Yale Center for British Art Gift of JULES DAVID PROWN COTIAGES FARMHOUSES AND OTHEH MNOR. BUILDINGS IN ENGLAND o-f i:he 16th 17th and 18th CENTURES LOUIS CONRAD ROSENBERG 1 5* 2 3 THE ARCHITECTURAL BOOK PUBLISHING COMPANY PAUL WENZEL 8l MAURICE KRAKOW 31 EAST 12TH ST NEW YORK Copyright, 1923 BY PAUL WENZEL and MAURICE KRAKOW Cue) Printed in the United States of America PREFACE IN presenting the material in this volume it is not in any way intended to cover completely the subject of the cottages and farmhouses in England. The material is presented merely as a collection of the more typical examples found principally through the Cotswold district and neighbouring country and the counties southeast of London. There are also a few scattered examples from Wiltshire and Suffolk. Nor is it the intention to go into the history of these buildings. The photographs, sketches and measured drawings are supplemented with brief descriptions of the materials and colors with the hope that some architects and others might find them helpful and interesting. I wish to thank Mr. Ian MacAllister, secretary of the Royal Institute of British Architects, for the generous use of the Institute's library while planning the trip on which this material was gathered ; to Mr. Robert M. Blackall and Mr. Edward L. Frick for the use of several of their photographs and all those whose kind permission made it possible for me to take photographs and measurements. LOUIS CONRAD ROSENBERG. New York City, July, 1923. FOREWORD THROUGHOUT the Cotswold Hills is found perhaps the most interesting type of the smaller domestic architecture in England. Geologically these hills form a portion of the great belt of limestone which extends across England from the Dorsetshire coast to Scarborough. All the buildings are of the local limestone; which was practically the only material available. Construction of the simplest forms were practised, based on traditions handed down, generation after generation, gradually evolving into a distinct type or style. The builders were local craftsmen who used the materials at hand in the simplest ways. There were apparently no fixed rules as to composition, the windows and doors being placed where best suited to the interior arrangement. Roofs of the simplest construction were used. While there is a similarity in the general details there is a great variety of design shown in the smaller details such as doorways, window mouldings, finials, chimney tops, wrought iron casement and door fasteners, etc. Many interesting wall textures are found in the various localities. The so-called Cotswold type dates from 1570 to 1700. Through Surrey, Sussex and Kent we find another very interesting section rich in examples of smaller domestic architecture. Very different in style from the Cotswold but evolved in exactly the same manner; that is through the use of local materials. At an early date, through the 15th and 16th centuries when this part of England was covered with forests, practically all the buildings were of heavy oak framing. The vertical members were spaced quite close together and the areas between were filled with plaster although in some cases the entire building was of oak as the Lyche Gate at Penshurst (pages 59 and 92). Later as the forests were depleted and oak as a building material became scarce the spacing of the members of the framing became farther apart and poorer parts were used. This meant larger areas of plaster as shown on the houses at Rolvenden Lane (page 52). At a much later date tile came into use and a very interesting style developed through the use of this material. The color is a soft variegated red and when used in large fields as on the large unbroken roofs and combined with the white painted woodwork of the doors and windows, gives a very pleasing effect. Many of the old oak buildings were at a later date covered with tile which was used both for walls and roof. There are many other sections of England where one can find excellent examples of cottages and farmhouses, each a distinct style in itself due to the use of local materials by local craftsmen. A few examples are selected from Wiltshire, near Salisbury and from Suffolk, near Clare. Certain details are characteristic throughout these various types. Always the large unbroken roof. In some sections, as in the Cotswolds, the gable is used almost entirely, while in Surrey, Sussex and Kent the hip roof is most common. The chimneys which play such an important part in the composition are generally large and display an endless variety of designs whether of brick or stone. Windows are most always of a series of units, and average about the same size in the various types. Where more light was required more units were used. Lead lattice glazing was general in the earlier work but wood was used a great deal in the later work in Sussex, Kent, etc. Through the many generations that these smaller houses have been in use no doubt many alterations have been made but in most cases the work has been carried through with local materials. FRONTISPIECE A row of thatched cottages in the quaint little village of Bodenham, near Salisbury in Wiltshire. PLATE I Two views of a cottage at Broadway in Worcestershire. The walls are of a warm gray limestone, the surface of which is a rather coarse rock face texture; quoins, window frames, copings, etc., have a smooth, chisel cut surface. (Measured drawings on plates Ixxxiv, Ixxxv and Ixxxvi.) PLATE II 1. A cottage at Weston Sub Edge in Gloucestershire. An unusually well balanced design. The label moulding over the door bears the date 1618. It is entirely of lime stone, the walls are of carefully squared blocks laid in regular coursed ashlar. The surface is smooth, chisel cut. The windows are glazed with lead lattice, with casements of wrought iron. See also page 9. 2. Small cottage in High Street at Broadway, Worcestershire, which has recently been restored. The Gothic doorway is unusual in these smaller domestic buildings. The wall treatment is similar to the cottage on page 1, which is directly across the street. PLATE III 1. A house known as the Court Farm in Broadway, Worcestershire. 2. A street in Stanton, Gloucestershire. The cottage on the near left shows the use of a hipped dormer which is quite unusual in the stone houses of this section. PLATE IV 1. Saintbury in Gloucestershire. A cottage at the cross roads. 2. A small farm group at Willersy in Gloucestershire. PLATE V 1. Small houses at Stanway, Gloucestershire. Here, as at Stanton, the houses are all built of the local limestone which is a warm buff in color. 2. The rectory at Aston Sub Edge, Gloucestershire. An interesting detail is the small gable and chimney. PLATE VI Broadway, an interesting house facing upon the village green. The frieze over the second story windows is unusual as are the tall gables. PLATE VII 1. The ruins of a small pavilion at CampdenHousein Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire. 2. A small farmhouse near Fillongley in Warwickshire. It is built of a reddish stone The tile roof belongs to a later date. PLATE VIII 1. The Wool Staplers Hall at Chipping Campden in Gloucestershire. Fourteenth century. 2. Entrance to a small manor house at Upper Swell in Gloucestershire. This is perhaps out of the cottage type but was thought of too much interest not to include. PLATE IX 1. A cottage at Weston Sub Edge in Gloucestershire. 2. Detail of the doorway. For description see plate ii. Detail drawings on plates Ixxxvii, Ixxxviii and Ixxxix. PLATE X 1. Cottage near Chipping Campden in Gloucestershire. The stone roof has been covered with a heavy straw thatch giving a somewhat different character to this Cotswold type. 2. House at cross-roads in Saintsbay, Gloucestershire. PLATE XI 1. An interesting barn at Tadmartin in Gloucestershire. The walls are of limestone laid dry. Quoins and frame of window have rough chisel cut surface. The roof is thatch. 2. Tythe barn at Stanway in Gloucestershire. PLATE XII An old house in Aston Sub Edge, Gloucestershire, now the village school. As are all other buildings in this section this is built entirely of local limestone. The roof is of thin slabs of Jimestone. PLATE XIII 1. Sun dial, dated 1690, on a house in Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire. This plate shows clearly the surface obtained when the stone has been chisel cut and left unsmoothed. This is the surface of stone on such cottages as at Weston Sub Edge (plate ii) and houses at Chipping Campden (plate xv). 2. Hood over a doorway at Chipping Campden in Gloucestershire. PLATE XIV 1. Farmhouse at Paxford in Gloucestershire. The small gables are similar to those on the house facing the village green in Broadway. 2. The Greville House in Chipping Campden in Gloucestershire, which dates from the 14th century. PLATE XV 1. Houses in High Street, Chipping Campden. 2. The Market at Chipping Campden. PLATE XVI A cottage facing the village green at Broadway. The introduction of timber and plaster in one gable is interesting. PLATE XVII 1. A small house at Weston Sub Edge, Gloucestershire. 2. Village cross and a cottage at Aston Sub Edge, Gloucestershire. PLATE XVIII 1. A farmhouse at Stanton, Gloucestershire. The large window in the gable is unusual and interesting. A small panel over the first story window in the far gable bears the date 1615. A detailed view of the gable window, from an old photograph before the restoration of the doorway to its original location. It is a very clear illustration of the wall texture and roof. PLATE XIX 1. Details of the main doorway to the farmhouse at Stanton, Gloucestershire. The date in the panel over the door is 1618. 2. The village cross and cottages at Stanton, Gloucestershire. PLATE XX 1. The Warren House at Stanton, Gloucestershire, dated 1577. The walls are of roughly cut blocks of local limestone. Windows, copings, etc., are of dressed stone. The roof is of stone slabs. PLATE XXI Small cottage at Broad Campden in Gloucestershire. PLATE XXII 1. Sulgrave Manor in Northamptonshire, the ancestral home of George Washington, dating from about 1550. Most interesting is the way oak windows are set in the rough masonry walls which have been stuccoed and then dashed with small pebbles. The color is a variegated cream gray. The roof is of stone slabs and the chimney on the near gable is of brick. The place has been recently restored. 2. A chimney at Fritwell Manor in Oxfordshire, a combination of stone and brick. PLATE XXIII 1. Detail of the entrance on the garden side of Sulgrave Manor, which shows very clearly the interesting wall texture of stucco. The doorway is of dressed limestone. 2. Detail of the doorway in the kitchen wing, the crudely cut door frame is of a cream gray limestone, the wooden door is painted apple green. PLATE XXIV 1. A cottage in the village of Wroxton, Gloucestershire. 2. Row of small cottages at Bibury, Gloucestershire. PLATE XX\' Two other buildings out of the cottage type but they arc good illustrations of the details and wall texture in this section. 1. Fritwell Manor in Oxfordshire. 2. Detail of doorway on the garden elevation of a manor at Shutford, Oxfordshire. PLATE XXVI An unusually fine small cottage at Iffley in Oxfordshire. The walls are light buff colored stone and stucco and the roof is heavy thatch. The chimney is red brick. All wood trim such as doors, and window sash is painted emerald green. PLATE XXVII 1. Chimneys and kitchen wing at Water Eaton Manor in Oxfordshire. 2. Garden front of a small manor house at Shutford, Oxfordshire. PLATE XXVIII Two views of a cottage at Ducklington, Oxfordshire. The walls are stone and the roof is thatch. PLATE XXIX 1 A cottage at Tadmartin, Oxfordshire, the walls are stone and the roof is thatch. 2. Cottage at Broad Campden, Gloucestershire. PLATE XXX A timber and plaster cottage at Iffley, Oxfordshire. The end walls are stone and brick. PLATE XXXI 1. Butter Cross at Witney, Oxfordshire. The columns are of a buff colored limestone, the roof is of stone slabs, graduated. 2. Chimney and gable end of a house at Charlton Abbots, Gloucestershire. PLATE XXXII 1. Dove cote at Chastleton House in Oxfordshire. Walls and roof are limestone. 2. Dove cote at Whitehall, near Shrewsbury, Shropshire. Walls are of red brick, the cornice is moulded brick with a plaster frieze, the roof is red tile and the cupola is wood and lead. The door frame is limestone. PLATE XXXIII 1. Timber and plaster cottage at Fordwick in Warwickshire. 2. House at Aston Sub Edge, Gloucestershire. The introduction of plaster and timber in this Cotswold house is very pleasing. PLATE XXXIV 1. Little Wolford Manor in Warwickshire, late 15th century. The walls are entirely of a light buff limestone. The roof is of stone slabs. 2. Small cottage at Weston Sub Edge in Gloucestershire. PLATE XXXV Group of small cottages at Middle Tysoe in Warwickshire. The walls are stone and the roof is thatch. PLATE XXXVI 1. Cottages at Welford-on-Avon in Warwickshire. 2. Row of cottages near Chester in Cheshire. PLATE XXXVII 1. Thatched cottages at Quinton, Warwickshire. 2. Row of thatched cottages at Welford-on-Avon in Warwickshire. PLATE XXXVIII Cottage on the Worcester-Stratford Road in Warwickshire. PLATE XXXIX 1. Cottage at Middle Tysoe, Warwickshire. It has limestone walls and a thatch roof. The small bay window is attractive with its lead-lattice glazing and wrought iron case ments. 2. An interesting bay on an 18th century house in Warwick, Warwickshire. The corbel is gray stone, and the window frame wood with lead lattice glazing. The roof is covered with lead. PLATE XXXX 1. A house in Clare, Suffolk. The plaster walls are painted white while the oak timbers and wood trim are painted black. The roof is of small red tiles, the massive red brick chimneys are interesting and typical of this section. The windows have lead lattice glazing. 2. Farmhouse at Hawkenden in Suffolk. The walls are very rough plaster. The roof is red tile. The exposed timbers are oak weathered to a dark gray. The window sash are wood. PLATE XXXXI 1. Cottages at Milford in Suffolk. 2. Village green at Cavendish, Suffolk. The cottages all have white plaster walls and thatch roofs. PLATE XXXXI I 1. A cottage in High Street Cavendish, Suffolk. The smooth plaster walls are white washed, the roof is straw thatch, while the roofs of the dormers and projecting wing are red tile, the chimney is red brick. 2. Gable on a small house at Bury St. Edmonds, Suffolk. See measured drawing on page 90. PLATE XXXXI 1 1 1. A small house at Quidhampton, Wiltshire. An interesting wall texture of a chalky white stone and red brick, the roof is of variegated red tile. 2. Small cottage at Homington, Wiltshire. The walls are white stone and red brick. PLATE XXXXIV St. Anne's Gate leading into the North Walk from Exter Street in Salisbury, Wiltshire. PLATE XXXXV 1. An interesting wall texture on a barn at Homington, Wiltshire. Composed of light gray limestone and brick ranging in color from salmon to dark red. The roof is red tile. 2. Detail of a small almshouse at Boscombe, Wiltshire. The walls are grayish red brick and the roof red tile, the window frames and sash are wood. Dated 1708. PLATE XXXXVI 1. Cottage near Bathampton in Wiltshire. The walls are a combination of gray lime stone and red brick. 2. A cottage at Quidhampton in Wiltshire. PLATE XXXXVI I A five family house at West Amesbury, Wiltshire. The walls are red brick and rough white plaster. The roof is thatched with straw. PLATE XXXXVI 1 1 1. A two family cottage at Winterbourne Dantsey in Wiltshire, the smooth plaster walls are whitewashed. The roof is thatched. The chimney is red brick. 2. Timber and plaster house at Tinbridge in Kent. Detail drawing on plate c. PLATE XXXXIX Wind mill farm, Rolvenden, Kent. An unusually well balanced composition. The lower story is red brick with rather pronounced white mortar joints. The second story is oak timber painted black,, with white plaster. The roof and the near end are red tile. PLATE L 1. Timber and plaster cottage near Horsemonden, Kent. The timbers and door are painted black and the plaster walls white. The roofs and gable end are covered with salmon colored tiles. The chimneys are red brick. 2. A farm house at Somerton, Suffolk. The timber frame is painted white and the plaster walls light gray, the tile is salmon colored and the brick chimney is about the same color. The window frames and sash are wood. PLATE LI 1. A cottage at Horsemonden, Kent. The lower story and chimney are of red brick, the second story is built of weatherboards, painted white. The roof, gable and the side walls of the addition are red tile. 2. A small cottage at Hurst Green in Sussex. Walls are of weatherboards and the roof of red tile. The chimney is a grayish red brick. PLATE LII A cottage at Rolvenden Lane, Kent. The lower story is of red brick and the second story is of oak timber and plaster. The timbers are black and the plaster is whitewashed. The roof and end walls are red tile. PLATE LI 1 1 1. Small cottage at Small Hythe, Kent. Black painted timbers and white plaster walls typical of the earlier work of this section. Red tile roof. 2. Small houses at Sissinghurst, Kent. The walls are white weatherboards except the lower story of the second house which is light red brick with narrow white mortar joints. The roofs are salmon colored tile. The sides of the dormers are stucco. The window sash is wood. PLATE LIV 1. Detail of a small cottage at Headcorn, Kent. Lower story is gray red brick. The second story and roof are covered with red tile. All window trim and the doors are painted white. Under the second story windows is lead flashing. 2. A small house in Farnham, Surrey. Red brick walls and tile roof. The wood window frames and sash are white; the doors are gray green. The hoods are covered with lead. PLATE LV The Lych Gate at Penshurst, Kent. The cottages at either side are oak timber and plaster. The wall over the arch and the roofs are light red tile. The windows have white wooden frames and lead lattice glazing. PLATE LVI 1. Farm buildings near Ashford, Kent. The walls are red brick and roofs of tile. 2. Farm house near Scale in Surrey. Oak timber frame and red brick walls and a red tile roof. PLATE LVI I 1 . Gate' house to the church yard at Great Chart in Kent. 2. Cottage near Godmersham, Kent. The walls are red brick on the lower story and timber frame filled with brick above. The roof is red, tile. PLATE LVI 1 1 High Street in Biddenden, Kent. The old houses have timber frames filled with red brick and red tile roofs. The windows have lead lattice glazing. PLATE LIX 1. Lyche Gate at Penshurst, Kent. See measured drawing on page 92. 2. Row of interesting houses at Chiddingstone, Kent. Weathered oak framing, gray plaster walls and red tile roofs. PLATE LX 1. A small house at Farnham, Surrey, with an unusually large and interesting chimney. The lower part of the walls are gray red brick and the upper story and roof are tile; 2. A cottage near Kennington in Kent. The walls are brick, whitewashed, while the chimney is the natural red brick. The roof is red tile. PLATE LXI A cottage at Barming, Kent. The walls are a mixture of stone, brick, plaster and timber. The roof is red tile. PLATE LXI I 1. Detail of a house in Witley, Surrey. The lower story is red brick which appears to have been whitewashed at one time. The second story is covered with red tile as is the roof. The windows are lead glazed and have lead flashing below the sills. All woodwork is painted a very light emerald green. 2. A small cottage near Guilford, Surrey. The lower story is of light red brick, the second is covered with red tiles and the joints are filled with white mortar. The wood windows and sash are painted white. PLATE LXI 1 1 1. Farm house at Crowshurst, Kent. The walls and roof are red tile. The windows have lead glazing. The wood window frames are painted white. 2. A row of cottages at Bletchingley, Surrey. PLATE LXIV A cottage at Small Hythe, Kent. An unusually fine example of the early type of timber cottage. The oak timbers are painted black and the plaster is painted white. The roof is red tile. The windows are lead lattice glazing. PLATE LXV 1. A cottage at Head Corn in Kent. See detail on page 54. 2. A small cottage at Hadlow, Kent. The rough plaster walls are whitewashed, the roof is of thatch except the low portion at the near corner which is covered with tile. PLATE LXVI Cottage at Rolvenden Lane, Kent. The timber frame is painted black and the plaster is white. The original tile roof has been covered with thatch. The chimneys are red brick. PLATE LXVI I 1. Farm house at Pembury, Kent. An interesting group of buildings as seen from the high road. The walls and roofs are of red tile. The window frames and doors are painted white. 2. Cottages near Frant, Sussex. Both walls and roof are covered with red tile. PLATE LXVI 1 1 A small cottage near Hambledon, Surrey. The walls are plaster, whitewashed, and the roof is red tile. PLATE LXIX 1. An interesting double cottage at Puttenham, Surrey. The walls are gray red brick with white mortar joints and the roof is red tile. 2. Cottage at Littleton, Surrey. PLATE LXX A cottage at Littleton, Surrey. The quoins and frames around the doors and windows are red brick, the walls are of rough stucco. The roof is grayish red tile. PLATE LXXI 1. Detail of a cottage near Scale, Surrey. The introduction of small pieces of gray stone into the light red brick walls forms an interesting pattern. The windows have wrought iron casements and lead lattice glazing. The roof is red tile and the small dormer is plastered.2. Farm house near Scale, Surrey. See photograph on page 56. PLATE LXXII Detail of an oak bay on a house in Farnham, Surrey. The lead lattice sash are set in the oak frame. PLATE LXXI 1 1 1. A cottage near the church at Crowhurst, Surrey. The side walls are white stucco. The end walls and roof are covered with salmon colored tile. 2. The White Hart Inn at Witley, Surrey. PLATE LXXIV Crown Inn at Chiddingfold, Surrey. Walls and roof are covered with a light red tile. The wood work is painted white. The rear wing is timber frame and plaster. PLATE LXXV Two very interesting farmhouses at Hascombe, Surrey. The walls are gray red brick, interspersed here and there with small pieces of gray stone. Variegated red tile is used on the roof. Detail on page 77. PLATE LXXVI House at Bromley, Surrey. PLATE LXXVII 1. Detail of a farm house at Hascombe, Surrey, See page 75. 2. Chimney detail of a small cottage at Hambledon, Surrey. 3. A row of cottages at Witley, Surrey. 4. Detail of a small stone gable on the old rectory at Broadway, Gloucestershire. PLATE LXXVI II House on the village green in Billingshurst, Surrey. First story is of light red brick with black headers and pronounced white mortar joints. The second story and roof are red tile. All the wood trim is painted white. PLATE LXXIX Farm house in Stanton, Gloucestershire. This house dates from the beginning of the sixteenth century and is one of the most interesting houses of this type in the Cotswold district. The central gable is very interesting. The walls are constructed entirely of a warm gray limestone, the blocks of which are roughly squared and laid in regular courses. The window frames, copings and chimneys are of dressed stone. The windows are leaded and except the few which open are set directly into the stone frames. The roof is of thin slabs of stone. A good detail of the texture of this chisel cut stone is shown on page 14, No. 1, a detail of a house in Chipping Campden. PLATE LXXX Doorway of a farm house at Stanton, Gloucestershire. Detail of the doorway on the front, bearing the date 1618. For a period this opening was made over into a window, but has now been restored to its original design. PLATE LXXXI Gable detail of a farm house in Stanton, Gloucestershire. Large transomed windows of this type are seldom found in the smaller houses. See detail on page 19, No. 2. PLATE LXXXII Hall in the farm house at Stanton, Gloucestershire. The crudely carved strap work frieze is unusual and while the mouldings on the shelf are very coarse nevertheless the whole effect is very pleasing. A modern curb has been put into the fireplace to hold back the ashes. The limestone is a light buff in color. PLATE LXXXI 1 1 Oak Room in the farm house at Stanton, Gloucestershire. An example of good oak panelling and very uncommon in the smaller houses of this period. The carved frieze is crudely done, which adds rather to than detracts from the charm of the room. The oak is very dark brown. The window reveals are white plaster and the fireplace is of light buff limestone. PLATE LXXXIV Elevation of a cottage at Broadway, Gloucestershire. See plate description I. PLATE LXXXV Cottage at Broadway, Gloucestershire. A detail of one of the four large dormers on the orchard elevation. Detail view on page 2. PLATE LXXXVI Cottage at Broadway, Gloucestershire. Details and elevation of a small room with panelled oak wainscot. The oak rafters are now exposed but there is evidence that at one time there was a plaster ceiling. The fireplace is quite typical of the simpler early type with hewn oak lintel and stone jambs. The floor is of stone slabs. PLATE LXXXVI I Elevation of a cottage at Weston Sub Edge, Gloucestershire. See plate description II. PLATE LXXXVI 1 1 Detail of a doorway of a cottage at Weston Sub Edge in Gloucestershire. Plate descrip tion II. PLATE LXXXIX Cottage at Weston Sub Edge, Gloucestershire. Details of the windows and cornice. It is interesting to note that different villages have their own profiles of window frames. Each window is quite small but when grouped as in this cottage sufficient light is obtained. PLATE XC Elevation of a brick gable at Bury St. Edmonds in Suffolk. View on plate 42, No. 1. PLATE XCI Plaster decorations, Suffolk. In certain parts of England where there was no local build ing stone the houses were constructed of timber and plaster. In this section there seems to have been a desire to decorate the plaster surfaces and many interesting designs were developed. This plate illustrates four of the more common designs used in such cottages as that at Somerton, page 50, No. 2. Very elaborate examples are found throughout Essex. PLATE XCI I Elevation of Lyche Gate House at Penshurst, Kent. Entirely of oak timber weathered to a dark silver gray, the roof is red tile. There is lead lattice glazing in all the windows. See page 59 (1). PLATE XCI 1 1 Chillington Manor, Maidstone, Kent. A very well proportioned fireplace of warm gray limestone in the hall. The hearth is red brick laid flat, the fireback is plaster on stone with a cast iron panel inserted. The surrounding walls are white plaster. PLATE XCIV Chillington Manor, Maidstone, Kent. A small fireplace in a room adjoining the Hall. The proportions are very good but the colored tile back does not seem in keeping with a fireplace of this character. The elevated hearth with the curb is very interesting. PLATE XCV This plate illustrates two very fine examples of chimneys. The one on the left is from a house in Sutton Valence, Kent, rising from the center of the roof. The one on the right is one of two end chimneys on a farmhouse near Sutton in Surrey. The brick is salmon in color and the white joints are about one-half inch in width. PLATE XCVI Two good examples of brick chimneys from a house near Shere, Surrey. This type is generally found on the larger houses but is not uncommon on the smaller places. PLATE XCVI I Cottage at Horsemonden, Kent. This plate illustrates a doorway of one of the early timber houses in Kent which is similar to the cottage shown on page 49, No. 5, and those at Small Hythe on pages 53, No. 1, and 64. The plaster is painted white and the oak is black which gives a very crisp contrast and is very trim and clean in general effect. Such houses are locally known as "black and whites." PLATE XCVI 1 1 A cottage near Goudhurst, Kent. An interesting doorway to a brick and tile cottage. The frame is probably part of an earlier building. Both frame and door are weathered to a light gray. The walls are light red brick and the tiles on the second story are about the same color. PLATE XCIX Detail of a doorway to a small brick cottage at High Halden, Kent. The door panels with the small bead mould are unusual. The door and hood are painted white, the top of the hood is covered with lead. PLATE C Oak bay on a house in Tonbridge, Kent. The leaded windows are let into the oak frame.. The center lower sash is wrought iron and opens outward. The smooth plaster wall is whitewashed. See view on page 48. PLATE CI Typical windows of the cottages throughout Surrey, Essex and Kent. They have wooden frames with lead sash. This type of window is found in the tiled cottages such as those at Witley, page 63, No. 1, Crowshurst, page 63, No. 1, and Pembury, page 66, No. 1. These windows are invariably painted white which forms a pleasing contrast to the red field of tiles. This plate also shows a few of the typical patterns of the hanging tiles used so much throughout this part of England. When laid in large fields the simple forms are the most pleasing. PLATE CII Three typical cornices in Kent. The most common is that at Ashford and found on such cottages as that at Headcorn, page 54, No. 1, Sissinghurst, page 53, No. 2, and Godmersham, page 57, No. 2. The cornice at High Halden is unusual and in this particular example very pleasing. ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES DETAIL OF COTTAGE AT BROADWAY IN WORCESTERSHIRE DETAIL OF COTTAGE AT BROADWAY IN WORCESTERSHIRE ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES COTTAGE AT WESTON SUB EDGE IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE wC* "*b5i, -{ E'j; COTTAGE AT BROADWAY IN WORCESTERSHIRE ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES COURT FARM AT BROADWAY IN WORCESTERSHIRE STREET AT STANTON IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES COTTAGE AT SAINTSBURY IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE »>% 'M0p^:if^ HOUSE AT WILLERSEY IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES SMALL HOUSES AT STANWAY IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE RECTORY AT ASTON SUB EDGE IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES ....-i.*:'-'^^' a;gJ>;ag»i^:''3S»?^S!8»Km^ - '(^M*OWM(^.,,.,„,,,^iiiiBaiinifcr-- a BROADWAY, WORCESTERSHIRE 16 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES SMALL HOUSE AT WESTON SUB EDGE IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE \ VILLAGE CROSS AT ASTON SUB EDGE IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE 17 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES FARMHOUSE AT STANTON IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE DETAIL OF FARM HOUSE AT STANTON IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE (From a photo before restoration) 18 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES DETAIL OF DOORWAY— FARMHOUSE AT STANTON IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE VILLAGE CROSS AT STANTON IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE 19 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES WARREN HOUSE AT STANTON IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE DETAIL OF DOORWAY TO WARREN HOUSE AT STANTON IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE 20 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES v^ -t% ^ I f W ! COTTAGE AT BROAD CAMPDEN 21 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES SULGRAVE MANOR— SULGRAVE IN NO.RTHAMPTONSHIRE CHIMNEYS AT FRITWELL MANOR IN OXFORDSHIRE 22 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES GARDEN DOORWAY AT SULGRAVE MANOR IN NORTHAMPTONSHIRE DETAIL OF KITCHEN DOORWAY AT SULGRAVE MANOR IN NORTHAMPTONSHIRE 23 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES COTTAGES AT WROXTON IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE ROW OF COTTAGES AT BIBURY IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE 24 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES DETAIL OF PORCH AT FRITWELL MANOR IN OXFORDSHIRE DETAIL OF GARDEN DOORWAY OF MANOR HOUSE AT SHUTFORD IN OXFOJIDSHIRE 25 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES mm (•*«¦*> IFFLEY, OXFORDSHIRE 26 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES CHIMNEYS AT REAR OF WATER EATON MANOR IN OXFORDSHIRE FRONT OF MANOR HOUSE AT SHUTFORD IN OXFORDSHIRE 27 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES COTTAGE AT DUCKLINGTON IN OXFORDSHIRE tc^ COTTAGE AT DUCKLINGTON IN OXFORDSHIRE 28 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES COTTAGE AT TAD MARTIN IN OXFORDSHIRE COTTAGE AT BROAD CAMPDEN IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE 29 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES inuf (.»«} IFFLEY, OXFORDSHIRE 30 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES BUTTER CROSS AT WITNEY IN OXFORDSHIRE GABLE END AT CHARLTON ABBOTS IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE 31 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES '« i-, f- -> DOVE COTE AT CHASTLETON HOUSE IN OXFORDSHIRE i^^^''«* .^Jgyl^oPiyV ...ISjvV^'-v'... " * ^- A*%>aii-^ ¦/% ^^S^l^j fr*' DOVE COTE AT WHITEHALL NEAR SHREWSBURY IN SHROPSHIRE 32 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES TIMBER COTTAGE AT FORDWICK IN WARWICKSHIRE COTTAGE AT ASTON SUB EDGE IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE d3 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES <-vl REAR OF LITTLE WOLFORD MANOR IN WARWICKSHIRE ~JL''T'" I* Q^ifii4^f '^'' -<5«f»x ..'„ ^ „i«jfe!(s..^ . i,' COTTAGE AT WESTON SUB EDGE IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE 34 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES , . •'i'liiiliiiiir r^iooit TYi»f Uw„fc,«„f) MIDDLE TYSOE, WARWICKSHIRE 35 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES COTTAGE AT WELFORD ON AVON IN WARWICKSHIRE COTTAGE ON THE LIVERPOOL-CHESTER ROAD 36 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES COTTAGES AT QUINTON IN WARWICKSHIRE COTTAGES AT WELFORD ON AVON IN WARWICKSHIRE Z7 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES f E^K|5J*^^H^»:%V ¦'" S'. -pP:/;" '/-^f -^"'^' '-v'^'ii-i / / COTTAGE ON WORCESTER-STRATFORD ROAD 38 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES COTTAGE AT MIDDLE TYSOE IN WARWICKSHIRE BRICK AND STONE BAY ON A HOUSE AT WARICK IN WARWICKSHIRE 39 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES ¦¦USUIllllllll HOUSE AT CLARE IN SUFFOLK COTTAGE AT HAWKEDEN IN SUFFOLK 40 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES COTTAGES AT MILFORD IN SUFFOLK VILLAGE GREEN AT CAVENDISH IN SUFFOLK 41 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES COTTAGE AT CAVENDISH IN SUFFOLK B,RICK GABLE END AT BURY ST. EDMONDS IN SUFFOLK 42 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES COTTAGE AT QUIDHAMPTON IN WILTSHIRE COTTAGE AT HOMINGTON IN WILTSHIRE 43 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES SALISBURY, WILTSHIRE 44 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES DETAIL OF BARN AT HOMINGTON IN WILTSHIRE DETAIL OF SMALL ALMSHOUSE AT BOSCOMBE IN WILTSHIRE 45 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES COTTAGE NEAR BATHAMPTON IN WILTSHIRE COTTAGE AT QUIDHAMPTON IN WILTSHIRE 46 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES / / COTTAGE AT WEST AMESBURY, SALISBURY PLAIN 47 V ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES COTTAGE AT WINTERBOURNE DANTSEY IN WILTSHIRE OLD HOUSE AT TUNBRIDGE 48 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES SP4 'r^^^^'-iL^-rsaar^^ } f '' r - iir^&f'H-'r^^. I ' iS',',;> "T 1 ^r-:J"i'.. ¦Wi. Tl' ¦ •¦¦--¦ • WINDMILL FARM, ROLVENDEN, KENT 49 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES TIMBER COTTAGE NEAR HORSEMONDEN IN KENT COTTAGE AT SOMERTON IN SUFFOLK 50 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES COTTAGE AT HORSEMONDEN IN KENT COTTAGE AT HURST GREEN IN SUSSEX 51 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES B. C»llM^t '~i I COTTAGE AT ROLVENDEN LANE, KENT 52 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES TIMBER COTTAGE AT SMALL HYTHE IN KENT 4: COTTAGES AT SISSINGHURST IN KENT 53 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES DETAIL OF A COTTAGE AT HEADCORN IN KENT DETAIL OF A SMALL HOUSE AT FARNHAM IN SURREY 54 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES ¦••N .:t '^ {-- o aMHu/i.q iifsi. LYCHE GATE HOUSE, PENHURST, KENT 55 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES F.VRM BUILDINGS NEAR ASHFORD IN KENT FARM HOUSE NEAR SEALE IN SURREY 56 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES GATE HOUSE TO CHURCHYARD AT GREAT CHA.^'T I .\i KI'.\T COTTAGE NEAR GODMERSHAM IX KENT 57 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES K..'^^K4;^;;^-^ _r^'. OLD HOUSES IN HIGH STREET, BIDDENDEN, KENT 58 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES LYCHE GATE AT PEXSHURST IX KENT HOUSES .\T CHIDDINGSTONE IX KENT 59 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES DETAIL OF SMALL HOUSE AT FARNHAM IN SURREY COTTAGE AT KENNINGTON IN KENT 60 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES OLD COTTAGES AT BARMING, KENT 61 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES ;'^ -"^^rtSfei^'i DETAIL OF A COTTAGE AT WITLEY IN SURREY DETAIL OF A COTTAGE AT GUILFORD IN SURREY 62 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES FARM HOUSE AT CROWSHURST IN KENT COTTAGES AT BLETCHINGLEY IN SURREY 63 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES f ¦>• ^... -4lil!t^ ¦ \~->-. -» y^.^^'-'^ \ hAAu fiyiiiC AcMtj ^t^^ Tiifc !>¦»»*- COTTAGE, SMALL HYTHE, KENT 64 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES COTTAGE AT HEADCORN IN KENT COTTAGE AT HADLOW IN KENT 65 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES THATCHED COTTAGE, ROLVENDEN LANE, KENT 66 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES FARM HOUSE AT PEMBURY IN KENT COTTAGE NEAR FRAMT IN SUSSEX 67 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES lwiA(,e »t*t |jM'5U'0»n COTTAGE NEAR HAMBLEDON, SURREY 68 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES >?.»ti»- •¦ .¦' '^ .tl '¦'^i ^.^^ ^^ -- .-m^^^' ¦^'f^ ¦I'VA^k DOUBLE COTTAGE AT PUTTENHAM IN SURREY * J^'i: COTTAGE AT LITTLETON IN SURREY 69 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES sokiuy B --^-^"--.f COTTAGE, LITTLETON, SURREY 70 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES DETAIL OF A COTTAGE NEAR SEALE IN SURREY FARM HOUSE NEAR SEALE IN SURREY 71 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES " '""""-^'^''''^^i^^^^^^^^wp^'^^^^'^iSssaiBS!^^^^ hi^ \M .n'^S'iHrtiN^^feft' BAY ON "THE SPINNING WHEEL," FARNHAM. SURREY 72 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES COTTAGE AT CROWHURST IN SURREY WHITE HART IXX AT V^aTLEY IX SURREY 73 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES I >'Vl.».\ IIH9 ll»tp l^^ TitM CROWN INN, CHIDDINGFOLD, SURREY 74 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES FARM HOUSE AT HASCOMBE IN SURREY FARM HOUSE AT HASCOMBE IN SURREY 75 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES rv ^\JxJM * 8 -¦ ,1 BILLINGSHURST, SURREY 78 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES FARMHOUSE^ STANTON Gloucester ^^ /^/j / , ¦". 0 ¦ . ¦ . ¦f /O /•*¦ 20 i'f so SS -fO 4-S SO Inches nrm l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 n l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l feet 79 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES i LSr- ^Tia/Ls^^ warm^/'q^ ottimextcne . /• / X •ouyri S^ % \6m "Xl~^ ¦3i. Oo o ooooo o o ooo \'t U'UfM.^ Oa.^ ctaa. M!0n O O 0 0 0 71 fVi \^ c DOORWAY J)ated 16 IS FARMHOUSE xz^ STANTON aoucEm T L 12- 9 6 i O Inches\\\\\\\\\\\\\ ^£&et 80 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES 81 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES ^ ^ "^ ^ I ^ ^ 1 ?^^^^=(^^M Z/ G ,Jlcme.stc/it y^ 't7JJ ^y. './'. ^j.a i mesfcne ^\ J^^asfer \ Ptastetect silt HALL FIREPLACB AND WINDOW FARMHOUSE ^ STANTON glos r , IZ S e i 6 1 2. a ±^ S- C 7 r, , Inches pjirfllllll i | I I r I I teet i^etaiU I 1^6 I Z 3 4- S 6 7 6 3 IO II tZ Inches 2- 82 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES Jfeurn cak rafters wr /-Sfc te y Pi isier -I SncA lacA /modern.) .Restored s ^-^--X^ PANELLED ROON4 />ar^JZ- Jie^tored hick /Z S / 3 o I 2 J ^ ^ 6 ?¦ 0 es feet P [aster Jiaft. efs C=I-I-:-;: — i I— - _=•— .^^— =.- I E ^r^ I i o o u)eflf/i of cufi^ma airt Spd'^'^cjf an i/TcA o © o o 6eiA. Kjoint «^i yj^' /X^ FARMHOUSE^ STANTON gloucesteh , , IZ 9 6 J & I Inches \\\\\\\\\\\\\ I Z 3 s a feet 83 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES COTTAGE ^t BROADWAY worc stone /'tdcre 'III I I I I F^ I ' ^la6 jtones -4-' to lo" ocflcsure ^ oO/nes/o/7e >-' rocA-^ace Jjeaded ir/ndoiViS Mt tri/n has ch. z/yfe cut: au/yTzce OLCHARD ELEVATION Inchej IZ.(6 I Z3 1-J- 10 IS 2.0 ZS 30 AF ..M feet 84 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES yy(eat/ anct ofccSet COTTAGE M.t BROADWAY woe r , ]ZS6i a I ^ Z 3 tl- ^S 6 7 a 5 JO r , Inches \i iiiiiiiii 1 II 1 1 leeL J)etait - '/i.6 I z -3 4- .S £ 7 6 S Id 11 IZ IJ I'l- IS la 17 16 19 ZO 2 '\ Inc/fe^ lH 1 1 1 II III 85 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES ELEVATION >^c/^gj[||^|p|[||| SECTION Z 3 4 S g 7 a 5 16 feet -u u u- 4 1-1 Ul UJ 1_ — 1_] -ur- ' *¦ ¦' -UT w _ 1 1 INTERIOR - SMALL HOUSE at BROADWAY glos ^, 6 1 Z 34S 10 IS ZO _ J'taa I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I feet 6 I Z 3 4- S 6 7 6 9 10 II IZ 13 14- IS J:tevations I I I I | | | | | | | | | | \~\ feet 86 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES COTTAGE ^ WESTON SUB EDGE Gloucester J^^ 1618 .... .¦n:;ToiJiOTiiinroniiir H / z 3 ^ .5 < 7 i s 16 II II IS IS y^ 24 Inches 89 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES e IL Carved dficA. 6ne : ^r/cAs 6 cctcfses tv/th wide /otnts „ equats /-'.2' , ^ ot^nath io' wn/r^atnt. PjnK.— fed ~-sa 1/77 ott a//d ofa 3elad C ^/'oy a/'ti moffar wfs: ^D ^ BRICK GABLE Mt BURY ST EDMONDS Jnc^t IZ is a 1 z 3 4- s JO IS S.0 'es Inc^ej !Z 9 6 3 6 3 4 >£¦ S M f^et 90 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES ^^ /¦ /> f f ,^' frianau/ar notes 3//1/ deep p ^ f " p p p "^ p \ ./>\ # ^ ^ V -^^ ->-„ \ ^ „ \ \ ^'^ ^<> '^* \ '>-, . „A %;> V^ \/> ^p '<^P "K p \p ^ /> /" ^ /> p p J^ p*^ p p p p / ,' ,' / / / / / { .<. X A. A A -' «' X X'X'XXW'W \ '^ ^' x^^ y ^y V ^/ \^^ ^p"- V" -^ P^ / p'' /f J' -A j> p ' P p p /¦' P p- jDecorations drawn //? wetptaster — />aiytfed or wkiteioasned. Tliese patterns ccmmon throuaAout ^ufthtA. 1 ^6 I ^. 3 4- S 6 7 e, 9 10 1/ IZ J. Ocale ||||| I I I I I I I I I I — I — I JncAeJ DECORATED PLASTEH near am Suffolk 91 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES jDelad tfC Cnd destroyea 3e^ad ^ MA'M'Mllill'/M'^ 6a/'. iitn/)ers \,.A\ I I il I I II- II -^1, ,L'-I M^l V-\ V"-\\ M J A., /J t -^L 'as. e/- ¦7ft es , cement 6al rad i/sadedytass TIMBER HOUSE ^ PENSHURST kent / / ^ff 1 ^ f •! ^ S 6 7 i 9 JO n IZ 13 14- IS u IF Ii 19 za _^ , Inc/ies \\\\\ 1 1 1 1 II 1 II II 1 1 1 1 1 ^*^^'- Ihckes ^9636 I Z A -4 .^ . \\ \\\\\\\\ reec 92 ?3- 1 =11 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES J^t ajter S JT IVarfn, Orar^ Kfimesto/ie -A>'-' ¦- -X— t— iG th Gentary— FIREPLACE IZ g 6 3 o Jnches tTTtrrtTTTT udncA \ CHILLINGTON MANOR maidstone kent \Fyeet 0 'A I fe- I 1 1 1 1 ^Y^ ¦:J( 3 k f=^ \' I ^ IS 7 6 SI ro ¦ II Ig Inches 93 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES j7/?j C & IVhite jylaster 1^ JLimestone c •^Jftajiffd Cast iro/zjfire 6ac/c. tiles ~ three desidns ^ J3 ELEVATION • ' V"' M rii k A ea "t Sicn? 16 th Genturif FIREPLACE - CHILLINGTON MANOR IZ 9 6 3 a Inches iMllllNllI / z 3 4 s ^ Feet JDelait' I fj, a I Z 3 4 S 6 7 6 9 10 II IZ ;a Inch es 94 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES SUTTON VALENCE ujt KENT '/Aa/-a^frit/o//7/s TWO CHIMNEYS JjricAs averse Z" d^ &" loetA foz/zts l/z"wide 1Z3 & 3 6 Ty Z34-S6 769/0 IncJ/esWWWWWW |X 1 II t^^t 1 I " f? Z 3 4\f 6 7 6 9 16 II IZ Z4 , ^^^^^^ |i|l 1 1 1 l\J 1 1 1 1 1 1 V- SUTTON dti SURREY J L 95 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES ^ricAs c/)projcimate 2.''x6'x4-' Vari&aated Jted^ •^' rointJ of coarse yray cement °^ Terra cotta- es TWO CHIMNEYS A SHERE ^ surrey IZ9 63 6 t 2. 3 4-^6 7 a S to 11 IZ I'S Inches "mM^ \ 1 1 1~ I I I I I I \ L _ I f^^f 96 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES 0 0 00 00 oo 0 0 00 DOORWAY COTTAGE near HORSEMONDEN kent I/ichi •es 12 9 6 3 6 1 1 1 |tih^^ feel 97 ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARMHOUSES J/eiun Oct A y^ra/ne JdrieA J/oA ¦¦J...',i' ^ Si K ^am6 and Mead r G r DOORWAY COTTAGE ..^ GOUDHURST kent Inch* IZ 9