So4- T^JTVER^J YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Zhe jfirst fotclqn Ubimionmt of tbe, Cburcb of Emetfca t>abliC9.tion m 23 3-uts, 1002 PtJBLlSHBD QtTABTERM' Entered at the Post Offlco at HartfwcL C(mn.« as Sot-ond daft* Hatter, A]>.rU, 189A A SKETCH OF Zbc tfivst ^Foreign fllMssionar^ OF THE CHURCH OF AMERICA John Jacob Robertson was born in the city of New York March 6, 1797. He inherited so frail a constitution from his mother, whom he lost in early childhood, that it was feared he would not long survive her. When about seven years of age he began to gain in strength, and was noted in boyhood for a keen relish for outdoor sports, together with an intense love of nature. He soon became a botanist, and began to gather a choice collection of shells and minerals, which became in later years a great delight. While full of life and spirits, he was naturally of a serious and studious turn of mind, and was always an omnivorous reader and a collector of books, especially of sci entific works and of those on the literature of the Church of which he early became a devout communicant. At nineteen he graduated with high honor from Columbia College, New York. Always far from robust, his health failed and hemorrhages from the lungs induced his father, a prosper ous West India merchant, proud of his talented son and alarmed for his health, to send him to Europe to travel and recruit. This trip was not then an every-day affair, for it was previous to the advent of ocean steamships and before rail roads had penetrated everywhere. The sea voyage proved beneficial, and his appearance, manners, and fine qualities of mind and heart procured him a welcome entrance into the choicest social scientific and ecclesiastical circles. 4 THE FIRST FOREIGN MISSIONARY In England he was the honored guest of the mother of the Bishop of India (Reginald Heber, author of the hymn " From Greenland's Icy Mountains,") of William Wilberforce, the great philanthropist, of the Bishop of Norwich, father of Dean Stanley, and of others of note. In Sweden one of the court attaches in recognition of his botanical ability presented him with an excellent likeness in water colors. In Rome he entered that charming circle of which Baron Bunsen, chief of the German Legation, and his admirable wife, were the leaders, and became intimate with the Secretary Brandis, who later was Counsellor to King Otho of Greece. In company with the clever Countess Von Hum boldt, wife of the great savant of that name, the two friends made delightful journeys, and his literary and scientific tastes were emphasized by this association, but the religious tone of his character was its strongest element. He had early resolved to devote himself to the ministry, and studied on his return home with ardor and enthusiasm. His studies were pursued under the guidance of Bishop Griswold, and it was then that his mind was especially drawn toward missions. The very essence of his being was his love of Christ and his Church and the desire to obey the divine command to " preach the Gospel to every creature " became stronger and stronger. Ordained deacon by Bishop Gris wold in Bristol, Rhode Island, December 10, 1820, he served as assistant in New London, Conn. In 1821 he was married by Bishop Griswold to Julia A. Henshaw, a sister of the late Bishop Henshaw of Rhode Island, and took charge of the Church at Winchester, Va. He was ordained priest by Bishop Moore at Walker's Church May 19, 1822. He was elected Professor of Languages in the University of Vermont in 1824, and in 1825 opened a classical school in Baltimore, Md. A fearful illness he had, succeeded by the loss of a child of rare promise, caused the wife such anguish that her hair OF THE CHURCH OF AMERICA 5 turned gray in one night. To the last her husband carried always a tress of her hair in its original hue in his pocket- book, and at times showed it to her children, who only remem bered her with silvered locks. After these severe illnesses the doctor built up his constitution by care and lived to the good old age of eighty-four years. He was erect as an Indian all his life, and his hair never lost its dark hue. He was an active and corresponding member of various scientific societies in Europe and the United States, and also a charter member of the New York Historical Society. In the period of enforced idleness for the recovery of his health, Dr. Robertson again visited Europe, and now his attention was forcibly turned to the spiritual destitution of the charm ing countries bordering on the Mediterranean Sea. Both in Italy and France, by conversation and the distribution of the Sacred Scriptures and tracts, he enjoyed some opportunities of acting as a Missionary though without a regular commis sion. His regret was keen that our own beloved Church of America was not on the field as were the American Board and the Eng lish Church Missionary Society, and his longing to be an accredited agent of the same became intensified. His heart was especially fired for Greece, which was then in the midst of most strenuous efforts to recover her long lost liberty; for now, from 1821 to 1829, after a long night of subjection to the barbarous yoke of the Turk, the spirit of freedom had burst forth with an energy scarcely equalled in her days of renown. It was at this their hour of need that Byron lost his life in the Greek cause. Here, from this soil lately dyed with blood, had risen the voice of weeping and lamentation and great mourning of thousands of wretched widows and orphans, and reaching across the wide Atlantic this voice had entered the ears of American citizens, whose gov ernment at the solicitation of the ardent patriot and philan- 6 THE FIRST FOREIGN MISSIONARY thropist Dr. Howe of Boston, and of others like-minded, sent ships of supplies to this stricken land and people. At this time when all hearts were throbbing with pity and sympathy for the Greeks, Dr. Robertson returned and urged that the Church in America should send out a mission to the Church of Greece, crushed under tyranny, and he offered himself freely and for life. Abandoning the inviting prospects opening before him, as a youthful scholar whose merits were already recognized, he stood forth as a champion, the first of all, ready to serve in any work that the Church might undertake for the aid, the comfort, and the elevation of the Churches of the East. The fulness of his heart found vent in the following lines in 1827 : Is there no voice to plead for Greece ! No tongue to trumpet forth her woe, No herald of the Prince of Peace Her Zion's bleeding wounds to show. Rise, God's anointed ones! proclaim Her altars prostrate, fanes denied ; Her priesthood blinded, halt and lame, Her sons, through ignorance beguiled ! Hark to a cry from Macedon ! From Athens, Corinth, Scio, Crete ! Come o'er and help us ! Ye who. own Truth's sacred chart, come guide our feet. Now that the Moslem's sway is broke ; Now that fair freedom on us smiles ; Our minds release from error's yoke ; Our souls from sin's deluding wiles. Our mouldering temples rear ; — expel Dark superstition's horrid shade, Forbid this subtlest child of hell Longer to cheat us or degrade. OF THE CHURCH OF AMERICA 7 Long buried by her lawless spell In dreamy slumber — we have lost Truths, on which Paul erst loved to dwell When preaching Christ our land he crossed. Haste then, Ambassadors of God! Though rolling oceans foam between ; The scenes which Paul thro' perils trod Bless with the Gospel's living stream! Stumbling in darkness — faint with sin ; Come o'er and help — we anxious cry ; Spread wide the word — the work begin To raise our humbled Church on high. Then brightly shall beam forth her light ; Before the Cross, the crescent wane ; And Rome confess the awakened might With whioh her sons pure truth maintain. And does no voice responsive sound, Within our Zion's hallowed walls? Is no devoted herald found To answer to these plaintive calls? Then leaning on Thy Spirit Lord ! My soul this sacred office seeks, Trusting each promise of Thy word Feeling "I'm debtor to the Greeks! " In the autumn of 1828 Dr. Robertson was appointed the "First Foreign Missionary of the Church in America" by a society organized for that purpose under Bishop White in Philadelphia, and sailed for Greece on an investigating tour January 1, 1829. The Venerable Bishop White, then Presid ing Bishop, gave him a fraternal letter to the Greek Bishops and Clergy and asked how we could best serve our Christian brethren in that classic land just freed from Turkish oppres. sion. Thus the first practical movement toward the reunion of Christendom was the sending of Dr. Robertson, the first Missionary of our American Church as Commissioner to the sister Church of Greece in Athens in 1829. 8 THE FIRST FOREIGN MISSIONARY During a stay in Malta he visited the English Church missionary stationed there, and was also a guest of members of the American Board, obtaining much valuable information from them. While there Dr. Robertson was, as the first Mis sionary of the Church in the United State to a foreign land, presented to a Bishop of the Armenian Church ; the Bishop ex claimed, "That is right, the Messiah did not say, Live at ease, keep within the walls and preach, but ' go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature.' " At Corfu he visited the Bishop of the Island and presented to him the letter of Bishop White. The Bishop expressed himself as much pleased with its friendly and religious tone. The main idea of the instructions for this preliminary, investigating tour was that the missionary should obtain re liable information upon the state of the Greek Chureh and country. This he did by travelling about on horseback, or by mule. With few exceptions he was forced to lodge in wretched huts, without bed, chair or table, the bare earth for flooring ; the smoke, for lack of chimney, finding its way through the crevices of the roof; the family all sharing the same apartment, where cooking and all the domestic affairs had place, the poultry roosting on a pole overhead, and pigs or sheep huddling in the corner; the muleteer sharing the same, and the villagers crowding in from curiosity to see the strangers. The fare was of the poorest, but nothing daunted his zeal, and he would eagerly enter into conversation with the village priests, magistrates, schoolmasters, and peasants, giving them tracts and the scriptures, which were received by them as if they were gold — precious indeed ! Frequently he read and expounded the Bible to them, and commending all to God would wrap himself up in his cloak and strive to sleep. Everywhere he found the Greek Church in a sadly degraded and impoverished state, owing to the oppression of centuries. But there was an eagerness to receive instruction, and a readi- OF THE CHURCH OF AMERICA 9 ness to impart information on the part of both priests and people which was most encouraging. There was much to be hoped from their unswerving attachment to their faith in Christ and His Church. Dr. Robertson obtained statistics which added vastly to the value of his report, which on his return after about a year's absence, he laid before the Society. By his vivid representation of the depressed state of the Greek Church he succeeded in creating such interest in that unfortunate land, that the Society commissioned him to establish a permanent mission there, and he received his in structions and commission from Bishop White, then Presiding Bishop, and the latter document bore his seal, while Doctors Kemper and Smith, both afterwards Bishops, also signed it as Secretaries. The instructions were emphatic that the mis sion was not designed for the purpose of proselytizing, but to restore and elevate a Sister Church fallen through oppression. With his wife and three little children, also a press and printer, Dr. Robertson sailed a second time for Greece, Oct. II, 1830, accompanied by Rev. Mr. and Mrs. Hill, as Asso ciate Missionaries. Arriving at the Island of Tenos in De cember, the winter was spent there, all removing to Athens the following spring, where schools were opened and the press established. The missionaries occupied almost the only habitable home ; this was owing to the ruined state of the city occasioned by the Turkish ravages. The man servant employed proved to be the captain of a band of robbers, who in a tem porary absence of the gentlemen he pillaged and set fire to the house. The fire, however, was discovered and extinguished. It was during their residence in Athens that Sir John Franklin, the great Arctic explorer, and his devoted wife, became the life-long friends of Dr. Robertson. Many years after, Lady Franklin visited them in their rural rectory on the Hudson River. His friendship with the German Secretary was renewed, and a new one formed with the young King IO THE FIRST FOREIGN MISSIONARY Otho of Greece, whose Consort Queen Amelia would give Dr. Robertson private audience and seek his counsel. But Dr. Robertson's whole heart was in the mission work, to aid, up lift and restore the fallen and oppressed Greek Church to its pristine purity. As Athens was an inland town, seven miles from the Piraeus or seaport, with rough roads traversed only by rude two-wheeled ox-carts, this made it a matter of great difficulty to spread the Scriptures and books of instruction through the country. It was therefore decided that with his family and press he should remove to the Island of Syra, whose noble harbor was frequented by vessels from all ports. This was done in November, 1833, and the schools were left in the able hands of Dr. and Mrs. Hill. These they conducted admirably, doing noble work for over fifty years, and most deservedly receiving royal recognition. In Syria also schools were opened, Mrs. Robertson as before doing excellent work in them. Her husband devoted much time to the press and to translating, ably aided by his eldest child, a girl of thirteen, who inherited her father's lin guistic talent. Services were held in his spacious study, over looking the sea, and prayer books in various languages were used and responses made by sailors, travelers, and other for eign residents who attended. Many were thus reached. The influence of the mission extended to the numerous islands of the Grecian Archipelago. It was in 1839 tnat Dr. Robertson was transferred by the Society at home to Constantinople and there established what was known as the "Oriental Mission." The Rev. Horatio Southgate had previously been sent by the Society on an investigating tour of the Syrian churches, and on his return published an account of it in two volumes. On being ordained priest he joined Dr. Robertson in 1840 as his junior colleague. Here they were on the most friendly terms with the Greek Patriarch, to whom they presented the " letter commenda- OF THE CHURCH OF AMERICA II tory," and also with the Syrian and Nestorian Bishops. These were at times guests of the Doctor in his most hospitable home, which was ever the resort of distinguished scholars and travelers, and the friendly gathering place of the Missionaries of the American Board, and of the members of the various embassies, and of residents there from diverse countries and climes. Unfortunately the Church at large in the United States took little interest in this new Mission. A party spirit had arisen at home, and there was a clashing of views, causing distrust, and a consequent lack of funds for the work. There fore in 1842 Dr. Robertson was recalled. This crushed his ardent heart, though he never lost his interest in the cause. He continued to give largely and most self-denyingly of his means, and toiled untiringly for the work of the Divine Mas ter. He was unwearying in his efforts to rouse the same spirit in others, travelling also through the country, preaching and raising funds. He was largely instrumental in the elec tion of the Rev. Mr. Southgate, who was consecrated in Phil adelphia in 1844 to be Bishop of the Mission. And now this faithful missionary, whose early work in Greece was the first link toward the " Reunion of Christen dom " became the equally faithful parish priest, striving in all things to follow the Master and win souls. But his interest in missions only ceased with life and he stirred many hearts to a like enthusiasm. He served as Rector for forty years in three different parishes, loving his people, and both honored and beloved by them. He was equally the gentleman to his dependents as to the Queen, and greeted the plainest folk as graciously as the grandest. His love of flowers and children was well known. He and his wife were noted for their kindly charities and unfailing hospitality. And all loved to come to the sweet simple rectory at Saugerties, a charming home of rare refinement where they lived for twenty-two years. TRINITY CHURCH, SAUGERTIES, N. Y. OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA 1 3 At the falling of the leaves in the Centennial year, 1876, his beloved wife passed into rest, and from that time life had lost its charm to him. In time he gladly accepted the ser vices of an assistant.in the person of the Rev. Thomas Cole, son of the late famous and devout artist of that name, who rendered loyal and loving service in the parish of which he is still rector. After 1880, when he was made Rector-Emeritus, he visibly declined; and on his eighty-fourth birthday, his last on earth, the first Sunday of March, 1881, was able only to enter the Church to receive the Holy Communion, when the vestry and people tenderly drew about him with heartfelt ex pressions of love and reverence. In the old time picturesque rectory, embowered in vines and stately trees, beneath the shadow of the beautiful Catskill Mountains, and nestling be hind the Church of his last parish on the Hudson, he ended his days happily and peacefully, beloved and respected by all. In priestly robes, with the cross he always wore upon his breast, and followed by a concourse of priests and people, he was borne to his burial by his faithful vestry. His parishioners honored him by the placing of a rarely artistic memorial in the chancel of the Church. It is a large panel painting in oil. A group of angels hold a scroll bearing the legend " Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom there is no guile". And beneath a richly ornamental space is this inscrip tion — " In memory of John Jacob Robertson, D. D., born in New York March 6, 1797, made deacon December 10, 1820, ordained priest May 19, 1822. He was appointed the first Foreign Missionary of the Church in the United States in 1828, and sailed for Greece January 1, 1829. Returned to this country in 1842, made Rector of Trinity Church 1859, Rector-Emeritus 1880. Fell asleep in Jesus October 6, 1881." Above all is a shield bearing the three priestly emblems, chalice, paten, and eagle, surrounded by a scroll with the words, " Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to 14 THE FIRST FOREIGN MISSIONARY every creature," as the divine command it had been the ser vice of his life to fulfil. Was not this heroism ? Was it not a self-devotion worthy of the best ages and the best spirits of the Church? Shall we let such examples die and be forgotten in the wild rush of our modern life? Can the American Church afford to forget its own heroes? The First Missionary of the American Church ! The first who bore a message of hope and love to the down-trodden Church of Greece ! ROUND ROBIN, PUBLISHED QUARTERLY SERIES FIRST The Mission Field 1. INDIAN MISSIONS, Part I. by the Rev. Anthon T. Gesner. 2. WESTERN MISSIONS, by the Rev. Anthon T. Gesner. 3. JAPAN, by the Rev. Elliston J. Perot. 4. CHINA, by the Rt. Rev. S. C. Partridge and others. 6. AFRICA, 'sa compilation from various sources. 9. INDIAN MISSIONS, Part II., THE SIOUX OF SOUTH DAKOTA, by the Rev. Anthon T. Gesner. 10. DIOCESAN MISSIONS, by the Rev. T. M. Peck and others. 11. INDIAN MISSIONS, Part III, by Bishop Ethelbert Talbot and the Rev. H. L. Burleson. 12. CHURCH SCHOOLS IN THE/WEST.'by the Rev. A. T. Gesner. 13. THE BEGINNINGS OF THE CHURCH IN CALIFORNIA, by Bishop Nichols. 14. INDIAN MISSIONS, Part IV, by the Rev. F. W. Crook. 15. NASHOTAH HOUSE, by the Rev. Prof. W. W. Webb. 17. (AMERICAN PILGRIMS IN CHINA, by the Rt. Rev Sidney C 18. f Partridge, Bishop of Kyoto. In two parts, 10 cents each. 19. LIFE IN ANVIK, by Mrs. John W. Chapman. Price 10 cents. 20. DAYS WITH THE RED MEN, by Mrs. J. D. Morrison. 10 cents each. 12 numbers for $1.00 SERIES SECOND Stories from the Mission Field 1. AUNT SALLY, by Mrs. Buford, of Lawrenceville, Va. 2. DESTCHEWA, THE YOUNG ARAPAHOE, by Rev. John Roberts. 3. ANGELIQUE, by Miss Amelia Ives, St. Mary's School, Rosebud, S. D. 4. A VISIT TO ST. 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"Used in many Mission Study Classes as a text-book, a chapter being read at each meeting, different members of the class adding whatever further information they can obtain about the special country referred to. 7TV\0 fiXWaC+iWtSirX) Tl *>$5fT^>t" An illustrated lesson paper for the use of Vll.'C lllJir»r»lCMUU y iLCtlllXl, Sunday Schools and missionary classes, issued monthly. Annual subscription for the twelve numbers, post-paid, 15 cents. Ten or more copies to one address, annual subscription 10 cents each. Single number post-paid, 3 cents. Special discounts on large orders. Address : MISS MARY E. BEACH, Sec'y and Asst. Treas., P. O. Drawer 1 3, Hartford, Conn. YALE UNIVERSITY LIBHARY 3 9002 09863 1113