A * B. Atk.'n^ M i v'V >jj^e^r- "THE CHURCH: THE PILLAR, AND GROUND OF THE TRUTH;" SERMON PREACHED IN PHILADELPHIA, SEPTEMBER 36, 1858, **?' BY THE w REV. ADDISON B. ATKINS, Rector. PUBLISHED BY REQ.1IKST. -:v. PHILADELPHIA : " ' «; JJ)HN ALEXANDER, 52 SOUTH FOURTH STREET. MDCCCLVIII. |@\§^T>-'- "^6N9/2/9| "THE CHURCH:- THE PILLAR, AND GROUND OF THE TRUTH." A SERMON "$RE ACHED IN <%ist €\mt\, §txmMm, PHILADELPHIA, SEPTEMBER 26, 1858, BY THE REV. ADDISON B. ATKINS, Rector. PUBLISHED BY REQUEST. PHILADELPHIA : JOHN ALEXANDER, 52 SOUTH FOURTH STREET. MDCCCLVIII. Germantown, Sept. 30, 1858. Rev. A. B. Atkins, Eev. and Dear Sir : — The undersigned having heard, with pleasure, the Sermon preached by you on Sunday morning, the 26th inst., and being desirous of possessing a copy, of what seems to them, a clear definition of the nature and limits of " The Church," as revealed in the Bible ; in the hope, also, that it may be the means of successfully combating the errors now prevalent respecting this subject; would earnestly request a copy for publica tion. , Very Respectfully and Truly Yours, P. E. HAMM, G. W. MERCHANT, THOMAS H. POWERS, JNO. B. CHAMPION, CHS. L. SCOTT, J. E. STONE, CHAS. SPENCER, JAMES YOCUM, JNO. C. KNOX, C. S. WOOD, M. D. LEWIS, HENRY FREAS, A. MISKEY, WM. H. WEBB, BENJ. G. GODFREY, CHS. S. CARSTAIRS, CHARLES Le BOUTILLIER, CLEMENT TINGLEY, Jr. WM. C. TAYLOR, W.J3. STONE, HENRY R. SMITH. Parsonage Christ Church, October 11, 1858. My Dear Friends : The accompanying Sermon, preached as you know, in the ordi nary course of Parochial duty, and also, as the closing one of a series delivered upon the Apostles' Creed ; I, with great reluctance, yield into your hands. If its publication should in the slightest degree promote the cause of pure Evangelical Truth, I shall be satisfied, whatever else may be the effect. Sincerely and affectionately, Your friend and pastor, A. B. ATKINS. To Messrs. P. E. Hamm, Thos. II. Powers, Geo. W. Merchant, and others. the church: THE PILLAE, AND GBOTJND OP THE TKTJTH " The Church of the Living God, the Pillar and Ground op the Truth." — 1. Timothy 3: 15. We have chosen these words for our present dis course, rather as a motto, than as a text ; intending, as you will soon see, to present facts and thoughts which could not well be brought out in a sermon, logically confined to any one verse. As a minister of Christ, it is my chief and most boun- den duty, to labor to save immortal souls ; to lead per ishing sinners directly to the cross; that through the blood of the new covenant they may be saved with an everlasting salvation. To this one heaven -commis sioned w.ork, as the chief burden of all my teaching, I sincerely trust, my life is consecrated ; for this, all the powers of my mind and all the sympathies of my heart are engaged. In this mission, I trust, by the grace of God, ever to be employed till my Heavenly Father shall call me to Him in eternity. But as a minister of the Protestant Episcopal Church, it is, also, my duty from time to time, to give you such discourses, on the doctrines and peculiarities of this church, as shall establish you understandingly in your church membership. It is my purpose, therefore, this morning, to consider these points : I. The Church : invisible and visible. II. The Church : Protestant Episcopal. The word church, as found written in the Sacred Scriptures, has various significations; sometimes refer ring to the whole body of true believers, the elect in heaven and on earth ; sometimes to the baptized Chris tians in a particular place, or district, or house ; as, for instance : the Church at Corinth ; the Church at Rome ; the Church in Galatia; the Church which is in the house of Priscilla and Aquila; and, again, sometimes to the whole body of the baptized throughout the world, both good and bad.* In this latter sense, the word is used very seldom indeed. The first and second senses are the most common. *See Barrow on the Church. Oxford Ed. vol. iii. p. 496. Much of the difficulty and fierce battling among theo logians in past years, has been owing to a confusion of these significations, and to a kind of "misty vagueness," with which, in the minds of many, the word church has • ever been surrounded. The etymological signification of the Greek word ren dered church, is the calling out of, the separation, the selection ; practically then, it means, the aggregate of believers, of true Christians, as distinguished from all others. The word is often used (as we have just hinted) in a limited and partial sense, but this is its original fundamental idea. There are many eclesiastical organizations in the world called churches, and with many distinctive names, but there is only one true church, outside, of which there is and can be no salvation; concerning this church, the much used maxim : Extra Ecclesiarn non est salus ; out of the church is no salvation, is most true. Its members are to be found in every de nomination of Christians, and in all periods of time. Its Head and Sovereign is the risen Christ, who is now seated at the right hand of God, and all they belong to it, whether living or dead, who have believed in Christ and been transformed into His image. No one else belongs to it, whether a living Pharisee or a dead one ; whether the object of a present respectful affectum or of a proud and grateful remembrance. This is the church whose existence does not abso lutely depend on anything outward or human, "on forms, ceremonies, edifices, pulpits^ fonts, vestments, organs, endowments, money, or any favor whatsoever from the hands of men. It cannot be destroyed — we may hate, persecute, behead, and burn its members, but we cannot destroy it."* Plunge it under the deep waters and it rises the purer for its washing ; thrust it in the fire and it comes out the brighter for its burning; crush it in one country, it will spring up in another. It has often been driven into the wilderness, or into the dens and caves of the earth, by those who ought to have been its friends. But its existence has not been dis turbed, and plainly has history proved that, so long as it has the presence of Christ and His Spirit, it cannot die. In the beautiful Communion Service of our beloved Episcopal Church — this one true church — is well de scribed as "the myMical body of Christ, which is the blessed company of all faithful people." This is the church which our text calls uihe Pillar and Ground of ihe Truth" which has never apostatized and which never can apostatize, for Christ Himself says of it, that even " the gates of hell shall not prevail agajnst it."f Made up only of those who are holy, it is called in God's *Ityle, Tract on the Church, p. 4. -fSt. Matt, xvi r 18. 9 word by such distinguished titles as these : " ihe body of Christ" "the fold" "the family," "the household of God." "The church tohich Christ loved and gave himself for ; that He might sanctify and cleanse it with tlie wash ing of water by tlie word ; ihat He might make it unto himself a glorious church, not having spot, or wrinkle, or any such thing."* This is the church mystic, or spiritual, or invisible, and which cannot be seen or bounded by man ; it is in one word, what we profess to believe in, when we speak of "The Holy Catholic Church, the Communion of Saints." In looking at the standards of our own Zion, we shall readily see, how she believes in this invisible or spiritual church. In one of our beautiful and appropriate Collects, God is addressed as "having knit together his elect in one communion and fellowship, in the mystical body of his Son, Christ our Lord."f There is no possible mistaking here, who compose this church, for our Prayer Book explicitly and scripturally declares "All Saints'," not Episcopal Saints only, but the Saints of God of all ages and under all dispensations. In the prayer at the close of our Communion Service, we pray that we may be made "very members incorpo- *Eph. v: 26, 27. tColleet for "AH Saints' day." B 10 rate in the mystical body of His Son, which is the bles sed company of all faithful people ;" and we, also, fur ther pray that we may have "grace to continue in that holy fellowship." The same definition of the church, you will find run ning all through the Creed, the Litany, and the Te Deum. Thus, in the Te Deum, we hear of "the goodly fel lowship of the Prophets," "the glorious company of the Apostles," "the noble army of martyrs;" ahd finally, (as inclusive of the whole blessed fellowship of the Saints,) "the Holy Church throughout all the world," in all its revolving ages. " When thou hadst overcome the sharp ness of death, thou didst open the Kingdom of Heaven to all believers." "We, therefore, pray thee, help thy servants, whom thou hast redeemed with thy precious blood, make them to be numbered" (whatever be their ecclesiastical names) " with thy Saints, in glory everlast ing." How could language, my brethren, be more fitting, or more Christ loving, to put into the mouths of Chris tians desirous to belong to that family of Saints, which ever have been and ever will be joined to Christ the Head ? How sweetly fragrant with Bible truth ! How full of Christ-like Catholicism ! Who does not delight to see our beloved Zion in such an attitude? Thus lowly and humble — thus thrilled with her divine theme 11 — thus covering herself, not with the "Apostolic robes of her most venerable Episcopacy," but with that one and ampler robe of salvation through the Crucified, which is thrown over the whole of His "one mystical body," which adorns "the Bride," "the Lamb's Wife," which clothes the sacred family, living with himself in holy union and concord, from the first saint that believed, to the last believer that shall be saved. That the standard writers and Reformers of our communion, had this same view of the church, might easily be shown, did time permit. I will, however, quote from two or three of the most prominent of the Fathers of our Mother Church — the Church of England. Archbishop Cranmer, whose blood watered the church of the English Reformation, speaking of the phrase "Catholic Church," as found in the "Apostles' Creed," says : " this word church signifies a company of men lightened with the Spirit of Christ, which believe the Gospel "and are saved," "It is the Communion of the Saints, that is to say, all that be holy, of this one body under Christ their Head." "This church. is so unknown to the world, that no man can describe it but God alone, who, searcheth the hearts of all men and knoweth his own children from others."* Bishop Ridley, of London, Cranmer's brother martyr, * Catechism of 1548 — Cranmer's Works — Parker Society. 12 also says in words of kindred sentiment : " The name church, which is His body, of whom Christ is the Head, standeth only of living stones and true Christians."* Richard Hooker, a name revered by all Episeopa*- Hans, and to whom the title of "judicious" has been most worthily given by theologians of every shade, says : "The Church of Christ, we properly term his body mystical, can be but one, neither can that one be sen sibly discerned by any man, inasmuch as the parts thereof, are some in heaven already with Christ, and the rest that are on earth, albeit their natural persons be visible, we do not discern under this property, whereby they are truly and infallibly of that body."f The learned, and justly celebrated Dr. Barrow, whose works are of such undoubted authority, writing concern ing the unity of the church, says : " The whole body of God's people, that is, ever hath been, or ever shall be, from the begining of the world to the consummation thereof, who having (forinally or vir tually) believed in Christ, and sincerely obeyed God's laws, shall finally, by the meritorious performances and sufferings of Christ be saved, is called the church."| Now, beloved, from all this, we think you cannot fail to understand, according to the teachings of our own * Works of Bishop Eidley — Parker Society. ¦j** Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity. Book iii. J Barrow's Works: Oxford Ed. 1818. Vol. vi. p. 497. 13 communion, what is meant by the true church — the Church Catholic — the Church in its highest, chiefest, broadest, truest sense. This is the church to which, as we said at the outset, a man must belong, if he would be saved; till therefore, you enter this through the one door of conversion by the Spirit of God, you are nothing bet ter than a lost soul ; you may have our beautiful Apos tolic form ; you may, as a baptized churchman, enjoy the highest outward privileges and have much know ledge, but until you belong to this true body of Christ, you have got only the shell of religion and your soul is not saved. Beware then, Christian brethern, how you counte nance anything that looks like substituting the visible and temporal, for the invisible and eternal; reform and church membership for repentance and union to Christ's body; man's wisdom for God's wisdom, or any human erection, however attractive, for that temple of God, which is built of living stones, elect and precious, and that will, ere long, shine in all the glory of a perfect holiness and of that bright presence of which, the ancient Shekinah was but the earnest and the type. Trust no visible church as a means of grace, or of last ing benefit to mankind, over whose portals is not writ- ten " Ye must be born again." Trust no theological system, or church teaching, that professes to save the lost, or raise up groaning humanity, which does not rest 14 upon the principle, that a supernatural, special, divine, Holy Ghost working upon each heart of man is requi site, in order to the salvation of the individual, or to save the world from a worse ruin than overtook the cities of the plain. Beware of the great adversary. Beware of the igno rance which he would feign have you possess on these all important points, for I verily believe, that many a generous but unfortunate one thinks his belonging to this or to that branch of the visible church, is therefore and necessarily a belonging to this true church. Beware, lest you be deceived here ; lest Satan tempt you to neglect these distinctions between words which, though they seem small, are eternally important. Beware, lest plausible errors supplant plain and severe truths, and the steaming mists of the pit obscure, if not hide, the rays of the Sun of Righteousness. Hold fast without wavering, the simple Gospel truth as it is in Christ Crucified, and give all diligence to make your calling and election sure. We now come to our second head : The Church visible. What then is this and whom does it comprehend ? It is the church which the Scriptures mention as in cluding the whole multitude of those, who, by partici- 15 pation in the ordinances of the Gospel, profess the faith of Christ, and hence are called Christians. But the question might be asked : Do you mean that there are really two churches ? We answer no. The two, though apparently and in a certain sense distinct, are one ; they co-exist and run into each other. The visible church is the church as seen of men; in the mixed mass of the true and false; the genuine and counterfeit people of God. The invisible church is the same church, as seen only of God, in the un mixed company of all his faithful people. The one is that great flock, gathered together by the preaching of the Gospel, from all parts of the earth, and baptized unto the professed following of the Good Shepherd, in which the sheep of his pasture are mingled with the goats that know him not, and are none of his ; all, however, visibly, that is professedly his flock. The other is sim ply so much of the unmixed multitude, as do truly hear the voice of the Shepherd and follow Him, together with those who have been already saved, and unto whom He hath given eternal life.* *See a little treatise on this subject, by Bishop Mcllvainc, entitled "Holy Catholic Church," a volume of great merit, and which might bo read with profit by every Episcopalian. See also the more elaborate, but unanswerable, work of Litton on the " Church of Christ." 16 St. Paul when he used such expressions as these: "ihe Church in Judea" "tlie Church of ihe Tliessalo- nians" "ihe Church of Galatia" "the Church at Corinth" &c, plainly spoke of the visible church, and meant the bodies of baptized Christians in those countries. In our day, this visible church has many branches, such as the Church of England, the Church of Scotland, the Greek Church, the Lutheran Church, the Syrian Church, the Church of Rome ; some more or less pure ; some corrupt and cursed with sin and deadly error. As we read "Holy Scripture and ancient Authors," our branch of this visible church, called in this country Protestant Episcopal, is, in its polity, form of govern ment, and mode of worship, nearest perfection, that is, Scriptural and Apostolic. But for our branch of the visible church, notwithstanding we consider it so prim itive, so beautiful, and so Scriptural, or for any other branch, like the corrupt Church of Rome, the Greek Church, the Presbyterian Church of Scotland, or the Genevan Church, to arrogate to itself the exclusive title " We are ihe Church" it has no right. As well might some mountain stream, pouring its limpid waters into the ocean, say, "We are the ocean;" or some star glitter ing in the firmament say, " We are the Hght of heaven." No, brethern, let us bless God that the Articles, Homi-r lies, and Standards of our beloved Zion, put forth no 17 such unchurching claims, whatever may be the assump tions of some of her children. In connection with this, we wish you to notice the language of the Ordinal, or Preface to the Ordinal, which indicates the spirit of our whole system. "It is evident," says this document, "unto all men diligently reading Holy Scripture and ancient Authors that, from the Apostles time, there have been these orders of ministers in Christ's church, bishops, priests and deacons. And therefore no man shall be accounted a lawful bishop or deacon in this church, except * * * he hath Episcopal consecration or ordination." This language is note-worthy ; men who held to the dogma that all sacraments and orders are invalid, which are not Episcopal, would never have used such a very measured style of expression as this. They would not have spoken for their own communion merely, but for Christendom. They would have said -with openness and plainness, that not only have there been three orders in the ministry from the beginning, but that such a ministry is the only true one — the only one that can do God's work anywhere. They would have warned the people against supposing, that the use of water in the name of the Trinity, or of bread and wine, as em blems of Christ's body and blood, no matter how sound the doctrine preached, or how holy the life of the preacher, could by any possibiHty be in non-Episcopal 18 hands, Christian baptism, or the Christian cucharist. But so far from drawing or inculcating any such infe rences as these, they put the fact, from which all infe rences here must be drawn, in a simple and unexagge- rated way. They do not assert a divine precept for any particular form of the ministry; they only assert a practice, and even this they do not declare can be gathered with certainty at a glance from the records of the past, whether inspired or uninspired. They say, " It is evident to all men diligently reading Holy Scrip ture and ancient Authors, &c." How utterly unlike this, much of the crude teaching of some among us, who ought to know better ! Let individual members of our Zion, then, be as exclusive as they choose, thank God, our church is not exclusive. She extends the right hand of fellowship to all Protestant churches, (even though imperfect in their outward regimen,) provided they hold to Christ the Head, and in them, the word of God is preached, and the sacraments be duly ministered.* Again, observe the language of Article XIX : It clearly defines " The visible church of Christ" to be " a congregation of faithful men, in which the pure word of God is preached, and the sacraments be duly adminis tered according to Christ's ordinance." * Eor a distinct exposition of what has always been the teach ing of our church, upon the Validity of Orders, see the learned and able work of Goode, on " the Validity of Orders of the Scotch and Foreign non-Episcopal churches." 1!) You will liere notice that the article like the ordinal, does not say that the visible church, is only that having Episcopal ministry, and where the sacraments are Epis- copally administered. No ; such is not at all the language of our church. She simply states what is necessary to the being of a pure branch of the visible church, and most justly unchurches no one, who bears the Christian name, who wears the Saviour's image, and who faithfully observes the outward ordinances. Oh ! that this wise moderation of our church fathers, and the liberal, loving spirit which characterized our Zion in her earlier clays, could but now so rest upon all those who rejoice to be called her children. The same spirit runs throughout our whole Prayer Book service. In our Communion service, there is the beautiful prayer, entitled "¦ For the whole state of Christ's church militant." She there prays "for all who do confess his holy name, that they may agree in the truth of his holy word, and live in unity and Godly love." In our Institution service, we pray " That by the ope ration of the Holy Ghost, all Christians may be so joined together in the unity of spirit and in the bond of peace, that they may be a holy temple acceptable unto God." Again, in that most appropriate prayer, in our Morning service, known as the " Prayer for all conditions of men," we pray "for the holy church universal, that all 20 who profess and call themselves Christians, may by the guidance and governance of God's good spirit, be led into the way of truth, and hold the faith in unity of spirit in the bond of peace and in righteousness of life." It is weil to mark here that the universality of the visible church turns upon the profession of Christ, through the ordinances of Baptism and the Lord's Supper. But I have quoted enough to show you very plainly, what is the doctrine and teaching of our com munion, concerning the visible church, suffice it to say, that this same definition is invariably given by all the Reformers of the Church of England, without a solitary exception, and never was the contrary doctrine of ex- clusiveness, i. e. the unchurching theory held, till put forth by Archbishop Laud of unpleasant memory. Whilst then our branch of the Church of Christ con siders all non-Episcopal bodies, that have the pure- preached Word and the Sacraments duly ministered, as churches, whilst she fraternizes, and gladly co-operates with them in works of Christian love, she does not how ever, consider them, as having all the outward and Scriptural perfection that she herself has. In their re jection of the three orders — of primitive usage and Epis copal polity, she considers them imperfect and defective, and lacking those means of grace, which, while not essen tial, are very important to the full efficiency and pros perity of the visible church. At the time of the Refor- 21 mation, when the Reformers in our mother Church of England, sympathized with the Reformers of the Conti nental Churches, in their effort to purify the church, and to bring to light the long-hidden gospel — while they sympathized to such an extent, as to interchange pul pits one with the other, they nevertheless differed in their mode of carrying on the reform.* The Continental Reformers, were radical; the Church of England Reformers, were conservative ; though not narrow. Protestant to the core, and resolved to cut off all that was corrupt, they were equally determined to retain whatever was good. Seeing that there had never been a time since the Apostles, when the visible church had been without Bishops, they saw no occasion to abolish the Episcopal office and order. Seeing too, that the Christian church, had never been without a Liturgy, they deemed it a duty to adhere to universal usage in this respect also. Banishing everything like superstition and Popish corruption, they for the same reason retained that beau tiful and ancient " form of sound words," which is con tained in our Prayer Book, which had been embalmed by the tears of saints, and watered by the blood of holy martyrs. Since the Reformation, the history of the Protestant Episcopal Church, is too well known to require any * See Zurich Letters. Letter C. 22 further remark. Who can blame us for being heartily, not bigotedly attached to such a church? A church, which, as we firmly believe, is conformed to the Apos tolic model, whose confessions and creeds, and offices, which though not infallible, are efficient barriers, against error; "whose care for the young manifested in its sys tem of catechetical instruction, and in its adherence to the primitive order of Confirmation, invites the parents of our land to enter within its fold, for the sake of the blessings which will flow to their offspring ; whose arti cles, studiously avoiding metaphysical subtleties, are a clear and full embodiment of the Gospel of redemption ; whose Liturgy is radiant with Christ, in all the precious offices for the salvation of the world ; whose formularies not only teach the essential principles of the oracles of God, but literally preserves them from mutilation through revolving years ;" whose services were framed by the very men, who in brotherly union with the con tinental champions of the Bible, stood forth even amidst persecution and fire, in a common phalanx of resistance against Popish error, and in defence of Protestant truth. To such a church we cannot help >being affec tionately attached. To her, even when falsified by traitors, we will cling: — " For her our tears shall fall, For her our prayers ascend, To her, our toils and cares be given 'Till toils and cares shall end." Before concluding, let me give you the testimony of some leading Evangelical Protestants, not of our house hold of faith. **" The Christian religion,1' said Matthew Henry, the great non-conformist commentator, " was on a brink of ruin, and had it not been for the Protestant Church of England, would have been sacrificed to the malice of Popish enemies." Dr. Chalmers, the eminent Presbyterian, and D'Aubigne, the great historian of the Reformation, both speak of the Episcopal Church, when evangelically put forth, as the great **" Church of Protest ant truth, and the great advocate of the glorious GosPeL" ^h%cm r h **^ J *~ The celebrated ttmptMt writer, Richard Baxter, says of the doctrines of our church, they " are strictly evangelical, and embrace the very substance of the Gospel." Wesley, the distinguished Methodist, speaking of our Prayer Book, when not forced into daily services, or made to drive out family prayer, and closet, and extem pore devotions, says : " For a Sabbath Liturgical service, I know nothing in ancient or modern language like it." But enough, brethren. What then does such a church need ? Nothing, but a firm, steady resolve, on the part of all its members to keep out everything that looks like error or exclusiveness, whether coming to us from Rome or Oxford, or from German Universities. Nothing, but that enlarged spirit on the part of us who 21 profess to teach her doctrines of which she herself has set us the example ; which instead of casting out — unchurch ing, addresses with a salutation of grace, mercy and peace, that mighty number, who marked by whatever name, and dwelling beneath whatever sky, " love our Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity." Nothing but simple Gospel preaching and Gospel living, and then our Zion will become "terrible as an army with banners-" "ihe joy of ihe whole earth." Her members filled with their Mas ter's spirit, would be members of that true church, made up of every ecclesiastical name, triumphant, invisible, one and eternal in ihe heavens. And now to conclude. All that we have said, teaches very plainly that you may belong to this branch of the church visible, enjoy its precious privileges, and after all not belong to Christ's mystical body, his true church. It comes to this one great question, am I in that true church, outside of which there is no salvation ? Have I come to Christ, and laid hold of him, and been born again ? Whatever branch of the visible church I may belong to, am / in Christ Jesus, and shall I be found in Him, when the separation of the great day shall be made between the true flock of Christ, and all that only name his name ? Oh ! to be in the ark of Christ, when the flood cometh ! Oh ! to have beside the handwriting of ordinances upon us, when God's inquisition shall be made, 25 the handwriting of the Spirit of God upon our souls, witnessing that we are his people ; that seal whereby the Holy Ghost seals " unto ihe day of redemption." St. Paul understood this, and counted "all things but loss" all externals as worthless, compared with being "found in Christ" and having on "the righteousness of God by faith." Let us beloved feel his spirit. Let us press on in his race ! Let us with him bow our knees " unto the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, of whom the whole family in heaven and earth is named, ihat he would grant us to be strengthened with might by his Spirit, in the inner man, that Christ may dwell in our hearts by faith, that we being rooted and grounded in love, may be able to com prehend with all saints, what is ihe length and breadth, and depth and height, and to know the love of Christ, which passeth knowledge, ihat we may be filled ivilh all the fulness of God." "Now unto Him, that is able to do exceeding abundantly above all that we ask, or think according to the power ihat worlceth in us, unto Him be glory in ihe church by Christ Jesus, throughout all ages, world without end." Amen ! 9304