YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY RERUM BRITANNICARUM MEDII ,EVI SCRIPTORES, OR CHRONICLES AND MEMORIALS OE GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND DURING THE MIDDLE AGES. THE CHRONICLES AND MEMORIALS or GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND DURING THE MIDDLE AGES. PUBLISHED BT THE AUTHORITY OF HER MAJESTYS TREASURY, UNDKR THE DIRECTION OF THE MASTER OF THE ROLLS. On the 26th of January 1857, the Master of the Rolls submitted to the Treasury a proposal for the publication of materials for the History of this Country from the Invasion of the Romans to the Reign of Henry VIII. The Master of the Rolls suggested that these materials should be selected for publication under competent editors without reference to periodical or chronological arrange ment, without mutilation or abridgment, preference being given, in the first instance, to such materials as were most scarce and valuable, He proposed that each chronicle or historical document to be edited should be treated in the same way as if the editor were engaged on an Editio Princeps ; and for this purpose the most correct text should be formed from an accurate collation of the best MSS. To render the work more generally useful, the Master of the Rolls suggested that the editor should give an account of the MSS. employed by him, of their age and their peculiarities ; that he should add to the work a brief account of the life and times of the author, and any remarks necessary to explain the chronology ; but no other note or comment was to be allowed, except what might be necessary to establish the correctness of the text. a 2 The works to be published in octavo, separately, as they were finished ; the whole responsibility of the task resting upon the editors, who were to be chosen by the Master of the Rolls with the sanction of the Treasury. The Lords of Her Majesty's Treasury, after a careful consideration of the subject, expressed their opinion in a Treasury Minute, dated February 9, 1857, that the plan recommended by the Master of the Rolls "was well calculated for the accomplishment of this important national object, in an effectual and satisfactory manner, within a reasonable time, and provided proper attention be paid to economy, in making the detailed arrangements, without unnecessary expense." They expressed their approbation of the proposal that each chronicle and historical document should be edited in such a manner as to represent with all possible correct ness the text of each writer, derived from a collation of the best MSS., and that no notes should be added, except such as were illustrative of the various readings. They suggested, however, that the preface to each work should contain, in addition to the particulars proposed by the Master of the Rolls, a biographical account of the author, so far as authentic materials existed for that purpose, and an estimate of his historical credibility and value. Rolls House, December 1857. LABaksrattheOven.temp Edward I 2. A Baker drawn on the Hurdle .„,H,^f i+i r ettachea to his neck.temp Edward I 3,The Pjllory, I EdwanLIII 4 The filfi Jf 5 SM FROM TEE ASSISA PANIS. 21 ELW.I._ 16 HENR.VT , PRESERVED AT €UILI>EALL. D>«g3cSon.Lirij?tD^fe<}t»«a -Mus I ae.;Zh, MUNIMENTA GILDHALLjE LONDONIENSIS: LIBER ALBUS, LIBEE CUSTUMAMM, ET m mm EDITED BY HENRY THOMAS RILEY, M.A. CLARE HALL, CAMBRIDGE ; OF THE INKER TEMPLE, EARRISTER-AT-LAW. VOL. III. CONTAINING TRANSLATION OF THE ANGLO-NORMAN PASSAGES IN LIBER ALBUS, GLOSSARIES, APPENDICES, AND INDEX. : PUBLISHED BY 'l'HE AUTHOEITY OP THE LOKDS COMMlSSIONEES OF HEE MAJESTY'S TEEASUKY, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE MASTER OF THE ROLLS. LONDON: LONGMAN, GREEN, LONGMAN, AND EOBERTS. 1862. Printed by Etee and Spottiswoode, Har Majesty's Printers, For Her Majesty's Stationery Office. LIBER ALBUS. TRANSLATION OF THE ANGLO-NORMAN PASSAGES, GLOSSARIES, APPENDICES, AND INDEX. EDITED BY HENRY THOMAS RILEY, M.A., CLARE HALL, CAMBRIDGE ; OF THE INNER TEMPLE, BARRISTER-AT-LAW. PUBLISHED KY THE AUTHORITY OF THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS OF HER MAJESTY'S TKEASURY,.UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE MASTER OF THE ROLLS. LONDON: LONGMAN, GREEN, LONGMAN, AND ROBERTS, 1862. TABLE OE CONTENTS. PAGE Introduction ----- ix Translations from the Anglo-Norman Portion of "Liber Albus" - - 1 Glossary of Anglo-Norman and Early English Words in " Liber Albus " - - - - 287 Glossary of Mediaeval Latin Words in "Liber "Albus" - - - - - -373 Appendix I Extracts from the " Assisa Panis," 21 Edward I — 16 Henry VI., preserved at Guildhall - - - - 411 Appendix II. — Extracts from the " Liber Memo- "randorum," temp. Ed-ward II., preserved at Guildhall - ... 430 Letter of John Carpenter, Common Clerk of the City of London, and Compiler of the "Liber "Albus," descriptive of the Entry of Henry the Sixth into the City, on Thursday, the 20th of February 1432, after his Return prom France. From " Letter-Book K.," preserved at Gulld- hall ------- 457 Glossary to the Appendices - - - 465 Glossarial Index of Festivals and Dates ' 473 Index to "Liber Albus" * 477 Index to the Appendices - - - - 521 INTRODUCTION. INTRODUCTION. The present Volume completes the publication of Liber Albus and Liber Custumarum ; with the addition, by way of Appendix, of some extracts from the Assisa Panis and the Liber Memorandorum, two mediaeval compilations, of minor size and value, in the possession of the Corporation of the City of London. In reference to its Contents : — The Translation of the Anglo-Norman passages in Liber Albus, as in the case of similar passages in Liber Custumarum, has been made as literally throughout as, consistently with the requirements of good grammar, it could be. The Glossaries also have been compiled on the same 1 principle as those which accompany that Volume ; the Anglo-Norman Glossary consisting of such words, or forms of words, as are not to be found in Roquefort's Glossaire de la Langue Romane (a work which, unfortunately, from the comparative paticity of the books consulted by its Compiler, is anything but calculated for the elucidation of the Anglo-Norman dialect) ; and the Glossary of Mediaeval Latin containing such words as not only are not to be met with in ordinary Dictionaries, but in many instances are to be sought in vain in the elaborate pages of Du Cange. The Appendices consist of Extracts from the Assisa Panis, the Liber Memorandorum, and Letter-Book K., all preserved in the Record-Room at Guildhall. The Assisa Pa/nis is a folio volume, containing 164 leaves of parchment, the last thirty-four of which are 1 See Introduction to Libes Custumarum, page cxv. X INTRODUCTION. blank ; and consists of entries more or less intimately connected with the Assay and Assize of Bread by the civic authorities between the twenty-first year of Ed ward I. and the sixteenth of Henry VI. The greater portion of its contents, as might be anticipated from a reference to pages 849-353 of Liber Albus, is of a purely formal character, consisting, for the most part, of columns of figures, in reference to the weight and price of bread. As, however, upon examination, it has been found to contain several curious particulars, nowhere else to be met with, in reference to the varieties of bread, the bakers, the frauds of the trade, and consequent punishments, during the fourteenth and fifteenth cen turies, the Editor has thought it desirable to extract from it all matter of this description, as a not unsuit able Appendix to the more formal details given on these subjects in pages 349-358 of Liber Albus. With this object, each page of the Assisa Panis has been carefully subjected to several examinations ; and the reader, who can hardly fail to find much in these extracts to interest him alike by their quaintness and their novelty, may rest assured that there is not a passage of any value in the Assisa Panis, with which he is left unacquainted. On referring to page 602 (Book IV.) of Liber Albus, it would seem either that the reference to the account of the fraud committed by certain London bakers by surreptitiously making holes in their ' moulding-boards/ had been lost or mislaid by Carpenter or his amanuenses, or that the narrative itself of this singular transaction was then considered to be no longer in existence. In pages 416-420 of the pre sent Volume, the Editor has had the satisfaction of exhuming it from the pages of the Assisa Panis. The Liber Memorandorum is a small quarto volume of the time of Edward II., and perhaps, to some ex tent, of the early part of the reign of Edward III., containing 193 leaves of parchment, those after folio 170 being in general left blank. Such passages in this INTRODUCTION. xi Volume as seemed either to be of value in an historical point of view, or likely to interest the antiquarian reader, have been extracted by the Editor, and are printed in Appendix II., pp. 430-456 of the present Volume. Among them, attention may be called more particularly to the Charter granted by Queen Alianor to the Brethren in London of the Penance of Jesus Christ (p. 430) ; the Regulations for the due making of mea sures by the Turners of London (p. 432) ; the extor tions practised by Edward II. upon the City of London in the exaction of loans, and the breach of good faith committed by him, at least upon one occasion (pp. 438- 437) ; the "Writ of Edward II. (omitted in the new edition of Rymer's Fcedera) enjoining, that the Statute of Winchester shall be duly observed within ' the City of London (pp. 437-439) ; the Proclamation, temp. Ed ward II., against the playing at foot-ball within the City (p. 440) ; the Ordinances of the London Cord- wainers, temp. Henry III. (pp. 441-445) ; and the Grant of a Corody by the Wardens of London Bridge (pp. 449- 453) ; the latter affording, incidentally, some account of the construction of the Bridge House, in the thirteenth century, which formerly stood over the Chapel of St. Thomas in the centre of Old London Bridge, and giving an interesting insight into the usages and re quirements of English domestic life in the time of Edward I. The Mediseval Glossary of Anglo-Saxon terms (printed in pp. 453-456, from the same Volume,) is also of interest, and will repay comparison with a somewhat similar extract given in Appendix G. to Mr. Luard's English History of Bartholomew Cotton, printed in the present Series. It purports to have been compiled by " Alexander, Archiepiscopus Salapise," but as it is evident that there is some mistake as to the title, we may safely conclude that Alexander, Archdeacon of Shrewsbury, (who wrote a Preface to the Red Book of the Exchequer) is the person meant. a 8 i- xn INTRODUCTION. In pages 431, 433, 445, and 449, references are given to passages in Liber Custumarum and Liber Albus, upon which some additional light may possibly be thrown by matter found in this Appendix. The Letter of John Carpenter (pp, 457-464) de scriptive of the entry of King Henry VI. into the City of London on the 20th of February 1432, extracted from Letter-Book K., preserved at Guildhall, has been printed by M. Delpit, in pp. 244-248 of his Collection Cenerale des Documents Fran$ais, but in so incorrect a form as to render it worse than valueless. M. Delpit has failed too to detect the fact that under the sub scription, " Per Fabrum, sive Domificem, vestrum, " Johannem," John 1 Carpenter, Secretary, or Common Clerk, to the City of London, is undoubtedly meant. The first address, in English, made by the Mayor of London to the Sovereign (p. 458), will be found, on comparison, to differ very materially from the version given in the description which accompanies the poem composed by 2Lydgate on this august occasion. The same too, as to the verses, or 3 " new song," also addressed 1 See pp. 469 and 471 of this Volume, s. vv. Domifex and Secre- tarius. 2 " Sovereign lord and noble " kyng, ye be welcome oute of " ^oure reame of Fraunce, into tbis " blissed reme of Englond, and in " especiaUe unto your most notable " Citee of London, otherwyse callyd " youre 'ehambyr,' we thankyng " God of the good and gracios " arenyng of yowre croune of " Fraunce, beseching his mercyfull " grace to send yow prosperite and " many jeris, to the comfort of alie " youre lovyng peple." Halliwell's Edition of Lydgate's Minor Works (1840), p. 4. 8 " Sovereigne lord, welcome to youre citee ! " Welcome oure joye and oure hertes plesaunce ! " Welcome oure gladness, welcome oure suffisaunce. " Welcome ! welcome ! righte wel. come mot ye be. '' Singyng to fforn thi rialle ma- jeste, " We say offte hert, withowte va- riaunce, " Sovereigne lord, welcome, wel come ye be ! " Meire, citezins, and alie the co- mynalte, " Att youre home comyng now owghte of Eraunce, " Be grace relevyd of ther old gre- vaunce, " Sing this day, withe grete so- lempnite, INTRODUCTION. au to the King (p. 460) ; while, on the other hand, the second address of the Mayor (p. 463) tallies pretty closely with Lydgate's version. The facsimiles facing the title-page of the present Volume are from three rough sketches upon leaves of the Assisa Panis, of the dates, respectively, of Ed ward I., Edward III., and Richard II. ' Sovereigne lord, welcome to youre citee ! " Lydgate's Minor Works, p. 10. Again, the version given by Fa- byan, in his New Chronicles of Eng land and France, differs consider ably from that given by Lydgate : — " Soveraygne lorde, welcome to your cytie, " Welcome our ioye, and our hertes pleasaunce, " Welcome our gladnesse, welcome our suffysaunce, " Welcome, welcome, right wel come mut ye be. " Syngynge before thy royall ma- geste, We say with herte, withouten va- ryaunce, Soveraygne lorde, now welcome out of Fraunce. The mayer and cytezyns with all the comynaltie, Reioyse your comynge newly out of Fraunce, Wherby this cytie and they re- levyd be Of all theyr sorowe and former grevaunce. Wherfor they say, and synge without cessaunce, • : Welcome, welcome, welcome, our hertes ioye, '¦ Welcome you be, unto your owne Newe Troye." VOL. III. TRANSLATIONS FROM THE ANGLO-NORMAN PORTION OF LIBER ALBUS. VOL. III. TRANSLATIONS FROM THE ANGLO-NORMAN PORTION OF LIBER ALBUS. FIRST BOOK. PART THE FIRST. Chapter XVI. [The Election of Sheriffs.] Page 43. As concerning the election of Sheriffs, — the Mayor, E.^.a. Recorder, Aldermen, and Commons, are to be assembled on the day of Saint Matthew the Apostle [21 Septem ber], in such manner as is ordained on the election of the Mayor; and in the first place, the Mayor shall choose, of his own free will, a reputable man, free of the City, to be one of the Sheriffs for , the ensuing year ; for whom he is willing to answer as to one half of the fenn of the City due unto the King, if he who is so elected by the Mayor shall prove not sufficient. But if the Mayor elect him by counsel and with the assent of the Aldermen, they ought to be answerable with him. And those who are elected for the Common Council, themselves, and the others summoned by the Mayor for this purpose, as before declared, shall choose another Sheriff, for the commonalty ; for whom all the com monalty is bound to be answerable as to the other half of the ferm so due to the King, in case he shall prove not sufficient. And if any controversy arise between the commons as to the election, let it be done and dis cussed in such manner as is contained in the article A 2 4 LIBER ALBUS. [B. L upon the ' Common Council ' in the Thirteenth Chapter of this First Book. And if any one of those then chosen to be Sheriffs shall refuse or absent himself, so as not to be ready a-t the Guildhall on the Vigil of Saint Michael next ensuing, at ten by the clock, [there] to receive his charge, there shall be levied forthwith from the goods, lands, and tenements, of him who so absents himself, one hundred pounds ; one half to the use of the Chamber, and the other half to the use of him who shall then be suddenly elected and charged by reason of his default. And if the second person elected shall refuse the charge, all his goods, lands, and tenements shall be arrested, for all expenses touching that office. And the old Sheriffs shall come to the Guildhall, at eleven by the clock at the very latest, and shall deliver unto the Mayor (at the latest, at the Mayor's General Court that is held after the Feast of the Epiphany) all records of pleas touching freeholds pleaded before them in their time, with all other memoranda touching recoveries suffered by any person, under a penalty of one hundred shillings, to be levied from each of them and to be paid to the use of the Chamber. To do which, the Mayor shall warn them the day on which they shall receive their charge. And then the Mayor shall deliver the Cocket to such Sheriff as he himself shall have chosen, and the records to the Chamber lain, for safe custody ; and forthwith, the newly elected are to be charged in such form as is written in the Second Part of Book III. of this Volume, folio 25. Chapter XVII. [The Oath of all the Sheriffs' Servants, and their duties.] Page 45. p.i2.t. And as soon as the Sheriffs are sworn, all the servants of their office — clerks, Serjeants and their vadlets, bailiffs of the customs and of Middlesex, the gaoler of Neugate prl.] OATH ADMINISTERED TO SHERIFFS' SERVANTS. 5 and his clerk, — shall also be sworn, each according to that which pertains unto the position that he holds, any oath made before to their masters to the contrary not withstanding. And he who refuses such oaths is to be adjudged incapable of holding any office for that year. And he who does not appear that day to receive the charge before the said Mayor and Aldermen, shall lose all his offices for that year. And none of the Sheriffs shall have more than eight Serjeants, but fewer, if they may suffice to execute the business of the public. The oaths of the Under-Sheriff and of all the Sheriffs' clerks, of the Serjeants of the Sheriffs, and of the vadlets of the Serjeants, are set forth in the Second Part of Book III. of this Volume, folio 27. Item, after dinner on the same day, the old and the new Sheriffs shall go together to the prison of Neugate ; and there the new Sheriffs shall receive all the prisoners by indenture made between them and the old Sheriffs, and shall place safeguard there at their own peril, without letting the gaol to ferm. And be it made known, that all profits arising from any customs or bailiwicks pertaining unto the Sheriffs of London and Middlesex, after the hour of noon on the Vigil of Saint Michael aforesaid, shall belong to the new Sheriffs, and before the hour of noon to the old ones. Item, no Sheriff hereafter shall take any fine from baker or from brewster, beyond what it is ordained for them to take. And if any Sheriff shall do so, and be attainted thereof, he shall pay for each penny so received twelve pence unto the Chamber. Item, if it happen, which may God forbid, that any one of the Sheriffs or their officers shall have especial eommand on part of the Mayor or Aldermen to per form any business touching the City, and such Sheriff or his officers will not take in hand the same, such Sheriff or officer shall be warned forthwith to appear before the Mayor and Aldermen, and the Common 6 LIBER ALBUS. [B- 1- Council of the City, there to answer why he has not done what he was commanded to do. And if he shall not think proper to appear on the day appointed, or if he shall come and not offer reasonable excuse, let him be ousted from his office and another established in his place. And if such default shall be found in a servant of the Sheriffs, let him be ousted from his office and adjudged incapable of holding any other office in the said city, thenceforth for ever, without restitution F.i3.a. thereof. And also, neither Mayor, Sheriff, nor Alder men, clerks of the Sheriffs or of the Chamber, Serjeants, bedels, Serjeants' vadlets, porters of the Compters, nor officers of Newgate, nor their vadlets, shall from henceforth, either themselves or by others, brew for sale, keep oven, or let carts for hire ; nor shall they be regrators of any provisions, or hucksters of ale, or in partnership with such. And let the person who will not make oath thereto, or who shall contravene this ordinance, be ousted from his office for ever. Item, the Sheriffs shall not let the County of Middlesex to ferm in any manner, but the same shall remain in their own keeping, by their deputy ; that so the folks in the said County of Middlesex may be treated and governed in due manner as the law demands, without extortion committed upon any one. Item, the said Sheriffs shall not let the Gaol of Neugate to ferm, but shall put there a man, sufficient and of good repute, to keep the said gaol in due manner, without taking anything of him for such keeping thereof, by covenant made in private or openly. And . the gaoler, who by the said Sheriffs shall be deputed there unto, shall make oath before the Mayor and Alder men, that neither he, nor any other for him, shall take fine or extortionate charge from any prisoner for putting on or taking off his irons, or shall receive monies extorted from any prisoner. But it shall be fully lawful for the said gaoler to take from each person, when set PTI.] FEES AND DUTIES OF THE CITY OFFICERS. 7 at liberty, four pence for his fee, as from ancient times has been the usage : but he shall take from no person at his entrance there, nor shall he issue [exe cution] suddenly, by 1 command of the Mayor and Aldermen, without other process. And if he shall.be found to commit extortion upon any one, let him be ousted from his office, and be punished at the dis cretion of the Mayor and Aldermen, and Common Council of the City. Item, the Serjeants' grooms who 2 seize cartage, shall take no more carts or horses than are necessary, and even then, such carts and horses [only] as are on hire ; and not those of poor folks who bring victuals and other merchandize to the City, while they spare carts and horses that are to be let on hire, for their own private advantage, — on pain of being dismissed from their office for ever. Chapter XVIII. [The Fees and Duties of the Chamberlain, his clerk, the Common Serjeant-at-Law, the Common Clerk, and his clerks.] Page 47. The Chamberlain, the Common Serjeant-at-Law, who F.13.13. is otherwise called the 'Common sCountor/ and the Common Clerk, shall be elected by the Common Council of the City, and removed, at their pleasure. And each of these shall receive for his labour from the Chamber ten pounds per amnum. And further, the Common Clerk shall receive sustenance for his clerks in either Chamber, and for each deed and will enrolled in the Hustings, ten pence ; and for every deed enrolled in the Mayor's Rolls, he shall take two 1 This passage is probably corrupt. I 3 Or Pleader. 2 For the public service ofthe City- I 8 LIBER ALBUS. [B. I. shillings ; and for every writ of assize, of nuisance, and of intrusion, and for every precept directed unto the Sheriffs for pleas of Hustings, and for every writ of Scire facias and of Fieri facials six pence, the case of Aldermen excepted. And the Chamberlain shall give in his account each year, between the Feasts of Saint Michael and of Saint Simon and Saint Jude the Apostles [28 October], at the latest, before two Aldermen and four of the Commons, who shall be chosen by the Common Council of the City, on the Day of Saint Matthew [21 Sep tember], to take such account. And the persons so chosen shall appoint for the Chamberlain a certain day, upon which he shall hold himself in readiness to render his account. And also, the Wardens of the Bridge shall each year give in their account in the same manner, before the same auditors, or others by the Common Council thereunto assigned. Item, if any one shall ask to see any record, he shall shew unto the Chamberlain or unto the Common Clerk the reason for his demand ; and if it shall seem reasonable unto the Chamberlain or the Common Clerk, it shall be shewn unto him by a clerk, sworn unto the Chamber, and not otherwise ; and if he shall wish to have a copy, he shall have the same for a competent payment, to be given to him who shall makethe trans cript. And if any clerk shall other wise disclose the secrets of the rules and records, and shall be clearly convicted thereof, he shall be punished bodily by imprisonment, and shall lose his office for ever. Item, the clerk of the Chamberlain shall receive in part for his labour one half of the sum that arises from the twelve pence taken for the entry of writs of franchise ; and further, he shall receive for his labour what the auditors of the Chamberlain's account may think proper to allow him, at their discretion. P*I.] FEES OF THE MAYOR'S SUBORDINATE OFFICERS. 9 Item, he who is Mayor for the time being, and is sworn unto the City, and [is also] Escheator for such time being, shall keep a clerk for that office ; for whom he shall be prepared to answer as well unto the King as to the City, for the saving of his own honour and estate. " Item, the Common Serjeant-at-Arms of the City, who is otherwise called the ' Common Crier,' shall be always of the household of the Mayor for the time f.m.s. being, and ready at his commands, as the other Serjeants are ; and he shall receive from the Chamber sixty shillings each year, and a further sum, if such shall seem reasonable to the auditors of the Chamber lain's account, in consideration of his good behaviour ; and he shall receive from each of the Aldermen, for his "fee, the entire robes or cloaks in which they are sworn upon the day on which they receive charge of their office, or else six shillings and eight pence, at their own pleasure ; and he shall further receive from the Sheriffs twelve pence for every cry that he makes throughout the City ; [to enable him] to do which, they shall find him a sufficient horse, for the honour of the City. And he shall also receive for each testament proclaimed at the Hustings, and for each plea de termined at the Hustings, four pence, as his fee. And such serjeant shall be elected by the Common Council, and removed when they please. Item, the Mayor shall have two other Serjeants at least, and an esquire, a man Well bred (one who knows how in all places, in that which unto such service pertains, to support the honour of his lord and of the City), to bear his sword before him, at the private cost of such Mayor. Saving however, that each of these three shall receive from the Chamber forty shillings 'per anm/wm, and no more, as his wages. And the esquire shall receive, in addition to this, for each letter that shall be sealed with the Seal 10 LIBER ALBUS. [B. I. of the Mayoralty, twelve pence, the case of Aldermen excepted. Item, in the Chamber there must be three Serjeants, and no more, to serve the Chamberlain in , business touching such Chamber, and who shall be elected and removed by the Common Council, when they please. And each of these shall receive from the Chamber forty shillings per annum, and they shall share between them the half of the sum arising from the forty pence taken for the entry of writs of franchise ; and they shall be clothed in the suit of the Mayor, at the cost of the Chamberlain, twice each year. Item, if any serjeant of the Chamber shall be found negligent and not attentive to his duty, by testimony of the Chamberlain, upon the first default forty pence shall be deducted from his salary, and upon the second, half a mark, and the third time, ten shillings. And it is not the intention of the Common Council that by these penalties they shall be excused for any out rageous faults ; but, according to the extent of such offences, they shall be removed or otherwise punished, at the discretion of the Common Council of the City. PT II.] NO WAGER OF BATTLE BETWEEN TWO FREEMEN. 1 1 FIRST BOOK. PART THE SECOND. Chapter XLV. [That wager of battle does not lie between two persons who are free of the City, unless they both consent thereto.] Page 109. Adam Roem made plaint against John Buquente, p. 35. a. for felony and for robbery, and offered to prove the same, as being one of the franchise of London. John denied all, and put l himself out of the franchise, and made offer to defend himself by his body. Adam said that he would not for him lose his franchise ; for that no man of the franchise ought to do battle if he does not wish. It was then adjudged that John must make his law, himself the 2 eighteenth ; for that since both were of the same franchise, no wager of battle lay, if they did not both wish it, even though [in justice] they ought [to fight]. For that thus the strong man might put to shame the weak, the young the old ; for the old and the weak would not be able to make proof by battle against the strong and the young. Chapter XLVI. [Of one who was attached by sureties until the hold ing of the Pleas of the Crown, the accuser dying in the meantime.] Page 110. William Wilekyn, the Alderman, was a.ccused of F.ss.a. felony. WiUiam was attached, by twelve pledges, ' I.e. offered to waive his right, as a freeman of the City, of exemp tion from wager of battle. z I.e. with seventeen compurga tors, to make oath with him as to his innocence. 12 LIBER ALBUS. [B. I. until the Pleas of the Crown ; in the meanwhile how ever the accuser died. When the day came, the plaint was shewn. William proffered himself to stand his trial ; and when it was known that the accuser was dead, it was awarded that William should remain upon the same surety as he before had had, until the next Pleas of the Crown ; that is to say, if in the mean while any one should prosecute the said charge ; in which case, if any one should so prosecute it, right should be done therein. And if no one should prose cute, then William was to go acquitted ; except if by chance the King should hold him suspected, and the King should think proper to prosecute ; in which case he was [to clear himself by six compurgators], himself the seventh ; and if he should be cast therein, he was to be in the same plight as he would have been in as towards the [original] accuser ; in such manner as has been 1 before written thereupon. Chapter XLVII. F.ss.b. Of Pleas of the Crown in the City of London. Page 110. Where a man is judged by the Great Law, it is awarded him by the reputable men of the City, that he must have six-and-thirty men, who with him shall make oath, at the end of a quinzaine at least, or of a month, or still later, if the Justiciar shall so will it. And these six-and-thirty men ought to be chosen the same day by the reputable men of the City, if the Justiciar shall so will it, or at such other time as the Justiciar shall think proper ; that is to say, eighteen men from the East side of Walebroke, and eighteen men from the West side of Walebroke. And when 1 In allusion perhaps to Chapter I Liber Albus. — Proceedings of the XX. of B. I. Pt. II. (page 91) of 1 Iter. PHI.] TRIAL BY "GREAT" AND "MIDDLE LAW." 13 they shall be thus chosen by the men of the City — and not by a Sheriff or by the Chamberlain — their names must be taken down in writing, and delivered to the person who is to have them. And if he shall challenge any one of them, either for love towards the other, or for hatred, or for kindred, or for any other thing, such person ought to be removed, and another substituted by the reputable men ; and a day must be assigned him, to have them ready at the end of the quinzaine, or at a further time, at the pleasure of the Justiciars. And if it shall so happen, that he cannot have them ready at the day given him, on the third day before such day he must shew the same unto the Sheriff; and upon the day he must shew the same before the Justiciars, and the Sheriff must bear witness thereto. And then, upon such proof, and upon the testimony of the Sheriff, they must award him a 1 [future day], etc. Chapter XLVIII. That no one shall be put upon trial by the Great Laiv f. 35. b. except for homicide. Page 111. It should also be known, that no man ought to be put upon trial by the Great Law, except for the greatest cause that can be ; such as, for the death of a man, and that with pursuit, and with cry raised, and with witness thereto ; or for hamsoken apparent, and for doors broken and hewn down, and pursuit thereon ; and for wounds open and apparent, and the like mat ters. For there is no law in London that puts a man to death or in peril of limb, except this law. And therefore it is necessary that there should be some great reason to call for trial by this law. For as to the other laws waged in Pleas of the Crown, such as that by eighteen men, if the persons are cast, they are only 1 The concluding word here — 'fu ' — is apparently incomplete. 14 LIBER ALBUS. [B.I. amerced in property, and the amount of their JWere, that is to say, one hundred shillings. And in this [latter] case, the accused makes oath three times, which the English call 2 ' trefalde! In this he has to make oath three times, each time himself the 3 sixth ; and this, for the dignity of the Court and for the honour of justice. But on trial by the Great Law, the inculpated makes oath but once, and that, the first of all, by reason of the great peril there is in finding the compurgators. For if a single person should fail him or retract, then [the accused] is a dead man, and just the same as though he had been conquered in the 4 field. And by reason of this great peril he makes oath but 5once, in trial by the Great Law, and then the others after him. And some say that if the inculpated is a husband and a, landholder, it is necessary that his jurors also should be husbands, and should hold lands in the City. But the inculpated may rightfully have with him bachelors or widowers, provided they be lawful men ; and the like as to the converse. F. 35. b. Chapter XLIX. That a person accused in Pleas of the Crown may defend himself as against the King with six compurgators. Page 112. If the King sues against any man a Plea of the Crown, without there being an accuser, and says that he is in fault* and that the King suspects him ; it ought to be awarded unto him that he defend himself [by six compurgators], himself the seventh; and if he is cast, he is in just the same plight as he would have been in 1 See the Glossary. 2 Threefold. 3 The ' seventh,' according to B. I. Pt. H. c. XV. (page 58) of Liber Albus, there being eighteen com purgators, six sworn at a time. 4 I.e. in wager of battle. 5 But see page 57 of Liber Albus, where it says that in the Great Law, the accused has to make oath six times ; i.e. before each six of his jurors, or compurgators. Pi II.] THE MODE OF HOLDING FOLKMOTES. if he had had an accuser against him ; that is to say, if as against his accuser he had been east, so as to incur amerce ment of property, it would be the like in this case ; and the same as to his Were of one hundred shillings : and so, if he had been cast to peril of life or limb, it would be the like in this case. Chapter LXIII. Of holding the Folkmotes. Page 118. There are three principal Folkmotes in the year. One is at the Feast of Saint Michael, to know who shall be Sheriff, and to hear the charge. The second is at Christmas, to arrange the 1 Wards. The third is at the Feast of Saint John [24 June], to protect the City from fire, by reason of the great drought. If any man of London neglects to attend at one of these three Folkmotes, he is to forfeit forty shillings to the King. But by the law of London, the Sheriff ought to enquire after him whom he shall think proper, that is to say, whether he is there or not. And if there be any one who is not there, and he is there enquired after, such person ought to be summoned to the Hustings, if he is bound to abide by the law of the City. If the good man says that he was not summoned, the same must be known through the bedel of the Ward. If the bedel says at the Hustings that he was summoned, [even] where it is proved that the bedel has no other witness, no [wit ness] needs he have, save only the great bell that is rung for the Folkmote at St. Paul's. 2 [The laiu as to Weavers and Fullers.] Page 119. 1 For the purpose, probably, of duly keeping watch and . ward throughout the winter. 2 The whole of this passage has been inserted by mistake, and, after writing a few lines, the transcriber has become aware of his error and has stopped short. It is given in Liber Custumarum, folio 72. b. ; see pp. 130 and 552 of that Volume. F. 37. a. 16 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. THIRD BOOK. PART THE FIRST. F.i82.b. Of Deeds and Testaments enrolled, and of Examina tions of Women, Page 180. Item, where a reversion or a rent is devised by testament enrolled of record in the Hustings, the same reversions and rents pass forthwith after the death of the testator ; so that those to whom such rents are devised can distrain for the rent and make avowry [as to the same]. And those in 1 reversion can sue their writ of Waste at their pleasure, and without attornment by the tenants ; and they can plead by the same enrolments, if it be necessary, even though they have not the said testaments in hand. And the same custom holds good as to deeds, inden tures, and other writings, enrolled of record in the Hustings. And such enrolments have been used from all time ; so the testaments be proclaimed and proved in full Hustings, as is already 2 mentioned. And deeds and indentures, and other writings under seal, may be received, and cognizances and confessions of women as to the same, recorded, before the Mayor and one Alder man, or before the Recorder and one Alderman, or before two Aldermen, if necessary, as well out of Court as in ; so that the said deeds, indentures, and other writings so acknowledged, be afterwards entered and enrolled at some [Court] of Hustings, and the fees paid for the same, as the manner is. 1 Perhaps more strictly ' remain- 'der.' 2 In reference, probably, to a prior passage in the document from which the present passage is extracted. prl.] HUSTINGS FOR PLEAS OF LAND. 17 Of Courts of Hustings. Page 181. F.i83.a. Be it made known, that all lands and tenements, rents and services, within the City of London and the suburbs thereof, are pleadable at the Guildhall in the same City, at the two Hustings ; of which the one Hustings is called "Hustings of Pleas of Land," and the other Hustings is called " Hustings of Common " Pleas;" and which Hustings are holden in the said Guildhall, before the Mayor and Sheriffs of the same city, upon the Monday and Tuesday in each week ; that is to say, upon Monday, for demanding appearance of demandants, and for the award of nonsuits, and the allowing of essoins ; and upon Tuesday, for the award of defaults, and for pleading, — certain seasons and Feast- days excepted, as well as other reasonable causes, at which times no Hustings can be held, by usage of the city aforesaid. It should also be known, that the Hustings of Pleas of Land must be held one week apart by itself, and that of Common Pleas the next week apart by itself, upon the days aforesaid : but the enrolments and titles of the said Hustings make men tion of Monday only. In Hustings of Pleas of Land are pleaded Writs of Right Patent, directed to the Mayor and Sheriffs of London ; in the case of which writs, such is the pro cedure by the custom of the City ; that is to say, the tenant or tenants shall first have three summonses, at the tenements [so] demanded, to the three Hustings of Pleas of Land next ensuing after delivery of the writ, and that without demanding [presence of] the tenants at any of the Hustings aforesaid : and after the three summonses completed, [they shall have] three essoins at the three other Hustings of Pleas of Land then next ensuing. And at the next Hustings after the third essoin, if the tenants make default, process shall be made against them by Grand Cape; or by Petit VOL. in. B 18 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. Cape, after appearance made; and other process, as at Common Law. And if the .tenants appear, the demandants shall declare against such tenants in the nature of whatever writ they shall please (certain writs excepted, which are pleadable [only] at the Hustings of Common Pleas, as will be set forth hereafter), without protestation being made that they will sue in the nature of any writ [in particular]. And the tenants shall have * View, and shall be essoined after View had, as at Common Law. The tenants shall also have essoin after each appearance, by custom of the City. And if so be that such writ is abated after the View, by exception of joint-tenancy or other dilatory exception, and another like writ is revived, the tenants, according to the cus tom of the City, shall have View upon the second writ, the View before had to the contrary notwithstanding. And if the parties plead for judgment, judgment shall be given by mouth of their Recorder ; and six Aldermen, at the least, are wont to be present at each such judgment given. And each bedel of the City, by notice of his Alderman, against each Hustings of Pleas of Land, shall cause to he summoned twelve men having freeholds, of the best and most sufficient of his Ward, to come to the Guildhall to pass upon Inquests if necessary, if there be so many persons holding land in the said Ward. And if the parties pleading proceed to Inquisition, then the Inquest shall be taken by persons holding land, having at least one freehold in the same Ward in which the tenements are situate, or in the three other Wards that are nearest to the place where the tenements are ; so that four suffi cient men of the same Ward where the tenements are situate be sworn upon the same Inquest, if there be so 1 See the Glossary, s.r. ' View.' PH.] HUSTINGS FOR PLEAS OF LAND. 19 many. And by custom of the City, no damages are recoverable upon any such Writ of Right patent. And the Inquest may pass upon the same day by such common summons of the bedel, if the parties be at issue and the jurors attend. And if otherwise, process shall be made to cause the Inquest to appear at the Hustings of Pleas of land next ensuing, by precept of the Mayor directed to the Sheriffs. And the Sheriffs shall act ministerially, by command of the Mayor, in serving IU83.0, writs and in making execution thereon, notwithstand ing that the original writ be directed to the Mayor and Sheriffs in common. And be it known, that as well the tenants as the demandants may appoint their attorneys at such pleas. And if the demandants de clare against the tenants in the nature of a Writ of Right, and the parties proceed to Inquisition as to the lesser right, then shall the Inquest be taken by four- and-twenty, in the nature of a Grand Assize, according as the usage demands ; provided always, that six of the Ward wherein the tenements are situate, if there be so many of the same Ward, be upon such Inquest of four-and-twenty. And the tenants, in the case of all such writs, may vouch to warranty within the said city, as also in a * foreign county, upon deed shown. If the vouchees hold no tenements within the City, and if the tenants in such writs vouch to warranty in a foreign county, — in which case process cannot be made against the vouchees by the law of the said city — then the record shall be brought before the Justiciars of the Common Bench, at the suit of the demandant ; and there process shall be made against the vouchee. And when the question of voucher shall be determined in the said Bench, then the whole suit shall be re manded to the Hustings, there to be proceeded with in the pleadings according to the custom of the said city, " I.e. in the sense of, not within the liberties ofthe City. B 2 20 LIBER ALBUS, [B. Ill, and according to what in certain Statutes is more fully contained. And also, if the tenants in such writs plead in bar a release bearing date in a foreign county, or plead other foreign matter that cannot be tried within the said city, then the demandant shall cause process to be removed into the King's Court, for trial of the said matter where it is [so] alleged ; and according to what is there found, the suit shall be remanded to the Hustings, there to be proceeded with according as the case demands. During the whole of the mean time, the plea shall surcease in the Hustings, in the same manner as has been done heretofore. And also, it has been the usage heretofore that a man might sue at the Hustings of Pleas of Land to have execution upon certain judgments given at the Hustings ; and this by bill in the nature of ' { Scire facias, without writ. And be it known, that the summonses which are to be made upon the tenants in such Writs of Right, may be made two or three days before the said Hustings, or on the Sunday next before such Hustings. F.i83.b. Of Hustings of Common Pleas. Page 184. In Hustings of Common Pleas are pleadable Writs called 2Ex Gravi Querela, to have execution of tene ments by virtue of testaments enrolled of record in the Hustings, Writs of Dower 3 Unde nihil habet, Writs of Gavelet as to customs and services due in place of 4 Cessavit, Writs of Error on Judgments given before the Sheriffs, Writs of Waste, Writs 5De Participation ' " You are to make known." | * " He has ceased " to perform 2 " On Grievous Complaint." j his services. 3 "Of which she has nothing." | 5 " Of making Partition." pi I.] PROCEDURE ON WRIT OF DOWER. 21 faciendd between parceners, Writs of l Quid Juris clamat and of 2 Per qum Servitia, and other such Writs as are closed and directed to the Mayor and Sheriffs ; and also, Writs of Replegiare as to 3naams and dis tresses wrongfully taken are pleadable before the Mayor and Sheriffs, at the same Hustings of Common Pleas, upon plaint made without writ. And be it made known, that the same Sheriffs are ministers to act officially and to serve all the said Writs and 4 Replegiare by pre cept of the Mayor directed to the said Sheriffs : and the process is such ; — ¦ In the first place, of Writs Ex Gravi Querela notice shall be given to the tenants ; that is to say, two or three days before the Hustings, or on the Sunday be fore, as in Pleas of Land ; and so shall it be done as to all other summonses touching the same Hustings. And if the notice be made and witnessed by the Sheriff or his officers, the tenants may be essoined once. And if the tenants make default, on the said notice being attested, then shall be awarded the Grand Cape; and if they appear, they may be essoined and have the 5 View. And upon this, all the other pro cess shall be fully made, as is mentioned in reference to Writs of Right patent in Hustings of Pleas of Land. F. 181. a. Writ of Dower. Page 18-5. Item, in Writ of Dower Unde nihil habet, the te» nants shall have at the beginning three summonses, and, after the three summonses, one essoin ; and then they shall have the View, and, after the View, one F. 184 a, 1 "What Right he claims." - " By what Services.'' 3 See the Glossary, s.v. ' Neyme.' * Order to make replevin, or re delivery of pledges. 5 By a jury, of the property in dispute. 22 LIBER ALBUS. [B- III. essoin. And in such Writ of Dower the tenants shall have the View, although they entered through the hus band of the demandant, and also, notwithstanding that the husband died seised. And also, the tenants may vouch to warranty, and after each appearance may be essoined ; and all the other process shall be made as in Writ of Right in Hustings of Pleas of Land. And if the demandant recovers dower against the tenant, by default made or by judgment of law on. such Writ of Dower, and the same female demandant alleges in a Court of Record that her husband died seised, — then the Mayor shall command the Sheriffs, by precept, to have summoned an Inquest of the venue where the tenements are, against the next Hustings of Common Pleas ; for enquiry if the husband died seised, and as to the value of the tenements, and the damages. And if she recovers ' upon Inquisition, inquisition shall be held as to the damages by the same Inquest. F.i84a. 0/ Gavelet. Page 186. Item, in Writ of Gavelet the tenants shall have three ^summonses and three essoins ; they shall also have the View, they may vouch to warranty both denizen and foreigner, and they shall be essoined, and shall have the other exceptions : and all other process shall be made as before declared under Writ of Right in Hustings of Pleas of Land ; save that, if the tenant makes default, then after default the demandant shall have judgment to recover and to hold for a year and a day ; upon condition, that the tenant may appear within such year and day next ensuing, and make compensation for the arrears, and find such surety as the Court shall award lawfully to pay the rent or ser vice thereafter, and so receive back his tenements. And within such year and day, the tenant may appear Pt I.] PROCEDURE ON WRIT OF WASTE. 23 and make the demandant appear in Court by Scire facias ; and he shall receive back his tenements, upon doing as already said. Scire facias. Page 186. Just a. And if the tenant does not appear within such year and day, as is already mentioned, then after such year and day the demandant shall have a Scire facias against the tenant, to appear and make answer if he knows aught to say why the said demandant should not recover the tenements wholly to himself and his heirs for ever. And if the tenant does not appear, or if he appears and knows not what to say, then judg ment shall be that the demandant shall recover the tenements wholly for ever, according to the judgment called ' * Sharif ort,' by custom of the City aforesaid. Writ of Waste. Page 186. r.ma. In Writ of Waste, process shall be made against the tenants by summons, attachments, and distresses, according to the Statute in that behalf made. And if the tenant appears and pleads, then he shall have one essoin, and the same after each appearance ; and if he makes default upon the Grand Distress, then instructions shall be given to the Sheriffs by precept of the Mayor, — to the effect that the said Sheriffs shall go to the place wasted, and make Inquisition as to the waste and damages, according to the Statute ; and that they shall return the Inquisition at the next Hustings of Common Pleas. And the plaintiff shall recover the place wasted, and damages, threefold by the 8 Statute. 1 See the Glossary. | s Of Gloucester, 6 Edward I, c. 5: 24 LIBER ALBUS. . [B- HI. F.i84b. Writ of Error. Page 187. Item, in Writ of Error as to judgment given in Court before the Sheriffs in personal actions, and in Assize of Novel Disseisin or Mort d' Ancestor taken before the Sheriffs and Coroner, the Writ of Error shall be directed to the Mayor and Sheriffs ; and the Mayor shall issue a precept to the Sheriffs to cause the record and process to be brought before the next Hustings of Common Pleas, and to cause notice to be given to the parties to [appear and] hear the record. And after that the record and process shall have been brought into the Hustings, whether the defendant appears upon notice or makes default, the errors shall be assigned, and there the judgment shall be affirmed or reversed according as the law demands. And be it made known, that by usage of the said city, when a man is condemned in debt or attainted of damages in any personal action before the Sheriffs, and brings such Writ of Error, the person who so brings the writ ought and has been wont, before being deli vered from prison, to find sufficient surety by persons residing within the same city, before the Mayor and Sheriffs, for paying the money or having his body ready in case the judgment is affirmed. And so it shall be done, where damages are recovered in Assizes before the Sheriffs and Coroner. F.i84b. Replegiare. Page 188. Item, in Replegiare the process is such.— If any man takes a distress on another's ground within the said city, he to whom the goods belong may come to one of the Sheriffs, and shall have an officer by command of the Court, to go to the party who has taken the goods ; and, if he can have View thereof, to appraise Pr I.] PROCEDURE ON WRIT OF REPLEVIN. 25 the same goods by two reputable men. And then a plaint shall be entered on the Sheriffs' paper to this effect, — " Such person makes plaint against such person " as to his distresses unjustly taken in his house, or " in his freehold, in such a parish;'' and the same party shall there find two sufficient pledges to pro secute his suit and to make return of the goods, or the value, in case return thereof shall be awarded ; and so he shall have delivery made thereof. And the parties shall have a day named beforehand at the next Hust ings of Common Pleas. And then at the said next Hustings of Common Pleas, the Sheriff shall prepare a bill containing the whole matter and the plaint, and shall carry the same bill to the said Hustings, and there it shall be put upon the file, and the parties shall be demanded ; upon which day the one and the other may be essoined by common essoin : and upon such day, if the plaintiff makes default, return of the goods shall be awarded to the ' avowant ; and return in such case is awardable by the custom three times, and at the third time [the goods are] irreplevisable. And then the avowant may have an assize of the same rent, even though he was never seised of the said rent before. And upon occasion when the avowant makes default, then it shall be awarded that the distresses shall re main with the plaintiff, — " to wit, let the distresses so " remain" — [but] without recovery of any damages. And if so be that the Sheriff cannot have View of the distress taken, then he shall certify the same at the said Hustings, and there shall 2 Withernam be awarded, and thereupon process shall be made. And if the parties appear, and avowry is made, and they plead for judgment or for issue by Inquisition ; then shall judgment be given or process made to summon 1 The person who avows or admits I 2 A Writ so called. See the that he has made the distress. | Glossary. 26 LIBER ALBUS. [b. III. the Inquest, according as the case demands : and after each appearance the parties may be essoined. And if a party claims property in the distress, then let him certify the same at the Hustings, and process shall be made, upon precept made to the Sheriffs, to try such right of property, etc. And in case a party is essoined of the 1 King's Service in Replegiare, and at the day which he has by essoin makes default or does not bring his warranty, he shall incur no penalty thereby. F-i85.a. Writ of Partition. Page 189. Item, in Writ 2De Participatione faciendd, for making partition between parceners of tenements in London, a close writ shall be directed to the Mayor and Sheriffs, setting forth the matter according to the form of such writ ; and the parties shall have notice by precept of the Mayor directed to the said Sheriffs. And the tenants may be essoined ; and if they appear, they may plead their case ; and if they make default, partition shall be awarded by default, according to the custom of the City. F.iss.a. Of Return by the Bedels. Page 189. Item, each bedel of the said city, by notice of his Alderman, against each Hustings of Common Pleas shall cause to be summoned six freeholders, of the best and most sufficient of his Ward — if there shall be so many persons holding land in the said Ward — , to appear at the Guildhall aforesaid; to pass upon Inquest if required. And the Inquisitions shall be taken as is already mentioned under Hustings of Pleas of Land, •One ofthe five legitimate.es- I °- " Of making Partition. " soins, or excuses for non-appearance. | PH.] ASSIZE OF NOVEL DISSEISIN. 27 Writ of Exigent. Page 190. f. iss.a. Item, Writs of Exigent are demandable at the Hust ings, as well Hustings of Common Pleas as Hustings of Pleas of Land. But such Exigents as are demanded at' the one Hustings shall not be demanded at the other Hustings. And at the fifth Hustings, outlawries and ' waiveries shall be awarded in full Hustings, before the Mayor and Aldermen, by mouth of the Recorder ; and also, all judgments that are given at the Hustings shall be given in the same manner. And the same Exigents after each Hustings shall be counter-enrolled and sent to the Chamber of the Guild hall aforesaid. Of Amercements. Page 190. F.iss.a, Item, be it made known, that all amercements in cident to the said Hustings pertain unto the Sheriffs of the said city. Of the Aldermen. Page 190. F.iss.a. Item, the Aldermen of London shall be summoned to come to the Hustings ; and they ought, by usage of the said city, to be summoned by an officer of the Sheriff, mounted upon a horse of the value of one hundred shillings at least. Of Assizes of Novel Disseisin, called " Fresshforce." F.ise.a. Page 195. Item, the Assizes of 2 Novel Disseisin, called " Fresshe- " force," as to lands, and tenements, and rents, in the City 1 " Waivery " was the outlawry I " I.e. of disseisin of lands made of a female. I at a recent period. 28 LIBER ALBUS. [B- HI. of London, and disseisins made therein within the forty weeks, arc holden and terminable before the two Sheriffs and the Coroner of the said city in common, every Saturday at the Guildhall, except at certain times when for reasonable causes such Assizes cannot be held. And the process therein is such ; that is to say, when any man feels himself aggrieved and that he has been disseised of his freehold in the said city or the suburbs thereof, he shall come to any Hustings, held at the Guildhall, or, in default of such Hustings, to the Congregation of the Mayor and Aldermen in the Chamber of Guildhall, upon any Monday, and shall there present a bill. And such bill shall be as follows ; — " Such a person makes plaint of intrusion against " such a person, as to his freehold, in such a parish of " London, situate in London, or in such a parish in " the suburbs of London," and the same bill shall be enrolled. And another bill De Intrusione shall be prepared thereupon by the Common Clerk of the City, making mention of the title of the Hustings or of the day of Congregation of the Mayor and Aldermen, [and] containing all the first bill : and' this bill so made by the Common Clerk, shall then be sent to the Sheriffs or to one of them, to make process and do right as towards the parties. And then, when the bill shall have been so served, on the Wednesday next ensuing, namely, the officer of the Sheriff to whom the bill is delivered shall cause to be summoned the tenant or tenants named in the said bill of Assize, upon view of two freemen of the City, and that at the "tenements as to which the disseisin is made, or at the tenements from which the rent [with held] is alleged to be forthcoming. And there the tenants shall be told that they must keep their day at the Guildhall on the Saturday then next ensuing, at their own peril ; and the names of the two summoners shall be endorsed upon the bill. And then the plain- Pt I.] ASSIZE OF NOVEL DISSEISIN. 29 tiff may sue to array the Assize and to summon the jurors against the said Saturday, or against some other Saturday afterwards, at his will. And so may the tenants sue for their deliverance, if they please ; and such summons shall be made on the Friday before the said Saturday. And the array of the panels of jurors shall be made by the Sheriffs and their officers, or else by the Mayor and Aldermen, if any one of the parties for reasonable cause shall think proper to pray the same. And after this, the said Assizes shall be pleaded and regulated, for the most part, as elsewhere at Common Law. And if a release bearing date in a foreign county, bastardy, or some other foreign matter that cannot be tried in the said city, be alleged at such Assizes, then the plaintiffs may sue to have the record removed into the Court of our lord the King, to try the matter there according as the case may demand. And when the matter shall have been determined in the King's Court, the entire process shall be remanded to the said F. iso. b. Sheriffs and Coroner, or to their successors, to be pro ceeded with according to the custom of the City, in such manner as has been done heretofore. And be it made known, that there is no discontinuance wrought in such Assizes, nor is there any mention made in the record of the mesne days between the Assize [first] brought and the day on which the Assize is [again] brought or judgment given, unless it be for some neces sary reason, or that such Assizes have been adjourned for especial causes. And when the Assizes are taken before the Sheriffs and Coroner, as aforesaid, and judg ment has been given thereupon, then shall such Assizes so determined be entered of record ; and afterwards, they shall be brought to the Chamber of the Guildhall, to remain in the Treasury there as of record. And be it made known, that no one may make entry into any 30 LIBER ALBUS. [B. Ill, tenements within the said city by force, or hold any tenement by force and arms, or to the disturbance of the peace. But if any such entry be made by force, then is such force to be ousted. And the parties then may come before the Mayor and Aldermen, and may there shew their case, their evidences, and their muni ments ; and there it shall be ordered by the said Mayor and Aldermen, at their discretion, which party shall be adjudged to be in possession for the time, and which shall be adjudged to enter suit; saving always unto the parties their answers and their advantages, by way of plea, before the Sheriffs and Coroner on holding the Assize. F.i86.b. Of Assizes of Mort d' Ancestor. Page 197. Item, Assizes of l Mort d' Ancestor are holden and terminable before the Sheriffs and Coroner of London, upon Saturdays, from fortnight to fortnight at the Guildhall, the process therein being this; — that is to say, the person who wishes to have such Assize, shall come to the Hustings or to a Congregation of the Mayor and Aldermen in the Chamber of the Guildhall, upon any Friday, in manner already mentioned as to the Assize of Fressheforce, and shall present a bill in the usual form of Assize of Mort d' Ancestor, according to his case, which bill shall be enrolled. And afterwards, the Common Clerk shall prepare another bill contain ing all the matter of the first bill, making mention of the title of the Hustings or of the day of Congrega- 1 " Death of Ancestor." This writ lay where a man's father, mother, brother, sister, or other near relation, had died seised of lands, and after such death a stranger entered, to the prejudice of the claimant. PH.] ASSIZE OF MORT D' ANCESTOR. 31 tion of the Mayor and Aldermen ; and this bill shall be sent to the Sheriffs, or to one of them, to serve the same according to custom. And the said bill shall be served by some serjeant or other officer of the Sheriff; that is to say, the said officer, on the Wednesday next after delivery of the bill, shall make summons to the tenants, at the tenements demanded, by witness of two freemen of the City, that they appear at the Guildhall on the Saturday then next ensuing, to hear the recognizance, if they think proper [so to do]. Against which Saturday the demandant may sue, on the Friday next before, to array and summon the jurors ; and the like after wards, against the [following] Saturdays, from fortnight to fortnight, at his will. And so also may the tenants sue, if they think proper, for their deliverance. And the arrays of the panels of such Assizes shall be made by the Sheriffs and their officers, or by the Mayor and Aldermen, if any one of the parties shall think proper upon reasonable cause to demand it, in manner as the usage is in the Assize of Fressheforce. And in such Assizes of- Mort d' Ancestor, the parties may essoin as at Common Law, and the tenants may vouch to warranty within the City, and also in a foreign county if the ! vouchee has no tenements within the City. And if the tenants plead a release bearing date in a foreign county, or other foreign matter that cannot be tried within the City, or if they vouch to warranty in a foreign county one who has no possessions in the- City, then, at the suit of the other party, the record shall be removed into the Court of our lord the King, by writ directed to the said Sheriffs and Coro ner ; and there shall such foreign pleas and foreign F, 18?. x vouchers be tried and determined, and then remanded to the said Sheriffs and Coroner, to continue and be proceeded with according to the custom of the City. 1 The party vouched by them, or called upon to support their title. 32 LIBER ALBUS. [B- IU. And 'continuance shall be made in such Assizes upon such preceding causes, as also upon other causes that are reasonable. And when the Assizes shall be termi nated, and judgment given thereupon, such Assizes shall be engrossed and entered of record by the said Sheriffs and Coroner, and then sent to the Guildhall, there to remain of record, in the same manner as Assizes of Fressheforce. f. is7. a. Of the Days of sitting of the Sheriffs' Court. Page 199. In the first place, be it made known that the said Sheriffs hold Courts of our lord the King before them, in the Guildhall of London, and pleas of debt of any sum whatever and of all other personal actions, at the suit of parties. And each of such Sheriffs holds his Court at the said Guildhall severally and by himself apart ; and that, upon plaints and declarations made before the one and the other of the said Sheriffs, as well in their own Compters as at the said Guildhall, according to the custom of the city aforesaid. And each of the said Sheriffs is wont to hold by himself, apart, two General Courts in the week ; as alio daily, for de liverance of foreigners and strangers, if necessary ; unless they be interrupted by Feast-days or other reasonable causes. F.w.a. Of Capias. Page 199. And it is the usage for the clerks and officers of the said Sheriffs, forthwith upon plaint made, to award Capias and other process against defendants, upon testi mony of Serjeants of the said office thereunto deputed, 1 I.e. there shall be no discon- | reason of its being taken in the in- tinuance or surcease in the suit, by | terim before another Court. TH.] WRIT OF CAPIAS. 33 as well at the said Compters as at the Guildhall. And it is the usage to award Capias in plaints of Debt, Account, [and] Covenant, and in all other personal actions whatsoever. Further as to Award of Capias. Page 199. I'-187 a And the person who is so arrested, at the suit of a party for debt or other personal action, may find 'mainprise at the said Compters or elsewhere, before the Sheriffs or their clerks thereunto deputed, that he will appear at the next Court holden at the said Guildhall before the same Sheriff before whom the plaint has been made ; upon condition that, if the defendant does not appear at the said next Court to keep his day, then he shall be condemned in the debt in the said plaint contained ; save that the plaintiff, if he be present, or can conveniently be made to appear in Court, shall be examined on his oath as to what sum is clearly due to him, and on what grounds : beyond which sum found due upon such examination, the plaintiff shall recover nothing, except his damages, which shall be adjudged to him upon taxation by the Court, or by Inquest, if it be necessary. And if the defendant be not found, then shall the mainpernors be taken and charged with the debt and damages aforesaid. That the person arrested may find Mainpernors. p. ist. a. Page 200. And if it be a plaint of trespass, of battery, of seizure of goods, or other personal action where a person should recover damages; if the defendant makes default, — in such case, after he has been arrested and has found mainprise, as before mentioned, he shall be adjudged as 1 Bail, or security for his future appearance., VOL. III. C 34 LIBER ALBUS. [B. Ill attainted ; and the plaintiff shall cause declaration to be made by bill as to the cause of suit, and the amount of such damages and such Lien. And upon this, an Inquest of office shall be summoned as to such lien, to tax the damages for the plaintiff. And if the defendant be not found, then the mainpernors shall be charged, as before. And if the Court can be clearly assured by the same Inquest, or upon sufficient examination of the plaintiff, that the defendant is not guilty, in such case the plaintiff shall recover nothing, notwithstanding the default. F. is7. a. Of the Mainpernors. Page 200. And when any such mainpernors are arrested and committed to prison, because their principals are not found ; nevertheless, at whatever time such principals can be found, and be placed in arrest at the suit of the mainpernors, then the said mainpernors shall be set at liberty. F.is7.b. Of the same. Page 201. Item, when a man is bodily arrested, and finds main prise to appear at his day ; or puts himself upon Inquest, or pleads for judgment, and finds mainpernors to wait until such suit is determined, according to the custom of the City ; still, at whatever time the chief mainpernors shall choose to come to the Court of Record, or to the Compter, in which the plea is pending, and surrender the body of him for whom they have so become main pernors, they shall be duly received, and shall from thenceforth be discharged of their mainprise. F-is7.b. Of Auditors. Page 201. And if a man is arrested on plaint of account, and finds mainprise to appear at the next Court, and makes default, then the mainpernors shall have notice to appear at the PH.] BREACH OF SEQUESTRATION. 35 next Court then to be held, and the plaintiff shall have the same day ; and then, if such mainpernors appear, auditors shall be assigned to take the account in presence of the plaintiff and the mainpernors. And the main pernors shall be heard, if they have aught to say in dis charge of the account. And if the mainpernors do not choose to appear, then the plaintiff shall recover his arrears upon examination and oath made by him. And in the same manner it shall be done, if the defendant is convicted in account by Inquisition held. Of Breach of Sequestration. Page 202. f. 187. b, And also, if plaint is made against any sufficient freeman, or against other sufficient man and resi ding within the City, then such defendant shall be summoned by any serjeant of the Sheriffs to appear at the Guildhall to make answer to the plaintiff, at the Court of the denizens : at which Court, if he makes default, he shall be amerced, and Grand Distress shall be forthwith awarded, by usage of the City ; and then it shall be awarded that the doors of the defen dant be shut and sealed, until such time as he shall be willing to appear, and make answer to the plaintiff. And at each Court of denizens that he shall be demanded and shall not appear, he shall lose his i issues. And if he breaks the sequestration, and the same is attested by the serjeant in Court, then it shall be awarded that the defendant be arrested bodily, and that he make fine for the contempt. And when he is so arrested he shall find sufficient sureties for his appear ance at the then next Court to answer the [other] party, under the penalty before limited where Capias is awarded. And if such . defendant makes several 1 The profits then due from the property held in sequestration. ' C 2 36 LIBER ALBUS. [B. Ill delays, and it is attested by the serjeant that the defendant is absconding or is non-sufficient* then shall Capias be awarded to take his body, or to arrest and appraise the goods of such defendant, as also for 'foreign attachment. F,i87.b. Of Essoins. Page 202. And if any parties appear and plead for inquest or for judgment, then they shall be ruled according to the usages of the City, without having any essoin in such personal actions, either before or after. And even if such defendant as has pleaded for Inquest make default after Inquest joined, nevertheless, if he afterwards appears when the Inquest is charged, he shall have his challenges of the jurors and shall set forth his evidences, such default made by Mm to the contrary notwithstanding, F.i87.b. Of Wager of Laiv. Page 203. And after the parties are at issue upon Inquest, such parties are not demandable unless the Inquest be summoned. But such Inquest may be summoned, as well at suit of the defendant as well as at suit of the plaintiff. And in plea of debt, the defendant may wage his law, by usage of the City, [in proof] that he owes nothing to' the plaintiff; that is to say, if he be a man enfranchised in the City or residing within such city, [he may wage his law] swith the seventh hand, himself named as one. And such de- 1 Seizure of any debts that may be due to him in the hands of other parties. 2 I.e. with seven compurgators or jurors on his behalf, himself being one ; such jurors or compurgators being frequently called ' hands.' PH.] WAGER OF LAW IN ACTIONS OF TRESPASS. 37 fendants m^y amake their law forthwith in Court upon such Taw being waged, if they have the persons ready ; or otherwise, they shall have a day named for making their law at the Court next ensuing. And if the defendant is a foreigner, a stranger, and P-i89.a. non-resident in the City, he may wage and make his law with the third hand forthwith, himself named as one, [to the effect that] he owes nothing to the plaintiff, and so be acquitted. And if he has not two men ready to 'make the oath with him, then the defendant, at the request of the plaintiff, must go, in the custody of a serjeant of the Court, to the six churches nearest to the Guildhall ; and in the same churches he must swear that the oath which he made in the Guildhall was good. And after this, the defendant shall be brought back to the Guildhall, and shall have his judgment of acquittal ; and the plain tiff shall be amerced. And in the same manner shall it be done in other personal actions where wager of law may be had. And where women in such cases are impleaded and wage their law, they may make their law with men or women, at their will. [Further] of Wager of Law. Page 204. F.iso.a. And if a man enfranchised in the City is impleaded by way of trespass for goods carried away, or for battery where no blood is shed or blow apparent, as ¦ also for any other trespass alleged to be against the peace, such freeman, so impleaded, may wage and make his law that he is not guilty, by usage of the City, with the seventh hand, in manner aforesaid. 1 I.e. produce their compurgators, | belief in the non-existence of the and put them upon oath as to their | debt. 38 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. F.i89.a. Of Executorship. Page 204. Item, actions of debt and of covenant are maintainable against executors and administrators, without 'specialty; and such executors and administrators, by usage of the said city, when they appear to make answer, may have their law with as many hands as the Court shall think proper to award, upon words to the effect that they know nothing of the debt, nor of the contract, nor of the covenant, and that they believe upon their con science that their testator at his death owed nothing to the plaintiff, and had broken no covenant with him ; and in such manner be discharged. And if a man is impleaded by plaint of debt for victuals consumed in the house of the plaintiff, or for the rent of houses hired, called ' house-hire,' in such case the defendant shall not have his law ; nor in such cases has any protection been allowed. p. 189. a. The case of a Wife trading alone. Page 204. And where a woman 2 coverte de baron follows any craft within the said city by herself apart, with which the husband in no way interferes, such woman shall be bound as a single woman as to all that concerns her said craft. And if the husband and wife are impleaded, in such case, the wife shall plead as a single woman in a Court of Record, and shall have her law and other advantages by way of plea just as a single woman. And if she is condemned, she shall be committed to prison until she shall have made satisfaction ; and neither the husband nor his goods shall in such case be charged or impeached. 1 A deed or writing nnder the | 2t Protected by a husband;' afl hand and seal of the parties. | old legal term for a married woman. PH.] PLAINT OF DEBT. 39 Of hiring Houses. Page 205. f. 189. a. Item, if a wife, as though a single woman, rents any house or shop within the said city, she shall be bound to pay the rent of the said house or shop, and shall be impleaded and sued as a single woman, by way of debt if necessary, notwithstanding that she was coverte de baron at the time of such letting, supposing that the lessor did not know thereof. Of Plea of Trespass. Page 205. F.is9.a. Item, if plaint of trespass is made against a man and his wife for trespass committed by the wife only, then the woman shall make answer alone [and] without her husband, if the husband does not appear ; and she shall have her plea as though she were a single woman. And if she is attainted of trespass, she shall be con demned and committed to prison imtil she shall have made satisfaction. Of the same. Page 205. F.i89.a, Item, if plaint of trespass is made by husband and wife as to battery committed upon the wife, in such case, the wife shall be received for herself and for her husband, to sue and recover damages as against the defendant, even though the husband be not present. Of Debt. Page 206. F.isg.a; Item, where plaint of debt is made against the hus band, and the plaintiff declares that the husband made the contract with the plaintiff by the hand of the wife of such defendant, in such case, the said defendant shall have the aid of his wife, and shall have a day until F.i89.b. 40 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. the next Court, for taking counsel with his wife ; and ' ' Idem, dies ' shall be given to the plaintiff. F.i89.b. How Freedom [is to be proved]. Page 206. And when any defendant, in a plea of debt or other personal action, wages his law as a freeman of the City, and the plaintiff demands how he is free, it be hoves the defendant to allege which he is, free by birth or by redemption ; and if he says that he is free by redemption, the plaintiff may claim that the defendant have his record at the next Court. And if he fails as to such record, then he shall be attainted and ad judged convicted in the cause. And if the defendant alleges that he is free by birth, the plaintiff may say that he was not born within the City ; and the same shall be enquired into by Inquest taken within the said city, from the place in which the defendant shall think proper to allege that he was born. And this issue is peremptory. F.isg.b. Of Contribution. Page 206. Item, where two or more are [jointly] bound yithin the City by obligation of debt, and each of them in the entirety, if one of such obligors pays the entirety, or if the person in favour of whom the obligation is made sues within the said city and recovers the debt against one of such obligors only, then the one who has paid the debt, or is so condemned, may sue the other obligors by plaint of debt, jointly or severally, to make contribu tion ; that so each shall pay in proportion according to the usage of the City ; saving to the parties their reasonable answers. 1 ' The same day.' The technical name ofthe respite. PH.] FOREIGN ATTACHMENT. 41 Of Foreign Attachments. Page 207. F.is9.b. Item, when plaint of debt is made before one of the said Sheriffs, and it is testified by the officer that the defendant has not sufficient assets in the City, and allegation is made by the plaintiff that the defendant has goods and chattels, or debts in other hands or in other keeping within the said city ; and it is prayed by the same plaintiff that such goods and chattels may be arrested and the debts stopped ; then, at the suit and suggestion of such plaintiff, such goods and chattels, wherever they may be found within the City, shall be arrested, and the debts stopped in the hands of the debtors, at peril of the plaintiff. And upon this, the plaintiff shall continue his suit at four Courts before the same Sheriff before whom the plaint was [first] alleged, until such time as the defen dant shall have been four times demanded ; and if the defendant does not appear at the fourth Court, and has made four defaults, then the defaulter's goods and chattels, so arrested, shall be appraised and delivered to the plaintiff; and if the goods be not of the same value as the debt, then the debts stopped in the hands of the debtors shall be levied and delivered to the said plaintiff, up to the amount in demand. And such arrests of goods and stoppages of monies are called " Foreign Attachments," according to the custom of the City. And upon this, the plaintiff shall find sufficient surety to the Court by pledges, before delivery is made to him ; the condition being, that he shall make restitution to the defendant of all the goods and chattels so taken, or of the value thereof, and of the monies as to which he has so had execution, if so be that the defendant comes to the Court within a year and a day next ensuing, and is able to discharge and justify himself by law, to the effect that he owed nothing to the plaintiff at the time of the 42 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. plaint being made. And [if] the same defendant shall think proper to appear within the year and day, as before-mentioned, to justify himself and to plead with the plaintiff, then he shall have a Scire facias out of the same [Court of] Record against the party who has had such execution, to give him notice to appear at the next Court, if he know aught to say why resti tution shall not be made in manner aforesaid. And if he against whom the Scire facias is so sued has such notice, and makes default, or if it is testified that he has nothing within the City, aor that he can receive notice, and he does not appear at the next Court, then the person who sued the Scire facias shall have restitution of all the goods and chattels so taken, or else of the value thereof; as also, of all the monies of which the [other] party had delivery, by reason of f. iso. a. sucn Foreign Attachment. In the same manner he shall have restitution, if he can discharge himself by way of plea. And in the same manner shall restitution be made, in due proportion, if the defendant can discharge him self by way of plea of a part of the debt, even though he shall not be able to discharge himself of the whole. And if the party who has had such execution has not a sufficiency to make restitution in manner aforesaid, then his said pledges shall be charged. And if he against whom such foreign attachment is made does not appear within the year and day to justify himself, as already mentioned, then shall he be foreclosed from thenceforth. And be it made known, that if, during such Foreign Attachments, any other person comes into the Court of Record before the fourth default is recorded, or before execution is sued, and is ready to prove that the goods arrested were his own goods at the time of such arrest being made, and still 1 This passage is apparently imperfect ;— ' cannot receive notice ' is probably the meaning. Pt I.] FOREIGN ACQUITTANCE ALLEGED. 43 are so, and not of him as being whose goods they were arrested, and that the same person as being whose goods they were arrested had no right of property in the said goods, nor any other person, except himself, to the amount of four pence, then he shall be put to his proof, and shall make oath in manner * aforesaid, by his own hand, etc. ; and he shall have delivery of all such gbods so arrested, or of part of them, accord ing as he shall have made proof [in reference thereto]. Of the same. Page 209. f. ioo. a. And so too, a servant shall have proof as to the goods of his master which are in his charge, according to the discretion of the Court. And also, if the de fendant in such Foreign Attachment comes into Court at the fourth default recorded, or before, he shall be admitted to plead with the plaintiff; and in the same manner he shall be admitted, if he comes before exe cution sued, provided the plaintiff be present in Court or otherwise have notice. And in the same manner, in such cases of Foreign Attachment, those in whose hands any goods are so arrested upon suggestion of plaintiffs, and those in whose hands any monies are stopped, may come into a Court of Record before the same Sheriffs, and be excused and discharged upon oath by them made, to the effect that they had no such goods in their charge, and that they owed no money to such defendants, at the time that such ar rests and stoppages were so made [as to the property] in their hands. Of Foreign Acquittance or Release alleged. Page 209. F.190.& Item, where a man is impleaded before one of the Sheriffs of London by plaint of debt, and the plaintiff 1 Alluding probably to the oath j party had no other hands, or corn- made at the six churches, where the | purgators. See page 37, ante: 44 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. produces an obligation bearing date in London, in proof of the debt so due to him, whether the said obligation be simple, or endorsed, or made by indentures there upon, in such case, by usage of the City, the defendant shall not be admitted to plead any acquittance or re lease by the plaintiff bearing date in a foreign county, or any payment there made, or condition or other matter, but only such matter as can be enquired into and tried in the same city. And if any defendant, in such case, pleads any such acquittance or release, or alleges any payment made or other matter done in a foreign county, out of the said city, ' to oust the Court of its jurisdiction, and such defendant thinks proper to say nothing else, he shall be barred for default of an swer. But if so be that the endorsement of the obli gation, or the indentures made thereupon, make express mention of making or performing any condition or other matter elsewhere out of the City, and such matter is alleged by the defendant, then the Court shall surcease, and the plaintiff shall be told to sue at Common Law. And after the same manner is the usage in plaint of trespass. And in other personal actions as to bar gains and contracts made in the said city, the de fendants shall not be admitted to plead or allege any matter out of the said city, but only such matter as can be enquired into and tried within the same city. Of an Obligation without date at a certain place. Page 210. Item, where an obligation is proffered which bears date at no certain place, and the plaintiff in declaring alleges that the said obligation was made in a certain F.i9o.b. Parish in tbe City of London, and the defendant on his part alleges that such obligation was made in a certain place without the City, and is ready to "prove the same, and therewith pleads foreign matter as to PH.] ALLEGATION OF PART-PAYMENT. 45 the same in avoidance of the said obligation ; while the plaintiff tenders to make proof by the 'country that the said obligation was made within the City of London, in such manner as he has declared ; in such case, it is the usage to take the Inquisition in London, from the Parish wherein the plaintiff has declared that such obligation was made, if the plaintiff prays to that effect. And if it be found that the obligation was made in London, as the plaintiff has alleged by his declaration, then shall the defendant be condemned in the debt, and in damages to be taxed by the same Inquest. Of an Obligation with a double penalty. Page 211. F.i9o.b. Item, where an obligation is made with a double penalty by endorsement or by indentures, and the ob ligor is impleaded and acknowledges the obligation, and the day of payment has expired, as may be seen by the same obligation ; yet, nevertheless, the plaintiff ought to recover only the clear debt that is in arrear, and that by- oath of such plaintiff, or by lawful infor mation of his attorney, if the plaintiff be not present, and not the two-fold amount of the debt that is con tained in the said obligation ; and his damages shall be taxed for him by the Court according to the time that has expired, at its own discretion or else by In quest. And even though the defendant in such case, against such obligation made with a double penalty, plead that it is not his deed, or that he 2 has completed the days for payment contained in the endorsement or in the indentures made thereon, or other like matter, and put himself upon Inquest as to the same, and it be found against the defendant by verdict of such In- 1 I.e. by jurors. I perfect ; ' not completed ' would ¦ The passage is probably im- | seem to be the meaning. 46 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. quest ; still, the plaintiff shall recover nothing but that which is found clearly due by such Inquest, that is to say, the single debt and his damages as taxed by the same Inquest. And if an obligation in the single is produced, and the defendant acknowledges the obligation, and the day has expired and the defendant alleges that the plaintiff has been paid part of the debt ; then the plaintiff, at the request of the defendant, shall be ex amined upon his oath as to how much is in arrear; and in such case, the plaintiff shall recover nothing beyond what he shall be willing to swear is due and in arrear ; and his damages shall be taxed by the Court. And if, against such obligation made in the single, the defendant pleads that it is not his deed, and it is found that it is the deed of the defendant; still, the plaintiff shall recover nothing but what is found due by the Inquest, and clearly in arrear, and his damages as taxed by the same Inquest. And the defen dant in such case shall pay a fine for contradicting his own deed ; and in the other cases he shall be ' amerced. F.i9o.b. Of an Obligation 'on certain Conditions.' Page 212. Item, where an obligation is made for payment of a certain sum upon divers conditions to be performed, by endorsement or by indentures made thereon, and plaint is made thereupon, and the parties are at traverse and at issue upon some especial condition broken ; and it is found by Inquest, on wager of the parties, against the defendant, to the effect that he is so bound and that he has broken the said condition ; still, the plaintiff shall not recover the whole sum named in such obliga- 1 I.e. pay a more moderate sum | his own deed ; amercements being than that exacted for contradicting | on a more moderate scale than fines. PH.] ABSCONDING DEBTORS. 47 tion, but he shall recover such damages as he has sus tained by reason of such condition being broken ; and his damages shall be taxed by the same Inquest, and the obligation shall be saved to him, that he may avail himself of the other conditions thereafter. But as to this custom some are in doubt. Of an Acquittance alleged to be in distant parts. T.190.D. Page 212. Item, if an obligation of debt is produced and the defendant alleges that he has an aquittance or inden tures, or other matter under seal of the plaintiff, which would avail him and discharge him as against the plaintiff, if he had the same ready in hand ; and further says, that the said muniments are in a foreign county F.i9i.a, and out of the City, and is ready to make oath as to the same ; then the said defendant, after such oath made, shall have a day assigned by the Court to have ready his said muniments under seal at a certain Court thereafter, according to the distance from such place, and for this shall find sureties at his peril ; so that, if he appears on the said day given and produces the same deed under seal, [the existence of] which he alleged, he shall then be admitted to plead and to take his advantages by virtue of the same deed : and if he makes default on such day, or if he fails as to that which he has alleged, then he shall be condemned in the amount of the said obligation, and damages shall be taxed by the Court ; saving always, that the plaintiff or his attorney shall be examined as to [the amount of] the debt. Of Absconding [Debtors]. Page 213. F.wi.a. Item, if plaint of debt is made against a freeman and one resident within the City, where by law of the City he would have one summons by reason of his 48 LIBER ALBUS. [B. Ill, F, 191. a. freedom ; if the plaintiff comes to the Sheriff, and has brought with him six or four freemen of the said city, and men of credit, who are willing to bear witness that the defendant is absconding, and that he wishes to withdraw and absent himself ; then the said Sheriff, upon their testimony, may arrest the defendant by his body or by his goods, just the same as a foreigner. 1 Replegiare. Page 213. Item, the Sheriffs may hold before them pleas of seizure of naams in lieu of Replegiare, and avowry may be made and return awarded in such pleas, the same as in the Hustings, if the cause does not bear reference to a freehold. And such suit is called "2De " plaoito captionis et detentionis catallorum ;" and pledges shall be found to make return of the goods or of the value thereof, just as in Replegiare. Item, it is the usage in such personal actions before the Sheriffs, that upon the first day, when both parties appear and the plaintiff has declared against the defen dant, the same defendant shall make answer upon the same day, without having any further day to imparl : and in the same manner, if the defendant pleads any plea or alleges any matter against the plaintiff, the same plaintiff shall make replication forthwith, without having any further day to imparl; unless assent be given by the parties. Item, if any customs or usages are pleaded or alleged in the Sheriffs' Courts, as to which neither the Sheriffs nor their officers are fully informed, then such customs and usages shall be discussed by the Mayor and Alder men, and that, before judgment given thereupon. 1 This title, it will be seen, is hardly correct. As to naams, see the Glossary, s.v. 'Neyme.' 2 ' Upon plea of seizure and de tention of chattels.' PH.] RECOGNIZANCES TAKEN BY THE SHERIFFS. 49 And be it made known, that there is no adjournment made in the Sheriffs' Court, and no day given by pre vious notice ; but only that the parties are to keep their day at the next Court generally, unless such be not the case for some especial cause. Item, actions of debt are maintainable by usage upon simple grants, and assignments, and bailment, and covenant, made simply without specialty. Of a Sealed Tally. Page 214. F.i9i.a. Item, a sealed tally of debt by usage of the City is as binding as an ' obligation ; and in cases where plaint of debt is made, and such sealed tally is proffered in proof of the debt, the defendant shall not have his law in proof that he owes nothing, or any other matter, any more than against an obligation ; still, he shall be at liberty to assert that the day of payment is other than the plaintiff has declared. Of Recognizances to be taken by the Sheriffs. f. in. a. Page 215. Item, the Sheriffs of London are wont, and each of them by himself, to take recognizances of debt in their Courts as to any sum whatever ; and if the day of payment is expired and the money not paid, then, at the suit of. him to whom the recognizance was made, if it be within the year, all the goods and chattels of the recognizor found within the City shall be ap praised and delivered to such other party, up to the amount of the debt contained in the said recognizance, without 2 extending any land of the recognizor. And F.i9i.b. if the year be expired, then Scire facias shall be issued Or bond. I purpose of satisfying the plaintiff ' I.e. valuing his lands, for the I therefrom. VOL. III. D 50 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. against the recognizor, to appear if he knows aught to say why execution shall not be made of his goods, aa is already mentioned. F.191.b. Of Custody of Prisoners condemned. Page 215. Item, the Sheriffs may, by usage, keep any prisoners condemned before them, or committed to their keeping, [confined] as well at their houses where they are residing, and at their Compters, as in the common gaols; so that they be always kept in safeguard, and not going at large from out of the houses or of the Compters aforesaid. F.wi.b. Of Pleas between Merchant and Merchant. Page 215. Item, in plaints of debt and account, and other personal contracts made between merchant and mer chant, if the plaintiff declares that the defendant at any market-town, or at any place of merchandize within the realm, bargained for or bought of the same plaintiff any merchandize, or received his money for the pur pose of paying him, delivering, or rendering to him to account thereof, in any place within the City of London ; in such case, the defendant, according to usage, shall be put to his answer, notwithstanding that such contract was made out of the City ; and if the parties are at traverse and plead for issue thereon by Inquisition, then shall the Inquest be taken from people of the said city, that is to say, from merchants passing be tween the said city and the market-town where such contract is alleged [to have been made] ; to the intent that such merchants who are so passing may have 'notice of the said contract. ' The word ' notice ' may possibly mean ' previous knowledge ;' or it may mean, ' notice ' for the purpose of putting the merchants on their guard. PH.] OF ABSCONDING DEBTORS. 51 Of the same. Page 216. f. 191. b. Item, the Sheriffs of London have been wont for all time to hold pleas before them between any mer chants whomsoever, in cases where both parties are merchants, as to all bargains and personal contracts that concern merchandize, made beyond sea at any market-town or at any place of merchandize, where such bargains and contracts are made by express words as to payments for, or delivery of, merchandize, or as to rendering account in the said City of London. And in such case, if the parties have recourse to issue by Inquisition, then shall the Inquest be taken from persons residing within the said City, that is to say, from merchants passing to and fro, who are wont to pass beyond sea ; who may best have knowledge of the bargains and contracts aforesaid. And if any merchant-stranger and alien is a party to the plea, and such Inquisition has to be taken, then the alien merchant shall have a moiety of the Inquest of his own tongue. Of [a Debtov] withdrawing himself from the City. p. wl b. Page 216. Item, if a plaint of debt is made, and it is testified , by the officer that the defendant is not residing within the City, but that he has withdrawn himself and has removed his goods, and it is testified that he has lands or tenements within the said city ; then, at the suit of the plaintiff, after the fourth default, the same lands and tenements, by usage of the City, shall be 'extended and delivered to the said plaintiff, to hold the same upon the same extent until he shall have levied therefrom the monies that are due to him ; he finding I.e. valued, D 2 52 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. security duly to maintain the tenements, and also to repay the defendant the monies received therefrom in the meantime ; if so be that the same defendant shall come into a Court of Record within a year and a day after delivery made, and be able to discharge him self [by shewing] that he owes nothing to the plaintiff. F.i9i.b. Of Examination in a Personal Plea. Page 217. Item, the Sheriffs are wont to examine the parties in all personal actions that are pending before them, if either of the parties prays the same, and to proceed to judgment according to what has been found upon such examination. Item, where any personal action is pending before either of the said Sheriffs, and any matter is alleged by the defendant in bar of the action, or any material thing to delay the plaintiff, and the plaintiff puts himself upon the peremptory oath of the defendant, [in proof] that the plea or exception presented by the f. 192. a. same defendant is not true ; then the said defen dant, if he is in Court, or if he is resident in the City so as conveniently to appear at the discretion of the Court, shall be put upon his oath, if he will, that his plea or exception so made is good and true. And if he appears and refuses to make such oath, then he shall be held as though convicted in the cause ; and upon this, the plaintiff shall recover what is in demand according to what shall be ascertained by examination of such plaintiff, or by Inquest of office if need be. And if [the defendant] makes the oath, the plaintiff shall be cast in his suit. And in the same manner shall the plaintiff be cast in his suit or in his^ action, if he will not swear on his part that his suit, or such other matter as is alleged by him, is good and true. And if such oath is put to the plaintiff, and the plaintiff makes the PTI.] ACTION OF ACCOUNT. 53 oath, he shall recover by such oath, if the exception be material. And thus are such oaths peremptory on the one side and on the other, according to the matter in the exceptions. Of Default made after Mainprise. Page 218. F.ma. Item, if a man is arrested upon plaint of debt or for other personal action, and he finds mainprise to be ready to appear before the Sheriffs at the next Court, to make answer to the [other] party ; even if at such Court the defendant is demanded at the proper time to appear and save his mainprise, and he makes default, and such default is recorded ; still, if the same de fendant appears [at last], while the same Court is sitting, he shall be admitted to plead ; save that, in such case he has lost the advantage of waging his law, even though he might have had his wager of law had he appeared in due time. Note here — Of the Amendment of Bills. Page 218. F.i9ia. Item, where the parties appear in the Sheriffs' Court, it is the usage that the plaintiffs may amend their plaints and their bills at any time before the same parties are at issue, or have pleaded for judgment, in [such] Court of Record. Action of Account. Page 218. f. 192. a. Item, in an action of account before the Sheriffs, the plaintiff, by usage of the City, may not declare in any case that the defendant was his bailee, but that he was receiver of his monies or of his goods. Item, an action of account is maintainable by usage against a single woman, and against infants under age, if they are merchants or if they keep common shops for trade or for merchandize ; as also actions of debt, in the same manner, as to that which concerns their tradin" ot their merchandize. 54 LIBER ALBUS. [B, III. f. 192. a. Of Plaints removed out of the Sheriffs' Court. Page 219. Item, where pleas are pending before the Sheriffs, it has been the usage for all time, that the Mayor of London, for the time being, may send unto the Sheriffs to cause the suit and process to be brought before himself and the Aldermen, in order to determine and discuss the same suit before them ; or may remand the said suit before the same Sheriffs, that procedure may be continued according as the Mayor and Aldermen shall see proper to do ; * or he may command the Sheriffs to surcease the same at their own pleasure. F.i92.a. How that the Debtor may be arrested before the day contained in the Obligation, or for House-hire: Page 21.9. Item, when a debtor is bound within the said city by an obligation to pay a certain sum on a certain day to come, the which debtor was held to be suffi cient at the time when he entered into such obligation, and has since become a runaway or non-sufficient ; then, if the creditor comes before the Mayor or Sheriffs of the said city, making suggestion to such effect, and brings with him six or four trustworthy persons of the same city, who are ready lawfully to testify that the debtor wishes to withdraw himself and to remove his goods from the City, or that he is not of ability to make payment ; then the Mayor or one of the Sheriffs, before whom the suggestion is made, is wont to arrest the debtor, even though the day contained in the obli gation have not arrived, and to detain the same debtor F.i92.b. in prison, until such day of payment has arrived, or otherwise until he shall find pledges that he will await 1 The word 'et' seems here to have the force of 'or.' PH.] LANDLORDS PREFERENCE CREDITORS. 55 such day; as also, to arrest for house-hir"e before the day [on which it is due], if the tenant be about to abscond. Arrest of a man without a Serjeant. Page 220. *. 192. b. Item, if a freeman of the City finds his debtor sud denly within the same city, which debtor has before withdrawn himself or is about to abscond, and such debtor should wish to escape before the creditor can find an officer to make the arrest ; it is the usage in such case that the freeman himself, by aid of his neigh bours, without any officer, may arrest his said debtor and bring him to the office of one of the Sheriffs, and there make his suit as the law demands. Of Amercements. Page 220. F.mb. Item, touching the amercements to be taken upon plaints made in the Sheriffs' Courts, it is the_ usage, if the demands are for forty shillings or less, to take four pence for the amercement ; and if they exceed forty shillings, it is the usage to take -twelve pence for the amercement. Of Landlords. Page 220. v.m.h. Item, if a renter within the City be absconding or have withdrawn himself, for which his goods within his house are arrested or appraised at the suit of other parties, on plaint ; still, the lessor, called the ' land- ¦' lorde,' shall be before all others for rent of his house in arrear for two years ; and up to such amount shall the goods within the said house be seized in the same house on behalf of the said landlorde. And even though such a renter within the said city commit felony or other contempt, for which his goods and chat tels are liable to arrest or forfeiture, still, the lessor, by usage of the City, shall be awarded his rent in arrear 56 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. for two years, as aforesaid, from the goods found within the same house. F.i92.b. The notice that Tenants shall give unto their Landlords,' Page 221. Item, where tenants within the City hold at will, and wish to go out and give up possession of their houses, they shall give notice to the lessor before their departure ; that is to say, as to houses that are rented for forty shillings and under, notice shall be given one quarter before. And if the rent of the house exceeds forty shillings, the notice shall be given half a year before the departure, at peril of the tenant. And in the same manner shall notice be given unto the tenant, if the lessor wishes to be rid of the tenant. f. 192. b. Note here— Of electing execution at peril of the Plaintiff. Page 221. Item, when a man is condemned at the suit of a party in debt or in damages before the Sheriffs, the party who has so recovered may elect to have the body of him who is condemned committed to prison until he shall have made satisfaction, or to have execution of his goods, at his own peril. F.i92.b. Of receiving Mainpernors and Attorneys. Page 222. Item, sureties, and mainpernors, and attorneys, taken and received in the Compters of the Sheriffs, and other process there duly made, are held of Record as much as at the Courts holden in the Guildhall. F.i92.b. Qf Attorneys entered upon the Records by the Aldermen. Page 222. Item, every Alderman of London may by usage enter attorneys upon the Records in pleas pending in the Sheriffs' Courts and elsewhere, in the Hustings, and in the Chamber [of the Guildhall], PH.] CUSTOMS FOR SHOWAGE OF MERCHANDIZE. 57 Of days given for Inquests. Page 222. F.i92.b. Item, when Inquest is joined between parties and sworn before the Sheriffs in personal pleas, if the parties will assent thereto, the Court by usage may give a day unto [the men of] the Inquest, for them to advise upon their verdict until such future day, in such manner as the parties may agree upon ; and this, at peril of the plaintiff, if any juror change his mind or other matter arise in the meantime. Amercement of Jurors. Page 222. *. 192. b. Item, jurors who are summoned upon Inquisition are not amerced, even though they make default, in more than three pence ; but if they tarry a long time and are not willing to appear, the Sheriffs, according to usage, may close their doors to constrain them to come. Inquests of office not traversable. Page 223. F.i93.a. Item, Inquests of office that are taken by the She riffs, for enquiry into affrays and batteries committed against the peace, are by usage not traversable by new Inquests ; but at the suit of a party, each party shall have his answer, such Inquest of office notwith standing. And be it made known, that there are many other points and usages touching the Sheriffs' Courts ; wherefore no man can have remembrance of them all. Of Scavage. Page 223. f. 103. a. 1 Herein is contained of what merchandize coming into London Scavage ought to be taken on behalf of our Lord the King ; and how much ought to 1 These enactments are probably of the reign of Edward I. 58 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. be taken for each [kind.] Of which custom one half belongs unto the Sheriffs, and the other half to the hosts in whose houses the merchants are harboured, who bring the merchandize from which the Sca- vage arises ; provided always that such hosts be of the franchise of the City. And be it made known, that Scavage is so called as being a ' shewing ' ; because it behoves the merchants that they shew unto the Sheriffs the merchandize for which the custom is to be taken, before that any of it be sold. And be it made known, that as to all wares, for which custom shall be taken by the 'kark, such kark ought to weigh four hundredweight ; grain excepted, the which kark shall weigh three hundredweight; and pepper, the which kark shall weigh three hundredweight and a half. A kark of grain, of three hundredweight, is the only one that shall pay half a mark ; a kark of alum, weighing four hundredweight, shall pay sixteen pence. A kark of pepper A kark of sulphur - „ sugar >? ivory „ cummin - » cinnamon - ii almonds - j? incense j? 1 brasil n 1 pyoine - >> quicksilver >> anise V ginger a3 >> dates ' - :t 1 cetewale - a ¦S? 3; chesnuts jj liquorice 0 >> orpiment - HH ,, Make >> olive oil - K >, spices ;? ginger vermilion glass figs - raisins bread - rice - turpentine cotton J 3 shumac -j 3J whalebones 1 See the Glossary. PH.] SCAVAGE ON FINE GOODS. 59 Of Fine Goods. Page 224. And also, as to fine goods, if they come by the kark or half kark, or by the hundredweight or half hun dredweight, accordmg to the amount of the weight, twelve pence shall be taken for the kark. And wher ever a person has less than a kark of the other articles named, [the kark of] which ought to weigh four hundredweight, or than the kark of grain, which ought to weigh three hundredweight, or than the kark of pepper, which ought to weigh three hundredweight and a half, he shall pay a smaller sum, accordmg to the quantity of such merchandize. The pound of saffron shall pay one halfpenny, the half of which custom belongs to the Sheriff, and the other half to the host where it is harboured, he being a freeman of the City. F. 19S. a. The load of— \ mercery - wool of Spain 1 wadmal canvas - cloths and caps marten-skins - coney-skins - )^_ fur trimmings ^ woolfels - linen cloth fustian - felt1 lymere - The load of— pile X kersey 1 hapertas - raw textures and other articles coming from 1 Linoges squirrel-skins of Spain 1 parmentery shalloons and cloths of JReyns cloths of silk - I. h- 1 Of the same. Page 225. And he who has less than one load cording to the quantity of the thing silk shall pay one penny; a dozen / shall pay ac- A pound of of ' cordwain shall F. 193. b. F. 193. b. See the Glossary. 60 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. pay two pence ; a dozen of basil shall pay one penny- And be it remembered, that it is only for merchandize coming from beyond sea that the aforesaid Scavage ought to be taken: but for the articles of merchandize here-under written, nothing ought to be taken, for the reason aforesaid ; wax, for example, ' argoil, copper, tin, 2 grey-work, and other articles of merchandize which the merchants of Almaine bring, provided they do not bring those above-written ; that is to say, those which owe Scavage, as is before noticed. And be it made known, that Scavage ought to be taken for such articles of merchandize as come into the City by merchants 8who owe custom. F.i93.b. Of Pesage. Page 226. Unto Pesage it pertaineth, that each article of mer chandize that shall be sold by weight, when brought into the City by merchant-strangers, and sold in gross by the hundredweight or by half hundredweight, ought to be weighed by the King's beam ; in which case, the buyer shall pay unto the Sheriffs, for one hundred weight weighed, one halfpenny ; and for several hun dredweight weighed he shall pay no more, up to a thousand- weight, and then for such thousand- weight he shall pay one penny ; and for eleven hundredweight he shall pay three halfpence, and no more up to two thousand-weight ; and then, for such two thousand- weight weighed he shall pay two pence, and so on. And be it made known, that the buyer shall always at his own cost cause the King's beam and weights to be brought to the house where the vendor is harboured ; so that the vendor shall pay nothing to any one by reason aforesaid. 1 See the Glossary. I 3 Foreign merchants not privi- 2 See the Glossary s.v. ' Grys overe.' ! leged, and those not free of the City. PH.] CUSTOM PAYABLE FOR TRONAGE. 61 Of Tronage. Page 226. F'193-b- Unto Tronage pertain those things which are weighed by the King's tron, as also many things that are not weighed at all (that is to say, the custom due upon wine, woad, and other things) ': thus, for a sack of wool, three weys in weight, going out of London to the parts beyond sea, by merchants who owe custom, the Sheriff ought to have eleven pence [for Tronage] ; and if there is more wool contained in such sack than three weys and a half, or four weys, the Sheriff shall take for it for the sack no more than eleven pence. And if the merchant has several sacks of the said weight ejoino- out of the City, the Sheriff shall take for the first sack eleven pence, and for each of the others ten pence. For a sack of two weys going out of the City by merchants who are liable to custom, the Sheriff shall receive six pence. And if the merchant has several [such] sacks, then he shall take for the first sack six pence in manner aforesaid, and for each of the others five pence ; and if in a sack there is contained more than two weys, he shall take no more, unless it contain twelve cloves. But if it contains more than twelve cloves, then the Sheriff shall take for it as much as for a sack of three weys, that is to say,, eleven pence. And be it made known, that l worsted in sacks owes the Sheriff nothing, except in manner aforesaid ; that is to say, if in a sack of two weys the worsted weighs more than twelve cloves, then he shall take for the same eleven pence, in manner as is before stated. Of the Weighing of Wool. Page 227. f.im.u. The merchant may lawfully make his election not to weigh with the King's tron, if he pleases, and [in such case] he shall pay no more than has been stated. And 1 This is perhaps the meaning of ' cruturenne ;' though in no other instance has the word been met with. 62 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. if his wool has not been [so] weighed, he shall not pay less than the custom aforesaid. .p.im.» Of the Sale of Wool. Page 227. For wool that is to be sold in the City, even though it be brought by merchants who are liable to custom, [the Sheriff] ought not to have Tronage ; nor yet for lead, or for lard, or for other things that shall be weighed by tron. But at the will of the vendor and the buyer, they may be weighed by the 'other trons in the seld, and by whichever tron they may please. For each tun of wine coming into the City by merchants who owe custom, the Sheriff takes two pence. For each quarter of woad going out of the City, the Sheriff takes one halfpenny ; which thing [how ever] does not pertain unto Tronage. F.i94a. Of Wood. Page 228. It should also be known, that in ancient times no woad used to be harboured in the City, but all was sold in the vessels. In times that are [long] past, the merchants harboured their woad, renting the ware houses by leave of the Sheriffs. After this, in the time when Andrew BokereUe was Mayor, by assent of the greatest persons of the City, the merchants of 1 Amias, of Nele, and of Corby, obtained a letter sealed with the Common Seal of the City, by which it was granted unto them that they might at all times, and whenever they might please, harbour their woad, and for the same should pay unto the Mayor fifty marks sterling per annum ; that is to say, at the Fair of Saint Ives 25 marks, and at the Fair of Wyncestre 25 marks. And at a still later period, they were to pay one halfpenny for each quarter of woad, as is before stated. 1 Amiens ; these places are in I sively exported to this country, Picardy, whence woad was exten- I packed in large osier frails. PH..] RENT PAID BY THE PEOPLE OF COLOGNE. 63 Of the Custom of the Merchants of Normandy. v- 1M- a- Page 228. The merchants of Normandy pay a fine unto the Sheriffs for. leave to harbour their woad. But never theless, it was provided at the 1time when Thomas Fitz-Thomas and Matthew BokereUe were Sheriffs, — when they were making outrageous demands upon the merchants for the said leave, — that from thenceforth they should pay unto the Sheriffs seven shillings for each frail, for leave to harbour ; and at a still later period, one halfpenny for custom, as is before stated. Of Vessels with 2 bulwarks. Page 229. F.iM.a From every vessel with bulwarks that anchors in the Thames, the Sheriff takes two pence ; and even though she should anchor in several places, he shall take no more, if it so happen that she does not anchor within the limits of Queen-Hythe. And in such case, [the vessel] shall pay unto the Warden of that hythe two pence for custom. For the rent of the Cemetery that is called the ' New Cemetery,' the person who collects Scavage takes one mark per annum to the use of the Sheriffs, at the four terms of the year. [Of the ferm of the people of Cologne.] Page 229. F.i9i,a. For the ferm of the people of Cologne, that is to say, for the Hall of the Deneis, forty shillings are received per annum; at Easter and at the Feast [of Saint Michael], that is to say, for holding their own Court and having their own attachments in their Court, without aid of the Sheriffs. i A.D. 1257. I ' hocscip (or ' high ship,') of Flan- 2 The same, no doubt, as the | ders,' mentioned in folio 220. b. 64. LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. 1 Here are notified the customs that were wont to be taken for things coming into London or going out therefrom for sale ; as by the citizens, at the command of our Lord the King, was presented unto the Barons of the Exchequer, while the City was in the King's hands,, after the disturbance of the realm that took place in the time of Sir Symon de Mountforde, Earl of Leycestre. F.ma. Of Customs payable in the City. Of Scavage. Page 230. This is the Inquisition made in the City of London, by the citizens of the same city, as to the prises and customs which the King ought to take from the mer chants and merchandize entering and going forth from the same city ; that is to say, from those who owe custom. — The kark of grain that weighs three hundredweight, owes for Scavage forty pence. The kark of pepper that weighs three hundredweight and a half, six pence. The kark of alum that weighs four hundredweight, eight pence. F.wi.b. The kark of sugar, cummin, almonds, brasil, quick silver, ginger, cetewal, lake, liquorice, small spices (such as cloves, mace, cubebs, [and] nutmegs), vermilion, glass, figs, raisins, shumac, sulphur, ivory, cinnamon, ginger bread, rice, turpentine, cotton, whalebone, frankincense, 2 pioine, anise, dates, chesnuts, orpiment, olive oil, and other kinds of avoir-du-poise, the kark of which ought to weigh four hundredweight, owes for Scavage six pence. And if there is less than one kark, then 1 This list of customs closely re sembles that already given ; which is probably of the time of Edward I., while this is of about A.D. 1266, or 50 Henry III. 2 See the Glossary. PH.] CUSTOMS LEVIED UPON VICTUALS. 65 according to the quantity of the thing, down to the fourth part [of one kark] ; that is to say, for the half kark three pence, and for the fourth part one penny halfpenny. The same custom the King takes for fine wares that pertain unto spicery, as also for small seeds, according to the amount of the weight, and for confec- tures of spicery. The charges upon Wool of Spain and Haberdasherie. F.i94.b. Page 230. The fixed charge upon wool of Spain, wadmal, mer cery, canvas, marten-skins, coney-skins, woolfels, linen cloth, fustian, felt, 'lymere, pile, ' haberdassherie, squirrel- skins, 'parmentery, shalloons, cloth of ' Reynes and cloths of silk, and upon other things that pay custom at a fixed rate, is six pence ; and the half of such fixed charge three pence; and the fourth part of the fixed charge one penny halfpenny. Thedozen of cordwain [pays] one penny, the dozen of ' godelmynges one penny, the dozen of basil one halfpenny, the pound of silk one halfpenny, the pound of saffron one farthing. And be it made known, that this custom is only taken for wares that come from beyond sea; wax, 'argoil, copper, tin, [and] grey-work, owe no custom, if they do not pass beyond Thames Street towards the North. And if such does pass, it shall pay a fixed charge of six pence, and for the half of such fixed charge three pence, and for the fourth part of such fixed charge one penny halfpenny. Of the Customs payable upon Victuals. Page 231. F.i94b. The customs that pertain unto the small 2 trades in the market of London.' — Every load of poultry that comes upon horse, shall pay three farthings, the franchise See the Glossary. I bread, poultry, and the like. Those bearing reference to | VOL. III. E 66 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. Excepted. Every man who brings cheese or poultry, if the same amounts to four pence halfpenny, shall pay one halfpenny, the franchise excepted. If a man on foot brings one hundred eggs or more, ,he shall give five eggs, the franchise excepted. If a man or woman brings any manner of poultry upon horse, and lets it touch the ground, such person shall pay for stallage three farthings. And if a man carries it upon his back and places it upon the ground, he shall pay one half penny, of whatever franchise he may be. Every basket of bread shall pay one halfpenny per day. The basket of bread of the baker who brings it towards the West of Walbrok, entering the market on a Sunday, shall pay three halfpence, and upon other days but one halfpenny. Every foreign butcher who sells flesh in the market, shall pay upon Sunday one penny for stallage. Every cart that brings corn into the City for sale, shall pay one halfpenny; and if it enters by way of Holburne or by the 2 Flete, it shall pay one penny, the franchise excepted. Every man who brings corn upon horse, whether it be a quarter or half quarter, and places it upon the ground, shall pay one farthing, of whatever franchise he may be. And if he is a freeman, and sells the same on his horse, he shall pay nothing. Every cart of 8Bremble or of "Stevenhethe that comes into the City with bread, shall pay each day one halfpenny. A cart that brings bread into the City from another town, shall pay each day one halfpenny or a loaf, of whatever fran chise [the owner] may be. A cart that brings earthen pots shall pay one halfpenny, of whatever franchise [the owner] may be. A cart that brings charcoal for sale, shall pay 5 [one farthing] where such charcoal is sold, of whatever 1 I.e. freemen of the City ex cepted. 2 I.e. over Fleet Bridge, at the end of Fleet Street. ' The present Bromley, near Stratford, in Essex. 4 Stepney. 5 Supplied from Liber Horn. PTI.] CUSTOMS LEVIED IN SMYTHFELDE. 67 franchise [the owner] may be. A cart that brings wood of alder for sale, shall pay one halfpenny. A cart that brings timber, with the bark or without the bark, squared oak timber excepted (which shall give nothing), shall pay one halfpenny. A cart that brings boards for sale, if it brings a quarter of a hundred or more, shall give one board ; and if it brings less than a quarter of a hundred, it shall give nothing. The cart that brings planks of oak, shall give one plank ; and if it brings planks of beech, it shall give one halfpenny and one plank. The cart that brings nuts or cheese shall F.igs.a, pay two pence ; and if it enters by the Flete or by Holeburn, it shall pay two pence halfpenny. The cart that brings fish or poultry into Westchepe, shall pay two pence. The hired cart that comes into the City with wool, or hides, or other merchandize, shall pay two pence. And if it enters by Holburne, or by the Flete, or by 1Allgate, it shall pay two pence halfpenny. For every dead Jew buried in London, three pence halfpenny. For every cart that brings bark, one halfpenny ; and if it enters by Holburne or by the Flete, it shall pay nothing. Every cart that brings leeks in Lent, shall pay one halfpenny and one fesselet of leeks. The cart that carries woad out of the City, if it carries four quarters or more, shall pay seven pence halfpenny ; and if less, for each quarter it shaR pay one penny. The cart that brings melwels, herrings, or other manner of fish, shall pay one halfpenny for such cart. If a man or woman brings bread for sale from Saint Alban's, of the value of four pence halfpenny, such person shall pay one farthing. The Customs of Smythfelde. Page 233. F.195. a. These are the customs of Smythefelde. — For every cow or ox sold that is full grown, one penny, the fran chise excepted. For every dozen of sheep, one penny ; 1 Aldersgate is probably meant here, and not Aldgate. E 2 68 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. F. 195. a. and if there are less, one halfpenny ; and if there is one only, one halfpenny. If foreign dealers bring oxen, cows, sheep, or swine, between the Feast of Saint Martin [11 November] and Christmas, they shall give to the bailiff the third best beast after the first two best ; or else they must make satisfaction to the bailiff before they enter the County of Middlesex. And if the bailiff takes an ox or cow for 1 Scavage upon the field, of the value of one mark or more, such bailiff is bound to return forty pence for the hide. If a foreign dealer brings lean swine for sale between Hokeday and the Feast of Saint Michael, he shall give unto the bailiff the third best pig after the first two best, unless he make fine unto the bailiff in the sum of six pence or twelve pence. The Customs of the Bridge. Page 234. These are the customs of the Bridge. — The vessel that brings melwels, without any other fish, shall give two melwels, the franchise excepted. The vessel that comes with melwels together with rays, shall give one melwel and one ray, the franchise excepted. The vessel that comes with herrings, fresh or salted, shall give one hun dred herrings, the franchise excepted. The vessel with bulwarks that anchors in the Thames, shall pay two pence for strandage,the franchise excepted. The vessel that brings sea-bass, conger, 2[dory], surmullet, turbot, shad, [or] eels, shall pay no custom, beyond two pence for the ship, for strandage. The vessel with s bails that anchors in the Thames, shall pay one penny, the fran chise excepted. The vessel that brings mackerel, shall give six-and-twenty mackerel, the franchise excepted. The same custom the bailiff takes for the vessel that brings 4merling or haddock. The boat that brings five 1 I.e. showage. 2 Inserted from Liber Horn and Liber Custumarum. 3 Hoops nailed to the sides, for supporting a tilt or awning. 1 Sea-ling. ph.] CUSTOMS LEVIED AT LONDON BRIDGE. 69 panniers of whelks, shall give one pannier and one half penny, the franchise excepted. ] The same custom the bailiff takes for the vessel that brings merling ; and if it brings more, it thall pay no more. If a boat be longing to a foreigner brings merling, mackerel, or haddock, and the fish belongs to a freeman of the City, it shall pay no custom, except one halfpenny for the boat, for strandage. And if the fish belongs to a foreigner, the bailiff shall take six-and-twenty fish, and for the boat one halfpenny. And if one half of the fish belongs to a foreigner, he shall pay but one half of the custom. The boat that is rowed with tholes that comes to Ois- tergate, shall pay one halfpenny, the franchise excepted. The boat rowed with 2 oarlocks that comes to Oistergate, shall pay one penny ; and if one half of the boat be longs to a freeman of the City, and the other half to a foreigner, the foreigner shall pay one half of the cus tom, that is to say, one halfpenny. If a strange man buys melwels in the City, and carries them out thereof for resale, he shall pay for one hundred two pence, and f. 195. b. for half a hundred one penny, and for a quarter of a hundred one halfpenny, the franchise excepted. If a strange :man buys white herrings in the City, or red herrings, he shall pay for the thousand of white herrings one halfpenny ; and for a thousand of the others, one farthing. Dealers who bring fish into the City by land on horse, shall give for each dorser one fish, and one halfpenny for the horse, melwels and ray excepted. Strange dealers [who] buy fish in the City and carry it out of the City for resale, shall pay upon each horse-load one farthing for the horse. If a cart brings into the City salmon belonging to a foreigner, the bailiff shall take one salmon, the second best, for cus tom, and two pence for the cart. And if the salmon 1 From this word down to ' mer- ' ling,' is probably inserted by inad vertence. 2 Or ' rowlocks,' as they are now called. 70 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. belongs to a freeman of the City, the bailiff shall take nothing for the fish, but only two pence for the cart. The cart that brings white or red herrings into the City, shall give five herrings, and two pence for the cart, the franchise excepted. The cart that brings mackerel, shall give five mackerel, and two pence for the cart, the franchise excepted. And after the same manner, the bailiff takes for merling that comes by cart. The cart that brings melwels, shall give one melwel, and two pence for the cart' the franchise excepted. * After the same manner the bailiff takes for merling that comes by cart. The cart that brings eels, shall pay two pence, and nothing for the fish. Where a horse brings apples or pears, or other manner of fruit, there shall be paid one halfpenny for the horse. The cart that brings other manner of fruit, shall pay one halfpenny for the cart. F.i95.b. Fees of the Bailiff of the Bridge. Page 236. As his fee for a 2man the bailiff takes nothing. For every boat that brings sprats, if the boat is not of the franchise of London, the bailiff shall have one tandel of sprats, and for the boat one farthing. The vessel that brings dabs ,shall give six-and-twenty dabs for each hundred ; and if it brings less, it shall give nothing, and if it brings more, it shall give no more than 8 [one hundred dabs]. A porpoise owes one penny, and if it is cut up for selling by retail, the bailiff shall have the 4 chawdron, and the tail, and the three fins. For the vessel that brings conger, the bailiff shall take the best, and the second best for his money, 1 This passage is probably in serted by mistake. See a similar error noticed in Note 1 in the pre ceding page. ' Carrying provisions. 3 Supplied from Liber Horn. 1 The entrails. PH.] CUSTOMS LEVIED AT BILLYNGESGATE. 7l according to the price set thereon upon sale. And if [the owner] is of the Cinque Ports, he shall give nothing. The vessel of Scotland that brings salmon, shall give two salmon. And if it brings salmon and melwels, it shall give one salmon and one melwel ; and if salmon and haddock, one salmon and thirteen haddocks ; and for the vessel two pence. The first vessel that comes from 1 Gernemue with white herrings, that owes full custom, shall give two hundred herrings ; and every other ves sel that shall come afterwards, shall give one hundred herrings, the franchise excepted. The Customs of Billyngesgate. Page 237. F.i95.b. Every great vessel that grounds, shall pay two pence for strandage. For a small vessel with oarlocks that grounds, one penny. For a boat that grounds, one halfpenny. For two quarters of corn, measured by the King's quarter, one farthing, For one coomb of corn that comes by water, one penny. For every quarter of woad going out of the City by water, one half penny. For two quarters of sea-coal, measured by the King's quarter, one farthing. For every tun of ale going to the ports beyond sea by merchant-strangers, four pence. For every thousand of herrings entering and going away by strangers, one farthing, the franchise excepted. If a stranger carries melwels out of the City, he shall pay two pence upon each hundred. If a merchant-stranger exports butter, tallow, or lard, be yond sea, he shall give for the first wey three pence halfpenny, and for each other wey one halfpenny. For every wey of cheese exported by a stranger, four pence. For every last of leather going forth by a stranger, twelve pence. For the 2 dacre of leather going forth, two pence. For nonpareil leather going forth, one halfpenny. For f. 196. a. every 2 trussel of leather tied with cords, four pence. 1 Yarmouth, in Norfolk. | 2 See the Glossary. 72 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. For every trussel tied with cords, of whatever mer chandize it may be, great or small, four pence. For every trussel of cloth going beyond sea by a stranger, small or large, four pence. For ' harpoys and ' fysshe- ponde, one penny farthing. For a ' coda of sulphur, one penny farthing. For every tun of wine that owes custom, entering and going forth, two pence. For every ton of honey that owes custom, twelve pence. For every [vessel] that brings nuts, four pence. For a single ship's 2 store [four pence.] [For] a kark of nuts, four pence. For every ' karre of lead going forth by a stranger, four pence. For every hundredweight of iron, entering and going beyond sea by a stranger, one farthing. For every two quarters of onions en tering by a stranger, one farthing. For every hundred bunches of garlic, one halfpenny. For every last of clay and 3 potter's earth entering and going forth by a stranger, three pence. For every last of barrelled her rings [exported] by a stranger, three pence. For every hundred of boards called ' weynscotte,' one halfpenny. For every hundred of boards called 4 ' Ryghholt,' one penny. For one ton of flax entering and going forth by a stranger, four pence ; and if there is less than a ton, two pence. For flax that comes in bundles, for every dozen one penny. For every wey of feathers [imported] by a stranger, two pence. For horses and other beasts going forth by a stranger, four pence per head. For a barrel of litmus [imported] by a stranger, one farthing. For one hundred stockfish coming from 5 Pruz, one farthing. For 6 pottery coming, that is to say, tu reens, pipkins, patens, earthen pots, and for other small 1 See the Glossary. 2 The meaning of these words — " De un soul garner en une nief" — seems to be doubtful ; 'garner ' may possibly mean a hold for storing grain. 3 The word is 'putl,' evidently ab breviated. Its meaning is doubtful. 4 'Wood of Riga,' ' Prussia. 6 See the Glossary, s.v. ' ValatiV Pi I.] CUSTOMS PAYABLE FOR TRONAGE. 73 articles entering or going forth beyond sea, not above- written, the said bailiff "shall take nothing. Item, it is ordered that no waterman carrying per sons from Billyngesgate to Gravesende, or back again to Biilynggate, shall take more than two pence for one person. Of Boats bringing oysters, whelks, mussels, or soles. F.i97.». Page 244. And that no boat that brings oysters, whelks, mus sels, or soles, shall remain longer upon sale than one high tide and two ebbs. And whosoever shall lie a longer time — as for his oysters, whelks, or mussels, let them be forfeited. Of Wool. Page 245. F.w.a. As to the custom upon sacks of wool that come by the Thames to Queen-Hythe. — No custom shall be taken [there] for the carts of persons of the franchise of the City. And if the bailiff of the said hythe wishes to have custom upon such carts, let him appoint one of the helpers at the place where the carts are unloaded, to take the rightful custom. Item, whereas the bailiff of Queen-Hythe takes one1 for custom from strangers for each quarter, before 2they go to serve the strangers, we do tell you that such is an extortionate charge, seeing that the bailiff of Billynges gate takes no [such fee]. Of Tronage. Page 245. F.w.b. This is the custom of Tronage — A merchant-stranger who exports wool beyond sea, shall pay for one sack 1 The denomination is omitted. [ bly, who were to help at the un it is probably one penny. loading of the wool. 2 Meaning his assistants, proba- ' 74 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. which contains two weys six pence ; and if there are several sacks of two weys, he shall pay for the first sack six pence, and for each of the others five pence. And if the merchant has several sacks that contain two weys and a half, or tnree weys, or four weys, he shall give for the first sack eleven pence, and for each of the others ten pence. And if a merchant exports butter, tallow, or lard, beyond sea, he shall give for the first wey of butter, tallow, or lard, one penny halfpenny ; and for each of the others one halfpenny. And for every wey of cheese going beyond sea, four pence. For every last of leather going beyond sea, twelve pence. For a dacre of leather, two pence ; and of nonpareil leather, one halfpenny. For every trussel of leather bound with cords, four pence. For every hundred of woolfels, four pence. For every trussel bound with cords, of whatever merchandize it may be, great or small, four pence. For ' harpoys and for ' fispounde, one penny farthing. For a coda of sulphur, at the same valuation, one penny farthing. For every tun of ale going beyond sea, that owes custom, four pence. And if the merchant pays at Billyngesgate, he is cleared throughout ; or if he pays to the Warden of the tron, nevertheless it then belongs to the tron. For every tun of wine that owes custom, two pence. For every large vessel that anchors, two pence. For every quarter of woad that owes custom,2 . For every small vessel that grounds, one penny. For every small boat that anchors, one halfpenny. For every tun that comes with honey, owing custom^, twelve pence. For every vessel that brings nuts, four pence. For a single ship's 3 store, four pence. For every 1 karre of lead, going beyond sea by a stranger, four pence. See the Glossary. i » See a similar passage in page 2 The sum is omitted. | 72, ante. PH.] CUSTOMS LEVIED AT GRASCHIRCHE. 75 Wolchirchaw. Page 246. This is the custom of 'Wollechirchawe. — For one pound of wool [sold] to a foreigner, one halfpenny ; and for one sack, only one halfpenny. For two woolfels and more, one halfpenny; and for one hundred, only one halfpenny. For one pound of woollen yarn, one half penny ; and for one hundred, only one halfpenny. If any foreigner brings wool, woolfels, or yarn, through the City for sale, to the value of ten pence and more, he shall pay for custom one farthing. F. 197. b. The Custom of Graschirche. Page 247- This is the custom of 2 Gerchirche. — Every foreign cart that brings corn or malt, shall pay one halfpenny. Every cart that brings cheese, two pence. Item, every cart that brings corn and cheese together, and the cheese is worth more than the corn, shall pay two pence ; and if the corn is worth the most, it shall pay only one half penny. Every cart that brings nuts and corn together, if the nuts are worth more than the corn, shall pay two pence ; and if the corn is worth the most, it shall pay only one halfpenny. Upon two horses that bring corn or malt to Graschirche, the bailiff takes one farthing. A cart that belongs to the 3 franchise of the Temple and of Saint Martyn le Grand, one farthing. The cart of the Hospital of Saint John, with their own corn, shall pay nothing ; and if the corn is bought for resale, it shall pay one halfpenny. Pesage. Page 247. The custom of Pesage. — Merchandize that is weighed by beam of one hundred pounds, shall pay one halfpenny, F. 197. b. F. 197. b. 1 Woolchurch Haw. A wool- market was held there, in the vicinity of the Poultry. 2 Or, 'Graschirche,' the modern ' Gracechurch.' A corn and vege table (gcers) market was held there. 3 The exemption enjoyed by the inmates ofthe Temple, St. Martin's le Grand, and St. John's, Clerken well. 76 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. and up to one thousand no more ; and beyond that, it shall pay one penny. And for eleven hundred, one penny halfpenny, and up to two thousand no more ; and then the warden of the beam shall take two pence, and so on, F.i97.b. Of Wines. Page 247. The King's Prisage upon wines. — If nine tuns of wine, or less than nine, come in a ship or in a boat, the King's Chamberlain ought to take nothing for the King's Pri sage, as of right. And if ten tuns come, he shall take one tun ; and if there are nineteen tuns, he ought to take nothing upon account of Prisage beyond one tun ; and upon twenty tuns he shall take two. And if one hundred or two hundred tuns come together in one ship, the Chamberlain shall take for the King's Prisage only two tuns. And if a great ship that comes with wines desires to unload into boats before it arrives [at F.i98.a. the wharf], and follows the boats, with the remaining wines, to the wharf, the Chamberlain ought to take for the ship and the boats only a single Prisage. And if the mariners of the ship or of the boat can shew that the King's Prisage has been taken at ' Sandwiz, or at any other seaport, by the Chamberlain or by any other bailiff acting on behalf of the King, the Chamberlain ought to take nothing at London; but throughout all dominions of the King the merchants to whom such wines belong, ought to go quit by reason of the first Prisage. When nineteen or nine tuns come to London by boat, it is fully lawful for the Chamberlain to take the assur ance or the oath of the merchants to whom such wines belong, that they do not cause the wine to arrive in such manner, by small quantities, for the purpose of avoiding or of withdrawing the King's Prisage. 1 Sandwich, in Kent. PHI.] TABLE OF CONTENTS. 77 THIRD BOOK. PART THE SECOND. Page 259. F.175.K You shall present if the peace of our Lord the King has been broken, and by whom, and as to affrays and evil covin. Item, if there is any person resident within the Ward who is not a lawful person or under frank pledge. Item, if any woman of lewd life, or common scold, bawd, or common brothel-keeper or courtesan, is resi dent, etc. Item, if any oven, furnace, or reredos, is defective ; and if they use other fuel than wood or charcoal. Item, if any taverner, brewster, hosteler, or chandler sells without measure [duly] sealed, or against the assize ; or if any one receives gamesters or other riot ous persons ; and if there is any outlawed person within the Ward. Item, if there is any huckster within the Ward. Item, if there is any house covered with reeds or straw, and not with tiles, stone, or lead. Item, if any person places filth in the streets and lanes, and places the same before the doors of others. Item, if any swine or cows are reared within the Ward, to the annoyance of the neighbours. Item, if there is any leper resident within the Ward. Item, if any bargain of usury [has been made], or usurer resides, within the Ward. 78 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. Item, if any purprestures are made in the streets or lanes, or upon the walls or fosses of the City, or upon the Thames, or other the common soil within the Ward. Item, if any baker of tourte bakes white bread, or the converse. Item, if [there are] any persons in the habit of wandering after the forbidden hours. Item, if any officer of the City has made extor tion or affray within the Ward under colour of his office, to the wrong and detriment of any person ; and what it is that has been so done, and how ; or if any person is a maintainer or champertor of suits. Item, if any person pays, or gives as wages unto masons, carpenters, daubers, tilers, or unto any other labourers whatsoever, more than is ordained. Item, if any ale-stake of any taverner" is longer or projects further than is ordained. Of the Peace. Page 260. 1 [These are the Articles, of ancient usage, as to the assize of bread, and of ale, and of other victuals, and as to various trades, in the City of London, that ought each yTear, after the Feast of Saint Michael, to be proclaimed throughout the said City.] F.i98.a. In the first place, that the peace of God and the peace of our Lord the King shall be well kept and maintained among denizens and strangers ; and that the places and the lanes of the City shall be kept clear of all manner of annoyance, such as dung, rub bish, pigsties, and other annoyances, under heavy penalties. And that all manner of victuals that are sold by persons in Chepe, upon Cornhulle, and else where in the City, such as bread, cheese, poultry, fruit, hides and skins, onions and garlic, and all other 1 Supplied from the Liber Custumarum, fol. 201, it being omitted in Libus Albus. PHI.] REGULATIONS AS TO CORN-DEALERS. 79 small victuals for sale as well by denizens, as by strangers, shall stand mid-way between the kennels ot the streets, so as not to be a nuisance to any one, under pain of forfeiture of the thing. And that no market shall be held upon Fair-days, as well for pots, pans, hutches, [and] coffers, as for other utensils of iron and of brass, save only at Cornhulle ; and this to be mid way between the kennels, so as not to be an annoy ance to any one passing, under penalty of losing the thing. Of Corn-dealers. Page 261. f. 19s. a, Also, as to corn-dealers who bring corn unto the City for sale — that no one shall sell by show or by sample. But they shall come to certain places in the City esta blished with their carts laden, and with their horse? having the loads upon them, without selling anything and without getting rid of anything, until [they reach] the established places ; that is to say, within the Gate of Newgate, before the Friars Minors [there, and] at Graschirche ; and this, without putting any thing into house or into hiding-place, whether the same arrive by night or by day. And that no corn shall be sold until the hour of Prime rung at Saint Paul's, under penalty of forfeiting such corn. And that all ships, scouts, and boats, of whatever kind they may be, that bring corn to sell, as well at Billyngesgate as else where on the Thames, shall remain upon common sale after they have arrived, without selling anything in gross for one whole day ; that so the common people may buy for their sustenance what they shall need ; and this, under heavy forfeiture. Of ihe same. Page 261 F.i98.a, And whereas some buyers and brokers of corn buy corn in the City of country-folks who bring it into the City to sell, and give, on the bargain [being made], a 80 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. penny or halfpenny by way of earnest ; and tell the peasants to take the corn to their house, and that there they shall receive their pay. — And when they come [there] and think to have their payment directly, the buyer says that his wife at his house has gone out, and has taken the key of the room, so that he cannot F.ws.b. get at his money; but that the other must go away, and come again soon and receive his pay. And when he comes back a second time, then the buyer is not [to be] found ; or else, if he is found, he feigns something else, by reason whereof the poor men cannot have their pay. And sometimes, while the poor men are waiting for their pay, the buyer causes the corn to be 'wetted ; and when they come to ask for their pay, which was agreed upon, [they are told] to wait until such a day as the buyer shall choose to name for them, or else to take off a part of the price ; which if they will not do, they may take their corn and carry it away ; a thing which they cannot do, because it is wetted, [aud] in another state than it was in when they sold it. And by such evil delays on part of the buyer, the poor men lose half of their pay in expenses before they are fully settled with. — i?-i98.b. Of the same matter. Page 262. It is provided, that the person towards whom such knavishness shall be committed, shall make complaint unto the Mayor ; and if he shall be able to make proof, and convict the buyer before the Mayor of the wrong so done to him, the buyer shall render unto the vendor double the value, and full damages as well, in case the Mayor shall see that the value aforesaid does not suffice for the damage which he has received ; and nevertheless, let him also be heavily amerced unto the 1 For the purpose of making malt. PHI.] REGULATIONS AS TO FORESTALLERS. 81 King, if he have wherewith. And if he have not wherewith to pay the penalty aforesaid, or to find the amercement, then he shall be put on the pillory, and remain there one hour in the day at least, and a serjeant of the City standing by the side of the pillory with good hue and cry as to the reason why [he is so punished]. Of Butchers. Page 263. F.i98.b. And whereas some butchers do buy beasts of country folks, and, as soon as they have the beasts in their houses kill them, and then at their own pleasure delay the peasants of their pay; or else tell them that they may take their beasts: — It is provided, that the penalty which in such eases is as to buyers and brokers of corn ordained, shall be incurred by such butchers as shall be attainted thereof. Of Forestallers. Page 263. F.mb. And that no dealer, denizen or stranger, whoever he may be, shall go to meet dealers coming by land or by water with their merchandize and victuals towards the City, to buy or to sell, until such time as they shall have arrived at the said City, and have put up their merchandize for sale ; under forfeiture of the article bought and pain of imprisonment, from the which imprisonment [the offender] shall not escape without grievous chastisement. And that no one shall put up his wares for sale, that owe custom, until he has paid custom thereon, under pain of losing the article. Of the same. Page 263. F.ws.b. And that no merchant, denizen or stranger, whoever he may be, shall go to the 'Pole or elsewhere in any ' The Pool of the Thames ; i.e. from the Tower to Limehouse. VOL. III. V 82 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. quarter on the Thames, to meet wines or other mer chandize, or go on board vessels to buy wines or other things, until such time as they shall have come to land, under pain of losing the article. P.i98.b. Of Strangers. Page 264. And that no freeman of the City shall hold part nership with a strange man, or avow the merchandize of a strange man, whereby the King or his bailiffs of the City may lose custom upon the same ; and this, under pain of losing the freedom. i*-i99.a. Of Rebellious Persons. Page 264. And that there be no one who shall make resis tance in deed or in word to the Serjeants or the bailiffs of the City ; and be it ordered them, that no one shall molest them in making execution upon judgments, attachments, distresses, or other things which unto such bailiffs pertain to do, under pain of imprison ment. But if any one shall consider that the bailiff has done him wrong, let him make his suit thereon before his superiors, and have his recovery before those unto whom it pertains to make amends. F-i99-a. Of Bakers. Page 264. And that two loaves shall be made for one penny, and four loaves for one penny ; and that [no loaf] shall be coated with bran. And that no baker shall sell bread before his oven, but [only] in the market of our Lord the King. And if any one is found selling in his house, he shall be amerced in the sum of forty shil lings. And that no one shall buy such bread, under pain of losing the bread. And that each baker shall have his own seal, as well for brown bread, as for white PHI.] PUNISHMENT OF FRAUDULENT BAKERS. 83 bread; that so it may be the better known whose bread it is. And that each Alderman shall view the seals of the bakers in his Ward. And that no baker of white bread shall make tourte bread, and no one [who makes tourte] make white bread. And that no baker shall buy corn to sell again. And that no baker who makes tourte bread shall sell his flour to cooks for making pastry ; nor in any other manner shall get rid of the flour, on peril that pertains thereunto. And that the bread of the' bakers shall be 'taken every month, once at the very least, or more times if it be necessary. And that each baker shall shew his seal at each Wardmote, that so it may be known. Of Measures. Page 265. Whereas some persons do say that the assize of bread and of ale is not so well kept, through the taking of fines from bakers and brewsters. — It is pro vided, that no Sheriff shall take a fine from bakers or from brewsters. And if any Sheriff shall do so, and be convicted of the same, he shall be forthwith ousted from the office and another established in his place. And if any default shall be found in the bread of a baker of the City, the first time, let him be drawn upon a hurdle from the Guildhall to his own house, through the great streets where there may be most people assembled, and through the midst of the great streets that are most dirty, with the faulty loaf hanging from his neck. If a second time he shall be found in the same transgression, let him be drawn from the Guildhall through the great 2 street of Chepe, in form aforesaid, to the pillory ; and let him be put upon ' For examination as to weight j 2 The plural ' ruwes ' is found and quality. I from another copy, to be incorrect. F 2 84 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. the pillory, and remain there at least one hour in the day. And the third [time that such] default shall be found, he shall be drawn, and the oven shall be pulled down, and the baker [made to] forswear the trade within the City for ever. And that no [baker] of the town shall give unto the regratresses the six pence on the Monday morning by way of hansel-money or the three pence on Friday, for curtesy-money ; but, after the ancient manner, [let him give] thirteen articles of bread for twelve. Nor let [any one] take back bread from the regratresses when cold, under pain of heavy amerce ment, whoever shall be attainted thereof; but let [each] throw all such outlays into his bread, for the profit of the people. p. 199. a. Of Bakers. Page 266. As concerning foreign bakers who sell bread, — at all times in the City that default shall be found in their bread, let all the bread be forfeited unto the Sheriffs of the City, to go unto their ferm, as here tofore has been done. And from henceforth let no foreign baker put his bread into hutches or into selds, or elsewhere in hiding-places for storing, beyond a F.i99.b. smgle night, under pain of losing the bread. And those who bring their bread in carts, without baskets, are to refrain from selling unto any regratress before they come into Chepe, under pain of the forfeiture aforesaid. Of Brewers, Taverners, and their Measures. Page 266. 1 [And that the gallon of wine shall be sold at three pence, and not dearer. And that a gallon of ale shall 1 Omitted in Liber Albus, but given in the Liber Custumarum. PHI.] REGULATIONS AS TO BREWERS, ETC. 85 be made for three farthings, and another gallon for one penny, and not dearer. And if any shall be found dearer, it shall be forfeited to the use of the Sheriff] And that no brewster or taverner shall sell from F.i99.b. henceforth by any measure except by gallon, pottle, and quart; and that these shall be sealed with the seal of the Alderman ; and that the tun of the brewster shall be of one hundred and fifty gallons, and be sealed with the seal of the Alderman. And if any one shall be found selling by measure not sealed, let her be amerced the first time in the sum of forty pence, and the measure burnt or broken. The second time, let her be amerced to the amount of half a mark. And the third time, let her be amerced to the amount of twenty shillings. And whereas it often happens, that gallons, pottles, and quarts are partly broken, and that some of them are marked while they are 1 green, and after being used for a long time, through dryness are shrunk, and thereby are made not so good as they ought to be; — it is provided, that every taverner and brewster shall carry his gallons, pottles, and quarts to the house of his Alderman four times in the year, that the same may be examined if they are sufficient in all respects ; and for such labour and usage, and for the marks when made at first, let two pence be given for the gallon, for the pottle one penny, and for the quart one halfpenny. And let the same thing be done as to the gallon of taverners of wine, the bushel, and the half bushel. For one bushel [so marked] let one penny be given, and for half a bushel one halfpenny. And if any one shall be found, who on summons to do this shall not come or send, or shall not do as afore said, let such person be amerced by the Alderman in the sum of two shillings. 1 The ale measures were ordinarily I of them were called 'the potters' made of turned wood ; the makers I of London. 86 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. F.i99.b. Of Hostelers. Page 267. And that no one in the City shall harbour any man beyond a day and a night, if he be not willing to pro duce such person to stand his trial. In case such per-, son shall commit an offence and absent himself, the host shall make answer [for him]. And that no one shall he resident in the Ward of an Alderman beyond a day and a night, if he be not in view of frank-pledge, or if his host be not ready to have him to stand his trial. F.m.b. Of the same. Page 268. And it is provided, under heavy penalties, that no stranger, or alien, shall enjoy the franchise of the City, or sell by retail, if he be not first admitted to the fran chise, and sworn thereunto and enrolled in the Guildhall. And for being admitted and enrolled, let him make compensation according as his means may admit of And it is provided, that no native of a strange land, or other person, of whatever country he may be, shall be herbergeour or hosteler within the City, if he he not admitted a freeman of the City, [and] sanctioned hy the Mayor and Aldermen as a good and lawful man. And that he have good testimony from the places whence he shall have come, that he has well and law fully departed from his own country ; and that he find safe and responsible pledges unto the Mayor and unto the bailiffs of the City, to be answerable unto the peace of the King, and for the keeping of the citizens of the City without harm. And if perchance any person of a strange land, through surety that he finds, or through freedom of the City that has been granted unto him, is about to become hosteler or herbergeour in the City, then let him make provision to dwell in the heart of the City or elsewhere : but let no such person dwell upon the waterside of the Thames, either for keeping hostel or for being herbergeour. PHI.] ALL FREEMEN TO PAY LOT AND SCOT. 87 Of the same. Page 268. F.i99.b. And that all those who are herbergeours or hostelers in the City, in manner aforesaid, within forty days en suing from the day that these articles shall be read, shall cease therefrom and shall withdraw themselves so as not to do so in future. And if any person shall be found contravening the form aforesaid after the afore- F.209.a. said forty days, let him lose the freedom for ever ; and nevertheless, let him be punished with imprison ment, according as the offence demands. Of Brokers. Page 269. F.2oo.a. And that no person shall be a broker within the City, except those who shall be sworn and admitted by the Mayor and Aldermen. And if any broker shall be attainted of having gone out of the City and having made forestalment of any manner of merchandize coming towards town, let him have forty days' imprisonment. And if a second time he shall be attainted of such offence, let him have forty days' imprisonment, and at his departure from prison let him forswear the calling within the City for ever. And that no sworn broker shall be the host of merchants who bring the mer chandize of which he is such broker. And that no person shall be admitted as broker except upon the presentment of good folks of the trade in which he is about to be broker. And he shall not be a broker, except only in that trade which he has assigned to him.That the Citizens shall be in Lot and Scot. Page 269. P. 200. a. And that all those who wish by the franchise of London to be protected, shall be residing and dwelling in the said city, commoners of the said city, making contributions and aids, such as oommoners of the town 88 LIBER ALBUS. [b. III. ought to make ; under pain of losing the franchise after forty days from the proclamation made, of whatever condition such person may be. And he who shall not do this, after such forty days, let him be ousted from the franchise, and let him be dealt with as a foreigner for ever after. F.2oo.a. Of Swine. Page 270. And that no swine shall be found about the streets or about the lanes in the City, or in the suburbs, or in the fosses of- the said city, from this time forward. And if swine shall be found in the places aforesaid, they may be killed by those by whom they shall be so found ; and those who kill them shall have them freely and clearly without any challenge thereof; or else let the swine be bought back by him who owns it, at the price of four pence. And he who shall wish to feed a pig, must feed it in his house. F.2oo.a. Of Barbers. Page 270. And that no barbers shall be so bold or so daring as to place blood in their windows openly or in view of folks ; but let them have it carried privately to the Thames, under pain of paying two shillings to the use of the Sheriffs. Of Regrators. Page 270. And that no regrator of corn, of fish, or of poultry, shall buy provisions for resale before the hour of Prime rung at Saint Paul's ; or before the substantial men of the land and of the City shall have bought their provi sions ; under pain of losing the thing bought. And that no market shall be held upon London Bridge, but [only] elsewhere in the City where they are established ; under pain of losing the thing [sold]. PHI.] REGULATIONS AS TO PENTHOUSES. 89 Of Corn-dealers. Page 270. And it is provided, that no monger of corn, or re- grator of any other victuals, shall go forth from the City to buy any manner of victuals coming towards the City. And if any such shall be found, and shall be attainted thereof, let him be heavily amerced. And further, it is provided that no monger or regrator shall buy vic tuals coming into the City by land or by water, before that the good folks of the City shall have bought as much as they have a necessity of for their use. And if the aforesaid mongers or regrators shall wish to buy any manner of victuals, let it be between Tierce and Noon. And he who shall do otherwise, and shall thereof be attainted, let him be amerced in the sum of forty shillings to the use of the Sheriffs, [the same to go] unto their ferm. The same thing is to be provided as to fishmongers, unless they have leave to buy from and after Prime ; so nevertheless, that [if] any citizen shall come to the boat or vessel, he shall have therefrom for his own use as much as he shall need, for the same F. 200. b. price at which the fishmongers shall have bought it. Of Penthouses. Page 271- F,2oo.b. And that the penthouses and 'jettees of houses shall be so high that folks on horseback may ride be neath .them. And that they shall be of the height of nine feet, at the very least ; and that all others shall be forthwith rearranged within forty days, under a penalty of forty shillings, unto the use of the Sheriffs. And that no stall shall project out [from the house] beyond the breadth of two feet and a half; and the same is to be moveable and flexible, for the conve nience of the neighbours. A general name for the projections of a house. 90 ' LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. F.2oo.b. Of the Water-course of Walbroke. Page 271. And that the water-course of Walbroke and the highway of our Lord the King shall be kept clear, that so no dung or other filth be thrown therein, to the disturbance or annoyance of folks. F.2oo.b. Of Apprentices. Page 272. And that no person shall from henceforth receive an apprentice, if he be not himself free of the City, and cause their covenant to, be enrolled, of whatever con dition the apprentice may be. And that no appren tice, after his term fully served, shall follow his trade in the City, before he shall have been sworn of the freedom, and thereupon enrolled. And that no appren tice shall be received for a less term than for seven years, according to the ancient establishment. F.200. b. Of Victuallers. Page 272. Also, it is forbidden that the Mayor, Sheriffs, Alder men, or their clerks, Serjeants, or bedels, shall from henceforth brew, themselves or by others, for sale, or shall keep oven or wine-tavern, or shall trade in any other thing to which a low estimate is attached. And he who shall not be willing to make oath to that effect, or who shall contravene this Ordinance, shall be ousted from office : and also, that of no manner of provisions or other things shall they be regrators. F.S Of Corn-porters. Page 272. And that no corn-porter shall sell or measure corn, or shall enter any church-yard, house, or vessel, to value [corn], or shall lay hand upon corn, until he shall be required by those who shall have bought the PT II.] REGULATIONS AS TO LEPERS. 91 corn. And that no cart shall from henceforth stand in the City with firewood, timber, or charcoal, before it has sold the same ; but it shall remain without the gate, and in Smythefeld or elsewhere, where it is provided ; ' Cornhulle only excepted, under forfeiture of the thing. Of Cloths. Page 273. And that no one shall cause cloth to be woven for sale except in the City, or in the Portsokene, or within the liberties of the City ; and not in Suthewerk, under pain of forfeiture, and losing the cloth. And that no long cloth shall be dyed 2 black, except in woad. And that no one of the City shall go into Suthe werk to buy corn, beasts, or other merchandize, whereby market may there be held, under pain of forfeiture of the thing there bought; timber only excepted. And that no merchant shall bring woad, or have the same measured, except by those who are sworn thereunto and by [certain] quarters assigned. F. 200. b. Of Lepers. Page 273. And that no leper shall be going about in the City, or shall make any sojourn in the City, by night or by day, under pain of imprisonment ; but such persons shall have a common 3 attorney for themselves, to go each Sunday to the parish churches, to collect alms for their sustenance. And that no sellers of fish shall throw their water into the King's highways or into the lanes, but shall cause the same to be carried unto the Thames, under a penalty of two shillings. F. 200. b. 1 Cornhill ; where such cart was allowed to stand. 2 Or rather, dark blue. 3 Or ' proctor,' as he was some times called. 92 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. F.201. a. Of Measures and Balances. Page 273. And that no person shall have a measure or balance, or other weight, except it be good and lawful, and that according to the weight of our Lord the King. And that no person shall keep a school for fencing or for buckler-play within the City, under pain of imprisonment. P.2oi.». Of Butchers. Page 274. And that all foreign butchers shall come into the City with their flesh for sale, and shall bring the hides and pelts of every beast together with the flesh, under pain of losing .the price of the hide : that is to say, for the price of an ox-hide two shillings and six pence, the price of a cow-hide two shillings, for the pelt of a woolled mutton six pence, and for the pelt of a mutton without wool one penny halfpenny. And then let him stand to sell his meat in pieces, both small and large, just as he shall please to cut, until 'high noon ; so that by such time he shall have fully made his sale, without getting rid of any meat, or harbouring it either secretly or openly, or putting it in 2salt or otherwise. And if any such shall be found in town carried into the house where he is staying, after an hour that is forbidden, let the same be forfeited unto the Sheriff. P. 201, Page 274, Of cleansing the Streets and Lanes. And that all the lanes leading towards the Thames, belonging to the highway from Castle Baynard unto 1 Probably from one to three o'clock in the afternoon. 2 This, there is little doubt, is the meaning of " mettre deal." The original passage, as in Liber Horn and Liber Custumarum, is " mettre " endeal;" which, from a mistake on part of tbe scribe, may not im probably represent " mettre en seal." PHI.] GOING ARMED AFTER CURFEW PROHIBITED. 93 the Tower of London, shall be kept clear, that so per sons on horseback may without hindrance ride and go unto the Thames ; and if it be not so, let the Sheriffs cause the same to be done at the cost of those who have caused the impediment ; and nevertheless, let those who thus impede be heavily amerced. And that no courtesan, [or] common brothel-keeper shall be residing within the walls of the City, under pain of imprisonment. Of Regrators. Page 275. Also, it is forbidden that any one shall be so daring as to go on board of vessels or of boats that bring scallops, mussels, whelks, and cockles, or any other victuals, when they have arrived, for the purpose of regrating the same, under pain [of losing] the same article. But let the same stand for common sale by him who shall have brought the wares, that so the commm unity may be served without regrators ; and this, under pain of losing the article. And if any such person shall be found, let him be heavily punished.. F. 201. a, Of Persons wandering by Night. Page 275. It is also forbidden, that any person shall be so daring as to be found going or wandering about the streets of the City after curfew rung out at Saint Martin's Le Grand and Saint Laurence, or at 'Berk- yngchirche, with sword or buckler, or with other arm for doing mischief, whereof evil suspicion may arise, or in any other manner ; unless it be some great lord or other substantial person of good reputation, or [a 2 person] F. 201. 1 Barking Church, now known as ' Allhallows Barking,' near the Tower. 2 Judging from a similar Ordi nance in the Statutes of the Beahn (1810), Vol. 1, page 102, the pre sent passage is in a defective state in the original. 94 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. of their household, who from them shall have warranty, [and] who is going [from] one or another with a light to guide him. And if any one shall be found going about, contrary to the form aforesaid, if he have no occasion to come so late into town, let him be taken by the keepers of the peace and put into the Tun, which for such misdoers is assigned. And on the morrow, let him be arrested and presented before the Mayor of the City and the Aldermen ; and according as they shall find that such persons have offended and are thereunto accustomed, let them be punished. f. 201.ii. of shutting the doors of Taverners and Brewers at proper hours. Page 276. And whereas such persons, going about by night, do commonly have their resort and hold their common meetings in taverns more than elsewhere, and do there seek shelter, and lie in wait and watch their time to do ill ; — it is forbidden that any person shall keep a F. 201. b. tavern for wine or for ale open after the hour of curfew aforesaid ; but they shall keep their taverns closed after that hour. Nor shall they have any persons therein, sleeping or sitting up ; nor shall any one receive [per sons] into his house from out of a common tavern, by night or by day, except those for whom he shall be willing to be answerable unto the peace of the King. And if it shall be found that any taverner does otherwise, let him be put on his surety, the first time by the ' hanap of the tavern, or by some other good pledge therein found; and let him be amerced in the sum of forty pence. And if a second time it shall be found that he has offended, let him be amerced in the sum of half a mark ; and the third time, in ten shillings. The fourth time let him pay the whole 1 A two-handled drinking cup, often made of silver. PHI.] ATTACHMENT OF MISDOERS. 95 penalty double, that is to say, twenty shillings. And the fifth time, let him forswear such trade in the City for ever. And if any taverner shall receive any bad character, knowing that he has been a transgres sor, let him have the imprisonment that is provided for all receivers of felons. And it is provided, that every Alderman, in his Wardmote, shall diligently enquire as to misdoers resorting to and staying in his Ward ; and if any such persons shall be found by pre sentment and indictment of the good folks of the Ward, let them be forthwith bodily attached ; and that by the Aldermen, if the Sheriffs or their bailiffs are not present. But if they are present, they are to do the same by command of the said Aldermen ; and let [such persons] be brought before the Mayor and Aldermen, and be interrogated as to that for which they are indicted, and which is presented against them. And those who cannot clear themselves, let them be punished by imprisonment or other punishment, at their discretion, according to that which the offence demands. And every Alderman is to hold his Wardmote, in all points as heretofore they have done, that is to say, four times in the year. That persons arrested ' for some grievous cause shall not f. 201. b. be released without assent of the Mayor. Page 277. Whereas misdoers attached for offences, such as battery, bloodshed, and other misdeeds against the peace of our Lord the King, and upon evil suspi cion taken and arrested, are often released in too light a manner, by reason whereof others fear the less The word ' sine ' here is an error. 96 LIBER ALBUS.' [b. III. to offend ; it is provided that no person attached for a great offence shall be released without [assent of] the Mayor and Aldermen. f. 201. b. Of Boatmen. Page 277. And it is provided, that no boatman shall have his boat moored and standing over the water after sun set ; but they shall have all their boats moored on this side of the water, that so thieves or other mis doers may not be carried by them, under pain of imprisonment : nor may they carry any man or woman, either denizens or strangers, unto the ' Stews, except in the day-time, under pain of imprisonment. F.20i.b. That no person shall carry a bow called a ' Stonebowe.' Page 278. And that no person shall be so daring as to carry a bow for doing mischief, that is called ' stanboive,' within the City or in the suburbs, under pain, the first time, of [losing] the bow ; and the second time, let him lose the bow and [pay] forty pence ; and the third time, let him be imprisoned f. 201. b. Of Chalk, called ' Lyme.' Page 278. And that lime shall be well measured by quarter and by bushel of assize ; and that the same shall be well burnt, according to the ancient ordinance. And that every sack shall contain one bushel of assize. And that tiles shall be of the ancient dimensions; and that they shall be well burnt and well leaded. Houses of ill fame in Southwark. Pt II.] REGULATIONS AS TO SKINNERS AND FURRIERS. 97 Of Balances and Measures. Page 278. f. 201. b. And that no person shall have any balance or mea sure found, or other weight, but such as are good and lawful ; and let the same be according to the King's standard, under heavy penalties. Of Paviours. Page 278. f. 201. b. And that paviours shall receive, for making the toise of pavement, at all seasons, well and lawfully, that is to say, seven feet and a half in length, and the' F.202.a. foot of Saint Paul in breadth, two pence and no more ; and they shall make the same of good ' assize. Of Butchers. Page 279. f. 202. ». And that no butcher shall sell woolfels so long as they are on the living animals ; but let him carry the skins, together with the flesh, to market, in manner as [is] ordained; and let him sell none of such skins and hides in his own house or elsewhere in secret ; but only in the King's market, and that after Prime rung out, under pain of losing the thing, whether the same be found in the hand of the vendor or of the buyer. And that no butcher, or wife of a butcher, shall sell tallow or lard to a strange person for carrying to the parts beyond sea ; by reason of the great dearness and scarcity that has been thereof in the City of late. Of Pelterers. Page 279. F.202.a. And that no 2pelterer, from henceforth, or worker in peltry, and no 3 fripperer, or other person, whoever he may be, who is engaged in the trade, shall make 1 I.e. quality, as fixed by regu lation or assize. 2 Or skinner. VOL. III. * Dealer in old clothes and fur niture. 98 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. V.i a set of furs of less than fifty skins ; so that the same be of six ' tiers in length, and ' that of one manner of workmanship and not intermingled ; that is to say, grey -work by itself; pure new pople by itself; red polayne by itself; [and] roskyn by itself; all of squirrel-skins that are to match : nor let any one work new [skins] intermingled with old. And he who shall do otherwise or shall work otherwise, and shall thereof be attainted, let him be set upon the pillory. And as to 2 peltry found intermingled and made up of two kinds, in whose hands soever the same shall be for sale, let it be adjudged false, and judgment be done thereon, as upon a false article. And let work inter mingled of old and of new, and sets of furs found to be made up of less than forty skins and six tiers, be forfeited unto the use of the City, and the maker found guilty thereof heavily punished. Of [keeping] the Peace, and of those who fly unto the Church. Page 280. 3 [These are the Ordinances which King Edward made, when he Hook into his hand the franchise of the City. And some of them are in use at the time when it has its franchise.] For the safe-keeping of the City it is ordained, that from henceforth, in place of the Mayor, there shall be a Warden appointed by the King, and Sheriffs and Aldermen by the Treasurer and the Barons of the Exchequer ; the which shall all be obedient and sworn unto the King to keep watch and ward, and to main tain the peace in such form as they shall be charged [to do] : that is to say, to preserve the peace by night and by day, and to cause the watches and the waits to be 1 A tier, or ' timbre,' was a breadth containing a certain num ber of skins. 2 Work made of woolfels, or sheep-skins with the wool on. 3 This portion is inserted from the Liber Custumarum, fol. 217. a. 4 A.D. 1285. PHI.] PUNISHMENT FOR MINOR OFFENCES. 99 set, according to the points under-written: and that the Sheriffs, Aldermen, and all the people shall be wholly obedient unto the Warden. And the King doth will and command, to preserve the peace in his city, that if any felony shall be com mitted within the City or offence against his peace, each person who shall be near when such offence or felony is committed within the City, or who shall hear, or see, or know of, offence against his peace or felony [committed], shall arrest or attach such felons or transgressors to the utmost of his power ; and if he have not power to do the same forthwith, let him raise hue and cry against the misdoers. Upon which hue and cry, the King doth will and command that all those who shall be near and shall hear the cry, shall come upon the cry for the taking and arresting of such felons and misdoers. And so soon as they shall be taken, let them be delivered unto the bailiffs of the King. And he who comes not on hue and cry raised, let him be heavily amerced. And if it so happen that any felon escapes unto a church before he is taken, let the folks of the Ward, where the church is situate unto which such felon has betaken himself, keep watch upon that felon, until such time as he shall have been made to .' quit the realm, in case the folks of the Ward suffice there unto ; and if not, let them have aid of the nearest neighbours and of the Wards adjoining unto that Ward, according to the ordinance and counsel of the Warden of the City ; care being taken that no person shall with such watch be unreasonably charged. Of Offenders. Page 281. F.202.a. And the King doth will, that all understand that no franchise or ancient usage shall hold good, by 1 By solemnly abjuring it before the proper authorities. G 2 J.00 LIBER ALBUS. [B. Ill reason whereof this Ordinance may not be observed. And as to those who shall be convicted of such offences as battery, or bloodshed, where death or F.202.b. 'mayhem lieth not, let them also be punished by fine ; and more especially, by imprisonment, at the discretion of those before whom the offence shall be judged ; to the end that the severity of such punish ment may cause dread in others to offend. And always let them have regard to the extent of the offence, and to the extent to which they are culpable and in the habit of offending or not. And let each person beware of raising hue and cry upon affray in the City by day or by night, without reasonable occasion. And if any one shall do so, and thereof be attainted, let him be punished according to the offence. And if any misdoer shall escape from a church, let those who ought to have kept watch be held answer able unto the King in one hundred shillings for escape: and this is to be understood as to escapes made from churches in the City. And as to escapes from Newgate, let the same be as they have been heretofore. F.202. b. Of Misdoers who lie concealed. Page 282. And whereas some persons do resort unto the City, in some cases from beyond sea ; and some of the same land do there seek shelter and refuge, by reason of banishment from their own country, and of having for great offences or other misdeeds had to fly from their country ; and of such, some become brokers, hostelers, and herbergeours within the City, for denizens and for strangers, as freely as though they were good and lawful men, and of the freedom of the City. And 1 Mutilation of a limb necessary for defence in fight. PHI.] REGULATIONS AS TO MALEFACTORS. 101 some of such know nothing but how to go up and down about the streets, more by night than by day, and are well attired as to clothing and array, and feed upon delicate meats and costly ; and they follow no trade or merchandize, nor have lands or tenements by which they may live, or friends who may find them, and are continually removing from one house to another : and through such persons do arise many of the perils in the City, and many of the evils. And some are found openly offending, as by rob beries and other evil deeds. — It is [therefore] provided, that no person of a strange land, or other person, shall be a herbergeour or hosteler within the City, unless he be a freeman, within the City admitted, and confirmed by the Warden, and Mayor, and Aldermen, as a good and lawful man ; or unless he have good testimony from the place whence he shall have come, and have rightfully come and lawfully departed there from, and find safe sureties amenable unto the Bailiffs of the City, to be answerable unto the King's peace and unto the citizens of the City, for keeping [the same] without harm. And if perchance any person of a strange land, by the surety that he finds, or by the freedom that has been granted unto him of the City, is about to be come a hosteler or herbergeour within the City, let him make provision to reside in the heart of the City, according to the tenor aforesaid ; [and if any such persons shall be doing otherwise], within forty days next ensuing after the day on which these Articles shall be read and published in the City, let them forego the same and withdraw themselves, that they do so no longer. And if any person shall be found contravening the form aforesaid after the forty days aforesaid, let him lose the freedom for ever, and nevertheless let him be punished with imprisonment, according as the offence demands." 102 LIBER ALBUS. [B- m- f 202. b. Of Thieves and Courtesans. Page 283. And whereas thieves and other persons of light and bad repute are often, and more commonly, received and harboured in the houses of women of evil hfe within the City than elsewhere, through whom evil deeds and murders, by reason of such harbouring, do often happen, and great evils and scandals to the people of the City, —the King doth will and command, that from hence forth no common woman shall dwell within the walls of the City. And if any such shall hereafter be found within the City residing and dwelling, let her be imprisoned forty days. And let the Warden cause search to be made throughout the City in the best £.203. a. manner that he shall see fit, where such women are re ceived, and who they are ; and then, when they shall be found, let their limits be assigned unto them. And let no [such person] from henceforth wear minever [or ' cendal] on her dress or on her hood ; and if any one shall do so, let her lose the minever and the cendal. And as to such minever and cendal, let the same be forfeited unto the serjeant who shall find such woman and take her in such guise. P. 203. *, Of Watch and Ward in the City. Page 284. And our Lord the King doth will, for the safe keeping and maintaining of his peace, that the 2 watch shall be set at night within the City in due manner, and when need shall be. That is to say, in each Ward let certain persons be chosen, up to a certain number, according to the extent of such Ward, and at times when there shall be great resort of folks unto the City. And let such persons be strong and with good arms well able to 1 This passage is supplied from I 2 Or 'wait' — 'geit.' the Liber Custumarum. ! PHI.] WATCH AND WARD WITHIN THE CITY. 103 defend, and presented by the folks of the Ward unto the Alderman ; before whom they shall make oath well and lawfully to keep ward, [and], without favour to •any one, [or] corruption through either gift or affinity, to arrest and attach those who act and go about by night, in breach of the peace and in contravention of the tenor of the proclamation made, and lawfully to pre sent the same before the Warden or Mayor ; before whom, according to their offence, let such persons be punished. And towards the sustenance of such per sons, let all such make contribution as shall be hostelers and housekeepers in such Ward, officers of the King excepted. And if any of those sworn, who keep watch, shall be attainted of not having duly kept watch, or of having shown favour unto any one who for his offence ought to be attached and arrested, by reason of any corruption, affinity, or indulgence, or for any other reason, let him be punished by imprisonment, at the discretion of the Warden and of the Aldermen, and according to the extent of the offence. And let the arms which they shall have for keeping the watch be provided and bought according to the ordinance of the Warden of the City, at the cost of the people of the Wards. And the King in especial doth will, that by these enactments neither the usages nor the enactments here tofore followed in the City, in aid of keeping his peace, shall be abolished; such usages being reasonable and allowable according to law and reason, and not in contravention of these enactments. The King doth command that, for the maintaining of his peace, these Articles shall be well maintained and safely kept; or such other amendments as the King, at his will, shall make thereunto, according as he shall consider what is best to be done for the profit of the City, when necessity shall be. 104 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. F.203. a. Of the place for Weighing. Page 285. Whereas merchants do feel themselves aggrieved, by reason that the weight in the hostels and in the selds of citizen-merchants of London, by which they sell, do not agree with the weight by which they buy. — It is accorded, that the King shall have his weights in a certain place, or two places, or three, or four, if neces sary, within the City ; and that all merchandize sold by weight that exceeds five-and-twenty pounds, shall be weighed with the King's weights in weighing for the custom that pertains thereunto, accordmg as shall be ordained. And unto such weights of the King as well buyers as sellers are to resort, after the "form above stated. And if any person shall be found weighing merchan dize, that is weighable, above the weight of five-and- twenty pounds, otherwise than by the King's weights, and be attainted of the same, let the merchandize of such person be forfeited unto the King, in whatever hands the same shall be found ; and let the other party be heavily amerced unto the King. And let the weighers be sworn unto the King lawfully to weigh for F.203.b. vendor and for buyer. And if the weigher shall be attainted of having weighed falsely, for gift or for pro mise, for the one party or the other, let him be im prisoned for a year and a day, if he cannot make restitution at the will of the King ; nor shall he ever unto that office thereafter be re-admitted. F.203.b. Of Servants buying Merchandise and Goods. Page 286. And if it so happen that any servant or apprentice of a man of the City shall buy goods of foreign merchants or others, and shall carry such goods to his master's house where he is, let his master be answerable unto the said merchant for the value of the goods aforesaid, if the PHI.] MERCHANTS NOT TO BE MOLESTED. 105 merchant can prove that such apprentice or servant was [living] with the said master when he took the merchant's goods, and that the goods in his house, or elsewhere in his possession, have come unto the master aforesaid. And this Ordinance is made, by reason that folks of the City sometimes, after such manner of goods so taken by their servants and by their apprentices, have been in the habit of discharging their apprentices and their servants and disavowing their acts, but have retained the goods ; whereby the merchants have lost their goods without recovery. Feoffees not trading shall pay Tallage. Page 286. r. 203.0. And when tallage shall be assessed upon the people y of the City, let the tallage be assessed, as well upon landholders enfeoffed who do not trade, as upon dealers who trade. And always, let consideration be 'had, that each person is assessed unto the tallage according as he is able [to pay]. And in a case of tallage which falls upon landholders enfeoffed, let only those lands and rents be comprised therein which they hold within the City, and not their tenements that are with out. And the tenements of denizens are comprised in the tallage because the same are devisable, and therefore are property of a more certain nature than merchandize. That Merchants coming towards the City shall not be F.203.b. molested. Page 287. And whereas merchants have been oftentimes molested hy the bailiffs of the City, sometimes for eight days and more, so that they could not unload and harbour their goods and merchandize which they had brought by water, or place the same in safety. — The King doth will and command, that from henceforth no one shall be molested in such manner that he cannot freely, on his 106 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. v arrival, unload his goods in the due and ordinary places [for the same], and harbour the same where he shall think best ; saving always the estate of the King, as to his Prisage and as to all other things which unto him pertain. F.203.b. That Merchant-strangers, sufficient thereunto, may enjoy the Franchise. Page 287. And the King doth will, that if any merchant of a strange land, [a man] good and sufficient, through whom the King, his city, and his territory may he profited, shall come and wish to dwell in the City and enjoy the standing of the citizens of the city; and shall be testified to be a lawful merchant and of good repute, or as contributing in tallage and all other customs and charges, and to have well and lawfully behaved himself in his own [country], and well and lawfully to have departed therefrom; let such person be admitted to the standing of the citizens aforesaid, unto the like franchise, in such manner as the King shall have ordained for his own citizens in respect of buying and selling ; as also, unto all customary franchises ; so nevertheless, that he shall be answerable with the citizens, according to his pro portion, in the matter of tallages and all other things that unto the City pertain ; and let him be in every way on an equal footing with them, as well in [bear ing] the charges as in [enjoying] the franchise. f. 203. . Of Penthouses, Gutters, etc. Page 288. And the King doth will, that all usages heretofore in the City established for the amendment and profit of the City, as to the streets, keeping clean the lanes without accumulation of dung and filth, and annoyance by chips and stones, penthouses, gutters, jettees of houses, PHI.] REGULATIONS AS TO WAGES OF LABOURERS. 107 stands for carts [shod] with iron for the use of the City, F.204a. corn-porters, carts with wood for sale, [shall be observed] that so no one enter the City except at the certain place thereunto assigned. lOfthe Weaving of Woollen Cloth. Page 288. f. 204. a. Of the weaving and dyeing of long cloth. Of markets, — that none shall be held except in certain and esta blished places. Of streets [and lanes leading down to the Thames, — that they shall be cleansed and kept free from filth. Of lime, — that it shall be well burnt and lawfully measured. Of good tiles, — [that they shall be] well burnt and well leaded, and of the old dimensions. Of woad, — [that it shall be] lawfully measured, and that by lawful persons thereunto sworn, and by rightful quarter thereunto assigned. Of lepers, — that no one shall come into or make sojourn in the City. Of vendors of fish and of flesh, — that they shall not throw their water upon the pavement in which they wash their fish and their flesh, but shall have it carried unto the Thames. Of fishmongers, — of the form and manner of selling their fish. Of poulterers and of pelterers, — after the like manner. Of the assize and ordinance as to nets, great and small, for fishing in the river of Thames. Of making the pavement, and repair ing the same. Of taking away and removing from the streets [all] filth and dung. Of Labourers. Page 289. F.204a. Further, as to carpenters, masons, plasterers, daubers, tilers, and their servants, — what they shall take through out the seasons of the year together, with all the other good usages, and good and reasonable customs, by the 1 This title is incorrect, as the I former regulations which are still to Chapter is only an aggregate of | be observed. 108 LIBER ALBUS. [b. III. Mayors and Aldermen heretofore made and ordained, for the profit and advantage of the City : as is before said, let the same be strictly kept and observed in all points, under the penalties thereon provided and ordained. F.201. a. Of Fishmongers and Poulterers. Page 289. And that no fishmonger, or poulterer, or regrator, shall buy victuals in any manner for resale until after Prime rung out at Saint Paul's ; that so the buyers for the King and for the great lords of the land, and the good folks of the City, may after their own good [pleasure] purchase as aforesaid Avhat for them may suffice. F.201. a. That no one shall receive the Tenants of others. Page 289. And that no one shall receive the tenant of another in his own tenement, if he be not lawfully quit of the tenancy and have satisfied the landlord where he shall have before resided, and have made full satis faction unto him for his rent. Nor shall any freeman of the City hold partnership with, or act as broker of merchandize for, a strange person, whereby the King or his bailiffs may lose the custom due. F,20i.a. That all persons shall be obedient unto the Officers ofthe City. Page 290. And the King doth will, that all persons shall he obedient unto all his bailiffs, within Court and with out, in all places ; and that no one shall be such as to do them injury, and that no one shall molest them in doing execution of judgments, attachments, and dis tresses, or of all other things which unto the bailiff it PHI.] ORDINANCES AS TO FORMS OF PLEADING. 109 pertaineth to do. And be it announced unto them by their superiors, that if any one considers that a baihff does him wrong, against him he may have recovery therefor before his superiors, to whom it pertaineth to cause amends to be made. And he who shall do otherwise, and shall of such injury be convicted, in word or in deed, within Court or without, or of any hindrance done unto any one of the bailiffs or officers of the King, — let him be punished by imprisonment, or by fine, according to the offence, and according as he shall be in the habit of so doing. That Aldermen shall be not placed upon Inquests. F.204.b. Page 290. And the King doth will, that the Aldermen of the City shall not be placed upon Inquests within the City, so long as they are Aldermen and judges for the carry ing out of judgments and other pleas which unto them pertain, or to their chief. The Ordinance for Pleading. Page 290. F.204b. The Ordinance as to pleading in the City shall be such. — That in pleas of land, order and process [shall be observed] in all points, and Hustings shall be holden at such times and in such manner, as has heretofore been the usage ; save only, that each person, when he shall be solemnly demanded and does not appear forthwith, shall incur the [penalty of making] default ; and on the morning of the morrow shall receive judgment, and entry shall be made thereof. Save also, writs of cus toms and of services, the which must be pleaded and determined in such form as heretofore they were wont to be ; but as to other judgments, let them be awarded, according to Common Law, by the Warden and by the Aldermen; devised lands excepted, as to which the 110 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. King doth will that the usages shall be maintained. And if judgment be matter of doubt, by reason whereof the judges have need of taking counsel— the which taking of counsel has heretofore been called 1 'loquendce,' — such time for taking counsel includes the space of two Hustings at most ; that so at the third Hustings judgment shall be given without further delay. For of a longer time they have no need, seeing that they always 2 when their Hustings are held, and that there are Justiciars in the City whom they may consult. And the King doth especially forbid that any judgment, whatever it be, shall by colour of such postponement for taking counsel thereon be delayed. F.204.D. Of Wrongful Judgment delivered. Page 291. And if any man feels himself aggrieved by a wrongful judgment, let those by whom the record is returned, forthwith cause the record to be brought in writing unto such place, and before such persons, as the King shall appoint to hear the same within the City, according as is the usage at Common Law. F.201. b. That the Warden shall have a Roll, and the Aldermen a Counter-roll, of the Pleas. Page 291. And the King doth will, that the Warden shall have a Roll, and the Aldermen a Counter-roll, of all manner of pleas before them pleaded, and of all matters before them recorded. And upon Inquest held, let [the jurors] be sworn thereon, in the same manner as is done else where in the Court of the King. And let this be observed as well in plea of trespass and of debt as in plea of land. I.e. ' points to be discussed.' I original that are requisite to com- The words are omitted in the | plete the sense. PHI.] WARRANTY GIVEN BT VENDORS OF LANDS. Ill And a joint Inquest, of denizens and foreigners, shall be made of twelve persons, the half of whom must be denizens and the other half foreigners dwelling in town, if the matter be contract of debt or trespass whereof foreign merchants may have knowledge. Of Vendors of Lands. Page 292. And whereas heretofore there was no remedy pro vided in the City for warranty by those who are vendors of lands, when they have wholly sold all their lands, so that nothing remains unto them; by reason whereof the persons enfeoffed, when they ' vouch such [vendors], have no means of recovery, because such vendors have no [lands]. And yet, nevertheless, such vendors do trade upon the monies received for their lands so sold, and are rich in personalty. — It is [therefore] ordained and established, that the persons enfeoffed, when they shall have need, shall 2 have their voucher against those by whom they shall be enfeoffed and who are resident in the City. And if such person does not appear at the first summons, let the tenement for which he is vouchee be 3 extended, at its exact value in the state in which it was, and of the goods of the vouchee let there be taken to the amount of such extent into the King's hand, in place of 4 Cape. And if he appears at the day given by the Cape, after his goods have been appraised, let the matter take such issue upon judgment given, and as to the goods so appraised, as it would have done in reference to land if [such vouchee] had been a landholder ; seeing F. 204 b. 1 Give the names of the original vendors as warranty for the title, when they themselves make sale. 2 I.e. shall be able, on defect being found in the title, to recoup them selves from the personalty (as well as realty) ofthe original vendor. 3 I.e. valued. 4 Meaning procedure at Common Law by the ancient Writ of Cape ad valentiam. 112 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. that tenements in the City are equally as devisable as chattels. For which reason, the warranty ought in such case to fall as much upon chattels as upon tene ments, seeing that the one and the other are [equally] 1 chattels : but so long as the vouchee shall have lands which may suffice for the warranty, this Statute is not to be held to apply to chattels ; nor is it to hold f. 205. a. good against any one except against those who shall be residing in the City, and as to goods and chattels which they shall possess within the City, of which the Warden, by virtue of his jurisdiction, shall be able to make execution. And this enactment, as concerning chattels, shall hold good only as to the person of the vendor, and not as to his heirs ; nor shall it hold good [as to them], if they have not land by descent at law. F. 205. ». That Purchasers of Lands shall not eject the Termors. Page 293. And whereas some persons in the City do let their tenements in the City for a term of years, and during such term do sell the same tenements to others than such termors, [to be held by them] in fee for ever ; under colour of which feoffment the feoffees do eject the termors ; for which ejectment no remedy has here tofore been provided. — The King doth will and com mand, that from henceforth such persons ejected by feoffees in manner aforesaid, upon plaint newly made unto the Warden, within forty days next after eject ment made, shall have their recovery at the Hustings, in the same manner that they shall have the same at Bank, by Writ of Chancery that is called 2 ' Quare ' ejecit.' The which plaint and plea are to be brought 1 I.e. in an equitable point of view, as being equally the subject of devise or bequest. 2 ' Why he has made ejectment,' within the term. PHI.] DEBT ALLEGED UPON A TALLY. 113 unto the Hustings in the same manner and upon the same issue that such pleas are brought in Bank by writ ; seeing that the people of the City are traders, and have need of speedy remedy for grievances that are done unto them ; and the Chancery is sometimes Jfar away from them. And if the person to whom such wrong shall be done, shall surcease during the forty days aforesaid making plaint thereon, after the forty days in no manner may [redress] be made without the writ afore said ; provided always that such plea, [made] by writ and plaint, shall have the same issue. And by this enactment the writ of covenant is not to be annulled, so as no longer to hold good in its own proper case within the City. Of Debt and Contract. Page 294. F.205.a. In plea of debt and of contract, no record of a man of the City shall hold good for a man to be charged thereon, unless it be of a matter as enrolled before the Warden, Sheriffs, [or] Aldermen, at their Hustings, or in their - Court. Of a Tally alleged. Page 294. And if it happen that between merchant and mer chant, or citizen and citizen, there is a dispute as to a debt, and a tally is produced by one party, and such tally is . disowned ; then let the party bringing the tally have his proof according to Law-Merchant : pro vided that the proof [is made] by citizens or mer chants, or other good and lawful men, and not by ribald persons. 1 As moving with the Court I 2 I.e. the Sheriffs' Court. from place to place. I VOL. HI. H 114 LIBER ALBUS. [B. HI. f. 205. a. Of a person waging his law, his own hand the seventh. Page 294. In plea of contract and of debt, when the party plaintiff has neither writing nor tally, the defendant may defend himself by [waging] his law. But in plea of trepass, as for bloodshed or for battery, the matter is determined by Inquest, unless it so be that the party plaintiff assents that the defendant shall clear himself by [waging] his law. And [in such case] the person is to make his law [with ' six compurgators], his own hand the seventh. And this order is to be observed as to all pleas that are pleaded in the City, as well with reference to denizens as to foreigners. And if it shall so happen that any one unadvisedly makes wager of law in a case where Inquest lies,2 [he is not there fore to be adjudged as undefended, but is to be put by the Judge to the Inquest which so lies], without having other damage thereby. And no person is to be too lightly challenged in such manner of pleas for 3 miscounting or for [error in] making defence ; provided only that he use such words as are requisite for trial to be made of the whole [matter in dispute]. f. 205. a. That no poor man shall be challenged because he does not use the words in Court due according to law. Page 295. Nor shall any poor man or foreigner, or one igno rant of the law, be challenged for default made, in 1 The Tertia Lex, or 'Third ' Law.' 2 Supplied froraLiber Custumarum. 3 Making an error in declaring, or stating his case. The same as 'Miskenning,' previously mentioned. See Glossai-y to Liber Custumarum, p. 743. PHI.] AMERCEMENTS NOT TO BE EXCESSIVE. 115 not using the words that are due and usual according to the custom of the realm, both in declaring and in making defence ; but such persons shall be fairly ad mitted to speak the truth upon the whole [matter in dispute]. Provided always, that on issue joined the matter shall receive such adjudication as is before ordained. That nothing shall be taken for making execution. P-205,b. Page 295. And the King doth strictly forbid, that Warden, Alderman, Sheriff, or any other officer of the King in the City, shall receive anything for doing aught that unto their office pertains, or for execution of judg ment; save only fines and amercements, and such things as, according to ancient usage, are reasonable and admissible by law. That a Court for Foreigners shall be holden daily. F.2os.b, Page 295. And whereas the King doth will that no foreign merchant shall be delayed by a long series of plead ings, the King doth command that the Warden or Sheriffs shall hear daily the pleas of such foreigners as shall wish to make plaint, or cases in which others shall wish to make plaint against foreigners ; and that speedy redress be given unto them. And if the War den or Sheriff upon any day shall be unable [to act], then let there be some one in their stead to do the , same, for whom they shall be ready to answer : that so the foreign merchants be in no manner delayed. That no one shall be amerced except according to the v. 205. b. extent of the offence. Page 296. And the King doth command, that no merchant, denizen or foreigner, shall be amerced, except accord- H 2 116 LIBER. ALBUS. [Bi III. ing to the extent of the offence, 1 saving his merchan dize, according to the cognizance of the pleas that they are wont to hold. But in especial he doth will, that of all pleas that were wont to be pleaded before the Mayor and Alder men at the Hustings, cognizance shall be had by the Warden; and that the Sheriffs, in their Court, shall have cognizance of all pleas that were wont to be pleaded [before them] before these Ordinances. Pro vided always, that the issue of such pleas, as well at the Hustings as in the Sheriffs' Court, shall be such as is before ordained. F.2os.b. Of Pleas of the Crown. Page 296. In Pleas of the Crown, where a citizen or other man of the franchise of the Oity of London, for felony by the death of a man caused within the City, is in dicted upon Inquest taken before the Coroner, and put in prison ; and according to usage heretofore was wont to be bailed from prison by twelve reputable men, [ready] to have his body before the Justiciars Itinerant at the Tower, when they should come thither, — It is provided, that from henceforth, a person so im prisoned shall be bailed by such twelve reputable men, who shall give security for him to have his body before the Justiciars Itinerant at the Tower, when they shall come thither, or before such other Justices as the King shall think proper to assign, to hear and deter mine in such case. And whereas many persons imprisoned heretofore have died before the coming of the Justiciars Itinerant to the Tower, by reason whereof the felonies in such cases were not, and could not be, proved or punished.2 And when the King shall assign Justiciars so to act 1 This passage appears to be in- | 2 At this point there is some complete. I omission, to all appearance. PTII.] OATH OF THE MAYOR. 117 out of the Iter, then are such Justiciars to give notice unto the Sheriffs by their Writ to cause the persons out on bail to be warned, wheresoever they may be, and also the bailors to be warned to have the persons so bailed before them on a certain day ; which day, from the time of warning, is to embrace the space of four months. And upon the day on which the Justiciars so assigned shall come, they shall proceed with such matter in the same way and upon the same issues as was the usage before the Justiciars Itinerant at the Tower. And be it made known, that this manner of law ought to be observed as . against those accused of homicide, such accused being of the City and of the franchise of London. And if a foreigner, or strange man, shall be challenged with having done such thing in the City, proceedings must be taken according to the Common Law. Oath of the Mayor. Page 306. p.207.b, "You shall swear, that well and lawfully you shall " serve our Lord the King in the office of the Mayor- " alty in the City of London, and the same City you " shall surely and safely keep to the behoof of the " King of England, and of his heirs, Kings of Eng- " land ; and the profit of the King you shall do in all " things that unto you belong to do, and the rights of " the King, in so far as unto the Crown they belong " within the said city, you shall lawfully keep. You " shall not assent unto the decrease, or unto the con- " cealment, of the rights or of the franchises of the " King ; and where you shall know the rights of " the King or of the Crown, be it in lands, or in " rents, or in franchises, or in suits, to be concealed " or withdrawn, to your utmost power you shall do " to repel it ; and,„if you cannot do it, you shall tell " it unto the King, or unto them of his Council, of " whom you shall be certain that they will tell it 118 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. F. 208. i " unto the King. And that lawfully and rightfully " you will treat the people of your bailiwick, and " right will do unto every one thereof, as well " unto strangers as to denizens, to poor as to rich, in " that which belongeth unto you to do ; and that " neither for highness, nor for riches, nor for promise, " nor for favour, nor for hate, wrong you shall do to " any one ; nor the right of any one shall you disturb, " nor shall you take anything whereby the King " may lose, or by which his right may be disturbed. " And that in all things which unto the Mayor of the " said city it pertaineth to do, as well in the regula- " tion of victuals as in all other things, well and " lawfully you shall behave yourself. — So God you " help, and the Saints." P. 208, a. Oath of the Sheriffs. Page 306. "You shall swear, that you shall be good and true unto N. the King of England, and his heirs, and the franchise of the City of London you shall save and maintain, within the City and without, according to your power ; and that well and lawfully you shall keep the Counties of London and of Middel- sexe, and the offices which unto the same Counties appertain to be done well and lawfully shall you do, according to your wit and power ; and that right you shall do as well to poor as to rich ; and that no good custom you shall break, or evil one main tain. And that the assizes of bread, and of ale, and all other assizes which unto you pertain, within the franchise of the City and without, well and lawfully you shall keep and shall cause to be kept. And that the judgments and executions of your Court you shall not delay without reasonable cause, nor any right disturb ; and that the Writs which unto you shall come, touching the state and the fran chise of the City,. you shall not return before you PHI.] OATH OF THE ALDERMEN. 119 " have shown them unto the Mayor, for the time " being, and to the Council of the City, and of them " have advice. And that ready you shall be, at " reasonable warning of the Mayor, for keeping and " maintaining the peace and state of the City. And " that all other things which belong unto [your] " office and the keeping of the said ' Counties, lawfully " you shall do, by you and yours, and the said City " shall keep from harm, according to your wit and " power. And that the County of Middelsexe or the " keeping of the Gaol of Newgate you shall not let " to ferm. — So God you help, and the Saints." Oath of the Aldermen. Page 307. " You shall swear, that well and lawfully you " shall serve our Lord the King in the City of Lon- " don, in the office of Alderman in the Ward of N, '¦' wherein you are chosen Alderman, and shall law- " fully treat and inform the folks of the same Ward " of such things as unto them pertain to do, for " keeping the City, and for maintaining the peace " within the City ; and that .the laws, usages, and " franchises of the said city you shall keep and " maintain, within town and without, according to " your wit and power. And that tender you shall " be to save and maintain the rights of orphans, " according to the laws and usages of the said city. " And that ready you shall be, and readily shall come, " at the summonses and warnings of the Mayor and " ministers of the said city, for the time being, to " speed the Assizes, pleas, and judgments of the " Hustings, and other needs of the said city, if you " be not hindered by the needs of our Lord the King, " or by other reasonable cause ; and that good law- " ful counsel you shall give for such things as touch 1 Of London and Middlesex, 120 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. " the common profit in the same city. And that " you shall sell no manner of victuals by retail; " that is to say, bread, ale, wine, fish, or flesh, by " you, your apprentices, hired persons, servants, or " by any other ; nor profit shall you take of any " such manner of victuals sold during your office. " And that well and lawfully you shall [behave] your- " self in the said office, and other things touching " the City. — So God you help, and the Saints." f. 208, a. Oath of the Recorder. Page 308. " You shall swear, that you shall be good and true " unto Bichard, King of England, and to his heirs, " Kings, and unto the City of London, in the office " of Recorder ; and the franchises and usages of the " same city, both within town and without, according " to your power you shall maintain, and the counsel " of the same city you shall not discover ; and that " well and continually you shall keep and rule the " King's Courts, in the Chamber and the Hustings, " according to the custom of the City. "And that " you shall not omit for gift, or for favour, or for " promise, or for hate, that equal law and right you " shall do to all manner of folks, as well to poor as " to rich, to denizens as to strangers who before you P.2os.b. " shall plead in the Hustings' Pleas, "and in all other " manner of Pleas ; and in all pleas which before " you shall be pleaded you shall lawfully record " the same, and your diligence shall do to see that " the said pleas are well and lawfully enrolled, and " no right you shall disturb ; and that no judgment " you shall delay, without reasonable cause. And if " you shall know the rights or profits of the King " or of the said city, be it in lands, rents, tene- " ments, or forfeitures, to be withdrawn or concealed, " you shall shew the same unto the Mayor and PHI.] OATH OF THE CHAMBERLAIN. 121 " Aldermen, for the saving of the rights of the said " King and the City. And readily you shall come " at the warnings of the Mayor and Sheriffs, or of " their officers, for good and wholesome counsel unto " them to give ; and at all times when need shall " be, with them you shall go and ride, to keep " and maintain the state of the City. And that " nothing you shall take from any person, denizen or " stranger, who has before you any cause to plead ; " and no fees or robes shall you take from any one, " save only from the Chamber of ' London, during " your office. And that attentive you will be the " rights of orphans to save and maintain, according " to the laws and usages of the City. And in all " other things which unto your office it pertaineth to " do, well and lawfully you shall behave yourself. — " So God you help, and the Saints." Oath of the Chamberlain. Page 309. r-aos.b. " You shall swear, that well and lawfully you shall " serve the City of London in the office of Chamber- " lain, and whatever you shall have in your charge " touching the City, that same you shall safely keep, " and the counsel of the City conceal ; the rights of '"' orphans, so far as unto you belongs, you shall save " and maintain; and no record or other muniments, " whereby the City may be disadvantaged, you shall " shew or deliver unto any one, nor shall any record " which contains the right of a person wrongfully con- " ceal or deny ; nor shall receive any person unto the " franchise of the City otherwise than is ordained. " And that the lands, tenements, and rents, belonging " unto the Chamber, you shall duly maintain ; and " the profit of the City, so far as you shall know, " shall according to reason increase ; nor any harm 122 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. " unto the City shall you permit, but to the best of " your power shall prevent the same, or otherwise " unto the Mayor or to the Council of the City, for " the time being, shall make known the same. And "in all other things which unto your office pertain, " well and lawfully you shall behave yourself.— So " God you help, and the Saints." F.20s.b. Oath of the Common lCountor. Page 310. " You shall swear, that well and lawfully you shall " serve the City of London in the office of Common " Serjeant, and the laws, usages, and franchises of the " said city shall keep and defend, within the City and " without, according to your wit and power ; and the " rights of orphans you shall pursue, save, and main- " tain ; and good and lawful counsel you shall give " in all things touching the common profit of the " same city, and the counsel thereof shall conceal; " and the common harm of the City you shall not know, " but to the best of your power you shall prevent " the same; or unto the Council of the City shall " make it known. And attendant you shall be on " the Mayor, and Aldermen, and Commons, for the " causes and needs of the City, at all times when " you shall be thereunto required and charged; and " the same, in all places where need shall be, you " shall lawfully shew and declare, and shall attentively " prosecute and speed, for the common profit of the " City. — So God you help, and the Saints." F.2os.b. Oath of the Common Serjeant-at-Arms. Page 310. " You shall swear, that well and lawfully you shall " serve the City of London in the office of Common 1 Or Pleader. PTII.] OATH OF THE COMMON CLERK. 123 " Crier, and the laws, usages, and franchises of the " said city you shall keep and defend, within the City " and without, according to your wit and power. " And the counsel of the City you shall keep ; and " the common harm of the City you shall not know, " but to the best of your power you shall prevent " the same, or unto the officers and Council of the " City shall make it known. And the common business " of the City at all times that you shall be required, " in all places where need shall be, you shall diligently " perform ; and in all other matters which unto your f. 209. a. " office pertain, well and lawfully you shall behave " yourself. — So God you help, and the Saints." Oath of the Common Clerk. Page 311. *-M- " You shall swear, that well and lawfully you shall " serve the City of London in the office of Common " Clerk, and the laws, usages, and franchises of the " City shall keep and defend, within the City and " without, according to your wit and power ; and " that you shall use your diligence that all pleas of " Hustings and of Nuisances are lawfully entered and " enrolled ; and no enrolment, by yourself or by any " other, without assent of the Mayor and Recorder, " shall you make or suffer to be made. And obedient " you shall be unto the Mayor, Judges, and Council, of " the City ; and good counsel unto them, according to " your power and wit, in all things touching the " government of the City and the common profit of " the people, you shall give. And the counsel of " the City you shall keep, and the common harm " of the City you shall not know, but to the best " of your power you shall prevent the same, or unto " the officers and Council of the City shall make it " known ; and whatever you shall have in your keeping ' touching the City you shall safely keep. You shall 124 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. " shew or deliver no records or other muniments unto " any one, whereby the City may be hurt, and no " record that contains the right of any person shall " you evilly conceal or deny; nor shall you keep " any clerk serving under you in Court, but such " as at your own peril you shall be willing to answer " for ; and the same are to be sworn in presence of " the Mayor and Aldermen, and in all other things " that unto your ofiice pertain ' " F.209.a. Oath of the Serjeants of the Mayor and Chamber. Page 312. " You shall swear, that well and lawfully you shall " behave yourself in your office, and without delay " due execution make of the matters with which you " shall be charged on part of the Mayor, Aldermen, " and Chamberlain, and of the judgments delivered in " the Court of the Mayor.; and no fines or amerce- " ments, greater than such as shall, be contained in " the estreats which by the Court shall unto you '•' be delivered, shall you levy from any person, " poor or rich ; nor shall you do any extortion by " colour of your office unto any one, and upon In- " quests you shall return good and lawful folks, " and not persons suspected or procured by your " assent. And the common profit of the City, in so " far as unto you belongs, you shall promote, and " unto the contrary thereof, to the best of your power, " you shall not agree ; and towards the common people " well and lawfully you shall conduct yourself, and " in all other matters which unto your office pertain, " well and lawfully you shall behave yourself. — So " God you help, and the Saints." 1 The conclusion of this Oath is omitted, probably by inadvertence. PHI.] OATH OF THE SCAVAGERS. 125 Oath of the Constables. Page 312. f. 209.a. " You shall swear, that you shall keep the peace " of our Lord the King well and lawfully according " to your power, and shall arrest all those who shall " make any contest, riot, debate, or affray, in breaking " of the said peace, and shall bring them unto the " house or Compter of one of the Sheriffs. And if " you shall be withstood by strength of such misdoers, " you shall raise upon them hue and cry, [and] shall " follow them from street to street, and from Ward " to Ward, until they are arrested. And also, you " shall search, at all times when you shall be re- " quired by Scavager or Bedel, for the common nuisances " of the Ward ; and also, if there be anything done " within yonr bailiwick contrary to the Ordinances of " the City. And the faults that you shall find, you " shall present them unto the Mayor and to the " officers of the said City. And if you shall be with- " stood by any person or' persons, that you cannot " duly do your office, you shall certify unto the Mayor " and Council of the said city the name and names of " such person or persons who trouble you. And this " you shall not fail to do. — So God you help, and " the Saints." Oath of the Seavagers. Page 313. F.209.b " You shall swear, that you shall diligently oversee " that the pavements within your Ward are well and " rightly repaired, and not made too high in nuisance " of the neighbours ; and that the ways, streets, and " lanes are cleansed of dung and of all manner of filth, " for the decency of the City ; and that the chimneys, " -furnaces, [and] reredoses, are of stone, and sufficiently " defended against peril of fire ; and if you find any- " thing to the contrary, you shall shew it unto the 126 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. " Alderman, that so the Alderman may ordain for the " amendment thereof. And this you shall not fail " to do. — So God you help, and the Saints." p 209bi Oath of the Bedels. Page 313. " You shall swear, that well and honestly you shall " keep the Ward of which you are Bedel ; and shall " suffer no man accused of robbery or of evil covin, " or huckster of ale, or woman keeping a brothel, or " other woman commonly reputed of bad and evil Hfe, " to dwell in the same Ward, but you shall forthwith " shew the names of such unto the Alderman, to the end " that he may have them turned out within fifteen days. " And if Alderman do it not, you shall at once, and " after the fifteen days ended, make known the same " unto the Mayor. And if any one shall make affray, " or draw sword, or knife, or other weapon, you shall " make known the same unto the Chamberlain of the City " or unto the Sheriffs, that so they be able to make " levy by their Serjeants of such misdoers, in manner " ordained for keeping the peace of our Lord the King. " And also, you shall return good and lawful folks " upon Inquests at the Hustings, and before the Sheriffs " and Coroners, and not folks suspected of mainte- " nance of parties [to the suit]. And the returns " that you shall make, you shall shew unto your " Alderman two or three days before the Hustings* " that he may see if your return is sufficient or no. " And that you shall know no poultry or other small " victual, or malt, or corn, to be received in any privy " place, or to be sold in secret, or against the ordinance " of the Mayor, but you shall warn the Mayor and " the Sheriffs thereof; nor shall you be officer in " any Court Christian during your office of Bedel- " ship ; nor shall you brew, by yourself or by any PHI.] OATH OF THE BROKERS. 127 " other, to sell ; or keep an oven, or a cart for hire ; " nor shall you be a regrator of any victuals, or a " huckster of ale, or a partner with such. And all " other things which unto your office pertain to do, " well and lawfully you shall do. — So God you help, " and the Saints." Oath of those who shall be put under Frank-pledge. F.209.b. Page 315. " You shall swear, that you shall be good and true " unto the King of England and to his heirs, Kings, " and the King's peace you shall keep ; and unto the " officers of the City you shall be obedient, and at all " times that shall be needful, you shall be ready to " aid the officers in arresting misdoers, and those " disobedient to the King's peace, as well denizens as " strangers. And you shall be ready, at the warning " of the Constables and Bedels, to make the watches " and [to bear] the other charges for the safeguard of " the peace, and all the points in this Wardmote shown, " according to your power you shall well and lawfully " keep. And if you know any evil covin within the " Ward or the City, you shall withstand the same, or " unto your Alderman make it known. — So God you " help, and the Saints." Oath of the Brokers. Page 315. F.209.b. " You shall swear, that you shall not deal, by your self or by any other, in any merchandize whereof you shall make brokerage ; nor shall you make any bargain if you do not bring the seller and the buyer together, and lawfully witness the bargain between them ; and no bargain shall you make between alien and alien of any wares. And all the bargains which you shall have to make, you shall effect them as well 128 LIBER ALBUS. [B, III, " for the poor as for the rich ; and you shall take for " no brokerage more than at the Guildhall is and shall F.2io.a. " be ordained. And you shall make no bargain of " usury, under pain of paying one hundred pounds " unto the Chamber, as also of incurring the penalty " for usury for Brokers heretofore ordained. And if " you shall know of any man meddling with any " brokerage within the franchise of the said city, who " has not been admitted by the Mayor and Aldermen, " and sworn unto the said city, you shall make such " known unto the Mayor and Chamberlain of the said " city for the time being.— So God you help, and the " Saints." •p. 210. a. Oath of the Ale-Conners. Page 316. " You shall swear, that you shall know of no brewer " or brewster, cook, or pie-baker, in your Ward, who " sells the gallon of best ale for more than one penny " halfpenny, or the gallon of second for more than " one penny, or otherwise than by measure sealed " and full of clear ale ; or who brews less than he " used to do befpre this cry, by reason hereof, or with- " draws himself from following his trade the rather " by reason of this cry ; or if any person shall do " contrary to any one of these points, you shall certify " the Alderman of your Ward [thereof] and of their " names. And that you, so soon as you shall be re- " quired to taste any ale of a brewer or brewster, shall " be ready to do the same ; and in case that it be less " good than it used to be before this cry, you, by assent " of your Alderman, shall set a reasonable price there- " on, according to your discretion ; and if any one " shall afterwards sell the same above the same price, " unto your said Alderman you shall certify the same. " And that for gift, promise, knowledge, hate, or other " cause whatsoever, no brewer, brewster, huckster, cook, " or pie-baker, who acts against any one of the points PHI.] OATH OF UNDER-SHERIFFS AND THEIR CLERICS. 129 " aforesaid, you shall conceal, spare, or tortiously ag- " grieve ; nor when you are required to taste ale, " shall absent yourself without reasonable cause and " true ; but all things which unto your office pertain " to do, you shall well and lawfully do. — So God you " help, and the Saints." Oath of the Under-Sheriffs, and of their Clerks. F.2io.a. Page 317. " You shall swear, that well and lawfully you shall " serve your masters who are elected Sheriffs of London " and Middlesex for the year next to come ; and that " you shall not fail, for gift, or for favour, or for pro- " mise, or for hate, to deal equal law and right unto " all manner of persons, as well poor as rich, denizens " as strangers, who before you shall plead, without " making maintenance of any one's suit. And that, " to the best of your power, you shall not suffer other " persons to be summoned upon Inquests or juries " than such as are good and lawful, and not of kindred " to, or procured by, [either] party. And all pleas that " before you shall be pleaded, you shall lawfully re- '•' cord the same, and your diligence shall use to over- " see that the said pleas are well and lawfully entered " and enrolled, at the suit and prayer of the party, you " taking reasonable payment for the entry [thereof]. " And no one's right you shall withstand, and no " extortion unto any person, by colour of your office, " or of the office of your masters, do ; and no judg- " ment you shall retard, without reasonable cause. " Also, the franchise of the said City you shall keep and " maintain to the utmost of your power ; and obedient " you shall be unto the Mayor and to the Judges " of the said City ; and good counsel unto them, ac- " cording to your power and wit, in all things touch- " ing the government of the City and the common VOL. III. I 130 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. " profit of the people, you shall give ; their counsel " you shall keep, and no one you shall amerce more " highly than is by the Common Council of the City " ordained : and for fines for affrays and bloodshed, " without any concealment, you shall unto the Cham- " berlain lawfully account, in manner thereupon or- " dained. And that you shall not suffer your fermors " to take any other customs than those which are due " and reasonable, and anciently of usage in the said city. " And that the Writs which come to you touching the " state and the franchise of the City, you shall not " return, before that you have shown the same unto " the Mayor for the time being, and unto the Council " of the City ; and that of them you shall have know- " ledge ; and the issues, fines, and amercements that " come to you under the Green- Wax or the Pipe, you " shall lawfully levy, and no part of them increase; F.2io.b. " and those who shall have paid, you shall well and " lawfully discharge, and shall not again make demand " thereof. And that you shall charge the grooms of " the Serjeants who take cartage in the City, upon " their oath, that they shall take no more cartage " than they ought to take ; nor shall aggrieve '.folks " coming to the City with their victuals, by way of " [taking] cartage that is for their own wares : and " that you shall deliver no judgment contrary to any " Ordinances made by the Mayor and Common Council " of the said city, if the same have not been by the " said Council withdrawn or amended ; and that in " these things and all others touching your office well " and lawfully you shall behave and comport your- " self. — So God you help, and the Saints," F.2io.b. Oath of the Sheriffs' Serjeants. Page 318. " You shall swear, that well and lawfully you shall " behave yourself in your office, and shall be obedient PHI.] OATH OF THE SHERIFFS' GROOMS. 131 " unto the Mayor and to the Judges of the same city, " and their honour, so far as in you lies, shall save ; "- and no fines and amercements you shall levy of any " person, poor or rich, greater than those which shall be " contained in the estreats which shall be delivered " unto you by the Court ; and no extortion you shall " commit by colour of your office against any such. " And due and dihgent execution of whatsoever you " shall be charged with by the authorities of the City, " lawfully and without delay you shall perform. And " upon Inquests good and lawful folks you shall " return, and not, by your assenting thereto, persons " suspected or procured ; and no execution for your " private profit you shall delay ; and the Ordinances " unto which the Common Council of the City have ' " agreed, for the peace of our Lord the King and for " the common profit of the people, to the best of your " wit and power you shall maintain and keep ; and " towards the common people well and peaceably you " shall conduct yourself. — So God you help, and the " Saints." Oath of the Sheriffs' Grooms. Page 319. F.2io.b. " You shall swear, that you shall be obedient unto " the Mayor and superiors of the City, and shall by " colour of your office no extortion commit ; and that " you shall take no more cartage than for the time " shall be needed, nor shall aggrieve folks coming to " the City with their victuals, by way of [taking] " cartage that is for their own wares ; and that the " punishments upon judgment given, wherewith you " shall be charged by your superiors, in good and " righful manner you shall execute, without giving " warning unto any guilty persons, privily or openly. " And that in all other your deeds and words as a " good and lawful man you shall comport yourself. — " So God you help, and the Saints." I 2 132 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. [ARTICLES OF THE WARDMOTES, AND THE INQUESTS THEREOF.] F.2is.a. Of the Peace. Page 332. In the first place, that the peace of God and Holy Church, and the peace of our Lord the King, be strictly kept between clerks and laymen, rich and poor, in common. F.2i3.a. Of Strangers. Page 332. Item, that no person be resident or harboured within the Ward, if he be not of good repute and under frank pledge charged before the Alderman of the Ward, even though he have been under frank-pledge in another Ward. F.2i3.,i. Of the same. Page 332. Item, that no one receive a stranger in his house beyond a day and a night, if he be not willing to have him ready to stand his trial, if it so happen that he offends. F.2i3.a. Of Courtesans and Procuresses. Page 332. Item, that no woman of lewd life, bawd, courtesan, or common scold, be resident in the Ward ; but be forthwith removed by the Alderman and driven out of the Ward, or else be brought by the - constables and bedel unto the Compter, and there to remain in man ner that is provided in the Article as to the Peace. F.2i3.a. Of erecting Furnaces. Page 332. Item, that no man or woman erect any furnace or furnaces, or place any hearth beneath where they are ; pHI.] WARDMOTE REGULATIONS. 133 or any reredos where a fire is made for preparing bread or ale, or for cooking meat, near unto partitions, laths, or boards, above or in a solar, or elsewhere, by reason whereof accident by fire may easily arise. And if any such there be, that the Scavagers cause the same im mediately to be removed or destroyed ; for doing the which, the Scavagers shall have four pence for every such nuisance so removed or destroyed. Of Chimneys. Page 333. F.2i3.a, Item, that no chimney be, from henceforth made, ex cept of stone, tiles, or plaster, and not of timber, under pain of being pulled down. Of Rebellious Persons. Page 333. F.213.* Item, if there be any one, whether foreigner or de nizen, who is not willing to be amenable unto the officers of the City who have the peace of our Lord the King to keep, all folks belonging unto the peace shall be ready and prepared to come in aid of the officers, for arresting and bringing to justice such dis obedient persons, according as the law demands. Of Scotale. Page 333. *-™-z- Item, that no person of the Ward make Scotale in the same Ward, or in any other place within the fran chise, under pain of imprisonment. Of Labourers. Page 334. F.2i3.a, Item, that no one hire or pay masons, carpenters, daubers, tilers, or any other labourers whatsoever, otherwise than according to the Assize thereon by the F.21S.a. ] 34 LIBER ALBUS. [B. Ill Common Council of the City ordained, under pain of paying unto the Chamber double the amount of the excess. Of Ladders. Page 334. Item, that all persons who dwell in great houses within the Ward, have a ladder, or two, ready and prepared to succour their neighbours in case misad venture shall happen by fire. F.2i3.a. Of Barrels filled with Water. Page 334. Item, that all persons who occupy such houses, have in summer-time, and especially between the Feast of Pentecost and the Feast of Saint Bartholomew [24 August], before their door a barrel full of water for quenching such fire; if it be not a house that has a fountain of its own. F.2i3.a. Of the Carpenters' work in Houses. Page 334, Item, that no house within the liberties be other wise covered than with lead, tile, or stone ; and if any such there be, that the same be forthwith rased by the constables and scavagers, they taking for their trouble as before [stated]. F.2i3.a. Of Crooks of Iron. Page 335. Item, that the reputable men of the Ward, with the Alderman, provide a strong crook of iron with a handle of wood, together with two chains and two strong cords; and that the bedel have a good horn, and loudly sounding. PHI.] WARDMOTE REGULATIONS. 135 Of Dirt. Page 335. Item, that no person throw straw, dust, dung, 1 saw dust, or other nastiness, into the streets [or lanes, but cause the same to be taken by the rakers or others to the places ordained for receiving such dirt, under penalty of two shillings [to be paid] unto the Chamber. F.213.a. Of Rakers. Page 335. Item, that they have rakers sufficient for cleansing the Wards of divers refuse ; and order the constables, with the bedel, to help them to collect their salary from the folks of the Ward. F.2I3. a. Of Swine and Cows. Page 335. Item, that no persons rear swine, oxen, or cows, within their houses, under pain of forfeiture thereof unto the Chamber. F.213.b. Of Sealed Measures. Page 335. Item, that all persons who sell by measure within the Ward, that is to say, by gallon, pottle, and quart, quarter, bushel, half-bushel, and peck, shew all their measures four times in the year unto the Alderman, at such place as he shall think proper to assign, under pain of paying two shillings to the use of the Alder man ; and there they shall be sealed with the seal of the Alderman, if the same be not sealed with the seal of the Chamber : and [the party] shall pay for the seal of a gallon two pence, and for the seal of a pottle one penny, and for the quart one halfpenny ; for F. 213. b. 1 This is, perhaps, the meaning of ' wodegor'; a word that has not been met with elsewhere. If read as two words, it may mean 'refuse- wood ' and mud.' 136 LIBER ALBUS. [B. Ill, the quarter eight pence, for the bushel two pence, and for the half-bushel one penny, and for the peck one halfpenny. And if any measures be, upon the assay of the Alder man, smaller than they ought to be, let the same be burnt forthwith in the principal street of the Ward, that so they may not serve another time ; and the name of him who has used them shall by the bedel be presented unto the Chamberlain, and [such person] amerced according to his deserts. And if it be found that the bedel puts the mark upon a false measure, let him have judgment of the pillory. F-2i3-*>. Of Stalls. Page 336. Item, that no stalls be beyond the house of a greater breadth than two feet and a half ; and let the same be moveable and flexible, at the discretion of the Alderman, according as the streets or lanes are broad or narrow. F.2i3.b. Of Penthouses. Page 336. Item, that the penthouses be so high that persons may easily go and ride beneath the same ; and if there be any such lower than they ought to be, let the same be amended by the end of fifteen days after notice given thereon by the constables, scavagers, or bedel ; or otherwise, let the same by them be demolished, they taking for their trouble four [pence], as above. F.2i3.b. Inquisitions at the Wardmotes. Page 337. You shall present if the peace of our Lord the King has been broken, or any affray made within the Ward since the last Wardmote, and by what person or per sons the same was done; or if there has been any PHI.] WARDMOTE INQUISITIONS. 137 covin or assemblage against [the peace of our Lord the King]. Item, if there is any one resident or harboured within the Ward, who is not a lawful person, or not of good fame, or under frank-pledge. Item, if any woman of lewd life, or common scold, or common bawd, or courtesan, is resident within the Ward. Item, if there is any oven, furnace, or defective reredos, within the Ward, whereby it is likely that misadventure by fire may arise ; or if any persons use other fuel than wood or charcoal, against the Ordi nance of the City. Item, if any taverners, brewsters, hostelers, or chand lers, sell without measures sealed with the seal of the Alderman or of the Chamber of the Guildhall ; and if any one of them sells against the assize made thereon by the Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council of the City; and if any one of them receives gamesters or other riotous persons after the hour forbidden by the Ordinance of the City ; and if there are any persons in the Ward who are outlawed. Item, if there is any huckster in the Ward. Item, if any house in the Ward is covered with any other roofing than tiles, lead, [or] stone, and none with reeds or straw. Item, if there is any one whose custom it is to place filth in any streets and, lanes within the Ward, and offensively before the doors of others. F.2i4.a. Item, if any swine or cows are reared within the Ward, to the annoyance of the neighbours. Item, if any leper is resident in the Ward. Item, if any bargain of usury has been made within the Ward since the last Wardmote. Item, if any purprestures are made in the streets or lanes, or upon the walls or fosses of the City, or upon the Thames or other common soil within the Ward. 138 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. Item, if any baker of tourte [bread] bakes white bread, or the converse. Item, if [there ai?e] any persons in the habit of wan dering within the Ward after forbidden hours, and in manner forbidden by the Common Council of the City. Item, if any officer of the City has made any extor tion or affray within the Ward under colour of his office, to the wrong and detriment of any person ; and what it is that has been so done, and how done ; or if any person is a maintainer or 1 champertor of litigation that is carried on within the Ward. Item, if any person pays, or gives as wages unto, masons, carpenters, daubers, tilers, or any other labourers whatsoever, more than is ordained. Item, if any ale-stake of any tavern is longer or projects further than is ordained. 1 One who encourages litigation with the view of sharing in the profits resulting therefrom. PHIL] THE MAKING AND SALE OF ALE. 139 THIRD BOOK. PART THE THIRD. Of the Sale of Ale. Page 358. p.aie.a. "Let proclamation be made, that every brewer and " brewster sell the gallon of best ale for one penny " halfpenny, and the gallon of second for one penny " and not more, to any person ; and that they make " and brew as good ale, or better, as they' were wont " before the proclamation, lately made in this same " year and place. And that every vessel that is " brought or removed unto any brewhouse to be filled, " stand there one day and one night, full of ale for " working; and that upon the second morning, at the " taking away thereof, it be well filled with good " and clear ale. And that every brewer and brewster F.2io.b. " follow his and her trade in such manner as they " were wont, brewing as much as such person has " been accustomed, and not less by reason of this " Ordinance. And if any brewer or brewster be not " willing to brew, or brew less than such person was " wont to brew, let such person be held to be a with- " holder of victuals from the City, and for such dis- " obedience and malice incur the penalty of imprison- " ment, at the will of the Mayor for the time being ; " and nevertheless, let such person forswear the said " trade within the franchise of the City for ever. " And that each brewer and brewster, so soon as ever " such person shall have made a brewing, send for the " Aleconners of the Ward wherein they dwell, to taste " the ale, that so he or she sell no ale before that the " said Aleconners have assayed the same, under pain of " forfeiture of the same ale so sold ; one half thereof " to go to the Chamber, and the other half to the said " Aleconners ; the which Aleconners shall be elected in 140 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. " each Ward of the said City, according to the advice " and assent of the Alderman and reputable men of " the same Ward, and shall be removed when they " please. And that the Aleconners, or two of them, " be always ready, when they are required, to taste " any ale and to perform their duty, under pain of " imprisonment, at the will of the Mayor. And in case " that any ale be not so good as it was wont to be, " that the same be then sold according to the price set " thereupon and ordained, by assent of the Alderman " of the Ward and of the Aleconners deputed there- " unto. And if any man or woman sell the gallon " of best ale at a higher price than one penny half- " penny, and the gallon of second at a higher price " than one penny, as is aforesaid, and shall thereof he " attainted, let him or her pay, the first time, forty " pence ; that is to say, one half thereof to the Cham- " ber and the other half to the Aleconners of the " Ward. And if such person be a second time thereof " attainted, let him or her pay half a mark ; and if " a third time, one mark, to be divided equally in " manner aforesaid. And if such person be a fourth " time thereof attainted, let him or her forswear the " said trade within the franchise of the City for ever. " And if any brewer or brewster be attainted by any " other person than an Aleconner, of having acted " in contravention of the point aforesaid, let the " Chamber have one half of the sum forfeited, and " the person at whose suit he or she shall have been " attainted, and the Aleconners of the Ward, the other " half, equally to be divided between them. And if " any person sell by measure not sealed, or at a higher " price than is ordered by the said Alderman and " Aleconners, [or] in case that the ale be not so good " as it was wont to be, as is before mentioned, let such " person be imprisoned and make fine, at the will of the " Mayor. And further, let the Alderman in each Ward " have power to sell the gallon of ale at such price PHIL] REGULATIONS FOR THE SALE OF ALE. 141 " as he shall think fit, in case the brewer or brewster " "be attainted before him of having sold the gallon of " ale at a price between the prices above limited. " Item, that no brewer or brewster sell any manner " of ale unto any huckster, under pain of paying " to the use of the Chamber the value of the ale so " sold, and of his or her body [being committed] to " prison, at the will of the Mayor." Of Ale. Page 360. F.2ie.b. " Item, that no huckster from henceforth buy any " manner of ale for resale, under pain of losing the " ale so bought, or the value thereof; one-half [to " go] to the Chamber, and the other to the Ale-con- " ners of the Ward ; the body of such person being " also [committed] to prison, at the will of the Mayor, " And if any Aleconner, for gift, promise, or favour, " shall screen any brewer, brewster, or huckster, who " has contravened any of the points aforesaid, or shall " not duly perform his office, as is aforesaid, without " sparing any person, man or woman, and without " tortiously aggrieving, and shall thereof be attainted, " let him incur the penalty of imprisonment for eight f. 217. a. " days, without redemption or pardon granted by the " Mayor or any other person whatever ; and let him " make fine, at the discretion of the Mayor for the " time being:.' -*&• Of the same. Page 361. p-2".a. " Item, that no brewer or brewster sell any ale to " any person for resale ; and that no one buy it of " any brewer or brewster for resale, under pain of " forfeiture of all the ale so sold or bought, and of " imprisonment of his or her body at the will of the " Mayor. But let it be fully lawful for all hostelers " to buy their ale of brewer or brewster, so far " as they shall need the same for their guests ; pro- " vided always, that they sell unto their said guests 142 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. " only at the price of two pence per gallon, and no " more ; and ihat, by sealed measure, gallon, pottle, " and quart, under the penalty and pain of imprison- " ment aforesaid." F.2i8.b. Writ against Usurers. Page 367- " Edward, by the grace of God, King of England, " Lord of Ireland and of Acquitaine, to our well- " beloved the Mayor, Aldermen, Sheriffs, and all the " Commonalty of our City of London, greeting. " Whereas we have heard that from day to day you " do your utmost to put an end to the horrible vice " and knavery of usury and 'extortion, which have " been long suffered and upheld in our said city ; we '' do heartily congratulate you upon the same, and do " command and charge you, upon the fealty and alle- " giance that you owe unto us, that you continue your " diligence in this respect from one day unto another, " and that you make thereon, for better certainty, a " reasonable Ordinance among yourselves for punishing " brokers who assent to such bargains by bodily " punishment, and the principal actors therein by " forfeiture of their chattels and imprisonment of their " bodies, in such manner as you shall be best advised " to do, according to what is right ; and that you ap- " point from among yourselves two Aldermen of the " most sufficient, who meddle not with such bargains, " and four commoners of the most sufficient among " you, the said Commonalty, also in no way involved " in such bargains, to be associated to sit with the " Mayor each time that such manner of disputes shall " be brought or agitated before him ; and that they " hold final discussion thereupon, according to the " Ordinance aforesaid, without sparing any one. And " [we do order] that you do inflict punishment for all 1 There is, apparently, no exactly I for ' male clievance,' meaning ' evil corresponding English expression 1 ' acquisition of property.' PtHI.] ORDINANCE AGAINST USURERS. 143 " manner of such contracts made within our said city " and your franchise, as well by foreigners as by " denizens ; understanding for certain that we do hold " him guilty in this respect, who shall counterplead " the said Ordinance. And we do command and " charge you, that after you shall have assented there- " to, and shall have caused to be engrossed in writing " the said Ordinance, you do cause the same to be " proclaimed and published throughout all our said '' city, that so every man may know the same, and " may strictly observe it always, without corrections " and adjustments thereof by us and by our Council ; " certifying us in our Chancery of the same Ordinance " when you shall so have made it. Given under our " Privy Seal at Westminster, the 7th day of March, " in the eight-and-thirtieth year of our reign." An Ordinance against Usurers. Page 368. F.2is.b. " Whereas heretofore the City of London has sus- " tained great mischiefs, scandals, and damages, and in " time to come might sustain the same, by reason of " certain persons who, neither for fear of God nor for " shame of the world, do cease, but rather do daily exert " themselves, to maintain the false and abominable con- " tract of usury, under cover and colour of good and " lawful trading ; the which kind of contract, the " more subtly to deceive folks, they call ' exchange ' or " ' chevisance ;' whereas it might more truly be called f. 219. a. " 1 ' wickedness/ seeing that it ruins the honour and the " soul of the agent, and sweeps away the goods and " property of him who appears to be accommodated, " and destroys all manner of right and lawful traffic, " whereby, as well throughout all the land as the said " city, they ought principally to be upheld and main- " tained. Wherefore, all the good folks of the city " aforesaid, that is to say, the Mayor and Aldermen, 1 ' Mescheaunce? 144 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. with the assent of the Commons, to the honour of God in especial, and for the amendment and relief of the people, as also for eschewing the mischiefs, scandals, damages, and knavery aforesaid, have or dained and established that no one of the said city, nor any other person whatever, as well of foreign lands as of this land, shall be so daring from hence forth as to intermeddle with, or carry out, such false bargains. And hereupon, they have ordained and established, that if any person of the said city, or any other person whatever, shall be attainted from henceforth of having made and accomplished any such bargain, and the person upon whom the loss has fallen shall think proper to make complaint unto the Mayor for the time being, within forty days after his day of payment, the said Mayor shall forthwith cause distraint to be made upon him who shall be impeached thereof, as well by his body as by all his goods ; and that when he shall have been attainted, he shall be kept in prison, with out mainprise, until such time as he shall have made full restitution unto the other party of what he has so lost, as also, until he shall have discharged him of all manner of obligations, instruments, sentences, or other claims whatsoever, touching the said bar gain ; and further, until he shall have made [amends] unto the Chamber of the Guildhall for the contempt, — that is to say, [by payment of] a like sum to that which he would have falsely gained if the said bar gain had remained in force. And in case that the party so aggrieved, through fear or for any other cause whatsoever, shall not think proper to make complaint within forty days, as is before stated, it is agreed that any person whatever, who shall think proper to sue on behalf of the King and the City for con viction of such knavery, shall be heard. And if any person shall be attainted in such manner, either by indictment or in any other manner, let him have prill.] ORDINANCE AGAINST USURERS. 145 " the same punishment, so far as paying a fine unto " the Chamber ; and in addition thereto, he shall pay " as much unto the said Chamber as he ought to " have paid unto the party, if he had been attainted " at the suit pf the party. And the said good folks " do will, that every person who shall be attainted " three times of such knavery, shall forswear the said " city for ever without ransom, under penalty of per- " petual imprisonment ; and that no person who shall " be so impeached shall be allowed to have any other " counsel than himself, for making answer unto such " matter. And whereas such bargains are but rarely " carried out without false brokers, who for their own " profit do often intermeddle so as to deceive both " parties, the said good folks have also ordained and " established, that all those who shall from henceforth " be attainted of acting as brokers in such knaveries, " shall, the first time, be put in prison for one whole " year; and if they shall be a second time attainted " thereof, that they shall forswear the said city for ever, " and shall be led through the City, with their heads " uncovered, unshod [and] without girdle, upon horses " without saddles ; and shall be so escorted from the f. 219. b, " midst of the place unto without one of the Gates of " the said city ; that so, all others may be warned " through them, and be the more abashed to commit " such or other like knaveries. And be it made known, " that the intention is of all the good folks, that the " punishments aforesaid shall be incurred as well by " those who shall be attainted of being partners in " the said bargains, as by the principals [therein.] And " be it made known, that this Ordinance extends as well " unto foreigners as unto denizens, in respect of all " manner of such bargains made within the said fran- " chise. It is also ordained and established, the more " utterly to root out such knaveries, that four times " in each year Inquisitions shall be taken for each " Ward of the City, before the Mayor for the time VOL. III. K 146 LIBER ALBUS. [B. II. " being; that is to say, by the best and most trust- " worthy persons who shall be found within the said " Wards ; such persons being diligently examined upon '' the same business. And also, all the good folks do " will, that each Alderman be charged to make en- " quiry at his Wardmote in the same manner. And " to the end that people may the better distinguish " and know false and deceitful exchange from that " which is good and allowable, and also harmful con- " tract from that which is right and proper, as well " for the better eschewing scandals upon good and " lawful merchants, as for discovering the malice and " deceit of subtle and false compassers : — It is further " ordained and strictly established, as a profitable con- " elusion unto all the matter aforesaid, that there shall " be chosen two Aldermen and four Commoners of " good repute and good discretion, and guiltless of " such misdeeds ; before whom, or three, or four of " them, in presence of the Mayor for the time being, " all such complaints shall be heard and determined, " and the contracts wisely examined, that so deceit " and falsehood may not lie concealed in any manner " therein. The which well and lawfully to accom- " plish, the Aldermen and Commoners so chosen shall " be especially charged upon their oaths, that, without " having regard to any, but unto God only and their " loyalty, they shall use their best diligence according " to the form and manner aforesaid. And if any of " such Aldermen or Commoners shall be attainted " (which may God forbid) of having taken substance " [or] gift, in money or in goods, from any one of the " parties in such a case, or of promise before made " between them by covin, such person shall forswear " the Guildhall and shall pay unto the Chamber four " times the sum which he shall have so received, or ' which he may think to have by reason of promise " before made." fhil] fraudulent bills of exchange. 147 Letter under the Privy Seal against tortious Contracts f. 219. b. of Exchange. Page 371. " Edward, by the grace of God, King of England, " Lord of Ireland and of Acquitaine, to the Mayor and " Sheriffs of London, greeting. We are continually " pressed by divers complaints of the great and of the " commons of our realm, for that many merchants and " others, dwelling in our city of London, colourably " and subtly have made, and do make from day to day, " divers exchanges of money and of other things that " do not concern the dealings of lawful merchandize; f. 220. a, " whereby very great damage has accrued unto our- " selves and to our people, and more will accrue (which " may God forbid) if remedy be not applied thereto. " We do therefore command and charge you, upon the " fealty and allegiance which unto us you owe, that " in all best manners and ways that you know of or " may, you do cause diligently, and from time to time, " enquiry to be made as to such exchanges, and as to " the persons who have made [the same], and who shall " from henceforth make the like, be they Lombards, " French, English, or of any other nation or condition " whatsoever ; as also, for whom and for what cause, " how and in what manner, and in regard to what " town, country, or place, such exchanges have been " effected or shall hereafter be effected; and that, " ia so far as you may find thereon by such Inquisi- " tions or by other credible information, you do certify " successively ourselves and our Council thereon, with- " out shewing remissness or favour in such case in " behalf of any person whomsoever : to the end that " such amendment and remedy may be applied thereto " in fact as has been heretofore ordained thereon ; and " that our said people may have neither matter nor " cause for making complaint unto us for the same " reason. And further, you are to cause to be called " before you all and singular the merchants and other K 2 148 liber albus. [b. hi. " persons, who do make, and whom you reasonably " think to have, or do hold in suspicion of having, '•' made, or of being about to make, any exchanges " within our said city and throughout all your juris- " diction ; and to cause the same to be sworn upon " the Holy Evangelists of God, and charge them on our " behalf, under pain of forfeiture of body and of goods, " that they, without our especial leave, by letters under " our Privy Seal, make not, nor suffer to be made, " any exchange with any person other than a lawful " [and] known merchant, or in behalf of any person, " other than one known as a lawful merchant, and that " by way of lawful merchandize, and as to things mer- " chandizable, exported from our realm or imported " into the same, without favouring, comforting, aiding, " or sustaining, under shadow or colour proceeding from " them, any other persons, of whatsoever condition they " may be, in making any drawback or payment out " of our said realm, in deceit, fraud, or defeasance, of " the effect and tenor of the Ordinance thereon made. " And this matter you shall cause so duly and dili- " gently to be observed and put in execution, that no " fraud may be committed therein by means of any " exchanges or exchangers whatsoever, against the effect " or intention of our present command ; as we do " put our trust in you, and as you would preserve " yourselves from harm. Given under Privy Seal at " our Castle of Wyndesor, this 29 th day of July, in " the year of our reign thirty-nine." f. 221.H. That no Person shall go by water or by land to regrate Fish. Page 377. It is provided and commanded by the Seneschal of our Lord the King, that from henceforth no fish monger of the City of London be so daring, under penalty of forfeiture of goods and chattels, and of im- PHIL] OF THE BASKETS OF FISHMONGERS. 149 prisonment of his body, as to go forth from the City of London by water, or by land, to meet sea-fish or freshwater-fish, his own or another's, coining towards the City aforesaid in boats or on horses, or to dispose of the same fish, or to send any part thereof unto any great lord, or unto any [house of] religion, or to re- grate the same, or 1 [to do] anything whereby to withhold the same fish from the' City, until the hour of the day for the sale of fish shall be past, and the buyers for the King shall have made their purchases in the King's behalf. And if any person be attainted >'¦ 221. b. thereof, let him incur the penalty aforesaid. Of tlie Baskets of Fishmongers. Page 378. r.22i.b. It is also provided and commanded, that from hence forth the fishmongers of the city aforesaid, and their partners, shall so ordain that their baskets, in which they bring their fish from the sea, be more convenient and of larger size ; and that from henceforth each basket contain in itself but one manner of fish. And that no one of the fishmongers aforesaid, or of their partners, be so daring as falsely to 2 dub their baskets ; that is to say, to make a show at the top of the basket of desirable fish, and beneath, in the baskets, to put undesirable fish of little value. And if any person be attainted of so doing, such fish is to be forfeited, and the dubber to be imprisoned; and from thenceforth let him be held as a cheat. And this matter is to be cried at London Bridge and in 3 Elde- fistrate, and elsewhere in the City where need shall be. Of the same. Page 378. F.221.D. It is also provided, that in each basket there shall be one manner of fish, as is aforesaid ; and that each 1 This passage seems defective. I gate Market. 2 A term still known in Billings- I 3 Old Fish Street. 1 50 LIBER ALBUS. [B. Ill- basket shall contain in itself the measure of one bushel. — This matter was proclaimed in London the Friday next before Pentecost, in the year of the reign of King Edward eighteen. f. 221. b. . The Ordinance of the Fishmongers. Page 379. Whereas for some time the reputable men of the trade of fishmongers of London had a certain form, whereby they were boundto buy and sell their fish in certain places and within certain boundaries, according to certain points and certain Articles, which are found in the remembrances of the City ; the which points used to be read in the two 1 Laghalmotes which the reputable men hold in presence of the Sheriffs each year ; but through frequent removal of the Sheriffs and the Bailiffs, [and] through too great sufferance on part of some of the Bailiffs, the said Articles are not duly observed and are abused; by reason whereof it is proper to apply a remedy thereto. — In the time of King Edward, son of King Henry, in the eighth year of his reign, Gregory de Roke[s]ley, the then Mayor of Lon don, with the reputable men, Aldermen of the City, having heard and understood the reasons of the re putable men of that trade, in the way of certain amendments to the Articles aforesaid, which the [said] reputable men delivered for the common profit of the City and of all [other] folks and to the end that from henceforth there may be no doubting, but cer tainty, as to how the folks of the trade ought to comport themselves, have established and assented in such manner as in this book is underwritten. — F.221.D. Of the Hallmotes of the Fishmongers. Page 379. From henceforth, that there shall be two Hallmotes in the year, — one against the Feast of Saint Martin 1 I.e. Law-Hallmotes. Pi III.] REGULATIONS FOR THE SALE OF FISH. 151 [11 November] and the other against Lent. » To which Hallmote shall come all the fishmongers who belong to the Hallmote of the * one fishmongery and the otlier ; and upon such day as the Sheriff shall be able to attend and be there himself, and upon reasonable summons made one day before. And one Hallmote is to be holden at the Bridge and the other at 2 Westfistrete, whither all shall come, to the one and the other. And he of those who shall be in the City who shall make de fault upon summons made, shall give 21 pence without release of aught or any pardon being granted. Of Fresh Fish. Page 380. F.222.a. No man of the City, or other person, is to sell or buy fresh fish for resale before sunrise, or salt fish before the hour of Prime ; and this, as well as to fish that comes by land as by water. So nevertheless, that the reputable men of the trade may sell their own salt fish, in which no 3 foreigner has a share, after sunrise ; and the rest, in winch foreigners have a share, after Prime. No man is to go forth to meet fish, or to send to buy any manner of fish by way of forestalling, either far or near, under pain of forfeiting such fish, whatever it may be. The boundaries are, the Chapel on the Bridge ; Castle Baynard ; and Jordan's Quay. No person is to buy fish in any vessel before the rope has been first brought to shore ; and not then, except in manner before-mentioned. No man of the City is to have partnership with a stranger, nor shall he receive the fish of a strange man ¦ in the way of any manner of partnership, or of 1 Meaning that of salt fish and I 2 West Fish Street stock-fish, as well as of fresh fish. | 3 I.e. person not free of the City. 152 LIBER ALBUS. [B.III. any manner of 1 avowry, either by water or by land. But the strangers [themselves] must come and sell their fish, and must do their best, if one half of the 2 fish is not theirs, for gain or for loss. And as to this the strange partner is to make oath [if he comes], or else the master mariner, if he pleases, if the owner does not come ; and if there be great suspicion as to the same, the partner that is free of the City [must make oath.] p. 222. a. Of Oysters and Whelks. Page 381. And as to oysters, and whelks, and mussels, that come to the City, that no one shall sell them, or avow them, but only those who fish them and bring them ; nor yet any other fish that folks [usually] bring as of their own fishing. And that the King shall have as his custom from the boat that brings five tandels of whelks, one tandel ; to whatever person and persons the whelks belong, whether more or less. And that neither oysters, whelks, nor mussels shall lie for sale beyond two ebbs and a flood. Nor shall any boatload be sold in gross, save that, when the stranger shall not have sold all by noon, resellers may buy the remainder and put the same in their shops and sell it, and not in the boat. Nor shall any stranger [buy] of a stranger. And the reputable men of the trade who have their boats and their own nets, are to sell their fish as they were wont ; and strangers are to sell their own fish that they bring, without avowry of the fish, at the best [price] they may. And that all manner of fish that comes into the City and is enclosed in baskets, must be as good below as 1 Untrue assertion that it is his own. 2 This passage appears contradic tory, and is perhaps imperfect ; the same remark extending to the end of the section. prill.] REGULATIONS FOR THE SALE OF LAMPREYS. 153 above, or better; and each person must see to his basket, that so it is. And he who shall sell other wise, is to lose the fish. And as to sturgeon that comes in barrels, that it must all be of one taking and of one salting. And as to each manner of fish that comes into the City at night, it is not to be removed from the boat before the hour of sunrise aforesaid, whether belonging, that is to say, to foreigner or to denizen ; supposing that it be not in rainy weather that it comes at night. And in such case, it must lie upon the quay of the f. 222. b. City in keeping of the serjeant of the street, until the hour aforesaid. And that no manner of fish that comes by land in baskets shall be harboured in shops or in house ; but [the dealers ] are to sell the same before their shops in view of the people : save as to the reputable men of the trade, who may harbour their own fish upon view of the serjeant ; provided that, without concealing or dis posing of anything, they fully [bring] the same to market for sale on the morrow, under pain, as is be fore mentioned. Of Lampreys. Page 382. F.222.b. And as to lampreys of l Nantes, no one is to conceal or harbour them upon their arrival with a stranger ; but the strangers who bring them are to sell them by the wall of z Saint Margaret's. Nor is any one to buy them for resale, before the fourth day after their arrival. Nor shall any stranger sell them by retail after that time, except to men of repute and to great lords, and 1 The word ' namices ' here is an i 2 New Fish Street ; on the site error on part of tbe original tran- | now occupied by the Monument. scriber for ' Nauntes.' I 154 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. that by the dozen, or by the half dozen, and not in a smaller quantity. F.222.b. Of the Court of the Fishmongers. Page 383. And that they shall have their Court holden by the Sheriffs, or by [their] clerks, with the same manner of pleading, with the same delays, and with the same adjournments as in the Sheriff's own 'house ; that is to say, as to all those in the trade in regard to matters which touch their trade, and the one with another, upon such day as the Sheriff can hear them, himself or by his clerks, for the two marks which it pays unto the Sheriff yearly. F.222.b. Of Apprentices. Page 383. And that from henceforth no one shall take more than two or three apprentices at most, and that only according as he is of ability to support them ; or [shall take] any apprentice for a less term than seven years, and such term to be completed ; and that, by view of four reputable men of the trade, in such man ner that the master and the apprentice, while he is working at the trade, come to the Guildhall, and cause the covenant and the term to be enrolled ; and also do the same at the end of the term, if the death of the one or the other does not dissolve [the apprenticeship]. F.222.1D. Also, of Apprentices. Page 383. And if the master dies within the term, that the apprentice shall come to the Guildhall before the repu- 1 The Sheriffs were in the habit of committing to their Compters after judgment given in their own houses. pnn.] fishmongers' apprentices. 155 table men, to do the same, that so they may provide beforehand that he does not do anything in the trade. Also, that no apprentice shall commence dealing, and no man shall commit 1forecheap against another in dealing hereafter. But the reputable men of the trade are to make their purchases, from henceforth, in a fair manner, without injury done to any other person, and without forecheap. And that neither for anger nor for spite, shall any vendor hold his fish too dear ; and if vendors do so, the Mayor and reputable men shall assign proper persons to assess the same. As concerning those who are now apprentices, that no one shall work after Sunday [next], until such time as his master and he shall have come to the Guildhall, and have caused to be enrolled their covenant and the term. As concerning the Abbot of Saint Alban's, good care must be taken that his buyers buy nothing to be taken out of the City, except for the use of the Abbot and Convent of the house only. No man from henceforth is to buy herrings, mac kerel, or other fish that comes to the City by cart, before the hour of noon, for resale. F.223. a. Sprats are [to be] sold and measured by tandel and half tandel, as from of old they were wont, and not otherwise; and not to be sold in gross by the boatload. The sworn Wardens of the Statutes of the afore said trade, that is to say. — Robert Pykeman, John Cros, a [Robert le Lunge, John Baudri, Adam de Fule- ham the Red, Thomas Cros, Adam de Fuleham the Little, — on the West. Henry de Fingerie, Gilbert Finchard, Ralph de Brumleye, Richard de Chige- welle, Richard le Lunge, Geoffrey Scote, Miles de Oystregate, William de Bolintone, — on the East.] 1 Extortion. 2 Supplied from Liber Custumarum. 156 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. p.223.b. Of keeping the peace. Page 387. For keeping and maintaining the peace of our Lord the King in the City of London and in the suburbs thereof, it is ordained by our Lord the King and his Council, with the assent of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty of the same city of London, in manner following ; — that no one be so daring as to go wan dering about within the said city, or in the suburbs, after the hour of curfew rung out at the church of Our Lady at Bow, unless he be a man known to be of good repute, or his servant, for some good cause, and that with a light ; the which curfew shall be rung at the said church between the day and the f. 224 a. night. And if any one shall be found wandering about contrary to this Ordinance, let him be forth with taken and sent to the prison of Newgate, there to remain until he shall have made fine unto the City for the contempt, and have found good surety for his good behaviour. F.22.b. Of not carrying Corn out of the City. Page 46 1. Item, that no person shall carry corn or malt out of the City, under pain of forfeiture of the same corn and malt ; nor yet [take] any manner of wine from London out of the realm, without especial licence. 1 Or false informer. PHV.] ALTERATION OF ELECTION OF COMMON COUNCIL. 183 [Of the Election of the Common Council by the F.mb. Wards.] Page 462. " By reason that complaint has been made by many " good folks of the town unto the Mayor, that now " is, how that divers times in the Council wont [to " meet] within the Hall and Chambers of the Guildhall, " great tumult and peril have been perceived, both by " reason of the great assemblages there, and too often " by reason of the insufficient persons deputed unto " the said Councils, as oftentimes seen in the judg- " ments of the said Councils, [supported] more by cla- " mour than by reason ; to the great disturbance of " peace and quiet among the people in time past, and " still more likely in time to come, if some remedy " be not provided against the same. Upon which, the " Mayor, with his Aldermen and the good Commons, " did choose certain persons, with deliberation to ad- " vise thereupon how such tumult and peril might best " be avoided and remedied ; the which persons, meet- " ing together upon divers days on the matter aforesaid, " have, by way of remedy for such perils, upon con- " sideration ordained the Articles after-written ; — F. 241. a. " should it be pleasing unto the Mayor and to the other " good folks of the City for a time to make trial of " the same ; to the intent that if welfare and peace " be found in such counsels through the Ordinances " after- written, the same in the name of God may be " confirmed. And if the contrary, which may God " not will, that the same may in due time be amended, " for the common good of all the City. " First, in order to continue the Common Council of " the City by persons sufficient, as well in means as in " understanding, be it ordained, that each year after the " Day of Saint Gregory [12 March], when the Aldermen " shall have been appointed, the Aldermen appointed " for the year ensuing be strictly charged, fifteen days 184: LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. " after the said day, to go and assemble their Wards " for good deliberation, [and] charge them to elect four " of the most sufficient persons that are in their Ward, " making omission for no office that they have held " before, to be of the Common Council for the year " ensuing, and to present the names of the said four " unto the Mayor for the time being ; the which persons " shall be accepted by the Mayor, and ordered to take " their oath, as has been set forth by writing here- " tofore. " Provided always, that the Mayor for the time being '' shall not receive throughout the whole town from any " trade, for the Common Council, beyond eight persons " of such one trade, and no more ; even though it should " happen that more than eight persons of one trade " have been presented and elected ; in which case, as " to the Mayor, by the advice of six Aldermen, there " shall be accepted eight persons of the most suffi- " cient, and the others returned to their Ward, that " other sufficient persons may be chosen in their place, " who are not of the like trade. " And by reason that in some Wards in the City " there may not alwaj's be found four persons, of suffi- " ciency to be of the Council aforesaid, be it ordained " that as to the Wards which are large and of sufficient " inhabitants, in some six, and in some four [be chosen], " and in some two, according as the Wards can effi- " ciently bear the same ; that is to say, from the Ward " of Faryngdone, Crepulgate, Cordewanerestrete, Chepe, " and Bridge, six sufficient persons ; from the Wards of " Vinterye, of Douegate, of Walbroke, of Candelwike- " strete, of Billyngesgate, of the Tower, of Cornhulle, " of Quenehethe, of Langebourne, of Bisshopesgate, of " Aldrichesgate, of Baynardescastel, of Bradestrete, " and of Bredstrete, four sufficient persons ; and from " the Wards of Bassyeshawe, of Colmanstrete, of Lyme- " strete, of Portsokne, and Algate, two sufficient per- " sons ; which amount in all to ninety-six persons ; PHV.] ELECTION OF COMMON COUNCIL BY WARDS. 185 " and this makes the number to be for each Ward, "• one with another, four persons." F. 241. o Of the Confirmation of [the Ordinance as to holding] the Common Council by Wards. Page 464. " Be it remembered, that at the Common Council, " holden on the Friday next before the Feast of the " Purification of Our Lady [2 February], in the seventh " year of the reign of our Lord the King, an Ordinance " was made ; that is to say, whereas of late it was " ordained that the Common Council of the City should " be holden by folks of the trades, — on the said Friday " it was ordained and agreed, that the said Common " Council should be appointed by the folks of the " Wards, (as plainly appears by the said Ordinance F- 241 b. " written in Hhis -Book, folio 173,) to the intent that so " welfare' and peace might be found in such Councils " so chosen by the Wards.2 " And at the Common Council now holden, on Wed- " nesday the Feast of Saint Luke [18 October], in the " ninth year ofthe reign of our Lord the King aforesaid, " whereas the said Ordinance, so ordained for holding " the said Common Council by folks of the Wards, " is found and proved, upon trial, to be good, conve- " nient, and profitable, and for the bettering of the said " city, and the tranquillity thereof; the same Ordinance " is by the Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council, " affirmed, to last for ever, without condition, [such " election being made] by the folks of the Wards, and " not by the folks of the trades." That no one shall be Mayor if he have not first F.24i.b. been Sheriff. Page 464. " Also, it is ordained and agreed, that no person shall " from henceforth be Mayor in the said city, if he have 1 In reference to Letter-Book H, I 2 The words " serroit conferme " from which it is extracted. | here seem to be out of place. 186 LIBER ALBUS. [b. III. " not first been Sheriff of the said city, to the end that " he may be tried as to his governance and bounty, " before he attains to such estate of the Mayoralty." F.24i.b. Of Poulterers. Page 465. Item, that no denizen poulterer shall stand at the Carfeux of Ledenhalle within house or without, with rabbits, game, or other poultry, for sale ; but they are to stand and expose their victuals for sale beside the wall towards the West of the Church of Saint Michael on Cornhulle ; that so the foreign poulterers, with their poultry, may stand by themselves, and may sell then- poultry at the corner of Ledenhalle, without any deni zen poulterer coming or meddling in sale or in purchase with them, or among them, under pain of forfeiture of the poultry sold between them. Item, that the foreign poulterers who enter by New gate and 'Aldrichesgate, shall sell their poultry upon ' the Pavement before the Friars Minors, near the foun tain there. And denizen poulterers are to stand and sell their poultry before the church of Saint Nicholas 2Flesshshameles ; that so they meddle not with the said foreigners in sale or in purchase, under the pain aforesaid. Item, that no denizen poulterers, themselves, or by their wives, or any one on their behalf, shall come to buy any manner of poultry of any foreign poulterer, either privily or openly, before nine struck by the clock ; to the end that the lords and good folks may buy their victuals as they need. And that no poulterer, or other person whatsoever, shall expose for sale any manner of poultry that is unsound or un wholesome to man's body, under pain of punishment by the pillory, and the article being burnt under him. Item, that no foreign [poulterer], who brings poultry . ' Aldersgate. | was the original of the present New s' " Flesh Shambles." This market | gate Market. PHV.] PRICES OF POULTRY. 187 to the City for sale, shall lodge with, or carry his poultry unto the house of, any denizen poulterer, under pain of forfeiture of the same poultry and of imprisonment of the body, as well to the buyer and receiver of the same poultry as to the vendor thereof. But they are to bring their poultry into full market, without selling any poultry out of the market, or in secret, under the penalty aforesaid. Item, that no poulterer, foreigner or denizen, shall sell his poultry dearer than is hereafter specified, under pain of forfeiture of the same poultry. And that if any person shall buy privily, in a secret place, or by covin, any poultry above the said price, he shall lose that which he has so bought, and further, shall be punished at the discretion of the Mayor and Aldermen. The Price of Poultry. Page 466. F.242.a. The best cygnet is to be sold for four pence ; the best purcel, for six pence ; the best goose, for six pence ; the best capon, for six pence ; the best hen, for six pence ; the best pullet, for two pence ; the best rabbit, with the skin, for four pence ; and without the skin, for three pence ; — and no foreigner is to sell any rabbit without the skin : — the best 1 river mallard, for three pence ; the best a dunghill mallard, for two pence halfpenny ; the best teal, for two pence; the best snipe, for one penny ; four larks, for one penny ; the best woodcock, for three pence ; the best partridge, for four pence ; the best plover, for three pence ; the best pheasant, for twelve pence ; the best curlew, for six pence ; a dozen thrushes, for six pence ; a dozen finches,* for one penny ; the best heron, for sixteen pence ; the best bittern, for eighteen pence ; the best brewe, for eighteen pence ; the best egret, for eighteen pence; twelve pigeons, for eight pence. ' The wild duck. I 2 The tame duck. 188 LIBER ALBUS. [B. Ill, f.243. a. Of awarding Damages in Dower. Page 470. Whereas women have heretofore been long and tor- tiously delayed in gaining their dower of tenements and rents of which their husbands have died seised, hy reason that no damages were awarded in such case ; — it is agreed, that from henceforth they shall recover their damages for dower, in such manner from them withheld, regard being had to the value of the tene ments and rents, [and] to the length of the suit which they shall have made. v. 243. a. Of Damages in. a Plea of Debt. Page 471 . Item, that all folks shall recover their damages for debts from them withheld, if the debtors do not make acknowledgment, at their first Court when they shall be summoned thereunto, without any delay ; that is to say, for twenty shillings withheld for one year four shillings, and for more more, and for less less, accordmg to the amount and the time that the debt shall have been withheld. And let there be execution immediately after acknowledgment made, unless the demandant give a [further] day of his own free will. And as to the goods and chattels that shall be taken for debts so acknow ledged, let them be appraised at the next Sheriff's Court, and the day after delivered unto the 1 debtor, if he who shall have made the acknowledgment is not willing to redeem them. And in case the appraisers shall have wrongly appraised them, and he to whom the debt is due is not willing to receive them at the price, let them be delivered unto the appraisers, and from their own goods and chattels let the price be levied. As to plaints now pending in the Sheriffs' Court, if the debtors make acknowledgment at the next Court after that at which this regulation is read and. ' An error, no doubt, for " creditor." PHV.] PROCEDURE FOR RECOVERY OF RENT. 189 notified in the Court where such plaint is pending, let such debtors be absolved from damages ; and if not, let damages in such plaints be awarded, as is before mentioned. Essoins of the King's Service. Page 471: P.s«.a. Item, that no essoin of the King's Service shall be allowed in the Sheriffs' Court for the defendant, ex cept in a case where he shall have pleaded to the country, either to make his law or to bring his suit to, a hearing. And then, if he have not his warranty at the day which he shall have by essoin, let it be adjudged according as the law of the City demands. Of the same. Page 472. t?.w. the Statute of Westminster, the Second, above-written, was con firmed, adding thereto, that salmon-fry was not to be taken throughout the said time at the stanks of mills, or elsewhere, under the same penalty : and that no fisherman or garthman, or other person, of whatever estate or condition he might be, should place from thence forth in the waters of Thames, Humber, Ouse, Trent, or in any other water of the realm, throughout the said time, or at any other time in the year, any nets called " stalkers," or other nets or engines whatsoever, where by the fry or brood of salmon, lampreys, or any other fish whatsoever, might in any manner be taken or destroyed, under the pain aforesaid. And also, whereas it is contained in the same Statute, f. 252. b. that all the waters in which salmon are taken through out the kingdom shall be placed in fence as to the taking of salmon, from the Day of the Nativity of Our Lady [8 September], until the Day of Saint Martin [11 November] ; it is ordained and agreed, that the waters of 'Lowe, Wyre, Merse, Ribbil, and all other ' Probably the Lone or Lune, in Lancashire. 200 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. waters in the County of Lancaster, shall be placed in fence, as to the taking of salmon, from the Day of Saint Michael until the Day of the Purification of Our Lady, and at no otlier time of the year ; by reason that salmon are not seasonable in the said waters during the time aforesaid : and in the parts where such rivers are, there shall be assigned and sworn good and suffi cient Conservators of the said Statute of Westminster, that they may [punish] offenders according to the pe nalty in the same Statute contained, without shewing. any favour therein. f. 252. b. The Statute of King Richard the Second, in the seven teenth year [of his reign]. Of the Conservators of the water of Thames. Page 508. At the Parliament holden at Westminster, the quin- zaine after Saint Hilary [13 January], in the seventeenth year of the reign of King Richard the Second, foras much as neither the Statute of Westminster, the Second, above-written, nor the Statute of the said King Richard, made in the thirteenth year of his reign, above specified, was duly executed, for default of good Conservators, as the said King Richard had understood by plaint unto him in the said Parliament, in his seventeenth year, made : in such Parliament it was accorded and agreed, that the Justices of the peace in all the Counties of England should be Conservators ofthe said Statutes in the Counties in which they should be Justices. And that they, and every of them, at all times when they could attend thereto, should examine the mispri sions and the defaults attempted contrary to the Statutes aforesaid, and also should survey and search all gorces in such rivers, that the same were not too narrow, to the destruction of such fry and brood, but of reasonable opening according to the ancient Assize. PHV.] CON-SERVATORS OF THE WATER OF THAMES. 201 " And that the same Justices, or such of them as shall " find default or misprision against the Statutes afore- " said, shall inflict due punishment upon the trespassers, " according to the contents of the same Statutes. And " that the same Justices shall appoint good and suffi- " cient sub-conservators of the same Statutes, under " them ; who shall be sworn, upon view, to make like " search and punishment, without shewing any favour " therein. And that in addition thereto, the same Jus- " tices, at their Sessions, shall make inquisition, as well " by virtue of their own office as upon the information " of the sub-conservators aforesaid, as to all trespasses, " misprisions, and defaults, committed against any of " the points aforesaid, and shall make to appear before " them those who are indicted ; and if they be con- " victed thereof, they shall have imprisonment, and " make fine, at the discretion of the same Justices. " And if it be at the information of any one of the " sub-conservators aforesaid, the same sub-conservator " is to have one half of the same fine. " And whereas it has been granted unto the citizens F- 253. a. " of London by the progenitors of our Lord the " King, that they may remove and take all kidels in " the waters of Thames and Medeway, and that they " may have the punishments therefor unto the King " pertaining : — our Lord the King, in this present Par- " liament, with the assent aforesaid, hath granted that " the Mayor or Warden of London, for the time being, " shall have the Conservancy of the Statutes afore- " said, and shall make due execution thereof, and like " punishment as is before ordained as to Justices of " the peace, in the said water of Thames from Stanes " Bridge unto London, and from thence throughout in " the same water, and in the said water of Medeway, " so far as pertains unto the said citizens, as is before " mentioned." 202 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. F.253.a. The Statute of King Richard [IL], m the one-and- twentieth year [of his reign]. — Penalty of one hundred marks. — Of Gorces, Mills, Stanks, Stakes, and Kidels. Page 509. At the Parliament holden at Westminster, in the one- and-twentieth year [of the reign] of King Richard the Second, it was ordained that : — " Whereas by the Lord Edward, late King of England, " grandsire of our Lord now reigning, in the five-and- " twentieth year of his reign, because that the common " passage of ships and boats in the great rivers of " England was oftentimes impeded by the raising of " gorces, mills, stanks, and kidels, to the great damage " of the people ; it was accorded and established, that " all such gorces, mills, stanks, stakes, and kidels, as " were raised and set up in the time of King Edward, " son of King Henry, and since, in such rivers, whereby " the ships and boats were impeded, that so they " could not pass as they were wont, should be removed " and clean abated, without being reinstated ; and " that writs should thereupon be sent unto the Sheriffs " of places where it might be necessary, to survey and " enquire, and to make execution thereon ; and also, " Justices were thereupon to be assigned at all times " when need should be. " And afterwards, at the grievous complaint of the " great men and the commons, made in the Parliament " of the said King Edward, the grandsire, in the five- " and-fortieth year of his reign, making plaint by their " petition, that the said Statute was not duly executed " or observed, according to the effect thereof; it was " accorded and established, that the said Statute in " this point should be holden and observed, according " to the effect thereof; adding thereto, that if any " such nuisance should be abated by due process con- " tained in the said Statute, such person as should " cause the said nuisance to be reinstated, and thereof PHV.] CONSERVANCY OF THE GREAT RIVERS. 203 " should be duly attainted, should incur the penalty of '¦' one hundred marks as towards the King, to be " levied by estreat in the Exchequer ; and the like law " should hold as to nuisance made by the heightening " of such gorces, mills, stanks, stakes, and kidels, as to " the new raising thereof, — as in the said Statutes more " fully appears. And now, at the request of the said " Commons, shewing by their petition that the com- " mon passage for ships and boats in the great rivers " of England, and also, meadows and pastures, and " sown lands, adjoining unto the said rivers, are greatly " molested, beset, wasted, and destroyed, by the outr " rageous heightening and straightening of gorces, " mills, stanks, stakes, and kidels, in ancient times " made and raised, before the time of the said King " Edward, son of King Henry ; whereby great damages " and losses have oftentimes befallen the people of the " realm, and will befall them from day to day, if some f. 253.0. " remedy be not applied thereto : — It is accorded and " established, with the assent aforesaid, that the said " Statutes shall in all their articles be holden and " strictly observed, and duly executed, together with " the penalties, and according to the effect, thereof; " added whereunto, that commissions shall be made in " due form unto sufficient persons to be Justices in " each County of England, where need shall be, for " surveying and guarding the waters and great rivers " there, and for correcting and amending defaults, and " making due execution of the said Statutes, accord- " ing to the effect thereof; as well by their survey, " advice, and discretion, as by Inquests to be taken " thereon, within the franchise and without, [if] and " when need shall be ; and to hear and determine the " matters aforesaid ; and, in addition thereto, to survey " the gorces, mills, stanks, stakes, and kidels, in ancient " times made and raised, before the time of the said " King Edward, son of King Henry ; and those which " they shall find too high or narrow, to correct, 204 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. " abate, and amend, in manner and form aforesaid; " saving always the reasonable subsistence of the " gorces, mills, stanks, stakes, and kidels aforesaid, so " in ancient times made and raised. And if any such " nuisances of gorces, mills, stanks, stakes, and kidels, " of passages and straights, anciently made and raised, " shall be adjudged or awarded by the said Justices to " be abated and amended, he who shall have the free- " hold thereof, shall do execution thereupon, at his " own charges, within half a year after notification " unto him to do the same, under pain of paying one " hundred marks untp the 'King, by estreats in the " Exchequer ; and he who shall cause the same to be " reinstated, or heightened, or straightened, contrary to " the said judgment, and shall thereof be duly con- " victed, shall incur a penalty of one hundred marks, " to be paid unto the King by estreats in the " Exchequer aforesaid. And in case any person " shall feel himself aggrieved by execution or in any " other way in that behalf, contrary to right and " reason, let him sue and have his right and remedy." F.25s.b. The Statute of King Henry, since the Conqitest the Fourth [of that name], in the first year [of his reign]. Of Kidels and of Nets. Page 512. At the Parliament holden at Westminster on the Feast of Saint Faith the Virgin [6 October], in the first year of the reign of King Henry, the Fourth [of that name] since the Conquest, among other Articles, this Article ensuing is ordained : — " Item, whereas Edward, late King of England, in " the five-and-twentieth year of his reign, because that " the common passage of ships and boats, etc.," as 1 above. " And now, at the request of the said Com- 1 See page 202 ante. pi IV.] CONSERVANCY OF THE GREAT RIVERS. 205 " mons, shewing by their petition that the common " passage for ships and boats in the great rivers of " England, and also, meadows and pastures, and sown " lands, adjoining unto the said rivers, are greatly " molested, beset, wasted, and destroyed, by the out- " rageous heightening and straightening of gorces, mills, " stanks, stakes, and kidels, in ancient times made " and raised, before the time of King Edward, son of " King Henry ; whereby great damages and losses " have oftentimes befallen the people of the realm, " and will befall them from day to day, if some remedy " be not applied thereto : — It is accorded and esta- " hlished, with the assent aforesaid, that the said " Statutes shall in all their articles be holden and " strictly observed, and duly executed, together with " the penalties, and according to the effect thereof; " added whereunto, that commissions shall be made in " due form unto sufficient persons to be Justices in " each County of England, where need shall be, for " surveying and guarding the waters and great rivers " there, and for correcting and amending defaults, and f. 254. a. " making due execution of the said Statutes, accord- " ing to the effect thereof; as well by their survey, " advice, and discretion, as by Inquests to be taken " thereon, within the franchise and without, if and " when need shall be ; and to hear and determine the " matters aforesaid ; and in addition thereto, to survey " the gorces, mills, stanks, stakes, and kidels, in ancient " times made and raised, before the said time of King " Edward, son of King Henry ; and those which they " shall find too high or narrow, to correct, abate, " and amend, in manner and form aforesaid ; saving " always the reasonable subsistence of the gorces, " mills, stanks, stakes, [and] kidels aforesaid, so in " ancient times made and raised. And if any such " nuisances of gorces, mills, stanks, stakes, and kidels, " of passages [and] straights, anciently made and 206 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. raised, shall be adjudged or awarded by the said Justices to be abated and amended, he who shall have the freehold thereof, shall do execution there upon, at his own charges, within half a year after notification unto him to do the same, under pain of paying one hundred marks unto the King, by estreats in the Exchequer ; and he who shall cause the same to be reinstated, heightened, or straightened, contrary to the said judgment, and shall thereof be duly convicted, shall incur a penalty of one hundred marks, to be paid unto the King by estreats in the Exchequer aforesaid. And in case any person shall feel himself aggrieved by execution or in any other way in that behalf, contrary to right and reason, let him sue and have his right and remedy." F.254. a. The Statute of King Henry, since the Conquest the Fourth [of that name], i/rt the fourth year [of his reign]. Of levying Fines by Estreats. Page 513. " Item, whereas by gorces, stakes, and kidels, stand ing in the water of Thames and in other great rivers of the realm, the common passage of ships and boats is impeded, and many people perish ; and also, the young fish destroyed, and against reason wasted, and given unto swine to eat, against the pleasing of God and to the great damage of the King and of his people; our said Lord the King, wishing to apply due remedy unto the mischiefs aforesaid, with the advice and assent of the Lords above-mentioned, and at the prayer of the said Com mons, doth will and grant, that the Statutes thereon made shall be holden and observed, and duly put in execution as to all the same ; that commissions shall be made unto certain Justices, and unto others in each County of the realm where need shall be to enquire as to all that is contained in the said PX IT.] PROCESS AS TO NETS TAKEN IN THE THAMES. 207 " Statutes, and to punish those who contravene the " same Statutes, by fine, at their discretion ; — saving " and reserving unto the King, our Lord, the penalties " in the said Statutes in especial comprised. And that " the estreats of such fines shall be delivered by the " said Justices unto the Sheriffs in each County by " indenture ; and that the said Sheriffs shall pay from " the issues and profits arising from the said estreats " unto each of the said Justices, for each day that he " shall be employed in carrying out the said commis- " sion, four shillings. And that the Sheriffs shall have " due allowance from time to time in the Exchequer " therefor." Record of Process, and Judgment as to Nets taken f. 254.0. in the Thames, before the Council of our Lord the King, at Westminster, in the Seventh Tear of the reign of King Henry the Fourth. — Of Kidels, Trimks, and Nets. Judgment as to sixteen Nets. Page 514. Be it remembered, that on the nineteenth day of February, in the seventh year of the reign of our Lord King Henry, since the Conquest the Fourth [of that name], the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty of the City of London appeared here, before the Council of our said Lord the King, at Westminster, and here delivered unto view their Petition, shewing thereby how that they, and their predecessors, from time as to which memory does not run, have had and enjoyed, F.254.D. by reason of divers liberties, franchises, and customs, and also by Charters of the progenitors of our said Lord the King unto them granted, and by the same our Lord the King confirmed, and by divers Statutes made, the conservancy and correction of all kidels, trinks, nets, and other engines whatsoever, in the waters of Thames and Medeway laid, whereby the fish in the said waters spawned, when not seasonable, might be 208 LIBER ALBUS. [B. Ill taken and destroyed, against the Statutes thereon made ; and also, to place under them sub-conservators in the said waters of the Statutes and franchises aforesaid. And that whereas one Alexander Boner, sub-conser vator of the said Statutes in the said waters, by the aforesaid Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty, deputed and sworn, on the ninth day of the said month of February, while performing his duties in the waters aforesaid, did find sixteen nets, which he took; and would have carried them to London, there to be ex amined and adjudged upon before the said Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty, as to whether the same were of reasonable mesh or not ; there came thither, on that same day, John Sampsone, Benet Lorkyn, William Serle, Thomas Rokesle, Benet Kent, John Caude, John Hook, William Segood, Thomas Coole, William Bur- deux, John Merdene, John Scot, John Littelman, John Man, Nicholas Haytone, — of Erehithe ; John Trymcok, Thomas Pesog, — of Prattysferye ; Henry Prakylle, William Olyve, Thomas Squyrelle, John Prakille, — of Berkyng ; Ralph Trymcok, John Man, John Rabelle, John Martyn, Stephen Hogge, John Rydelle, and Ralph Tot, — of Wulwiche, and many others of the Counties of Essexe and of Kent, to the number of two thou sand persons, horribly, by sound raised of the bells of the churches upon the shores of the said waters stand ing, and in guise of insurrection, as persons who would not be ruled according to the law of our said Lord the King, against his crown and dignity arrayed to make war, with bows, arrows, and swords, bucklers, clubs, [and] doors and windows in place of shields ; and upon the said Alexander did make assault, and a great number of arrows at him on the said water of Thames discharge, [and] did in divers boats filled with men in arms him to the town of Berkyng pursue. At the which town the said Alexander landed, and there delivered unto the constables of tlie said town of PHV.] RIOTOUS ASSEMBLAGE OF FISHERMEN. 209 Berkyng, in presence of Thomas Shepey and Stephen Ingelfelde, the sixteen nets aforesaid, until the Mayor should cause the said nets to be sent for, to examine them and adjudge thereon, as before is stated. Upon which day, came the said folks of Erehithe, Prattisferie, Berkyng, and Wolewiche, before-named, unto .the said town of Berkyng, and did take the said nets from the custody of the said constables, wrongfully and against the Statutes, in contempt of our said Lord the King, and against the liberties and franchises of the said city ; wherefore the aforesaid Mayor, and Aldermen, and Commonalty did pray the said Council to provide due remedy therefor. Whereupon, by the same Council command was given unto Simon F.255. a. Blakborne, one of the Serjeants-at-arms of our said Lord the King, to cause to be arrested the said John Sampsone and his accomplices before-named, and to bring thern before the said Council, to make answer unto the matters above stated. By force of which command, the Serjeant-at-arms aforesaid arrested as many of the said persons as he could find, and brought them before the said Council at Westminster, on the one-and-twentieth day of the said month of February ; that is to say, John Samp sone, Benet Lorkyn, John Caude, William Segood, Thomas Cole, John Merden, Nicholas Haytone, [of Erehithe]; John Trymcok, Thomas Pesog, of Prat tisferie ; Henry Prakylle, William Olyve, Thomas Squyrelle, and John Martyn, above-written. Which day being now arrived, because that all the Lords of the said Council, by reason of certain very weighty business that demanded their attention, greatly touching the estate of our said Lord the King and of his realm, could not find time or attend unto the examination of the matter aforesaid ; such examination was committed, by authority of the said Council, unto Messires the Duke of York, and the Lords de Roos VOL, III. 0 210 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. and de Burnelle ; the which, by virtue of such authority, did duly examine the said matter. Upon which examination, the said John Sampsone, Benet Lorkyn, and the others, their accomplices, so arrested and brought before the said Council, were found guilty in this behalf, as well towards our said Lord the King, as towards the Mayor, Aldermen, [and] Com monalty aforesaid. And upon such report being made thereon unto Messires the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishops of Winchester, of Durham, and of Bath, and to the other Lords of the said Council, by the Duke and Lords aforesaid, the above-named John Sampsone and his said companions did submit themselves unto the mercy and grace of our said Lord the King, for that they had in this case offended against him; humbly entreating the said Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty, to pardon them their trespasses and offences, so against them in this behalf done and per petrated ; [and] promising lawfully and in good faith to abstain from thenceforth from naming or attempting any such things, or the like. The which Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty, from reverence for the said Archbishop of Canterbury and the said other Lords, benignly hearkening unto the said supplication, did pardon the said transgressors their trespasses and offences aforesaid ; and further, by mediation of the said Lords, did grant and give licence unto the possessors of the sixteen nets afore said, to fish with those nets until the Feast of Easter then next ensuing. Whereupon, by the said Lords of Council it was awarded, that the said sixteen nets should be brought and delivered unto the said Mayor of London the Sunday then next ensuing, to the intent that the same Mayor, by his own hands, might restore or deliver them unto the possessors thereof, to take fish therewith, at their pleasure, until the said Feast of Easter, in PHV.] STATUTE AS TO GORCES, MILLS, STANKS, ETC. 211 manner as above stated, — Provided always, that be tween then and the same Feast, they should cause new nets to be made, according to the standard of London ; and that at such Feast of Easter, they should cause to be brought unto the said Mayor, as well the said old nets, to be burnt in case they should be found defective, as the said new nets, to be by the same F.25B.b. Mayor proved, examined, and sealed, as pertains there unto. And provided also, that they should not put in use such new nets, or any other new nets, from thence forth, until the same should have been first presented unto the Mayor of London for the time being, and by him proved, examined, and sealed, according to the form and effect of the Statutes aforesaid. The Statute of the first year of Henry the Fifth. F.255,b. Page 518. In the J Parliament holden at Westminster, in the first year of the reign of King Henry, since the Con quest the Fifth [of that name], among others the Article ensuing is contained : — " Item, whereas great complaint has been made unto " our said Lord the King, in the said Parliament, " because that the Statutes made in the time of his " noble progenitors, as to the heightening and straigbt- " ening of gorces, mills, stanks, stakes, and kidels, are " not kept and observed according to the form and " effect of the same Statutes, to the great damage of " the people and of the realm ; the same our Lord the " King, with the advice and assent aforesaid, at the " request of the said Commons, doth will and grant, " that the said Statutes shall be strictly kept and " observed, and put in due execution." Given as ' ^statute ' in the original. o 2 212 LIBER ALBUS. [B III. [Divers Ordinances as to the Serjeants of the Sheriffs.] Page 519. F.257.a. " In the first place, that no one of the Sheriffs shall " have more than three clerks for his office of Sheriff; " that is to say, the Under-Sheriff, the Secondary, " and the Third [Clerk], who shall keep the paper; " which [officers] shall be free of the city. Item, that " no one of the said clerks shall be attorney unto any " person in the Court of the said Sheriffs, or of " counsel to any party in any cause to be prosecuted " before the said. Sheriffs ; — under pain of being ousted " from their office, and further, of being punished " at the discretion of the Mayor and Aldermen, "Item, whereas Assizes of Freshforce have hereto- " fore been commenced by bill in the Hustings, or " before the Mayor and Aldermen, in their Congre- " gation, on the Monday, and the parties summoned " or attached on the Wednesday next, and on the " Saturday then next ensuing the Session and the " Assize taken thereon ; forasmuch as it seems unto " the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commons, of the said " city, that such process is too hasty, to the dis- " herison of many persons who at such time are " absent : — It is ordained by the same Mayor, Alder- " men, and Commons, that all such Assizes shall be " served and executed in all points as aforetime they " were wont ; save only, that such Assizes shall not " be taken within fifteen days after the first attach- " ment so made upon the tenants at the tenements de- " manded. And that the panels of such Assizes shall " be made and arrayed for three days, or two days, " at the least, before the day that the Assize shall be " taken ; that so the parties may have the copy and " knowledge of the names which shall pass upon the " same Assize. Saving always unto the Mayor and " Aldermen, for the time being, correction and redress " of entry made by force, if any such there be. PHV.] ORDINANCES AS TO SHERIFFS' SERJEANTS. 213 "Item, that the Sheriffs' Serjeants shall take for " doing and executing their office, in manner as fol- " lows ; that is to say, for making summons for " debt, trespass, or any action whatsoever; and also, " for summoning the Inquest as between parties : — " if the trial be terminated upon the first summons " of the defendant, or the first appearance of the In- " quest, he shall take four pence, or six pence, from " the plaintiff, in all, without more, according to the " amount of his labour, and this upon survey of the " Court. And if it behoves him to summon the " Inquest several times, he shall do so unto the end, " and also execution thereupon, taking from the plain- " tiff twelve pence for his trouble, and no more, with- " out award of the Mayor and Aldermen. Provided " always, that when a serjeant shall have [once] " commenced summoning the party defendant, or the " Inquest, and shall have taken from the party for " his trouble, as is before stated, he shall do and " execute the same until it shall be ended and deter- " mined; and if he cannot, for other reasonable oc- " cupations, so do, he shall ordain another of his " companions to perform the same, without taking " or demanding more of the party plaintiff, except by " the said award, as is before stated. " Item, when a serjeant makes execution by Statute, " be it by extent of tenements, or by appraising of " goods, or by foreign attachments, he shall take from " the plaintiff twelve pence, and more, according to " the amount of his trouble, and that by award of " the Mayor and Aldermen. "Item, when a serjeant has arrested any person, " and such person afterwards finds pledges for his " appearance at the next Court, and makes default, " he shall take from the party plaintiff, for making " plenary execution, whether of the body or of the " goods, sixpence, or twelve pence, or more, according F.267.b. 214 LIBER ALBUS [B.III. " to the amount of his trouble, and that by the " award aforesaid. "Item, when a man is arrested for trespass or other " personal action, and found in default, and Inquest " is taken for taxation of damages, or where audi- " tors shall be assigned in action of account, the " serjeant shall take from the party plaintiff, for " making plenary execution, six pence, or twelve pence, " according to the amount of his trouble, under " the supervision aforesaid. Provided always, that in " each personal case in which the plaintiff shall " recover damages, before such damages are adjudged " unto him, the plaintiff shall make oath before the " Judge, to set forth the particulars of his costs " incurred about the suit aforesaid, if he be required " so to do. " Item, it is ordained and assented, that if any per- " son comes into Court, and makes demand of a cer- " tain debt, or other contract, and the party defendant " says that his demand, or his suit, is not a true " one, and thereupon puts himself upon the oath of " the plaintiff forthwith, with his x single hand ; — " in case the plaintiff will not make oath that his " demand is a true one, then let the party defendant " be adjudged to go acquitted, and the - plaintiff to " be amerced. And the same law is the party de- " fendant to have in such case, if the party plaintiff " is willing to assent thereto. " Item, that no pleader or attorney shall be heard " to plead for his client within the Bar in the Sheriffs' " Court ; but let them stand without the Bar, with- " out making outcry or noise; that so the people of " the law, and the good folks of the City, may be heard in due manner as to their business which :' they have to transact in the said Courts ;— always 1 Himself only making oath, as his own compurgator. PT IV.] ORDINANCES AS TO PLEADERS, ATTORNEYS, ETC. 215 " excepting the persons who wish to sue for the King " or the City. " Item, that no pleader, or attorney, when instructed, " shall enforce any man to sue another falsely, by a " false action; and one fabricated for aggrievance. And " if any one shall do so, and shall be thereof attainted, " upon examination of the said pleader or attorney "before the Mayor and Aldermen, let him be made " to forswear the Court for one year. " And in tbe same manner be it done, if they allege " any false foreign matter, to oust the Court of its " jurisdiction. " Item, let enquiry be made each quarter of the " year, as to abettors, maintainors of suits, embracers and " procurers of Inquests, confederators, conspirators, and " champertors, as well in the Courts of the Mayor " and Sheriffs as within tbe City and the suburbs " thereof ; in manner as was done in the time of John " Philipot, late 1 Mayor, as appears in Book H, folio " 102. " Item, that the Compters from henceforth be not " let to ferm by any Sheriff, or by any other person " in their name, unto the porters of the Compters, or " unto any other officer of the Sheriffs ; but that the " Sheriffs shall be bound to bear the charge of the rent, " candles, and other such costs as the porters of the " Compters have borne in time past, by reason of " their 2ferm. " Item, that prisoners who are staying in the " Compters shall pay nothing for their customary fees " unto the porters, or unto the Sheriffs, for one night, " by reason of their staying in the said Compter, save " only for a bed, one penny the first night. F.258.a; "And if such person shall wish in preference to " stay in the Compter rather than go to Neugate or 1 A.D. 1378. | Compters. 2 Or rent paid for faftning such 216 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. " to Ludgate, whether for debt', trespass, or any other " cause, felony and treason excepted, in such case it " shall be fully lawful for the said Sheriffs to leave " such prisoners in the Compter, for their comfort, " they paying to the use of the said * Sheriffs four " pence, six pence, eight pence, or twelve pence, per " week, each person, towards the rent of the said house, " without more ; and this, by assessment of the clerks " of the Compter, taking into consideration their " arrest and also their estate. " Item, that if a prisoner shall make such agreement " with the Sheriff, or his clerks, to wait in the Comp- " ter, as is before stated, it shall be fully lawful for " such prisoner to have his own bed there, if he has " one ; and if he has not, then it shall be fully lawful " for the porter to find him a bed, taking each night " one penny for the same, as the manner is in all " lodging-houses. " Item, that neither the porter nor any other officer " of the said Compter shall sell unto the prisoners " bread, ale, charcoal, firewood, or any other provisions " whatsoever, under pain of imprisonment and of " making fine, at the discretion of the Mayor and " Aldermen, — except by [due] measure and at a rea- " sonable price." F-258.a. Neugate and Ludgate. Page 524 " Item, whereas great outcry has been made hereto-- " fore as to many wrongs and misprisions done by tie " gaolers of Neugate and Ludgate, and their officers " and servants, to the very grievous impoverishment " of the poor lieges of our Lord the King : — It is " ordained and assented to, by the Mayor, Aldermen, " and Commons, of the said city, that from henceforth "no prisoner, committed to Neugate or Ludgate " for any cause whatsoever, shall pay any money for " the lamps within the same gaols, or for any bed PHV.] ATTORNEYS AND COMMON PLEADERS. 217 " therein; but that all prisoners, committed to the " same, shall pay unto the said gaolers, at their release, " four pence, without more, for the gaoler's fee in all " cases, treason and felony excepted. Provided always, " that no person, sent to the said gaolers by command " of the Mayor, Aldermen, or Sheriffs, for them to " chastise and punish, shall pay anything unto the said " gaolers, or unto their officers or servants, for lamp, " bed, or fee, aforesaid. And if any one of the said " gaolers, officers, or servants, shall take from any " prisoner, contrary to this Ordinance, and be attainted " thereof, let him lose his office, without restitution; " and further, let him pay ten times as much as has " been so tortiously taken ; the one half to the Chamber, " to the use of the Commonalty, and the other half to " him at whose suit he shall be attainted. " But let it be fully lawful for the said gaolers to " take surety reasonably from the prisoners who are in " their custody, for a sum of one hundred shillings, " and above, for taking off their irons ; as in other gaols " of our Lord the King has heretofore been reasonably " practised." How Attorneys and other Common Pleaders shall F.258.a. perform their duty. Page 525. " Item, it is ordained by the Mayor and Aldermen " of the City of London, that all the attorneys of the " said City who performJkthe duties of attorney in the " Guildhall, and other common pleaders [who] are " resident within the same city, shall each year be Pass. b. " strictly charged and sworn before the Mayor and " Aldermen, for the time being, well and lawfully to " do their duty, each in his own degree, and well " and lawfully to examine their clients and their com- " plaints, without champerty and without procuring " any jurors, or 1 embracing any Inquests ; and that 1 Or " packing," as it would be called at the present day. 218 LIBER ALBUS. [b. III. " they will wrest no suit from its nature. And " especially, that they will not plead or allege, nor " suffer to be pleaded or alleged, by their assent, any " foreign release, acquittance, payment, arbitration, '¦ account settled,' or other matter whatsoever, out of " the franchise of the City, to oust the Court of its " jurisdiction ; but only such matter as they shall be " able to find rightful and true upon due informa- " tion of their clients, and upon oath of the said " clients upon the Holy Evangelists. " Item, that no bedel shall from henceforth be porter " of a Compter; and if he shall wish to be porter of " a Compter, let him be removed from his office of " bedelry. " Item, that no officer of the Sheriffs shall take of " any one, for recovery, for judgment given, or for " nonsuit, more than four pence only, as from' of old " hath been the usage ; under pain of paying ten times " the excess taken, to the use of the Chamber." F. 2ss. b. The Ordinance as to how much is to be taken for the loading, cartage, and unloading, of a Tun of Wine, and of a Pipe of Wine. Page 526. " Whereas great outcry has been made unto ,the " Mayor and Aldermen of the City of London as to " the tortious and excessive prices of the Winedrawers " of the said city, for their labour in the cartage of " tuns and pipes of wine, that is to say, for loading " them from cellars in the carts, and stowing them " in cellars, within the liberties of the City ; against " the ancient Ordinances made thereon, to the very " great damage of the Commons. — Therefore, John " l Fresshe, Mayor, and the Aldermen of the said city, " with the consent of all the winedrawers of the said orA.D. 1394. PHV.] INFRINGEMENT OF THE ABOVE ORDINANCES. 219 " city, thereunto summoned, have ordained that no " winedrawer of the said city, from henceforth, shall " take of any man of the said city, or of any other " person, for the loading, cartage, and unloading, of " one tun of wine in manner aforesaid, in any part " within the walls of the said city, more than ten " pence ; nor for the loading, cartage, and unloading, " of one pipe of wine, in manner aforesaid, in any " part within the walls aforesaid, more than eight " pence. And that no winedrawer of the said city " shall take of any man of the said city, or of any " other person, for the loading, cartage, and unloading, " of one tun of wine, in manner aforesaid, without " the walls, [but] within the liberties of the said city, " more than sixteen pence ; nor for the loading, " cartage, and unloading of one pipe of wine without " the said walls, [but] within the said liberties, more " than twelve pence ; under pain of imprisonment, and " of paying unto the Chamber of the said city ten " times as much as he shall have taken beyond the " said Ordinance, without redemption. " Item, it is forbidden that any officer, serjeant, P. 259. a. " bedel, vadlet of the Serjeants or officer of Neugate or " Ludgate, or porter of the Compters, shall from hence- " forth brew, themselves or by others, for sale, or keep " oven, or trade in any other thing, to which a low " estimate is attached ; and that of any manner of " victuals they shall be regrators or hucksters : and he " who shall not be willing to make oath thereto, or " shall contravene this Ordinance, let him be ousted " from his office." [Enquiry to be made as to Infringement of the above P- 259. a. Ordinances.] Page 527. " Item, let enquiry be made, each quarter of the " year, before the Mayor, by sufficient persons, if any " one has acted contrary to the Ordinances aforesaid^ in 220 LIBER ALBUS. [B. III. " any point ; and if he be duly attainted thereof, " let him have the penalty aforesaid [inflicted], accord- " ing to the award of the Mayor and Aldermen for " the time being." p.259.a. Oath of the Masters and Wardens of the Mysteries. Page 527. " You shall swear, that well and lawfully you shall " oversee the art or mystery of N. of which you are " Masters, or Wardens, for the year elected. And the " good rules and ordinances of the same mystery, " approved here by the Court, you shall keep and shall " cause to be kept. And all the defaults that you " shall find therein, done contrary thereto, you shall " present unto the Chamberlain of this City, from " time to time, sparing no one for favour, and " aggrieving no one for hate. Extortion or wrong " unto no one, by colour of your office, you shall do ; " nor unto anything that shall be against the estate " and peace of the King, or of the City, you shall " consent. But for the time that you shall be in " office, in all things pertaining unto the said mystery, " according to the good laws and franchises of the " said City, well and lawfully you shall behave your- " self. — So God you help, and the Saints." B. IV.] DUTIES OF CITY OFFICERS. 221 FOURTH BOOK. Page 549. That all persons shall be quit at Saint Botolph's i'-272.a. Wharf of Wharfage for a male, fardel, pannier, and wallet: and all freemen of the City [shall be] quit on payment of the fees for one man . 1. G. f. 207 Page 560. That the Mayor shall receive Bills, and the Sheriffs f. 275. b. and their Clerks shall be ready to enter the Pleas, and to take the Amercements ; and as to the amount of Amercements G 165 That no Mayor, Alderman, etc., shall be a brewer . G 260 That in place of the Mayor, a Warden shall be made by the King ; [and as to] the Sheriffs, Aldermen, Treasurer, and Barons 1 G 217 That the Warden shall have a Roll, and the Alder men another, of all Pleas before them pleaded . Custum.2 221 That neither Warden, Sheriff, nor Alderman, shall take anything for making execution of right . Custum. 221 That the Warden shall hold a Court for Foreigners daily Custum. 221 Page 562. F.276.a. That every Alderman in his Wardmote [shall ap point] four men residing in the Ward, to keep, lower, and raise the pavements, to remove nuisances caused by filth, and to take distresses, or else four pence, of those who may have put them there ; and that [the person] 1 The reference here is properly | 2 See Liber Custumarum, fol. 217, to the Liber Custumarum,. 222 LIBER ALBUS. > [B.1T. shall remove the same at his own costs : and that, in default of their so doing, the Alderman shall distrain for the said four [pence] ; and in default of the Al derman [so doing,] after warning given, the Sheriffs shall distrain the Alderman . . . . 1. A f. 88 That no Alderman shall be a brewer . . G 260 That no Alderman shall be put upon an Inquest . Custum. 220 f. 277. a. Page 564. That the Mayor, Sheriffs, and Aldermen, their Clerks, Serjeants, or Bedels, shall not keep a brewery, oven, or tavern . . . . . . H 15 F.277.a. Page 565. Item, that the officers of the Sheriffs shall not take more cartage than is needed, and that, from those who let carts, and not from others . . F 182 F.277.a. Page 566. That the Compters of the Sheriffs shall be in a certain place, and that they shall have but one Chief Clerk and a Secondary, and what they shall take ; — and two Serjeants and two Vadlets, and what they shall take ; — and that they shall hold Court from day to day, and that if they shall make default in right, the Mayor shall redress the same ; and that all shall be sworn, and that they shall take no amercement beyond twelve pence . . . . . G 54 F.277. b. Item, that they shall hold Assizes, of Novel Dis seisin every i eight days, and of Mort d' Ancestor every " fifteen days ; and that at the end of their year, they shall carry their Rolls unto the Guildhall, to be put in the Treasury . . . . G 54 ' Meaning, weekly. | - Meaning, fortnightly. B. IV.] ATTORNEYS, ESSOINERS, AND COUNTORS. 223 Item, that the Sheriffs shall not let the Gaol of Neugate or the County of Middlesex to ferm ; nor shall the Gaoler take any extortionate change, but only four pence from each prisoner released , . 1. G f, 54 Page 567. Item, that each quarter of the year, proclamation F.277.b, shall be made if any one may wish to make com plaint of the Sheriffs or their officers . . G 54 Item, that the officers of the Sheriffs who take cartage shall not take more than is necessary . G 108 Item, that the Mayor shall make enquiry concern ing the Bailiffs who hold their offices at l ferm under the Sheriffs, as to their extortions . . . G 207 Item, that the Clerks of the Sheriffs shall be sworn unto the Mayor G 207 That neither the Sheriffs, nor their Clerks [and] Serjeants, nor their Vadlets, nor yet the Officers of Newgate, shall be brewers . G 260 Item, that the Sheriffs shall hold their Court for Foreigners every day .... Custum. 221 v That the Serjeants of the Mayor, and their Vad lets, shall be sworn to maintain the oath of the Mayor to the best of their power . . . G 207 Page 570. F.'278.b. That no Countor shall plead, if he be not admitted by the Mayor, and be [not] an intelligent person ; and that he shall not be either Attorney or Es- soiner ; and that no Attorney shall be a Countor or Essoiner, and no Essoiner a Countor or Attorney A 108, 109 1 For a yearly payment. 224 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV. F. 278. b. That no Countor shall undertake a Plea to be partner therein ; nor shall he take pay of both parties ..... That no Countor, or other person, shall gainsay the judgments of the Hustings, or procure to defeat the usages and acts of the City That whoever shall sit near unto the Judge without being called, — whoever shall counterplead the Records or judgments, — whoever shall slander another, if it be in the Sheriffs' Court, — let him be suspended for eight days, or pay half a mark ; and if it be in the Hustings, let him be sus pended for three Hustings, and more Whoever shall take from both parties, or, whoever shall take [a fee], and leave his client and league himself with the other party, let him be suspended forthree years. And whoever shall receive [money] and shall fail unto his client, let him return double, and not be heard against him in such Plea ....... Whoever shall procure to defeat the usages or the judgments of the Commu nity, and shall be attainted thereof, let him be suspended for ever, and held as perjured . Whoever shall undertake a plea to be partner in the demand, and shall be at tainted, let him be suspended for ever The same penalty let Attorneys have, if they act contrary to this Ordinance . Page 571. And if Attorneys, by default or negli gence, lose the suits of their employers, J 1. A. )¦ f 108 109 B.IV.] ATTORNEYS, ESSOINERS, AND COUHTORS. 225 LA £108, 109 1 156 1 156 F 105 let them be imprisoned, according to the" Statute of the King And that no Essoiner shall be attorney, nor the converse The office of Attorney and Essoiner . The office of Countor .... That no Essoin of the King's Service shall be allowed in the Sheriffs' Court That Pleaders residing in the City shall be sworn ....... Item, that Attorneys shall be sworn, and shall sue unto the Common Clerk to see that the business of their Clients is pro perly entered . . . . . . *» That the Mayor shall make enquiry each year as to the Officers of the City . That if any person shall be condemned to pay a sum of money, and shall shut his doors and absent himself, the officer, by view of the neighbours, may open the doors and make execution .... Item, that no Attorney, Countor, or Essoiner, shall stand within the Bar G 54 That no Attorney shall be seated in the Hustings among the Clerks, nor shall meddle with the Rolls touching the Hustings . . . . . G. 54 That no person shall be Countor, if he be not ad mitted by the Mayor, and sworn ; and that no Coun tor shall be Attorney, nor the converse Custum. 205-6 Page 572. Item, of the office of Countor Item, that no one shall counterplead the Judgments Custum. 205,-6. F. 278. b. 1 The title of the Book is omitted in these instances. VOL. III. P 226 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV. Item, that no Countor shall undertake a plea to he partner therein ; nor shall he take [pay] of both par ties Custum. f. 205,-6. F.279.a.' Item, that Attorneys shall not take more of their clients than forty pence at most . . . G 54 Item, that no Pleader or Attorney shall force his Client into a false suit G 54 Proclamation if any one may wish to make com plaint against the Sheriffs or other officers . H 202 That no one shall go into Suthwerk, to buy anything there . 203 F.279.b. Page 574. Mandate from the Exchequer that no one should refuse the money then current . . . C 24 That no Exchange of money, or of anything that pertains unto the Exchange, shall be made except at the Tower C 25 That no bad money shall be brought within the realm That in each Port where arrival is, there shall be searchers That money counterfeited after the * ster ling, if it be not good according to the old standard, shall be forfeited .... That no one shall sell wools, hides, skins, lead, or tin, except for [money] sterling, or bullion of silver ...... That no money of the coinage of Eng land, and no silver in bullion, or in any other form, shall be taken out of the realm ...... V E 32 A ' sterling ' was, literally, one penny of the current coin of the realm. B. IV.] CONSERVANCY OF THE THAMES. 227 That Groats of Scotland shall pass current in pay ment for three pence . . . . 1. G f, 312 Page 577. F.280.b, That the great nets which take smelts' towards the East of London Bridge, shall begin at the Purification [2 February], and shall fish until Lent, with a besom ; and after that, until the Feast of Saint John [24 June] they shall lay aside this besom Also, another net, called 'Codnet,' shall go on from the Purification, until Our Lady in Lent [25 March], and no longer. . Also, another net, of the width [in the meshes] of two inches, and no more, towards the West of the said Bridge, shall go on all the year Also, another net, called 'Petrisnet,' [the' meshes of which are] two inches, and not less, shall go on all the year, except when they take smelts ...... Also, another net, called ' Pridnet,' and [which] begins [to be used] eight days be fore Saint Michael, and shall continue until the Feast of Saint Martin [11 November] Also, another, called 'Tryinkes/ of the width [in the meshes] of one inch and a half, and not less And that lamperns shall not be taken after Easter, until towards the Eeast of Saint Michael, when the season . shall come Shotnet, Shofhet, and Kidels, are for bidden A 90' 91 p 2 228 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV, F. 281. a, Page 578. Item, that all Boats shall lie on this side of the water, under pain of forfeiture . . 1. B f. 34 That Ships and Boats which come by Thames with victuals, shall lie one day in peace without selling aught D 155 That Boats on the Thames shall be moored at night on this side of the water, and not on the other D 159 p.28i.b. Page 579. , That no one shall throw dung, rubbish, gravel, or other refuse, into the Thames, Flete, or Fosses of the City G 72 Ordinance that all Boats which go to Graveshende shall be laden at the Wharf of Seynt Botulf . G 207 That no dung or filth shall be placed upon the said Quay ....... Ordinance that no one shall throw into' the Thames rushes, straw, rubbish, or filth Item, that every Boat laden with rushes, hay, or straw, shall take due care as to such refuse at its departure Item, that every Alderman shall enquire at his Wardmote whether any person does the contrary hereof Item, that twelve carts, each with two horses, shall be provided to carry away the filth Item, if any person shall be held in sus picion of having acted against this Ordi nance, and shall not be willing to acquit himself by his oath, let him incur the penalty G 207 1 Ina certain Schedule, inserted between folios 227 and 228 of Book G. 1 This insertion is no longer to be found. B. IV.] CLEANSING OF STREETS AND PAVEMENTS. 229 Page 580. F.28i.a. Proclamation that no one shall throw dung, or any filth, into the Thames, or into the Fosses of the City of London 1. G f. 295 That no Boatman shall take between London and Westminster more than two pence, or three pence at most, for [the hire of] the whole of his boat . H 15 That no Boatman, after sunset, shall have his Boat on the other side of the water, but on this side Custum. 206 That no Purpresture or Nuisance, by Quays or by F.28i.b. Buildings, shall be made upon the water of Thames . . . . . . . . F 105 F.281.b. Page 581. Item, that no one shall put into the Thames, or into the Fosses of the City, rubbish or any other refuse ; nor shall throw water, or other thing, from the win dows, but shall carry the same into the streets . H 98 That all the Lanes, leading unto the Thames, be tween Castle Baynard and the Tower, shall be cleansed of all dung and rubbish ; and the Punishment of those who place the same thefe . . . Custum. 204 Page 582. F.282.a. That the Course of Walbrok shall be cleansed . D 154 That the Course of Walbrok and the King's High ways shall be cleansed .... Custum. 203 Page 584. F.mb.- That each person shall make clean of filth the front of his house, under penalty of half a mark . B 33 230 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV. That chips found in the street shall be at the disposal of the Alderman 1. B f. 33 That Penthouses which are too low shall be re moved B 33 That dung, chips, and other nuisances shall be re moved from the Streets D 155 That Penthouses, Gutters, and Jettees shall be so high that folks can ride beneath them, and at least nine feet in height D 157 That no stall shall be beyond two feet and a half in breadth D 157 That all Streets leading toward the Thames shall be cleansed D 155 That no purpresture shall be made upon the Thames without view of the Mayor and Aldermen . F 105 Page 585. F.282.b. That no Hoard, Palings, [or] Steps to cellars, shall be made in the Streets, without view of the Mayor and Aldermen F 105 That all who have dung, chips, or other refuse, before their doors, shall remove the same . . . G 29 That no officer shall ' take a cart that serves for carrying such filth G 72 That all filth and chips shall be removed . G 103 That the Scavagers shall have power to survey the Pavements, and that all filth in the Streets shall be removed ........ G 165 That all Lanes and Streets shall be cleansed of dung and chips G 176 Item, that the Pavements shall be mended, and all refuse removed . . . . . . G 179 Item, that all Streets and Lanes shall be cleansed of dung and chips. . . . . . . G 196 1 For the public purposes of the City. B. IV.] REGULATIONS RESPECTING BROKERS, ETC. 231 That all Streets and Lanes shall be cleansed of all filth and obstacles 1. G f. 259 Item, that Penthouses and Jettees shall be so high that persons may ride beneath, and at least nine feet in height Custum. 203 Item, that Stalls shall not be more than two feet and a half in breadth, and moveable . Custum. 203 That all Lanes, leading towards the Thames, from Castle Baynard to the Tower, shall be cleansed Custum. 203 That the Streets shall be kept clean without annoy ance and chips, and other nuisances . Custum. 220 Page 586. Item, that no one shall have his Pavement made P.282.b< higher than his neighbours . . . . H. 15 That the Streets and Lanes shall be cleansed, and that no one shall place dung before the doors of another H. 98 That no one shall be Broker, but those who are F.283.a. admitted and sworn before the Mayor . . C J 6 That [any Foreigner] who shall be Herbergeour, Broker, or Hosteler, at the end of one month after this Proclamation, shall not be admissible unto the freedom of the City for ever, and shall be adjudged to prison . . . • • • • . C 16 That no one shall be Broker, if he be not admitted and sworn before the Mayor . . . . D 157 Divers measures of the Inch, as also, Ordinance as to Nets Horn, 221 Page 587. ti.m.Vk That no one shall be a Corrector within the City, until he shall have been admitted, before the Mayor, and sworn * . G 295 232 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV. Ordinance that no Corrector shall make exchange or contract in the way of usury, or make any bargain, before he has brought the Buyer and Vendor together ; and that he shall not take for his Brokerage other than is ordained l.G f. 308, 15 Item, that no Stranger shall be admitted as a Cor rector, before he shall have made fine unto the Chamber of forty shillings each year G 308, 15 Item, that no denizen or other person shall be ad mitted to be Corrector, before he shall have been admitted by the Mayor ; and he shall pay yearly ac cording as the Mayor, Chamberlain, and he, may agree upon ; and shall be sworn . . . G 308, 15 Item, how much shall be paid for the sealing of each Measure . . . i . . . . D 157 Item, that no one shall be Broker, if he be not received and sworn, and if any Broker shall forestal anything, let him be imprisoned forty days . . . -n . . . . Custum. 203 Item, that no one shall have a Balance other than a good one ...... Custum. 206 That no one shall be a Broker, save only those who are received before the Mayor and sworn . Custum. 218 Item, that no Broker shall be Hosteler unto any Merchant who trades in the merchandize as to which he is Broker ..... Custum. 218 That Strangers from beyond sea shall not be Hos telers or Brokers, unless they be Freemen and reside in the heart of the City . . . Custum. 218 P. 283. a. Page 588. Item, that all merchandize that is sold by weight of 25 pounds, shall be weighed by the King's weight thereunto assigned Custum. 218 P. 283. b. That no one shall have a Measure or Balance, except it be good and lawful . . .. . D 158, 97 B. IV.] LEPERS, SWINE, ETC. 233 That no 1 Avoir-du-poys shall be sold, except by Balance of the Standard . . . 1. G f. 298 Item, that no one shall sell groceiy or spicery, 2 powders, drugs, confections, or other things, except by the pound of fifteen ounces . . . G 295 Page 589. That no Foreigner shall sell unto any Denizen linen cloth, or canvas, before the same is measured . G 298 Item, that no Corrector shall intermeddle with Cor- rectorship, until he shall have been admitted before the Mayor and sworn . . . . . PI 16, 29 That no Corrector shall intermeddle with Corrector- ship before he shall have been admitted and sworn . . . . . . . . H 98 F. 288. b. Page 590. That no Swine shall be found going about in the City, or in the Fosses thereof . . . . D3153 That no Leper shall be going, coming, or sojourning, in the City . . . . . DH54 That no Swine shall be going about in the City, or in the Suburbs thereof G 29 That no Leper shall be wandering about, or begging, within the City G 192 That no Swine shall be going about in the City, or in the Fosses thereof .... Custum. 203 That no Leper shall sojourn, or go about, in the City Custum. 204 F.28-l.b, 1 Fine goods, or " goods by the " pound," measured by the Small Beam, and not by the Large Beam or Tron. 2 Perhaps for seasoning victuals. 3 See D, fol. 157. 4 See D, fol. 158. 234 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV- That such Pigsties as are in the Streets shall be removed; and if any Swine shall be found in the Streets, let them be forfeited . . . 1. A f. 33 F.2sj.b. . page 591. Item, that no one who can gain his sustenance by labour, shall go about begging . . . H 15 Item, that no one who can gain his sustenance, shall go about begging; and that no Lazars shall go about in the City . . . . . . H 98 That all Mendicants who can work shall leave the City G 192 That no one who can work shall go about begging within the City . . . . " . . G 295 That all those who go about begging, and who can labour, shall leave the City . . . . G 78 That all Mendicants who can work shall be arrested G 169 F.2S5. a. That there shall be no Brothel or Courtesan within the walls of the City D 155 P. 285. a. Page 592. That Men and Women of ill fame shall be removed by the Alderman F 182 That Women of ill fame shall be removed G 107 That there shall be no Brothel within the City Custum. 203 That no Woman of evil life shall sojourn within the City Custum. 218 That Common Women shall not be arrayed in clothing furred with Budge or Wool . . F 208 That Women of evil life shall not use hoods that are furred, except [with the wool] of lambs or [the fur of] rabbits, etc G 267 The penalty against Whoremongers, Bawds, [un chaste] Priests, and Adulterers . . . H 146 B. IV.] CONSERVANCY OF THE PEACE, ETC. 235 Page 594. F-285.b. That all Freemen shall make contribution unto Taxes and Tallages in the City . . Custum. f. 203 When Tallage shall be assessed, let it be assessed as well upon the Landholders, who do not trade, as upon the Traders Custum. "229 Page 598. v.m.^ Assessment of five thousand marks . . H 279 Page 601. F.289.a. Judgment of Imprisonment [upon a person] for a year and a day, and of Pillory each quarter for three hours, 'with a whetstone tied round his neck, for lies that were disproved G 138 Page 639. f.soi. That no person shall be wandering about after Cur few rung at Saint Martin's . . . . B 33 That no one shall go about with any arms after Curfew rung at Saint Martin's, except [he be] a Lord or man of good repute, or the servants of those who will answer for them, and then with a light C 15 That no one shall keep a school for Fencing C 15 That Malefactors and Common Brawlers shall not be released by the Sheriffs, or others, without consent of the Mayor C 1 5 That every Alderman shall make enquiry in his Wardmote as to such Misdoers . . . C 15 That no Officer shall be impeached for Imprisonment 1 See Liber Custumarum, fol. 219, 236 LIBER ALBUS. [B.IV. or other thing done unto such Misdoers, unless it shall be found that the officer did the same clearly from malice . . . . . . .1. C f. 16 That the peace shall be kept . . . C 38 enquiry, D 158 at his D 158 y E 1 p. 301. a. Page 640. That no one shall keep a School for Fencing with the buckler within the City . . . . D 158 That no one shall be found wandering about after Curfew rung at Saint Martin's That every Alderman shall make Wardmote, as to Misdoers That no one shall be armed or shall carry arms, except Officers who have to keep the peace ...... Whosoever shall draw any arm, let him be arrested without bail .... That no Officer shall seek vengeance upon another ....... That no person shall be wandering about after Curfew rung at Saint Martin's That the peace shall be kept . f. 301. b. That no one shall go armed, or shall carry arms ........ That no one shall go wandering about after Curfew rung ..... That no one shall make Covin or Con gregation That no one shall go out of the City as a maintainer of quarrels .... That no one shall slander a Lord, or any other person That if any one shall not be willing to be amenable to justice for preservation of the peace, let all persons be ready to ar rest him .... y E194 B. IV.] CONSERVANCY OF THE PEACE, ETC. 237 Page 641. p.30i,b, That no one shall go wandering about after Curfew rung at Saint Martin's . . . .1. Ff. 51 That no one shall go armed, or shall carry arms F 70 That every one shall have power to arrest Misdoers . . F 70 Item, that no one shall carry arms . . F 208 That no one shall go wandering about after Curfew runs at Saint Martin's le Grand . . . G 2 That no Alien shall carry arms That every one shall be assistant unto the Officers in arresting Misdoers That no one shall be assistant unto any person of evil covin . . . . y G 10 That no one shall make Assembly or Covin within the City .... That no one shall go wandering about after Curfew rung at Saint Martin's That no one shall go wandering about after Curfew rung at Saint Martin's G 29 That no one shall go armed, or shall carry arms G 29 That every one, in absence of the Officers, shall have power to arrest Misdoers and Felons . . G 29 That no one shall make alliance with Foreigners who are accused of Felony . . . - G 29 Proclamation that no one shall go wandering about after Curfew rung at Saint Martin's . . G 71 Page 642. F.30i.b. That no Zealander, Fleming, or Hainaulter, shall carry any arm G 71 Item, that no Fleming, Brabanter, or Zealander, shall go armed, or shall carry any arms . G 108 238 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV. F. 302, a. That no one shall go wandering about^ after Curfew rung at Bowe Item, that no one shall be armed or shall carry arms ...... Item, that every good man shall have power to arrest Felons and Misdoers, in absence of the Officers .... Item, that whosoever shall draw knife, sword, or other arm, even though he shall not strike, let him pay half a mark, and be y l.Gf. Ill imprisoned fifteen days ; and if he strike, let him pay twenty shillings, and be im prisoned forty days ; and if he strike with the fist, without drawing blood, let him pay three shillings; and be imprisoned eight days ; and if he draw blood, let him pay forty pence, and be imprisoned twelve days Item, that no one shall be a Maintainer of quarrels . That the Constables of every Ward shall have power to arrest all those who make strife or affray G 164 That no one shall go wandering about after Curfew rung at Bowe G 176 That no one shall make Congregations or Assem blies, and that no Gamesters shall be there . G 176 That every man of good repute shall have power, in absence of the Officers, to arrest Malefactors G 176 Ordinance that whosoever strikes with his hand shall pay half a mark ; whosoever draws a knife, half a mark ; and whosoever draws blood, twenty pence H 14 That no one shall go wandering about after Curfew rung G 196 That no one shall make Congregations or Assem blies . . .' H 14 That every man of good repute may arrest Male factors, in absence of the Officers . . . H 14 B. IV.] CONSERVANCY OF THE PEACE, ETC, 239 Page 643. That the peace shall be kept . Custum. f. 201 That no one shall go wandering about after Curfew rung Custum. 204 That every Alderman shall make enquiry, at his Wardmote, as to Misdoers . . . Custum. 204 That no one attached for a great offence shall be delivered without the Mayor . . Custum. 205 That every one shall be ready to arrest- Misdoers and Offenders ; and if Felons fly ' unto the Church, let the neighbours watch them ........ That those who are attainted of Trespass, Battery, [or] ' Bloodshed, where Mayhem lieth not, shall be punished by Ransom and Imprisoment ...... If a Felon escapes from a Church, let the Ward pay one hundred shillings for the escape, and this as to Churches within the City ........ That no one shall be wandering about after Curfew rung ..... That no one keep a school for Fencing, or for Buckler, within the City . That every Alderman shall make enquiry, at his Wardmote, as to Misdoers Whosoever shall draw a knife, let him pay half a mark, or be imprisoned fifteen days ; and if he draw blood, let him pay twenty shillings, or be imprisoned forty days ; and if he strike with the palm, and does not draw blood, two shillings, or imprisonment for eight days ; and if he draw blood with the fist, forty pence, or imprisonment for twelve days , F 105 Custum. 217 F. 202. b. Page 644. That no one keep a School for Fencing Custum. 204 F. 302. b. 240 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV. That no one shall carry a sword, or pointed knife, or misericorde, or club, or staff, or other arm 1. C £93 Item, that Strangers shall be [duly] honoured C 91 That no one shall strike another, under pain of losing the hand ; and if any one shall draw any arm, to strike therewith, let him be pierced through the hand C 93 That no one shall go armed, or shall cany arms, or shall be wandering about after Curfew rung . H 33 That no one shall go with a visor or false face H 54 F.302.D. Page 645. Proclamation that no one shall go wandering about after Curfew rung H 86 And that no one shall make Congregation or Covin . H 86 And that no Taverner or Brewer shall keep his door open after the appointed hour . . . H 86 That no one shall go wandering about after Curfew rung ; nor Taverner or Brewer keep his door open after that. That no one shall make Congregation or Covin ! H 98 That every man of standing shall have power to arrest Misdoers . . . . . . H 98 Item, that no one shall go with a visor by night, or without a light . . . . . . H 98 F. 303. b. Page 646. That the Mayor and Aldermen shall cause to be put in writing all the names of the Mysteries of the City which are of ability to be armed, and which not ; and that their arms shall be viewed . • . B 34 F.3os.b. Page 647. That the Gates shall be well kept . . B 34 B. IV.] ORDINANCES AND USAGES OF THE CITY. 241 That Bars and Chains shall be made in all the Streets, and more especially towards the water, at the 1 Friars Preachers LB £34 That defects in the walls shall be repaired B 34 That the Gates shall be kept [by the Wards] nearest thereto, and the water of Thames by the nearest Wards B 34 That no one shall go at Christmas with a false face El That good Watches shall be kept in each Ward G 111 That Ward shall be kept every night . Custum. 218 Page 657- That no Merchant shall go to meet mer--> chandize coming unto the City, by land or by water That no one shall go upon the Thames for the same, nor go on board ship to buy, before that [such merchandize] shall have come to land . . . . . ^ D 156 That no Freeman shall avow the mer chandize of a Stranger, and no Freeman shall have partnership with a Stranger . That no one shall do injury unto, slander, or molest the Officers of the City, in making execution . . . . . . A Item, that no Monger or Regrator shall go out of town to meet victuals coming unto the City . D 157 Item, that no one shall receive an Apprentice for less than seven years, and that the Master shall be a Freeman . . . . : . . D 158 Item, that those who sell victuals shall stand mid way between the kennels . . . . D2 157 F. 307. a. ' Or Blackfriars. VOL. HI. 2 See D, fol. 155. 242 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV. Page 660. That no outlaw of a strange country shall be re ceived in London 1.F £70 F.so8.b. Page 663. That Women shall recover damages in-) Writ of Dower, from the tenements of which their Husbands died seised That damages in Pleas of Debt shall be awarded, if the Defendant does not ap pear on the first day ; that is to say, for twenty shillings withheld for one year four shillings, and for more more, and for less less That Essoin of the King's Service shall not be allowed in the Sheriffs' Court before Plea pleaded ...... If any person shall wage his law, and afterwards make default, let judgment be given forthwith upon the principal, and, nevertheless, let him not be summoned to hear his judgment ..... If in plea of seizure of Distresses for rent, after return irreplevisable awarded, the tenant shall counterplead against the rent and not to pay it, or shall make denial, or make rescue thereupon, where entry may not be had, it shall be fully lawful for the Demandant to make complaint by Assize of Novel Disseisin F105 F.308.b. Page 664. That in Inquests to be taken in the Hustings, in the first place shall be entered the names, and distraint against the next { day [shall be made upon the Jurors] ; and F 105 B.IV.] ORDINANCES AND USAGES OF THE CITY, 243 nevertheless, the Aldermen, by their Bedels," shall make return of their Wards That all the Officers of the City shall be sworn each year, after the Sheriffs have been sworn That Pleaders who are commonly resident in the City for pleading, shall be sworn that they will not plead, or give counsel, against the usages and franchises of the City, but shall maintain the same That Attorneys shall be sworn in the same manner ; and that they shall not answer for any person, if they are not admitted and entered on the Roll ; and that they shall have their remembrances, and shall sue unto the Clerk that their Pleas in the Hustings may be duly entered .... Item, that no one shall sue his Writ of Error before he has shown his grievances unto the Mayor and Aldermen; and such shall by them have been examined and re dressed, if they can so do ; under pain of losing his freedom, and of paying ten pounds Process in Plea of Debt and of Covenant That no one shall vouch Witnesses to bar a man of his law, if they be not persons of good repute . . ... That the Statute of Smythefelde shall be observed, as well between Denizens as be tween Strangers ...... The penalty upon those who draw knives j or make affrays J F.309a. M.F£ 105 Page 665. That no one shall go by land or by water to meet victuals, to make bargain as to the same . G 29 Q 2 F. 309, a. 244 LIBER ALBUS. [B.IV, yi. Gf. 54. That 1 Counts shall be counted in English ." In Plea of Debt, damages shall be awarded in the proportion of four shillings in the pound per annum ..... That the Plaintiff shall not be compelled to pay anything for his plea, and that he shall not have Essoin ; but that the Defen dant shall have one Essoin .... If the Plaintiff is convicted, let damages be adjudged unto the Defendant, at the discretion of the Court .... After the Defendant has been attached by his body, that the Sheriff must be answerable for him or for the debt If a Denizen, after summons witnessed, withdraws himself, let his goods be taken and delivered unto the Defendant If the Plaintiff will not support his action by his oath, let him take nothing If approvers vary [in their testimony], let them have judgment of the Pillory, and let the party lose his , demand ; and let damages be awarded unto the De fendant ......... That no one shall be admitted to prove his own action , . . G 92 That no one shall go to forestal victuals coming unto the City . . . . . ' . . G 107 That no person shall keep another in any Trade, if he will not be answerable for him . . G 111 p.309.a. ¦ Page 666. That the Rulers of each Mystery should be at the Guildhall, when any Apprentice [therein] should re ceive the freedom ...... G 143 * Or * Pleas pleaded.' B. IV.] ORDINANCES AND USAGES OF THE CITY. 245 That a Freeman might buy and sell all~ merchandize in gross, so he keep shop of one trade only That in every month there should be a , „..,„ F m,t u Guild-day for despatch of common business • ' That every one who shall be received unto the freedom, shall pay sixty shillings at least Ordinance that a Tenant for term of Life, or in tail, shall not be barred by deed of his Ancestor, if he take not by descent in fee from the same ancestor G 154 Item, that no one shall go to meet victuals or mer chandize coming towards the City, before they shall have come unto the places thereunto appointed. H 16 Page 667. v.m.b. Item, that the Fines which are made for striking and bloodshed, shall belong to the Commonalty. G 207 Item, that those who sell bread, cheese, poultry, fruit, hides, skins, onions, garlic, and other small wares, in the Streets of Chepe and Cornhul, stall stand midway between the kennels; and that no Market shall be held upon Fair-days, for pots, pans, and other utensils, except at Cornhulle .... Custum. 201 Item, that no one shall expose his goods for sale that owe custom, before the custom shall have been taken thereon Custum. 201 Item, that no Denizen shall avow the merchandize of a stranger Custum. 201, Item, that no one shall cause hindrance to any officer in doing his duty . Custum. 202 Item, that no stranger shall enjoy the freedom before he shall have been received thereunto, or shall sell by retail, or be - Herbergeour or Hosteler . Custum. 203 246 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV. F.310. a. Item, that no one shall receive an Apprentice, if he is not a Freeman himself, and without causing their Covenants to be enrolled; and that the Apprentice, after his term finished, shall not follow his Mystery before he shall have been sworn of the freedom ; and that no Apprentice shall be admitted for a less term than for seven years . . .1. Custum. f. 204 Item, that no one shall shoot w ith a Stonebow Custum. 206 Item, if a Servant or Apprentice of any one of the City shall buy merchandize of a stranger, or other person, and shall bring it into the house of his Master, the said Master shall be answerable therefor Custum. 219 Item, that the Bailiffs of the City shall not impede Merchants in unloading their merchandize that comes by water, or in harbouring the same wherever they may please Custum. 221 F.310. a. Page 66.8 Item, that a Merchant-Stranger, good, lawful, and sufficient, who shall wish to enjoy the franchise, shall have the same Item, that no one shall receive the Tenant of another, if he shall not have lawfully parted from his Landlord . Item, that no Freeman shall avow the merchandize of a Stranger .... Item, that no Freeman shall have part nership in, or act as Broker of/ strange merchandize, whereby the King may lose his custom ....... Item, that all persons shall be obedient Unto the Officers in all places . The order in Pleas of Land and of the Hustings ; and of the Loquendce which em brace the space of Two Hustings Custum. 220,-1. B, IV.] ORDINANCES AND USAGES OF THE CITY. 247 If any one shall feel himself aggrieved by"] a bad judgment, let him cause the Record to be brought before the Justiciars of the King Item, that of the Pleas the Warden shall ¦have one Roll, and the Aldermen another Item, Inquest joined between Denizen and Foreigner shall be made by twelve [per sons], of whom one half shall be Denizens, and the other Foreigners dwelling in the City, in Trespass and in Debt . Item, if any one shall sell his tenements, and shall bind himself to warranty, and have nothing left with which to make good such warranty, but shall have chattels ; and if the Tenant shall vouch him to warranty, and the Vouchee shall not appear at the first summons, let the tenement as to which he is such vouchee be extended ; and of the goods of the Vouchee, let there be taken to the value thereof, by way of Gape; and if he shall appear at the day [named] by the Cape, let issue be taken as though the same had been land : and this Statute holds good as to residents within the City, and as to goods which they shall have therein, and not otherwise ; and against the Vendor, and not against his heirs 1. Cust. £ 220, 221 Page 669. • If Termors shall be ousted within their" term, let them have recovery within forty days by Plaint, and after that by Writ . No one shall be charged in Plea of Debt or Contract, by Record of any one, except of the Warden, Aldermen, or Sheriffs, and that in the Hustings >. » F. 310. a. Custum, 220,-1 248 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV. F.310.b. If a Tally shall be proffered in proof in action of Debt, and be denied, the Plaintiff shall have his proof by good and lawful folks In Debt, where neither Writing nor Tally is shown, the Defendant may defend himself by his law ; but in Trespass, as in cases of bloodshed and battery, it is to be settled by L Inquest ....... Item, if any one shall wage his law, he shall be at liberty to make it, himself the seventh . . . . . Item, if any one shall wage his law where Inquest lies, nevertheless, he shall not be condemned. ....... Item, that every one may say the truth" in his suit, without being challenged as to the words ....... Item, that Warden, Alderman, Sheriff, or any other officer, shall take nothing for doing aught that unto their office pertains, nor yet for execution of judgment, except fines and amercements >> Item, that no Denizen or Foreigner shall be amerced, except according to the extent of the offence ...... Item, that Freemen of the City, indicted for homicide, shall be batled until the ar rival of the Justiciars Itinerant, or other Justiciars assigned 1. Cust. £ 220, 221 Custum, 221,-2 tf-sio.b. Page 670. A Tenant who quits, must pay his rent on the morrow of the Feast on which it is payable ; and if he fails to do so, the Landlord may distrain from day to day, and after eight days let the distress be sold ; B.IV.] ORDINANCES AND USAGES OF THE CITY. 249 and no one shall be received as the Tenant of any one, before he has been sworn that he will not quit without leave of- the Landlord . . . l.A£ 130 Page 672. F.311.U,. That no Woman, Ladies except who use furred hoods, shall use a hood furred, [except] with budge A 130 Proclamation that no one shall insult or injure the Messengers from France, whether right or wrong . B 3 That neither Mayor, Sheriffs, nor Aldermen, nor yet their Clerks, Serjeants, nor Bedels, shall keep a brewery, oven, or tavern . . . . . . D 158 That every Workman and Labourer shall do his work as they used to do before the 1 Pestilence G 29 Page 673. Jun.a. That Labourers and Workmen who will not work, shall be arrested and imprisoned . . . G 107 Item, that Servants of good folks shall not take more than they were wont . . . . G 1 07 That no one shall go with visor or false face F.3U,b. G 262 That no Regrator of corn, poultry, fish, or other victuals, shall buy for re-sale before the hour of Prime . G 2203 That no one shall enter a boat with oysters, mussels, cockles, [or] scallops, to buy the same, but let them stand for sale in common . . G 204 1 Of A.D. 1348-1352, | 2 See G, fol. 197 250 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV- That the Bailiffs shall not impede Merchants in unloading their merchandize that comes by water 1. G £ 220 That a Merchant-Stranger, good, lawful, and suffi cient, who wishes to enjoy the franchise, shall have the same G 220 F. 312. a. Page 675. That all victuals sold in Chepe shall be sold midway between the kennels .... Horn, 237 That no Market for pots, or for pans, shall be held on Fair-days Horn, 237 That no Freeman ought to plead, save" before the King or his Chief Justice; and that he shall make no oath That a Freeman ought to be put upon twelve pledges, and not more ; of whom each may pay one hundred shillings, if he be attainted ...... When Pleas of the Crown are holden at the Tower, that neither the Sheriff nor any other Freeman shall recite the Pleas of the Crown If a man shall be slain in London, the Sheriff shall attach him who is accused, and shall put him upon twelve pledges . If a person prosecutes for homicide, and does not give surety and pledge to pro secute, the other one shall not be arrested thereon ....... Horn, 255 1'. 3l2. a. Page 676. Item, that cloths of ray, made in such") parts [of Brabant or Flanders], shall be re- }- F. •[ ceived without Aulnage or other thing .J *¦ 3536 B. IV.] ORDINANCES AND USAGES OF THE CITY. 251 y 1. F. £ 35, 36 Item, that the Merchants of Flanders^ may buy their merchandize and have passage, paying the customs Item, that they may buy and sell with all manner of people, and all manner of merchandize ; and many other Articles That no one may go to forestal victuals coming to the City F 182 If any Labourer shall absent himself and^ will not serve, let him be imprisoned for a quarter, and forfeit his goods Item, that Servants in the hostels of good folks shall not take more than they were wont ....... Item, in every Ward let there be sworn four persons to keep the Ordinances ordained ....... Item, if any person shall act in contra vention of any one of the Ordinances, let him pay forty shillings Item, that no one shall go to forestal victuals F.sis.b. F 81 That no one shall go with a false face or with his face covered . G 2 One Freeman charged another Freeman with homi cide, and waged battle, and the other would not fight ; but it was adjudged that he should make his law, himself the eighteenth .... Horn, 256 y F 181 Page 677- A freeman of the City was charged with feiony and put upon twelve sureties, and the Plaintiff died before the sitting of the ^ Justiciars ; and the other person was ac- | quitted ..;••• -J F. 312. b. Hornj 256 252 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV. If the King prosecutes without a Plaintiff, in a Plea of the Crown, [the defendant] shall defend himself by the seventh hand ... 1. Horn, £ 256 F.3is.a. Page 680. That no one shall go out of the City, by land or by water, to forestal victuals coming thither . H 98 F.3i3.b. That Officers shall -not be Brewers [or] Bakers, nor shall keep Carts for hire, nor be Regrators . H 98 That no Regrator of victuals of flesh and fish, shall go to meet victuals coming [towards the City] ; nor shall buy the same for re-sale, before ten by the clock H 114 Item, that Pastelers shall bake pies for one half penny . . . . . . . . H 114 Item, that butter shall be sold by measure H 114 P-3i3.b. page 681. That no person indicted or charged with being of evil life, in one Ward, shall be received into an other I 194 Ordinance that Hocking shall be forbidden I 49 *-31G-a- Page 685. That no hoards, palings, steps, or other things, shall be made in the high streets of the City . . F 105 p-3"-a- Page 686. That two Hallmotes shall be holden each year, the one against the Feast of Saint Martin [11 No vember], and the other against Lent, one at the Bridge, and the other at Oldefisshestrete ; unto which all shall B. IV.] ORDINANCES OF THE FISHMONGERS. 253 come, upon one day's notice, when the Sheriff can attend there ; and he who shall make default, let him pay 21 pence 1. A f. 89 Page 687. And that no person of the City shall buy fresh fish for re-sale, before sunrise, or salt before Prime, if a Foreigner has any share therein ; and if a Foreigner has a share therein, it may be sold after Prime . And that no one shall send to buy any manner of fish, far or near, to forestal the same And that no one shall buy fish in any vessel, until the rope shall have been brought ashore ; and not then, except in form afore said And that no one shall avow or receive the fish of a stranger, if one half of the fish is not his own ...... And that as to oysters, mussels, [and] whelks, no one shall sell them or avow them, but those who fish them; and that they shall not lie for sale more than two ebbs and a flood, and shall not be sold by the boat-load in gross ; save that, if a Stranger shall not have sold all by Noon, the Re-sellers thereof may buy and put them in their shops ...... And that fish that comes in baskets shall be as good beneath as above And that sturgeon, that comes in barrels, shall be of one taking and of one salting . And that no manner of fish that comes by- night, belonging to any one, shall be removed from the boat before sunrise, un-. F. 317. a, A 89, 90 254 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV. less rainy weather shall happen ; and then,~ it shall be upon the Quay, in charge of a Serjeant of the Street And that no fish that comes in baskets 1. A shall be harboured in shop or in house, but y £ 89, 90 shall remain in view without ; save that, those of the trade may harbour their own fish by view of the Serjeant, so that the next day it be fully brought to market .J F.3i7.a. Page 688. And that no one shall conceal or harbour lampreys of Nauntes [brought] by a Stranger, but by the Wall of Saint Margaret's such Strangers shall sell the same ; nor shall any one buy them for re-sale before the fourth day after their arrival ; nor shall a Stranger sell them afterwards by retail, but by dozen or half [dozen] And that no one shall take an Apprentice for less than seven years .... And that nb Apprentice shall trade or commit extortion ; nor shall any man of the trade, through spite, make fish more dear . And that those who are now Apprentices, shall not work [in the business] until they are enrolled ...... And that the buyers for the Abbot of Saint Alban's shall not buy more than they need for the House ..... And that herrings, mackerel, and other fish that comes by cart, shall not be bought before the hour of Noon, for re-sale Sprats shall be sold by tandel and half [tandel], and not in gross . F.3i7.b. That no one shall regrate fish before A 89, 90 Prime D 157 B. IV.] REGULATIONS FOR FISHMONGERS. 255 That no Vendors of fish shall throw their water into the high street . . . . 1. D f. 158 Page 689. v.sii.b. That no one shall enter a boat with oysters, mussels, and whelks, before that the same shall have been brought to shore ; but that the person who has brought the same shall sell them . . . . D 158 That no fish, fresh or salted, shall be put upon stalls for sale elsewhere than in Briggestrete, Wolchirche, and Oldefisshstrete F 208 Item, that fresh-water fish shall be brought to Brigge strete and Oldfisshestrete, and there sold, and not elsewhere G 87 Item, that Birlsters, who carry fish in the streets, shall not stand in Chepe or elsewhere . . G 87 That no one shall regrate fresh-water fish for re-sale ; that is to say, roach, barbel, dace, flounders, stikelings, smelts, lamperns, or any other fish ; but that the Fisher men shall sell the same under the wall of Saint Marga ret's, Oldefisshstrete,' and under the wall of Saint Mary Magdeleyn ; and that no Birlster shall sell fish in any fixed place; and that no Regrator shall buy fresh water fish before the hour of Prime . . G 100 Item, that Birlsters shall not stand at any place within the City . .- . . . - G 197 Page 690. F.3i7.b. Item, that no one shall regrate fish for re-sale ; but that those who take them shall sell them . C 197 Item, that no Fishmonger or Regrator shall buy fresh water fish before the hour of Prime . . C 197 Item, that Fishmongers shall not throw their water in the streets, but shall have the same carried unto the Thames -. 5 » Custum. 204 256 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV, f. 318. a. That no one shall go to forestal fresh fish, taken in the Thames, upon the banks thereof . 1. F f. 119 That no Fishmonger shall buy fish coming unto the City, before that the good folks shall have bought what they need Custum. 203 That no Huckster shall stand in a fixed place, but that they shall go throughout the City . H 107 That no one shall regrate fresh fish, but that the Takers shall sell it themselves H 107 Page 691. F.3i8.a.' Item, what [shall be] the price of smelts, lamperns, and roach, and other fish . . . . H 107 p. 3i9. a. Page 692. Item, that no one shall sell corn by sample or in secret, but in the Markets in Newgate and at Gras chirche; and this, after Prime rung, and not before D 155 Item, that corn brought unto the City," by land or by water, shall be exposed for sale in Market only ..... Item, that corn which comes to Queen- y E 44 Hythe, or elsewhere, by a Stranger, shall not be exposed for sale before Prime rung at Saint Paul's F. 319. a. Page 693. Item, that a Stranger shall not expose corn for sale, or buy by sample ; nor shall a Foreigner sell unto a Foreigner Item, that no one of the City shall buy corn in the City coming into the City, I for re-sale Item, that no Denizen shall avow the corn of a Stranger ..... Item, that no Denizen Regrator shall^ E 44 B. IV.] REGULATIONS FOR CORNDEALERS AND PORTERS. 257 stand on the * Pavements among Strangers, but by themselves ; nor shall [any Denizen] entrust his corn unto a Stranger for resale . . . . 1. E. f. 44 Item, that no one shall entrust his money unto Corndealers frequenting the Markets of 2Upeland, to make a gain upon each quarter . . . E 44 Item, that corn and malt shall be wholly brought into market, and sold by him who brings the same . F 181 Item, that the Quarter of malt shall be sold by the nine bushels . . . . . . . G 29 Item, that no Corndealer or Regrator shall buy corn, or malt, or salt, in the City, for re-sale G 29 Item, that no Merchant shall buy corn, malt, or salt, at Billyngesgate, or at Queen-Hythe, before that they shall have been exposed for sale for three days after their arrival G 56 Page 694. Item, that no corn shall be sold at Bil lyngesgate, or at Queen-Hythe, before that it shall iave. been exposed for sale afor three days after its arrival Item, that no one shall buy corn, malt, or salt, and leave the same in the hands of the Vendor for re-sale .... Item, that no one shall put corn or other y victuals in the hands either of a Stranger or a Denizen, for the purpose of buying it back again . Item, that no Corndealer, or other person, shall buy corn, malt, or salt, coming by water, until the same shall have . been on sale for three market-days .... F. 319. b. G 72 1 At Graschirche, and before the Friars Minors at Newgate, where corn was exposed for sale. - Under the name of ' Upland,' VOL. III. all country-places, as distinguished from London, seem to have been known. R 258 LIBER ALBUS. [B.IV. Item, that no one shall bring corn or malt for sale, except upon market-days . . . . 1. G £86 Item, that corn and malt shall be wholly brought to market G 107 Item, that no Hosteler shall make any bread, but shall buy it of the Bakers . . . . G 135 Item, that corn and malt shall be sold only in full market. ....... G 197 Item, that no one shall place his own corn, or other victuals, in the hands bf Foreigners, or others, to buy back the same G 197 Item, that all corn that comes from the East in boats, as in quantities of one bushel, two, or three, shall ! there be sold . . G ' 206 Item, that no wheat shall be sold, to make malt thereof E 62 Item, that Brokers and others who buy corn shall not delay in making payment unto the Country-folks therefor D 156 Item, that Brokers and others who buy corn, etc. E 157 F.3i9.b. Page 695. That corn shall be wholly brought to market, and there sold F 81 That Corndealers shall buy no corn in the City, but only in Upelande F 81 Ordinance as to what the Meters of salt, wholesale and retail, shall take for meting the same, and for cartage F 164 Item, that no one shall carry corn or malt out of the City, under pain of forfeiture . . G 244 1 At Billingsgate. B. IV.] REGULATIONS FOR CORNDEALERS AND PORTERS. 259 Item, that no one shall sell corn or malt,^ except in full market ..... Item, that no one shall place corn, or other victuals, by sample, in the hands of another, to buy back the same . Item, that no one shall sell corn before the bells rung, thereunto ordained . . y 1. G £ 260 Item, that no one shall buy corn, malt, or salt, or other victuals, to leave the same afterwards in the hands of the Vendors for re-sale Item, that no one shall carry corn or malt out of the City Item, that no Hosteler shall make any bread in his house G 265 Item, that Porters shall take as they were wont, and not more ' . F 181 Item, that those who bring corn or malt unto the City shall bring the same to the Markets ; that is to say, from the Counties of Cantebrigge, Huntyngdone, [and] Bedforde, and from Ware, unto Graschirche ; and those who come from Barnet and from the West, unto Newgate G 324 Item, that no Denizen shall put his corn into the hands of a Foreigner, for sale ; and that no one who shall have bought corn in the market shall leave it in the hands of another for sale . . . G 324 Page 696. Item, that as to Corndealers who bring corn unto the City for sale — no one shall sell it by shew or by sample ; and that they shall come unto the Markets ; and that no [corn] shall be sold after Prime Custum. 201 Item, that every vessel and boat that brings corn, shall stand one day for sale unto the commons . Custum. 201 r2 F. 320. a. 260 LIBER ALBUS. [B.- IV- F. 320. a. Item, that every one shall pay for the corn that he buys of Foreigners ; and if he does not, that the Vendor shall have his recovery by the Statute of Smythfelde 1. Custum. £ 201, 219 Item, that no Regrator of corn, poultry, or fish, shall buy for re-sale before the hour of Prime . Custum. 203 Item, that no Monger of corn or of other victuals shall go out of the City to buy any victuals coming thereunto ...... Custum. 203 Item, that no Monger or Regrator shall buy victuals coming unto the City before that the good folks shall have bought thereof .... Custum. 203 Item, that no Corn-porter shall sell or mete corn, or shall value corn, before that he shall be required [so to do] Custum. 204 There ought, to be no Monger of corn except at Queen-Hythe ...... Horn, 256 Item, whosoever shall bring corn unto- the City, by land or by water, shall sell it at the places appointed .... Item, that corn which comes unto Queen- Hythe by Strangers, shall be exposed fo.r sale at the hour of Prime, upon view of four reputable men, chosen thereunto . Item, that no Strangers shall expose corn for sale, or shall buy by sample ; and that no Foreigner shall sell unto another Foreigner y Item, that no Regrator of Corn shall buy corn for re-sale . Page 697. Item, that no one shall avow the corn of a Foreigner .... Item, that no Denizen Corndealer shall stand with a Foreigner, nor shall any In- Horn, 333,-4 B. IV.] REGULATIONS FOR CORNDEALERS AND PORTERS. 261 1. Horn, £ 333,-4 habitant place his corn in charge of a" Foreigner Item, that no one shall let his house unto a Baker to share in the gain . Item, that no one shall let Bakers have y corn on credit Item, that no one shall entrust his money unto a Corndealer frequenting the markets in the country, to have a share in the gain^ Item, that Porters shall take only one farthing for F.320.b. a horse-load of flour G 121 Item, that no one shall sell corn or malt except in full market, and not by sample . Item, that no one shall place his own corn, or any other victuals, by sample, in the hands of another, for re-purchase thereof Item, that corn or malt shall not be sold before the bells rung, nor yet by sample, except in full market .... Item, that no one shall buy corn, malt, or salt, or any other victuals, to leave the same afterwards in the hands of the same y H 15 Vendor, for re-sale in gross or by retail or other collusion .... ' Page 698. f. 320.1,. Item, that no one shall buy corn, malt, or salt, for re-sale, which has come by water for sale, before that the same shall have remained openly in full market for three market-days . . . Item, that no one shall carry corn or-< malt out of the City, except in full market | Item, that no one shall place corn, malt, )> H 98 or other victuals, by sample, in the hands I of another for sale .... 262 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV. Item, that no corn shall be sold at Byl-' lyngesgate, Queen-Hythe, or Grascherche, before that the bells shall have rung out which are thereunto ordained Item, that no one shall sell corn before hand by sample Item, that no one shall • buy corn, or other victuals, to leave the same in the hands of the Vendor for re-sale Item, that no Corndealer, or other, shall buy corn, malt, or salt, for re-sale, which comes by water for sale, until the same shall have remained in full market for three market-days ..... Item, that no one shall carry corn, malt, or wine, out of the City, without leave y H 98 F. 321. b. Page 699. Item, that no Brewer shall keep his door open after Curfew rung, under penalty of half a mark .' B 33 Item, that no Brewer shall-, keep his door open after Curfew rung at Saint Martin's, under pain of paying, the first time forty pence, the second time half a mark, the third time twenty shillings ; the fourth time, let him forswear the trade . . C 14 Item, that the gallon of ale shall be sold for one halfpenny farthing, and one penny, and no more . . D 157 Item, that Brewers shall sell by sealed measure . . . . D 157 That no Brewer shall keep his door open after Cur few rung . . F 70 B. IV.] REGULATIONS FOR BREWERS AND ALESELLERS. 263 Page 700. F.32i.b. Item, that every Brewer shall sell by sealed mea sure . L F f. 214 Item, that no Brewer shall keep his door open after, etc F 214 Item, that they shall sell by sealed measure G 2, 29 Item, , that no Taverner shall keep his door open after, etc. G 10 Item, that Brewers shall sell the gallon at a certain price G 29 Item, that a Brewer may sell ale to Regrators G 87 Item, that they shall sell by sealed measure G 87 How the gallon of ale shall be sold . . G 107 That a Brewer shall not keep his door open after Curfew rung at ' Bowe G 176 Item, that no one shall sell ale except by sealed measure ........ G 176 Item, that the gallon of ale shall be sold at a cer tain price ....... G 176 Item, that no Brewer shall keep his door open after Curfew rung ....... G 196 Item, that no one shall sell ale except by sealed measure ........ G 196 Item, that.no Regrator shall buy ale for re-sale G 207 Item, if Brewers shall be attainted of being perjured, F.322. a. or of [using] false measures, let them be, etc. . G 207 Item, that the gallon of ale shall be sold at a cer tain price .... . . G 244 Item, that no Brewer shall keep his door open after Curfew rung H 14 1 The Church of St. Mary le Bow, in Cheapside. 264 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV. Item, that ale shall, be sold at a certain price l.G£259 F.322. a. Page 701. Item, that no Huckster shall buy ale for re-sale . • . . - G 259 Item, that no Hosteler shall sell ale except unto his Guests G 259 Item, that no Huckster shall sell ale . . G 255 That no Sheriff shall take fine of a Brewster Custum. 202 Item, that Brewers shall sell by sealed measure, and that the- tun shall contain 150 gallons; and that they shall carry their measures unto the house of the Alderman four times in the year ; and shall give for [marking] the gallon two pence, the pottle one penny, the quart one halfpenny, and for the bushel one penny Custum. 202 Item, that no Brewer shall keep his door open after Curfew rung ...... Custum. 205 Item, that no Brewer shall keep his door open, etc. Custum. 217 Item, that the Assize of Ale shall be observed Custum. 219 Penalty ordained for Brewers who sell against the Assize . G 165 Item,, that no Regrator or Regratress shall sell ale, or keep door open after the proper time G 29 That the gallon of best ale shall be sold for one penny halfpenny, and the other for one penny, the gallon . . H 14 F. 322. a. Page 702. That no Huckster shall buy ale for re-sale, under forfeiture of all the ale . . . . H 15 B. IV.] REGULATIONS FOR BAKEBS. 265 Ordinance as to Brewers and Hucksters 1. H f . 1 64 That Hostelers and Brewers shall sell ale by full F.322.b. measure, and not by hanaps . . . H 156 Ordinance as to Brewers and Hucksters . H 164 Page 703. Item, that Bakers shall not sell their bread before the oven, or in the house, but in market . D 156 Item, that the Sheriffs shall take no fine from Bakers, or from Brewsters ; but let them have corporal punish ment ........ D 156 , Item, that the bread of a Foreign Baker shall be forfeited B 53 Item, that no one shall let his house unto a Baker, to have a share in the profits of the oven ; and that no one shall let a bakehouse unto a Baker for letting him have corn upon credit, in order to have a certain profit upon such corn when it is baked . . E 44 F. 331. Page 704. Item, that no Baker shall sell bread be fore his oven, but in market Item, that each Baker shall have his mark ; and no Baker of white shall make tourte bread, or the converse Item, that no Baker shall buy corn for re-sale Item, that no Baker who makes tourte bread shall sell his flour to a Cook, or to other persons ...... Item, that their bread shall be taken once every month ... F.331. a. Custum. 202 F.CSl.b. 266 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV. Item, that no Sheriff shall take fine from a Baker or Brewster . . . . . Item, if default shall be found in bread, the first time, let the Baker be drawn, and the loaf about his neck ; the second time, let him be drawn and set upon the Pillory ; and the third time, let him be drawn, and his oven pulled down, and let him forswear the trade within the City . Item, that unto a Regratress there shall be allowed thirteen loaves for twelve ; and that the Baker shall not receive back the bread from them when cold Item, if default shall be found in Foreign Bakers, let all their bread be forfeited unto the use of the Sheriffs ; and they are not to put their bread in shops or in selds That wastel and French bread shall 1. Cust. f. 202. be price of like G 207 Item, that the Assize of bread shall be kept; and the punishment of a Baker of false bread . Custum. 219 F.331.b. Page 705. That wastel and French bread shall be of like price . . . _ G 207 The Articles which ought to be repeated unto the Bakers Horn, 226 Item, that a quarter of bran shall be sold according. F 182 . G 107 to the price of a bushel of wheat . Item, how bran shall be sold That Bakers shall instruct their servants twice a year how to bolt and how to knead their dough ...... That no one shall follow such trade if he be not knowing in the same H 96 B. IV.] REGULATIONS FOR BAKERS. 267 Item, that they shall make loaves at four" for one penny, of flour of the best bolting . Item, that they shall not make their dough with spring water .... Item, that they shall not buy bad corn, for mixing with good corn Item, that they shall sell unto the Huck sters only thirteen loaves as twelve, without gift or other curtesy Item, that a Tourte-baker shall not have a bolter, nor make white bread Item, that bread of the worst leaven shall be made of sieved flour Item, that horse-bread shall be made only of beans and peas, without other mixture . Item, that Bakers shall make such bread dained by the Mayor and Aldermen, and obedient unto the Surveyor thereunto deputed 1. H f. 96. as is shall H or- be 97 F.332. a. Page 706. Item, that no one shall mix bad corn with good F.332. a. corn H 97 Item, that no Baker shall prevent the Servants of the good folks from being present at the kneading of their dough H 97 Item, that no Taverner shall keep his door open F.332.b. after Curfew rung, under a penalty of half a mark B 33 Item, that Taverners shall sell by sealed measure D 157 Page 707. F.332.b, Item, that Taverners shall not keep doors open after Curfew rung ... ....El Item, that Taverners shall sell by sealed measure D 157 268 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV. That no Taverner shall keep his door open after Curfew rung 1. F £ 70 That no Taverner shall mix corrupt wine with good wine F 70 That every one may see where his wine is drawn, and from what vessel F 181 Item, that they shall sell by sealed measure. F 181 Item, that Taverners shall sell by sealed measure F 181 Item, that no Taverner shall have a cloth hanging before his door of his cellar . . . . F 214 Item, that measures shall be standing in Taverns, ready sealed F 214 Item, that no Taverner shall keep his door- open after Curfew rung .... Item, how the gallon of wine shall be sold ....... Item, that those who have sweet wine shall have no other wine in the same tavern y G 2 Item, that no one shall sell except by sealed measure ...... Item, that no Taverner shall refuse to let any one see his wine drawn, or have cloths before his door Item, that no Taverner shall keep dcor open after Curfew rung . . . . . G 10 F.332.b. Page 708. Item, that Taverners shall have nothing before the doors of their cellars G 29 F.333. a. Item, that they shall not sell sweet wine by false measure . . . . . . . . G 29 Item, that no one shall sell wine except by sealed measure . . ...... G 29 Item, that no one shall sell one wine for another G 72 B. IV.] REGULATIONS FOR VINTNERS, ETC. 269 Item, that no one shall go unto la 'Pole, or else where, to meet wines for buying them . . 1. G £ 72 Item, that Taverners shall sell by sealed measure, and not by the cruskyn G 87 Item, that no Taverner shall put Rhenish wine and White wine in a cellar together . . . G 87 Item, that three Vintners shall be sworn each year, to set a price upon wine . . . . G 147 Item, that no Taverner shall keep his door open after Curfew rung G 176 Item, that no one shall sell wine except by sealed measure G 176 Item, that Taverners shall not keep their doors open after Curfew rung G 196 Item, that no one shall sell wine except by sealed measure, and not by cruses . . . . G 196 Item, that corrupt wine shall be condemned G 196 Item, that new wines shall not be put in cellars with old wines G 260 Item, that White wine of Gascoigne, of la Rochele, of Spain, or other place, shall not be put in cellars with Rhenish wines G 260 Page 709. F.33s.a. Item, that no one shall sell any manner of wine for more than two pence [the quart] . . . G 295 Proclamation as to the Sale of Wine . . G 306 Item, that no one shall go unto 'la Pole, or else where in the Thames, to buy wines or other mer chandize Custum. 201 Item, that no Taverner shall keep his door open after Curfew rung Custum. 205 The Pool, of the Thames. 270 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV. Item, that the Assize of Wine shall be kept . 1. Custum. £ 219 Ordinance as to the price of Wine, and that persons may see their wine drawn, under pain of half a mark G 103 That no wines shall be sold upon the water, [or] before that they shall have been put on land [and] into the cellar " G 223 Proclamation that corrupt wines shall be- forfeited ....... Item, after the arrival of new wine, none shall be sold before that the old has been disposed of . Item, that no White wine of Gascoigne, y G 244 of la Rochele, or Spain, or of any other country, shall be stowed in cellars with Rhenish wines ...... Item, that Rhenish wine, and all other wine, shall be sold by sealed measure F.333.b. Item, that the doors of taverns shall be open, that so each may see his wine drawn, under a penalty of forty pence . . . . . . . H '1 Page 710. Item, that no one shall carry wines Eastward, if he does not find sufficient surety that he will carry them unto a Port within the realm . . .HI Item, that no one shall go unto la Pole, or elsewhere, to forestal wines ...... G 259 That White wine shall not be sold for Rhenish wine G 207 Item, the price of wine proclaimed . . G 107 1 This folio is wanting. B.IV.] REGULATIONS FOR BUTCHERS. 271 Page 711. That Rhenish wines shall not be sold dearer than F.333.b. eight pence [per gallon] ; and Red wine at six pence ; Vernage at two shillings ; Malvezie at sixteen pence ; Crete and Provence at twelve pence ; and that by sealed measure, under the penalty enacted 1. H £ 97 Item, that corrupt wine shall be condemned H 98 Item, that White wine of Gascoigne, Rochele, of Spain, or of any other country, shall not be in cellars where Rhenish wine is for sale . . H 98 Item, that no one shall go unto la Pole, or else- P-ss4.a. where, to meet wines coming unto the City, to make bargain for the same, until they shall have arrived at the Quays, [and] after being first discharged or put on land H 98 Page 712. F.334.b. Item, that Strange Butchers shall bring their hides and pelts of each beast, under pain of losing the value of the hide or pelt ; that is to say, for the hide of an ox, two shillings and six pence ; of a cow, two shillings ; the pelt of a mutton, without wool, one penny halfpenny ; [the hide] of a calf, one penny halfpenny ; and then let him sell until Noon by retail, and after Noon in gross, until Vespers [rung] at Saint Paul's ; so that by then he shall have sold all, without carrying anything away, salting, or storing it, under pain of forfeiture A 130 That the carcase of the best ox shall he sold for a mark ; of the best cow, for ten shillings ; the car case of the best pig, four shillings ; of the best mutton, two shillings ; the best capon, four pence ; the best hen, three pence ; the best rabbit, with the skin, five pence, and without the skin, four pence ; one hundred eggs, at 120 [to the hundred], eight pence ; a partridge, three pence ; a plover, two pence ; eight larks, one 272 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV penny ; one thousand red herrings, six shillings ; the best stockfish, one penny halfpenny; a cod sixpence: and if any person shall sell contrary hereto, let him be committed to prison . . . . 1. C £ 38 Item, if any person shall withdraw himself by reason of this Ordinance, let him lose his freedom, and for swear his trade C 38 That Butchers shall not withhold their payment from the Country-folks, for the beasts which they buy D 156 That Strange Butchers shall bring their hides with their flesh D 155 Page 713. F.33ib. Item, that Butchers shall sell their pelts and hides in market ....... D 158 That no Foreigner shall sell by retail" That no one shall take the Servant of another ....... That those who have the freedom shall , .., dwell in the City, and the Suburbs thereof ' That whosoever shall act to the con trary of any of the points aforesaid, let him pay unto the Chamber forty shillings^ F.335.a. Item, that Strange Butchers shall bring their hides with the flesh, and shall then sell by retail, etc. . . Custum. 204 Item, that no Butcher shall sell woolfels, so long as the animals are alive . . . Custum. 206 Item, that no Butcher shall sell tallow or lard, to be carried beyond sea .... Custum. 206 F.sso.a. page 714 Item, that Butchers who buy beasts of Foreigners, shall pay for them, or else let the Creditors have their recovery by the Statute of Smethefelde . Custum. 201 B. IV.] POULTERERS, COOKS, AND VICTUALLERS. 273 That no one shall sell a lamb at a higher price than six pence ; and. that no one shall go out of the City to buy lambs 1. H £ 97 Item, that Butchers shall close their shops before candle-light, and shall not sell meat by candle light H 97 That the Barbers shall not place blood in their windows. . . . . . . . . D 157 Also, another Ordinance thereon, — in a certain Chapter beginning ' That no swine,' etc. Custum. 203 F. S35. b. Strange Page 715. Poulterers shall sell at' F. 330. a. That Ledenhalle ....... Item, that no Denizen Poulterer shall come there to buy or to sell . . - VF 102 Item, that no Cook or Regrator shall buy any Poultry before Prime rung at Saint Paul's. ..,,... Item, that no Poulterer or Regrator shall forestal mer chandize coming unto the City - . . . G 29 Item, that no Denizen Poulterer shalT stand at Ledenhalle among Foreign Poul terers, but [they shall stand] in their own houses, close to the Church of Saint Michael on Cornhulle ... Page T16. Item, that no Denizen Poulterers, them selves or by their Servants, shall buy poultry of strangers before the hour of Prime Item, that no Foreign Poulterer shall bring poultry into the house of a Denizen Poulterer ....... Item, that no one shall go to meet poultry, to forestal the same VOL. III. F. 336. a. J-G 72 274 LIBER ALBUS. [B, IV. yi G f. 108 Item, how geese, capons, game, and beef and mutton, shall be sold .... Item, that no Victualler shall conceal his victuals Item, that no Victualler shall keep his victuals until they are spoiled Item, that victuals shall be sold at a reasonable price G 176 Item, that no one shall go to forestal victuals coming unto the City G 196 Item, that no Denizen Poulterer shall" stand at Ledenhalle ..... Item, that Foreign Poulterers who enter by Newgate and Aldrichesgate, shall sell upon the Pavement before the Friars Minors Item, that Denizen Poulterers shall stand before the Church of Saint Nicholas at the Flesh-Shambles Item, that no Denizen Poulterer shall buy of a Foreign [Poulterer] before Prime rung . .... Item, that no one shall expose corrupt poultry for sale Item, that no Foreign Poulterer shall bring or harbour his poultry in the house of a Denizen ... Item, that no one shall go to forestal poultry coming unto the City Item, that Boats which bring lambs unto Saint Botulveswharf shall discharge there . . G 207 Item, that Boats which bring petty victuals for sale, coming from the East, shall discharge there . G 207 Page 717. p. 336. a. Item, that no Denizen Poulterer shall' stand at Ledenhal, within a house or with out . ¦ • • • • • . y G 260 Item, that Denizen Poulterers shall be before the Church of Saint Nicholas , >G 196,-7. B. IV.] FRIPPERERS. 275 H.G£260 Item, that no Denizen Poulterer shall buy" of a Foreign Poulterer before Prime . Item, that no Foreign Poulterer shall harbour his poultry at the house of a Deni zen Poulterer Item, that no Poulterer shall sell any poultry beyond the price by the Mayor thereon ordained That no Regrator shall buy victuals before the hour of Prime; also, the price of Poultry and other things C 38 That no Regrator of fish or of Poultry shall buy before Prime rung, etc D J154 Item, that no Foreign Poulterer shall sell poultry otherwise than openly, and in the places thereunto assigned . . . . . . . H 16 Item, that no Cook shall take more than one penny for putting a capon in a crust . . . F 182 Item, that a Cook shall not take more than one penny for putting a capon or a rabbit in a crust G 108 P. 336, Page 718. That there shall be no Market in Chepe, or on Cornhul, after Curfew rung at Saint Paul's . D2152 That there shall be no Market upon London Bridge D3153 Item, that Fripperers who buy old clothes* with budge or fur, shall re-sell the same as they buy them Item, that no one shall have such clothes dubbed or fulled, and sell them for new . }-G 135 Item, that he who sells and buys such clothes, shall not meddle with new Item, that no one shall be rebellious against the Wardens of his Mystery . 1 See D, fol. 157. 2 See D, fol. 155. ' See D, fol. 157. F. 337. a. S 2 276 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV. That no Market shall be upon London Bridge, or elsewhere, but in the places assigned 1. Custum. f. 203 F.3S7.b. Page 719. That no market for. pots, pans, and other utensils, shall be held except at Cornhulle . . 1. D £ 152 Item, that Pelterers shall not make up sets of Furs of less than sixty skins ; so that the same be of six tiers in length, of one workmanship, and not inter mingled, new with old . . . . . A 130 That no one shall cause his Furs to be scoured in the high streets in the day-time . . . D 108 That Pelterers sh,all make their Furs of assize, as their Charter purports . . . . . F 181 Item, that Pelterers shall make their Furs of assize, according to the ancient custom . . . G 107 Item, that Pelterers shall make up no set of Furs of less than fifty skins, and that of six tiers in length, and each by itself ; and shall not intermingle old with new . . . . . • • ¦ Custum. 206 Item, that no Pelterer shall make up sets of Furs of peltry of less than sixty skins ; so that the same be of six tiers in length ; and that he shall not inter mingle old with new . . . . D 156 F.337.b. Page 720. Ordinance as to what ' Tawyers shall take from Pelterers for their labour . . . . G 164 F.338.a. That no Stranger shall keep Hostel or Herbergerie . D 2 153 F.S38.a. Page 721. Item, that every Hosteler shall warn his Guests that they carry no arms . . . . E 194 Item, that no one shall be received if he be not of good repute ...... E 194 Item, that Hostelers shall be good and sufficient persons F 182 1 Or Curriers. I 2 See D, fol. 157. B. IV.] HOSTELERS AND THEIR GUESTS. 277 Item, that no one shall go armed, or carry arms ; and that Hostelers shall warn their Guests thereof . 1.G £10, 11 Item, that every Hosteler shall take the arms of his Guest, and shall keep them . . G 10, 11 Item, that every Hosteler and Herbergeour shall warn his Guests that they go not wandering about after Curfew rung, or carry arms . . . G 29 Item, that no one shall harbour any one beyond a day and a night, if he be not willing to make answer for him G 72 Item, that no Hosteler shall make bread, but shall buy it of the Bakers G 135 Item, that they shall sell oats and hay at a rea sonable price G 135 Item, that they shall not harbour any one, if they be not willing to make answer for him . G 135 Item, that the Constables and Bedel shall have power to search Herbergeours and Hostelers, [to see] that they sell no victuals in their hostels ; and that Brewsters shall not sell against the Assize . G 165 Item, that Hostelers shall warn their Guests that they come in time unto their hostels . . C 96 Item, that no person shall harbour any one beyond a night, if he be not willing to make answer for him G 196 Page 722. Item, if Hostelers shall be attainted of being per- P-338.b. jured, or of [having] false measures, let them have the punishment thereon ordained . . . G 207 Item, that no Hosteler shall take, for hay for one horse, a night and a day, more than two pence half penny ; and for a bushel of oats eight pence ; and that no Hosteler shall sell ale except unto his Guests G 265 278 LIBER ALBUS. ' [B.IV. Item, that no person shall harbour another beyond a day and a night, if he will not make answer for him; and that no one shall remain in any Ward beyond a day and a night, if he be not in frank pledge 1. Custum. £ 202 Item, that Strangers from beyond sea shall not be Hostelers or Brokers, if they be not Freemen ; and then, they shall dwell in the heart of the City Custum. 218 Item, that no Broker shall be the Hosteler of a Merchant who trades in the merchandize of which he is broker Custum. 218 That persons from beyond sea shall not be resident as Hostelers or Herbergeours within the City, if they be not free C 16 That no one shall be Herbergeour, Broker, or Hos teler, if he be not sworn before the Mayor ; and if any such shall be found at the end of one month after this Proclamation, let him for ever be not ad missible to the freedom, and nevertheless be adjudged to be imprisoned . . . . . . C 16 That no Hosteler shall harbour any person who is of ill fame beyond a night and a day, under a penalty of forty shillings . . . . . . F 105 That no Alien who is admitted to the freedom shall keep Hostelry upon the water-side, but in the middle of the City .... Custum. 203 Item, that no Stranger shall keep hostelry or [re ceive] persons to table, except his own household G 298 Item, that no Hosteler shall make horse-bread in his house H 16 Page 723. . 345. a. Item, that six good folks of the said trade shall be charged to oversee it ; and if any one shall do the contrary [of such enactment], he shall pay, the first B. IV.] WEAVERS, DYERS, FULLERS, ETC. 279 time, ten shillings, the second time, twenty shillings, [and] the third time, twenty shillings, and shall for swear the trade 1.C £37 Item, that no Dyer who shall dye blue burnets, or other colours, shall dye in blecche or tawny; and he who shall do so, let him pay half a mark . C 37 Item, that no one shall receive the Apprentice or Servant of another, agamst the wish of his Master C 37 Item, if any Journeyman shall borrow money or goods of his Master, or of another person, and shall agree by covenant to serve him for the same, no other person shall receive him until he shall be quit as towards his master C 37 Item, that no one shall cause cloths to be woven for sale, except in the City and Portsokene, or within the liberties, and not in Suthwerk . . . D 158 Item, that no cloth shall be dyed black except in woad . . D 158 Page 724. Item, that woad shall only be measured by those who f. 345. are thereunto assigned D 158 Ordinance that no Dyer or Weaver shall"" make any cloth Item, that no Dyer who dyes wool with woad shall dye hats [or] caps . Item, that they shall dye' ten pounds for eight [pence] . . . Item, that no Dyer shall demand his money before that the wool is dry ; and after that, let them have their action by the Statute of Smythefelde Item, that Shearmen shall take for [shearing] a short cloth twelve pence, a long cloth two shillings, and a cloth of J ray two shillings . F 181 G 101 1 I.e. a rayed, or striped cloth. 280 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV. Item, Ordinance as to what Shearmen shall take for a cloth l.Gf.107 Item, that no one shall expose unwetted cloths for sale G 135 F.345.D. Item, that if a Shearman shall be found in default; the cloths not being wetted, he shall forfeit his shears G 135 Page 725. F.34B.b. Petition of the Fullers, that if a person buys cloth, he may buy the same at his own peril ; that so they may not be summoned to view the default therein, after the purchase . ... . . . G 240 In the Statute of the King, — That cloths of ray shall be 28 ells in length, measured by the list, and five quarters in width ; coloured cloths, 25 ells in length [measured] at the back, and six quarters in width G312 Item, that no one shall cause cloths to be woven elsewhere than within the franchise . Custum. 204 Item, that no one, as being a Foreigner, shall sell linen cloth, or canvas, unto a Denizen, before that the same shall have been measured by the officer of the City deputed thereunto . . . . . H 16 Item, that no long cloth shall be dyed black except in woad Custum. 204 Item, that woad shall only be measured by those who are thereunto assigned . . . Custum. 204 Page 726. F.345.b. That Drapers shall not untruss their packages of cloth that come from beyond sea, until the Aulnager shall have done his duty . . . . E 57 F.346.a. That no cloth shall be taken out of the realm before it shall have been fulled . . . . H 60 That no Subsidy or Aulnage shall be taken for B.IV.] • MASONS, CARPENTERS, AND PLASTERERS. 281 cloths of Irlande, unless they be of Assize, — in tlie Statute of the King . . . . 1. H £ 60 That no Foreigner shall sell unto any Denizen linen cloth, or canvas, before that it shall have been measured H 98 Page 727. That Tailors shall take for a dress garnished with silk, eighteen pence ; for a dress garnished with thread 1 [and buckram], fourteen pence. . Item, for a coat and hood, ten pence. Item, for a long dress for a woman, garnished with silk and cendale, 2s. 6d. Item, for a pair of sleeves * [for changing], four pence . F 181 How much a Tailor shall take for making up cloths . * G 107 F.346.b. P#ge 728. That Carpenters, Masons, Plasterers, Daubers, and J?-S47.a. Tilers, shall take, between the Feasts of Saint Michael and Saint Martin [11 November], four pence per day for everything, or else one penny halfpenny and their table, at the will of the employer ; and between the Feasts of Saint 2 Martin and of the Purification [2 February] three pence for everything, or else one penny and their table ; and between the Feasts of the Purification and Easter, four pence for everything, or else 3 one penny halfpenny [and their table] ; and between Easter and Saint Michael, five pence for everything, or else twopence, etc. And on a Saturday and on a Vigil they shall take as for a whole day, and shall work until evening ; and upon Sundays and Feast-days they shall take nothing. And that their 1 These passages are supplied from the original. 2 Erroneously given, as ' Saint 'Mark.' 3 Erroneously given as ' pence.' 1 three 282 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV. servants, and the makers of earthen walls, shall take between Saint Michael and Easter two pence for everything, and between Easter and Saint Michael three pence for everything . . . 1. A f. 88 And that Paviours shall take for the toise, con taining seven feet and a half in length, and the foot of Saint Paul [in breadth], two pence. And that carts which carry argil, sand, and gravel, shall take one penny ; and the cart shall contain one quarter, full [and] heaped up A 88 And if any person shall give unto any Labourer more than above mentioned, let him pay unto the City forty shillings, without any pardon therefor ; and he who takes more, shall be imprisoned forty days A 88 Page 729. That no cart laden with fire-wood, timber, or char coal, shall stand anywhere but at Cornhulle . D 158 Ordinance as to Paviours, and as to lime . D 159 Item, that Masons and Carpenters shall be sworn not to make any purpresture in the Streets . F 105 Item, that Masons, Carpenters, Plasterers," and Sawyers, shall take, between Easter and Saint Michael, six pence per day ; and from Saint Michael to Easter, five pence ; and they shall take upon the Saturday, if the week is a whole one, as for a whole day, as also on Feast-days : and for the repair of their implements they shall take nothing , Item, a Tiler shall take, from Easter to Saint Michael, five pence halfpenny, and from Saint Michael to Easter, four pence halfpenny ....... Item, that their Men, the first half year, [shall take] three pence halfpenny, and the second half year, three pence F 181 B. IV.] DAUBERS. 283 Page 730. Item, Master Daubers, the first half year") five pence, and the second half year four pence ; and their men like the men of Tilers Item, that no one shall pay more, under pain of [paying] forty shillings; and he who takes it, shall be imprisoned for forty days ...... Item, that a thousand of tiles shall be sold for five shillings, and no more . Item, the hundredweight of lime for five shillings ...... Item, a cart that brings sand or other thing from Algate unto the Conduit, shall take three pence, and beyond the Conduit, three pence halfpenny; and also from Cre- pulgate unto Chepe, three pence ; and if y F 181 they go beyond, three pence halfpenny : and the cart shall be of the. capacity of one quarter, heaped up Item, a cart that brings water from Dowe- gate unto Chepe, shall take one penny half penny; from Castle Baynard unto Chepe, one penny halfpenny ; and if they go beyond Chepe, they shall take two pence; and if they do not come so far as Chepe, one penny farthing Item, a cart that brings merchandize from Wolwharf unto Chepe, shall take four pence Item, for a hundred of ' talwode, six-pence, at Crepulgate ; and for a hundred of faggots, four pence ^ Ordinance that a cart, entering and going forth, shall pay for Pavage one penny ; one horse loaded, F,347.b. 1 I.e. ' tall wood,' fire- wood in long lengths, F.347.b. F.348.a. 284 LIBER ALBUS. [b. IV. one farthing; a cart that brings sand and argil, by the week, three j>ence ; and those which bring corn and flour from Stratforde, three pence. Item, carts that bring wood for sale [shall pay] one farthing ; and charcoal for sale, one penny . . 1. G £ 58 Ordinance as to what Tilers shall take . G 100 Ordinance as to what Masons, Carpenters, Plasterers, Tilers, Daubers, and their men, shall take . G 107 Page 731. Item, the thousand of tiles shall be sold for eight shillings, and of lime for six shillings . . G 107 Item, what carts that bring argil, sand, merchandize, and fire-wood, shall take . . . . G 107 Ordinance as to Masons . . . . G 41 Item, that no one shall have his pavement made higher than his neighbour . . . . G 295 Item, that no Labourer shall take between Easter and Saint Michael more than six pence ; and between Saint Michael and Easter, five pence ; and the Satur day as a whole day, in case the week was a whole one . . G 295 Item, that no cart shall stand in the City with wood, timber, or charcoal, before that the same has been sold Custum. 204 That lime shall be measured by quarter and bushel of assize, and well burnt . . . Custum. 206 • Item, that tiles shall be of the ancient dimensions Custum. 206 Item, that Paviours shall take for the toise of seven feet and a half only two pence . . Custum. 206 That no Carter shall drive his cart faster when un loaded than when loaded . . . . H 73 That the quarter of coal shall be sold, between Saint Michael and Easter, for ten pence ; and [between] Easter and Saint Michael, for eight pence, and no more H 97 B.IV.] FARRIERS, SMITHS, AND ARMOURERS. 285 That no one shall have his pavement made higher than his neighbours 1. H £ 98 Page 732. Ordinance made as to the price of Masons, Plasterers, f. 34s. a. Carpenters, and other Workmen in the City of London .1 69 That no one of the said Mystery shall send bows unto P s*s- b. Cornhulle, or elsewhere in the City, for sale H 18 Item, that a pair of shoes of cordwain shall be sold for six pence ; one pair of cow-[hide] for five pence ; one pair of boots of cordwain, for 3s. 6d. ; one pair of cow- [hide], for three shillings . . . F 182 Item, one pair of gloves of sheep- [leather] for one penny halfpenny, and the best for two pence F 182 That no cordwain or basil shall be carried out of the realm F 182 Item, that no one shall sell hides except in the Seld of Frydaystrete G 245 Page 733, That Farriers shall take for [putting on] a horse-shoe, P- 349. a. of six nails, one penny halfpenny ; of eight nails, two pence ; and for removing the same, one halfpenny ; and for the shoe of a courser, two pence halfpenny; and for the shoe of a charger, three pence ; and for removing one, thereof, one penny . . 1. 1G 182 Item, what Farriers shall take for the shoeing of horses O 107 The Articles of the Heaumers . . . F 142 1 This article is wanting. 286 LIBER ALBUS. [B. IV. p. 349. a. Page 734. Item, what Farriers shall take for the shoeing of horses; that is to say, for a shoe with eight nails, two pence; and with less, one penny halfpenny; and for removing the same, one halfpenny . 1. G £ 29$ The Articles of the Furbishers . . . F 184 p.350.b. Page 736. Ordinance of the Glaziers . . . . G 152 Ordinance of the Founders . . . . G 159 F. 351. a. F.3Bl.b. Page 737. Item, Spurs [to be made] for six pence, eight pence, and the best for twelve pence . . . F 181 The Articles of the Pinners and Cardmakers G 48 Ordinance of the Breechesmakers . . G 32 Bill of the Joiners 18 Page 738. F.35i.b. Ordinance of the Stainers . . . .19 Petition of the Fullers . . . . G 240 Omitted. Page 550, F.272.a. Of taking nothing for Wharfage . . . I 193 Page 675. F.3i2.a. Statute of Smethefelde as to Wheat and Malt Horn 237 Page 676. F.3i2.a. That the Staple shall be for ever in the parts of Brabant or of Flanders F. 35 LIBER ALBUS. GLOSSARY OP ANGLO-NORMAN AND EARLY * ENGLISH WORDS. GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN AND EARLY ENGLISH WORDS. [The figures enclosed in parentheses denote the page of Libek Albus.] abesser. Fr. To lower. (562.) abhominable. Fr. Abominable.(368.) aboteez. Fr. Past participle plu ral of the verb ' abotir,' to meet, join together, assemble. (265.) Mr. Wedgwood has probably taken a somewhat incorrect view of the meaning of this passage, in his Dictionary of English Etymology, i. p. 504. abrocour (268, 282, 315, 586, 722), abrokour (261, 268). Fr. A broker. The reader will find a disquisition as to the probable origin of this word in Mr. Wedgwood's Dictionary of Eng lish Etymology, I. pp. 245-247. abroker. Fr. To act as broker. (668.) absteigner. Fr. To abstain. (517.) accioun (199, 449), accoun (199, 203). Fr. Action. accommaunder. Fr. To recom mend. (46.) accompt (201, 215, 218), accompte (215, 218), acompt (49), acompte (48). Fr. Account. VOL. III. accoun. See Accioun. acheisoun (111), achesoun (111). Fr. Occasion, cause. acquire. Fr. To cook. (333.) For ' a quire.' Actone Burnel (619). The Statute of 11 Edward I. (A.D. 1283), or daining the Statute Merchant ; so termed from Acton Burnel, the place where it was made. This was a castle, formerly be longing to the family of Burnel, and afterwards of Lovel, in Shropshire. aderer (212, 221). Fr. In arrear. adiesement. Fr. An annexation, an encroachment. (476.) adjoustement. Fr. An addition, an adjustment. (368.) adonqs. Fr. Then. (380, 382.) advoiiteresse. Fr. An adulteress. (460.) See Avouteresse. advoutoure. Fr. An adulterer. (459, 460.) See Avoutour. advys. Fr. Advice. (518.) affoerer. Fr. To value, to affeer, to assess. (272, • 695.) As to T 290 LIBER ALBUS. the origin of the word ' affeer,' see Wedgwood's Diet. Engl. Ety mology, i. pp. 26, 27, s. vv. Affeer, and Afford. See Afforare. agardable. Fr. Awardable. (188.) ague pier. Fr. A whetstone. (601.) In former times this was particu larly said to be the due reward of him who told the greatest lie ; hence, ' lying for the whetstone ' is a phrase often met with in the old writers. The punishment of a liar and slanderer, by exhibiting him with a whetstone fastened to him, as in the present instance, was not unfrequently practised. In reference to this notion Thomas Randolph says, in p. 37 of the Conceited Pedler, — "Consi- " dering how dull halfe the wits " of the University be, I thought " it not the worst traffique to sell " whetstones. This whetstone " will set an edge upon your in- " ventions, that it will make your " rusty yron braines finer mettle " than your brazen faces. Whet " but the knife of your capacities " on this whetstone," etc. Simi larly, upon Sir Kenelm Digby boasting that he had seen the ' philosopher's stone,' but was un able to describe it, Lord Bacon sarcastically remarked, that it was, perhaps, a whetstone. See also Hudibras, P. n. c. I. : — ' Dinrnals writ for regulation ' Of lying to inform the nation, ' And by their public use to bring down ' The rate of whetstones in the kingdom.' The custom of thus rewarding him who told the greatest lie was still existing (according to Budworth, Ramble to the Lakes,) so late as 1792. aides. Fr. plur. (269.) Aids. Payments made to the sovereign for the support of the state. aketoun. Fr. (437.) An acketon, or quilted leather jacket, worn beneath the coat of mail. Aldermannechurche (122). An er ror of the transcriber, no doubt, for ' Aldermariechurchfe.' Aldermaricherche (619). The church of St. Mary Aldermai'y, in Cordwainer Street Ward, in the City. According to Stow {Sur vey) it was so called, because it was older than any other church of Saint Mary in the City. Aldewyncle (444), Aldwinkle, in Northamptonshire : (a locality which, in a later age, is tradi tionally said to have given birth to the poet Dryden). aldreman (560), aldremans (417), aldremens (560). Alderman, al dermen. A French adaptation of English words, of Anglo- Saxon origin. See Audermann. Aldrichegate (106, 586, 682), Aldrichesgate (463, 557, 716), Aldrichgate (556, 557). Al dersgate, the name of one of the London Wards, from the City Gate so called. A corruption of ' Ealdredesgate,' or ' Ealdred's ' Gate,' by which name it is called in the Instituta Lundonice, enacted by King Ethelred, about A.D. 1000. See Thorpe's GLOSSARY OP ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 291 Ancient Laws and Institutes of England, p. 127. aiekonner (254, 316, 342), alkon- ner (359, 360), alkonnere (360, 361). Engl. An ale-conner, one who Cons or examines ale ; an officer whos.e duty it was to ex amine and test the quality, and due measure, of ale. aleum. Fr. Alum, (230.) See Atom. aleggaunce. Fr. Convenience, re lief. (271.) Alemaine. Fr. Almalne, or Ger many. (226.) aler. Fr. To go. (273.) Algate. Aldgate (Old-gate), the name of a Ward in the City of London. (459, 552, 553, 555, 556, 580, 585, 586, 730). Allgate (233). In this instance, in all probability, the City Gate of Aldersgate, and not Aldgate, is meant. See Aldrichegate. allower (314), alower (47). Fr. To let on hire. See Lower. allbwez. Fr. plur. (308.) Hired persons, journeymen. alne. Fr. An ell. (725.) See Aun- age. alom. Fr. Alum. (223.) See Aleum. alose. Fr. A shad: (234, 375). Mr. Way informs us (Prompt. Parv. i. p. 310) that it has been suggested that the loach (Cobitis barbata, Linn.) may have been So named from the old French 'locher,' to shake, or wag, in consequence of its singularly rest less habits. It seems more pro bable, however, that it is a cor ruption, through the French, of the Latin ' alosa ' (as used by Ausonius), the more especially as the ' alosa ' is identified with the loach, in the Ortus Vocab. (as quoted by Way) ; though, in reality, there can be little doubt that it originally meant, like the present French word, a different fish, the shad. alowe. Fr. A lark. (468, 712.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 694. alower. See Allower. alowers. Fr. To let. (47.) The verb ' alower ' employed as a plural adjective. ameisner. Fr. To bring. (459.) amenuser. Fr. To diminish, cur tail, get rid of. (261.) 'To ' amenuse,' is used as an English verb, in the same sense, in Lyd- gate's Translation of De Guile- vile's Pilgrimage of the Soul; also, by Chaucer, in the Persones Tale. Amias (228), Amyas (418, 424, 426, 614). The former name of the City of Amiens, in Picardy. See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 695. See Heynes. Ammondesham (299). Agmon desham, or Amersham, in Buck inghamshire. Andeluye (424). A surname, de rived probably from the Isle of Andely, in Normandy. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 695, s. v. Andley. T 2 292 LIBER ALBUS. Andevere (535, 536). Andover, in Hampshire. Andwerpe (613). Antwerp. anoesance (506), anoesaunce (510, 511), anosaunce (506, 510), anu- sance(313), anusaunce (271). Fr. . Nuisance, annoyance. Anviers. Fr. Antwerp. (634.) annys (230), anys (224). Fr. Aniseed. anusance, anusaunce. See Anoe sance. apiert, en (270), appiert, en (274). Fr. In an open place, openly. Sec Appiert. appelloure. Fr. (460.) An ap pealer, a false informer or ap prover. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 695, s. v. Apel- lour. appentice. Fr. A penthouse, or pentice. (288, 336.) See Pentis, and Appenticum. appiert. Fr. Open, public. (282.) See Apiert, en. appres. Fr. After, afterwards. (460.) arc-a-perre. Fr. A petronel, stone- bow, or bow for casting stones ; the use of which was forbidden in the City. (278.) See Stan- boghe, and Arcus de petra. aresoner. Fr. To interrogate. (277.) Hence our word ' arraign ; ' the French word being probably de rived from the Latin ' ratiocinor.' See, however, Du Cange (ed. Henschel), s. vv. Adramire and Arraniare. This form was early adopted into the Engl, language ; as meaning ' to reason,' or ' per- ' suade,' in Robert de Brunne's Translation of Langtoft's Chroni cle ; ' to talk to,' Kyng Alysaun- der, 6751 ; 'to question,' or 'in- ' terrogate,' Rom. of the Rose, . 6220, Cursor Mundi, f. 7. See Halliwell, Diet. Arch. s. v. Are- son. ' Enreson ' (Robert of Glou cester's Chronicle, p. 321), was another form of the word. See Arreiner. arest. Fr. Arrest. (220.) See Arrester. argil (730, 731), argille (728). Fr. Potters' clay, argil. argoil (225, 231). Fr. Argoil, argal, or argul ; the impure salt deposited from wine, or coarse cream of tartar. See Halliwell, Diet. Arch. p. 82. This word ' argoile ' is used by Chaucer ; but Tyrwhitt and Wright (Glos sary to the Canterbury Tales) explain it as meaning potters' clay. ark (278), arke (515). Fr. A bow. See Arc-a-perre. armurer. Fr. An armourer. (301.) arreiner. Fr. To arraign, accuse. (460.) See Aresoner. arrester. Fr. (39, 44, 202.) To arrest, to seize ; a term formerly applied equally to the seizure of property and person. See Arest, and Arestare. arreym. Fr. Brass. (261.) arrirages. Fr. plur. Arrears. (427.) arrivaile (574). Fr. Arrival. asmercier. Fr. To amerce, to mulct. (212,267,270,274.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 694, s. v. Amerciement. asqun. Fr. Any. (496.) GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 293 asserter. Fr. To assure, to certify. (200.) assient. Fr. Assent. (318.) assouthe. Fr. (471.) Past parti ciple of the verb ' assoudre,' to absolve. See the Glossary to Liber Custum, p. 697, s. v. Assoutz. assy. Fr. Assay, trial. (336.) atravers. Fr. At traverse, at issue. (212, 216.) In law, a ' tra- ' verse' signifies the denial of some matter of fact, alleged to be done in the plaintiff's declaration. The formal words of a traverse are in old French ' Sans ceo,' in Latin ' Absque hoc; ' and in Eng lish 'Without that,' i.e. such a thing was done or not, etc. attachier, Fr. To attach. (277.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 697, s. v. Attacher. attainez. Fr. (367.) Past parti ciple plural of the verb ' attainer,' to agitate ; erroneously printed ' attamez.' attendre. Fr. To attaint, -to con vict. (262.) attornementz. Fr. plur. Attorn ments, acknowledgments of an existing right. (180.) Auban, Seint. Fr. (233, 284.) Saint Albans, in Hertfordshire ; where, as we learn from the for mer passage, bread was prepared for the London market. Audermann (267, 276, 277). An Alderman ; a French form of an Anglo-Saxon word. See Aldre- man. audres. Fr. plur. Others, (111.) Aumbresbery (402). Amesbury (formerly, Ambrosebury,) in Wilt shire. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. pp. 694, 697, s. vv. Ambresbery, and Aumbresbire. aunage. Fr. (676, 726.) Alnage, or aulnage. A duty paid to the King's aulnager, a sworn officer, whose place it was to examine into the assize of cloths, and to affix seals thereto; as also to collect the aulnage (or duty per ell) granted to the sovereign on all cloths sold. Aulnage duties were abolished by 11 and 12 Will. III. c. 20. See Alne, and Ulnagium. auneour. Fr. An aulnager. (726.) autentikement. Fr. Satisfactorily, on sufficient evidence. (48.) aufrefoythe. Fr. Thereafter, an other time. (285.) auxiben (370), auxibien (418). Fr. As well. aver de poise (230), avoir de poys (588). Fr. Avoirdupoise, wares weighed by the pound. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 784, s. vv. Averia ponderis. aveynes. Fr. plur. Oats. (721, 722.) avoir. Fr. (292.) Personalty, per sonal property, in contradistinc tion to land. See the following words. avoir (318), avoirs (231). Fr. Wares. Hence the old English words 'aveer' (Maundevile's Tra vels, p. 292) ; ' avere ' (Langtoft's Chronicle, p. 124) ; and ' avoir ' (Sevyn Sages, 2205), all signi- 294 LIBER ALBUS. fying property : as, also, our present word ' wares.' avoire. Fr. Property, means, af fluence. (462.) See the pre ceding words. avouerie. Fr. Avowry. (381.) See Avowrye, Awouerie, and Vow- aunt. avouteresse. Fr. An adulteress. (457.) See Advouteresse. avoutour. Fr. An adulterer. (457.) See Advoutoure. avower. Fr. To avow, answer for, assert to be one's own. (264, 639, 657, 667, 687.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 781, s. v. Advocare. avowrye. Fr. (180.) Avowry ; as sertion by a party that a thing has been done in his own right, and justification of the same. See Avouerie, Awouerie, and Vow- aunt. avys. Fr. Advice, consideration. (462.) awere. Fr. Doubt, suspense (212, 291.) See En awere. awouerie. Fr. Avowry. (380.) See Avowrye. ayder. Fr. To aid, to assist. (641.) ayle. Fr. Garlic. (238, 418.) See Oyl. bacynette. Fr. A bassenet, or light helmet. (437.) bailies. Fr. plur. (234.) Bails ; hoops nailed to the sides of a vessel for the support of an awn ing or tilt ; whence vessels of this description were known as ' tilt-boats.' It seems not impro bable that from this word, the small trading craft used on our Eastern coasts may have received the name of ' billy-boy.' See the Introduction to Liber Albus, p. xcvii. See Balles, and Beilles. Bakwelhalle (557, 611). Bakewell Hall, in Bassishaw Ward. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 699, s. v. Rassieshaghe. baleyn (230), baleyne (224). Whale bone. See Halliwell's Diet. Arch. p. 135. balles. Fr. plur. Bails. (344.) See Bailies, and Beilles. Bank. Fr. The Court of King's Bank, or Bench. (293.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 698. barbour. Fr. A barber. (714.) barelharang. Engl. Barrelled her rings. (238.) bargayn (315, 369, 370, 401), bar- gayne (367). Fr. A bargain. bargayner. Fr. To make a bar gain. (711.) barile. Fr. A barrel. (382.) Barre, la. The Bar. (100.) It seems highly probable that Hatch- am in Surrey, which was for merly considered to belong to Kent, may be the locality here alluded to. It may have had its name from the A. S. ' hascca,' a bar or hatch, from a bar or gate there separating the two Counties. A part of it was early known as Hatcham Barnes, possibly a corruption of ' Barre ' or ' Barres.' See Garre. GLOSSARY OP ANGLQ-NORMAN, ETC. 295 bars du meer. Fr. Sea bass. (234.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 785, s. v. Barcius. $ee Bras. Bartilmew. Bartholomew. (334.) baseyne. Fr. Basil, basan, or ha sten, inferior leather made from sheepskin. (225.) See Bazain. Bassyeshawe (463), Bassynges- haw (558). Bassishaw Ward, in the City of London. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 699, s. v. Bassieshaghe. bat (236,248), bate (235, 246, 271). Fr. A boat. batele(384),batelle(277). Fr. A boat. bateller. Fr. A boatman. (579.) baude (457), bawde (259). A bawd, male or female ; a procurer or procuress. bazain (732), bazein (589), bazeine (231, 733). Basil, basan, or bazen, inferior leather made from sheepskin. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 699, s. v. Ba- zene. See Baseyne. bedel (119), bedelle (182, 189). Engl. A bedel ; probably from the A. S. beofaan, ' to bid,' from the fact of his being an offi cial summoner or messenger. Possibly, however, the A. S. bebel, or bybel, may be from bibban, ' to ' bid.' bedeleie. Bedelry, bedelship (525). A French adaptation of an English word. Bedleem (538), Bedlem (.552, 553, 556). The old mode of pro nouncing the word 'Bethlehem,' the name of the Hospital of St. Mary in Moorfields ; originally established for the reception of the Order of Bethlehem and the Bishop of Bethlehem (mentioned in p. 556), a prelate in partibus infidelium. See Newcourt's Re- pertorium, I. p. 464. See Beth delem, and Maria Beatce extra Bysshoppesgate. beilles. Fr. "plur. Bails. (376.) See Bailies, and Balles. Bercheneslane. Birchin Lane, in the City. (242.) Stow is probably in error in his assertion (Survey) that this locality was originally so caUed from one Birchover, the first builder and owner thereof. Berkinge (103), Berkyng (515, 581), Berkyngge (373). Bark ing, in Essex. Berkingecherche (52), Berkyng- chirche (16, 275), Berkynge- chirch (53), Berkyngechirche (251). Barking Church ; the Church of All-hallows Barking, in the City. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 700. besoignes. Fr. plur. Needs, wants, business. (45.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 702, s. v. Bosoigne. See Bosoignes, and Busoigne. bestee. Fr. A beast. (273.) Bethdelem (608). The Hospital of Saint Mary Bethlehem, in Moor fields. See Bedleem. Bethereslane (558). It seems not improbable that the present Bil- liter Lane is meant under this name; though Stow says (Survey) that it was originally called ' Bel. 296 LIBER ALBUS. 'zettar's Lane,' from the first builder and owner thereof. bevere. Engl. Beaver. (605.) Beaver hats were not uncommonly worn by the wealthier classes at this period ; in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, 1. 274, for example, the Merchant wore upon his head " a Flaundrisch bever hat." bief. Fr. A beef, beeve, or ox. (712). Billyngesgate (238, 261, 461, 463), Byllyngesgate (549), Byllyngges- gate (578). Billingsgate, in the City of London. It is named, and is the only place so named, as the landing-place for foreign goods,' in the days of King Ethelred : see the Instituta Lundoniee, in Thorpe's Ancient Laws andlnsti- tutes of England, p. 127. birlester (689), biiister (689), biiies- teris, plur. (689). Engl. Abirlster, birlsters. This name, given to hucksters or retailers of victuals from door to door, appears to be of but rare occurrence ; it is pro bably to be met with only in the City books, temp. Edward HI. bis. Fr. Brown. (264.) Applied here to bread made of coarse meal, and known as ' trait ' or ' trete.' M. Michel is of opinion (Recherches sur les Etoffes de Soie, etc. I. p. 176, n. pp. 10-13), that in some instances, where this adjective appears in conjunction with another adjective denoting colour, it is the Latin adverb ' bis,' and means in such cases ' twice ' dyed,' the same as the ' dibapha ' of the ancients. The expression ' pourpre his,' for example, he takes to mean a purple doubly rich. It seems, however, at least equally probable that the meaning is, a purple shot with a sombre colour, brown, black, or grey ; similar to the expression " medley " brune and porre colour " (what ever 'porre' may mean), quoted in Herbert's Hist. Twelve Livery Comp. i. p. 64. The same remark will apply to the numerous pas sages quoted by Halliwell, Diet. Arch. pp. 177, 178. As to the colour called ' byce ' (Prompt. Parv. p. 35), or rather ' blue byce,' Mr. Way is of opinion that it was " a preparation of zaffre, of a dim " and brownish cast of colour, in " comparison with the brilliancy " ofthe true azure." According to a Note in Liber Horn, fol. 249 b., ' bis ' was a name given to the fur on the back of the squirrel in winter, evidently meaning brown. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 700, s. v. Bisset. See Bissus. bislethe (375). The meaning of this word can only be surmised ; ap parently, it signifies ' heaped up.' Bithol (659). Bridge-toll; a corrupt form of an Anglo-Saxon word. See Bridtol, and Brudtoll. blader (261, 460, 696), bladier (261), bladour (693, 697). Fr. A corn- dealer ; also commonly known as a ' blader ' in our language, in former times. bladsmithe (735), bladsmythe (654, GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 297 736). Engl. A bladesmith, or maker of blades. blank. Fr. White. (710.) blecche. Fr. (723.) See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 701. bocher (712, 713, 714), houchier (263,279). Fr. A butcher. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 701. Bocheresbrigge (622). Butcher's Bridge; near the Black Friars. It probably crossed the Fleet River. bokeler (515, 643), bokeller (275). Fr. A buckler or shield. Bokeleresbury (583). Bucklersbury, in the City of London. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 702, s. v. Boheleresberi. bord (333), horde (232), bord, ptur. (238). Fr. A board, boards. bordelere. Fr. A keeper of a bordel, or brothel. (275.) bosoignes (473, 516, 666), bosoynes (571). Fr. plur. Business. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 702, s.v. Bosoigne. See Be- soignes, and Busoigne. botelmaker. Engl. A bottle-maker. (654.) botis. Fr. plur. Boots. (732.) Botulf, Wharf de Seynt (579) . Saint Botolph's Wharf, Lower Thames Street ; the site, it is supposed, of the northern foot of the London Bridge of Anglo-Saxon times. Botulveswharf, Seynt (356, 716). Saint Botolph's Wharf. See the preceding. bouche. Fr. Firewood. (272.) See Buche, and JBuscke. bouchier. See Bocher bounde. Fr. A boundary, a limit. (379, 380.) bounementes. Fr. Fairly, properly. (295.) Bowe (642, 700). The common name given to the church of St. Mary in Cheapside, from the arches or bows on which the church was built, according to Stow (Survey) ; who says, how ever, in his First Edition of that work, that the arches or bows from which the church took its name were on the top of the steeple, or bell-tower, thereof. bowier (732, 735), bowyer (732). Engl. A bowyer, or maker of bows. Braban (676), Brabant (642). A Brabanter, or native of Brabant. braceour (316, 359, 360, 361, 562, 567, 645, 680, 699, 700, 701, 702), braciour (358). Fr. A brewer. See Braseour. bracer. Fr. To brew. (46, 272. 358, 359.) braceresce (266, 267), bracercsse (46, 259, 265, 316, 337, 358, 359, 360, 361, 701, 703, 704, 721). Fr. A brewster, or female who brews ale. See the Introduction to Liber Albus, pp. Ix., lxi. bracine (564, 672), bracyne (359). Fr. A brewery. Bradestrete (463), Bradstret (394), Bradstrete (396, 582). Broad Street, in the City of London. braeller. Fr. A maker of braels, or breeches. (737.) bias. Fr. Probably the fish known as the sea-bass. (375.) See the 298 LIBER ALBUS. Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 785, s. v. Barcius . See Bars du meer. braseour (701), brasseour (700). Fr. A brewer. See Braceour. brasil (230), brasille (224). Fr. Brasil ; a dyeing material. " No- " tices occur of brasil-wooi, con- " siderably anterior to the dis- " covery of Brazil by the Portu- " guese captain, Peter Alvarez " Capralis, on the 3rd May 1500. " Henamedit 'the land ofthe Holy " ' Cross,' ' since of store of that " ' wood, called brasill.' — Pur- " chas'* Pilgrimes, Vol. i. It is " probable that some wood, which " supplied a red dye, had been " brought from the East Indies, " and received the name of ' brasil' " long previous to the discovery of " America. See Huetiana, p. 268. " In the Canterbury Tales, the " host, commending the Nonne's " Preeste for his health and " vigour, says, — " ' Him nedeth not his colour for to dien " ' With brasil, ne with grain of Portingale.' " Among the valuable effects of " Henry V., (the Inventory taken " in 1422,) there occur 'ii. " 'graundes peces du bracile.' — " Rot. Pari. In Sloane MS. 2584, " p. 3, are directions ' for to make " ' brasil for to florische lettres, " ' or to rewle wyth bookes." — Way, Note to Prompt. Parv. p. 47; where ' brasyle ' is described as " gaudo (woad) vel lignum " Alexandrinum." ' " The word " bresil, or brasil, was in use before " the discovery of America, in the " sense of a bright red, the colour " of braise or hot coals ; and when " Brazil was discovered, it seems to " have been named from furnish- " ing a better red dye than those " formerly known. — Wedgwood's Diet. Engl. Etymology, I. p. 226. Brasil wood is mentioned as a fumigatory, among the imports in the Accounts of the Grocers' Company, 1454. For further notices of this article, and the possible origin of the name (which seems to have been some times given also to the kermes, or Coccus ilicis), see Halliwell's Diet. Arch. pp. 178, 206; Du Cange, Glossar. (ed. Henschel), s. v. Brasile ; also, the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 805, s. v. Granum. Bredstrete (108,463). Bread Street, in the City of London. Bremble (232). Bromley, near Strat ford in Essex ; which still has its flour -mills, as in the Middle Ages. trees (247, 432, 460), breez (314, 460, 461),brez (693). Fr. Malt, or barley for making malt. bren. Engl. Bran. (705.) bretask (542). A battlement. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 703, s. v. Bretaske. Bretone (546). The name of a law treatise, more generally known as 'Britton'; of the 13th century, and the authorship of which is doubtful. brewe (467). This word is also mentionedinthe Archaologia, and in the Antiq. Repert. i. p. 78 (Purveyance for a Feast, temp- GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 299 Richard II.), where it is queried whether it does not mean the grouse ; but from the price of it in the present instance, a larger bird would seem to be meant. In Henschel's edition of Du Cange's Glossary, ' bureta ' is mentioned as a duck, and as being called ' bour ' in the dialect of Picardy. 'Burdo' is also mentioned as meaning a kite ; but that bird can hardly be meant here. Possibly it may be the ' blarye,' or bald coot, named in the treatise of Walter de Biblesworth, Wright's Vol. Vocab. p. 165. Briggestrete (689). Bridge Street, near London Bridge ; in the 14th , century it was extensively oc cupied by fishmongers. See Vicus Pontis. Bridtol (140), Bridtolle (133), Brightol (155), Brithtol (149, 165). Bridge-toll, or Pontage. Seethe Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 704, s. v. Brudthol. See Bithol, and Brudtoll. brocage. Fr. Brokerage, brokership. (400, 587.) brocour. Fr. A broker. (400.) brode. Engl. The brood, or young, of animals. (507.) Brokyncros (557). The Broken Cross, probably the Standard, or " Old Cross at the West end of "West Cheap," mentioned by Stow in his Survey. It stood at the East end of the church of St. Michael le Quern, and near the north door of St.Paul's Cathe dral. It was finally removed in the year 1390. brouderer. Engl. A broiderer, or embroiderer. (686.) Brudtoll (130, 131). Bridge-toll, or Pontage. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 704, s. v. Brud thol. See Bithol, and Bridtol. bryef. Fr. A brief or writ. (180.) buche. Fr. Firewood. (259,337, 729, 730, 731.) See Bquche, and Busche. bultel (705), bultelle (705). Fr. A boulter, or boulting-sievefor flour; hence flour of the finest quality was said to be " pf the best boult- " ing." See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 789, s. v. Bulfellus. bulter. Fr. To boult meal ; to use the boulter, or boulting-sieve. (705.) bunchee. Fr. A bunch. (238.) bundelle. Fr. A bundle. (238,) bur (245), bure (680). Fr. Butter. burnet. Fr. A cloth so called. (723.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 704, s. v. Burnetz. busche (731), busshe (523). Fr. Firewood. See Bouche, and Buche. busoigne (370,394), busoignes (522), busoignez (308, 31 1, 424, 425, 426. Fr. Needs, business. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 702, s. v. Bosoigne. See Besoignes and Bosoignes. busselle (267), busshelle (335, 336). Fr. A bushel. byer. Fr. To think, to expect. (371.) Byllyngesgate. See Billyngesgate. 300 LIBER ALBUS. bytore. Fr. A bittern. (466.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 704, s. v. Butor. caas. Fr. Case, state of things. (463.) caboche. Fr. (238.) In old French this word is explained as meaning a ' head ' ; but in the Prompt. Parv. (p. 57) it is mentioned as being identical with ' currulia,' which in its turn is probably the same as ' curullum,' mentioned in Du Cange, with a query as to its possible meaning. An earthen pot or pipkin seems to be the signification of that word ; and ' caboche ' may possibly have been employed in both significations, just as the word 'hanapel'was used to signify a drinking-cup and the head, and as the old Fr. 'teste,' ' the head,' is derived from the Latin ' testa,' an earthen vessel. So also with us, the word ' pipkin ' is still used, in cant language, to signify the head. In a document temp. Henry VIII., marked ' Aldeboron,' and pre served in the Public Record Of fice, this word is translated ' ca- 'bage' in the present instance; a meaning which, it is safe to say from the context, it cannot pos sibly have ; though our word 1 cabbage,' there can be little doubt, comes from the old French 'caboche.' See Nounper, and Valatil. Candelwikestrete (463). Candle- wick Street, now Cannon Street, in the City ; see the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 705, s. v. Can- delwike. See Canewykestrete. canele. Fr. Cinnamon. (230.) So called also in early English ; see Prompt. Parv. pp. 22, 60; and Halliwell's Diet. Arch. p. 229. canele. Fr. A channel, or kennel, of a street, a watercourse (657) ; called in early English a ' canel ' or ' chanele ;' see Prompt. Parv. p. 69. See Chanel, and Ca- nellus. Canewykestrete (557). Candlewick Street, now Cannon Street ; see the Glossary to Liber. Custum. p. 705, s. v. Candelwike. See Candelwikestrete. Cantebrugge. Cambridge. (436.) See Cauntebrugge. cappe. Fr. A cap. (724.) carbon (729), carboun (232, 272, 730, 731), carbons, plur. (337). Fr. Charcoal. carboun de meer. Fr. Sea coal. (237.) carcois. Fr. A carcase. (712.) See Carkays. cardemaker (654, 737). Engl. A maker of cards of iron, for carding wool. See Pynner. Cardoyl. Fr. Carlisle. (105.) carette. Fr. A cart. (384.) Carfeux (465). A Carfax, or place with four faces. In a MS. tran scribed in the Antiq. Repert. ni. p. 267, this word is said to be derived from the Fr. * Quatre ' voiz,' 'Four ways;' but in Mons. Jorevin's Description of Eng land, Vol. iv. p. 577 of the same GLOSSARY OP ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 301 work, a more correct origin, in all probability, is suggested, in re ference to the Carfax at Oxford. — " This great street passes to a " cross-way, where is a fountain " with four faces, called Kaifex, " and the town-hall, with its " clock." carkays. Fr. A carcase. (712.) See Carcois. carkere. Fr. To load. (418, 419.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 706, s. v. Carker. See Kark. caulx (729), caux (278, 288, 730, 731). Fr. Lime. Cauntebrugge. Cambridge. (105.) See Cantebrugge. Caunterbirs. Canterbury. (517.) caux. See Caulx. Caxetone. Caxton, in Cambridge shire. (406.) ce. Fr. (506.) For the pronoun ' se.' cedewale (230), cetewale (224). Fr. Explained as meaning the plant ' zedoary,' in Prompt. Parv. i. p. 67. See also Du Cange, Glos- sar. s. v. Zedoaria, which is identified with the Fr. ' citoual,' ' chitoual,' or ' eytoal.' Zedoary is a root, used for medicinal pur poses, belonging to the Curcuma Zedoaria, a plant growing in the East Indies, the leaves resembling those of ginger, only longer and broader. It comes in oblong pieces, about the thickness of the little finger, and two or three inches in length, and is a warm stomachic. In Halliwell's Diet. Arch. p. 238, ' cetywall ' is identi fied with the herbs Valerian and Mountain spikenard. See also Setewale, p. 724 of that work. cell. Fr. That. (449.) cendal. Fr. Cendal, sendal, or sandel. (283.) See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. pp. 706, 792, s. vv. Cendale, Cindatum, and Cindon. See Sendal. cermountyn. Fr. Turpentine. (230.) Not improbably, this should be written ' termountyn.' See Cirmounte. certeign (379), certeyn (306, 689, 700). Fr. Certain. cervoyse. Fr. Ale. (276, 359.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 707, s. v. Cerveise. cetewale. See Cedeioale. ceynturer. A girdler. (436.) See Seynture, and Zonarius. cez. Fr. For ' sez ' or ' ses.' His, their. (383, 384.) See Ses, and Sez. chacer. Fr. To drive. (453, 731.) chalers. Fr. plur. (288.) It seems difficult to say whether this word means ' stones,' or the 'husks and ' peelings ' of fruit; perhaps, more probably the latter. chalons (231), chalouns (225). Fr. plur. Shalloons : so called from being made originally at Chalons sur Marne, in France. This seems also to have been a name for a thicker texture, as it is explained as ' tapetum,' a ' counterpane,' in Metr. Vocab. 14th Century, and Pict. Vocab. 15th Century, (Wright's Vol. Vocab. pp. 179, 260). 'Chalun7 (or 'chalone') 302 LIBER ALBUS. ' bedde clothe,' — Prompt. Parv. p. 68, to whieh see Mr. Way's Note. This word occurs in Chau cer, Reves Tale. See Chalones. chamberlenc (390), chamberleyh (390, 528), chambirleyn (45). Fr. A chamberlain. See Chaum- berlayn. champertour. Fr. A champer- tor, one guilty of champerty, or corrupt maintenance of suits. (260. ) See the Glossary to Liber Custumarum, p. 708, s. v. Cham- part. chanel (667), chanelle (675). Fr. A channel, or kennel. See Canele. chape. Fr. A cape, or hood. (672.) chapelette. Fr. (724.) Apparently, this means a hat ; whereas in p. 218 of Liber Custumarum, the word ' chapiau,' which ordinarily means a hat, is used to signify a chaplet. chaperoun. Fr. A hood. (283,459.) chapon (716), chapoun (466, 712, . 717). Fr. A capon. char (274), chare (274), chars, plur. (680). Fr. Flesh meat. charecte (232, 2*45, 247, 261, 266, 288), charette (233, 247, 453, 579, 585, 680, 688, 728, 730, 731). Fr. A cart. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 708, s. v, Cha rette, and p. 791, s. v. Carecta. charetter (533, 728), charettere (453). Fr. A carter. See Cha- rettarius. charge. Fr. (225.) See Kark. charge. Fr. A loading. (526.) chasteines. Fr. plur. Chesnuts. (230.) See Chestaine. Chastel Baynard. Fr. Castle Bay- nard, in the City of London. (274.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 709. chaucer. Fr. (438.) A shoemaker. The designation of a trade, fol lowed by the individual or his ancestor, here employed as a sur name. The person herementiohed was a benefactor to the Church of St. Mary Aldermary, and is supposed by Stowe (Survey) to have been the father of the poet Chaucer. chaumberlayn (587), chaumberleyn (248, 336), chaumbirlayn (47), chaumbirlein (49), chaumbirleyn (48), chaumbrelein (49). Fr. A chamberlain. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 709, s. vv. Chaumberlayn le Roi. See Chamberlenc. chaundele. Fr. A candle. (714.) chaundoun. Fr. The chaudron, or entrails, of an animal. >(236.) This word seems to have been written in various ways in early English: see Halliwell's Diet. Arch. p. 242. chein. Fr. A dog. (453.) Chelmersforde. Chelmsford, in Es sex. (95.) See Chemereford. Chemereford. Chelmsford, in Es sex. (95.) See Chelmersforde. chemyn. Fr. A way. (313, 582.) chestaine. Fr. plur. Chesnuts. (224.) See Chasteines. chevance. Fr. Acquisition of pro perty. 'Male chevance,' Evil gain, gain by extortion. (367.) GLOSSARY OF ANGLO -NORMAN, ETC. 303 See Chevancia, and Mala Che vancia. cheventeyn. Fr. A chief, a prin cipal. (370.) This word is also used in early English, in the Chronicle of Robert of Glou cester ; also, p. 188 of Wright's Political Songs (Camd. Soc), temp. Edward I. See aiso Hal- » liweh's Diet. Arch. p. 245. chevisance (368> 370, 399, 400), chevissance (400). Fr. Agree ment, contract, bargain, business, transaction. In some of the aricient Statutes, this word is em ployed as meaning an unlawful bargain or contract ; and so in p. 399 it is used in the sense of extortionate gain, being explained in the next page as ' chevissance ' illicite.' As meaning a treaty, agreement, or business transac tion, this word is used in the early English of Piers Plow man, Chaucer, and Lydgate ; see Halliwell, Diet. Arch. p. 245. In the Prompt. Parv. it is ex plained as meaning ' providentia,' probably, thrift or gain. See also Wedgwood's Diet. English Etym. i. p. 331. See Chevisare. chevisbur. Fr. An agent, one ¦'*<% who transacts business. (368.) chevysse. Fr. (400.) Past par ticiple of the verb ' chevir,' which here means ' to practice upon,' ' to ' subject to extortion.' See Che visance. cheyne. Fr. A chain. (335, 647.) 'chier. Fr. Dear. (714.) Chlldwite (130, 131, 133, 155), Childwyte (138, 140, 149, 165, 659). See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 710. Chiltre. The Chiltern District. (129.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. Ill, s.v. Ciltre. chimenee. Fr. A chimney. (333.) See Chymene, and Chymyney. chivalere. Fr. To ride. (336.) chymene. Fr. A hearth, or chim ney. (333.) In these instances it is almost impossible to say whether the word means a chim ney in the modern sense, or merely a hearth with an open grate. The reader may consult, on this subject, the Introduction to Liber Albus, p. xxxiii. ; H. Turner's Domestic Archit. of England, vol. I. ; Parker's Glos sary of Gothic Architecture, i. pp. 128-130; Aubrey's Note in Antiq. Repert. i. p. 69 ; Wright's Vol. Vocab. pp. 129, 237, Vocabu laries of the 15th Century; Prompt. Parv. I. p. 169, Way's Note ; and Halliwell, Diet. Arch. p. 246. See Chimenee, and Chymyney. chymyney. Fr. A chimney. (313.) See Chimenee, and Chymene. ciere. Fr. Wax. (231.) cimitere (229), cimiterie (272). Fr. A cemetery, or burial-ground. See Nief Cimitere. cirmounte. Fr. Turpentine. (224.) See Cermountyn. citein (294, 509), citeyn (287, 296), citezein (271,418). Fr. A citizen. 304 LIBER ALBUS. claie. Fr. A hurdle. (265.) Henry Waleys, Mayor of London, A.D. 1283, was the first to punish fraudulent bakers by having them drawn through the streets on a hurdle ; a punishment which was discontinued in the reign of Henry VI. According to the Liber de Antiq. Legibus, p. 41, the ancient punishment of fraudulent bakers was the pillory, but in 1258 the Justiciar Hugh Bigot caused them to be " exalted in the " tumbrel." clamif. Fr. An accuser. (110.) cleef. Fr. A key. (262.) cleire. Fr. Clear. (316.) clierz. Fr. plur. Clerks. (473.) clokke. Fr. A clock, or bell. (465, 680.) In the earlier part of the Middle Ages, the hours were signified to the public by the striking of bells. As, however, clocks had been introduced into England before A.D. 1360, andhad probably come into comparatively general use before the end of the 14th century, the word in the pre sent instances probably means ' clock,' in the modern acceptation ofthe word. See an Essay on this subject by Baines Barrington in vol. v. of the Archceologia ; also Antiq. Repert. xv. p. 318 ; and Du Cange, Glossar. (ed. Henschel), s. v. liorologhtm. cloos. Fr. A close, enclosure, or closed place. (453.) clou. Fr. A clove, in weight (227) ; evidently a much larger part of a wey than the modern clove, of eight pounds, 32 or 42 of which go to the wey ; while in the present instance six cloves, to all appearance, make the wey. cloysure. Fr. An enclosure. (477). Clutere. Fr. (90.) A surname, pro bably indicating the trade of its owner, that of a ' clouter,' or ' nailer.' clyens. Fr. plur. Clients. (473.) cobeler. Engl. A cobbler, or mender of shoes. (533, 732, 735.) See the Introduction to Liber Custum. p. 70 ; and Coleridge's Glossarial Index, p. 88, s. v. Treisuses. coda (237), code (246). Perhaps an Italian measure, as applied to sulphur. Iu Du Cange, Glossar. (ed. Henschel), mention is made (s. v. Coda) of a French measure used for wax, in the 14th cen tury, known as the ' code.' codnet. Engl. (577.) See the Glos sary to Liber. Custum. p. 711. coeverer. Fr. To avow, to colour as one's own, to cover with ex emption. (693, 697.) coffrer. Fr. A cofferer, or maker of coffers. (737.) See Cofre. cofre. Fr. A coffer, or small box. (261.) coigne. Fr. Coinage. (574.) coiller. Fr. To gather, to collect. (273.) coke. Engl. (406.) Probably, a cook. coket. Engl. (45.) A cocket or seal. In the present instance, the seal employed by the Sheriffs of London in reference to the cus tody and release of prisoners in Newgate. This term has been GLOSSARY OP ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 305 long used as applied to certain documents issued under seal by officers of the Customs: see Ma- dox, Firma Burgi, p. 9, and Hist. Excheq. i. p. 783. As to cocket- bread, see the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 793, s. v. Cohettus. See Kohettus. Cokkeslane (459). Cock Lane, si tuate without Newgate. Coloniens. Fr. The Colognese, or people of Cologne. (229.) As to their early commerce with this country, see Liber Custum. pp. 66-68, and Introd. pp. xli., xlii. ; also, Introduction to Liber Albus, p. xcvi. colourement. Fi\ Colourably. (371.) companon. Fr. A partner. (400). compleint (462), compleynt (518). Fr. Complaint. comyn. Fr. Cummin. (224, 230.) condyt (583, 730). Fr. A conduit. In these instances, the " Great " Conduit," at the east end of Cheap and adjoining the Poultry, is meant. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 771, s. v. Ty- bourne. conille. Fr. A coney, or rabbit. (465.) conins panes. Fr. plur. Coney furs, or rabbit-skins. (230.) conissance. Fr. Acquaintance. (458.) Assessment, estimate. (523.) conistre. Fr. To know. (368.) conoille. Fr. A distaff. (459.) conseler (306, 360), conseller (382). Fr. To conceal. contek. Fr. Contest, contention, VOL. III. strife. (312, 642.) Under the various forms of 'euntek,' 'contek,' ' conteke,' ' conteck,' and ' con- ' take,' this word was imported into early English, the Chronicle of Robert of Gloucester, and the works of Chaucer, for example. See also Halliwell, Diet. Arch. pp. 268, 287. In Langtoft's Chronicle, p. 328, we find the word ' contekour,' a quarrelsome person ; and hence, in all proba bility, our cant word, still in use> ' cantankerous,' signifying, quar relsome. Mr. Wright, in his Glos sary to Chaucer, marks the word ' contek,' as Anglo-Saxon, but to all appearance it is French. contemptent. Fr. Contempt. (369.) contenderesse. Fr. A scold. (457.) contenue. Fr. The contents. (508.) continuez. Fr. Contained. (514.) contraduersie. Fr. A controversy, or dispute. (44.) controever. Fr. To invent, to fa bricate. (601.) conusaunce. Fr. Reputation. (275.) conyn (466), conyng (225, 712, 717), conynge (592). Engl. A rabbit ; but in p. 225 a rabbit-skin is meant. This word was employed in various forms in early English; "conyng rosted," "copull con- " yng," — Purveyance made for King Richard II. Antiq. Repert. i. p. 73; "Ffatconyngus and newe."' Romance of Sir Degrevant, 1. 1405. (Thornton Romances, Camd. Soc.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 712. See Conins panes. U 306 LIBER ALBUS. conyssance. Fr. Knowledge. (520.) cool. Fr. The neck. (265.) cor. Fr. (422.) Horn, or possibly, bark. corbail (231, 266), corbaille (231). Fr. A pannier, or basket for bread. Corby (228), Corbye (418). Corby, or Corbie, in Picardy. See the Glossary to LiberCustum. p. 713. cordewane (225), cordewayn (732), cordewayne (231), cordwayn (732), cordwayne (589). Cord wain, Cordovan leather. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 713, s.v. Cordewan. Cordewanerestrete (122, 447, 463). Cordwainer Street (known as " Corveiser Strate," temp. Henry HI.), the former name of the Ward now known as " Cord- " wainer's Ward," in the vicinity of St. Paul's ; and so called from the Cordwainers, or Shoe makers, who resided there in former times. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 713, s.v. Cordewan, coreis. Fr. Kersey cloth. (225.) Formerly called ' carsey ' or ' cresy.' See Halliwell, Diet. Arch. p. 233. coriour. Fr. A currier. (738.) corn. Fr. A horn. (335.) corndisshe. Engl. A dish, or vessel, for holding corn. (243.) cornere. Fr. A corner. (465.) Cornhul (667, 718). Cornhill, in the City of London. correctage (315), correttage, (315). Fr. Coirectorship, brokership. correcter (589), correctour (394, 587). Fr. A corrector, or licensed broker. Brokers legally appoint ed were so called ; for example, in the Ordinance of the Staple, 21 Edward III. c. 22 (Stat.Realm, 1810, i. p. 341.), Correctors are defined as " good people, sufficient " and having knowledge of such " mystery (the staple), lawfully to " make and record the bargains " betwixt the buyers and the " sellers." See further as to this word (whence the modern Fr. courtier, ' a broker ') in Wedg wood's Diet. Engl. Elym. i. p. 246. See Correctarius. correcterie (589), correctrie (589). Fr. Corrector ship, the calling of a corrector. See Correcter. correctour. See Correcter. cote. Fr. A coat. (727.) cotel (642, 644, 664), cotelle (314, 388). Fr. A knife, or dagger. See Cutelle, cotiller. Fr. A cutler. (88, 123.) The name of an occupation, em ployed as a surname. cotnet. Engl. (346.) See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 711, s. v. Chotnet. See Shotnet. cotoun (230), cotounn (224). Fr. Cotton. coucher. Fr. To set forth, to state. (516.) coumble. Fr. An accumulation. (288.) coumble (730), counble (728). Fr. Heaped up. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 714. GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 307 counceil(516), counceille (514, 516, 517). Council. See Counsaille. coungee. Fr. Leave. (228, 229, 271.) counsaille (516), counseille (319, 464), counsel (462), counselle (318). Fr. Council. See Coun- ceil. counte. Fr. A count, or plea, in law. (665). counter. Fr. To count, or declare, inlaw. (182.) counteroullez. Fr. plur. Counter- enrolled. (190.) See Encountre- roule. countour. Fr. (605.) A metal counter ; probably, a jetton of brass, or mixed metal, formerly known as an ' Abbey counter ' or ' Nuremberg token.' Countour (199, 222, 313, 332, 522, 523, 566), Countoure (460). Fr. A Compter, or Counter. Certain prisons were so called, which were immediately under the supervi sion of the Sheriffs of London. See Computatorium. Countour. Fr. A Countor (46, 47, 570, 571, 572). See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 714. couper. Fr. A cooper. (737.) coursable. Fr. Common, of public resort. (283.) court. Fr. (587.) The heart. Pro bably for ' com-.' Court Christiene. Fr. A Court Christian. (314.) See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 796, s. vv. Curia Christianitatis. couverfeu. Fr. A curfew, or cur few-bell. (275.) See Coverfeu, and Curfeu. coverfeu (387), coverfew (699), co- vrefeu (276.) Fr. A curfew, or curfew-bell. For some informa tion as to the curfew-bell and the implement known as a ' curfew ' or 'fire1 extinguisher,' see the Antiq. Repert. i. pp. 3, 4 ; also, Brand's Popular Antiquities, n. pp. 220, 225 (ed. Ellis). See Couverfeu, Curfeu, and Ignite- gium. covertire. Fr. To convert. (427.) covine (460, 640, 645), covyn (371), covyne (259, 336, 466, 641, 645), covyngne (400.) Fr. Covin, un derstanding, premeditation, agree ment. For early uses of the English words ' coveyn ' and ' cosine,' see Halliwell, Diet. Arch. p. 275. Covyntre. Coventry, in Warwick shire. (34.) Coytif (638). Cardiff (?). craft. Engl. A trade. (204.) From the A. S. cpaeft, of Uke meaning. creiable. Fr. Credible. (372.) crente. Fr. Fear. (281.) Crepulgate. Cripplegate. (463.) This (in addition to Aldersgate and Billingsgate) is the only City Gate mentioned as existing in the time of Ethelred. See the Instituta Lundonice, in Thorpe's Ancient Laws and Institutes of England, p. 127. See also the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 715, s. v. Crepelgate. U 2 308 LIBER ALBCTS. Crete (711). The name of a wine, imported from the isle of Crete, or Candia, in the Middle Ages; similar probably to Malvezie, and perhaps identical with that known as ' Candie.' " Vernage " and Crete " are mentioned as choice wines in the early Romance of Sir Degrevant (Thornton Romances, Camd. Soc), 1. 1407 ; also in Colyn Blowbolles Testa ment (MS. Rawl. c. 86). " Ver- " nuge, Crete, and Raspays also." — " Clarett and Creette." — Morte Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 55. As to the present wine of Candia, see Redding On Wines (Third ed.), pp. 25, 291, 292. cribre. Fr. (705.) Past participle of the verb ' cribrer,' to boult, or pass through a sieve. crie. Fr. A cry, or proclamation. (49.) crioure. Fr. A crier, one who makes proclamation. (310). crouse. Fr. A cruse, or small drinking-cup. (708.) Early Eng lish forms of this word were 'croise,' ' cruce,' 'cruise,' and perhaps, 'cruck' and 'crouke.' See Cruskyn. cruskyn (708). An English form, equivalent to the old Fr. ' creuse- ' quin,' a little cruse, or drinking- cup. 'Cruskyn, or cruske, coop 'of erthe.' — Prompt. Parv. p. 106 ; for instances of the early use of the word, see Mr. Way's Note to the passage. See Crouse. crute texture. Fr. Raw texture. (225). Probably the same as ' cruture ' and ' cruturenne,' q. v. cruture (227), cruturenne (227). Fr. Probably a kind of worsted, slackly twisted, similar to that formerly known in England as ' crewel,' and perhap's so called from the roughness, or rawness, of its texture ; though, according to Palsgrave (Eclaircissement, 1530), ' crule ' was identical with ' cadas,' or ' saijette,' serge. Ac cording to Roquefort (Gloss. Langue Rom. J. p. 326), 'crus' was a name given in the Middle Ages tounwrought silk. ' Cote ' is mentioned as a name for refuse wool in Stat. 27 Edw. III. s. 8 (Stat. Realm, 1810, i. p. 351); but that may possibly be an error for ' crote,' dirty. As to "pannus " crudus," which seems to have been a different thing, see Madox, Firma Burgi, p. 270. See Linoges. cubibes. Fr. Cubebs. (230.) The use of this drug is now solely confined to medicine ; but in "the Middle Ages it seems to have been used as an article of cookery; see the treatise of Walter de Biblesworth (Wright's Vol. Vo cab. p. 174), where it is men tioned as such, under the name of ' quibibes.' The "Piper cubeba" and the " Piper canicum " are still esteemed as a pleasant condiment in Java, their native country. cuntre. Fr. A country. (660.) curfeu (639, 640, 641, 645, 699, 700, 706, 707, 708, 718), cuvfieu GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 309 (639, 640). Fr. A curfew, or curfew-bell. See Coverfeu, curtasie (266), curtesie (705). Fr. Curtesy money : a gift presented at certain periods of time ; in these instances, towards the close of the week. cust. Fr. Cost. (226.) custous. Fr. Costly. (282.) custumer. Fr. Accustomed to. (281.) cutelle. Fr. A knife, or dagger. (475.) See Cotel. cynk. Fr. Five. (598.) cytee. Fr. A city. (459.) dacre. Fr. (237, 246.) The 'dacre,' ' dicker,' or ' dykere,' was ten of a commodity. In the present instances, a ' dicker ' of leather seems to have been one-sixth of a last. Dane'gelde. Danegeld. (128.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 797, s. v. Denegeldum. darrees (266), darres (371, 723). Fr. Articles, goods, commodi ties ; an early form probably of the present Fr. 'denrees.' The fact mentioned in p. 266 is de serving of notice that, so early as the close of the 13th century, thir teen articles went to the bakers dozen. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 716, s. v. Darees. dars. Fr. plur. (689.) Probably, dace ; and perhaps not the sea- fish mentioned as ' darce ' in Liber Custum. p. 279. See the Glossary to that volume, p. 716. dates (224), datez (230). Fr. plur. Dates ; the fruit so called. dauber (258, 289, 334, 338, 533, 728, 730, 735), daubier (252), dawber (728). Engl. A dauber. See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 716, s. v. Daubours. depar. Fr. On part of. (46.) de suffisantie. Fr. Efficiently, with sufficiency. (463.) deal (274). See Seal. deceyt. Fr. Deceit. (373.) deceyvre. Fr. To deceive. (368.) decopier. Fr. To cut, or hew, down. (111.) dedeinz (387, 418, 458, 462), de- dincz (219, 220, 286), dedinz (271, 275, 293), dedynces (211), de- dyncz (274). Fr. In, within. defence. Fr. Fence, a state of prohibition. (507.) deffaire. Fr. To defeat. (570.) defoulez. Fr. (458.) Past par ticiple plural of the verb ' defou- 'ler,' apparently meaning "to " confront." degouter. Fr. To throw, to dis charge. (690.) degrees. Fr. plur. Flights of stairs. (685.) See Grees. deigner. Fr. To deign, to think proper. (46.) deincz (291), deins (732), deinz (282, 417, 522, 525, 526, 590, 592, 689, 695, 723). Fr. In, within. deinsein (693, 715, 716, 717), dein- szein (587, 668, 716, 725), dein- zein (401, 465, 466, 589, 668, 695, 715, 716, 726), deinzeyn (465), deinzsein (665, 667, 669, 310 LIBER ALBUS. 697, 716), denszein (448), denzein (202, 292). Fr. A denizen, a freeman dwelling in a city. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 717, s. v. Denzein. delicious. Fr. Delicate. (282.) deligence. Fr. Diligence. (367.) demeine. Fr. (353.) See Panis Dominicus. demoer (523), demore (288). Fr. Stay, souj urn. demourer (470), demourrere (460). Fr. To remain, to be. See De murrer. demurrer (268, 283, 287). Fr. To remain, to dwell, to abide. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 717, s. v. Demoerer. See De mourer. demurre. Fr. Sojourn, stay. (273.) denee. Fr. Denial. (472.) deneire. Fr. A penny. (238.) Deneis. Fr. (229.) It seems dif ficult to say with exactness what persons are here meant. The Danes may possibly be alluded to ; but not improbably the ' Di- ' nanters,' or people of Dinant, in the province of Namur, are in tended ; as, according to Dr. Lap- penberg, at an early period Di nant had an important trade with this country, and in the present instance would seem to have traded in conjunction with the Colognese,who occupied theirhall. Not improbably, also, together with the Colognese, at the close of the 13th century, they joined the Hanseatic League. The "Hall " of the Deneis," here alluded to, as occupied by the Colognese, is mentioned in the Charter of Richard I., (Plaeita de Quo Warranto, p. 468), of Edward I., Liber Custum. pp. 66-68, and in Liber Albus, p. 241. See Ginge- bred, Gyngebraz, and Guyhalda Colonensium. deneyer. Fr. To refuse, to deny. (707.) depardela. Fr. From beyond sea, (726.) depescier. Fr. To cut asunder, to break open. (111.) deques. Fr. Up to. (247.) derener (109), dereyner (408), de- resnier (109). Fr. To prove. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 716, s. v. Darreiner, and p. 798, s. v. Disrationare. See Are soner. Dertforde. Dartford, in Kent. (373.) descarkere. Fr. To discharge, to unload. (418, 419.) desceit (433), desceyt (371). Fr. Deception, deceit. See Disceit. desceyvre. To deceive. (370.) deschaucez. Fr. plur. Unshod, without shoes. (370.) desconvenable. Fr. Undesirable. (378.) desheritesoun. Fr. Disherison. (519.) deshonure. Fr. Dishonour. (457.) deslaier. Fr. To delay. (217, 291.) desoreenavaunt. Fr. From hence forth, hereafter. (272.) desouthe (225, 271, 289, 378, 379, 418), dessouthe (280), dessoutz (336). Fr. Under, beneath, further. GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 311 despit. Fr. Resistance, contumacy. ¦ (264.) desporte. Fr. Favour, leniency. (284.) desresonablement. Fr. Unreason ably. (281.) destourbe. Fr. Disturbance. (462.) destourber. Fr. To disturb, to hinder, to withstand. (306, 308.) destrees. Fr. Decrease, diminu tion. (306.) destrendre. Fr. To distrain. (423.) destres (188), destresce (290), des- tresse (188). Fr. A distress, or seizure. destruyre. Fr. To destroy. (399.) desuys. Fr. Before. (296.) detrosser. Fr. To untruss, to un pack. (726.) devaunt la mayn. Fr. Before hand. (698.) devisere. Fr. To distinguish. (370.) devye. Fr. (283.) The third . person singular, pres. subj. ofthe verb ' deiver,' to ought to be, to be about to be. dewete. Fr. A debt. (209, 213.) The word ' dwte ' was used in early English in a like significa tion ; see Prompt. Parv. p. 135, " Dwte, Debitum." See Duete. Die. Fr. God. (371.) dilegealment (370, 373), diligeau- ment (372). Fr. Diligently. dilleoqes (459, 460), dilloques (459) Fr. From thence. Dimange. Fr. Sunday. (384.) See Dymange. disceit. Fr. Deceit. (494.) See Desceit, Fr. Displeasing, dis- (457.) Indulgence. (474.) Fr. Fractious. discent. Fr. Descent. (496.) discucus. Fr. (421.) Settled, discussed ; apparently the past participle of a verb ' discucer.' disoitisme. Fr. The eighteenth. (109.) displeisance. pleasure. disport. Fr. distourbaunt. (494.) distreyndre. Fr. To distrain, or seize as a distress. (180.) Donestaple (97), Donstaple (97). Dunstable, in Bedfordshire. dore. Fr. 234. A dory. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 799, s. v. Doracus. dosse. Fr. A dozen. (466.) dosser. Fr. A dorser, or basket borne on the back. (235.) See Dossarium. douber. Fr. (378.) To dub ; i.e. to place good wares in the upper part of a basket, and inferior be neath ; a term still in use in Bil lingsgate Market. See Dubbeour. Douegate (72, 87, 241, 463). Dow gate. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 719. doun (308), dounn (284). Fr. A gift. dounkes. Fr. Then. (109.) dragges, Fr. plur. Drugs. (588.) This word was employed in the same sense in early English. * his apotecaries, ' To send him dragges ' Chaucer, Cant. Tales, 1. 428. drap de ray. Fr. Cloth of ray ; striped, or rayed, cloth. (676, 312 LIBER ALBUS. 724, 725.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum; p. 757, s. v. Reie. See Ray. dreiturel. Fr. Rightful. (245.) droiturilment. Fr. Rightfully. (408.) drotures (309), droturez. (310). Fr. plur. Rights. See Droy ture. droyture. Fr. Right. (306.) See Drotures. dubbeour (83), dubbour (103). Fr. A dubber, or furbisher up, of old clothes ; employed as a surname in page 83. See also, the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 757, s. v. Redubber. See Douber, and Dub ber. dubber. Fr. To dub, or furbish up ; as in the case of old clothes. (718.) See Dubbeour. duete (211), duite (204). Fr. A debt. Hence our word 'duty.' See Dewete. duresce. Fr. Severity, hardship. (281.) duwe. Fr. Due. (318.) Dymange (728), Dymenge (232, 273, 517). Fr. Sunday. See Dimange. dys. Fr. Ten. (44, 524, 525, 608.) ease. Fr. Comfort, ease. (523.) eawe (263, 268, 273), ewe (271, 460). Fr. Water. edefiement. Fr. An edifice, a building. (477, 580.) effette. Fr. Effect. (373.) egret. Fr. and Engl. (467.) A kind of heron. See Ordinances and Regulations of the Royal Household (1790), p. 220: and Harrison's Description of Eng land, p. 223. eintz. Fr. Within. (279.) einz. Fr. But rather, on the con trary. (368.) eioir. Fr. To enjoy. (268.) See Enjoiere, and Joyer. eiraunz (296), eyrauntz (296). Fr. plur. Errant, itinerant. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 720, s. v. Eirauntz. See Ileire. Eldefistrate (378). Old Fish Street, near St. Paul's Cathedral; where, in the Middle Ages, one of the principal fish-markets of Londcn was held. See Oldefisshestrete, and Westfistrete. emboscher. Fr. To lie in ambush, to lie concealed. (371.) embraceour. Fr. (522.) An em bracer ; one guilty of suborning jurymen, an offence formerly known as ' embracery.' See . Tomlins' Law Diet. s. vv. Em- braceor and Embracery. emperler. Fr. To imparl ; to gain time, on part of the defendant, for further consideration what course he shall adopt. (214.) empeschement. Fr. Hindrance. (421, 422.) empescher. Fr. To impeach. (400.) See Enpescher. empeyrer. Fr. To hurt, to injure, to impair. (311.) emport. Fr. A drawback. (373.) emprentice (383), enprentice (383). Fr. An apprentice. GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 313 en awere. Fr. In doubt, in sus pense. (212, 291.) Awere, or "dowte," Prompt. Parv. p. 18. " Dyswere, or dowte," p. 123. '' But as I stood thus in awher," and, " For dread of her I was in " were." — De Guilevile's Pilgr. of Man. MS. Tiber. A.vn. "My " wit is in a were wheither ye " shall fynde that solingere." — Chester Plays, I. 180. Though a French form, the expression is probably based on the A. S. paspian, 'to be in doubt of;' and to it we owe our words ' unaware ' and ' unawares.' en muscettes, muscettez, mussetes. See Muscettes. encarier. Fr. To carry away, to cart off. (579.) enchacer. Fr. To discharge, to drive out, to send away. (286, 332.) encountre-roule. Fr. A counter- roll or check-roll. (291.) Hence our word ' control.' See Coun- teroullez. encoure (401), encourgere (315). Fr. To incur. encrecer. Fr. To increase. (318.) encupez. Fr. One inculpated or accused. (Ill, 112.) endocement (210), endossement (211). Fr. An endorsement. Enefelde (411), Enfelde (410). Enfield, in Middlesex. enforger. Fr. To enforce, to compel. (522.) enformaceon. Fr. Information. (372.) enfreindre (212), enfreyndro (212, 259). Fr. To infringe, to break. engetement. Fr. Ejectment. (293.) engetter. Fr. To expel, to eject. (293.) engyn (395), engyne (507). Fr. An engine, a contrivance. See Male engine. enhancer (511),' cjnhauncer (506, 510,511,518). Fr. To heighten. As to the meaning and early use of this and other kindred words, see Prompt. Parv. pp. 230, 231, and Mr. Way's Note. enheriteez (182), enheritez (182, 189). Fr. Holding lands. Ap parently the past participle of the verb ' enheriter.' enjoiere. Fr. To enjoy. (420, 427.) See Eioir, and Joyer. enloigner. Fr. To eloign, to re move. (282, 382.) See Es- loigner. enlumyner. Fr. To light. (714.) enpescher. Fr. To impeach. (205, 459.) See Empescher. enprisonement (274), enprysone- ment (274). Fr. Imprisonment. enquere. Fr. To enquire. (510.) enquest doffice. Fr. Inquest of office. (200.) An enquiry made by the King's officer, his sheriff, coroner, or escheator, by virtue of his office or by writ sent to him for the purpose ; or else by com missioners specially appointed; concerning any matter that en titles the King to the possession of lands or tenements, goods or chattels. 314 LIBER ALBUS. enraser. Fr. To rase, to destroy. (334.) enrouller. Fr. To enrol. (272.) ensens. Fr. Frankincense. (224.) See Fraunkensens. entagler. Fr. Tp involve, em barrass, entangle. (367.) entencioun (373), entencoun (50). Fr. Intention. entendre. Fr. To attend. (508.) eopt. Fr. Eight. (463.) Pro bably, a Walloon form of the word. Erehithe (515). Erith, in Kent. ernes. Fr. Earnest. (262.) es. Fr. And. (45.) escantilon (731), escauntiloun (278), escauntilounn (288). Fr. Pattern, standard, dimensions. " Scantlon of a clothe," meaning ' pattern.' — Palsgrave's Eclair- cissement (1530). The word ' scantiloun ' was also used in English to signify a carpenter's measure. — Rom. of the Rose 1. 7114, and Cursor Mundi, MS. Trin. Coll. Cantab, fol. 14. See Halliwell's Diet. Arch. p. 709. See Scantilo. Escawenge. Fr. Scavage. (230. See Scawage. escerkermerye. Fr. Fencing. (639.) See Eskermerye. eschele. Fr. A ladder. (334.) eschetour. Fr. An escheator. (49.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 722. eschuyre. Fr. To avoid. (453.) escolle. Fr. A school. (274.) escout (261). A scout, or schuyt ; a vessel from the Low Countries. Dutch ' eel-scouts ' are still to be seen in the Thames. According to Halliwell, Diet. Arch. p. 737, a small boat, nearly flat-bottomed, used for passing over the drains, is still known in Lincolnshire as a ' shout.' Bargemen also seem to have been known as ' shoute- 1 men,' according to Archmol. xxiv. 303, 304; and seven ' shout- ' ers,' with their ' shoute,' are mentioned in a document temp. Edw. n., quoted in Antiq. Re- pert, n. p. 407. See Scut. escoute et cry. Fr. Hue and cry. (263.) See the Glossary to Li ber Custum. p. 809, s. v. ffute- sium. escower. Fr. To scour. (719.) escuter. Fr. To hear, to listen to. (201, 522.) eskermerye (640, 643, 644), es- kirime (274). Fr. Fencing. Hence the word ' scrimer,' used in old English as meaning a fencer. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 723, s. v. Eskermir. See Escerkermerye. Eskevyn. Fr. (423, 424.) An Echevin ; one of the ' Scabini,' exercising judicial authority in the cities of France and Flanders, similar to that of the Mayor and Sheriffs in England. See Sca- binus. eslir (221), eslire(44), eslyre (463). Fr. To elect. esloigner. Fr. To eloign, to re move. (216, 220.) See Enloigner. esparnier (361, 367), esparnir (316), Fr. To spare. GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 315 espe (644), espeie (49). Fr. A sword. especefier. Fr. To specify. (466.) e'specerie confltee. Fr. Confec- tures of spicery. (230.) espicer (99), espicier (107). Fr. A spicer, or grocer ; the name of a calling employed as a surname. See Spicer. espicery. Fr. (588.) Spicery ; in contradistinction to grocery or heavier goods. By the Assisa de Pond, et Mensur. (Stat. Realm, 1810, i. pp. 204, 205), probably of the time of Edward I., the pound of spices or confections is to be 20 shillings in weight, in other words 12 ounces ; but of all other things 25 shillings, or 15 ounces. Here, at a later period, we see the pound of 15 ounces employed alike for spicery and grocery, or coarser goods. See Groserie, and Spicerie. esporner Fr. (242.) A spurrier ; the name of a trade employed as a surname. esprot (688), esprotz (345), esproz (384). Fr. plur. Sprats. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 827, s. v. Sprottus. See Sprottes. esquireus (225), esquireux (231). Fr. plur. Squirrels ; or rather, in the present instances, ellipti- cally, the skins of squirrels. essoigne (181, 389, 408), essone (181, 182, 571, 665), essoyn (471), essoyne (663, 665). Fr. An es soin. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 723, s. v. Essoyne. essoneour. Fr. An essoiner. (470, 471.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 697, s. v. Assoignour, and p. 722, s. v. Ensoignour. essonier. Fr. To essoin. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 723, s. v. Essoyne. Est Watergate (579). The East Watergate, near the Tower of London. See Liber Custum. p. 446. establissant (424), establissantz (425), establissanz (426).. Fr. Persons nominating ; the present participle plural of the verb ' es- ' tablier.' estaches (505, 506, 509), estakes (510). Fr. Stakes driven into the bed of a river for the purpose of intercepting the pasage of the fish. Hence this name was given to such localities ; of which Cowey Stakes, on the Thames, near Chertsey, is perhaps an ex ample ; unless, indeed, Camden is correct in his surmise that the river here was staked by Cassi- vellaunus, to intercept the pas sage of Cassar and his troops ; an opinion, however, which has been controverted by Daines Barring ton, Salmon, and Lysons, who regard these stakes as merely the remains of an ancient wear for catching fish. See Brayley and Britton's History of Surrey, ii. pp. 342-345 estaille (271), estalle (336). Fr. A stall. estallage. Fr. Stallage. (232.) See Stallage. 316 LIBER ALBUS. estanke. Fr. A stank, or dam (505, 506, 507, 509) ; the Latin ' stag- ' num.' For early uses of this word in the English language, see Halliwell, Diet. Arch. p. 798, s. v. Stank. estantarde. Fr. Standard. (574.) estaple. Fr. A staple, or public mart appointed by law. (676.) estaun. Fr. Probably, a stand, or place for standing. (288.) estee. Fr. Summer. (334.) estein (225, 231), esteyn (574). Fr. Tin.. ester a droit. Fr. (110.) To stand one's trial. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 724. esterlinge (419), esterlyng (574). Fr. plur. Sterlings, easterlings. See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 828, s. v. Sterlingus. Estouves. Fr. (277.) The Stews, or Stoves, in Southwark; houses of ill fame there situate ; for an account of which, see Stow's Sur vey (p. 151, ed. Thorns). estraundage. Fr. Strandage. (237.) See Strandage. estraungees (260), estraungeez (260). Fr. plur. Strangers. estrene. Fr. (266.) Hansel-money, ernest, or vantage; a present given on some day in especial, new year's day, particularly; the ' stre- ' na ' of the ancient Romans, and the origin of our Christmas-boxes and new year's gifts. See Hamp- son's Med. JEvi Kalendar. I. pp. 131, 132 ; also, Prompt. Parv. i. pp. 14, 142, aud p. 226, s. v. Hansale, with Mr. Way's valu able Note. estreiture. Fr. A straitening, or narrowing. (518.) See Estroi- tour. estrete. Fr. Estreat. (506, 514.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 801, s. v. Extracta. See Extrete. estrettement. Fr. Strictly. (525.) estreim (579), estreyin (335). Fr. Straw. See Streyin, and Streym. estroitour. Fr. A narrowing. (510.) See Estreiture. Euerwyke. York. (517.) evechepinge (719), evechepyng (718), evechepynge (533, 735), evechepyngge (718). Engl. An evening market. See Liber Cus tum. pp. 426, 427. examinement. Fr. Examination. (522.) Exigende, Exigent, Brief de. Fr. Writ of Exigent. (190.) A writ that lay where the defendant in a personal action could not be found, nor any property of his within the County be attached or dis trained ; directed to the Sheriff, to summon him on five County Court days, charging him to appear, upon pain of outlawry. It was called ' exigent,' as ' exacting ' the party, i.e. requiring his appear ance, or forthcoming, to answer the law. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 801, s. v. Exigenda. extendre. Fr. To extend, to value. (215.) GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 317 extent (217), extonte (520). Fr. An extent, or valuation of real property. extrete (514), extretez, plur. (312, 318). Fr. Estreat. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 801, s. v. Extracta. See Estrete. eyde. Fr. Aid, assistance. (206 220, 229, 281, 284.) eyder. Fr. To aid. (641.) faget. Engl. plur. Faggots. (731.) fair. Fr. To make, to deal with. (422.) See Fayre. faisure. Fr. A making, or forma tion. (476.) "Fait assavoir" (546). "Be it " known," that the "King ordained " at Westminster, etc.; " the title of an Ordinance of 27 Edward I., as to Writs of enquiry on amortiz ing lands, etc. See Stat. Realm (1810), Vol. i. fardel. Engl. A package. (549.) " Who would fardels bear ? " Hamlet, A. ni. sc. i. faucement. Fr. Falsely. (369.) faucementz. Fr. Falsely. (378.) An adverb with a plural termina tion, as applying to more persons than one. fauceyn. Fr. Falsity. (370.) See Famine, Fausine, and Fauxcyine. faucine (367, 369), faucyne (369, 370). Fr. Falsity, knavery. See Fauceyn, Fausine, and Faux cyine. faucite. Fr. Falsehood. (371.) fausine. Fr. Knavery. (369). See Fauceyn, Faucine, and Faux cyine. fauxcyine. Fr. Knavery, trickery. (494.) See Fauceyn, Faucine, and Fausine. fauxement. Fr. Falsely. (522.) fayre. Fr. To make. (180.) See Fair. feamez. Fr. plur. Women. (180.) fee. Fr. Tenancy, homage. (289.) fee (230, 231), fees (231). Fr. A fixed charge, or rate. fein (579), feyn (721, 722). Fr. Hay.. feir (675), feire (261). Fr. A fair. ferein. Fr. A foreigner, one not a freeman. (400.) See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 727, s. v. Forein. ferme. Fr. Ferm, farm, or yearly rent. (229, 271, 523, 567.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 802, s. v. Firma^ fermer. Fr. A fermor, or farmer, one who holds at a yearly rent. (220, 317.) One holding a con tract for the receiving of customs or taxes, on payment of a ferm or yearly rent. (473.) ferrure (733), ferure (734). Fr. Shoeing, the putting on of a horse's shoe. ferthing (574). ferthinge (266). Engl. A farthing. From the A. S. peopling, a fourth part. " Ferthyn or ferthynge, Quad- "rans." — Prompt. Parv. p. 158. In p. 574 a farthing of gold, one fourth of a noble, is meant. fesour (367), fesur (728). Fr. An actor, an agent. fesselette. Fr. A fesselet, or small bunch. (233.) 318 LIBER ALBUS. fest. Fr. A feast. (229.) Inthe present instance, that of St. Michael, or Michaelmas, no doubt, is meant. fesure. Fr. A making. (727.) few (313, 334, 337), fewe (334). Fr. Fire. few. Fr. (292.) The third person singular perfect indicative of the verb ' estre,' To be. fewaile. Fr. Fuel. (337.) feyn. See Fein. fier. Fr. Iron. (261.) fige. Fr. A fig. (224,230.) filace. Fr. 188. A file made of thread or silk cord, with a tag; the word being derived from the Latin ' filum,' of that meaning. Hence the word ' filazer ' or ' filacer,' the name formerly of an officer of the Court of Common Pleas, who filed the writs whereon he made pro cess. See further as to this word, Notes and Queries, 2nd Ser., xi. pp. 349 and 439. filee de leyne. Fr. Woollen yarn. (246.) fimes. Fr. plur. Dung. (581, 585, 586.) See Fymes. fins. Fr. plur. Dung. (579.) Pro bably an error for ' fiens.' fispounde (246). Engl. See Fyssheponde. fleccher. Fr. A fletcher, or maker of arrows. (533, 735.) flechable (271), flecthable (336). Fr. Flexible. flesshshameles. Engl. Flesh-sham bles. (465). See Nicholas. Flete. The river Flete, or Fleet, in the City of London. (232, 233, 579.) As to the early use of this word, signifying a channel for water, see Prompt. Parv. p. 166 ; also,, the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 726. In p. 232,i under this name Flete Street is meant. Fletebrigge (86). Fleet Bridge, connecting Fleet Street with the foot of Ludgate Hill. 'Flete- ' briggestret,' Fleet Bridge Street, was the early name of Fleet Street ; see the Miracula Symo- nis de Montfort (Camd. Soc), p. 108, temp. Henry III., for ex ample. Fletestret. Fleet Street. (25.) flour (265), floure (265). Fr. Flour ; so called as being the ' flower ' of meal. foith (359, 400), foithe (183, 185, 267,359), foitz (111, 112, 265, 336, 370, 371, 394, 458, 459, 462, 494, 525, 526, 699, 701, 704, 705, 723), foiz (508, 723). Fr. Time, times. See Foyth. fole. Fr. Lewd, unprincipled. (259.) Foliemannemote (104), Folkesmot (36, 113, 118, 119, 129), Folkes- mote (8). The Folkmote. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 726, s. v. Folkesmot. for. Fr. Except. (381.) forbarrer. Fr. To bar, (475, 664.) forcermaker. Engl. (737.) A maker of forcers, i. e. small cas kets, cabinets, or chests. As to the origin of the word 'forcer,' see Way's Note to Prompt. Parv. i. p. 170; also, Halliwell's Diet. Arch. p. 370, s. v. Forcer. GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 319 forces. Fr. A pair of forceps, or shears, used for clipping the nap of cloth. (724.) See Way's Note to Prompt. Parv. i. p. 170. forchepe (384), forechepe (384). Engl. Forecheap ; i.e. extortion, or illegal exaction, by forestall ing, from the A. S. pop, ' before,' and ceapan, 'to buy;' known in Mediaeval Latin as " foris ca- " pium," or " mala tolta," mal-tolt. The earliest mention probably of i* forecheap ' is in the Laws of Ethelred, (Instit. Lundonice, Thorpe's Ancient Laws and In stit. of England, p. 128), where foreign merchants are forbidden " aliquod forceapum facere burh - "mannis," — To commit any ex tortion upon the burgesses. See Forscheper. forfature (421, 433), forffaiture (460, 461). Fr. Forfeiture. See Fors- faiture. forfett. Fr, Forfeited. (266.) forger. Fr. To force. (572.) forscheper. Fr. To practice fore cheap, or extortion. (688.) See - Forchepe. forsfaiture. Fr,' Forfeiture. (465, 466.) See Forfature. forshot. Engl. Foreclosed. (469.) See Forsshard, and Shartfort. forsjurer. Fr. To forswear, to abandon on oath. (269.) forsprys. Fr. Save, except. (235, 29 1 . ) See Hor spry s. forsshard. Engl. Foreclosed. (63.) See Forshot, and Shartfort. forstal (269), forstaUe (380). Engl. Forestalling, forestalment. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 727, s. v. Fordstal. forure. Fr. (225, 280.) Fur, a set of furs. In the former in stance, some particular fur, proba bly, then in common use is meant; but now impossible to be identified. See Furrure. foundere. Fr. To wet, to moisten (262); in the present instance, for the purpose of making malt. foundour. Fr. A founder. (736.) fourbour. Fr. A furbisher. (734.) fourn (265, 272), fourne (46, 259). Fr. An oven, a furnace. Hence, in early English a baker was called a 'furnour.' See Ordi nances and Regulations for the Royal Household (1790), pp. 70, 232. According to Halliwell (Diet. Arch. p. 386), this latter word is still in use in Kent. foyth (262), foythe (188, 207, 262, 265, 266, 267, 269, 276, 277, 278, 286), foytz (459). Fr. Time, times. " Ascune foythe " (293), Sometimes. See Foith. franc plegge. Fr. (259, 722.) Frankpledge. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 727, s. v. Fraunkeplegge. Fraunceis (353), Fraunceys (340). Fr. French. freelle. Fr. A frail, or wicker basket, or receptacle (229) ; in this instance used for the packing of woad, and evidently, from the heavy duty levied on it, of very large dimensions. In the Romance of Coer de Lion, 1.1549, mention is made of " Fyggys, raysyns in 320 LIBER ALBUS. " frayel." " Frayle of frute " is mentioned in Prompt. Parv. p. 175, where see Way's Note as to the origin of the word. "A fraile " of green rushes," Cotgrave's Diet. s. v. Jonchee. ' Fraels ' of figs, almonds, and raisins, are men tioned in Mag. Rot. Henr. III. 5. a. ; and the word ' frayel ' oc curs in Piers Ploughman, p. 252 ; see HalliweU's Diet. Arch. p. 377. A fuller account of the importa tion of woad into London by the frail, is to be found in the Liber de Antiq. Legibus (Camd. Soc), p. 30. See Fraellatus. Frere Menours (716), Freres Me- nours (433, 465), Frers Minours (261). Fr. plur. The Friars Minors; meaning the Convent of the Friars Minors, or Franciscans, situate near Newgate ; on the Pavement before which a corn- market was held. Frere Prechours. Fr. plur. (647.) The Friars Preachers ; mean ing the Convent of the Friars Preachers, Dominicans, or Black Friars ; in the locality still known by the latter name. See Fratres Prcedicatores. fres (234, 380, 689, 690), frez (687, 690). Fr. Fresh. Fressheforce (195, 197, 198, 519). Fresshforce (173). An English term formerly applied, not only (as in the above instances) to as size of Novel Disseisin, but to as size of Mort d'Ancestor, Intru sion, etc. Also, where a person was disseised of tenements within a city or borough, he might, by the usage and custom thereof, bring his assize, or bill of Freshforce, within 40 days after the ' force ' committed, and recover the lands. See Fitzherbert's New Natura Brevium, See Novel Disseisine, and Frisca-forcia. freyde. Fr. Cold. (266.) frie. Fr. Fry. (508.) friser. Engl. A frizer ; or maker of frieze cloth, of coarse texture, with a thick nap on one side. (723, 735.) froyt. Fr. Fruit. (667.) See Fruyt. frustreter. Fr. To frustrate, to withhold^ to withdraw. (306.) fruyt. Fr. Fruit. (236.) See Froyt. furmage. Fr. Cheese. (237, 247, 667.) furneux. Fr. A furnace. (259, 336.) furre. Fr. (264.) A past parti ciple, signifying either " coated "with," or "filled with— bran;" probably the latter. See Fur- ratus. furrure. Fr. Fur trimmings, a set of furs. (279, 718, 719.) See Forure. fustain (225), fustiane (231). Fr. Fustian. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 728, s. v. Fus- tayn. futif. Fr. Fugitive, likely to ab scond. (220.) fymes (584), fyms (335). Fr. plur. Filth, dung. See Fimes. fyn. Fr. The end. (295, 372, 425, 520, 566.) GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 321 fyn (228, 360, 387, 388, 389, 391, 401, 417, 509, 587), fyne (361, 523, 667, 701). Fr. A fine. Fynkislane. Finke's Lane, now Finch Lane, Cornhill. (236.) fynnes. Fr. plur. Fins. (236.) fyssheponde. Engl. (237.) The meaning of this word is doubtful ; but it not improbably is identical with the 'fisc-welle' ofthe Anglo- Saxons (A. S. Vocab. in Wright's Vol. Vocab. p. 66) and the ' visch- ' beun ' ofthe modern Dutch ; the well in fishing-vessels, in which the fish are kept ; somewhat like the ' bordigala,' or ' burdiculum,' mentioned in Du Cange, Glossar. (ed. Henschel). See further on this subject, Notes and Queries, 2nd Series, yiii. pp. 115, 259. See Fispounde, and Harpoys. Fysshwharfe (690). Fish Wharf; near the end of Bread Street Hill, in the vicinity of St. Paul's Cathe dral. See Liber Custum. pp. 385- 406, 453. .Gaivelett. Engl. (186.) See Gave- lett. galoche. Fr. (736.) The galoche, or galache, was a kind of patten, or shoe with wooden soles, fastened to the foot by cross latchets, and worn by men, in the 14th cen tury. Allusion is made to it by Chaucer, Squire's Tale, 1. 10,869. See also the Prompt. Parv., p. 184, and Mr. Way's Note ; who remarks that in the Inventory of the effects of Henry V., taken be fore A. D. 1423, mention is made VOL. III. of " one pair of galaches, made of " straw; " but is at a loss to under stand how straw could be a pro per material for the purpose. The fact, however, is, that straw shoes are worn in Germany to this day. See the Times newspaper of 12th December 1859, where mention is made of this usage. galyhalpens. Engl. plur. (575.) Galley-halfpence ; a small coin of silver. It is said (Stow's Survey) that they were brought by Ge noese merchants, whose galleys landed wines and other merchan dize at Galley Quay in Thames Street. It seems not improbable, however, that they were so called from the figure of a galley im pressed upon them. The circu lation of this coin was forbidden in the 13th of Henry IV. and by Stat. 3 Henry V. c. i. garceoun. Fr. A labourer, lad or man. (533.) See Garson. Garde. Fr. A Ward, of the City. (277, 647.) Gardemote. A Wardmote, or meet ing of the inhabitants of a Ward. (265, 276, 457.) A French adap tation of an A. S. word. garden (275), gardeyn (280, 291). Fr. A warden, a keeper. gardynere. Engl. A gardener. (554.) garner (238), garnere- (246). Fr. The meaning of this word is doubtful ; it may possibly signify a set of ship's stores ; or perhaps a separate hold, granary, or gar ner, for storing corn. X 322 LIBER ALBUS. garnier. Fr. To warn, to give notice to. (187, 208.) garnysement. Fr. Warning, notice. (297.) Garre, la (100). This, to all appear ance, is equivalent to the word ' Barre,' and has the same mean ing. See Barre, la. garson (318, 729, 730), garsoun (47). Fr. A journeyman, serving-man, or groom. " Garcio, a knafe." — Pict. Vocab. 15th Cent. (Wright's Vol. Vocab. p. 275). Both the words ' knave ' and ' groom ' have been said to give their origin to this word, but query as to this. The idea is- still extant in our word ' post-boy,' a name given to a serving-man, who not unfre- quently has passed middle age. See Garceoun. garthman. Engl. (507.) A ' garth ' or ' fishgarth ' was a place formed at the side of a river, that the fish might be the more easily taken ; the ' garthman ' being the person who farmed it. The word " ' garth' is supposed to be derived " from the Scottish gart, signify- " ing ' inforced,' or ' compelled,' " the fish being forced by the " wear to pass in at a loop, where " they are taken." — Tomlins'Zaw Diet. s. v. Garthman. gaunter. Fr. (105.) A glover; the name of an occupation em ployed as a surname. Gavelett (184), Gavelette (455). The name (from the A. S. gar.ol, rent ' or 'tribute ') of a Writ an ciently used in the Court of Hustings in the City of London; where the parties, tenant and de mandant, appeared by Scire facias, to show cause why the one should not have his tenement again on payment of his rent, or the other recover his lands, on default there of. See Gaivelett, Gaivelettum, and Gavelettum. gayn. Fr. Profit, gain. (381,703.) gayner. Fr. To gain. (591.) gayte (647), gaytes, plur. (315). Fr. Wateh and ward, watches. See Geit, Geytes, and Wayte. geit (284), geite (284), geitee (284). Fr. Watch. See Gayte, Geytes, and Wayte. gelyne. Fr. A hen. C712.) genetre (225), genettz, plur. (230). Fr. Marten-skins ; probably the same kind of fur that was for merly known in England as 'jen- ' nets.' See Halliwell, Diet. Arch. p. 483. gentil. Fr. (453.) As applied to dogs, this word may either mean such as belong to gentlefolk, or else such as are of tame and gentle disposition; pet dogs of the then known description. So in the Northumberland Household Book (Antiq. Repert. iv. p. 143), "vi. gentle hors — iv. palfreis," i.e. quiet horses. Gerchirche (247). A corruption of * Graschirche,' q. v. Gernemue. Yarmouth, in Norfolk. (236.) See Gernemuta, and Jer- nemuta. GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 323 Gerunde. The district now known as the ' Gironde,' in the East of France. (632.) gete (585), getee (584), gettee (288), getiz, plur. (271). Fr. A jetee, jettie, or jutty ; a part of a build ing projecting from the body of a house. See Prompt. Parv. i. p. 192 (and Mr. Way's Note), where it is said to apply to the ' solere, or upper storey, of a house ; also, Parker's Glossary of Architec ture, i. p. 275, s. v. Jettie. See Geticium. getter. Fr. To throw. (335.) See Gouter. geytes. Fr. Waits, watchmen, or individuals forming the City watch. ( 280. ) In Neckam De Utensilibus (Wright's VoL Vocab. p. 106 ) they are called 'veytes,' and in the Prompt. Parv. ' wayte ' is rendered " speculator " foris " and " explorator foris," a ' watchman,' or ' looker - out.' There seems reason for believing that the original ' waits ' were minstrels or musicians, who pa raded the sheets, and sounded the watch on certain wind instru ments, which from them derived their name ; see Notes and Que ries, 2nd Series, vn. pp. 341, 480, .where the original meaning of this word is largely discussed. The " City Waits " were main tained at the expense of the Cor poration, down to a comparatively late perriod ; and it seems not improbable that they were the immediate predecessors of the City trumpeters of more recent date. See Gayte, Geit, and Wayte. gilofre. Fr. plur. Cloves. (230.) gingebred. Engl. Gingerbread.(224.) It is curious to find this article named as one of our important imports in the 13th century. Not improbably, it was extensively imported from the Low Countries, which are still celebrated for its manufacture, Dinant and Louvain more especially. See Gyngebraz. glace (230), glasce(224). Fr. Glass. It is probably coloured glass that is here alluded to ; which was extensively imported into this country in the Middle Ages ; see Parker's Glossary of Gothic Architecture, I. p. 231, s. v. Glazing; also, Introduction to Liber Albus, p. xxxiii. godehnynges. plur. (231.) In a similar passage in Liber Horn, a Note is added, from which it would appear that a * godelmynge,' (or ' godanesine,' as it is there cor rected) was cordwain made from the skin of a young animal. The name apparently is derived from Godalming, in Surrey, where the trade of tanning is still carried on. Goderounelane (102). Guthrum's Lane, now corrupted to " Gutter " Lane," in Cheapside. Fine silver was called "silver of Guthurun's "Lane," from the fact of the principal goldsmiths and silver smiths of London residing there in the 13th and 14th centuries. x 2 324 LIBER ALBUS. Gofregd Portrefan (13). In the passage in Liber Custumarum here referred to, fol. 187, the reading is " Gofregth Portere- " fan ;" while that of the so-called original Charter, still preserved at the Guildhaiyis " Gosfregth Poi- " tirefan." — But why should Car penter, the Common Clerk of the City, refer here to the copy in Liber Custumarum, if the origi nal was then known to be in existence ? goldbeter (738), goldbetere (436). Engl. A goldbeater, the designa tion of a trade employed as a surname. gors (505, 506, 508, 509, 510), gortz, plur. Fr. (513.) A gorce, or fish-wear. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 730. goter. Fr. (584.) A gutter ; in early English called ' gote ' or ' goote ;' see Prompt Parv. i. p. 205, and Way's Note, in reference to early and still existing forms of the word. See Guttere. gouter. Fr. To throw, to discharge. (273.) See Getter. Granthamlane. (558.) Grantham Lane ran from Thames Street, in the City, to the river. See Liber Custum. p. 449. Graschirche. Gracechurch. , (247, 261.)' See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 729, s. v. Garschirche, See Gerchirche, and Greschirche. Graunt Cape. The Grand Cape. (181, 185.) A Writ (now abo lished) that lay before appearance, to summon the tenant to answer the default ; and also, over to the demandant. In the Old Natura Brevium it is defined to be, — where a .man hath brought uPracipe quod reddat of a thing touching plea of land, and the tenant makes ' de fault at the day given to him in the original writ, then this Writ shall go for the King to take the land into his hands ; and if the tenant come not at the day given him thereby, he loses his land. See Petit Cape. Graunt Destresse. Fr. The Grand Distress. (202.) A Writ so called from the great extent thereof ; it extending to all the goods and chattels of the party distrained within the County. It lay either when the defendant or tenant had been attached and had made de fault ; or when the tenant had once appeared, and afterwards made default ; in which case this Writ was had by common law, in lieu of a Petit Cape. Graunt Lei. Fr. The Great Law. (110.) For a further explanation of this mode of trial, see Liber Albus, p. 57. See Lei, Legem facer e, and Lex. Graveshende. Gravesend, in Kent. (579.) So called, it is said, from" the fact that in early times it was the Eastern limit of the jurisdic tion of the gerefa, reve, or chief officer, of the City of London. grees. Fr. plur. (477, 585.) Steps. ' Grees,' or ' greese,' was a term used in early English for a set of stairs or steps. See the authori- GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 325' ties quoted by Halliwell, Diet. Arch. p. 416. See Degrees. greine (223, 230). greyne (224). Fr. Grain. Grendone (552). Garindon, now Quorndon, an abbey in Leicester- • shire ; which institution had an hermitage, or cell, here alluded to, in Monkwell Street, Cripple gate. It was known as the " Church of St. James in the " Wall," and is said to have been founded by Henry in., though not improbably a century earlier. The chapel and its appurtenances were granted by Henry VIII. and Edward YT. to William Lambe (the builder of Lamb's Conduit) ; who bequeathed it to, and at his death endowed it for the benefit of, the Clothworkers' Company. For further information on this subject the reader may consult the Antiq. Repert. I. pp. 366, 367. Greneford. Greenford, near Han well, in Middlesex. (614). grenour. Fr. Greater, larger. (424.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 730, s. v. Gregnour. Greschirche. Gracechurch. (349, 356.) See Graschirche. greve. Fr. Heavy, grievous. (261, 262, 268.) grevous. Fr. Heavy, grievous. (278.) grief. Fr. Heavy, grievous. (266.) grisoevere. Fr. Grey-work. (231.) See Grys oevere. groos. Fr. Gross, the whole, wholesale. (226,261,274/295, 460.) groos. Fr. plur. Groats, of three pence English in value. (574.) groserie. Fr. (588.) Grocery, heavy goods sold by the grocer ; as to the original meaning of which word, see the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 730, s. v. Gros- sour. See Espicery. grys oevere (279), grysovere (225). Fr. Grey-work ; an inferior kind of fur, extensively imported into England from Germany in the Middle Ages. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. pp. 730, 806, s. vv. Grisevere, and Griseum. See Grisoevere. Guldeford (625). Guilford, in Sur rey. guttere. Fr. A gutter. (288.) See Goter. Guyhalle (44, 181, 265, 268, 315, 383, 525, 666). Guildhall; a French adaptation of an English word. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 729, s. v. Gihale. Gyldeday. Engl. A Guild day, or day for holding the Guild. (666.) gyngebraz. Fr. (230.) Perhaps for ' gyngebraet,' meaning ginger bread : which may possibly have been imported by the Deneis, or people of Dinant, in Namur, where it is still extensively made. See Deneis, and Gingebred. gyve. Fr. A package. (726.) haberdassherie (231), haberdasshrie (230). Fr. See Hapertas. haberjon. Fr. A habergeon ; a breastplate of leather or of mail. (437.) 326 LIBER ALBUS. Halimot (380), Halimotz, plur. (379), Halymote (686). A Hall mote, or meeting in the Hall of a trade. "Thedevelmay sitte soffce, "Ant holden bis lialymotes offce," occurs in some verses temp. Edward I., (Wright's Polit. Songs, Camd. Soc. p. 154) ; which the Editor explains, in p. 374, as meaning ' holy meetings,' and translates ' Sabbaths ; ' but without sufficient authority, to all appearance. In Liber Horn f. 218 b., there is a Note to the effect that the Hallmote was so called as being a 'sound' or 'whole meeting, from the fact of the whole of the trade being then bound to appeal". See Hali- motum. Haliwelle (104). Holywell. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 802, s. vv. Fons Sacer. hampsokne. A. S. (111.) Literally, Home protection, i.e. the pro tection from assault afforded by a man's house. In the present in stance, it is used in its enlarged and legal signification, — a viola tion of that protection by forcible entry into a man's house. For a full description of this offence, see the Laws of Henry I., lxxx. 10, 11 (Thorpe's Anc. Laws and Instit. of England, p. 256). hanocyne. Fr. A cockle. (275.) hanon. Fr. A cockle. (673.) hanap (276), hanape (702). Engl. A goblet, or drinking cup ; the same as the hnasp of Archbishop iElfric's Vocab. and the Anglo- Saxon Vocabularies (Wright's Vol. Vocab. pp. 24, 82, 290). It has been suggested that this word ' hanap ' is from the German ' hand' and 'napf,' signifying a handled vessel; whereas it appears much more probable that it is simply a corruption of the A. S. hnsep. The word ' hanaper ' too has been explained as 'hand- * pannier; ' whereas it seems much more likely that it was originally a basket, or hamper, in which the hanaps were carried from table and perhaps kept. On this subject, see Du Cange, Glossar. s. v. Hanapus ; also, Pictorial Hist. Engl. i. p. 866; and Way's Note to Prompt. Parv. i. p. 826. hapertas (225). A cloth of a pecu- - har texture, probably coarse and thick. It seems not improbable that this cloth was identical with the 'halberject,' or 'hauberjet,'the uniform breadth of which is enacted1 by c. 34 of the Magna Charta of King John, c. 23 of the first Magna Charta of Henry III., c. 31 of the second Magna Charta of Henry TH., and c. 25 of the first Magna Charta of Edward I. The word 'halber- ' jeet,' it has been suggested, is from the German 'al,' 'all,' or 'haltz' or 'hals,' 'the neck,' and 'bergen,' 'to cover;' and, as a material, it was used for the habits of monks ; see Thomson's Hist. Essay on Magna Charta of King John, p. 217, Mention is made GLOSSARY OP ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 327 of 3043 ells " de halbergo albo," " of white halberject," for the king's use, in the Mag. Rot. 14 Joh* 5. a. m. 1. In the word ' hapertas' there can be little doubt that we have the] origin of our present word 'haberdasher ;' the more especially as the present word is represented by the word ' haberdassherie ' in an almost exactly similar passage, of nearly contemporay date, in page 231. See Haberdassherie. hareber (242). Probably, a harbourer, herbergeour, or - lodging-house keeper ; the name of an occupa tion employed as a surname. Hareflew (616), Hareflut. (630). Harfleur, in France. harepoys (246), harpoys (237). Dutch. The mixture formerly known in England as ' arpeys ;' composed of tallow, wax, and pitch, or tar. See the Archaolo- gia, Vol. xxx. p. 404, and Halli- well's Diet. Arch. p. 86. This, no doubt, is the same as the " cera " picata " or '•' cire commixta cum " pice''ofNeckamZ?e Utensilibus (Wright's Vol. Vocab. p. 114). The application of melted wax and resin to the exterior of ships was practised by the Romans ; see Pliny's Hist. Nat. xxxv. cc. 31, 41 (pp. 244, 282, Vol. Yt. Bohn's Translation.) A some what similar preparation, to all appearance, is applied to the ex terior of Dutch and Flemish vessels at the present day. For a further discussion as to the meaning of the present passage, the reader may consult Notes and Queries, 2nd Series, Yin. pp. 115, 259. See Fyssheponde. Harewe (612). Harrow, in Middle sex. hasardour (259, 642), haserdour (337). Fr. A player at games of hazard, a gamester. " Hie aliator, "Anglice, hasardore." — Engl. Vo cab. ofthe 15th Century, Wright's Vol. Vocab. p. 194. "Hasarde, " play, Aleatura. Hasardoure, " Aleator." — Prompt. Parv. i. p. 228. haste. Fr. Anger. (384.) haubergere. Fr. (436.) A maker of hauberks, or coats of mail ; the designation of an occupation em ployed as a surname. haunter. Fr. To frequent. (426, 693, 697.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 732. haute none. Fr. High noon. (274.) Probably from mid-day, or per haps one o'clock, to four, the hour of Vespers. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 746, s. v. None. hautpas. Fr. (557.) A hautpas, or halpace ; a room built on a raised floor and extending into the street. hayour (306, 528), hayoure (308, 316, 317). Fr. Hate, hatred. heire. Fr. The eyre, iter, or circuit, of the Justiciars Itinerant. (297.) See Eiraunz. Henaude. Fr. A Hainaulter, or native ofthe province of Hainault. (642.) 328 LIBER ALBUS. Hengham (546). See Parva Heng- ham. heoure. Fr. An hour, time. (470, 474, 476.) See Hoeur, Houre, and Hure. herbergage. Fr. A lodging-house. (523.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 733. herbergeour (388, 667, 721), her berger (283), herberjour (268, 282, 586, 721, 722). Fr. An her bergeour, or keeper of an herber gage, or lodging-house. See Way's Note to Prompt. Parv. I. p. 236, and Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 733, s. v. Herbergage. herberger. Fr. To lodge or harbour, to warehouse. (223, 224, 287.) herbergerie. Fr. A lodging-house. (720.) heritantz. Fr. plur. Inhabitants. (463.) herone. Fr. A heron. (466.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 732, s. v. Heiroun. heu. Fr. (281.) Hue; a shout, or cry, raised in pursuit. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 809, s. v. Hutesium. See Huwe, and Utesium. heumer. Fr. A maker of helms, or helmets. (733.) Hiller (507), Hillere (508), Seynt. Fr. The Feast of Saint Hilary, 13th of January. hocscip (343, 374). A high ship, or ship with tall bulwarks. Pro bably a Dutch word, and the same, no doubt, as the vessel with ' scal- ' tres,' or ' shelters.' See Scatters, and Okschip. hoeur (495), hoeure (45, 46). Fr. An hour, time. See Heoure, and Houre. Hokeday. Engl. (234.) Hockday, the second Tuesday after Easter ; when certain rude sports called ' hocking,' were practised. See Brand's Popular Antiq. I. pp, 184-191 (ed. Ellis); and Hamp- son's Medii £Hvi Kalendarium, I. pp. 203, 204, and n. p. 198. See Hokkyng. hokestere (337). A huckster ; a French form of an English word. See Huckestre. hokkyng. Engl. (681.) The sports practised on Hockday, the second Tuesday after Easter ; in which, jokes were practised by either sex, of a rough and. practical nature, whence in all probability our modern word ' hoax.' See Hampson's Medii ASvi Kalenda rium, n. p. 198 ; and Brand's Popular. Antiq. i. pp. 184-191 (ed. Ellis). Holbourne (554), Holburne (232, 233), Holeburn (232). Holborn, without Newgate. So called from the 'hui (A.S.1 for hill) bourne' the brook that ran at the foot of the hill ; and was crossed by Hol bourne Bridge, mentioned in p. 554. Holebeche. Holbeach, in Lincoln shire. (105.) horloc (376), hortok (375). Engl. Oarlocks, or rowlocks. See Orlok. Horsebrigge (697), Horsobrigg (242). Horse-shoe Bridge ; which crossed the stream of Walbrook GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 329 in the close vicinity of the church of St. John the Baptist, de stroyed in the Great Fire of London. horsprys. Fr. Save only, except. (273.) Hence the old law term, " to foreprize ;" i.e. to warn, ex clude, or except ; especially used in leases and conveyances. Hospitale Seint Johan (247). The Hospital of Saint John of Jeru salem, at Clerkenwell. hoste. Fr. A guest. (361, 388, 701, 721, 722.) hosteler (721), hostiler (268, 361, 388), hostiller (259, 268, 282, 388, 587, 721, 722). Fr. - A hos teler, or keeper of a hostel or inn. See Osteler. hostelle (268), hostiel (421), hostielle (262, 383, 389). Fr. A house, hostel, or inn. It has been well remarked by Roquefort (Gloss. Langue Rom. p. 760), that until the 14th century the word ' hos- ' tel ' was an appellation for houses in general ; but that since then it has been Umited, in France, wholly to places of resort for travellers, and the mansions of the most opulent. See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 734, s. v. Hostiel. hostelrie (722), hostelrye (.722). Fr. A hostelry, or inn. houche. Fr. A hutch, or box. (261.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 734; also, Prompt, Parv. i. pp. 242, 255, and Way's Notes. See Hucche. houre. Fr. An hour, time. (265, 270, 274, 276, 279, 291, 292, 296.) See Heoure, Hoeur, and Hure. househir (220), househire (204). Engl. House-rent. Hoylande. Hoyland, or Holland, in Lincolnshire. (419.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 734, s. v. Hoilonde. hucche. Fr. A hutch, or box. (266.) See Houche. huckestre (361), hukestere (314, 316), hukster (46, 527, 532, 690, 698, 701, 702, 705), hukstere (259, 360). Engl. A huckster, or female hawker ; one who sells commo dities from house to house. As to the probable origin of this word, see Prompt. Parv. i. p. 252, Way's Note. See Hokestere. huis. Fr. Use. (704.) hurdis (477, 685), hurdys(477, 585). Fr. A palisade. Hence the word ' hoard,' now confined perhaps to London and the vicinity, as meaning a palisade of boards erected around a house while building. In Prompt. Parv. ' hur- ' dyce ' is given as signifying the same as ' hustylment,' or utensil. See also HalliweU's Diet. Arch. p. 470. See Hurdicium. hure. Fr. An hour, time. (201, 288, 380.) See Houre. hurer. Engl. A hurrer, or maker of hures, or rough hairy caps. (727.) The word 'hure' is used in the Lancashire and Cheshire dialects, as signifying the hair, at the present day. See the Introduction to Liber Albus, 330 LIBER ALBUS. p. xc, and Way's Notes to Prompt. Parv. i. pp. 61, 249, 252 ; also, Herbert's Hist. Twelve Livery . Companies, ii. 533. In Wright's Political Songs (Camd. Soc.) p. 166, " there sit an old. cheri in a " blake hure," is explained as meaning a 'black gown,' but query as to the correctness of this. See Hurarius. husebaunde (112), husebonde(112). Engl. A husband, a married man. hustilemens (719), hustillementz (667). Fr. plur. Utensils. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 773, *. v. Ustilemenz. huwe. Fr. (313.) Hue ; a cry raised in pursuit. See Heu, and Utesium. illeoqes (273), illeosqes (433), il- loesqes (433). Fr. There. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 735, s. v. Illoek. Infangthef. A. S. (145, 159, 167, 414, 661, 679.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 735, s. v. Infangenethef. Ireis, le. (86.) Fr. Apparently this means, for want of a more formal surname, " The Irishman." isser. Fr. To go forth from. (377.) issues. Fr. plur* (202.) Issues ; profits from lands and tenements, (in this case) held in sequestra tion, ja le pluis tarde. Fr. Still later. (228.) jademeyns. Fr. Nevertheless. (389, . 473,474,475.) jalemeyns. Fr. Nevertheless. (268, 283, 664, 669.) jalon (267), jaloun (266, 267). Fr. A gallon. j amber. Fr. A jambiere ; leather armour for protection of the legs. (437.) jammes. Fr. Ever. (285,427.) Jeresgive (133, 155), Jeresgyve (130, 149, 165). See the Glossary to Liber Custum. pp. 777, s. v. Yeresgive. See Yeresgeve. jeut. Fr. There lay. (109.) Third person singular perfect indie. of the verb ' giter,' or 'jiter,' to lie. jewise. (459.) Fr. See Juwise. joyer. Fr. To enjoy. (287.) See , Eioir, and Enjoiere. joynour. Fr. A joiner. (737.) Judeu. Fr. A Jew. (233.) justice, la. Fr. Though of the feminine' gender, this word here (110) signifies a justice, or jus ticiar. So in the Laws of Henry I. (Thorpe's Ancient Laws and Instit. of England, p. 235) men tion is made of " Rex vel Justitia " ejus," " The King or his Justi ciar." justisable. Fr. Responsible, ame nable. (268.) justizablees. Fr. plur. Amenable to justice. (282.) See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 736, s. v. Justizable. juwise (458, 459),juwyse (336,458, 465),juyse (665). Fr. Judicial punishment, or sentence. Under the forms 'jewise' and 'juise,'this word was adopted, with a similar GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 331 signification, in early English, See extracts from Gower's works as quoted by Halliwell,, Diet. Arch. p. 484. See Jewise. . Juylle. Fr. July. (373.) juyse, See Juwise. kaie (476), kaye (476, 580, 711.) Fr. A quay. See Key, and Koy. kark (224), karke (224, 230, 238). Engl. The weights of the various ' karkes' are given at considerable length in pp. 223,-4 ; being the sameas the ' charge ' of p. 225. The weight of the ' charms,' ' charre,' 'karke,' or ' carke,' is given also in the Assisa de Pond, et Mensur. (probably of like date, the reign of Edward I.), Stat. Realm 1810, i. pp. 204,-5 ; but seems to differ from the present rates; the "great "charre inLondon"being 120 stone of 12^ pounds, and elsewhere 2100 pounds. We learn, on the same authority, that according to tron weight, the 'charre' was of 2016 lbs., and that the " charre of the " Peak" (as applied to lead, and mentioned as a karre in Phillips's World of Words) was less than the great 'charre' of London. Hearne, in his Glossary to Lang- toft's Chronicle, remarks that the old Engl. ' karke,' meaning charge or care, is similar to the word 'karke,' as meaning a load of goods; but it seems not impro- ¦ bable that while the former is from the A. S. cape, ' Care,' the latter is a corruption of the A. N. ' charge,' ' a load,' In the Mag. Rot. 2 Henr. III. Rot. 5. a., men tion is made of a carcha of almonds. See Madox, Firma Rurgi, p. 170, and Aa-ohdeacon Hale's Domesday of St. Paul's, Introd. p. lxxxi. karre. Fr. (238,246.) Probably the ' charrus,' or load, of 175 stone of 12 pounds each ; possibly, a Squared (carre) pig of lead may have been so called. See Kark. Kelenworthe (545). Kenilworth, in Warwickshire. For the " Dicta de " Kelenworthe," The Award of Kenilworth, here mentioned, see the Statutes of the Realm (1810), Vol.i. keu (265, 704), kew (316), kiew (715, 717). Fr. A cook. key. Fr. A quay. (382.) See Kaie, and Koy. kiew. See Keu.^ koove. Fr. A barrel, open vessel; or vat. (334.) See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 796, s. v. Cuva. See Pausa. koy. Fr. A quay ; " the Koy Jor dan" (380), or Jordan's Quay, may possibly have had its name from the William Jordan, temp. Edward I., mentioned in p. 94 of Liber Custumarum. Its locality is probably unknown, but the close vicinity of the Tower of London seems not unlikely. See Kayum Jordani. kydel (505, 506, 509, 510, 514, 577). Engl. A kind of wear for taking fish ; in p. 577 a net is meant. See the Glossary to Liber Cus- 332 LIBER ALBUS. turn. pp. 736, 810, 811, s. vv. Kidelle, Kidellus, and Kydellus. Kylburne (611). Kilburn, in Mid dlesex ; so called, according to Norden, from the cold (ceald) bourn, or spring, there. As to the Priory there situate, here al luded to, which was a cell for nuns to the Abbey of Westmin ster, see Newcourt's Repertorium, i. pp. 681, 682. laeure. Fr. Width or breadth. (585, 725.) See Laieure, and Laour. Lagehalimotz (379). Engl. See Lawehalymoz, and Laghelmotum. laieure. Fr. A breadth. (458.) See Laeure, and Laour. lak (224), Take (230). Engl. A ' kind of fine linen, of which shirts were made. According to Halli well (Diet. Arch. p. 502) it is mentioned in a laundress's list of articles in MS.Cantabr. F. f. 1, 6, fol. 141, and in fol. 11 its re markable whiteness is alluded to. " Margaret de Knaresburgh de- " vises in 1 397 pannum de " lak." — Way's Notes to Prompt. Parv. i. p. 249. " Cloth of lake " is also mentioned by Chaucer, in his Ryme of Sir Thopas. Lambehirst (297), Lambhirst (298). Lamberhurst, in Kent. lampron (689), lamproon (691). A lampern. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 811,'*. v. Lam- preda. See Laumpron. landfisshe. Engl. Fish brought by land. (376.) landlorde (221), lanlorde (221). Engl. A landlord, a lessor of land. See Lanlordus. lanee. Fr. Woolled, with the wool on. (274.) Langebourne (463), Langeburn§ (34), Langbourn Ward, in the City. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 737, s. v. Langeburne. laour. Fr. Breadth. See Laeure, and Laieure. lapprys. F. (265.) The taking:— for " la prys." last. Engl. A measure bf capa city. (237, 238.) See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 811, s. v. Lastum. latein (674), latone (602, 604). A compound metal. "Auricalcum, " latyn," — Diction. Joh. de Gar- lande (Wright's Vol. Vocab. p. 123). " Auricalcum, Anglice " latone,"— Engl. Vocab. 15th Cent. p. 195; to which Mr. Wright adds in a Note, " ' Laten ' or " ' latten,' from the Fr. laiton, " was a compound of copper, " very much resembling brass, " extensively used in the Middle " Ages, but the exact composi- " tion of which seems now not to " be known." Latten was much used in the formation of monu mental brasses, and was probably extensively imported from Ger many, being also known as " Cul- " len (Cologne) plate." Gower speaks of it as distinct from brass: ' ' see Wray's Note to Prompt. ' ' Parv. i. p. 289. An account of the ! ! composition 'orichalcum' (which, ! ' GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 333 he says, is wrongly written * au- ' richalcum ') is • to be found in the Opus Minus of Roger Bacon (edited for this Series by Mr. Brewer), p. 385 ; though his ex act meaning seems to be doubtful in the extreme. In Devonshire, the word ' latten ' means plate- tin : see Halliwell, Diet. Arch. p. 507. latoner. Engl. A lattener, or maker of vessels of latten. (738.) latte (232). A lath ; or perhaps, in this instance, a plank larger than what is now understood as a lath. Indeed, in the Nominate of the 15th Century (p. 235 Wright's Vol. Vocab.), the Latin word ' asser,' which means a plank, is rendered ' a latt.' The word i3 from the A. S. lastta, or latta (MIMe's Vocab., p. 26 of the same volume). According to Wilbraham's Cheshire Glossary (Vol. xix. of the Archceologia), the word ' lat ' is still used in Lancashire and Cheshire to sig nify a lath. See Latys. latys. Fr. plur. Laths. (333.) laumpron. Fr. A lampern. (577.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 811, s. v. Lampreda. See Lampron. launge. Fr. Long. (288, 725.) See Lienge, and Lung. Lawehalymoz. Engl. (379.) Law- Hallmotes ; i.e. meetings in the hall for reading the laws of the trade. See Lagehalimotz, and -Laghelmotum. layn (230), layne (245, 274, 712). Fr. Wool. See Leyn, and Lyne. lays. Fr. plur. Laymen. (332.) lazer. Fr. A lazar, or beggar. (591.) le. Fr. Breadth. (279.) leauementz. Fr. Lawfully. (288.) Ledenhalle. Leadenhall. (465, 715.) For the early history of this lo cality, see the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 760, s. vv. Sale de Plom. Ledes (144). Leeds, in Kent. The castle here, which belonged to Bartholomew, Lord Badlesmere, stood a fortnight's siege by Ed ward IL, in the year 1322. The aid given hy the citizens of Lon don on this occasion is here al luded to. See the Croniqjues de London (Camd. Soc), j>p. 42, 43. lei. Fr. A law. (110, 111, 112.) A set of compurgators, or jurors, who on oath were to declare as to their belief in the guilt or in nocence of the accused, was thus called. See Graunt Lei, Ley, Legem facere, and Lex. leinz. Fr. Therein. (276.) Lembourk, Limburg, or Limbourg, a province of Holland. (614.) See Lamburga. lendemaigne. Fr. On the morrow, the next day. (275.) Lenne. Lynn, in Norfolk. (539.) leprous. Fr. A leprous person, a leper. (273, 590.) leue. Fr. (471.) Past participle of the verb ' lire,' or ' leire,' to 334 LIBER ALBUS. read : misprinted ' leve.' See Lewez. lever. Fr. To wash. (288.) leveyne. Fr. Leven. (705.) levir. Fr. To levy, to raise. (427.) lew. Fr. Place, (370.) lewez. Fr. (268.) Past participle plural of the verb ' lire,' to read. See Leue. ley. Fr. A law (203, 204) ; i.e. a jury, or set of compurgators. See Lei, Legem facer e, and Lex. ley. Fr. Election, choice, (227.) ley marchaunt. Fr. Law-Mer chant. (390.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 812, s. vv. Lex Mercatoria. leyn (226), leyne (225, 226, 230, 246, 574, 724). Fr, Wool. See Layn, and Lyne. licorys. Fr. Liquorice. (230.) See Lycorys. lienge. Fr. Long. (273.) See Launge, and Lung. lienge teille (225, 725), linge teille (230, 726). Fr. Linen cloth. See Linea tela. liew. Fr. A place. (182.) Linoges (225). Limoges, in France, capital of the Department of Haute Vienne. This place is still celebrated for its manufactures of broad-cloth, kerseys, drug gets, flannels, and other woollen goods. In the 12th century it was famous for its manufacture of carpets : — 1 Puis sen monta en unes loges, ' Et fist un tapi de Limoges ' Devant lui a la tere estendre.' Erec et Eride, MS. La Valliere, No. 78, fol. 139; quoted by M. Michel, Recherches sur les Etoffes de Soie, etc. ii. p. 405. lise. Fr. It may be lawful, or permitted. (47.) Third person singular present subj. of the verb ' loire,' ' lere,' or ' leshV liver (230), liveree (225). A pound. Londoneston (103). London stone, in Candlewick, now Cannon, Street. From his residence near to it, Henry Fitz-Alwyne, the first Mayor of London, is usually called " of London Stone ; " see p. 1 of the Liber de Antiq. Legi- bus (Camd. Soc.) for example. London Stone was removed from its original site in Cannon Street to its present locality, in the wall of St. Swithin's Church, towards the close of last century. loos. Fr. Reputation, good name. (371.) This word, as meaning ' fame ' or ' repute,' was adopted into early English. " Fame, or " loos of name," — Prompt. Parv. I. p. 148 ; see, also, Way's Note to p. 313, who justly dissents from Home Tooke's suggestion that it is from the A. S, hhran, 'to 'celebrate,' but rather considers it as taken from the Fr. ' los ' (or ' loos ') ; though the French word is always used , in a good sense, whereas the English word signi fies either praise or dispraise, celebrity or notoriety. As mean ing praise, it occurs in the Chro nicle of Robert of Gloucester ; in both a good and bad sense it is to be met with in Chaucer ; GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 335 also, as meaning a ' bad name,' in Prompt. Parv. p. 313. loour. Fr. Their. (514.) loquendes. Fr. plur. (668.) Points for discussion. See Loquendm. lorimer. Engl. (736.) A dealer in lorimery, the iron work for horses' trappings and harness. See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 739, s. v. Lormerie. lormerie. Fr. (231.) In the present instance, this word seems to have exactly the same signifi cation as ' lymere,' q. v. Lowe (507). Probably, the river Lone, or Lune, in Lancashire, is meant. It rises in Westmoreland, and from it Kirby Lonsdale has its name. lower. Fr. To let on hire, to hire. (46,680,697,703.) SeeAllower. lower. Fr. Pay, hire, reward. (570.) Adopted in early English in a similar sense, — " Gif us now our "lower." — Arthour and Merlin, p. 15. loyens. Fr. Far. (509.) Lucie, Seinte. Fr. Saint Luke. (418.) Lud (14). See Luddesden. Luddesden (14). This fabulous story, as to the origin of the name of Lon don, seems to be borrowed from the British History of Geoffrey of Monmouth, who says that King Lud, son of Heli, rebuilt the walls of Trinovantum (New Troy) ; for which reason it was afterwards called ' Kaerlud ; ' corrupted into ' ' Caerlondon,' whence 'London.' Lumbardez. Fr. plur. Lombards, natives of Lombardy. (372.) lung (719), lunge (384). Fr. Long, tall. See Launge, and Lienge. Lussheburghe (575). A counterfeit coin, resembling the English penny or sterling, was thus called. These coins had their name, there is little doubt, from the fact of their being coined at Luxem- burgh ; the word lycemboe., LVSENBOE., or LYSEBVEGENSIS, forming part of their legend in many instances. These spurious monies are mentioned in Piers Plowman (1. 10,322), and by Chaucer. See further on this subject Way's Note to Prompt. Parv. pp. 317, 318. luy. Fr. (424.) For the definite article ' le.' See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 739, s. v. Lui. luymeSmes. Fr. Himself. (203.) lycorys. Fr. Liquorice. (224.) See Licorys. lyme. Engl. Lime. (278.) Lymehostes, le (683). Limehouse, on the east of London ; ' hoste ' being an early English word, sig nifying 'house.' lymere. Fr. (225.) This seems to correspond with the material called 'lormerie' in page 231. Not improbably it was a texture used for the covering of saddles ; and it would seem to be identical with the material called ' lymour,' mentioned as being used for making pillows and 'crowps,'in the Wardrobe Account of Richard 336 LIBER ALBUS. III., 1483. See Antiq. Repert. i. p. 47. See Lormerie. Lymestrete ( 463). Lime Street Ward, in the City. Stowe says that the name is from the former making or selling of lime there; but a Saxon word hm, ' dirty,' has been suggested as the origin of the name, from the swampiness of the locality, occasioned by the brook, known as 'Langebourne,' running through it. lymiter (645), lymyter (48). Fr. To limit, to appoint. lymnour. Engl. A limner. (715.) The business of the limner con sisted in transcribing books, and adorning them with vignettes and illuminated capital letters. See Illuminator. lyn. Fr. Flax. (238,459.) lyndraper. Fr. Alinen-draper.(723.) lyndraps. Fr. Linen cloth. (533.) lyne. Fr. Wool. (592.) See Layn, and Leyn. lyst. Fr. List, or selvage. (725.) lytemoise. Fr. Litmus; a blue pigment prepared from the Roc- cella tinctoria. (238.) lyverie. Fr. Delivery. (208.) mader. Fr. Madder. (615.) maes. Fr. But. (524.) See Mas, Mays, and Meas. maffaisour (641), maffesour (642). Fr. A malefactor, misdoer. See Maiffaisour, Malefeisour, and Maufaisour. mahaym (281), maheim (643). Fr. The maiming or mutilation of a limb necessary for defence in fight. See Mahemium. maiffaisour. Fr. A malefactor, mis- doer. (639.) See Maffaisour, Malefeisour, Maufaisour, and Meffaisour. maigne. Fr. A household, an es tablishment. (49.) See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 743, s. v. Mesneng. See Meigne. maillee. Fr. (233.) Apparently, a halfpenny-worth. See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 740, s. v. Maille. mainpernour. Fr. A mainpernor, surety, or manucaptor. (200, 222, 474.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 740, s. v. Mainprise, and p. 813, s. vv. Manucapere, and Manucaptio. See Maynper- nour, and Meynparnour. '. mainteignire. Fr. To maintain. (426.) See Meinteigner, and Meyntenir. Mair (269, 426, 427, 459, 477, 496, 586, 587, 643), Maire (277). Fr. A Mayor. See Mayr, Meire, Meyre, and Miere. mairalte. Fr. The mayoralty. (306.) makerews. Fr. plur. Mackerel (235.) male. Engl. A male, or bag used for the earriage of clothes. (549.) Hence our more modern word ' mail.' It is worthy of remark that the words ' male ' and ' mail ' were used in the sense of a port manteau so recently as in the writings of Smollett ; see the beginning of Humphrey Clinker. male engine (433), male engyn (395). GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 337 Fr. Evil intent. The word ' engine * was used in early Eng lish as signifying a device or scheme ; see Dialogue of Soul and Body (p. 337 of Appendix to Mapes's Poems, Camd. Soc), 1. 125, and Wright's Lyric Poetry, p. 58.'Mal-engine'is also used in the signification of wicked artifice, in Hall's Henry VI., fol. 31 (as quoted by Halliwell, Diet. Arch. p. 538). See Engyn. malefeisour (313), malfaisour (645). Fr. A' malefactor, a misdoer. See Maffaisour, Maiffaisour, Maufaisour, and Meffaisour. malemaker. Engl. A maker of males. (736.) See Male. Malvezie. Fr. (711.) Malmsey wine ; grown at Napoli di Mal- vasia and Napoli di Romania, in the Morea, but extensively imi tated during the Middle Ages. See Redding On Wines, (third ed.), pp. 25, 291. See Romeney. Malyns(615). Mechlin, or Malines, in the province of Antwerp. maner. Fr. An abode, a dwelling- house. (274.) mangbot (374), mannbot (343). Probably, a boat navigated by but one man. manueste (282), manuestee (276). Fr. Apparently, this word means _ ' offence ' or ' transgression ;' and 'manuester' is given as a verb in Kelham's Norman Dictionary. It seems, however, not impro bable that the true reading of the MS. should be ' mauveste ' and ' mauvestee,' of like signification. VOL. III. manyer. Fr. To knead. (705.) marche (692, 693), marchies, plur., (432). Fr. Market, markets. marchandie (676), marchaundie (587, 588, 667). Fr. Merchan dize. mareschal. Fr. A farrier or shoe ing smith. (733, 734.) Margarete, Seynt. Fr. (689). The church of St. Margaret, Bridge Street, on the site of which the Monument is now built. In the present passage it is erroneously said "to be situate in Old Fish Street ; which .street, in reality, was in Castle Baynard Ward, and in it the church of Saint Mary Magdalen, next mentioned in p. 689, was situate. margwyne (274). This word is used in Liber Horn, to all ap pearance, as the equivalent of ' mascref,' meaning ' a butcher.' Marleberge. Marlborough, in Buck inghamshire. (543.) mary ner. Fr. A waterman, a ma riner. (238.) mas. Fr. But, but only, provided. (196, 276, 279, 294, 295.) See Maes, Mays, and Meas. mascref (232), masecref (274). Fr. A butcher. Hence our word ' massacre.' mask. The mesh of a net. (577.) mason (477), masoun (289, 477). Fr. A mason. masuele. Fr. A club, or maee. (644.) See Massuellus. matire. Fr. A matter. (522,525.) matyn. Fr. Morning. (266.) maucountier. Fr. To miscount, to Y 338 LIBER ALBUS. make an error in declaring, or stating the case. (295.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 743, s. v. Meskenninga. maufaisour. Fr. A malefactor, or misdoer. (643.) See Maffaisour, Maiffaisour, Malefeisour, and Meffaisour. maunche. Fr. A handle. (335). mavays. Fr. A bad person. (276.) mayn. Fr. A hand. (203,272,279, 285, 292, 294, 390, 521, 677, 694, 695, 697, 698.) In p. 203 a juror, or compurgator, is so called, pro bably from the extension of his hand when taking the requisite oath. See Manus. maynpernour. Fr. A mainpernor, surety, or manucaptor. (200.) See Mainpernour, and Meynparnour. manynprys. Fr. Bailed, main- prised, released on surety. (296.) maynpryse. Fr. Mainprise, manu caption, security. (199.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 740, s. v. Mainprise. See Meynprys. mayntenour. Fr. A maintainer. (640.) Mayr (459), Mayre (458). Fr. A Mayor. See Mair, Meire, Meyre, and Miere. mays. Fr. But. (449, 465.) See Maes, Mas, and Meas. meas. Fr. But. (449.) See Maes, Mas, and Mays. measoun. Fr. A house. (205, 221, 226, 261, 264, 270, 271, 313.) See Meson. medler. Fr. To meddle. (465.) medlee. Fr. Mixed, intermingled. (279, 280.) meffeez. Fr. plur. Misdeeds. (277.) meffaisour (639, 641), meffeisour (314), meffesour (275, 276, 280, 315, 388, 639, 642, 643.) Fr. A malefactor, misdoer. See Maffai sour, Maiffaisour, Malefeisour, and Maufaisour. megre. Fr. Thin, lean. (234.) meigne. Fr. A household. (722.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 743, s. v. Mesneng. See Maigne, and Meyne. meigner. Fr. To dwell, to abide. (334.) meiltz. Fr. Best. (216.) See Meltz, Meultz, and Mieutz. meinoverer. Fr. To work, to follow a handicraft. (383, 384.) meinprise. Fr. (369, 389.) Main prise. See Maynpryse, and Meynprys. meinteigner. Fr. To maintain. (368.) See Mainteignire, and Meyntenir. Meire. Fr. A Mayor. (262, 268.) See Mair, Mayr, and Meyre. meism. Fr. The same. (459.) meistre. Fr. A master. (45.) Meleforde. Melford, in Suffolk. (406.) meliour. Fr. Better of the two. (316.) meltz (475, 476), melz (367.) Fr. Better of the two, best. See Meiltz, Meultz, and Mieutz. melvelle. Fr. (236.) A melwel. See Mulvel, and Milwellus. mendiver. Fr. To beg, to act the mendicant. (590, 591.) menever (283), meniver (283.) Fr. The fur known as ' miniver.' As to GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 339 its identity, see the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 834, s. v-. Va- rium. menu especerie. Fr. Small spices. (230.) menu mestier. Fr. A small trade. (231.) A name given to callings connected with the sale of bread, poultry, and the like. mercerie. Fr. Merceries, fine goods. (224, 235, 230.) See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 742. rierche. Fr. A mark. (336, 704.) merchie. Fr. A market. (264.) merchiez. Fr. (267.) Past participle plural of the verb ' merchier,' to mark. mereswyn. The sea-swine, or por poise. (343, 375.) mereisme (731), mereym (729), me- risme (232, 333.) Fr. Timber. See Merym. Merlawe. Marlow, in Buckingham shire. (612.) merling (468), merlyng (234, 240, 468). Merling ; probably, the fish now known as ' whiting.' If so, the meaning given to it must be corrected in Liber Custum. p. 815, s. v. Merlingus. Merse. The river Mersey. (507.) merym (272), merysme (273). Fr. Timber. See Mereisme. mes. Fr. Save only, except. (296, 523.) meschefe. Fr. A mischief. (514.) Mescredy. Fr. Wednesday. (464.) See Mesqerdy. Meskenninga (129, 130, 131, 132, 135, 149, 164), Meskennynga (140). A. S. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 743. See Mis- kenninga. meson (334, 335, 478), mesoun (223, 267, 272, 276, 279, 286, 288, 332, 336, 337, 384, 449, 465, 523). Fr. A house. See Measoun. mesour. Fr. A measure. (336.) mesprisyoun. Fr. Misprision. (474.) Mesqerdy (518), Mesquardy (195, 197). Fr. Wednesday. See Mes credy. mesqes. Fr. Provided that. (388.) message. Fr. A household. (275.) message. Fr. A messenger. (672.) mestre. Fr. A master. (723.) mesurere. Fr. A meter, or mea surer. (410.) meultz. Fr. Best. (462.) See Meiltz, Meltz, and Mieutz. mevable. Fr. Moveable. (585). meyne. Fr. (279.) A hand ; or possibly, an unusual form of the old Fr. ' meisnie,' a house. See the Glossary to Liber. Custum. p. 743, s. v. Mesneng. See Maigne, and Meigne. meyner. Fr. To bring. (381, 730). meynprys (218), meynpryse (201). Mainprise, manucaption, surety. See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 740, s. v. Mainprise. See Maynpryse. meynparnour. Fr. A mainpernor, surety, or manucaptor. (297.) See Mainpernour, and Maynper nour. meynpernaunce. Fr. Mainprise, the condition of being a mainper nor, or surety. (201). meyns (225, 265, 279, 280, 316, 359, t 2 340 LIBER ALBUS. 360, 381, 471, 520, 577, 585, 663, 734), meynes (267). Fr. Less, the least. meyntenance (389), meyntenaunce (317). Fr. Maintenance, sup port. meyntenant. Fr. Forthwith. (271, 387.) meyntenir. Fr. To maintain. (388.) See Mainteignire, and Meinteig- ner. Meyre. Fr. A Mayor. (262.) See Mair, Mayr, Meire, and Miere. mez. Fr. Even though. (475.) mienwe. Fr. (338.) Apparently, the past participle of the verb ' miener,' to carry on. miere. Fr. The sea. (419,420.) Miere. Fr. A Mayor. (262). See Mair, Mayr, Meire, and Meyre. mieutz. Fr. Better. (264). See Meiltz, Meltz, and Meultz. miler (226, 237), miller (247). Fr. A thousand, a thousand-weight.) ministrallx (459), ministralx (459), minstralx (459). Fr. plur. Min strels. See Mynstralx. minstralcie. Fr. Minstrelsy, mu sic. (460.) See Mynstralcye. misericord (475), misericorde (644). Fr. A thin-bladed dagger ; so called from its being used for mercifully despatching a wounded enemy. It was known by the same name in early English, — "Pugio, a mysericord," — Engl. Vocab. of the 15th Century. (Wright's Vol. Vocab. p. 195). Miskenninga (154), Miskennyng (138). Miskenynga (659). See Meskenninga. mister (272), mistier (718, 646). Fr. A trade, or mystery. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 815, s. v. Ministerium. mister (271, 292), mistier (567). Fr. Need, necessity. See Mus tier. moiller (724), moyler (724). Fr. To damp, to shrink by wetting. moim. Fr. (110, 119). An early and unusual form of the pronoun (or adverb) ' meme.' moit (524), moite (524). Fr. A moiety, half. See Moyte. moldyngborde. Engl. A mould ing-board ; the board upon which bread was kneaded and moulded into loaves. (602). moleyn (509), molyn (505, 506, 507, 509). Fr. A mill. moneour. Fr. (90.) Amoneyer, one employed in the King's Mint ; the name of an occupation em ployed as a surname. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 815, s. v. Monetarius. monger (696), mongere (270, 271, 657, 696). Engl. A monger, a seller ; from the A. S. monjepe, of like meaning, which may have originated in the Latin ' mango.' See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 813, s. v. Mango. monoy (574), monoye (574). Fr. money. monstre. Fr. Show, proof. (261.) Montfichet. (127). A castle inthe vicinity of Baynard's Castle, near St. Paul's. It was built by Wil liam de Montfichet, and, upon Richard de Montfichet joining GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 341 the Barons, was destroyed by King John ; afterwards repaired, and finally destroyed A.D. 1276, to make room for the church of the Black Friars. See Moun- fychet. More, le (581). The Moor, of Finsbury ; from which Moor fields has its name. See Mora. Mort dauncestre. Fr. (187, 197.) The Assize of Mort d' Ancestor was a Writ that lay where a man's father, mother, brother, sister, uncle, aunt, or certain other rela tives, died seised of lands, rents, or tenements held in fee, and after their death a stranger abated. It held good as well against the abator as any other in possession of the land. See Fitzherbert's New Natura Rrevium. This Writ is abolished by 3 & 4 William IV. c. 27, s. 36. See Mortis Ante cessors placitum. moultz. Fr. Many. (226.) Mounfychet (535). See Montfi chet. mountance. Fr. An amount-. (422.) Mountenhaut. Mounthaw. (726.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 744, s. v. Montenhaut. mounture. Fr. Array. (282.) Rid ing. (422.) mouster (281), moustier (281). Fr. A church. See Mustier. moyler. See Moiller. moys. Fr. A month. (666.) , moyte. Fr. Half. (668, 687.) See Moit. mucettes, en. Fr. In a secret place. (266, 274.) See Muscettes, mulvel (234, 240), mulvelle (233). Fr. A melwel, green fish, or Scotch cod. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 745, s. v. Mul- velstokfisshe, and p. 816, s. v. Mulvellus. See Melvelle, and Milwellus. Murage. Fr. Murage. (421.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 816, s. v. Muragium. muscettes (279, 261, 433, 466), muscettez (314), mussetes, en (692). Fr. In a secret place. See Mucettes. muskeles. Engl. plur. Mussels. (244.) See Muxlen. mustier. Fr. A church. (643.) See Mouster. mustier. Fr. Need, necessity. (477.) See Mister. muxlen. Mussels. (245.) 'Mucxle' and ' muxle ' are given as the A. S. for a mussel, in A. S. Vocabula ries of the 10th century, in Wright's Vol. Vocab. pp. 65, 281. See Muskeles. mynstralcye. Fr. Minstrelsy. (460.) See Minstralcie. mynstralx. Fr. plur. Minstrels. (458, 459.) See Ministrallx. mylieu. Fr. Middle, midway. (657.) nadgars. Fr. Lately, of late. (390.) namices (382). An error, on part of the transcribers, in Liber Custumarum and Liber Albus for ' Nauntes,' the name of the place whence choice lampreys were im ported. See Introd. to Liber •Albus, p. lxxvii. Note. naymes. Fr. plur. Distresses, or 342 LIBER ALBUS. naams. (188,633.) See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 816, s. v. Namium. See Neyme, and Na- mium. ne. Fr. Our. (424.) necessitate. Fr. Necessity. (180.) Neelle (424), Nele (228, 418). The ' town of Nesle, in Picardy. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 745. nemye. Fr. Not, not at all. C47.) neof. Fr. Nine. (247,465.) neofisme. Fr. Ninth. (515.) neot. Fr. A night. (476.) See Noet. neqedent. Fr. Nevertheless. (271.) nes. Fr. (111.) For "ne les," not them. netture. Fr. Cleanness. (457.) Nevereatham (83). Never-at-home ; a surname, evidently originating in jest. neyme (184). A French form of the A. S. naam, or nam, signify ing a seizure or distress. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 816, s. v. Namium. See Naymes, and Namium. Nicholas Flesshshameles, Seynt. Saint Nicholas Flesh-Shambles. (465.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 817, s. vv. Nicholai Aldreihegate. Nief Cimitere, la. Fr. (229.) The New Churchyard, or Cemetery. Possibly, the locality formerly known as the ' New Churchyard,' on the site of the present Liver pool Street, Bishopsgate, in the City, is meant. nief (229, 246, 27 J, 275), niefs (236). Fr. A ship, or vessel. See Scatters. nient contresteaunt (45), nientcoun- treesteaunt (183), nyentcontre- esteaunt (182). Fr. Notwith standing. nient meyns. Fr. Nevertheless. (722.) nient replenissable (663), nientre- plevizable (188). Fr. Irreple visable ; that neither may nor ought to be replevied, or delivered on sureties. See Noun-replenissh- able. noeptandre. Fr. By night. (382.) From the mediaeval Latin 'noc- ' tanter,' of the like meaning. - noesaunce. Fr. Nuisance. (585.) See Nosance, and Noysaunce. noet. Fr. Night. (266, 273, 276, 280, 282, 332, 388, 453, 523, 578, 645, 647,. 722.) See Neot. nois mugettes. Fr. plur. Nutmegs (230) ; (where read as above, for " nois nuigettes "). In Chaucer the nutmeg is called ' notemuge' ; a compound word, probably derived from the French. noisz (238), noiz (238, 246, 247). Fr. plur. Nuts. Under this name, both walnuts and smaller nuts were probably meant ; as in the Nominate of the 15th Century (Wright's Vol. Vocab. p. 228), the word ' avellana' is given as both a ' walnutte' and ' the nutte.' See Notz. nomement. Fr. Especially, by name. (281, 334.) non. Fi-. A name. (390.) GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 343 none. Fr. Noon. (45, 687, 712.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 746. Northmymmys. North Mimms, in Hertfordshire. (550.) nosance (313), nosaunce (259). Fr. Nuisance, annoyance. See Noe- , saunce, and Noysaunce. nosante. Fr. Evil, hurtful. (314.) Nostre Dame atte Bow. Fr. Our Lady at Bow. (387.) The church of Saint Mary le Bow, in Cheap- side, said to have been so called from having been the first church in London built upon arches. See Stew's Survey. See Rowe. notoirment. Fr. Notoriously. (476.) notz. plur. Nuts. (232.) See Noisz. noun (465, 471, 515), nounn (277, ,281). Fr. Not. noun. Fr. A name (425, 426, 458, 463, 520, 522, 646, 664). See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 746. noun (381, 384)/ noune (271). Fr. Noon. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 746, s. v. None. nounper (245), nounpier (237). Fr. Nonpareil. In a document temp. Henry VIII., marked 'Aldebo- ' ron,' and preserved in the Public Record Ofiice, this word (or rather the word or words which occupied its place in the copy from which j the translation was made) is trans lated, " not bound." See Caboche, and ValatiL noun-replenisshable. Fr. Irre plevisable, (472.) See Nient re- plenissable. nounsuyte. Fr. A nonsuit. (181.) Novel Disseisine (566), Novelle Disseisyne (187, 195) Fr. The Assize of Novel Disseisin was a speedy remedy for the re covery of lands or tenements of which the party was disseised. It was so called because the Jus ticiars in Eyre went their circuits every seven years ; and no assize being allowed before them, which, commencing before the last cir cuit, was called an Ancient Assize, that which was based upon a disseisin since the last circuit was called an Assize of Novel Dis seisin. This Writ of Assize is abolished by 3 & 4 William IY. c. 27. s. 36. See Fressheforee, and Frisca-foreia. noyr. Fr. Black. (725.) noysaunce. Fr. Nuisance, annoy ance. (337.) See Noesaunce, and Nosance. nules. Fr. Any person. (283.) nuli. Fr. Any person. (HO.) nurry. Fr. Bred, brought up. (49.) obligacoun faite en le sengle. Fr An obligation made in the single. (211.) A bond with a single penalty. See Obligatio. obligeez (206), obligez (206). Fr. plur. Persons bound in an obli gation or bond ; now called, not ' obligees,' but ' obligors,' the word having a reflective signification. oeveraigne. Fr. Work. (672.) 344 LIBER ALBUS. oeverauntz. Fr. plur. Workmen. (732.) oeverour. Fr. A workman. (672, 673.) oignoun (418), oinoun (260). Fr. An onion. See Oynon. Oistergate (235), Oystergate ; a Watergate adjoining old London Bridge, the present bridge occu pying its site. See Liber Cus tum. pp. 367, 447, 448, and Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 747, s. v. Oistregate. okschip (374). See Hocscip. Oldefisshestrete (686), Oldefissh strete (689), Oldfisshestrete (689). Old Fish Street, near St. Paul's Cathedral. See Eldefistrate, and Westfistrete. Olerom (536, 547). The Isle of Oleron ; off the coast of Charente Inferieure, in France. The Code of naval laws is alluded to, said to have been made at that island by Richard I., before his expedi tion to the Holy Land. onhour. Fr. Honour. (368.) ordeignement (286, 290), ordeyine- ment (284). Fr. An ordinance. ordynaunce. Fr. An ordinance. (288.) orible. Fr. Horrible. (367, 394.) orlok (235), orlokes (237, 239). Engl. Oarlocks, or locks for the oars, now known as ' rowlocks.' Boats thus navigated seem to have been uniformly of larger size than those rowed with thole pins. See Horloc, and Tholles. orphanynis. Fr. plur. Orphans. (309.) orpiment (230), orpyment (224). Fr. Orpiment, or gold pigment ; sesquisulphuret of arsenic, either a native ore or artificially pre pared. ose. Fr. Bold, daring. (270.) osteler. Fr. A hosteler, or keeper of a hostel or inn. (667.) See Hosteler. Otteforde. Otford, in Kent. (297.) ottroier. Fr. To authorize, to grant. (424.) oure (621). It seems impossible to identify the beast meant under ' this name. It may have been the Urus of the East of Europe ; or possibly the Ihrwy, which has lately been introduced into this country from Morocco. Outfangthef (145, 159, 167, 661). A. S. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 773, s. v. Utfangene- iheof. outlage (259),outlaghe(660). Engl. An outlaw. outrageous. Fr. Outrageous, be yond measure, excessive. (510.) ovekes (111), ovesqes (44,400,427 459, 496, 517). Fr. With. overaigne (494), overaygne (477) Fr. Workmanship, work. overir. Fr. To work. (672.) overour. Fr. A workman, a la bourer. (728.) ovesqes. See Ovekes. owel (389, 704, 705), owele (308, 317). Fr. Equal, like. oyl. Fr. Garlic. (667.) See Ayle. oynon (667), oynoun (238). Fr. An onion. See Oignoun. GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 345 oynt. Fr. Lard, grease. (237, 245, 279, 713.) oystrebot. Engl. An oyster-boat. (343, 376.) oytisme. Fr. The eighth. (368.) pael (261), paiel (675, 719). Fr. A pan, a frying-pan ; the same as the modern French 'poele.' 'Ahenum,' a cauldron or brazen vessel, is given as the equivalent of ' paele ' in Neckam De TJten- silibus (Wright's Vol. Vocab. p. 97) ; and in the same page, ' sartago,' a frying-pan, is rendered " graunt paele." Hence, too, the word ' peel,' the name of an im plement used by bakers. See Payele. paisaunt. Fr. A peasant, a coun tryman. (260, 263.) palys. Fr. A set of palings or palissades, (477, 585.) panelx. Fr. plur. Panels of jurors. (198.) See Panellum. panes. Fr. plur. Furs, skins. (230.) See Conins panes. panier (234, 378), panyer (378, 381, 549, 687). Fr. A basket or pannier ; properly, a basket for holding bread (payn). See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 818, s. v. Panerius ; also, ' the Introduction to Liber Albus, p. lxviii. See Panerium. papir (188), papire (519). Fr. A paper. parcelle. Fr. A parcel, part, or separate quantity. (209, 211, 248, 274.) parcomplir. Fr. To complete, to fulfil, to accomplish. (272.) pardecea. Fr. On this side. (578, 580.) parentre. Fr. Through, by rea son of. (284.) parfourmer. Fr. To perform. (494.) parmentrie (231), parmentrye (225). Fr. Parmentery ; a peculiar kind of cloth (probably of the finest texture) used by the ' par- ' menter,' or tailor, of the Middle Ages. Mr. Stapleton, in the Preface to his edition of the Li ber de Antiq. Legibus (pp. xi., xii.), contends that the 'par- ' mentarius ' was not identical with the ' cissor,' ' tailor,' or ' cut- ' ter-out' of clothes; but that he was a merchant clothier, or sort of wholesale dealer in clothes and furs ; and he censures Du Cange for giving the former explanation to the word. His arguments, however, though interesting, do , not carry conviction. parole. Fr. Plaint, accusation, suit. (110, 183.) parroye. Fr. A partition of rooms in a house. (333.) partier (274), partiere (448). Fr. To part with, to get rid of. Pas (728), Pask (229), Pasqes (518). Fr. Easter. past. Fr. Dough. (705,706.) pastes. Fr. plur. Pasties, pies, pastry. (265.) pasteler. Fr. A pasteler, pie-baker, or maker of pastry. (680, 717.) See Pyebakere, and Pastellarius. 346 LIBER ALBUS. patyn. Fr. A paten, or flat earthen dish. (238.) Pauntage. Fr. (421.) An error for ' pountage,' a toll for the re pair and maintenance of bridges, exacted from those passing over or beneath. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 704, s. v. Brud- thol. Pavage. Fr. Pavage; a toll levied for paving streets and highways. (421.) See the Glossary to Li ber Custum. p. 819, s. v. Pava- gium. paveour (728, 731), paviour (729), pavyour (533). Fr. A pa- vior. pavise. Fr. A large shield. (515.) The word ' pavisse,' ' pavys,' or ' pavish,' was used in this sense in early English. See the autho rities quoted by Halliwell, Diet. Arch. p. 609. pavyment. Fr. A pavement. (562, 716.) payele. Fr. A pan, or frying-pan. (667.) See Pael. payn (260, 264, 265, 266, 333, 694, 695, 721), payne (264). Fr. Bread, a loaf of bread. payn pur chivalx. Fr. (722.) Horse- bread. This was made of beans, as well as peas. " Bushell " of beanes for hors-breade to " be made for th'expences of " xxvii hors of my lords ;" — Nor- thumbd. Household Book, Antiq. Repert. iv. p. 143. It was also made into loaves, the weight and quality of which were regulated by assize. See Panis equinus. peal. Fr. A skin. (274, 667, 712, 713, 719.) See Pealxlanuz, and Pel. pealx lanuz (713),peauxlanuz (279). Fr. plur. Woolfels, the skins of sheep with the wool on. See Pelles lanes. peas (285), peys (285). Fr. Weight. See Pels, and Poys. peas. Fr. Peace. (259, 276, 277, 280, 284, 315, 332, 333, 388,420, 528, 640.) See Pes. pees. Fr. plur. Feet. (271.) peil. Fr. Cloth of pile, i.e. cloth with a thick nap. (231.) See Pyles. peir (727, 732), peire (732). Fr. A pair. peire. Fr. A pear. (236.) peis. Fr. Weight. (226.) See Peas, and Poys. peisage. Fr. Pesage. (247.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 819, s. v. Pesagium. See Poisage. peise. Fr. A wey, or weigh. (226, 245.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 820, s. v. Pisa. See Poise, and Poys. peiser. Fr. To weigh. (285.) peisour (285), peisur (285). Fr. A. weigher. peivere. Fr. Pepper. (223, 224,230.) pel (712), pelle (466). Fr. A skin. See Peal. peleter (279), pelleter (288). Fr. A skinner, or pelterer ; so called from his dressing pelts, or fleeces with the wool on. See Pelter, and Peletarius. peletrie (225, 279, 719), pelletrie (230). Fr. Peltry, or woolfels ; GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 347 the skins of sheep with the wool on. pek. Engl. A peck, in measure. (335.) pelles lanes. Fr. Woolfels. (246.) See Pealx lanuz. pelter. Fr. A skinner, or pelterer. (554, 719, 720.) See Peleter. pelure. Fr. Prepared lambskin or goatskin, known as ' budge.' (279,592,718.) penaunce. Fr. Penalty, punishment. (189.) pentis (584, 585), pentiz (271), pentys. (584). Fr. plur. Pent houses, or pentices; open sheds or projections over a door, or window, to form a protection against the weather. Anciently known also as a ' lean-to,' or a ' to-fall.' See Parker's Glossary of Gothic Architecture, I. pp. 283, 475. See Appentice, and Appenticium. peple. Fr. People. (514, 518.) pepoudrous. Fr. Dusty foot. (67.) A name applied to travellers and wayfarers making short stay in a place. From this term our word 'pedlar' is said to be de rived. The Courts of 'Pie-powder' (or dusty-foot), held for the benefit • of such persons, at a later period were confined solely to Fairs. In the 13th and 14th centuries they were held daily in the City. per au per. Fr. Like to like ; on an equal footing. (287.) perche. Fr. An ale-pole, or ale- , stake. (260, 338.) From the Latin ' pertica.' See Halliwell's Diet. Arch. p. 41, s. vv. Ale- pole, and Ale-stake. perdoun. Fr. Pardon. (380.) pernour. Fr. A taker. (690.) perpaier. Fr. To pay in full, to settle with. (262.) personee (279, 289, 387), persoune (275). Fr. Rung out. Past par ticiple of the verb ' personer ' or ' persouner.' pes. Fr. Peace. (640.) See Peas. pescer. Fr. To feed. (282.) pescher (288, 517), pesker (381). Fr. To fish, to catch by fishing. pescherie. Fr. Fishing, the act of fishing. (381.) peschour. Fr. A fisher, or fisher man. (507, 689.) pesiblement. Fr. Peaceably. (319, 421.) pesker. See Pescher. pesson (507, 515, 518, 680, 690, 691), pessoun (233, 235, 270, 273, 308, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 384, 513, 687, 688, 689, 690, 696, 717), pessounn (234, 235, 288) pessouns (288). Fr. Fish. pessoner (271, 289, 378), pessonere (289, 690), pessouner (377). Fr. A fishmonger. pessonierie. Fr. (380.) A fish- mongery; either for the sale of fresh fish, or for that of dry salt fish, or stockfish. pester. Fr. To make or knead bread, to bake. (259, 338, 722.) pestour. Fr. A baker. (259, 264, 265, 266, 680, 694, 697, 703, 704, 705, 706, 721.) pestre (717), pestrer (717). Fr. To put into a crust or paste. 348 LIBER ALBUS. pestrie. Fr. A kneading. (706). pestrine. Fr. A bakehouse. (703.) Petit Cape. Petty, or Petit, Cape. (181.) A judicial Writ, touching pleas of lands or tenements. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 750. See Graunt Cape. petresnet (346), petrisnet (577). Engl. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 749, s. v. Peteresnet. peus. Fr. plur. Woolfels. (246.) peutre. Fr. Pewter. (601.) peutrer. Fr. A pewterer. (737.) peyn (261, 334), peyne (263, 264, 268, 271, 273, 274, 388, 401, 421, 453, 460, 507, 525, 579, 584, 664, 699, 706, 709, 711, 722, 730). Fr. Pain, penalty. Peytevin. A Poitevin, or native of Poitou. (101.) pheliper. Fr. A pheliper, or frip- perer; a dealer in old clothes and furniture. (279, 718.) - pieaux. Fr. plur. Skins. (260). pier (333), piere (259, 313). Fr. stone. pilory. Fr. The pillory. (458.) See Pyllorye. pioine. Fr. (230.) See Pyoine. Pipe (318). The Pipe Roll, or Great Roll of the Exchequer, containing the accounts of debts due to the King ; said to have been so called from its resemblance in shape to a pipe for wine, and in the cus tody of the Clerk of the Pipe. Certain charges made out against the Sheriffs of Counties were called " Summonses of the Pipe." pissounerie. Fr. The calling of a fishmonger. (379.) plaitz. Fr. plur. Pleas. (110.) As to the possible origin of this word (from the Latin * placitum ') see fhe Glossary to Liber Custum. pp. 795, 796, s. vv. CruxLapidea. See Pledz. plaistrer (252), plaster (728), plas- trer (289, 553, 554, 735),. playS. terer (533). Fr. A plasterer. pledz. Fr. plur. Pleas. (317.) See Plaitz. plegge. Fr. A pledge, or surety. (110, 268.) plein accompt. Fr. Settled account, receipt in full. (525.) pleindre (295, 369), pleyndre (296, 567, 572, 663). Fr. To com plain, to make complaint. pleint (472), pleynt (200, 213, 216, 293, 508, 510), pleynte (293, 669). Fr. Plaint, complaint. pleniement. Fr. Fully. (423.) plesir. Fr. Pleasure. (518.) pleyn. Fr. Full. (316,359,695, 697.) pleynt. See Pleint. pleyntif. Fr. A plaintiff, or com plainant. (665, 677.) plomeez. Fr. (278.) Leaded, fitted with lead. Past participle plural of the verb * plomer.' plum (574), plumbe (259). Fr. Lead. plumbe. Fr. (288.)' Leaded, fitted with lead. Past participle of the verb 'plumber.' plus (382), pluous (687). Fr. Rainy. poar (310), poare (319), poair (567, 585, 642, 721), poair'e (311, 312, 360, 426). Fr. Power. See Poere, Poiar, and Power. GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 349 poere. Fr. Power. (311, 317.) See Poar, Poiar, and Power. poiar (280, 286, 383, 388, 425), >., poiare (315, 317, 420, 422). Fr. Power. See Poar, Poere, and Power. poigne. Fr. The fist." (389.) See Poygn. poisage. Fr. Pesage. (226.) See Peisage. poise. Fr. A wey, or weigh. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 820, s. v. Pisa. See Peise, and Poys. polayne (279). See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 751, s. v. Polan. Pole, la (249, 263, 279, 708, 709, 710, 711). The Pool ; a part of the Thames extending from the Tower fo Limehouse. It is de rived, probably, from the A. S. , pol, a pool, or lake. poleterre. Fr. A poulterer. (289.) See Pulletere. poletrie. Fr. Poultry. (231, 260.) See Pulletrie. Pool, Seint. Fr. Saint Paul. (119.) Down to the 16th century, if not later, the Cathedral of Saint Paul was known in this country as ' Poules,' or ' Powles.' See the Glossary to Liber Custum. pp. 751, 752, s. vv. Pol and Pool. See Poul. pople. Fr. The people. (283.) pople (279.) According to a Note in Liber Horn, fol. 249, this was the fur of the back ofthe squirrel in spring. porcherie. Fr. A pigsty. (260, 590.) porrez. Fr. plur. Leeks. (233.) Portsokene (138, 154, 164, 273, 720), Portsokne (301, 463). The Portsoken. See the Glossary to .Liber Custum. p. 821, s. v. Porte- potelle. Fr. A pottle, two quarts. (260, 335, 336, 361.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. - 821, s. v. Potellus. pottz. Fr. plur. Pots. (261.) pouchemaker. Engl. A maker of pouches, or leathern pockets, hung from the girdle. (654, 736.) See Tassemaker, and Bursarius. pouf. Engl. Puff, a kind of light French bread. (353, 354.) See . Puffe. Poul" (261, 270, 279, 289), Poule (475), Seint. Fr. Saint Paul. As to the foot of St. Paul (p. 279), see the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 751, s. v. Pol. See Pool. pouns. Fr. An inch. (577.) pover (262, 295), povere (295.) Fr. Poor. power. Fr.' Realm, dominion, power. (248, 280, 293, 388, 473, 494, 641, 642, 645.) See Poar, Poere, and Poiar. poygn (180), poyn (642, 644.) Fr. A hand, or fist. See Poigne. poynt. Fr. A point. (644.) poys. Fr. Weight. (223, 224, 588.) See Peas, and Peis. poys. Fr. A wey, or weigh. (237, 238.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 820, s. v. Pisa. See Peise, and Poise. poys. Fr. plur. Peas. (705.) 350 LIBER ALBUS. poyser. Fr. To weigh. (285.) fc Prattisferie (516), Prattysferye (515). Probably identical with the present Rainham Ferry, near Barking, in Essex. It may pos sibly have had this name from some person named ' Pratt,' who rented it. preiser. Fr. To appraise. (188, 202, 520.) preiser (471), preisour (471.) Fr. An appraiser. prentiz. Fr. An apprentice. (272.) pridnet. Engl. (346, 577.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 753. primes. Fr. First. (268.) Primer Sacrement. Fr. (426.) The First Sacrament. Easter Sunday, not improbably, is meant ; one of the names given to which was, " Prima Dominica," the First Sunday. prisonee. Fr. A prison. (387, 389.) See Prysoun. prisoun. Fr. A prisoner. (47.) prodhomme. Fr. (44.) See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 753, s. v. Prodeshomes. proeve. Fr. Proof. (669.) An approver, or informer. (475, 765.) profit. Fr. Profitable. (371.) prohibucioun. Fr. Prohibition. (420.) promesce. Fr. A promise. (308.) propirtee. Fr. Property. (189.) Province. (711.) Wine of Provence; similar, probably, to the red wine , now known as Roussillon, or Masdeu. prow. Fr. Profit, advantage. (306.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 754, s. v. Pru. pru. Fr. (379.). Advantage. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 754. Pruz. Prussia. (238.) "An hundred " marke of Pruce money fyne." MS. Rawl. c. 86. Pryme. Fr. The canonical hour of Prime. (270, 271, 279, 289.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 753, s. v. Prime. prynce. Fr. A prince. (388.) Ed ward the Black Prince, eldest son of Edward in., is here alluded to. prys. Fr. Price. (271.) prys (247, 248), pryse (248.) Fr. Prise, prisage, or seizure in the King's behalf. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 821, s. v. Prisa. prysoun (283), prysoune (269). Fr. A prison. See Prisonee. pryve (263), pryveez, plur. (282, 306). Fr. A denizen, one having civic rights. puffe. Engl. Puff, a kind of light French bread. (353.) See Pouf. puise. Fr. Then. (408.) pulletere (289, 465), pulleter (465), pulletier (465), pulter (715, 716, 717), pultere (716). Fr. A poul terer. See Poleterre. pulletrie (465, 667, 696, 715), pul- trie (231, 673, 716, 717). Fr. Poultry. See Poletrie. punicement (281), punisshement (476). Fr. A punishment. purcelle. Fr. The bird known as a ' purcel.' (466.) GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 351 purchacer. Fr. To obtain, to buy, to purchase. (228, 408). purchacere. Fr. refl. To prosecute one's suit. (472.) purparlance. Fr. A meeting, a con ference. (276.) purpresture. Fr. A purpresture or pourpresture, an encroachment. (259.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 822, s. v. Purprestura. purprise. Fr. A purpresture. (476, 477, 580, 584, 729). pursueour (425), pursuer (424). Fr. A pursuer, or promoter. pursuere (390), pursuier (188). Fr. To prosecute a suit. putayne (457, 459), puteine (259), puteyn (457), puteyne(275, 591). Fr. A harlot, a courtesan. putere. Fr. A harlot, a courtesan. (332, 336.) puteresse. Fr. A receiver, orhar- bourer, of courtesans. (458.) putour. Fr. A brothel-keeper, a whoremonger. (259, 457, 458, 592.) pyebakere. Engl. A pasteler, or pie- baker. (316.) See Pasteler, and Pastellarius. pygoun. Fr. A pigeon. (467.) pyke. Engl. The pike, a fish. (607.) pyles. Fr. plur. Probahly, cloths of pile, cloths with a thick nap. (225.) See PeU. pyllorye (336), pylorie (279, 665), pylory (263, 465). Fr. The pillory. See Pilory. pynner. Engl. (737). A pinner, or maker of pins. It has been represented that pins were not made in this country until the time of Henry VIII. ; we here see the Pinners established in London, in the reign of Edward IH. They also made iron cards, for the carding of wool. See Cardemaker. pyoine. Fr. (224.) The Latin word ' pinetum ' is explained as " a pyoun " in the Nominate of the 15th Century (Wright's Vol. Vocab. p. 227); and a 'pyoun,' or 'pione,' probably means the seed of the piony; formerly used as a spice, according to Halliwell, Diet. Arch. p. 626. But query as to this; for though pungent, these seeds are cathartic and emetic. ' Pione ' seems also to have been a mediaeval name for hemp; see Du Cange, Glossary (ed. Henschel), s. v. Piones. See Pioine. qar. Fr. For. (368.) Qaresme. Fr. Lent. (577.) qeconqes. Fr. Whatever, what soever. (369, 520, 523, 524.) See Queconqes. qi. Fr. Which. (44.) qu. Fr. That. (268.) quanq. Fr. As much as, so far as. (309.) quartrounn (232), quartrun (674). Fr. A quarter of a hundred weight. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 755, s. v. Quar- teroun. quatroun. Fr. A quarter of a hundred- weight. (235.) See the preceding word. queconqes. Fr. Whatsoever. (507.) See Qeconqes. 355 LIBER ALBUS. queek (606). Probably, a chess board of some description ; this perhaps being the only instance in which it occurs. In Gough's Wardrobe Accounts, 28 Edw. I. p. 351, there is an entry, " Lu- "dend' ad creag," which in the Introduction is taken to mean cribbage. Again, in Vol. v. of the Royal Ordinances of France, p. 253, art. 3, a very similar word, ' quecce,' is used as signi fying a barrel for fresh herrings. ' Quecord ' is mentioned by Halli well, Diet. Arch. p. 657, as a game prohibited by an ancient Statute, and supposed by Blount to be similar to shovel-board. The word ' chequer ' is used by Robert of Gloucester, 1. 192, to' signify either the game of chess or the chessboard. Not improbably, ' queek ' is a vulgar corruption of the word. Quenehethe. Queen-Hythe, in the City of London. (463.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 755. On the etymology and exact meaning of the word ' hythe,' see Way's Note to Prompt. Parv. p. 242. Quenesburghe. Queenborough, in Kent. (536.) qui. Fr. Than. (462,463.) qui. Fr. That. (460, 461, 462, 463, 466.) quicunqes. Fr. * Whoever. (465.) quinse. Fr. Fifteen. (462.) quinzeine (110), quinzisme (508). A quinzisme, or quinzaine, a full fortnight. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. pp. 756, 822, s. vv. Quinzeyne and Quindena. quit. Fr. Acquitted. (521.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 756, s. v. Quites. quiteez. Fr. plur. C278). Baked, subjected to the action of fire. Past participle plural of the verb 'quire.' See Quyte. quivere. Fr. Copper. (225, 231.) quynt. Fr. Five. (506.) quyte. Fr. Baked. .(288.) See Quiteez. qy. Fr. The which. (371.) raie (234), raye (234). Fr. The fish known as a ' ray.' rakyer. Engl. A raker. (335.) The ' raker ' of the Middle Ages performed the same duties as the ' scavenger ' of the present day ; who derives his name from the ' scavager,' or officer who received the duties on the opening out, or showage, of imported goods, and whose office it also was, to see that the wharfs and streets were kept free from nuisances. See the Introd. to Liber Albus, p. xli. See Scavegeour, Scawage, and Rastrator. raser. Fr. To shave. (458, 460.) raunceon (643), raunsoun (281, 290). Fr. Ransom. ray (459), raye (459). Fr. Made of ray, a rayed or striped cloth. See Drap -de ray. raye. See Raie. real. Fr. Royal. " Rues realx." Royal streets, i. e. the King's highways. (273.) GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 353 receant (283), receaunt (203). Fr. Resident, residing in. See Res- ceant, and Resteaunt. recettement. Fr. Harbouring, con cealment, reception. (283.) recettour. Fr. A receiver. (276.) recevire. Fr. To receive. (390, 394, 400.) rechatre. Fr. To buy back again. (694.) reconisance (471), reconisaunce (471, 478). Fr. Recognizance, acknowledgment. recoveree. Fr. (44.) A recovery, either true or feigned ; in either case, the obtaining a thing by judgment or trial of law. See Tomlins' Law Diet. s. v. Re covery. Redyng (535), Redynge (540). Reading, in Berkshire. ree. Fr. A net. (507.) See Reie, and Rey. reen. Fr. Nothing. (279.) regrater. Fr. To regrate, to sell by retail. (275, 689, 690.) regrateresce (265), regrateresse (704). Fr. A regratress, a female who sells articles by retail. regratier (270), regratour (46, 271, 272, 314, 527, 657, 680, 693, 696, 700, 715). Fr. A regrator, or retail dealer. reie (516), reye (516). Fr. A net. See Ree, and Rey. reigne. Fr. A queen. (693.) rejoyere (449), rejoier (420). To enjoy. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p, 757, *. v. Reioier. releaser. Fr. To withdraw, to takeoff. (262.) VOL. III. rcligioun. Fr. (377.) Apparently, a house of religion, monastery, or convent. See Religio. remeindre. Fr. A remainder. (495, 496.) remeist. Fr. (110.) The third person singular imperfect sub junctive of the verb ' remener' or ' remeyndre,' to remain. remenaunt. Fr. The remnant, the remainder. (381.) remever (509, 585, 592), remoever (457, 592). Fr. To remove. remuement. Fr. Removal. (379.) renit. Fr. (378.) Apparently, the past participle of the verb ' re- ' neier,' to renounce, employed substantively, as meaning ' a ' cheat.' See Burguy, Gram- maire de la Langue d'O'il, in. p. 264. Renois, Renoys. See Vin Renois. reparairer. Fr. To resort to, to sojourn in. (282.) The word ' reparairauntz,' in this instance, is not improbably an error for ' repairauntz ;' in which case, it will be the present participle plural of the verb ' repairer.' requere. Fr. To demand, to take up. (426.) resceant (311), resceaunt (293, 562, 722). Fr. Resident, being, abid ing, residing. Hence the old English ' reciaunt,' in the same sense : see the Glastonbury Sur vey, temp. Henry VIII., as given in Hearne's Appendix to Lang- toft's Chronicle, p. 337, et passim. Sec Receant, and Resteaunt. Z 354 LIBER ALBUS. resceiver (45, 222, 262, 266, 723), resceverire (419),resceyvre (687). Fr. To receive. See Resus. rescett. Fr. Resort. (276.) rescous. Fr. Retired, obscured. (277, 580). Past participle of the verb ' resconser.' See Solail. rescous (472, 663), rescouz (472). Fr. Rescue. resplier. Fr. To make replication, to reply. (214.) ressette. Fr. Received. (721.) resteaunt (267), resteiantz, plur. (269). Fr. Residing. See Re ceant, and Resceant. restreinz. Fr. (267.) Past parti ciple plural of the verb ' re- ' streindre,' to shrink. resus. Fr. (475.) Past participle plural of the verb ' resceiver,' to receive. See Resceiver. reteigner. Fr. To retain. (400.) retree. Fr. An ebb. (245.) retreit. Fr. (220.) Withdrawn. Past participle singular of the verb ' retrer,' to withdraw, q. v. retreour. Fr. A withholder, a withdrawer. (359.) retrer. Fr. refl. To withdraw one's self. (219.) See Retreit. rettes. Fr. plur. Accused. (279.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 758, s. v. Retter. reugle. Fr. A rule. (528.) reuler. Fr. To rule. (494.) reulour. Fr. A ruler. (665.) revelacioun. Fr. (369.) Perhaps an error for ' relevacioun,' relief. reversyon. Fr. Reversion ; or ra ther, in this case (180), remainder. rew (336), rewe (259, 338, 382, 477, 584, 585, 590, 547, 685, 688, 690, 719, 729). Fr. A street. See Riewe, and Ruwe. rewler. Fr. To rule. (202.) rey (288, 518), reye (518), reys (577). Fr. A net. See Ree, and Reie. reyne. Fr. A queen. (229.) Reynes (231), Reyns (225). The French cities of Rheims, in the department of Marne, and of Rennes, in Britanny, seem to have been both known in this country by the name of ' Rayne,' or ' Reyns ;' thus, in Liber de Antiq. Legibus (Camd. Soc), p. 137, " apud Reyns — fuit in- " unctus in Regem Francorum," — " was anointed King of the " French at Rheims." The pas sage in Sir Degore (Hist. Engl. Poetry, ed. 1840), " Your sheets shal be of cloths of Rayne," is supposed by M. Michel (Re cherches sur les Etoffes de Soie, etc. n. p. 239) to bear reference to Rheims ; but Rennes is more probably the place meant, as the textile manufactures of Rheims owe their origin, it is said, to the minister Colbert (though certainly " serge de Reines " is mentioned, s. a. 1270, in the Memoirs of the Sire De Joinville); while Rennes was celebrated in the Middle Ages, and still is, for its manu factures of fine linen. So " sherts " of Reyns," and " Rayns," are mentioned in the Wardrobe Ac counts of 1483, and " schets of " Reynes," " canapes of Reynes," GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 355 and " pillow-beres (cases) of " Reynes," in the Ceremonies and Services at Court, temp. Henry VII: see Antiq. Repert. i. pp. 37, 38, 301, 333, 334, 336. « Bere " (or pillow-case) of cloth of " Raynes," is mentioned in 1. 255 of Chaucer's Dream. In 1. 3828 of Rom. of the Rose, " Had levir in this caas " Have ben at Beines or Amias," Rennes, and Amiens, in Picardy, are meant. reysin (224), reysyn (230). Fr. % A raisin of the sun. Eibbil. The Ribble, a river of Lancashire and Yorkshire. (507.) riewe. Fr. A street. (581.) See Rew, and Ruwe. riotour. Fr. A rioter, or riotous person. (259.) See Ryotour. Rive la Reigne. Queen-Hythe. (245.) See Quenehethe, and Ryve la Reigne. t robous (579), robouse (579, 581)- Fr. Rubbish. Perhaps from the Latin ' robur,' wood. roche. Fr. . A roach. (689.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 823, s. v. Rochus. Rochele (709, 711). "The Ruele " and the Rochel wyn," are men tioned in Piers Plowman, temp. Edw. II. In the lines " Both the Roche and the Beyn, " And the good Malvesyn," in the early Romance of Sir De- grevant, 11. 1414, 1415 (Thorn ton Romances, Camd. Soc), the Rochele wine is not impro bably alluded to; unless indeed the red wine of Roche, on the banks of the Loire, is meant. Under the name ' Rochele,' pos sibly the wine of Rocal, in the Lot and Garonne, is signified. Romeney (711). A kind of Malm sey ; genuine wine under which name was imported from Napoli di Romania, in the Morea. — " Malmasyes, Tires, and Rum- " neys " are wines named in the early poem Colyn Blowbolles Testament, MS. Rawl. c. 86 ( Thornton Romances, Camd. Soc. p. 301). Halliwell describes it (Diet. Arch. p. 691), to all ap pearance inaccurately, as a Span ish wine ; and quotes the line from Wright's Reliq. Antiq., " Blwet of Allmayne, romnay. and wyin,"— from which it would appear to have ranked above ordinary wine ; as a kind of liqueur probably. Her - bert also, in his History of the Twelve Livery Comp. n. p. 629, incorrectly describes ' Rumney ' as a sort of Spanish wine. See Malvezie. Ronemede (545). The plain of Runnemede, in the County of Surrey, between Windsor and Staines ; the " Charter of Runne- " mede " being the MagnaCharta of King John, which was there signed. See Thomson's Hist. Essay on Magna Charta, p. 526. roskyn (279). See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 759. roundement. Fr. Roundly, around (459.) Z 2 356 LIBER ALBUS. roygne (461), royne (692, 694, 696, 698). Fr. A queen. rues realx. See Real. rumour. Fr. Tumult. (462.) ruwe. Fr. A street. (265, 313, 336.) See Rew, and Riewe. ryche. Fr. Rich. (306.) ryefere. Fr. A river. (466.) See Ryvere. ryghholt. Germ. Wood of Riga. (238.) ryot. Fr. Riot. (312.) ryotour. Fr. A rioter, or riotous person. (337.) See Riotour. rys. Fr. Rice. (224, 230.) Ryve la Reigne (693), Ryve la Roygne (461), Ryve la Royne (692, 694, 696, 698), Ryver la Reyne (229.) Fr. Queen-Hythe, on the Thames ; so called from Eleanor of Aquitaine, wife of Henry IL, to whom it was granted in dower ; on pretence whereof, King John seized its metage dues, and conferred them on his younger son, Richard, Earl of Cornwall. See Norton's Constit. City of London, pp. 410, 411 ; also, Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 755, s. v. Quenehethe. See Rive la Reigne. ryvere. Fr. A river. (288.) See Ryefere. sadelere. Engl. A saddler. (392.) saille. Fr. A hall. (229.) Sec the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 760, s. v. Sale. sale. Fr. A sack. (226, 227, 245, 278.) salessoun (687), salisoun (382). Fr. A salting. salmoseux. Fr. plur. Salmon-fry. (507.) samounn. Fr. Salmon. (235.) sane. Fr. Blood. (642, 644, 667.) See Sank. sancz. Fr. Without. (184.) See Sauncz, and Senz. Sandwiz. Sandwich, in the County of Kent. (248.) sank (204, 270, 281, 642, 643), sanke (475), saunke (476). Fr. Blood. See Sane. sauncz. Fr. Without. (214,368.) See Sancz, and Senz. sauser (100). Perhaps an Anglo- Norman word, meaning a ' sor- ' cerer ;' the individual in ques tion being not unlikely to be re puted as such. savacoun. Fr. A saving, salva tion. (49.) save. Fr. Save that. (186.) scaleoister. A scallop. (275.) Probably an early English name, from the A. S. reel, " a shell," in consequence of the superior regu larity of its shell. It seems not improbable that this is the fish mentioned in Coleridge's Glos- sarial Index, p. 70, under the name of ' schulle,' and in Wright's Vol. Vocab. p. 254, as " Hsec testa, " A schylle." From the Siege of Karlaverok, where we learn that the arms of Robert de Scales were six escallop shells argent, we may reasonably conjecture that the name of that family was GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 357 from the A. S. reel, as meaning this fish. See Skaloystre. scalters (229), scaltres (179, 229, 234). Shelters, or bulwarks. The " nief de scalters," there can be no doubt, was the same as the ' hocscip,' or high ship, mentioned in pp. 343 and 374, meaning a vessel with comparatively high sides or bulwarks. It is also clearly identical with the ' scan- ' dea,' or " haute nef," mentioned in Du Cange, Glossar. (eft.. Henschel), s. v. Scanded ; and not impro bably the same as the ' escauda ' mentioned (s. v.) in the same work. See Hocscip, Okschip, and Shaltre. scavegeour (38), scawageour (254, 31*3, 333, 334, 336, 585), scowa- geour (333). Engl.« A scavager. See the following word, Scaw- age. As to the derivation of our present word ' scavenger ' from this word, see Rakyer ; as also, Introd. to Liber Albus, p. xli. Scawage (225, 229), Scawange(234), Scawenge (223). Engl. Scavage, or Showage. A toll or duty paid for the oversight of certain offi cials, upon the 'showage,' or opening out, of imported goods ; the same as the ' ostensio ' paid by foreign merchants in the Instituta . Lundonice of Ethelred (Thorpe's Ancient Laws and Institutes of England, p. 127). Spelman, in his Glossary, would derive this word from an alleged A. S. word rcepan ; but there can be little doubt that tho A. S. rceapian, to look at, view, or search ('tho root of our word ' shew ') is the basis. In addition to the expla nation of this word given in p. 223 of Liber Albus, the reader may consult with advantage Nor ton's Constit. of the City of Lon don, pp. 493,494. See Escawenge, and Rakyer. sceiver. Fr. To know. (282.) Schot et Loth. Scot and Lot. (128.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 812, s. vv. Lottum et Scottum. Scotale (130, 133, 138, 140, 149, 155, 165, 258, 333, 659). Engl. See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. pp. 760, 761. scut (239). A scout, or vessel from the Low Countries. See Escout. seal. Fr. Salt. (274.) See p. 92 of the present Volume, Note 2. See Seel. sealle. Fr. A seal. (49.) secke. Fr. Dry. (724.) Secollane. Sea Coal Lane, in the vicinity of the Fleet River. (583, 621, 713.) For early mention of this locality, see the Introd. to Liber Albus, p. xxxv. secre. Fr. Secret. " Secre Seal," the Privy Seal. (372,373.) seel. Fr. Salt. (460.) See Seal. seen. Fr. Sense, wit. (311, 317, 319.) sei. Fr. Himself. (112.) Sein (260), Seinteez, plur. (309), Seintez, plur. (311, 314), Seintz, plur. (306, 307,308, 310, 312, 313, 315,316,318,319). Fr. A Saint, 358 LIBER ALBUS. Saints. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 763, s. v. Seins. sein. Fr. Wholesome, healthful. (309.) See Seyn. sein (119), seine (697). Fr. A bell. From the Latin ' signum ;' and the basis, it is said, of the word ' tocsin.' See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 763, s. v. Seyn. See Seyn. Selander (642). A Zealander, or native of Zealand, or Seland (sea-land), a province of Hol land. selde. Fr. A seld, or shed. (704, 732.) See Sende. sendal. Fr. Cendal, sendal, or sandel. (727.) See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. pp. 706, 792, s. vv. Cendale, Cindatum, and Cindon. See Cendal. sende. Fr. A seld, shield, or shed (227, 266, 285); used in the Mid dle Ages for the weighing and stowage of goods. See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 825, s. v. Selda. See Selde. senz. Fr. Without. (112.) See Sancz, and Sauncz. septysme. Fr. The seventh. (464.) See Setisme. sequestre. Fr. Sequestration. (202.) serchour. Fr. A searcher. (574.) sere. Fr. To sit. (367.) serjant (286), serj aunt (286). Fr. A servant. servise. Fr. Service. (663.) servoise. Fr. Ale. (307, 360, 361.) ses. Fr. For the pronoun 'ces,' these. (279, 285, 289, 292.) See Cez, and Sez. sesse (463), sesze (516). Fr. Six teen. setisme. Fr. The seventh. (110.) See Septysme. sette. Fr. An arrow. (515, 516.) seu. Fr. Tallow, suet. (279, 713.) See Su. seurment, Fr. An oath. (463.) See Surement. seuretee (395), seurte (710), seurtee (387, 389). Fr. Surety, secu rity. seute (449), seutees, plur. (306). Fr. Suit, suits. See Sewte, and Siute. seutier. Fr. A suitor. (475.) sewer. Fr. To sue. (571.) See Siure, Siujfir, Suir, and Suyer. sewte, Fr. A suit, or cause. (471.) See Seute, and Siute. seyn. Fr. A bell. (698.) See Sein. seyn. Fr. Healthful, sound. (465.) See Sein. seynture. Fr. A girdle. (370.) See Ceynturer. sez. Fr. For the pronoun ' cez,' these. (426, 474.) See Cez, and Ses. shaltre (344, 376). See Scalters. Shartfort. Engl. (186.) The an cient name of judgment of fore closure ; also called ' Forshot,' or 'Forschoke.' From Izack's Antiq. of Exeter, p. 48, we learn that this custom (attended with certain formalities) was there called ' Shortford.' See Forshot, and Forsshard, GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 359 shether. Engl. A sheather, or maker of sheaths. (654, 736.) See Va- shofnet (577). Engl. See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 7ll,s. v. Chofnet. shope(205, 714), shoppe (381, 382). Engl. A shop. From the A. S. rceop, or rceoppa. shotnet (577). Engl. See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 711, s. v. Chotnet. See Cotnet. Sires. Fr. Lord. (424.) A title of honour. sis. Fr. Six. (182.) eiure. Fr. To sue, to prosecute. (110.) See Sewer, Siwer, Suir, and Suyer. siute. Fr. Pursuit. (111.) See Seute, and Sewte. siwer. Fr. To sue, to prosecute. (110.) See Sewer, Siure, Suir, and Suyer. skaloystre (673). See Scaleoister. skinnere (396), skynnere (394). Engl. A skinner. skokkere (377). Evidently an error for 'stokkere,' a stockfishmonger. See Stokker. smelt. Engl. plur. Smelts. (577, 689, 691.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 763. Smythefeld(249, 272), Smythefelde (233, 541, 551, 588, 696, 714, 724), Smythfelde (233). Smithfield. See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 764, s. v. Smethefeld. snyte. Engl. A snipe. (468.) socure. Fr. A helper, an assistant. (245.) socurere. Fr. To succour, to as sist. (334.) soeffraunce. Fr. Sufferance, in dulgence. (284.). soeffrer. Fr. To suffer, to allow of. (268.) soel. Engl. plur. Soles. (244.) soel. Fr. Soil. (338.) soffrable. Fr. Sufferable, allowable. (284.) sofre. Fr. Sulphur. (237.) See Suffre. solail rescous (580), solayl rescous (277). Fr. Sunset. See Res cous. solere. Fr. A solar or sollar, an upper room. (333.) For instances of the early use of this word in English, see Halliwell's Diet. Arch. p. 771, s.v. Soler ; also, Introd. to Archdeacon Hale's Domesday of St. Paul's, p. xcix. soleyn. Fr. Private, sole, sepa rate. (318.) sollempnement. Fr. Solemnly. (291.) solon (458), solonc (183, 268). Fr. According to. soltz. Fr. plur. Sols, or shillings (494). See Soultz. somme de chivalle. Fr. A sumpter- horse load, or seam. (235.) somonce (380), somons (520), so- monz (474), somounnce (267). Fr. A summons. somonder (182), somoundre (119). Fr. To summon. sor. Fr. Red. (235). See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 765, s. v. Sor, and p. 827,5. v. Sornus. 3G0 LIBER ALBUS. sormulet (375), sormulett (234). Fr. Surmullet. sotil. Fr. Fine. " Sotils choses," fine goods, or wares. (230.) See Res subfiles. sotilment. Fr. Subtly, adroitly. (368.) soubz. Fr. Under. (394.) See South, and' Soutz. soultz. Fr. plur. Sols, or shillings. (587.) See Soltz. soun. Fr. A bell. (515.) See Sein, and Seyn. souner. Fr. To ring. (515.) sousstablere. Fr. To substitute, to sub-establish. (425.) south (318), southe (332, 336). Fr. Under. The form ' south,' or ' southe,' for ' sous,' under, is pro bably of Walloon origin, and is frequently met with in the Anglo- French of the latter part of the fourteenth, and beginning of the fifteenth, centuries. Fromaremark in vol. n. p. 365, Gramm. de la Langue d'O'il, this form would seem to be all but unknown to M. Burguy. See Soubz, and Soutz. Southevicountz, plur. (3 17), Southe- viscounte (45, 418). Fr. Under- sheriffs, Under-sheriff. See South. soutz. Fr. Under. (465.) See Soubz, and South. souvenerement. Fr. Often, often times. (283.) sovener. Fr. Frequent. (379.) sovent-foitz. Fr. Oftentimes. (462, 505, 509.) soveraigne (264, 290, 318), sove reigne (290, 319). Fr. A supe rior. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 765, s. v. Soveraine. soveraignement. Fr. In especial. (368.) soy (225, 727), soye (225). Fr. Silk. Spaigne. Fr. Spain. (230.) spicer. Engl. A dealer in spices. (123, 553). See Espicer. spicerie. Fr. Spicery, spices. (224.) See Espicery. spindeleresbot (374), spindeloresbot (343). It seems next to impos sible to identify the vessel thus called. It may possibly be the 'litoraria,' or tpohrcip (trough- ship), or coasting-boat, of Arch bishop JElfric's Vocab. (p. 64 Wright's Vol. Vocab.); or it may mean a trawling-boat, the net of which was drawn up by a wind lass, called a ' wyndylle ' in Pict. Vocab. of 15th Century (Wright's Vol. Vocab. p. 275). From the nature, however, of the fish with which it was freighted, it seems not improbable that this vessel was used for fishing in deep sea. sprottes. Engl. plur. (374.) Sprats. See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 827, s. v. Sprottus. See Esprot. spud. Engl. (243.) An imple ment used to answer the purpose of a wedge; in the present instance, for breaking asunder masses of salt. stallage. Fr. Stallage. (231.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 702, s. v. Borghalpanyg, and p. 828, s. v. Stallagium. GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 361 stanboghe (667), stanbowe (278). Engl. A petronel, stone -bow, or ' bow for casting stones. See Arc- a-perre, and Arcus de petra. stalker. Engl. A peculiar kind of net so called, the use of which was illegal. (507.) Staningelane. (115.) Staining Lane, in Aldersgate Ward, in the City. It is said to have taken its name from painters-stainers dwelling there ; but more probably, from the church of St. Mary there situate, which may have been originally built of stone (stane), when others were of wood. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 766, s. v. Staningchirche. Staunforde. Stamford, in Lincoln shire. (545.) . staunce. Fr. Assurance (248): or perhaps an error for 'fraunce,' as given in Liber Horn, meaning, probably, clearance by frank pledge. Stebenhuthe (91), Stevenhethe (232). Stebonheath, or Stepney, in Middlesex. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 766, s. v. Stebenhuthe. sfceynour. Engl. A stainer. (738.) stikelynge. (689.) Probably, a stickleback. In an English Vocab. of the 15th Century (Wright's Vol. Vocab. p. 189), the word ' stytling ' is given as the equivalent of ' scorpio,' a kind of fish ; and is identified by the Editor with the ' stickleback ' of the present day. In the No minate of the 15th Century (p. 222 of the same Volume), the word 'gamerus' is rendered a ' styklynge;' and in the Prompt. Parv. the ' stykelynge ' is iden tified with the ' silurus ; ' though certainly not the 'silurus' of Pliny, Hist. Nat. B. ix. c. 17. Cotgrave renders ' espinoche ' (identical with the 'spinaticus' or ' ripillio ' of the Middl^ Ages), " a sharpling, shaftling, stickling, " bankstickle, or stickleback." Hence we may conclude it to be the 'stanstikle' of Neckam De Utensilibus (Wright's Vol. Vocab. p. 98) ; the ' tantickle ' of the Suffolk dialect of the present day. stokfisshe. Engl. (238, 712.) Stock fish. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 766, s. v. Stokfishe. stokker. Engl. A stockfishmonger. (344.) See Skokkere. Stokkes (583, 685, 689, 712), Stokkis (713), Stokkys (583), le, les. The Stocks. See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 766. strandage (235), straundage (234). Fr. Strandage; leave for vessels to take the ground at low water. See Estraundage, and Stranda- gium. strenger. Engl. A stringer, or maker of bowstrings. (738.) strettez. Fr. plur. Narrow. (336.) streyin. Fr. Straw. (337.) See Estreim, and Streym. streym. Fr. Straw. (259.) From the Latin ' stramen.' See Estreim, and Streyin. strik (243), stryk (243). Engl. This implement, used for levelling 362 LIBER ALBUS. corn in the measure, has been known in England by various other names — "osorium, a stri- "kyle," Nominate of the 15th Century (Wright's Vol. Vocab. ¦p. 233); and ' snitchel,' Halli- well's Diet. Arch. p. 766 ; such method of measuring being called " wood and wood," in R. Holme's Academy, in. p. 377. This mode of measuring was rigidly dis tinguished from that by heaped or cantel measure: " Capiatur tol- " netum per rasum, et nihil cum "cumulo vel cantallo," — Statu- tum de Pistoribus, of uncertain date (Stat. Realm, 1810, I. p. 203). See Topham's Introduc tion to Gough's Wardrobe Ac counts of 28 Edward I. The ' strickle ' is so called in England at the present day, but in America, according to Webster, the word 'strike' is used. It seems not improbable that from the use of this implement a bushel came to be called originally a ' strike;' though at a later period a strike sometimes meant four bushels, and sometimes two. According to Carpentier, however (Add. to Du Cange, Glossar.), the bushel was thus named from an old German word "strick.' See Stricum. sturioun. Fr. A sturgeon. (382, 687.) See Sturio. su (245), sue (237). Fr. Tal low, suet ; hence, probably, the latter word. suetz. Fr. plur. (522.) Apparently this means ' customary fees.' suffre. Fr. Sulphur. (230,246.) See Sofre. suir. Fr. To sue. (522.) See Sewer, Siure, Siwer, and Suyer. surannez. Fr. plur. Superannuated, full-grown. (233.) surdauntz. Fr. (514.) Present participle plural of the verb ' sur- ' dre,' to arise. surement. Fr. An oath. (400.) See Seurment. suronder. Fr. To beset. (510.) surseier (219), surseoir (184, 210). Fr. To stay temporarily, to surcease. surveer (510, 585), surveere (314, 317), surveier (511, 723), sur- veiere. (309.) Fr. To survey, to oversee. surveour. Fr. A surveyor, over seer. (705.) surveu. Fr. Survey, inspection, supervision. (511, 512, 521.) susrendre. Fr. To surrender. (201.) Suthewerk (273, 572), Suthwerk (572.) Southwark, in Surrey. suwette. Fr. Surety. (524.) suyer (182), suyr (184). Fr. To sue. See Sewer, Siure, Siwer, and Suir. suys. Fr. Under. (514.) suys et juys. Fr. Up and down. (282.) suyt (369), suyte (264, 317, 389). Fr. Suit. sy. Fr. So. (585.) symak. Fr. Sumach, or shumac. (224, 230.) A plant of the genus Rhus, of many species, GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 363 used in dyeing and tanning, and for medicinal purposes. sys. Fr. Six. (463.) taille. Fr. A tally, in proof of a debt. (294, 669). See Tallia. taller. Fr. To cut. (459.) talwode. Engl. (730.) Tall wood; firewood cut into long bil lets ; called ' talgwood ' and ' tal- ' shide ' in the Statutes 34 and 35 Henry VIII, c. 3; 7 Edw. 6. c. 7; and 43 Eliz. c. 14. tandele (345, 381, 384), tandelle (236), tandle (343, 375, 688), tandlee (374, 375). Engl. A measure, the dimensions of which are, perhaps, now unknown. Five tandles of shellfish seem to have made an ordinary boatload. This word is spelt ' tendell ' in Liber Horn. tane (723). See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 768, s. v. Taune. tapicer. Fr. A tapiser, or maker of tapestry and carpets. (533, 723, 726, 735, 738.) See Tapi- cerius. tassemaker. Engl. (737.) A maker of tasses ; i.e. leathern purses or pouches.' See Pouche maker. taster. Fr. To taste, to examine or test by tasting. (316, 359.) taunt dementiers. Fr. In the mean while. (110.) tawyer. Engl. A currier, one who taws, or curries, hides. (720, 737.) teile (225), teille (589, 725). Fr. Cloth, teintre. Fr. To dye. (288.) See Teyndre. teise. Fr. A toise. (731.) See Tese, and Teyse. tele. Engl. A teal. (468.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 768, s. v. Tercel. tenseresse. Fr. A scold. (332, 336, 459.) See Contenderesse, and Tenteresse. tensurere. Fr. A brawler, or wrangler. (459.) tenteresse. Fr. A scold. (259.) Perhaps the reading here should be 'tenseresse' or ' tenceresse.' See Tenseresse. tenure. Fr. Tenor, purport. (373.) termier. Fr. A termor, a holder for a term. (293.) terraile (259), terraille (313, 333), terrayle (337). Fr. An open fire-hearth, a reredos. For early instances of the mention of the reredos, see Parker's Glossary of Gothic Architecture, I. pp. 384, 385, and Halliwell's Diet. Arch. p. 678. tese. Fr. A toise. (278.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 770, s. v. Toyse. See Teise, and Teyse. tesmoigne. Fr. Testimony, witness. (426.) test (458), teste (459). Fr. The head. teuler. Fr. A tiler, or bricklayer. See, the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 769. See Tielle, Tiel- lere, Tylere, and Tyulour. texter. Fr. To weave. (725.) See Tister, and Tystre. 364 LIBER ALBUS. teyndre. Fr. To dye. (724,725.) See Teintre. teyntour. Fr. A dyer. (723, 724). teyse. Fr. A toise. (728.) See Teise, and Tese. thewe. Engl. (458,459,602,603). The thew was a kind of pillory used expressly for females ; though in a document, temp. Henry VII., cited by Mr. Way in a Note to Prompt. Parv. p. 282, the 'thewe' is apparently explained as being " scabellum, " vocatum ' a cucking stool.' " It is on this authority, probably, that it is identified with the cucking- stool in Brand's Popular Antiq. m. p. 103 (ed. Ellis). However, we learn from Letter-Book H. ff. 21 and 115, that the thewe was a pillory ('cqllistrigium') used expressly for women ; con sequently, the assertion in the Penny Encyclopcedia, xviii. p. 159, that in the Middle Ages " women were exempted, on ac- " count of their sex, from the " pillory," is incorrect. This word has been said to owe its origin to the A. S. peop, a ' slave,' as having been especially devoted originally to the punishment of that class of persons ; but this assertion is no more than a mere surmise. tholles. Engl. (235.) Tholes, or thole-pins, used for rowing a boat. Such boats in former times were evidently of smaller dimensions than those rowed with rowlocks. See Orlok, and Tholles. thrcsshe. Engl. A thrush. (466.) tie. Fr. (279.) A tier, or breadth, containing a certain number of skins sewed to one another. The more usual forms of this word are ' timbre ' and ' tire ;' but a more common meaning of the latter word, as pointed out by M. Michel in his Recherches sur les Etqffes de Soie, etc. n. pp. 3, 4, is a piece of rich cloth; though in some of the instances cited by him it may possibly mean a ' length,' and no more. According to the Assisa dePond. etMensur. (Stat. Realm, 1810, p. 205), the ' tymbre,' or ' senellio,' of coney-skins and 'gris,' contained 10 or 40 skins, the reading being uncertain. ' Tymbres ' of furs are mentioned in the Wardrobe Accounts of 1483, Antiq. Repert. i. p. 29, et passim. See also Halliwell, Diet. Arch. p. 875, s. v. Timber. See Tire, and Tye. tielle (334), tieule (278), tile (334, 731), tills (337). Fr. A tile, or brick. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 769, s. v. Teuler, and p. 830, s. v. Tegula. See Tyle. tiellere (338), tiller (334). Fr. A tiler, or bricklayer. See Teuler, and Tyulour. Tierce. Fr. The canonical hour of Tierce, nine in the morning. (271.) tile (333), tilx, plur. (333, 367, 371, 372). Fr. Such. tire. Fr. A tier. (280.) See Tie, and Tye. tister. Fr. To weave. (273.) See Texter, and Tystre. tixtwriter. Engl. A writer of ULOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 365 texts, a copyist of manuscripts. (715.) toler. Fr. To toll, to withdraw. (248.) toncer. Fr. (723.) A tonser; a shearman, or shearer of the nap of cloth. See Toundour, and Tonsor. tonel (526), tonelle (267, 526). Fr. A tun, a brewer's vat. Tonelle. Fr. (275, 459, 460.) The Tun, a prison for dissolute persons and nightwalkers, situate upon Cornhill. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 831, s. v. Tonellum. torcenouse. Fr. Tortious, extor tionate. (245, 526.) torcenousement. Fr. Tortiously, unrighteously. (316, 361, 524.) tortenousment. Fr. Tortiously, extortionately. (470.) totes voies. Fr. Always. (291.) See Tout voys. toundour. Fr. A shearman, one who shears the nap of cloth. (724.) See Toncer, and Tonsor. tourbout. Fr. A turbot. (375.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 823, s. v. Rombus, and p. 832, s. v. Turbo. Tourhille. Tower Hill. (555, 585.) tourt (265), tourte (259, 265, 338, 704). Engl. Tourte bread, made of unbolted meal ; in the Assisa Panis, preserved at Guildhall, it is explained as " panis integer." See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 833, s. v. Turtarius. tourt-pestour. Fr. A tourte-baker, or baker of coarse bread. (705.) toutdis (463), toutdiz (228), toutdys (49, 520, 522). Fr. Always. toutefoitz (463), toutfoithes (197), toutfoitz (472, 520, 521), tout foith (400), toutz-foithes (183), toutz-foitz (518). Fr. Always. See Touz voies. tout voys. Fr. Always. (286.) See Totes voies. touz voies (293), touz voiez (281, 295, 368). Fr. Always. See Toutefoitz. towen. Engl. Tow, flax. (459.) traine. Fr. A series. (295.) traventer. Fr. One who lets carts on hire. (565.) trefalde. Engl. Threefold, three times over. (111.) treier. Fr. To try. (295.) treinekes. (346.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 770. See Tryinkes. tresory. Fr. A treasury. (566.) trespace. Fr. An offence. (517.) trespacer. Fr. To offend, to tres pass. (332.) tresze. Fr. Thirteen. (236.) treuz. Fr. Truce, treaty. (420.) treyre. Fr. To draw. (667.) tronage. Fr. (226,245.) Tronage; a customary duty, or toll, payable , on the weighing of goods by the King's tron. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. ,832, s. v. Trona. trone. Fr. (246.) A tron, balance, or beam, for weighing wool and heavy goods. See tho Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 832, s. v. Trona. 366 LIBER ALBUS. tronkes. Fr. plur. Rubbish, chips v of wood. (260.) See Truncs, and Trunci. truncs (288), trunkes (584, 585). Fr. plur. Rubbish, chips of wood. See Tronkes, anATrtinci. trusselle. Fr. A trussel, or package. (237, 246.) tryinkes (456, 514, 515, 577, 608), tryinkys (530). Engl. Trinks; nets, or wears, so called. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 770, s. v. Treinekes. See Tryinkus. turne. Fr. (238.) An earthen ves sel, perhaps a tureen. tut le meyns. Fr. The very least. (271.) tye (719), tyer (719). Fr. A tier, or row. See Tie, and Tire. tyle (259), tyle, plur. (730, 731). Fr. A tile, or brick. See Tielle. tylere. Fr. A tiler, or bricklayer. (729.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 769, s. v. Teuler, and p. 830, s. v. Tegula. See Tielle, Tiellere, Teuler, and Tyulour. tystre. Fr. To weave. (723.) See Texter, and Tister. tyulour. Fr. A tiler, or bricklayer. (86.) See Tiellere, and Teuler. umbraunce. Fr. Shelter. (276, 282.) uncquore (212, 213, 221), unncqore (218). Fr. Still, nevertheless. Upchirche (100). The original name of the Parish church of St. Mary, in Candlewick Ward, in the City ; at a later period cor rupted into ' Abchurch.' The present is not improbably the earliest existing mention of this church. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 693, s. v. Abbe- chirche. Upeland (693), Upelande (695). Engl. Upland, country places. See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 772, s. v. Uplaund. usier. Fr. Use, maintenance. (271.) ustilment. Fr. An utensil. (261.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 773, s. v. Ustilemenz. utlarie (190). Outlawry, loss of the King's protection. A French adaptation of an English word. vadlete (388), vadlette (45, 422, 567). Fr. A vadlet, valect, groom, or serving-man. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 834, s. v. Valettus. See Vallet. valatil. Fr. (238.) The meaning of this word is doubtful, but it not improbably signifies articles of earthenware formed by the potter's wheel. In a document temp. Henry VHI., marked ' Alde- ' boron,' and preserved in the Public Record Office, this word is translated " wild fowl," in the present instance ; the translator having evidently confounded it with the Fr. ' volatil.' The con text, however, will shew that that cannot possibly be the meaning. See Caboche, and Nounper. vallet. Fr. A journeyman, or workman for hire. (723.) See Vadlete. vaquer. Fr. To find time, or lei sure. (516.) GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 367 vee. Fr. Hindrance. (290.) veigle. Fr. (44, 45, 389, 390.) A vigil or eve, a watch. veignir (186), veignire (186), veiner (201). Fr. To come. See Ve- nere. veisin (571, 643, 731), veisyn (337). Fr. A neighbour, neighbouring. See Veysin. vele. Fr. A calf. (712.) Seethe Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 773, s. v. Vel. Venderdy (464), Vendredy (464), Fr. Friday. venere. Fr. To come. (474.) See Veignir. veniaunce. Fr. Vengeance. (640.) verge. Fr. A rod, or standard yard. (278.) As to the King's standard of measurement, see Liber Custum. p. 117, Note. verisemblablement. Fr. Likely, pro bably. (337.) vermaille. See Vyn Vermaille. vermiloun. Fr. Vermilion. (224, 230.) Yernage. Fr. (711.) Wine of Vernaccia, a red Tuscan wine, mentioned by Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 178. For other early mention of this wine, see Crete. verres. Fr. plur. Glaziers. (736.) Probably, for ' verfers.' verray (316), verraye (387). Fr, True, real. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 773, s. v. Ver- raie. verroiement. Fr. Truly. (368.) Vert Cire. Fr. The Green Wax. (318). It was the custom to de liver estreats out of the Exche quer, for fines and amercements, under the seal of that Court, made in green wax ; and the Clerk of the Pipe, by virtue of his office, charged the Sheriffs of Counties with these summonses, and saw that they answered for the pro ceeds thereof in their accounts. The " Green Wax " is mentioned in Stat. 42 Edw. HI. c. 7. s. 9 ; and in documents of the reigns of Edward I. and II. , in Madox, Hist. Excheq. I. p. 354, and n. p. 293. The oppressiveness of the demands made under the Green Wax is thus alluded to in a song of the reign of Edw. I. : — "Yet cometh budeles, with full muche boste, " Greythe me selver to the grene wax ; " Thou art writen y my writ, that thou wel wost." and — "Ther the grene wax us greveth under gore, " That me us honteth ase hound doth the hare." Wright's Political Songs (Camd. Soc), pp. 151, 152. vewe. Fr. View, inspection. (188, 383.) See Vieu. vewer. Fr. To view. (267.) veyl. Fr. Old. (279.) veysin (477), veysyn (313). Fr. A neighbour. See Veisin. viaund. Fr. Provisions, viands. (270.) See Vyaunde. viduer. Fr. A widower. (112.) vieu (571), view (182, 185, 270, 584, 585, 687). Fr. View, sight, per sonal inspection by a jury of the land or thing claimed, and in con troversy. Where a real action 368 LTBER ALBUS. was brought, and the tenant did not known for certain what was in demand, in former times he might pray that the jury might view it. In Stat. Westm. n, sec. 13 (Stat. Realm, 1810, I. p. 95), provision is made in what cases a view of land (visits terra?) is grantable. See Vewe. vile. Fr. A town, or city. (307.) vilenye. Fr. Filth. (335.) ville juggement. Fr. A low, or disparaging, estimate. (272.) Vin Blanc de Gascoigne. Fr. (709, 711.) White Wine of Gascoigne. " White wyn of Oseye (Alsace ?) " and of Gascogne," is mentioned in Piers Plowman, temp. Edward II. White Wine of Gascoigne is also named in the Northumber land Household Booh (date 1512); see Antiq. Repert. iy. p. 32. Un der this name were known the white wines of Preignac, Barsac, and Graves, a gravelly district in the vicinity of Bordeaux. Vin Douce. Fr. Sweet wine (707, 708.) Under this head were classed Malvezie or Malmsey, a Greek wine, Vernage or Vernac- cia, a red Tuscan wine, Crete, Candie (probably a variety of Crete), Provence, Romeney, Tru- bidiane, Mountross, Greek, and Claire. Vin Renois (708), Renoys (709, 710, 711). Fr. Rhenish wine. " Wyne " de Ryne " is mentioned in Colin Blowbolles Testament, an early poem, MS. Rawl. c. 86 ; see the Thornton Romances (Camd. Soc.) p. 301. vinter. Fr. A vintner, or seller ofwine. (708.) Vinterye (463). Vintry Ward, in the City ; so called from the fact of the Bordeaux merchants formerly landing and (after the 28th of Edward I.) cellaring their wines there. vintz. Fr. Twenty. (463.) See Vynt. Viscount. Fr. (43, 44, et passim^) A Sheriff. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 835, s. v. Vice- comes. visere. Fr. A visor, or mask. (644, 645, 673.) visynee. Fr. A vicinage, visnet, venue, or neighbourhood. (185.) vitalle (308), vitayle (527). Fr. Victuals, provisions. vivers. Fr. Victuals. (421.) voidaunce. Fr. Avoidance, nulli fication. (210.) voies, voiez. See Touz voies. voirdit (211, 222), voirdoit (458). Fr. A verdict, a statement as to the truth. volatile (716), volatilie (465). Game. Fr. This word was adopted into early English, as meaning wild fowl, — " And be he " sovereyn to the fischis of the sea, " and to the volatils of hevene," MS. Bodl. 277,— quoted by Hal liwell, Diet. Arch. p. 911. See Valatil. volue. Fr. Value. (496.) voluymo. Fr. A volume. (45.) vouche (183, 292). Fr. One vouched, GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. 369 or called to warranty, in a writ of right ; a vouchee. voucher (183, 186, 292), vouchier (185, 198). Fr. To vouch, to call to warranty in a Writ of Right. vowaunt. Fr. An avowant, one who avows or admits a thing. (188.) See Avower, and Avowrye. vyaunde. Fr. Provisions, viands. (270.) See Viaund. vye. Fr. Life. (332, 336, 495.) vyn (246, 247, 248, 263, 267, 272, 276, 419, 421, 422, 526, 709), vyne (526). Fr. Wine. Vyn Vermaille. Fr. Red wine. (711.) The " Rede wyne of Gas- " coigne " is mentioned in the Northumberland Household Book (date 1512) ; see Antiq. Repert. iv. p. 32. The red wines of the Palus, or district on the banks of the Garonne and Dordogne, are probably meant. See Redding On Wines (3rd edit.), pp. 159- 162. vynt. Fr. Twenty. (506.) See Vinlz. wadmal. Engl. (225, 230.) A thick, coarse, kind of woollen cloth. According to Halliwell, Diet. Arch. p. 912, coarse tow, used by veterinary surgeons for cattle, is still so called. wakerere. Fr. To wander about, to act the vagrant. (259, 338.) wakerant (387, 590, 721), waker- aunt (275, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 645). Fr. Wandering, va grant. Present participle of the VOL. III. preceding verb. Hence, probably, our word ' vagrant.' Walbrok (250, 271, 582, 583), Walbroke (463), Walebroke (57, 104, 105, 110). Wallbrook; the watercourse that ran from Fins bury Moor to the Thames, so called from its running, during part of its course, in the vicinity of London Wall. walet. Fi-. A wallet. (549.) wardein. Fr. A warden. (246.) Wardone (338). Wardon, in Bed fordshire, where a Cistercian Abbey was situate. wast (184, 186), waste (180). Engl. The legal name given to spoil or damage made in houses, woods, lands, or other, tenements, by the tenant for life or years, to the prejudice of the heir, or of him in reversion or remainder. Here upon, the ' Writ of Waste ' was issued for recovery of the thing wasted, and triple damages. See Fitzherbert's New Natura Bre- vium, — ' Writ of Waste.' This Writ was abolished by 3 & 4 William IV. c. 27, s. 36. See the Glossary to Liber Custum., p. 782, s. vv. Annus, dies, etvastum. wastel (704, 705). Wastel bread. See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 837, s. v. Wastellus. waude. Fr. Woad. (422.) See Wede, Weyde, Wisde, and Wysde. wayte. Engl. (646.) A wait ; meaning, in this instance, a watchman, subordinate to each serjeant of the City Gates. See Gayte, Geit, and Geytes. A A 370 LIBER ALBUS. wede. Fr. Woad. (226, 228.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 776, s. v. Weydes. See Waude, Weyde, Wisde, and Wysde. welkbot (343), welkebot (344, 377). Engl. A whelk-boat, or boat for the taking and carriage of welks. welkes (179, 244, 245, 275, 377, 381, 689), welkys (687). Engl. plur. Whelks. Were, A. S. (Ill, 115, 129.) The established price or fine for homi cide ; paid partly to the King for the loss of a subject, partly to the lord whose vassal the person slain was, and partly to the next of kin of the party slain. The Were was an institution of Anglo-Saxon origin; and, as seen in page 111, the price of a man's life in London, in the 13 th cen tury, when not slain from malice prepense, was 100 shillings. See Thorpe's Ancient Laws, and Instit. of England, Glossary, s. v. Wer ; also, Nor ton's Constit. City of London, p. 370. Weschepe (356), Westchepe (233). West Cheap, the present Cheap- side. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 775, s. v. Westchep. Westfistrete. West Fish Street. (380.) Old Fish Street, in the vicinity of the present Doctors' Commons, is meant. The other Fish Street was a continuation of Bridge Street, near London Bridge, the present Fish Street Hill, Lower Thames Street. See Eldefistrate, andOldefisshestrete. wexchaundeler. Engl. (737.) A wax-chandler, or wax-candle maker. weyde (179, 228, 233, 273, 288, 725), weydes, plur. (418, 420). Fr. Woad. See the Glossary to Li ber Custum. p. 776, s. v. Weydes, and p. 838, s. v. Wesda. See Waude, Wede, Wisde, and Wysde. weynscotte. Engl. (238.) Boards of fir or deal, now known as, ' wainscot.' This word has been said to have been borrowed from the early Dutch. In Du Cange, Glossar. (s. v. Waynscots), it is derived from the old German ' wand,' a wall, and ' schotten,' to protect. weyverie. Fr. (190.) Waivery ; the outlawry of a female, or ra ther, what was equivalent to out lawry. A female, with the Anglo- Saxons, having no legal status of her own, upon disobeying a sum mons to appear in a court of jus tice, was deprived of legal pro tection, and was then said to be waived or left derelict. See Wayveria. wisde. Fr. Woad. (228, 723.) See Waude, Wede, Weyde, and Wysde. wodegor (335). If read as one word, this may possibly mean sawdust, or refuse wood. If, on the other hand, it is read as two distinct words, refuse woad (wode) may be meant, and mud, formerly known as 'gor,' from the A. S. gop (see Prompt. Parv. p. 203) ; or possibly ' gorse,' or furze (Prompt. Parv. pp. 162, GLOSSARY OF ANGLO-NORMAN, ETC. :37l 204), used in a dried state for fuel. wodemonger. -Engl. A wood- monger, or seller of wood. (533, 728.) Wolcherchhaw (583), Wolchirchaw (246), Woollechirchawe (246). Woolchurch Haw ; the church yard of St. Mary Woolchurch, where a wool-market was held. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 776, s. v. Wolchirchawe. Wolchirche. Woolchurch. (689.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. _p. 776, s. v. Wolchirchawe, and p. 814, s. vv. Maria de New- cherche. Wolewiche. Woolwich, in Kent. (516.) See Wulwiche. Wolkey (580). Wool Quay, Lower Thames Street; still known by that name. In p. 730 it is called ' Wolwharf.' By Stow (Survey) it is also called " Wool Wharf," or "Customers Key;" i.e. the quay where the Custom-House officers collected the customs. See Wolwharf. Wolsiesgate (242), Wolsyesgate (697). Wolsey's Gate, situate in the Ropery, near the church of Allhallows the Great, in Thames Street. It is called " Wolfe's " Gate" by Stow (Survey, p. 16, ed. Thorns), and " of later time " Wolfes Lane, but now out of " use ; for the lower part was " built on by the Earle of Shrews- " burie, and the other part was " stopped up and built on by the " Chamberlain of London." Wolwharf. Wool Wharf. (730.) See Wolkey. Wulwiche. Woolwich, in Kent. (515.) See Wolewiche. Wympler (97). Engl. A surname derived from an occupation ; a maker of wimples, or coverings for the neck and bosom, coming up to the chin, worn by females, nuns more especially. wyn. Fr. Wine. (226.) Wyncestre. Fr. The city of Win chester. (228.) wyndrawer (526, 533, 706, 711, 735, 736), wynedrawer (706). Engl. A winedrawer; one whose occupation it was to cart tuns and pipes of wines at the wharf, and convey them to the cellars in various parts of the City, See p. 526. Wyre (507). The Wyre, a river rising in the borders of York shire, east of Lancaster, and fall ing into Lancaster Bay. wysde. Fr. Woad. (723, 724, 725 .) See Waude, Wede, Weyde, and Wisde. Wythername (188). The Writ of Withernam ; so called from two A. S. words, piSep and naam, seizure on the other hand. Where a distress was driven out of the County, and the Sheriff, upon a replevin, could not make deliver ance to the party distrained, the Writ of Withernam was directed to the Sheriff, for the taking of as many of the cattle or goods of the person so distraining, until A A 2 372 LIBER ALBUS. he should make restitution of the first distress. See Witherna- mium. ydounkes. Fr. Then. (110.) ycy. Fr. Here. (514.) Yenlande (501). Yantlet Creek. See Zenlade. Yeresgeve (659), Yeresgyve (13S, 140). See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 777, s. v. Yeresgive. See Jeresgive. yssynt. Fr. So. (180.) Yve, Seint. Fr. Saint Ives, in Huntingdonshire. (228.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 778. y voire. Fr. Ivory. (224,230.) Zenlade, la (244). Yenlade ; now known as Yantlet Creek, uniting ' CD the Thames and the Med way ; the Eastern limit of the then civic jurisdiction on the Thames. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 777, s. v. Yan- lade. See Yenlande. zucre. Fr. Sugar. (224.) "In " a Charter of 1380, 'seucarum,' " or ' sucharum,' is called ' can- " ' didum,' ' white ;' and in a " Computus ofthe Dauphin Hum- " bert, A.D. 1333, mention is " made of ' sucre blanc ;' by both " which terms is meant fine sugar. " It was so scarce an article as to " be rarely used, except medi- " cinally. Eustace Deschamps, a " poet, who died about 1420, " reckons it among the expen- " sive articles of housekeeping to " married men. This fine sugar " came from the East, by way of " Alexandria, and was principally " imported into Europe by the " Italians, who had the command " of the Mediterranean."— Le Grand d'Aussy, Vie Privee des Francois, n., pp. 182, 183. LIBER ALBUS. GLOSSARY OF MEDIEVAL LATIN. GLOSSARY OF MEDIEVAL LATIN. abbrocator (493), abrocator (249, 347, 401, 402, 636), abroccator (679), abroctator (143, 152, 158). A broker. See Abrocarius, and Brocarius. abjudicatio. Deprivation by judicial sentence. (575.) abradicare. To pull down. (432.) abrocagium. Brokerage. (706.) See Brocagium. abrocarius. A broker. (250, et pas sim.) See Abbrocator, and Bro carius. abstructio. Obstruction. (70.) abstruere. To bar, to obstruct. (70.) acceptabiliter. Reasonably, accept- ably. (31.) Aeon, Sanctus Thomas de (6, 7). Saint Thomas a Becket was thus called ; from the belief that Aeon, or Acre, in Syria, was captured by the Christians (temp. Richard I.) through his miraculous inter vention. The church here men tioned was situate on the North of Cheapside, on the site now occupied by Mercers' Hall. See Acres. acquietancia. An acquittance. (301, et passim.) acquietare. To acquit. (595.) Acres, Sanctus Thomas de. Saint Thomas of Acre. (7.) See Aeon. ad incisionem. By retail. (674.) See Particulariter. admittere. To assume, to undertake. (30.) advisamentum. Advice. (162). See Avisamentum. advocare. To avow, to acknowledge as one's own. (343, 374, 681.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 781. afforare. To affeer, to assess the price of, to set a value upon. (341, 356, 600, 601.) See Affoerer. afforciare. To force, to compel. (244.) affraium (391, 644, 682, 703), aflrayum (605, 627). An afiray. ala. A hall. (393.) An error, probably, for ' aula.' aldermanneria (107, 562, 563), aldermannerium (102), alder - manria (576). An aldermanry, or ward as governed by an alder man. alienigenus. An alien, one of foreign birth. (660, 738.) allecia. Sing, collective. Herrings. (240.) alligatio. Alliance. (648.) allocatio. Allocation, allowance. (161, et passim.) 176 LIBER ALBUS. almerium. An almery, aumbry, or cupboard. (326.) See Parker's Glossary of Gothic Architecture, i. pp. 10-12. See Arcus. aluta. Leather tawed, or dressed, with alum. (550, 603). Classical. alutarius. A tawyer of leather, a shoemaker. (533, 620, 646, 654, 732, 733, 735.) See Megucarius. amerciare. To amerce. (562, 660.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 694, s. v. Amerciement. Andreas, Vicus Sancti (94). St. Andrew's Street; probably, the locality now known as St. An drew's Hill, Doctors' Commons. anelacius (85). An anelace ; a knife, or dagger, worn in the girdle at the side. The word ' anelace ' is used by Chaucer, and we learn from Matthew Paris thai priests were forbidden to wear it. In the present instance, we find a vicar of St. Paul's slaying a deacon with such a weapon. angelus (29). An acolyte, or other official of the church, arrayed as an angel. This censing by an angel from aloft was a not uncommon practice on great occasions ; for example, on the visit of Henry V. to St. Paul's after the battle of Agincourt, described by Elmham in his Liber Metricus (Memorials of Henry V), p. 129,— " Angelus a celso thurificando venit." antecessor. An ancestor. (448.) For a more unusual meaning of this word, see the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 782. Antonii, Ecclesia Sancti (242). The church of St. Antony, or Antonine, now Antholin, Budge Row, in the City. See Antonini. Antonii, Hospitale Sancti (591). The Hospital of St. Antony, Thread needle Street. As to the immu nities here referred to, as enjoyed by the swine of this hospital, or of those who rented the privilege of keeping them, see the Introduction to Liber Albus, p. xlii., and Stow's Survey. Antonini, Ecclesia Sancti. The church of St. Antony, or Antonine. (697.) See Antonii, Ecclesia Sancti. appenticium. A penthouse, or pentice. (69, 252, 259, 271, 288, 336, 348, 432, 531, 584.) See Appentice, Pentis, and Penticium. appreciare (121, 188, 407, 656), appretiare (491, 492). To ap praise, to set a price on. appreciator. An appraiser. (76,121, 348, 407, 408, 656.) apprenticialitas. An apprenticeship. (665, 666.) apprenticius. SeeLegis apprenticius. arcus (322). An arch in a partition wall; in this case, used as an almery, aumbry, or cupboard. See Almerium, and Assidere. arcus de petra. A petronel, or stone-bow. (251.) See Arc-a- perre and Stanboghe. arestare. To seize, to arrest. (160, 415, 417, 501, 615, 636, 651.) See Arrester. arestatio. Arrest. (416.) See Arrestum. GLOSSARY OF MEDIAEVAL LATIN. 377 armatura (630, 653), armaturaa, plur. (625). Armour. armilausa (609). A cloak ; in general, as worn by military men, but in the present instance, as worn by the aldermen. Classical. armurarius. An armourer. (533, 653, 654, 733, 735.) arraiamentum. Array, or arrange ment. (37.) arraiare. To array, to put in order, to prepare. (647,651.) arraniare (444). To proffer. It seems not improbable, however, that 'arramare' is the correct reading. arreragium. Arrears. (468, 469.) artificium. A handicraft. (734.) asiamentum. Easement. (393.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 781, s. v. Aisiamentum. assaium. Assay, trial. (340, 351, 352, 353,. 358, 362, 723.) assaltus propensatus. Assault pre pense, or of aforethought. (114.) assidere (322). To set ; as ap plied to an arch in a wall. See Arcus. assignamentum. An assignment. (592.) assignatio. A meeting by appoint ment, a conventicle. (641.) assoniare. (326.) To essoign ; i.e. to put in a legal excuse for non- attendance. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 723, s. v. Es soyne. attachiamentum. Attachment. (406.) attachiare (82, et passim). To attach. Persons attached on sus picion were allowed to go at large during the interval before trial, upon surety or bail. On commission of a murder by a per son unknown, it was" the usage to attach all persons in the imme diate neighbourhood, as a matter of course. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 697, s. v. Attacker. attincta. Attaint. (349, 438, 441, 442,443,665.) attinctus. Attainted. (174.) atya. Spite, hatred. (103.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 783, s. v. Atyiee. Audomarus, Sanctus. Saint Omer, in Picardy. (535.) Aula Teontonicorum (243). The Guildhall of the Teutonics, or Hanse Merchants, in Dowgate. See Herbert's Hist, of the Twelve Livery Companies, I. pp. 10-15 ; also, Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 807, s. v. Hansa. aurum Reginas. Queen's gold. (620, 623, 625.) See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 784. auxionator. An auctioneer. (38.) aventuras quasrere. (629.) To go in quest of adventures ; i.e. to frequent jousts, tilts, and tourna ments. avisamentum. Advice. (173, 392.) See Advisamentum. bajulatio. A carrying, or bearing. (629.) ballium. Bail. (92, 94.) balneare. To bathe. (579.) bannire. To put under a ban, to banish. (632.) 378 LIBER ALBUS. banum. A bane, or cause of death. (98.) From the A. S. bana. bai-bitonsor. A barber, a dresser of the beard. (250, 533, 654, 714, 735.) barellus. A barrel. (334, 532, 698, 702.) barganeum (396, 397, 398, 399). A bargain. bargea (652, 653), bargia (636). A barge. Baro. A Baron. (15, 33, 51, 53, 54, 55, 77, 81, 82.) As to the application of this term to the Aldermen and more opulent citi zens of London, see the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 785, s. v. Barones. Barra Novi Templi. The Bar of the New Temple. (300.) The locality now known as " Temple " Bar," separating the liberties of the City from the County. Barrae Suburbiorum. The Bars of the Suburbs. (697.) Possibly, those in Holborn and Smithfield, and the Bar of the New Temple, may be meant. Barrum Suburbii. The Bar of the Suburb. (242.) Under this name the Bar of the New Temple is probably meant. baselardus. (607.) A baselard ; a long dagger, or short sword, sus pended from the girdle, and worn by civilians, and even priests ; which later fact is alluded to, in terms of reprehension, in Piers Plowman. See Prompt. Parv. p. 25, and Way's Note; also, Halliwell's Diet. Arch. p. 147. basena. Bazen, or basil, sheepskin prepared as leather. (550.) batella. A boat. (251.) See Ba- tellus. batellarius. A boatman. (251, 277.) batellus (415, 416, 578), battellus (375, 578). A boat. See Ba tella. bativa. Battery, beating. (98.) batura. Battery, assault by beat ing. (56, 91, 103, 104.) Bellum (96). Probably, Battle in Sussex. Beverlacum (77). Beverley, in the East Riding of Yorkshire. The " Provost of Beverley " was superior of the College, or Monas tery, of St. John the Baptist there. bigamus. A bigamist. (543.) For the Statute " De Bigamis " here mentioned, see the Stat. Realm (1810), i. pp. 42, 43. biletus (569). A billet, or small note. The word is still used in the same sense, in reference to providing quarters for those en gaged in the public service. bissus. Brown. (350, 356.) Ap plied to bread, this means (ac cording to a Note in the Assisa Panis, temp, Edward I., pre served at Guildhall) bread of ' trait,' or ' trete,' made wholly of meal; while 'tourte bread' was made of unbolted meal, or meal mixed with flour. See Bis. bladarius. A corndealer, or blader. (250, 270, 454, 460, 532, 692, 693, 694, 734.) See Blader. bladum, Corn, wheat. (432, et ) GLOSSARY OF MEDIEVAL LATIN. 379 botellarius. A bottle-maker. (737.) botellus. A botel, or bundle. (721.) Bothulphi (551), Botulphi (405, 551), Nundinae Sancti. The Fair of St. Botolph's Town, or Boston, in Lincolnshire. See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 734, s. v. Hoilonde. braciare. To brew. (702.) braciator (38, 242, 249, 251, 266, 276, 342, 355, 692, 699, 700, 701, 702), brasiator (532, 607, 698, 701). A brewer. braciatrix. A brewster ; a female who brews and sells ale. (341, 342, 355.) bracinea. See Domus bracinea. bracium (454), braseum . (601, 604, 629, 693), brasium (178, 179, 348, 460, 532, 692, 693, 698, 700, 702, 734). Barley for malting, ¦¦ malt. braelli. BreeGhes. (600). See Braeller. > brasilium. Brasil. (674). See Brasil. Brigidae Sanctas, Ecclesia (96, 634, 635), Parochia (34). The church, and Parish, of Saint Brigid, or Bride, in the liberties of the City of London. brocagium. Brokerage. (401, 402.) See Abrocagium, brocarius. A broker. (396, 397, 399.) See Abbrocator, and Abro carius. bultellus. A bultel, boulter, or boulting-sieve, for meal. (353). See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 789. bunda. A boundary, or limit. (243, 244, 682.) burdeare. To tilt, to engage in mock combat. (629.) Burdegalia (632), Burdegallia (540). Bordeaux. burellarius (724, 726, 738). A bureller. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 789. burgagium (191, 193). Burgage ; tenure of houses in cities or boroughs by a rent certain ; a species of tenure in socage. burgaria (35, 562, 634). Burglary. bui-gimagister. A burgomaster, or chief of a borough. (616). bursa (600), bursum (602, 605). A purse, or pouch. bursarius. A pouch-maker. (737.) See Pouchemaker,' and Tasse- maker. bussellus (242, 243, 468, 619, 688, 697), busshellus (243, 244). A bushel. calcarius. A spurrier. (654, 737.) calcetum. Lime. (729). caldo. The entrails, or chaudron. (375.) See Chaundoun. Calesia. Calais. (616, 628, 649, 651.) calumnia (347, 567, 656, 674, 683), calumnium (569). A claim, chal lenge. calumniatio. Right of claim, or challenge. (407.) cambiator. An exchanger. (575.) cambium. An exchange (574, 575). Exchange (616). Campania. Champagne. (551.) cancella, A chancel. (582.) candelarius. A chandler, or candle- maker. (736.) 380 LIBER ALBUS. canellus. The kennel of a street. (249.) See Canele, and Chanel. canevacea (625), canevacium (615, 726). Canvas. cantaria. A chantry. (446, 450, 451, 530, 552, 553, 619.) Cape (292, 668). Procedure at common law by the ancient Writ of Cape ad valentiam. See Graunt Cape, and Petit Cape. Capella super Pontem (373). The Chapel on the Bridge ; meaning that dedicated to St. Thomas on London Bridge. See the Intro duction to Liber Custum. pp. cii., ciii. capellanus. A chaplain. (552.) capias (199, 202). A Writ or pro cess of two kinds, one of which is the "Capias adrespondendum," be fore judgment, for the purpose of taking the defendant, and making him answer the plantiff; the other, a Writ of execution, after judgment, being of divers kinds, as " Capias ad satisfaciendum," " Capias utlagatum," etc. capo. A capon. (601.) See Caupo. cappa. A cap. (56, 607.) cappus. A cap. (610). captor. A taker, or collector, of dues in the King's behalf. (161, 169, 620, 621.) carbonarius. A coalman. (533, 728.) carcare. To load. (239, 710.) cardo (615, 622). A thistle, used for carding wool. They are ex tensively grown for this purpose in some parts of England and in Belgium ; the cards of iron used for the purpose being found less advantageous. According to Stow ( Survey), a large piece of land in Bishopsgate, called "Tasel Close," was planted with the thistles, known as ' tassels ' (or teasels), for the use of the clothworkers. See Cardmahers. carecta (239, et passim), carectus (376,732). A cart. See Karecta. cariagium (697), carriagium (600). Cartage. cariare. To carry. (243, 490, 631.) caristare. To make dear, to enhanco the price of. (601, 622.) caristia. Dearness, highness of price. (600, 631, 698.) carpentura. Carpenters' work. (334.) Cathalonia. Catalonia, in Spain. (540.) Caturcinium. Quercy, in the South of France. (540.) caupo. A capon. (606.) See Capo, cedere. To tend to. (620.) cementarius. A mason. (532, 654, 685, 731.) See Cimentarius. eepa (736). Tallow ; perhaps, soap. cereum. A wax candle. (737.) cerura. A fastening. (569.) See Serura. Cessavit (184). The name of a Writ which lay (by Stat. Glou cester, 6 Edward I. c. 4, and 2 Westm. 13 Edw. I. cc. 21, 41), when a man who held land by rent or other services, ceased to perform his services for two years together ; or where a religious house neglected to perform some spiritual service incumbent upon it as holding certain lands. See Fitzherbert's GLOSSARY OF MEDIAEVAL LATIN. 381 Neio Natura Brevium. This Writ was abolished by 3 & 4 William IV. c. 27, s. 36. chalones, plur. (600). Shalloons, used as counterpanes ; so called from Chalons sur Marne. See Chalons. charettarius. A carter. (735.) See Charetter. chevanoia (371, 396, 397, 636, 683), chevantia (343). A business transaction, contract, accommoda tion, loan granted. ' Chevancia 'mala.' (683). Extortion. See Chevance, and Mala chevancia. chevisare. To obtain by agreement. (396.) See Chevisance. cimentarins. A mason. (252, 257). See Cementarius. cipha (238, 239, 244), ciphe (244). A ciphe, or measure containing five quarters. In a somewhat similar passage in Liber Horn this word is rendered ' sife ;' the origin, perhaps, of our present word ' sieve,' as meaning a mea sure. As to the possible origin of the word, which is perhaps allied with the words ' cifatum ' and ' ciffata ' (Du Cange, Glossar.), see the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 792, s. v. Civeria. cirotecaa. plur. Gloves. (600.) cirotecarius. A glover. (737.) " Circumspecte agatis " (547). " Act " circumspectly," about the Bishop of Norwich and his clergy. The title of an Ordinance, admitting that the King's prohibition does not lie in matters spiritual. See the Stat. Realm (1810), vol. I. cissor. A tailor. (533, 536, 727, 735.) claa (703), claia (355), claya (162, 249,691,703). A hurdle. See Claie, and Cleya. clamivus. An accuser. (75, 113, 115.) clamor. Challenge. (358.) clausula, licet (163, 165, 170, 537, 660). A clause of licet ; meaning a clause by virtue whereof rights were saved, although the party might theretofore have neglected fully to use or enjoy the same. clausura. Enclosure, a charge levied for enclosing land. (541.) claviger (25, 26). A mace-bearer. By Charter granted 28th Ed ward III., it was allowed that the serjeants-at-mace of the City of London might thenceforth bear maces of gold or silver, or plated with silver, garnished with the royal, or other, arms. See Com munis Serviens ad clavam, and Serviens ad clavam. cleya (579). A hurdle ; probably, a number of stakes fastened to gether, and sunk in the bed of the river. See Claie, and Claa. cloca. A cloak. (609, 680.) coctio. A baking. (353.) cognitio. A recognizance. (339.) cognoscere. To admit, to acknow ledge. (101, 108, 469, 666, 670.) Cokettus (569). A cocket. See Coket, and Kokettus. collecta. A collection. (123.) coUistrigium. A stretch-neck, or pillory. (600, 601, 602, 603, 606, 382 LIBER ALBUS. 607, 608, 703, 711, 715.) See Thewe. Colonenses. The people of Cologne. (241, 535). Colonia. The City of Cologne. (627.) communiarius. A commoner. (658, 664, 673, 680, 683.) Communis Bancus. (25.) The Com mon Bench, or Bank. The for mer name of the Court of Com mon Pleas. Communis Narrator. The Common Countor, or Pleader. (254, 310.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 714, s. v. Countour. Communis Serviens ad arma. (254, 310.) The Common Serjeant-at- arms ; identical with the Com mon Crier, of the City. See Liber Albus, p. 49. communis serviens ad clavam. A common serjeant-at-mace. (563.) See Claviger, and Serviens ad clavam. comparticeps. A fellow-partner. (476.) compistor. A fellow-baker. (358.) Completorium (28). Complin, or complines, also known as " Second " Vespers," the last of the canoni cal hours for common prayer ; from 7 to 9 in the evening. computabilis. Relating to account. (638.) Computatorium. A Sheriff's Comp ter, or Counter. (174, 177, 178, 678.) See Countour. concernere. To concern. (386.) confortare. To comfort. (638.) conqusestor. A conqueror. (13.) consilium. Counsel. (114.) A tech nical name for the time given to the accused for preparing his defence. contraiare. To oppose, to be in arms against. (613, 648, 649.) contrarotulus. A counter-roll. (253.) contrarotulator. A controller. (638.) controfactor. A counterfeiter. (609.) controfactus. Counterfeit. (573, 604, 605, 609, 711, 715.) copia. A copy. (81.) corbellus. A corbel. (256, 325, 326.) corda arcua. A bowstring. (608.) Corderia (242). The Ropery, situate in the Parish of Allhallows the Great, Thames Street, in the City. coriarius. A currier. (533, 719, 720.) cornarius. A horner ; a maker of articles of horn. (738.) corporaliter jurare (125, 126). To make corporal oath : which is commonly explained as being an oath made while touching the cor porate, or cloth that covered the sacred elements. In Du Cange, however ( Glossar. s. v. Juramen- turn), a corporal oath is said to be an oath made while touching, or looking upon, the Holy Gospels, the emblem of the Cross, or the relics of Saints. correctarius. A corrector, or li censed broker. (396, 397, 399, 589.) See Correcter. costagium. Cost. (555, 568.) See Custagium. coster a (578). The water-side. The locality in Southwark here men- GLOSSARY OF MEDIAEVAL LATIN. 383 tioned is still known as the 'Bank- ' side.' costera maris. The sea-coast. (500.) covina. Covin, companionship. (605, 646, 648.) creancia (341, 357). Credit. The Fr. word ' creance ' was employed in this sense in early English. — " general acquytaunce " To every penytent in ful creance." Rom. of the Monk, Sion Coll. MS., as quoted by Halliwell, Diet. Arch. p. 278. crocardus. A crocard. (573.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 715, s. v. Crocard. Crucis Sanctae Fratres (556). The Brethren of the Holy Cross. The house of the Crossed, or Crouched (Crutched)Friars, formerly situate in Aldgate, is here alluded to ; founded about A.D. 1298. See Newcourt's Repertorium, I. p. 328. See Fratres Sanctae Crucis. crudus. Undyed. (603.) cultellarius. A cutler. (654, 735.) cuppebondi (609). Cup-bonds, or cup-hands ; braces made of metal on which masers and handled cups were strung. In the present instance, they were of plated cop per, sold as genuine silver. custagium. Cost. (595.) See Cos- tagium. custodia. A wardship. (634.) custuma. Custom, duty. (141, et passim. custumare. To pay custom. (550, 624, 691.) custumarius. A customer, or col lector of the customs. (531, 617, 638.) custus. Cost, expenses. (321, 322, 327, 647.) De Angulo (87). A surname, pro bably the same as in old English " atte Cornere," and in old French " del Angle." de bene esse. For what it may be worth, without prejudice. (14.) de male veniendo (411). For illness on the way ; the name of the commonest essoin, or legal excuse on part of the defendant for non- attendance. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 723, s. v. Es soyne. De Mortuo Mari (624). De Morte- mer ; the surname of a once powerful family, derived from the "Morte Mer," or Dead Sea, a small lake in Normandy. de Participatione facienda (184, 189). The name of the Writ of Partition ; that lay for those who held lands or tenements undivi- dedly, for the purpose of allotting to each his distinct part. See Fitzherbert's New Natura Bre- vium. This Writ was abolished by 3 & 4 William IV. c. 27. s. 36. de Servitiis et Consuetudinibus (62). A Writ of Services and Customs ; being a Writ of right close, which lay against a tenant who had deforced his lord of the rent or service due to him. See Fitzherbert's New Natura Bre- vium. This Writ was abolished by 3 & 4 WUliam IV. c. 27. s. 36. deaforestare. To disafforest, deaffo- rest, or discharge from the opera- 381. LIBER ALBUS. tion of the Forest Laws. (136, 140, 149.) dearestare. To liberate from sei zure, or arrest. (541, 634.) debata (651), debatum (391, 392, 649). Debate, dispute, strife. deducere. To treat, to deal with. (161, 168, 662.) defendere. In former legal parlance, to defend, i.e. to deny. (94, 98, 106, 107, 300, 304, 430, 437.) defensio. A prohibition. (489.) deforcians (109). A disseisor or intruder, known in ancient law as a ' deforceor,' or ' deforciant.' depauperatio. Impoverishment. (491.) dictum. An award. (545.) dimissor. A lessor. (178.) Dimidia Prima. (693). Half Prime ; probably half-past six in the morning ; or, if Prime is consi dered to extend to nine o'clock, half-past seven. discarcare. To discharge, to un load. (580.) disponere de statu suo (31). This probably means, "to make ar rangements as to his private " affairs." disrationare (103, et passim), dis- rationare se (129, el passim). To deraign. Seethe Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 798. See Derener. disrobbare. To rob, to spoil, to plunder. (620, 628, 671.) disseisire. To disseise, to dispos sess. (114, 447, 448.) disseisitor. A disseisor, one who dispossesses another of land. (75, 114.) i districtio. Distraint, distress. (542.) dominicum. A demesne. (679.) dominicus. See Panis dominicus. domus (323, 556, 557). An upper room or rooms, as distinguished from the rooms below ; the same as the ' solarium,' of page 323. In pp. 556, 557, the upper rooms above the Gates of Cripplegate and Ludgate are meant. See further as to this meaning of the word ' domus,' in the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 799. domus bracinea. Abrewhouse. (11.) dorserium. A dosser, or dorser. See Dosser, and Dossarium. dossarium (689), dosserium (689), dossorium (343, 375.) A dorser, or basket adapted for carriage on the back ; hence, formerly called a ' dosser.' In the Ordinances and Regulations of the Royal Household (1790), p. 143, a ' dorser ' is explained, as in the present instances, to be a fish- basket. See Dosser. Duiacum. Douay, in France. (534, 535.) Dunewicum. Dunwich, in Suffolk. (538.) duodena. The twelve-men, a name given to a jury. (672.) Egidii Sancti Hospitale (542). The Hospital of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, founded by Matilda, queen of Henry I., about A.D. 1117, for the reception of Lepers. See Newcourt's Repertorium,!. p.61 1 . ejectio. Jettison. (490,491,656.) Elegit. " He has chosen." (610.) GLOSSARY OF MEDIEVAL LATIN. 385 A Writ of execution, so called as chosen by the plaintiff, directing the Sheriff to make execution in a certain manner. Elenas Sanctaa [Prioratus]. The Priory of Saint Helen's, Bishops gate. (555.) This was a house of Black Nuns, founded probably about A.D. 1212. See New- court's Repertorium, I. p. 364. escaetor. An escheator. (160, et passim.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 800, s. v. Es- caeta. For the Statute " of Es- " cheators," mentioned in p. 544, see the Stat. Realm (1810), i. pp. 142, 143. escaetria. The ofiice of escheator, an escheatorship. (6, 145, 168.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 800, s. v. Escaeta. escapium. Escape. (160, 661.) essonia. An essoin, a legal excuse proffered by the defendant for non-attendance in court. (546, 670.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 723, s. v. Essoyne. essoniabilis. Liable to be essoined, or excused from further atten dance. (92.) essoniator(63, 64, 68, 530, 570, 571). An essoiner ; one who makes le gal excuse or essoin for non- attendance of the defendant, and supports it in Court. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 697, s. v. Assoignour, and p. 723, s. v. Essoyne. Estsexia. Essex. (30.) Estsexiensis. A native of Essex. (645.) VOL. III. ethimologizacio (7), ethimologizatio (32). Etymology. e versus aquae. A water-course. (455, 473.) Ex Gravi Querela (184). The Writ of " Grievous Complaint,'' which lay where a man was seised of lands or tenements in any city or borough ; such lands being de visable by will, time out of mind. If one having lands or tenements there, devised those lands or tene ments to another in fee simple, or in fee tail, he to whom the devise was made, had this Writ to en force execution of the devise. Excommunicatio Major (125). Ma jor Excommunication ; i.e. sever ance from all communication with the faithful, and from participa tion in the Sacraments of the Church. executio. Executorship. (204.) exennium. A gift. (593, 595, 596. 597, 616.) exigendas (614), exigendum (85, 173). Exigent ; summons to ap pear in answer to an accusation. See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 801, s. v. Exigenda. exitus. Issues. (485.) extenta. Extent, or valuation of real property. (546.) See Ex tent. extractio. Estreat. (685.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 801, s. v. Extracta. extricare. To narrow, to restrict. (255, 322.) B B 386 LIBER ALBUS. factum. A deed, or written instru ment. (8, 339.) feodi firma (191, 193), feodum fir- mas (572). Fee farm. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 802, s. v. Firma. feodum. A fee, payment, or remu neration. (10, 11, 47, 236, 559, 563, 564, 620.) A tenement. (252.) feoffatus (545). One enfeoffed, a feoffee, a tenant. For the Statute " De Conjunctim Feoffatis " here mentioned, see the Stat. Realm (1810), i. pp. 145-147. feoffator. A feoffor, one who enfeoffs. (447, 448.) ferramentum. An iron tire, or strake for wheels. (729.) See Strika. ferratus. Shod, or fitted, with iron. (729.) ferreus (732). Shod with iron. ferronarius. An ironmonger, or blacksmith. (554.) feugera(341), feugeria (356). Fern. Fidis Sanctas Parochia (556). The Parish of St. Faith in Cryptis, in the Crypt under the Choir of St. Paul's ; or, as it was commonly called, " inthe Crowds." After the Great Fire of London, the Parish of St. Faith was annexed by Act of Parliament to that of St. Austin. See Newcourt's Reper- torium, I. p. 349. finem facere. To make fine ; i.e. to pay a fine. (399.) finis. A final agreement. (487.) firmaculum. A buckle. (299,602.) firmarius. A fermor, farmer, or renter. (670, 696.) Fleta. The Fleet River. (583.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 726, s. v. Flete. Folkesmotum. The Folkmote. (86, 118.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 726, s. v. Folkesmot. forestallamentum. Forestalment. (193.) See Foristalria, Forstal- lagium, and Forstallatio. forinseca acquietancia (209). An acquittance made in a foreign county ; i.e. elsewhere than in the City. forinsecum attachiamentum (175, 207). Foreign attachment ; i.e. seizure, or attachment, of debts due to a person from third parties, strangers to the suit. forinsecus. A foreigner ; i.e. one not a citizen, or freeman of the City. (63.) foristalria. Forestalment. (250.) See Forestallamentum, Forstal- lagium, and Forstallatio. forstallagium. Forestalment. (533, 706.) See Forestallamentum, Foristalria, ahd Forstallatio. forstallare (576, 693), forstallare forum (344), forstalliare (717). To forestal, to forestal the market. forstallatio. Forstalment. (600.) See Forestallamentum, Foristalria, and Forstallagium. forstallator. A forestaller. (249, 263, 545, 688, 692, 717.) forstallor. A forestaller. (600, 617.) fortunium (54). A lucky event, a good hap ; the converse of infor tunium. fossatum (530, et passim), fossatus (616). A foss, or ditch. GLOSSARY OF MEDIEVAL LATIN. 387 fraellatus. Packed in frails, or bas kets. (240.) SeeFreelle. Francigenis. A Frenchman. (649.) francum bancum (68, 347, 393, 671, 680). Free bench ; the estate in Copyhold lands which the wife has for dower on the death of her husband, according to the custom of the manor. francum pleggium (73), francum plegium (38, et passim), francus plegius (99). Frankpledge. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 727, s. v. Fraunkeplegge. For the Statute "Visus Franci Plegii," mentioned in p. 545, see the Stat. Realm (1810), i. pp. 146, 147. Fratres Minores (698). The Con vent of the Friars Minors, or Franciscan Friars, on the site of the present Christ's Hospital and Christ Church, Newgate Street. Fratres Militias Templi Salamonis. The Brethren of the Knighthood of the Temple of Solomon ; the Knights Templars. (535.) Fratres Pcenitentias (534). The Brethren ofthe Penance — of Jesus Christ ; also known as " Fratres " de Sacco," or " Fratres Saccati." They were a body of Friars, an offshoot of the AugUstinians, who abstained from wine and flesh, and, according to Matthew Paris, were introduced into England in the year 1257. The Order was sup pressed by the General Council of Lyons, of 1274, all the other Men dicant Orders being similarly sup pressed, except four ; but this order was not acted upon in Eng land until A.D. 1307. For fur ther particulars as to this Order, and its houses in various parts of England, the reader may consult articles in Notes and Queries, 2nd Ser. x. pp. 68, 131 ; also, New- court's Repertorium, i. pp. 515, 516. Fratres Praadicatores. The Friars Preachers, Dominicans, or Black, Friars. (76, 127, 554, 619, 622, 713.) In the last four instances the locality now known as " Black " Friars " is meant. See Frere Prechours. Fratres Sanctaa Crucis (628). The Brethren of the Holy Cross ; i.e. the Crutched Friars ; their house being situate in the locality now known by that name, in Aldgate. See Crucis Sanctae Fratres. fretta (491, 492), frettum (656). Freight, money paid for the car riage of goods. frisca forcia. Fresh-force. (569.) See Fressheforce,. and Novel Disseisine. Friscobaldi (541, 618). A wealthy company of merchants so called;, established at Florence. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 728, s. v. Friscombaud. fugare. To drive, as a cart. (349, 453.) fullare (723), fullire (723, 738). To full cloths. furinare (356). To heat an oven. Query if not ' furniare.' furratura. A trimming of fur. (35.) furratus. Trimmed with fur. (609.) furratus. Coated with bran, made in B B 2 388 LIBER ALBUS. part of bran. (341,356,702.) See Furre. furrura. Fur. (533, 603, 604, 719, 720.) fustotinctus (674), ' pannus ' under stood. Cloth dyed with (young) fustic. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 728, s. v. Fustayn. Gaivelettum. Gavelet. (172.) See Gavelettum. galeya. A galley. (592.) garbelagium (736). The garbelage of groceries and other commodi ties. The duty ofthe Garbler was to see that all drugs and groceries were duly garbled (i.e. picked) and cleansed before sale. garcio (11, 72, 73, 89, 97, 98, 254, 319), garco (319). A serving man, lad, or groom. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 803. See Garson. Garderoba. The Wardrobe. (616.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 804. gardianus. A warden. (253.) Gardemotum. A Wardmote. (251.) gardinum. A garden. (554, 555, 556, 558.) garlandus. (600). A crown, circlet or chaplet, for the head, made of gold or silver. As to the garlands worn by the Masters and Wardens of the City Companies, see the Introduction to Liber Custuma rum, p. liv. garrulatrix. A scold. (257.) gaugeare. To gauge. (707,709,710, 711.) gaugeatio. A gauging. (533, 706.) gaugetum. Gauget, custom levied for the gauging of wine. (627.) The place or office of gauger. (710.) Gavelettum (468, 544), Gaveletum (64, 468), Gaverletum (62). The Writ of Gavelet. For the Statute " De Gaveletto," mentioned in p. 544, see the Stat. Realm (1810) i. p. 222. See Gavelett. Gernemuta. Yarmouth, in Norfolk. (376.) See Gernemue, and Jerne- muta. geticium (584), getticium (250, 531, 584). A jetee. In page 252, ' gettis ' is probably an error for ' getticiis.' See Gete. Gihalda. A Guildhall. (19, 399, 445.) See Gilda Aula, Gildaula, Guihalda,Gyaula, and Gyhalda. Gilda Aula. A Guildhall. (300.) See Gihalda. Gilda Telaria. The Weavers' Guild. (134.) As to this passage, see the Introduction to Liber Custu marum, pp. lxii., lxiii. Gildaula. A Guildhall. (350, 436, 437.) See Gihalda. Gippewicum. Ipswich, in Suffolk. (535, 539.) grocerius (736), grossarius (686, 736). A grocer. See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 730, s. v. Grossour. grossus. Large. (651, 713.) gubernacula. plur. Rigging. (491.) guerra. (78, et passim.) War, war fare. In p. 78 that of King John with the Barons is alluded to. See Gwerra. GLOSSARY OF MEDIAEVAL LATIN. 389 guerrinus. Of, or pertaining to, war. (532, 646, 653.) Guihalda(173, 361,461), Guyhalda (6, et passim), Guyhalde (468). A Guildhall. See Gihalda. gurges. A wear. (503.) gurgitum. A wear. (503.) guttera. A gutter, a water-course. (241, 252, 288, 531, 584.) Guyhalda Colonensium (241). The Guildhall of the Cologne Merchants. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. s. vv. Gihalda Colonensium, and Introduction to Liber Custum. p. xli. See Deneis. gwerra. War. (592.) See Guerra. Gyaula. A Guildhall. (404.) See Gihalda. Gyhalda. A Guildhall. (20, 338, 446, 453, 490.) See Gihalda. Gylda. A Guild. (529, 535.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 804, s. v. Gilda. haddocus. A haddock. (376.) Halimotum (343, 344, 356, 373, 376, 690), Hahnotum (344, 373, 374, 704). A Hallmote. See Halimot. Hansa (456, et passim). A Hanse. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 807. heremitagium. A hermitage, or cell. (552, 554, 555.) Herfordia (648, 649). Hereford. Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford, is the personage here alluded to. hernesiare. To harness, decorate, or set off. (604.) hernesium. Harness, armour for man and horse. (303.) As to the signification of the word ' hernays,' see Hearne's Glossary to Langtoft's Chronicle, p. 585. heura (607). A hure, or rough, shaggy, cap. See Hurarius. hobelarius (65). A hobeler ; a light-armed soldier, who rode a horse called a ' hobby.' honestus. Proper for the occasion, becoming. (35.) Honor Pevrel. (118.) The Honour of Pevrel ; a name given to cer tain lands in various parts of the kingdom, which had once be longed to the noble family of Peverel, and had escheated to the crown. honorifice. As a mark of honour. (29.) Hosebundria (546). Husbandry. The name of a book on that sub ject ; supposed by some to have been written by Robert Grosteste, Bishop of Lincoln. It is to be found in ff. 158-174 of Liber Horn. hospes. A host, or hosteler. (720.) A guest. (720, 722, 735.) hospitare. To build. (255, 321, 322, 323, 329, 331.) To provide lodgings for, to entertain as a guest, to harbour, house, or stow away. (303, 345, 376, 481, 635, 712, 720, 721.) hospitator. A hosteler, herber geour, or lodging-house keeper. (143, 158, 455, 476, 720.) hospitatio. A harbouring. (487.) hostellarius (38, 267), hostillarius. 390 LIBER ALBUS. (249, 250, 346, 533, 673, 722, 735). A hosteler, or keeper of a hostel or inn. See Hostelle, hostiarius. An usher. (670.) hurarius. A hurer, hurrer, or maker of hures, rough, shaggy, caps, so called. (533, 654, 727, 735.) See Hurer, and Heura. hurdicium. A hoard, or enclosure of boards or other materials. (455.) See Hurdis. huseria. A doorway. (255, 322.) ignitegium. The curfew-bell. (251, 600, 641.) See Coverfeu. illuminator (714, 735). A limner, or illuminator of manuscripts. See Lymnour. imaginarius (84). An image- maker. From the works of John of Salisbury and Peter of Blois, we learn that certain persons who were supposed to make images for magical purposes were thus called. in grosso. In gross, wholesale. (249, 721.) in misericordia (79, 95, 343, 373, 377, 413, 496). At the mercy of; i.e. liable to an arbitrary mulct, or amercement, of a less severe nature than a fine. See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 694, s. v. Amerciement. See Misericordia. inbreviare. To put in writing, to brief. (404.) infortunium. Misadventure, in law. (11, et passim.) See Fortunium. ingenium. An engine. (504.) Inga (100, 101). Possibly, this name may be 'Juga,' and not ' Inga;' as the same manuscriptal characters stand for either. ingrossator. An engrosser, or dealer in gross or wholesale, (631,) intendens. Obedient to. (560.) interesse. A duty incumbent on (9); apparently, an unusual mean- • ing of the word. interessens, Being present. (9.) intratio. Entry, enrolment. (402.) intromissio. Intervention. (397.). intromittere se. (77, 397.) To in terfere, to intermeddle. A similar mode of expression was employed in early English. — "No foreyn " shall entermet hym in the for- " said Cite."— Old Translation of the Charter of Richard III. to the Fishmongers' Company, Herbert's Hist. Twelve Livery Companies, n. p. 22. inutilis. Harmful. (503.) Isolda (100, 101). From a com parison of these two pages, it would seem that ' Isolda ' and ' Isabella ' were different forms of the same name. It may also be added that, from the Liber de Antiq. Legibus (Camd. Soc.), p. 18, we learn that Isolda de Tateshale, here mentioned, at a succeeding Iter made her law, or, in other words, underwent her trial, with 36 jurors or compur gators, and was acquitted. Janua. Genoa. (627, 630.) Januensis. A native of Genoa, Genoese. (540, 627, 630, 633, 637.) Jernemuta. Yarmouth, in Norfolk. GLOSSARY OF MEDIAEVAL LATIN. 391 (490.) See Gernemue, and Ger- nemuta. jocalia. Jewels, valuables. (574, 597.) Joceus (99, 100), Josceus(101, 107, 108). Joce, or Josce, the mediaeval form of the name ' Joseph.' Judaismus (99). A Judaeism, or Jewry. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 810, s. v- Judaismus. jurata. A jury. (304, et passim.) jurgatrix. A common scold. (603.) justa (629), justea (625). A joust, or jousting ; 'a single combat in a tournament. justiciare (76, 656), justisare (641). To render amenable to justice. Kalendarium (24). In this instance, probably the Martyrology is meant. kaium. A quay. (555.) See Kaya. Kancia. Kent. (545, 649.) Kanciani. Natives of Kent. (645.) karecta. A cart. (376.) See Carecta. Karliolensis. Of Carlisle. (547.) For the Statute here mentioned, see the Statutes of the Realm (1810), vol. i. kaya (344, 709), kayum (373, 377, 553, 554, 555, 559, 582, 621). A quay. See Kaium. Kayum Jordani. Jordan's Quay. (373.) See Koy. Kayum Sancti Botulphi. Saint Botolph's Wharf. (553,554,555.) SeeBotulf, Wharf de Seynt. kidellus (131, et passim), kydellus (497, et passim). A kidel. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 810, s. v. Kidellus, and p. 811, s. v. Kydellus. knipulus (86), knypufos (93, 95, 99). A knife. Knuto. King Cnut, or Canute. (546.) kokettus. A cocket, or seal. (76, 121). See Coket, and Cokettus. labilitas. Fallibility, instability. (3.) laborarius. A labourer. (334, 547.) laborator. A labourer. (735.) lacum (118). Lack; the sum in which the taxes were found to be deficient when weighed in the Exchequer. See Madox, Hist. Excheq. i. pp. 281, 283, 288. lagemannus (8, 33). A lawman, or judge. See Du Cange, Glossar. s. v. Lagamannus, and the Glos sary to Thorpe's Ancient Laws and Instit. of England, s. vv. Lahman, — Lagemannus. Laghelmotus. A Law Hallmote. (373). See Lagehalimotz, and Lawehalymoz. Lamburga. Limburg, or Limbourg, in Holland. (612.) See Lem- bourk. lanlordus. A landlord. (220.) See Landlorde. lardinarius. A larderer, or keeper of the larder. (620.) lastagium (130, 659). Lastage. See Lestagium. lathamus (533), lathomus (728, 735), latomus (320, 455). A stone mason. legare. To bequeath, to devise. 392 LIBER ALBUS. (108, 552, 583, 630, 661, 684, 685.) legator. A devisor. (450.) legatum. A bequest or legacy, a devise. (108, 450, 530, 532, 552.) legem facere (58, 203). To make one's law ; i. e. to undergo trial by oath of compurgators or jurors, a panel of whom was called ' lex,' a law ; whieh name was also given to this mode of trial or purgation. The Magna Lex, or " Great Law," with 36 compurga tors, is described in page 57 ; the LexMedia,or "Middle Law,"with 18 compurgators, in page 58 ; and the Lex Tertia, or "Third Law," with six compurgators, in pp. 58, 59. See Lex. legis apprenticius (38, 42). Alearner- at-law, or apprentice-at-law ; a barrister under sixteen years' standing. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 696, s. v. Ap- prenliz, and p. 714, s. v. Countour. lestagium. Lastage. (129.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 812. See Lastagium. leuca. A mile. (147, 162.) levatio. Levy. (531.) lex (92, 104, 105). The law ; a technical name given to a set of jurors or compurgators, who were to pronounce on oath as to the innocence of the accused ; 36, 18, or 6 in number, as the case might be. See Legem facere, Manus, and Purgatio. libor (24). The Book of the Evan gelists, or Gospels is probably alluded to. libera petra. Freestone. (322.) liberata. Livery. (8, 26, 27, 28.) So called from its being 'de- 'livered,' or given out, to the retainers of the great. liberatio. A livery, or delivery, of a thing. (164, 305, 485.) libertas (137, 165). Liberty; meaning the privilege of Soke, or exclusive jurisdiction, preserved by royal favour to the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's. liberum foraneum (76, 116). A liberty out of the jurisdiction ; to all appearance, another name for a Soke. In no other instance, perhaps, is this term to be met with. liberum maritagium (684). Free marriage; property given " in free " marriage " went to the husband or wife, whichever might be the survivor, with full right of dispo sal thereof. librata. A librate, one pound in value. (191, 192.) licet. See Clausula, licet. ligeantia. Breach of allegiance. (644.) ligeus. A liege subject. (467.) linea tela. Linen cloth. (726.) See Lienge teille. lineatus (43). Lined, probably with silk, though linen might be meant. Indeed, it is from the early usage of covering the inside of garments with linen that our term ' lining ' is derived. littera curialis. Court-hand. (533, 714, 735.) loquendae. Points lo be discussed. GLOSSARY OF MEDIEVAL LATIN. 393 (291.) The technical name for points reserved by the Court for future consideration. See Lo- quendes. lorimarius. A lorimer. (736.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 739, s. vv. Lorein and Lormerie, and p. 812, s. v. Lorimarius. Lotheria. Lorraine. (614.) Lotrica. Lorraine. (612.) Lottum et Scottum (142, et passim). See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 812. See Schot et Loth. Luca (539), Luka (539). Lucca, in Italy. Lucani. The people of Lucca, the Lucchese. (637.) macuellus. A club, or mace. (640.) See Masstcellus. madera. Madder. (171.) masremium. Timber. (618.) See Meremium. mahemium (56). Mayhem; the maiming of a limb necessary for defence in fight. See Mahaym. mala chevancia. Malchevance, ex tortion. (532, 604.) See Che vancia. male credere. To hold in suspicion. (83, 86, 89, 102.) mallium. The mesh of a net. (385, 386.) Mandatum Apostolicum (124). Al lusion is probably made to the Bull issued by Pope Clement V. against the Templars, August 1308. mantargiurn. A towel. (358.) manucapere (173, et passim). To give mainprise, or security. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 813. manucaptio (157, et passim). Main prise. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 813. manucaptor. A mainpernor, or bail ; one who gives mainprise. (174, et passim.) See Mainpernour. j nianuopus (666, 670). A mainour ; i.e. a thing stolen aud found in i the hand of the thief, or ' hand- ' habende.' See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 813, s. v. Manu- opera. j manus(91, 112). A hand ; a tech- j nical name given to a juror or compurgator, brought into Court to make oath as to the innocence of the accused. See Mayn, Legem facere, and Lex. manutentor. A maintainer of liti gation. (346, 605, 682.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 81 3, j s. vv. Manutenere and Manuten tor. marescallus. A farrier, or shoeing smith. (533, 733, 735.) Marias Beatae extra Bysshoppesgate, Hospitale ( 728) . The hospital of St. Mary of Bethlehem (corrupted in the 14th century to ' Bedlem') in Moorfields ; founded by Simon FitzMary, one of the Sheriffs of London, A.D. 1246. See New- court's Repertorium, p. 464, and Dugdale's Monasticon, n. p. 381. See Bedleem, Bethdelem, and Novum Hospitale, etc. niarinarius. A mariner, or sailor. (656.) 394 LIBER ALBUS. marinus. A mariner, or sailor. (651, 653.) maserus. A mazer, or cup of maslin or mixed metal. (604.) See Halliwell Diet. Arch. p. 543, s. v. Maselin. See Mazerus. massuellus. A club, or mace. (703.) See Masuele, and Macuellus. Matutinum (715). The canonical time of Matins. Matin prayers were read at three in the morning ; but the period of Matins extended from midnight to three o'clock. mazerus. A mazer. (606.) See Maserus. Medelanensis. A native of Milan. (637.) megucarius (737). A white tawyer; one who taws, or tans, skins with alum. The " White Tawyers " are alluded to in the Statuta Wallice, 12 Edward I. c. 4. (Stat. Realm, 1810, i. p. 57). " De Whitauwariis, " scilicet qui coria bovina et " equina albificant." See Alu- tarius. melleta. Medley; an affray without malice prepense. (69.) memoriter. By way of memorial. (55.) mendicus (608) . A proctor, or col lector of alms ; in the present in stance, for the Hospital of St. Mary of Bethlehem. mensurarius. A meter, or measurer. (243, 244, 589.) mensurator. A meter, or measurer. (242, 243, 244.) mercatorium. A market. (353.) mercerius (589, 686), mercerus (621). A mercer. meremium. Timber. (432, 555.) See Mceremium. merlingus. A merling, or whiting. (374.) See Merling. mesterum. A trade, or mystery (391.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 815, s. v. Mestera-. See Mistera. Michael ad Bladum, Sanctus (30), Michaelis atte Corne, Parochia Sancti (431). The church and Parish of St. Michael le Quern, at the Western entrance of Cheapside. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 815. miles. A Knight, in contradistinc tion to an Esquire. (38, 190, 191, 192.) milwellus. A melwel. (240.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 816, s. v. Mulvellus. See Melvelle, and Mulvel. Minorissae. (554.) The Minoresses, Cordeliers, or Nuns of St. Clare ; whose Abbey here alluded to, as being situate without Aldgate, was founded by Edmund, Earl of Lancaster, brother of Edward I., in the year 1293. From it the ' present Minories has its name. misa. Charge, outlay. (568.) miscuatus. Mixed. (711.) misericordia (133), misericordia pe cuniae (133, 135, 139). An amercement in money. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 694, s. v. Amerciement. See In mise ricordia. mistera (344, et passim), misterum (347, et passim). A trade, or mys tery. See the Glossary to Liber GLOSSARY OF MEDIEVAL LATIN. 395 p. 815, s. v. Mestera. See Mesterum. molatio. Multure, payment for grinding corn. (340, 341, 354, 691.) monetarius. A moneyer. (301, et passim.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 815. monialis. A nun. (611.) Monasterium. Munster, the capital of Westphalia. (486.) Mora (553, 554, 555, 558). The Moor, of Finsbury ; from which the present Moorfields has its name. See More, le. Morori (540). A society of Italian merchants, so called. Mortis Antecessoris placitum (404). A plea of Mort d' Ancestor. See Mort dauncestre. mulvellus. A melwel. (241, 343, 374, 375, 376.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 816. See Melvelle, Mulvel, and Milwellus. muragium. Murage. (141, et pas sim.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 816. murdrum. A tax levied on a vill or hundred, for the escape of a murderer therefrom. (128, et pas sim.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 816. namium. A naam, or distress. (131, et passim.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 816. See Naymes, and Neyme. narrator. A pleader, or countor. (21, 22, 530, 570, 571.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 714. s. v. Countour. nativus. A serf, or bondman. (452, 610, 681.) navata. A boatload. (721.) Nicholai Sancti Monasterium. (100.) The Monastery of Saint Nicholas. It seems most pro bable that the Monastery of the Grey Friars, near the Church of St. Nicholas, Aldersgate, at the Flesh-shambles, is meant. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 817. nodulus. A button. (604.) Nona. (718, 719.) None, from about 3 p.m. to Vespers, about 4 P.M. Nova Disseisina. Novel Disseisin- (173, 195, 347, 404, 677.) See Fressheforce, Novel Disseisine, and Frisca forcia. Novum Hospitale extra Bisshopis- gate (582). This "New Hos- " pital without Bishopsgate " is probably the same as that of St. Mary Bethlehem or ' Bedlem.' See Bedleem, Bethdelem, and Marice Beatae etc. objectum. A charge. (55.) obligatio. A bond. (177, et passim.) " Obligatio de duplo." A bond with a double penalty.(175.) " Obligatio " simplex." A bond in the single, i.e. with a single penalty. (175.) See Obligacioun etc. Octabae. The Octave, or Octaves. (104, 365, 412, 439, 567.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 843. occasionare. To molest, or harass, by legal proceedings. (60, 161, 169.) 396 LIBER ALBUS. officium. A trade. (495.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 817. officialis. (85, 88.) An official ; in this instance, the official of the Archdeacon of London. This name was given to a lawyer whom the Archdeacon substi tuted for himself in the execution of his jurisdiction, and who acted as judge of the Archdeacon's Court. onerare. To charge, to enjoin. (25.) operabilia. Handicrafts. (495.) operarius. A workman, a labourer. (244, 320, 621, 731.) Ordinationes (125). Reference is here made to the Ordinances for the better government of the realm, exacted by the nobles from Edward II. As to these Ordi nances and the Ordainers, see Liber Custum. pp. 200, 202, 682- 690. Ordinationes de Itinere. Ordinances of the Eyre, or Iter. (60.) The ancient title of a book, of the time of Edward I. or IL, now known as " Liber Ordinationum" at Guildhall, where it is pre served. ordolaium. Ordeal. (546.) Ostensio. Scavage, or Showage. (547.) See Seawage. ossamenta. Bones. (552, 558.) ostiarius (53, 77). An usher, or doorkeeper ; the form of the word in the original being ' hostiarius.' Paganus (83). The mediaeval Christian name, ' Payen.' panellare (398). To empanel ; to put in writing the names of jurors. panellum (431, 442). A panel; i.e. a paper (or perhaps originally, a board), on which the names of jurors were written. panerium. (455, 467, 468), paneriua (688). A basket, in the present instances, for the carriage of fish. See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 818, s. v. Panerius. Sec Panier. panis bissus (350, 356). Brown bread. See the Assisa Panis, of the time of Edward I., preserved at Guildhall, in initio. See Bissus. panis dominicus (353, 703). Pain demesne, or bread of our Lord ; so called from the figure of' our Saviour imprinted upon it ; the same as the bread called ' artoco- ' pus,' which, in the Assisa Panis, preserved at Guildhall, is identi fied with simnel bread. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 782, s. vv. Artocopi panis. panis equinus. Horse bread. (533.) See Payn pur chivalx. panis levatus (350). Light-bread. In the Assisa Panis, preserved at Guildhall, this is identified with cocket bread, which was inferior to wastel bread. It cannot be the same as the "panis levis" of p. 353, French, or puff, bread, which, in quality, is there mentioned as being equal to wastel bread. GLOSSARY OF MEDIAEVAL LATIN. 3.97 See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 793, s. vv. Cokettus, panis. panna (322, 326, 327). Squared timber ; meaning, in this instance, either the joists for flooring, or the wood for the superstructure and roof. pannarius (194, et passim). A draper, or clothier. As to the indiscriminate use of these terms in early times, see Herbert's Hist. of the Twelve Livery Companies, I. p. 394. pars. A party to a suit. (404, 410, 431, 448.) particulariter. By retail. (671.) See Ad incisionem. partior. To leaVe. (5.) Parva Hengham (546). A treatise by Ralph de Hengham, Chief Jus tice temp. Edward I. ; who wrote the Summa Magna and Summa Parva, treating of Essoins and Defaults in Writs of Right, As size, Dower, etc. passagium (650,651). A passing over. passagium. Passage. (129, 541.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 819. pastellarius. A pasteler, or pie- baker. (533, 715, 735.) See Pas teler. pastum. Dough. (162, 602.) patria (398). The country ; i.e. a jury, as representing the country. pausa (258). A barrel, or other vessel, for holding water. See Koove. pavagium (141, et passim). Pavage. See the Glossary to Liber Cus- j turn. p. 819. pavare. To pave. (729.) pavator. A pavior. (251,729.) Pavimentum (349). The Pavement, near the church of St. Michael le Quern, at the West end of Cheap ; where a corn-market was held. pecia (558), pecium (630). A piece. peletarius. A pelterer, or preparer of pelts or skins. (433.) See Pele- ter. pellis lanuta. Awoolfel. (251,636.) penticium. A pentice, or penthouse. (666.) See Appentice, Pentis, and Appenticium. penulatus. Edged, or trimmed, with fur. (43.) Per quas Servitia (684). A judicial Writ which lay for the cognisee of a manor, seigniory, chief rent, or other services, to compel him who was tenant of the land, at the time of the note of the fine levied, to attorn to him. This Writ was abolished by 3 & 4 William IV. c. 27. s. 36. perdonare sectam. To waive one's trial. (96.) perdonatio. Pardon. (538, 562, 619, 620, 638.) peregrinus. A pilgrim. (629, 630, 631.) persona. A parson. (583, 685.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 819. pertica. (349, 453). An ale-stake, or ale-pole ; a pole projecting from the side of an inn or tavern. See Perche. Peruchia. Perugia, in Italy. (539.) Petri de Westchepe, Ecclesia Sancti (558). The church of St. Peter, 398 LIBER ALBUS. West Cheap. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 819, pica. A peck, in measure. (601.) pilare. To pile, to drive piles into. (580.) pilloria'(604, 607, 609, 715), piloria (715). The pillory. pillorium (599, 601, 602, 603, 604, 605, 606, 607, 608), pilorium (608). The pillory. pilus. A stake. (579.) pinaculum. A pinnacle, turret, or elevated wing of a building. (686.) piperarius. A pepperer. (589, 736.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 819. Piscenaria. Old Fish Street. (376.) See Eldefistrate. pistare. To bake. (349, 350.) placea. A place ; meaning, a piece or plot of ground. (469, 470, 553, 554, 557, 558, 654, 713.) "Placea " terrae." Apiece, or plot, ofground. (538, 542, 554, 555, 556, 713.) placia. A castle, or fortified place. (127.) placitator. A pleader. (455.) pleggagium (52), plegiagium (113, 677). Suretyship. pleggius (358), plegius (116, 326, 405, 567, 677). A pledge, or surety. plegiatio. Suretyship. (76, 115.) plegium. Suretyship. (89.) plumbum. An article made of lead. (680.) poletria. Poultry. (250.) See Pulle- tria. pollardus. A pollard. (573s 574, 575.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. pp. 751, 752, s.v. Pollard. ponderatio. Pesage. (226.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 819, s. v. Pesagium. See Peisage. pondus. A pound for cattle. (355.) pontagium. Pontage. (141, et pas sim.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 820. portagium. Porterage. (l79, 697.) portator. A porter. (532.) See Por- titor. Portegalensis. A native of Portugal. (720.) portegravius (4), portgravius (13). A portreve, or principal man of a city ; from the A.S. popt, ' city,' and gepepa 'principal officer,' or ' reve.' portitor. A porter. (377, 692, 708, 734.) Classical. See Portator. Portsocha (132), Portsoka (130, et passim). The Portsoken. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 821, s. v. Portesoka. potellus. A pottle. (601, 699.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 821. pottarius (738). A potter ; in this instance, a maker of metal pots and cups for drinking. praepositus. A provost. (77.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 821. prassentamentum. A presentment. (573, 628, 696.) praesentator. A presenter; one who makes presentment. (54, 60.) praestitum. A loan. (592.) Prima. The canonical hour of Prime. (250, 715.) See Pryme. prisa. Prise, or prisage. (138, et passim.) For the Statute "De " Prisis " mentioned in p. 545, see GLOSSARY OF MEDLEVAL LATIN. 399 the Statutes ofthe Realm (1810), i. pp. 154-156. See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 821. See Prys, prisona. A prisoner. (614.) proficium. Profit. (41.) pronoba (257, 454), pronuba (332, 454, 608). In classical Latin the word " pronuba " signifies a " bridesmaid ;" but in mediaeval language it has degenerated to the meaning of " procuress." In the Nominate ofthe 15th Century (Wright's Vol. Vocab. p. 217) this word is translated " a bawds- " trott " (i.e~. a woman who trots about on bawds' errands) ; and it is similarly rendered " a baudes- " trot " and " bawdetrot " in the Royal MSS. (French) 521 and 7692. In the Pictorial Vocab. of the 15th Century (Wright, p..269) this is corrupted into "a baw- " strop," the writer evidently not understanding the word. In old English, an old woman was called "a trot," contemptuously, " This lere I learned of a beldame trot." — Affectionate Shepherd, 1594. prorogatio temporis. Lapse of time. (362.) prothOnotator. A prothonotary, or chief notary of proceedings in a Court of Justice. (53.) providentiae. plur. Provisions, victuals. (615, 634.) puletarius (620, 621), pulletarius (252, 455, 533, 715> 735). A poulterer. puUetria (533, 455, 602, 715, 717), pultria (600). Poultry. See Poletria. purgatio (91). Trial, purgation, or the clearing one's self from an accusation by the oath of jurors or compurgators. See Legem facere, and Lex. purgator. A compurgator on oath, orjuror. (92.) purprestura. A purpresture. (117, et passim.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 822. Quare ejecit [intra terminum] (293). A Writ which lay where the wrongdoer or ejector was not him self in possession of the lands, but another claiming under him ; as where a man leased lands to another for years, and then en tered and made a feoffment in fee of the same lands to a stranger, or for life. See Fitzherbert's New Natura Rrevium. quarta (602), quartus (699). A quart measure. quassatus. Crushed. (104.) Quid juris clamat (184); The name of a judicial Writ which lay, be fore a fine was engrossed, for the grantee of a reversion or remain der, where the particular tenant refused to attorn. This Writ has been disused since 4 & 5 Anne, c. 16. s. 9. quieta-clamantia. Quit-claim. (299.) quietus. Acquitted. (87 ', et passim.) quindena. A quinzisme, or quin- zaine. (63, 257, 327, 328, 330.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 822. 400 LIBER ALBUS. Quo Warranto (544, 670). See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 822. rastrator. A raker. (258.) See Rakyer. rayus. A ray, the fish so called. (375.) See Raie. rebelliare. To rebel against. (605.) receptamentum. A harbouring. (90.) receptator. A harbourer, or receiver. (118.) Recepti Officiarus (35). Official of the Receipts ; probably, Receiver of the Fines, or Receiver of the King's Rents. recognitio. A recognizance. (92, et passim.) recognoscere. To make recogni zance. (437.) Recordator. A Recorder. (43.) Recordatorium (61). From the words " Legum," or else " Regum " Antiq." faintly interlined (see p. 61, Note 3) this would seem to be the same work, a portion of which is now bound up with the Guild hall Liber Custumarum; another portion being contained in the Cottonian Manuscript, Claudius D. n., in the British Museum. See the Introduction to the printed Liber Custum. p. 11 et seq. rectare. To charge, to accuse. (90, 113, 677.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 758, s. v. Retter. See Rettare. regratarius. A regrator, or retail dealer. (715.) See Regratier. regraterissa. A regratress, or fe male retail dealer. (341, 342, 357, 358.) See Regrateresce. regrator. A regrator, or retail dealer. (249, etpassim.) relaxatio. A release. (209, 535.) relevium (547). A relief; a sum of money certain, which the tenant, holding by knight-service, grand serjeanty, or other tenure, and being at full age at the death of his ancestor, paid to his lord on his entrance. religio. An order of religion. (124.) Renesia. The wine country ad joining the river Rhine. (711.) Replegiare (184, 213, 214). The Writ of Replevin, or re-delivery of pledges, brought by one whose chattels are distrained by another person, on surety given to the Sheriff to prosecute or answer the action at law. See Fitzher bert's New Natura Brevium. — " Writ de Replegiare de Averiis." replegiatio. Bail by sureties. (75, 113.) res subtiles. Fine goods. (224.) See Solil. rescussus. Rescue. (638.) See Rescous. rescussus. Rescued. (619.) respecta (89), respectus (161, 665). Respite. " Ponere in re- " specta" (89)— "in respectu." (665). To defer, to postpone, to put in respite. resummonere. Tore-summon. (413.) retallia. Retail. (344, 493, 636, 679.) retallum. Retail. (250.) retondarius. A clipper of the coin. (118.) GLOSSARY OF MEDIEVAL LATIN. 401 retonsor. A * clipper of the coin. (80.) retornabilis. Returnable. (365.) retornare (347, 365, 438, 442, 679), retournare (404). To return. rettare. To accuse. (112.) See Rectare. » retornum (404), returnum (189, ' et passim). A return. roberia (114), roberium (632). Robbery. Roffa. The city of Rochester. (618.) Roffenses. The people of Rochester. (539.) saisina. Seisin, absolute possession of land. (65.) Salopia. Salop, or Shrewsbury. (548.) salsarium (601). A salser ; a dry measure, the capacity of which seems to be now unknown. Not improbably, it was so called from being originally used for salt. Salvator Sanctus. The church of Saint Saviour, otherwise Saint Mary Overy, in Southwark. (99.) Scabinus. An Echevin, or superior officer of a city in France and Flanders. (615, 616.) See Es- kevyn. scantilo. Scantling, pattern, dimen sions. (729.) See Escantilon. Scawanga (223), Scawangia (178, 179, 230), Scawynga (241). Sca vage. See Scawage. schopa. A shop. (322.) Scire facias (172, et passim). A judicial Writ calling on the de fendant to make known why VOL. III. execution of judgment passed shall not be made. scutifer. A shield-bearer, or esquire. (35.) secta (8, 27, 28, 561, 562). secta vestium (29). Suit of dress. Originally applied to liveries worn by retainers of the great ; all the habiliments being of the colour adopted by the superior, and so ' suiting ' or ' following ' one another in that respect. secta (397,469). Suit: explained in p. 469 as meaning a set of wit nesses in favour of a party to a suit. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 825. sedilium. A seat. (59.) selda. A seld, or shed, for the storing of merchandize. (53,241.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 825. See Selde, and Sende. Senensis. A Sienese, or native of Siena, in Tuscany. (637.) Senescallus (145, et passim), Senes- challus (301). A Seneschal, or steward. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 826, s. v. Senes- calcia. sequestrum. Sequestration. (76; 202, 407, 600, 656.) sequi versus. To prosecute, to fol low suit against. (90.) serjantia (79). A serjeanty ; i.e. a tenure under the sovereign by performance of certain services. serura. A fastening, by lock or bolt. (120, 121, 366, 407.) See Ce- rura. c c 402 LIBER ALBUS. serviens ad arma. A serjeant-at- arms. (26.) serviens ad clavam. A serjeant-at- mace. (563). As to this office, see Norton's Constit. City of London, pp. 433, 434, 471, 472. See Claviger, and Communis Ser viens ad Clavam. serviens hospitator (303). A ser- jeant-harbinger, or harbourer ; servant to the Marshal, as pro vider of lodgings for the royal household. servitium (62, 64). Rent service ; the service to the superior lord implied by the payment of rent. severunda (255, 327, 329), seve- rundas (323). The eaves of a house. It is translated, ' eveses ' in the Treatise of Walter de Bibblesworth (p. 166 Wright's Vol. Vocab.). Hence the word ' serundel,' of like meaning, in early English. sigillarius. A sealer ; an officer whose duty it is to affix the seal. (725.) signum. A stamp, or seal. (38.) singulus. Single, not lined. (680.) sirurgicus. A surgeon. (654.) skirima. Fencing. (250.) See Eskermerye. soca (72, 85, 374), socnum (64). A soke, manor, or place of inde pendent jurisdiction. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 467, s. v. Sokne. See Soka. socagium. Socage tenure. (547.) socnum. See Soca. soka (129, 240, 241, 468, 679), sokna (64). A soke. See Soca. sokemannus. A sokereve. (69.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 764, s. v. Sokeman. See Sokerevus. sokerevus (64, 531, 610), soke- revvus (468). A sokereve, or collector of rents for the supe rior lord of a soke ; the same as the ' sokeman ' of Liber Custum. p. 150. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 764, s. v. Soke man. See Sokemannus, solemnis (52). It is difficult to say whether this word, as applied to an individual, means merely re spectable, or of serious habits. solium. A solar, or upper storey, of a house (53.) sortilegium. Soothsaying, divina tion by drawing lots. (606.) sotularia. plur. Shoes. (550, 602, 603, 733.) A corruption of the more nearly classical ' ' sub- ' talaria.' Speculum (61). The Mirror; the name of a book formerly in the possession of the City of Lon don. It is probably the same that is mentioned in the will of Andrew Horn under the name of " Speculum Justic." — ' Mirror of 'Justices,' as being left by him to the City ; see Introduction to Liber Custumarum, p. x. The only MS. copy of this work of Horn now known to exist, is in the Parker Collection, at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. sprottus. A sprat. (374.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 827. GLOSSARY OF MEDIAEVAL LATIN. 403 stagiunj. A storey of a house. (470, 618, 632, 667.) stagneria. A stannary. (587.) gtalla (553, 556, 558, 690), stallum (258, 531, 671, 689), stallus (584). A stall. stapula. A staple, or market. (547, 611, 613, 614, 618. 622, 629, 632, 636.) See Norton's Constit. City of London, pp. 242, 244. static A stall. (557.) Statuti Mercatoris Sigillum (24), Statutum Mercatorium (610, 611). By the Statutes Merchant (Acton Burnel, 11 Edw. I. and Stat, de Mercatoribus, 13 Edw. I. Stat. 3) it was enacted that the merchant shall cause his debtor to appear hefore the Mayor of London or other city or town, and there acknowledge the debt by recognizance, which is to be enrolled ; the roll to be in dupli cate, one part to remain with the Mayor, the other with the clerk appointed by the King ; the bond or obligation being sealed with the debtor's seal and that ofthe King, which is to remain in the custody of the Mayor. Statutum Stapulae (611). A Statute Staple ; a bond of record, acknow ledged before the Mayor of the Staple, whether at Calais, Ant werp, and other places abroad, or at London, Westminster Hall, and elsewhere in England. stillatio. A fall, or dropping, of water. (257.) stillicidium. A rain-gutter. (257, 320, 321, 322, 323, 327, 329,331, 332, 531, 584.) strandagium. Strandage ; money paid for liberty to take the ground at low water. (240.) See Es- traundage, and Strandage. stricum (242), strikum (697). A strike, or strickle. See Strik. strika. The strake, or tire, of a wheel. (729.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 829, s. v. Stracus. See Ferramentum. sturio. A sturgeon. (345.) See Sturioun. subalternus. Subordinate. (12.) In the use of this word in the present instance, allusion is probably made to some few occasions, when a War den was appointed by the King to govern the City, without the Mayor being deposed from his office. subductura (35). It seems diffi cult to say whether this means a lining throughout, or a mere trimming at the edge ; most pro bably, the latter. Subvicecomes. An Under-Sheriff. (530, 577.) summonire. To summon. (601.) Super Ossamenta Mortuorum (552, 558). The name of a Chapel built "on the Bones of the Dead," adjoining the Cloisters, in St. Paul's Churchyard. Supersedeas. A Writ enjoining a surcease, or stay, of proceedings. (650.) supersedere. " To surcease. (408.) supertunica (56). A surcoat ; pro bably, a kind of tabard. sursumredditio. A surrender. (557.) C C 2 404 LIBER ALBUS. syrografum. A chirograph. (488.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 792, s. v. Chirographum. tabellionatus. The office of notary public. (616.) tabern arius. A taverner, or keeper of a tavern. (453, 706, 707, 710, 711.) tailliator. A tailor. (105.) tallagium (531, 540, 575, 594, 595), talliagium (575, 593, 594). Tal lage. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 829. tallia. A tally, for keeping accounts. (214, 253.) See Taille. talliare. To tax, or tallage. (593, 671, 679.) tannare. To tan. (602, 604.) tapicerium. Tapestry. (603.) tapicerius. A tapiser. (654.) See Tapicer. tegulator. A tiler, or bricklayer. (252, 258, 629, 731.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 769, s. v. Teuler. See Teuler. telarius. A webster, or weaver. (533, et passim.) See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. pp. 830, 831. terminarius. A termor. (678.) Teontonici (243), Teutonici (542), Theotonici (535, 542, 614), Theu- thonici (614). Teutonics, or Ger mans. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 830, s. v. Teotonici. theoloneum (132, et passim), theo- lonium (129, et passim). Toll. See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 831. thesauria (35). A treasury. On the occasion here alluded to, Wal ter de Wenlock, Abbot of West minster, with eighty ofthe monks, was committed to the Tower, on the charge of stealing the King's property, to the amount of £ 100,000. Twelve of them were kept in prison for two years with out trial, but were at last released. See the Croniques de London (Camd. Sqc), p. 29. thollEe (375), thollia (239). Thole pins for a boat. See Tholles. tollagium. Tollage; illegal toll ex torted by violence. (115.) tolta (56). Rapine, extortion, a wrongful taking away of property; also known in ancient law as ' maltolt.' tonellus. A brewer's vat. (699.) Tonellus. The Tun, on Cornhill. (162, 601, 603, 655, 715.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 831. tonsor. A tonser, or shearman ; one who shears the nap of cloth. (533, 725, 726.) See Toncer, and Toundour. torchea. A torch ; a twisted candle, or taper, of wax, usually of large dimensions. (601, 737.) torneamentum (544). A tourna ment. For the Statute " of Arms in " Tournaments " here mentioned, see the Stat. Realm (1810), i. pp. 230, 231. See Turneamen- tum. tourneare. To tourney, or hold a tournament. (629.) GLOSSARY OF MEDIAEVAL LATIN. 405 tractus. (243.) A haul ; from the vessel, probably, that lay at the wharf, laden with salt. treugae. A truce. (532, 639, 644, 645, 646.) triare (398). To select. Said in reference to jurors. Trinovantum (497). London. A name first mentioned by Beda as given to a city near the Thames, supposed to be London. See Luddesden. trona (138, 586, 588, 634). A tron, balance, or beam. See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 832. tronagium (178). Tronage ; pay ment made for the weighing of wool or other coarse goods, by the King's tron, or beam. See Tronage. tronator (588, 633). A keeper of the tron. trunci. Chips, rubbish. (584.) See Tronkes, and Truncs. tryinkus. A trink, a net or wear so called. (497, 577.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 770, s. v. Treinekes. See Tryinkes. turnarius. A turner. (735.) turneamentum. A tournament. (625.) See Torneamentum. turtus. Tourte bread, or bread of unbolted meal. (532, 702, 703.) See Tourt. tyna. (582.) A large tub ; iden tified with a ' cowle,' in Prompt. Parv. p. 97, which formerly meant (and still does in Essex, according to Mr. Way) a large tub. Kennett (Glossary) sup poses the word ' cowle' to be de rived from' cucula,' a vessel shaped like a boat. In a MS. Diet., A.D. 1540, quoted by Halliwell, Diet. Arch. p. 700, a " saa or " tebbe " (tub) is rendered ' tina.' According to Roquefort (Glos- saire de la L. Romaine, ii. p. 21), a large wooden tub is still called ' tine ' in Picardy and Burgundy. The ' tina,' no doubt, was a some- .what similar vessel to the ' tank- ' ard ' used at the London Conduits in the 16th and 17th centuries ; holding about three gallons, hooped like a pail, and in form like the frustum of a cone. See Antiq. Repert. I. pp. 363, '364. ulnagium. Aulnage ; the assize of cloths measured by the aulne, or ell. (550, 587, 588, 615, 625, 726.) See Aunage. ulneator. An aulnager. (638.) See Aunage. unctum. A grease-spot. (1.) Unde nihil habet (184, 185). The name of a Writ of Dower. If a husband, after his marriage, was solely seised in fee simple; or fee tail, of lands or tenements, so that the issue begotten of the marriage might inherit the same, then, if the husband aliened the same, or died seised thereof, or was dis seised thereof and died, his wife had this Writ of Dower as to the land, " of which she has no part," against the tenant of the freehold. See Fitzherbert's New Natura Brevium. This Writ is retained by 3 & 4 William IV. c. 27. s. 36. 406 LIBER ALBUS. universitas. A community. (55.) utesium. Hue, cry raised. (103.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 809, s. v. Hutesium. See Heu, and Huwe. utensilia. plur. Tackle. (491.) utlagatus. An outlaw. (80, 532, 624, 681, 682.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 833, s. v. Utlagare. vadia. plur. Wages. (592,647.) vadiare. To wage, to give surety for. (73, 74, 91, 104, 107, 174, 175, 194, 253, 568.) vadium. A pledge, or surety. (76, 325, 407, 416, 549, 550, 677.) vaginarius. A sheather, or maker of sheaths. (654, 735, 736.) See Shether. valentia. Value. (655.) valettus. A journeyman, or appren tice. (727.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 834. See Vadlete, and Vallet. vallare. To face with a wall. (324, 331.) vallettus. A youth of high birth. (79, 117.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. pp. 798, 834, s. vv. Domicellus, Valettus, and Val- lectus. Vasconia. Gascoigne, or Gascony. (158, 710.) vastum. Waste. (172). See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 782, s. vv. Annus, dies, et vastum. vasum. A boat, or vessel. (578.) Venator Communis. (564.) The huntsman of the community ; for merly known in the City as the ' Common Hunt.' veredictum. A verdict. (94, 98, 103, 104, 106, 107.) See Voirdit. Vetus Cambium (30). The Old Change. From a map of London of the time of Elizabeth, it ap pears that its locality was on the North-East side of St. Paul's Ca thedral. Vicus Pontis (374, 376). Bridge Street ; the street leading from London Bridge. See Brigges- trete. vinae (375), vinnse (375). plur. The fins of a fish. vinetarius. A vintner. (95, et pas sim.) virga. The verge of the King's Court. (301, 303, 481.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 836. visceralia. Entrails. (713.) visnetum. A visnet, or venue. (59, et passim.) See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 836. vitallarius (455), vitellarius (171, et A victualler. walda. Weald, or woodland. (729.) See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 836. walla. A wall. (581, 683.) warda. A wardship. (547.) Wardemotum. A Wardmote, or meeting of the inhabitants of a Ward. (8, 36, 37, 38, 39, 654, 674.) As to the incorrect asser tion in page 8, that the Ward mote was identical with the Folk- mote, see the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 726, s. v Folkesmot. GLOSSARY OF MEDIEVAL LATIN. 407 waranna (614), warenna (136, et passim). Warren. See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 837. warantizare. To warrant. (339.) wastellus. Wastel bread. (350, 353). See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 837. way vare. To waive, forego, or post pone. (66.) wayveria. Waivery, or banishment of a female ; tantamount to out lawry of a male. (624.) See Weyverie. welcomare. To welcome. (53.) An English word Latinized. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 838. welki. plur. Whelks. (344, 377.) wharvagium. Wharfage. (530, 549.) wisda. Woad. (239, 588, 589). See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 838, s. v. Wesda. See Weyde, and Wysda. wisdarius. A woad-merchant, or seller of woad. (723). See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 838, s. v. Wesdarii. Withernamium. The Writ of Wi thernam. (619, 670, 678.) See Wythername. wysda. Woad. (615,630,723,725.) See Weyde, and Wisda. Zakariss, Vicus Sancti Johannis (102). The Street in Aldersgate Ward, in which the church of St. John Zachary was situate. See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 838. zonarius. A girdler, or maker of belts or girdles. (533, et passim.) Classical. See Ceynturer. APPENDIX. APPENDIX I. Extracts from the Assisa Paxis, 21 Edward i— 16 Henry vi, preserved at Guildhall. 'Nota, quod panis coket (2i. panis levatus), de eodem I'.s.a. blado et eodem bulteUo, ponderabit plus quam was- MndTof us telliis per ii 3solidos, et de blado minoris pretii plus m^dl.p- per v solidos. Item, panis artocopi (i. simenel) ponderabit minus wastello per duos solidos. Item, panis 4 integer (i. turta) de quadrante ponde rabit coket et dimidium. Item, panis de trait (i. panis bissus) ponderabit duos wastellos. Item, panis de quolibet genere bladi ponderabit duos cokettos. Panis levatus Willelmi de Stratforde et WiUelmi le I'-se.b. Bole, pistorum tenentium similiter quoddam furnum in weight in Bredstrate et in lucro et perditione participantium, cap- racket^ tus fuit et adjudicatus coram Hamone de Chigewelle, rea ' Majore, Eoberto de Swalclyve, Ricardo de Gloucestria, Ricardo Costantyn, Hugone de Gartone, Rogero le Palm ere, Johanne Coam, Simon e de Parys, et Elia de 1 Repeated also in fol. 53 b. 2 Meaning ' id est.' 3 The-' solidus,' or shilling- weight, was at this period -fths of an ounce. 1 See page 365 ante, s. v. ' Tourt;' and page 396, b. vv. " Panis domini- " cus." 412 APPENDIX I. Suffolke, Aldermannis, die Lunse in crastino Sanctis Trinitatis, anno Regis Edwardi, filii Regis Edwardi, quartodecimo ; coram quibus venerunt Gilbertus de Mordone et Robertus de Berkwey, bladarii, qui jurati pro veritate dicenda qualiter frumentum vendebatur die Veneris proximo prseterito, — dicunt super sacramen- tum suum, quod quarterium boni frumenti vendebatur pro viii solidis die Veneris prseterito ; quibus additis xii denariis pro expensis pistorum et aliis necessariis circa pistacionem factis, valet quarterium cum expensis ix solidos. Et sic ponderabit panis levatus de obolo, Denial of u^ patet per assavum, xliiis. iii d. quart. Et pree- co-pavtner- r r j > j. j. voiwii" tho ^ns WiUelmus le Bole venit, et dicit quod panis thereof. prsedictus non est suus, nee aliquam partem inde habet ; et petit quod hoc inquiratur. Ideo dictum est Willelmo Prodhomme, Vicecomiti, quod custodiat corpus suum usque diem Mercurii prox- ime sequentem ; et prasceptum est Joceo, servienti Camera?, quod venire faciat hie ad eundem diem xii™ de probioribus hominibus Wardse de Bredstrate et aliis Wardis propinquioribus, etc. Ad quern diem venit prsefatus WiUelmus sub custo- dia dicti Vicecomitis, et alii probi homines dictse Wardle et aliarum Wardarum propinquiorum, per Hugonem de Assheburne, Ricardum Coterel, Johannem de Wyn- tonia, Ricardum de Ailesbiria, Johannem de Cornubia, Hamonem Cocum, Walterum le Barbour, Alexandrum de Morpathe, Adam de Bredstrete, Robertum de Nor- hamptone, Willelmum le Brasour, et Willelmum Joye : — qui jurati dicunt super sacramentum suum, quod prse fatus WiUelmus le Bole et prsefatus WiUelmus de Stratforde, pistores, sunt socii ad lucrum et perditi- onem, participantes inter se quicquid de lucro causa pistacionis luerari possunt. Et panis ponderatus fuit et ponderavit xxxixs. iiiid. obol., et deficiebat iii s. xd. obol. oftdtehur11* "^ 1u^a Pr8e^atus WiUelmus le Bole primo dedicebat die, for de- prsedictum panem, et inde posuit se in Inquisitionem, EXTRACTS FROM THE ASSISA PANIS. 413 et compertum est per Inquisitionem quod particeps est niai of tho ni. ¦ 1 i j. • t • i • . co-partner- lllms pams, habeat judicium claise, nunc primo. ship. Panis Walteri de Messyndone, pistoris, qui alias ab- F. 57. a. juravit officium in Civitate, captus fuit et adjudicatus weight in coram Hamone de Chigewelle, Majore, Roberto de Br™a- Swalclyve, Ricardo 1 Costantyn, Johanne Poyntel, Rogero le Palmere, Hugone de Gartone, et Ricardo Costantyn, Aldermannis, die Veneris proximo ante Festum Nativitatis -Sancti Johannis Baptists? [24 July], anno xiii0 ; coram quibus venerunt Robertus le Huchereve et WiUelmus de Cheiham, bladarii ; qui jurati dicunt, quod quarterium frumenti vendebatur die Mercurii proxime praeterito apud Billyngesgate pro viii s. iiii d. ; apud Ripam Reginse pro ix s. ; et super Pavimentum pro vii s. ; et sic ponderabat panis turta de obolo lxiiii s. vi d. quart. Et prsefatus Walterus dicit, Denial of -i r. i ¦ i i . . the owner- quod prselatus panis non est suus nee de pistacione ship. sua; et dicit simUiter quod non tenet pistrinum, sed quod quidam Walterus de Sabrichesworthe tenet Ulud pistrinum, et hoc petit quod inquiratur. Et super hoc venit dictus Walterus de Sabrichesworthe, Avowry by ¦ t-ii •/-<• un- another et advocavit panem. hit quia Curia vult ulterius cer- person. tiorari si prsefatus panis sit prsedicti Walteri de Mes syndone an preedicti Walteri de Sabrichesworthe, capta fuit Inquisitio per Galfridum Maderman, Adam de CardoU, Rogerum de Bristollia, Robertum le Barbour, Hugonem le Fruyter, Warinum le Seler, Willelmum Maynard, Walterum de Euere, et Robertum de Glou- cestria, Willelmum de Norhamptone, Johannem le Taillour, et 2Edgile Cordewanere, ad inquirendum super praBmissis. Qui dicunt super sacramentum suum, quod prsefatus Walterus de Messyndone tenet, et tenuit post- 1 Probably a mistake for " de Gloucestria." 2 This name is somewhat indis tinct ; it may possibly stand for ' Egidium.' ' Giles.' 414 APPENDIX I. quam officium abjuravit, pistrinam prsedictam ; et quod prsefatus Walterus de Sabrichesworthe in deceptionem populi panem pra3dictum advocat. Punishment Quare consideratum fuit, quod pnedictus Walterus die for short de Messyndone habeat judicium claiaa pro defectu dicti weight, and ^ "l -i o i • 1 for false panis; et praedictus Walterus de Sabricheworthe pro avnwrv. 1 ' L ... falsa advocatione sua similiter. avowry. p. go. b. Die Lunse proxima post Festum Sancti Michaelis, a,nno regni Regis Edwardi, filii Regis Edwardi, quinto- decimo, tradita fuit Hamoni de Chiggewelle, Majori, quredam biUa in hsec verba : — complaint " Au Maire de Loundres se pleignent les pestours~ bake?s of " de payn blaunke de la Cite des pestours de turtes ; — Sinst>thed " qe come ordine est qe les turters ne dussent nul bakers. " payn blaunk faire ne furnire, et si trove qe il " fesoient, qe atonqe payereient au Roy et a ses bail- " lifs xl souldz pur le trespas ; ore venent les turters " toutz, forpris deux hommes, et fount bulter le " faryn, et de ceo fount payn blaunke, et vendent le " bren, par luy meismes, et le payn blaunke ensement. " — Dereehief se pleignent les pestors avaunditz, qe " come le ordinaunce de la Cite est qe nul des pestors " ne dussent vendre payn communement en la Cyte " fors qe ii jours la semaigne, cest asavoir, le Samady " Unto the Mayor of London complain the bakers of white " bread in the City ofthe bakers of tourte ; — that whereas it " is ordered that the tourters shall neither make nor bake any " white bread, and that if it should be found that they do " so, they should then pay unto the King and to his bailiffs " ,40 shillings for the offence ; now come all the tourters, two " men excepted, and cause the meal to he boulted, and make " thereof white bread, and sell the bran, by themselves, and the " white bread also. — And further complain the bakers afore- " said, that whereas the ordinance of the City is that no one " of the bakers shall sell bread commonly in the City except " on two days in the week, that is to say, the Saturday and EXTRACTS FROM THE ASSISA PANIS. 415 " et le Meskerdy, et a les trunks ;— ore venent tres- " tout? les pestors, et vendent lour payn chescun " jour de la semaigne, a graunt damage de poeple " et encountre le ordinaunce de la Cyte. Dount il " prient, pur lamour de Dieu et pur amendement de " poeple, qe U vous pleise ordiner quatre hommes del " mester, qe pussent survire qe lestatut seit tenuz " come U ad este use du temps dount memorie ne " curt.— Et fount ascuns des pestors de payn blaunk " turtes, auxibien come les turters/' Virtute cujus bilhe electi fuerunt et jurati ad custo- Overseers diendum officium pistorum, videlicet ;— Ricardus Heyne, ™o™d and Johannes de Wrotham, Ricardus de Arderne, WiUel mus de Stratford, Johannes de Londenestone, Gilbertus le Rede. Johannes de Strode, pistor, habuit' judicium pilo- *.68.b. rise die Veneris proxima post Festum Sancti Dunstani by piiio™/" [19 May], anno regni Regis Edwardi, filii Regis Ed- b°r™ofng ,. . ° , & . t ,. t i ¦ filth and wardi, xvi0, eo quod pams prsedicti Johannis erat cobwebs. nullius generis bladi, sed collectio domus in qua bul- tavit, quando domus erat mundata; et omnis putredo et spuria in ea coUecta, fuit in panes posita et pistata, ita quod in fractione panis nihil substantias panis ap- parebat, sed fila de coppewebbes. Per quod adjudicatum fuit per Nicholaum de Farn- done, Majorem, Robertum de Swalclife, Johannem de " the Wednesday, and that at the hutches ; — now come tho '' whole of the bakers, and sell their bread every day of the " week, to the great damage of the people and against the " ordinance of the City, Wherefore they pray, for the love of " God and for the advantage of the people, that it may please " you to ordain four men of the trade, who may oversee that " the statute is observed as it has been used to do from time " as to which memory does not run. — Also, some of the " bakers of white bread make tourte, as well as the tourters." 416 APPENDIX I. Prestone, Ricardum de Gloucestria, Henricum de Serch- ford, Johannem Poyntel, Reginaldum de Conductu, et alios Aldermannos, quod haberet judicium piloriee, etc. Et habuit, etc. F.79.b. Congregatio Ricardi de Betonia, Maj oris, Johannis de Grantham, Johannis de Caustone, Henrici de Combe- martyne, Reginaldi de Conductu, Johannis de Prestone, et Hugonis de Gartone, Aldermannorum, et Rogeri Chauntecler, unius Vicecomitum Londoniarum, facta apud Gyhaldam die Jovis in ebdomada Pentecostes, videlicet iiiit0 die Junii, anno Domini M.ccc.xxvn, et regni Regis Edwardi Tertii post Conqusestum, primo. charge of Johannes Brid, ' pistor, attachiatus fuit ad respon- doughby dendum super quibusdam falsitate, malitia, et decep- making . \ x . holes in the tione, per ipsum iactis, ad nocumentum communis moulding- populi ; secundum quod datum fuit intelligi Majori, Aldermannis, et Vicecomitibus Civitatis, videlicet, quod idem Johannes, pro singulari commodo sibi ipsi falso et malitiose adquirendo, quoddam foramen ruper quam- dam tabulam suam, qu?i3 vocatur ' moldingborde,' ad pistrinam pertinentem, prudenter artificioseque fieri fecit, ad modum muscipulse in qua mures capiuntur, cum quodam wyketto caute proviso ad foramen iUud obturnndum et aperiendum. Et cum vicini sui et alii, qui ad furnam suum pa nem solebant furniare, veniebant cum pasto suo vel materia ad panem inde faciendum apta, dictus Johannes iUud pastum, sive iUam materiam, super dictam tabu lam vocatam ' moldingborde,' ut prsedictum est, et ultra foramen prsenotatum, ponebat, ad panes exiiide ad fumiendum praeparandos ; et cum ille pastus, sive ma teria, sic positus esset super tabulam prsedictam, habuit idem Johannes quemdam de familia sua, ad hoc assig- 1 See page 602 of Liber Albus ; where this curious narrative is al luded to, but the reference omitted. EXTRACTS EROM THE ASSISA PANIS. 417 natum, sedentem occulte sub eadem tabula ; qui qui- dem famulus suus, sub illo foramine sedens, illudque caute aperiens, particulatim et minutatim de pasto praa- dicto subtUiter extraxit, magnas quantitates de hujus- modi^ pasto frequenter colligendo, falso, nequiter, et malitiose, ad magnum damnum omnium vicinorum et proximorum suorum, ac aHorum, cum tah pasto fur- niando ad se venientium, et in scandalum et dedeeus totius Civitatis, et praecipue Majoris et BalUvorum ad assisas Civitatis custodiendas assignatorum. Quod qui- deni foramen, in tabula sua praedicta inventum, fuit prudenter operatum ; et similiter, magna quantitas de hujusmodi pasto sub foramine praadicto, et per iUud foramen extracta, erat inventa, et per Willelmum de Hertynge, clavigerum, et Thomam de Morle, clericum Ricardi de Rothinge, unius Vicecomitum Civitatis praa- dictaa, juratos, qui materiam praadictam, sive pastum, sic in loco praadicto suspecto invenerunt, hie in Curia erat portata. Qui quidem Johannes, hie praasens in Curia, quaa- situs qualiter de fraude, malitia, et deceptione praa- dictis se velit acquietare, etc. ; idem Johannes per- sonaliter in Curia dicit, quod de fraude, malitia, et deceptione praadictis in nuUo est culpabiUs, et de hoc ponit se super patriam, etc. Ideo rei Veritas inde per patriam iuquiratur, etc. WiUelmus atte Sele, Johannes atte Barnette, Robertus de Bertone, Johannes de Polberowe, Robertus de Brokesbourne, Rogerus de MUtone, et Ricardus de Honesdone, pistores, et Alicia de Brightenoth et Lucia de Pykeringe, pistrices, in quorum domibus inventaa fuerunt consimiles tabulae, quaa dicuntur 'molding- ' bordes,' cum consimUibus foraminibus et consimiU pasto, ut praadictum est, fraudulenter et maUtiose coUecto, attachiati fuerunt ad respondendum de 'fraude, maUtia, 1 Written 'frauude ' in the original. VOL. III. D D 418 APPENDIX J. et deceptione praadictis, sicut superius dictum est de praafato Johanne, etc. Qui venerunt, et unusquisque eorujn, per se ad rationem positus de praatactis, dicit quod in nulla est culpabUis, et deponit se super patriam, etc. Ideo rei Veritas inde, etc, Et super hoc Ricardus le Mitere, Ricardus de Bitterle, WiUelmus de Keyle, Adam de Bokelonde, Rogerus le Bere, Elyas Dycun, Galfridus de HoleweUe, WiUelmus Pope, Ricardus Frere, Johannes Thedmar, Johannes atte Wodehouse, et Adam de Walpole, in quibus dictus Johannes et omnes aUi se posuerunt. Qui Serenpon. jurati, et super hoc habita inter eos locutione et consilio, veniunt ; et dicunt super sacramentum suum, quod praadictus Johannes et omnes alii de omnibus, videlicet foramine suspecto, pasto per iUud foramen extracto, et aliis sibi impositig, sunt culpabUes ; et quod ad dictam falsitatem et deceptionem faciendam jam diu extiterunt consueti. Ideo consideratum est, quod praadictus Johannes et omnes alii committantur Gaolaa de Neugate, etc. ; et quia ob defectum Aldermannorum Curia nunc est inconsulta ad judicium ulterius inde reddendum, datus est dies ad diem Sabbati proxime venturum, etc. ; et interim omnes Aldermanni, cum xii, viii, vel vi, de singulis Wardis, secundum quod Warda fuerit magna vel parva, summoneanfur essendi hie ad eundem etc., ut tunc fiat inde quod de jure et secundum con- suetudinem Civitatis fuerit faciendum, etc. Postea, ad diem Sabbati praadictum venerunt praadic tus Ricardus, Major, Hamo de Chigwelle, Nicholaus. de Farndone, Reginaldus de Conductu, Hamo Godohepe, Johannes de Prestone, Johannes Priour, Thomas de Leyre, Ricardus Costantyn, Johannes de Oxonia, Anke- tinus de Gysorcio, Henricus de Combemartyn, Ricar dus de Hakeney, Johannes de Caustone, Hugo de Gartone, Johannes Poyntel, et Adam de Salesbury, Aldermanni, Rogerus Chauntecler et Ricardus de Roth- ynge, Vicecomites, et similiter de singulis Wardis certi EXTRACTS FROM THE ASSISA PANIS. 419 homines summoniti, sicut patet in panello per Vice- comites retornato ¦ et habito consilio et tractatu inter Majorem et Aldermannos ad judicium super falsitate, F.so.a. maUtia, et deceptione praadictis formandum ; quia dictum factum est quasi quaadam species furti, sed non est aliquis qui versus Ulos, vel eorum aliquem, prose- quatur, nee est juri consonum aut Deo placabile, quod tabs falsitas, deceptio, et malitia transeat impunitus ; praacipue cum omnes iUi qui ad dictos pistores, ad panem suum furniendum, venerint, falso, nequiter, et malitiose, ipsis hoc 'penitus ignorantibus, fuerunt decepti, et damnum non modicum receperint ; concordatum est et ordinatum, quod omnes illi de praadictis pistoribus sub quorum tabulis cum foraminibus pastum inventum fuit, ponantur super colUstrigium, cum quadam quantitate iUius pasti pendente circa collum suum ; et iUi pistores in quorum domibus pastum sub tabulis antedictis inven tum non fuit, ponantur super coUistrigium sine pasto haarente circa coUa sua ; et quod morentur super coUi strigium quousque Vesperaa apud Sanctum Paulum Lon- doniarum percantentur. Et quoad praadictas duas mulieres, quia allegant habere viros, dicta videlicet Alicia WUlelmum de Brechenoke, virum suum, et praadicta Lucia Hugonem de Pykerynge, virum suum, et hoc idem testatum est per vicinos earum ; cumque eaadem AUcie et Lucia allegent diotum factum non esse factum earum, concordatum est et ordinatum, quod remittantur prisonaa de Neugate, ibidem moraturaa quousque aliud de eis fuerit ordi natum ; et quod omnes hujusmodi tabulaa cum forami nibus, ut praadictum est, prosternentur et deleantur totaUter, et amodo fieri non patiantur ; et quod si aliquis dictorum pigtorum de caatero cum tali deceptione, falsitate, et maUtia inveniatur, quod stet super coUi strigium per unum diem integrum, et postea abjuret civitatem," ita quod in posterum pro tempore tunc futuro non redeat. D D 2 420 APPENDIX I. Punishment Et sciendum, quod omnes dicti pistores inventi fory.wiHi fuerunt cum pastu, et habuerunt pastum circa colla suspended sua super coUistrigium ; praaterquam 1 Johannes Brid tain ofthe et Robertus de Brokesbourne, cum quibus nullum fraudulent . . baiters' pastum mventum luit. necks. J- Et sciendum, quod praadictaa muUeres remanserunt in dicta prisona de Neugate, in custodia Vicecomitum praa dictorum. F. 8S. a. Thcrt of tho assay bread by two ser vants of the assayers. Punishment of the pil lory, two loaves hang ing from tho olfender's neck. Et sciendum, quod quidam Johannes le 2 Kyng' Page et WiUelmus de Birlynge, valletti pistorum, assignati et jurati ad deserviendum praadictis assaiatoribus et pistoribus assignatis ad assaium faciendum, convicti fuerunt coram Majore et Aldermannis, per eorum recognitionem, quod furati fuerunt et asportaverunt duas denaratas de pane assaii. Ideo attachiati fuerunt ; et Johannes evasit, et dictus WiUelmus per judicium positus fuit super coUistrigium, et per unam horam diei ibi stabat, cum duobus panibus de assaio pendentibus circa collum suum. Panis pistorum captus et dejudicatus coram Majore et Aldermannis die Lunaa proxima ante Festum Sancti Thomaa ApostoU [21 December], anno regni Regis Edwardi, Tertii post Conquaastum, quarto. Panis levatus Ricardi Heyne de obolo ponderat xxxis. obol., deficit vis. obol. quart. AUus panis levatus ejusdem Ricardi de obolo ponderat xxxii s. i d. deficit iiii s. quart. : — ideo, adjudicatus clayaa. whitebread Et quia quidam a[l]bus panis levatus de obolo fraudulent- . „. .. . „ ly mixed ejusdem Ricardi inventus fuit mixtus cum sablone, in with sand. " ... - deceptione popuh ; considerabatur per Majorem [et] Short weight in light, or cocket, bread. 1 This is contradicted by the pre vious context. 2 Possibly meaning " Kynge's a surname inherited from one who had held that office. EXTRACTS FROM THE ASSISA PANIS. 421 Aldermannos praadictos [quod] praadictus Ricardus sit ^f1"1011' distractus usque Neugate; et panis portatus super h&Klv lanceam coram eo, et proclametur causa, mixtura sab- r,ic^'b/f"f ... ' u>*j.i» omu (,!,„ oBeudor lonis in pane. ou a lance. Et dictus Ricardus distractus fuit a Neugate usque coUistrigium, et ibidem positus fuit, et ibidem 'moretur per unam horam super coUistrigium, et ibi proclama[ban]tur causaa praadictaa. Levatus de denario Ricardi de Hedesore, Shoutere de. *-ioi.». Henle, captus fuit die Lunaa proximo post Festum wdght in * Sancti Martini [11 November], anno praadicto2 xviii0, llslltbrcatL etponderabat cxvs. Et quia deficiebat de justo pondere Throe of per xx s. viii d., consideratum est per Majorem et Alder- i^tTo mannos, quod iii eorundem panium vendantur pro ii pence?" two denariis. Turta de denario Roberti Fair-and-Good captus F.ii2.a, super ipsum die Sabbati in Festo Conversionis Sancti Safhu™* Pauli [25 January], anno2 xxxiiii incipiente, et ad- flight in°rt judicata per praadictos Majorem et Aldermannos. oread! Et quia 3 deficiebat de justo pondere xxix s. vi d. obol., ideo habeat judicium clayaa. Die Mercurii in Festo Cinerum, anno regni Regis F.ii2.a. Edwardi, Tertii post Conquaastum, tricesimo-quarto, WiUelmus Poggere, molendinarius molendinaa WiUelmi de Tudenham in Stratforde, attachiatus fuit ad respondendum Thomsa Moritz, Communi Servienti ; qui pro communitate queritur de placito contemptus, transgressionis, et deceptionis. Et unde queritur quod Fraud com- cum Thomas Whicherche, Hugo de Waltham, Johannes miiier upon Gravele, Thomas de Thorneye, Johannes Hiltofte, or bread. Jacobus Andreu, WiUelmus Essexe, et Henricus de Yerdelee, assiatores albi panis, die Mercurii proximo ' An error for ' morabalur.' : 3 This word is repeated by inad- * Of Edward III, | vertence. 422 APPENDIX I. post Festum Sancti Mathiaa Apdstoli [24 February], anno 1 xxxiiii supradicto, venerunt ad molendinam praa- dictam, pro tribus quarteriis frumenti molandis ad faciendum assaium albi panis, per quod assaium pis tores Londoniarum debuissent pistasse per totum annum supradictum, praadictus WiUelmus ita malitiose et deceptive obtemperavit molendinam praadictam, quod praadicti assaiatores non potuissent facere praa dictum assaium secundum consuetudinem Civitatis ; in contemptum Domini Regis et communitatis, ad damnum communitatis ejusdem c librarum, etc. Et praadictus WiUelmus Poggere, praasens coram Majori et Aldermannis et immensa communitate, cog novit se fecisse deceptionem, transgre[ssionem], et con temptum eodem modo quo praadictus Thomas Moritz superius queritur. Punishment Ideo consideratum est, quod praadictus WiUelmus dieawar- habeat judicium clayaa : sed praadicti Major et Alder- offender ex- manni, propter senilem aatatem ejusdem WiUelmi, con- cused on ac- ... . count of old donant judicium praadictum, etc. F.ii3.b. Ricardus le Yonge, hostyller, die Martis proximo post Festum Conversionis Sancti PauU [25 January], anno regni Regis Edwardi, Tertii post Conquaastum, tricesmo-nono, attachiatus fuit coram Adam de Burv, Charge of " • selling Majore, et Aldermannis, quare ipse vendidit panem without the equinum in hospitio suo non signatum de meta pis- mark, torum Civitatis, contra statutum inde editum, eta Qui bene cognovit quod ipse de quadam muliere ignota emit panem equinum, videlicet, xiiii panes pro andof short xii, etc. Et quia deficiebant de uno pane de obolo, cum praafato Ricardo invento, de justo pondere xxxvi s. vi d. ; et etiam quaadam falsa mensura inventa fuit in domo aiso.of pos- ipsius Ricardi, vocata 'pecke,' non sigillata, etc. ; et dictus false peck Ricardus vendidit falsum panem, et iniusti ponderis, in measure. J L > Of King Edward III. EXTRACTS FROM THE ASSISA PANIS. 423 deceptionem communis popuU, contra ordinationem Punishment indefactam: — ideo habeat judicium claiaa, etc., primo, etc. diet.hohur" Die Sabbati proxima post FeStum Sanctarum Per- F.iao.b. petuaa et Felicitatis [7 March], anno regni Regis Edwardi, Tertii post Conquaastum, xiv*0, IsabeUa uxor Alani Botelstone, pistoris, ducta fuit coram Johanne Bernes, Majore Londoniarum, Willelmo Haldene, Recor- datore, Johanne Wrothe, Willelmo Welde, Johanne Pyel, short et Willelmo Walworthe, Aldermannis, cum uno pane uliittoead, albo, vocato ' bunne,' de obolo, unde deficiebant de justo ?£L> pondere xi s. v d. obol. Quaa panem J ipsam advocavit esse suum, et per ipsam factum ad vendendum, etc. Ideo consideratum est, quod ipsa habeat judicium Punishment ' del thewe,' super Ulud moratura per unam horam inflicted on° .... a female. diei, etc. Die Veneris proximo post Festum Sancti Martini, f. 122.0. anno2 supradicto, Simon Puddynglane, pistor turtarius, weight in ductus fuit coram Majore 3 supradicto, Willelmo de bread. Haldene, Recordatore, Johanne Pyel, WiUelmo Wale- worthe, Ada Stable, Johanne Haddele, Johanne North- amptone, Johanne Little, Johanne Aubrey, et Johanne Maryns, Aldermannis, cum uno pane turto de denario, quem advocat esse suum. Qui quidem panis deficit de justo pondere vin s. iiid. Ideo consideratum est per eosdem Major'em et Al- Punishment dermannos, quod idem Simon habeat judicium clayaa, dio. nunc primo. Die Sabbati in Vigilia Sanctaa Trinitatis, anno regni ^s. a. Regis Edwardi, Tertii post Conquaastum, quinquage- wrfgMina simo, Reginaldus Hikke, pistor panis Francisci, ductus caM So in the original. j 3 John Warde. ; 49th of Edward III. 424 APPENDIX I. fuit coram Johanne Warde, Majore, WUlelmo Haldene, Roberto Hatfelde, Adam Stable, Johanne Maryns, Johanne Hadele, Aldermannis, cum uno pane de obolo, vocato 'wygge,' ponderante minus de justo pondere de viii s. n d., quern advocat esse suum. i'""'" Ideo consideratum est per eosdem Majorem et Al dermannos, quod habeat judicium clayaa, nunc primo. of tho hurdle F.i23.a. ^isdem die et anno, Radulphus atte Sele, turtarius, weight in ductus fuit coram eisdem Majore et Aldermannis, cum loaves of .tit i i horse-broad, uno pane equmo de obolo, quern advocat esse suum ; de quo deficit de justo pondere vs. xid. ; et cum uno altero pane equino de obolo, de quo deficit de justo pondere vu s. ii d. ; et cum tertio pane equino de obolo, de quo deficit de justo pondere viii s. vii d. obol. ; quos etiam advocat esse suos. Punishment Ideo consideratum est, quod habeat judicium clayaa, hurdle. nunc primo. F.124. Sexto die Maii, anno regni Regis Ricardi, Secundi a Conquaastu, primo, praadictus WiUelmus Plot ductus fuit coram 3 praadictis Majore et Recordatore, Johanne Pyel, Johanne Haddele, Johanne Vyne, Johanne Hoo, Johanne Estone, Galfrido Neutone, Roberto Launde, Roberto Warbeltone, Nicholao Twyford, Johanne Short Rote, et Thoma Reynham, Aldermannis, uno pane de light broad, levato de obolo, unde deficiebantur de justo pondere andiuaioaf vis. viii d. ; et etiam cum uno spayndemayn, unde de- mayT1 e~ ficiebantur de justo pondere ii s, ii d. ; quos advocavit esse suos. Ideo habeat judicium clayaa, nunc secundo. Punishmentof the hurdle. F.124.D. Vicesimo -sexto die Januarii, anno regni Regis Ricardi Secundi secundo, WiUelmus Chestre, forinsecus manens 1 3 July, 50th Edward III. 2 Nicholas Brembre and William Cheyne. 3 See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. page 782, s. vv. 'Artocopi panis.' EXTRACTS FROM THE ASSISA PANIS. 425 excra Templebarre, ductus fuit hie coram Johanne Phelipot, Majore, Willelmo Cheyne, Recordatore, Nicho- lao Brembre, Ada Stable, Roberto Launde, Johanne Organ, Johanne Rote, Johanne Estone, Johanne Hoo, Ada de Sancto Ivone, Johanne Kirketone, Aldermannis, et Thoma Cornwaleys, uno Vicecomitum, cum tribus short panibus equinis, unde de uno eorum deficit de justo Sin-ead, pondere xxxiis. vi d. ; de aUo, xxxiii s. iiiid. ; et de tertio, foreign^. xxxvs. ; quos panes advocat esse suos, etc. Ideo habeat judicium clayaa, et ducatur a Guyhalda Punishment per Chepe, et deinde usque Barram Veteris Templi dLlthT' Londoniarum, et ibi dimittatur, etc. bftown0through Chepe to Die Sabbati in Vigilia Pentecostes, anno 2 quinto ^l^T praadicto, WiUelmus Brewere, hostillarius WiUelmi Larke, pistoris manentis extra Crepelgate, ductus fuit hie coram 2 praadicto Majore et Vicecomitibus, WiUelmo Neuport, WiUelmo Wodehous, Johanne Organ, Johanne Estone, Johanne Sely, Johanne More, Willelmo More, Nicholao Extone, Simone Wynchecombe, Adam Bamme, Adam de Sancto Ivone, Johanne Walcote, et Thoma Carltone, Aldermannis, cum xvi panibus equinis de 3 ; et de quibus deficiebat de justo pon- short dere, de aliquo eorum xvs. vid., de aliquo xiiiis. iid., et horse-bread, de quoUbet eorum minus deficiebat, deficiebat xis. ixd. ; baker's a et quos panes advocat per eum esse factos, et in fur- num absque ponderatione positos, magistro suo nesciente, nee in aliquo inde sciente seu ad hoc consentiente. Et hoc dictus magister suus coram praadictis Majore et Aldermannis, per sacramentum suum, asseruit. Ideo consideratum .est, quod dictus hostillarius habeat o"^!1™™' judicium claiaa, nunc primo ; uno de dictis panibus j^ni,,m!?af circa collum suum ante pectus suum, et uno botello o™™^ feni ad dorsum suum, in signum hostillarii, pendenti- £u'*(™0<:}a bus, etc. Et praaceptum est Vicecomitibus Londoniarum, £ackfromhis 1 5th of Richard n. | 3 An omission. 2 John Northampton. I 426 APPENDIX I. quod faciant executionem judicii prfedicti, et causam proclamari faciant. die awar ded; but the offender for bidden to F.i26.a. Vicesimo-septimo die Aprilis, anno regni Regis Ri cardi Secundi sexto, Ricardus atte Vanne, turtus pistor, ductus fuit coram Johanne Norhamptone, Majore, Wil lelmo Cheyne, Recordatore, Ricardo Norbury, Johanne Fraunceis, Henrico Bamme, Johanne Furneux, WiUelmo Short Staundone, Galfrido Cremelford, WiUelmo Kynge, Alder^ hOTse-bread. mannis, et Johanne Sely, Vicecomite, cum tribuS pani- of the1!™™' ^us equini8) de quibus de uno deficiebat iili s. ix d. obol.; de alio, vi s. vi d. ; et de tertio, vi s. viii d. Ideo habeat judicium claiaa, nunc secundo, etc. Et tur^imkss r . baker of obolo, de cmeribus, terra, et aliis putredinis, paUcis white bread, , . ....«" found to be granis frumenti et alterius bladi intermixtis, factos; made of & ... . iith3 and l11^ Paiies> postquam supervisi fuissent per dictum Jo hannem et alios quamplures vicinos suos, et diligenter inspecti, omni generi humano putridi et 4abominabiles, ac cuilibet alteri bestiaa insani, videbantur ; quapropter 1 Written 'yemali ' in the original. 2 There is apparently an omission here, or else the word 'et' is super fluous. 3 Written ' quidem ' in the origi nal. * Written ' abhominabiles ' in the original. EXTRACTS FROM THE ASSISA PANIS. 427 idem Johannes, cum multis aliis probis hominibus, vicinis suis, Johannem Norhamptone, Majorem, adierunt, monstrando ei panes praadictos et falsitatem pasti eorum. Qui quidem Major, secundo die Man tunc proximo sequente, venire fecit coram eo et Alderman nis, apud Guyhaldam Londoniarum, dictum Simonem ; ubi quaasitum est ab eo quare fecit panes praadictos ad vendendum et ad decipiendum populum forma praadicta, etc. Qui dicit, quod dicti panes non fuerunt ' facti ad Allegation vendendum; sed dicit, quod facti fuerunt tantum ad were only -, . p . -,. , - made for circumponendum in lurno circa alios panes, ad custodi- the protec- j . . . tion of other endum eos de nimio calore ignis, ne comburerentur ; loaves from . ° 'the heat of et dieit, quod ipse et omnes am pistores utuntur the oven. taUbus panibus, circumponendo eos in furnis circa aHos panes suos ; et hoc petit quod inquiratur per aUos pistores, etc. Super quo, dicti Major et Aldermanni summoniri fecerunt xii pistores eodem die, ad inquirendum utrum dicti panes facti fuerunt ad vendendum, prout ei imponitur, vel ad circumponendum circa alios panes, in forma praadicta, prout idem Simon aUegat, etc. Et super hoc pistores, videUcet, Johannes Waltham, Regi- naldus atte Sele, Ricardus Broun, Adam Donmowe, Johannes Gros, Reginaldus Eustone, Simon Merifeld, Thomas Beneyt, Petrus In-the-Lane, Walterus Elyot, WiUehnu's Hert, et Bartholomaaus Thorntone, per sum- monitionem eis factam venerunt, et ex assensu dicti F.i26.b- Simonis jurati ad inquirendum et dicendum veritatem de materia praadicta, etc. Qui super sacramentum suum dicunt, quod quidam J^ffi^ a Johannes Croys, serviens ejusdem Simonis, emit de^™vae|e dicto Simone farinam pro xvi denariis, unde dicti j^s putridi panes facti fuerunt; et sine »situ dicti Simonis ^fthebut inde fecit dictos panes ad vendendum ; et hoc idem ^Sge, Johannes palam cognovit, etc. 1 So in the original, probably for ' seitu.' 428 APPENDIX I. Et quia idem Simon superius allegavit dictos panes fore factos ad circumponendum circa alios panes, et and for sale, non ad vendendum ; ubi compertum est per Inqui- sitionem, quod facti fuerunt ad vendendum, et sic the master contrarium dicti sui compertum. — Et etiara, quia ipse having sold . ,., „. ,,. .. , the fiom, sciens dictam larmam nuliius esse valoris, et tamen wa-s worth- earn vendidit dicto servienti suo, ad inde faciendum panes ad vendendum, et sic particeps falsitatis praadictaa. — Ideo, ex assensu dicti Maj oris, WiUelmi Cheyne, Recordatoris, Ricardi Norbury, Henrici Bamme, Galfridi Crymelforde, Thomaa Noket, WUlelmi Staundone, WiUelmi Kynge, WiUelmi Olyver, Aldermanorum, et The master Johannis Sely et Adaa Bamme, Vicecomitum, conside- payaiine, ratum est, quod idem Simon habeat judicium claiaa ; et and to have . 1 . pi-i t ¦ . pimishment ulterius, pro deceptione et lalsitate praadictis, faciat hmdic. finem Cameraa, etc. Et quia idem Johannes, serviens Simonis, fecit panes praadictos ad vendendum, sciens Ulos fore putridos et generi humand, ut praadicitur, insanos, in deceptionem populi ; et etiam, quia ipse fecit dictos panes sine aliquo signo, contra ordinationem Civitatis Londoniarum, ex assensu dictorum Maj oris, Recordatoris, Alderman- Tho servant norum, et Vicecomitum, consideratum est, quod idem to be put on . . , ~. . the pillory, Johannes, serviens ejusdem Simoms, ponatur super loaves to be coUistrigium per unam horam, et dicti panes sub eo neath him. coniburentur, etc. Et dictum est Vicecomitibus praadictis, quod facerent executiones judiciorum praadictorum, et causam ipsius Johannis, servientis Simonis, ad colUstrigium praadictum publice proclamari facerent. F.129.a. [Die] Mercurii, decimo die Octobris, anno regni Regis Henrici, Sexti post Conquaastum, sextodecimo, Johannes Frost, pistor manens in Wodestrete, ductus fuit hie coram Johanne Michelle, Majore, Alexandro Aune, Recordatore, Johanne Brokley, Johanne Paddesle, Roberto Large, Thoma Chaltone, Johanne Atherle, EXTRACTS FROM THE ASSISA PANIS. 429 Thoma Catteworth, Willelmo Gregory, Johanne Olney, et Johanne Suttone, Aldermannis, ac Willelmo Hales et WiUelmo Chapman, Vicecomitibus, cum uno pane Tourte turto de denario ex impuro blado et de inseisonabUi in weight , », , i n . . 1 . -, ¦ , and made of pastu contecto, et deficiente decem uncias de justo unclean pondere ; et cum duobus panibus turtis, utroque de unscasona- obolo, ex impuro blado et insesionabili pastu similiter confectis, et deficiente utroque eorum quinque uncias de justo pondere : quos omnes panes advocat esse suos, et in domo sua pistatos, et ibidem communi vendi tioni expositos. Ideo habeat judicium clayaa, nunc primo.1 Punishment of tlie hurdle. 1 This probably (16 Henry "VI.), is the last instance of a baker being drawn on the hurdle in the City of London. That this punishment had fallen into disuse, is evidenced by the fact that the entry immediately preceding bears date the 13th year of Henry IV. APPENDIX II. Extracts from the Libejr Memorandorum, temp. Edward II., preserved at Guildhall. F.io.a. Charta Alianorce, nuper Regince Anglim, facta Fra- tribus Pamitentice Jhesu Christi. charter of " Alianora, Dei gratia Regina Angliaa, Domina Hi- nor to the " berniaa, Duxissa Aquitanniaa, et per Dominum nostrum the Penance " Regem Henricum Custos Domus Pontis Londoniarum, of Jesus . . Christ. " omnibus praasens scnptum visuns vel audituns, sa- " lutem in Domino. Noveritis nos obligari et teneri, " pro nobis et haaredibus nostris,. defendere [et] waran- " tizare contra omnes homines in perpetuum Prioribus " et Fratribus de Poanitentia Jhesu Christi, Londonns " commorantibus, omnia tenementa, cum omnibus per- " tir.entiis suis, quaa idem Prior et Fratres habent in " vico qui vocatur ' Colchirchstrate,' in Parochia Sancti " Olavi in Judaismo, in Parochia Sanctaa Margaretaa " de Lothebury, in Civitate Londoniarum, ex conces- " sione et confirmatione quas eisdem Priori et Fratribus " per praasens scriptum fecimus, de assensu et volun- " tate Fratris Stephani de Forborne, Subcustodis Domus " praadictaa Pontis, caaterorumque Fratrum Domus ejus- " dem, pro sexaginta marcis argenti quas a praadictis " Priore et Fratribus de Poanitentia Jhesu Christi re- " cepimus ad fabricam praadictaa Pontis, et pro inven- " tione unius CapeUani quem idem Prior et Fratres F.io.b. " suis sumptibus perpetuo inveniant, divina celebrantis " pro anima Ricardi le Keu ; qui quidem Ricardus EXTRACTS FROM THE LIBER MEMORANDORUM. 431 omnia praadicta tenementa, cum omnibus suis per- tinentiis, Fratribus praadictaa Domus de Ponte pro sustentatione unius CapeUani, pro anima ejus divina in perpetuum eorum sumptibus celebraturi, legavit et assignavit. In cujus, etc." [De Pannis fullonandis.'] 1 Godefridus de Loveigne attachiatus fuit ad sectam cnarge'of Roberti le Pipere, WiUelmi Bernard, et aliorum tine- ciothfat . T j . -, -, . ™. .. . mills with- torum Londoniarum, de eo quod cum in Livitate out the city. Londoniarum ordinatum fuit quod nullus eorum pannos crudos mittere debeat ad molendina extra Civitatem F.«.b. ad fuUonandum, praadictus Galfridus tres pannos crudos misit extra Civitatem, ad fuUonandum apud molendi- num, contra consuetudinem praadictam, etc. Et praadictus Godefridus venit hie die Jovis proxima ante Festum Sancti Thomaa Apostoli [21 December], anno Regis Edwardi quarto, et cognovit se esse inde cul- nabilem ; ideo inde ad iudicium, etc. Et consideratum penalty .. -kt- 2 ti inflicted. est, quod incidat m poanam provisam in JNigro •'ra- pyro de fuUonibus, videlicet xx. soUdorum, quia nunc primo convincitur. Et Major remisit ei x solidos. Et praadictus Godefridus de Loveyne et Johannes de overseers Lesnes, tinctores, jurati fuerunt quod diligenter inqui- to see that rantde omnibus UUs tinctoribus, fuUonibus, et 3 texto- wWchougit ribus, mittentibus aut ducentibus pannos crudos extra untothe^ Civitatem ad fuUonandum ad molendina, qui quidem Mied at panni traditi fuerint eis ad fuUonandum sub pedibus ; et quod iUos quos invenerint qulpabiles attachient, et pannos illos statim arrestare facient, et coram Majore et Aldermannis in Camera Gihaldaa praasentabunt, etc. 1 See Liber Custumarum, pp. 127, 129. • ' Written 'Papiro ' in the original. 3 Written ' tixtoribus ' in the original. 432 APPENDIX II. [De Turnariis Londoniarum.] F. 49. D. Henricus le Tornour, manens in Wodestrate ; Ri cardus le Tornour; Johannes le Tornour, in venella Sancti Swithini de Candelwike ; Robertus le Tornour, manens apud FJete ; WiUelmus le Tornour extra Por- tam de Bisshopesgate ; Ricardus le Corveiser, Tornour, manens in Wodestrate : — Turners Omnes praascripti fuerunt- jurati die Sabbati proxima make'no ante Festum Sancti Thomaa Apostoli [21 December], Egaikms, anno regni Regis Edwardi, fiUi Regis Edwardi, quarto, qnarts,' aild coram Majore et Aldermannis, quod de caatero non j, 50 faciant aliquas men suras nisi galones, potellos, et quartas, et quod nullas facient falsas mensuras, prout and not niensuraa quaa vocantur ' schopinas ' et ' gilles,' nee ad giii^oriif m°dum pixidum aut ciphorum, seu alio quovis modo ; shapesnciM e^ • -ni t -j -»r • .i-i-i with flocks. regni Kegis Edwardi quinto, coram Majore et Alder mannis quaadam capeUa, alba, nigra, et grisa, quaa in- venta fuerunt super diversos haberdasshers et capeUarios. Et praadicta capella examinata fuerunt per Johannem de Staundone, Johannem Prest, Stephanum de Here ford, et Bartholomaaum le Hattere, in praasentia Ri- cheri de Refham, Maj oris, Thomaa Romain, Johannis de Wengrave, Ricardi de Gloucestria, WiUelmi de Leyre, Johannis de Wyndesore, Nicholai Picot, Simonis de Parys, et Simonis Bolet ; et compertum fuit per sacra- mentum praadictorum examinatorum, quod xl capella grisa et alba, et xv "capella nigra, de supradictis ca- peUis, fuerunt falsi operis et mixti de lana et flokkes. Ideo consideratum fuit, quod in vico de Chepe com- The same to burentur, etc.; et quoad quaadam alia.capeUa quaa hie cLpe™ sunt, quaa nondum examinari possunt ob quasdam diffi- cultates, prout examinatores dicunt, ponuntur in re- spectu, etc. [De Pecimia mutwmda a Civitate Londoniarum.]3 FB9.a. " Edwardus, Dei gratia Rex AngUaa, etc., omnibus Exemptions "ad quos praaseDtes literaa pervenerint, salutem. iaward if 1 The word ' Ulud ' is repeated here by mistake.' 2 See Liber Custumarum, pp. 101- 104. 3 Omitted in the new Edition of Rymer's Fcedera, Vol. II., Parti. VOL. III. E E 434 APPENDIX II. cities of " Sciatis quod cum dilecti nobis Major et Aldermanni, retnrnVa " e* c^eri ciyes nostri Londoniarum, nuper nobis gra- thousind6 " *anter mutuum fecerint de miUe libris sterUngorum, pounds. « nos Y0lentes eisdem Majori, et Aldermannis, et civi- F.69.b. « -fous^ u^. prras^ e£c j^ concesserunt Domino Regi sex centum marcas ex mutuo, ita quod dictum taUagium differatur usque ad proximum ParUamentum. Et Dominus Rex concessit eis respectum dicti taUagn, et inde fecit ei[s] Utteras suas patentes, sub hac forma :— EXTRACTS EROM THE LIBER MEMORANDORUM. 437 " Edwardus, Dei gratia Rex AngUaa, etc., omnibus Exemptions "ad quos praasentes Uteraa pervenerint, salutem. gf anted by " Sciatis quod cum Major, Aldermanni, et caateri cives thereupon. " nostri Londoniarum quadringentas libras nobis per " manus dilecti et fidelis nostri Walteri de Norwico, " Tbesaurarii nostri, mutuo liberari fecerunt, ad quaa- " dam negotia nostra expedienda, nos volentes eisdem " Majori, Aldermannis, et caateris civibus de dicta pe- " cuniaa summa satisfacere, ut tenemur, concessimus " eis quod in proximo auxilio nobis in Civitate nostra " praadicta, seu in Comitatu Middelsexiaa, concedendo, " aut in denariis in eisdem Civitate et Comitatu ad " opus nostrum ex quacumque causa proximo levandis, " praadictas quadringentas libras eis allocari faciemus. " Concessimus etiam eisdem Majori, Aldermannis, et ^^ " civibus, quod taUagium aliquod separatim per capita, *r " vel in communi, super ipsos, bona et catalla, terras " et tenementa, et redditus suos, in Civitate praadicta " et suburbns ejusdem ante proximum ParUamentum F.6i.b. " nostrum assideri, vel de eisdem levari, nuUatenus fa- " ciemus ; salvis semper Majori, Aldermannis, et caateris " civibus dictaa Civitatis, assignationibus eis per nos " prius factis, pro debitis de quibus pro nobis satis- " facere manuceperunt, prout in litteris nostris paten- " tibus, eis inde factis, plenius continetur. In cujus " rei testimonium has litteras nostras fieri fecimus " patentes. Teste meipso, apud Langele, xvi0 die No- " vembris, anno regni nostri octavo." Breve Domini Regis pro Pace conservanda secundum F.65.a. Articulos Statuti Wyntonicc.1 Dominus Rex mandavit breve suum Majori et Vice comitibus Londoniarum, in haac verba:— "Edwardus, Dei gratia, Rex AngUaa, Dominus ™he " Hiberniaa, et Dux Aquitanniaa, Majori et Vicecomi- sheriffs of 1 Omitted in the New Fadera, Vol. II., Part 1. 438 APPENDIX II. London, en- " tibus Londoniarum, salutem. Quia ex clamosa in- ioiningthat . . .. ... . , the statute " sinuatione populi regni nostri accepimus, quod quam- chester shall " plures malefactores, et pacis nostraa perturbatores, in observed. " diversis Comitatibus ejusdem regni, tarn infra liber- " tates quam extra, vagantur et discurrunt, homines " in civitatibus, burgis, et aliis locis publicis et privatis, " verberantes et etiam vulnerantes, et quosdam ex illis " nequiter et malitiose interficientes, et quosdam mem- " bris J mutUantes, necnon depraadationes et alia damna " quamplurima perpetrantes, et insuper parcos nostros " et fidelium nostrorum frangentes, et in eis sine licentia " nostra, et eorum 2 fidelium nostrorum, fugantes, feras- " que in eisdem capientes et asportantes, et sub colore " iUo alia facinora multipliciter committentes, in pacis " nostraa laasionem, et popuU regni nostri praadicti " terrorem manifestum; unde non immerito contur- " bamur : — Nos pacem nostram per totum regnum " nostrum, pro quiete et tranquilUtate popuU nostri " praadicti, (et eo potius quo ad rebeUionem et perfidiam " Scottorum proditorum nostrorum, cum Dei adjutorio, viriUter reprimendam, jam versus partes Scotiaa cum exercitu nostro arripuimus iter nostrum,) volentes firmiter et inviolabiliter observari : — Ad cujus ob- servationem competenter faciendam, necnon ad mahtiam malefactorum hujusmodi, juxta eorum de- merita, puniendam, valde utile reputamus quod Statutum, dudum apud Wyntoniam per Dominum Edwardum, nuper Regem AngUaa, patrem nostrum, de communi consilio regni sui, pro conservatione pacis ejusdem regni editum, manuteneatur in omnibus et singulis suis articulis et servetur, de vestris fideUtate et dUigentia, ac circumspectione provida, confidentes, assignavimus vos ad dictam pacem nostram, necnon ad Statutum praadictum, in omnibus et singulis F. 65. b. 1 Written ' mutulantes.' I rently by inadvertence. 2 Written " de infidelium," appa- | EXTRACTS FROM THE LIBER MEMORANDORUM. 439 " articulis in eodem Statute contentis, in Civitate " nostra Londoniarum custodienda et servanda, et ad " omnes hujusmodi malefactores et pacis nostraa per- " turbatores, ac etiam alios quoscumque qui contra " formam Statuti praadicti delinquerint, attachiandos " et arrestandos, et prisonaa nostraa deliberandos, et " ibidem detinendos, quousque inde deliberentur se- " cundum legem et consuetudinem dicti regni. Et " ideo vobis mandamus, firmiter injungentes, quod " Statutum praadictum in Civitate praadicta publice " recitari, et pacem nostram in eadem Civitate in om- " nibus quaa ad conservationem hujusmodi pertinent, " necnon Statutum praadictum in omnibus et singulis " suis articulis faciatis firmiter observari. Et si quos " malefactores, et pacis nostraa perturbatores in eadem " Civitate, seu aUas, juxta formam Statuti praadicti " attachiabUes, inveneritis, ipsos attachiari, et salvo in " prisona nostra custodiri faciatis, donee aUud duxeri- " mus demandandum ; et talem ac tantam diligentiam F.e6.a. " circa observationem pacis nostraa in Civitate praadicta, " et etiam Statuti praadicti in omnibus et singulis " suis articulis conservandi, modis omnibus apponatis, " quod dictus populus noster in dicta Civitate pace et " tranquilUtate gaudeat, et quiete ; quodque pax nostra " ibidem, prout corditer affectamus, firmiter et in- " violabUiter observetur ; ita quod factum vestrum in " hac parte debeamus merito com[m]endare. In cujus " rei testimonium, has literas nostras fieri fecimus " patentes, quamdiu nobis placuerit duraturas. Teste " meipso, apud Burgum Sancti Petri, xin die ApriUs, " anno regni nostri septimo." Proclamatio facta pro Conservatione Pacis. F.66.a. Virtute istius brevis, Nicholaus de Farndone, tunc Prota^ Major, fecit inquirere per probos homines singularum ffl£0tjfc£ Wardarum de malefactoribus et nocte vagantibus, et therewith. 440 APPENDIX II. fecit proclamare per totam Civitatem proclamationem subscriptam in haac verba : — " Por ceo qe nostre Seignur le Roi est en alant " vers les parties dEscoce, en sa guere sur ses enemis, " et nous ad commande espessement sa pes fermement " garder, come nous fumes de droit tenuz, et le plus " especiaument pur son aler avantdit : vous comandoms " depar le Roi, qe nul prive, nestrange, face chose " countre sa pes, ne sa dignite, ne sa coroune, dedenz la " viUe ne dehors ; ne qe nul aiUe armee, ne porte arme, " suspeeionousement deinz la Cite, en affray ne a " peril del poeple ; ne qe nul aiUe wakeraunt de nuyte f. 66. b. " par male agaite, ne en autre manere, outre corfu sonee ; " ne qe nul ne tiegne deinz la Cite, nen la fraunchise " de ycele, escole de eskyrmerie. Et sil aviegne qe nul " destourbour de la pes le Roi, ou desobeissant a ses " ministres, soit trouvee, tauntost soit pris et arrestu,. " et par my ministre liver e a la prison, et illueqes a " demorer tant come par juggement soit delivere. Et " pur ceo qe graunt noise est en la Cite, par ascunes " Whereas our Lord the King is going towards the parts " of Scotland, in his war against his enemies, and has espe- " cially commanded us strictly to keep his peace, as of right " we were bound, and the more especially by reason of his " going aforesaid ; we do command you on behalf of the " King, that no denizen, or stranger, shall do ' anything " against his peace, or his dignity, or his crown, within " the town or without ; and that no one shall go armed, or " carry arms, suspiciously within the City, in affray or to the " peril of the people ; and that no one shall go wandering by " night upon evil design, or in any other manner, after cur- " few rung ; and that no one shall keep within the City, or " in the liberty thereof, a school for fencing. And if it " happen that any disturber of the King's peace, or person dis- " obedient to his officers, shall be found, let him be forthwith " taken and arrested, and by the officer delivered to prison, " and there to remain until by judgment he shall be delivered. " And whereas there is great uproar in th'e City, through EXTRACTS FROM THE LIBER MEMORANDORUM. 441 " rageries de grosses pelotes de pee ferir en prees du " poeple, dount plusours maux par cas purrount avenir, " qe Dieu defend, comandoms et defendoms [de] par " le Roi, sur peine denprisonement, tieu jeu user deinz " la Cite desore enavant : et qe touz les poinz criez " en la dite Cite aunciens, pur la pes nostre Seignur le " Roi garder, soient bien et fermement gardez de jour " et de nuyte, sur le peril qe appent." De Ordi/natione Prima Cordewenariorwm. f. 7s. a. " Noverint universi, praasens scriptum visuri vel audi- Ordinances " turi, quod haac sunt Provisiones et Statuta quaa probi wlntrfld~ " homines de Allutariis Londoniarum statuerunt seu pro- Henry m. " viderunt, anno regni Regis Henrici, filii Regis Johannis, F- K- b- " quinquagesimo-sexto, de consensu et voluntate Domini " Walteri Hervi, tunc Majoris Londoniarum, caatero- " rumque Baronum ejusdem Civitatis, ad emendationem " et relevationem totius officn, et ad omnimodas falsi- " tates et deceptiones in posterum evitandas." — Inprimis, unanimi voluntate et assensu ipsorum allu- tariorum, statutum est quod nuUus allutarius de, opere basani de caatero se intromittat, sub poena dimidise marcaa solvendaa communaa Civitatis praadictaa ; nee basanarius de opere aUuti amodo se intromittat, sub eadem poena eidem communaa solvenda ; hoc tamen " certain tumults arising from the striking of great foot- " balls in the fields of the public, from which many evils " perchance may arise, which may God forbid, we do com- " mand and do forbid, on the King's behalf, upon pain of " imprisonment, that such game shall be practised from " henceforth within the City : and that all the points of old " proclaimed in the said City, for keeping the peace of our " Lord the King shall be well and strictly kept by day and " hy night, under the peril that thereunto pertains." 442 APPENDIX II. excepto, quod allutarius quisellos ad ocreas de basanto bene et licite facere potest. Allutarius etiam de corio vaccino licite se intromittat, et basanarius similiter. Cistarii quoque, stantes in Foro vel alibi, corium vac- cinum operantes, de opere alluti nee basani nuUatenus se intromittant sub poena praadicta. Praaterea, nullus allutarius ocreas faci[a]t, seu sotulares, de coreo vitu- lino ; nee tales aUcui vendantur sub poena praadicta, cum forisfactura eorundem. Praaterea, nullus aUutarius nee basanarius de caatero aUquem apprenticium recipiat, nisi de consensu et voluntate Majoris et communaa, et nisi Consensu et voluntate Majoris et communaa, et nisi constiterit per F.79. a. suflicientem probationem, ipsum esse bonaa famaa et honestaa conversationis, tractabilem, mansuetum, morige- ratum, prout decet. Et dabit apprenticius allutario pro sua doctrina xl soUdos sterlingorum ad minus ; et com munaa praadictaa ii solidos, et pauperibus in illo officio existentibus, quibus facilitates vivendi non suppe- tunt, n solidos persolvet. Apprenticius autem basanarii dabit pro sua doctrina xx solidos ad minus ; et com munaa supradictaa ii solidos, et pauperibus n solidos, prout est antedictum. Cum vero apprenticius extiterit, et annos suos plene compleverit, et hoc per testimonium domini sui, et aliorum bonorum et legaUum hominum, coram Majore et aliis probis hominibus praadictaa Civi tatis poterit probare, officium suum libere faciat, secun dum consuetudinem Civitatis. Si vero apprenticius extiterit, et annos suos non compleverit antequam in praadicto officio aUquo modo operetur, pro arreragio annorum suorum domino suo satisfaciat, et communaa praadictaa xl solidos persolvat. Praaterea, statutum est, quod si extraneus, veniens in Civitate, officium aUutarii, tanquam magister, voluerit exercere, prius de xl solidis sterlingorum communaa 1 From this word down to ' nisi,' is a repetition by inadvertence. F. 79. b. EXTRACTS FROM THE LIBER MEMORANDORUM. 443 praadictaa ad minus satisfaciat, et de duobus soUdis in subsidium pauperum tribuat. Si vero extraneus officium basanarii praadicto modo voluerit exercere, prius de xx solidis communaa praadictaa satisfaciat, et pauperibus de duobus solidis, prout superius est ex- pressum. Praaterea, nullus extraneus aliquod genus calciamenti in Civitate nee in suburbio Londoniarum vendat per parceUos, sed in grosso; et si quis aliter fecerit, perdet Ulud quodcumque genus, et nihilominus solvet pcenam praanominatam. Insuper, de basanariis taliter est statutum, quod nullus eorum, sub poena praadicta, in aUquibus nundinis locum capiat seu teneat inter allutarios, sed alibi per se, ubi melius poterit, et sibi viderit expedire. Item, nullus praadictorum officiorum sub eadem poena, eidem communaa solvenda, alterius servientem in servitio suo recipiat, nee ad eum venire procuret, nisi idem serviens a priori domino suo, cum quo steterit, licite fuerit recessus. Nullus etiam serviens, sub posna praadicta, appren- ticium sub se habeat, seu habere praasumat ; cum hoc 'cederet in praajudicio dominorum suorum, et amissionem vehementem. Item, nullus praadictorum officiorum, prout communiter est statutum, plures servientes quam octo circa se retineat ; ita quod unusquisque eorum servientes suos ad pacem Domini Regis possit habere, et pro eisdem, cum necesse fuerit, respondere, et quod, praa multitudine servientium, pax Domini nostri Regis praadicti nequaquam laadatur. Item, nullus praadictorum officiorum, sub poena supradicta, operari faciat de nocte, inter Festum Sancti- MichaeUs et Nativitatem Domini ; nuUique eorum, sub eadem poena, liceat aliquod genus calciamenti extra shopam suam ad consuendum et F 80 a reparaiidum tradere, nee transmittere ; quia frequenter accidit quod servientes, cum sint in possessione domi norum suorum, iUicite recedunt, et bona, quaa ex hujus- Written ' cederat,' by inadvertence. 444 APPENDIX II. modi contradictione habentur, asportant vel inutiliter reparant. NuUus insuper de Civitate Londoniarum praadicta aliquod genus calciamenti per vicos seu plateas Civitatis ejusdem ad vendendum ferat, vel per alium ferre faciat, nisi inter vicum qui vulgariter dicitur ' Corveiserestrate' et vicum qui eodem 'idiomate dicitur ' Sopereslane,' et hoc per dies operabiles soiummodo, ante prandium, et in Vigilibus solemnibus soiummodo, post prandium ; nee extra Civitatem, infra spatium viginti leucarum per circuitum, exceptis nundinis et VigUiis, sub poena praataxata. Item, si aliquis de libertate Civitatis praadictaa de mercatoribus quibuscunque allutum emat in grosso, et alutarius ejusdem libertatis quisquam casualiter super- veniat, bene liceat eis sine contradictione alicujus, suo nomine vel aliorum, partem habere in ilia emptione, dum tamen securitatem venditori invenerit sufficientem. Et si quis contravenerit, pcenam centum soUdorum sus- tinebit. Item, nullus corerarius sit inter alutarios, nisi per electionem eorum, et nisi coram Majore et BaUivis Civitatis praadictaa eisdem sit eorum juramento astric- tus. Item, duo magistri unam eandemque placeam ne- f.so. b. quaquam occupent, sed unusquisque eorum per se stet et operetur, si pcenam dimidiaa marcaa veUt effugere praanominatam. Et caveat etiam unusquisque praadicto rum operariorum, sub poena xl solidorum, alium de loco plus donando a ejicere, nisi aUquam certam et ra- tionabUem causam monstrare poterit, ob quam sit 2ejiciendus. Item, si aliquod alutum in Civitate praa dicta inventum fuerit male coureatum, et hoc coram Majore et BaUivis probetur, iUud alutum omnino ad opus saapedictaa Communaa sit forisfactum, ipsumque cujus est hujusmodi corium, praadicta poena dimidiaa marcaa nihilominus puniendo. 1 Written ' ydeomate ' in the ori- I - Written ' eicere ' and ' eiciendus,' ginal. I in the original. EXTRACTS FROM THE LIBER MEMORANDORUM. 445 Ad haac omnia suprascripta statuta, ad totius regni Twelve eommodum confecta, fideliter custodienda, et amercia- STbSto menta delinquentium cum forisfacturis levanda.et Came- bechosen- rariis Civitatis praadictaa, qui nunc sunt et pro tem pore erunt, integraliter tradenda, ad opus commune ejusdem, elegerunt praadicti alutarii xii probos homines et legales, ejusdem offitii Custodes principales, pro om nibus juratos, coram Majore et BaUivis, quod fideliter, prout est antedictum, omnia subscripta Statuta custo- dient, cum subsidio communitatis, et amerciamenta se cundum posse suum levabunt, et eorum nomina qui contravenerint praadictis Majori et BaUivis in scriptis tradent, ut delinquentes secundum quantitatem delicti puniantur. Nemini parcent, nee injuste cuiquam noce- bunt, gratia, odio, timore, vel favore, sed secundum Deum et justitiam in omnibus ' procedent. Nomina Custodum in dorso praasentis scripti ciro- graphati indorsantur ; qui eidem sigUla sua apposue- runt. Et morabitur una pars in Thesauro Civitatis, et altera pars penes Custodes officii. F.Sl. F.S Consuetudines Veteres de Ripa Regince. Dominus Rex mandavit Domino WiUelmo de Eboraco, customs Praaposito Beverlee, et Henrico de Bathonia, et Jeremiaa Queen?* de Caxtone, anno regni Regis Henrici, fiUi Regis Jo- the althor hannis, xxviii, et sociis suis, Justiciariis Itinerantibus enry apud Turrim Londoniarum, quod omni diligentia et modis quibus potuerunt, inquirere faciant quaa con suetudines pertinebant ad Hetham Reginaa Londoniarum anno proximo2 ante guerram motam inter Dominum Johannem Regem, patrem suum, et Barones suos Angliaa. Et cum de consuetudinibus ilUs et aliis quaa ad praa dictam hetham pertinebant tempore praadicto eis con- 1 Written ' procedunt.' 2 For an account of the Customs levied at Queen-Hythe at a more recent period, see Liber Albus, pp. 238, 240. 446 APPENDIX II, F. S3, a. F. 83. b. stiterit, et quaa postea mutata fuerint et aUenata, cum sollicitudine et cautela quibus poterunt, laborent ad praadictam hetham in statum debitum reformandum, et quod teneatur in eisdem consuetudinibus quibus teneri consuevit tempore praadicto. 1 Coram quibus convictum fuit per Majorem et Al dermannos Civitatis, quod tempore praadicto fuerunt tales consuetudines ad praadictam hetham spectantes ; scilicet, de qualibet 8 sippa, i. mensura continente quinque quarteria saUs, quaa fuerunt hominis extranei, et etiam si fuerunt alicujus hominis de Quinque Por- tubus, et applicuerit aut venerit, ubicumque fuerit, [inter] 8 Woreparthe et Anedehethe, vel ultra, dabit ii denarios ad firmam dictaa Ripaa. Item, si aliquis de civibus Londoniarum partem habeat in dicta sippa saUs, nihil dabit de portione sua; sed residuum, quod pertinet ad forinsecos, dabit consuetudinem secundum quantitatem rei suaa. Item, si aliquis forinsecus aUec, bladum, vel hujus modi, simul cum sale, in una navi duxerit, Ucitum est baUivo Reginaa capere de apparentiori parte cataUorum praadictorum. Item, si aliquis forinsecus, et etiam de Quinque Portubus, fuerit, et venerit cum salmone, si centum vel amplius attulerit, dabit duos salmones ad firmam Reginaa. Et si in Soka Reginaa applicuerit, unum dabit de melioribus et unum de mediocrioribus. Et si minus quam centum attulerit, dabit secundum quantitatem rei usque ad quartam partem. Et si minus quam quartam partem centenaa attuleritj nihU dabit nisi strandagium. Item, de milvello salso 1 From the word ' coram ' down to 'pradicto,' is omitted in Liber Memorandorum ; and is here inserted from Liber Horn. 2 ' i. sife ;' Note to the copy in Liber Horn, f. 342. b. 3 " Memorandum quod Werepath, " vel Worpath, est in Orientali parte " de Fleta de Berkynge, a Londoniis " in Orientem per vii millia pas- " suum ; et Anedehethe est juxta " Westmonasterium, in parte Occi- " dentali Londoniarum." Note in Liber Horn, f, 342. b. EXTRACTS FROM THE LIBER MEMORANDORUM. 447 eadem capienda est consuetudo ad firmam Reginaa in eadem Soka quam Vicecomes capiat ad opus Domini Regis apud BiUyngesgate. Item, si forinsecus, et etiam de Quinque Portubus, allec album salsatum in navi sua duxerit in Soka Reginaa, capienda est de navi i centena. Et si aUquis de civibus Londoniarum par tem habeat secum, nihil de portione sua capiat. Item, forinsecus quicunque primum rubeum allec adduxerit, non fraellatum, dabit centum; et alii qui supervenerunt cum eodem genere alleciaa, sive sit fra- ell[at]um sive non, nihU dabunt per totum annum, praater strandagium navis. Item, si aliquis forinsecus salmonem vel mulvellum salsatum emerit in navi, et Ulud in altera navi posuerit,1 de quolibet miUenario dabit obolum. Item, de salmone et mulvello emptis in shopis suis in eadem Soka, de qualibet centena ca pienda sunt ii denarii, sicut praadictum est de navibus. Item, de allecibus emptis in shopis, de quolibet miUe nario capiendum est 2 i' denarius obolus, sicut de navi bus. Item, de omni genere piscium recentium venien- tium in Soka Reginaa, eadem consuetudo capienda est quaa capitur de eisdem generibus piscium ad firmam Domini Regis ad Pontem Londoniarum. Item, de qualibet navi quaa navigatur infra orlokes, capiendi sunt U denarii ad firmam Reginaa, nisi tan tum sit de Londoniis vel de Quinque Portubus. Item, de navi quaa navigatur cum tholUis, capiendum est 2 i denarius obolus. Item de qualibet schuta descen- dente in Soka Reginaa cum 8 blado, capiendus est i F.84. 1 — " ad ducendum per aguam, de " quolibet centeno dabit ii denarios ; " et si minus quam centum, dabit se- " cundum quantitatem rei emptce. " Si aliquis forinsecus allec emerit " hi una navi et posuerit in altera," etc. Insertion in Liber Horn, f. 343. a. 2 The words " i denarius " are erased in Liber Horn._ 3 After this word in Liber Horn, " capiendi sunt i denarius et obolus. " Si autem cum busca sine blado," is added. 448 APPENDIX II. denarius. Omnes consuetudines praascriptaa conservandaa sunt et tenendaa tam in portu de Douuegate quam in Ripa Reginaa, ad opus Domini Regis. Item, bladum quod applicuerit inter Gutteram de GUdhaUe Colonensium et Socham Archiepiscopi Cantuariaa, non solet mensu- rari per aliud quarterium quam per quarterium de Soka Reginaa. Item, licitum est ballivo Ripaa Reginaa capere Scawyngam in Selda Wyntoniaa ad opus 1 Ripaa Reginaa, sub eadem forma qua Vicecomes Londoniarum alibi in Londoniis Scawyngham capit ad opus Domini Regis. Item, si aliquis consuetudinem suam detinuerit, et a Civitate recesserit cum eadem consuetudine, incidit in misericordiam ballivi. Item, si quis consuetudinem bal livo vel ejus ministro obtulerit persolvendam, et UH capere noluerint, quamvis a Civitate recedit, non est amerciandus. Item, omnes assisaa Civitatis, in Hus- tengo provisaa et statutaa ad emendationem Civitatis, F.84.h. statuendaa sunt et observandaa in Soka Reginaa. Et ideo consideratum est, quod Dominus Rex habeat seisinam suam de omnibus consuetudinibus praadictis secundum quod per eundem Majorem et cives recogni- tum est. Post venerunt baUivi praadictaa hethaa, et conquerun- tur quod post praadictam recognitioncin, applicuerunt xiiii naves 2forinsecaa apud BiUingesgate, quaa debue- runt appUcuisse ad praadictam hetham. Et ideo con sideratum est, quod si aliqua navis forinseca, cum pis- cibus, in forma praadicta applicuerit alibi quam ad praadictam hetham, sit in misericordia Domini Regis, sciUcet ad xl solidos. Et haac poena locum habeat usque ad unum mensem post Festum Sancti MichaeUs hoc anno. Et interim, secundum transgressionem suam 1 This word is omitted in Liber | 2 The words " cum piscibus " are Horn. | added after this word, in Liber Horn. EXTRACTS FROM THE LIBER MEMORANDORUM. 449 providebitur de 1 graviori poena infligenda, si formam praadictam observare noluerint. Post venerunt Major et cives, et dicunt quod omne.s naves extraneorum cum omnibus piscibus salsatis exceptis 2 spindelerbotes, applicuerunt ad praadictam hetham tempore praadicto, sed naves quaa fuerint civium Londoniarum applicuerunt alibi, ubi voluerint. Et ideo Dominus Rex habeat seisinam suam donee aliud quid inde perceperit. Corrodium de Ponte. T, .„„ , 1' > lot), l.i. " Omnibus Sanctaa Matris Ecclesiaa filiis, praasens g™ij of a x Corodyby " scriptum inspecturis vel audituris, Gregorius de Ro- theWardens " kesle et Nicholaus de Wyntonia, tunc Custodes Pontis ^1ri^e- and " Londoniarum, et ejusdem loci Fratres, salutem inj*™"^. " Domino. Noverit universitas vestra nos, nomine etHouso- ° " assensu totius communitatis Londoniarum, dedisse, con- F.isi.a. " cessisse, et praasenti scripto nostro confirmasse, Henrico " dicto ' In-the-Lane/ et Isabellaa, uxori suaa, quoad " vixerint, et eorum alteri quamdiu vixerit, eorum " competens corrodium, cotidie possidendum competenter, " ad superiorem mensam domus praadictaa, adeo libere, " plenarie, et integre, ut habent duo Capellani, seu duo " Fratres, ad invicem in dicta mensa comedentes, una " cum corrodio unius eorum famulaa bonaa conversa- " tionis, quam habebunt sibi servituram, et cotidie cum " libera familia dictaa domus ad secundam mensam " comedentem ; quaa erit movenda, cum rationabiliter " per fideles possit probari, quod ipsa male et incon- " venienter se gesserit in domo supradicta; et iterum " de una alia bona et conveniente se provideant reha- 1 Written ' graviora ' by inadver tence. 2 Written ' spindlerebotes ' in Li ber Horn. VOL. III. F F 3 See Liber Custumarum, pp. 94, 95 ; and Introduction to Liber Cus tumarum, pp. cii, ciii. 450 APPENDIX II. " benda. Habebunt insuper sibi, et tenebunt, duas " cameras honestas, existentes in capite Orientali magni " solarii infra septa domus praadictaa, et quoddam aliud " solarium propinquius ex parte AustraU, una cum " liberis introitibus et exitibus, atque eisiamentis un- " dique eundi et redeundi intus et exterius, pro eorum " libito voluntatis, sine aliqua occasione et aliqua con- " tradictione, omnibus diebus vitaa eorum ; ita quod " nos, dicti Custodes et Fratres, et successores nostri, F.isi.b. « a(j dictas duas cameras et solarium propinquius " supradictum, de proprio custu domus praadictaa, in " omnibus, cum necesse fuerit, integraUter sustentabi- " mus, reparabimus, et fieri faciemus. Praaterea, bene " licebit praadictis Henrico et IsabeUaa, quandocumque " voluerint, testamenta sua 1condere, et cuicumque et " ubicumque ipsi, et alter eorum qui diutius vixerit, " omnia bona sua, mobUia et immobilia, dare, legare, " et assignare, et de eisdem ordinare [et] disponere ; " sic quod executores eorum possint inde, secundum " quod in eorum ultima voluntate ordinabunt, plenam " et liberam administrationem obtinere, absque aUquo " impedimento, et aUqua calumnia, seu contradictione " et sequestratione, nostri et successorum nostrorum, " seu alicujus alterius domus praadictaa. Si vero con- '¦ tingat quod dicti Henricus et IsabeUa, aliquo tem- ' pore infra tempus vitaa eorum, a domo praadicta ' voluerint recedere, et ea quaa superius sunt expressa " resignare, nos, dicti Custodes et Fratres, volumus et " concedimus, pro nobis et successoribus nostris, non " obstante aliquo consUio seu impedimento nostri seu " domus praadictaa, quod ipsi, pro eorum mera volun- " tate, omnia quaa habent infra clausum dictaa domus " extrahere faciant et possideant, prout sibi melius et '¦' utilius videbitur expedire, extra Umites dictaa domus, " ad inhabitandum propriis sumptibus eorum se pro- F. 132. a. Incorrectly written ' concedere.' EXTRACTS FROM THE LIBER MEMORANDORUM. 451 " videant ; dum tamen nos, dicti Custodes et Fratres, " et successores nostri qui pro tempore fuerint, praa- " muniamur unum annum ante suum decessum, et hoc " in Vigilia Sancti Michaelis. Quoniam extunc in " antea, propter resignationem praamissorum, cum modo " praadicto fuerint resignata, nos, dicti Custodes et " Fratres, pro nobis et successoribus nostris, dedimus " et concessimus, et praasenti scripto nostro confirma- " Vimus, dictis Henrico et Isabellaa, quoad vixerint, et " eorum alteri qui diutius vixerit, quandam libera- " tionem ad domum praadictam, per se seu per eorum " attornatum singulis diebus obtinendam, et * horis de- " bitis et consuetis ibidem quaarendam, et quo volue- " rint extra limites domus praadictaa liberaliter aspor- " tandain, sub hac forma ; videlicet, cotidie duos panes " albos, quoUbet eorum ponderante quinquaginta et " sex solidos sterlingorum, una cum duobus galonibus " meUoris cervisiaa, per mensuram regiam fideUter men- " suratis; quibus pane et cervisia CapeUani et Fratres " utuntur ad superiorem mensam domus praadictaa; et " unum galonem cervisiaa juxta meliorem, per praadic- " tam mensuram, qua utitur libera famiUa dictaa domus " ad mensam secundam ; et unum ferculum coquinaa " dictaa domus, de quoUbet genere prandii in eadem " confecti, prout tempus desiderat ; adeo Ubere, pie- y.mX " narie, [et] integre, cotidie sibi liberandum, cum pota- " gio, ut liberabitur duobus Capellanis, sen duobus " Fratribus, dictaa domus, ad superiorem mensam simul " comedentibus ; una cum quodam ferculo Urdus generis " prandii, et potagio dictaa coquinaa singulis diebus, ut " liberabitur alicui Ubero servienti ad secundam mensam " dictaa domus comedenti. Et dimidium quarterium " frumenti, et dimidium quarterium siUginis, annuatim " de sexdecim septimanie in sexdecim septimanas per- " cipienda ad grangiam domus praadictaa, de melion ' Written " horns debitas '» iii the original, hy inadvertence. F F 2 452 APPENDIX II. " blado crescente super terras ad domum praadictam " pertinentes ; seu de adeo bono blado de emptione, " cum propria blada earundem terrarum forte defece- " rint, quod absit ; una cum stramine, rationabiliter ad " lectum dictorum Henrici et Isabellaa, et lectum unius " servientis eorum, cum inde necesse habuerint et hoc " petere voluerint, sibi liberando ; et libere introitum " et exitum eundi et redeundi infra clausum praadictaa " domus, et extra, pro praamissis quaarendis et aspor- " tandis secundum formam memoratam ; una cum eisia- " mento kaii dictaa domus, ad eorum res proprias, cum " necesse habuerint, eisiandas, carcandas et discarcandas, " portandas et asportandas, tam infra quam extra clau- " sum supradictum. Et nos dicti Custodes et Fratres, " et successores nostri, dictis Henrico et IsabeUaa quoad F.i33.a. « vixerin^ et eorum alteri qui diutius vixerit, omnia " et singula praamissa contra omnes gentes waranti- " zabimus, defendemus, et acquietabimus, secundum " formam antedictam. Pro hac autem donatione, conces- " sione, warantia, defensione, acquietancia, et praasentis " scripti nostri confirmatione, dederunt nobis dicti " Henricus et IsabeUa, ad utilitatem dictaa domus, et " Pontis praadicti sustentationem, centum marcas ster- " lingorum. Et ut omnia et singula praamissa rata " sint et stabilia, ut superius est expressum, nos dicti " Custos et Fratres commune sigillum Pontis praadicti, " una cum sigillo Majoratus Londoniarum huic praa- " senti scripto, pro majori securitate, duximus appo- " nendum. Hiis testibus, Johanne Horn, WiUelmo de " Durham, Henrico de Coventre, PhUippo le Taverner, " Thoma de Basyngge, Waltero le Potere, Henrico de " Frowike, Petro de Edelmetone, Wolmaro de Essexe, " Johanne de Blakeneie, Willelmo de Hadestoke, Ro- " berto de Meldeborne, Simone de Hadestoke, Ra- " dulpho le Blound, Johanne de Northamptone, tunc " Aldermannis dictaa Civitatis, et aliis. Actum Lon- doniis, die Dominica in Festo Assumptionis Beataa " Mariaa Virginis [15 August], anno Gratiaa miUesimo EXTRACTS FROM THE LIBER MEMORANDORUM. 458 ducentesimo septuagesimo-septimo, et anno regni Regis Edwardi, filii Regis Henrici, quinto. Quibus die et anno, ego dictus Gregorius fui Major Londoniarum, Radulpho le Feure et Roberto de Arraz tunc Vice comitibus." F. 133. b, Nomina Anglicana usitata in Chartis Antiquorum Regum Anglice, et adhuc apposita in Chartis Modernorum, exposita ab Alexandra, Archiepiscopo Salapim, secundum quod continetur in Legibus Aluredi Regis, Athelstani, Mthelredi, Edwardi, et Knuti, Regum.1 Pondbreche Trespas vers seignur. Borghbreche .... Forfet de cite debruse. Miskennyng . . . Mesprise de parole en Courte. Schewyte Quite de mesure et de mar- chandise. Lestynge Charger la ou lem voudra. Gal- lice vocatur ' lestange.' F.135.a. Pondbreche BorghbrecheMiskennyng Schewyte . Lestynge Offence against the lord.3 Penalty for breaking into a city. Mistake of words in Court. 3Acquittance of [payment for] mea surement of merchandize. * [Liberty] to load where one may please. In French it is called ' lestange.' 1 See a somewhat similar list in Appendix G. (p. 439,) to the His tory of Bartholomew Cotton, printed in the present Series. 2 More properly " Breach of the " peace." ' Mondbreche,' or ' Mund- ' breche,' is the correct reading. " Probably meaning "Acquittance " of Scavage," or of " Showage of " merchandize." See p. 357 of the present Volume. 4 See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum., p. 812, s.v. ' Lastagium.' 454 APPENDIX II. Frithsoken Quite de fraunk plegge. Flemenfreme .... Chateux a futifs, Weregulthef .... Laroun qi poet estre reint. Sexenelage ..... Quod est pretium hominis vitaa appreciatum. Outlopen Eschap de prisoun. Forfenge Quite de avant prise dont Londres, qi pernent prises avaunt le Roi. Infienge Quite de prise en festes. Ferdwite Quite de merci qil ne viegnent en ost. Fithwite Quite de merci pur mesle. Blodwite Quite de merci pur sank espandu. Frithsoken Acquittance of frank-pledge, Flemenfreme .... [Right to] the chattels of fugitives. Weregulthef .... A thief that may be redeemed.1 Sexenelage 2 That which is the appraised value of a man's life. Outlopen Escape from prison. Forfenge Acquittance of taking prisage in London, as to those who take pri sage before the King.3 Infienge Acquittance of prisage on feasts. Ferdwite Acquittance of amercement for not coming to the 4 host. Fithwite Acquittance of amercement for medley. Blodwite Acquittance of amercement for bloodshed. 1 By paying his ' were.' Seep. 370 ofthe present Volume. - Meaning probably the 'were;' an institution peculiar to the Saxon Laws. 3 This is prohahly the meaning ; hut the French text is evidently corrupt. 4 Or •' army.' 5 See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum., p. 725, s, v. ' Fightwyta.' EXTRACTS FROM THE LIBER MEMORANDORUM. 455 Wardewyte Quite de merci . qil ne troeve homme a garde faire. Hengwyte Quite de merci pur laroun pendu sanz agarde. Hamsoken Quite de merci dentrer en autri hostel a force. Forstal Estupure de chimin, qe lem ne poet le chimin et le chaz aver. Infongeneth[ef] . . . Laroun pris en vostre terre. Outfongenethefe . . . Prendre laroun sur autre terre, et remener U denz sa fran chise. Sake Forfet dount un homme est ajugge a sa lei. Sokne Suite de tranche Courte. Tol . . .... Quite de tonu. Them La generation de voz vUeins. Wardewyte Acquittance of amercement for not finding a man to keep ward. Hengwyte Acquittance of amercement for a thief hanged without judgment. Hamsoken Acquittance of amercement for en tering another's house by force. Forstal ...... Stoppage of the road, so that one cannot have the road and the side- way. Infongeneth[ef] . . . Capture of a thief on your own land. Outfongenethefe . . . The taking of a thief on another's land, and bringing him back within one's own franchise. Sake Penalty to which a man is con demned at his 1 law. Sokne Suit of free Court. Tol Acquittance of toll. Them The offspring of your villeins. 1 Seep. 392 ofthe present Volume, s. vv. " Legem facere" and 'Lex.' 456 APPENDIX II. Soke Quite de arrure. Sake Quite de average et de cariage. Hudegeld La batre del serf qi mesprent. Borghbote Refere les murs de la cite. Briggebote Refere les pountz, qe lem poet passer. Fedfare Quite daler en host. Inlage Sugette a la lei le Roi. Utlage Hors de lei, ou forsbany. Yeu Serfe. Yan Fraunke. Overpeny — Hundredepeny — Tithingpeny — Hidage — Danegelde — Hornegelde — Lestage — Taillage — Stallage. Soke . Acquittance of ploughage. Sake Acquittance of ' average and of car riage. Hudegeld The beating of a serf who offends. Borghbote The repairing of the walls of a city. Briggebote The repairing of bridges, that people may pass. Fedfare Acquittance of going with the host. Inlage Subject to the law of the King. Utlage Out of law, or banished. 2 Yeu A serf. 3 Yan A freeman. 1 See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum, p. S29, s. v. ' Summagium,' and p. 791, s. v. ' Careyum.' - This is probably au error for ' theu,' from the A. S. beop, a serf ; or for ' then ' an A. Saxon word of the same meaning. 3 This word may possibly he in tended to represent the A. S. bsegn, "a thane." APPENDIX III. LETTER of John Caepentek, Common Cleek op the City op London, and Compiler op the LIBER ALBUS, DESCEIPTIVE OF THE EnTEY OP HeNKY THE SlXTH into the City, on Thuesday, the 20th op Febeuaey 1432, APTEK HIS EETTJEN peom Feance. Feom LET TER-BOOK K, PEESEEVED AT GUILDHALL. " Inter castera quaa nobilis ilia Civitas Londoniarum ordi- f. i03.b. " navit prae gaudio reventus supremi Domini sui, Eegis " Henrici Sexti, qui nuper hasreditario jure abiit in regionem " longinquam accipere sibi regnum Francias et reverti, tali- " ter est pro visum. — " Memorandum, quod die Jovis, vicesimo die Fehruarii, " anno regni dicti Domini Regis Henrici Sexti decimo, " postquam robusta ventorum austeritas et pluviarum copiag " per dies aliquot prohibitae cessavissent, solque refulserit " in clipeos aureos, et laetitia magna fuit in populo Civitatis, " pras gaudio ejusdem Domini Eegis, qui, prsefati regni " sui Franciae nuper accepta corona et sceptro, potitus " ejusdem cum sospitate corporea pacifice remeavit in reg- " num suum Angliae, et ilia die dictam Civitatem Lon- " doniarum praesentia sua magnifica disposuit honorare ; " Major et viginti-quatuor seniores, sive senatores, necnon " Vicecomites et plures quam duodecim millia civium et in- " colarum ejusdem, decenter ornati, cum famulia multa nimis " prascedente de modulatoribus, sive ministrallis, ac servien- " tibus et ministris Civitatis clavas argenti deauratas, armis " ejusdem insculptas, deferentibus, circa horam octavam " ipsius diei ascendunt equos, et exierunt obviam eidem " Domino Regi adusque quendam locum vocatum 'Blake- " 'hethe,' per quatuor milliaria distantem ab urbe; ubi tota 458 APPENDIX III, " Civitas, super montem posita et in duas partes ordina- " tissime parata, resplenduit et viam intermediam exhi- « bebat. " Major namque, in velveto de crimismo electissimo, et " senatus Aldermannorum in scarleto finissimo cum furruris " egregiis, totusque populus in togis albissimis et capuciis " rubeis vestiti fuerunt ; singula? tamen misteras per se cum " diversis signis et inbroudacionibus de serico et aliis (i notulis sumptuosis, artes suas exprimentibus, elegantev ''• sunt distincti. " Cumque per modicum spatium pausassent et expectas- " sent ibidem, dictus illustrissimus Rex venit a manerio " suo de Eltham versus Civitatem antedictam, cum ingenti " multitudine Ducum, Comitum, Baronum, procerum, mag- " n&tum, ac militum et armigerorum, se circumdantium ; " quern oum idem Major, senatus, et populus, aspexissent " a longe venientem, emittentes pras gaudio lacrimas in " maxjllis, et induentes iidem Major et seniores habitus suos " consuetos, scilicet armilausas de scarleto purissimo, ditis- " sime penulatas, accesserunt eidem, et humiliatione facta " quaa decuit, obtulerunt sibi se et sua, votivos quoque " lastitias jubilos quos habuerunt de reventu suo, sibi per os " dicti Majoris, Anglice retulerunt in haec verba : — " ' Soveraigne L.orde, as welcome be ye to ypur noble " ' roialme of Englonde, and in especial unto your notable " ' cite London, otherwise called your ' Chambre,' as ever " ' teas Cristen prince to place or people, and of the good " ' and l gracioux achevying of your coroune of Fraunce, " 'wethanke hertliche our Lorde Almyghty, w hie he of his " ' endles mercy sende you grace in yoye and prosperite " ' on us and alie your other people, long for to regne.' '•' Quo facto, ah ipso Domino Rege gratiosjssitne et benig- " nissime sunt accepti. " Et post heec idem Dominus Rex per medium illorum " equitabat, usque villam de Depforde; ubi processionaliter " occurrerunt ei primo circiter centum et viginti rectores et " curati Civitatis, capis ditissimig, et quingenti capellani "^saBculares superpelliciis mundissimis induti ; deinde totidem " monachi, canonici, fratres, et alii regulares concionatim This word is doubtful. LETTER OF JOHN CARPENTER. 459 " stantes cum crucibus, cereis, et thuribulis suis thurificantes " eum, et de jocundo adventu suo laudantes Dominum, et " pro statu suo prospero devotissime deprecantes, psallentes, '< et dicentes diversas antiphonas cum versiculis et orationibus " consuetis. «< Et deinde, equitando per medium burgi de guthwerk, " pervenit ad exteriorem finem Civitatis prope Pontem ; ubi " parabatur machina, satis pulchra, in cujus medio stabat " gigas miras magnitudinis, vibrans et extendens gladium in " hostes regiaa majestatis, hac prpinde scriptura circum- " ductus ; ' Iriimicos ejus induam confusione.' Ex utroque " quidem latere ipsius gigantis in eadem i pagina erigebantur " duo animalia vocata ' antelops,' quas regnorum Angliaa et " Francias arma vexUlatim fulgentia patule supportabant. " Super ipsum vero Pontem speciosa fabrica splendoris " eximii relucebat ; in qua tres imperatrices et dominas, " mirabili splendore coruscantes, Natura 2suple, Gratia, et " Fortuna, consedebant ; et assurgentes in adventuni Regis " ipsum praetereuntem suis donis beatis munerabant : Natura, " scilicet, fortitudine et decore ; Gratia, sapientia et intellectu ; " Fortuna, divitiis et honoribus ; habentes illud Davidicum " pedibus suis antescriptum,3 — ' Intende prospere, procede, " ' et regna ;' quasi dicerent : — ' Intende prospere per for- " ' tunam ; procede longaave per naturam ; et regna virtuose " ' per gratiam.' " A dextro latere dictaa fabricaa stabant septem deificss " Virtutes in puellaribus effigiebus, coronis aureis dedicates, " et solis indutae jubaribus super femora blodia ccelestina ; " quas, cum exploraverant Dominum Regem venientem, exibant " obviam ei ad exteriora palatii sui, septem dona Sancti " Spiritus per emissionem septem albarum columbarum " sibi figuraliter exhibentes, et dicentes per rescriptum, — " ' Lmpleat te Dominus spiritu sapientiaa et intellectus, " ' spiritu consilii et fortitudinis, spiritu scientiae et pietatis, " ' et spiritu timoris Domini.' A sinistro quoque latere " septem alias virgines lacteis liliataa vestitibus, et stellatis " corporibus elucentes, septem insignia regalia rotulo pedibus P. 104. a. 1 An error probably for 'machina.' 2 An error, evidently, for some other word. 3 An adaptation, apparently, of Psalm xiv. 4. 460 APPENDIX III. <•' earum taliter subscripto recitata prassentabant ; ' Accipe " ' coronam glorias, sceptrum dementias, gladium justitiaa, " ' pallium prudentias, scutum fidei, galeam salutis, et vin- " ' culum pads,' Et extunc omnes virgines illas, quasi simul '• de prosperoso adventu Domini Regis exultantes animis, " plaudentes manibus, et jubilantes tripudiis, Regi nostro " psallebant sapienter novum canticum, sive carmen, in hasc " verba : — ' Soveraigne lorde to your cite ' With- alie reverence welcome ye be. ' Thanked be Gode of' his goodnesse -, Londone your ' That you hath kepte from hevynesse I Chambre for ' And brought you ayen wl gladenesse J to se. ' Thanked be ye w* alie lowenes -> To worschipe ' That nought wolde spare youre tendrenes \ your londe in ' But put you to travaile and besynes J eche degre. ' Wherfor God that ys fulle of myght i The piler of ' Hath holpe you atteyne your right > worschipe ' And crouned twyes uf gemes bright J that ye le. ' Londone be glad w* alie thi myght i Wherfor nowe ' For God hath sent unto thi sight > syng and saye ' Thi lorde thi prince thi liyng by right J to' me : ' Soveraigne lorde to your cite ' W* alie reverence welcome ye be. Idemque Dominus Rex, sic salutatus et receptus, ac donis gratuitis prasditus et infusus, pertransibat usque speciosum tabernaculum Dominss Sapientise super vii columnas quas exciderat solemniter erectum in vico Sancti Petri de Cornhille, uhi reperiit et videbat ipsam dominam ccelestem sedentem assistricem in vestitu deaurato circum- datam varietate, sedentem in peritissimo cpnsistorio septem Scientiarum liberalium ; quarum quaslibet secum habebat famosissimum prasceptorem artis suas ; puta, Grammatica Priscianum informantem, Logica Aristotelem disputantem, 1 Rhetorica Tullium eloquentem, Musica Boetium philo- menantem, Arsmetrica 2Pigtagoram numerantem, Geome- trica Euclidem metientem, et Astronomia Albunazar ethe- reantem. Habebat namque dicta Domina notulas illas allectivas proverbiorum capiti suo superscriptas ; — ' Per ' me reges regnant, et gloriam sapientes possidebunt.' Et 1 liethorica ' in the original. I * For ' Pythagoram.' LETTER OF JOHN CARPENTER. 461 " ante prasfatas scientias et doctores, in fronte tabernaculi, " scriptum erat illud exhortatorium Davidicum, juvenibus " regibus congruum ; — l ' Et nunc, reges, intelligite ; erudi- " ' mini, qui judicatis terrain.' In hoc etiam tabernaculo, " Musica cum Boetio practicam artis suas per diversorum " instrumentorum modulamina propalabant. Prasterea, super " Conductum aquas sphaericum in dicto vico exaltabatur qui- " dam excelsus justitias thronus, admirabilis decoris ; in cujus " medio residebat speciosus juvenis regalibus indutus, habens " sibi ad tutelam Dominam Misericordiam in dextris, et " Dominam Veritatem in sinistris, assistentes, Dominam etiam " Clementiam desuper brachiis suis amplexantem et robo- " rantem thronum antedictum, juxta illud proverbium, — " - ' Misericordia et Veritas custodiunt Regem, et dementia " ' roboratur thronus ejus.' Coram vero dicto Rege stabant " miro modo, sed tamen juxta convenientiam gradus sui " nobiliter decorati, duo senes judices et octo legisperiti, judi- " cium et justitiam corporis politici reprassentantes per hasc " rescripta Davidica ; 3 ' Honor Regis judicium diligit,' nec- " non, 4 'Deus, judicium tuum Regi da, et justitiam tuam filio " ' Regis ;' figurantesque quod reges et principes justos et " scientificos viros in judiciis ferendis, consiliis prasbendis, " et rebus publicis gubernandis, semper disponerent et ordi- " narent. " Subsequenter, cum ipsa regia majestas tanta potentia " virtutum, praseminentia sapientias, rationatu justitias, fulsita " fuerat, mox nobilissimum vicum Civitatis, ' Chepe ' vulga- " riter nuncupatum, subinfaans, inveniebat super magnum " aquasductum ibidem amoenissimum et pulcherrimum locum " ad modum Paradisi consitum, stellatum floribus, et arboribus " fructiforis relucentem, et breviter omnium rerum speciositate " conspicuum; ex cujus latere Aquilonis in civitatem Regis P.iM.b, " magni fontes vivacissimi scaturiebant aquas architriclinas " in vinum conversas, qui gustus regios post tantam virtutum " adoptionem merito poterant recreare. " In hoc insuper loco illi duo prasdestinati cives sanctorum " et domestici Dei, Ennok, scilicet, et Ely,5 congratulates 1 Psalm ii. 10. 2 Proverbs xx. 28. 3 Psalm xeix. 4. 1 Psalm Ixxii. 1. 5 Meaning ' Elias.' 162 APPENDIX III. " de tanti Regis adventu, portantis facem, illuminantis pro- " priam, et dantis pacem gentibus, et, quasi desiderantes et " expectantes ipsum futurum canonem et consortem suum, " pro statu suo prospero precabantur, unus, videlicet, quod « 1 ' Nihil proficiat inimicus in eo, nee filius iniquitatis ap- " ' ponat nocere ei,' et alter quod 2 ' Dominus conservet eum, " ' et vivificet eum, et beatum faciet eum in terra, et non " ' tradat ilium in manus inimicorum ejus.' Circa vero " fontes iUos cuilihet litterarum oraculis incitabatur ad hau- " riendum aquas iu gaudio de fontibus Salvatoris. " Ex ipso Vero loco taliter recreatus Dominus Rex Usque " crucem in medio vici prasdicti maturabat aggressum ; ubi '• prospiciebat castrum jaspertinum subtili mechanics practi- " catum, in cujus medio arbor fructifora viridissima mirabilis " altitudinis de radice Sanctorum Edwardi Anglias, et Lo- " dowici Francias, quondam Regum, egressa pullulabat, repras- '• sentans in ramis, per person as vivas ornatu ditissimo sepa- " ratim figuratas, justum tituluia per desoensum utriusque " l'egnorum prasdictorum, a prasfatis Sanctis usque eundem " Dominum nostrum Regeln linealiter devolutum. Ex altera " namque parte ipsius arboris quasdam alia de generatione " Salvatoris a radice Jesse egressa, adusqtie eundem Salva- " torem ramificatim apparebat. " Postremo vero, apud Conductum Ecclesias Sancti Pauli " vicinum, indivisibilis Trinitatis splendor eflfigialis in Celsis- " simo cosli imperii throno residebat inter exercitus Angelorum " sibi ministrantium, etRegi pertr&nSeunti taliter alloquentium " per Scripturam,— 3 ' Attgelis suis Deus mandavit de te, ut " ' Custodiant te in omnibus viis tuis^' Ipsa vero dealis effi- " gies, quasi proinittens eidem Regi vitam in hoc Saeculo " longasvam, et postmodum requiem salutarem, illud prophe- " ticum emisit,— 4 ' Longitudine dierum repleho eum,' pro *' prime, et,—4 ' Osteudam illi salutare meum,' pro secundo. " Ad Occidentalem finem Eeclesiae Cathedralis Sancti Pauli " prasdictas occurrerunt ei solemni processioue Dominus " Archiepiscopus CantUariensis, cum decern aliis Episcopis " pontificalibus indutis ; necnon Decanus et Capitulum Psalm Ixxxix. 22, I ¦> psaU Xci. 11. ' Psalm xli. 2. | t psalm xfci. 16_ LETTER OF JOHN CARPENTER. 463 " ejusdem ccclesias ; et perduxerunt eum usque summum " altai-e, ubi fusis orationibus et Sanctorum reliquiis oscu- " latis, per modicum tempus expectabat, et postmodum re- " sumpto equo, directe per medium vid de Fletestrete usque " palatium suum Westmonasterii equitavit. Novitates autem " processionum et aliarum solemnitatum, quas fiebant et " ostendebantur in via, longum esset nimis et mirabile satis " exarare ; apparatus vero pannorum auri, serici, et tapecerias, " per singulos altos vicos dependentium, dives erat et pulcher " valde, ac talis et tantus, qualis forte seu quantus non " videntes minine reputarent ; populi quoque per totam " Civitatem sedentis in domibus et fenestris, ac super tecta " domorum, necnon stantis in ostiis et super stallas, ambulan- " tisque in vicis et venellis die ilia, inasstimabilis erat et " innumerabilis multitude " Et post hasc, die Sabbati, vicesimo- secundo die Fehru- " arii tunc proximo, praefati Major et Aldermanni, una cum " certis aliis de notabilioribus Civitatis, assumptis secum " mille libris .auri purissimi, positis in quodam eminenti '•' vase aureo, ad modum sportulas artificiose composito, acces- " serunt ad eundem Dominum Regem in palatio suo antedicto ; " ubi sibi prasmissa de gratissimis animis et humillimis " cordibus obtulerunt, ipso Majore pro eis omnibus verba " subscripta in Anglico referente: — 'Most Cristen prince, " ' the goodefolk of youre notable cite of Londone, otherwise " ' cleped your Chambre, besechen in her most lowely tvise, " ' that they moive be recomaunded unto your hynesse, ant " ' that it can like youre noble grace to resceyve this litelle " ' yefte, yoven with as goode wille, trewe and lovynge hertis, " ' as ever any yefte was yoven to eny erthly prince: A " quo versa vice grates uberes et favores regios amplissime " receperunt, reversi sunt ad propria cum ingenti gaudio et " honore. "Hasc, reverende frater et amice prasstantissime, juXta " mandatum vestrum inter castei-a vobis explico, quas nobiles " cives illius inclitissimas civitatis, unde vos et ego sumus " alumni, intimis affectibus ordinarunt in reventu dicti " supremi Domini sui. Quam magnifice autem et honorifice " idem Dominus postmodum a singulis Archiepiscopis, Epis- " copis, Ducibus, Comitibus, Baronibus, proceribus, et " magnatibus regni sui susceptus fuerit, quantisve gaudiis et 464 APPENDIX III. " solatiis venh-e suum postea per dies aliquot celebratum " fuerat, temporis brevitas et negotiorum Civitatis imminens " multitudo de prossenti me non permittunt vobis scripturae " ministerio nuntiare ; scietis autem postea. Vale, etc. " Per Fabrum, sive Domificem, vestrum, Johannem, ejus- " dem urbis Secretarium indignissimum." GLOSSARY TO THE APPENDICES. G G VOL. III. GLOSSARY TO THE APPENDICES, [The figures enclosed in parentheses denote the page ofthe present Volume.] aisiare (452). To ease, expedite, or assist. See Eisiamentum. Albunazar (460). Generally, ' Albu- ' mazar ;' an astronomer of the ninth century, born at Balkh, in Kho rassan. His principal works are, An Introduction to Astronomy, and The Book of Conjunction, published in a Latin form at Augsburg, 1489, and Venice, 1515. allectivus (460). Attracting at tention, attractive. allutarius (441, 442). A shoe maker. See p. 376, ante, s. v. Alutarius. allutum (441), alutum (444). Lea ther duly tawed and prepared. From p. 442 it would seem that inferior leather, such as cow- leather and calf-leather, were not included under this name. Anedehethe (446). From the Note in Liber Horn, given in p. 446, this appears to have been the name of a locality near Westmin ster. Some 'hithe,' or landing- place, is probably meant ; but it is perhaps impossible now to identify it. antiphona (459). In the present instance, this word probably means, strictly speaking, an ' an- ' them ; ' which latter word, like the old French ' anthaine,' or ' antoine,' there can be little doubt, is derived from it. architriclinas (461). This word is used adjectively, as signifying " belonging to the ruler of the " feast ;" in allusion to John ii. 9. arsmetrica (460). Arithmetic. It seems difficult to say whether this is a corruption of ' Arithmetical or whether it is a compound of the Latin words ' Ars metrical the art of measurement. ' Ars- * metrik,' as meaning Arithme tic, is used in early English, by Lydgate for example. artocopi panis (411). A loaf of simnel bread. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 782 ; also p. 396 of the present Volume, s. vv. Panis dominicus. assaiator (422), assiator (421). An assayer, or trier. assistrix (460). A female compa- basanarius (441). A maker of in ferior shoes from bazen, or basil, prepared sheepskin. basantum (442), basanum (441). Bazen, or basil, sheepskin pre- G G 2 408 GLOSSARY TO THE APPENDICES. pared as leather. See p. 378, ante, s. v. Basena. blodius (459). Of blood colour. botellus (425). A hotel, or bundle, of hay. The expression is still used in a well-known English proverb. See Wedgwood's Diet. Engl. Etym. I. p. 206, and Halliwell, Diet. Arch. i. p. 199. Brightenoth(417). Probably, Bridg north, in Shropshire. Brokesbourne (417). Broxbourne, in Hertfordshire. bultellus (411). A boulter, or boulting-sieve. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 789. bunne (423). A kind of white bread. Another early mention of this word is found in Colyn Blowbolles' Testament, (MS. Rawl. C. 86) :— " Sauf first of " all they shall have new bake " bouns." capa (458). A cope. Cinerum, Festum (421). Ash Wed nesday. See Hampson's Med. JEvi. Kalendar. n. p. 47. cirographatus (445). Put in hand writing, written by the hand. More correctly, ' chirographatus.' See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 792, s. v. Chirographum. eistarius (442). A box-maker, or trunk -maker ; who, in the present instance, seems to have been em ployed in covering boxes with cow-leather. ckia (413, 423), claya (420, 421, 422, 423). A hurdle. See p. 304, ante, s. v. Claie, and p. 381 ante, s. vr. Claa and Cleya. claviger (417). See p. 381, ante. coket. Engl. (411.) See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 793, s. vv. Cokettus, panis. coppewebbes. Engl. (415). Cob webs. In early English the spi der was called 'attercop,' "poison " cup ;" by which name it is still known in Lancashire. See also Wedgwood's Diet. Engl. Etym.i. p. 360, s. v. Cobweb, and Halli well, Diet. Arch. i. p. 108. corerarius (444). A currier. corodium (449). A corody, or al lowance of meat, drink, lodging, and other necessaries. Corodies were mostly granted, by religious corporations, or communities, to the King's servants ; but some times, as in the present instance, to private persons. See Fitz herbert's New Natura Breviitm, Writ De Corrodio habendo. corveiser (432). A shoemaker ; the name of a person's trade em ployed as a surname. Corveiserestrate (444). Probably identical with the street formerly known as " Cordwainer Street," from which Cordwainer's Ward, in the City, has its name. Its site is now occupied by Bow Lane, Cheapside. See p. 306, ante, s. v. Cordewanerestrete. coureare (444). To curry leather. crimismus (458). Of crimson co lour, or cramoisi ; so called from the kermes, or Coccus ilicis.md arborum.. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 805, s. r. Gra- num. GLOSSARY TO THE APPENDICES. 469 dealis (462). Representing the Deity. denarata (420). A pennyworth. domifex (464). A house-maker. Under this appellation Carpenter conceals his name ; the houses of that period being mostly con structed of wood, and the car penter being, in general, identical with the house-maker of the time. duxissa (430). A duchess. eisiamentum (450). An easement, service, or convenience ; as, in the present instance, a right of entrance. See Aisiare. Eunok(461). Enoch. See Gene sis v. 24. famulia (457). A retinue, or train of attendants. fraellatus (447). See p. 387, ante. Fratres de Poenitentia Jhesu Christi (430). See p. 387, ante, s. vv. Fratres Poenitentia. fructiforus (461, 462). Fruit-bear ing. fruyter (413). Here used as a surname, but probably implying the trade of a fruiterer. fui-narius (426). A baker's man, or attendant on the oven. gille. Engl. (432.) Probably, a measure containing about half a chopine, or pint. The gill at the present day contains in some places half, in some a quarter of, a pint. In the Prompt. Parv. the word ' gy lie ' is stated to mean only a " lytylle pot ;" and, from the fact of the use of it being here forbidden, it may have contained no fixed or definite measure. grangia (451). A grange, or farm house. haberdassher. Engl. (433.) A dealer in haberdashery ; which, not improbably, if we may judge from the present passage, was ori ginally a material employed for making caps or hats. See p. 326, ante, s. v. Hapertas. Hedesore (421). Hedsor, a village in Buckinghamshire. hertliche. Engl. (458.) Heartily. hetha (445). A hythe, or landing- place. hostillarius (425). From the con text, apparently — " feni, in sig- " ram hostillarii," this does not mean ' hosteler ' in the old sense of inn-keeper, but 'hostler,' one having the charge of his em ployer's stable. hostyller. Engl. (422.) A hosteler, or keeper of a hostel, for enter tainment of man and horse. huchereve. Engl. (413.) Probably, the name given to an inferior officer whose duty it was to ex amine the hutches, or boxes, iu which the bakers exposed their bread for sale. See the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 734, s. v. Houche, and p. 832, s. v. Truncus. inbroudacio (458). Embroidery. inseisonabilis (429), insesionabilis (429). Unsound, unseasonable* kaium (452). A quay, or wharft 470 GLOSSARY TO THE APPENDICES. liliatus (459). Covered with lilies. In allusion, probably, to the de scent of Henry VI. from Louis IX. of France. manucapere (434). See the Glos sary to Liber Custum. p. 813. megucer. Fr. (432.) Awhite-taw- yer ; the name of a trade em ployed as a surname. See p. 394, ante, s. v. Megucarius. megucerus (432). See p. 394, ante, s. v. Megucarius. milvellus (446), mulvellus (447). A melwel. See p. 394, ante, s. v. Milwellus. moldingborde. Engl. (416.) See p. 340, ante, s. v. Moldyngborde. molendina (421, 422). A mill. orlokes; Engl. plur. (447.) See p. 344, ante, s. v. Orlok. pagina (459). As stated in the Note, this is probably an error for ' machina ;' or possibly, it may be a corrupt form of the Latin word ' pegma ' (derived from the Greek), meaning a temporary structure of wood. parcellus (443). A parcel, or small quantity. ' Per parcellos ' (443), by retail. pastum (416, 417, 419, 420), pastus (416, 417, 419, 420). Paste, dough. Pavimentum (413). See p. 397, ante. payndemayn (424). A French word adopted in early English, as meaning simnel bread. See p. 396, ante, s. vv. Panis dominicus, and the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 782, s. vv. Artocopi panis. penulatus (458). See p. 397, ante. philomenare (460). To warble forth, to give tuneful utterance. pistacio (412, 413). A baking. pixis (432). A box ; the term ' pix ' being generally limited to the coffer in which the conse crated host, or holy relies, are kept by the Romish Church. From the present passage, it would seem that it was not un common for liquid measures of wood to be made in this form. potagium (451). Pottage, or soup. practicatus (462). Contrived. quiselli (442). Cuishes, or cuisses; in the present instance, the upper parts of boots, made of leather and extending to the thighs. rationatus (461). Reasonable guid ance. sablo (420). Sand. Sabrichesworthe (413). Sabriche- worthe (414). Sawbridgworth, in Hertfordshire. salutare (462). Salvation. Scawyngha (448). Scavage. See p. 401, ante, s. v. Scawanga. schopinas (432). Apparently an early plural form of the old English ' chopine.' The ' cho4 ' pine ' was a liquid measure, con taining probably, like the French chopine of the present day, one pint English ; and from it, not improbably, is derived our present GLOSSARY TO THE APPENDICES. 471 English word 'pint.' The old etymologists have fancifully de rived the word ' chopina ' from the Greek xe«v k«» mveiv, "to " pour out and drink," as mean ing that it contains as much as a man can drink at one draught. Menage however thinks, with greater probability, that it is a corrupt form of ' cuppina,' the diminutive of 'cuppa,' 'a cup.' The chopin, still used in Scotland, contains one quart English. schuta (447). A shout, or barge. See Shoutere. secretarius (464). A secretary. In other instances in the City re cords, John Carpenter is found thus designated (Letter- Book K. fi. 165, 189, Journal No. 3, ff. 64, 65). It is remarkable, how ever, that in no other instance has the Common Clerk (or Town Clerk) of the City of London been found thus designated. See Brewer's Memoir of John Car penter, p. 13. seler. Fr. (413.) A saddler ; the name of a trade used as a sur name. shoutere. Engl. (421.) A shouter, master of a barge or vessel, formerly known as a 'scout' or ' shout ; ' and identical, probably, with the ' scow 7 of New England, of the present day. See p. 314, ante, s. v. Escout. siligo (451). The grain known by this name in the Middle Ages was rye ; whereas the ' siligo ' of classical writers is thought to have been either winter-wheat or spelt. See Pliny's Hist. Nat. xviii. cc. 19, 20. simenel. Engl. (411.) Simnel bread. See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 782, s. vv. Artocopi panis, and p. 396, ante, s. vv. Panis do minicus ; also, p. 470 ante, s. v. Payndemayn. sippa (446). A measure contain ing five quarters ; the same as the ' cipha,' or 'ciphe,' of Liber Albus. See p. 381, ante, s. v. Cipha. socha (448). See p. 402, ante, s. v. Soca. solarium (450). A solar, or sollar. See p. 359, ante, s. v. Solere. Sopereslane (444). Soper's Lane. See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 765. spindelerbote (449). See p. 360, ante, s. v. Spindeleresbot. spuria (415). Apparently, used substantively, as meaning refuse or rubbish. superpellicium (458). A surplice. tapeceria (463). Tapestry. thollia (447). See p. 404, ante, s. v. Thollce. trait. Engl. (411.) Bread of trait, or trete, made of meal once boulted. trunk. Fr. (415.) A box, or hutch, in which bread was exposed for sale. See Huchereve, p. 469, ante, and the Glossary to Liber Custum. p. 832, s. v± Truncus. turnarius (432). A turner of wood. turta (411). Tourte bread. See p. 365, ante, s. v. TourL 472 GLOSSARY TO THE APPENDICES. turter. Fr. (414.) A maker of tourte bread. See p. 365, ante, s. v. Tourt. turtus, panis (423). A loaf of tourte bread. wastellus (411). Wastel bread. See the Glossary to Liber Cus tum. p. 837. whitetawier. Engl. tawyer. See p Megucarius. Woreparthe (446). Or, more pro perly ' Werepathe,' as stated in Liber Horn, f. 242, evidently was (432.) A white- 394, ante, s. v. the ancient name of the path run ning on the Eastern, or further, side of Barking Creek. wygge. Engl. (424.) A kind of bread, probably a sort of simnel. " A kind of wygg or symnell." Cotgrave's Fr. Diet. This word is still employed in Scotland, as meaning a sort of small cake. wykettum (416). A wicket, or small door. yefte. Engl. (463.) Gift. yoven. Engl. (463.) Given. yoye. Engl. (458.) Joy. GLOSSARIAL INDEX OF FESTIVALS AND DATES. GLOSSARIAL INDEX OF FESTIVALS AND DATES. [The explanations that are here omitted are given in pp. 841-844 of Libek Custumarum. The references are to the page of Libek Albus.] Jigidii, Festum Sancti. The Feast of Saint Giles (the Abbot), 1 Sep tember (402). Andrea? Apostoli, Festum Sancti (298, 300, 433, 678). Ascensionis Domini, Festum (89, 122, 300, 436, 437, 479). Barnabas Apostoli, Festum Sancti (91). Bartholomaei Apostoli, Festum Sancti (87, 120, 258, 364) ; Bartilmew, le Feste de Seint (334). Botulphi, Festum Sancti. The Feast of Saint Botolph (Abbot and Confes sor), 17 June (99, 681). Carniprivium (496). Cathedra Sancti Petri. See Petri, Cathe dra Sancti. Circumcisionis Domini, Festum (7, 28). Clausum Paschae (103). Dunstani, Festum Sancti (489). Edwardi Regis et Confessoris, Dies Sancti (19) ; Edwardi, Festum Transla- tionis Sancti (19, 31, 534, 678). Epiphania? Domini, Festum (7, 28, 35, 501) ; Epiphanye, le Fest del (44). Ethelburga?, Festum Sancte. The Feast of Saint Ethelburga (84, 86). There were three Festivals in honour of persons of this name, 9 July, 8 Sep tember, and 1 1 October. Feye la Virgyne, le Feste Seinte. The Feast of Saint Faith the Virgin, 6 October (512). Georgii, Festum Sancti. The Feast of Saint George, 23 April (82). Gregorii Papse, Festum Sancti (119, 142, 162, 169, 392, 405, 562, 727); Gre gory, le jour Seint (462). Hillarii, Dies Sancti (430, 431, 439, 444, 497) ; Hiller, le Fest de Seynt (507, 508). Hokeday (234). See page 328, ante. Innocentium, Festum Sanctorum (6, 28). Inventionis Sanctee Crucis, Festum. The Invention, or Discovery, of the Holy Cross, by the Empress Helena, A.D. 307 or 326 ; 3 May among the Latins, 6 March with the Greeks, in the Middle Ages (107, 122). Jacobi Apostoli, Festum Sancti (95, 405, 447, 497). Johannis Baptiste, Festum Sancti (365, 41 1, 412, 436, 440) ; Johannis Baptiste, Nativitas Sancti (504); Johan, la Feste Seint (118, 577). Johannis Evangelistse, Festum Sancti. The Feast of Saint John the Evangelist, 27 December (6, 28). Johannis, Decollatio Sancti (94, 98). 476 LIBER ALBUS. Katerina? Virginis, Festum Sancte. The Feast of Saint Katharine theVirgin, 25 November (430). Laurentii, Festum Sancti. The Feast of Saint Laurence (the Martyr), 10 August (191). Luca? Evangelists, Festuin Sancti (85, 413) ; Lucie, le Feste de Seint (418, 464). Lucia;, Festum Sancte. The Feast of Saint Lucy (Virgin and Martyr), 13 December (93, 108, 678). Marci Evangelists, Festum Sancti (96, 675, 684) ; Mark, le Fest Seint (728). Margareta? Virginis, Festum Sanctae (17, 303,304,410, 548, 602, 683) ; Mar garete, le Feste de Seinte (424, 426, 428). Maria?, Festum Annunciationis Beata? (405); Nostre Dame en Quaresme (577). Maria?, Conceptio Beato. The Conception of the Blessed Mary, 8 December (241). Maria? Virginis, Nativitas Beata? (402, 504, 579, 690); La Nativite de Nostre Dame (423, 507). Marix Virginis, Puriflcatio Beata? (7, 17, 28, 106, 346, 398, 410, 411, 412, 461, 502, 583); La Purificacion de Nostre Dame (423, 464, 507, 577, 728). Martini, Festum Sancti (361, 373, 412, 437, 504, 579, 678, 690); Martin, le Feste Seint (379) ; Martyn, le Fest Seint (233, 507, 728) ; Martyn, le Seynt (577). Matheu lapostre, le jour de Seint. The Day of Saint Matthew the Apostle, 21 September (43). Natale Domini (374); Natalis Domini Dies (27). Nowelle. Christmas (233). Omnium Sanctorum Festum (6, 27, 52, 490). Palmarum Vigilia. The Vigil, or Eve, of Palm Sunday, the First Sunday before Easter (27). Pauli, Festum Conversionis Sancti (395, 398, 684). Pentecostes, Festum (7, 29, 30, 56, 258, 378, 503). Pentecost, le Feste de (334). Petri ad Vincula, Dies Sancti (339). Petri, Cathedra Sancti (105, 536). Petri et Pauli, Festum Apostolorum (16, 480). Philippi et Jacohi, Festum Apostolorum (354, 734, 736, 737). Quadragesima (373, 503); Quaresme (379). Simonis et Juda?, Dies Apostolorum (5, 6, 19, 23, 24, 27, 30, 31, 32, 35, 655, 680). Stephani, Festum Sancti. The Feast of Saint Stephen, 26 December (6, 28). Thoma? Apostoli, Festum Sancti (6, 299, 467). Thoma? Martyris, Translatio Beau" (83, 303,483, 485, 489). * Trinltatis, Festum Sancte (98). Valentini Martyris, Festum Sancti (122j 431). INDEX TO LIBER ALBUS. INDEX TO LIBER ALBUS. A. Abchurch. See TJpchirche. Abjudications of the liberties of the City, 575-577. Abjuration of the realm : by whom to be taken in the absence ofthe Chamberlain, 96. by a person guilty of arson and mur der, 100. Abyndone, Simon de, Sheriff of London, 364. Account, action of, 218, 219. Accounts : of the Chamberlain of London^ 599. of the citizens of London, in reference to customs, debts, and purprestures, 599. Aeon, the Church of Saint Thomas de, 6, .7, 26, 27, 28, 30, 718. See Acres. Acquittance : alleged, but in foreign parts, 212. Writ directing enquiries as to a certain, 444. Acres, the Church of Saint Thomas de, 7. See Aeon. Actone Burnel, or Burnelle, the Statute of, 543, 619, 670. Adulterers, the punishment of, 459, 591, 592. Adulteresses, the punishment of, 460. Agnes, wife of John de Londoneston, the murder of, 103. Agreements and grants, made by the City of London, 552-559. Aid, Letter of King Edward I., touching the assessment of an, 123, Alba n, the Church of Saint, Bread Street, London, 233. Alban's, Saint. the Abbot of, 384, 688. the monks of, 343, 345, 374. Alban's, Walter de Saint, 106. Albertis, Thomas de, 609. Aldermannechurche (properly, Aldermarie- churche), the Parish of Saint Mary, 122. Aldermaricherche, 619, Aldermariechirche, 445, 447, the Church of Saint Mary, London. Alderman of London, penalty inflicted on an, for absenting himself at the elec tion ofthe Mayor, 31, 32. Aldermen of London : particulars relating to the office, 32- 36. the mode of election of, 39. the duties of, 52, 56, 59. absence ofthe, 31, 32, 70. verdict of the, as to the testament of Osbert de Suffolk, 122. to be summoned to the Courts of Hustings, 190. to enter attorneys on the records, 222. their duty to hold Wardmotes, 277. not to be placed on Inquests, 290. oath ofthe, 307. measures to be duly sealed by, 335. to be present at each Sheriffs' Court, 404. Aldersgate. See Aldrichegate. Aldewyncle, Isabella de, 444. Aldeyn, Eustace, 435. Aldgate. See Algate and Allgate. Aldrichegate (now, Aldersgate), 106, 586, 682 ; Aldrichesgate, 463, 465, 557, 716; Aldrichgate, 556, 557. 480 LIBER ALBUS. Ale, provisions for the sale of, 358-36 1. See Alesellers, Brewers, and Brew sters. Aleconners : oath of the, 316. enactments as to, 359,361. Alemaine, 226. See Almaine. Alesellers, enactments as to, 698-702. Alfred, King of England, 545. Algate (Aldgate), 459, 463, 552, 553, 554, 555, 556, 580, 585, 586, 730. See Allgate. Alicia, daughter of Richard de Wyltone, 91. Alicia, mother of Ralph de Chelmersforde, 95. Alicia, wife of Thomas de Cantebrugge, 436, 437. Alienation, Regulations to prevent undue, by tenants for life or in tail, 495. All Saints, Bread Street, London, the Church of, 108. Allgate (probably, Aldgate), 233. See Algate. Allhallows Barking. See Berkyngchirche. Allocations, 538-541. Almaine, 456, 540, 541, 542, 613, 620. 630, 656, 671. the Hanse of, 485, 4S6, 493. the merchants of, 226, 535. the Teutonics of, 535. 342, 348, 363, 414, 486, 487, 488, 510, 511, 513, 538, 543, 546, 559, 562, 565, 566, 567, 569, 586, 593, 598, 618, 619, 621, 622, 624, 663. Executors, particulars as to, 683-685. Exeter, 534, 535, 544. Exigent, Writ of, 190. Export, John de, 445, 446, 619. Extone, Nicholas, Mayor of London, 34, 35, 452. Eynesham, William, Chamberlain of Lon don, 599. Eyot, William, 194. Eyr, the river, 504. F. Fairs and Markets, 551. Faith, the Parish of Saint, in the Crypts, 556. Fares by boat from Billingsgate to Graves end, 238. Farendone, 339, Farndone, 15, 34, 122, 437, 559, Farnedone, 22, Faryn- done, 298, Nicholas, Mayor of Lon don. Farindone, 406, Farndone, 354, William de, Alderman of London. Farndon (Farringdon), the Ward of, 34. See Faryngdone. Farriers, 733. Faryngdone (Farringdon), the Ward of, 463. See Farndon. Fauconer, 609, Fauconere, 608, Thomas. INDEX. 491 Faunt, William, 437. Fekynham, John, 557. Felon, escape of a, 280, 281. Felons : chattels of, 88. power given to arrest, 388. Felony : fine inflicted for composition of a charge of, 84. accusation of, the accuser dying be fore the day of trial, 110. Feltone, Robert, 607. Fencing-schools forbidden, 274. Festivals, observance by the Mayor of London of certain, 27-30. Finch Lane. See Fynkislane. Finchard, Gilbert, 385. ' Finchingfelde, 122, 123, Finchyngfelde, 15, Walter de, Alderman of Lon don. Fingerie, Henry de, 385. Finsbury. See Moor. Fire of London in the reign of King Stephen, 328. Fire, provisions against, 334, 335. Fish: the regrating of certain, forbidden, 275. enactments as tothe sale of, 373-377. prevention of the forestalment of, 377. See Fishmongers. Fish-baskets, Regulations as to, 378, 813, 467. Fishing, the seasons for, 577, 578. Fishmongers : Regulations as to, 273, 289, 536, 542. enactments at the Hallmote of the, 373-377, 379. Ordinances of the, temp. Edward I., 379-385. elected for the examination of fish- baskets, 467. Ordinances ofthe, and particulars rela tive to, 686-691. Fist, penalties for striking with the, 389. Fitz-Alan, Roger, second Mayor of Lon don, 21. Fitz-Alwyne, Henry, first Mayor of Lon don, 21. See Fitz-Elwyne. Fitz-Ancher, Henry, Chamberlain of Lon don, 83. Fitz-Ancher, Richard, 84. Fitz-Bernard, William, murder committed by, 99. Fitz-Elwyne, Henry, first Mayor of Lon don, the Assize of Buildings of, 319-331. Fitz-Jadys, John, 420. Fitz-Jadys, John de Saint Fustien, 420, 425. Fitz-John, Robert, Sheriff of London, 88, 418. Fitz-John le Mazerere, Walter, 483. Fitz-Mary, Simon, 81, 84, 107, 108. Fitz-Nichol, Waryn, 418. Fitz -Parker, Thomas, of Otteforde, 297, 298. Fitz-Payne, Robert, the death of, 97. Fitz -Peter, Joce, Alderman of London, 99, 418. Fitz-Richard de Broham, Geoffrey, 95. Fitz-Roger, William, 82. Fitz-Stephen, Cristiana, accusation by, 106, 107. Fitz-Stephen, William, 90. Fitz-Symon, Richard, 116. Fitz-Thomas, Richard, 84. Fitz-Thomas, Thomas, Sheriff and Mayor of London, 21, 228. Fitz-Wauter, the Lord, 575. Fitz-Willelm, Henry le, 418. Fitz-William, Martin, Sheriff of London, 82, 83. Flanders, the country of, 343, 374, 630, 631, 632, 635, 643, 644, 645, 649, 650, 676, 725, 726, 738. Flemings, the, 118, 540, 626, 628, 633, 642, 649, 650, 676. Flemyng, William le, charge against, 301, 302. Fletchers, the, 732. Flete (Fleet), the river of, 232, 233, 531, 579, 580, 582, 583, 621, 697. Flete Bridge (Fleet Bridge), 242, 583, 621 ; Fletebrigge, 86. 492 LIBER ALBUS. Fletestret (Fleet Street), 25 ; Fletestrete, 479, 480, 481, 6S6. Florence, 541. Florentines, the, 636. FJynfhard, John, 468. Folkmote, the, 8,36, 86, 10-1,113,118, 119, 129. Folly, deatli caused by an act of, 97. Forde, John atte, 398. Foreign acquittance : where not pleadable, 209. ' not to be propounded in the Sheriffs' Courts, 364. Foreign attachment, 207, 209. Foreign merchants, Court to be held for, in the City daily, 295. Foreigners : not to sell to other foreigners in the City for resale, 492. forbidden to sell within the City by re tail, 493. Forests, Charter of the, 506. Forestallers, Regulations as to, 263. Forestalling of cloth, fine for, 193. Forfeited land called ' forsshard,' 63. Forneux, Robert, 490. See Fourneux and Furneux. Forsham, Adam, 675, 684. Forster, Walter, Sheriff of London, 193. Fosses, the City, 579, 580, 5S1, 583. Fourneux, Alicia, 488, 489. Fourneux, Robert, 488, 489. See For neux and Furneux. Foxtone, John, 553. France, 80, 191, 192, 414, 416, 417, 424, 467, 493, 494, 540, 613, 618, 636, 639,642, 645, 646, 649, 652, 681. Francisse, Octovian, 541. Frank, Thomas, 683. Frankpledge : amercement of a, 99. oath of, 315. strangers to be under, 332. Franks, the, 118. Fraunceys, Adam, 596. Fraunceys, Simon, Sheriff and Mayor of London, 438, 561. Free bench : duties of a woman in the enjoyment of, 68. decision as to, 393. Free foreign (or Soke), Court of, 1 1 6. Freedom ofthe City: allowed in a plea of trespass, 298, 300. Regulation as to admission to the, 495. pleaded and allowed in a case of as sault, 496. Freeman of the City, proof by the defen dant that he is a, 206. Freemen of the City : law as to wager of battle between, 109. to be resident, and pay Lot and Scot, 269. to have no copartnership with stran gers, 289. French bread, 340, 353. French people, the, 649. See Franco and Franks. Frensshe, John, 682. Freshforce, Assize of, 173, 195, 197, 198, 519. See Novel Disseisin. Fresshe, John, Mayor of London, 526. Frestlyng, Bartholomew, 596. Friars Carmelites (or White Frairs), the, 580. Friars Minors (or Franciscans), the, 261, 433,465,698, 716. Friars Preachers (or Dominicans) : Charter granted in favour of the, by Edward II. [properly Edward I.], for an enclosure near Castle Bay nard and Montfichet, 76, 127. the Order of, 615. the locality of (now Blackfriars), 554, 619, 622, 647, 713. Friesland, 634. Fripperers, or Phelipers, the, 535, 718, 719. Friscobaldi, the, 541, 618. Frisers, the, 723. Frowyk, Henry de, Alderman of London, 34, 354. Frowyk, Laurence de, 90. Frydaystrete, 732. Fuleham, Adam, de, le Petit, 384. Fuleham, Adam de, le Rous, 384. INDEX. 493 Fulham, 18, 559. Fulham, Adam de, 123. Fullers, the, 723. Furnaces, Regulations as to, 333. Furneux, Robert, 490. See Fonieux and Fourneux. Furriers, Regulations as to, 279, 719, 720. Fustien, John de Saint, 420, 425. Fustien, Robert de Saint, 420, 425. Fyncham, Adam de, 442. Fynkislane (Finch Lane), 085. Fysshwarfe, 690. fi. Galeys, Henry le, Mayor of London, 15, 18, 556, 559, 612, 617, 623, 632, 679. See Waleys. Garre, la, in Kent) 10°. See Barre. Gan-e, Joce, or Josce, de la, the murder of, 100, 101. Gartone, Hugh de, 436, 437. Gartone, William de, 242. Gascoigne, 490, 491, 503, 540, 541, 593, 650. the Merchants of, 143, 158. the wines of, 708, 709, 710, 711. Gascoigne, 396, 398, 399, Gascone, 394, Aldebrand, charge against. Gates of London, the, 581. Gatewyk, William, 654. Gaunter, John le, charge against, 105, 106. Gavastone, Peter, Earl of Cornwall, 535. Gavelet, 62, 64, 172, 184, 544. Writ of, 186. Statute of, for the recovery of rent, 455, 468. Gedeney, John, 609. Genoa, 540, 627, 630, 637. the people of 633. Geoffrey, accidental death of a man so called, 106. Gerchirche (Gracechurch), 247. See Grascherche. German language, the, 13, 14. Germany. See Almaine. Germayn, John Seynt, 563. Gernemue (Yarmouth, in Norfolk), 23G, 344. See Yarmouth. Gerunde (Gironde), the, 632. Gibbe, Richard, accusation of, 496, 497. Gibbe, Walter, 496. Gifts, not to be received by the officers of the City, 295. Gilbert, servant of Gilo Niger, 101. Gildhalle, 18, 19, 21, 25, 31. See Guild hall. Giles, the Hospital of Saint, 542. Girdlers, the, 536, 734. Gironde. See Gerunde. Gizors, John de, Mayor of London, 301, 365, 560. Glastonbury, Eustace de, 575, G2S. Gloucester, 539, 543, 546, 548, 549, 617. the Honour of, 550. the Statute of, 410. Gloucestre, the Countess of, 612. Gloucester, the Earl of, 612. Gloucester, Richard de, Alderman of Lon don, 122. Gloucestre, Henry de, Alderman of London, 122, 298. Gloucestre, Nicholas, 554. Godchep, Ralph, 123. Goderounelane (Gutter Lane), 102. Gofregd, the Portreve of London, 1 3. Goldbetere, Robert le, 430. Goldsmiths, the, 536. Goneby, Robert, 479. See Guneby. Goodchep, Hamo, 619. Gotham, Henry de, Sheriff of London, 84. Gracechurch. See Gerchirche, Gras chirche, and Greschirche. Grand Cape, the, 324. Grand Distress, the, 202. Grant, 429, Graunt, 430, Roger le. Grantham, John de, Alderman of London, 361. Grantham Lane, 558. Grants : made by the City, 552-559, 686. made to the King, 592.599. 494 LIBER ALBUS, Grascherche (Gracechurch), 348, 660,698, Graschirch, 247, Graschirche, 179, 247,261, 433, 692,695, 698. Customs levied at, 179, 247. See Gerchirche and Greschirche. Gravesende, 238, Graveshende, 579. Graveshende, Stephen de, 406. Great Law, the, 56, 57, 104, form of, in the City, 110. in what cases resorted to, 111. Grendone, Hermitage of the Abbey of, 552. Greneford (Greenford), 614. Greschirche (Gracechurch), 349. See Gerchirche and Grascherche. Greyngham, William, 556. Grygge, William, 483. Gubbe, Ralph, 496. Guests, the reception of, 332. Guildhall of London, the, 6, 18, 19, 20, 23, 25, 30, 35, 40, 44, 144, 173, 181, 189,190, 195, 197, 199,202, 203, 265, 268, 300, 315, 337, 338, 347, 350, 361, 362, 369, 371, 383, 384, 385, 399, 400, 404, 436, 437, 445, 446, 453, 460, 461, 462, 468, 490, 497, 525, 554, 555, 558, 566, 568, 575, 625, 627, 629, 644, 666, 673, 679, 703. the Chapel of, 536, 552, 555, 558. See Gildhalle. Guildhall of the Cologne Merchants, the. See Cologne. Guneby, Robert, 481. See Goneby. Gutter Lane. See Goderounelane. Gutters, Regulations as to, 288. Gysors, Richard, 483. H. Haberdashery, charges upon, 230. Haddestoke, Augustin de, 104. Hadestok, Simon, Alderman of London, 34, Hadlee (Hadley), 550. Hainaulters, the, G42. Hakenay, WiUiam, 483, Haliwelle, William de, 104. Hall, Thomas de, death of, 96. Hallmotes of the Fishmongers, 373-377, 379. Hamburgh, 486. Hamburgh, Bertram de, 486. Hanse of Almaine, the, 456, 485, 486, 487, 493, 540, 549, 613, 630, 631. Composition of the Merchants of the, with the citizens of London as to the repair of the Gate of Bishopsgate, 485. See Teutonics of Almaine. Hardel, Robert, Sheriff of London, 95, 96, 97. Hareber, Richard.le, 242. Hareflew (Harfleur), 616. See Hareflut. Hareflut (Harfleur), 630. See Hareflew. Hareford, Henry de, 402. Harewe (Harrow, in Middlesex), 612. Harfleur. See Hareflew and Hareflut. Harlots, Regulations as to, 457, 459, 591, 592. Harrow. See Harewe. Harwe, Alicia de, her free-bench, 393. Harwe, John de, 393. Agnes, cousin of, 593. Johanna, cousin of, 593. Hasilwode, John, 608. Hatfelde, Thomas, 558. Hatters, Regulations as to, 727. Haubergere, William le, 436. Haverhill [William de], Warden of the City, 115. Hay, Regulations as to the sale of, 720, Haytone, Nicholas, 515, 516. Helen's, Saint, London, the Priory of, 555. Hengham, Parva, 546. Henleye, in Oxfordshire, 428. Henna, wife of Joce the Jew, murder of, 99. Henry I., King of England, 14, 130, 133, 537, 546, 567, 659. Charter granted by, to the City of London, 128. Henry IL, King of England, 73, 133, 140, 150, 155, 164, 498, 499, 546. Charter granted by, to the City of London, 130. INDEX. 49£ Henry IH., King of England, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 21, 62, 72, 77, 79, 82, 86, 95, 119, 120, 121, 122, 134, 135, 136, 137, 146, 150, 155, 161, 168, 241, 304, 353, 354, 378, 434, 485, 500, 502, 503, 504, 509, 510, 512, 513, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 577, 602, 662, 683, 684, 720. Charters granted by, to the City of London, 134, 135, 136, 137. Grant by, that no citizen shall be im pleaded out ofthe City, 301. Henry XV., King of England, 509, 512 513, 514, 527, 549. Charter granted by, to the City of London, 163. Statutes of, for the Conservancy of the rivers of England, 512, 513. Henry V., King of England, 4, 549, 598. Charter granted by, to the City of London, 171. Statute of, for the Conservancy of the rivers of England, 518. Herbergeours. See Hostelers. Herbintone, Robert de, accusation of, 107, 108. Hereford, 539. Hereford [Humphrey de Bohun] , Earl of, 648, 649. Hereforde, Eichard de, 105. Heriet, Richard de, 116. Herlizoun, John, 104. Hermesthorp, John, 557. Hermitage. See Grendone. Hert, Henry, 611. Hidyngham, John, 622. Hoards, when only to he erected before houses, 477. Hocking, the practice of, forbidden, 681. Hogge, Stephen, charge against, 515. Hokeday, John, 298. Hokkele, John, 603. Holborne, 585, Holburne, 232, 233, 554, Holeburn, 232. Holbourne Brigge (Holborn Bridge), 554. Holebeche, Alexander de, the wounding of, 105. Holland, the country of, 627, 631. Honour of Pevrel. See Pevrel. Honylane, Ralph de, Alderman of London, 122. Hook, John, charge against, 515. Horewode, John, 552. Horn, Andrew, 468. Horn, 618, Home, 619, Edward. Horn, 630, Home, 621, Henry. Horn, Richard, 467, 468. Home, John, Alderman of London, 354. Home, Liber, the book so called, referred to, 61. Home, the " Greater " Liber, the book so called, quoted and referred to, 16, 17. Horsebread, 720. Horsebrigge (Horse-shoe-bridge), 697, Horsobrigg, 242. Horsham, Richard de, Sheriff of London, lapse on the part of, 363. Hostelers and Herbergeours : Regulations for, 267, 268, 720-722. Regulation as to foreigners becoming 283. empowered to sell ale, 361. not to harbour persons of ill repute, 476. Hospitallers, Brethren ofthe Order of, 539. Hosts, Regulations for the reception of guests by, 332. Hotot, Nicholas, 682. Houndesdiche, 558. House-rent : action of debt for, 204. arrest for, about to become due, 220. Houses : how to be covered, 334. provisions for the repair of, when por tions thereof belong to different parties, 469. See Assize of Buildings. Hoylande, the Fair of, 419. See Botolph. Hubert, Archbishop of Canterbury, 499. Hucksters, Regulations as to, 360. Hudendale, Godescalc de, 486. Hue and cry on escape of a felon, 280, 281. Hugh, nephew of Ralph le Cotiller, 88. Hughlot, 60G„ Hulot, 35, William, the punishment of. 49G LIBER ALBUS. Hull. See Kyngestone-on-Hulle. Hulot. See Hughlot. Humbre (Humber), the river, 504, 507. Hungrie, Peter de, 242. Huntingdon, 406, Huntyngdone, 432, 695, the County of. Hurers, Regulations as to the, 727. Hurlebat, Robert, 609. Ilusbonde, Nicholas, 554. Hustings: attorney in the Court of, 63. Regulations for the Court of, 181, 184. Aldermen to be summoned to the Court of, 190. recognizances in the Court of, 338. Pleas of the Com-t of, to be duly en rolled, 402. proof of wills in the Court of, 403. Court of, ordered to be held by Ed ward the Confessor, 498. rent always to be sued for in the Court of, 472. Huwes, Simon, 436. T. Iford, William de, 30. Illuminators, regulations as to, 714, 715. Ina, King, 545. Inga, the handmaid, her crime and punish ment, 100, 101. Ingelfelde, Stephen, 516. Tngress, right of, 70. innocent HI., Pope, 500. Inquest : Aldermen exempted from serving on, 34. day named for the verdict of an, 222. Aldermen of the City not to be placed on, 290. in certain cases to be composed jointly of freemen and foreigners, 292. to be taken with all due expedition, 472. See Inquisition. Inquests of office, not traversable, 223. Inquisition : upon the death of a person slain by one unknown, 100. amercement of the Sheriffs for making wrongful, 105. to be made at the Wardmote, 337, 338. as to orphans, malefactors, and goods of outlaws, 681-683. See Inquest. Intrusion, cognizance of Pleas of, 109. Ipswich, 535, 539. Ireland, 124, 367. 371, 414, 417, 424, 4G7, 491, 493, 548. Irlande (Ireland), 72G. Isabella, Queen, wife of Edward IT., 612, 637. Isabella, wife of Sperlo, accusation by, 103, 104, 105. Iter of the Justiciars : at the Tower of London in the fifth year of Henry III., 62. at the Tower of London in the 28th year of Henry IH., 77. Articles touching the King, to be men tioned at the, 117. Ives, the Fair of Saint, 228, 419. James, the Hospital of Saint, 630, 682. Jardevile, Richard, 557. Jettison, Regulations as to average in cases of, 490. Jewry, the, 99. Jews : violent death of certain, 74. escheats and tenements of, 79. ' chattels of slain, 80. Inquisition concerning the death of certain, 99. Ordinances as to, 590, 591. Joce (Joseph) the Jew, death of, 99. Johan, Lodowic, 610. INDEX. 49*; John, King of England, 14, 77, 78, 79, 81, 95, 119, 146, 161, 168, 499, 500, 501,503, 534, 537, 662. Charters granted by, to the City of London, 132, 133, 134. John, Chaplain of Saint Peter's, Cornhill, 85. John of Jerusalem, Saint, the Hospital and Priory of, 247, 539, 541, 552, 621, 632. John the Templar, 125. John Zachary, the Parish of Saint, Lon don, 338. See Zachary. Jordan [de Coventre], 98. See Coventre. Jordan, a man so named, found slain, 102. Jordan's Quay, 373, 380. Joynieer, Willelm, 418. Judges, extra appointed out of Eyre, 297. Judgment, a youth under age not amenable to, 94, 95. Juliana, wife of Ralph de Chelmersforde, 95, 96. Jurors, punishment of, for delay, 222. Jury, a, empanelled within the City not to be taken beyond the precincts of the Citv, 429. K. Karkes, the various, 223. Katherine's, Saint, London, the Master of, . 557. Kelenworthe (Kenilworth), 545. Kelshiule, Katherine, 611. Kenilworth. See Kelenworthe. Keningtone, John de, 84. Kennington. See Kenyngton. Kent, the County of, 100, 207, 515, 545, 045. the people of, 645. Kent, Benet, charge against, 515. Kent, the Earl of, 649. Kent, Richard de, 385. Kenyngton (Kennington, in Surrey), 501. Keys of Newgate, delivery ofthe, 121. VOL. III. Kidels, provisions for the removal of, 498, 499, 500-503, 506, 509, 512, 518. Kilburn. See Kylburne. IQng of England : Letters from the, to the Mayor and Aldermen, 612-616. Writs and Commissions from the, 617-638. Kingestone (Kingston), 94. King's Bench, the, 253, 348. Kirkeby, John de, Treasurer, 16. Knapet, Thomas, 605. Knighthood, Writs of Edward II I. en forcing, 191-193. Knolles, Eobert, 557. Knut (or Cnut), King, 32, 546. Kylburne (Kilburn), the Priory of, 611. Kyngescote, William, 576, 608. Kyngestone, Adam de, 386. Kyngestone-on-Hulle, 588. L. j Labourers, regulations as to the payment of, 289, 334. i Lacer, Richard, Mayor of London, 31. | Lacy, Sir John de, 406. i Ladders, to be provided against fire, 334. | Lambehirst (Lamberhurst), 297, 298, Lambhirst, 298. t Lambeth. See Lambhethe. j Lambhethe (Lambeth), Council of, 125. \ Lancaster, the County of, 507. Lancaster, the Duchy of, 538. Lancaster, the Earl of, 535, 648. Lancaster [John of Gaunt], Duke of, 605. Landlords : to be preference creditors for two years' rent, 220, 449. notices to be given by and to, 221, 448, 449. Lanes : to be cleansed, that run towards the Thames, 274. nnd Streets, Regulations as to, 584-586. I I 498 LIBER ALBUS. Langboume, 599, Langebourne, 463, Langeburne, 34. Lard, regulation as to the sale of, 297. Laurence [Jewry], London, the Church of Saint, 251, 275. Laurence, Candlewick Street, London, the Church of Saint, 685. Laurence, Pountenay, London, the Church of Saint, 726. Lazars, Regulations as to, 591. Le Hales, the house so called, 556. Leadenhall. See Ledenhal. Ledenhal (Leadenhall), 717, Ledenhalle, 465, 715, 716. Ledes (Leeds, in Kent), the Castle of, 144. Leek, 305, Lek, 303, 304, Alan de. Legal formalities, Regulation as to, 295. Leicester. See Leycester and Mounforde. Leire, William de, Alderman of London, 340. See Leyre. Lembourk (Limburg), 614. Lenne (Lynn), 539. Lenne, Robert de, 556. Lepers, Regulations as to, 273, 590, 591. Lespicer, Josce, 107. Letter-Book B quoted, 15, 17, 18, 34. Letter-Book C quoted, 15, 27, 34, 35. Letter-Book D quoted, 19, 20, 24. Letter-Book E quoted, 19, 22. Letter-Book F quoted, 17, 18, 19, 21, 32, 391. Letter-Book G quoted, 19,32,35, 390, 391, 399. Letter-Book H quoted, 34, 35, 41, 522. Letter-Book I quoted, 40. Letters, from the Kings of England to the Mayor and Aldermen of London, 612-616. Levechilde, William, 429, 430. Lexintone, Robert de, 502. Leycestre (Leicester), 549. Leycestre, Philip de, 418. Leyk, William, 605. Leyre, William de, 123. See Leire. Liber Custumarum. See Custumarum. Liber Niger quoted, 353, 354, 385. Liberty of the City, the, concerning life and limb, 93. Limburg, the Duke of, 612, 614. Lime and tiles, Regulations as to the quality of, 278. See Tiles. Limehouse. See Lymehostes. Lime Street. See Lymestrete. Limoges. See Linoges. Lincoln, 15, 405, 540, 560, 618, 619. Lincoln [John de Lacy], Earl of, 502. Lincoln, J. de, Alderman of London, 339. Lindeseye, Brother Thomas de, 124. Linendrapers, Regulations as to, 723. Linoges (Limoges), textures of, 225. Littelman, John, charge against, 515. Loans granted by the City of London to the Kings of England, 592-599. Loaves, to be made at certain prices only, 358. Lodowick the Goldsmith, murder com mitted by, 115, 116. Lombards, the, 372, 589, 621, 636. Lombardy, 539, 540, 649. London, mention of, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35, 37, 45, 51, 53, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 72, 73, 75, 77, 85, 86, 91, 93, 94, 96, 99, 101, 102, 103, 108, 109, 110, 111, 118, 119, 122, 123, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 181, 189, 190, 192, 193, 194, 195, 197, 199, 209, 210, 215, 216, 219, 222, 226, 229, 230, 231, 233, 236, 239, 240, 241, 242, 244, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 296, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 317, 338, 342, 344, 347, 348, 349, 351, 357, 358, 361, 363, 365, 367, 368, 371, 376, 378, 379, 385, 386, 387, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 401, 402, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 414, 415, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, INDEX. 499 London — cont. 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 441, 444, 445, 447, 450, 451, 452, 455, 456, 461, 467, 468, 469, 473, 478, 479, 480, 481, 482, 484, 485, 487, 488, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 509, 514, 515, 517, 518, 526, 530, 531, 533, 534, 535, 536, 539, 540, 541, 542, 544, 546, 549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 555, 557, 558, 563, 565, 566, 568, 573, 575, 577, 580, 581, 593, 594, 595, 597, 598, 612, 613, 614,615,617, 621, 626, 631, 632, 633, 634, 635, 638, 646, 649, 653, 655, 659, 660, 661, 663, 666, 669, 670, 675, 678, 681, 686, 690, 691, 699,705,724, 733, 734, 736. the principal officers of, from early times, 12, 13. the Mayoralty, 13. the Mayor, 13-16. the Warden, 16-18. the Common Seal, 17. election of Mayors and Sheriffs, 18- 27. oath of the Mayor at Guildhall, 24. oath of the Mayor at the Exchequer, 25. observances by the Mayor at certain festivals, 27-30. penalty for Aldermen absenting them selves at the election of the Mayor, 31, 32. particulars relating to the office of Alderman, 32-36. the Wards anciently called after the Aldermen, 34. the Wardmote, 36-39. the mode of electing an Alderman, 39. the mode of holding a Common Coun cil, 40-42. the Sheriffs, 42. the Recorder, 42, 43. election ofthe Sheriffs, 43-45. oath ofthe officers ofthe Sheriffs, 45. duties ofthe Sheriffs, 45-47. London — cont. the Chamberlain, 47, 48. the Chamberlain's Clerk, 48. the Mayor's Clerk, 49. the Common Crier, 49. the Mayor's Swordbearer, 49. the Serjeants ofthe Chamber, 49, 50. rules for procedure during the holding of the Pleas of the Crown at the Tower of London, 51-59. no official presenter of offences in London, 60. Praises ofthe City of London, 61. its Trojan rights, liberties, and institu tions, 61. Questions put to the citizens of London at the Iter of the fifth of Henry III., 62-71. recovery of rent in the City, 62, 63. Attorney appointed in the Court of Hustings, 63. Courts of a summary nature for the benefit of wayfarers, 67. Pleas of the City at the Iter held at the Tower of London in the 28th of Henry IH., 77. rights of the City as to servants in attendance during the holding of the Pleas, 77. Articles in reference to the Pleas ofthe Crown, 78-81. Answer of the Mayor and Barons to the said Articles, 81. practice as to delivery of a copy of, 81. Answers ofthe former Sheriffs, 82. Inquisitions as to violent deaths con ceded to the Justiciars, 83. no man to be in the City without his frank-pledge, after a certain time, 90, 91. the liberty of the City concerning life and limb, 93. the Constable of the Tower, Sheriffs, and Aldermen, to take an abjuration of the realm in absence of the Cham berlain, 96. Wager of battle between freemen, 109. I I 2 500 LIBER ALBUS. London — cont. Form of the " Great Law " in the City, 110. Trial by the " Great Law " in cer tain cases, in the City, 111. Inquest held by the Sheriffs upon deaths in the City, 112. the ancient mode of bailing a person accused of murder, 113. outlawry at the Folkmote, on accusa tion of murder and non-appearance, 113. disseisin without judgment given, 114. usage of the City in recognizances of Novel Disseisin, 114. defence on accusation of robbery and breach ofthe peace, 114. sureties who cannot produce the ac cused, to pay the Were, 115. Com-t of free foreign, or Soke, within the City, 116. Answer to questions touching the liberties ofthe City, 116. the mode of holding Folkmotes, 118. powers of the Sheriffs in cases of dis tress, 119. enabling powers in cases of seques tration by the City bailiff, 120. Ordinance as to delivery of the keys of Newgate, and of the Cocket, 121. Charter of William the Conqueror to the City, 128. Charter of Henry I., 128. Charter of Henry IL, 130. Charters of Richard I., 131. Charters of John, 132, 133, 134. Charters of Henry III., 134, 135, 136, 137. Charters of Edward I., 139, 140. Charters of Edward IL, 141, 144. Charters of Edward HI., 144, 148, 149, 153. Charters of Richard IL, 153, 154, 155, 162. Charter of Henry IV., 163. Charter of Henry V, 171. Enrolment of wills, deeds, and cogni zances, 180. London — cont. Courts of Hustings for Pleas of land, 181. Hustings of Common Pleas, 1 84. Procedure on Writ of Dower, 185. Writ of Gavelet, 186. Writ of Scire Facias, 186. Writ of Waste, 186. Writ of Error, 187. Writ of Replevin, 188. Writ of Partition, 189. Writ of Exigent, 190. Aldermen to be summoned to the Court of Hustings, 190. Assize of Novel Disseisin, or Fresshe- force, 195. Assize of Mort d' Ancestor, 197. Sittings ofthe Sheriffs' Courts, 199. Writ of Capias, 199. Wager of law by freemen in action of debt, 203. by strangers, 203. Wager of law in action of trespass, 204. married women trading, 204. married women renting shops or houses, 205. plaints of trespass, 205. proof by a defendant that he is a free man of the City, 206. contribution by joint obligors, 206. foreign attachment, 207, 209. a foreign acquittance not pleadable in certain cases, 209. jurisdiction of the Sheriffs in Pleas of Replevin, 213. debt on a sealed tally alleged, 214. recognizances of debt taken before the Sheriffs, 215. plaint of debt between merchant and merchant, 215, 216. procedure on the debtor's withdrawal from the City, 216. examination upon oath in personal actions, 217. default by defendant after mainprise, 218. action of account, 218, 219. INDEX. 501 London — cont. Pleas before the Sheriffs removable by order ofthe Mayor, 219. arrest of a debtor before the day named in the obligation, 219. arrest for house-rent about to become due, 220. arrest of a debtor by the creditor without aid of an officer, 220. amercements in the Sheriffs' Courts, 220. landlords to be preference creditors for two years' rent, 220. notice to be given i>y and to, tenants and landlords, 221. Aldermen to enter attorneys on the records, 222. Scavage, or custom for showage of merchandize, 223, 224, 225. Pesage, 226, 227. Tronage, 226. exemptions from Tronage, 227. Regulations as to woad, 228. Customs exacted from certain vessels, 229. Customs payable on goods sold, 229. Scavage, 230. charges upon woollen goods and ha berdashery, 230. Customs levied upon the seUers of provisions, 231. Customs levied upon the sellers of other articles, 232. Customs levied in Smithfield, 233. Customs levied at London Bridge, 234. Fees ofthe Bridge Bailiff, 236. Customs levied at Billingsgate, 237. Customs levied at Queen-Hythe, 238, 240. Inquisition as to carriage arid measure ment of salt at Queen-Hythe, 241. Fees to be taken by the Bailiff of Queen-Hythe, 245. Customs payable for Tronage, 245. Customs levied at Woolchurch-Haw, 240. London — cont. Regulations for the sale of victuals and other commodities in the markets, 260. Regulations for the sale of com, 261. punishment of fraudulent butchers, 263. Regulations as to forestaflers, 264. Freemen not to be in copartnership with strangers, 264. Regulations as to bakers, 264, 265, 266. punishment of fraudulent bakers, 265. Regulations as to brewers and taverners, 266. Regulations as to hostelers, 267, 268. Regulations as to brokers, 269. Regulations as to freemen of the City, 269. Regulations as to swine, 270. Regulations as to barbers, 270. Regulations as to regrators, 270, 271. Regulations as to pentices, 271. Regulations as to apprenticeship, 272. City officers not to be victuallers, 272. Regulations as to corndealers, 272. Regulations as to the weaving of cloth, 273. Regulations as to lepers, 273. fencing- schools forbidden, 274. Regulations as to butchers, 274. persons not to go about armed after curfew, 275. taverns to be closed by curfew, 276. the Aldermen duly to hold Ward motes, 277. persons arrested, only to be set at liberty by permission of the Mayor, 277. Regulations as to boatmen, 277. Regulations as to lime and tiles, 278. Regulations as to weights and mea sures, 278. Regulations as to the payment of paviours, 278. Regulations as to the sale of skins and hides, tallow and lard, 279. 502 LIBER ALBUS. London — cont. duties of the Warden and pther officers ofthe City, 280. Regulation as to the residence of male factors within the City, 282. Regulation as to foreigners becoming hostelers in the City, 283: Regulations as to thieves and females of ill repute, 283. Regulations as to watch and ward, 284. Regulations as to Pesage and the King's balance, 285. Tallage to be equally assessed upon traders and non-traders, 286. foreign merchants of good repute to enjoy the franchise, 287. Regulations as to the wages of labourers, 289. Regulations as to fishmongers and poulterers, 289. obedience to be paid to the proper authorities, 290. Aldermen not to be placed on Inquests, 290. Regulation as to warranty given by the vendors of lands, 292. Regulation for preventing the eject ment of termors by buyers of the land in fee, 293. contracts to be duly enrolled, 294. gifts not to be received by the officers ofthe City, 295. Courts to be held for foreign mer chants daily, 295. of mainprise in Pleas of the Crown, 296. Writ addressed to the Sheriffs to pro duce the bodies of certain prisoners, 297. Return thereto, 298. freedom of the City allowed in a plea of trespass, 298,300. immunities of the City formally ac knowledged as to finding lodgings for the royal household, 303. oath of the Mayor on taking office, 306. oath of the Sheriffs, 306. London— con*. oath ofthe Aldermen, 307. oath of the Recorder, 308. oath ofthe Chamberlain, 309^ oath ofthe Common Serjeant, 310. oath ofthe Common Clerk, 311. oath of the Serjeants of the Mayor and Chamber, 312. oath ofthe Constables, 312. oath ofthe Scavagers, 313. oath ofthe Bedels, 313. oath of Frank-pledge, 315. oath of Brokers within the City, 315. oath ofthe Ale-conners, 316. oath of the *Under- Sheriffs and their Clerks, 317. oath ofthe Sheriffs' Serjeants, 318. oath ofthe Sheriffs' Grooms, 319. Fitz-Elwyne's Assize of Buildings, 319-331. Fire of London in the reign of King Stephen, 328. Scotale not to be allowed in the Wards of the City, 333. sanitary and other regulations within the City, 332-336. Inquisitions to be made at the Ward motes, 337. a married womane stopped by her re cognizance enrolled in the Court of Hustings, 338. the Assay of Bread, 349, 351. Ordinances as to bread, millers, and bakers, 353-358. Enactments as to the sale of ale, 358- 361. Enactment against fraudulent bakers, 361. King's Letter as to a person elected Sheriff not presenting himself at the Exchequer, 363. foreign acquittances not to be pro pounded in the Sheriffs' Courts, 364. restraint upon the admission of foreigners to the franchise, 366. Regulations as to the use and custody ofthe Common Seal, 366. INDEX. 503 London — cont. Enactments at the Hallmote of the Fishmongers, 373-377. Ordinances of the Fishmongers, temp. Edward I., 379-382. Proclamation of certain Articles rela tive to the City, 386-390. Regulations as to Pleas held before the Mayor, 390. scale of amercements in the Sheriffs' Court, 390. all who enjoy the liberties of the City to pay their Lot and Scot, 391. members of one mystery to be at liberty to follow another, 391. declaratory articles as to what con stitutes usury, 399. the Sheriffs to see that the Pleas of Hustings are duly enrolled, 402. Judgments in the Court of Hustings, 403. proof of wills in the Court of Hust ings, 403. Sheriffs to present their rolls of certain Pleas on leaving office, 404. one Alderman to be present at each Sheriffs' Court, 404. Writs, before their return, to be shewn to the Mayor and Aldermen, 404. attachment in the City for felony in a foreign County, sanctioned, 405. enabling powers in cases of sequestra tion by the City bailiffs, 407. the Mayor to be one of the Justices for Gaol delivery at Newgate, 414. no freeman to implead another free man out of the liberties of the City, 417. renewal of a Composition between the citizens of London and the Mer chants of A miens, Corby, and Nesle, 418-428. the tallagers of the County of Oxford forbidden to levy tallage upon the goods of the citizens of London at Henley, 428. London — cont. a jury empanelled within the City, not to be taken beyond the precincts of the City, 429. markets assigned to the corn-dealers from the Eastern and Western dis tricts, 432. no citizen to he impleaded beyond the precincts of the City, 433-436, 437. no Writ of Attaint to lie as to the ver dict of a jury within the City, 437- 444. Writ confirmatory of the liberties and free customs ofthe City, 438. bondmen not to enjoy the liberties of the City, 452. Regulations as to harlots and bawds, 457, 458, 459. Regulations as to procurers and pro curesses, 459. punishment of unchaste persons, 459, 460. mode of electing the Common Coun cil, 461, 462, 463. Regulations as to poulterers, 465. strange victuallers to have ingress and egress from the City for the sale of their wares, 467. the Statute of Gavelet for the recovery of rent, 468. Royal mandate as to the repair of houses, portions of which belong to different parties, 469. procedure for the recovery of rent, 472. Inquests to be taken with all due expe dition, 472. officers and servants of the City to take the oaths yearly, 473. residents in the City not to sue before the Judges at Common Law with out leave of the civic authorities, 474. the Mayor to make enquiries as to the conduct of the officers and servants ofthe City, 477. no citizen to implead another out of the City, 478. 504 LIBER ALBUS. London — cont. Writs as to Oyer and Terminer upon an assault committed in the City, 479-485. Composition between the citizens of London and the Hanse Merchants, for the repair of the Gate of Bishops gate, 485-488. Royal mandate, forbidding foreigners to-sell to other foreigners in the City, for the purposes of resale, 492. Royal mandate, forbidding foreigners within the City to sell by retail, to keep hostels, or be brokers, 493. Regulation as to admission to the free dom ofthe City, 495. Regulation to prevent undue alienation by tenants for life or in tail, 495. freedom of the City pleaded and allowed in a case of assault, 496. founded by Brut, in imitation of Great Troy, and called 'New Troy,' and afterwards ' Trinovantum,' 497. Court of Hustings ordered to be held by Edward the Confessor, 49 S. Enactment as to the ancient liberties of the City, in the Magna Charta of King John, 500. Confirmation by Edward HI. of the ancient liberties of the City, 504. Conservancy of the Thames to belong to the Mayor or Warder ofthe City, 509. no officer of the City, of Newgate, or of Ludgate, to exercise certain trades, 527. oath of the Masters and Wardens of the Mysteries, 527. Eoyal Charters granted to the City, 534-538. Conventions between the City of Lon don and other Cities, 542. Grants and Agreements made by the City, 552-559. duties of the Mayor and other City Officers, 559-563. the Common Hunt, 564. London — cont. duties of the Sheriffs and Under- Sheriffs, and various other Officers, 564-570. Abjudications, Renunciations, and Annulments of the Liberties of the City, 575-577. Regulations as to tlie cleansing of the Streets and Lanes of the City, 5S4- 586. Ordinances as to Jews, Lepers, Swine, and Beggars, 590, 591. Grants by the City of Loans, Tallages, and Subsidies, to the King, 592- 599. Accounts of the citizens in reference to Customs, Debts, and Purprestures, 599. Sentences and Punishments for various offences, 599-610. Recognizances of Merchants, and Re cognizances for the property of Orphans, 610, 611. Letters from the King and various Lords, Spiritual and Temporal, to the Mayor and Aldermen, 612-616. Ordinances for Watch and Ward in the City, 646-653. Ordinances and Usages of the City, 654-681. Ordinances of the different Crafts and Mysteries of the City, 734-738. London, William, Bishop of, 26, 28. London, the Bishop of, 34, 556, 582, 615, 616, 638. London, the Archdeacon of, 29. London Bridge, 123, 143, 152, 158, 167, 241, 270, 328, 341, 357, 378, 380, 385, 415, 549, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558, 573, 577, 580, 582, 599, 612, 671, 699, 713, 718. Customs levied at, 179, 234. fees of the Bailiff of, 236. markets forbidden to be held upon, 270. the custody of, 582. London Bridge, Chapel of Saint Thomas upon, 373, 380, 552. INDEX. 505 London, Walter, 552. Londone Walle, 558. Londoneston (London Stone), John de, murder committed by, 103. Longe, Thomas le, 497. Lorkyn, Benet, charge against, 515, 516, 517. Lorraine, the Duke of, 612, 614. Lot and Scot, all to pay, who enjoy the liberties ofthe City, 391. Louvain. See Lovayne. Lovayne (Louvain), 539. Lovey, Geoffrey, 608. Lowe (Lune ?), the river, 507. Luca (Lucca), 539. See Luka. Lucchese, the, 637. Lud, IQng, 14. Luddesden, the ancient name of London, 14. Ludgate, the Gate of, 171, 523, 524, 527, 553, 554, 555, 556, 557, 563, 576, 617. Luka (Lucca), 539. See Luca. Lunge, Richard le, 385. Lunge, Roberd le, 384. Lymehostes (Limehouse), 683. Lymestrete (Lime Street), the Ward of, 463. Lynn. See Lenne. Lynne, Thomas, de, 553, 554. Lyntone, John de, 497. Lyons, Richard, 576, 622, 636. M. Magdalen, the Church of Saint Mary, London, 689. Magna Charta, the, of England, 144, 167, 302, 441, 500, 501, 502, 505, 506. Magnus, the Church of Saint, London, 299. Mainpernors, liability of, 200, 201. Mainprise in Pleas ofthe Crown, 296. Maintenance, enactment against, 389. Maldone, 536. Malines. See Malynes. Malefactors : Regulation as to the residence of, within the City, 282. arrest of, 639-646. Malt: the sale of, 460, 461. regrators of, 692. Malewayn, 631, Malwayn, 627, John. Malvezie (Malmsey) wine, 711. Malynes (Malines), 535, Malyns, 615 ; the villof. Man, John, of Erehithe, charge against, 515. Man, John, of Wulwiche, charge against, 515. March, the Earl of, 653. Marchaunt, John, 563. Margaret, the Church of Saint, London, 382, 689. Mariemount, 394, Marimount, 396, John de Saint. See Maryemount. Maritage, forfeiture of the assessed value of a, 488-490. Markets : and Fairs, 551. certain, assigned to the Corndealers, 432. Marleberge (Marlborough), 543. Marlow. See Merlawe. Married Women : acting as traders, 204. renting shops or houses, 205. plaint of trespass against, 205. Marsh, Thomas, 103. Martin, the Chaplain of Saint Peter's, Corn hill, 85. Martin le Grand, Saint, 14, 43, 147, 156, 162, 166, 169, 247, 251, 275, 373, 431, 437, 445, 455, 474, 482, 484, 534, 600, 617, 620, 626, 636, 639, 640, 641, 660, 663, 681, 706, Mar tyn le Grand, Seint, 639, 640, 699, the Church and Parish of, London. Martyn, John, charge against, 515, 516. Maryemount, 399, Marymount, 398, John de Saint. See Mariemount. Mary, Chapel of Saint, near Guildhall, 552. Mary le Bow, the Church and Parish of Saint, London, 122, 123, 387. 506 LIBER ALBUS. Mary Mountenhaut (Mounthaw), the Church of Saint, London, 726. Mary de Somersete, the Church of Saint, London, 101, 552. Mary, the Church of Saint, Southwark, 86. Mary, the Church of Saint, Staning Lane, London, 115. Mary without Bishopsgate, the Hospital of Saint 7, 28. See Aldermari- cherche. Masons, oath of the, 685. Master-carpenters, to be sworn that they will make no encroachments, 477. Master-masons, to be sworn that they will make no encroachments, 477. See Stone-masons. Masters of the Mysteries : penalties for rebelling against the, 494. election of, 654. oath of the, 527. Matilda, wife of Walter Buke, accusation of, 98. Mauley, Peter de, 502. Mauntel, Alan Fitz-Simon, 102. Mauntel, Simon, 102. Mauntel, Laurence Fitz-Simon, 102. Mautravers, John, 631. May, Edmund, 33. Maynarde, John, 605. Maynelle, Thomas, 609. Mayor of London : the office of, 13-16. the election of, 18-23. oath ofthe, at the Guildhall, 24. oath ofthe, at the Exchequer, 25. duties of the, 56. Pleas before the Sheriffs removable by order ofthe, 219. persons arrested to be set at liberty by him only, 277. form of the oath of the, 306. Regulation as to Pleas held before the, 390. Writs before their return to be shewn to the, 404. to be one of the Justices for gaol de livery at Newgate, 414. Mayor of London — cont. to make enquiry as to the conduct ot the officers and servants of the City, 477. Letters from the Kings of England to the, 616. Mayor's Clerk, the, 49. Mayor's Serjeants, oath ofthe, 312. Mayor's Swordbearer, the, 49. Mazeliner, WiUiam de, Alderman of Lon don, 354. Mazerere, John le, 483. Measures : faulty, to be burnt, 336. to be duly sealed, 385. Ordinances as to, 586-589. . Medewaie (Medway), 145, Medeway, 148, 154, 167, 456, 503, 509, ,661, Medewaye, 133, 135, 164,497, 690, Medeweie, 500, 505, Medewey, 139, 499, Medeweye, 499, 501, 578, the river. Meldeborne, Robert de, Alderman of Lon don, 354. Meleforde, John de, 406. Merbode, Gerard, Alderman ofthe Hanse, 486. Merchants : plaint of debt between, 215, 216. not to be prevented from warehousing their goods, 287. of respectability, who are foreigners, to enjoy the franchise, 287. recognizances of, 610, 611. Merden, 516, Merdene, 515, John, charge against. Merlawe (Marlow), 612. Merre, William, 428. Merse (Mersey), the river, 507. Mertone, 543. Michael the Clerk, the murder of, 100. Michael atte Come, the Parish of Saint, London, 431. See.Michael le Quern. Michael le Quem, or atte Corne, the Church of Saint, London, 30, 558, 685. See Michael atte Corne. Michael, Cornhill, the Church of Saint, 341, 356, 465, 715. INDEX. 507 Michel, John, 637. Middelsexe, 233. See Middlesex. Middle Law, 56, 58. Middlesex, 11, 30, 45, 46, 102, 129, 133, 134, 139, 145, 148, 153, 159, 163, 298, 307, 317, 410, 411, 413, 503, 527, 565, 566, 567, 568, 593, 614, 617, 634, 661. See Middelsexe. Middlesex, the Archdeacon of, 7, 30. Milanese, the, 637. Milgas, Hugh de, 406. Mill-dams, the removal of, 506, 509, 512, 518. Miller, William, 297, 298. Millers, Enactments relating to, 354, 355, 691, 692. Minor, abduction and imprisonment of a, 107. Minoresses, the, without Aldgate, 554. Miscarriage of justice, 291. Moletone, Thomas, 502. Moneour, William le, 90. Money, Ordinances as to, 573-575. Money-changers, Ordinances as to, 573- 575. Monnere, 420, Monnier, 425, John le. Montfort. See Mounforde. Montfichet, the Tower of, 127. See Mounfychet. Mokkyng, Nicholas, 627. Moor, the [of Finsbury], 553, 554, 555, 558, 581, 583. Mordone, Simon de, 32, 194, 560. Morori, the, 540. Mort d'Ancestor, the Assize of, 187, 197, 404. Mortimer, Roger de, 624. Mortimers, the, 615. Mortone, William de, charge against, 299, 300. Mounforde (Montfort), 502, Mountforde, 229, Simon de, Earl of Leicester. Mounfychet, the Tower of, 535. See Montfichet. Mountenhaut (Mounthaw). See Mary. Munster (in Germany), 486. Murder : trial of a stranger on charge of, 106. outlawry on accusation of, and non- ¦vappearance, 113. the ancient mode of bailing a person accused of, 113, Murderer, a, taking sanctuary and abjuring the realm, 86. Muslee, Thomas de, 300. Myneter, Ranulph, or Radulph, le, 675, 684. Myniot, Michael, 576. Mysteries : members of one to be at liberty to follow another, 391. penalties for rebelling against the Mas ters ofthe, 494. oath of the Masters and Wardens of the, 527. Masters of the, elected and sworn, 654. admission to the freedom of the, 686. Ordinances ofthe different, 734-738. N. Nantes, lampreys of, 382, 688. Naples, William de, 554, 556. Navarre, 540. Necessary-chambers, 323. Neel (Nesle, in Picardy), 348, Neelle, 418, 424, Nele, 228, 418, 421, 426, 427, 542, Composition ofthe citizens of London with the Merchants of, 718. Neel, Walter, 583. Nesle. See Neel. Nets: proceedings for the use of unlawful 385, 502. burnt, 502, 503, 504. seizure of illegal, 514, 518. Ordinances as to, 577, 578. 308 LIBER ALBUS. Neugate (Newgate), 14, 45, 47, 76, 121, 145, 147, 151, 156, 159, 162, 163, 166, 167, 169, 253, 365, 366, 433, 501, 523, 524, 527, 532, 556, 566, 614, 615, 617, 618, 620, 624, 626, 627, 628, 629, 630, 631, 635, 636, 637, 660, 663, 672, 679, 681 ; Newgate, 11, 25, 30, 121, 171, 242, 261, 297, 298, 307, 348, 387, 389, 406, 414, 445, 459, 460, 465, 475, 482, 484, 553, 554, 560, 567, 569, 623, 624, 625, 628, 629, 635, 637, 692, 695, 697, 716. delivery of the Cocket and the Keys of the Gaol of, 121. Gaol delivery at, 414. Neuport, Henry, 602, 683. Neuport, Laurence, 609. See Newport. Nevereatham, Simon, accusation of, 83. Nevyle, the Lord de, 542. New Cemetery, the, 179. yearly payment for the, 229. New Hospital without Bishopsgate, the, 582. New Sarum, 439, 539, 540. See Sarum. New Temple, the, 300, 535. New Troy, the original name of the City of London, 497. Newcastle-on-Tyne, 124. Newenden, John, 552. Newgate. See Neugate. Newport, William de, 483. See Neuport. Nicholas, the Monastery of Saint, 100. Nicholas Flesh- Shambles, the Church and Parish of Saint, London, 393, 465, 607, 713, 716, 717. Niger, Gilo, his crime, 101. Norbury, Richard, 610. See Northbury. Nore, John atte, 297. Norfolk, Adam de, the death of, 89. Norhampton, 536. See Northampton. Norhamptone, John de, Sheriff of London, 502. See Northampton, John. Norman, John, Sheriff of London, 96. Normandy, 12. the merchants of, 179, 228. Northampton, 349, 444, 550, 547, 623, 624, 633. See Norhampton. Northampton, John, Mayor of London, 41. Northbury, Richard, 576. See Norbury. Northe, John, 645. Northflete, 373. Northmymmys (North Mimms), 550. Nortone, Geoffrey de, 15. Nortone, Gregory de, Recorder of London, 440. Norway, 615. Norwich, 536, 539, 541. Notte, John, Mayor of London, 399. Notyngham (Nottingham), 615. Novel Disseisin, 173, 347, 404, 677. usage of the City in recognizances of, 114. Assize of, 187, 195, 566. See Freshforce. Nuisances, Regulations as to, 685. 0. Oath : ofthe Mayor, 24, 25. examination upon, in personal actions, 217. of the various civic dignitaries and officers, 306-319. to be taken by the civic officers yearly, 473. Oats, the sale of, 720. Obligation on certain conditions, 212. Obligors, contribution by joint, 206. Odyham, Richard, Chamberlain of London, 599. Odyham, Walter de, 405. Odyham, William de, charge by, 405. Offences, punishment inflicted by the civic authorities for various, 599, 610. Officers ofthe City : not to exercise certain trades, 526. duties ofthe, 559-570. See Oath. Oistergate, 235. Old Change, 30. INDEX. 509 Old Judgment, procedure in reference to the, 69. Oldecastelle (Oldcastle), John, 638. Old Fish Street, 376. Oldefisshestrete (Old Fish Street), 686, 689 ; Oldefisshstrete, Oldfisshestrete, 689 ; Oldfisshstrete, 682. See Eldefistrate. Olerom (now, Oleron), 536, 547. Olyve, William, charge against, 515, 516. Olyver, John, 194. Olyvere, Godfrey, 468. Ordinances, the, of the Council of Oxford, 125. Ordinances and Usages of the City of Lon don, 654-681. Ordinances ofthe Iter, the Book of, 60. Ormesby, W. de, 298. Ormonde, the Earl of, 606. Orphans under age : the custody of, 10S. recognizances for the property of, 610, 611. Inquisitions as to, 681, 683. Osbarn, Richard, 558. Osbert, death of a man so called, 94. Osbert de Suffolk. See Suffolk. Otteforde (Otford), 297, 278. Ottoboni, Cardinal, 540. Oure, a beast of Egypt so called, 621. Ouse, the river, 507. Outlawry on accusation of murder, 113. Outlaws, Inquisitions as to the goods of, 681-683. Ovens and furnaces, Regulations as to, 333. Oxford, 535, 539, 540, 593, 621, 631, 632, 635, 649. the Council of, 125. Writ to the Taxors of the County of, 348, 428. Charter of, 534. Oxone, John, Mayor of London, 561. Oystregate, Miles de, 385. Paas, John, 445. Padenham, Geoffrey de, 428. Padyngtone, Alan de, 354, Page, John, 242. Palyngtone, Henry de, the complaint of, 479, 480, 483, 484, 635. Pandulph, Master, Subdeacon, 500. Paris, Roger de, Sheriff of London, 123. Palis, 339, Parisshe, 298, Simon de, Al derman of London. Parmystede, Henry, 682. Part-payment, allegation of, 211. Partition, Writ of, 189. Party-walls, regulations as to, 321, 322, 323, 325, 326, 327, 329. Parys, Geoffrey de, 429. Parys, Johanna de, 429. Parys, John de, 242. Pastelers, Regulations as to, 715-718. Pateshulle, Symon de, 116. Paul, the Church of Saint, London, 6, 7, 26, 27, 28, 85, 86, 104, 119, 252, 261, 270, 289, 475, 541, 542, 553, 617, 618, 632, 666, 670, 686, 692, 712, 715,718. the Churchyard of, 29, 30, 93. the Close of, 30. the destruction of, in the reign of King Stephen, by fire, 328. the Liberty of, 137, 141, 150, J 55. 165, 565. Paul, the measurement foot of Saint, 279. Paumer, Henry le, 83. Pavement, nuisance by making, on the King's highway, 331. Pavement, Commarket held on the, 349. Paviours, the payment of, 278, 728. Peace : Ordinances for preservation ofthe, 332, 639-646. penalties for breach ofthe, 475. Pecche, John, 576, 708. Pelterers, the, 542. Pembroke, the Earl of, 535. Penance of Jesus Christ, the Brethren of the, 534. Pentices, Regulations as to, 271, 288, 336, 432. Percy, William, 552. Perers, Alice, 637. Persone, John la, 82. 510 LIBER ALBUS. Perugia, 539. Pesage, 226, 227, 247, 285. Pesog, Thomas, charge against, 515, 516. Peter, Cornhill, the Church of Saint, Lon don, 7, 29, 85, 93, 555. Peter, Westchepe, the Church of Saint, London, 558. Pevrel, the Honour of, in London and Dover, 118. Peytevin, Robert le, crime committed by, 101. Phelipers, or Fripperers, Regulations as to the, 535, 718, 719. Philipot, 522, 598, Philpot, 596, John, Mayor of London. Philpot, Margaret, 682. Picot, Nicholas, Alderman of London, 122, 340. Pie-powder, Courts of, 67. Plaintiff : to be at all times ready in Court, 403. to be put on his oath at the option of the defendant, in action of debt, 521. Plasterers, Regulations as to, 728. Pleaders : to be duly sworn, 473. not to plead within the bar of the Sheriffs' Court, 521. not to cause actions to be brought on false grounds, 522. to make oath well to do their duty, 525. Regulations as to, 570, 571. Pleading, Ordinance as to the forms of, 290. Pleas : a roll and counter-roll of all to be kept, 291. certain, by whom to be held, 296. held before the Mayor, Regulations as to, 390. Pleas of the Crown : rules for procedure during the holding of, 51-59. Articles in reference to the, 78-81. Answers of the Mayor and Barons of London thereto, 81. mainprise in, 296. Pleas of land, Court of Hustings to be held for, 181. Pole, la (the Pool, of the Thames), 249, 263,279, 708,709, 710, 711. Ponte, John de, Official of the Archdeacon of London, 85, 88. Pool ofthe Thames. See Pole. Pope, Walter, 682. Portesmouthe (Portsmouth), 534, 651. Portour, Albin le, 98. Portsmouth. See Portesmouthe. Portsoken of London, the, 130, 131, 132, 138, 139, 154, 164, 273, 301, 304, 463, 563, 720, 723. Portugal, 540, 541, 628. the people of, 720. Postern, the, 557, 563. Poulterers, Regulations as to, 231, 289, 465, 715-718. Poultry, the prices of, 466. Pountfreit, 392, Pountfreyt, 553, John. Pountfreyt, Robert, 553. Pourte, Hugh, Alderman of London, 122, 123. Poyntelle, William, 242. Prakille, John, charge against, 515. Prakylle, Henry, charge against, 515, 516. Prattisferie, 516, Prattysferye, 515. Presenter of offences, none officially ap pointed in London, 60. Prestone, John de, 361, 364. Priests, punishment of unchaste, 459. Prince, [Edward the Black], 388. Prisage on wines, 247, 414-416. Prisoners, Writ to produce the bodies of certain, 297, 298. in the Counters, Regulations as to, 523. in Newgate and Ludgate, Regulations as to, 524. Procurers and procuresses, Regulations as to, 459. Provence, 540, 610. wine of, 711. Pruz (Prussia), 238. Prynchard, Adam, 300. Puff bread, 353. Pulteney, John, Mayor of London, 560. INDEX. 511 Punishment for offences, awarded by the civic authorities, 599-610. Purprestures, 685. Fycarde, Richard, Sheriff of London, 502. Pycot, Robert, 490. Pykeman, 627, 682, Pykman, 489, Giles. Pykeman, 384, Pykman, 489, Robert. Pykman, Andrew, 4S8, 489. Pynke, Robert, 613. Q. Queenborough. See Quenesburghe. Queen-Hythe, 136, 179, 229, 242, 245, 349, 356, 461, 536, 537, 549, 578, 579, 619, 692, 693, 694, 696, 697, 698. Customs levied at, 238, 240, 241, 245. fees to be taken by the bailiff of, 244. the Soke of, 240, 241. See Quenehethe. Quenehethe, 463, Quenehithe, 34, Quen- hithe, 563. See Queen-Hythe. Quenesburghe (Queenborough), 536. Quercy, 540. Questions put to the citizens of London at the Iter ofthe fifth of Henry HI., 62-71. K. Rabelle, John, charge against, 515. Rain-gutters, enactments as to, 321, 323, 331. Rakers, to be appointed, 335. Raley, William de, 502. Rape, appeal of, 84. Reading. See Redyng. Recognizance : of debt, 215. a married woman estopped by her own, enrolled in the Court of Hustings, 338. of merchants, 610, 611. for the property of orphans, 610, 611. Recordatorium, the book so called, referred to, 61. Recorder of London • his office, 42, 43. oath ofthe, 308. Redehede, William, 609. Redyng (Reading), 535, Redynge, 540. Refham, Richer, or Richard, de, Mayor of London, 15, 122, 123, 405, 632. Regrators, Regulations as to, 270, 271. Regratresses of bread, Regulations as to, ' 266, 357. Religious uses, devise of lands to, not to be defeated for want of proper repre sentatives of the testator, 450. Remham, Nicholas de, 435. Removal of goods, defendant, in case of, not to have free summons to plead, 121. Remus and Romulus, founders of Rome, 61. Renger, 94, Rengere, 418, Richard, Jus ticiar. Rennes. See Reynes. Rent : procedure for recovery of, in the City, 62, 63, 472. Statute of Gavelet for the recovery of, 468. Renunciation of the liberties ofthe City, 575-577. Replevin : Writ of, 184, 188. jurisdiction of the Sheriffs in Pleas of, 213, 214. Respite of judgment, 69. Returns, to be made by the Bedels, 189. Reynes (probably, Rennes), 231, Reyns, 225. Rhenish wine, 708, 709, 710, 711. Rhine country, the, 400. Ribbil (Ribble), the river, 507. Richard I., King of England, 78, 81, 319, 324, 498, 499, 534, 537, 546. Charters granted by, to the City of London, 131. Richard n., King of England, 34, 35, 36, 194, 400, 450, 461, 507, 508, 509, 548, 616, 637, 645. 512 LIBER ALBUS. Richard II. — cont. Charters granted by, to the City of London, 153-155. Mandate of, as to victuallers in the City, 467. Statutes of, as to the Conservancy of the rivers of England, 507, 508, 509. Richard, servant of WiUiam Fitz-Bernard, 99. Riga, wood of, 238. Ripone (Ripon), 622. Risynge, 435. Rivers of England, Commission appointed for Conservancy of the great, 508, 509, 513. Robert, Archbishop of Canterbury, 123, 127, 446. Rochele, wine of, 708, 709, 711. Rochester, 298, 501, 539, 61S. Roem, Adam de, accusation by, 109. Rokeley, 379,Rokesle, 401, 406, Rokeslee, 15, 491, Rokesleie, 127, Rokesley, 16, 21, Gregory de, Mayor of London. Rokesle, Adam de, Alderman of London, 122, 123. Rokesle, Thomas, charge against, 515. Rokesley, Robert de, Alderman of London, 354. Romain, 15, Romayn, 19, 122, Romayne, 339, Romeyn, 555, Thomas. Romans, the, 32, 36. Rome, the antiquity of, 61. Romeney wine, 711. Romulus and Remus, founders of Rome, 61. Ronemede (Runnemede), 545. Roos [WiUiam], Lord de, 517. Ropery, the, London, 242, 706. Rote, John, Alderman of London, 35. Royal household, immunities of the City acknowledged, as to finding lodg ings for the, 303. Rumongour, Honorius le, murder com mitted by, 99. Russel, 122, RusseU, 241, Russelle, 612, Elias, Mayor of London. Russel, Geoffrey, 93. Russelle, Thomas, 609. Runnemede. See Ronemede. Rydelle, John, charge against, 515. Saddlers, the, 536. Saint Omer, 535. Saint Saviour, the Church of, Southwark, 99. Salemann, John, 468. Salisbury, John, 563. Salmon and salmon-fry, enactment for the preservation of, 504, 507. Salop (Shrewsbury), 539, 548. Salt: the sale of, 241-244, 460. regrators of, 692. Salt-wharf, 244. Sampsone, John, charge against, 515, 516, 517. Sanctuary : case of a murderer taking, 86. escape of felons from, 93. custody of persons taking, 101. duty of the Warden of the City on a felon escaping from, 281. Sandale, William de, 483. Sandwich, 652, 655, Sandwiz, 248. Sandwich, Ralph de, Warden of the City of London, 17, 401, 402, 40G. Sandwik, John de, 27. Sarduche, Nicholas, 628. Sarra, wife of Albin le Portour, accusa tion by, 98. Sarum, 539, 624. See New Sarum. Sauser, Roger le, murder committed by, 100. Saviour, Saint. See Saint Saviour. Saxon language, the, 13, 36. Saxons, Kings ofthe, 32. Say, Geoffrey de, 429, 430, 431, 432. Say, William de, 429, 430, 431. Sayer, Agnes, 338, 339, 340. Sayer, Roger, 338, 339, 340. INDEX. 513 Scavage, or customs for the Showage of merchandize, 178, 179, 223, 224, 225, 229, 230, 234, 241, 547. Scavagers: oath of the, 313. duties ofthe, 333. Scire Facias, Writ of, 48, 172, 186, 208. Scotale, 130, 133, 138, 140, 149, 155, 165, 258, 659, not to be allowed in the Wards of the City, 333. Scot, John, charge against, 515. Scote, Geoffrej', 385. Scotland, 236, 343, 376, 424, 574, 575, 593, 594, 612, 614^ 616, 634, 645, 649, 650, 653. See Scots. Scotlonde, John, 538, 558. Scots, the, 614, 671. See Scotland. Scrope, Geoffrey le, Justiciar, 438, 444. Sea-coal Lane. See Secollane. Secollane (Sea-coal Lane), 583, 621, 713. Segood, William, charge against, 515, 516. , Segrave, Stephen de, Chief Justiciar, 95. Selanders (Zealanders), the, 642. Sely, Thomas, Alderman and Sheriff of London, 340, 405. Sende, Edward, 554. Sentences and Punishments inflicted by the Civic authorities, 599-610. Sequestration by the City bailiffs, enabling powers in cases of, 120, 407. Serjeants: of the Chamber, 49, 50. of the Mayor and Chamber, oath of the, 312. of the Sheriffs, Ordinance as to the, 520, 521. of the Sheriffs, their number limited, 527. Serle, William, charge against, 515, 638. Servants, householders to be answerable for their, 286, 389. Servat, W., Alderman of London, 339. Sevenok, William, 609, 686. Shearmen, Regulations as to, 723. Shene, Thomas de, 483. Shepey, Thomas, 516. VOL. III. Sheriff, King's Letter as to a person elected, i and not presenting himself at the Exchequer, 363. Sheriffs of London : their duties, 42, 45-47, 56. election of, 43-45. oath ofthe officers ofthe, 45. amercement ofthe, 105. Inquest held by the, upon deaths in the City, 112. powers ofthe, in cases of distress, 119. amercements in the Courts of Hustings to belong to the, 190. jurisdiction of, in Pleas of Repleyin, 213. prisoners to be in custody ofthe, 215. recognizances of debt before the, 215. Pleas before the, removable by order of the Mayor, 219. oath ofthe, 306. oath ofthe Serjeants ofthe, 318. oath ofthe grooms ofthe, 319. foreign acquittances not to be pro pounded in the Courts ofthe, 364. to see that Pleas of Hustings are duly enrolled, 402. on leaving office, to present their rolls of Pleas of Novel Disseisin and Mort d' Ancestor, 404. to pay due obedience to their su periors, 405. Ordinance as to the clerks ofthe, 519. Ordinance as to the fees of the Ser jeants ofthe, 520. to bear certain costs of the Counters, 522. not to let the Counters to ferm, 522. officers of the, to take no more than the ancient fees, 525. number of their Serjeants limited, 527. fees ofthe officers ofthe, 525. duties ofthe, and of other officers, 564- 570. Sheriffs' Courts : sittings ofthe, 199. amercements in the, 220, 390. no pleader or attorney to plead within the bar ofthe, 521. K K 514 LIBER ALBUS. Shiring, Johanna, 611. Shiring, John, 611. Shobenhange, Adam de, 428. Shorne, Benedict de, 576. Shrewsbury. See Salop. Sienese, the, 637. Sign-poles of taverns, Regulations as to, 453. Silkstone, Laurence, 392. Sinks for water, 324. Skinners, Regulations as to, 217, 719, 720. Skins, Regulations as to the sale of, 274, 279. Smethefelde (Smithfield), 714. See Smythefeld. Smithfield, the customs of, 179, 233. See Smethefelde and Smythefeld. Smiths, Regulations as to, 733. Smythe, Thomas, caUed ' Stanes,' 686. Smythefeld (Smithfield), Smythefelde, 179, 233, 249, 272, 541, 549, 551, 588, 664, 675, 724, Smythfeld, 475, Smythfelde, 171, 233, 455, 550, 580, 696. See Smethefelde. Sobio, John de, 85. Sokereves, 64, 610. Solomon. See Temple of Solomon. Somere, John, 436. Somersete, Robert, 194. Somersete, the Church of Saint Mary de, London, 101, 552. Soperslane, 718, 736. Southous, Walter, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399. charge against, 604. Southwark : no markets to be held in, 273. Charters, Ordinances, and Leases of, 572, 573. See Stews and Suthewerk. Spain, 503, 539, 540, 653, 719. products of, 179, 225, 230. wine of, 709, 711. Speculum, the book so caUed, referred to, 61. Sperlo, accusation by Isabella, wife of, 103. Sperlyng/Ralph, 418. SquyreUe, Thomas, charge against, 515, 516. Stace, Geoffrey, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443. Stace, Laurence Geffreyesman, 438, Stace, Thomas, 438. Stakes in rivers, Regulations for the re moval of, 506, 509, 512, 518. Stalkers, nets so caUed,the use of forbidden, 507. Stalls of houses, Regulations as to, 271, 336. Stamford. See Staunforde. Stanes (Staines), the Warren of, 136, 140, 149, 155, 165, 537, 659. the Bridge of, 509. ' Stanes,' Thomas Smythe, called, 686. Staningelane (Staning Lane), 115, Sta- nynglane, 554, 558. Stanks in rivers, Regulations for the re moval of, 506, 509, 512, 518. Stannary, the, 587. Stanota, c'aughter of Walter Buke, accusa tion of, 98. Stantone, 431, Stauntone, 297, Hervey [miscalled 'Henry,' p. 297] de, Justiciar. Statute Merchant, 24, 610, 611. See Ac- tone Burnel. Statutes of various Kings of England, 543- 549. Staunforde (Stamford), 545. Stauntone, Hervey de. See Stantone. Stayntone, John de, 436. Stebenhuthe (Stepney), 91. See Steven- hethe. Stephen, King of England, 328. Stephen, Archbishop of Canterbury, 500. Stephen, the Templar, 125. Stephen, Walbrook, the Church of Saint, 582. Stepney. See Stebenhuthe and Steven- hethe. Sterling, John, 557. Stevenhethe (Stepney), 232. See Steben huthe. Stews, the, in Southwark, 277. Stocks Market. See Stokkes. INDEX. 515 Stok, Roger de, 297, 298. Stokes, Thomas, 608. Stokkes (Stocks), le, or les, 583, 685, 689, 712, 713. Stone, encouragement given to building waUs of, within the City, 329. Stone-bows, the use of, forbidden, 278. Stone-masons, Regulations as to, 728. See Masons and Master-masons. Strangers in the City ; number of compurgators required on trial of, on a charge of murder, 106. freemen not to hold partnership with, 264. foUowing the caUing of hostelers, 268. to be under frank-pledge, 332. Stratford, John de, 241. Stratforde, 730, the Abbey of, 406. Stratforde, Vincent de, 242. Streets in the City : to be kept clear of refuse and filth, 335. Regulations as to persons in the, after curfew rung, 387. and lanes, Regulations as to, 584-586. Strode (Strood, in Kent), 501. Strode, Ralph, 556, 557. Strood. See Strode. StutevUle, William de, 95. Style, William atte, 386. Subsidies, granted by the City of London to the Kings of England, 592-599. Sudbury, William, 637- Suffolk, the County of, 406. Suffolk, verdict as to the will of Osbert de, 76, 122, 123. Sule, WiUiam de, 435. Sureties : to prosecute, the accuser to find, 113. the duties of, where the accused dies before trial, 113. who cannot produce the accused, to pay their Were, 115. liability of, where the accused abjures the realm, 115. Surrey, 86, 129, 194, 645. Sussex, 645. Suthewerk (Southwark), 273, 572, 578, 628; Suthewerke, 299, 341, 530; Suthwerk, 162, 169, 537, 556, 572, 573, 705, 723; Suthwerke, 72, 86 , 250, 357. See Southwark. Suthwerke, John de, 430. Suttone, Robert, 599. Swine : Regulations as to, in the City, 270, 590, 591. not to be reared within the houses, 590, 591. Swithun, the Church of Saint, London, 552. Sword, penalties for drawing a, against another person in the City, 388. Swordbearer, the Mayor's, 49. Syre, John le, 94. Syre, William le, 94. T. Tailor, Philip, Alderman of London, 354. Tailors, Regulations as to, 536, 727. Talbot, Hugh, 608. Tallagers of the County of Oxford, Writ to the, forbidding them to levy taUage on the goods of the citizens of London at Henley, 428. Tallage: to be equaUy assessed upon traders and non-traders, 286. grants of, to the Kings of England, 592-599. TaUow, Regulations as to the sale of, 279. Tally, debt aUeged upon a, 214, 294. Tanners, Regulations as to, 732. Tapicers, Regulations as to, 723. Tauntone, Walter, 557. Tauntone, William, 556. Tateshall, Isolda, or Isabella, de, 100, 101. Taverners, Regulations as to, 267, 706-711. See Wines. Taverns : to be closed by curfew, 276. Regulation as to the sign-poles of, 453. K K 2 516 LIBER ALBUS. Tayllour, Thomas, 610. Templars, the, 535, 618. matters to be treated of in the Council of the Prelates of Canterbury, re specting the, 76, 124, 125. Answers to the said Articles, 126. Temple, the, in London, 125, 535, 032, 679. liberties ofthe, 247. liberty of the, in Strood, 501. See New Temple. Temple of Solomon, Brethren of the Order of the, or Templars, 535. Tenant: notice to be given by and to, 221, 448, 449. no one to receive another's, who has not paid his rent, 289. Tenements, disseisors of, 447. Termoi-s of land, Regulation for preventing the ejectment of, 293. Test, William, 552. Testament of Osbert de Suffolk, verdict of the Aldermen of London as to the, 122. Testaments : claims on proof of, 120. particulars as to, 683-685. Tettesbury, John, 394, 396. Teutonics of Almaine, the, 535, 542, 614, 720. HaU of the, 243. See Hanse of Almaine. Thame, Robert de, 629. Thames, the river, 22, 75, 89, 106, 131, 133, 135, 139, 145, 148, 154, 160, 164, 167, 229, 234, 245, 261, 263, 268, 270, 273, 274, 288, 346, 385, 386, 455, 457, 476, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 505, 507, 508, 509,513, 530, 563, 578, 579, 580, 581, 583, 584, 585, 622, 646, 647, 651, 653, 657, 661, 683, 690, 709, 713. Regulations for the prevention of en croachments upon, 476. high tide in the, 502. Thames— cont. liberties and conservancy of the, 577, 578. custody ofthe, 578-581. Thames Street, 231, Thamisestrete, 706. Thatch, houses in the City formerly covered with, 328. Thieves, Regulations as to, 283. Third Law: description ofthe, 56, 59, GO, trial by, where the King is prosecutor, 112. Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, 26. Thomas, the Templar, 125. Thomas, the Chapel of Saint. See London Bridge. Thomas de Aeon, the Church of Saint. See Aeon. Thorolde, Roger, 604, 610. Thorpe, Elyas de, 398. Thunderle; Reginald, 632. Tilers, Regulations as to, 728. Tiles, the use of in the City, for the pre vention of fire, 328. See Lime. Tolosan, John, Sheriff of London, 418. Topfeld, WiUiam de, 497. Tomegold, John, 483. Tot, Ralph, charge against, 515. Tourhille (Tower HiU), 555, 585. Tournay, John de, 425. See Tumoye. Tourte bread, 358. Tower of London, the, 6, 11, 12, 14, 16, 22, 24, 27, 51, 53, 59, 62, 72, 73, 77, 94, 96, 99, 127, 132, 133, 135, 139, 141, 146, 147, 148, 150, 151, 154, 156, 160, 164, 165, 168, 169, 251, 274, 296, 297, 303, 348, 445, 482, 484, 499, 557, 561, 565, 569, 579, 581, 585, 613, 615, 616, 621, 634, 661, 662, 669, 671, 675. Tower of London, the Constable ofthe, not to take Prisage in the King's name, 414, 415. Tower of London, Foss ofthe, 616. Tower Hill. See Tourhille. Tower, the Ward of, 34, 463, 555. Town Clerk of London, the. See Common Clerk. INDEX. 517 Treasury, robbery ofthe royal, 35. Tremayn, John, Recorder of London, 607. Tremonde, 486. Trent, the river, 145, 445, 504, 507, 633, 634,661. Trent, WiUiam, Alderman of London, 340. Trespass : action of, 204. plaints of, 205. freedom of the City allowed in a Plea of, 298, 300. Trinity, the Prior of the Holy, London, 535, 582. Trinovantum, the former name of London, 497. Triple, John, 671. Triplow, William, 553. Tronage, 226, 245. exemptions from, 227. Troy, London founded after the likeness of, 61. Troy, Great, 497, 498. Troy, New, the original name of the City of London, 497. Truce, Proclamations of, 639-646. Trygg, Adam, 242. Trygge, William, 483. Trymcok, John, charge against, 515, 516. Trymcok, Ralph, charge against, 515. Tun on Cornhill, the, 162, 275, 459, 460, 601, 603, 655, 715. Turk, Walter, Mayor of London, 32, 560. Turnoye, John de, 420. See Tom-nay. Turrok, a person so called, slain, 82. Tuscany, 540. Tybourne, the Conduit of, 538. Tyllere, WiUiam, 686. Tyulour, le Ireis, the murder of, 86. U. Under-Sheriffs of London : \ Oaths ofthe, and their clerks, 3 17. duties ofthe, 564. Undirwode, Alan, 33. Upchirehe (Abchurch), the Church of, London, 100. Upeland, 693, Upelande, 695. Uptone, Stephen de, 123. Usages and Ordinances of the City, 654- 681. Usurers : King's Writ against, 367. Ordinance against, 368. Usury : judgment given against the obligee of a bond by reason of, 394-399. declaratory Articles as to what consti tutes, 399. Ordinances as to, 683. V. Valence, WiUiam de, 502. Venetians, the, 637. Vernage wine, 711. VictuaUers : City officers not to be, 272. strange, to have ingress and egress from the City, 467. Regulations as to, 715-718. Victuals, Regulations for the sale of, in the markets ofthe City, 260. Viel, 82, Vyel, 418, John. Vinetrie, John de, Alderman of London, 122, 123. Vinetrie (Vintry), 34. Vinterye, the Ward of, 463. Vintners, Regulations as to the, 536, 706- 711. Vyel. See Viel. w. Wachere, John, Chamberlain of the City, 418. Wager of battle, 109. 518 LIBER ALBUS. Wager of law : on the death of a man, 89, 90. in cases of felony, 91, 92. with forty-two compurgators, in the case of a non-freeman of the City, 102. in action of debt, 203, 204. in action of trespass, 204. Waiver of Court, 66. Wake, the Lord de, 555. Walbrok (Walbrook), 232, 250, 271, 582, 583,606, Walbroke, 271, 463, Wal brook, 531, 553, 581, 582, Wale broke, 97, 104, 105, 110. the Bridge of, 583. the Church of Saint Stephen, 582. custody of the Watercourse of, 582. the Ward of, 463, 606. Waldeshef, John, 576, 671. Wales, 490. See Welsh. Waleys, Henry le, 485, 491. See Galeys. WalkeUn, Vicar of Saint Paul's, London, murder committed by, 85. Waltham, the Abbot of, 610. Waltham, Hugh de, 435, 445, 446. Walworthe, Philip, 557. Walworthe, William, 605. Walyngforde (WaUingford), 541, 550. the Honour of, 534. Warde, John, Mayor of London, 41. Warden of the City of London : when appointed, 16-18. the duties of, 280. Wardmotes, of the Wards of London, 8, 36- 39, 265, 276, 457, 654, 674. to be held by the Aldermen, 251, 277. Inquisitions to be made at the, 337, 338. Wardone, the Abbot and Convent of, 338. Wardrobe, the King's, 616. Wards of London, the : how anciently named, 34. Scotale not to be aUowed in the, 333. to be duly cleansed, 335. to make provision against fire, 335. watches to be set in the, 389. relative proportions of, in electing to the Common Council, 463. See Wardmotes. Ware, 348, 695, 698. Warenne [William], Earl of, 502. Warin, the Vintner, 101, 102. Warranty given by vendors of land, 292. Waste, Writ of, 186. Wastel bread, 353. Watch and Ward : Regulations as to, 284. be set in each Ward, 389. Ordinances as to, 646-653. Watefeld, John de, 365. Water, barrels of, to be provided against fire, 334. Watlyngstrete (Watling Street), the Close of, 29. Watlyngtone, John, 556, 557. Wayvefuntaines, Ralph, the death of, 93. Weald, the, 729. Wears, destroyed by royal mandate. 503, 505. See Kidels. Weavers, Regidations as to, 119, 134, 535, 723. Weavers' Guild, the, 134. Websters, 723. See Weavers. Weights and Measures, Ordinances as to, 273, 278, 586-589. Weingrave, 298, Wenegrave, 122, Wen- grave, 15, 123, 339, John de, Al derman of London. WeUes, William de, 241. Wells, the Provost of, 550. Welsh, the, 634. See Wales. Wengrave. See Weingrave. Were, the, 111, 129. to be paid by the sureties on non-pro duction ofthe accused, 115. Werk, the river, 504. Weschepe (West Cheap), 355, 356, West chepe, 26, 233, 242, 503, 558, 697, 698, 719. See Chepe. Wesenham, John, 630. Wessex, 545. West Fish Street, 376, Westfistrete, 380. Westhale, Agnes de, 438. Westhale, Walter de, 438. INDEX. 519 Westminster, 5, 16, 18, 20, 23, 25, 35, 127, 136, 137, 140, 155, 156, 165, 191, 192, 298, 302, 342, 364, 365, 368, 387, 410, 414, 416, 417, 431, 436, 441, 467, 479, 480, 481, 484, 493, 494, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 512, 514, 516, 518, 536, 542, 543, 547, 548, 549, 578, 580, 622. the Abbot of, 536. the Second Statute of, 507, 508. the Statute of, 45 Edward in., 578. Westone, John de, 305. Weymouthe, John, 554. White Friars. See Friars Carmelites. Whitman, WiUiam, 608, 682. Whittone, Nicholas de, 433. Whiryngton, Richard, Mayor of London, 4. Widow : claim of, to land, 71. decision that a second wife on be coming a, shall have a moiety of her husband's goods, irrespective of issue, 392. decision that a, shall have her free- bench in a tenement which belonged to her husband, 393. Widows of London, the, 534, 536, 540. Wflekyn, WiUiam, the Alderman, accusa tion by, 110. WiUiam the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, 12. King of England, 13, 14, 26, 159, 498, 505, 536. Charter granted by, to the City of London, 128. WiUiam, Bishop [of London], 26, 28. WiUiam, Chaplain of Saint Peter's, Corn- hiU, 85. WiUiam, kinsman of Ralph le CotiUer, 88. Wills : the enrolment of, 180. Proof of, in the Court of Hustings, 403. to be proved, aU due objections re served, 407. Wilton. See Wyltone. Winchelsea. See Wynchelse. Winchester, 535, 539, 542, 548, 551, 624, 640, 647. the Fair of, 228,321, 419. See Wynchestre. Winchester, the Bishop of, 517, 541, 555. Winchester Seld, the, 241. Windsor. See Wyndesore. Winedrawers, Regulations for the payment of, 526, 706-711. Wines : sold contrary to the Assize, 83, 97. Prisage on, 247. Regulations as to, 706-711. See Taverners. Winton, Walter de, Sheriff of London, 88. Wircestre, WiUiam, 557. Withernam, 619. Witnesses, to be persons of good repute, 475. Woad, regulations as to the importation of, 228, 273. Wolcherchhaw (Woolchurch-Haw), 583, Wolchirchawe, 246, Wolchirche- hawe, 179, Wollechirchawe, 246, the Customs of. Wolchirche (Woolchurch), 689. Wolchirchehawe, William, 588. Wolewiche (Woolwich), 516. See Wul wiche. Wolkey (Wool Quay), 580. Wolsiesgate, 242, Wolsyesyate, 697. Wolwharf (Wool Wharf), 730. Wonborne, John de, 418. t Women of bad repute : not to reside within the City, 283. Regulation as to their clothing, 283. to be driven from the Wards, 332. See Courtesans. Wool, the Pesage of, 227. WooUen goods, charges upon, 230. Woolwich. See Wolewiche and Wulwiche. Wottone, Nicholas, Mayor of London, 40. Wottone, WiUiam, Alderman of London, 606. Writ of Capias, 199. Writ of Cessavit, 184. Writ of Dower, 185. 520 LIBER -ALBUS. Writ of En-or, 137. alleged miscarriage of justice through, 408, 409. Writ of Exigent, 190. Writ Ex Gravi Querela, 184. Writ of Fieri Facias, 48. Writ of Gavelet, 186. Writ of Partition, 184, 189. Writ of Quare Ejecit, 293. Writ of Quid Juris clamat, 184. Writ of Replevin, 184, 188, 213, 214. Writ of Scire Facias, 48, 172, 186, 208. Writ of Services and Customs, 62. Writ of Unde nihil habet, 184, 185. Writ of Waste, 186. Writers of Court-hand, 714, 715. Writs : to be shewn to the Mayor and Alder men, 404. and Commissions, granted by the IQng, 617-638. Wrothe, John, 576. Wrytele, John de, 123. Wulwiche (Woolwich), 515. See Wole wiche. Wyltone (Wilton), 536. Wyltone, Richard de, 91. Wymarca, wife of Richard de Wyndunberi, 94. Wympler, William le, 97. Wynchelse (Winchelsea), the Barons of, 540. Wynchestre, 635. See Winchester. Wyndesore (Windsor), 373, 429, 536. Wyndesore, J. de, Alderman of London, 340. Wyndesore, William, 636. Wyndunberi, Hamo de, 94. Wyndutfberi, Eichard de, 94. Wyndunberi, Thomas de, 94. Wyne, John, 90. Wyntone, John de, 298. Wyntone, Nicholas de, Alderman of Lon don, 354. Wyre, the river, 507. Wysdale, William de, 619. Wysman, William, 576. Y. Yantlet. See Yenlande and Zenlade. Yarmouth, in Norfolk, 376, 490. See Ger-' nemue. Yenlande (Yantlet), 501. See Zenlade. York, the City of, 148, 162, 169, 304, 434, 445, 447, 470, 482, 541, 547, 614, 617, 618, 623, 633, 638, 650. See Euerwyke. York, the Archbishop of, 629. York [Walter], Archbishop of, 502. York [Edward Plantagenet],Duke of, 517. York, Mabil de, 87. York, William de, Provost of Beverley, 77, 502. z. Zachary, the Street of Saint John, Gode rounelane, 102. See John Zachary. Zealanders, the. See Selanders. Zenlade (Yanlet), 244. See Yenlande, Zole, John de, 406. INDEX TO THE APPENDICES. INDEX TO THE APPENDICES. [The figures denote the page ofthe present Volume.] Ethelred, IQng, 453. Albunazar, the Astronomer, 460. Alfred, King of England, 453. Manor (Eleanor), Queen, wife of Henry HI., her Charter to the Brethren ofthe Penance of Jesus Christ, 430, 431. Andreu, James, 421. Anedehethe, 446. Aquitaine, 430, 437. Arderne, Richard de, 415. Aristotle, 460. Arraz, Robert de, Sheriff of London, 453. Assheburne, Hugh de, 412. Assisa Panis, Extracts from the, 411-429. Athelstan, King, 453. Atherle, John, Alderman of London, 428. Aubrey, John, Alderman of London, 423. Aune, Alexander, Recorder of London, 428. Aylesbury, Richard de, 412. B. Bakers of white bread, complaint of the, 414. Bamme, Adam, Alderman and Sheriff of London, 425, 428. Bamme, Henry, Alderman of London, 426, 428. Barbour, Robert le, 413. Barbour, Walter le, 412. Barnette, WilUam atte, 417. Barons, Wars of tlie, with King John, 445. Basyngge, Thomas de, Alderman of Lon don, 452. Bath, Henry de, 445. Beneyt, Thomas, 427. Bere, Roger le, 418. Bernard, WilUam, 431. Bernes, John, Mayor of London, 423. Bertone, Robert de, 417. Betoigne, Richard de, Mayor of London, 416, 418. Beverlee (Beverley), 445. BUIingesgate, 448, Billyngesgate, 413, 447. Birlynge, WiUiam de, 420. Bisshopesgate, the Gate of, 432. Bitterle, Richard de, 418. Black bread, 426. Blakehethe (Blackheath), 457. Blakeneie, John de, Alderman of London, 452. Blound, Ralph de, Alderman of London, 452. Boetius, the Philosopher, 460, 461. Bokelonde, Adam de, 4] 8. Bole, WiUiam le, the punishment of, 411- 413. Bolet, Simon, 433. Botelstone, Alan, 423. Brasour, William le, 412. Bredstrate (Bread Street), 411, 412. Bredstrete, Adam de, 412. Brembre, Nicholas, Mayor of London, 424, 425. Brewere, WiUiam, the punishment of, 425. Brid, John, charge against, and punish ment of, 416-420. 524 INDEX TO THE APPENDICES. Bridge House, the : Queen Alianor, Warden of, 430, 43 1 . Charter as to, 430. Grant of a Corody by the Brethren of the, 449-453. See London Bridge, p. 527. Brightenoth, Alicia de, 417. Bristol, Roger de, 413. Brokesbourne, Robert de, 417, 420. Brokley, John, Alderman of London, 428. Broun, Richard, 427. Bunne, a bread so caUed, 423. Burgh, St. Peter (Peterborough), 439. Bury, Adam de, Mayor of London, 423. c. Candelwike (Candlewick), 432. Canterbury, the Archbishop of, 462. his Soke, 448. Caps made of false work, scrutiny as to, 433. Cardoil (Carlisle), Adam de, 413. Carltone, Thomas, Alderman of London, 425. Carpenter, John, Letter of, descriptive of the entry of IQng Henry VI. into the City of London, 457-464. Catteworthe, Thomas, Alderman of London, 429. Caustone, John de, Alderman of London, 416-418. Caxtone, Jeremiah de, 445. Chaltone, Thomas, Alderman of London, 428. Chambre, the King's, London so called, 458, 463. Chapman, William, Sheriff of London, 429. Chauntecler, Roger, Sheriff of London, 416, 418. Cheap. See Chepe. Cheiham, William de, 413. Chepe (Cheap), 425, 433, 442, 461. Chestre, William, the punishment of, 424, 425. Cheyne, WiUiam, Recorder of London, 424, 425, 426, 428. ChigeweUe, 411, 413, ChiggeweUe, 414, Chigwelle, 418, Hamo de, Mayor of London. Cinque Ports, the, 446, 447. Cloths, the fulling of, 431. Coam, John, Alderman of London, 411. Cocket-bread, 411. • Colchirchstrate, 430. Cologne Merchants, Guildhall ofthe, 448. Combemartyn, 418, Combemartyne, 41G, Henry de, Alderman of London. Conduit, Reginald de, Alderman of Lon don, 416, 418. Conduit, the, 461. Conduit of St. Paul's, the, 462. Cook, Hamo, 412. Cordewanere, Edgile, 413. Cordwainers of London, Ordinances of the, 441-445. ComhiUe, 460. CornwaU, John de, 412. Corveiser, Richard le, 432. Corveiserestrate, 444. Costantyn, Richard, Alderman of London, 411, 413, 418. Coterel, Richard, 412. Coventre, Henry de, Alderman of London, 452. Cremelford, 426, Crymelforde, 428, Geof frey, Alderman of London. Crepelgate (Cripplegate), 425. Croys, John, the punishment of, 427, 428. Crymelforde, Geoffrey. See Cremelford. D. David, the Psalms of, 461. Depforde (Deptford), 458. Donmowe, Adam, 427. Douuegate, 448. Durham, WiUiam de, Alderman of London, 452. Dycun, Elyas, 418. E. Edelmetone, Peter de, Alderman of Lon don, 452. Edward (the Elder), King, 453. INDEX TO THE APPENDICES. )25 Edward, Saint (the Confessor), 462. Edward I., King of England, 412, 414, 415, 432, 438, 453. Edward II., IQng of England, 412, 414, 415, 432, 433. exemption granted by, to the City ot London, 433, 434. Writ of, enjoining payment of monies to the Keeper of the Wardrobe, 434. Writs of, to the Sheriffs of London, commanding that the City shall be taUaged, 435, 436. exemption again granted by, to the City of London, 437. Writ of, enjoining that the Statute of Winchester shall be observed, 437- 439. Edward HI., IQng of England, 416, 420, 423, 424. Eleanor, Queen. See Alianor. Elias, 461. Eltham, 458. Elyot, Walter, 427. England, 430, 437, 438, 459, 462. English words used in Charters, explana tions of, 453-456. Enoch, 461. Essexe, William, 421. Essexe, Wolmar de, Alderman of London, 452. Estone, John, Alderman of London, 424, 425. EucUd, the Mathematician, 460. Euere, Walter de, 413. Eustone, Reginald, 427. Extone, Nicholas, Alderman of London, 425. F. Fair-and-Good, Robert, the punishment of, 421. Farndone (Faringdon), Nicholas de, Mayer of London, 415, 418, 439. Feure, Ralph le, Sheriff of London, 453. Flete (Fleet), 432. Fletestrete (Fleet Street), 463. Forborne, Brother Stephen de, 430. France, 459, 462. Fraunceis, John, Alderman of London, 426. French bread, 423. Frensshe, Simon, the punishment of, 426, 427, 428. Frere, Richard, 418. Frost, John, the punishment of, 428, 429. Frowike, Henry de, Alderman of London, 452. Fruyter, Hugh le, 413. FulUng of cloths, the, 431. Furneux, John, Alderman of London, 426. G. Gartone, Hugh de, Alderman of London, 411, 413, 416, 418. GUdhaUe of the Cologne Merchants, the, 448. Gloucester, Richard de, Alderman of Lon don, 411, 413,416, 433. Gloucester, Robert de, 413. Godchepe, Hamo, Alderman of London, 418. Grantham, John de, Alderman of London, 416. Gravele, John, 421. Gregory, William, Alderman of London, 429. Gros, John, 427. GuildhaU, the, 416, 425, 427, 431, 433, 436. See GildhaUe. Gyzors, Anketin de, Alderman of London, 418. H. Haddele, 423, 424, Hadele, 424, John, Alderman of London. Hadestoke, Simon de, Alderman of London, 452. Hadestoke, WiUiam de, Alderman of Lon don, 452. Hakeney, Richard de, Alderman of Lon don, 418. Haldene, William de, Recorder of London, 423, 424. Hales, William, Sheriff of London, 429. 526 INDEX TO THE APPENDICES. Hatfelde, Robert, Alderman of London, 424. Hattere, Bartholomew le, 433. Hedesore, Richard de, the punishment of> 421. Henle (Henley), 421. Henry in., King of England, 430, 441, 445, 453. Henry VI., 428. description of his entry into the City of London, 457-464. Hereford, Stephen de, 433. Hert, WiUiam, 427. Hertynge, WiUiam de, 417. Hervi, Walter, Mayor of London, 441. Heyne, Richard, 415. the punishment of, 420, 421. Hikke, Reginald, the punishment of, 424. Hiltofte, John, the punishment of, 421. HoleweUe,' Geoffrey de, 418. Honesdone, Richard de, 417. Hoo, John, Alderman of London, 424, 425. Horn, John, Alderman of London, 452. Horse-bread, 422, 424, 425, 426. Huchereve, Robert le, 413. Hundesfissh, Richard de, 432. Hurdle, punishment of the, inflicted, 413, 414, 420, 421, 423, 424, 425, 42G, 428, 429. I. In-the-Lane, Henry, Grant of a Corody to, 449-453. In-the-Lane, Peter, 427. Ireland, 430, 437. IsabeUa, wife of Alan Botelstone, the punish ment of, 423. Isabella, wife of Henry In-the-Lane, Grant of a Corody to, 449-453. J. Jesse, the Root of, 462. Jewry, the, in London, 430. Joce (Joseph), Serjeant ofthe Chamber, 412. John, King, 441. his wars with the Barons, 445. Joye, William, 412. K. Keu, Richard le, his legacy, 430. Keyle, William de, 418. Kirketone, John, Alderman of London, 425. Knut, King, 453. Kyng' Page, John le, the punishment of, 240. Kynge, William, Alderman of London, 426, 428. Langele (Langley), 437. Large, Robert, Alderman of London, 428. Larke, William, 425. Launde, Robert, Alderman of London, 424, 425. Lescrop, 435, Lescrope, 435, 436, Henry, Justiciar. Lesnes, John de, 431. Leyre, Thomas de, Alderman of London, 418. Leyre, WUliam de, 433. Little, John, Alderman of London, 423. Londenestone (London Stone), John de, 415. London, 414, 416, 423, 425, 430, 431, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 441, 443, 444, 445, 446, 448, 449, 452, 454, 457. particulars connected with the Bakers of, and their punishments, from the 14th year of Edward H. to the 16th of Henry VI., 411-429. Regulations as to the fulling of cloths within, 431. Regulations as to the Turners of, 432. oath ofthe Tawyers of, 432. exemptions granted by Edward II. to the citizens of, in return for a loan of one thousand pounds, 434. Writ enjoining payment of the said smn to the Keeper ofthe Wardrobe, 434. INDEX TO THE APPENDICES. 527 London — cont. Order that the City shall be tallaged notwithstanding, 435. Writ addressed to the Sheriffs, to that effect, 435. Second Writ to the like effect, 436. Respite requested by the citizens, and a loan granted of six hundred marks, 436. exemptions again granted by the IQng thereupon, 437. Writ to the Mayor and Sheriffs of, en joining that the Statute of Winches ter shaU be rigidly observed, 438. Proclamation made in accordance therewith, 439. Ordinances of the Cordwainers, temp. Henry IH., 441-445. Customs levied at Queen-Hythe in the reign of King John and in the 28th of Henry HI., 445-448. Letter of John Carpenter, Common Clerk of the City, descriptive of the entry of Henry VI. into the City on Thursday, the 20th of February 1432, after his return from France, 457-464. called the " King's Chamber," 458, 463. London Bridge, 430, 447, 459. grant of a Corody by the Wardens of, 449-453. See Bridge House, p. 524. Lothebury, 430. Louis, Saint, King of France, 462. Loveigne, 431, Loveyne, 431, Godfrey, or Geoffrey, charge against. M. Maderman, Geoffrey, 413. Margaret Lothbury, the Parish of Saint, 430. Markefeld, 435, Markyngfelde, 435, John de, Justiciar. See Merkyngfelde. Maryns, John, Aldemian of London, 423, 424. Maynard, WiUiam, 413. Mazeliner, John le, Chamberlain of London, 435. Measures, Regulations as to the making of, 432. Megucer, John le, 432. Megucer, Richard le, 432. Meldeborne, Robert de, Alderman of Lon don, 452. Merifeld, Simon; 427. Merkyngfelde, Johnde, 536. See Markefeld. Messyndone, Walter de, the punishment of, 413, 414. Michelle, John, Mayor of London, 428. Middlesex, 434. Miltone, Roger de, 417. Mitere, Richard le, 418. More, John, Alderman of London, 425. More, WiUiam, Alderman of London, 425. Moritz, Thomas, 421, 422. Morle, Thomas de, 417. Morpathe, Alexander de, 412. Moulding-boards, deception practised by certain bakers as to their, 416-420. N. Neugate (Newgate), 420, 421. Neuport, WilUam, Alderman of London, 425. Neutone, Geoffrey, Alderman of London, 424. Noket, Thomas, Alderman of London, 428. Norbury, Richard, Alderman of London, 426, 428. Norhampton, William de, 413. Norhamptone, 426, 427, Northamptone, 423, 452, John de, Alderman of London. Norhamptone, Robert de, 412. Norwich, Walter de, 437. 0. Olave, Jewry, the Church of Saint, 430. Olney, John, Alderman of London, 429. Olyver, WilUam, Alderman of London, 428. Organ, John, Aldemian of London, 425. Oxford, John de, Alderman of London, 418. 528 INDEX TO THE APPENDICES. Paddesle, John, Alderman of London, 428. Palmere, Roger le, Alderman of London, 411,413. Paradise, 461. Parliament, the, held at York, 435. Parys, Simon de, 411, 433. Paul, the Cathedral Church of Saint, London, 462. the Dean and Chapter of, 462. Pavement, Market on the, 413. Payndemayn, a bread so called, 424. Penance of Jesus Christ, Charter to the Brethren ofthe, 430, 431. Peter, Cornhill, the Street of Saint, 460. Peterborough. See Burgh, Saint Peter. Phelipot, John, Mayor of London, 425. Picot, Nicholas, 433. Pillory, punishment of the, 416, 420, 421, 428. Pipere, Robert le, 431. Plot, William, the punishment of, 424. Polberowe, John de, 417. Poggere, William, the punishment of, 421, 422. Pope, William, 418. Potere, Walter le, Alderman of London, 452. Poyntel, John, Alderman of London, 413, 416, 418. Prest, John, 433. Prestone, John de, Alderman of London, 416, 418. Priour, John, Alderman of London, 418. Priscian, the Grammarian, 460. Proclamation for preservation of the peace, 439. Prodhomme, WiUiam, Sheriff of London, 412. Puddynglane, Simon, the punishment of, 423. Pyel, John, Alderman of London, 423, 424, Pykeringe, Lucy de, 417. Pythagoras, the Philosopher, 460. Q. Queen-Hythe, 413, 448. the Customs levied at, temp. King John and Henry IH., 445-448. Queen's Soke, the, 446, 447, 448. R Rede, Gilbert le, 415. Refham, Richard, or Richer, de, Maj'or of London, 432, 433. Reynham, Thomas, Alderman of London, 424. Richard IL, King, 424, 426. Rokesle, Gregory de, Mayor of London, 449, 453. Romain, Thomas, 433. Rote, John, Alderman of London, 424, 425. Rothinge, 417, Rothynge, 418, Richard de, Sheriff of London. s. Sabrichesworthe, Sabricheworthe, Walter de, the punishment of, 413, 414. Saint Ives, Adam de, Aldemian of London, 425. Salapia, Alexander, Archbishop of, 453. Salesbury, Adam de, Alderman of London, 418. Scotland, 435, 438, 440. Sele, Ralph atte, the punishment of, 424. Sele, Reginald atte, 427. Sele, William atte, 417. Seler, Warm le, 413. Sely, John, Alderman and Sheriff of Lon don, 425, 426, 428. Simnel bread, 411. Sopereslane (Sopers Lane), 444. Southwark. See Suthwerk. Spaldyngge (Spalding), 436. Stable, Adam, Alderman of London, 423, 424, 425. INDEX TO THE APPENDICES. 529 Stantone, 435, 436, Stauntone, 435, 436, Hervey de, Justiciar. Staundone, John de, 433. Staundone, William, Alderman of London, 426, 428. Stoke, 436, Stokes, 435, 436, Ralph de, Justiciar. Stratford, WiUiam de, 415. Stratforde, William de, the punishment of, 411-413. Stratforde, 421. Strode, John de, the punishment of, 415. Suffolke, EUas de, Alderman of London, 412. Suthwerk (Southwark), 459. Suttone, John, Alderman of London, 429. Swalclife, 415, Swalclyve, 411, 413, Robert, Alderman of London. Swithin's Lane, Saint, 432. T. TaiUour, John le, 413. Taverner, Philip le, Alderman of London, 452. Tawyers, Oath ofthe, 432. Temple Bar, Old, 425. Templebarre, 425. Thedmar, John, 418. Thew, punishment ofthe, 423. Thorneye, Thomas de, 421. Thorntone, Bartholomew, 427. Tornour, Henry le, 432. Tornour, John le, 432. Tornour, Richard le, 432. Tornour, Robert le, 432. Tourte-bakers, Complaint agamst the, 414. Tourte bread, 411, 429. Tower of London, the, 445. Trait, bread of, 411. Tudenham, WilUam de, 421. Tully, the Orator, 460. Turners of London, Regulations as to the making of measures by the, 432. Twyford, Nicholas, Alderman of London, 424. Vanne, Richard atte, 426. Vyne, John, Alderman of London, 424. w. Walcpte, John, Alderman of London, 425. Waleworthe, WiUiam, Alderman of Lon don, 423. Walpole, Adam de, 418. Waltham, Hugh de, 421. Waltham, John, 427. Warbeltone, Robert, Alderman of London, 424. Warde, John, Mayor of London, 424. Warle, Ingelard de, Keeper of the Ward robe, 434, 435. Welde, WiUiam, Alderman of London, 423. Wengrave, John de, 433. Westminster, 436, 463. Whicherche, Thomas, 421. Whitetawier, Geoffrey le, 432. Winchester, 438. Winchester, John de, 412. Winchester, Nicholas de, 449. Winchester Seld, the, 448. Winchester, Writ enjoining that the Statute of, shaU be rigorously observed, 437, 438, 439. Wodehouse, John atte, 418. Wodehouse, WilUam, Alderman of Lon don, 425. Wodestrete (Wood Street), 428, 432. Woreparthe, 446. Wrotham, John de, 415. Wrothe, John, Alderman of London, 423. Wygge, a bread so called, 424. Wynchecombe, Simon, 425. Wyndesore, 434, 435. Wyndesore, John de, 433. Wysebeche, John, 426, 427. Y. Yerdelee, Henry de, 421. Yonge, the punishment of Richard le, 422. York, ParUament held at, 435. York, WiUiam de, Provost of Beverley, 445. VOL. III. L L COERIGENDA. Page 293, line 32, col. I, for 284 read 384. „ 321, „ 5, „ 1, „ 236 „ 685. „ 371, ,, 7, „ 1, „ WooUecMrchawe read WoUechirchawe. „ 371, „ 29, „ 1, „ Wolsyesgate read Wolsyesyate. „ 393, „ 30, „ 2, „ 728 read 7, 28. L L 2 LONDON : Printed by George E. 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