YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

HEBREW
CRITICISM AND POETRY,
&c. &c.

" It is strange, that persons of a liberal education, whose curiosity often
" prompts them to take no small pains to learn a modern language ; or to acquire
" so much skill in the Latin and Greek, as may enable them to read with ease a
" classic author, though a heathen, should not be excited by the same curiosity
" (if by no other motive) to get a little insight into the Hebrew, and to study in
" their original language, (I might call it perhaps, with some, the original lan-
" guageJ as a further incentive to the curious) books of so singular a nature,
" that in all the heathen world of learning there is scarce any thing to be met
*' with of the kind ; not any thing that will bear the least comparison."
Peters on Job, 2d Ed. p. 464.

HEBREW
CRITICISM AND POETRY;
OR,
THE PATRIARCHAL BLESSINGS OF ISAAC AND
OF JACOB,
METRICALLY ANALYSED AND TRANSLATED ;
WITH
APPENDIXES OF
READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS OF THE FOUR
GREATER PROPHETS,
INTERSPERSED WITH
METRICAL TRANSLATION AND COMPOSITION;
AND WITH
A CATENA OF
THE PROPHECIES OF BALAAM AND OFHABA'KUK,
OF
THE SONGS OF DEBORAH AND HANNAH,
AND OF
THE LAMENTATIONS OF DAVID
OVER SAUL, JONATHAN, AND ABNER,
METRICALLY TRANSLATED;
ALSO WITH
THE TABLE OF FIRST LESSONS FOR SUNDAYS,
PAGED WITH REFERENCES.

BY GEORGE SOMERS CLARKE, D.D.
VICAR OF GREAT WALTHAM IN ESSEX.

LONDON:
Printed by Richard Taylor and Co., Shoe-Lane;
AND SOLD BY J. WHITE AND CO., FLEET-STREET.

1810.

INVOCATION
TO THE LIGHT OF LEARNING.

Progressive light of learning's ripening age!
Expand thy broadest lustre o'er my page !
Dispel each mist of ignorance and pride ;
And bid the bigot's ancient rage subside!
Unveil to mortal eyes thine hidden store ;
And clear from error's blot religion's lore!
Before thy votary spread thy noontide clay
Through paths, where great aCappellus led the way!
Where, his bold track to follow not intent,
Hare, Seeker, Green, Lowth, Blayney, Newcome, went !
Where close pursuit rewards the critic's toil :
Where richly scatter'd lies barbarian bspoil!
Bid thou thy blaze, to sainted csires unknown,
Mark each prophetic meaning for thine own.
But let thy votary scorn the mystic sense,
Of daring ignorance the vain pretence !
a The immortal author of Critica Sacra, which his bigoted
enemies termed Critica Audacia.
b The spoil of words and meanings left by baibarian interpreters
ignorant of their value.
1 .' The fathers [of all, Dr. Jortin might have said, as well as]
* of the fourth and following centuries, considered as historians or
* recorders of facts, are valuable ; considered as divines, are of very
' small use and importance for the most part.' Remarks on Eccles.
Hist. vol. iii.- p. 84. ed. oct. 1805.

VI INVOCATION.
E'en bid him, left behind the papal dreams,
Seek the 'pure current of the Hebrew streams;
And dauntless, though unfriended, trace a road,
Where priesthood-ridden critics never trode.
Give him to tell, what first he bfear'd to find,
The dictates of Isaiah's c mighty rriind :
What Anathoth's pathetic bard dforetold ;
What plain events Ezekiel's views unfold :
What e answer from Jehovah Daniel bore;
What Christ the temple-worship should restore :
Nor bid thy votary bow to ' sceptred names ;
To Ptolemy, to EDamasus, to James ;
To that imperfect learning, which appears
Throughout the long descent of former years.
Give him in measur'd numbers to expose
Of Jacob's tribes the h blessings or the woes :
What 'Beor's son beheld from Pisgah's hill;
kHabakuk's vision of Jehovah's 'will;
Beneath her palmy shade m Deborah's song ;
The strains of "Hannah's joy, and "David's plaintive tongue.
Give him, if life Jehovah shall afford,
To fix the sense of each divine record ;
Beneath Boeotian clouds thy boon to know ;
The gift supreme to take, and widely, to bestow.

a See pp. 342 — 347. b See Preface, and notes thereto.
1 xlix. 21. p. 180, and lxi. 1. p. 184.
d x. 24. p. 221, and xxxi. 22. p. 250. Chastisfethbu me widiout'
taking away my religion by captivity, is die plain meaning of the
former verse.
« Pp. 355—357.
f The reputed instigators of the Greek, Latin, and English ver
sions of the Hebrew. But, see the Preface, and notes thereto.
s See p. 408. h P. 6. » P. 381. * P. 387.
1 iii. 2. m P. 397. ¦ P. 401. • P. 403.

PREFACE.

J. his work, small in its original plan, but increasing
as occasion required, owes its rise to a duty, incum
bent on its author, of conferring education ; and to
a judgement thereupon formed, — that a volume,
which is universally allowed to be of all others the
most important, merited the first attention of a learner
and of a teacher. Having therefore with his * pupil
made the grammatical preparation and passed through
the Psalms, a part more easily to be procured than
the whole, the book, of Genesis became the next
object of consideration, and presented no obstacle
earlier than the forty-ninth chapter, the difficulties
of which, on account of the importance attached to
its tenth verse, as well as the general beauty of the
context, he resolved to endeavour to surmount. What
he consequently effected will appear in the follow
ing Introduction and three subsequent half sheets.
With regret he considered himself bound not to de
lay his pupil by the detached poetical pieces, which
are interspersed throughout .the historical parts of the
divine volume, and therefore in no great time they
began the prophet Isaiah with the assistance of Bp.
Lowth. Here also he was mortified to find, that
* P. 265, note.

vni P&EFA&aE.
even, with the aid of that teamed; piefete a^/of tlf r/
"•.©o.dsNWi,1 added *to tlie'Griee1&.of^tb©*LR^ ariix to the
pnblf'c translation^ tr|e^fafe|liif .w^eformer part of
the Bible bad stopped With it, and after the utmost
endeavours much rem»rn^dr«ncornprehensible. He
resolved, however, not to be discouraged ; burty're^-
pealed,, .petals; to ipaafcejvif :p$ss%le, pi^Ty thing
eas*..'"' -fc^'% prose&u^qri ol^this^vplknjjbyf^MEh^thie
progress b o tb of -the; i§ afkHer -, ajid ,©£ ih® tefreher'swiat
g^^at-Iy ,injte'r^upt^^.m.f^i},^(^:^ery')unS9r|iected jwas
the surprjse-df ^le.Jtat^ff kt. dis^overing*>even as: ; early
ai^in, JLhe second ^cha-pteffpffflsfii^h!, -tha%ihe rprbpfeelSf
could sfitplfbeoiidefstood'as they.lisuaH^had' been,3but
by what has, .bteiivealkd' the dou'ble aspect/a rule *of
ir4le1iJ.Eeial.ion hev&p allowed in • amycjojiier ;\vrifing's]
and J-TUjfejiiRiij^n to "the critics 'of aMiquiftyi .As he hafl
now resolved to publish' his^'faterpTefeitTOns *bf Isaiah
as well as of tire Patriarrhab^PssirigsStfiiisheSitatioll^"
between a resncct for; long 'jestsjblished opinion and
thj^ cmtuuou ,h onesry,- ; as he -. deemed- it} of not- sup-i *
prqssirjg l*is r.ri^tes«ppv<jktiontsdipon matters- of *be
^reai cat i atpo rttiut e3 * feec&ase rnost 5distressing}y-:*gre#^r
Pi.J3scu,s of euiiiitiiit I?arrii<ssr*arfd-high'in situatftrr'irr
Loth .wi" the aiiiicd kfnguktpifc 'liaving -received' vhis let?
ters/up^.'.ihr 'occasion, and : lib t- being able iir repiyf
t^.^n,t'.sfv him-, -he mrrecterl-liis proof and'-veryTeluc-"
tan^y, h« the f<jad<M'!T,ay perceive by compearing
pr.,y^H'^.lf;.'i) jlW,, lf>0,- retreated Xtom a mode pfi
iniov'M^Ujioii, \<v!:ic;u:he hgs.at. It ngth: judged to'havet
Ikhms '.\r!: ina'ly ;:n artifice of lhe,church' of Rome.
But, slay your triumph,-' infickis ! on the one hafid:

PREFACE. IX
and on the other, church of Rome ! and every other
church distinct or sectarian from the established,
sink, the church of England alone excepted, to your
merited annihilation. The divine revelation by
Moses, and the interpretations of it by the founder
of the improved religion, the internally evident au
thenticity of the former, and the intrinsic excellence
of the latter, supported by experience of their bene
ficial effects, have fixed upon a rock. Rightly then
have the clergy of the established church of Eng
land, since its separation from that of Rome, esteem
ed the sermon on the mount their best source of in
struction ; and, the nearer they have approached to
the most enlightened times, have the more preferred
to impress upon the world as duties the* moral pre
cepts of the gospel, rather than discuss the doctrines,
which excellent persons in earlier ages, and with the
best learning which could then be attained, derived
from the books of the Old and New Testament. Still
more laudably have the clergy of the established
church exercised both their ingenuity and their
judgement, in penetrating deeply into the human
mind, and there discovering the origin of moral ac
tion ; and in examining actions and noting all the
differences, even the most minute, and every shade of
offence against the divine precepts. Rightly have they
endeavoured, by the variety of their applications, and
by the force of their arguments, to form and main-
* Thus giving to religion the advantage, if it is any, of being
intelligible to all capacities, and avoiding every thing that is incom
prehensible.

X PREFACE.
tain a church of Christians, which, to the honour of
the religion, by conferring the greatest benefits or*
society, should also dignify human nature.
If even then the * Messiah in Isaiah should, in the
single aspect of prophecy, appear to be Cyrus, or
Isaiah himself; and the f servant or elect of Jehovah,
Jacob or Israel : if the branch in J Isaiah and in § Je
remiah should be the not expatriated by Babylonian
captivity, or Zerubbabel and his not idolatrous succes
sors in the reunited throne : if the Messiah or anointed
commander in Daniel |], ix. 25. 26, should also be
Zerubbabel; and persons of no greater importance
should be found to have been predicted in the minor
prophets : if the H star out of Jacob by Balaam
should be, as judged to be, no more than the royalty
in the tribe of Judah ; and the Messiah of the
** Psalms to be but David, or Hezekiah as one of
the family of David: if, lastly, even the whole of
the New Testament, with the exception only of the
sermon on the mount and of the plainest parts of the
narrative of the life of Christ, upon which the
evangelists are generally agreed, should at any time
be proved to be the fabrication of well- designing
persons in very early times, tinctured with nearly the
sole knowledge of the Old Testament, not in its ori
ginal, but through the medium of the ffChalda^-
* xlv. 1., lxi. 1. -{- xlii. 1. p. 111. sq.
} iv. 2. pp. 32, 33. § xxiii. 5. p. 240.
|| P. 355. f P. 384.
** ii. 2.
ft 'The seventy interpreters did many things well, as learned
men ; but yet as men they stumbled and fell, one while through

Preface. xi
Coptico- Alexandrine-Greek ; — still is the Christian
religion, still is the Church of England, safe. But,
where is the Church of Rome ? In the opinion of
all dispassionate persons, condemned to annihilation
in the miserable corruption of apparent ignorance
but detected artifice. Where is Jhe sectary? Where
the multitudinous methodist, the legions of illiterate
pretension, the Calvinist, or the Arminian? Where,
in short, are all of every sect who have departed from
the establishment, on the ground of better compre
hension of the Bible from translations only ? Wal
lowing in the mire of misinterpretation, or grovelling
in the dust of doctrines not to be discovered in the
genuine original, and enwrapped in the ' filthy rags'
of their own righteousness, no where to be found but
around themselves and in the translation of their pre
decessor, the public translator of Is. lxiv. 6. The
author of ' Methodists and Papists compared' was in
part right, and in part mistaken ; for he was actually
comparing identical people, scarcely diversified by
the slightest modifications. Let them then quietly
enjoy their opinions, and the cheap time-spinning of
their evening preachings and associations : but, let
not the Established Church, whose protection is the
oversight, another while through ignorance ; yea, sometimes they
may be noted to add to the original, and sometimes to take from
it.' King James's translators to the reader. See also in the de-
velopement of the Vision of Flowing Waters, Ezek. xlvii. 1 — 12,
a sketch of their character :
To whom, though erring and corrupted, pays
EHh distant time their well-earn'd meed of praise.
(a 2)

X" PREFACE,
business of Government, apprehend any thing front
the increasing multitudes of mistaken pietists. The
bow is drawn " at a venture/ in the *integrity of the
drawer, and in the discharge of his duty : let only
the religionist of human device be smitten 'between
the joints of the harness.'
Thus much in explanation for the variety of
the following interpretations from the accustomed;
if any explanation could by liberal and intelli
gent persons be deemed necessary from an au
thor, whom not only it would ill become to oppose
the creeds and articles of the religion of his country,
but who upon f former occasions has manifested a
desire to maintain them. Liberal and intelligent per
sons he mentions ; because they either have it in their
own power to examine whether he has faithfully read
and interpreted the antemasoretic text of the Old
Testament in its literal or single aspect, or they can
obtain correct information on the point from persons
equally liberal, and more intelligent in the language.
But more than this is justly claimed in behalf of the
established religion of the country. The compilers
of the creeds and articles professed to derive, and
doubtless did derive them from, and could prove them
by, most certain warrants of sacred scripture. But
even supposing that in every instance they could not
prove them with equal ease, human imperfection de
mands some allowance, and the incomplete state of the
* Heb. 1 K. xxii. 34.
f See Sermon on the Everlasting Fire of the AthaBasian Creed.

PREFACE. Xlii
knowledge of ancient languages, particularly of the
oriental, in former times, demands some more. They
intended, also, or it may be believed that they intend
ed, to adopt the Christian religion in its primitive
purity; to renounce the Church of Rome, and to
admit no schism or sectarianism : and therefore
subscription to creeds and articles compiled under
such circumstances, is professing the pure religion in
intention, whether such creeds and articles can be
proved from the present reading and interpretation
of scripture or not. But, what better compilations
have been made on either side of the Church of
England, and without the pale of its establishment;
or which can be proved by more certain warrants of
scripture? Certainly none. And if even not one of
the articles of the creeds or of the religion of the
Church of England could be proved, still if these
have at all been compiled under the view of a com
promise with the church of Rome on the one hand,
or the church of Geneva on the other, and have
spared the further effusion of blood, after much had
been spilt on account of religion, they have thereby
produced one of the most beneficial effects of Christi
anity, and might, on account of their * utility, be
adopted in its stead. The authors of them have en
deavoured to unite in one bond of religious consent
* ' Go, farewell !' said Elisha, when leave was asked even to
worship in the house of Rimmon. The national religion of Syria,
although idolatrous, was not to be slighted by a subject however
better informed. See note: on the Lesson for the morning of the
Eleventh Sunday after Trinity, p. 413,

XIV PREFACE.
error on all hands for the mutual good of all ,' the*
error of Origen, of Jerome, and of the church of
Rome, with the error of Calvin, of Luther, and of
Grotius: for, where is human perfection? Can the
Church of England itself pretend to it, or any of its
advocates claim it for her ? But for the establish
ment of consent and peace in the midst of inevitable
error, the creeds and articles of the Church of Eng
land adopt something of the sentiments of all par
ties ; and thereby, to the honour of the peaceable
religion which it professes, endeavour to conciliate
all with amicable concessions.
Let it be supposed that no religion is right, and it
is *maintained that neither the Catholic nor the sec
tarian from the reformed church rightly interprets
* Notwithstanding the share of influence which both Geneva
and Rome, or Jerome's Vulgate and Calvin, have had upon the
English translation of the Bible, their comprehension of the word
}JtlP and its heemanthie is in the following sheets rejected in toto ;
so that where in the public translation the word ' salvation' occurs,
the Hebrew author is believed to have meant ' help,' ' temporal de
liverance,' or 'restoration from Babylonian captivity,' and those
only and without reference to any thing more. If words are to
have two faces or meanings, and a reader is by law bound so to
read and interpret them, the divine gift of understanding is frus
trated ; for, the context will not help out such double interpretations.
See Sermons on Fast 1808, and on the Athanasian Creed.
Catholicism and Calvinism are also referred to the visions,
Ezek. xlvii. 1 — 12. and Dan. ix. 25 — 28.: and with respect to the
former, the popular preacher of nearly half a century may com
pare Abp. Newcome's interpretation with that which himself deli
vered a great many years ago, when the waters were allegorised
into the grace of the holy spirit, in which, with tire usual humility,

PREFACE, XT
scripture ; the creeds and articles in the case supposed
become a political scheme for the valuable purpose of
peaceable consent, and may with full liberty of con
science be by all persons subscribed. Further objec
tions, after this view of the matter, can on the part
of the catholic or of the sectarian be only political ;
and then the arguments of a late orthodox chancellor
become paramount : ' I care not which is the right
* religion ; whether yours, or any other, or none : if
f your religion was uppermost, you would keep us
f under; but, as ours is uppermost, we will keep you
* under! That is *all.'
he represented himself as standing only up to the soles of his shoes,
whilst the clerk behind him had enough to swim in.
Let him, whose education, abilities, endeavours, and even suc
cess, have all been laudable, compare and impartially judge ; whe
ther Calvin himself, Abp. Newcome, or the present interpreter,
has paid most attention to the original text ; and whether a revela
tion could not, and might not, according to such comprehensions
as to human creatures have been afforded, have been as well deli
vered in words of one meaning as in words of two. The < com
mandment with promise,' ' that thy days may be prolonged,' will,
according to the double mode of interpretation, confer life to come
on him who shall obey only that commandment.
* There certainly ought to be no quarrels on account of religion.
If subscription is the law of the land, every one ought to sub
scribe. But, in maintaining the right and expediency of creeds
and articles, and even the beneficial effect of universal subscription
to them, peace and obedience to government alone are maintained :
the private right of all persons, even subscribers, who have capa
city, to interpret the Hebrew and the Greek of the scriptures
esteemed sacred, and to publish their interpretations, ought not to
be questioned. The present interpreter knows not of any law

XVJ PREFACE.
The readings of the Hebrew writers have, in the
following sheets, been founded on the presumption,
that the antemasoretic text is the most ancient and the
best, and that the vowel points of the masoretic are
of no authority whatever ; that also, where every
other help fails in giving a suitable reading to a text,
recourse can alone be had to conjecture. In short,
no supposed integrity, or even inspiration, has been
allowed to prevent the Hebrew text being read as that
of any other ancient book ; with the integrity and
best judgement of the reader, and without regard to
any ^theological opinion. The metrical system, ex
plained in the Introduction, has afforded great as
sistance both in the readings and in the interpreta
tions; which indeed were designed to be but additions
and corrections to the valuable translations of the four
greater prophets by Bp. Lowth, Dr. Blayney, Abp.
Newcome, Mr. W intle, and the layman Mr. Dodson :
' Magnanimi heroes, nati tmelioribus annis!'
Wherever any chapter, part of a chapter, or part
of a verse is omitted by the present interpreter, he
which forbids such interpretations as his : but, if any such law ex
ists, it becomes him, as a subject and as a subscriber to articles, to
desire that his own interpretations of the Hebrew may be cancelled
before the superior learning of the law.
* Nor is any Chaldee paraphrast or Hellenistic writer, either of
the Old Testament or of the New, or any rabbinical interpreter,
allowed to influence the plain meaning of plain words.
f But the times in which they were born did not admit of un
biassed interpretations of the Hebrew text.

PREFACE. XVU
therein differs not materially from the abovemen-
tioned writers : where he prefers the public transla
tors to them, he believes that he has seldom omitted
to notice it.
In addition to the Hebrew Bible, with reference
to which the books of the Greek Testament were evi*
dently written, being a volume of the greatest im
portance to learners in a Christian country, as also
the first lessons in churches are from it read through
the medium of a translation not universally intelligi
ble, the wishes of those who would understand as
well as hear and read have been consulted ; even be
yond the limits of the four greater prophets, in whose
writings are many of the first lessons for Sundays and
holydays. It was therefore that Habakuk, the second
chapter of which is a lesson, and the whole, parti
cularly the end, poetical, was metrically given. For
the same reason the Prophecies of Balaam, and the
Songs of Deborah and Hannah, have been also thus
rendered. The Lamentations of David for Saul, Jo
nathan, and Abner, appear ; because the author
scarcely knew where to stop in offering what he
thought would be acceptable to the reader. Nor are
the metrical translations in any place of which the
author is aware, the last clause of *p. 11. and of
-fHab. i. 6. and a '{.line in Hab. iii. 8. excepted, pa
raphrases to fill up, but words representative of equi-
* ' His banners from between, the law of God}'
f ' Dwellings not theirs, new objects of desire'
J ' These could not i?idignation fire-,'
CO

XV1U PREFACE.
valent significations in the original ; accordingly as
it was read and interpreted with his best judgement.
For the better comprehension also of the Lessons, the
table of them from the Book of Common Prayer was
extracted, annotated with interpretations, and paged
with reference to those chapters which more fully ap
pear in the preceding sheets.
After the opinions delivered by the excellent au
thors before mentioned, and many * others, in favour
of a new translation of the Bible, it would be super
fluous at present to resume the subject : the labours
of those writers, to which the present work is pro
posed as an humble addition or correction, may in
part supply the want. Health, and sufficient encou
ragement to enable him to proceed in his plan of
giving a prose translation, with notes, of the minor
prophets and psalms the author hopes will not be
wanting to him. And although with respect to the
latter, as they are constantly read in churches, many
may think, that they are in general sufficiently intel
ligible ; others may be of opinion, that even after the
commentary of a late amiable prelate, ' the repetition
' of them, as performed by multitudes,' continues to
be, as he expressed it, ' but one degree above me-
' chanism.' Many, when reading them, might wish
to know the occasions of these thanksa-ivinffs or com-
plaints, and the allusions in individual verses; ac
cording to their literal meaning, without allegory, or
that imaginary interpretation which has been assumed
*¦ See Sermon on the Fast, 1808.

PREFACE. XIX
when the real was *difficult of discovery. Some spe
cimen of the author's interpretation of these ancient
compositions, and a sketch of his comprehension of
their general subjects and of their authors, have •}¦ al
ready appeared before the public. But neither by
preceding, by the present, or by subsequent labours,
can he hope to overcome, or to see overcome by su
perior writers, the invincible obstinacy of ignorance
and prejudice. The Romanist on the one hand will
continue to claim liberty of conscience ; and the Me
thodist or Calvinist on the other to allegorise and
{expound from the § English translation what neither
* See Bp. Patrick, Preface to Paraphrase on die Psalms.
f In his Sermon on the Fast, 1808.
% ' Curse ye Meroz,' &c. through the verse, exclaimed one of
these expounders against" the sluggish part of his audience: but,
see in the Song of Deborah, p. 399., this ' Meroz' ! To the note
** it may be added, that the Jots of the tribes of Judah and Si
meon were the most southern, and at the greatest distance from the
field of battle on the banks of the Kishon.
§ No retailer of the English translation should the author of
Emily, a moral tale, have been expected to be, vol. ii. p. 65. con
cerning Jephtha, in a place where must have been opportunities of
seeing the sermon upon the vow by the Lite very learned President
of C. C. C. and father of the present Bp. of London, published at
a time when it was not unfashionable for persons in such situations.
io know Hebrew.
No rash vow made Jephtha to ' sacrifice' the first living creature
he should see on his return home : he vowed only, Judges xi. 31 .,
that such should ' be Jehovah's, or I will make to ascend to him a
¦' burnt-offering.' Accordingly, v. 35., he rent his clothes, and
said, Alas, my daughter ! for having thus sequestered her to a
jingle life. For the like use of the suffix see Ts. xliv, l^i.
(c )g

XX PREFACE.
Calvin nor Wesley rightly understood in the original,
but only through the medium of *such interpreters as
Origen or Jerome. It may however afford satisfac
tion to some to learn, that they who would claim
right on their side actually have not even a shadow of
fright; and, that the right in the present question is,
entirely as it should be, in favour of power.
The unprejudiced and intelligent may discover
from the author's title, what is the fact, that his ap
plication and experience have not been of a few
years ; and that his time has not been engaged in
situations, which lead to high promotion, or great
emolument, but allow not always the leisure for ex
tensive or deep research. {Introductions, to that
which he now lays before the public, have been in
the world nearly two years, without any notice of
disapprobation having reached him. But, previously
to these introductions was a considerable part of the
present work printed, and much more of the copy
in the hands of the printer : in all which part, after
that he had resolved on rejecting the double inter
pretations of the allegorists, he made many and great
corrections in his proof, and found in the printed
* Doubtless excellent for their time, and to whom the Christian
world is under great obligations : but, in all professions knowledge
is subject to the accumulated improvements of succeeding ages.
f It is again, and in the most unqualified manner, asserted,
and it will be maintained, if the following sheets do not sufficiently
prove it, that all persons out of the pale of the established reli
gion very greatly misinterpret the Bible.
£ Sermons on Fast 1808, and on the Athanasian Creed.

PREFACE. XXI
sheets room for additions and further corrections.
These therefore he thought right to place immediate
ly next to the readings and interpretations to which
they refer, and to page in one view with them in the
table of contents prefixed. He has regretted, that he
had not earlier applied himself to the study, of which
the following sheets are the fruit: but, it was his
lot to fall rather among those who, like Jerome,
esteemed the language * barbarous, than among any
who deemed it useful, or with whom it was fashion
able. He refers to an early time of his own life,
when himself was otherwise employed, when Bp.
Lowth had published only his Praelections and Mi-
chaelis on them, and when the study was to be pur
sued, either masoretically or with the vowel points,
as taught in schools with perplexity to young scho
lars, and with Patrick upon Lowth and Pole ; or else
according to the more recent but as yet decried
method of Mr. Parkhurst. An abridgement of Mr. P.'s
Grammar he at that time purchased, without knowing
when an opportunity of using it would be afforded;
and without foreseeing that it would lie dormant in
his possession nearly thirty years, and then upon what
occasion it would be brought forward : but, he ever
anxiously wished for an opportunity, and was not
unmindful of an example in a fsuperior, from whom

* The translators to the reader.
f The Rev. Dr. Huddesford, who died President of Trinity
College, Oxford, 1776, had a small Hebrew Bible by his side in
chapel, in which he looked whilst the fiist lesson was reading.

XXU PREFACE.
without private solicitation he had received * almost
the only material service which, independently of
relatives, has at any time been conferred upon him.
For the new interpretations of the Hebrew text, which
he has given, he has some reason to believe himself
sufficiently early, and that even now they will not be
readily admitted, from what he has observed of the
controversy with the late learned Dr. Blayney at
Oxford. If the times are as yet ripe for such inde
pendent interpretations, they scarcely were but a very
few years ago ; and nothing but the author's own
conviction of the justness of them would suffer him
to venture them now. But, in apology for their in
dependence, if not novelty, all that has occurred to
him, and perhaps sufficient, has been already offered;
excepting that he may have wished to have been bet
ter prepared to give the former part of the publica
tion with the accuracy and completion, with which
by practice he has been enabled to execute the latter
part : but, delay might have prevented the whole,
even the suggestion of hints to abler pens.
The index of things will exhibit, particularly in
the new interpretations, less than has been performed;
for, a page frequently contains more than one of
them. Additions to tiie Hebrew text are often ex
pressed in the line of translation by d., or by d. d., if
the words to be blotted in the original are two, or by d,
* The Rev. John Filkes, B.D. Vicar of Navestoke in Essex, the
author's much esteemed tutor and friend, ought not for disinterested
services to he forgotten by him.

PREFACE. XXIH
with a figure denoting the number of the words of
the interpolation. In the index these may sometimes
doubly appear under the title of Additions, and under
that of Interpolations believed, or else under that of
words rejected by the metre. The ellipses, particu
larly of the prepositions, are frequently fully trans
lated without notice : sometimes, but not always,
they are paged in the index ; which, as well as the
notes, might have usefully beeii fuller, had not the
author recollected the uncertainty of time, and been
desirous of proceeding, without delay, in his plan of
giving something more, and, if possible, better to
the public.
He has now to plead his distance from the press as
an apology for more errata and * defects of corrections,
* For ' my-' r. ' mine-' before a vowel or an h, passim.
Ketib r. Cetib, passim.
31. 17- and passim, for Lord r. Jehovah.
33. See Index in ' Branch,'
51. 4. for decreed r. ruinous
Is. xxxi. 9. " Even-his-strong-hold by-a-banisher shall-be-
" transplanted,
" When-shall-be-stricken-with-consternation at-his>.flight his-
" princes:" —
Understand the seat of the Assyrian monarch}' transplanted
from Nineveh to Babylon : and, for the banisher, or changer of
dwelling, see Jer. vi. 25., xx. 4. 10., xlvi. 5., xlix. 29.; Lam. ii. 22.;
Ezek. xxi. 12.; Hab. iii. 1,6.} Ps. xxxi. 15.
Is. xxxiii. 15. p." 84. 'cruelty.' Note: perhaps, idolatrous dedi
cation. See Ezek. xvi. 36. 38., xxii. 2., xxxiii. 25.
xlv. 12. p. 126. note ; In the speech of Jehovah Cyrus is styled
' a common mars.' CHN. xlviii.

XXIV PREFACE.
than he expected, the great difficulties which are at
present more than ever thrown in the way of the trans
mission of parcels having prevented his seeing as many
revises as he could have wished ; and to all but those
who have experienced it, the trouble of frequent
transmission and retransmission is inconceivable. His
distance also from books, excepting such as he could
himself purchase or a few neighbouring friends sup
ply, has been greatly regretted, particularly in the
examination of words for their various uses : but, he
hopes that Mr. Parkhurst's fifth edition of his Lexi
con corrected and improved has in a great measure
xlviii. 16. p. 135. 1. 4. correct : Jehovah having sent his mind, or
a great and divine mind, into the prophet, ch. lxi. 1., he —
xlix. 8. p. 138. 1. 3. correct; — * even-have-I-given-thee for-a-co-
venant-of ancient-time;' xxiv. 5., xlii. 6., lv. 3. ; Jer. xxxii. 40.,
xlix. 13., 1. 5.
lix. 3. p. 177. 1. 22. add : but see Ezek. xvi. 36. 38., xxii. 2.,
xxxiii. 25. where blood appears to denote idolatrous dedication.
7. p. 178. 1. 14. correct: Of children, in idolatrous dedication.
lxiii. 8. p. 189. for ' false' r. '-idolatrous.'
lxiv. 7- p- 192. 1. 23. correct; ' by-the-means-of the-punishments-
of-our-idolatries. '
lxv. 20. p. 196. penult. : for ' a-sinner' r. • an-idolater'
Jer. ii. 34. p. 205. note: Driven away by the idolatrous majority.
vi. 14. p. 215. correct : ' Even-have-they-disregarded tlie-wound-
of — ' viii. 11.
viii. 15. p. 218. correct : ' For-a-time-of tranquillity ;' — See
Ezek. xlvii. 9. 12.
xxv. 9. p. 242. r. ' even-desolations-of ancient-time.'
xxxv. 19. p. 243. to the latter note add (and insert in note 1.
p. 252.); See 1 Sam. i. 22. 28. for the synonyms of abty IV and
DWrt ba, whose import must have been limited by the life of
Samuel.

PREFACE. XXV
compensated for' the want of a concordance ; and
that his own indexes of texts and things will consi,
derably assist future students in the Hebrew scrip
tures. If also these indexes should appear in any part
defective or curtailed, let the plea of no small pain
in the eyes, occasioned by his exercise of them in
making the indexes, be his apology.

In honour of the fiftieth year of his Majesty's reign, at Great
Waltham, Essex, on Thursday the 23d of November, 1809, was
holden in the Church, a FESTIVAL, metrical and musical. — ¦
(The Music was obligingly undertaken by J. W. Holder, Esq. of
Boreham, Mus. B.)
ACT THE FIRST,
The Prophecies of Balaam.
Numb, xxiii. 7—10, 18—24. xxiv. 3—9, 15—24.
The Song of Deborah, Judg. v. 2 — 31.
Chorus, v. 31.
" But thus, as perish'd Sisera, may all,
" Jehovah ! who oppress thy people, fall !
" E'en thus may they, who aid Israel, rise ;
" As soars the noontide sun in splendour through the skies!*''
The Song of Hannah, 1 Sam. ii. 1 — 10.
Chorus, v. 10.
" Before Jehovah's thunders fall his foes ;
" E'en from Jehovah comes the earth's repose :
" E'en he around his King his strength hath spread ;
" E'en rays of light hath rais'd from his anointed's head."

ACT THE SECOND,
Sons of the Desert, Isaiah xxxv. 2.
Song to Jehovah, xlii. 10 — 16.
Writing of Hezekiah, xxxviii. 10—20.
Chorus, v. 20.
" To God, my life's preserver, let us raise,
" With harp and voice, eternal songs of praise :
" As rolls each year, with music's every string,
" Jehovah ! may thy spacious temple ring!"
ACT THE THIRD,
The Prophecy of Haba'kuk.
Chorus.
" Yet will afford Jehovah joy ;
" Yet will his strength my songs employ.
" E'en hath my feet as pillars fix'd his hand :
" E'en will he bid me tread upon mine highest land."
*#* Recitation commenced at twelve of the clock.

xxvu

ERRATA IN TEXT.

ge t.

line 10. for

Samaritan : read

Samaritan ;

printed

printed ;

xiii.

23.

-earth

earth

xiv.

12.

concerts

^-concerts

XV.

8.

captives.

captives ?

xviii.

14.

enter

-enter

30.

1.

1

3

33.

13.

When-

4. When-

34.

1.

song-of I

song of-I

44.

11.

this-

this

46.

18.

Beyond-

Beyond

48.

26.

affected

effected

62.

10.

lot of

lot

68.

15.

t

1

26.

y

Y

78.

19.

in to-

into-

85.

19.

population.

population/

ult.
-the
the-
92.
12.
XX.
xxi.
94.
8, 9.
trs.
108.
6.
it-
it
117.
20. for hiden
hidden
*125.
antepenult.
these,
these.
126.
11.
concerning
concerning-
upon-my-
upon-my
128.
1.
15
18
130.
13.
Thou
Thou-
142.
IS.
-flesh,
flesh,
145.
23.
Pharoah
Pharaoh
147.
7.
horror ; Have-I-not
horror ;
156.
16.
gladness
-gladness
164.
ult.
1
n
167.
26.
Bethol
Bethel
179.
12.13.
1
3
193.
7.
In-which-
In-which
196.
29.
days,
days :
203.
14.
I-
I
210.
17.
Desolate-
Desolate
28.
thy
thy-
224.
12.
t
6(
287.
9.
this hath
thus hath-
238.
19.
thy
thy-
* 125.
1. should be a note to 1.94
¦ ult,
XX VIII

Page 241.
247.
291.300. 321.330.
333.368.
381.

ERRATA.

•21. 3. 7.2.
17. 20.

for after
" affection.
t
-punishment-of

read after- 3.
« affection."
#
punishment-pf-

4.
14. 1.
4.
ult.

0,
the-
jashul acconutbreath

10,
the
jashub account
breath !

ERRATA IN NOTES.

292.

1.

earthen*

earthen

293.

7.

xxxii. 27.

Ezek. xxxii. 27,

326.

2.

Jehoiachim

Jehoiachin

384.

12.

nto

into

XXIX

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Introduction, pages v — xx,

xxvi.

69—71, 374

359,

360

xxvii.

71, 72, 374

Blessing of Isaac, 1 — 5, 360

xxviii.

72—74, 374, 375

.

 Jacob, 6—26, 360

xxix.

74—76, 375

Readings and Interpretations

XXX.

76—79, 375

of ch. of Isaiah,

xxxi.

79

i. pages 27—29, 360, 362

xxxii.

80—82, 375

ii.

30, 31, 362

xxxiii.

82—85, 375, 376

iii.

31, 32, 362, 363

xxxiv.

85—87, 376

iv.

32, 33, 363, 364

XXXV.

87—91

v.

33—37, 364, 365

xxxvi.

91, 93

vi.

37, 38, 365

xxxvii.

92, 93

vii.

38— 41 j 365—369

xxxviii.

93—98

viii.

41—47, 370

xxxix.

98

ix.

47—49, 370

xl.

98— 107

X.

50—54, 370, 371

xli.

107—111

si.

54—56, 371

xlii.

111—118, 376

xii.

56, 57, 372

xliii.

118—121

xiii.

57, 58, 372

xliv.

121—125

xiv.

58, 59, 372

xlv.

125—128

XV.

60, 372

xlvi.

129, 130

xvi.

60, 61, 372

xlvii.

130—133, 376

xvii.

61, 62

xlviii.

133—136

"XV iii.

62

xlix.

136—142, 376, 377

xix.

63

1.

142, 143

xx. xxi

63, 64, 373

Ii.

144—147

xxii.

65, 373

Hi.

147—151, 377

xxiii.

65—67, 373

liii.

151—156

xxiv.

67, 68, 373

liv.

156—159

xxv.

68, 373

Iv.

159—162

XXX
lvi. 162—165
Ivit. .165—173
Iviii. 173—176, 377
lix. 176—180
lx. 180—184
lxi. 184—186, 377
lxii. 186—188
Ixiii. 188—191
Ixiv. 191—193
lxv. 193—197
Ixvi. 197—202
Jeremiah,i. 203
ii. 204, 205
iii. 205—207
iv. 207—211
v. 211—214
vi. 214—216
vii. 216—218
viii. 218
219, 220

ix. X. xi. xii. xiii.xiv. XV.xvi. xvii. xviii. xix. xx. 233
xxi. 252, 253
xxii.
xxiii.xxiv. XXV.xxvi.

220, 221
221, 222
223—225 225, 226
226, 228
228—230 230231, 232
232, 333

2J6  239
030  2 1-2
244212, 243
243

CONTENTS.

xxvii. xxvii

.252

xxix.

244, 245

XXX.
245, 246
xxxi.
246—252
xxxii.
253
^xxxiii.
253—256
xxxiv. xxxv
.243
xxxvi.
243, 244
xxxvii.
253
xxxviii.xxxix.256
xl — xliv.
257
xlv.
244
xlvi.
258, 259
xlvii.
259
xlviii.
259—264
xlix.
264 — 268
1.
268—271
Ii.
271—275
Lamentations,
i.
277—281
ii.
281—286
iii.
286—291
iv.
291—296
v.
296, 297
Ezekiel,
i.
299
ii.
299, 300
iii.
300
iv.
300—302
v.
302
vi.
302, 303
vii.
303—305
viii. ix.
305
x. xi.
306, 307
.\ii.
307
xiii.
307—310
xiv.
310, 311
CONTENTS.

XV. xvi.

312—317

xliv.

S40, 341

xvii.

317

xiv.

341

xviii.

318, 319

xlvii.

341—347

xix.

319

xlviii.

347

XX.

319—321

Daniel,

xxi.

321—324

ii.

349

xxii.

324—326

iv.

349, 350

xxiii.

326—329

v. vii.

350

xxiv.

329—331

viii.

350, 351

xxv — xxvii

331

ix.

351—357

xxviii.

331, 332

X.

357

xxix— xxxi

333

xi. xii.

358

Xxxii.

333, 334

Balaam

381—385

xxxiii. xxxiv. 335

Habakuk

387—396

xxxv.

335, 336

Deborah

397—400

xxxvi.

336

Hannah

401, 402

xxxvii.

336—338

David

403—405

xxxix.

339, 340

Lessons

407—416

xl — xliii.

340

XXXI
INTRODUCTION.

A. principal design of this small publication is to
propose some improvement upon the hypothesis of
Azariah, or Azarias, quoted by Bp. Lowth, for
the more readily restoring the text, and compre
hending the literal meaning of the prophetical
writings of the Old Testament. Such improvement
was conceived, and the metrical arrangement of the
Patriarchal Blessings formed; of the latter of them
only* the two lines of general invocation from the
Samaritan : the Metrical Analysis also was printed
before the author had seen more than Bp. Lowth's
Praelections upon the subject.
Since his lordship's decease, two new translators
of Isaiah have arisen, a learned layman, whose sig-
i
* The author's original plan commenced with the Blessing
upon Reuben, as may appear in the Metrical Analysis ; which
he composed previously to his having seen a copy of the Sama?
ritaru

VI INTRODUCTION.
nature is M. D., and the present Bp. of Killalla.
An extract only from the Bp. of Killalla's transla
tion has reached the hands of the translator of the
Patriarchal Blessings ; who possesses both Bishop
Lowth 's and Mr. M. D.'s versions, and purposes,
in this Introduction and the Appendix, to at
tempt the supply of some of the defects of both ;
in which province he judges that he is not pre
occupied. The principal defect of the latter in the inter
pretation of the text is, that the author, with Bp.
Lowth before him, seems to have been almost in
sensible to the use of the parallelism ; of vshich his
lordship also appears not to have made all the ad
vantage that it might have afforded. It is appre
hended, that the parallelism will furnish rules for
the restoration of corrupted passages in Isaiah, and
other prophetical writings, not less certain in their
application than the * canon, newly explained by
Mr. Professor Porson, of excluding anapaests from
every place but the first, and from proper names, in
the iambics of the tragedies, would correct their text.
If this should so appear, let it not be esteemed a small

* In the Preface, pp. v. vi. and in the Supplement- to the Pre
face, p. xix. of the -Hecuba of Euripides, Ed. Cantab. 8vo. 1802.

INTRODUCTION, vii
discovery, by which obscurities may be removed,
and a right division of a sentence into metrical lines
may exhibit a prophecy in its just features.
Without descending to syllables, as is done in
the Patriarchal Blessings, a metrical arrangement,
in many places different from that of Bp. Lowth,
may, it is conceived, be made with advantage in
the text of Isaiah, upon the plan of the arrange
ment in the Patriarchal Blessings. For this pur
pose, it is presumed ;
1st, .That the metrical lines of the Hebrew writ
ers, never consisted of more than four terms or
words; not excepting very small ones, such as "Q
and tib; and admitting very rarely, if ever, two
words, joined together by maccaph, as one :
2dly, That such lines most commonly have only
three words, which often stand by themselves, and
also are not seldom intermixed with those of four :
and, 3dly, That both the lines of four words and
those of three are very frequently succeeded by a
line of only two words joined to them; usually by
the conjunction T, which comprehends an under
stood repetition of one or more of the terms of the
proposition in |he immediately preceding line; and
sometimes also by the force of some term in that

Vlll INTRODUCTION.
preceding line, the repetition of which term is to be
understood as introducing" the verse of two words.
To preserve the integrity of these rules, it is fur^
ther to be presumed ; that words of repetition, or
prosaical explanation, or of which ellipses are air
lowed by the language, or which do not materially
affect the sense, such as
rnrr ids, 'o, t\d, -mm, r\a, ~r>vb,
are, whenever the metre requires, to be considered
as interpolations, and removed from the text. On
the contrary, as some of these small words so often
appear, they may, in many cases, when the metre
demands, and the sense allows, be judged to have
fallen from the text, and be restored. It is hoped
that this will not be deemed intemperate criticism.
Among the lines, whose terms in English, con
sisting of several words, are distinguished by marks
of connection, by Bp. Lowth, three from Isaiah,
in p. xvi. of the Pielim. Dissert, (oct. ed. 1795)
contain, according to his lordship's reading of them,
five words each. The first ;
" And-unto ourrGod, for heraboundeth in-forgiveness," Ch. Iv. 7.
possesses a Q translated for, which is not parallel to
the l qf ^he same place and meaning in the imme
diately preceding line :

introduction: ix
" For he will receive him with compassion."
*The i therefore, in both lines, should seem equally
entitled to the place and sense of id, and have the
verb attached to it.
In the two other lines, from ch. liv. 4. 13 and for
might be, perhaps with no injury to the sense, alike
omitted in both languages.
The acknowledgment of Bp. Lowth, p. xlii. Pr,
Diss., that what he calls the half-pause, in his
long verses, " is sometimes so strong and so full in
" the middle of the line, that it seems naturally to
" resolve it into two short verses," &c. &c. almost
supersedes the necessity of discussing that question.
But a slight examination of the examples may per
haps settle the matter of the supposed long verses.
The first of these (p. xxxvi. ) may be divided, like
the sentences in pp. xxxii. xxxiii. in "pauses agree-
" able to the poetical rhythm, but such as the gram-
" matical construction does not require, and scarcely
" admits." " I-am the-man that-hathrseen
" Affliction, by-the-rod-of his-anger :

* Concerning the two Hebrew tenses, of which 1 has been
Considered as conversive, see Michaelis upon Lowth, ed. Oxon.
PP- 77—79.

X INTRODUCTION.
" He-hath-led me and-made-me-v*ajfc
" In-darkness, and-not in-light :
*' Even again turnetli-he against-me
" His-hand all the-day-long.
" He-hath-made-old my-flesh and-my-skin ;
" *AIso he-hath-brokcn my-bones.
" He-hath-built against-mc, and-hath-compassed
f tMe with-gall and^travail." Lamentation iii. 1.
The following line consists of but four words in
the original.
The other example from the first Lamentation
may thus be read :
" How doth-shersit solitary,
" The-city (hat-was-full-of people!" *
The two next lines consist of four words each in
the original. The following are naturally divided,
each into two verses of three words each. " She
" hath none to comfort her," metrically wants nvt
after n1? ]\\\
The last set of examples will in like manner ad
mit of the division of supposed long verses into
short. In the 7th, 8th, and 9th vv. of the xixth Ps.
* The metre here requires C3J.
f "b)f is requisite after fjp».

INTRODUCTION. Xl
there is an ellipse of the verb substantive, the in
sertion of which would make each line consist of
six words, that might be distributed into two verses
of threfe words each. The 10th v. has two lines,
each four words. The verses cited from Ps. cxliv.
may be divided in like manner, or by the like aid :
but, " our flocks bring forth," &c. is comprised in
four words ; and the last v., with the understand
ing of the verb substantive, or ~ra»tf, from v. 12., at
its commencement, may be divided into three verses,
the middle v. containing four words. In Ps. xxxi.
the verse, " Thou-wilt-hide-them," admits division
into two of three terms each; the force of that first
term being equal to its repetition in the latter verse:
as, Thou-wilt-hide-them " from-the-vexations-of man."
In Isaiah xiii. the Bishop?s first long verse consists
of six words, or two verses three words each. Tho
two next verses are three, one -of four words be
tween two of three each :
" A-sound-of the-iumult-of kingdoms :
" From-nations gathered-togcther Jehovali-of hosts
" Mustereth aa-army for-the-battle."
In the next line, the force of " They-eome" i«
continued to the second division; as,

XII INTRODUCTION.
They-come " from«the'end-of heaven."
Ch. xlii. 17. makes three verses :
" They-are-turned backward, they-are-utterly confounded,
" Who-trust in-the-graven-image, who-say
" Unto-the-moltenrimage, Ye-are our-gods."
Ch. xiv. 16, 17. had, previously to the sight of
Bp. Lowth's version, been thus divided and trans
lated :
iC They-shall-be-ashamed, and-even confounded :
" All-of-them together shall-retire :
" In-confusion the-makers-of idols.
" But-Israel shall-be-saved with-eternal salvation r
" Ye-shall-not-be ashamed, neither-shall-ye-be con-
" founded,
" To the-ages-of eternity."
The xliid and xliiid Psalms (Prel. Diss. p. xl.)
need not be read as long verses. In the first line of
v. 1 . *the abbreviation 7 might take place of 71>, and
OVJ7N at the end of both the 1st and 2d verses might
be esteemed an interpolation, the latter closing with
"PjEJ. In the 4th v. H7N or iTV might not have been
originally in the text. In the 5th and 6th vv. repeti-
* Peters on Job, 2d ed. p. 332.

INTRODUCTION. xiii
tioos of the first term are the implied introductions,
of the latter clauses of the lines. V. 8. p 71? may
be p7» V. 9. last line rmn may have fallen from
the text. V. 1 1 . Two lines of five terms each may
be divided into three, four, and three. V. 14. af-
fords a proof of the assertion respecting v. 6.
Ps. xliii. v. 3. the 2d 7tf may be omitted.
Psalm ci. (p. xli.) v. 4. may be read >yy7 H337.
End of v. 6, vjtf . Middle of v. 8. TT». M. of v. 9.
D2. V. 10. last line, transpose the words, like v. 4.
former line. V. 11. >3N after its first person, as at
the end of v. 6. *
The sublime ode of Isaiah in the xivtb chapter
may thus be distributed :
" How hath-ceased the-oppressor!"
How " hath-ceased the-bankress !
" Jehovah hath-broken the-staff-of the-wicked :"
He-hath-broken " the-sceptre-of the-rulers.
" He-who-smote the-peoples in-fury
" With-a-smiting never withdrawn ;
" Who-ruled in- wrath the-nations ;
" Is-himself-persecuted without stay.
" The-whole-earth is-at-rest, is-at-ease :
" They-burst-forth in-song, its-very fir-trees :
" They-express-joy concerning-thee, the-cedars-of he-
i( banon. c

XiV INTRODUCTION.
""Since thou -hast -been -prostrate; there -hath. -not
" ascended
" " Any-feller against-us." — Sheol from-beneath
" Is-moved because-of-thee, to-meet thy-coming :
" He-awaketh on-thy-account the-dead :
" All the-chiefs-of the-earth he-maketh-to-rise ;
" From-their-thrones all the-kings-of the-nations.
" All-of-them shall-accost-thee, and-shall-say unto-thee :
" " What ! art-thou become-weak as- we?
" " Art-thou-made-like unto-us? Brought-down to-
" " Sheol
(i " Is-thy-prosperity ? the-crash-of thy -joyous concerts?
" " Underneath-thee * is-vermin-to-crawl ? and-is-tke-
" " earth-worm to-cover-thee ?
" " How art-thou-fallen from-heaven !
" " O-Lucifer, Son-of the-morning !
" " Art-cut-down to-the-earth ; + thou-that-didst-subdue
"¦ a the-nations !
" ic Yet-thou didst-say in-thy-heart :
cc « I-will-ascend the-heavens ; yea-above
" " The-very-stars-of God I-will-exalt my-throne :
" " I-will-even-be-seated upon - a - mount - of appoint-
" " ment :
I-will-be-seated " " on-the-sides-of the-north :
" " I-will-ascend above-the-heighths-of the-clouds :

* W seems a gloss, and an intruder upon the metre.
¦\ !?y after this verb mars both sense and metre.

INTRODUCTION. XV
" I-will-be-like to-the-most-high ! — But,* unto-SHEOL
" Art-thou-come-down, unto tthe-sides-of the-pit.""
" They- who-see- thee shall-look-attentively at-thee :
They-shall- well-consider thee. " Is-this the-man
" Who-made-to-tremble the-earth; who-shook the-
" kingdoms;
" Who-made the-world like-a-desert ; even-its-cities
" Who-overturned ; who-loosed not Iris-captives:*;.
" All the-kings-of the-nations, all-of-them
" Lie-down in-glory, each in-his-own-sepulchre :
" But-thou art-cast-forth, that-no-one-should-bury-
" thee ;
" As-a-branch abominated, cloathed with-the-slain ;
" With-thc-transfixed by-the-sword, with-the-de-
" scenders §to-the-pit;
" As-a-carcase trodden. Thou-shalt-not be-joined
" With-them in-burial ; because thy-country
" Thou-hast-destroyed, thy-people thou-hast-slain.
" j| But-thy-children sh all-be- called, a-seed-of evil-
" doers."
" Prepare-ye for-his-children slaughter,
On-account-of-the-iniquity-of their-fathers ; that-they-
" may -not rise,
And-possess the-earth; and-fill
The-face-of the-world with-warriors.

* b for b«. f See Dr. Blayney on Jeremiah, p. 212.
$. niV5 an interpolation. § 'JIN bn an interpolation.

XVI INTRODUCTION.
" For.I-will^arise against-them ; and-I-will-cut-ofF from-
" Babylon
" The-name and-the-remnant, even-the-son and-the-
" posterity: <
" And-I-will-make-it an-inheritance for-the-porcupine :"
I-will-make-it " even-pools-of water :
," And-I-wiil-plunge-it in-the-miry-gulph-of destruc-
" tion."
It is conceived, as appeared also to Mr. D., that
this is the end of the ode on the fall of the king of
Babylon ; and that the four succeeding verses are a
prophecy, which was more speedily fulfilled in the
destruction of Sennacherib's army.
Of this ode, or of any Hebrew verses, it shall
not at present be imagined, that they bear any re
semblance to those of the Greeks, or of the Ro
mans : although, in these and in the preceding ar
rangement, the excellence of running one into the
other, and not concluding the sense with the end
of the line, equally exists. The poetic art of the
Hebrews was so chastised by nature, that, grasping
the sublime substantiality of things, they regarded
not at all times the accurate insertion of words and
syllables ; whose powers were therefore not the less
counted in the metre, and whose sense was not the
less supplied by the context. A remarkable in-

INTRODUCTION. XVli
stance of this is in the particle N7 not, whose force
is not confined to that member of a sentence in
which it is read, but is further extended : so that
wSiat in another language would appear an asser
tion following a negation, is a continued negation.
The advantage derived from this elliptical metre,
which seems to have reckoned entire words that it
suffered to be absent from it, was an elegant addi
tion to the agreeable variety of the verse. By it
there appeared to be a grateful intermixture of
lines, which occasionally broke, with happy effect,
the palling regularity : nor was a comparison
therefore to be drawn between these parts of the
compositions of the Hebrews, and the regular in
equalities of the Greek and Roman lyrists. The
poets of Judaea, it is apprehended, would have been
equally insensible to a likeness between their wri
tings and those of Pindar, as they would have been
superior to any recognition of iambics, anapaests,
and *paroemiacs.
Bp. Lowth's long verses in the Prophecy against
Sennacherib, Ch. xxxvii. v. 22. admit the follow-
lowing distribution.
* See Bp. Lowth's Prel. Diss. pp. ii. xli., as well as Bp,
Hare's hypothesis.

XV1U INTRODUCTION.
" Despised thee, derided thee
" Hath-t he- virgin, the-daughter-of Sion : after-thee
" Her-head hath-the-daughter-of Jerusalem shaken.
" The whom hast-thou-reproached, and-even-reviled ?
" And-against whom hast-tkou-exalted the-voice ?
" And-hast-lifted-up on-high thine-eyes ?
" *Even-against the-holy-one-of Israel.
' ' tBy-the-voice-of thy -messengers hast-thou-reproach-
" ed the-lord :
" " + By-the-multitude-of my-chariots have-I ascended
" " The-heighth-of the-mountains, the-sides-of Le-
" banon :
" " And-I-will-cnt-off the-stately-growth-of his-cedars,
" " The-choice-of his-fir-trees ; and-I-will-even enter
" " His-extreme retreats, his-richest forests.
" " I have-digged and-have-drunk waters:
" " And-I-have-dried with-the-soles-of my-feet
" " All the-§rivers-of embankment."
* Vrn.
f T3 By-the-hand-of.
¦$. The metre rejects IDNril.
§ Dr. Blayney conceives the meaning to be : "I have caused
" waters to be brought from afar in canals, which I have digged
" for the supply of mine army ; which was so numerous as to
'? dry up in their passage even such large rivers, as required a
" dyke or embankment to guard against their inundations. v
Notes on Jeremiah, p. 121.

INTRODUCTION. XIX
(ANSWER OF GOD.)
" Hast-thou-not heard it even-in-thy-distant-country?
" This-very-thing-have-I-done and-have-formed from-
" the-days-of old :
" Now have-I-broughtTit-to-pass, that-thou-shouldst-be
" to-lay-waste v
" * Flourishing nations, strongly-fenced cities.
" Therefore-were-their-inhabitants smail-of strength,
" they-were-dismayed ;
" They-were-even-ashamed ; they- were the-grass-of thc-
" field ;
"• And-tlje-green herb; the-grass-of tke-house-tops ;
" Even-the-corn-blasted before hvhath-grown-up.
" But-thy-sittr.ig-down, and-thy-going-out, and-thy-
" coming-in I-have-known ;
" And-also thy-rage against-me,
" Because thy-rage against-me, and-thy-insolence
" Is-comc-up into-mine-ears ; therefore-will-I-place my-
" hook
" In-thy-nose, and-my-bridle in-thy-jaws ; and-I-will-
" turn-thee-back
" By-the-way which thou-camest therein."
So much appears to have been left by Bp. Lowth
for future interpreters, that independently of the
ground of interpretation which is at present a.s-
* So Dr. Blayney, from fli. Notes on Jer. p. 220.

XX INTRODUCTION.
sumed, * improved readings of the text of Isaiah
might possibly be found sufficient to fill a distinct
publication. The Bishop gives examples of the use
of the parallelism, pp. xlviii — li. of the Preliminary
Dissertation ; and, in the following Appendix, it
is purposed to point out the further advantage of
a metrical arrangement throughout the text of
Isaiah; agreeably to the f rules already stated.
* Abp. Newcome's assertion concerning Bp. Lowth, in his
Preface to his Explanation of the Twelve Minor Prophets,
(p. xviii, Note,) cannot be universally admitted. ' His transla-
' tion represents the meaning of the original with great judgment
' and learning.'
f In the Rule ending p. viii. 1. 2. an instance of the former
junction is, Isaiah iii. 25 : in the latter rnetre of which are to
be understood the words from the former, * shall-fall by-the-
swordy comprehended in 1, even.
" Even thy-mighty-men in-the-battle.'' See Appendix, p. 32.
An instance of the latter is, Amos v. 3.
"The-city, which- sent-forth a-thousand, i.e. to captivity,
(The-city) " Shall-leave an-hundred."

P. xi. 1. 7. read; "our-flocks bringing-forth," &c.
At the bottom of the same page, " Jehovah-of hosts" is pre
ferred to Abp. Newcome's " Jehovah God of hosts." In
Amos iii. 13. the three words all occur together ; and there the
Abp. rightly explains the latter. When, as generally, the two
terms only occur, they might be rendered ; ' The-self-existent-
? of the-living.'

THE
PATRIARCHAL BLESSINGS
OF
ISAAC UPON JACOB,
GENESIS XXVII. 28 :
AND OF
JACOB UPON HIS TWELVE SONS,
GENESIS. XJJX. 2.

THE BLESSING O
GENES

Vejit-te'n lecha ha-E'-lo-him
Mit-tal hasch-scha-ma-jim,
U-misch-ma-ne ha-a-retz,
Verabh da-ghan vethi-rosch.
Ja-chgabh-dhu-cha chgam-mim,
Vaj-jisch-ta-hhu lecha leum-mim.
Ho-veh ghebhir lee-hhaj-cha,
Vaj-jisch-ta-hha-vu lecha
Bene im-mecha.

METRICAL ANALYSIS.
The blessings of Isaac and of Jaeob, as Bp. Lowth and oth(
scholars have determined, are very antient prophetical poems : i
which, and in others of the same nature, as he observes, the con
position of the thoughts principally consists in a certain equalit
and resemblance, or parallelism, of the members of any period
so that generally in two members, things correspond with thing
and words with words, as if they were purposely measured and r<
ciprocally paired. This construction, he adds, admits many di
grees of parallel and much variety ; so that sometimes accurac
and perspicuity of parallel prevail, at other times it is more loos
and obscure.
Of the three divisions of this construction, according to Bf
Lowth, the synonymous, the antithetic, and the synthetic parallel
the blessings of Isaac upon Jacob, and of Jacob upon his twelv
sons, seem to have been composed.

ISAAC UPON JACOB.
xxvn. as.
May God to thee the dew of heav'n assign !
From the earth's fatness store of corn and wine^l

People serve thee ! to thee may nations, bow !
Lord of thy mother's bending sons be thou I

METRICAL ANALYSIS.
The blessing of Isaac upon Jacob* commences with three pairs
of synthetic parallels curiously disposed ; the first, fourth, and
sixth lines consisting of each three measures, of which the last of
the first and of the sixth lines are subjects, the rest predicates :
and, the second, third, and fifth having only two measures each; of
which the last of the fifth line is a subject, the others all predicates.
The metre is not regulated by the measures ; but its construction is
not less involved, or less regularly irregular. For instance, the first
line and the sixth correspond in being nine syllables each in three
words each ; the second and fifth in being six syllables each in two
words each ; and the two intermediate lines in being seven sylla
bles each, the former in two words, the latter in three.
To these succeed a pentacolon of antithetico-synthetic parallels ;
* See the metrical analysii of Jacob's blessing upon Reuben.

THE BLESSING OF

O'-re-cha. a-rur,
U-me-bha-ra-che-cha, ba-ruch.

METRICAL ANALYSIS.
the first line consisting of three measures, a copula, a subject, ani
a predicate ; the four following of two measures each, first, tw
praedicates ; second, third, and fourth, a subject and a prsedicat
each. The first and the last line have each eight syllables, the foi
mer in three words, the latter in two ; the second line consists c
seven syllables in two words : the third and fourth lines consist c
five syllables each in two words each ; reading yfiN in the contra<
tion, which the language admits and the metre requires.

ISAAC UPON JACOB.

Themselves thy cursers' curses all shall meet :
And blessings shall thy blessers ever greet

This translation, particularly of the two last lines,
is not conceived preferable to that which imitates the
concise brevity of the original : " Cursed be every one
" that curseth thee; and blessed be he that blesseth
" thee." Isaac's blessing is also perspicuous : but, Jacob's
blessing the present translator of it has for more than
thirty years wished to see cleared from its various ob
scurities ; a task which he has himself now attempted.

THE BLESSING OF JACOB GENESIS
Hik-kabh-tzu' usch-ma-chgu bene Ja-chgakobh,
Usch-ma-chgu leJis-ra-el eth a-bhi-chem.
Ra-av-ban becho-ri at-ta,
Co-hhi veri-scho-nith o-ni,
Je-ther seeth veje-ther chgoz.
Pa-hhaz cam-ma-jim al to-thar,
Ci chgal-li-tha misch-cabh a-bhi-cha,
A'z hhil-lal-ta jetzu-chgaj chgo-leh.
METRICAL ANALYSIS.
The introduction to the blessing of Jacob upon his twelve sons
consists of a pair of synthetic parallels of four measures each ; the
former line, two praedicates and two subjects ; the latter, a subject,
'32 or OfiM, comprehended in the sense of the conjunction with
which the line commences, a predicate, a subject, and a predicate.
Reading the latter line according to the variety of two MSS. of
the Samaritan copy, (Ed. Blayney, Oxon. 1790.) and with the
insertion of fiN the sign of the accusative case, the parallels con
sist of eleven syllables each in four words each, one of which is
the subject comprehended in the sense of the conjunction.
The blessing of Jacob upon Reuben consists, first, of a pair of
synthetic parallel lines, or lines parallel principally in their con
struction; the first line of which is composed, according to Aza-
riah, (Lowth, de Sacra P. Hebr. ed. oct. p. 263.) of three mea
sures ; not syllables, feet, or , words ; but parts of a proposition,
thoughts, or things. The measures of this line are the subject,

UPON HIS TWELVE SONS.
XLIX. 2.
Assemble ye, my sons, and Jacob hear :
E'en to your father Israel give ear.
Reuben, first-born of this my honour'd train !
Strength of my youth ! my manhood's prime maintain:
Excel as I excell'd ; my valor prove :
* But shun the wand'rings of incestuous love ;
Which to thy father's couch his Reuben led,
And fix'd thy footsteps foul upon my bed.
* Thou shall not excel ; the common translation of the original
is inconsistent with Moses's blessing of Reuben, Deuteronomy
xxxiii. 6. Let Reuben live and not die ; and let not his men be fear.
The marginal translation, Excel not thou, is therefore preferable.
The Alexandrine version is ; Boil not over, like water that overflows
its banks: the meaning of which figurative language the present
translator has endeavoured to express. Jacob's blessing was un
mixed ; only that in the words "imn bn a gentle reproof com
mences. They seem to require and admit the interpretation ; Thou
didst not then excel, or, it was not well done in thee, tvby 'D when
thou wentest up.
That Pole, Bp. Patrick, and other modern expositors are not
quoted, is to be attributed to the situation of the translator, who
had them not in his reach to consult.

METRICAL ANALYSIS. •
the predicate, and the copula. The second line also consists of
three measures, which make it synthetically parallel to the firsts
and these measures are three more predicates. But, as the middle
predicate, which is also the middle-word, of the second line, is syn-

8 THE BLESSING OF JACOB
Scha-machg-on veLe-vi a-hhim^
Cele hha-mas bim-ghu-ra-hem.
Besodh-am al ta-bhoi naph-schi,
Bik-hal-am al te-hhad cebho-dhi,
Ci bheap-pam hara-ghu isch,
U-bhir-tzo-nam chgik-kru schor.

METRICAL. ANALYSTS.
onymous with the predicate, which is the middle word, of the first
line ; and as the first predicate of the second line is, although less
clearly, synonymous with the subject of the first line ; without
imagining any resemblance between the last words of each line,
the two lines may be considered as partaking something of the syn
onymous parallel. Each line has eight syllables in three words,
reading only Veri-scho-nith, for Vere-schith.
The blessing upon Reuben, previously to the admonition, con
cludes with a line, with which the first line of the admonition is
antithetically parallel ; but which, in itself, contains two members
synonymously parallel with each other. It has four measures, all
praedicates ; the third of which is conjunctively connected with the
two preceding, and is the same with the first : the second and
fourth are nearly of the same import. The line consists of eight
syllables in four words : in which respects the first line of the ad
monition is also synthetically parallel with it.
The first line of the admonition consists of four measures ; or
two praedicates, a copula, and a predicate ; together with the last
line of the blessing, it constitutes a pair of antithetic parallels ; of
which the antithesis, or opposition in the sense, is evident.
The admonition concludes with a pair of synonymous parallels ;
which also are synthetical, of four measures each, all praedicates :
and the lines would consist of nine syllables each in four words
each, If it might be allowed to read asttto misch-cabh in-the singu
lar number.
Of the admonition upon Simeon and Levi the first two lines are

UPON HIS TWELVE SONS. 9
The brothers Simeon and Levi drew
The treach'rous sword, the stranger-friends that slew.
No league with them my safety could secure :
No seat near them mine honour could endure.
Their rage bade Shalem mourn its manhood slain;
* Bade know the barren womb the cruel stain.
* The Alexandrine version ; svsvpoYjTrr)tra.v taopov. Simeon and
Levi had made every womb of the Shechemites of Shalem locally
barren. The Hebrew scholar will recognise a literality of translation
in this, and also in the second line of the admonition upon Simeon
and Levi ; who were actually blessed in the two last lines, or at least
foretold what should befal them in the latter, or after, days. The
xxxivth chapter contains the story of the Shechemites of Shalem,
first introduced in the 18th verse of the preceding chapter.

METRICAL ANALYSIS.
a pair of synthetic parallels, consisting of each three measures ;
each two subjects and a predicate : and with the reading of
Qfl'lJaa in their alien dwellings, each line would have eight sylla
bles in three words.
The second two lines are synthetic parallels strongly partaking
of the synonymous, and mutually identical in their prefixes, affixes,
and copulas. Each has four measures; a predicate, a copula, a
predicate, and a subject : each nine syllables in four words ; with
tjie reading of 'Man, 2. f. s. fut. Kal.
The third two lines are synonymous parallels, strongly partaking
of the synthetic resemblance : they consist of each four measures,
reckoning as one the causal conjunction with which the first line
commences, and also , the connective conjunction corresponding
thereto, and comprehending it, in the second ; the measures all
praedicates. The prefixes and affixes are identical in each. They
are each seven syllables in four words, reckoning the conjunctions
as words, and not accounting the scheva in bheap-pam as a syllable.
The fourth and fifth distichs are pairs of synonymo-synthetic
parallels. The first pair consists of four measures in each line,
reckoning the conjunction of the two lines as a measure. They
c

10 THE BLESSING OF JACOB
A-rur ap-pam ci chgaz-az,
Vechgebh-ra-tham ci ka-schtha,
Ahhal-lekem beJa-chgakobh,
Vaa-pitzem bejis-ra-el.
Jehu-dha at-ta, jo-dhu-cha a-hhi-cha,
Jadh-cha bechgo-reph o-jebh,
Jisch-ta-hha-\u lecha bene a-bhi-cha.
Cegur ar-je Jehu-dha,
Met-reph be-ni chgal-li-tha.
Ca-rachg, ra-bhatz, cear-je,
Vecela-bhi mi ja-ki-mnu.
Lo ja-sur sche-bhet ml'-hu-dha,
U-mehho-kik mib-ben dag-lav,

METRICAL ANALYSIS.
are identical in their affixes and causal conjunctions. The second
pair consists of two measures in each line : the connective conjunc
tion not reckoned, as in the preceding distich ; because it does not,
as in that, comprehend an already mentioned part of a proposition.
The prefixes and affixes of each line mutually correspond. The
measures of both distichs are all predicates. The first pair con
tains seven syllables each line in four words each ; reckoning the
conjunction as a word, and doubling the zain, which concludes the
preceding line. The latter distich has each line eight syllables in
two words.
The blessing upon Jiidah commences with a seeming tricolon,
consisting of synthetic parallels strongly partaking of the synony
mous, which the whole of the third line and the latter half of the
first line are with each other. The difference from either in the
construction of the second line, the breach that it makes between
the synonym parallels, its ill-placed interruption of the sense of
them, its better introduction of, and agreement with, the proposi-

UPON HIS TWELVE SONS. 11
No father's blessing owns their ruthless hate :
No friendly deeds their madness could abate.
In Jacob's tribes be, Simeon, thy place;
Through Israel be scatter'd Levi's race.
Judah is * Praise : thy brethren thee shall praise :
Thou o'er thy flying foes thine hand shalt raise :
To thee, their lord, thy father's sons shall bow.
Judah, a lion's whelp ! a victor thou,
My son, ascendest from the mangled prey.
See him, in age mature, couch, stretch, and play ;
And now, a mighty king, his foes defy.
From Judah's tribe the sceptred majesty
Shall ne'er depart ; nor one to teach the code,
His -j- banners from between, the law of God;
* The meaning of the word Judah.
f The Samaritan copy here proves a change of the similar let
ters 1 and 1. The adoption of the latter best supports the sense.

METRICAL ANALYSIS.
tions in the lines beyond them, and the exact correspondence of its
metre with those ulterior lines, all induce a suspicion that it is
transposed, and should change places with the third line. The tri-
colon would thus be destroyed, and a pair of synonymo-syn-
thetic parallels would arise, consisting of four measures each ; the
former line, a subject with a predicate comprehended in it, a
copula, a predicate, and a subject ; the latter line two praedicates,
a subject, and a predicate. The parallels have each eleven sylla
bles in four words. '
Prefixing the second line of the supposed tricolon to the three
ulterior lines, they constitute two pairs of synthetic parallels, of
three measures each : the first, a subject, and two praedicates ; the
second, two predicates, and a subject; the third, a predicate,

12 THE BLESSING OF JACOB
Chgadh ci ja-bho Schi-16,
Vel-16 jik-khath chgam-mim.
O-seri leghe-phen cbgi-ro,
Ul-sre-ka. be-ni atho-no,
Cib-bes baj-ja-jin lebhu-scho,
U-bhedham chga-na-bhim su-tho.
Hhach-li-li chge-na-jim mij-ja-jin,
U-lebhen schin-na-jim me-hha-labh.

METRICAL ANALYSIS.
a subject, and a praedicate ; the fourth, three predicates. Read
ing ^N in the first line, (as in Deut. xxxii. 42. and xxxiii. 27.) and
T)Jd in the second, each line consists of seven syllables in three
words. The sense of these pairs is closed by a line which, with the two
that follow it, forms a tricolon of synthetic parallels, of four mea
sures each ; of which the conjunctions commencing the first and
the tljird line are each one : the former standing for fill, and the
latter for s!>1, ,as above in the censure upon the anger of the bro
thers 1 is in one place for »31, in another for iTVflHI. The first line
consists of two praedicates, a subject, and a praedicate ; the second
line of precisely the same ; which indicates a metrical connection
of the two lines : the third is, a praedicate, a subject, and two
praedicates. The tricolon affords eight syllables each line in four
words each ; of which the conjunctions are each one, because they
are substitutes for already mentioned parts of propositions.
This part of the blessing upon Judah closes with a pair of syn
thetic parallels of four measures each, reading iVi for lis »21, for which
it stands : and thus the lines are six syllables each in four words
each. The first parallel consists of three praedicates and a subject :
the second, of two praedicates, a subject, and a praedicate.
The latter part of the blessing upon Judah contains three pairs
of parallels : the first pair synthetico-synonymous ; the second pair
synonymo-synthetic ; and the hist pair purely synthetic. Each line
has three measures. The conjunctions commencing the second

UPON HIS TWELVE SONS. 13
Till peaceful *Shiloh's tranquil reign arrive,
And to the gather'd world new precepts give.
The unprun'd vine his infancy sustains ;
His youthful labour f richer juices gains:
From his wash'd robes wine's purple streams distil ;
His clothes the grapes with blood nectareous fill.
Yet mock the sparkling wine his eyesj more bright;
And more than milk his polish'd teeth are white.
* Of the meaning of the words Schi-16, and Sche-bhet above, no
thing new is to be written. But the late learned Dr. Geddes's in
terpretation of the former is considered in the concluding note. The
latter some interpret, tribe: but the greater part agree in understand
ing it to signify sceptre: which Mr. Bryant (Authenticity of the Scrip
tures, pp. 69. sequ . ) thought denoted the theocracy, and not the human
royalty. The general exposition of Schi-16 is, the king Messiah, the
son of Judah ; from rriW, to be tranquil, or, to bring forth.
f The word nplttf, attempted to be expressed by richer jtiices,
occurs Isaiah v. 2. in the masculine, and in the translation is theie
rendered, " the choicest vine ;" which Dr. Stock, bishop of Kil-
lalla, in a new translation of Isaiah, restores in the place of " the
vine of Sorek" (Bp. Lowth on Isaiah, p., 58. 8vo ed. 1795); and
to which he subjoins the follpwing note, partly from Bp. Ljwth :
" The vine of Sorek; the grape of Burgundy, we should say in Europe.
" Sorek was a valley lying between Ascalon and Gaza, and running
" far up eastward into the tribe of Judah. It was famous for its
" generous winesj and probably took its appellation frem the golden
" or tawny colour of the wine, which the word plttf implies."
J In the two last lines of the blessing upon Judah, D prefix
of comparison is in the translation preferred to D preposition.
The royalty of the tribe of Judah is first foretold, and occasions
his father's comparison of him with the king of beasts. So, Isaiah
xxix. 1. Ariel, the lion of God, is, Jerusalem. The latter part of
the blessing seems to be a short indication of the early occupation
of the tribe, succeeded by the evidences of its future greatness
and splendour.

METRICAL ANALYSIS.
and fourth line, not emphatically attaching; to them the already
mentioned parts of the propositions, make not separate measures,
as in preceding instances. The measures are all praedicates in the
two first pairs : in each line of the last pair a subject stands be.

Ii THE BLESSING OF JACOB
Zebhu-16n jam-mim jisch-con,
Vehu lehhoph onij-joth,
Vejar-ca-tho chgal Tzi-don.
Jesch-sa-char hhamor ga-rem,
Ra-bhatz ben ham-ma-schephat4a-jiro.
Vaj-jar menu-hint ci tobh,
Veeth ha-a-retz ci na-chge-jna.
Vaj-jet schich-mo leseb-el,
Va-jhi lemis-sa chgo-bhed.
Dhan ja-dhin chgam-mo ha-hu,
Ca-hhadh schibh-te Jis-ra-el.
Dhan na-hhasch chga-le dhe-rech,
Schephi-phon chga-le o-rahh,

METRICAL ANALYSIS.
tweer» two praedicates. The two first pairs afford, each line eight
syllables in three words ; the third pair nine syllables each line in
three words each.
The blessing upon Zebulon consists of a tricolon of synthetic
parallels, of each three measures, all predicates but the first
word, which is the name or subject : each line has seven syllables
in three words. The former lehhoph is omitted as a gloss.
The blessing upon Issachar consists of three pairs of synthetic
parallels: the first and the last pairs have three measures each line;
the middle pair four in each line : the conjunction commencing die
latter line of this pair comprehends the verb, with which the pre
ceding commences ; and therefore forms a measure, as in instances
before noticed. After the first word, which is the name or sub
ject, they are all praedicates. The metre of the two first pairs is
alternate ; the first line of each pair containing seven syllables, the
former in three words, the latter in four ; the last line of each pair
nine syllables, the former in three words, die latter in four. The

UPON HIS TWELVE SONS. 15
Zebulon's peopled ports the sea surround :
The ships with him a harbour safe have found ;
To Zidon's distant shores his trade extends.
*In ease his bony joints Issachar bends:
For when he view'd the sweetness of his rest,
With rich fertility his pastures blest ;
The labour of the shepherd-life he chose,
And serv'd, and paid a tribute for repose.
A tribe of Israel not least in might,
Dan shall f maintain his people's equal right.
$ He, the low adder, thwart the path shall glide,
His vengeance aiming by the highway-side :
* Mtchaelis's interpretation of this passage is adapted. The ass
is considered to be an emblem of labour, as in the blessing upoa
Judah. The word commonly translated the two burthens is rather
understood to signify literally, the sheep-troughs, and figuratively
to indicate a pastoral life. Mich, in Lowth, ed. Oxon. 1763- p, 145.
f Joshua xix. 47. and Judges xviii. 1.
j The situation of the tribe of Dan .was adapted to intercepl;
the retreat of the Amalekites, or southern invaders, from their un
successful invasions of the Israelites. In this prophecy also the
achievements of Sampson may have been obscurely comprehended.

METRICAL ANALYSIS.
last pair consists of seven syllables each, in three words each, read
ing riDD^. Five MSS. of the Samaritan copy give Dinl".
The blessing upon Dan appears to consist of three pairs of pa
rallels : the first and last synthetic ; the middle synonymo-synthe-
tic. Reading Minn at the end of the first line, and omitting >n* at
the beginning of the third, every line has three measures, ;all
praedicates, exclusive of the name or subject,' with which each of
the two first parallels commences. The name is necessary to
each of these lines for the accomplishment of seven syllables in

16 THE BLESSING OF JACOB
Han-na-schach chgak-kebhe sus,
Vaj-jap-pil rach-bho a-hhor.
Li-schu-chga-the-cha kiv-vi-thi Jeho-va.
Gadh gedhudh jeghu-dhen-nu,
Vehu ja-ghudh ba-chgakebh.
MA-schur schme-na lahh-mo,
Vehu jit-ten chge-dhen.
Niph-ta-li ajja-la scha-la,
Han-no-then im-mere sche-pher.
Jo-seph bin po-rath chgal chga-jin,

METRICAL ANALYSIS.
each line ; which every other of the lines contains in three words
each, and these in three words each besides the name.
The single line of exclamation seems to be a rest of the divinely-
inspired prophet and poet from his prophecy, and an expression of
his having waited for the help of God to enable him to proceed in
it. They, to whom with the translator it shall not so appear,
may substitute, for the line in the translation, the following :
In thy salvation, Lord, I hope to live !
To seVen sons the future destinies of their tribes had teen fore
told : and to five the prophecy remained to be delivered. The in
vocation of the antient Hebrew poet is imitated in such lines as the
following :
" Nunc age, qui reges, Erato," &c. Virgil. JEn. vii. 37.
The line, independently of the interpretation already given, may
also refer to die expected deliverance from the Philistine power, by
the hands, first of Sampson, and afterwards of David.
The blessing upon Gad consists of a pair of synthetic parallels ;
which resemble, in alliteration, the commencement of the blessing
upon Judah. Each line contains diree measures, all predi
cates excepting the first. They have seven syllables each in three

UPON HIS TWELVE SONS. 17
Too soon the horse shall feel the mortal wound,
And leave his rider prostrate on the ground.
Aid to my flagging verse, Jehovah, give !
The harass'd Gad * Gessura's troops shall drive.
The richest food shall Asher'sf marts afford,
And with his dainties spread each royal board.
Like the J prolific hind, a num'rous race
Of goodly form thee, Nephtali, shall grace.
From Joseph's fruitful tree shall rise a shoot,
Fix'd in the § centre of the land its root ;
* Josh. xiii. 13. Gad was to be subject to depopulation; but he
in turn was to depopulate or cut off the rear of the retreating in
vader. Isaiah Iii. 4. concluding metre, may hence receive correc
tion; :l3j?jn Ml niWMl, To Assyria they have gone last oj all.
f Tyre and Sidon.
j iinbtl? interpreted, the hind of tmission, or the prolific, corre-
*ponds with the Alexandrine version of 'IDS race: but, see the Ana
lysis of the Metre.
§ The tribe of Ephraim and one half tribe of Manasseh were
placed in the centre Of the land west of Jordan, having four tribes
north and four tribes south of them : Reuben, Gad, and the other
half tribe of Manasseh were east and beyond Jordan ; the west wai
the sea. It should seem therefore that pjf might bear the interpre
tation of an eye, or a centre. The border of Ephraim stretched
towards Jerusalem, which was in the land of the tribe of Benjamin.,
From the antient interpretation the present translator wished not
greatly to depart : otherwise he could have imagined, that the
means of Jacob's distinct blessing upon Ephraim and Manasseh
(ch. xlviii. 16.) that they should " be like fish for multitude in the
«' midst of the land," are here foretold in words of this import,
that every Ephraimite should have children, and no Ephraimitish wo
man be without a husband.

METRICAL ANALYSIS.
^ words each : if both the sense and the metre may plead for the
reading of either the praeposition 3, or else WpJJ, in the latter line.
The blessing upon Asher is a pair of synthetico-synonymous
parallels, consisting of three measures each, all praedicates but the
D

IS THE BLESSING OF JACOB
Ba-noth tza-chgadha chga-le schor.
Vaj-mar-ru-hu vera-bhu,
Vaj-jis-tom-hu ba-chga-le hhitz-tzim.
Vat-te-schebh be-than kasch-to,
Va-ja-phoz-zu zero-chge ja-dhav,
Mi-dhe a-bhir Ja-chgakobh,
Mis-sam ro-chge e-bhen Jis-ra-el.
Me-el a-bhi-cha . vaj-jachg-zer-cha,
Veeth schad-daj vi-bhar-che-cha,
Bir-choth scha-ma-jim me-chgal,
Bir-choth tehom ro-bhe-tzeth ta-hhath,
Bir-choth scha-dha-jim va-ra-hham.

METRICAL ANALYSIS.
first ; if, as the metre seems to require, and the translator proposes,
pi> be substituted for "]bu ^1J>n, which appears to have been a gloss
upon it. The lines would thus contain six syllables each in three
words each.
The blessing upon Nephtali is a pair of synthetic parallels, con
sisting of three measures each, all praedicates but the first. The
end of the first line, as the metre requires, T\bti> contracted of rrbbttf
aberrans, or niw tranquilla, or pariens, is proposed to be read in
stead of nnbu?. Thus each line would be eight syllables in three
words. In the commencement of the blessing upon Joseph, the Aldine
edition of the Alexandrine version favours the reading which the
translator would propose, and the metre requires ; which consti
tutes, with the following line, a pair of synthetic parallels, of four
measures each, exclusive of the name at the commencement
of the first line, whose four last measures are all praedicates. The

UPON HIS TWELVE SONS. 19
Whose branches, Salem, to thy walls shall tend :
At him their bows shall * skilful archers bend ; -
With him wage bitter war, him dog with hate.
But see his bow in strength unslacken'd wait ;
And by his well-strung arms his hands sustain'd :
His arms the f strong of Jacob's hands have gain'd ;
Upholden by his hands who Isr'el J fed,
The hands of him who pillow'd Isr'el's head.
Yes, thee thy father's God of strength shall aid ;
Of thee th' Almighty's blessings shall not fade :
Blessings descending from the dewy skies ;
The blessings from the couching deep that rise :
The blessings of the ever-flowing paps
Into the ever-full maternal laps.
* The authors of the quarrel, or masters of divisions, or the
Manassites of Gilead, who took the passages of Jordan, when for
ty-two thousand of Ephraim fell, may here have been preindi-
cated. Judges xii. 1 — 6.
•j- Ps,alm cxxxii. 2. and Isaiah xlix. 26. and Ix. 16.
j Gen. xlviii. 15. But the original was probably, J2M5 JMBtPO
j^Mlty, By him whose voice was heard by Israel at the stone.
Gen. xx viii. 18.
METRICAL ANALYSIS.
second line consists of a subject and three praedicates. The lines
are of eight syllables each in four words each besides the name.
Next follow three pairs of synthetic parallels in alternate me
tre, containing three measures in each line ; the conjunction, which
commences the first, and seems a substitute for P]DV1, being reckon
ed as one measure, and JIM rrjri (if a right reading) in the last line
being also taken together as one. The first pair thus consists of a
subject, and two praedicates, and of a praedicate, a subject, and a prae
dicate ; the second pair, of all praedicates ; the third pair, of a prae
dicate and two subjects, and of a praedicate and two subjects. The
three first alternate lines consist of seven syllables each in three
words each, the substitute conjunction being considered as one j the

20 THE BLESSING OF JACOB
Bir-choth a-bhi-cha ga-bheru,
Chga-le bir-choth ho-raj,
Chgadh ta-a\ath gibh-chg6th chgo-lam,
Tih-jen lerosch Jo-seph,
U-lekodh-kodh nezir e-lihav.

Bin-ja-min zeebh jit-roph,

METRICAL ANALYSIS.
three last alternate lines have nine syllables each in three words
each, the middle two of the last line being taken together as one.
To these succeed three pairs of synthetico-synonymous parallels,
of three measures each, the two last words of the fourth line being
considered as one, The first pair consists of a subject and two
•praedicates, and a praedicate, a subject, and a praedicate: DM1 is for
bn riHDl. The three following lines are all praedicates ; and the
last is a subject and two praedicates. In the metre, the first line of
the first pair and the last of die second correspond, being nine syl
lables each in three words each ; the two last words of the latter
line being taken together as the verb and its adverb : and in like
manner, the last line of the first pair and the first of the second
agree in being seven syllables each in three words each, DMl being
considered as but one syllable. The third pair is composed of eight
syllables each in three words each.
The blessing upon Joseph is concluded by two pairs of synthetic
parallels in alternate metre. The first line of each pair consists of
three measures ; the last of each four measures, all praedicates, die
conjunction of thelast line comprehending the substantive verb of
the preceding. The first alternate lines, reading ^i), in superimi-
tatibus (benedictionum genitoris mei,) consist of six syllables each
in three words each : the last, of eight syhables each in four words
each. The blessing upon Benjamin is delivered in an irregular tricolon

UPON HIS TWELVE SONS. 21
Thy race thy father's blessings sure shall find ;
With * Isaac's mighty blessing mine combin'd.
To his fthe lasting hills shall be the bound ;
Which the whole land of all my sons surround :
Let mine, upon the brow of Joseph shed,
Amongst his brethren mark his favour'd head.
|"Son of my days ! thy sons, the wolves of war,
Shall smell the scent of carnage from afar.
* Gen. xxvii. 28.
f The country, which was to be possessed by the twelve tribes,
was surrounded with hills and the sea. The whole of this land
was comprehended in the blessing of Isaac upon Jacob. It was
about 250 English miles long, and about 100 broad.
X Son of my old age, or length of days; the meaning of the
word Benjamin, according to some: but others interpret it, son
of my right hand. The Benjamites seem to have been designed for
a tribe of soldiers, to protect Jerusalem and the temple, placed in
the centre of the land allotted to them. They are here foretold as
the pursuers of "kings and their armies," who "fled and were dis
comfited," leaving spoil to be divided amongst the women of Jeru
salem who tarried at home. Ps. lxviii. 12. Thus also Ps. lxxx. 2. :
" Before Ephraim, and Benjamin, and Manasseh ;" whose posteri
ty possessed Jerusalem and the neighbouring country.
The great defeats of the Ammonites and of the Philistines by
the Benjamites, Saul and Jonathan, (1 Sam. xi. 11. and xiv. 31.)
may in this conclusion of the prophecy have been foretold : as the
achievements of Joshua, the Ephraimite, and of Gideon and Jeph
tha, of Manasseh, might have been in the blessing upon Joseph ;
the triumph of Barak and the men-of Nephtali, widi their neigh
bours of Zebulon, the people who " willingly offered themselves,"
(Judges v. 2.) in the blessing upon Nephtafi ; the exploits of Samp
son in that upon Dan, and of David in that upon Judah.
But, if so much war is predicted throughout this prophecy,
what becomes of the " peaceful prosperity," the rendering of the
word Shiloh by the late Dr. Geddes? and which he supposed
to have existed when the tabernacle was set up at Shiloh, and to

METRICAL ANALYSIS.
of antithetic parallels, consisting of three measures each, all prae
dicates but the first. The first line, which has seven syllables in

22 THE BLESSING OF JACOB
Baho-ker jo-chel chgadh,
Vela-chge-rebh je-hha-lek scha-lal.
have given name to that city; not seeming to recollect, that Shiloh
was in the portion of the tribe of Ephraim, not of Judah, — and
diat^ the ark went thence with the Israelites to batde in the last"
days of Eli, and was taken by the Philistines. 1 Sam. Iv. 11.
That the tabernacle set up at Shiloh was an " occurrence relative
to die tribe of Judah," (Geddes, Critical Remarks upon the Pen
tateuch,) is contradicted in thelxxviiith Psalm,v. 60 — 69. "He for-
" sook the tabernacle of Shiloh, the tent he placed among men :
" and delivered his strength (meaning the same tabernacle or ark)
*' into captivity," to the Philistines, " and his glory into the ene-
" mies' hand. Moreover, he refused the tabernacle of Joseph,"
&c. i. e. he allowed not that the tabernacle should again be at
Shiloh in the tribe of Ephraim : " but chose the tribe of Judah,"
in which it continued at Kirjath-jearim many years, after having
been brought thither by the Philistines ; and chose ".the mount
Zion which he loved," and to which in the tribe of Benjamin
David conducted it.

METRICAL ANALYSIS.
three words, may be referred, in its metrical construction, to the
line, Bir-choth scha-ma-ji'm me-chgal :
the second, having six syllables in three words, answers to
Tih-jen lerosch Jo-seph :
and the last, nine syllables in three words, also corresponds with
the line of the same description that most nearly precedes it.
The antithesis is not only between "ba-bo-ker" and " vela-chge-_
rebh," but also between " zeebh jo-chel chgadh" and " Bin-ja-
min je-hha-lek scha-lal."

Thus has an analysis of the metre in the Blessings
of Isaac and of Jacob been attempted, upon the plan
of Azariah, whom Bp. Lowth quoted, and whose

UPON HIS TWELVE SONS. S3

Them to the prey the early dawn shall guide ;
And the rich spoil at night they shall divide.

system, in addition to his own, it might have been
expected that he would have adopted and pursued in
his Praslections, and even more "than he has done in
the Preliminary Dissertation to his Translation of
Isaiah : especially as he descended to the confutation
of the hypothesis of Bp. Hare ; among whose canons.
that of the indifference in the quantity of Hebrew sylla
bles, appears to the present translator to be alone pro
bable. It is scarcely to be doubted, that Isaac, Jacob,
Moses, and succeeding writers of Hebrew verse, were
unconstrained by any of the metres and rules, which
-were a long time after them observed by the Greek
grammarians. It may be imagined, that the Hebrew
vowels and syllables were all , originally and usually
long ; but that, as euphony or metre required, short
syllables were also introduced by the help of schevata.
Exactness of correspondence, however, in the quan
tity, between a certain number of syllables contained
in one line, and a like number constituting its pa
rallel, would, it may be esteemed, have been a mi
nuteness of accuracy, beneath the dignity of poets,
whose materials were not words, but things. He also
might have been chargeable with minuteness, who
should have brought forward the times of individual syl
lables, according to the Masoretic points and accents,
by which to the shortest syllable are attributed two
times, and to the longest five. Nor would he therebj

24 THE BLESSING OF JACOB
have gained any other advantage than an additional
impeachment of the authority of those points and ac
cents; or, an impeachment of Azariah's metrical sy
stem : for, measuring the two short lines of five syl
lables each at the end of the blessing of Isaac, it
would have been found, that in points and accents
the former line contained eleven times only, and the
latter fifteen. The difference is lost in the two short
or schevatcd syllables of the former of the lines,
which, in their Roman characters, according to
Bythner's mode, are joined to the immediately sub
sequent consonant, without any intervening bar. In
each of these syllables two times are lost; or rather
neither of them has a single time, and in that respect
they are not considered as syllables. For his having,
therefore, omitted such an augmentation of the pre
sent small work, it is believed that the reader will
readily excuse the translator of the blessings of the
Patriarchs. Enough may have been written by him respecting
them to evince, that they are metrical compositions
of no inconsiderable regularity, displaying embel
lishments peculiar to the prophetic style of the sacred
language, and rich with the native colours of antient
Hebrew poetry. Divinely indited, and possessing the
importance of comprehending in them the sublimest
interests, not only of the Israelitish nation, but of
the human race, it is not to be doubted that they were
religiously preserved in the memories of the first
princes and w ise men of the respective tribes, and ai
religiouslv committed to writing by the sacred histo-

DP0N HIS TWELVE SONS. S3
rian, in the very words in which they were to him
communicated. ,
Isaac's blessing having been short, and delivered
under peculiar circumstances to the future author of
a much more extensive and important blessing, was
not readily to be forgotten, even in the smallest part
of it, by his distinguished son ; who doubtless taught
it to each of his twelve sons in their early youth, and
thus transmitted the remembrance of it undiminished
and unimpaired to his posterity ; not forgetting to
imprint it upon the memories of each of the tribes,
by a reference to it in his blessing upon Joseph, and
quoting it as the foundation of his own blessings upon
his sons.
Jacob's blessing, or twelve blessings, divided
amongst twelve, and delivered not until the time of
his decease approached, when many persons interested
in each of the twelve parts of it had probably arrived
at maturity, might easily have been deposited, with
out the loss or change of a syllable, into the faithful
storehouses of the human mind ; until the sublime
and divinely inspired author of the Pentateuch was
ready to stamp it in the characters of eternity, and
destine it to confer an endless consolation upon all
the future ages of men.
It is no new assertion, that religion gave birth to
poetry ; in whose compositions, rather than in prose,
the praises of the Deity, and other the most important
matters, scoald have been retained in memory, ante
cedently to the use of letters. Thj blessings of the
patriarchs are eminent proofs of this oxigin and this
E

26 THE BLESSING OF JACOB, &C.
use of poetry; wbich, however it may have been,
and ever will be, contemned by the ignorant, claims,
and will successfully maintain, in these instances, a
beginning and an authority nothing short of divine
inspiration, for the grand purpose of introducing
that religion which was ordained to prosper and in
crease, until at length it should "fill the earth*, as
the waters cover the sea." * Isaiah xi. 9.

APPENDIX.
READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS OF

Oh. I. v. 3. It is apprehended that the common text
is right, but that Aquila and Theodotion might have
seen i7N*W), where some one added the "» on account
of its parallel three words beyond it. It seems almost
impossible for TY1N ever to have been in the place the
Bp. thought; both because there is no parallel to it,
and because the interpreters could scarcely have read
it but as an accusative case. Why not interpret ? —
" But Israel knoweth not" his possessor : " My peo
ple (i. e. Judah, one of the two children afore-men
tioned) hath not rightly considered " his feeder. The
prophet appears to have been the speaker; and thus
far in the name of Jehovah.
4. The metre requires, that the two last words
should be deemed an interpolation, as Mr. M. D.
thinks. 5. " To whaf-purpose shall-ye-have-been-stricken,
" Tliat-ye-should-still repeat revolt?
," Every, &c."

*» READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
9. Soon " also-to-Gomorrah had-we-been-like."
10. The land of the tribe of Judah bordered upon
the salt-sea, which occupied the scite of Sodom and
Gomorrah. 14. m mars the metre. 15. CXi changed to CO^N
might immediately precede vj^w.
18. The second oti altered to T attaching the verb
to it, is requisite to the metre. 20. The metre re
quires "the enemy," from the Chaldee and Dr. Jubb,
or the absence of -g V, " for the mouth of."
23. The lasts*? seems superfluous to sense and metre.
24. " I-wiJl-be-made-hot by-mine-adversaries."
f. Niph. 25. Tin restored by the Bp. of Killala. 29. W2rft.
""For ye, &c." dele "O. 1 not always conversive; Abp.
Newcome thinks, on Jonah ii. 6.
30. mn\ " When ye shall have been, &c." and
d. -i©m.
Of this his vision the prophet might have seen much
in the days of Uzziah (2 Chron. xxvi. 16.) and Jo-
tham : but he does not appear to have published it
until the reign of Ahaz, when the consequence, as
expressed in v. 7, had commenced. 2 Kings, xvii.
9-^13, the story of the idolatry is gnen. See more
ch, vi.
To judge according to the literal meaning of words,
without being swayed by subsequent events, or by
generally prevailing opinion, the second ch. of Isaiah
might seem a continuation of the preceding. It
might appear that the prophet was now about to de
clare the principal thing, ~Q-rn, which was the object

OF ISAIAH. 39
of his before-mentioned vision : that, Idolatry and
unrighteousness should no longer exist, not only
amongst the people of Israel and Judah, but amongst
those of the surrounding nations. On the contrary,
it would seem ; that in a course of time, after the just
judgments which God had brought upon Jerusalem,
its temple should be newly established, upon the prin
cipal mountain, mount Sion, and far above all the
mountains and hills, upon which had been the tem
ples of idols : that these should be no more, whilst
the house of God should rise in splendor and prospe
rity. See Jerem. Ii. 10. &c. The surrounding nations
were all alike to go up to worship, and to receive
divine instruction, in the house of God in Jerusalem:
they were by the word of Jehovah to be convinced of
their former error, and were no longer to fight in
support of idolatry, or from jealousy of the chosen
people of God. See end. But, it is not wished to
interfere with established opinions ; and to compre
hend Isaiah according to them Bp. Lowth's transla
tion and notes are above praise. Yet, notwithstand
ing such a respect for long-established interpretation,
a regard for truth might propose an extension of Abp.
Newcome's Rule XII. ( Preface to Minor Prophets,
p. xxxvii. ) " The critical sense of passages should
" be considered ; and not the opinions " even of
Christians, much less " of any denomination of
" Christians whatever." *f The translators should be
" philologists," and even independently of their
Christian faith; certainly " aot controversialists."

30 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Ch. II. v. 2. pr, omitting the verb substantive
after it, is required by the metre. After, read :
" And-like-a-rlver-shall-flow unto-it all the-nations."
3. TT7 " to-the-roountain." The metre may pos
sibly be allowed to resolve the prepositions 7N or 7y
at any time into 7, the abbreviation of them; as Mr.
Peters observed, upon Job, 2d ed. p. 332 : and for
the promiscuous use of 7N and bv see Dr. Blayney,
Notes on Jeremiah, p. 222.
4. The word, i. e. the law, of Jehovah seems the
nominative case :
<l And-it-shall-settlerfhe^right between the-nations,
" And-shall-work-conviction in-many peoples."
6 — 9. may be read in the past time, and refer to
the days of Uzziah and Jotham. 6. The metre re
quires nriK rRffEO "O, " Verily, thou didst-abandon."
" With-diviners" removes " from-the-East." 9. may
be translated "Therefore as the poor man and the
rich man worshipped, so have they been humbled :
for thou didst not forgive them."
10. seems the prophet's continuation of the unfar
vourable part of his subject from the end of ch. 1.
Mr. D. rightly translates, " the land" of Judaea, in
stead of the "earth." In v. 13. the two words that
follow " Lebanon," may be esteemed a gloss, design
ed to teach, that by the cedars and the oaks the pro
phet meant high and exalKd personages. The me
tre rejects them in this verse ; but not in the next,
where they are separate and sufficiently explanatory.

OF ISAIAH. 31
22. is purely metrical, and may be understood of
the wickedness of idolatry, the device of man.
Ch. III. v. 8. metrically excludes 13. The last line
of it may be rendered ;
" So-as-to-change into-iniquity his* worship."
10. The Bp. appears to be right.
J 6. " Moreover-hath-said Jehovah : because that
" The-daughters-of Sion are-haughty ;
" And- walk extending the-neck,
"And coquetting with-their-eyes ;
" Imitate children in-their-walk,
" And upon-their-feet tinkle-rings :
a Jehovah (mrf> for '3is) will-therefore-humble the-
" head-of
" The-daughters-of Sion, and-their-shame he-will-un-
" cover. 1
" In-that day the-Lord will-take-away
" The ornament-of the-ancle-rings,
" And the-netted-bandeaux, and-the-cresoents ;
" The-lockets, the-glasses, and-the-veils ;
" The-plumes, the-sandals, and-the-zones;
" And-the-medallion miniatures, ahd-the-amulets;
" The-rings, and-the- jewels-of the-nostril ;
" The-pellices, and-the-robes, and-the-vests, and-the-
" stockings ;
" The-revealers, and-the-shifts, and-the-turbans, and-
" the-shawls.
" And-there-shall-be, instead-of perfume, putrefac-
" tion ;
<l And-instead-of elegant-dress, rags; (d. rprr*.)
" And-instead-of uniform covering, nakedness ;
" And-instead-of a-scarf, a-belt-of sackcloth ;
" And-carbuncks (*i.3i) instead-of beauty."

32 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
25. latter part :
" Even thy-mighty-men in-lhe-battle."
The 1, that couples a term with its preceding par-
rallel, should in general be rendered, even: as also it
hath been observed by learned persons, that %ou in the
N. T. should so be rendered. Where the sense of some
preceding term is comprehended in 1, it hath appear
ed right to give its English, and, even, or nor, with
out any mark of connection with the next word to
which it is attached in the original.
Ch. IV. v. 1. is a continuation of the subject of
the captivity, expressed by one of its consequences,
the destruction, in battle and otherwise, of six parts'
in seven of the males of Judaea and Jerusalem : so
that, on the supposition of the males and females hav
ing been nearly equal, the latter could, after the cap
tivity, each of them obtain only a seventh part of
their matrimonial advantages, being obliged to share
them with six others. See Bp. Lowth's note. " In
that day," is from this v. properly rejected. .
The branch, in the 2d v., literally rendered, is this
remnant, or the undestroyed seventh part of the Jew
ish males. Bp. L. on Is. p. 27. 1. 25. which, p. 53.
1. 9. he seems to contradict.
The prophet here refers back again to the restora
tion foretold ch. ii. 2 — 5 : the intermediate part con
taining, in vv. 6 — 9, God's reasons for. inflicting the
punishment of the Babylonian invasion; and, v. 10,
to this place, a continuation, from the end of ch. i, of*
the account of the calamity itself.

OF ISAIAH. S3
2. " In-that day he-(every undestroyed seventh )-stiall-be
" A-branch-Of Jehovah for-ornament and-for-honour :
" Even-(shall he bej-the-fruit-of the-land for-tke-pro-
" sperity and-for-the-beauty-of
" The-escaped-of the-house-of * Israel.
The metre admits rVQ in this v. and excludes nvt
from the next.
3. " And-he-that-is-left in-Sion, even-he-that-remaineth
" in-Jerusalem,
" Holy shall-he be-called ;
" Even-every-one that-is-written among-the-living in-
" Jerusalem.
" When Jehovah shall-have-washed-away
" The filth-of the-daughters-of Sion ;
" Even-the blood-of Jerusalem shall-have-removed
" From-ihe-midst-qf-her, by-a-spirit-of judgment,
" Even by-a-wind that-driveth."
5. 7D might better be read immediately preceding
nNipn, itself attached to 1. Preceding in might be
71H from beyond the next word. The superfluous mn1?
is excluded by the metre. "0 niight have bpen 1 at
taching 71? to it.
Ch. V. is the renewed subject of the captivity and
the provocations.
1. Accept "TO in the third place; and nqxt to it,
for i"P"P7, rYliT7, and thus through the verse, would
give a reading correspondent to the declaration ia
v. 7.

* 'Here meaning only the two tribes.
F

34 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Let-me-sing now the-song-of Jehovah ;
" The-song-of Jehovah concerning-his- vineyard.
11 A-vineyard there-was to-Jehovah,
" Upon-a-horn a-son-of oil."
End of v. 2. the metre rejects CPZlDy.
" And-when-he-expected that-it-should-bring-forth, it-
" brought-forth poisonous-berries."
At v. 3. the song seems to commence; and to con
clude at tbe end of v. 6. V. 5. •>D-iDi7 " to my vine
yard" the metre rejects. 7. l for "O, and omit /YIN2X.
" The-house-of Israel" is explained by " Even-the-
men-of Judah." " The cry of the oppressed" migh*
be altered to "complaint." At v. 8. commences
more particular detail of the charges contained ii
v. 7. V. 9. Sense and metre admit 717231. 10. Bati
and Ephah, each between seven and eight wine gal
Ions. A Chomer or Homer, ten times the quantity
so that, in the threatened desolation, the harvest wa
to yield but one tenth part of the sowing. 11. Thi
metre rejects 1E3TT1, as also 71*9 in 12. It requires ii
13. Mr. D.'s reading mrv njnn.
At this place the prophet fixes himself upon thi
point of time, when the threat of captivity was to b<
realized ; and, for the sake of greater evidence, de
scribes it as an event already past: a manner of speak
ing common to the prophetic writings of the Hebrews
and supposed to have been attended with the effect o
convincing the hearer or reader of the certainty of th<
future events thus described as complete. The expres
sion of past time continues, until its meaning is ex
plained at the end of the 25lh v.

OF ISAIAH. 35
" By-all this is-not turned-away
" His-anger : but-still his-hand is-stretched-out."
As much as to say : I have spoken of events as if
they were past ; by a figure of speech intended to ex
press their certainty ; but, the vengeance of God
upon iniquity, far from being over, is all to come.
The stretched-out hand is consequently described
by the prophet vv. 26 — 30 in verbs of future time,
denouncing the identical captivity as still about to
come, and giving to his prophecy the two-fold effect
of terror by two different displays, the past and the
future, of the same calamity. The like is observable
at ch. ix. 7.
In like manner also Amos, ch. iv. 6 — 11, seems to
deliver in past time a prophecy of , future visitations.
That they were yet to come is explained, v. 12, where
the injerpreters (see Abp. Newcome, and Abp. Seeker
in the Appendix to the Twelve Minor Prophets) have
been at a loss for want of the clue.
12. " Therefore thus will-I-do
" Unto-thee, O-I'srael : because
" That this I- will-do to-thee;
" Prepare to-meet thy-God, O-Israel."
Thus, i. e. all the things before-mentioned as done,
because foretold most certainly to be done. They
were therefore ordered to prepare to receive their pu
nishment. The reprehension, ending v. 6, 8, 9, 10, 11. " And
yet," &c. must in like manner be understood in future
time.

36 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
End of v. 14. m U7in, that-tliey-may~exult in-her.
15. " Therefore -as- hath- been -bowed -down the-
" mean -man, so-7|a?ft-&mi-broughi;-low the-great-
" man ; Even-the-eyes-of the-haughfy have-been-
" humbled." The two next vv. also in past time, in
the same sense as before, v. 13, and v. 14. where for
" down go," in Bp. L., might be, hath descended.
18. r. biro, and prefix 1 to the next word instead
of the following, omitting the last.
" Woe unto-them-who-draw-out iniquity as-a-cable;
" Even-falsehood, as-the-thick-traces-of a-wain."
24. Read awtp, and see its derivative ch. i. 8., and
Bp. Lowth's note thereon. Let ©X follow niTI7, and
Dtn© be attached to a 1.
" Therefore as-the-tongue dissolveth the-melon,
te And-as-the-faggot is-reduced-to-ashes by-the-flame-of
"fire;
"'So-' heir- root hath-been soft-as-ripeness,
" And-their-blossom hath^ascended as-fine-dust."
25. R. pS and 1BK, omitting mn\
" Wherefore his-anger hath-been-kindled against-hjs-
" people."
27. The metre rejects in. And, 29. 17. d. 7 and
affix 1.
30. Michaelis in Lowth. Ed. Oxon. p. 45. reads
to the following effect.
" And-inrthat day shall-they-roar against-them,
" As-the-roaring-of the-sea : as-when-it-thundereth upon,*
" the-earth ;

OF ISAIAH. 37
" And-lo ! darkness, distress !
" Then-light, darkness, and gloomy- vapour."
Ch. VI. Bp. Lowth, in his introductory note to
this chapter, says, that Isaiah ' prophesied in the time
'of Uzziah;' whereas in the general title of the
prophecies it is only asserted, that he saw his vision
partly in that reign. The Bp. further supposes that
the prophecies are not ' placed in exact order of
'time: chapters ii. iii. iv. v. seem (to him) by in-
' ternai marks to be antecedent to ch. i. and to suit
' the time of Uzziah, or the former part of Jotham's
'reign; whereas ch. i. (he thinks) can hardly be
" earlier than the last years of Jotham.'
The Bp. refers to his notes on ch. i. 7. and ch. ii. 1.
in the former of which his objection to the prophet
not having, in the 29th v. urged particular and royal
instances of idolatry, seems not valid ; even the ge
neral and commonly practised idolatries not having
been greatly insisted upon. " Ye shall be ashamed
" of your idolatrous groves and gardens, when the
" day of your captivity arrives;" is the meaning of
the prophet in that verse.
In his note on ch. ii- 1, he grounds his supposi
tion, of the prophecy having been in Uzziah's time,
upon the general title ; and upon the indications of
riches, luxury, and delicacy, expressed in the 7th v.
of the iid, and the latter part of the iiid ch. But,
will any one assert, that ch. ii. vv. 6 — 9, are neces
sarily to be understood in present time ? and might
not the luxury and delicacy prevail in Ahaz's reign,

38 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
even for some years after the source of them had been
cut off?
Isaiah foresaw, but seems either not to have fore
told, or not to have composed and published his pro
phecies previously to the time of Ahaz ; when, in
ch. i. he enters at once, like a poet, in medias res. The
reigns of Uzziah and Jotham were good, and there
fore the prophet might hai^e withholden his pen; and
even in the succeeding reign he might not have been
satisfied, that it was his duty to publish royal idolatry,
unless he had been expressly ordered by God, or
could have been persuaded, that tbe measure would
have been attended with a good effect.
1. For "his train" the alteration of one letter, 1
into D, gives, " his ministering intelligences," or,
angels. 2. The metre would transfer in«7 to a place
between the two last words of the verse. 4. The
metre rejects niDN, in concurrence with the Alexan
drine version or LXX. 5. d. "O in the two first
places, and in the third r. 1, and attach to it the par
ticle of the accusative. 6. for ID r. o, and attach to
it the following word. 7. The metre rejects HTl.
8. 137 agrees best with the first pers. sing. 9. The
metre requires lay1?, and see ch. v. 25.
10. 1 connective, For, before the verb; the nom.
case to which is " this people," as the late Dr. Ran
dolph has observed of the quotation in John xii. 40.
Probably therefore it was : " For-this people will-be-
gross of-heaft, &c." all in the future tense. 13. Pre
fix i to rt7N3. Affix n to nnira ; and r. D3 for an.
Ch. VII. In the former part of this ch. is predicted

OF ISAIAH, 39
the deliverance of Ahaz and the people of Judah
from the confederacy of Retsin, king of Syria, and
Pekah, king of Israel. 17. to the end is ' a denun-
' ciation of the calamities to be brought upon Judali
' by the future invasion of Nebuchadnezzar."
Bp. Lowth, Notes on ch. viii. p." 90, has observed
' that it is almost the constant practice of the prophet
' to connect in like manner deliverances temporal with
' spiritual.' Itmaybeobserved,thatitseems to have been
the practice of Isaiah, Hosea and others, to mix and
temper, or to make to succeed each other, prophecies of
invasion and captivity, and of deliverance and restora
tion*. Thus ch. i. is an introduction to the prophe
cies of punishment for sin by invasion and captivity;
there, only slightly suggested, and immediately fol
lowed by a consolatory promise of restoration to the
righteous. Ch. ii. 1 — 5, a fuller view of this restora
tion is afforded. 6 to ch. iv. I. renews the calami
tous part of the subject. Ch. iv. 2. is again the re
storation, v. vi. the captivity, vii. 1 — 16, tempo
rary restoration. 17. to the end, captivity, viii. 1 — 4,
the temporary restoration. 5 — 22, the invasion by
Sennacherib is the general subject. 23. to ch. x. 32,
restoration. 33, 34, invasion and captivity. (A
remarkable instance : but which the commentators,
particularly Bp. Lowth, seem to have misapprehend
ed. ) xi. xii. restoration.
2. Ephraim represents the whole of the ten
tribes ; because he was the preferred son of Joseph,

*

See Abp. Newcome on Hosea, p. 39. Al-,0 Abp. Seeker, i

m

Appendix. to Abp. N. on Micah ii. 12, 13.

40 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
(Gen. xlviii. 15—20.) and Joseph was distinguished
from his brethren in his father's blessing of them :
because also Samaria, the principal city of the ten
tribes, was in the land of the tribe of Ephraim.
The rnetre requires isyo with the omission of yi3.
3. nxp? omitting 7K. 4. may end, without altera
tion ; " Even-the-Syrian, artd-the-son-of Remaliah."
5. read or understand n. " witk-'Efphrs.im,
" Even-the-son-of Remaliah." 
8, 9. Dr. Jubb's proposed transposition Bp
Lowth might have safely made. End of it : "from
being-a-people," i. e. by Shalmeneser's captivity
End of v. 9. public translation preferable.
1 1 . Before iss insert -ptf, and read ;
" Go-deep to-Sheol in-tby-desire :
" Or exalt-it upward."
End of v. 13. To weary men, and to weary God^- i
to weary the prophets in calling to repentance, andti
weary God in calling to trust and confidence in him
—which Ahaz refused to place, in refusing to ask i
sign. 14. It is humbly apprehended, that the* youns
woman, usually called The Virgin, is the same witl
ll:e Prophetess, ch. viii. v. 3 ; and Immanuel, so h
he named by his mother, the same with the prophet'

OF ISAIAH. 41
son, whom he was ordered to name Maher-shalal-
HASH-BAZ. 15. " Butter and-honey shall-he-eat, a/rer-he-shall*
" know
" To-refuse the-evil, and-to-choose the-good."
See Blayney on Jer. xvi. 14.
16. end.
" Shall-be-left tlie*land, concerning- which thoil
" Art-uneasy, upon-account-of the-two kings."
17.li?^,HoubigantandLXX. after nend of v. 16,
An interpolation appears in "jny ?yi : but, contract
ed into "IDV71, it may be a metre together with the
three preceding words, and be rendered ; " even-
" upon-thy-people." The end : " even-the king-of
" Assyria," is properly omitted.
18. Pharaoh-Nechoh and Nebuchadnezzar. 2
Kings xxiii. 29. and xxiv.
19. Mr. M. D.'s printer has omitted : " and-upon-
all the-thickcts."
20. The metre requires ^yiyn nxi. The hired ra
zor, the king of Assyria, Tiglath-Pileser having been
hired by Ahaz. 2 Kings xvi. 7.
Ch. VIII. 1 — 4. is a continuation of the prophecy
of the sign, vii. 14 — 16. The prophet's elder son was
Shear-jashub, " the- remnant shall-return :" his
younger son was to be called by his mother, or by the
people of Judah, Immanuel; for God was with
them, and would deliver them from the two kings.
Thus, his two sons, whom God had given to him,
were to be for signs and wonders from Je-
G

42 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
hovah, v. 18. But, he himself was to name the
younger son, not Immanuel, but Maher-shalal-
hash-baz, the meaning of which was a consequence
of the meaning of the other name. " God-(is)-with-
" us :" therefore " must-be-hastened the-spoil, dis-
" patched the-prey." The birth of this son was
now to be introduced ; the prophet having orders to
take to him a large revealer, an article of woman's-
dress, ch. iii. v, 23, and here placed, as it is conjec
tured, for the person herself of the woman, who was
to be one of consideration, i. e. a prophetess. He
was to write in her presence in a manly style : " Must-
" be-hastened the-spoil, dispatched the-prey." The
masculine language of the 1T13N' tD~in is expressed
by the preposition 7 governing the participle future
passive, in English, must be done. This to a woman
of Jerusalem, Ps. lxviii. 12, and a prophetess, was
sufficient. Respectable witnesses were called, and
the prophet was married to a virgin : the mother of
Shear-jashub having probably been dead, as he might
have been born in the reign of Uzziah, when Isaiah
in his first vision might have foreseen and declared,
that a remnant would return from the Babylonian
captivity ; which, with the restoration, seems thus far
to be the literal sense and subject of the prophecies of
Isaiah. 1 . " And-Jehovah said unto-mc ;
" Take unto-thce a-lnrge revealer :
" And-write upon-it in-masculinc language ;
" Must-be-hastened the-spoh,, dispatched the-
" TREY."

OF ISAIAH. 43
4. The child had only to be able to say; Ab-i,
Am-i; which it probably did soon after the complete
age of two years : before which, Samaria was spoil ;
Damascus prey.
B p. Lowth, notes, p. 89. ' The 6th, 7th, and 8th
' verses of this chapter seem to take in both the king-
' doms of Israel and Judah.' Isaiah's general title
is: " The vision  which he saw concerning Judah
" and Jerusalem." The enemies of these, and Israel
amongst the rest, have their burthens, sufferings, or
judgments denounced against them. But, Judah and
Jerusalem seem to be the general subject. The Bp.,
not having observed the Hiphil sense of ejupd, ap
pears to have been misled by that word into the mis
take of the public translators.
6. r. " And-have-made-to-rejoice Retsin." The
active participle is indicated by the succeeding nx.
The same word, in a like active sense, appears also in
Isaiah, ch; xxxii. 14.; Ix. 15.; lxii. 5.; and lxv. 18,
Ps. xlviii. 2. Lam. ii. 15.
The meaning of these verses is : Because Judah
hath not trusted in the God of Jerusalem, where
gently flow the waters of Shiloah ; but hath thus
afforded joy to Retsin and Pekah, who hoped to profit
by the fear and distrust of Judah ; and hath sent to
the king of Assyria for aid : therefore the waters of
the Euphrates, even the king of Assyria, shall over
flow them. This meant the invasion by Sennacherib,
which was not to prosper, as the 9th and 10th verses
express. 11. Begin HDI, and further r. >3"V1, omitting D,

44 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
whence mm, the law, vv. 16. 20. V. 12. Begin
(from 11.) -\vpb ion N7 "10K7, soon again ini and b
prefixed as before, and the two last verbs of fear and
dread in the singular number. 13. Begin nrtl. But,
omit niKnx, and the 1 plural affix to the verb, and
also the two D plurals of the pronoun. 14. TITH,
i, e. their fear pN7 Dr6.
11. " But-thus said Jehovah unto-me ;
" When-by-the-strength-of his-hand he-even-guided-
" mej
" That-Lshould-not-walk in-the-wayrof this-people :
J2. <' He-said : Thou-shalt-not rebel by-leaguing
" Jn-all the rebellion-of
' c This people in-its-league :
"And-the thing-of-which-they-are-afraid tkpu-.shalt-
" not fear,
" Neither shalt-thou-dread."
The league, which Abp. Seeker's reference to
Jerem. xi. 9. wrell illustrates, was that of idolatry,
which according to 2 Kings xvi. 10. maybe judged
to have been the consequence of Ahaz's union with
the king of Assyria : the fear, or the object of fear,
was the combination of Retsin and Pekah. V. 13.
must in like manner be in the singular number, it
being a continuation of God's especial guidance of
Isaiah. 14. " And-(their fear)-shall-be to-them a-stone-of stum-
" bling,
" Evcn-(it-shall-be) a-rock-of offence :
" To-the-two houscs-of Israel a-trap ; (i. e. to Judah
" and Benjamin.)
" Eyen-a-snare to-the-inhabitants-of Jerusalem."

OF ISAIAH. 4.5
In v. 16. the metre rejects the last word. The tes
timony was v. 2.: the law, or teaching, or guidance of
Isaiah, which is coacluded by this verse, was first
mentioned v. 11.
16. " Bind-up the-testimony ; seal the-law.
17. " Thus-will-I-wait for-Jehovah, who-hath-hiddenhis-
" face
" From-the.-kouse-of Jacob, even?I-will-expect him.
18, " Here an>I, andi-the-children, (Shear-jashub and
" RJaher-shalal-hash-baz,)
" Which Jehovah halh-given to-me,
" For-signs even-for-wonders in-Israel,
" From Jchovah-of hosts,
" Who-dwelleth in-mount Sion.
19. " Thereforerwhen they-shall-say unto-you;
" Seek-ye unto the-necromancers,
" Even-unto the-wizards, the-vcntriloquists, and-lhe-
" mutterers:
" What! -should -not a-people (seek) unto its-God?
" In-behalf-of the-living (should it seek) unto thc-
• "dead?
20. " Should-it-not-seek unto-the-teaching and-unto-the-
" testimony ?
" Will not even-the-Assyrian believe
" The- word, (in vv. 9. 10.) in-which-is no obscurity?
21. " For-he-shall-pass this-way in-distress, even-in-fear :
"• And when he-shall-fear, he-shall-also-be-angry :
" Then-shall-Iie-curse his-king and-his-God :
" And-he-shall-cast-his-eyes upward : (v. 22.) and-
'i upon the-earth
"' It-shallrthunder ; aud-behold distress, and-darkncss!
" Gloom, tribulation, and-darkness accumulated!"
V. 20. ©TV is transferred to the beginning of this

46 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
verse from the latter part of v. .19, in the former part
of which it already stands imperatively. Follow nbot
with -ywan nmn PD^, referring to the luminous pro
phecy of Sennacherib's defeat in vv. 9. 10.
21. 22. See chap. v. ver. 30, and Michaelis upon
Lowth, pp. 45. 46. These and the latter part of the
preceding v. are to be understood of the soldier of
Sennacherib: and v. 23, (in the public translation,
v. 1. of ch. ix.) in which m©«7 seems to hold the
fourth place, refers to the captivity of Israel by Shal-
meneser. 23. " But, there-shall-not-be weariness to-the- Assyrian, —
" Who-was-straitened in-the (land) when first
" He-slightly-invaded the-land-of Zebulun
" And the-land-of Nephthali,—
" In-this-his-second and -grand-attack by-the-way-of
" the-sea
" BeyondrJordan, the-overthrower-of the-nations."
The three lines immediately subsequent to the first
are a parenthesis.
As Bp. Lowth confessed, that there are many and
great difficulties in this chapter, particularly v. 11,
&c. of which he did not attempt a particular ex
planation ; it has been thought that, in addition to
what has been noted, a skeleton of it would not he
unacceptable : as follows ;
Ch. VIII. v. 1. The rcvealcr, Isaiah "s second wife,
the prophetess. 2, the testimony of his marriage.
3, the promised son, Immanuel, or Maher-shalal-
hash-baz. 4, Tiglath-pileser's invasion of Damas-

OF ISAIAH. 47
cus, Zebulun, and Nephthali. 6, the waters of
Shiloah, i. e. the temple at Jerusalem, beneath which
they flowed. Retsin and Remaliah's son delighted
with the distrust of the Jews in God. 7, 8, Senna
cherib's invasion foretold. 9, 10, his miraculous de
feat foretold. 1 1, the guiding of Isaiah by the hand
of God, i. e. the law, hereafter expressed in vv. 16
and 20. 12, the league of idolatry, in which Isaiah
was forbidden to join. 13—15, idolatry and unbe
lief the ruin of many of the Jews. 16, the testi
mony v. 2, with promise of deliverance; bound.
The law, or guiding of Isaiah, v. 11, ordered to be
sealed. 17, the distress of Jerusalem from Retsin
and Pekah. 18, Isaiah, and his two sons: the elder
a sign that a remnant should return from future cap
tivity ; the younger a sign that God protected the
Jews from Retsin, Pekah, and Sennacherib: (ch.
vii. 16. and viii. 10.) and that Damascus and Samaria
should be the spoil of Tiglath-pileser (v. 4.) 19,
distrust of the Jews in God, during their distress ;
and the prophet's indignation. 20, to the especial
guiding from idolatry, (v. 11.) and to the testimony,
with promise of deliverance (vv. 2 — 4.) the people
should seek, when in distress. Sennacherib will be
lieve the luminous prophecy against him (invv. 9,
10.) 21, 22, a description of his army destroyed by a
thunder storm. 23, Shalmeneser's invasion, and the
captivity of the ten tribes foretold.
This 23d v. in the original the public translators
have made the 1 st of the ixth chapter.
Ch. IX. v. 1 — 6. literally is expressed, The pro-

48 READINGS AND INTERPRETAiiuno
phet's exultation in the foresight of deliverance and
of peace to Judah.
2. The Ketib and the Keri are equally rejected by
the metre.
3. Reference is to Midian, defeated by Gideon,
Judges vii. 22.
4. " For every-one shod himself
" In-the-storm, and-his-garment rolled in-blood
" Was-even fo-be-burned, fuel-for fire."
5. latter part.
" And-the-princrpal-turn-of-affairs kalh-been upon his-
" shoulder :
" And-his-name is-called ; Wonderfully counselling,
" The-mighty God with-my-father
" Ilath-*engaged-that peace should-be-chief.
6. " Of-the-increase-of the-superiority, even-of-peace where
" Shall-be-an-end unto thc-throne-of David?"
Bp. Lowth writes: 'Chap. ix. 7. — Ch. x. 4.] This"
' whole passage makes a distinct prophecy. It has no
' relation to the preceding or following prophecy. —
' Those relate principally to the kingdom of Judah ;
' this is addressed exclusively to the kingdom of Israel.'
On the contrary, it appears to be a regular con
tinuation of the prophecy of peace to Judah, and
an assurance that the prosperity of the Jews would
be affected by the humiliation, first of their neigh
bouring enemies the Israelites, and afterwards of
* The original is esteemed to refer to ch. viii. 2. That the
word, when unconnected with a preposition, is not believed to sig
nify, everlasting, or eternity, but as a concise locution, which it is
Habuk. iii. 6, see interpretation on ch. xxvi. 4 .

OF ISAIAH. 49
the more distant Assyrians : and this seems to be the
general subject to nearly the end of the xth ch. in
the 33d and 34th vv. of which the invasion and cap
tivity of Judah by Nebuchadnezzar appear to have
been predicted.
8. The sense may require myTI and 0*HBtf"). How
easily fT and 1 may here have been omitted, is obvious.
" Therefore-let-the-people know-it (the word) all-of
" them :
" Even -Ephraim and-the-inhabitant-of Samaria;
" In-pride and-in-arrogance-of heart who-have-said."
The last word should seem to be IIDNn. 9. The
bricks were — the inefficient designs of Israel against
Judah: the hewn stones, preparations of greater
achievements. The sycamores, Retsin and Pekah :
the cedars, more powerful chiefs.
10. The third place vby instead of the sixth.
" Therefore- Jehovah hath-lifted-up against-them
" The enemies-of Retsin,
" And-their own-enemies he-hath-combined."
11. " Have-devoured," in the perfect tense ; and
the same to the end of v. 10. of ch. x. See note to
ch. v. ver. 13.
Omitting Q, read in one word i"T7Dn.
End of ver. 15. — " therefore-the-leaders-of-them
have-been destroyed."
18. omit msnx. For bn prefix 7. 19. Prefix 7 to
7KD», omitting by. 20. r. Hm, and translate :
" Although-they-have-united both against Judah."
H

50 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Ch. X. vv. 1 — 4. Woe to Israel supporting Syria
to oppress Judah.
1. " Woe to-them-who-decree decrees-of unrighteousness;
" And tkat-publish distressing-ordinances :
" They- have- written, that -the -right -of * the -weak
" should-be-perverted,
" Even-to-deprive-of justice *the-afflicted-of my
" people,"
4. " That-it-(your glory)-should-not be-humbled as-ab-^
" jectly-as a-prisoner;
" Or-fall (VD3) as-low-as t he-slain."
6. translate, " Against an impure nation," &c.
8. Insert Kin after *3. — " Are-not kings all my-
princes?" 10. TiN!!ft3, omitting it, is required by the metre.
11. After «7i"l read the three last words: then be
gin 1©ND and read the three following, which trans
position gives :
" Shall-not I-do to-Jerusalem, and-to-her-images ;
" As I-havc-done to-Samaria, and-to-her-idols?"
12. npB\ 13. After "O insert Kin. The metre re
jects the laiter Ketib and Keri. 15. For bv twice the
metre admits only the prefix 7. 16. It rejects mxns:
' and 20. naxn. End of 21, add from 22. "jay. " Un-
" to God the-mighty thy-people. For though Israel
" be as-the-sand-of the-sea," &c. End of 22. trans
late, with 1 prefix :
" And4hc-dest ruction decreed righteousness will-efface."
* Judah.

OF ISAIAH. 51
That is, the righteousness of the remnant will soon
.occasion the destruction to be forgotten.
23. Omit 13-J& and mans, and 73.
" For a-destruction, and-that-decreed
" Jehovah will-make in-the-midst-of -tke-Iand."
These last four vv. are a mixture, as Isaiah's man
ner is from the beginning, of denunciation of cap
tivity, and of promise of restoration of the rem
nant. See back, p. 39.
24. It is apprehended, that if Isaiah had here
meant to say, ' in the manner of Egypt,' he would
have written TOD, (as would also Amos have done,
ch. iv. v. 10.) which the metre would have allowed
equally with "jinn. The route described vv. 28 — 32.
proves, according to the map in Bos's Ed. of the
LXX, that Sennacherib was "in the road" to Egypt.
Accordingly from Nob, the last station, he shook his
hand, with a threat, towards Jerusalem ; and march
ed on to Egypt: on his return from which, Ashdod,
or Azotus, ch. xx, seems first to have yielded to his
general Tartan; whence passing Lachish and Libnah,
which were in the road from Egypt to Jerusalem, he
sent his vast army under Rabshakeh to menace the
Jewish capital, boasting of the defeat of Egypt, its
ally, now named the " bfeoken reed."
25. r. Dytn, and 7 for bv ¦ and translate :

it ^ " effect in-their-destruction."

And-the-indignation, even-mine-anger, shall-have-its-

52 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
26. " For — — " d. niKns.
" Although-his-rod-(will-be) toward the-sea;
" And-he-will-lift-it-up by-the-way-of Egypt."
That is; Although his design will not principally
be against you, but to conquer other nations.
Bp. Lowth, Abp. Newcome (Amos iv. 10.) and
Mr. D. seem all to have mistaken the figurative for
the literal meaning of the regent *pi vv. 24 and 26.
Bp. L. at v. 24. accepts the literal sense, and at v. 26,
the figurative : the former is ' way,' or road ; the lat
ter is, ' manner,' or dealing. In the former v. the
rectum, Egypt, is in a neuter sense, as it should be
with the literal regent ; in the latter it is passive : al
though the words are precisely the same, and occur
in two places so near each other.
The passive sense of the rectum may seem support
ed only by Gen. xxxi. 35 : where, instead of the el
lipse, if the full expression could have been as pro
perly given by the insertion of D"i as a first rectum,
both the recta would have appeared neutral, and less
doubt could have been of the regent being literal
rather than figurative. Cursus sanguinis mulierum est
mihi. Mr. D. has given the figurative regent in both
verses : but, he has made the rectum active in the
former, and passive in the latter.
The figurative meaning also of the regent, and the
passive sense of the rectum, Abp. Newcome has adopt
ed for the parallel passage in Amos iv. 10 : where he
terms the two words with the preposition of the for-

OF ISAIAH. 53
mer ' a phrase;' and cites, in its support, these vv. of
Isaiah, and Gen- xi*- 31. But it is apprehended,
that in Genesis xix. the regent is figurative, and the
rectum active ; and that the same is the case in Ezek.
xx. 30, which he also cites, especially as one MS.
reads d for n, ' according to the way,' i. e. the doing.
3 prefix seems a sign of the figurative regent, and n
of the literal.
Abp. Newcome appears therefore to fail in his at
tempted support of the passive sense of the rectum,
which it is contended does not exist, even in Gen.
xxxi. 35. above quoted. It is further maintained,
that the literal regent "j~n must have its neutral rec
tum; as Gen. xxxi. 35. Num. xxiv. 24. Jos. xxiii. 14.
Is. x. 24. 26. and Amos iv. 10.: and that the
figurative regent can only have its active rectum ; as
Gen. xix. 31. Ezek. xx. 30. xxxiii. 20. Amos viii. 14.
Hosea x. 13, if a right reading, and Prov. ii. 13. in
which last the rectum is adjectively used.
Instead of a passive rectum of the figurative f~n,
it is conceived that the prophets would have expressed
their meaning, if at all figurative, by affixing i ac
tively to the regent, and prefixing n to the word
which is now the neutral rectum. ' In my way ( of
dealing) with Egypt.'
27. " Yea-the-yoke shall-be-destroyed from-before (130© J
" the-imposer-of-it."
i.e. Before Sennacherib's own face; not when he
was at a distance.
29. 137- " Because-of-him Ramah is-terrified."

54. READINGS AND INTERPRETATION?
31. 32. Omit the stop between.
" Fled-is Madmem: the-inhabiianfs-pf
" Gebim are-all-as-yot preparing :
" For,-this-day at-Nob he-must-halt." Probably E3WR.
33. 34.^ The prophecy of invasion and captivity of
Judah by Nebuchadnezzar. After a>nn:m the metre.
requires n7. " Even-the-lofty-of heart shall-be?
'.'¦ brought-low." At Ch. XI. v. i. Bp. Lowth says: ' The prophet
.' had described the Assyrian army under the image of
' a mighty forest, consisting of flourishing trees,
-' growing thick together, and of a great height : of
'Lebanon itself crowned' with lofty cedars; but
' cut down, and laid level with the ground, by the ax,
' wielded by the hand of some powerful and illus-
'trious agent: in opposition to this image he repre-
' scnts the great person, who makes the subject of this
* chapter, as a slender twig, shooting out from the
' trunk of an old tree, cut down, lopped to the very
'root, and decayed: which tender plant, so weak in
' appearance, should nevertheless become fruitful and
' prosper. This contrast shows plainly the connexion
'between this, and the preceding chapter ; which is
' moreover expressed by the connecting particle'
The connexion, indeed, b; i .vecn the two chapters,
is evident: but the interpretation?, partiiularly of the
33d and 34th vv. of the tenth ch., cannot be so readily
allowed. From v. 24 to v. 27 the miraculous defeat
of Sennacherib is clearly foretold, being compared
with the miraculous defeat of- the Midianites, Judges

OF tSAlAH. 55
Vii. 22. In vy. 28 — 31. his route by Jerusalem to
wards Egypt is described. 32. He shakes " his hand
against" Jerusalem, in his distant prospect. He de
signed to attempt its subversion upon his return : in
which although he was defeated, his menace was
prophetic; as the prophet declares in the 33d and
34th vv. The bough to be lopped, not by Sennache
rib, but hereafter by Nebuchadnezzar, was Jerusa
lem, last mentioned. The fall of Lebanon is mani
festly the destruction of Solomon's Temple built of
its cedars.
Be it, that, as St. Paul interprets, and, according to
Kimchi, the future days of the Messiah are foreshowrn
in the secondary sense of the first ten vv. of this chap
ter, the primary or literal sense seems to respect the
remnant of the Jewish people, and the restoration of
Jerusalem from the Babylonian captivity. As the fall
of Jerusalem and its temple is poetically described in
the two last vv. of the preceding chapter, so their re
covery and renovation afford to the prophet an
opportunity of representing the happiness of the
people in equally figurative language. The confi
dence that was in the days of Hezekiah, which Kim
chi thinks is described, must therefore be exchanged
for the long security enjoyed under* the second tem
ple ; the literal sense only of this part of the eleventh
chapter being considered.
The righteousness of the remnant mentioned ch. x,
v. 22. is further described in the first ten verses of this
eleventh chapter.
* See the communication by the late learned Dr. Hcberden to
Abp. N., Minor Prophets, p. 170.

56 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
4. " And-with-equity shall-he-give-sentence to-the-meek^oi
" the-land.'
7. " And-the-coW and-the-she-bear shall-be-companions :
" Together shall-lie-down their-young."
8. " The-aspic ; even-on the-den-of the-basilisk."
9. " As-the-waters of-the-seas at-fiood."
This last image will be recognised by persons who
have observed high tides.
10. " And-tliere-shall-be in-that day
" A-root-of Jesse, who shall-stand
" For-an-ensign-of the-*peoples : unto-him the-nations a
" Shall-repair; and-his-resting^-placeshall-be-glorious."
1 1 — 16. An unaccomplished prophecy. Bp. Lowth.
But, from Jer. Ii. 10. it appears, as if this was to have
happened upon the event of the destruction of Baby
lon by Cyrus: as a proof of which, immediately after
the song of thanks in ch. xiii. is very suitably intro
duced the prophecy of the destruction of Babylon.
" And-it-shall afterwards-be, in-that day
" When-Jehovah" &c.
12. " That-he-will-lift-up" &c.
14. The metre rejects nn\
15. The sense seems to require Mr. D.'s rendering
" of the Vaus by As, and So. Between the two last
words sense and metre both appear to require "j~n.
Ch. XII. Mr. D. rightly names, a song of grati
tude to God, on the great and important event of the
* Peoples. Respectable objectors to this word in the plural may
be reminded, that its primary sense in English, as well as in Hebrew

OF ISAIAH. 57
restoration (predicted ch. xi. vv. 11 — 16.) of the
whole of the twelve tribes; and of their happy re
union, 1. Prefix 1 to n©1*. 2. Two Yods, or IT, seem to
have fallen from the text, in " Even-m^-song is Je
hovah." As in ch. viii. 6. "rejecting the waters of Shi
loah" was the figurative language for distrust in Je
hovah, so v. 3. of this ch. " drawing water with joy
from the fountains of salvation," was designed to ex
press the fullest confidence in the true God. 5, the
sense requires the Keri, and the metre rejects nsn.
6, for in prefix 1.
The XIHth ch. to the XXIIId inclusive, contain,
as Bp. Lowth has observed, denunciations of ' the
' fate of several cities and nations,' that of Jerusalem
and Judas a not omitted. As the first twelve chapters
of Isaiah correspond to the general title in having
Judah and Jerusalem the principal subjects, so those
which succeed them are no irregular continuation, it
being to the purpose to foretel what was to become
of their enemies. But in these chapters, as in the
preceding, there is a mixture of consolation and sor
row to the Jews ; consolation in the prophecies, that
the power of their enemies should be destroyed ; and
sorrow in the denunciations of invasion and captivity
to themselves. 1. " The-suffering-of Babylon." 2. The word
Drt7, to them, which Bp. Lowth, on the authority of
one antient MS. and the Vulg., would reject, is re
quired by the metre. " To-them-beckon w ith-the-
i

58 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
hand." 4. Dr. Kennicott's rule, quoted at v. 13, re
jects the supposed rectum following Jehovah. End
of 5, 73 the metre rejects. 6. The metre requires
prefix 3 for 13. " Howl-ye ! as-near-is the-day-of Je
hovah; so destruction," &c.
7. Prefix 7 for bv. 8, Bp. Lowth is right. 13, Be
tween TVOV and msns insert VI7N, passim, or read only
the former ; as the metre may require. See Dr. Ken-
nicott, State of the Hebrew Text, p. 525. 14, no de
fect : as Bp. L. thinks.
" Then-shall-it-be, that-as-a-roe chased,
*' Or-as-a-sheep, when-there-is-no-one to-gather-them-
" together ;
" They-shall-be-looking, every-man for his-own-people ;
" Even-they-shall-endeavour-to-escape, each to his-own-
" land."
18. Read i"0 bv\ and afterwards prefix 1 to 7y.
20. The metre and sense reject the former abt, or
require a transposition of iy to the third place in the
verse. tc It-shall-not be-established again for-ever ;
" Nor-shall-it-be-inhabited from generation to-genera«
" tion."
Ch. XIV. 2. Prefix 7 for 7S\ 3, the third and
fourth words rvom Kirn. See Bp. L. and from 4. to
S3, inclusive, see Introduction.
24 — 27. A prophecy more speedily to be fulfilled
in the destruction of Sennacherib's army: as has ap
peared to Mr. D. and others.

OF ISAIAH, 59
i
" Sworn-hath Jehovah, saying :
" " Surely, surely, as I-have-devised,
" "So shall-it-be; even-as I-have-purposed,
" " It shall-be-established : lhat-the-Assyrian shall-be-
" " crushed
" ^n-my-land ; even-that-upon my-mountains I-will-
" " trample-him.
" " Then-sh all-depart from-upon-them, his-yoke:
" " Even-his-burden fiom-upon-their-shoulders shall-be«
" " rerpoved."
" This-is the-purpose wkick-is-purposed
" Concerning the-whole land :
" Even-this-is the-hand which-is-stretched-out
" Oyer all the-nations.
" Surely Jehovah God-rof hosts
" Hath-purposed ; and- who shall-prevent ?
" Even-his-hand is-stretched-out; and- who shall-draw-
" it-back?"
28. " This suffering was-rproclaimed."
29. "A-basilisk; eyen*-his-fruit a-fiery flying-serpent."
30. The poor and the needy seem to have been the
people of Judah and Jerusalem, who had been di
stressed by the Philistine enemy.
DiTDn " T/ie-choice-first-fruits." rmm " But-he-
( Hezekiah, the basilisk; Uzziah was the serpent; see
Bp. L.)-will-kill with- famine thy-root: Even-thy-
remnant with-the-sword (the metre requires nini)
wilHie-slay." 31. "The North." Jerusalem N. of Philistia.
" The smoke." Cloud of dust raised by Hezekiah's
army. See Bp. L. " The-poor-of his-people (the
harassed by the enemy ) shall-be-confident in-her."

60 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Ch. XV. 1.
" The-suffering-of Moab. Because entirely pYW)
" Ar is-destroyed ; the-Moabites are-rendered-silent!
<{ Because entirely is-laid- waste
" Kir ; the-Moabites are-reduced-to-silence !
2. " They-go-up to-tke-temple, even-to-Dibon :"— — •
4. Prefix 7 for by. 6. 1 for second 13. 7. 7 for by*
7. " Therefore the-reserves, wkich-they-had-made, even*
" their-deposits,
" The- Arabians" &c.
9. Prefix 1 in both places for 13. " Although-the-
waters-of Dimon," &c. The metre rejects rP~IN.
Ch. XVI. 1. ni7©.
" Sent-forth-is the-chief who-ruleth
" The-land, frornrthe-rock, through-trie- wilderness,
" Unto the-mount-of the-daughter-of Sion."
3. " Take-thou counsel, (Daughter of Sion!) procure-
" thou the-best-advice : —
6. " They-have-been very proud, even-prosperous :
" Even (have we heard of) the-haughtiness of-their«
" nobles. (V1D37 and d. 1 preceding.)
Begin v. 8. with DW33 *[«, and omit 13.
(f Surely grieved-are the-fields-of Heshbon":
," Languishetk the-vine-of Sibmah:
" The-lords-of the-nations have-beaten-down her-gene*
" rous-plants:
" Unto Jaazer are-they-even-come :
" Her-fugitives have-wandered in-the-wilderness ;
<{ Separately have-they-passed tbe-sea,

OF ISAIAH. 61
§. " Therefore I- will-weep with-the-weeping.of Jaazeri
" Vine-of Sibmah ! I-will-water-thee with-my-tears :
" Heshbon! even-EIeale! because-for thy-summer«fruits,
" Even-fbr thy- vintage the-shouting hath-not-been."
9. 7 forty, and 1 for 13. 11. 7 for ty. 12. The
metre rejects !WI3 '3. 12, " For their-altars,"-^-end the
verse ; — <( although-it-may-not be-pleasing."
See Bp. Horsley on Hosea, 2d ed. p. 97.
Ch.XVII. 1.
" The-suffering-of Damascus : ybr-Damascus shall*
" cease" (iTl)-~
2. " The-cities are-deserted; naked for-flocks
*i They-shall-be ; which-shall-lie-down, where-none
" shall-make-afraid."
5. " even-shall-it-be
(i As-when-one-gleaneth" &c.
8. The metre rejects nb near the end.
9. Let 3, commencing the sixth word, take place
of the preceding 1. Next read 1^X3. The metre re
jects 13DD. " In-that day shall
" T%-strong cities be-forsaken;
" As the-sons-of Israel would-forsake
(l The-bough or-the-topmost-branch ; even-every-
'*' (city)-shall-be desolate."
An interpolation of " from the face of the sons of
t' Israel" is suspected, and that the reading should
be;

62 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" As ' the-bougli or-the-topmost-branch
" Men-would-forsake ; even-every-(city)-shall-be de»
« solate."
10. 7 for by. Jacob in the 2d person being the
norh. case to the following verbs, the ¦> is superfluous
at the end of each.
11. rprf to be understood at the end.
13. " E^ra-that-they-shall-be-driven," 14.  " even-.
" where-are-they?"
 " Ewere-the-lot-of " &c.
Ch. XVIII. 1.
"Ho! to-the-land-of the-insect-noisy-of wing,
" Which-is on-the-rivers beyond Cush;" (transpose
the 2d and 3d words)
 " even-in vessels-of" &c.
An iambic of iEschylus, or some such Greek poet,
(to which reference is not at hand) describes the tzl-
tzl noise of the gnat effected by the vibration of its
winers. The sound of the above-mentioned word of
the text, the addition of ' wings' to it, and the
farther description of the land being on the rivers,
afforded reason to believe, that the land of Assyria,
particularly Babylonia, watered by the Tigris, and on
the Persian Gulf, was signified. The gnat might be
expected to swarm in such a country ; and which is
described by Bp. Lowth, on ch. xxi. ver. 1.
2. and 7. For ' smoothed' read levelled.
4. " For thus Jehovah hath-said :
" Wilh-myself I-will-sit-still, even-w ill-regard my*
" fixed-habitation.'

OF ISAIAH. 6$
Ch. XIX.. 4. End with mrv> am.
9. " Even-the-weavers-of net-work in-silk."
10. Read the third second, and the second fourth,
" Even shall-be-broken, all the-foundations-of
" The-makers-of strong-drink, tke-pools-of life."
11. The metre requires lxyi, before its substantive,
according to the Vulgate.
12. " Etien-let-them-tell thee now." The metre is
perfect. 13 and 14. " <Ae»-e/bre-they-have-caused-to-err" &c.
16. 17. (and 25.) The metre rejects rfliOX; a word,
that from the Jewish Greek of the N. T. is in the Te
Deum written Sabaoth, and sometimes pronounced,
not very cautiously, Sabbath. The word imports,
Hosts or Armies ; meaning all created intelligences,
particularly the celestial.
22. The metre rejects xism P)33. 23. In Mr, D. is
an accidental omission of " into Assyria and the
Egyptian." , Ch. XX. 2. After p the metre requires xiil.
Ch. XXI. 1.
" Tbe-suffering-of the-desert-of the-sea,
" Like-the-southern tempests, when-lkey-rusb. from-
" the-desert,
<{ Cometh from-the-terrible country."
That is, the suffering cometh : the middle line iu
parenthesis.

6£ READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
2. " The-plunderer will-be-plundered; even-the-destrdye*
" will-be-destroyed."
%1 and nnniDn. " For-there-is-an-end to-all his*pp«
" pressions."
ft. " The twilight, for-which-I-longed,
" Is-turned (Dili? Pahul) to-me into-'horror.''
6. For i31N read mn>.
10. " My-threshing, even-the-son-of my-floor ! that*
" which
" I-have-heard from Jehovah
" The-god-of Israel I-have-declared to-you."
11. " The-suffering-of-Dumah which-calleth to-me
" From-the-gate : "Watchman, what from-the-night ?
" " Watchman, what from-the-night?"
" The-watchman replieth; "Cometh the-morning ;
" " Even-also the-night. If ye-will-inquire,
" " Inquire-ye : come again.""
Dumah appears to have been a country between
Babylonia and Arabia. The suffering of Dumah is
therefore a continuation of the prophecy immediately
preceding. The answer of the watchman imports;
that there is a prospect of deliverance to the Jews :
but, that the night of the inquirer will continue long
enough to admit a future inquiry. The watchman is
the prophet.
13. A continuation of the prophecy of the flight
of the Babylonians through Dumah and Arabia, be
fore the Medcs and Persians, who were also to depo
pulate Arabia.
1G. mrv for vna. The metre rejects 17N. 17. Prefix
1 for 13.

OF tsALtfi- 65
Ch. XXII. 4.
" Haste-ye not to-comfort-me"—
6. " For-Elam hath-borne the-quiver i
" With'chariots they-have-brought-calamity (DTN)5
" even-with-horsemen :
" Even-the-wall hath-displayed the-shield."
Elam, a province of the Babylonian empire. Dr.
Blayney on Jer. xlix. 34. Nebuchadnezzar's inva
sion the subject.
13. end. Prefix 1 for P. 15. b for 7y first. The
metre rejects the two words : " And-say unto-him."
x
16. " A-sepulchre-of one-who-heweth-out on-high his-
" sepulchre :
" Who-graveth in-the-rock an-habitation for-himself«'T
25. The metre rejects m«ns.
Ch. XXIII. 1.
" The-suffering-of Tyre! howl-ye,
" Ye-ships-of Tarshish! for desolation-is
" Of-houses, of-harbor, of-Ianding
" To-the-sea-Worn : it-is-evident to-them."
3. " Even-through-the-great waters the-grain-ofthe-Niger,
" Even-the-harvest-of the-Nile, her-imports ;
" Even-hath-she-been the-mart-of nations."
4. u " I-have-not been-in-labor ; (neither have I) brought-
" forth :
" " Neither have-1-nourished youths;
" " Neither have-I-educated virgins.""

'&1-

A poetical prosopopoeia of the sea, which was a
strong fortress to the fugitive Tyrians, the children of

a

6G

READINGS AND INTERPRETATION*

Sidon, in this manner expressing herself: ' I protect
' those, of whom I have not travailed ; whom I have
' not, as a mother, brought forth/ &c.
The former K71 the metre does not require, nor the
construction the latter 7 of the ancient MS. See Bp.
Lowth. 8. Prefix 7 for by.
10. LXX, Arabic, and Mr. D. rrrON 13, and nrn.
" Cultivate thy-land : for the-ships-of
*' Tarshish (come) not thence any-more.
11. " His-hand he-who-hath-extended over the-sea,
" He-who-hath-made-to-tremble kingdoms, Jehovah
" hath-commanded,
'" Concerning (Tyre) the-merchant-city, to-destroy
<l |ier-strong-holds. 12. " Ye-sea-worn-mariners !
" Arise-ye, pass-ye-over, even there (upon the sea)
st No rest-shall-be • to-any-one-of-you."
The translation " sea-worn-mariners," in this
place, or in v. 1. seems to interfere little with Abp.
Seeker's and Dr. Blayney's interpretation of Chittim,
" the west:" because the great sea, or Mediterranean,
tvas west of Palfestine,
13. " They -raised thc-observatories : thcy-set-up
" Tlic-pahices-thercof: one-hath-reduced-it to-a-ruin."
This v. 13. respecting the origin and fall of the
Chaltla'ans, seems quite out of place, and should at
least appear a parenthesis.
15. " Thcic-shall-hc to-Tyre as-the-song-of llie-Aoitew.

OF ISAIAH, $7
16. " Take-thou the-lyre ; go-thou-about the-oity ;
" Hostess long-forgotten', strike-thou skilfully:
" Multiply-thou the-song: that thou-mayest-be-recol-
« lected."
4,7. " When-she-shall-be-restored to-her-intercourse ;
" even-shall-supply-provision
C{ To all the-kingdoms-of the-earth," &C.
See Genesis, ch. xlix. v. 20. See also LXX. and
Mr. D.
Ch, XXIV. Invasion of Tyre.
S. " Even-hatk-it-been, as-with-the-people," &c.
The Vaus are merely copulative, and the prasters
prophetic. See p. 34. and Kennicott, State of the
Hebr. Text, p. 37. As with the Tyrians and Sidoni-
ans, the people, the servant, the handmaid, the buy
er, the lender, the usurer ; so with the inhabitants of
Jerusalem, the priest, &c. The order in the original
is : " as-with-the-lender, so-with-the-bbrrower ;
** As-with-the-usurer, so-with-the-giver-of-usury to-
« him."
13. " The centre of the land :" i. e. at Samaria.
14. Tyre, at the end of seventy years, shall sing.
" The- waters (of the sea) shall-resound" &c.
15. " In-the-distant-coasts;" whither they had fled.
16. Nebuchadnezzar's invasion, &c. of Judaea
seems to be described through the remainder of the
chapter. The uttermost or eastern wing of Palestine,

68 HEADINGS .AND INTERPRETATIONS
from. Tyre and Sidon in the west of it, was Judsea.
Samaria was a " centre of the land," v. 13. between
them. 20. The second word of this verse, originally the
3. f. pr. Hithpahel following its infinitive Kal; has,
by the falling of an n from each side of it, been left
a 3. f. fut. Kal: but, the three synonymo-synthetic
. parallels of v. 19. indicate the true reading.
SI. " Even-shall-it-be in-that day,
" When-Jehovah shall-call-to-account the-host
" Which-is-high upon-its-kigk-place ; even-the-
" kings-of
" The-earth upon the-earth :
22. '' That-they-shall-be-gathered a-collection for the-pjt;
(transpose Tt>K beyond 113D1. )
" Even-they-shall-be-shut-up prisoners in a-prisan-
" house :
" Even-after-many days account-shall -be-taken-.of-
" them."
See Bp. Lowth's note, concluded by Sir I. New
ton's excellent observations.
Thus far invasion, &c. In the following chapter
is deliverance. Ch. XXV. l. See xxiv. 14. S. " The city." Ba
bylon. " The proud ones." 3. 7 for 7y. End of
4. prefix 1 for 13. 5. yns nvsn, and supply 3 as be
fore. 6. The feast of joyful restoration to Judah.
10. Moab, the neighbouring, seems placed for
every enemy of Judah.
11.  " even-shall-one-bring-down his-pride,
" Together- with the-walled-towns-of his*coasts.

©F ISAIAH. 69
Ch.XXVI. l.
" Safety shall-one-place in- walls, even-in-buiwarks,
«. " Open-ye the-gates: even-let-enter
" The-nation that-is-acquitted, (seech. xiv. 13.) that-
maintaineth settled-truths :
3.' 123 -pOTI-
" Even-that-is-susfained as-a-rock in-perfect tran-
" quillity ;
"Because in-thee is-its-confidence.
4. " Trust-ye in-Jehovab for-the-long-continuances,
"'" Until that he-afford-consolation ;
u Jehovah the-rock-of ancient-times."
The last word of the first of these metres is con
sidered as the preposition in the plural form of a re-
.jgent, the rectum of which is the whole of the second
rnetre. The two first words of this also seem to be
in the same construction and sense as in Gen. xlix. 10.
and requiring a future verb, the Yod of which, fol-
'lowing another, might easily be lost. The verb from
the Syriac is afforded by Michaelis upon Lowth, ed.
.Ox. p. 141.
iy without a prefix seems to be the preposition for,
until; excepting where the sense requires something
very different, e. g. the substantive, prey, or the verb,
he hath testified, with its substantive ; as ch. viii. 2.
and ix. 5. which latter passage is considered as re
ferring to the former. With a prefix Aben Esra ap
pears to esteem it a concise locution. In a place like
this, the 1 might have been a 1 and attached to the
following repetition ; both words standing as the con
cise locution of [for ever even-for ever,' Ch. Ivii. 15.

70 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
the word should have b prefixed, as Mr. D. has
shown in his references, and as it is lxiv. 9. and
Amos i. 11. The preposition, Habak. iii. 6. concise
ly implies, and comprehends, the meaning of the ad
jective at the end of the following parallel.
5. " He-hath-brought-her-down to the-earth," ap
pears to be an- accidental omission in Mr. D.
§. " Surely according-as thy-written-laws have-been-upon-
" the-earth ;
(Access to them on restoration from captivity.)
" Restoration (see v. 2.) have-learned the-inhabitants-of
" the-world."
11. "Jehovah! thine-hand hath-been-lifted-up :
" Those-who-have-not seen, let-see:
" Even-let-them-be-ashamed by-the-zeal-of the-people:
" Also let-the-fire-of thine-enemies devour-them."
13. " Jehovah, our-God, our-inheritance ! (137H3)
" Have-been-our-masters lords besides-thee :
(l In-our-hearts (13337) will-wc-bruig-to-remembrance
" thy-name."
Thus far the song celebrates restoration from Ba
bylon: the eighi. following verses recall Sennacherib's
defeat to remembrance.
14. " The-dead shall-not be-brought-to-life :
" The-deceased shall-not rise :
" Therefore hast-thou-visited, even-hast-thou-destroy-
" ed-them :
xi Even-that-tkou-mightest-make-to-perisk all remem-
" brance of-them."
16. Bp. L. seems right. In the fourth place r.
ispys.

OF ISAIAH, 71
IS.  ." we-have-been-as-if we-kad-brought-forth :
" By-a-wind-of mighty-salvation hath-the-land been-
" preserved :
" Even-by-it have-fallen the-inhabitants-of the-world."
Assyria by the thunder-storm.
17S3 nm y-i« ny©i3 nnyisv rrnn.
21. at the end. The metre rejects my.
Ch. XXVII. 1. the end. The metre rejects ~Wtf,
which the sense requires in the fourth place of v. 2.
2. " In-that day shall-be-a- vineyard,
" Concerning- which one- will-desire to-sing-respon-
"sively." nWTQn.
7. " Hath-he-smitten-him accord ing-to-the-smiting-of
" those-who-smotc-him ?
" Hath he-slain-him according-to-tke-slaughter-of
" those-who-slew-him f "
This 7th v. refers to Jacob or Israel : the following
respects the same, under the similitude of a vine.
8. " Moderately, when-it-shooteth-forth, wilt-thou-prune-
" it, even-(n3an:n)-train-it :
" That-it-may-escape misfortune in-the-day-of tke-
" east- wind."
11. The Bp. right.
12. " Even-shall-it-be in-that day, —
" Whcn-Jehovah shall-make-a-shaking-of-his-fruit,
" frotn-the-flood-of the-river,
" Unto the-stream-of Egypt, —
" Tlmt-ye shall-be-gleaned-up one
" By-one, ye-sons-of Israel !
13, " Even-shall-it-be m-tbat day,. — -

72 READINGS ANrj INTERPRETATIONS'
" When-shall-be-sounded with-a-great tinmpet,— "
" ThaMhey-shall-come" &c.
These two last-vv. alone. seem to indicate, the sub
ject of this and the two preceding chapters, the fall
of Assyria or Babylon, and Egypt ; with the conse
quent restoration of Judah and Jerusalem.
Ch. XXVIII. I. The woe denounced appears to
have been Shalmeneser's invasion. Mr. D.'s transla
tion omits the latter part of this verse, in which the1
description of Samaria is thus continued:
" which-is
" Upon the-top-of the-valley-of
" The-rich, who-are-stupefied with-wine!"
3. " Under-foot shall-be-trodden the-crowns-of
" The-pride-of the-dnmkards-of Ephraim.
4« " Even-sh all-be the-fading flower -of
" Their-glorious beauty, which-is
" Upon the-top-of the-valley-of the-rich,
" As-the-early-fruit before the-summer ;" &c.
7. end. The Bp. has not, as Mr. D. has, availed
himself of the preface, p. xv. to the second ed, of
the accurate Mr. Peters upon Job.
11. " Surely, with-foreign lips,
" Even-wit h-strange tongues he-will-speak
" Unto this people."
Mr, D. right in the adjective: but St. Paul's
citation, ( 1 Cor. xiv. 21.) is from the law, not from
Isaiah ; and as neither in Deuteronomy (xxviii. 49.)
nor iu the prophet, appear these words of the apostle^

OF ISAIAH. 73
u And even then they will not hear me, saiih Jehovah,"
in immediate succession, — it must be presumed, that
they were quoted by St. Paul from the end of the fol
lowing verse ; but yioiy is there rejected by the metre.
Translate ;
" For-when he-said unto-them :
" This-is the-resting-place ; give-ye-rest unto-the-
" weary ;
" Even-lhis-is the-restoration : then-they -would not.'
i. e. they rejected.
The verb is the same as in ch. xxx. v. 15, end.
16. The metre rejects vntf.
" Therefore thus saith Jehovah :
" Behold-me founding in-Sion a-stone ;
" An-approved stone-of the-corner ;
" Precious, immoveably fixed !
" He,-who-believeth, shall-not be-at-a-loss:" —
Future Hiphil of wn3, shall not be made to resort
to augury, or conjecture. This verse seems literally
to refer to the 2d or Zerubbabel's temple: under
which the Mosaical law was to remove idolatry.
18. Houbigant and Seeker excellently "ism.
" Even-shall-be-broken your-covenant with death;
" Even-your-interview with Sheol:" —
The metre rejects ' shall-not-stand.' Shalmeneser's
invasion is denoted by the latter parts of this and of
the preceding verse.
28. Prefix 1 for 13.

74 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
29. '.' This also from-the-will-of Jehovah
" God-of hosts •proceedeth;"
(i. e. the like to the work of the husbandman will be
the action of Jehovah with his people, )
" Who-is-wonderful in-counsel, great in-existence."
Ch. XXIX. The invasion by Sennacherib, and
the subsequent prosperous state of the kingdom under
Hezekiah, as Bp. Lowth rightly judges, are the
general subjects of this and the four following chap
ters. Ariel is Jerusalem;
" The-city where-David encamped." (vv. L and 3.)
2. Exclude *> and read : —
"mourning, even-sorrow;
" Even-shall-be to-thee, Ariel!"
5, 6. The destruction of Sennacherib's army de
scribed. 9. " Wonder-ye greatly! even-observe-ye with-astonish-
" ment!
" Be-ye-drunken : but-not with-wine !
uStagger-ye: but-not with-ebriety !"
The first line seems to consist of two verbs 2. m. p.
imp. each Hithp. succeeded by its respective Kal. A
parallel passage to the former verb in Hithp. and Kal is
in Habak. i. 5. The two conjugations, either thus
connected, or inversely, as in ch. xxiv. 19^ appear to
express great intensity.
is. mm for vrm. 

OF ISAIAH. 75
" while-their-heart
" Is-far from-me; even-is tbeir^fear
" Towards-me, taught by-the-precepts-of men:
14. " Therefore behold-me again making-wonderful
" This people a- wonder :
" Even-it-shal|-be-wonderful, when-shall-perish the-
" wisdom-of its-wise-men,
" Even-the-prudence-of its-prudent shall-disappear.
15. w Woe to-thpse-who-would-be-deeper than-Jehovah
" In-hiding counsel : so-that-every-one-is
" In-the-dark respecting-their-transactions : even-who-
" have-said," &c.
16. " Ye-make-co»fusion, if the-same-are-the-clay and-
" the-pqtter ;
" If-thinks (173^1) even-speaks the- work against-its-
" maker ;
" " He-hath-not made-me:" even-if-the-thing-formed
" say
" To-its-former, " He-hath-no understanding."
17. " Shall-it-not-be but a-very short-time,
" Ere-Lebanon be-turned into-Carmel ;
" Even-Carmel be-accounted a-forest?"
Possibly in- these two last metres, the rasing of So
lomon's temple built with the cedars of Lebanon, and
the second temple, may have been designed. See
ch. xxxii. 19.
It may be observed of the 13th verse, that St. Mat
thew and St. Mark, or the writers of the Gospel ac
cording to St. Matthew and St. Mark, in recording
the quotation by our Saviour, have given it from the
LXX, or from a copy of the original which the LXX
followed. The meaning of the original, the LXX,
and the quotation from the latter, appears to be not

76 READINGS A1*D INTERPRETATIONS
materially different ; distinguishing between the ex
ternal fear or worship of God, the effect of human
precept, and that which is internal or from the heart.
18. " Then-shall-hear in-that day the-deaf
" The-words-of the-book, even-out-of-darkness; even-
" out-of-obscurity,
" The-eyes-of the-blind shall-see.
19. " The-meek-also m-Judah (1 inserted) shall-increase
" their-joy :
" Even-the-needy amongst-men in-Israel shall-exult."
The metre rejects W)lp.
21. " Who-perverted the-words-of men,
" Even-were-troublesome to-him-who-pleaded in-the-
" gate,
ii Even-turned-aside the-acquitted to-seem-vain."
Ch. XXX. l.
" Woe to-the-sons who-are-rebellious
" In-forming purposes, but-not from-me ;
" Even-in- ratifying covenants, but-not by-my-spirit :
" In-adding (d. pft3) sin to sin.'
The metre so often rejects mm QK3, saith Jehovah,
that it might almost tacitly be omitted in any place.
6. " *The-suffering-of the-beasts-of the-soutb," &c. >
1. " For- Egypt-is vanity ; even-emptiness is-its-help :
(d. Yod.)
" Therefore I-have-named Rahab, (Egypt,) Supine."
* The beasts of the South seem to have been laden with heavy
presents to meet the princes and ambassadors at Tsoan and Hanes
in Egypt : who came no farther, and even there discovered the
impotency of their country against Assyria.

OF ISAIAH. 77
The metre rejects rw. Also in v. 9, the latter D-33.
10. " Who have-said to-the-seers ;
" Ye-see not : even-to-the-prophets ;
" Ye-prophesy not to-us right-things:
" Speak-ye to-us smooth-words, deceit*."
The metre rejects itn ; and the verbs of the two
preceding metres are not futures imperatively, ( which
the want of inversion in the letters of the negative
particles confirms, ) but futures frequentative, or ex
pressing that which any one is accustomed to do.
Such futures stand without a 1 conversive, and are
both prospective and retrospective. In the present
instance they are pregnant with derision upon the
seers, and upon the prophets. Each verb with its ne
gative implies to the effect of one of the following
lines :
Seers though ye be, ye never will see, because ye never have
been accustomed to see.
Prophets though ye be, ye never will prophesy truth, because
ye never have been so accustomed.
1 1 . The metre rejects the proper name at the end,
which seems borrowed from the beginning of the
following verse.
13, end. The metre rejects Nini. Also 17, the
former ITMi.
" A-thousand at the-rebuke-of one,
" At the-rebuke-of five yc-shall-(all)-flee."
This passage, and the two which Bp. Lowth com-

78 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
pares with itx am a}l three very, different, If, as in
the passage in Deut. xxxii. 30, two were to put ten
thousand to flight, why should ten thousand only,
and not rather all; be represented as fleeing at the re
buke of five; especially as the proportions in the
former part, both of that and of the present passage,
are the same ?
The metre is full as above translated, and affords no
room for the word either of the LXX, or of Bp. Lowth.
13— r-17. Nebuchadnezzar's invasion is foretold,
18 — 26. Promise of restoration.
18. " But-nevertheless he-will-lift-up-himself to-have-
mercy-upon-you :
(No change of letter, as Bp. L. thinks.)
" Surely Jehovah-is the-God-of the-written-law :
" Blessed-are all who-wait for-it."
19. The metre is here also full without the Bp.'s,
supply from the LXX.
" Surely the-people in to-Sion skall-return."
But both the metre and the preceding use of the
adverbial infinitive before the future seem to require
them also at the end of the verse : "|3yi 13y.
" No-sooner-shall-he-hear, than-he-shall-assMreJ^ an-
" swer-thee."
20. " Although-Jehovah will-give — "
5^372)1 « be-restrained"—
The metre rejects ritf, which also seems super
fluous after the participle of the neuter verb. 21. The
rnetre rejects nDK7,

OE1 ISAIAH. f-Q
— — " Although ye-would-turri-to-the-right : even-al-
" though ye-Would-tufn-td-^ke-left."
"22. Plural. " 5%-shall-cast-thfem-away
" As a-polluted-garment ; of -which (the metre and
" idiom require "ItEN)
"K-shall-say to-them, Be-gone."
27. to the end. Destruction of Sennacherib's army.
28. " Even-his-blast." See ch. xxxi. 3., xxxiii. 11.,
and xxxvii. 7. End, b for by.
31. " Swely by-the-voice-of," &c.
Ch. XXXI. Written against a disposition in He
zekiah, or his ministers, to hire cavalry from Egypt.
1. " But-they-have-not 03JW) leaned-for-support"—
Prefix 7 for lastly.
2. " Therefore-also as-he-is wise;
" So-hath-he-introduced calamity;" 
Mr. D. right. The Assyrian, " the house of the
wicked:" his allies, " the helpers of those that work
iniquity." 3. " For-the-Egyptian is-rrian ; certainly-not God :
" Even-tbeir horses are-flesh; certainly-not *a-blast:
" Therefore- Jehovah will-stretch-forth his-hand :
" So-that-shall-stumble the-helper (the ally); even-
" shall-fall the-holpen" (the Assyrian) : 
4. 5. The metre rejects iTlNntf.
?. Repeat ttWI.'
* See xxx. 28., xxxiii. 11., and'xxxvii.-?.

SO READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
— " Even-every-man his-idols-of gold :
" Which their-own-hands have-made to-them."
8. " When-he-shall-flee, not on-account-of the-sword : — "
Ch. XXXII. I.
" Shall-not after-the-deliverance (from Sennacherib) a-
" king reign ?
" Even-shall-not-princes according-to-written-Iaw
rule?"
The king was (literally) Hezekiah, as Bp. L. in
his introductory note to ch. xxix. seems to acknow
ledge. The first eight verses are (literally) a de
scription of the general prosperity and confidence of
his reign. In settling the literal meaning of this or
any other passage in the prophet, it is not designed
to interfere with the extension of that which may
have appeared to have been the first, and, as it may
have been thought, temporary meaning, to future
and more sublime applications ; it having been
allowed to have been the general tendency of the
inspired writers to make present local subjects the
types and means of conveying the most important re
velations of universal concern.
From the 9th v. to the end, it is apprehended that
the captivity by Nebuchadnezzar, and its conse
quences, are described; according to the prophet's
custom, before noticed, of making prophecies, of
invasion and captivity, and of deliverance and re
storation, to succeed each other.
14. " Ophel, even-the- watch-tower hath- been
" Converted-into" &c.

OF ISAIAH*. 81
A prophetic praeter. See ch. v. 1.3. and xliiL 14.
In this and the preceding verses3 the Bp. generally
right. 15. " Until there-be-stirred-up towards-us a-spirit
(literally; as is believed, the mind of the great Cyrus.)
" From-above : so-that-the-wilderness be
" A-fruitful-field ; and-Carmel-itself be-accounted &•
" forest."
Or, the site of the temple turned into a fruitful field
again be built upon with cedars.
Great revolution expressed, as Bp. L. thinks. See
his note on ch. xxix. 17.
16. " Then-shall-dwell in-the- wilderness written-law:
(Religion was to be restored immediately on their de
parture out of Babylon )
" Even-deliverance in-the*fruitful-field sball-residei
17. " Then-shall-be the- work-of deliverance peace:
" Even-the-effect-of deliverance tranquillity;
" Even-security for a-long-time:"- 
The disposition in the early translators of the Bible
to spiritualise as much as possible in their interpreta
tions, has perhaps no where occasioned greater error
and confusion than in their rendering of the word in
Micah vi. 5 ; which there, as well as in these vv. sig
nifies temporal deliverance. Translating if in Micah,
righteousness; or, as Dr. Wheeler in the plural of in
tensity, the great rightc&usness, removed the attention
of the. translator from the two deliverances specified
vv. 4, 5. and occasioned the fictions of Bps. Butler
and Lowth, and Mr. Peters. See ch. Ii. 5.
M

82 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
19. 3 for 3 in both metres.
" Even-accor^mg-io-the-descending, when-the-foresf
" shall-descend ;
" Even-ficcorflfozg-fo-its-liurniliaiion sball-tbc-city be-
" humbled."
That is, as the forest, Lebanon, or the temple built
with its cedars, had been humbled, so should also
Babylon be humbled,
20. This verse seems to relate to the return from
captivity, and is best expressed by Mr*. D.
Ch. XXXIII. Notwithstanding the temporary
prosperity consequent upon the good reign of Heze
kiah, and on account of which the captivity was to
be deferred, the awakening denunciation of the in
vasion by Sennacherib is repeated. To the end of
the xxxvth chapter, Isaiah's prophecies seem to have
been delivered before the commencement of the reign
of Hezekiah.
1, 3, 4. The prophet to Sennacherib.
2. Ejaculation of the prophet.
5. The prophet to Hezekiah.
2. Dr. Blayney, Notes on Jerem. xxi. 1?.
" Be-thou theh -support to-those-that-scck."
4. Prefix 3 in the third place, instead of the D of
the preceding word.
" But-skall-be-gathered thy-spoil, (Sennacherib) as-
" the- loci ist gnthcrcth :
" As-the-running-to-and-fro-ol' the-calcrpiflar, (pVD)
" will-be-tbc-iuuning-to-and-fro upon-it."

OF ISAIAH. g$
o. Prefix 1 for 13.
— " He-hath-filled Sion witk-vyritten-law, even-witk-
" deliverance :"
See ch. xxxii. 16, 17.
G. Concerning Hezekiah ;
« " So-that-the-stability-of thy-times bath-been firm ;
" Even-the-help-of wisdom and-knowledge."
Prophetic praters. See ch. xxxii. 14.
10, 11. To Sennacherib's army.
11. Abp. Seeker. " My spirit." Rather, as rightly
Mr. D. ch. xxxvii. 7, " my wind;" meaning the
blast, or destructive thunder-storm. See ch. xxx. 28.
and xxxi. 3.
14. — " Who can-dwell among-us?
" The-fire consumeth. Who can-dwell
" Among-us? The-burnings-are continued."
In reply to these doubts of the sinners and profane
in Sion, who trembled at the sight of the lightnings
consuming the Assyrian army, the character of He
zekiah is described v. 15.
" He-wlio-walketh conformally-to-kis-givat-delivex-
" ance, even-spcaketh " &:c.
In this v. repeat the last letter of the first word, and
the first of the third, thus reading mipTi3, in the
sense expressed ch. xxxii. 16, 17.
So Ps. 1. 1. where possibly the two first verbs
should change places. This Ps. has been considered
an introduction to the rest, and not by David ; whose
title to more than about eight or nine of the hundred
and fifty is questioned. More than a hundred, the

§1

READINGS AKD INTERPRETATIONS

first also amongst them, seem to have been composed
by Isaiah, principally in behalf of Hezekiah, and on
the subjects of the Assyrian enemy and of the king's
sickness. See on ch. xxxviii. IS and 20. This ob
servation claims for the text of Matth. xiii. 35. the
word yo-a'ia, for which Dr. Griesbach has adduced so
much evidence, and which may be believed to have
been in most of the Greek MSS. in Jerom's time. See
Michaelis 's Introduction by Marsh, voL iii. p. 1, 2d
ed. p. 160.
" Proposals of cruelty," The Bp. right.
17. Hezekiah prosperous.
- — — " the-land-of the-distant-people."
The words generally signify, "a far country;"
but here they may denote, the land, of which the
people then at a distance lately had possession. See
ch. xxxi. 9.
18.  " he-that-numbered the towers ?"
To tax them during the necessity of the siege:
says Hammond. The thunder-storm having swept
away the Assyrian besiegers, the Jewish tax-officers,
which the necessity of that siege had occasioned, no
longer continued.
19. Mr. D. right. 23. The metre transposes ~ty.
Concerning Sennacherib's army.
" Their-cords have-been-so-relaxed ; that-tbey-wilb
" not be-able-to-make-them-last :
" Not firm-is thcir-mast :
" They-have-not spread thc-ensign.
" Then hath-bcen-divided the-spoil in-abundance :
" Until the-lame have-sprung upon-the-prey :" —
See Bp. h.

OP KAIAH. 85
This and the following v. in prophetic praters, see
ch. xxxii. 14.
24, end. Prefix 1, and read in the second place
nnn^n. " Even-the-people who-return (from their sin) have-
" been-forgiven thelr-siu."
Ch. XXXIV. 1. The metre requires ibti, as Bp. L.
from MS. authority proposes. God's protection of
his own people, the righteous part of the Jewish na
tion, is expressed by the prediction, in this chapter,
of the general destruction of their enemies, the
neighbouring nations, to be inflicted by Nebuchad
nezzar. See Jer. ix. 26. and Dr. Blayney thereon,
Appendix, p. 341. The last metre of this v. it is
believed, denotes the Assyrian empire, which, before
the accomplishment of the prophecy, was swallowed
up in the Babylonian,
— — " The-powerful-empire, even-the-whole-of ker-
" population.
3. " Even-their-slain shall-be-cast-out : even-from-tkeir-
" carcasses shall-ascend
" Their-* offensive-smell : even-sliall-be-dissolved the-
" mountains by-their-blood :
4. " Even-shall-waste-away all the-host-of-the heavens:
* Bp. L. might thus have avoided the old translation, accord
ing to Abp. Newcome's Rule I. Preface to Minor Prophets, p. xxii,
f"he passages, 1 Kings, xiv. 10., xxi. 21.; and 2 K. ix. 8. might
have been " every one, even the infant and the infirm in Israel :"
which possibly is nearer to the meaning than Bahrdt's vmctus et
liber, bound and free, that is, all. Abp. Newcome on Malachi ii. 12.
See ch. xxxvi. 12.

66 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Even-shall-be-rolled-up the-heavens as-a-scroll :
" Even-all the-host-of-them shall-wither :
" As-withereth the-leaf from-the-vine ;
" Even-as-blightetk the- fig from-the-fig-tree, it-shall-
" be-cut-off."
Previously to the last word of v. 4. should be in
serted two letters ]a, and added to the same word
from v. 5. should be mis'1; although thereby the fa
vourite poetical figure, ' My sword is made drunken
in the heavens,' is forgone. All the host of the
heavens (that is, all the kingdoms circumjacent to
Judaea; see Sir Isaac Newton on the Prophecies,
quoted by Bp. Lowth at the end of ch. xxiv. ) is
compared with a falling vine-leaf, and with a blighted
fig. 5. " For-from (ftl instead of 3H) the-heavens the-sword-
" of Jehovah (mPT)
" Upon Edom shall-descend :
(So, on Moab, ch. xxv. 10.)
" Even-upon the-people by-him-devoted ("1 for <1) ac-
" cording-to-wrilten-law."
6, end. " Surely a-slaughter hath- Jehovah in-Bosra:
" Even-a-great carnage in-the-land-of Edom."
7. " Their-land" — Edom. 9. " Its-torrents— its-
dust"— -Edom's. " The-land"— Edom.
10, end. The metre requires m affix, instead of TO
separate. .
11, end. Bp. L. rightly adds the first word of v. 12,
with the preposition repeated,

OF ISAIAH. 87
" Even-the-plummet-of emptiness over her-scorched-
" plains."
14, end. " Also there the-screech-owl hatb-regained :
(Dr. B. on Jer. vi. 16.)
" Even-hath-found to-herself a-place-of-rest."
Prophetic praters: also to the middle of v. 17. See
ch. xxxii. 14.
15, end. Join the first word of v. 16.
 " Their-females have-sought each-other:
16. " From-the-writing-of the-book-of Jehovah they-have-
" becn-named :
" One among-the-females hath-not been-missed :
" Each ber-fellow-female, they-have-not been-without.
" Surely the-moutb-of Jehovah hath-commanded :
" Even-an-instinct-from-him hath-doubtless assem-
" bled-them.
17. " Even-the-same (instinct) bath-cast for-tkem the-lot :
" Even-his-hand hath-divided to-them by-line:
" For a-long-time shall-they-possess-it :
" From-generation to-generation shall-they-dwell
" therein." (Edom, v. 9.)
This pairing attachment of the female vultures to
each other, in the desolated land of Edom, which
they were destined to possess, is proposed to the con
templation of naturalists. Bochart, in his Hiero-
zoicon, may not have noticed it; if, like all the Eng
lish translators hitherto, he has not discovered this
meaning of the original.
Ch. XXXV. 1. Transpose the stop at the end of
v. 1 . six words beyond, or two wdiole metres, at the
end of which read pnn, the first of the letters from.

88 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
the preceding word. Let the whole be the first
Verse. I. " Shall-be-glad the-desert, even-the- waste :
" Even-shall-rejoice tbe-wilderness, even-shall-flourish :
" As-the-rose it-shall-exceedingly flourish, even-rejoice :
" Also with-gladness skall-it-(the desert)-sing," (As fol
lows to the end of the chapter.)
THE SONG OF THE DESERT.
2. " The-glory-of Lebanon is-given (r. Iv) to-it:" —
i. e. to Lebanon ; or to the temple originally built,
and, after the general destruction of the nations, to
be rebuilt of its cedars. The verb is in the pro
phetic prater, Lebanon, i. e. the Temple, ch. x. 34.
fell by the mighty hand of Nebuchadnezzar.
That this and the preceding chapter, as Bp. Lowth
asserts, (Notes on Isaiah, and Pralection xx.) make
one distinct prophecy, cannot be allowed. Rather,
in. the first thirty-five chapters the prophet delivers
the vision, or series of visions, which he saw until
the end of the reign of Ahaz, consisting of a mix
ture of denunciations and consolatory views. The
thirty-sixth chapter introduces the reign of Hezekiah,
during which the prophet saw all the remainder of
his vision. " These (Carmel and Sharon) shall-sec the-glory-of
" Jehovah, tke-bcauty-of our-God."
That ' this and the foregoing chapters seem to he
the words of God,' as Mr. D. asserts, cannot also be
allowed. Mr. D.'s reference to ch. xxxiv. 5. pr*r

OF ISAIAH. 89
sumes a reading in the first person ; whereas the pre
sent proposed interpretation of it is in the third.
3. The prophet, in this commencement of the
Song of the Desert, foreshows the preparation of the
return from the Babylonian captivity :
" " Be^ye-strengthened, ye-feeble hands:
" " Even-ye-tottering knees, be-ye-eonfirmed :
" " Say-ye to-the-* unsettled-in heart, Be-ye-resolute ;
" " Fear-ye not: Is-it-not your-God?
" " Yengeance is-come ; the-retribution-of God :
" " He-himself is-come ; even-tkat-ke-may-save-you."
With this prophecy were the pious Jews in Baby
lon to confirm the minds of each other. The two
latter metres are in future relative verbs, expressing
the present tense, sufficiently denoted by the word
commonly translated, Behold! See ch. xxxii. 1., and
xl. 10 and 15.
The 5th and 6th verses foretel the general gladness
of those who prepared to return from captivity; even
the blind, the deaf, the lame, and the dumb, joining
in the exultation. Michaelis on Lowth, p. 109.
7. The wilderness, through which they were to
pass, is described. Mr. D. rightly adopts Dr. Ken-
nicott's emendation and interpretation.
" " In-the-haunt-of couching dragons,
" " Grass-is instead-of-the-reed, eren-of-the-bulrush."
Lowth, de Sacr. Poes. Hebr. ed. oct. p. 280.
8, end. Abp. Seeker's emendation and interpreta
tion also Mr. D. well adopts from the above place :
" " But-let-apt fail passengers :" —
* Ch. xxxii. 4-.
N

90 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
After the destruction of the neighbouring nations,'
and the return of the Jews from captivity, the way
to the temple at Jerusalem was to continue not un
frequented by proselytes from idolatry to the faith of
the one true God. Accordingly, from those times
until the promulgation of the Gospel, many from
the nations surrounding Judaea embraced the Jewish
faith. To the same effect has appeared to have been
the prophecy contained in the first four verses of the
second chapter.
The conclusion of the XXXVth chapter seems to
close the prophet's vision seen during the reign of
Ahaz. The ensuing historical chapters introduce
the reign of Hezekiah, and form a division between
the preceding and the subsequent part of the pro
phetic writing.
The Song of the Desert, with which the former
part of Isaiah's general prophetic work concludes,
may in this place not appear unacceptable to the
English reader, in metres correspondent to those of
the original ; and, in plan and sentiments, such as
an attention to the subject and experience also, pos
sibly not inferior to those of his most exalted prede
cessors, have developed to the present interpreter of
the prophet.
THE SONG OF THE DESERT.
Isaiah, ch. xxxv. ver. 2.
Boast, Lebanon, again the seat divme !
Carmel and Sharon* in new splendor shine !

OF ISAIAH. 91
Once more thy cedars veil Jehovah's face :
Once more your fields with fruit our God shall grace.
Ye hands relax'd ! be with fresh sinews strung :
Ye yielding knees of age ! once more be young.
Bid each unsettled heart in God be bold :
Dispel your fears ; your present God behold !
Crush'd is Chaldasa by his vengeful rod :
He, captives ! he is come ; your Saviour, God.
E'en the blind view him with unclouded eye :
E'eh list the deaf salvation's joyful cry :
E'en leap the gladsome lame, like bounding deer :
E'en now the dumb their own loud carols hear.
The deep canal the wither'd plains divides :
Across the desert torrents roll their tides :
"Where gleam'd the sand, the pool's wide waters spread;
And quench'd is thirst at many a fountain's head :
No steril haunt the couching dragon knows :
Rich pasture springs, where reed and bulrush rose.
Here, captives ! is your causey ; — e'en a road,
God's own highway to Sion's blest abode!
No foot unclean profane this sacred ground :
But ever on it be God's faithful found :
Where devious paths no simple folk shall tread :
Near which to roam shall hungry lions dread.
E'en upon it no beasts of prey shall rise ;
No lordly tiger meet the traveler's eyes.
But now proceed the claim'd ; — God's ransom'd race
With songs returning Sion's causey trace :
For, Sion's ancient lays their thoughts employ. (Ps. cxxxvii. 6.)
Sion they reach, fit theme of mirth and joy.
Captives! youh sighs are fled: you griefs no more annoy.

Ch. XXXVI. 6. The king of Assyria having re-

92 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
cently returned from Egypt, (ch. x. 24.) after having
subjugated it, his officer very significantly terms it,
* the broken reed.' See also ch. xxx. 5.
7. The metre rejects, ' and-whose altars.'
12, end. " That-they-may-NOT-(Syr. and Bp. L.)-le-sub-
" jected to all
" The-extremities-of a-siege in-company-with-you ?"
The purport of the unpolished language of Rab
shakeh might have been given by translators in some
such euphemism as the above. The like uncouthness.
of Elisha, or whoever was the historian of 1 Kings,
xiv, 10., xx. 21.; and 2 Kings, ix. 8, is observed and
explained in a note upon ch. xxxiv. 9,
16.  " Thus saith
" The-king-of Assyria; Make-ye before-me
'{ Genuflexion :" 
so literally, i. e. submission. The same word is also
used for a blessing; and for either sense the Chaldee
paraphrast might have interpreted peace, as the con
sequence. 19. The metre requires ' Henah and-Ivah,' as in
the other copy, 2 Kings, xviii. 34.
Ch. XXXVII. 7. The old translators were right;
blast, a wind, or thunder-storm, ch. xxx. 28., xxxi. 3.,
xxxiii. 11.: not merely the <7rvsZ[j.u 5«Ai*? of Abp.
Seeker; for the Assyrians were so beaten by the
storm, that their garments were first rolled in blood,
and afterwards burnt by the lightning. See ch. ix.
ver. 4. Or, be it, ' by a burning wind, the angel of
Jehovah/ as Mr. D. observes. But, in quoting him,

OF ISAIAH. 93
there is no conviction of the relevancy of his note at
ver. 4. p. 267. For the JVew-Testawient doctrine, to
which Mr. D. excepts, how is Isaiah or any other
writer of the Old- Testament-accountable ? Or, if it
be denied that the doctrine be in the N. T.; let there
be forbearance, until proof is afforded, by some such
republication as that (for instance) of the *01d Syriac
Version. 9. Clearly n©\
For the proposed interpretations of vv. 22 — -28,
see Introduction, pp. xviii. xix.
32. The metre rejects manx. See also Dr. Ken-
-nicott's rule at ch. xiii. 13. If it be objected:
" What ? metre in the historical parts ?" And, —
" Upon your plan the first chapter of Genesis is in
"metre!" Answer, Granted: and that it might
have pleased the providence of God to prevent any
corruption of the text, not by a perpetual miracle,
but by a perpetual metre.
Ch. XXXVIII. 1, The metre rejects mo1?; and
the reasons for not admitting, with Bp. L., and the
LXX, tlie last letter of it at ch. liii. 8.; and for
taking part with the learned Jews against Origen,
Bp. Lowth, and Dr. Kennicott, see there.
The two last vv. are rightly retransposed, 22 after 6,
and 21 after 8.
* The University of Cambridge might, with the assistance of the
very learned Mr. Professor Marsh, by giving an octavo edition of
the Peschito, without interpretation and notes, confer a greater
service upon biblical literature, than that of Oxford has, by its al
most unattainable, because expensive, Philoxenian. But, perhaps
Dr. Griesbach's recent and now completed edition of the N. T. may
setde the matter.

94 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
12. " My-habitation" p"Yn, of which ^h beyond seems
the gloss) " was-taken-away, even-was-re-
" moved from -me :
" As-a-tent-of the-skepherds I-seemed-gone :
" As-cloth from-the-loom, had-one-cut-me-away :
" As-a-day passeth into-night, kad-one-comp efe'y-
" ended-me.
13. " My-ioaring passed through-the-wall, as-a-lion:" —
For D 1. r. 3, and for n 4. r. \
14. Prefix n to the second, as well as the first, word.
Last metre ; prefix ft to mrP, and read it first: d. 17.
" From- Jehovah above a-cloud-of-calamity had-in-
" volved-me."
18, end.  " Cannot celebrate (imUA)
" They-wko-descend to-the-pit thy faithfulness."
20. Transpose the two first words.
" Because- Jehovah hath-saved-me : therefore" 

10. I thought, my days had reach'd a speedy end ;
Through Sheol's gates too soon my course would bend :
1 1 . Snatck'd in my prime, I thought no more to see
*Enthron'd on earth Jehovah's majesty :
Amidst the busy world no more to scan
The gay, or careful, face of various man.
12. Liv'd that I had, was memory alone :
A wandering shepherd's tent I seem'd, — and gone :
Cut off", as woof completed from the loom :
As clos'd is day when spreads the night's broad gloom.
13. My lion-voice, my palace walls that rent,
Dropp'd with my sinewy strength by sickness spent :
* See Bp. L. on Is. be. 13.

OF ISAIAH. 95
Sunk, as wken sinks the sun beneatb tke main,
14. My faint, shrill, speeck but mock'd the twittering crane:
Constant my moan, as doves : bad fail'd my sight :
And God had wrapp'd me in affliction's night.
15. Chang'd be my theme : for promis'd years be praise
To him, who hath restor'd to health my days.
Ye granted years ! in grateful course proceed :
My alter'd state remembrance ne'er shall need :
16. E'en many shall proclaim God's work of grace :
Cheer'd with new health my mind, prolong'd my race.
17. Yes, into ease restor'd from anguish flown,
My tranquil life thy pow'r and love shall own :
Thy pow'r, which pluck'd me from my yawning grave :
Thy love, which all my wayward sins forgave.
18. Thank tkee can Sheol, where exists no breath ?
Praise canst thou have from the mute tongue of death ?
To celebrate thy faithfulness, can know
The silent tenants of the shades below ?
19. Who lives, who lives, the same to thee shall pay
With me the tribute of the thankful lay.
Fathers to sons thy goodness shall record :
Thy goodness flowing from thy plighted word.
20. To God, my life's preserver, let us raise
With harp and voice eternal songs of praise :
As rolls each year, with music's every string,
Jehovah ! may thy spacious temple ring.
18. The frequent appearance of Sheol and Death
in parallelism, as in this place, Ps. xviii. 4. (5. public
translation, 6. Hebrew) cxvi. 3. IIos. xiii. 14,
and others, might have superseded the interpre
tations of the former word by the late Bp. Horsley
on Hosea, (2d ed. with the sermon,) or any inter
pretations tending to pr?ve tisat the words are not

96* READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
synonymous*. Hezekiah, or Isaiah, whichever was the
author of the small poem upon the recovery of the*
former, directly contradicts the Bp. by the opposition
between the beginnings of the 18th and the 19th vv.
' Sheol and Death cannot, — but the living shall, give

* The LXX, in the copy of Ps. xviii. in 2 Kings (in English,
Samuel) xxii. 6. have translated both the original words by Sxvxrog.
It is believed, that this very Ps. xviii. was composed by Isaiah in
behalf of Hezekiah ; who, 2 Sam. xxii. 1., as well as throughout
the book of Psalms, may be meant by David, having been one of
the Davids, or of his family. See Abps. Seeker and Newcome on
Hosea, iii. 5. It may have been written on the occasions of his
having been severally delivered, from his Assyrian enemies, and
from the power (the word is TO, Ps. xviii. 1. the same as xlix. 15,
Heb. 16.) of Sheol or Death ; which having been understood, Shaul,
or Saul, the supposed subject of the Ps., might have procured its
introduction at the end of the 2d book of Samuel. The thunder
storm, that destroyed the Assyrian camp, seems described in
vv. 7—15. (Heb. and Samuel, 8—16.)
Mr. Peters, who, on the supposition of Saul being the word in
the title, has imagined, that * the snares of death ' might also have
originally been, the snares of Saul, has conceived a like difference-
of interpretation in Ps. cxli. 1, where, instead of the mouth of
Sheol, he would read, at the command of Saul. Peters on Job,
2d ed. pp. 332-3.
The claim of David to die character of The Psalmist seems to
depend on 2 Sam. xxiii. 1., which the LXX have read very dif
ferently from the present Hebrew text ; the latter part of which
might be thus restored :
Even-faithful- was the-man who-was-raised-up (bit) by-God,
Anointed (Vj> nV!T?) to-preside over Jacob ;
c^iu-'ra ijyb Win
Even-elevated to-afford-assistance to Israel.
' Like David,' Amos vi. 5. the metre rejects.

01' ISAIAH. 97
* thanks.' Consequently in Sheol are not the living.
If our Lord's " preaching in Sheol would give new
<l animation and assurance to the souls there in safe
"keeping," (Bp. H. on HOs. p. 158.) such anima
tion and assurance they would doubtless express by
thanks and praise • but that Sheol, or its inhabitants;,
can do so, is positively denied, ver. 18. above quoted.
So also Ps. vi. 5.
20. Hezekiah's invitation to Isaiah to assist him in
settingtohis stringed musical instruments compositions
of thanksgiving, to be sung in the temple all the
days of his life, probably denoting all his allotted
years, or upon each anniversary of his recovery, seems
to indicate Isaiah as the author of many of the Psalms
in the collection principally ascribed to David. How
many of them may appear descriptive, of the distress
occasioned by the combination of Israel and Syria
against J^udah, and by the invasion of Sennacherib ;
of the defeat of the latter ; and of the storm by which
his army perished : how many also may correspond
with circumstances in the reign of Hezekiah, or in
the time of Isaiah, equally as in that of David ; an
attentive reader may discover. But, without an exa
mination of all of them, the xxxth, ciid, and ciii-d
Pss. seem peculiarly to present themselves as compo
sitions on the subject of Hezekiah's *sickness and re-
* See also Pss. vi. xx. xxi. xci. ci.; also the Ps. for the service of
the Inauguration, (tm the 25th of October,) and cxvi. in the Thanks
giving of women after childbirth : but vv. 7 — 10. of Ps. vi. and
7> 8. of xx. and 8 — 12. of xxi. seem to respect the subject of Sen
nacherib and the Assyrians. o

98 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
covery. Compare them with Hezekiah's writing here
recorded. The *Asaphs appear to have been the col
lectors of the Psalms; or the authorized composers
of them, the prophets of the respective times, who
also were the writers of the historical books of Kings
and Chronicles. The ancient Jews, speaking of the
law and the prophets, included the book of Psalms
under the latter term. Marsh on Michaelis, vol. i.
p. 496.
The whole collection, named in the Hebrew title
Praises, was probably ascribed to David, because they
were either composed by him, or by his order ; or by
the kings of Judah, his successors and of his family,
who were also frequently called by his name, — or by
their order.
Ch. XXXIX. 1. The metre requires, ' and-am-
bassadors/ from the LXX.
6, end. The metre rejects, ' saith Jehovah.'
8. " Gracious-is the-word-of Jehovah which
" T/zoM-hast-spoken": even-said->he ; " surely shall-be
" Peace, cven-the-faithfal-promise, in-my-days."
Ch. XL. The opening of this chapter seems to be
closely connected in subject with that of the Song of
the Desert, chapter xxxv ; which was considered
as the conclusion of the prophecy delivered in the
reign of Ahaz, because the xxxiid chapter refers
( ver. 1 . ) to a king that was to reign, literally Hezekiah;
* Isaiah, the Asaph in Hezekiah's time. See Matth. xiii. SB.
ed. Griesbach, and before on ch. xxxiii. 15.

OF ISAIAH. 99
and the intermediate part contains a regular series of
denunciations of the captivity by Nebuchadnezzar,
followed by the consolatory view (in the prophetic
manner, as has been observed, pp. 39. 80.) of future
restoration, — of the invasion by Sennacherib, and the
destruction of his army, — and, lastly, of the general
overthrow of the nations by Nebuchadnezzar. He-<
zekiah's reign having afterwards been introduced by
the historical chapters xxxvi. — xxxix., the con--
elusion of which denounces the captivity ; — restora-?
tion from it, which is the subject of the Song of the
Desert, is rightly resumed as a subject of prophecy*
for the consolation of Hezekiah and his contemporary
countrymen. 1. " Comfort-ye, comfort-ye my-people ;
" Saith your-God: speak-ye
" Unto the-beart-of Jerusalem, even-proelaim-ye
" Unto-her; Surely is-fulfilled her-waiting:
" Surely is-completed her-puniskment :,
(Blayney on Lam. p. 330.)
" Surely she-katk-received of- Jehovah
" Expiations for-all her-sins." (*> f°r ') Pardon.
S. " A-voice proclaimeth : Througk-the-wilderness pre-
" pare-ye
" The-way-of Jehovah ! leTel-ye
" Through-the-desert a-highway for-our-God!"
This verse, quoted by the writer of the Gospel ac
cording to St. Matthew, clu iii. 3. may there be trans
lated thus : " A voice of one that proclaimeth : In
" the wilderness prepare ye the way of the Lord !
" make ye level his paths." Marki. 3., and Luke iii. 4.,

100 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS "
the words are precisely the same as in Matthew ;>
and all three writers seem to speak as historians: but
their quotation is in the very words of the Greek, or-
Alexandrine, version called the LXX, the difference,
-at'the end of the quotation, between aviS, his, in the
Gospels, and tS BsS ypuv, of our God, in the LXX,
being trifling in sense, and therefore only for accu
racy worth remarking.
¦The Greek translator hath omitted to translate the
word, which in the original signifies, " Through-
tbe-desert:" and therefore this is omitted in the three-
citations above mentioned. But the word is recog
nised by Symmachus, one of the partial translators of
the O. T. into Greek, and esteemed for accuracy^
His words import : " Level ye in the desert a way for
our God."
The verse, quoted in the Gospel according to St.
John, ch. i, ver, 23, may be translated ;. " A voice of
" one that proclaimeth : In the wilderness level ye
" the way of the Lord." This is only a partial cita
tion of the original verse ; in which the verb of the
first part, prepare-ye, or survcy-ye, is exchanged for
the verb of the second, levcl-ye', and all the rest of
the second part is omitted. The historian introduces
it as spoken by John the Baptist of himself, prefixed
with the Greek word which denotes I, — but is in
Hebraic Greek intended to denote, I am.
The variations between the original and the Greek
version of the LXX have occasioned a belief, that
Hebrew MSS. existed which admitted of such varia
tions; but this hath not appeared, one Heb. MS. only,

OF ISAIAH. 101
No. 109, having been brought forward by Mr. D. —
The Arabic and Old Latin, which he mentioris, were
probably translations from the LXX, or followed that
version. The LXX seem, therefore, to have erred, although
Hot materially, and the writers of the Gospels to have
adopted the immaterial error of the LXX, who might
at least have been insensible to the parallelism, and'
therefore disposed to omifc a word that to them, it is
possible, appeared but an unnecessary interpretation
of their Chaldee and Syriac word, -the-wilderness, that
preceded. Could they so far have forgotten, or been
ignorant of, Hebrew, their language before the cap
tivity, as to have esteemed the omitted word a mis
take; because its use in Chaldee or Syriac might in'
their own time have been applied more to other
meanings, than to that of the Desert, excepting the
Desert of Arabia ?
The metre will either omit or admit the word,
which the translations and citations have omitted,
but which the parallelism demands : but, if the
writers of the Gospels had been impostors, they would
doubtless have rather quoted accurately from the
original, than inaccurately from the translation.
Jews, inspired sufficiently to secure them from ma-
terial error, cited the O.T., such as it was in their
time ; and which was read, not in the original, but
in a translation, because the latter was more generally
understood. " The irrefragable authority of John the Baptist,
" and of our blessed Saviour himself, (where does,

102 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" the latter appear ? ) as recorded by all the Evange-
" lists, for explaining this exordium of the prophecy
"of the opening of the Gospel by the preaching of
" John, and of the introducing of the kingdom of
"Messiah," (Notes on Isaiah, p. 252.) unless re
duced to ' The assertion of the writer of the Gospel
1 according to St. John, that John the Baptist an-
* swered concerning himself, " I am a voice of a crier
" in the wilderness, Level ye the way of the Lord ; as
" said Esaias the prophet:" or "I am a voice of a
" crier, In the- wilderness level ye the way of the
" Lord ; as said Esaias the prophet : " ( according i to
' which latter punctuation the parallel fixes the mean-
' ing of the prophet) also of the writers of the other
' three Gospels applying this passage in Isaiah to
' John the Baptist, as a similar case or comparison,'— *-
the literal sense, which is undoubted, and the other
sense, which very great writers have ascribed to the
passage, are so far at variance, that both lay an ex
clusive claim to the application of the words.
It might not be allowed to private persons to ques
tion the sentiments of those, whose merit has been at
tested by public rewards r but, it may be observed,
that the opinion of the double sense of prophecy has
both its learned *advocates and its learned adversaries.
* The late learned and judicious Bp. Newton, although he as
serted, (Dissert, on the Prophecies, vol. i. p. 80. ed. 8th) ' that
* many prophecies of scripture have a double meaning, literal and
* mystical, respect two events, and receive a twofold completion,*
s,eems to have been discreet in instancing only Balaam's prophecy
H>£ (.h,.: star o,ut of Jacob ; following Origcn,, the father of allegory, '

OF ISAIAH. 103
The latter, or the accommodaters, are, among others,
Kidder, Nicholls, Sykes, Eckermann. See Marsh
on Michaelis, vol. i. p. 473. Dr. Blayney, on the
voice in Ramah, Matth. ii. 18, adopts the principle
of accommodation, and adds: "This is as much as can
" be allowed in many passages of the N. T., wherfe
" the words in the O. T. are said to be fulfilled."
Notes on Jererrfiab, xxxi. 15. See hiai also on Ze-
chariah, Addition to Appendix, p. 82.
4. " Be-every valley raised:
" Even-every mountain, even-hill, lowered ; •
" So-that-may-be the-hilly*country a-level ;
u Even tke-rough-places Ji-smooth-plain."
5. The metre will equally admit or omit the words
translated, ' flesh,' ' the salvation of our God,' and
' mouth:' and the sense may be the same, either with
or without them.
6. " The-voice-bf a-speaker is-about-to-proclaim i
" He-even-saitk ; What shall-I -proclaim ?
" All flesh is-grass :
" Even-all its-beauty (HCPf, Ps. xxxix. 12.) as-a-
" flower. (Metre and senfse full.)
7. " Thcgrass witheretk, the-flower fadeth ;.
" When the-wind-of Jehovah blbweth-over-it."

and Bpi Warbiirton, the trial of whose allegorizing powers upon
Virgil is Well known. It is, after mature consideration, apprehend
ed, that the double sense of prophecy, notwithstanding the respect
expressed for the sentiments of others, (see also pp. 29. 80.) cannot
in the present age of criticism be any longer maintained.

104 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Affix 13, and omit the remainder of the verse. Mr. D.
omits the whole.
8. " The-grass witheretli, the-flower fadeth ;
" But-the-word-of our-God shall-stand for-ever."
These three verses denounce the captivity': but, the
last line, or metre, of them asserts the promised re
storation. Here is the mixture of threatening and
consolation before noted. ¦} It is in observance of
' the order of oratorical and persuasive arrange-
' ment.', See Abp, Newcome on Ezekiel, Pref.
p. Ixv. 9. " Upon a-higb mountain ascend-thou !
' Go-thou, publish-thou-glad-Jidings to-Sion ;
' Lift-thou-up with-strength thy-voice !
' Proclaim-tkou-glad-tidings to-Jerusalem ! lift-fliou-
" it-up !
' Be-thou-not afraid ! say-thou
' To-the-cities-of Judah ; Is-it-not your-God ?
10. " Will-not tke-Lord Jehovah
With-his-strong arm introducc-hini (Cyrus,)
Whom-he shall-send hither ?
God's-hired-forces will-be- with-him (Cyrus) : even-
" GodVwork will-iuukejiooin-for-kim."
In the 10th v. the reading of run or y\ interroga
tively, Whether f Or, Whcther-not? (which probably
wOuld in most instances be a better interpretation
than, Behold! see ch. xxxii. 1. and xxxv. 4.) small
transposition, change of a similar letter, and freedom
from the Masoretic pointSj will afford the translation
given.

OF ISAIAH. 105
Prom the 12 th verse to the end of the 26 th, the
greatness of the true God, 'and the consequent ab
surdity of idolatry, were by the prophet designed to
be depicted. From v. 27. to the end of the ch. the
prophecy of restoration from captivity is resumed.
15. " Are-npt the-nations as-a-drop frorrt-the-bucket ?
-— " Whetker-not provinces as-an-atom taketh-ke-up?" See v. 10.
19. " The-sculptor oyerlayeth the-graven-image :
" Even-the-goldsmith expandeth-it into-shape :
" Even-the-silversmith melteth-it in-joints.
20. " He-who-can-contrive-to-raise an-iinage-of wood
" Will-not lea ve-thejtree-to-rot : he-will-cboose
<l A-skilful workman and-employ him :
" He-will-not bc-prevented from-setting-up an-image."
The wood with gold or silver thus overlaid ; the
goldsmith or silversmith finished the overlaid plates
or joints. See Bp. Horsley on Hosea, 2d ed. p. 134.
The subsequent transposition by Mr. D. from
ch. xli. 6, 7. cannot be admitted ; because, the idola
try and idol-making of the Jews in the reign of He
zekiah are in this chapter noticed : those of the
nations in the time of Abraham in the. next.
21. — " Jrlave-ye-not understood the-fouudatious-of the*
" earth ?
i. e. whence trees grow. Next 3 vv. the wooden
image b03 is the nom. case :
22, " Doth-he-sit upon the-circle-of (he, the tree-idol)
" The-earth ; so-that-its-inhabitants are as-grasshop-
" pers ? P

106 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Doth-he-extend as-a-thin-veil the-heavens?
" Even-kath-be-spread-them-out, as-a-tent to-dwell-in I
23. " Doth-he-reduce princes to-nothing:
" Even-judges-of the-earth to-a-mere-inanity ?
24. " Also is-he-not planted ? (Pakul. The same tree-idol. J
" Also is-he-not sown ?
" Also is-not rooted in- the-earth
" The-trunk-of-them ? (DM1) so-that-if the-wind-blovi
" upon-them,
" They-instantly-wilher : even-the- whirlwind beareth-
" them-away as-stubble."
26. Add the masc. plur. termination, and read :
— " Even-observe-ye, who-is the-creator-of the-hea-
" venly-bodies :
— " Made-abundant-in active-powers, even-firm-in
" strength,
" Not one faileth."
See Bp. Horsley on Hosea, 2d ed." p. 103. for the
latter lines of translation : but not for the proposed
reading and interpretation of avr^N the plural of in
tensity. 27. " Wherefore wilt-tkou-say, Jacob!
" Even wilt-thou-speak, Israel !
(the pious, when in captivity. )
" Hidden-is my-way abscnt-from-Jehovak ?
" Even-without-having-my-God, is-my-written-law
" transgressed ?"
28. The metre and idiom reject nb after CM.
29. The Bp. right.
.'JO. " Altkougk-have-fainted &c.

OF ISAIAH. J07
31. " Yet-they-who-trust-in &c.
Dr. Stock, Bp. of Killalla.
" Tkey-shall-tower on-the-wing as-eagles."
Ch. XLI. 1.
" Be-ye-newly-restored unto-me, ye-distant-countries !"
The prophet here poetically represents God restor
ing the nations and kings of Canaan, and the neigh
bouring countries, whom Abraham, and afterwards
the children of Israel, overthrew,- for the purpose of
their now being witnesses for him, that he had of old
protected his people.
2. " Who raised-up from-the-east the-rigbteous-man ?"
meaning Abraham, who was acquitted of the blame
of idolatry.
The verbs to the end of v. 16. denote imperfect past
time. 3. ' He-made-him-to-pursue-them, he-made-him-to-pass
" in-safety :
" Immediately behind-him he-led-him. (i. e. Abraham.
d.xh)
4. " Who-hath-been the-performer, even-the-doer,
" Having-called the-generations from-the-beginning ?
" I Jehovah the-first;
" Even-I the-last, the-same." (xliv. 6., xlviii. 12.)
5. Transpose D^M to the end of the verse.
" Saw, even-feared, the-ends-of the-earth:
" Even-were-afraid, drew-near, even-came, the-distant-
" countries,"

108 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
The patiops, alarmed at the success of Abraham*
betook themselves to idolatry. This made work for
the artists^ as is described.
7. " Thus-encouraged the-artist his-mclter ;
" The-poljsher his joiner :
?' " Now it-is-ready to-put -together." (d. *IGH.)
" Then-they-riveted the-joints, that-it-should-not se-.
" parate."
8. The prophet in the person of God reminds the
Jews, not only of the divine protection of Abraham,
but also ( from this to the end of v. 16.) of the sup?
port which their fathers experienced in times less re
mote, when the nations of Canaan were driven out
before them.
" Thou-also, Israel, wast-my-servant :
¦ " Jacob, whom I-chose :
" The-seed-of Abraham my-friend.
9. " Thou- whom I-led-by-the-hand from-the-ends-of the-
" earth;
'£ Even-called from-the-extremities-thereof ; even-to-r
" whom I-said,
a a My-servant ! I-have-chosen-thee, evenTnot reject-
" ed-thee :
10. (i " Fear-thou-not ; with-thee am-I :
"" Bc-thou-not dismayed ; I-am thy-God."
The metre rejects nriN v. 9. and "O twice v. 10.
" I-strengthened-thee : also I-assisted-thee :
" Also I-supported-thce by-my-faithful right-hand."
1 1 . Now follow future relatives ip the sense of im
perfect past time.

OF ISAIAH. 109
(i Was-it-not-then, that-they-were-askamed, even-
" were-confounded,
" All who-were-enraged-against-lhee ; (d. ID) were
" as-nothing,
" Even-perished, they-who contended-witb-thee ?
IS. " Tkou-soughtest-them, but-coujdst-not find-them :
" The-men-who strove-with-tiiee became as-nothing;
" Even-as-mere-nought the-men-who opposed 4hee-in
" battle.
13. " Surely I-was Jehovah tky-God,
*' Who-held-thee-fast by-thy-nght-hand, wko-said to-
" thee,
" " Fear-thou not ; I-am tljy-kelper."
14. " Fear-thou not, thou-worm Jacob !
" Thou-mortal, Israel! 1-was thy-helper, (d. l, saitk
' Jehovah.')
" Even-tby-vindicator * the-holy-one-of Israel.
15. " Was-it-not-then, that-I-made-thee-to-be a-threshing-
" wain ;
" A-new corn-drag armed-with pointed-teeth ?
(Here again follow future relatives in the sense of
the imperfect past time of the immediately preceding
verb. ) " Thou-didst-thresh tkc-mountains, even-didsl-beat-
" them-small ;
" Even-the-hills to-chaff didst-thou-reduce.
16. " Thou-didst-winnow-thcm; so-that-the-wind bare-
" tbem-away ;
" Evcn-the-tcmpest scattered them-abroad.
" Then-didst-thou rejoice in-Jehovah:
" In-the-holy-one-of Israel thou-didst-triunipli."
17 — 20. The consolatory view of the restoration
.from captivity is resumed. * See Ix. 16.

110 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" When-the-poot, even-the-needy" &c. i. e. the re
turning exiles.
20. riKt seems an interpolation.
21. A continuation, from the end of v. 26. of the
preceding chapter, of the subject of the absurdity of
idolatry; addressed by the prophet, in the person of
God, to the contemporaries of Hezekiah. 25. ' From
the north,' Cyrus. See ch. xl. v. 10.
" Produce-ye-your-idols ; (3 for JD) let-them-declare
" to-Jacob."
The original appears corrupted : it was probably
2pyb tfta\
24. " Are-not ye less-than-nothing ; even-all- that-ye-can-
" do?
" Less-than-nought, even-abhorred be-the-man-wko-
" chooseth you.
25. " But-I-will-raise-up " &c.
Mr. D. right. Also Le Clerc, on\
God, having in vain called on the idols to deliver a
prediction that should prove true, delivers one him
self in this verse ; and then in the next resumes his
expostulation. 26. — " Even-from-ancient-times, that-we-might-say, It-
" is-right?" i. e. a true prediction; as Bp.
Lowth.
27. In the third and fourth place r. Dirr1 "0M.
" First-of-all to-Sion I-was the-giver-of them : (i. e.
of prophecies.)

OF ISAIAH. IK
" Even-to-Jerusalem did-I-afford a-messenger-of-glad-
" tidings.
28. " For-I-looked ; and-there-was-no man:
" Even-from-arriong-the-idols was-there-no adviser,
41 Who-when-I-iuquired-of-them could-return an-an-
" swer.
29. " Are-not all-of-them vanity, nought :
" Their-works wind, even-emptiness tkeir-molten-
" images?"
Ch. XLII. Bp. Lowth says : ' The prophet in this
' chapter proceeds to the greater deliverance ; and at
' once brings forth into full view, without throwing
' any veil of allegory over the- subject, the Messiah.
" Behold, my servant, Messiah," says the Chaldee.
' St. Matthew has applied it directly to Christ ; nor
* can it with any justice or propriety be applied to
' any other person or character whatever.' Then the
literal sense and ihe spiritual sense commence with
this chapter to be one and the same, and there is no
longer any mystical or double sense of the prophecy.
But the LXX, or some ancient interpolator of them,
were of a different opinion ; and therefore introduced
the text of their version of this chapter with a pre
vious and bold insertion of the proper names of the
person or persons, whom they esteemed to have been
designated by the words, my servant, and, my chosen,
— writing thus : Jacob, piy servant : — Israel, my
chosen. To these proper names Origen afiixed his
obelus, or mark to 'deuote that they were not in the
Hebrew : in which indeed that they never were, the
metre shows. There may also be abundant proof,

112 READINGS AND INTERPRETATION*
that they were not originally in the version : bu£
their insertion proves two things ; first, the opinion
of some ancient commentator respecting the meaning
of the passage, and secondly, that the version is cor
rupted. In support of the opinion of the ancient interpreter,
whose gloss wras inserted into the text of the LXX,
may be compared the first verse of each of the two
following chapters, particularly the latter ; and also
vv. 8. and 14. of the preceding, and ch. xiv. v. 4. and
ch. xlviii. v. 12. The citation without the names,
Matth. xii. 1 S, may prove that the LXX is there right
ly corrected from the Hebrew : but that v. 17, ' That
' it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Esaias the
' prophet, saying,' does not undertake to apply the
whole of the citation, as words that were originally
spoken of our Saviour, see Dr. Blayney, as before
quoted, on Jeremiah, xxxi. 15. That which seems
most applicable is the latter metre of the 2d v. of the
original, marked beneath in Italics, and illustrative
of Matth. xii. 16. 'He charged them not to make him
known:' but v. 4. in Isaiah, or the three last metres
translated beneath, appear to contain a luminous pro*-
pbecy of the establishment of^ the Gospel previously
to the destruction of Jerusalem and the Jewish polity.
The following is proposed as the literal translation
of vv. 1 — 4, leaving others at liberty to make out the
double sense.
" Is-it-not my-servant, whom* Lccntinilc-to-uphold ;
(i. c. Jacob.) * See ch. xii. 8, 9.

OF ISAIAH. 113
" My-chosen, in-whom-my-soul kath-deligute'd ?
(Israel.)
" I-gave my-blast tipon-bis-account :
(Cbh. xxxiii. 11. and xxxvii. 7.)
" * Written-law to-thc-uations was-publislicd.
" Ilc-shall-not strive, neither-shall he-cry ;
" Neither shall-he-cause-to-be- heard in-public Ms-voice.
" To-the-broken reed hc-shall-not look : (i. c. to Egypt,
for help. Ch. xxxvb 6.)
" Even-to-the-buming flax, vvhich-iio-onesliail-quenck:
(i. e. the Assyrians, viii, 6.)
" To-the-peoples (ES^N?) shall-be-publislied written-
" law.
" Fire sball-not-fall-on-him, neitker-sb all-he be-broken;
" Until he-shall-have-fixed written-law in-the-land ;
" Even-until-the-distant-nations shall-have-derived-
" hope from-his-instruction."
6. " I Jehovah have-called-thee into-restoration :
" Therefore-have-I-holden-tbee by-thy-hand ; cven-
" preserved -thee ;
" Even-have-given-thee for-an-everlasting covenant j
(D^, Bp. L.)
" For a-light-to the-nations :
7. " _<4/?er-tke-opening-of the-blind eijes ;
(not the eyes of the blind, as ch. xxxv. 5. but those
who had been blind with idolatry, and in dark dun
geons, )
" ^/ier-tke-bringing the-captive out-of-confineinent ;
" Even-ftom-the-dun2;con thcse-who-dwell in-darknebs. "

* The revelation of the true God. See Bp. Horsley on Hosea,
2d ed. pp.89. 1S3. 9.

114 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
For b in the sense of after, here, v. 19. and ch. vii.
15, see Dr. Blayney on Jerem. xvi. 14.
8, 9. As in the four last vv. of the preceding chap
ter, so in these, God, having by the prophet delivered
a prediction, vv. 1 — 4, asserteth his superiority to the
graven images. 9.Theformerpredictionsappeartohave
respected the destruction of Sennacherib's army; the
new events, the restoration from the Babylonian cap
tivity: and these three subjects constitute the follow
ing sublime song.
10 — 16. Song to Jehovah.
New is the theme : be new the song we raise ;
From the earth's bounds to God a song of praise.
Shout, (yH<l) ye that dwell beneath the briny waste :
And who on either sea's wide coasts are plac'd.
Vast plain, with cities spread, exult aloud :
And ye, the tented villages who crowd.
Let rinp1 with joy Arabia's rocks around :
With triumph's voice be all its mountains crown'd.
Let these Jehovah's godhead loudly own :
These tell to distant lands his praise alone.
Say they, that God assum'd a giant's stride,
To prove his prowess with a warrior's pride :
In thunder shouted to the vaunting foe ;
And with dread vengeance dealt the deathful blow.
" My lips long shut, shall silence ever seal?
" Shall I resist the child-birth-pangs I feel? (m^N)
" Shall I at once dismiss and draw my breath ?
^ No. Hills and fruitful mountains, be ye heath !
" Wither the grass that clothes your living heads :
"¦' Let thirsty drought usurp the rivers' beds :
'¦< Rcnone id! water,wherc each wide lake spreads. (O^ft^NI) Ij. xiv. 23.

or ISAIAH. 115
" But ye, by me be led, ye *wilful blind !
*' You a yet imknown way I give to find :
" You through yet unknown paths shall own my hand ;
" And light your darkness chase at my command :
" For you shall rugged roads their levels take :
" You thus my help shall know ; nor you will \ forsake."
10 — 13. Defeat of Sennacherib. 14. 15. Nebu
chadnezzar's invasion. 16. Restoration.
17. " They-have-been-turned backward, they-have-been-
" greatly ashamed,
" Who-have-trusted in-the-graven-images ; who-have-
" said
" To-the-molten-images, Ye-are our-Gods. (So the
Assyrians.)
18. " Hear-ye, ye-deaf ! even-ye-blind, look-ye-atten-
" tively !
19. " ji/ier-having-seen, who-have-been blind,
" But my servants? (The Jews, wilfully and per
versely blind.)
;' Even-deaf, as-they-to-whom-I-have-sent my-mes-
" sengers ?
" Who-have-been blind, as-they-who-kave-been-per-
" fectly-instructed ?
" Even-deaf, as-the-servants-of Jehovah ?
20. " Ye-kave-o/iere seen."
The Masora ; see also Mr. D.: but the words
should both end with 1, the latter receiving n at the
beginning, and rejecting it at the end. This reading
confirms the acceptation of ? prefixed to the former
« See v. 1 9.

116 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
of these verbs at the end of v. 18, or, as it should be,
the beginning of v. 19. Seethe like at v. 7. The
Bishop's note on this v, 20. cannot be passed without
observing the appellation of ' wretched critics' given
by his lordship to the Masoretes ; and yet it is fully
expected, that by many, and those as well meaning
person's as the worthy prelate, the present interpreter
will be very greatly blamed for having unshackled
himself from the vowel-point commentary of these
his unhappy predecessors. He will be conscious,
however, of having not designed to convert the text
into a nose of wax. He has been exceedingly de-
sirous of rightly comprehending ; and scarcely less
so of cemmunicating, what he has esteemed, his right
comprehension, He has been thoroughly persuaded
that the prophet was, and therefore he has aimed at
discovering him to be. and making him appear, a
rational, uniform, and consistent writer. But, this
his view of Isaiah would have been suppressed, had
he both possessed and chosen tp follow the ancient
commentators as his guides ; among whom Yitriuga
is to be respectfully considered. He has professed
literal interpretation, without interfering with mystical
allegory, and the double sense of prophecy: although
he may have rather admired the judgement of those
painters (and Isaiah he has esteemed one of them)
who have preferred the expression of their concep
tions of the Deity by one grand and general blaze of
glory, than of those who have given a distinct and
specific representation, for instance, of the first perT
kou in the Trinity under the figure of an old man,

OF ISAIAH. 117
The absolute integrity of the Hebrew text has been
disproved by Drs Kennicott and De Rossi; in the
former's State (if the Hebrew Text, and in the Various
Readings of MSS. collated by both. The Masoretic
punctuation has been partially rejected by many mo
dern interpreters: and the double sense or aspect of
prophecy has not been admitted by Abp. Newcomo
in the instance of the Branch, in Zechariah ; and by
Dr. Blayney, in that of the voice in Ramah, in Je
remiah xxxi. 15. and in that of the shepherd, Zecha
riah xiii. 7. See also note, p. 103.
" Yc-kave-often seen ; but-ye-kave-not regarded ;
" Your-cars have-been-opcn ; but-ye-have-not heard.
21. "Jehovah kath-bcen-plcased to-dclay (trs. pMojn)
" their-acquittal :
" Tbat-kis-prai.se might-be-greaf, even-illustrious.
'22. " But-this (Jacob or Israel, v. 1.) a-pcople spoiled,.
" even-plundered :
fc All-their chosen-youths are-taken-in-thc-toils :
" Evcn-in-dark dungeons arc-fhey-hkh'ii :
" They-arc-become a-spoil, even-thcrc-sb all-be-none
" to-rescuc-thcin ;
" An-object-of plunder, even-no-one shall-say, Restore.
23. " Who-is among-you, that-will-listcn-to this?
" Tkat-will-hcarken, even-will-attcnd, to-lhat-whick-
" is-io-come?"
This last word dcvclopes the future meaning of the
prophet's expressions in perfect past time, the decrees
of God being as certain as "if they were completed
and past. See v. 16, two last verbs, and ch. v. ver. 13.
21. " Who-Ls-he tlint-is-about-to-give Jacob fo-be-pluft-.
'¦ dwvd ?

118 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
"Even- Israel to-the-spoilers ? Is-it-not Jehovah;
" He, against- whom they-have-sinned ;
" Even-in- whose-ways they-have-not been-willing to-
"walk;
" Even-wkose-law they-kave-not obeyed ?
25. " Tkerefore-poured-ke-outupon-them the-keat-of his-
" anger,
" Even-the-violence-of war : even-it-kindled-a-flame
" round-about- them ;
" Altkough-they-regarded-it not : even-it-set-tkem-on-
"fire; "
" Although-they-did-not consider it."
The last verse seems to refer 'to Sennacherib's inva
sion, as the preceding does to that of Nebuchad
nezzar. Ch. XLIII. begins with a reference to the denun
ciation in v. 24. of the preceding, and a remembrance
of past redemption directed immediately to the same
persons, who in v. 1. of the preceding chapter are
obliquely mentioned ; not Messiah: but the Jews.
1. " Yet-now thus saith
" Jehovah who-created-thee, Jacob !
" Even he-who-formed-thee, Israel !
"Fear-thou not: surely I-was-thy-* vindicator:
" I-called-thee by-my-(thy)-name : thou-art mine.
2. " When thou-passedst through-waters, (Red sea.)
" I-was with-thce : even-through-rivers, (Jordan.)
" They-did-not overwhelm-thee. When thou-walkedtt
" In-the fire, thou-wast-not scorched :
" Even-the-flame did-not take-hold of-thee.
3. " For I-was Jehovah thy-God ;
" The-holy-one-of Israel thy -preserver :
* See Ix. 16.

OF ISAIAH. 119
" I-made the-Egyptians the-price-of-thy-deliverance ;
" The- Midianites and-the-Sabeans (to-fall-) instead-
" of-thee.
4. " From-the-time-that thou-wast-precious in-my-sighf,
" Thou-wast-honoured ; even-I loved-thee :
" Therefore-made-I Edom (to-fall-) in-tky-stead ;
" Even-nations tke-price-of thy-life."
In these four vv. the prophet appears to remind
the Jews of their deliverance from the Egyptians and
other nations, until their establishment in Canaan.
Thence they are exhorted to derive confidence, that
although they had been idolaters, they were not for
ever cast off, but would hereafter be delivered from
the Babylonian captivity, and all other their disper
sions. 8. Mr. D. seems right, rather than the Bp- The
verse refers to the preceding ver. 5. is closely attached
to ver. 7, and is illustrated by ch. vi. 10. according
to Dr. Randolph's interpretation, and ch. xlii. 7.
and 19. The people are the Jews, as in all the pre
ceding verses, and the verb should be in the first per
son. The metre also requires the small transposition
of ©i, attached to the 1 in the fourth place, and remov
ing forward that to which 1 stands prefixed.
9. In this verse the challenge to the nations and
their idols (xii. 21 — 29.), to utter a true prediction,
is repeated. In the 10th the Jews are said to be wit
nesses (i. e. ) of the deliverances expressed vv. 1 — 4.
The metre rejects ' saith Jehovah.'
" Ye-are my-witnesses, even-my-servants :
" Whom I-have-chosen, that ye-might-know ;

120 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Even-that -ye-might-believe me; even-tkat-ye-might-<
" bc-eonvinced ;
" That I-am thc-same.
" Before-me no God was-formed :
" Even-after-me none shall-exist." &c.
12. — " Even-I-have-ccrtainly-saved.
14. — " I-haVe-ient to-Baby Ion :
" Evcn-kave-I-brougkt-away," &c.
In perfect past time, but prophetically denoting
future; as ch, xlii. 16. and 22., xiv. 16, 17., xlvi. 1.2.,
xlvii. 9. 13, 14, 15., xlix. 13. 17, 18., Ii. 3. 14. 17—
23., Iii. 8 — 10. 14., liii. l.,lvii. 17, 18., Ix. 10. See also
ch. v. ver. 13.
14, The sense seems to require the two last words
to be, DTVin1? 13ND, which with the subject will be;
" Even^although-the-Chaldeans had-refused to-let-
" them-return."
16 — 21. Deliverance from the Egyptians, as vv. I
— 3, and the promise of return from captivity, as
ch. xl. 3, 4, 5. 22. TlNDp "ins\ 23. Omit xb through
out. 24. Transpose the second ab beyond "fM.
22. "But-not thee did-I-call, Jacob! (ver. I.)
" That tkou-shouldst-labour on-my-account, Israel!
23. " That-tkou-shouldst-bring to-me the-lamb-of thy-
" burnt-offering ;
" Even-witk-tby-sacrifices that-tkou-shouldst-honour-
" me : that-I-sliould-burthen-thce
" With-cxacting-oblations ; cven-weary-thec witk-de-
" niaiids-of-frankincense :
24. " Not, — that-thou-shouldst-purchascfor-mewith-silver
" The-aromatic-reed : even-with-thc-fat-of thy-sacri-
" ficcs that-thou-shouldst -satiate -me:

OF ISAIAH. 121
<x Certainly not, that-thou-shouldest*burthen-me
" With-thy-sins ; that*thou-shouldst-weary-me with-
" thine-*idolatries !"
See the third sentence of Bp. L. on these verses.
g5. " I-am, I-am the*same J
" I-wipe-away thy-rebellions for*mine-own*sake": — •
They were restored from captivity, not for the sake
of their sacrifices.
26. " Remind-thou*me : let-us-have- written-law together:
" Make-tbou a-recordt tkat thou-mayest-become-ac-
" quitted."
Acquitted, or a righteous person, one restored from
captivity, 28. " Thereforchave-'LgiVen-'up" &c. to captivity.
Ch, XLIV. 1— '5. Restoration from captiyity, and
from idolatry. 6-— 20. The folly of idolatry, 21—
28. Pardon of it, and restoration.
2. — " Even-Israel, whom I"have*ckosen<"
3. The metre rejects "0.
- — »" Lwill-pouf my-breatb upon-tby-seed ;
" Even-my-blessing upon tby-population :
6. — " The-king-ot Israel ; even-his-t vindicator;'* i. e, from
captivity.
7. " Even-who., as-I, could-proclaim ;
* See the original of this Word explained in Sermon on General
Fast, 1-808.
t Seek. 16.

12S READINGS A>*D INTERPKETAtiuio
" Even-could-announce-it (restoration); even»couldr
a arrange-it to-my-own-mind ;
" From-the-time-that-I-appointed the-ancient people,
" even-things-to-come ?
" For-future events can-men-foretel among-tkemselves?"
8. The metre rejects the two last words: and Vau
prefix to the interrogative particle seems transposed
from before the preposition immediately preceding ;
as it stands at the end of ver. 6.
— " Even-beside-me where-is a-rock?"
10. Omit "D, and take the two last words of ver. 9.1
then read ; " For-my-sake shall-they-be-ashamed,
Every-one-who-hath-formed a-God, even-a-gravcn-
" image :
" Who-hath-overlaid-it without profit. (Seech, xl.19.)
11. " Shall-not all the-worshippers-of-it be-ashamed?
" Even-the-artists themselves from-the-community
" Shall-assemble-themselves all-of-them : tkey-shall*
" stand ;
" They-shall-fear ; lhey-sball-bc-askamed at-lhe-same-
" time.
12. " Thc-smith cutteth-ofF a-portion-of-iron :
" Even-worketh -he-it in-the^coals ; even-witb-kam-
" mers ho-formeth-it:
" Even-worketh-lie-it with-his-powerful arm :
" Alsobe-becoincth-hungry; even-faileth bis-strengtln
ch pw.)
" ¦Hc-drinkcth water ; because-he-is-fatigued."
Last line but one: — " even-where-is-it to-him I"
i. e. his strength, ro, taken into the text from the
immediately preceding metre; and lb changed, as in

OP ISAIAH. 123
v". 19. beneath, and many places, into ab. Not so,
2 Kings viii. 10. where nb Cetib seems better reading
than ")b Keri. Go say, Thou shalt certainly not re
cover: for the Lord, &c. Kennicott, State of the
Hebrew Text, p. 163.
Bp. Horsley on Hos'ea, 2d ed. p. 134. seems to
have overlooked the iron idol-stock of ver. 1 2. ;* which,
like the wooden one, was probably plated, or over
laid, with gold or silver. See xl. 19.
13. " The-*sculptor in-wood ^stretchetk a-luie:
" He-marketk-out-the-form- o-kimself with-ochre :
" he-worketh-it with-the-sharp-tool :
" Even-with-tbe-compass be-figureth-it," &c.
But, the metre rejects the immediately following
repetition from the preceding line.
15. " When-shall-be to-any-man trees- to-burn,
" Then-taketh-ke from-them," &c.
16. Transpose the two first future relatives, and
read; — — -" he-roasteth meat :
-\
" He-eatctk roasted ; even-is-he-satisfied :"— — —
18, " They -cannot have-known ; evcn-they -cannot have-
" understood :
This line is omitted by Mr. D.
19. " Even-can-he-not restore-it to his-mind :

* This is the carpenter in the public translation : because, until
the revival of the arts in Europe, the Geneva or King James's trans*
lators would have known no other carver in wood.

££$ READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Neither-to-Mm 0?1) is*knowledge ; neither -to-kb*
" is-understanding :
^foiV VO, as in ver. 20. "Hc-cannot Terlect; 'Part-
" ' of-the-tree I-kave-burnt" &c.
— " *' Now-the-remnant-of-it into-pan«abominable-idof
" < shall-I-turn ?
'" ' To-a-log-of wood shalU'-bow-myself-.down ?*
20. " His-imagination-is darkness (vDN) : a-keart a\e-
« hided
" Hath-turoed-himraside : so-that-he-cannot delive?
" Himself; even^that-he-cannot reflect :
" ' Is^tkereTnot a-rfalse-god at=my-right-band ?'
(r. h for X)
The idol; at whose left hand the votary may have
sjood. 21. " Call-thouTto-mindthese(-remonstrances), Jacob! '%-- »
22, " LkaveTwiped-away, as-a-sthick-cloud^ thy-*rehel-
" lions :
" Even, as-a-cloud,. thy -sins *
" Return-tkou unto*me : surely I-have-rtvlndicated-
" thee.
( Forgiven, and restored thee from Babylon. )
23: " SirtgryCj yj^hfiayens ! (d, ^3) performed-kath Je»
._ .. & koyah :
"¦ TJtteirye-a-joyful-sound, ye-depths-of tke-earth :
" Burst-ye-forth, ye-mountains, into-song:
«' Thou-forest, (Lebanon,) even-every tree therein s
" Surely hatbr vindicated Jekovah Jacob :
*' Even by-Israel bath*keiacquiredtto-hiraself sphsu*
«* dour."
* Or, revolts.. By these words, and sins,, in the parallel, wMafrJf
is principally denoted.
+ Seek. 16,-

Pf ISAIAH. 125
"(In the rebuilding of the. Temple.)
g8. " Wko-saitk-of Cyrus ; < My-intentioiist
, PJTI Ps. cxxxix. I. and 17.)
" ' Even-all my -pleasure, let-him-accomplish i1
" Who-saith of- Jerusalem ; Be-thou-built :
" Even of-tbe-temple; Be-thy-foundatioos-laid."
Ch. XLV. 1 — 8. Restoration by the instrumentality
of Cyrus. 9, 10. God's, right as creator. 11 — 14.
Restoration. 15,16, The prophet asserteth the su
periority of God to idols. ' 17 tp the end, Restora
tion. 3. " Even-will-I-give unta-tb.ee the.treasures-of dark-
" ness ;
" Eveii-ithe-stores-deeply-hidden in-secret-places :
" jtbat thou-mayest-know
" Tkat I-am Jehovah,
" He-wbo-calletb-tbee by 'thy -name, .tbe-God-of
" Israel."
The treasures and stores were those of Babylon.
The name Cyrus, from VpO ingluvies, might signify^
the-swallower^up. 4. " I-wilbsupport-thee, altkoi^b-tkou-kast-not known-
("me. (Mr.D.)
7. — "Lam Jehovah, tke-raaker-of all-things.
(See xliv. 24. and d. M^N.)
8. " Drop-ye-down, ye-heaveas ! from-above :
" Even-ye-clouds! shower-ye-down acquittal:
« Let-the-eartk open, (HID]"!) let-it-produce-fruit z
" Let-restoration even-acquittal spring-forth^
" I Jehovah have-created-every-one-of-these,
9- (jyiTPi) " Will-any-Qne-commence-a-controversy
" with kb-former?

12S READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
fc "Khe-potshcrd'With the-moulder-of the-clay?
" Shall-tke-clay say to-tke-faskioner-of-it ;
u i Wkat makest-thou ?' Even-shall-thy -work-say ;
" ' Where-are his hands ?'
10. '("lEW1}"!,, as in ver. 9.) " Skall-one-say to-kis»fatker ;
_ "<Wkat begetfest-thou?'
" Even*to-the-woman ; ' What bringest-thou-forth?'
II. " Thus saith Jehovah,
" Tke-koly-one-of Israel, cven-his-maker ; (Trans
pose next word.)
" Ask-ye-me concerning things-to-come ' upon-my-
" sons :
" Even-concerning the-works-of my-hands give-ye-
" me*directionsl
12. " I-am-he who-have-made the-earth :
" Even-a-man upon- it I-have-especially created:
(Cyrus : Mr. D.)
13. " I-am-he who-kave-rpdsed-him-up to^restore :
(2 or plib, to acquit; to discharge, to pronounce
righteous, or to restore the pardoned captive.)
" Therefore-all his-ways will-I-make«level :
" He skall-build my-city ;
" Even-my-captives he-shall-release : not-for-price,
"Neither for-reward: saith Jehovah.
14. " Thus saith Jehovah ; (to Cyrus.)
" Tke-manufacturers-of Egypt, even-the-merchants*
" of Cush,
" Even-the-Sabeans tall-.of stature,
" Unto-thee shall-pass-over, even-thine shall-be :
" After-thee tkey»shall-go : in-chains they-shall-pass«
i(- along:
" Even-unto-thee sball-they-bow-down s thee shall*
" tkey-supphantly-address ;
<c c Surely on-tby-side is-God ;

OF ISAIAH. 127
" ' Even-where-is-ke else? tkfcre-is-'na God-else?
137 " Verily thou-art the-God, that-hast-hidden-thyself :
(Not as the idols, exposed to view.)
" Thou-God-of Israel the-restbrer.
16. " They-kave-been-asbamed ; even-also confounded;
" AH-of-tkem togetker have-retired :
" In-conmsion the-makers-of idols.
(See on xliii. 14. and the future of the public trans
lation erroneously followed .in Introduction, p. xii.
where correct also as follows. )
17. "Israel hath-been-restored to-the-prosperities-of an-
" cient-times :
(In-Jctiovah, the metre rejects: and it seems to have
been inserted into the text from vv. 24, 25.)
" Ve-shall-not be-ashamed ; even-skall-ye-not be—
" confounded
" For a-very-long-time to-come."
Tiyi might have been the last word. ' For time that
lies hid, even longer.'
Restoration from captivity being the subject, the
above is proposed as the natural interpretation of the
words. It is apprehended, that CD^y in the first
metre of the v. refers to past time, and the phrase at
the end to future. Hidden time, finite, as well as in
finite, is denoted by the same word. As the restora
tion proved only finite, infinite cannot properly be
ascribed to its duration. See on ch. xxvi. 4. Finite
Restoration must also be understood, li. 6. 8., and on
lvii. 15.

128 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
15. " Surely thus hath»spoken Jehovah ;
" Who-created the-heavens : the-same-is the-God s
" He-hatk-formed the«earth; even-he-hath»made-its
"The same hatk-established-it not *emptiness:
" Even4ie-hath-created-it to-be-inhabited : he-hath
" fbrmed-it :
" I-am Jekovak : even-none-is else.
19. " Not in-secret have-I-spoken ;
" In-a-place-of the-earth, that-is-dark J
" I-have-not said to-the-seed-of Jacob ;
" In-vain seek-ye-me : I-am Jehovah,
" Who-promise acquittal, announcing-it expressly."
21. — "Am^I not Jehovah?
" Even-where-is else a-God ?
" Without-me no-one-shall-be acquitted t
" Even-a*restorer where-is beside-me ?
22. " Look-ye unto-me : eVen^be-ye-restored :
" AH-ye in-the-remote-parts-of the-earth !
" I-am God : even-where-is-ke else ?
S3. " By-myself have-I-sworn : hath-gone-forth from*
" my-mouth
" tAcquittal, the-promise : neither shall-it-be-recalled j
" To-me skall-bow every knee ; (d. ^2.)
" Skall-swear every tongue, saying :
(r. the 3d and 4th of ver. 24, omitting \)
¦24. " * Only in-the-power-of-Jekovak-are acquittals :
(d. w.)
" ' Unto-kim skall-come, even-skall-be-asbamed,
" ' All wko-kave-been-mcensed against-him :
25. " ' By-the-powcr-of-JehoVah shall-be-acquitted,
" ',
« < All the-seed-of Israel."'

even-shall-esteeto-themselves-very-happyj

* Bp. Horsley on Hosea, 2d e3, p. T76.
f The promise of acquittal and restoration.

OF ISAIAH. 129
Ch. XLVI 1, 2. Captivity. 3, 4. Restoration.
5 — 9. Folly of idolatry. 10— -13. Restoration.
1 . " Bent-forward-hath-baen Bel : crooked-backward-
" hath-been Nebo :
( Babylonian idols previously, as is probable, adopted
in Jerusalem. See lvii. 9.)
" They-have-been grievous-idols to-the-beasts, even-
" to-the-cattle ;
" Wkich-with-your-ofFerings have-been-laden, a-fa~
" tiguing weight."
The same word denoting sorrows and idols, refe
rence appears to be made to the uneasiness of the ani
mals under their loads. Reject n.
2. " They-have-been-crooked-backward; tkey-kave-been-
" bent-forward together :
" Tkey-have-not been-able to-rid-themselves of-their
" load :
" Thus-every-one-of-them into-captivity katk-gone."
4, — " I-kave especially-made : tkerefore-I-will peculiar-
" ly-bear :
" Even- I-myself will-carry : even-I-will-safely-set-you-
" down."
6. " Tkey-wko-lavisk gold out-of-tke-bag :
" Even-silver in-tbe-balance they-weigk :
" They-employ an-artificer, tkat-ke-may-make-it a-
"god:"
7. — " From-its-place it-cannot move-itself :
(Transpose F)fct)
" One-crietk unto-it ; but-it-ca»not answer :
" Also firom-his-distress can-it-not deliver-bim.
8. " Recollect-ye this ; even-be-ye-settled-in-your-minds :
" Restore-ye-it, ye-apostates, to-your-consideration."
s

130 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
9. d. V.
12. " Hearken-ye unto-me, ye-migkty-of heart !
" Ye who-are-far-distant from-acquittal.
13. " I-have-brougkt-near my-acquittal : it-skall-not be-
" far-distant:
" Even-my-restoration sball-not be-delayed :
" Even-will-I-give in-Sion restoration :
" To Israel my-splendour," (The temple.)
Ch. XLVII. Babylon taken.
1. " Descend-tkou ; even-sit-tkou upon tke<lust:
" Thou-virgin-of the-daughters-of Babylon !
" Sit-tkou upon-the-ground witkout a-seat ;
" Thou daugkter-of tke-Ckaldeans ! (d. "O) tkou no-
" longer
" Shalt-be-called the-tender, even-the-delicate.
2. " Take-thou the-mill ; even-grind-fkou the-corn :
" Uncover-thou tby-locks : strip-tkou at-tbe-fordj
" Bare-tkou tke-thigh : pass-thou the-rivers.
3. " Uncovered-shall-be thy-nakedness : it-shall-besides--
" be-seen :
" Of-thy-reproach-of-me vengeance will-I-take :
" Neither will-I-oppose-to-thee mortal-prowess."
Transpose the two last words of the original, and
see Bp. L. on x. 15.
4. " Our- vindicator-is Jehovah God-of Hosts :
" His-name-is the-holy-one-of Israel.
5. "Sit-tkou in-silence; even-go-tkou into-darkness :
" Tkou-daugkter-of the-Chaldeans ! (d. "O) thou no>
" longer
" Skalt-be-called, tbe-queen-of kingdoms.
0. " I-was-angry witk my-people exceedingly :
(transpose from end of v.)

OF ISAIAH. 131
" I-profaned mine-heritage : even-I-gave-tkem-up in-
" to-thine-hand :
" Thou-didst-not skew to-them mercy :
" Upon the-aged didst-thou-make-heavy tby-yoke:
7. " Even-saidst-thou ; For-ever I-shall-be queen.
(Let the next word immediately precede the last in
the v., and omit the fourth in order. )
" Thou-didst-not attentively consider:
" Tkou-kast-not been-mindful any-more of-the-con-
" sequence-thereof.
8. " Even-now bear-thou this, rtbou-voluptuous !
" Wko-sittest in-security; wko-sayest in-keart:
" ' I-am ; even-none-are else.
" ' I-skall-not sit a-widow :
" ' Neither skall-I-know tke-loss-of-children.'
9. " Tkerefore-are-come upon-tkee these twO-tkings;
( Future relative in the sense of prophetic praeter.
See ch. v. 15.)
" In-a-moment, in-one day ;
" Loss-of-ckildren, even-widowkood, on-a-sudden :
" Tkey-kave-come upon-thee, notwitkstanding-the-
" multitude-of thy-sorceries :
" Notwitkstanding-tke-great strengtk-of tkine-en- ,
" ckantments.
10. " But-tkou-kast-confided (F. rel. as v. 9.) ih-thy-
" wickedness : thou-kast-said ;
" No-one seeth-me. Thy- wisdom, even-thy-knowledge
" Itself hath-perverted-thee ; so-that-thou-hast-said
" in-tkine-keart,
" I-am ; even-none-are else.
11. " Tkerefore-cometk upon-thee evil, (N?1 }H.)
" Whick-thou-canst-not know how-to-deprecate :
8

132 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Even-hatk-fallen (F. r. as vv. 9, 10.) upon-tkee a-
" mischief,
" Which-tkou-kast-not been-able to-expiate;
" Even-batk-come (as vv. 9, 10.) upon-thee sud-
" denly
" A-destruction, whick-thou-couldst-not expect."
A defect is here needlessly conceived by Bp. L.: for
the metre is full.
12. " Persist-thou now in-thinc-enchantments :
" Even in-the-multitude-of thy-sorceries ;
" In-which thou-hast-laboured from-thy-youth :
" If-peradventure tkou-mayest be-profited, even-be-
" strengthened."
The metre rejects the repetition of the conditional
conjunction previously to the last word ; to which
Vau should be prefixed, and the Vau after the second
radical exchanged for "> characteristic of Hiphil.
13. " Thou-art-wearied in-tke-multiplicity-of tky-pur-
" poses :
" Let-stand-up now ; even-let-restore-thee
" The-observers-of the-heavens, the-gazers-on the-
" stars :
" They-who-prognosticate at-every-new-moon what
" those- things-are,
" Which shall-happen unto-thee.
• What those-things-are/ nn na ; and omit the
first of v.
14. " They-have-been as-stubble : tke-fire hath-consumed-
" them :
" They-could-not deliver themselves

OF ISAIAH. 133
" From-the-power-of the-flame-: (Vau) but-hatk-not-
" been a-coal
" To-afford-warmth, a-ligkt to-sit before."
A fire and a flame figuratively only, without a coal
or a light.
15. " Such have-been tkey-with-wkom tkou-kast-laboured :
(The metre rejects 7?.)
" Tdie-negotiators-witk-tkee from-thy-youtk, each
" ("Q-1577) to-kis-own-businessj
"Have-turned: no-one hath-restored-tkee."
Ch. XLVIII. The punishment of Babylon fore
told, a warning to Judah.
2. Insert r\bU after mrp.
3. " The-former-things" — Sennacherib's defeat.
End of v. 5., see xl. 19.
6. " Thou-didst-previously-hear this wkick-is-accom-
"plisked: (See 3.)
,, " But-tkem (M7) ye-could-not kave-announced,
(the conquest of Babylon, and the restoration,)
" Which-I-have-declared-to-tkee, tke-new-tkings
" from-tke-present-time ;
" Even-wkick-have-been-stored-up, so-tkat-thou-
" couldst-not know-them.
8. The metre rejects D3 3m. 9. Restoration.
 " I-will-defer-from-thee ("]3-) mine-anger :

" Even-for-tke-sake-of-my-praise I-will-restrain-it-
"from-tkee; C] instead of *J7) tkat-I-may-
" not utterly-cut-tkee-ofF.

134 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
10. " Have-not I-purified-thee (-H ]H) : but-not as-silver ?
(not made thee as pure as silver.)
" Have-not I-tried-thee in-the-furnace-of affliction ?
II. " For-mine-own-sake, for-mine-own-sake I-will-exe-
" cute-my-purpose :
" Else how would-my-name be-profaned ?
" Even-my-glory to-another (to idols) I-will-not give.
12. " Hearken-thou unto-me, Jacob, my -servant ;
"Even Israel, my-called.
" I-am tbe-same : I-am the-first :
" Also I-am the-last :
13. " Also my-hand hath-founded the-earth,
" Even-my-right-hand hath-spanned the-heavens :
" When-I call, (them m. rejects) they-present-them-
" selves togetker.
14. "Assemble-ye-yourselves aU-of-you, even-hear-ye:
" Wko arnongst-them (the idols) hath-announced it?
(liW.)
" He-whom-Jekovak hatk-loved, (Cyrus) will-exe-
" cute his-will
" Upon-Babylon, even-upon-tbe-power-of tke-Chal-
" deans.
(Transpose y and 1 in the middle word.)
15. " I-myself, myself-I-say, have-spoken :
" Also I-have-called-him : I-have-led-him :
" Even-shall-prosper his-wtiy unto-him."
' (Metre requires *D.)
'¦ft.
16. It is apprehended that the prophet speaks. *
" Approach-ye unto-me : hear-ye this.
" Not from-tke-beginning in-secret have-I-spoken :
" From-tke-timethat-it-was-appointed-to-be Jebovah
" hatk-declared-it-unto-me :
( JehOv^h seems to have been wrongly transferred

OF ISAIAH. 135
from this to the following line, and « to have been
instead of y. )
" Even-now hatk-ke-sent-me, even-kis-spirit."
The spirit of Jehovah having sent the'prophet, he
spake from divine inspiration the things which de
manded the greatest attention.
17. " Thus saith Jehovak ;
" Tky -vindicator, tke-koly-one-of Israel :
" I-am Jehovah thy-God, who-katk-taugkt-tkee
" To-make-tkyself-profitable; wko-katk-directed-tkee
" in-tke-way-in-wkick tkou-shouldst-go.
18. " Would that-thou-kadst-attended to-my-commands :
" Then-kad-been as-tbe-river thy-prospeiity :
( abundant as the Euphrates. )
" Eyen-tky-deliverance as-the-floods-of tke-sea :
19. "Then-kad-been as- its-sand 0 aff.) thy-seed:
" Even-the-issue-of thy-bowels, as-its-gravel :
" Would-not have-beenTCut-off, even-would-not have-
" been-destroyed
" Its-name, even-thy-name, from-before-me.
(Metre requires "]a©1. The' name 6f thy seed, even
thy name. )
20. " Go-ye-forth from-Babylon : flee-ye from-tke-Chal-
deans :
" With-tke-voice-of joy announce-ye i
" Declare-ye this: utter-ye-k-fortk ;
" Unto the-end-of tke-earth say-ye;
" Jehovak kath-vindicated his-servant Jacob :
21. " Therefore-did-they-nbt thirst m-the-deserts, througk-
" which-he-led-tkem :
" Waters from-tke-roqk ke-made-to-flow to-tkem:

136 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Even-clave-he the-rock ; when-gushed-out the-wa-
" ters.
22. " No prosperity (J-niTO) affordetk-Jekovah to-tke-
" wicked."
So r\btaat lvii. 21.
Ch. XLIX. The use of the captivity and the re
storation. The prophet seems to continue the speaker,
but assuming the person of the righteous remnant to
be restored from captivity.
3. " ' My-servant art-tkou, Israel !
" ' In wkom I-will-make-myself-splendid :
4. " ' Although-with-myself I-tbought ; In- vain have-
" ' 1-laboured :
" ' For-nougbt, even-for-vanity my-sfrength have-
" I-spent.' "
The reflection, v. 4., respects their past idolatries
and perverse blindness. Thus far both vv. are the
words of Jehovah. The prophet in behalf of his
countrymen resumes :
"Nevertheless my -written-law -is witk Jehovah:
" Even-the-work-in-my-behalf-is witk my-God."'
The righteous remnant confides, that their religion
and restoration to it are in the power of Jehovah : in
the following vv. the remnant appears to be the suf
ferer for, and occasion of restoration to, the people -
at large. 5. " Even-now thus saith Jehovah,
" Who-formed-me fiom-the-womb to-be-servant to-
"him;

OF ISAIAH* 1$7
" To-make-to-return Jacob uato-kim. ;
".Even-that Israel to-kim skould-be-gatbered ;
" Even-that-I-mighf-be-honoured in-the-^eyes-of Je-
" hovah ;
" Even-that-my-God might-be my-strerigth :
6. " Therefore-saith-he ; A-less-matter-it-is, tkan4ky
>'-'¦¦ " being
" Tp-rjoe a-servant, that-thou-shouldst-raise-up
" The tribes-of Jacob ;
" EyerL-tbe-preseryed-of Israel tkat-tkou-skouldst-
" make-to-return :s
" Tkerefore-kave-I-given-tkee for-a-'ligkt-of tke-na*
f tions, tkat-migkt-reack
., ".MyiTestoration;untostkp-endsj|of tke-earth.
7. "Thus saitk Jekovak, (concerning tke rigkteous
.j^ptiv^s, xlvip. 20.)
" Tke-vindicator-of Israel bis-(Jekovak's) koly-one;
" Coucerning:him-who-was-despised in-peison ; the*
" abhorrence-of the-nation ;
" Tke-servant-pf tke-rulers : ' Kings shall-'sechinl :
(when nationally restored. ) .
lf ' Even-shaQ-rise-up princes, that-tk'ey-may-bow*
" ' down-to-hiin :''
" [ For-the-sake-of Jehovak, who is-faithful :
'" ' *Tke-holy-one-of Israel^ who-kath-tried-tkee.' (See xlviii. 10.)
8';'"Tkus s"aitk Jehovah *';'"
(of the ; ^righteous remnant, appointed to call forth to
restoration.) * In this, single v. Jehovah is the holy one of Israel, i. e. pfeculU
arly attached to the descendants of Jacob, ; and Israel is the holy
one of Jehovah, i. e. the descendants of Jacob are peculiarly set
apart to the worship of Jehovah. . See the second line o£ the vejse*

138 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" In-tke-season-of favour have-I-afflicted-thee :
" Even-in-tke-day-of restoration have-I-kelped-tkee :
" Even-have-I-preserved-tkee, that-I-migkt-appoint-
" thee over-tke-covenant-of the-people;
' Toirestore the-land ; to-cause-the-owners-to-possess
" the-inkeritances.
(The metre rejects the last word.)
9. " That-tkou-migktest-say to-the-prisoners ; Go-ye*
" forth :
" To-those-who-are in-darkness ; Appear-ye :
" Beside the- ways shall-tkey-fecd :
" Even-upon-all the-plains shall-be-their-pasture.
10. " They-shall-not hunger ; neither skall-they-thirst :
" Neither shau-smite4kem the-glowing-heat, or-tke-
" sun :'
" Surely ke-wko-katk-compassidn-on-fkem skall-Iead-
" tkem :
" Even-beside the-springs-of waters shall-ke-guide-
" them.
11. " Even-will-I-make all my -mountains
"An-higbway: even-my-causeys shall-be-raised.
12. "Hither tkese from-afar skall-come:
" EvenThither these from-the-nortk andyfrom-tke-west:
" Evenrthese from-tke-land-of Sinim.
13. " Sing-ye-aloud, ye-keavens ! even-rejoice-tkou, tkou-
" eartk :
" Even-burst-ye-forth^ ye-mountains, mto-soqg :
" Surely * bath-comforted Jehovah
" His-people ; even-on-his-afllicted will-he-have-com-
" passion.
14. " But-saith Sion : ' Hatb-forsaken-me
" ' Jehovak ; even-my-lord hath-forgotfen-me.'
15. " Can-a-Woman forget her-belpless-ofFspring ;
* A prophetic prater. See v. 13., xxxii. 14., and xliii. 14.

OF ISAIAH. 139
(See Bp. Horsley on Hosea, 2d ed. p. 79.)
" That-she-should-have-no-tenderness for-tke-ckil-
" dren-of her-womb ?
" Even-although women-may-forget these ;
" Yet-will-I not forget-tbee.
16. " Have-Lnot upon tke-palms-of-my-kands engraven-
" tkee?
" Are-not-thy-WALLS in-my-sight continually ?"
(The temple.)
The ancient usage, expressed in these two lines, of
commemorating friendship, by punctured delinea
tions of places of residence, is also, as it is conceived,
referred to in Zechariah, xiii. 6., notwithstanding the
excellent Abp. Newcome and the learned Dr. Blay
ney have not observed it.
5. Butreach-rskall-say, ' No propket am-I :
' To-a-rich (pr. ?.) cultivator-of his-own-estate I-be-
' long :
* Surely the-land hath-possessed-me (as a servant)
' from-my-yputh.'
6. Th,en-ska{I-one-say unto-kim ; ' Wkat are-these
' Strpkes witkin tkine-bands ?' Tken-ke-skall-say,
f Tkoserwhick I-have-stricken, tke-HousE-of my-
' friends.'
5. A man of high degree is urn, and therefore not
likely to have been either possessed, or taught to keep
cattle, by DIN, a man of low degree; as in the pub
lic translation.
6. If "anxn has always an impure meaning, as Abp.
Seeker (see App. to Abp. N.) has asserted, that
meaning must seem to be confined to it as Hiphil.
But, why should not a slave reply, The punctures in

140 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
my hands are a drawing of the house rof my master
and his family, who by their kindness have (in Hiphil
innocently) made me to love them ?
An opportunity of publishing the Minor Prophets,
which, on the plan of these Readings and Interpre
tations, are ready for the press, it is hoped will be afr
forded. To return to Isaiah.
17. " * Speedily -have-been thy-builders, tkey-who-kave*
" destroyed-tkee :
" Even-they-who-have-laid-thee-waste from-thee have*
" gone-forth."
^ After having rebuilt Jerusalem, and restored Judah,
the destroyers shall depart home. See the end of v. 19.
But, possibly v. 17 may be an ancient equivoque,
twofold ; "]">33, signifying sons or proselytes, as well as
builders, and W religious offspring, as well as de-
par ters.
18. " Lift-thou-up around thine-eyes, even-see-thou :
" All-of-them are-assembled, bave-come to-thee:
"As-I live; witk-all-of-tkem, as-witk-a-rich-dress,
" Tkou-skalt-clothe-tbyself : even-tbou-shalt-bind-
" them-about-thee, as-doth-a-bride."
The speaker is Jehovah, regularly introduced by
the prophet at the beginnings of vv. 6, 7, 8 : there-*
fore after the words above, As I live, the three that
follow are superfluous ; but the metre would thus ad-»
mit them :
As-I live, saith Jehovah,
Surely with-all-of-them, &c,
¦ * Prophetic prater, as in v. 13,

OF ISAIAH. 141
The enenrj* compelled to rebuild and then to de
part, were a great ornament to the righteous remnant;
not less perhaps than gentile proselytes to the Jewish
religion, which also they might have become. There
is no imperfection at the end of the sentence as Bp. L.
imagined. They skall be as ornamental to thee as a bridal dress :
Tkou skalt clothe thyself with these ornaments, as a
bride would.
19. "Surely now tby-waste-places, even-tby-desolate-
" places,
" Evenrthy-land laid-in-rqins shall-fae-too-small
" For-itsTinhabitants : even-shall-they-be?far-removed
" wko-devoured-tthee.
(Transpose nny from the middle of thg v. where
omit 13.)
20. " Shall-yet say in-tbine-ears
" The-sons-of those-of-whom-thou-hast-beeh-bereavedj
" Is-too-strait for-me
" TMs-place : make-room for-me, tkat-I-may-dwell :
21. " Then-sbalWkau-say in-thine-heart; These! (rr?N.)
" Wkp bath-begotten to-me them ? (DUN.)
" Even-I-was bereaved, even-solitary, an-exile;
" Even-an-outcast : tkerefore-tkese wko hath-educated ?
" If I remained alone,
" Tkese (prefix 1) where- were they?
22. " Thus saith Jehovah : (flJil superfluous.)
" I-will-lift-up unto the-nations mine-band:
" Even-unto the-peoples I-will-exalt my-signal $
" Even-sball-they-bring thy-sons upon-the?arm :
" Even-thy-daughters upon the-shoulder skall-be-car-
" ried,
23. " Even-sball-be kings tky-foster-fatkers :
" Even tkeir-queens thy-nufsing-mothers :

142 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" With-their-faces: to-the-earth: tkey-shalbboyiirdown
"to-thee:
" Even-the-dust-of thy-feet they-shall-Iick :
" That-thou-mayest-know that I-am Jehovah :
" That they-shall-not be-askamed who-trust-in-me.
24. " Shall-be-taken-away from-tke-mighty tke-spoil?
" Even-shall the-*captives-of tke-terribie be-rescupd ?
25. " Surely, thus saitb Jehovah :
" Although the-*captives-of the-mighty shall-be-taken-
" away :
" Even-the-spoil-of the-terrible skall-be-rescued :
" Yet-witk those- who-contend- witk -thee I-myself
" will-contend :
" Even- thy sons I-myself will-restore.
26. " Even-will-I-gorge thine oppressors
" With thehvown-flesh : even-as-jsweet-wine their-
" own-blood
" They-shall-drink ; tkat-may-know albflesk,
" That I-am Jehovak thy -restorer ;
" Even-thy-vindicator fke-Mighty-One-of Jacob."
Ch. L. 1 — 3. Jehovah speaks. 4 — 9. The prophet
in the person of the righteous remnant ; as xlix. 1, 2.
The two last vv. are addressed by the prophet in his
own person: v. 10. to the righteous, 11. to the un
righteous among his countrymen.
1. — -" Have-:ye-not for-your-idolatries been-sold?
" Evenrfor-your-apostasies hath-been-;dismissed your-
<ti mother.
2,. — « Even-is not in-me to-deliver ?
(The metre requires the ellipse of ri3, as in xliv. 12.)
" Can-I-not by-my-rebuke make-dry the-sea ?"
* Or, captivity.

OF ISAIAH. 143
Continue the negative interrogations to the end of v. 3 .
4, 5. 7. 9. The metre rejects, in vv. 5 — 9, the su
perfluous and superstitious Jewish substitute premised
to Jehovah in these vv., as in many other places of
the O. T.
g, ji My-back kave-I-submitted to-blows :
" EVen-miy-cheeksio-buffeting (insert 27 last radical):
f my-face -'
" Have-not I-hidden from-disgraces, . even-spitting.
7. " Because-Jehovah helpeth me ;
" Therefore have-I-riotbeen-ashamed:
(Next, m own.)
" Because-he-hath-set my face as-a-flintj
" Therefore-I-khow that I-shall-not be-cohfounded.
8. " Near-is my-acquitter : who will-contend-with-me ?
nn^ " Wilt-thou ? let-us-stand-forfh together :
(Next, 1 pref. and d., TO.)
" Even-he-who-possesseth my-written-laW will-cdme-
" forward in-my-behalf.
9. " Doth-not Jehovah help me ?'"¦"
" Who is-he that-will-condemn-me ?
" Shall-not -all-of-them as-a-garment
" Decay ? The-motn shall-consume-them.
10. — " He-wko walketh iii-darkness ;
" u?ven-is-not light to kim :
" Let-kim-trust in-the-riame-of Jehovak ;
" Even-let-bim-rest-kimself Upon-his-God. II. Are-
, " not aU-of-you,
. " Tkey-v/ho-kindle a-fire^ wko-are-encompassed
, " witb-sparks ? . ,
" Walk-ye in-tke-light-of your-fire :
" Even, among-the-sparks, wkick-ye-kave-kindled.
" From-my-delivery be tkis
"To-'you: Ye-shall-lie>-down (die) ia-the-land-of-
" idols." (Ckaldea.)

144 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Ch. LI. l — 3. Restoration was for the promise" to
Abraham. " Hearken-ye unio-nte, ye-wko^earneStly-expect ac-
" quittal :
" Ye-who-seek-me, (ON2) saith Jehovak.
2. — ^"liTWt " For-to-follow-me I-bade-kim ; even-I-
¦lt. blessed-kim ; • even-I-multipEed-Bim.
3. " Therefore katk-consoled Jekovak Sion:"
Prophetic praeter. See V. 13. xliii. 12, &c.
4. " Attend-ye unto-me, my-people ! {of Judaea.)
" Even-my-nation, unto-me give-ye-ear !
" Surely the-law from-me shall-proceed :
" Even-my-writtenrIaw for-a-light-of the-pepples I"
" will-restore.
(The religion and temple to be restored.)
5. " Near-is mine-acquittal : proceedeth nfy-Velp :
(See Bp. JLdwth on p-nt in this v.; and thus inter
pret Micah vi. 5, end.
' That ye-may-be-sensible-of the-deliverances-of Je-
' hovah :'
meaning the, two deliverances specified, vv. 4, 5, from
Egypt and from the Moabites : from want of, ob
servation of which Dr. Wheeler (see Ahp..N.) con
sidered the word as the plural of intensify, j
Pekah, king of Israel, affected with theaxpostula-^
tion of Jehovah by his prophet, reqtrests to know
what he is to do : vv. 6, 7, 8. Not Balak/ suddenly
religious, after various fruitless endeavours to destroy
the people of God; as Bps. Butler and Lowth, and
Mr. Peters have thought, whom Abp. Newcome has
followed* (See ch. xxxii. 16, 17. and Sermon on Fast,
1808.)

OF ISAIAH. 145
" Even.-from-mine-jirrfl ;shall-the-peoples receive-law :
" Upon-me , shall-tke-distant-nations grpund-tkeir-ex-
" pectation :
" Even-upon mine-arm shall-tliey-rest -their-hope.
6. _« Even-its-inhabitants, (|p ^3^3) as-tbe-inhabi-
" tants-of a-nei»t, sball-die :
" But-my-restoration for-a-long-lime shult-be :
(See xiv. 17.)
" Even-mine-acquittal sha!l-nat be-annulled.
7. " Hearkep-ye unto-me, ye-who-are-conscious-of ac-
" quittal :
" Thou-people, in-wbose-keart-is my-Iaw : (To the
righteous remnant.)
" Fear-ye not tbe-reproach-of mortals : (Chaldees:)
" Even-by-tkeii-rcvilings be-ye-not subdued.
8. " Surely as-a-garment sball-tbe-motb consume-tkcm :
" Even-as- wool sball-tbe-worm eatrthem:
But-mine-acquittal for-a-long-tinie $haU-last :
Even-my-rei=toration for-many ages.
9. — " Rahab (Egypt), that-wounded the-crocodile ?"
The king of Egypt. Mr. D. right. So Psalm ixxir.
14. the dragons, or the crocodiles, are the Egyptians:
and v. 15. Leviathan is Pharoah ; and, the heads of
Leviathan, the princes of Egypt. Bythner.
11. — " Even-tbe-jojs-af former-times in their-thwughts;'1 See xxxv. 10.
12. — " Who art-thou, that-thou (people) -shonldst-fear
" a-mortal ;
" Even-a-son-of man, who-sball, &x.?
(Metre rejects nTO"1-)
14. " Speedily-sball tlie-oppresscd kave-libesty :" &c.
Dr. B. and Mr. D.
15. " For-I-am Jehovah, tby-CIoJ.;
" Who-agitate'tb tke-se.i, so-thai-ro-ir the-w.ives-
" thereof: u

a

146 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
(Dr. B. on Jer. xxxi. 35. So Ps. lix. 6. 14. inn>
expresses the outrageous disturbance made by dogs in
the night, or confident and tumultuous enemies. The
'grin' of the old translation read in churches, should,
like many other improper translations of the O. T.,
be altered. )
" Jehovah (VPN) God-of Hosts is-my-name." C not 1.)
16; " Therefore-have-1-placed my-words in-thy-mouth :
" Even-within-lhe-shadow-of mine-hand have-I-pro-
" tected-thee :
" Wben-were-stretehed-out the-heavens, even-when-
" was-founded the-earth ;
" Tben-said-I unto-Sion : Thou-art my-people. '
17. " Stir-thou-up-thyself ! stir-tbou-up-thyself! arise-
" thou, Jerusalem !
" Who hast-drunken from-the-band-of Jehovah
" The cup-of his-wrath :
" The dregs-of the-cup,
" Tbe-horror, thou-hast-drunken, thou-hast-drained.
18. " Where-is onc-to-lead her;
" Among-all the-sons, which-she-hath-brougbt-fortb?
" Even-where-is onc-to-support her-hand ;
" Among-all the-sons whom-she-hath-educated ?
19. " The-two-things are-these which-have-befallen-tkee:-
" Who-is he-who-can-bemoan thee ?
" The-desolation ; even-the-destruction : even-the-fa-
" mine ; even-the-sword :
" Who (-^ NTT) is-hc who-can-comfort-thee ?
20. " Thy-sons have-swooned : they-have-licn-along (deadX
" At-the-bead-of all the-strcets,
" As-the-oryx in-thc-toils : (TTtiH) they-are filled
" With-the-wratb-of Jehovah, with-tbe-rebuke-of
" thy-God.

OF ISAIAH. 147
21. "Therefore hear-thou now "this; (Jerusalem.)
*' Thou-afflicted ! even-thou-drunken, but-not with-
" wine !
22. " Thus saith Jehovah ;
u Even-fhy-God, who-avengetb his-people :
" Have-I-not made-to-be-taken from-thine-band
" The cup, tbe-borror ; Have-I-not
" The dregs'-of tbe-cup-of my-wrath ?
" Thou-shalt-not again drink-it any-more.
23. " Even-I-have-placed-it in-tke-hand-of-thy-oppresr
" sors,
" Who have-said unto-thee ;
" ' Bow-tbou-down-thy-body,tliat-we-may-go-ovef:' " — .when-thou-hast-placed
" As-the-ground thy-back, cven-as-the-streets to-:
" them-who-passed-along."
Ch. LII, 1. As in ch. Ii. 9. the arm of Jehovah
was poetically invoked, to give, so here in nearjy the
same words is Sion invoked to receive, restoration.
From this place to the end of the.writings of the pro
phet, it will be generally necessary to insert the whole:
so greatly does the present interpretation differ from
all preceding. " Awake-thoiij awake-thou, clothe-thou-thyself
" With-thy -strength, Sion ! clotbe-thdii-thyself
" With-the-garrrients-of thy-glory, Jerusalem !
'V'Iritrjrthe-cityiof thy-holiness let-not again
¦" "Enter any-more the-uncircumcised, even-tbe-pol-
" luted."
May the barbarian enemy never again enter to
profane it. The metre rejects "p.
2. " Sbake-tbou-thyself from-tbe-dust: arise-tbou from-
" captivity :

148 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Jerusalem !: loose-tkou-thyself from-tbe-baMs-icff
".thy -neck:
" Tbou-captive daughter-of Sion !
3. " Surely thus saith Jebbvah:
" For-nqught ye-were-sold, ye; OfU*.
" Neither with-money shall -ye-be-ransotned.
4. " Surely thus saith Jehovah :
" To-Egypt went-down my-people
" Originally fo-sojotorn there :
" But-to-Assyria they-bave-gone last-of-all."
Assyria a comprehensive name including Babylon:
for the reading of the original of this metre, see
note on the blessing upon Gad in the Patriarchal
Blessings, p. 17.
5. " Therefpre-now what is-mine here ?
" Surely hathrbeen-taken-away my-people
" For-npugbf :' their-rulers-boast-of-it.
" Even-c'ontirtually every r day they-(my people)-
" surfer-contempt. "
The metre' rejects "vsti.
6. " Therefore in-that day
" Let-know- my-people my -name:
" Surely,, I-am the -same ;
" Jehovah, wbo-said : Is-it-not-I ?
7. " How beautiful-appear upon,the-mountawis, *
" Tbe-feet-of the-joyfuL-messe»ger, r of-himiwho-an.
" nounceth peace !
" Of-the-joyful-messenger-of ( glad-tidings, , of-hisa-
" wbo-announceth restoration !
" Of-kim-wbo-saith to-Siori ; 'Reigneth thy-God !
8v " The-vdice have-thy- watchmen lifted-up: '
" With-tbe-voice together then-sang-they :

OF ISAIAH. 149
" When-*ye to-eye tkey-saw :
" Wken-returnerl Jekovab to-Sion.
9. " Break-ye-foith-iwto-joy : shout-ye together:
" Ye-mins-of Jerusalem ! surely hatb-consoled
" Jehovah his-people : be-hatb-vindicated Israel."
Israel: Bp! L. seems right. Israel is often God's
people of Judah : but, by the instrumentality of
Cyrus, it is believed that Israel and Judah were re
stored from captivity together; and also the royal fa
mily of David to the throne of both kingdoms.
10. " Hath-made-bare Jehovah his-arm (metre full)
" In-tbe-sight-of all the-nations : •
" Even-have-seen all the-ends-of the-earth
" The restoration-of our-Qod."
¦ i
8, 9, 10, L4. Prophetic praters: see also chh. v. 13.,
xxxii. 14., xxxiv. 14., and xliii. 14.
11. "Depart-ye; depart-ye : go-ye.-out frQm-the-Chal- ¦:
" .{beans : (xlviii. 20.)
" Tbat-wbicb-is-polluted touch-ye not.:
" Go-ye-out from-tbe-midst-of Babylon : flee-ye
" Ye-cxalfed vessels-of Jehovah !
12. " Surely: not in-confusion must-ye-go-fbrtk :
"Even-in-flight must-ye-not march :
"Surely marcheth befbre-you , jJehovab :
" Even-bringeth-up-your-rear the-God-of Israel. ,
13. " I-myself ("^N) will-make-to-^prosper (N for "*) *my-
" servant :
" He-shall-be-raised-aloft ; even-shall-be-be-exalted ;
" even-shall-be-be-exceedingly elevated.
14. ".In-the-same-fnanneMs have-been-astonished Upoo-
" his-toccount marry;
* Jacobs

150 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
(" Because 03) marred from-the-look-of-bigk-degre*
" hath-been-his-appearance :
" Even-his-figure from-tbat-of the-sons-of men:)
15. " So shall-look-with-admiration the-nations around
" Oo-kis-account shall-kings shut their-moutbs :
(Next r. 1 for >3, and twice d. ab.)
¦ ¦ »
" Wben-wbat had-been-declared to-them they -see :
" Even-when-what tkey-had-beard tbey-attentively-
" consider."
13. Jacob, or the righteous remnant restored from
captivity,' seems described. 15. The alteration was
to be greater than could be believed : so liii. 1 . Al
though, p. 29. it is truly expressed, that there was no
wish to interfere with established opinions ; (see also
pv 80. ) it may yet be suggested, whether these opi
nions, which have departed from the literal interpre
tation of sacred scripture, have not given rise to as
many .various interpretations of it as there are pulpits
in the metropolis of England without the pale of the
church establishment : and, whether the relinquish
ment of untenable ground may not be adviseablc, as
most advantageous to the christian cause. In his in
terpretations of Isaiah, Bp. Lowth hath had many
predecessors, and their authority for them may have
been, the applications of various passages in the pro
phets, said to have beep, made by our Lord and his
apostles in the N..T-. the extent of which applica
tions may depend on the meaning of theword w^jjpwSij1
in Jewish Greek; the applications themselves may

'% KB"*"™

OF ISAIAH. 151
respect but a very small part, or only two or three
words of the quotation ; or the whole of the appli
cations may be null, and nothing more than so many
interpolations : from which it is known that neither
Old nor New Testament has been miraculously pre
served. If the prophecies of the O. T. are to have
two or three different aspects, it is more than would
be allowed in the courts of criticism to any other
writings. See xlii. 1.; also, The Church of England
incompletely reformed: a Sermon on occasion of the
General Fast, Feb. 17, li

Ch. LIII. 1. The prophet speaks, and in the pro
phetic praeter, as in 8, 9, 10. 14. of the preceding
chapter. The report refers to the last metre of hi. 15.
Who hath believed? i.e. who will believe this future
alteration in the captive restored from Babylon ?
" W ho bath-believed our-report ?
" Even-the-arm-of - Jehovak (TO7) to-whom hatb-
" been-manifested ?
2. " That-one-should-aspire, as-a-tender-plant into-ihe-
" open-air ; (
" Even-as-a-root frorn-a-land-of drought ;
" In-wbich is-not elegance,
" Or beauty, that-we-should-regard-it ;
" Neither-is its-appearance-such, that-we-should-de-
" sire-rft.
3. " Pespisedj even-.ceasing froni-amongst-men : (suck
" was the captive,)
" A-man-of sorrows, even-known-to grief:
" Even-as-one-tkat-bidetk the-face from-us,
" Despised ; neither esteemed-we-kim.

152 READINGS .AND INTERPRETATIONS
4. "Surely our-irmtmities be* hath -borne:
" Even-our-sicknesses M*n ke bath-carried :
" Whilst-we esteemed-kim one-stricken,
" A-smitten-of God, even-an-afnicted.
5. " But-ke was-wounded for-our-revolts :
" He (NTT) was-bruised for-our-idolatries :
" The-discipline by-which-our-peace-was-efFected
" was-upon*>him :
" Even-by-kis-bruises healing-was to-us. (See also 8, end.)
6. " We-all-of-us as-sheep have-strayed :
* The most usual signification of NtM is, to bear, and of klD, to
carry ; which latter confirms the meaning of the former. The
person described by Isaiah, the Jewish captive returning from Ba
bylon, or the Israelitish from Assyria, did not take away or remove
the infirmities or sorrows of his countrymen, but he bare and car
ried them. Neither did our I-ord, to whom Matth. viii. 17. this
prophecy is applied, take away or remove, but, as H\a.te and Itx-
sraffsv express, he took up and carried. The physician does not lake
away or remove infirmities and disorders, but he takes up and carries
the burden of them: not exactly as the captive bears the miseries
of captivity, by suffering them ; but by lifting a considerable part
of the load from his patient, and bearing it. upon his own mind.
The physician is but the instrument under God, the remover of in
firmities and diseases. Thus our Lord was the physician,the homo,
to whom humani nihil alienum; and by analogy to the captive, pos
sibly an unoffending person, who suffered for the faults of -his coun
trymen who lived before him, he lifts upon himself the load of hu
man -wretchedness. The prophecy was fulfilled when the captive
returned from Babylon or Nineveh : and « the thing spoken by
« Isaiah the propTiet' again vXypuiSf might be publicly declared as a
true saying, when bur Saviour dispossessed the dasmoniacs and
healed the sick. That ittypov in Hellenistic or Jewish Greek ac
quired such signification, see Miehaelis's Introduction, translated
by Marsh, vol. i. pp. 128, 129.

OF ISAIAH. 153
" Each to-his-own-way, we-have-turned :
" Even-hath- Jehovah made-to-light upon-kim
" The punishment-of us-all."
See v. 1 1 . and Blayney on Lam. iv^ 22.
7. " He-was-brought-forth ; even-he was-questioned :
" But-he-opened not kis^moutb :
" As^-a-lamb to-the^slaughter was-he-brougbt :
" Even-as-a-skeep before her-shearers is-dumb :
" Everi-opened-he not his-mouth.
8. " From-tke-solemn-day (r. H), eVen-from-written-
" law was-ke-taken :
" Even-kis existence who will-be-able-to-declare ?"
The captive was deprived of his religion and sa
cred law, and shut up in unseen and unknown exist
ence. " Surely he-was-cut-off from-the-land-of the-living :
" For-the-revolt-of the-people was-the-blow-inflicted
" upon-tkem."
Niph. impersonal future relative: see 5, end. Many
died in captivity; and all were cut off from their
own country, and from their relatives therein. The
last word of the v. signifying to-him, or to-them,
shows, that the person described is, in the noun of
multitude, the people immediately before mentioned.
To Bp. L.'s reading and interpretation several ob
jections arise. The LXX read, he was led to death ;
but the Hebrew words, which they either saw or ima
gined, occur also together at the end of the 15th ver.
of Ps. xlviii., and are there understood in a very dif
ferent meaning, that God would lead, i. e. would not
x

154 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
forsake, his people unto the end of their lives. In
the ps. the preposition is not, as in Isaiah, abbre
viated. See on ch. ii. 3. But, if being led to death
had been good Hebrew, it would not follow, that
being smitten to death should be.
Of Hezekiah being sick to death, ch. xxx viii. 1. the
metre rejects the last word ; and in fact rightly, for
he did not then die. Where then is the authority for
the expression ?
With respect to Dr. Kennicott's note, and the story
of Origen and the learned Jews, let the possibility of
a meeting between Origen, Bp. L., and Dr. K. be for
a moment supposed ; and let it be asked, what would
the two latter, as learned Hebraeans, have thought
of the former, had he quoted to them Ps. xlviii. 15.
end, in the following words, uiiag ultfi n^xg sic BocvaTov:
translating the verb 3TB, which he and the LXX ap
pear to have read in Isaiah, in the sense in which they
have there translated it?
Origen ' seemed to press the learned Jews the hard-
' est by this sentence ; «. r. a. r. A. p. rj%9vi slg Bctvccrov.'
Yes : he pressed them dumb with astonishment at the
mistaken reading and interpretation of the LXX and
himself; and there was no longer any arguing with
Origen, whose knowledge of Hebrew appears to have
been rightly estimated by Dr. Blayney, perhaps the
best Hebrew scholar, who has published in this coun
try for many years past. See his Zechariah, Appen
dix, p. 79.; also, The Church of England incomplete
ly reformed, a sermon &c.

OF ISAIAH. 155
9. " Even-was-it-appointed that-the- wicked ("Hiy)
" skould-carry-kim-away :
" Eyen-eyery rick-person amongst-kis-countrymen :
" Altkougk-no violence kad-he committed ;
" Neither-had-there-been any-guile iftihis-mouth."
In, the first metre r. y for p : and in the third T
for *7y, and insert UTi after the negative. St. Peter,
Aots ii. 23. may be thought to have attended to the
first metre. ' Him, being delivered by the determinate
' counsel and foreknowledge of God, ye have taken,
' and by wicked hands.' The prophet seems to de
signate the pious captive or captives amongst the Jews
in Babylon.
10. " Yet-Jebovah it-pleased to-crush-bim with-afnic-
" tion :
" Although placed hx-a-state-of-guilt shall-be-he-
. ".bimfelf; ,
,.?-'. He-shall-see a-seed that-sball-prolong days:
" So-that-tbc-pleasurerof Jehovah in-his (Jehovah's)-
" kand skall-prosper.
-II. " From-the-trouble which-he-shall-experience he-
" shall-be-stored with-knowledge:: <
" Even-skall-he-wko-is-acquitted occasionTacquittal
" to-many ;
" Inasmuck-as-tkeir-punishments ke-himself shall-
" carry."
The third word of v. 11. a transcriber's mistake
from the preceding verse, and left for the fairness of
the copy. The metre rejects my-scrvant, and the pre
ceding noun and verb should be transposed.
12. " Therefore bis-shall-be many :"

156 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
As the prophet is the speaker, the verb, which in
the second place appears in the first person, cannot he
right ; especially as in the seventh place it occurs in
the third person : omit both it and 2.
" Even-the mighty he-shall-share, as-a-spoil ;
" Because he suffered-affliction in-kis-person :"
Transpose "iy, and omit ma, which the metre rejects.
" Eyen-witb revqlters was-he numbered :
" Even-was-he-a-sin-ofFering for-many : even-for-re-
" volters made-he-iutercession."
The metre requires a transposition of the pronoun
and the preceding verb, and the rejection of Ntt?3.
Ch, LIV. 1.
" Shout-thou-for-joy,thou-barren, who-hast-not borne!
" Break-thou-forth-into-exultation, even-utter-thou-a-
" sound-of gladness, thou-who-kast-hot suf-
" fered-the-pains-of-childbirth !"
The metre rejects the substantive in the second
place in the preceding line. Sion, forsaken during
the captivity, is invoked to exult in restoration.
" Surely more-are the-children-of tke-desolate,
" Than-those-of the-married-woman ! saith Jehovah.
2. " Enlarge-thou the-place-of thy-tents :
" Even-let-the-curtains-of thy -habitation be-exfended:
" Spare-tbou not : lengthen-thou
" Thy-cdrds : eyen-thy-stakes firmly-fix-thou.
3, " Surely on-tke-right-band, even-on-tbe-left shalt-
" thou-burst-forth-witb-increase :
" Eyen-thy-seed sball^dispossess the-nations j

OP ISAIAH. 157
" So-that-cities to-be-desolated shall-they-be-made-
" to-inhabit.
4. " Fear-thou not : thou-shalt-not be-put-to-shame :
" Even-blush-tbou not : thou-shalt-not be-brought-
" to-reproach :
" Surely the-shame-of thy-youth thou-shalt-forget :
" Even-the-reproach-of thy-widowkood tkou-skalt-
" not remember."
In v. 4. the metre twice rejects "O, and also the last
word. ' Shame of thy youth, the bondage of Egypt: wi
dowhood, the captivity of Babylon.' Secker. Si sic
omnia !-
' 5. " Surely thy-busband-is thy-maker :
" Jekovah God-of kosts is-his-name :
" Even-thy-vindicator-is the-holy-one-of Israel :
" The-God-of the-whole earth shall-he-be-called.
6. " Surely, as-a-woman forsaken,
" Even-deeply afflicted hath-called-thee Jehovah:
" Even-a-wife early-betrothed, after-that she-had-
" been-rejected.
7. " For-a-very small-time had-I-forsaken-tkee :
" -But-with-great compassions will-I-assemble-thee.
8. " In-a-short anger had-I-hidden my-face :
" But-witb-the-affection-of ancient-time have-I-had-
" compassion-on-thee :
" Saith thy-vindicator Jehovah.
9. " As-the-waters-of Noah this is-to-me :
" As I-sware, that-should-not-pass the-waters (D for TO.)
" Any-more over the-earth ;
" So have-I-sworn, that-I-will-not-be-angry
" With-thee, even-that-I-will-not-rebuke thee.
10. " Surely tbe-mountains skall-be-removed :

158 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
•" Even the-hills shall-be-overthrown :
" But-my-affection from-thee shaH-not be-removed :
" Even-the-covenant-of my-peace shall-not be-over -
" thrown:
" Saith he-who-hath-compassion-on-thee Jehovab.
11. Thou-afflicted, beaten- with-the-stofm, destitute-of
" consolation !
" Amrnot I he-that- will-lay
" In-cement-of-vermilion thyrstones, even-thy-founda-
" tions in-sapphires ?
12. " Even-I- will-make rubies tky -battlements :
" Even-thy -gates of-stones-of carbuncle :
" Even-the-whole-of thy-limit of-stones-of debght.
13. " Even-all thy-sons shall-be-taught-of Jehovah :
" Even-abundantrsball-be the-prosperity-of thy-sons.
14. " In-acquittal thou-shalt-be-established : tbou-shaltr
" not fear :
" Be-thou-far from-oppression; even-fxomrterror :
f( Surely it-shall-not approach unto-tbee.
A small transposition, and the rejection of the
former 'O seem requisite in the preceding verse.
15. " Shall-not the-stranger sojourn witk-tkee?
" Even-on-my -account be-sball-sojourn witb-thee :
?' Also unto-tbee he-shall-join-himseb0."
The original seems very corrupt. Various small
alterations of letters seem requisite, with the omission
of D, in the second metre, and the insertion of D3 to
commence the third.
1,6. " Havernot I created the-smith,
(f Who-bloweth-up into-a-fire tke-coalst

OF ISAIAH. 159
" Even-who-producetk instruments according-to-his-
" work .'
" So-have-I created the-destroyer to-lay -waste."
God, who permitteth invasion and desolation, an
nounced restoration.
17. " Whatever weapon any-one-formeth against-thee,
" It-shall-not prosper: even- whatever tongue
" Sball-rise-up with-thee according-to-written-law, it-
" thou-shalt-condemn :
" This-is the-heritage-of the-servants-of Jehovah :
" Even-tbeir-acquittal is-my-gift: saith Jehovah."
The word acquittal comprehends deliverance both
personal and moral : righteousness seems to imply
only moral acquittal, and deliverance, only personal.
Acquittal is therefore generally preferred to righteous
ness, or to deliverance, as the translation of one and
the same word. See interpretation of xxxii. 16, 17.,
Ii. 5., and lviii. 2.
Ch. LV. Restoration is free as water to every
one who will accept it; on account of the promise
made to Abraham : but, in value it is compared with
wine, milk, and the richest delicacies. The exhorta
tion is to the captive returning home. See also ch. Ii.
1—3. 1 . " Ho ! every-one wko-thirsteth,
" Come-ye to-tke- waters ! even-every-one-wko
" Hatk no silver,
" Come-ye, buy -ye, even-eat-ye :
" Even-come-ye, buy-ye ; not-for silver:
" Even-not-for price wine, even-milk.

160 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
2. " Wherefore-weigb-ye silver (for idols)
" Not-for bread? even-your-substance
" Not-for *that-which-is to-satisfy? Attend-ye:
" Even-hearken-ye unto-me : even-eat-ye good-things :
" Even-upon-the-richest-delicacies feast-ye yourselves.
3. " lncline-ye your-ear : even-come-ye unto-me :
" Attend-ye : even-that-ye may-live :"
Restoration on account of the covenant with David.
" Even-that-I-may-make with-you Ihe-covenant-of
" ancient-tunes ;
" Of-the-paternal-affections which-fo-David fail-not."
David, often means David's family. See Abp. New-
come on Hos. iii. 5.
4. " Have-I-not a-witness to-the-peoples given-him ?
" A-leader, even-a-lawgiver to-the-nations ?
(Next, T for p.)
5. " For-nations, wbicb-thou-shalt-not know, thou-shalt-
" call:
" Even-nations, which-have-not known-thee, unto-
" thee
" Shall-run : for-tbe-sake-of Jekovah thy-God :
" Even-for-the-holy-one-of Israel ; because be-hatb-
" adorned-thee.
6. (Seev. 1.) " Seek-ye Jehovah, while-he-may-be-found :
" Call-ye-upon-him, wbile-he-is near.
7. " Let-forsake the-guilty his-way :
" Even-the-man-of idolatry his-thoughts :
" Even-let-him-retum unto Jehovah, tbat-he-may-
" have-compassion-on-him :
" Even-unto our-God, (1 for "O) that-he-may-be-
" abundant in-forgiving-him.

•wn.

OF ISAIAH. 161
8. " Surely afe-riof rriy-tkougkts ydur-fhoiigbts :
" Neither-are your-ways my-WayS. (See interp. of x. 26.)
9. " Surely, as-are-lified-up the-heavens in-comparison-
" of-the-earth ;
" So are-lifted-up my-Ways in-comparison-of-your-
" ways :
" Even my-tboughts in-comparison-of-your-thoughts. "
Bp. L.'s 3 particle of comparison right: but not,
it is apprehended, his and Abp. Seeker's conjecture in
ps. ciii. 1 1 . where the sense rather requires the latter
line as it is. In the former, 'O should yield to the
connective 1, and each noun should have the n em
phatic :but, in the latter, the signification of the pre
position being different, a different verb seems requi
site. 10. " Surely, as descende'tb the-rain,
" Even-the-snow, from the-heavens ;
" Even-thither not returnetb :
" But wateretli
" The eartk ; even-maketk-it-generate ;
" Even-maketh-it-germinate : so-that-it-giveth seed
" To-tke-sower, even-bread f o-the-eater ;
11. " So shall-be the-promise,
" Which goeth-fortk from-my-moutk :
" It-sball-not return unto-me fruitless;
" But it-shall-efFect
" That which I-have- willed :
" Even-shall-it-make-to-prosper tbat-for-wkich I-
" haye-sent-it.
12. " Surely witk-joy ye-skall-go-forth : (from captivity.)
" Eveu-with-peace ye-sball-be-led-onward : tbe-moun-
" tains, Y

162 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Even-the-hills shall-burst-forth before-you into-
" song :
" Even-all the-trees-of the-field
" Skall-clap tkeir-kands. 13. Instead-of the-thorny-
" bush
" Shall-grow-up the-fir-tree : even-instead-of the-
" bramble
" Shall-grow-up the-myrtle : even-each-shall-be
"Jehovah's; for-a-remembrance, for-a-token,
" Wkick-for-a-long-time shall-not be-cut-away."
See Ivi. 3. Instead of the idolatrous and unprofit
able before captivity, the restored is an improving
and useful servant of Jehovah.
Ch. LVL To the Jews and Babylonians in Baby
lon, 1 — 7. Captivity, 8. To the Babylonian in
vaders, 9 — 12.
1. "Thus saith Jehovah:
" Preserve-ye written-law: even-practise-ye *purity:
"Surely near-is my-restoration, ready-to-comc :
" Even mine-acquittal will-soon-be-revealed.
2. " Blessed-is the-mortal who-practiseth this :
" Evcn-the-son-of man who-firmly-holdeth it :
" Who-observeth the-sabbath, avoiding-its-profana-
" tion :
" Even-keepeth kis-kand from-tke-practice-of evil."
The metre rejects bz> in the preceding v., and las'?
and nirP in the following.
3. " Even-let-not say the-son-of the-stranger, (the Babylonian,)
" Who-adhereth unto Jebovak :
* Purity from idolatry.

OF ISAIAH. 163
" He-will-altogether separate-me from-belonging-to
" his-people:
" Even-let-not say the-courtier (of Babylon) :
" Am-not I a-tree without-leaves ? See lv. 13.
4. " Surely saith Jehovah to-the-courtiers,
" Wko skall-observe my-sabbaths :
" Even-who-shall-cboose that- in- which I-have-de-
" lighted:
" Even-who-shall-firmly-attack-tkemselves to-me-in-
" covenant : 5. I-will-tkerefore-give to-them
" ln-my -house, even-within-my-walls, a-place, even-
" a-remembrance,
" Better than-to-be-sons or-daughters :"
Better than to be native Jews and idolatrous.
" A-remembrance for-a-long-time I-will-give to-tbem :
" Even-that-whicb shall-not be-cut-away."
In the public translation of the three preceding
verses the word eunuch greatly misleads the general
reader. 6. " Even-the-sons-of the-stranger who-adhere
" Unto Jehovah, to-minister-unto-kim ;
" Even-to-love tke name-of Jehovah ;
" To-be to-him for-servants :
" E very-one who-observeth the-sabbath, avoiding-its-
" profanation ;
" Even who-shall-firmly-attach-themselves to-me-in-
ll- covenant :
7. " Even-them-will-I-bring unto the-mountain-of my-
" holiness:
il Even-will-I-cause-tkem-torrejoice in-tke-kouse-of
" my-supplication :
" Their-burnt-offerings, even-their-sacrifices shall-be

164 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Accepted upon mine-altar.
" Surely my-house a-house-ef prayer
" Shall-be-called by-all thc-peopjes.
8. " Thus saith Jehovah,
" Who-assemhled tke-inyaders-of Israel :
(i. e. the Assyrians under Shalmeneser. )
" I-will-beside assemble *against-him, in-addition-
"t^ctbose-wkich-kave-been-assembled-against-
¦"kim.w
9. " All-ye beasts-of tke-fie}d, come-ye!
" Ye- will-soon-devour., all-ye beasts in-the-forest !
10. " The-watehmen ajre-bjjind, albof-tbem :
" They-have-been ignorant, all-of-them :
" As-dogs thai-are-dumb, they-have-not been-able :
" Dreamers, sluggards, loving to-slumber."
The sense requires a instead of } of the Keri, also
the particle of similitude to begin the third line, at
the end of which the metre rejects a useless word.
The watchmen seem the priests of Judah.
11. " Even-as-dogs, who*are*varaeiaus in-appeiite,
" Have-Biot known fullness ;
" So-the-teachers have-not known :
" In-instructing all-of-tbem to-their-own-way have-
'f turned :
" Each to-his-own-lucre, +so-tbat-no-one could-stop-
. " him.
12. " Come-ye, let-me-receive wine : (Next DH for 1.)
* Against Israel, or rather the adopters of Israel's idolatry :
therefore against Judah, Nebuchadnezzar and his forces were to be
assembled.
t mo.

OF ISAIAH. 165
" That-ye-may-be-filled witk-abundant-drink j even-
" tkat-may-be,
" As-this day the-morrow,
" Plenteous, overflowing exceedingly."
Ch. LVII. The two first verses seem a prophecy of
the premature death of the good king Josiah, who in
the first word is styled the acquitted from the sin of
idolatry, against which his zeal was conspicuous. In
w. 3 — 11. the idolatries of Judah are repeated, as the
cause of captivity. In w. 12 — 14. restoration to
the penitent is announced. From v. 15. to the end
of ch. lviii. Jehovah speaks to the prophet. A trans
position of id in v. 1. and D to begin v. 2. are requisite.
1. " Therpure- worshipper will-perisk : wken-wkere-

<<

w

ill-be

" Any-man wko-will-revolve in his-mind ?
" For-men who-experience-God's-paternal-afTectioa
" are-taken-away ;
" Whilst-no-one understand etb, during tbe-calamity,
"That tbe-pure-worshipper is-taken-away ;
2. " That he-is-departed in-peace ; (2 K. xxii. 20.)
" Kven-is-at-rest upon kis-bed ; (r. 1 for ^ and d. "I.)
" Even-the-perfect-man who-walked iu-his-upright-
" ness.
3. " But-ye, ye-sons-of the-delicate !
" Ye-seed-of the-adulterer, even-of-the-karlot !"
The second and third words, the last n excepted,
seem an interpolation. The change of the latter 3
into D makes ' the sorceress,' the delicate, i. e. Judah,
the harlot at the end of the verse, as Israel is the adul
terer : figuratively, idolaters. The seed of the aduk

166 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
terer means, the adopters of Israel's idolatry or spi
ritual adultery. See Hosea, i. 2.f iv. 12., but, not
Bp. Horsley's erroneous interpretations of that pro
phet. 4. " Upon whom delight-ye-yourselves ?
" Upon whom widen-ye the-mouth ?
" Even lengthen-ye the-tongue ?
" Are-not ye the-offspring^of apostasy ?
5. " A-seed-of falsehood, who-are-iinflamed with-idols
" Under every green tree;
" Ye-sons-of thoserwho-sacrifice in-the-valleys,
" Under tke-clefts-of the-rocks ?"
. 4. ' Upon whom?' upon the idolatry of Samaria;
the calf of Bethaven? or, upon the idolatry of Ba
bylon; Bel and Nebo ? The idolatry of the sons of
Judah is in this verse described in like luxurious lan
guage to that of the beginning of v. 10., which re
presents the idolatry of the harlot-mother.
In v. 5. a transposition is believed to have taken
place, Bp. L. having not asserted, that human sacri
fices were ever known in Israel or Judah, as Bp.
Horsley on Hosea hath erroneously maintained.
Hosea, xiii. 2. may be interpreted thus :
' And-now they-bave-repeated idolatry :
' Even-have-they-made to-themselves molten-images
' of-their-silver :
' In-the-likeness-of-themselves idols, tbe-work-of artists.
' The-conclusion with-them-is, that-they say :
* The-sacrifices-are to-men : let-tbe-calves run.'
So Numb. xxv. 2. the sacrifices of their gods, i.e. to
their gods, Begone, calves; stop no longer at Bethaveu

OF ISAIAH. 167
or Dan for sacrifices : for we have Bel and Nebo,
human figures.
6. Change to the 2d p. sing, from the 2d pi., as is
peculiarly frequent in Hosea. Judah is herself ad
dressed. See v. 3.
" Among-the-smOoth-stones-of the-valley is-thy-por-
" tion :
" These, these-are thy-lot :
" Indeed to-these hast-thou-poured-out
" Thy-libatidn; hast-tkou-made-to-ascendthe-ofTering.
" Shall-I-not for these-things be-wroth .'"
In the last word r. 1 for 3, and let the negative pre
cede it.
7. " Upon a-mountain high even-eminent (Bethaven.)
" " Thou-hast-placed thy-bed : indeed thither
" Thou-hast-ascended to-offer sacrifice.
8. " Even-behind the-door, even-the-door-posts,
" Thou-hast-placed thy-memorial : (1) even-from-me
" kast-thou-departed :
" Even-hast-thou-made-to-ascend, even-kast-tkou-en-
" larged thy-bed :
" Even-hast-thou-made-a-covenant between-thyself
" and-them :
" Thou-hast-loved their-bed : its-space thou-kast-
" viewed."
8. Bethol, or Bethaven, situate in Ephraim, near
the border of Benjamin ; in the lot of which latter
tribe was Jerusalem. Thus the public place of
Israelitish idolatry was, comparatively speaking, as
convenient of access to the idolater of Judah, as if it
had been behind the door, or door-posts, of the tem-

168 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
pie of Jerusalem. End of metre 4, them, the spiritual
adulterers, Israel, v. 3.
9. Of the first word r. t\ last radical. The harlot
Judah perfumed herself, and multiplied her precious
ointments, for the service" of the king of Babylon :
that is, made herself acceptable to him by adopting
the idols of his country.
" Even-kast-thou-ministered to-tke-king in-perfume:
" Even-kast-tkou-multiplied thy-precious-ointments :
" even-hast-thou-sent
" Thine-agents unto a-distant-country :
(unto Babylon for the models of Bel and Nebo; xlvi. 1.)
" Even-hast-thou-debased-thyself as-low-as Sheol.
10. " In-tbe-variety-of thy-ways tbou-hast-wearied-tby-
" self:
" But-tkou-bast-not said ; There-is-an-end.
" Tke-support-of-life by-tby -labour tbou-hast-found:
" Therefore thdu-hast-not been-grieved."
* Thy ways,' thine idolatries. ' There is an end.' I
will no more rally my strength. LXX. ' The sup
port of life.' Judah, in the time of the good king Jo
siah, considered herself so much dependent on Baby-
Ion, that he undertook an opposition to its enemy
the king of Egypt, and fell in battle. In these two
vv. Judah appears represented as a royal harlot or
adulteress to Babylon and to Israel ; as reduced to the
brink of the grave by variety and fatigue, but as yet
rallying and persevering; as deriving her support
from her lovers, and therefore suffering no uneasiness.
II. " But-of whom kast-thou-been-solicitous ?

OF ISAIAH. 169
" Even-of-wkom hast-tbou-been-afraid ? Surely tbou-
" wast-false;
" When-me thou-didst-not remember,
" Neither didst-revolve in thy-mind.
(Next byn and transpose.)
" For these-things can-I be-silent:
" Even-can-I-wink, so-that-methou-shouldst-not fear?"

Judah feared Babylon, having lost her confidence in
God. 12. " Let-me announce tbine-acquittal :
" Even-as-I-have-publisbed tby-transactions, wbicb-
" have-not profited-thee.
13. " When-thou-criest, can-deliver-thee *tby-troops-of-
" associates ?
" Even-them all shall-a-blast bear-away;
" Even-take-off skall-tke-current-of water :
" But-he-who-trustetb in-me sball-inberit the-land :
" Even-shall-be-possess the-mounlain-of my-boliness."
God's judgements, says Dr. B. on Jer. xxii. 22.,
are compared with a burning blast. They may equal
ly be compared with a current of water or tempest,
bearing all before it. Both these comparisons may
refer to what had previously happened; the destruc
tion of the Assyrians under Sennacherib by a burning
blast or thunder-storm ; and the antecedent captivity
of the Israelites by Shalmeneser and his forces, that
swept "like the current of the Euphrates. See
ch. viii. 7 ., for this comparison with Sennacherib and
his army. * See Horsley on Hosea, p. 99.
z

170 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
14. " Then-shall-it-be-said ; Cast-ye-np, cast-ye-up :
" Tvlake-ye-spacious a.-road : remove-ye
" Every-obstruction out-of-the-road-of the-people-of
" Jehovah.
15. " Surely thus saith (next, OVlfi.)
" He-who-an-high, even-an-exalted-place inbabitetb
" For-evermore ; even-holy-is his-name :
" An-high, even-an-holy-place I-inhabit :
" Also-with kim-wko-is-contrite, even-humble-of
" spirit:
" To-revive the-spirit-of the-humble ;
" Even-to-revive the-heart-of the-contrite."
' For evermore.' The word iyb, see Mr. D., is a
compound of two prepositions, each of which signi
fies for or unto: and in the Hebrew phrase fully writ
ten, which is usually translated, 'for ever and for
' ever,' they each distinctly appear in the government
of the same participle, repeated after the last of them,
and denoting something that lies hidden; which has
generally been understood to be, long time. The
finite term of fifty years, and also eternity, have seve
rally been considered as the meaning of the word.
Not improbably the participle not repeated may de
note along-, but finite time, as xiv. 17. and li. 6. 8.:
but repeated, and especially with its prepositions di
stinctly prefixed; or repeatedly implied only in its
united prepositions, as in this place, it may import
eternity past and to conic. The latter only, together
with a long time past, it appears to denote, Ixiv. S.
Finite time onward seems to be its signification,
Amos i. 1 1 . And thus the context may settle the vari
ous meanings of this, and of many other Hebrew

OF ISAIAH. 171
words. Repeatedly implied in the repetition of only
its latter preposition with the Vau connective, , it may
signify only to, and not from, eternity ; as xxvi. 4.,
and Ps. cxxxii. 13. 15. (Heb. 12. 14.) See interp.
on xiv. 17.
The concise locution, of Ihe preposition "7 cllipti-
cally comprehending the word, which its context
teaches it must govern and imply, is eminently ex
emplified in Ps. cxxxvi. 19,20. ' 7b-Sihon king-of
the-Amorites :— To-Og king-of Basan:' i. e. To-him-
who-smote-Sihon, &c. v. 17. From this place thp
preposition appears to have been ignorantly intro
duced by a transcriber thrice into v. 11. of the pre
ceding psalm.
The two last metres of the verse being a pair of
synthetico-synonymous parallels, a guide to the mean
ing of the nouns, which are the middle term of each,
is afforded. In the last metres also of the following
v , the original words for spirit and for breath of hu
man life seem equally synonymous. See also Ixv. 14.
and lxvi. 2.
16. "Surely not for-a-long-time will-I-contend :
" Even- not for-ever will-1-be-wroth :
" Surely the-spirit from-before-me would-be-over-
" whelmed :
" Even-the-human-lives which-I have-made.
17. " On-account-of-idolatry, for-a-short-time, even-have-
" I-been-wroth, even-bave-I-smitten-him :
" Even-have-I-hidden my-face from-him, so-that-
" he-was-grieved :
" Even-that-he-departed lamenting on«account-of-
" his- ways."

172 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
This v. is in the prophetic praeter; and, as Mr*
Dodson, in his last note on it, has observed, 'we
' cannot but be thankful for the assistance, which the
' LXX. so often afford:' but it may be added ; that
he who at all times implicitly follows them, will as
often be misled. The contrite captive is denoted.
18. " His-ways I-have-made-him-to-see ; even-that-I-
" might-keal-kim ; even-that-I-migbt-guide-
"him:
" Even-that-I-might-restore consolations tb-bim, even-
" to-bis-mourners."
To all contrite, mourning captives. See v. 17. end.
19. " Wheh-I am-to-cut-off, I-delay;
" That-I-may-not-render recompense to-him-who-is-
" far-from-me :
" But-to-bLm-who-is-brought-near I-Jehovah say,
" that-I-will-heal-him."
Repeat the last letter of the first word, prefer the
Keri, and V instead of D ; and an altered distribu
tion of the letters in the first metre will afford the
above interpretation, which is submitted as more cor
respondent to the context, than the usual reading and
interpretation. Bp. Horsley, who, upon Hosea xiv. 2.
is prolix also upon this verse, might have superseded
his 'bullocks, our own lips,' and thus rendered Hosea:
' Return-thou, Israel, unto Jehovah
' Thy-God : surely tbou-hast-falien by-thine-idolatry.
' Take-ye with-you words :
' Evcn-return-ye unto Jehovah :
* Say-ye unto-him, all ;
' Purdon-tbou idolatry : let-us-receive good :

OF ISAIAH. I73
« Sp-shall-We-be-completely Epbrajm, our-language-
? name.'
We shall be rendered that very; fruitful race of
Ephraim, which the name in our language imports.
Scarcely is the conjectural emendation of a letter ner
cessary for the reading.
20. " But-the-guilty are-as-the-sea disturbed :
" Surely rest it-can not :
" Even-work-up its-waters filth and-mire.
21. " No prosperity affordeth-Jehovah to-the-guilty."
- The guilty, the impenitent idolaters ; in an oppo
site meaning to the acquitted. Both forensic terms.
In 21. read uniformly with xlviii. 22, which see : and
translate the last word in both Verses, ' to-the-guilty/
Ch. LVIII. l.
" Proclaim-thou aloud : spare-thou not :
" As-a-trumpet cause-thou-to-be-lifted-up tby-voice :
" Even-declare-thou to-my-people their-revolt :
" Even-to-the-descendants-of Jacob tkeir-idolatry:
2. " For,-me day after-day seek-tkey ?
" Even-to-know my- ways delight-they ?
" As-a-nation which pracfiseth integrity :
" Even-the- written-law -of its- God hatb-nbt forsaken:
" Inquire-they-of-me concerning- the-written-Iaws-of
" acquittal?
" To-approach to-God delight-they ?
'Integrity,' the same word as in lvi. 1. purity, i. e.
from idolatry : in the public translation and Bp. L.
righteousness. Often acquittal, f. c. from the guilt and
punishment of idolatry : also frequently, deliverance.

174 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
So Ps. cxix. 7. 62. 106. 'the written laws of thy de-
' liverance :' i. e. the written laws of thy religion, to
which thou hast restored me ( Hezekiah ) from sick
ness. Public translation : 'thy righteous judgments.'
See interpr. of xxxii. 16, 17., Ii. 5., and liv. 17.
3. " " Wherefore have-we-fasted, neither hast-thou-seen :
" " Have-we-afflicted ourselves, neither hast-thou-rc-
" garded-us ?"
Affix ]n, i. e. ourselves, or us.
" In-the-day-of your-fasting ye-enjoy pleasure :
" Even-unto (fr$) your-idolsye-approach.
4. " Do-ye-not for-controversy, even-fbr-contention fast ?"
That is, that ye may boast of it, as in v. 3. Next
reject rib, and insert r\ from the end. After r. X 2.
for y 3. " Even-do-ye-not-smite witb-the-fist the-head ?
(Next HO
" Do-ye-not fast, as-ye-do-this-day,
" To-make-to-be-heard on-high your- voice?
5, " Is-sucb then the-fast which-I -choose ? (Nest 2V)
" Even-a-fast, that-a-man should-afflict himself?
" Is-it,-that-he-should-bow-down as-a-bulrusb, bis-
" head ?
" Even-sackcloth, even-askes tkat-ke-sbould-spreaoV
" under-bim ?
" Shall-tkis be-called a-fast ;
" Even-a-day acceptable to- Jehovak ?
6. " Is-not this the-fast whicb-I-choose ?
" To-dissolve the-bands-of wickedness :
" To-loosen the-burthens-of oppression :
" Evsn-to-set at-liberty the-crushed-by-yiolence :

OF ISAIAH. 175
" Even-that-every yoke ye-should-break-asunder.
7. " Is-it-not to-distribute to-the-hungry *thy-bread?
" Even-that-the-afHicted, who-are-dejected, thou-
" bring into-house ?
" When tkou-seest tke-naked, tkat-thou-clotke-him:
" Even-that-from-thine-own;flesk thou-hide-thyself
" not.
8. " Then shall-break -forth as-the-morning thy-ligbt :
" Everi-thy-soundness shall-speedily be-restored :
" Even-shall-march before-thee thine-acquitter :
(Next T)
" Even-shall-the-glory-of Jehovah bring-up-thy-
" rear :
9. " Then shalt-thou-call, when-Jehovah sball-answer:
" Thou-sbalt-cry, when-he-shall-say, Here-am-1 :
" If thou-remove from-the-midst-of-thee prostration;
" Exertion-of the-finger ; even-supplication to-idols."
Three forms of idolatrous worship : prostration of
¦ r
person ; extension of fingers or hand, preparatory to
speech ; and last of all, address or supplication.
.10. " Even-if-tbou-bring-forth to-the-hungry +the-sup-
" port-of-thy-life :
" So-tkat-the-desire-of him-who-is-afflicted tbou-sa-
" tisfy :
" Then-shall-rise in-obscurity thy-ligbt :
" Even-sball-be thy-darkness as-tke-noon-day :
1J. " Even-skall-guide-thee Jehovah continually:
" Even-sball-satisfy in-the-severest-drbught thy-de-
"sire:"
Next, ~]aa yaxai, and affix -J to the verb.
* Change to the 2d p. s. f Same sense, rvn, Ivii. 10.

176 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
"Evefr-from-him-that-is-too -strong for- thee : shall-
" deliver-tkee :
<¦' So-tkat-thourshalt-be as-a-garden. well-watered ;
" Even as-a-springVof waters,
" Whose streams will-not deceive."
Next, "\b 13231.
12. " ^hen-hhall-berbuilt to-thee ruins-of old ¦: . 0
" The-foundations?pf . many generations thou-sbalt-
" firmly-set-up:
" Even-sball-one-call thee ; ' The-builder-up-of the-
" ' broken- through :
" c The-restorer-of paths to-be-frequented-by-inhabi-
" '.tants.'
13. " If thou-refrain *from-doing
"Thy-pleasure on-the-day -of mine-holiness :
" Even-if-thou-call the-sabbatb, a-delight :
" Even-the-day-consecrated-by Jehovah, a-serious-
"day:
< j. Even-if-thou-respect-it by-omitting-to-pursue
" thine-usual-courses ;
^ By-declining thy-pleasure ; even-by-avoiding-con-
„ " versation on-the-subject :
14. " Then-shalt-thou-delight-thyself tupon-me 0), Je-
" kovah: . 
" Even-will-I-make-thee-to-J tread upon tke-high-
" places-of thp-eaith :
" Even-will-I-feed-thee on-the-mheiitance-of Jacob,
"thy -father:
. ,.}' Surely the-moutbrof Jehovah bath-sppken."
Ch. LIX. The prophet speaks. The LXX begin
this ch. interrogatively : Is not powerful the hand,
* See Bp. L.'s note. f Not upon idolatry or idols, lvii. 4v
X Amos iv. 13. Micah i. 3.

OF ISAIAH. 177
&c? The particle usually translated, Behold! it
hath been before observed, seems to have an interro
gative sense. Its interrogation appears to be negative,
implying assertion. On the contrary, the affirmative
interrogation n implies denial, With the latter inter
rogation prefixed to the niphal verb, and without the
negative particle, which the metre rejects, ver. I . apr
pears to begin.
" Isrcontracted the?kandrQf Jehovah, sorthat-hercan-
" not-restore?
" Even-to-kim (1) is-grown-dull kis-ear, so-tkat-ke-
" cannot-hear ?
2, " But your-idolatries have-been
" The-separaters between-you, and your-God :
" Even-your-sins haverkidden kis-fa.ce from-you. (Metre full.)
3. " Surely your-kands arerpolluted ;
" Even your-fingers witk-idolatry :
" Your-lips have-addressed the-idol :
" Your-tongue is-wickedly employed."
The word apparently interpolated in the fourth
place, in this verse, is rejected for want of its parallel.
4. " No-one invoketk the-acquitter :
" Even-no-one *receiveth-written-law in-belief :
" They-have-trusted in- vanity : tkey-kave-addressed
"idols:
" They-have-conceived distress: they-haye-broughtr
" forth idolatry.
* No one believeth the promise of God, that he will restore
from captivity to the free use of the Mosaical law and Jewish rgr
%'on, 2 A

178 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
5. " The-eggs-of the-basilisk they-hatch:
" Even-the-webs-of the-spider tbey-weave :
" He-wbo-eatetb of-tkeii-esrors dieth :
" Even,-when-an-egg-is-crushed, breaketk-fortk a-
" viper.
6. " Their-webs shall-not be to-produce-a-garment :
" Even-shall-they-not cover-themselves with-their-
" works :
" Their-works-are works-of idolatry ;
" Even-the-deed-of violence is-in-their-bands.
7. " Tbeir-feet to-evil run-swiftly ;
" Even-basten-they to-shed the-blood-of tbe-inno-
"cent:"
Of the prophets, as Jeremiah, and Zechariah.
" Their-devices-are devices-of idolatry ;
" Destruction, even-calamity, are-in-their-paths :
8. " The-course-of prosperity they-bave-not known:
" Even-where-is written-law in-their-tracks ?
" Their-pathsthey-have-made-crooked to-themselves;
" Whoever goeth in -them
" Knoweth not prosperity.
9. " Therefore far-distant-is written-law from-us :
" Even-will-not reach-us acquittal:
" We-look for-light; when-is-tbere-not darkness?
" Instead-of-meridian-splendour, in-the-deepest-ob-
" scurity we-walk.
10. " We-grope, as-the-blind, for-the-wall :
" Even-as-they-who-have-not eyes, we-approach-it,:
" We-stumble at-mid-day, as-in-tbe-dusk ;
" In-plentiful-places, as-among-dead-men."
In the latter line the metre requires the implied re
petition of the preceding verb.

OF ISAIAH. 179
II. " We-groan, as-bears, all-of-us:
" Even-as-doves a-moan we-continue :
" We-look for-written-law ; but-where-is-it ?
" For-the-restoration, which-is-far-distant from-us.
12. " Surely have-been-many our-revolts before-thee:
" Even-our-sins have-severally accused-us : (next,!)
" For-our-revolts are-present-to-us : even-our-idola-
" tries we-acknowledge.
13. " Revolt, even-falsehood against-Jehovah :
" Even-have-v/e-tumed from-following our-God :
" We-have-spoken (12) injury, even-revolt we-bave-
" conceived: (1)
" Even-have-we-meditated (1) from-the-heart words-
" of idolatry.
14. " Therefore-is-turned-away backwards written-law :
" Even-acquittal at-a-great-distaflce standeth :
" Surely stumbleth in-the-wide-street truth :
" Even-rectitude is-not-able to-enter :
15. " Even-is truth taken-clean-away :
" Sd-that-he-who-skunneth evil is-continually-plun-
" dered.
" Then-saw Jekovak ; even-was-it-displeasing in-his-
" eyes ;
" Wken was-no written-law.
16. " Even-he-saw, when was-no man :
" Even-he-wondercd, when was-no-one who-inter-
" posed :
" *Then-effected-restoration to-us (2) his-arm :
" Even-in-our-acquittal (2) it supported-him.
17. " Even-he-clothed-us (12) with-acquittal as-witb-a-
" breast-plate :
" Even-a-helmet was-restoration upon-our-heads (2):
" Even-he-clothed-us (12) with-the-garments-of ven-

" geance :

* Ch. lxiii. 1.

180 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Even-he-covered-us (12) with-zeal, as-with*a-mantle.
18. " Thc-dispenser-of recompenses (d.) will-requite
" Wrath to-his-adversaries, a-recompense : (d.)
" To-the-distant-pr6vinces a-recompense he-will-re-
" quite.
19j " Then-will-revere they-from-tbe-west his name (1):
" Everiifrom-the-rising-of the-sun his glory s
" When he-shall-come as-a-river straitened:
" Which-a-strong wind driveth along.
20. " Then-=will-come to*Sion the-* vindicator :
" Even-to-thdse-who4urn-from revolt in-Jacob :
21. " Tken-as-for-me, tkis-is my-covenant with-them :
" My-spirit, which -is upon-thee; .
" Even-my- words, which I-have-put into-thy-mouth;
" Shall-not depart from-thee; (d. "'D.)
" Nor^from*thy-seed ; nor-from-the-seed-of thy-seed ;
" From-thisjtime-forthj even-for a-long-time-to-
" come;"
Ch. LX. Sion, mentioned lix. 20. is addressed by
the prophet. Return from captivity, the subject.
1. " Arise-thou, be-thou-enligbtened; for-is-come (pr.y).
" thy-light :
" Even-tke-glory-of Jekovak upon-thee is-risen.
2. " Surely the-darkness shall-cover the-earth: (m. full.)
" Even a-thick-vapour the-nations :
" But-upon-thee sball-rise Jehovah:
" Even-his-glory upon-thee shall-be-seen.
3. " Evenjshall-walk nations to-thy-light :
" Even-kings to-the-splendourfof the-rising-that-is*
" upon-thee.
A. " Lift-thou-up round-about thine-eyes; even<-see-tbou:
* See k. 16.

OF ISAIAH. 181
" All-of-them are-gafhered-together : they-are-come
" to-thee :
" Thy-sons from-afar come :
" Even-thy-daughters upon the-side are-firmly-fixed.
5. " Then shall-they-fear in-spirit :
" Even-shall-be-ruffled, even-shall-be-*dilated thy*
" keart:
" Wken-(l) shall-be-poured-in upon-thee tbe-riches-
" of the-sea :
" When-the-wealth-of the-nations shall-come unto-
" thee.
6. " Droves-of camels shall-cover-thee :
" The-dromedaries-of Midian, even-of-tbe-desert :
" All-of them from-Saba sball-come :
" Gold, even-frankincense shall-they-bear :
" Even-the-praises-of Jehovah sball-they-joyfully-pro-
" claim to-thee.*
7. " The-flocks-of Kedar shall-be-gatkered unto-tkee :
" The-rams-of Nebaioth shall-minister-unto-thee :
" They-skall-ascend witk acceptance upon-mine-allar:
" Even-the-kouse-of my-ornament I-will-decorat&i
8. " Wko-are + these, as-a-cloud, who-lly?
" Even-as-doves unto their-dove-cotes ?
9. "Surely me the-distant-provinces shall-await:
" Even-tbe-skips-of Tarskish, as-at-tke-first :
" To-bring thy-sons from-afar :
" Their-silver, even-their-gold with-them :
" To-the-name-of Jehovah thy-God;
" Even-to-the-holy-one-of Israel ; because he-hath-
" decorated-thee.
10. X " Then-shall-build tbe-sons-of the-stranger thy-
" walls :
* The learned reader is requested to be apprised of a. conjec
tural reading by an asterisk in the line.
t Returning capiives. X x^x* 17*

182 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS

" Even-their-kings shall-miaister-unto-thee : surely
" in-mine-anger
" Have-I-smitten-thee ; but-in-my-favour I-have-af-
" fectionatfely-loved-thee.
11. " Then-shall-be-open thy -gates continually:
" By-day, even-by-night they-shall-not be-shut :
" That-may-be-brought-in unto-thee the-wealth»of
" the-nations :
" Even their-kings in-solemn-procession.
18. " Surely the-nation, even-the-kingdom,
" Which will-not serve-thee, shall-perish s
" Even-tbe-nations shall-be-utterly desolated.
13. " The-glory-of Lebanon unto-thee shall-come :
" The-fir4ree, the-pine, even-the-box together :
" To-decorate the-place-of my-sanctuary :
" Even-the-place-of my-feet will-I-make-glorious.
14. " Then-shall-come unto-thee bending
" The-sons-of thine-oppressors : even-shall-they-bow-
" themselves-down
" To-the-soles-of thy-feet every-one-of thy-despisers.
" Even-shall-they-call thee the-city-of Jehovah ;
" The-Sion-of the-holy-one-of Israel.
15. " Instead-of thy-being forsaken,
" Even-hated, so-that-no-one passeth-througb ;
" Even-will-I-make-thee the-excellency-of ancient-
" time ;
" An-*object-of-joy for-many generations.
16. " Even-thou-shalt-suck tbe-milk-of nations :
" Evea-the-devastated-countries-of kings tbou-sbalt
" suck :
" Even-thou-shalt-know that I Jebovah

* Or, aflFording joy. See viii. 6., xxxii. 14., Ixii. 5.> lxv. 18.>
And lxvi. 10. Bp. L. a subject of joy : but, a subject rejoices.

OF ISAIAH. 183
" Am-thy-restorer, even-thy-* vindicator, the-mighty-
, " one-of Jacob.
17. " Instead-of brass, I-will-bring gold :
" Even-instead-of iron, I-will-bring stiver :
" Even-instead-of wood, brass :
" Even-instead-of stones, iron.
" Even-I-will-appomt prosperity to-visit-thee ;
" Even acquittal to-approach-unto-thee.
18. " Shall-not make*desolation (d.) violence in-thy-land:
" Destruction, even-calamity in-thy-borders:
" But-tbou.shalt-call thy-walls, restoration ;
" Even thy-gates, praise.
19. " Shall-not be to-thee any-more
" The-sun for-a-light by-day :
" Neither-by-night shall-tbe-moon (d.) give-light: (d.)
" For-shall-be Jehovah a-light for-a-long-time ;
" Even thy-God thine-embellishment."
The sun and the moon were no longer to be re
garded as luminaries by day and by night, in compa
rison with the light of Jehovah in the magnificence of
the new temple, and in the restoration of religion.
20. " Shall-not go-down any-more thy-sun :
" Even-thy-moon shall-not wane :"
Figuratively denoting, that the restored light of re
ligion was long to continue to the Jews.
" Surely Jehovah shall-be
" To-thee a-light. for-a-long-time :
* Abp. Newcome, Pref. to M. Prophets, Rule vi. excepts to this
word: but, Redeemer is equally Latin, and rather applies to things;
whilst, Vindicator, which imports, claimer or owner, is applicable
to persons, such as the returning captives signified in this place.

184 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Even-shall-be-completed tke-days-of thy-mourning,
21. " Even-skall-thy-people all-of-them be-acquitted:
" for-a-long-time
" Shall-they-possess the-land : the-scion-of my-plant-
" ing;
" The-work-of my-hands ; from-wkick-I-may-derive-
" ornament-to-myself.
22. " That-which-is-little sball-become a-thousand :
" Even-that- which-is-small a-strong nation :
" I Jehovah in-due-time will-hasten-it."
Ch. LXI. The subject and speaker of the preceding
chapter continued.
1. " Tke-spirit-of Jekovak is-upon-me;
" Forasmuck-as Jekovak kath-auointed mp :
" To-publisb-glad-tidmgs to-the-meek hath-he-sent-
" me :
" To-bind-up the-broken-of keart :
" To-proclaim to-tbe- captives freedom;
" Even-to-the-bounden the-deliverance expected :
rnp)
2. " To-proclaim the-year-of acceptance with- Jehovak;
" Even-tke-day-of vengeance of-our-God :
" To-comfort all who-mourn :
3. " To-impart to-the-mourners-of Sion (d.)
" Ornament instead-of ashes ; *(trs.)
" Gladness instead-of sorrow ;
" Ointment, the-covering-of praise,
" Instead-of the-spirit-of heaviness ;
" Even-that-they may-be-called, Tbe-strong-of the*
" acquitter,
" The-plantation-of Jehovah ; that-he-may-derive-to*
" bimself-ornament :
* Transpose.

OF ISAIAH. 185
4. " For-tkey^skall-build upon-tbe-ruiris-of old-times :
" The-original desolations they-'shall-raise-up :
" Even-shalhthey-restore the-cities ruined;
" The-desolations-of many ages.
5. " Then*shall-stand-up strangers j even4hey*shall-feed
" your-* flocks J
" Even-shall-the-sons-'of the->alien beiyour*busband*
" men, even*your-vine-dressers»
6. " Even-yourselves priests-of Jehovah
" Shalbbe-called : ministers-of our-God^
" Ye shall-be-styled : the-riches-of the-nations
" Ye-shall-eat, : even-in-their-glory ye-shall-* alter-
" your ^-condition.
7. " Instead-Of your-shame, (trs.) even-disgrace^
" A-second-time +. ye-shall-rejoice in*their-portion :
" For in*theb>land a-second-time ye-sball-inherit ;
" Even-the*gladness-of ancient-times shall-be to-you.
8. " Even-1-am Jehovah, who-love written-law ;
0 for 13.)
" Who-hate rapine, even-iniquity :
" Therefore-will-I-pIace tbeir-labour (v. 4.) in-a-
" state-of-certainty :
" Even4he*covenant-of former-times will-I-renew to*
" them.
8. " Then-shall-be-illustrious among-the-nations their*
" seed :
" Even-their -offspring in-the-midst-of the-peoples :
" All, who-see-them, shall-acknowledge-them ;
" That-they-are a-seed which-Jehovab bath-blessed. 0 for vj.)
10. " I-will-greatly rejoice in-Jehovah :
" My-soul shall-exult in-my-God :
" Surely he-hath-clotked-me in-tke-garments-of re-
" storation :
* Mr. Parkhurst. f See Bp. L. on this v.
2 B

186 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Witk-the-mantle-of acquittal he-hath-covered-me :
" As-a-bridegroom dresseth-himself in-ornaments ;
" Even-as-a-bride decorateth -herself witb-her-costly-
" jewels.
11. " Surely as-the-land pusheth-forth its-tender-shoots:
" Even-as-a-garden maketh-to-germiiiate its-seed :
" So will-Jehovah cause-to-spring-forth acquittal ;
" Even-the-song-of-pfaise, in-thc-presence-of all the-
" nations."
Ch. LXII. Subject and speaker continued.
1. " For-the-sake-of Sion I -will-not be-silent:
" Even-for-the-sake-of Jerusalem I-will-not rest :
"Until her-acquittal break-forth as-a-strong-light :
" Even-her-restoration as-a-torch that-blazetb.
2. " Tben-shall-the-nations see thine-acquittal ;
" Even-all kings thy-glory :
" Then-shalt-thou be-called by-a-new name;
" Which the-mouth-of Jehovah shall-fix.
3. " Even-tbou-sbalt-be (d.) an-ornament in-the-hand-
" of Jehovah :
" Even-a-royal diadem bi-the-hand-of thy-God :
4. " lt-shall-not be-said unto-thee, (d.) Thou-forsaken !
" Even-to-thy-land it-shall-not be-said, (d.) Thou-
" desolate!
" Surely thou shalt-be-called, My-delight ! (d.)
" Even tliy-Iand, The-wedded-matron.
" Surely bath-delighted Jehovah in-thee :
" Therefore skall-thy-land be-marrled.
5. "Surely as-weddeth a-young-man a-virgin;
" So shall-take-possession-of-tkee tby-builders :"
Sec lxi. 4. and Dr. Stock.
" Even-as-affordctk-joy a-bridegroom unto a-bride;

OF ISAIAH. 187
" Will-cause-joy, unto-tkee tky-God.
6. " Upon thy-walls, Jerusalem !
" I-have-set watchmen all the-day :
" Even-all the-night (trs.) they-sball-not keep-si-
" lence.
7. " Ye-who-continually proclaim-tke-name of Jekovak !
" Let-not-be silence ainong-yourselves ;
" Neither give-ye silence to-kim ;
" Until he-establish, even-until he-render,
" Jerusalem a-praise in-the-earth.
8. " Hath-sworn Jehovah by-his-right-band, even-by-
" his-arm: (d.)
" Surely-not will-I-give thy corn
" Any-more for-food to-tbine-enemies :
" Even-surely-not shall-drink the-sons-of the-stranger
" Thy-ripe-grape, for-wliich tbou-bast-laboured.
9i "Surely tbey-who-reap-the-harvest shall-eat-it ;
" Even-tbey-shall-praise the Jehovah :
" Even-they-wbo-gatber-tbe-vintage shall-drink-it
" in-the-courts-of my-sanctuary.
10. " Pass-ye, pass-ye through-the-gates :
" Prepare-ye tbe-way-of the-people ! Cast-ye-up ;
" Cast-ye-up tbe-causey! clear-ye-it from-stones:"
This last word appears a gloss, it being omitted
eh. v. 2. ,
" Lift-ye-up-on-high a-standard to the-nations :
11. " Hath-not Jehovah proclaimed
" Unto the-ends-of the-earth ?
" Say -ye to-the-daughter-of Sion :
" Hath-not thy-restorer come?
" Hath-not his-reward been-with-him?
" Even-hath-not his-work been-made-ready-for-bim?
12. " Even-they shall-be-called a-people

188 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Whicb-is-holy ; the-* vindicated-of Jehovak!
" Even^tkou skalt-be-called, Of-great*resort ;
" A-city not neglected."
Ch. LXIII. Subject and speaker continued : but,
Jehovah, in the two last metres of v. 1 . replies to the
preceding interrogatory of the prophet; and in
vv. 3-^-6. tp the interrogatory in v, 2, Mr. Dod=
son right. With the former part of verse 1, compare
ch. xxxiv, 6,, and Amos i. 12, and with the latter
part, and with v. 5. compare ch. lix, 16.
1, " Wko-is this coming from-Edom?
" With-dyed garments from-Bosrah ?
" This wbo-^is-magnificent in*his-apparel ;
" Conquering by-the-greatness^of his-strengtk ?
" I,-Wko-am the-announcer-of acquittal ;
" Even-wko?am solicitous to-procure-restoration.
g. " Wherefore red-is tbine-apparel ? (Lam. i. 15. end.)
" Even»tby-garments as-ofrQne-tbat-treadeth the- wine*
" vat ?
3. " The-vat I-have-trodden alone :
" Eyen-from-among-the-peoples where- was a-man
" with-mc ?
" Even-trode-J-them in-mine-anger: even-trampled-I-
" them in-mine-indignation :
" Even rwas-sprinkled their-blood upon my -garments :
" Even-all mine-apparel kave-I->stained.
4- " Surely the-day-of vengeance wasTiu-mine-beart :
" Even-tbe-year-of my-t vindicated was?come.
5. " Then-looked-I ; even- where- was a-helper?
" Even-found-I-myself-alone ; forrwhere-was a-sup-
" porter ?
* See lx. 16. f See lx, 16„ and Ixii. 12,

OF ISAIAH. 189
" Then-procured-restoration to-myself mine-arm :
" Even-mine-indignation itself sustained-me.
6, " Then-trode-I the-peoples in-mine-anger ; even-I-
" crushed-them
" In-mine-indignation : even-Lspilled upon-tke-
" ground their-blood."
The supposed dialogue between Jehovah and the
prophet thus closes, and the prophet again speaks in
his owp person.
7, " The-paternal-affbctions-of Jehovah I-will-record ;
" The-praises-of Jehovah according-to-all ( d. 7V)
" Which Jehovah hath-bestowed-upon-us ;
" Even-the-greatness-of his-goodness towards«the-re»
" presentatives-of Israel 5
" Which he-hath-bestowed-upon-them according-to-
" his-tendernesses ;
" Even accord ing -to-the-greatness-of his-paternal-af*
" fections.
8. " Forrhe-said ; ' Surely my-people are-tbey ;
" ' Children whp- will-not be-rfalse:?
" So-he-became to-them a-restorer.
9. " In-all their-distresses he-was-digtre'ssed s
" Even*the-angel-of his?presence restored-them ;
" In-consequence-of-his«love, evenjof-his-rcompassion,
* " he-was theH>*vindicator :
" Tberefore-bettook-them-up, even-he-barerthem, as-
" in-the-days^of old,
10. " Althougb-they rebelled, even-grieved-they
" The spirit-of his-holiness :
" And-thereforeThe-was-rturned against-tbem torbeTan-
" enemy;
* See lx. 16., Ixii. 12., and ver. 4.

390 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" He was-engaged-to-fight against-them :
11. " Yet-he-called-to-mind the-days-of old ;
" * Moses, kis-people, how he-brought-them-up ;
" From-the-sea, the shepherd his-flock :
" How he-placed wiihin-kim,
" The spirit-of his-holiness :
12. " Whcn-he-made-to-proceed on-the-right-hand-of
" Moses his-arm :
" In-bis-glory cleaving the-waters from-bcfore-them :
" To-make to-himself a-name for-a-long-continuance :
13. " When-he-made-them-to-proceed through-tbe-deeps,
" as-a-horse ;
" Even-(1)-through-the»desert, that-they-should-not
" stumble.
From this place to the end of lxiv. the prophet in
behalf of his countrymen addresses Jehovah.
14. " As-cattle into-the-valley descend ; (next, "0: end fb)
" From-a-great wind that-they-may-repose :
" So leddest-thou thy-people ;
" To-make to-thyself a-name illustrious.
15. " Look-thou-down from-beaven ; even-see-thou
" From«the-dwelling»of tbine-bobness, even-of-thy-
" beauty :
" Where-is thy-zpal, even-thy-mighty-power?
" Tbe-tumult-of thy-bowels, even-thy-tendernesscs ?
" Are-these (nvNH) restrained, although-(1)-thou«
" art our-father?
16. " Surely Abraham knowetb-us not :
* English construction ;
How Moses brbught-up his-people ;
The shepherd his-flock from-the-sea:
That, is, from' Egypt,

OF ISAIAH. lgi
" Even-Israel doth-not acknowledge-us : (next, 1)
" But-thou, Jehovah, art-our-fatber ; *claim-thou-us: (tnext, V3.)
" Surely for-a-long-time on-us-hatb-been thy-name.
17. " Wherefore shouluVst-(hou-sufFer-us-to-err, Jehovah,
" from-thy-ways :
" Shouldest-thou-permit-to-be-bardened our-hearts
" from-the-fear-of-thee ?
" Return-thou, for-thc-sake-of tby-servants ;
" For-the-sake-of the-tribes-of thine-inheritance.
18. " Soon may-the-people take-possession-of thy-sanc-
" tuary,
" On-which-our-enemies have-trampled : for,-conse-
" crated46-thee are- we:
19. " From-ancient-times thou-didst-not rule over-them:
" They were-not called by-tby-name."
Heb. Hath-not been-called thy-name upon-them.
Ch. LXIV. Subject and speaker continued.
1. '•' Hast-tbou-not rent the-heavens ? hast-thou-not-de-
" sceiided ?
" From-t by-presence have-not-the-mountains dis-
" solved ;
" As-by-rhe-kindling-of fire waters flow?
2. " Hast-thou-not-come (d.) to-make-known thy-name
" to-tbine-encmies ?
" From-thy-presence bave-not-the-nations trembled ?
3. " When-thou-didst wonderful-things, whicb-we-ex-
" pected not,
" Tbou-descendedst, from-thy-presence the-mountains
" dissolved.
* Or, vindicate. See lx. 16., Ixii. 12., andvv. \. 9.
t LXX, and Mr. D.

192 READINGS ANtf INTERPRETATIONS
4. " For-from-ancient-times (d. d.) men-have-not heard^
" Even-eye kath-not seen a-God
" Beside-thee, wko*can-*act in-behalf-of'-tkose-wko-
" are-engaged-in-waiting upou^him.
5. " Meet-thou him-who-rejoicetk, even-*act4hou:
" Let-the-acquilted in-thy*ways make-mention-of-
" tkee :
" Hast-not thou been-angry, when-we-were-idolaters ?
" Even from-ancient-times, when-wcwere-guilty ?
6. " For-we-are as-one*polluted all-of*us^
" Even-as-a-garment-of t ornaments are*all our-deli*
" vcrances :
" Evcn-are-we-withered-away as-a-leaf all-of*us ;
" So-that-our-idolatry, as-a-wind, hath-borne-us-
" away."
The frequent deliverances, experienced by the an
cient people of God, are compared with ornamental
dress or best clothes, which temporarily cover internal
pollution, and are shifted.
7. " For-where-is one-who-invoketk thy-name?
" Who-stirrcth-up-himself to-lay-fast-hold upon-thee?
" Surely thou-hast-hidden thy-face from-us :
" Even-hast-thou-consumed-us by-the-power-of our-
" idolatries.
8. " But-now, Jehovah, our-father art-thou :
" We-are the-clay, even-tbou-art the-former-of-us :
" Even-the-work-of thine-band are-we-all.
9. " Be-not thou-angry (d.) most exceedingly :
" Neither Jfor-ever remember-tbou our-idolatries. (1-)
* Do wonderful things, as in v. 3. f Mr. Parkhurtf.
X See xxvi. 4., and lvii. 15.

OE ISAIAH. 193
" Look-tbou-upon-us, *we-beseech-thee; thy -people
" are-we-all.
10. " The-cities-of thine-holiness have-been a- wilderness :
"Sion a- wilderness bath-been :
" Jersnsalera hath-been desolated.
11. " The-house-ofour-sanctuary, even-of-our-beauty,
" In-which-praised-thee our-fathers,
" Hath-been to-be-burned' by-fire :
" Even-every-one-of the-objects-of-our-desire hatk-
" been a-devastation.
12. " Wilt-thou-on-account-of these-tkings contain-thy-
" self, Jehovah ?
" Wilt-thou-continue-silent, even-wilt-thou-afflict-us
" most exceedingly ?"
Ch. LXV. The prophet, in the person of Jehovah,
replying to the preceding address, is the speaker to
the end of these two last chapters. The subjects are
restoration to those who have forsaken idolatry, but
destruction to the idolaters.
1 . " Am-I -sought in-behalf-of-those-who-have-not made-
" inquiry ?
" Am-I-at-kand in-behalf-of-those-who-have-not
" sought-me ?
"Do-I-say; Am-not-I, am-not-I God, (next, 7 only.)
" In-behalf-of-a-nation which-invoketh not my-name?
2, " I-kave-stretcked-out my-hands all tke-day
" Unto a-people which-revolteth,
" Unto-those-who-walk in-a-way which-is-not good,
" t Wko-walk after their-own-devices :
3, " The-people who-provoke me
" To my-face continually ;
* Conjectural reading.
| See Amos v. 3. quoted at the end of the Introduction.
2 C

194 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Whorsacrifice mrgardens, even-wbo-+offer-by-fi
" upon-tbe-tifes.
(Upon the flat roofs of their houses to idols. B
L. and Mr. P.)
4. " Wko-Iodge in-rsepulckres, even^inrburial-groun
" pass-tkey-tke-nigkt :
Whp-eat tbe-flesk-:of swine ;
Even-the-broth-qf abominable-meats is-in-thei
" vessels :
Who-say, Approack4kou unto-thyself,
Sfot unto-me-come-thou-near (2 for 3) : surely
" am-holier-than-thou.
On-(i trs.)-account-of-these-things hath-smok(
" mine-anger :
A-fire hath-burned all the-day.
Is-it-not recorded-in-writing before-me ?
I-vi ill-not continue-silent: surely (d.)have-I-requite
Even-kave-I-requited into their-bosom
Their-idolatries, even-the-idolatries-of their-fath(
" together :
Who have-offered-by-fire upon the-mountains ;
Even-upon the-hills have-dishonoured-me :
Even-have-I-requited * tkeir-actions (d.) into thei
" bosom.
g. " Thus saith Jehovah :
As-when one-findeth tbe-ripe-grape in-a-cluster,
Even-saith ; ' Destroy-thou-it not :
' Surely a-blessing is-in-it :'
So wiH-f-do for-the-sake-of my-servants,
Tkat-1-may-not destroy the-whole.
Even-will-I-bring-fortb from-Jacob a-seed :
t Mjr,. Parkhurst. * Conjectural reading.

Of ISAIAH. 195
" Even-from-Judah an-inberirer-of rny-mouritain ; so-
" that-ihey-shall- in fret it-it :
" Even-my-chos6n, my-servants ; (1) so-tkat-ihey-
" shall-dwell there.
10. " Even-shaH-be Sharon a-fold-for the-flock :
" Even-the-valley-of Achor a-resting-for the-herd :
" To-my-people wko bave-sought-me.
11. " But-ye, who-have-deserted Jekovak ;
" Wbo-bave-forgotten the mouritain-of my-holiness :
" Who-have-set-in-order for-*Gad a-table ;
" Even-who-have-filled for-f Meni a-libation :
12. " Even-will-I-number you to-the-sword :
" Even-all-of-you to-the-slaughter shall-ye-bow-down,
" even-sball-ye-be- X cut-off :
" Because I-have-called, but-ye-have-not answered ;
" I-have-spoken, but-ye-have-not heard :
" But-ye-have-done that-wbich-is-evil in-mine-eyes ;
" Even-that, •in-which I-have^not deligkted, ye-have-
" chosen.
13. " Wherefore thus saith (dl) Jehovak :
" Shall-not my-servants eat :
" % But-sball-nOt ye be-famished ?
" Shall-not «iy-servants drink :
" But-shall-not ye be-tbirsty ?
" Shall-not my-servants rejoice :
" But-shall-not ye be-confounded ?
14. " Sball-not my-servants sing-aloud
" For-gladness-of || keart : but-skall-Tiot 'ye
* Gad, a troop of deities, the heavenly constellations.
• f MenJ, a number of gods, the staVry host.
X Paronomasia with Gad, as the verb of the preceding line is in
paronomasia with Meni. See Mr. D.
§ See Rule 3d, in Introduction, p. vii. bottom.
|| See lvii. 15, 16 ; and ltfvi. 2.

196 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Cry-aloud for-grief-of keart ?
" Even-for-distress-of t mind skall-not-ye-kowl ?
15. " Even-ye-skall-leaveyour-Jname,after-kaving-done- " with-it,
" To-my-chosen ; even-shall-slay-you Jehovah ;
" Even-his-servants shall-ke-call by-k another name.
16. " Wkosoever skall-bless-himself in-the-land,
" Shall-bless-himsek" by-the-God-of the-faithful-pro-
" mise:
" Even- whosoever shall-swear in-the land,
" Shall-swear by-the-God-of the-faithful-promise :
" Surely are-forgotten the-former distresses :
" Even-surely are-they-hidden from-mine-eyes.
17. " Surely am-not-I about-to-create
" || New heavens, even-a-new earth ?
" So-that-shall-uot be-remembered the-former ;
" Even-that-they-shall-not ascend upon the-mind.
. 18. " But men-shall-exult, even-shall-rejoice
" For *that-which I am-about-to-create ; (d. 4.)
" Jerusalem a-rejoicing, even-its-people an-object-
" of-joy.
19. " Even-will-I-exult in-Jerusalem : even-will-I-rejoice
" in-my-people :
" So-that-shall-not be-heard therein any-more
" The-voice-of weeping, even-the-voice-of a-distress-
" ful-cry.
20. " Shall-not (d. 3.) die (trs.) the-infant at-an-year-old :
" But-tbe-aged-man (d. 2.) shall-complele his ap-
" pointed-days,
" For-(1)-the-youth shall-live an-bundred years ;
" Even-as-a-sinner (d. 3. and trs.) sball-no more be-
" accursed.
f See lvii, 15, 16 ; and lxvi. 2. X Jacob or Israel.
§ Judah. || Restoration. See Bp. L. on xiii. 10. * Conj.

OF ISAIAH. 197
21. " Even-shall-they-build kouses, even-skall-tkey-in-
" babit-tbem :
" Even-shall-they-plant vineyards, even-sball-tbey-
" eat the-fruit-of-them,
22. " Tkey-shall-not build, and-another inhabit :
" They-shall-not plant, and-another eat.
" Surely as-the-days-of a-tree skall-be-their-days
(DH);
" Even-the-works-of tkeir-kands shall-my-chosen wear-
" out.
23. " They-shall-not labour in-vain :
" Neither shall-they-generate a-short-lived-race :
" Surely a-seed-of the-blessed-of Jehovah
" Are-they, even-their-offspring witb-them.
21. " Even-sball-it-he, tbat-before they-call,
" I will-answer: yet shall-they
" Be-speaking, when-I shall-have-heard.
25. " The-*wolf, even-the-lamb shall-feed together :
" Even-tbe-lion, as-tbe-ox, shall-eat straw :
" Even-the-serpent, dust shall-be-his-food :
" They-shall-not hurt, neither shall-they-destroy,
" In-all the-t mountain-of my-boliuess.
Ch. LXVI.
I. " Thus saith Jehovah :
" The-heavens are (l^il) my-tbrone ;
" Even-is-the-eartb the-stool-of my-feet :
" Where-is this house,
" Which ye-build for-me ?
" Even-where-is this place-of my-rest ?
2. " For every-thing (d.) mine-band hath-made ;
" Even-are all these mine. (Bp. L.)
* See xi. 9.
t Mountain of my holiness : passim, Sion, or Jerusalem. See
the text thus glossed, lxvi. 20.

198 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Tberefore-uuto this will-I-look ;
" Even-unto him-who-is-afflicted, even-smitten in*
" * spirit,
" Even-who-reveretb my word.
3. " But-thOu-who-art-sacrificing the-ofc, the-T smitten
" art-thou ?
" Even4hou-who-art-off*ering tke-lamb, art-thou-
" cleansed in-heart ?
" Even-thou-wko-art-making to-ascend an-oblation,
" blood bast-thou-spilt ?
" Even-thou-who-art-buming incensej arf-thou-a-
" kneeiei-dOwn-tO an-idol ?
" As tkey4hem"selv'es have-cbosen thefroWfi-Ways ;
" EveB-in-tkeir-abOminatio'ris they have-delighted ;
4. " So I will-choose their-ealamities>
" Even-the-dbjects-o£«their-dread- wilM-briag upon-
" them :
" Because I-havef-callcd ; when-where-was one-wko-
" answered ?
" I-have-spOken ; but4hey-have-Tiot heard :
" Even-kave-tbey-done that-wbick-is<-evil in-mine-
" eyes :
" Even-that,-in-whick I-kave-not delighted, tkey*
" kave-ckosen.
5. " Hear-ye the-Word-of Jehovah,
" Ye-who-revere his word :
" Say-ye, your-brethren are-those-who-have-hated-
" you, even-who-have-caused-you-to-be-thrust-
" out :
" That the-name-of Jehovah may-be-glorified :
" Even-tkat-may-be-seen your-joy; even-that-they
" may-be-confounded.
* See lvii. 15, 16 ; and lxv. 14.
f See v. 2. This and the three following metres are given with
much conjecture.

OF ISAIAH. 199
6. " A-voIee-of tumult from-the-city ! (Jerusalem)
" A- voice from-the-temple ! a-voice-of Jehovah,
" Wko-is-rendering recompense to-kis-enemies !
7. . " Before she-could-be-in-labour, hath-she-brought-
" forth ?
" Before could-come the-pang
" Upon-her, even-hath-she-been-delivered-of a-male ?
S. " Who hath-heard such-a-tking ?
" Who hath-seen tbe-like-of-tkese ?
" Hatk-a-country been-in-travail but-a-day (d.)?
" Hath a-nation brought-fortb in-an-instant (d.)?
" Surely no-sooner-hath-been-in-labour, than katk-
" brought-forth,
" Sion her sons.
9. " Do-I bring-to-the-birtk ? even-do-I-not cause-to-
" bring-forth ?
" Have-I, who-am the-bringer-forth, also-restrained?
10. " Rejoice-ye with Jerusalem :
" Even-exult-ye oitiher-account, all-ye wko-love*
"her!
" Celebrate-ye with-ker a-* joyous-solemnity,
" All ye-wko-kave-mourned over-her !
11. " Tkat ye-may-suck, even-tkat-ye-may-be-satisfied
" from-her-+ devastated-land:
" That (trs.) ye-may-draw-fortb ker-consolations :
" Even-that-ye-may-delight-yourselves from-the-
" stores-of her-splendour.
12. " Surely (d. 3.) am-I-not spreading
" Over-her, as-the-great-giver, prosperity ?
" Even-as-the-overnowing river the-wealth-of the*
" nations ?

* See viii. 6; xxxii. 14; Ixii. 5; and lxv. 18.
t Seelx, 16.

200 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" So-that-when-ye-have-suckCd, upon tke-side ye-
" skall-be-carried ;
" Even-upon the-knees ye-shall-be-dandled.
13. " As-one whom his-mother consokth ;
" So will-I console-you :
" Even-in- Jerusalem ye-shall-receive-consolation :
14. " even-ye-shall-see :
" Even-shall-rejoice your-heart : even-your-bones
" As-the-green-herb shall-flourish : even-shall-be-
" acknowledged
" The-hand-of Jehovah with his-servants :
" Even-will-he-be-moved-with-indignation against bis
" enemies.
15. " Surely will-he-not (d.) come, as-a-fire ?
" Even, as-a-whirlwind, his-chariot ?
" To-render in-fury his-anger,
" Even-his-rebuke in-flames-of fire,
16. " Surely witb-fire Jehovah executeth-vmtten-law :
" Even-witb-his-sword upon all flesh :
" Even-shall-be-many the-slain-of Jehovah.
17. " They-who-consecrate-+ themselves, even-purify-
" themselves in the-gardens ;
" Who have-united-themselves in-the-porck ;
" The-eaters-of the-flesh-of swine;
" Even-of-the-abomination, even-of-the-mouse ; to-
" gether shall- they-be-swept-away,
18. " For-I know J their-acfions, even-their-devices :
" Even-I come to-assemble
" The whole-of the-nations, even-the-tongues :
" Even-they-sball-come,even-they-shall-seetheglory» " of-me :
19. " Even-I-will-impart to-them a-sign :
" Even-I-will-send from-among-them escaped §-per*
" sons
f To idolatry. X l^P- E. § From idolatry.

Qf «A$A«. 201
" Unto, ^r^tkuij j jjp^Tpsbigk,
" ^1, and.Lud V-flfe**** (<*•>
" Tubal, and-Javan, the-coasts far-distant :
" To-tbose-who have-not heard
" Tbe report-of-me ; even-who-have-not seen
" The gldry-ofrme : even-they-shall-declare
" The glory-of-me among-tke-nations.
20. " Even-tkey-skall-bring the brethren-of-you
" From-all the-nations an-offering to- Jehovah,
" Upon-horses, even-upon-mules, (trs.) even-in-litters,
" even-in-waggons,
" Even-in-panniers, unto tbe-*mountain-of my-koli-
" ness (d. 3.):
" As bring the-sons-of Israel
" The oblation (d. 2.) to-tke-house-of Jekovak.
21. " Even-also from-among-tkem I-will-take
" For-priests, even-for-Levites, saith Jehovah.
22. " Surely as the-new'sheayens,
" Even-tbe-new earth, which
" I am-about-to-make, will-continue before-me ;
" So shall-continue your-seed, even-your-name.
23. " Even-shall-it-be, that-from-the-fullness-of a-new-
" moon unto-its-succeeding-new-moon,
" Even-from-the-fullness-of a-sabbath unto-its-succeed-
" ing-sabbath, shall-come
" All flesh to-worship before-me.
24. " After wards-they-shall-go-forth, even-they-shall-look
" upon-the-carcasses-of
" The-men who-have-rebelled against-me :
" Surely tbeir-worm shall-not die;
* See lxv. 25.
2 D

202 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS OF ISAIAB.
" Even-their-fire shall-not be-quencbed ;
" Evcn-shalUthey-be a-* spectacle to-all flesh."
* n for 1. Mr. Podson, whose proposed readings have very fri-
quendy been adopted j notice of which may have been unintention.
ally omitted.

APPENDIX II.
READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS OF
JMREMI*dH*
Ch. I. v. 5. ' Before I-formed-thee in-the-womb, I-
knew-thee/ In the original, the former verb is future
relative, of which the latter is (in sense although not
in situation) antecedent : as if it had been written ;
' I first knew thee, and afterwards it followed, or was
future, that I formed thee.' So the future relatives
are explained by Schroeder, in his Institutions, Sect.
iii. R. 49.
6. and 9. HVt. Interrogation of a negative, Is-it-
not, or Am-not, or Was-not ? &c. for strong assertion,
Certainly : but, Behold, the usual translation, seems
trite and unmeaning. See preceding Appendix, pas
sim. 13. " A-pot made-to-boil I-see:  (See Dr. Blayney.)
15. " Surely am-I-not about-to-call &c. ?"
" Even-before all the-cities-of Judah.
16, " Even-will-I-pronounce my-written-laws &c."
17. End. — " for-fear-that I-should-lcave-tkee-to-be-crush-
" ed before-them.
18. " For-I certainly &c"

204 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Ch. II.
2. — " I-bav^-calfed-to-mifld in-thy-feehalf the-paternal-
" -atectt&n
" Experienced-by-thy-youth, the-love which*favour-
" ed-thy-cdnY|Me-age;''—
3. " Set-apart was-Israel unto-Jehovah ;
" The-first-fruits-of his-inerease : all Wfio^levoufe4-
"bim
" * Were-punisbed, even-calamity came upon-them.
4. " Hear-ye the-word-of Jehovah,
" f Thou-represenfaBve-oT Jacob, even-all-ye
" The-families-of the-representatives-of Israel!"
7. " Then-Jbrought-I you unto a-land,
" Tbe-frtibful-field," ~"
10. " Surely pass-ye-over % to-tbe-coasts-df tbe-sea-wom ;
" Ev'en-see-ye : eVen-||td-the-swarthy sehd-yfe;"-^— •
14. " fe*fsrkel a-slave? even-is-be a-son ? (d. and trs.)
" Wherefore is he -exposed-to-spoil ?"
15. See Dr. B. and prophetic praeters, Is. v. 13-
and xliii. 14.  " even-bis-cities
" Have-been-f overgrown, from-want-of-being-in-them
" an-inhabitant."
16. " Also shafl-tke-sons-bf Ndph, (in Egypt)
" Even -of ^abpaWhles, bruise- **tkfee upon4rie-
" crown+t-of-the-head."
1&. " Even-now what businessikast-thou in-the-way-df
"Egypt, tonlrink the-waters-of thfe-Nigfcr ?"
* A future lelative. j Josiah. X A future relative.
$ To the west. || To the-eira.
<([ See Mr. Parkhurst on this Vefb in ii.
** Jerusalem, see v. 2. ft' By killing kkig Joilah,,

OF JfERE3lIAHV 205
This litewdlyV'afe'IS: xxiii. S.-feUt possibly in both
places the Nile is meant.
19. End. " Saith Jtjhovpk God-of Hosts.?'
SeeDt. KennicOtt's rule1, ' preceding Ap. on Is,
ch. xii. y. 13.
22. End. " Impressed-is-the-scar-of tkine-idolatry before*
" me."
g5.  See Is. lvii. 10. " but-thou-kast«sai(i, * There*
" ' is-an-end : (trs.)
" ' Surely I-have-loved strangers :
" ' Everi-after-them should hot I-go ?' "
27. End. ''"*'¦' ' ' —  •¦•"¦'"¦ " even-restore-tbou-us.*
28. — " If they-can-festore-thee"—
33. "" Wkat wilt4hou-direct tky-way
" To-seek? (wkat) kast-tkou-loved to-prepare?
" * Also hast-thou calamities
" Taught thy ways ?
34. " Ako in-thy-outskirts kave-been-found, they, (tzrt)
" The-persons-of the-needy who-are-pure ?
" Not in-holes-digged have-I-found-them :
" But by-the-side-of every oak.
35. — " Am-I-not about-to-execute-t written-law against-
'" thee, &c. ?"
36. " Why dost-thou-lose-thyself exceedingly
" In-changing thy ways ?" 
Ch. III. To Jerusalem is the address continued to
the end of v. 5, and from ch. ii. 2.
1. " Whilsf-thou-sayest; ' If should-divorce a-man
* English construction: Also hast-thou taught calamities to
attend thy1 way s ? See Dr. B.
t See Sermon *HfFast, 1806, p. 20., 1. I

206 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" ' His-wife, so-that-she-go from-him,
" ' Even-become another man's ;
" ' Shall-he-ieturn unto-her any-more ?
" < Would-not bcgreatly defiled
" l That land ?' in-the-mean-time-thou-thyself
" Hast-been-the-harlot-of man; lovers :
" Yet-return-thou unto-me, saith Jehovah."
The harlot means the idolatress. Many lovers,
various idols. See verse 9. and ch. v. 7, 8. xiii. 27.
Universally throughout the prophets, fornication and
adultery are figurative terms for idolatry, notwith
standing all the assertions of Bp. Horsley in Hosea.
See the 2d ed. Hosea's wife of fornications was no
prostitute, but a modest daughter of the idolatrous
Israelitish nation, and possibly neither herself nor her
father ever had been idolatrous.
12. Israel is addressed by Jehovah to the end of
v. 2. in ch. iv. excepting where the answer of Israel
intervenes in v. 22. to the end of this ch.
— " Surely paternally -affectionate am-I :
Yod in an active sense. See Ps. cxvi. ,5. and Ser
mon on Fast, 1808.
13. " Only acknowledge-tkou tkine-idolatry :" —
14. 15. Prophetic praeters. See ii. 15.
Return of the whole twelve tribes from captivity.
— " Even-have-I-taken you one
" From-a-city, even-two from-a-kousekold ;
" Even-have-I-brpugbt you to-Siou.

OF JEREMIAH. 207
1.5. " Even-have-I-given to-you pastors according-to*
" mine-own-heart :
" Even-have-they-fed you witk-knowledge ; even*
" have-they-caused-you-to-understand."
16. Future relatives.
" Therefore-it-katk-been, that*when ye-became-nu*
" merous, even-were-fruitful
" In-the-land in-those days,
" They-said not any-more,
" The-ark-of tke-covenant-of Jehovah ;
" Neither hath-it-ascended upon the-heart;
" Neither have-they-remembered it ;
" Neither have«men-so-missed-it, ("\ only) that -it*
" should-be-made any-more."
22. " Return-ye, ye-sons who-have-revolted ; let-me-heal
" Your-apostasies. (Ans.) Certainly we-come unto*
" thee :
" Surely thou-art Jehovah our-God."
23. From the fourth place transpose to the same
place in v. 24.
" Doubtless idols-have-possessed the-hills,
" Even-tbe-mountains : doubtless in-Jehovah
" Our-God is-the-restoration-of Israel.
24. " But-that-which-shameth-us hath-coiisumed the-
" abundance-of
" The-labour-of our-fathers from-our-youth ;" &c. _ ,
25. The present tense, as in the public jfransla-
tion : and, the last word in the v. the metre rejects.
Ch. IV.
9. " But-thou-shalt-swear, Jehovah liveth, in-faithful-
" ness ;

$0$ READINGS A.NB IjGfTERPRETATlONS
;"Ifl-writteRTJ||W, ev#p-ia-aeqUit'|al : wrJhat-shfll-
" bless4hemseb?ses ia-rkim
" Nations, eVeH7inThim sJiahrthe-yTghary,'''
According to thine oath thou shalt faithfujjy wor
ship only Jehovah, in the practice of his written law,
and in the 'integrity of thine acquittal from idolatry,
and from captivity its punishment..
3. To Jerusalem is the address resumed from the
end of v. 5, in ch. iii.
— " Plough-ye to-yourselves" a-plougking; (Mr. P.)
" Even-sow-ye not among thorns."
This figurative c3.Il to repentance and amendment
is still figur^tiyje^yj but more clearly, ex,pr<essed in the
beginning -of the following verse.
10. The prophet interposes a reply to the preced
ing address; intimating that amendment was to little
purpose, if the threatened desfructipo was settled^
" Then-said-I, Alas ! Jehovah !
" Doubtless tbourbftst-alfogetker deceived
"- This JP.efjpk?, even JerusakaBib saying,
" Success be to-you; (vv. 3*4-)
, , " Evcn-shall-penetrate tkerSrWord to tke-guick."
But, this is answered by Jehovah in vv. 14. 18. See
•j 9r Blayney in his Appendix.
ill. The' wind, as also in v. 12. the full wind, is
Nebuchadrezzar, the lion in v. 7.
— " Hatb-gone the-way-of the-daugbter-of my-peopl*:"
¦The noun,' after its verb, seems to have fallen fjom
the text.

OF JEREMIAH. 209
12. "A-full wind (d.) cometk at-my-bidding :
" Now also I-myself
" Will-pronounce written-laws against-them.
13. " Certainly as-clouds he-ascendeth ; even-as-a-wbirl-
" wind
" Are-his-chariots ; swifter than-eagles are-his-
" horses."
The following line, expressive of apprehension, is
interposed by the prophet in behalf of his country
men: " Woe unto-us ! for, he-will-lay-us-waste."
Jehovah resumes the address, and continues it to
the end of the 18th v.
14. " Wash-tkou from- wickedness tkine-beart,
" Jerusalem, that thou-mayest-be-restored.
" How long sball-harbour
" Within-thee the-devices-of thine-idolatry ?
15. " Surely a-voice anffounceth from-Dan,
" Even-publisheth punishment from-the-mountain-of
" Ephraim."
Dan was the city Cassarea Philippi, the N. boundary
of Palasstine, where the ' evil from the north,' v. 6.
would probably first be known. The tribe of Dan
bordered southwards upon the kingdom of Judah,
according to the map given by L. Bos in his edition
of the Vatican copy of the LXX. See viii. 16.
In the latter metre of this verse, read y instead of
N, and translate, punishment. See Dr. B. on La
mentations, pp. 330, 331.
Jerusalem had adopted the idolatry of Bethel and
Dan. 2 E

210 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
16. " Make-ye-to-be-remembered among-the-nations
" these-things : publish-ye
" Against Jerusalem, that-watchers are-coming
" From-a-far country ; even-that-they-raise
" Against $e-cities-of Judah their- voice."
19. — 21. The prophet speaks. 22. Jehovah. 23
to the end of v. 6. of ch. v. again the prophet ; but
vv. 27, 28. in the person of Jehovah. Transpose the
letters and read v. 19.
" My-people, my-people ! are-afflicted our-walls :
" My-heart is-disturbed within-me,
" My-heart, so-that-(l) I-cannot be-silent:
" Surely a-sound-of a-trumpet I-have-heard :
" *I have-heard the-alarm-of war."
27. The last metre interrogatively; and in ch. v. 18.
" Surely thus saith Jehovah ;
" Desolate-shall-be the-whole land :
" Even-a-completion shall-I-not execute?"
Nebuchadnezzar's invasion of Judah, v. 29, and
of Jerusalem, vv. 30, 31, are described by the pro
phet. As Judah is represented by Isaiah, lvii. 9, so
Jerusalem is by Jeremiah in v. 30. pourtrayed as a
royal harlot to the king of Babylon : the meaning
of which is, that she had adopted the Babylonian
idols. 30. — " In-vain thou-settest-forth-thy-beauty ; have-nau-
" seated thee
" Thy-paramburs : thy life they seek. "
31. The prophet describes the distress of Jerusalem
by an exclamation from her own mouth :
* Read both Cetib and Keri.

OF JEREMIAH. 211
" Woe now is-unto-me :
" Surely distressed* am-I because-of-murdcrers."
Ch. V. 1. The prophet proposes relief to Jerusa
lem by repentance, according to the faithful promise
of Jehovah delivered in the former part of v. 14. of
ch. iv. But see vii. 28.
 « If there-be one-who-executeth written-law,
" Who-seeketk-to-obtain the-faithful-promise, that-
" I-would-pardon-ker.
2. " Even-altkougk tkey-say, *Liveth Jehovah,
" Not-the-less in-presence-of-an-idol swear-they.
3. " Jekovak ! tkine-eyes-kave-been (trs.) to-tbe-faitk-
" ful-promise:"
This line expresses the readiness of Jehovah to avert
the calamities denounced.
" Hast-not thou-smitten tkem ;
" But-tkey-kave-not grieved ?" —
4. " Even-I-myself have-said ;
" Doubtless tbe-abject tbey-are :
". Foolish-bave-they-been ; because they-bave-not
" known
" Tke-way-of Jekovak, tke-written-law-of tkeir-God.
5. " Let-me-betake myself unto the-great :
" Even-let-me-speak unto-tkem : (d.) they have-
" known
" The-way-of Jehovah, the-written-law-of their-God:
" t Nevertheless they have-in-like-manner broken
* The people of Jerusalem acknowledged Jehovah, as the people
of Israel were ordered to do, ch. iv. 2 ; but, the oath of acknow
ledgement of Jehovah was made in presence of an idol, the false
representative. See vii. 8, 9.
t Add f.

212 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" The-yoke; they-have-burst tke-bands."
6. The first and third verbs are prophetic praters.
See Is. v. 13. xliii. 14. &c.
7. From this v, to the end of v. 23. of ch. vi. Je
hovah seems to be uninterruptedly the speaker, or
by the prophet dramatically described so to be. In
ch. vi., vv. 4, 5, are poetically introduced the words of
the Chaldees, expressive of their alacrity in execut
ing the punishment-of God upon his people of Judah
and Jerusalem. " How for-this can-I-pardon thee ?
" Thy-sons have-forsaken-me, pven-have-they-sworn
" By-them that-are-not Gods : even-when-I-had-
" fully-fed them,
" Then-committed-they-adultery ; even-to-the-bouse-
" of the-harlot betook-they-themselves-in-
" troops."
The defection to idolatry was in numbers propor
tionate to the goodness of God. See ch. iii. 1. for the
meaning of this and the next verse.
8. " Horses armed drawn-forth have-they-been :
" Then-each to-the-wife-of his-companion neigked."
9, and 29, end, and ix. 9.
" Skall-not I avenge-myself ?"
10. Jehovah commissions the Babylonians.
" Ascend-ye upon-her- walls, even-destroy -ye ; but-a-
" completion
" Make-ye not."
Make not an end, until all is destroyed.

OF JEREMIAH. g!3
12. " They -have-lied against-Jehovah : even-have-they*
" said ;
" * He-will-not-continue the-same;' "
13. " ' Even-the-prophets are a-wind :
" ' Even-the-right-of-saying they-had not,
" ' *Thus shall-be-done, as-they-said.'"
14 and 19. Jehovah speaks to the people in the
plural, and also to the prophet in the singular num
ber. " Am-I-not about-to-make ?"
The words, as fire, in the mouth of the prophet, to
devour the people as wood,
15. " Am-I-not about-to-bring  ?"
16. " Their-quiver-is as-an-open sepulchre :" 
Whence are drawn the darts of death.
18. Interrogatively, as ch. iv. 27.
22. — " Who have-appointed the-sand
" A-bound to-the-sea, an-ordinance-of ancient-time,
" So-that-it-(the sea)-cannot pass-it (the sand): even-
" although-it-toss-itself-about,
" Yet-can-it-not prevail : even-althougk-roar
" Ifa-waves, yet-can-it-not pass-it."
In the above verse the sand is throughout the ac
cusative case, twice repeated in pronoun affixes ; and
the sea and its waves are the nominative cases to all
the verbs, which succeed the mention of it.

23. " For-to-this people katk-been" 
25. " Your-idolatries" 
* The people had said ; The prophets have no right to say,
Thus shall be done.

214 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
26. " Surely have-been-found amongst-my-people the
" idolatrous :" —
28. — "Also have-they-passed-along speaking evil:" —
" Even-according-fo-written-law the-needy they-bave-
" not judged."
31. " The prophets have-prophesied by-an-idol." —
Ch. VI.
2. " The-babitation, even-tke-delightful-one, have-I-
" doomed4o-destruction, in-Sion."
4. " They-have-ordained against-her war,'Arise-ye;'" —
To the end of v. 5. is expressed the alacrity of the
Chaldees to execute the commission given ch. v.,
v. 10.
6. " It-is the-city to-be-punished :
" Every -kind-of * strife is-in-the-midst-of-her.
7. " As-causetb-to-spring-forth a-fountain its- waters,
" So bath-been-made-to-issue-forth her-calamity :
"Violence, even-devastation, are-keard within-ber;
" Before my-face continually
" Are-sickness and-smiting. 8. " Be-tbou-reformed,
" Jerusalem !
" Lest I be-alienated from-thee .-
" Lest I-make-thee a-desolation,
" A-land not inhabited."

Notwithstanding the graphical description of the
siege and capture of Jerusalem by the Babylonians,
foretold vv. 6, 7, it is in v. 8. invoked to avert the cala
mity by reformation. See iv. 14. vii. 29-.
* The effect, not the cause, of the siege. See v, 7.

OF JERMIAH. gj§
«
JO. — " Hath-not my-word (d.) been among-them
" A-reproach, tkat-they-could-not take-delight in-it?
11. " Therefore my-wrath," (LXX.)—
13. " Surely from-the-least-of-them" 
" Every-one hoardetb gain :
" Surely-from-the-prophet"  — >
" Every-one practisetb * idolatry.
14. " Even-have-they-skinned-over tke-wound-of tbe-
" daughter-of
" My-people, treating-it-as-trivial, even-saying ;
" ' It-is-well, it-is-well:' when- it- was-far- from well."
15. — " Indeed that-they-were-confused they-have-not ac-
" knowledged :
" Tkerefore skall-they-fall one-over-anotber :"
16. — " Where-is this good way ?
" Even-walk-ye in-it ; evcn-find-ye restoration
" To-yourselves." 
19. — " Even-to-my-law ; but-they-have-rejected it.
20. " Why is-tbis to-me,
" That-frankinccnse from-Saba should-be-brougbt ?
" Even-the-excelleut aromatic-reed from-a-far coun-
« try ?"
24, 25, 26. The prophet speaks. 27—30. Jehovah.
27. " In-proving kave-I-appointed-tkee over-my-people
" a-restrainer-of4kem :
" Tkou-shalt-know, even-tkou-sbalt-prove their way.
28. " All-of-them have-departed as-revolters ;
" Having-betaken-themselves to-tke-mercbandize-of
" brass, even-of-iron :
" All-of-them corrupters have-been,
29. " Burned-are the-bellows by-the-fire :
" Consumed-is tbe-lead for-thc-idol-of the-founder :
* v. 31. viii. 10.

216 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" The-founder, even-his-associates have-not been-
" withdrawn.
30. " Silver reprobated call-ye them :
" Surely hath- Jehovah reprobated them."
Ch. VII.
4. " Trust-ye not among-yourselves
" Upon * those- who-address the-idol, saying;
" The-temple-of Jehovah, the-temple-of Jehovah,
" The-temple-of Jehovah are-these."
Trust not in your vain expectations of being pro
tected in idolatry, by being able to say at each of the
three fgates of the temple (v. 2. ), ' The temple of
Jehovah.' See v. 30. and 2 Kings, xxi. 4, 5. 7.
5. — " If ye-will-altogether practise written-law
" Between a-man and his-companion;"
8. " Do-not ye trust among-yourselves
" Upon-those-wbo-address the-idol without profit?"
9. — " Even-swear X in-presence-of-an-idol," — >
* Ps. lxiii. 12.
f An idol was probably placed within each of the gates of the
temple; and designed, like the calves in Horeb, Betheh- and
Dan, to represent Jehovah : but, the falsehood of the representa
tion is every where described by the prophets in terms which ex
press vanity, lying, and falsehood. See the Psalms, passim. A
translator is forbidden, not so much by the Hebrew, as by custom
and the LXX, from thus rendering Exodus xx. 7. ' Thou shalt
' not apply the name of Jehovah, thy God, to an idol,' &c.
X To swear in presence of an idol, seems, ch. v. 2, to signify,
the acknowledgement of Jehovah, as the only true God, although
represented by an idol, The tenth v. seems to authorise this transla.
tion ; between which and it a contradistinction is formed. The
like acknowledgement of an idol in the place of Jehovah might
also have been prohibited, Exod. xx. 16. ' Thou shalt not invoke
<¦¦ an idol, as a witness, concerning thy neighbour.'

OF JEREMIAH. 217
14, 15, begin with prophetic praeters.
Shiloh was in the already desolated land of the ten
tribes. 16. Jehovah to the prophet.
1 8. — " To-make cakes for-the-subordinate-powers-of the*
" heavens," —
" Tkat they (trs.) may-vex-me.
19. " Me-tken do-tkey-vex ? do-they-not themselves,
" Tkat a-confusion-of their-faces-may-be ?"
22. End.  " any- word (trs.)
" Upon-account-of burnt-offering even-sacrifice."
24. — " Even-tended-they backward, certainly-not for-
" ward ;
25. " From-the-day that came-forth
" Their-fathers (LXX.) from-the-land-of Egypt,
" Unto this day. (LXX.)
" Tkerefore-settt-I unto-tkem with-thee my-servants
" The-prophets, daily rising-early, even-sendbig :
26. " B'ut-neitker hearkene'd-they unto-me ;
" Neither inclined-they their-ear :
" Even-have-they-hardened their neck (*)more*tkan
" their-fatkers."
28. " Even-although-thou-shalt-say," &c.
" Forfeited-is the-faithful-promise," iv. 14; vi. 8.
29. Jehovah to Jerusalem : public transl. right.
" Surely hath-Jehovah rejected, even-hath-he-dis»
" missed,
" The generation-of his-service." (LXX.)
The generation set apart to his service. Change
of similar letter : and no parallelism necessary.
* Septuagint and metre d.
2 F

218 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
31. " Even-bave-they-erected altars-of + the-furnace,"~
32. " Therefore are-not the-days coming 2" —
Ch. VIII. 3. Prophetic prater.
— " Which I-have-made-them-to-be-driven into ;" —
5. — "Jerusalem-with-an-apostasywbich-hath-prevailed?"
6.  " in-running is-speedy,
" As-a-horse J bounding-along through-a-battle.
7. — " But-my-people have-not acknowledged
" The written-law-of Jehovah."
8. — " Surely hath-he-not-been into-an-idol converted
" By-the-pen-of the-idolatry-of writers ?"
The pen of idolatrous writers changed Jehovah
into an idol, asserting, that under the image of the
idol Jehovah was the object of their worship.
10. See vi. 13.
14. The prophet speaks, v. 15, beginning refers
to the deceitful consolations, vi. 14. repeated v. 11.
" Expectation-hath -been for-prosperity ; but-far-from
" a-good-expectation :
" For-a-time-of healing; but-is-it-not terror?
16. From Dan. See iv. 15.
17. Jehovah. 18 to ix. 6. The prophet. 19. See
Dr. Blayney.
22. — " Surely wherefore bath-not advanced
" The-recovery-of the-daughter-of my-people ?"
Ch. IX. 7. Jehovah. 10. The prophet. 11. Je
hovah. 12 to x. 18. The prophet in the name of Je
hovah. f Mr. Parkhurst. Usually Topheth. See Is. xxx. 33 ; xxxi. 9.
X Mr. P.

OF JEREMIAH. 219
2.—" Surely all-of-them are- + adulterers ;
" An-assembly-of perfidious-persons."
3.  " Idolatry, even-not the-faithful-promise,
" Hath-prevailed in-the-land :"— —
4.  " Even-every companion will-attend-to merchan-
" dize."
5, — " They-have-habituated tbeir-tongue to-address an-
" idol :
" They-have-practised perverseness, neither bave-
" they-been-weary.
6. " Thine-babitation-is in-the-midst-of deceit : tbrough-
" deceit
" Have-they-refused to-know the Jehovah."
8. " An-arrow that-woundeth is-tbeir-tongue : —
9. The same as V. 9. and 29.
10. " Upon thermountains will-I-lift-up
" Weeping, even-wailing : even-upon the-pastures-of
" Tke-plain lamentation : surely kave-tkey-been-
" X overgrown,
" For-want-of anyrone passing ;
" Neither have-they-beard the-voice-of cattle.
" Both-the-fowls-of the-heavens and-also the-beasts
" Have-flownraway, even-have-gone * all-together."
12. — " Wherefore kath-been-destroyed the-land?
" Hath-it-been-overgrown as-a-plain, for-want-of a-
" passer-through ?
21. Transpose the first of v. 22.
— " it-hatb-ordered to-be-cut-off
" The-children from-the-street, the-young-men from-
" the-broad-places."
24. " But in this let-boast-himself
t Idolaters ; as the parallel shows. | Mr. Parkhurst. * Conj.

220 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" He:who-boasteth-himself ; m-understanding, even*.
" in-knowing me :
" Surely I-am Jekovah, wko-promote
" t Paternabaffectian, written-law, even-acquittal in-
" the-land :
" Surely m-tkese have-I-deligkted."
Ch. X. 7.
" Who will-not fear-thee, who-rulest
" Over-the-nations ; wken unto-thee he-shall-ap-
" proack ?
" Surely among-all tke-kings-of the-nations,
" Even-in-all their-kingdoms no-one-is like-tkee."
9. — " Even-gold from-Opkir, even-tke-finest-gold ;" —
10. " But-Jehovah the-god-of the-faithful-promise is-
"he:
" A-living God, even-a-king-of ancient-time :
" Wken-ke-is-angry the-earth trembleth ;
" Neither can-endure the-nations his-indignation."
The Chaldee v. 1 1 . Dr. Blayney rightly esteems an
interpolation. The latter part of v. 13 is Ps. cxxxv. 7. believed to
have been also written, not by David, but by Jere
miah. Of the prophets having been the authors of
the book of Psalms, see the theory stated at large in
Sermon on Fast, 1808,
14, " Is-become-stupid every man by-want-of-knowledge;
" Is-put-to-shame every plater by-the-graven-image^
" Surely idols have-they-overlaid ;
f Neither is-breath in-tbcm."
X See Sermon on Fast, 1808,

OF JEREMIAH. 2gl
17. The prophet to the daughter of Sion.
" Collect-thou from-the-country thy-property :
" * Even-dwell-thou, daughter, in-a-fortress."
19 — 25. The daughter of Sion speaks.
19.—" Surely this-is an-afBiction, whick-I-kave-suffered."
24. " Ckastise4kou-me, Jehovah, at-least in-written-
" law,
"Not in-thine-anger ; lest thou-reduce-me-very-
" small.
25. " Pour-out tky-wratk upon the-nations,
" Which have-not acknowledged-tkee ;
" Even-upon the-families which
" On-thy-name have-not called.
" Surely they-bave-devoured Jacob :
" Even his-dwelling-place have-they-made-desolate."
This last verse, occurring also in Ps. lxxix. 6, 7,
affords a presumption of Jeremiah having been the
Asaph, who composed the psalm. See Fast Sermon,
1808. Ch. XI. 1 — 17. The prophet in the name of Je
hovah. 9. " Also-hatk-spoken Jekovah unto-me ;
" ' Is-discovered a- + league amongst-the-men-of
" < Judah,
" ' Even amongst-tke-inkabitants-of Jerusalem,
10. " ' They-have-returned unto the-idolatries-rof
" i Their-forefathers who refused
" ' To-hearken unto my-words.' "
13. — " ' Ye-have-set-up altars to-that-which-shameth ;¦—
?' ' Altars to-ofier-by-fire unto-Baal.'"
* Conj. t Isaiah viii. 12.

222 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
15.  " < Shall- vows, even-* flesh,
" ' Pass as-an-holy-thing from-tbee ?
" ' When thine-evil-disposition-is, sbalt-thou-then
" exult ?
16 " ' An-olive-tree luxuriantly-growing, texceedingly-
" ' beautiful in-form,' "—
18 — 20. The prophet concerning his townsmen
of Anathoth.
18. " Jehovah-also hath-apprised-me, that-I-might-
" know :
" Tken didst-thou-show-to-me their-perverse-prac-!
" tices.
19. " For-I-was asra-lamb, |or-as-an-ox,
" Even-that-is-led to-slaugbter ; neither knew-I,
" That against-me they-had-laid plots; (saying,)
" Let-us-destroy the-^tree in-itsrnutrirnent ;
" Even-let-us-eut-him-off from4he-land-of the-living:
" Tbat-his-name may-not be-remembered any-more.
20. " But- Jehovah ! judge-thou him-who-is-|| acquitted;
" prove-tkou
" The-reins, even-tke-keart : Ilet-me-see thy-ven-
" geance
•" Upon-them : surely unto-thee
" Haverl-laid-open my cause."
* Hendiadys. Sacrifical flesh vowed.
X Read the word with its gemination of the two first radicals,
as in Ps. xiv. 3.
X Mr. P. § The prophecy in the prophet.
|| Of idolatry.
V Prophetic imperative ; as also the two last verbs of xii. 3. ,
Ps. xxxv. 4 — 12. seem future relatives, spoken of past time ; not
imperatives. Ps. lxix. 23 — 29, are futures and imperatives, used pro
phetically. Ps. cix. 5. 18. appear, the former verses by Jeremiah's
enemies at Anathoth ; and from v. IS, by Jeremiah prophetically.

OF JEREMIAH. 223
Ch. XII. 1—4. The prophet. 5, 6. Jehovah. 7—
11. The prophet, concerning himself. 12 — 17. The
prophet, concerning his country.
" An-+acquitter art-thou, Jehovah !
" Therefore let-me-plead before-thee :
" Surely written-laws would-I-pronounce unto-thee.
" Wherefore bath-the-way-of idolaters prospered ?
" Have-been-at-ease all revolters in-revolt ?"
3. " Even-hast-thou, Jehovah, known-me :
" Tkou-canst-discern-me, because-thou-hast-proved
" mine-heart (d.) :
" Draw-thou-them-out as-sheep for-slaughter :
" Even-destine-thou-them to-a-day-of carnage.
4. " How long sball-mourn the-land ?
" Even-shall-the-grass-of every field wither ?
" On-account-of-the-wickedness-of tke-dwellers in-it
" hath-been-swept-away
" Every-beast, even-birds; because-they-(the dwell-
" ers)-have-said ;
" He-will-not see our latter-end.
5. " If with men-on-foot thou-hast-run
" Until-they-have-wearied-tbee ; then-how wilt-thou-
" fret-thyself
" With horses ? Even-if-in-a-Iand-of prosperity
" Thou hast- X not confidence,
" Then-how wilt-thou-do in-the-swelling-of Jordan ?
6. "If also thy-brethren,
" Even-the-representatives-of tby-father, also these
" Have-been-unfaithful against-thee, alto these
" Have-hooted behind-thee loudly ;
" Rely-thou not upon-them,
" That they-will-speak to-tky-face friendly."
f So Ps. cxvi. 5 ; cxlv. 17, the active sense. X Ee Clerc.

224 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
7 — 12. The praeters are prophetic; as also are the
imperatives in 9 and 13. In v. 7, as at ix. 2., the
prophet seems to speak concerning himself. Dr.
Blayney thought otherwise.
" 1-have-abandoned mine + bouse:
" I-have-relinquished mine heritage :
" I-bave-surrendered that-wbich-is beloved,
" My-person, into-the-hands-of its-enemies.
8. " Hath-been to-me mine-heritage as-a-lion :
" In-the-forest she-hath-exerted against-me her-
" voice :
* For that have-I-hated-her.
9. " As-the-ravenous-bird Tseboa bath-mine- J heritage
" been-to-me :
" Ye-ravenous-birds ! round-about against-her come-
"ye!
" Assemble-ye, ah ye-beasts-of the-field !
" Come-ye to-devour-her, ye-shepherds! (vi. 3.)
10. " Many have-destroyed my-vineyard :
" They-bave-trodden-under-foot my portion :
" They-have-reduced the portion-of
" My-desire into-a-wilderness-of desolation.
11. " They-have-made-it a-desolation : it-is-§ destroyed
" on- j| mine-account :
" Thoroughly desolate-is-become all the-Iand ;
" But where-is a-man
" Who-layelh-it unto heart ?
12. " Upon all the-plains in-the-wilderness
•f At Anathoth.
X The prophet compares his townsmen of Anathoth with a ra
venous bird : and prophetically invokes other ravenous birds, tha
Chaldeans, against them.
§ LXX. || xi. 22.

OF JEREMIAH. 225
" Have-come the-spoilers : surely the-sword
" By-Jebovah's-appointment hath-devoured, from-
" one-end-of tbe-land
" Even-unto the-other-end-of the-land:
" No prosperity bath-any flesh.
13. " Sow-ye (LXX) wheat : but-thorns reap-ye :
" Inherit-ye ; but-be-ye»not advantaged, even-be-ye-
" ashamed
" By-the-loss-of-your-crops, because-of-the-fierceness-
" of the-wrath-of Jehovah."
14.  ¦" alt my-neighbours, the-shepkerds, (v. 9.)—
— " Even-the representatives-of Judah (d.) from-the-
" midst-of-them ?"
17. " But-if they -will-not hearken unto-me*,
" Tken-will-I-root-up the nation
" That ; rooting-up, even-destroying."
Ch. XIII. The reign of Jehoiakim. The prophet
in the name of Jehovah, concerning the invasion by
Nebuchadnezzar, 1 — 14.
9. — u Even-the transcendent excellency-of Jerusalem."
10. Public translation preferred.
11. — "So would-I-have-caused-to-cleave unto-me—:
 " but-they-have-not hearkened."
12. — " Let-every vessel be-filled with-wine:"
15 — 21. The prophet exhorts, in his own name, to
return from idolatry. 16. The distress of the flight
from Jerusalem described : the mountains and distant
country affording no security.
16. " Ascribe-ye to-Jehovah your-God glory,
" Before it-be-dark ; even-before stumble
* Conj.
2 a

226 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Your-feet upon the-mountains-of duskiness :
" So-tkat-when-ye-sball-look for-light, even-there
" (Di5?) shall-be-to-you
" Tbe-shadow-of-death ; even-shall-* tbey-be-settled
" into-thick-darkness.
17. " But-if ye-will-not bear;
" Whefther-in-concealment sball-weep my-soul ?
" Or-from-forth-of its-body sball-it-sbed-abundant
"tears?"
20 — 27. To Jerusalem.
21. — " wko-tkyself kast-taught them
" Against-thyself, the-directors of-thy-government ?"
23. Interrogatively throughout.
" Can-change a-Cushite his-skin? even-a-leopard
" His-spots ? Also with-them
" Canst-tkou-prevail to-do-good, who-have-learned
"to-do-evil?"
24 — 27. The prophet, in the name of Jehovah.
27. (See iii. 1. 9., v. 7. 8. xxix. 23.) Tkine-adulteries,
" even-thy-neigbings
" Thou-hast-de vised; thy-prostitutions upon the-hills:
" In-the-fields I-have-seen thine-abominations.
" Woe is-unto-thee ! thou-wilt-not be-clean,
" Jerusalem! how long dclayest-tkou ?" (trs.)
Ch. XIV.
1. — " Upon the-occasion-of tke-great-drougkt.
2. " Hath-mourned Judah, even-its-gates
* The mountains.

OF JEREMIAH. 227
"Have-greatly-languisked; tkey-have-been-dark to-
" wards-tke-land ;
" Even-hatb-the-cry-of Jerusalem ascended.
3. " Even-its-nobles (LXX.) have-sent their-children"—
4. — " Even-because-no rain'' —
5. " Surely also the-hind
" *Her-young bath-brougbt-forth, even-hath-for-
" saken;"—
7 — 9. The prophet addresses Jehovah in behalf of
the people. " Although our-idolatries"— —
8. " Expectation-of Israel ! its-restorer
" In-time-of distress !" 
9. — •" If-thou-art in-the-midst-of-us,"—  " neglect-thou-us not."
10 — 12. Jehovah, in reply to the prophet.
— " their-feet they-bave-not refrained ;
" Although- Jehovah caused-tkem-not to-run :
" Now will-ke-remember their-idoktry j
" Even will-he-punish their-sin."
11, end. — " +to-benefit-them."
13. The prophet to Jehovah.
— " Do-not the-prophets say"—-
— " Surely the-prosperity-of the-faithful-promise
" I-will-give to-you in-this place?"
14 — 18. Jehovah, in reply,
— " X By-an-idol the-prophets prophesy in-my-
" name :—
* Dr. B. f Or, to befriend tliem. So also xv, 11. xxiv,5.6,
X v. 31. xx. 6. xxiii. 13. xxix. 9. 21. 23, 31.

228 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
— " A-vision-of * idolatry, —
— " Tkey are-continually-propkesying to-you."
16, end. " Even-will-I-pour upon-tkem their calami-
" ties."
18. " Whenever I-have-gone-forth into-the-field,
" Then-have-not-been tbe-slain-by the-sword ?
" Even-whenever I-bave-entered into-the-city,
" Then-kave-not-been the-devastations-of famine ?
" Surely also the-prophet,
" Also the-priest have-turned-traffickera
" Over tke-country ; neitker kave-tkey-regarded."
19 — 22. The prophet to Jehovah. End of v. 19,
see viii. 15.
20. " We-bave-acknowledged, Jekovak, our-guilt, tbe-
" idolatry-of
" Our-fathers: surely we-have-smned against-thee."
21. The metre rejects nx
22. " Is among-the-idols-of the-nations tone-wko-caus-
" etk-rain ?"
Ch. XV. 1 — 9. Jehovah to the prophet, and (vv.
5. 6.) to Jerusalem.
6. " Thou hast-forsaken me :
" Tken-backward wentest-thou (fut. rel.) :" —
7. " I-have-been-weary of-leaving-tbem-to-them-
" selves :" —
8. — " I-have-brougbt against-tbem,
" Against their-metrapolis a-cboice destroyer :
* That these idolatrous prophets prophesied falsely, is declared
in this latter end of the verse.
t LXX.

OF JEREMIAH. 229
" At-noon-day kave-I-made-to-fall upon-it
" Suddenly an-enemy, even-a-very-terrible-one."
9. — " She hath-panted-for-breath : hath-gone-down
" her-sun," —
10. The prophet's exclamation. 11 — 14. He ad
dresses Jerusalem in the name of Jehovah. 15 — 18.
The prophet to Jehovah in his own behalf. 19 — 21.
Jehovah replies.
10. " Woe unto-me, my-*mother !" (Jerusalem)
— " Not-tbat I-have-lent, or-that others-have-lent
" For-my-advantage ; yet-all-of-them bave-cursed-me.
11. " Have-I not attended-upon-thee ?
" Have-I not placed-myself-in-the-way before-thee?
" In-the-time-of evil, even-in-the-time-of distress,
" To-befriend-thee (trs.) against the-enemy?
12. " Can-any-one-break-in-pieces tiron (d.) from-tke-
" north, even-brass?
13. — " not in-exchange,
" But-on-account-of-all thy-sins," —
14. — " Surely' a-fire hath -been -kindled :
" In-mine-anger ^for a-long-time-to-come skall-it-
" burn."
15. — •" Within the-forbearance-of thine-anger compre-
" hcnd-thou-me :
" Becognise-tbou my-having-undergonc. on-thine-ac-
" count reproaches.
16. " Have-been-found thy -words ; even-bave-I-compre-
" hended-them :" —
17.  " because witb-bitterness (LXX) hast-thou-
" filled-me."
* Or, metropolis, v. 8. f Nebuchadnezzar.
$ Dr. K. (as at 18.) and xvii. 4.

230 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
18. " Altogether hath-*it-been to-me a-deceiver (trs.) ;
" As waters wbich-have-not been-constant."
19. -t-" Tbe-precious from-the-vile ;" —
the word no more to be offered to those who had re
fused it.
Ch. XVI. The prophet in the name of Jehovah
denounces invasion and captivity throughout the
chapter, with an intermediate prediction of restora
tion, vv. 14, 15, and 19.
4. " By-deatbs-of wasting-sicknesses tkey-skall-die :"—
5. -— " Enter-thou not into-the-house-of tumult :
" Even-go-thou not unto-him-wbo-is-bewailed :
— " Surely I-kave-withdrawn my prosperity
" From this people,
" The paternal-affection, even-tke tendernesses."
13, end. — r" on-account-of-whom
" I-will-not extend to-you kindness."
14, 15. For the acknowledgement of Jehovah, as
the only true God, see iv. 2, v. 2, and xxiii. 7. Country
of the north, Babylon.
16. Fishers and hunters, their Babylonian enemies.
17. end,.d. Htb.
" Neither-is-concealed tkeir-idolatry from-tbe-sight-
" of mine-eyes."
19, — " Truly t idols have-our-fathers inherited ;
" Vain-gods, even-is-not amongst-tkem one-wko-can-
" profit."
* It, my wound. See also, for the right division of the verb
mbstantive, Kennicott, State of the Heb. Text, p. 512.
f Restored Israel and Judah were to make this complaint of
;he ancient propagation of idolatry.

OF JEREMIAH. 231
Ch. XVII. Denunciation continued, generally to
the end of v. 13.
4. " Even-will-I-dismiss thy-supply " — Ps. Iv. 23.
5. — " Cursed-is the-warrior, who trusteth
"In-human-force;" Jehoiakim.
7. " Blessed-is the-warrior, who trusteth
" In-Jekovak ;" a pure worskipper.
9, 10, 11. Jehoiakim the object of censure.
9. — " Even-subject-to-infirmity it-is :"
11. — " In-the-midst-of his-days he-shall-be-deserted :
" Even-in-his-latter-end ke-skall-be rejected :
12. " A-throne-of glory elevated,
" From-tbe-begmning-bath-been the-place-of our-
" sanctuary.
13. " Expectation-of Israel, Jehovah !" xiv. 8.
— " Surely they-kave-forsaken a-fountain,
" Living waters, the Jehovah."
14 — 18. The prophet addresses Jehovah in his
own behalf. " Restore-tbou-me,that-I-may-be-restored: (d. LXX.
" Al.) tbe-object-of-my-praise art-thou.
15. " Do-not these say unto-me,
" Where-is the-word-of Jehovah ? let-it-come
(d. LXX).
16. " But-I have-not hastened
" The-*day-of adversity in-following-tkee :
" Even-tke-day-of infirmity I-have-not desired :"
18. " Let-be-confounded my-persecutors ; but-let-not be-
" confounded
" Myself: let-be-dismayed them ;
" But-let-not be-dismayed myself."
• Conj. Seevv. 17, 18.

232 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Dr. Blayney has distributed thesei three lines into
two of five words each, according to Bp. Lowth?s
system: but, the above distribution, affording a va
riety in the verses running one into the other, is ac
cording to the metrical theory proposed in the Intro
duction. Ch. XVIII. 7. The metre requires the infinitive to
be added, which is supplied by Ch. i. 10.
¦ " even-to-overtkrow ;
8. " Even-skall-turn tkat nation from-its-wickedness,
" On-account-of-which I-kave-spokeri agaihst-it,
" Tken-will-I-alter concerning the-evil
" Which I-had-tbought to-do unto-it."
12. " But-they-said, *Tkere-is-an-end:"—
13. — " Who hath-beard such horrible-deeds,
" As*katk-practised outrageously tbe-virgin-of tls*
" rael ?
14. " Can-fail from tbe-rock the* j supply,
" The-snow-of Lebanon ? Can be-exhausted
" Tht-ciiitant v. •to-'- fhe-lovi-g rtrpaivr?
if "Surely have-jj;^ien-;..<: .i.y-j oo;it :
" 'io-idols % bave-lhey-offered-bk -fire : even-have-
" caused-them-to-stumble in-their-ways
" Paths-of ancient-use ; after-they-kad-gone in-paths-
"of
* We will nol try. See Is. lvii. 10. and Jer. ii. 25.
•j- The virgin of Israel must mean Judah ; whose distrust of the
continuance of Jehovah's paternal care, whose ingratitude, idolatry,
and seemingly inveterate and almost incorrigible perverseness, with
the punishment consequent upon it, are expressed by the prophet ia
the name of Jehovah in vv. 13 — 17-
X What is sufficient. $ Fut. rel.

OF JEREMIAH. 233
" A-road not thrown-up ;
16. " After-they-had-made their-land an-astonishment ;
" An-hissing for-a-long-time-to-come.
" Every-one, who-passeth over-it,
" Shall-be-astonished, even-skall-shake his-head :
17. " As-with-an-east wind will-I-scatter-them before-me:
" The-enemy the-back, even-not the-faces,
" Will-I-make-to-see-of-tkem, in-tke-day-of their-
" destruction."
21. Prophetic imperatives. See the like impreca
tions noted xi. 20.
— " Even-let-tbeir-men be slaughtered by-massacre;"—
23. See Is. xxxviii. 1. for the importunate word
there and here rejected by the metre.
Ch. XIX. The prophet in the name of Jehovah.
11. *Topheth.
Ch. XX. 6.  ¦ — -" tky-friends, whom
" Unto thou-hast-prophesied +by-an-idol."
7. The prophet, having suffered cruel opposition
from Pashur, (see v. 2.) addresses Jehovah in this
verse and in the 12th, intermediately expressing both
his distress and his confidence. The LXX have in
v. 7. led the way to very faulty versions.
* See Ps. lxxix. 1—3, and The Everlasting Fire of the Atha-
nasian Creed, a sermon.
f See ch. v. ver. 31, xiv. 14, and note there. Thus also had
prophesied the prophets of Baal. For the addressers of the idol,
and swearers in presence of an idol, see ch. v. ver. 2. and ch. vii.
4. 9. also Ps- lxiii. 12, and ci. 10.
2 H

234 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Tkou-didst-persuade-me, Jehovah, even-was-I-per-
" suaded:
" Thou-didst-encourage-me, even-didst-prevail : I-
" have-been
" A-ktughing-stock every day :
" Ridicule hatk-been-completed against-me.
8. " Surely as-often-as I-speak,
" As-often-as-I-loudly-announce tvioleace, even-pro-
" claim devastation,
"Surely is tke-word-of
" Jehovah against-me a-reproach,
" Even-a-derision every day.
9. " Therefore-have-I-thought, I-will-not mention-it;
" Neither will- I-speak any-more in-the-name-of-it :
" Then-hath-it-been in-mine-beart as-a-fire burning,
" Being-pent-up within-my -bones : even-bave-I-been-
" weary
" With-contaiuing ; neither have-I-been-able.
10. " Surely I-have-heard the-babbling-of many ;
" A-Jbanisher-of all-around announce-ye:
" Even-let-us-announce-it-against-him : every man,
" *Observe-ye the-baltings-of bis-prosperity !
" Perhaps he-may -be-persuaded ; so-that-we-may-
" prevail over-him,
f To be endured. See vi. 6, 7. and Is. x. 1, 2. Dr. Blayney
ia his Appendix corrects his first translation, which tends, as the
old versions do in various places, to convert calamities to be suffer
ed by the people of Judah into actions supposed to be committed
by them.
X The LXX favour this interpretation. So also v. 4. Magor-
missabib, or Pashur, was to be a cause of banishment to himself
and to all his friends. This sentence of exile the enemies of Jere
miah seem, in ver. 10, to have retorted upon himself, in expecta
tion that he would fall from his own confidence.
* Conj.

OF JEREMIAH. 235
" Even-that-we-may-take our-revenge of-him.
II. " But-Jehovah-is on-my-side, as-a-formidable chani-
" pion:
" Therefore shall-my-persecutors stumble,
" Neither shall-they-prevail : they-bave-been-asham-
" ed exceedingly :
" Surely they-have-not prospered :
" Their-ancient confusion sball-not-be forgotten.
12. "But-Jehovah! prove-thou him-who- is-* acquitted;
" discern-tbou" —
13. The prophet exults in an especial preservation;
and 14 — 18, poetically laments his birth.
" Sing-ye to- Jehovah; praise-ye him (d.):
" Surely he-hath-delivered the life-of
" Tbe-needy out-of-the-band-of evil-doers.
14. " Cursed + -be the-day which
" 1-was-born upon: the-day
" Upon-which bare-me my-mother
" Let-not be blessed.
15. " Cursed-be the-man who
" Brought-the-good-news to my-father, saying,
" ' Is-born to-thee a-son
" ' X Likely -to-live,' affordbig-to-bim-great joy.
}6. " Even-let-be that man as-the-cities,
" Which Jehovah overthrew,
" Neither altered, when-was-beard tke-outcry
" In4be-morning, even-tbe-sbouting at-the-time-of

* See xi. 20, with the notes thereon. Dr. Blayney, in this verse,
varies from the parallel passage, expressing the prophetic future
instead of the prophetic imperative there given.
f On this poetical lamentation, see Dr. Blayney.
X See Mr. Parkhurst on the word.

236 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
17. " *Because he-did-not slay-me from-the-womb,
" Nor-was to-me my-motber my-grave,
" Even-the-womb-of her-wko-conceived-me a-con-
" cealment.
18. " Wherefore tkis from-the-womb came-I-forth,
" To-experience disquietude, even-sorrow ;
" So-that-should-be-consumed m-shame my-days?"
Ch. XXI. respects the following reign of King
Zedekiah, and therefore stands at a distance in Dr.
Blayney 's fnew order of arrangement.
Ch. XXII. to the end of v. 8. of ch. xxiii. Dr.
Blayney rightly esteems one continued prophecy;
the former ch. respecting the reigning family of Ju
dah, and the latter containing a comparison between
them and the king of the family of David, who after
the restoration from captivity, was to reign over both
Israel and Judah.

*

Secker.

t

Ch. xxii. p

. 58.

xxiii.

61.

XXV.

66.

xxvi.
69.
xxxv.
71.
xxxvi.
73.
xiv.
76.
xxiv.
77.
xxix.
78.
xxx.
80.
xxxi.
83.
xxv^i.
88.
xxviii.
90.
Ch. xxi.
p. 92.
xxxiv.
93.
xxxvii.
95.
xxxii.
97.
xxxiii.
101.
xxxviii.
104.
xxxix.
107.
xl.
108.
xii.
110.
xlii.
112.
xliii.
114.
xliv.
115.
xlvi.
118.
For the paging of the same chapters in these sheets, see the end.
OF JEREMIAH. 237
3. " Thns hath-spoken Jehovah ;
" Practise-ye written-law, even-* acquittal:
" Even-+deliver-ye tke-spoiled out-of-the-kand-of
" tke oppressor :
" Even-the-sojourner, tke-fatberless, even-the-widow
" Yield-ye not, neither surrender-ye-to-violence :
" Neither (trs.) the-blood-of ^innocents
" Sked-ye in-this place,"
6. " Surely this hath spoken Jehovah
" Concerning the-house-of the-king-of Judah ;
" §Gilead although-thou-art, tke-j| kead-of Lebanon
" I-will surely make-tkee,
" A-flpasturage-of cities not inkabited."
10 — 12, Jehoaha?. 13—19, Jehoiakim. 20—22,
the captive family. 23, the queen mother, widow
of Jehoiakim. 24 — 30, King Jeconiah, her son.
11. " the-**fate-of the-son-of Josiah" —
l§. " Woe unto-kim-wbo-buildeth his-house

* From idolatry and disobedience to the commandments of Je
hovah. f This and the two following lines appear commands in the na
ture of a promise, that, if they would reform, they and their
countrymen should all be delivered from the oppressor, Nebuchad
nezzar. See iv, 14.; vi, 8.; and vii, 29.
X In the valley of the son of Hinnom, xix. 4,j and see Sermon
on the Everlasting Fire of the Athanasian Creed, 1808.
§ Most fruitful and abundant,
|| The largest trees, to be cut down. See v. 7. and d. Yod.
f The Chaldee sense of tire word, the Chaldees being the in
struments of desolation. See also v. 5,
** See Mr, Parkhurst on tJVttf.

238 readings' and interpretations
" Witkout-regard-to - + acquittal; even-kis-upper-a-
" partments
" Without-regard-to X written-law:"
15, " ^ Is-perfection to-thee, when thou
" Makest-thyself-hot under-the-cedars-of thy-fatker ?
" *Not in-eating, or-in-drinking :
" But-in-practising written-law, even-acquittal,
" *Was-not excellence in-his-esteem ?
16. " To-maintain the-cause-of the-afflicted, even-of-the
" needy,
" Then excellence was-not this,
" The-acknowledgement-of me, saith Jehovak ?
18. — " ker-glory !" the queen, v. 23.
19. — " pulled-in-pieces," xv. 3.
20. " Ascend-thou,thou-[| Lebanon! even-cry-tbou : even-
" in-Basban
" Utter-tbou thy-voice; even-cry-thou ; on-account-
" of-5those-who-pass:
" Surely have-been-broken all thy friends.
g]# « **When-I-spake unto-thee". 
22. " Because thou-hast-not hearkened unto-my -voice,
" All *thy-companions sball-a-blast devour," —
— " on-account-of-all thy-calamity."
f From idolatry."
X Which prohibited every species of idolatry in four of the ten
commandments, 1st, 2d, 3d, and 9th. See N. on vii. 4. 9.
§ Art thou as a king of Judah ought to be, when thou inflamest
thyself with eating and drinking beneath the cedars preserved to
thee by thy father ?
* Conj.
|| Jehoiakim's house, built of cedar, vv, 6. 7. 14. 15, See also
Is. x. 34. interpreted p. 55. The house is poetically invoked in
stead of its inhabitants. See v. 23.
f The Babylonian destroyers, v. 7. ** Conj,

OF JEREMIAH. 239
23. " Tkou-*inbabitress in-Lebanon, who-hast-made-thy*
" nest in-cedars,
" How wilt-thou-+groan, when-come upon-tkee
" Sorrows, tke-pain as-of-a:woman-in-travail !"
24, last verb. Change of person frequent with the
Hebrew writers. As the object is here changed from
the third to the second, in which it continues to
v. 27, it is there altered back again to the third.
26. LXX and metre reject mnx.
28. " Is-an-idol despised broken
" Tkis man Coniak ?
" Is-ke a-vessel which-hath-notbing (d.) in-it?
" Wherefore have-tbey-been-cast-forth ; he, even-his-
" seed ?
" Even-kave-been-thrown upon the- X land,
" Which they -have-not known?
29. " §Land, land, land!
" Hear-thou the-word-of Jehovah.
30. " Thus bath-spoken Jekovah; Write-||thou,
" Tkat this man shall-be-an-f outcast,
" A-warrior who-shall-not prosper in-his-days :
" Surely shall-not prosper
" Of-bis-seed any-one, sitting
" Upon the-throne-of David ;
"Even-ruling any-more over-Judah:"
Ch. XXIII. As in the preceding, the prophet in
the name of Jehovah.

* Jehoiakim's queen. See v. 18. f LXX. X Babylon.
§ Judah. || LXX. f LXX.

240 READINGS AND INTERPRETATION^
I. "Ho! * shepherds '*— •
4, end. — " neither shall- they -be- 1 missing.
5. " Are-not the-days coming,
" When-I-will-raise-up to-David a-branck % ac*
" quitted ;
" When-shall-reign a-king, even-shall-prosper ;
(x. 21.)
" Even-shall- § practise written-law, even-acquittal
" in-the-land ?
6. " In-his-days shall-be-restored Judab ;
" Even-Israel shall-dwell in-confidence :
" Even-this-is his-name, whereby
" He-shall-be-called, Jehovah bath-acquitted-us."
7. — " ||Liveth Jehovah," 
9 — 40. Jeremiah principally in the name of Jeho
vah against the idolatrous prophets. See ch. v. ver. 31.
" On-account-of4he-prophets hath-been-broken mine-
" heart within-me ;
" Have-been-shaken all my-bones :
" I-bave-been as-a-man intoxicated, even-as-a-migb ty-
"man
" Overcome by -wine ; because-of Jehovah,
Even-because-of the-Ispeakers-of his-pecubar-
people."

ii

* In this v. x. 21. and xxv. 34 — 36. they are the kings of
Judah ; and in iii. 15. they are the kings, which, after the restora
tion from Babylon, were to reign over the reunited Israel and Ju
dah : but, in vi. 3. and in xii. 9. 14. shepherds are the Babylonians.
f See public translation.
t Of idolatiy : \he shepherds in v. 4, and in iii. 15.
$ See xxii. 3.
|| For this form of swearing by Jehovah, see iv. 2„ v. 2., and the
parallel passage, xvi. 14.
f The idolatrous prophets of Judah.

OF JEREMIAH, 241
10. Adulterers, the prophetic term for idolaters.
See v. 14., iii. 1. 9., v. 7. 8., xiii. 27., xxix. 23. In
this and v. 14. Dr. Blayney misled by public trans
lation. — " so-that-bath-been the-running-upon-*them
" Calamitous, even-the-strength-of-them not certain."
1 1 . — *  " have-polluted (-me) :
" Also in-mine-house" —
13.  " impiety (LXX),
" Prophesying +by-Baal," —
14.  " an- X horrible-thing;
" Committing-adultery, even-proceeding in-confi-
" dence-of-an-idol ;
" Even-strengthening" —
15. — " Hath-gone-forth defilement over-all tbe-land."
16. — " Who-prophesy unto-you from-idols:
" They, uttering"—
17. (d.) " They-bave-declarcd " to-tbe-despisers-of tke-
" word-of Jehovah,
" ' Prosperity shall-be to-you ;'
" Even-to-every-one who-walketh after the-directions-
". of bis-own-heart, (d.)
" ' Shall-not come upon-you calamity.'
.19. — " even-a-whirlwind very-distressing ? xxx. 23.
" Upon the-head-of idolaters it-shall-be-painful."
20. — " in-the-succession-of
" The days ye-shall-diligently-consider, and-tho-
" roughly-comprehend-it."
23. "Thc-God near-at-hand §am-I;"— .
* The pastures. + See v. 31., xiv. 14., xx. 6., and xxix. 9. 21.
X The impiety in the preceding v. . The latter part of the next
line interprets the former. See v. 10.
§ LXX : butiAq. andSym. interrogatively.

242 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
25. — " The-prophets who-prophesy in-my-name by-an-
" *idol,"—
26. "How long shall-continue-the-sleeping-habit
" In-the-dispositions-of the-propbets, the-prophets-of
" the-idol," &c?
28. — " Let-him-relate the-words-of tbe-faithful-promise.
" What connection-hath-chaff with the- wheat?"
32. " Am-not-I against the-prophets-of
" Dreams in-confidence-of an-idol ? who-have-also-
" related-them ;
" Even-have-seduced my people by-tbeir-idols,
" Even-by-their-transgressions."
33. See v. 11. — " What-is the-+sentence-of Jehovah?
36. — " ^:when-ye-shall-pervert"—
40. — " a-reproack
" For-a-long-time-to-come, even-a-disgrace for-a-
" long &c."
Ch. §XXV. 9, end.
 " even-desolations for-a-long-time-to-come."
The term ' perpetual desolations' of the public
translation and Dr. Blayney being in this place sub
ject to contradiction ; the word is to be understood
in its finite sense. See it, with its prepositions, in
Is. xxvi. 4., xiv. 17., Ii. 6. 8., lvii. 15., and lxiv. 8.
29_^33. ' The earth' in the public translation and
* See vv. 13. 14. t Reproachful term for Word.
t When the Bible was to be translated, in the time of Cox, Bp.
of Worcester, he proposed that it should be all in one tense, and
rro inhhorn terms. See Abp. Newcome's Historical View of the
Bible Translation.
i) Ch. xxi v. postponed by Dr. B. according to- the order of time.

OF JEREMIAH. 243
Dr. Blayney is to be limited to the land of Judah and
the countries of the stfrrounding hostile nations.
34. 'Shepherds.' iii. 15., x. 21., xxiii. 1.
 « Surely *have-been-completed your-days for-
" slaughter ;
" Even-your-dispersions, tbat-ye-should-fall as-choice
" rams (LXX) :"
Ch. XXVI. v. 2. ' Princes/ instead of ' cities.'
Abp. S. by a change of letter.
11. *— " Let-the-written-law-be death to-this man," —
15. — " Surely in-the-faithful-promise"— iv. 14. vi. 8.—
19. " Did-even-think-of putting-bim-to-deatb — "?
22. ' f Adversaries.' Dr. B.
Ch. JXXXV. 19.
— " Shall-not be-cut-ofF a-man
" To-Jonadab the-son-of Rechab,
" From-his-station §ih-my -presence during-[|all tke-
" days."
Ch. XXXVI. 5.
— " I-am- 5 restrained," —
* Prophetic przter ; also verbs of vv. 36. 38.
X So also Is. xi. 15. ' the-oppressors their-enemies,' instead of
the tongue of the Egyptian sea : and here, not into Egypt. If two
letters have not been changed in the former word in Isaiah, it should
be rendered ' calumniators,' and derived from the same root as the
first word of Ps, ci. ver. 6.
X See Dr. B.'s arrangement in note ch. xxi.
$ Before me in my city Jerusalem.
|| Of the Babylonian invasions. But, xxxi. 36. xxxii. 39. all time.
5[ Not shut up, or confined ; but some prevention known to
both parties. Ch. xxxiii. 1. the court of the prison being added,
indicates confinement.

244 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
19.  " hide-tkou * thyself, ("jr\N)
" Thou, even -Jeremiah :" 
22. ' A-brasier.' Mr. Parkhurst.
23. — " Three or-four sentences,"
31, end. — " to-which-they-bave-not hearkened."
Ch. XLV. 5.
" Even-thou, dost-thou-seek for-thyself ?
"Great-things seek-tbou +not!"
Ch. J XXIV. 5, end.
— " to-benefit-them." See xiv. 11.
9. — " to-vexation, even-to-calamity,"
Ch. XXIX. 7, ' Peace.' Prosperity.
9. " Surely by-an-§idol they-prophesy " —
10. — " Tbe-fricndship,"— xiv. 11.
11. — " Intentions-of prosperity, even-not to-injure-you ;
" To-give to-you || a-future-time, even-expectation."
17. — " As-vinnewed figs," — Mr. Parkhurst.
23. " Because that they-have-practised
" An-abomination against-Israel ; even-have-been-
" I adulterers
" With the-wives-of their-neighbours ;
* Conj. f Thy life instead of spoil.
X Dr. B.'s arrangement.
§ See xiv. 14. Thus also 1 Kings, xxii. 22. 23. The breath of
an idol. Nothing, falsehood. Bui, in this last and original sense
the word is to be understood 2 K. ix. 12., Ps. xxxiii. 16, or 17, ar.d,
Jer. xxxvii. 14.
|| xxxi. 17., and Ps. Ixxi. 4. Verses 10, 11, explanatory of each
other. ' % iii. 1, 9., v. 7, 8., xiii. 27., xxiii. 10. 14.

OF JEREMIAH. 245
" *Even-have-deJivered a-propbecy in-my-natne
" by-an-idol;"—
26. — " any-one mad,
" tEven-who-pretended-prophecy ;" —
Ch. XXX. 3.
— " My-people Israel, even- X Judah."
5. — " A -voice-of trembling have-we-heard ;
" Terror, even-no prosperity.
6. " Ask-ye now, even-see-ye,
" Hath been-born §a-male?
" Wherefore have-1-seen every warrior
" With-his-hands upon bis-loins, as-a-woman-in-la-
" bour;
" Even-have-been-changed all faces into-paleness ?
7. " Alas! surely great-is
"That day, so-that-none-is like-it:
" Even-a-time-of distress it-is
" In-behalf-of Jacob, that-by-means-of-it he-may -be*
" restored."
9. ' They/ the people of || Jacob.
10- Compare Is. xliii. 1., xliv. 1. 2.
11. — " but-I-will-correct-thee Haccording-to-written-
"law;
* This line exegetic of the preceding. Wives of their neigh
bours, Babylonian and other idols. See also v. 9.
X Exegetic of the preceding. So 2 K. ix. 11, and Hosea, ix. 7.
X Exegetic, and the two tribes principally intended.
§ The consternation, at the taking of Babylon, was like that of
females. || ' David their king,' See Abp. Newcome on Hosea, iii. 5,
| x.'24,

246 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
,, " *Even-for-ever will-I-not clear-thee-away."
12. — "Mortal-is thy-t wound; painful-is tby-bruise:
13. " No-one undertaketh thy-concern for- X dressing :
" §No sanative is-applied to-thee.
14. — " Because hath-been-multiplied thine-idolatry;
" || Have-been- numerous thy-transgressions."
17. " HSurely will-I-make-to-** advance recovery unto
-thee;
" Even-from-thy-bruises will-I-heal-thee : although,
" outcast,
" They-have-called thee, Sion it-is,
" Regard no-one-hath for-her."
18. — " Even-shall-be-built the-city upon its-site;
" Even-the-palace upon its-ground-plot shall-be-re-
" stored."
19. ' ff Joyous.' Also xv. 17., xxxi. 4.
21. — " Even-will-I-bring-him-near, so-that-he-shall-ap-
" proach unto-me ;
" As-in-the-days when-^fhe himself engaged
" His-heart to-approach unto-me."
23. — " § § even-a-whirlwind very- violent." (Mr. P.)
Ch. XXXI. 2 — 22. concerning Ephraim only,
that is, Israel, or the ten tribes.
2. — " Hath-found favour in-the-wilderness
* Even-clearing-away. See Dr. B. and Mr. P. on the word.
f x. 19. xv. 18. X See Dr. B. § xlvi. 11.
|| See Abp. Secker in Dr. B.'s Appendix, and Amos, v. 3. quoted
in note, Introd. p. xx.
^j Transpose tuba in 16, four words beyond.
** viii. 22., xxxiii. 6.
ff Dr. B., who in the other passages gives the public translations.
XX The original Jacob. §j xxiii. 19.
1

OF JEREMIAH. 247
" A-people, relics-of tke-sword ;
" A-proceeding towards-his-restoration Israel ;
" * As-long-ago Jehovah appeared unto-him (LXX).
" For-with-a-love t of-long-standbig kave-I-loved-
" thee :
" Therefore have-I-lengthened-out-to-thee paternal-
" affection.
5. — — "surely ^is-come the-day!
6. " Proclaim-ye, ye- watchmen ! upon-the-mountam-of
" Ephraim ;"—
7. — " Shout-ye in-behalf-of- Jacob with-gladness !
" Even-exalt-ye-the- voice for-the- § chief-of tke-na-
" tions ! —
— " Restored hath-Jehovah thy-people,"—
9. — " in-a-way in-which (one MS.)" —
— " Even-Epbraim, my- 1| first-born is-he.
12. — " Even-f as-a-river-sball-tbey-flow unto him-wko-
" is-** bountiful,"—
— " Even-sball-be they as-a-garden well- watered ;
" Neither shall-they-again tt faint- witb-bunger any
more."

* Restorations from Egypt and Babylon, , through the wilder
ness, are frequently compared with each other : but the- particle of
similitude is not unusually omitted.
f Referring to the ancient restoration from Egypt. This limited
sense is frequent, and depends on the context. So, the last word
in the chapter.
X Prophetic.
§ Ephraim, son of Joseph, elder brother of Benjamin: thu*
Israel, chief of the two nations Israel and Judah.
|| The representative of Joseph, Rachel's eldest son ; and so
chief of the nations, v. 7. The nations, v. 10, Israel and
Judah. f Is. ii. 2. ** Ps. lxxxvi. 5. tf v. 25.

248 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
13. — " Even-tbe-young-men, even-the-old-men *shall-
" be-glad:"—
14. " Even-will-I-+ satiate the-persons-of tbe-priests with-
" fat ;
" Even-my-people with my-bounty shall-be-satisfied.
15. "Thus Jhath-spoken Jehovah;
" A-voice in-§ Ramah hath-been-beard,
" A-lamentation, a-weeping-of extreme-bitterness;
" Rachel, weeping for || her-children,
* LXX, and Abp. Secker. f v. 25.
X Ch. xxx. was equally spoken by Jehovah : but, by these words
something new is emphatically introduced.
§ ' Because-of-him Ramah is-terrified.' Is. x. 29. Sennacherib
passed through it in his route to Egypt. The city was in Benja
min, but on the border of the lot of the tribe of Ephraim, and
therefore a proper place for Rachel to pause in lamentation, after
having, as she is poetically supposed to have, arisen from her tomb
and surveyed the deserted state of the country, both of the ten
tribes, and of the two. Rachel may have there been buried ; as
Dr. Blayney asserts, probably from Jerome : and, as Abp. Secker
observes from ch. xl. 1, Nebuzaradan had the captives at Ramah.
|| Israel and Judah; the children of Rachel having been Joseph
(whose sons were Ephraim and Manasseh, representing Israel,) and
Benjamin, with whose tribe that of Judah was joined in the kingdom.
Dr. Blayney, on this verse,evinces much unbiassed integrity. It is in
deed to be apprehended, that the world is indebted to the Alexandrine
fathers, toJerome,and to the church of Rome.for the interpolations of
the artless narratives of the Evangelists with scraps from the Septua-
gint translation of the Prophets, introduced by assertions, that the
words of the prophets were fulfilled in the transactions narrated by
the Evangelists. See particularly Matth. i. 22, 23, and ii. 6. 16.
18. 'Dr. Eckermann, professor of divinity in the university of
• Kiel, extends the doctrine of accommodation' (interpolation is
presumed to be a more proper word) ' to every quotation in the
* New Testament, without exception, proceeding on the hypothesis
• that the Old Testament contains no prophecy, which literally and

OF JEREMIAH. 249
" Hath-refused to-be-comforted, (d.d.), because tbey-
" are-not.
16. "Thus *hath-spokeri Jehovak;
" Withhold-thoU thy-voice from-wecping,
" Even thine-eyes frdm-tears :
" Surely is a-reward for-thy-work ;
" Even-Tthey-shall- return out-of4be-tand-of the-ene-
"my:
17. "Even-is j: expectation for-thy-future-time i
". Even-shall-retnrn §the-children unto-their-border.
18. " I-baVe-certainly beard Ephraim bew'ailing-his-di-
" stress,
" ||As-a-steer 1tnot broken;
" ' Thou-hast-corrected-me, even-have- 1-beeii-correct-
" 'ed: restore-thou-me, that-I-raay-be-restored:
" ' Surely thou-art Jehovah my-God.
19. " ' Surely, after that-I-was-in-captivity (LXX),
" ' I-altered ; even-after that-I-was-admonished,
" ' I -lamented (LXX): on-account-of thine-** hand
• immediately relates to the person of Jesus Christ.' Marsh on
Michaelis, Introduction to the N. T. ch. v. sect. ii. See preceding
Interp. of Is. xl. 3. and Sermons, on Fast 1808, and on the Ever
lasting Fire of the Athanasian Creed, before quoted. But, the
preceding pages, 29, 80, 103, and 117, will prove the reluctance,
with which the accustomed mystical or double sense of prophecy
hath been relinquished.
* Listen and observe something of greater import than ten or
twenty children to be long afterwards massacred at Bethlehem.
Michaelis, Introd. by Marsh, ch. ii. sect, xi., and see first note on
v. 15.
t See again Dr. Blayney. X xx'x- !'• Pss. Ixii. 5., Ixxi. 4.
§ Promise of restoration, to both Israel and Judah, from their
captivities. U Transpose.
^f In the beginning of his captivity. See v« 19.
** Inflicting punishment. Conj. The lamentation of Ephraim
seems thus to proceed more naturally.
2 B.

250 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" ' I-have-been-asbamed~; even-also I-have-been-co-
" ' vered-with-confusion :
" ' Surely I-have-borne the-reproacb-of my-youth.'
20. " A-son precious unto-me *hath-been-Ephrabn?
" Ilath-he-been a-child-of + delights?
" Surely as-often-as I-speak concerning-him,
" Yet-again I-thoroughly t,recollect-him:
" Therefore have-been-moved my-bowels
" In-his-behalf; with-tbe-greatest tenderness-I-regard-
" him.
21. " Set-thou-up for-thyself § way-marks:
" Fix-thou for-thyself lofty-palm-trees :
" Place-thou thine-heart upon-the-causey :
" By-the-road, which-tljou^hast-travelled, return-
" thou :
" Virgin-of Israel! return-tbou
" Unto thy-cities, these !
22. " How long wilt-thou-withdraw-thyself,
" Thou- 1| revolted daughter! Surely createth
" Jehovah a-new-thing in-tbe-land ;
" fA-woman shall-be-transformed-into a- warrior.
23 — 26. Peculiarly concerning Judah ; and Je
hovah throughout the speaker, excepting of the cited
benediction, v. 23.
* Questions to be answered in the affirmative, said Dr. B.: but
see Is. lix. 1. The negative would glance at his past idolatries.
The same particles of interrogation are deliberative in 1 K. xxii. 3.
6. 15., not affirmative.
f Greatly beloved. J With paternal affection.
J Thorns. The distant appearance of lofty direction-posts across
the Deseit. Mr. Parkhurst says, Heaps.
|| See v. 20.
fl The weak virgin of Israel shall be powerful. See 5r. B. and
note en v. 15.

OF JEREMIAH. 251
— " Bless-tbee Jehovah, thou-habitation-of
" Acquittal ; thou-mountain-of the-peculiar-God !
21. " Evcn-sball-dffell in-Judah, even-in-all its-cities
" Shall-be-associated husbandmen; even-they-sball-
" travel witb-flocks :
25, " When *I-shall-have-satiated him-who-is thirsty;
" Even-every one who^faintetb-witb-hunger I-shall-
" have-filled.
26. " +On-account-of this have-^;I-awoke, even-bave-
" looked ;
" Even-my- % sleep katk-been-sweet unto-me."
27 — 40. Promises to the reunited kingdoms of Is
rael and Judah conjointly.
30. " But every-one || for-his-own-idolatry
" Shall-die: every man who-eateth
" The-unripe-grape, shall-be-set-on-edge his-feeth."
* Prophetic prater verbs in vv. 25,, 26. See also vv. 12. 14.
f To eifect the actions expressed v. 25.
X See the like anthropopathy, or human infirmity attributed to
Jehovah, Ps. lxxviii. 66. See also this Ps. and others claimed in
behalf of Isaiah and Jeremiah in the Sermons on Fast 1808, and
on the Everlasting Fire of the Athanasian Creed, before quoted.
See also Pss. xliv. 23. and cxxi. 4.
j Let the reader forgive the forestalment of his discovery of the
beauty with which the captivity of the beloved sons Ephraim and
Judah is described as the sleep of the paternally affectionate Jeho.
vah, a sleep that was sweet in the prospect of their speedy restora
tion. Writers of Greece and Rome ! surpass the divinely inspired
Jeremiah, if ye can. Critics of antiquity ! where have ye read an
equal passage ?
|| No more capuvity, punishing the innocent with the guilty, as
in public calamities ; or the' children for the sins of their fathers, a*
well as of themselves. See xvi. 19.

$52 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
34. — r-" Surely I-wilL-pardon their-idolatry ;"--•
36.  " also the-seed-of Israel
" Shall-cease frpm-being arnation
" Before-me *during-all the-days."
38- — " The-city tby-appointment-of-Jehovah,"— -¦
40, end, -r~',< forr+ aTlong-time- to-come ."
Ch. XXVII.
10. ." Surely by-an-idol they prophesy
" Unto-you ;"— xx. 6. &c. and vv. 14, 15, 16.
Ch. XXVIII.
8, end. " Of- war, eyen-of- § famine, even-of-pestilence."
9, end. " Hath-sent Jehovah with-a-faithful-proniise :"
J3.  LXX. " but-I-will-make" 
J5, end. — H upon an-idol." xxvii. 10.
16. - — " surely || apostasy
" Tbourbastrconceived against Jehovah.
Ch. XXI. 9, end.
" Even-shall-be to-him his-life instead-of-spoil. xiv. 5.
10. " Surely I-havc-placed "my-face
* This expression in xxxv. 19. respects the limited time of the
Babylonian invasions : here it denotes the less definite duration of
the sun, moon, and stars, v. 35. So xxxii. 39., and xxxiii. 18..
Dr. Jortin observes, that the expressions, * everlasting,' ' for ever,'
and ' without end,' are used, by sacred as well as profane authors,
in different senses, according to the subject to whjch they are applied,
Discourse IJ.I. concerning the Christian Religion.
f Dr. B. oniv. 12., xv. 8.
X Future limited time ; as in xxxi. 3. the word imports past li
mited time. See Dr. Geddes on Ps. cxv. 18.
§ See xxvii. 8. 13., xxxiv. 17., and Dr. Blayney's note.
|| A better known word preferred to Dr. B.'s Jess simple, b«*
Ciceronian, prevarication. Also xxix. 32.

OF JEREMIAH, £53
" Against-this city for-its-calamity,
" Certainly-not for-its-advantage :" — >-
12. " — Undertake-ye torseek written-law ;
" Even-*deliver-ye the-spoiled "— r-
14. •— " a-fire, twliich-shalh-burn.'' —
Ch. XXXVII,
14. —" It-is- + false,"
Ch. XXXII. 29, 30. Dr. B. is not so uniform as
the public translators ; who render a word in these
vv. the same as in vii. 18, 19 : in which latter vv, he.
more concisely renders it, vex.

39. — " during-^all tbe-days;"—
will -I -engage unto-thei
a- Jong-time-fo-cpme . ' '— -

40. " Even-will-I-engage unto-them in-a- 1| covenant for*

Ch. XXXIII. Restoration from captivity to both
Judah and Israel under one king, if not of the fa
mily of David, yet of the same tribe with him, that
of Judah. IS and 22 also incidentally the unin-r
Jerrupted restoration of the Levitical priesthood.
3. — " Even-things-shutrup, which-thoti-hast-not
" known."
4. — " Even-concerning tbe-bousesrof therkingsrof Ju-
" dab,
* A promise, as xxii. 3. f Dr- B.
X The word in thi? literal sepse, xl. 16., xliii. 2., 2 K. ix. 12,,
and Ps. xxxiii. 16.
§ All time. So xxxi. 36., and xxxiii. 18.
|| Perhaps, covenant of ancient time, passim. See xxxi. ,3.,
xlix. 13., 1. 5., Ii. 26. 62., and Is. xxiv. 5.

254 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Wbich-are-to-be-tbrown-down before the-mounis,
" Even before the-sword;
5. " Coming to-%ht-against-*them are-the Chal-
" deans,"—
— " I-bave-smitten " — Propb. praeter.
6. "Am-not-I about-to-make-to-advance to- tit reco-
" very,
" Even-healing ? even-I-will-heal-them, even-I-will-
" unfold to-them
" A-difFusion-of prosperity, even-of-the-faitbful-pro-
" raise."
8. — " their-idolatry," and, " their-idolatries," —
0. " Evenr+it-sh all-become to-me a-name,
" A-joy (LXX), a-praise, even-a-decoration," —
11, — " Surely beneficent-is Jehovah ;
" ^Surely for-a-long-time-to-come-is his-paternal-af-
" fection,"
12. — " An-habitation-of || shepherds folding sheep."
15, " In-those days, even-at-that time,
" Irwill-make-to-grow-up to-David a-branch-of ac-
" quittal ;
" Even-f it-shall-practise written-law even-acquittal
" in-the-land.
16. " In- those days shall-be-restored Judah;
" Even- ** Jerusalem shall-dwell in-confidence :
* The houses, f The city. X The city.
J The middle of these three words, which are the latter part of
ver. 1. of Pss. cvi. cvii, of vv. 1 — 4. 29. of Ps. cxviii. and of all
the verses of Ps. cxxxvi, may have a retrospective as well as a
prospective view, like the Latin olim, which is derived from it.
Then the rendering would be, Surely of old and fo- a ong time to
come is his paternal affection.
' |] iii. 15., xxiii. 4. But see note at xxiii. 1.
<jl The branch, as also the end of v. 16.
*¦* Belter, Israel, parallel passage, icxiii. .

OF JEREMIAH. §55
" Even-tbis-is tkatrwkick sball-be-called
" It, Jehovah batk-acquitted-us.
17. " Surely thus hatb-spoken Jehovah ;
" Shall-not' be-cut-off to-* David a-man
" Sitting upon the-throne-of (d. LXX.) Israel.
18. " Even-to-tbe-priests tbe-Levites shall-not be-cut-off
"A-man from-before-me offering burnt-offerings,
" Even-offering-by-fire meat-offerings, even-perfcrm-
" ing
" Sacrifice during- tall tke-days."
20. — " If ye-can -make-void my covenant,
" Tbc-day, even-my covenant,
"The-night; even-that-they-sbould-not be
" Daily even-nightly in-tbeir-scason ;
21. " Then-also my- X covenant shall-be-madc-void
" With § David my-servant,
* After the restoration from captivity, every successor of David
in the throne of Judah was also to reign over Israel then re
united with Judah. xxx. 9. Dr. Blayney speaks of a spiritual
sense and spiritualising : but, excepting a book be written profes
sedly on matters relating alone to the spirit or soul, what has any
man of good education to do with such words ? Spiritualising
miglit, indeed, befit the meridian of Alexandria in the ages of
Origen or Jerome, and not disgrace the theological learning of
England in the time of John Bunyan : but, the Hebrew prophets
dealt too much in matters of fact to, recognise the metaphysical
meanings of their Christian interpreters.
Vv. 17, 18. are two distinct prophecies : the former fulfilled by
the uninterrupted reunion of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah
after the Bahylonian captivity ; the latter by the equally uninter
rupted continuance of tire Jewish priests and Levites from the same
period. X All time. So xxxi. 36., xxxii. 39.
X Pss. lxxxix. 3. 30. 25., cxxxii. 11.
§ See xxx. 9., and Abp. Newcome on Hosea iii. 5. Also, as a

55S READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" That-sball-not-be to-<him *a-son
"Reigning upon his-throne;" —
22. —"The tseed^of David my-servant," —
24. — " The- 1 two families,"—
26, " Then-also tbe-seed-of Jacob,
" Even- § David my-servant will-I-reject ;"—
— " but I-will-reverse
" Their captivity; even-I-will-tenderly-regard-them.'*
Ch. XXXVIII.
4. — "Because (d.) thus he weakeneth" —
15, end. — (d.) " wilt-tkou-hearken unto-me?"
Ch. XXXIX.
3. — " Nebo Sharsechim, cbief-oF the-courtiers,
" Nergel Sharetzar the-great, (trs.)
"Also all" 
5, end. " Where-he-pronounced against-him|| written-
" laws."

specimen of the abuse of allegory, and of the reformed religion of
the Ch. of E., see Mr. Parkhurst on Yi, iv. and Bp. Horsley on
Hos. i. 2, and ch. iii. throughout, (quoted by Mr. P.) as an in
stance of the extraordinary manner, in which a real allegory, or
Hosea's figurative application of the terms fornication and adul
tery, is literalised. See interpretation of ch. iii. 1 .
* A prince of tire tribe of Judah. f The people of Judah.
X The royal and sacerdotal families of the tribes of Judah and
Levi. See vv. IS. 17, 18. 21, 22.
§ His tribe, Judah; and exegetic of 'the seed of Jacob' pre
ceding. See also vv. 21, 22,
|| Those of the Babylonian empire. See Dr. B.

OP JEREMIAH. 257
Ch. XL.
5. " But-whilst*-it is-not inhabited,
" Even-dwell-tkou near Gedaliab,"—
Ch. XLII.
5. — " A-witness-of tthe-faitbful-promise, even-to-bo-
" believed,"—
19. — " ye-assuredly J know:
" Surely ^ I-have-been-made-a-witness against-you
" this-day."
20. " Surely ye-erred against-yourselves,"— —
Ch. XLIV.
14, end. " Surely tbey-sb ail-not return :
" Surely || they-shall-not escape."
17, 18, 19. See vii. 18.
19. The fourth word from the end, means, to the
idol; and is a gloss upon the preceding preposition
and suffix.
21, end. " Even-bath-it-f ascended upon bis-heart?
25. " Ye, even-your-women,
(" Because-they-have-spoken &c.)
" Tkcy-skall-assuredly make-good" —
* The land of Judah depopulated.
f See Interpretation, ch. v. 1.
X The order of Jehovah, Go ye not into Egypt,
§ Micah vi. 9. the word is in this sense. ^i
||, 1' lost from between the letters.
f See iii. 16., vii. 31., Ii. 50.
2 L

258 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Ch. *XLVI.
5, end. " Neither have-they-turned tfrom-the-banishe
" who-surrounded-them ?"
9. " Ascend-ye, ye-horses ! even-Jmadden-ye, ye-cha
"riots!
" Even-let-go-fortb the-warriors-of Cush ;
" Even-the-warriors-of Phut who-handle tbe-shield :
" Even-the-Ludim, (d.) who-bend the-bow.
10. " For-tliis very-day-is to-Jebovah
" God-of hosts a-day-of vengeance,
" To-avenge-himself of-bis-enemies : therefore-shall-
" devour tbe-sword ;
" Even-shall-be-satiated; even-shall-be-drunken with-
" their-blood.
"Surely^ a-slaughter hath- Jehovah
" God-of hosts in-the-land-of the-north,
" By the-river Euphrates."
11, end. " Advanceth || recovery not-at-all to-thee."
18. " ULive I; saith the-king,
" Jehovah God-of hosts is-his-name;
" Surely as-Tabor among-tbe-mountains;

a

* Many of the preceding chapters, although comprehending
prophetic denunciations, are in the historical form ; and, like other
historical parts of the Old Testament, have afforded to their trans
lators comparatively small difficulty.
•j- See chh. vi. 25., xx. 4. 10., particularly the note on the latter
passage : also xlix. 29., Lam. ii. 22., and Ps. xxxi. 15. The ba
nisher was Nebuchadnezzar: by whom Pharaoh Necho, the deliverer
and the smiter, was himself smitten.
X xxv. 16. and Nahum ii. i. § Compare Is. xxxiv. 6, 7.
|| Supply COIN, from viii. 22., xxx. 17., and xxxiii. 6.
f iv. 1., V. 1.

OF JEREMIAH. 259
" Even-as Carmel by-tbe-sea, shall-* one-come.
19, " Preparations-for removing make-thou to-thyself ;
" Thou-resident daughter-of Ejypt !
" Surely Noph ar-desolation shall-become;
" Even-it-shall-be-t overgrown, from-being-without,
" an-inhabitant.
20. " An-heifer beautiful in-ber-countcnance is-Egypt :
" A- X gad-fly from-the-north is-coming against-her.
21. " Also her-mercenaries in-the-midst-of-her
" As-ibullocks-of tbe-stall § have-been :"
27, 28. See xxx. ||10, 11.
Ch. XLVII. 7. The metre rejects uo.
Ch. XLVIII.
2. " No more glorying for-Moab!
" In-Heshbon have-they-devised against- 5 her evil!"
4. " Is-destroyed Moab! it-is-proclaimed :

* Nebuchadnezzar, Dr. B. : as also, thy mighty one, y. 15.
Pharaoh Necho.
, f iv. 7., ix. 10. 12. X Mr- p- and Vulgate.
§ Read the verb substantive, and see Dr. B.
|| For the designation of place, from-afar, .see also li. 50, and
Is. xxxvii. 26. in the Introduction, and xlvi. 11.
^f Moab, the nation, or any one of its cities or towns, as Rabbah
pf Ammon, xlix. 2., is feminine : but, the Moabites, the people, are
masculine. Thus, vv. 11, 15. 39. 42. and Is. xv. 3., and xvi. 6. 12.
14. the Moabites, masculine : vv. 2. 7. 9. 38. and Is. xv. 3. 5. 8.
Moab, the nation, or one of its cities, or towns, feminine. See
LXX. in Isaiah and Jeremiah, and Bp. Horsley on Hosea, xiii. 2. C.
Js. xv, 4, end. " Therefore the-soldiers-of Moab shout :
" They are-distressed among-themselves,"

"60 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
"The-cry in-Tsoar *bath-been-repeated."
6. "Flee-ye; save-ye your-lives;
" Although-they-should-be tas^a-blasted-tree in-the-
" wilderness."
10. " Cursed-is J he-who-executeth the-commission-of
" Jehovah fraudulently :" —
II. " § Hath-been -at -ease Moab from-his-youth ;
" Even-settled he-hath-been upon-his-lees ;
" Neither hath-he-:been-emptied-out from-vessel into-
" vessel ;
Even-into-captivity be-hath-not gone :
" Therefore hath-remained bis-faste within-bim :
" Even-his-flavour hath-not been-changed."
14. "How will-ye-say; Warriors are-we,
" Even-men-of prowess for-war ?
15. " ||Hath-been-laid-waste Moab; even-into-5his-cities
" hath-one-ascended :
" Even-the-choice-of his-young-men have-been-
" brought-down to-slaughter :" —
* The metre requires a second verb to answer to the former ;
and as repetition is future to original proclamation, the idiom of the
la-nguage demands a future tense. The two ' letters Y3, added to
the text, supply it.
t Stript of every thing.
X Nebuchadnezzar, the servant of Jehovah, xliii. 10, bound to
execute without fraud.
§ In this v. every alternate metre is explanatory of the pre
ceding ; and the explanation is assisted by the translation even, in
stead of and. In the next v. excellently Dr. B.; Tilters, who shall
tilt him down ; even his vessels shall empty, even their pitchers shall
dash in pieces. Such beautifully poetical allegories in the prophets
have occasioned the Christian, and possibly the Jewish, interpreters
from the earliest times to allegorise wherever they could not rea
dily comprehend a literal meaning.
|| LXX. Also, v- 18. participle paul. f LXX.

0E JEREMIAH. 261
16. " Near-is the-destruction-of Moab; it-*must-come :
" Evcn-bis-calamity bastetb apace"."
•21. " Even-t written-law kath-come against" 
S6. " Leave-thou-him-to-his-excess ; because against Je-»
" hovah
" Herhath-magnified-himself : even-clap-tbou-lhe-
" band at-Moab in-his-sickness ;
" That-he-may-become a-derision at-length kimself.
-27. " JFor-hath not the-derision
" Been to-thee Israel ?
" Could-he among-tbieves be-found,
" That (%d. d.) him thou-art-always-alert-in-attack-
"ing?'J
29. " || We-have-heard-of the-pfosperity-of the-Moabites.
" They-have-been very proud, even-prosperous :
" Even- f have- we-heard-of-their-arrogance, even-of-
" the-exaltatidn-of their-beart.
30. " I have-known the-haugbtiness** of-their-nobles :
?' P^ot accordingly have-been-their-performances."
Thus far the prophet in the name of Jehovah,
which he again resumes at v. 33.: but, the two inter-

* For this use of the preposition and infinitive, see Interpreta
tion of Is. viii. 1.
X The punishment denounced by the written law of Jehovah.
X Moab is in this v. addressed, and accused of treating Israel as
a thief. See Num. ch. xxiii., &c. The beginning of the v. means,
Hath not Israel been to thee, Moab, the derision ?
§ LXX.
|| Is. xvi. 6. and see Bp. Horsley on Hosea, v. 5. C.
f The verb of the first metre is comprehended in the connective
Vau. ** See interpretation of Is. xvi. 6. p. 60.

ii
ii

26 2 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
mediate verses, and also v. 36, appear to he his pri
vate lamentation for Moab.
31. " * Therefore for Moab will-I-lamcni :
" Even-for-Moab, the-whole-people, I-will-cry-aloud :
" Unto tke-men-of Kir Heres
" Shall-repeat my-weeping Jaazer.
32. " I- will- weep for -thee, thou-vine-of Sibmah !
" Thy-stragglcrs have-passed the-sea :
" Unto Jaazer bave-even-come
Tke-lords-of the-nations : upon tby-summer-fraits,
Even-upon thy-vintage ta-spoiler hath-fallen."
35. " Even-will-I-cause-to-cease to-Moab kim-who-sa-
" crificetk
" In- + a?chapel ; even-kim-who-offereth -by-fire to-
" his-gods."
36, end, " Because the-reserves, which-be-bad-made,
" § have-perished."
38. " Upon all the-house-tops-of Moab,
* Many passages and expressions, Dr. Blayney observes, will be
found in this chapter, which Jeremiah hath borrowed from a pro
phecy of Isaiah, chh. xv. and xvi. With v. 32. compare Is. xvi.
8. 9. without expecting too rigid a conformity between the pas
sages. f Mr. Parkhurst understands Is. xvi. 9. with Vitringa ; ' the-
shout [of the plundering enemy] hath-fallen.'
X Dr. Jubb's distinction between places of worship and high
places, communicated to Bp. Lowth on Is. liii. 9, although not re
cognised by Abp. Newcome, Dr. Blayney, and Mr. Parkhurst, is
adopted by the author of these sheets : but, Bp. Horsley's transla
tion of Bama, n»2, chapel, Hosea x. 8., is preferred, because of
the other original word for, Altar, or place of sacrifice. The Bama
appears to have beea appropriated to idolatry.
§ At v. 37. * cuttings,' see xvi, 6. and Dr. Blayney on Zecha*
riah, xiii. 6.

OP JEREMIAH. SGS
" Even-down-to-its-open-places all-is walling :
" Surely I-bave-broken Moab,
" As-a-vessel in-wkick no-one hath-delighted."
40. — "Shall-not, as^an-eagle, * one-fly?
" Even-he-shall- 1 expand his-wings against Moab."
44. — "Surely I-will-bring^; lamentation"- 
45. " Within-the-sound-of Heshbon have-thcy-balted,
" §who-displayed-the-standard:
" Surely a4ire hath-gone-forth from Heshbon ;
" Even-a-flame from-the-palace-of Sihon ;
" Wbich-hath-consumed a- |j quart'er-of Moab,
" Even-the-capital-seat-of tbe-sons-of tumult."
46, end.  " thy-sons (d.),
" Even thy-daugbters into-captivity."
47. — " 5In-an-after-course-of the-days;" —
" Thus far a-written-law for-Moab."
Dr. Blayney esteems Num. xxi. 27 — 30. an ancient
prophecy; from which all, but the first metre, of v. 45,
and also v. 46, are borrowed. Bp. **Lowth consi
ders the passage as a part of an Amoritish song of
triumph for a victory obtained over the Moabites.
* Nebuchadnezzar.
f xlix. 22. Compare also vv. 43, 44. with Is. xxiv. 17, 18.
X Dr. B. from the Chaldee and Syriac dialects. Moab, the
Moabites, uniformly masculine in both the prophets : see note on
v. 2.
§ Read no, characteristic of benoni Hithpahel : conjecture also
gives a meaning to the first word.
|| A large portion of the country, and the whole of its northern
skirt. See parallel passage, Num. xxi. 28 — 30,
^| So xlix. 39, and Is. ii. 1. : but, in 1>. public translators say.
the last days ; in Jeremiah, the latter days, both passages.
•"* Prelect, iv.

264 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
That which Jeremiah applies, as a prophecy of still
future events, expresses in the praeter tense the cer
tainty of its completion. The citation in Numbers
might be thus metrically rendered.
27 1 Come ye ; [say they, as warrior warrior meets ;]
Be Sihon's city built : be peopled Heshbon's streets,
28. Surely a fire from * skilful Heshbon sent,
Prom Sihon's capital a flame that went,
Its rage on Moab's royal seat hath pour'd ;
And Arnon's idol temples hath tdevour'd.
29. Moab ! 't is thine to drink of woe the draught ;
While Chemosh hands the cup with ruin fraught i
Whose captive sons, unslaughter'd by the swordj
Whose exil'd daughters serve the victor lord.
80. E'en is a Jlampless waste to Dibon spred :
E'en Heshbon's % wives our conqu'ring troops have led j
And e'en to Medeba, and Naphe far,
Have || fanh'd the vengeful 5fire, and burl'd the flames
of war.
Ch. XLIX.
1. " Concerning-the-sons-of Ammon thus kath-spokeri
".Jehovah; Are-sons not to-Israel?
" Is an-heir not to-him ?
" Wherefore hath-taken-possession MiIcom**of-him?
" Even-why-bath-** Ammon in-his-cities dwelt?"

* The deviser, as the word Heshbon imports; See Jer. xlviii. 2.
for the paronomasia.
+ LXX. X ^r- P- on "13, N° lamp, no inhabitant.
§ LXX. || LXX. f LXX.
* v These two words in the original, dividing die intermediate

OF JEREMIAH. 265
2, end. " Even-shall-* Israel drive-out bis possessors.
3. " Howl-tkou, tkou-Heskbon ! surely katk-been-laid-
" waste
" tThe-metropolis:"—
4. — " X Flowing-as-is thy- valley, tkou-perverse daugk-
"ter!
" Wbo-trusteth in-her-treasures, § who-saitb ;
" Who can-come unto-me ?"
7. " Concerning-Edom thus hath-spoken Jebovab;
" Is-not any-more wisdom ?
" In-Teman hath-perished counsel ?
" || For-the-prudent katk-been-too-redundant tkeir-
" wisdom ?"

word between them, and taking each a letter at their end, suppos
ing those letters to have been a Vau and a final Nun, give the
reading proposed. ' Him' and * his cities,' clearly Israel.
* Heb. Even-shall-drive-out Israel his-possessors, the Am
monites. The city Rabbah, feminine. Her daughters, the lesser
cities and towns. See Dr. Blayney.
f Rabbah. An He emphatic, and Resch at the end. See Dr.
B.'s note on 'the fences.'
X The address is to Rabbah on the river Arnon, which formed
a defence to this metropolis by overflowing the valleys that sur
rounded it.
§ The metre requires one word; and two MSS., three old edi
tions, and LXX Comp. favour the admission of two. See Dr. B.
The latter word, as the metre allowed, was omitted at the instance
of a pupil ten years of age ; with whom the Psalms in the original
have been read through twelve times in as many months, and who
iii them has been accustomed to the uniform omission of the su
perfluous last word of such sentences as ' The fool hath said in his
heart.' In Gen. xvii. 17., as well as in the Psalms, the omitted
word appears a gloss upon the meaning of the verb in the sense, to
think, as Is- jtxxvlii. 10. But the gloss seems older than the LXX.
|| Have the prudent been too wise for themselves .' or, as Dr. B.,
2 yi

26G READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
• 8, end. .." his-*sore-visi£ation."
9. " Have grape-gatherers come
" Unto-thee, who-t have-not left
" Gleanings ? have thieves
" By-nigbt, who-kave-destroyed J after-havingv
" enough ?"
II. " Thou- § forsaken !, thine-orphans am-I to-preserver
" alive ?
" Even-thy-widows ! upon-me will-ye-rely ?
12. " Surely thus hath-spoken Jehovah ;
" Have-not, tbey-who not || according-to-written-
" law
" Were-to-drink-of the-cup, assuredly drunken?
" Even-thou, tbe-same-wbo should-have-been-alto-
" gether cleared-away,
" Shalt -thou-not-be 5 altogether cleared-away?
" Surely thou-shalt-assuredly drink."
13, end. " Her-cities sball-be wastes-of **ancient-
" times.
18, end. " Shall-not dwell there a-man-of-condition,
Hath the wisdom of the prudent overshot itself? See Oba.
diah, 3—9.
* Plural of intensity. Dr. B.
X Future relative ; their having left gleanings having been fu
ture to their coming : therefore the verb is in the future, according
to the Hebrew idiom, with a past signification.
± The LXX read a Yod where Lamed is wanted for the sense
given. The question is to be answered in the negative : but, the
total stripping, which gleaners omit, and the superfluous-destruction,
which thieves in haste decline, Jehovah would effect upon Edom.
§ The widowed nation Edom, and her widows, are in this verse
addressed. || See Dr. B. on this verse.
<fl Repeat the gerundial infinitive ; and see xxx. 11. xlvi. 28.
** See note on xxxii, 40.

OF JEREMIAH. 267
" Neitber-(d.) shall-sojourn in-ber an-* human being.
19. " tShall-not-I, as-a-lion ascendeth
" From -a- X thicket-of Jordan against a-fold (d.),
" When' I-distttrb-§her, make-||every-one-to-run
" from-upon-her ?
" Even-who-is the-f chosen-agent wbom-against-her
" I-commission ?
" Surely who is-i>s-I-am ?
" Even-wbo will-**appoint-to-me-a-time? even-who
" ttis-tbis
"Shepherd, who Will-stand before-me?"
20, end. " Most assuredly Jtthey-shall-be-dragged-
" away
" From-the-young-of tbe-flock : most-assuredly
" Shall-be-astonished on-their-account their-fold.
21. " At-the-noise-of their-fall bath-trembled tbe-land:
* See v. 33. and 1. 40. Heb. A son of a man. Dr. B. thinks
a distinction is between a constant dweller and an occasional so
journer ; not between a rich and a poor man, which latter even
should not be left.
f See 1. 44—46.
X Thus correct xii. 5. from Dr. Blayney on Zechariah, xi. 3.
and Bp. Horsley on Hosea, v. .5.: but in Zechariah both the word
and the parallel preceding it seem figuratively to denote the Tem
ple. § Edom, the land, feminine.
|| Him, i. e. every great man dwelling, and every son of man,
pr son of a poor man, sojourning, v, 18.
^| Nebuchadnezzar.
** To meet me in contest, Mr. P.
ft What Edomite shepherd will oppose Nebuchadnezzar? Of
shepherds, see xxiii. 1.
XX The inhabitants of Edom, as the sheep of a fold, v. 1J>.

268 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" An-outcry-of-it upon-*the-sea (d.) hath-been-
" heard (d.).
22. " Shall-not, as-an-eagle, t one-tower, even-fly ?
" Even-shall-he-not- + expand his-wings over Botsra.?
" So-that-shall-be tbe-heart-of the-warriors-of Edom
(d. d.)
" As-the-heart-of a-woman in-pangs."
25. "How is-§she-not || forsaken,
" A-city-of praise, a-place-of-concourse I affording-
"joy?"
2.9, end. " Even-let-them-proclaim concerning-**them ;
" ttA-banisher-of all-around."
32, end.  " even-from-all JJwho-pass-§§kim
" Will-I-bring their calamity.
33. — " A-desolation for || || a-long-time-to-come :" —
Ch. L.
5.HI " For-Sion tkey-shall-ask the-way :
* Doubtless the sea of bulrushes, or Red Sea : but the text
wanted not what appears a gloss.
f Nebuchadnezzar. See xlviii. 40, 41., and Is. xl. 31.
X Or, spread forth, xlviii. 40.
§ Damascus.
|] Forsaken as a widow, v. 11. and Is. Ixii. 4.
f See Interp. of Is. viii. 6. p. 43.
* * Them, their moveables.
XX vi. 25., xx. 4. 10., xlvi. 5., Lam. ii. 22., Ezek. xxi. 12., and
Ps. xxxi. 15. This appellation of Nebuchadnezzar a reason for
moving. } X xxii. 20.
§ § Him, the nation, masculine ; as v. 31. where, in the next
line, they, the people, plural.
|| || See Dr. Jortin, quoted above, p. 252, and Interpr. of xxv. 9.
^[«[ In v. 4. commences a clear prophecy of the restoration of
both Israel and Judah from Babylon.

OF JEREMIAH. 269
" Thither straight-forward tbey-sball-^come:
" Even-tkey-shall-be-joined unto Jehovah
" In-a-covenant-of +ancient-times, whieh-shall-not
" be-forgotten."
7, end. " The-fold-of acquittal, even-the-} expectation-of
" their-fathers."
11. "Because ye-rejoice; because ye-triumpb,
" Te-plunderers-of mine-inberitance! because yc-§es>
>{ patiate,
" As-an-heifer who-treadetb ; even-because-ye-||neigk
" as-steeds ;
12. " Hath-been-ashamed your-mother exceedingly ;"— -
14. " I Be-ye-arrayed against Babylon" —
15. — ¦" Hath-been-effected her-**destruction : have-fallen
" her-battlements :" —
17. " A-sbeep scattered is-ttlsrael :
" Lions have-driven-him-about : first-hath-devoured-
" him
" i^Tbe-king-of Assyria; and-this next
" Hath-eaten-him-bone-and-all, Nebuchadnezzar,
',' king-of Babylon."
20, end. " Because I-shall-have-^ pardoned tbose-whom
" l-sball-have-permitted-to-remain.

* Is. xxxv. 10.
t xxxii. 40., xlix. 13., Ii. 26. 62., Is. xxiv. 5.
X xiv. 8., xvii. 13. § Mai. iv. 2., and Mr. P.
|| All present tense, Dr. B. r
^f Imp. Niph. n lost in the suffix of the preceding word, 'her-
wounds ;' which also should be the rendering in xlix. 17. On the
latter part of the verse see Dr. B. on Zech. i. 21.
** Prefix H. xlix. 32. ff The twelve tribes.
XX Shalmeneser.
§ § The meaning of acquittal, commonly translated righteous
ness. All who had been permitted to return from captivity, had
been acquitted of idolatry, and were no more disposed to it. Vain

270 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
21. " Against the-land-of *redoubled-rebel!ion ascend-
" thou,
" Against-it : even-tupon its-inhabitants
" Fall-thon, thou-sword !"—
24, end. "Because against-Jebovah Jthou-hast-risen-in-
" arms."
26. " Advance-ye against-her, ye- § pick-axes !
" Break-ye-open her-granaries : pile-ye-her-up,
" As heaps-of-grain : even-utterly-destroy-ye-ber :
" Let-not be to-her any-thing-left.
27. " Destroy-ye all he r-|| fruits :
" Descend-ye to-slaughter." —
34. " Their-? vindicator is-strong; Jehovah is-his-name ;
"He-will-assuredly maintain their ** cause;
" So-as to-occasion-an-agitation to-the-land;
" Even-to-cause-trembling lo-tbe-inhabitants-of Ba-
" by Ion.
35. " A-ttsword-sball-be against tbe-Chaldeans;" —
would be the search for the idolatry of Israel, and for the national
sins of Judah.
* The national idolatry of the Babylonians, v. 38, and their
profanation of the temple at Jerusalem, vv. 24. 28., and end
of li. 11.
f The preposition and verb are here the same as in v. 18, where
the public translator? are to be preferred to Dr. B.
X See n. on v. 21 . In-the-land, v. 22. d. Against Babylon,
the hammer of the whole earth, v. 23, the sword of Cyrus is in
voked to cut it asunder, and the sharp instruments of the Persians,
v. 26, to break open and destroy her. See also li. 20, where pos
sibly is the right word in v. 26.
§ Is. xliv. Ki
ll 1 XX preferred to Bp. H. on Hosea, xiv. 2.
«T The vindicator of Israel and Judah, see note on Is. lx. 16.
* * Something more than verbal controversy. Also li. 36.,
Ps. xxxv. 1., and Judges xii. 2. Mr. P.
XX Figuratively, successful war.

OF JEREMIAH. 271
39. ¦-" neither again
" Any-more for-*ever (d.) shall-she-be-inbabited
" From generation to-generation.
40. " As-the-overthrow t very-great of Sodom," —
41. " Is-not a-jpeople coming from-tbe-north ?" —
4.5, end. " % Distress bath-taken-hold-of-bim ; pain, as-
" of-a-woman-in-travail."
Vv. 44, 45. are applied to Babylon, as the parallel
passage, xlix. 19, 20. is to Edom.
Ch. LI.
1. — " Even-against tke-inkabitants-of the-land-of
" ||Cbaldea a-destroying fwind."
4- " Even-let-fall-down the-** soldiers in-tke-land-of
" Chaldea, even-the-transfixers in-her-streets.
5. " Surely hatb-not been-forsaken
* For victorious time, or a very long time. See Dr. Jortin,
quoted above. But see also additions on Is. xxv. 8., and Lam. v.
20. In v. 37.. for the sense of « effeminate,' see li. SO., and
Dr. B. on Lam. ii. 20.
f See add. on Is. xiii. 19.
X With the description of the Persians in this and the following
v. compare the parallel passage descriptive of the Babylonians,
vi. 22, 23.
§ Dr. Blayney makes two lines, of two words each, from this
metre ; having professed to follow the metrical plan of Bp. Lowth.
|| The metre requires the full reading, as in the Chaldee of 1. 45,
on which see Dr. B. The Athbash, or contrary direction of the
alphabet, gives the proper name in this place as well as in v. 41,
and xxv. 26. See Dr. B. Appendix.
f A destroying enemy. Image taken from thrashing, upon
eminences, where the wind separated the chaff.
** Dr. Kennicott, State of Hebrew Text, p. 114. See also
vv. 47. 49.

272 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Israel, eVen-* Judah, of-bis-god ;"—
" Surely t their-Iand hath-been-filled
" With-guilt on-account-of-the-Jsanctuary-of Israel."
6. — -(i That-ye-be-not cut-off in-her-§ punishment:"—
7. " A-goIden cup in-tbe-hand-of Jehovah
" Hatb-been-|| Babylon, intoxicating all the-! land :
" Of -her- wine kave-drunken nations:
" Tkerefore they- * * have-been-greatly- 1 1 agitated
« (d.)."
9. — " Surely hath-reached unto the-heavens
"Her-J| written-law: evcn-it-hatb-been-lifted-up un-
" to the-skies."
II. " Make-ye-bright the-arrows: repair-ye
" The-^% shields: hath-raised-up Jehovah
"The IHIwind, ye-kings-of Media."
14. — " Surely 115 have-filled-thee with-men,
" As-with-locusts,who-shall-responsively-utter against-
" thee a-shout."
* Exegetic of Israel, and referring to tire two tribes alone.
X The Chaldeans.
X See note on 1. 21. vv. 6, 7, 8, the prophet to the inhabitants
and sojourners, 1. 40.
§ For this sense, among other examples, see iv. 15., Gen. xix.
15., Lam, ii. 14., iv. 6. 13. 22., v. 7-, and Ezek. xiv. 10.
[| Trs. ^ See Interp. of xxv. 29—33.
** F. rel. ft LXX.
X X Babylon's idolatrous practices. The verse is the reply of the
inhabitants and sojourners addressed v. 6.: and they propose leav
ing the city and going into the country.
§§ Mr. P. V. 10. is Jeremiah to his countrymen; 11, 12. to
the kings of Media; 13, 14. to Babylon.
|| || The destroying kings of Media : see v. 1 . and Dr. B. Ap
pendix. , f j[ The pronoun followed by a prophetic prater. End of v, IS.
" Thou-slave-of thy gain !"

OF JEREMIAH. 273
15—19. See in x. 12—16.
20. "* Battle-ax! thou-shalt-be to-me
" My-weapon-of war;" —
26, end. " Surely desolations-of t ancient-times tbou-
" shalt-be."
27, end. " Cause-ye-to-ascend cavalry, as-the- X lambent-
" locust bristled."
29. " Therefore- % hath-trembled the-land, even-§hatb-it-
" been-in-pain :

* Possibly the word in 1. 26, a Phe instead of a Koph. The
address to the battle-ax ends with v. 24. and seemingly ' in-Sion :'
because the following word abruptly diverts the address of Jehovah.
f See v. 62, and 1. 5. Babylon, the ' destroying mountain,'
that destroyed ' all the land,' (in the limited sense, as in ver. 7,)
which was to be ' a mountain set on fire,' is addressed in vv. 25, 26.
X Vv. 27, 28, seem addressed to Ararat, Minni, and Ashkenaz,
probably countries abounding in horses for cavalry. The lambent
locust is by Michaelis, quoted by Mr. Parkhurst, esteemed to have
been the chafer. This comparison of cavalry with the locust ap
pears adverse to Abp. Newcome's opinion of Joel ii. that a march
of locusts is therein described. See him on Joel, and Preface to
Ezekiel, p. xlvi. Four species of locusts are noticed by Joel, i. 4.,
and ii. 25. In the order of the former verse, the cutting locust
hath appeared to signify Retsin, king of Syria ; the numerous lo
cust, Pekah, king of Israel ; the lambent locust, Sennacherib ; and
the consuming locust, Nebuchadnezzar. The former part of 'Joel
ii. hath been considered a poetical description of the Babylonian
invasion: and, in answer to Abp. N.'s first note on ver. 7> who will
say that an Hebrew poet might not choose to describe his real ob
ject under a similitude, and at the same time assert that his simili
tude was like the real object?
§ Future relatives in the sense of prophetic praters : so also the
first verb of v. 31. The rest prophetic pneter to the end of v. 32,
2 N

274 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Surely hath-arisen against Babylon
" An-arrangement-of Jehovah," —
31. " Courier to-meet courier *then-ran;"—
32. " t From-its-extremities the- X passages" —
33. " The-time-of the- § tread ing-of-hcr"—
34. " Hath-devoured- 1| me, hath-excecdingly-distressed-
" me a-king-of Babylon :
" He-hath-left-me a-vessel-of emptiness:" —
35. " The-indignity upon-my-I dead-bodies let-be-upon
" Babylon ;"-

-" saith ** Jerusalem."

39. " Whilst-they-are-hot I-will-supply their drink;
" Even-ttl-will-make-them-to-drink-abundantly, that
" they-may-be-joyous, and-then-sleep
" A-lasting sleep, from-which-they-may-not awake."
46. — " For-shall-come in-a-year the-rumour, even-its-
" ^attendants:"—
47. — " When-I-will- §^ notice the graven-images-of" —
49. " As Babylon hath-made-to-fall
" The-soldiers-of Israel, so before-Babylon

J5

* See preceding note. The tenses in 29—32 are expressive of
the celerity with which the business was executed, after the pre
paration made, vv. 27, 28.
f LXX.
X Passages of the river, and porches of the-houses. Dr. B.
§ The threshing-floor, trodden by beeves to beat out the corn.
Mr. P.
|| Suffix of the sing. n. Keri, and Dr. K., State of Hebr. Text,
p. 515. The inhabitress of Sion, or Jerusalem, is the speaker of
vv. 34, 35.
<U Mr. P.
'** Or, a widow, or bereaved matron of Sion or Jerusalem.
XX Also ver. 57. Ou ver. 38, see Dr. B. on Zech. xi. 16.,
third note.
X X The Medes and Persians. § § Also v. 52.

OF JEREMIAH. 275
" * Have-fallen the-soldiers-of tbe-wbole t country."
50, end. " X Ascend upon your-heart."
55. " § Besause hath-laid-waste Jekovak
" Tke [-city] Babylon, even-hath-destroyed-it ;
" From-it-proceedeth a-great voice;" —
59, end. " Wben-Seraiab was- 1| conductor-of a-present."
* Pr, pr.
X Dr. K. See v. 4. For a sublimity of comparison like to that
in ver. 48. see Is. xiii. 10., xxiv. 23., xxx. 26., Ixv. 17.; Joel ii. 10.,
iii. 15, 16.; Amos viii. 9.; and Matth. xxiv. 29.
X Be uppermost. See iii. 16., vii. 31., xliv. 21. The ver. is to
the captives and Babylonian proselytes, who answer in the en
suing verse.
§ Abp. Secker, in Dr. B.'s Appendix. End of 52, ' soldiers.'
See v. 4
y See Dr. B. and on ver. 58.

Chapters

Chapters in the preceding Sheets, according to
Dr. Blayney's Arrangement.

Ch. xxi. p.

252

Ch. xxxiv.

xxii. xxiii.

236239

xxxv. "»
. >p. 243
XXXVl. J r

xxiv.

244

xxxvii.

253

xxv.
xxvi.

242243

xxxviii. -i
xxxix. j

. 256

xxvii. i
xxviii. /

252

xl.
xii.

257

xxix.

244

xlii.

257

xxx.

245.

xliib

xxxi.

246

xliv.

257

xxxii. ->

xiv.

244

xxxiii. j

• 253

xlvi.

258

READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS

OP

L*AMEJYT*ATIOJVS,

(_/H. I. The prophet is the speaker, ver. 1 — 9. on
the subject of Jut'ah and Jerusalem, after the cap
tivity of Jehoiacbm or *Jeconiah by Nebuchadnez
zar : but, at the end of ver. 9. and of v. 11. he ad
dresses Jehovah in the person of Jerusalem. In the
same person, vv. 12 — \6., the passengers on the road
near the deserted city are also pathetically addressed.
The prophet, who had interposed with vv. 10, 11.,
again appears in v. 17.; after which he represents Je
rusalem speaking to the end of the chapter, vv. 18,19.,
publicly to all persons, and 20 — 22. to Jehovah.
5. "Have-been her-distressers superior; her-enemies
?' Have-been-at-ease ; because Jehovah hath-afflicted-
" ker :

* Chh. i. ii. iii. appear from internal evidence to have been all
written ia the reign of Zedekiah, and chh. iv. v. after his flight and
captivity, as will in place be noticed,

278 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" On-account-of a-multitude-of her-revolts her-chil-
" dren
" Have-gone into-captivity before a-distresser. "
7, *end. " When-kad-fallen her-people into-the-hand-of
" a-distresser,
" Even-that-was-not an-helper unto-her wben-saw
"Adversaries, they -laughed at her- 1 discontinuance.
8. " Hath-greatly ^sinned Jerusalem :
" Therefore as-a-removed-woman hath-she-been :
" All, who-had-been-.accustomed-to-honour-her, have-
" despised-her :
" Surely they-have-seen ber-nakedness :
" Also herself sigheth ;
" Although- § she bath-turned backward.
* Dr. Blayney says of the end of this verse : ' Some persons
' have been willing to discard this line, as weft as the fourth in
' ch. ii. 19., but for no better reason than because all the other pe-
' riods in the two chapters consist of three lines only.' They con
sisted of three lines, as he and Bp. Lowth might have divided
them. But , the first verse metrically divides itself into two lines
of three words each, and two of four words each : the second into
six of three words each : the third into two of three words, one of
four, and two of three : the fourth into three of three, one of four,
and one of three : the fifth into four, of four ; in- which verse the
metre may direct the punctuation : the sixth verse makes four lines
of four words each : the seventh six of four ; admitting the prepo
sition and suffix, the reading of one MS. and Chald. after the verb
substantive. The three last metres of this verse seem to direct the
translation here given. See the Introduction, and note on ii. 19.
hereafter. f IShe discontinuance, or ceasing, of her prosperity.
X For fhe various meanings of the original of this word in the
book of Lamentations only, see iii. 39., iv. 6. 13. 22., v. 7. 16.
§ For this ellipse, see the former part of the third rule, in In
troduction, pp. vii, xx.

OF LAMENTATIONS. §79
9. " Whilst-ker-pollution hatb-been-in-ber-skirts, she-
" hath-not called-to-mind
" Its-consequence : therefore-she-hatb-been-brought-
" down wonderfully ;
" Is-not a-consoler *unto-her."
12. " t May-it not-be to-you,
" All who-pass the-way !
" jNevertheless-observe-ye, even-regard-ye : is
" Sorrow sucb-as-my-sorrow ? which
" Hath-bappened unto-me, whom hath-afHicted
" Jehovah in-the-day-of the-heat-of his-anger."
14. " Watch-hath-been-set upon my-revolts :
" In- § mine- bands they -have- 1| rolled-theniselves-up ;
" they -have- f ascended
" Upon my-neck ; they-have-caused-to-stumble my-
" strength :
" Hath-**cast-me Jehovah upon-mine-bands ;
" I-am-not able to-rise-up.
15. " Hath-beaten-down all my-valiant-men Jehovah:
" In-the-midst-of-me he-hatb-proclaimcd against-me
" f tan-assembly,
* From this place, excepting v. 10., the three first metres of
v. 11., and the whole of v. 17., she vents her sighs [v. 8.] in pa
thetic language.
X Conj. tD2!> nb lb. It, sorrow.
J Transpose the verbs, as in v. 11.
§ LXX.
|| The numerous revolts, or idolatries, of Jerusalem appear all
about her, strictly guarded that none may be concealed, more than
filling her hands, rolling themselves up to her shoulders and neck,
and by their weight occasioning her to bend and stumble. Allusion
seems to be to burthens and the bearers of them.
fl LXX. ** Dr. B.
ft Nations, v. 10. Chaldees, Syrians, Moabites, Ammonites,
1 Kings xxiv. 2. Sec also v. 17., ii. 16. 22., iii. 46.

280 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" To-crush my-cboice-youths : a-* wine* vat bath*
" trodden
" Jehovah, for-the-virgin daughter-of Judah;"
18. " An-tacquitter is-the-same Jehovah,
" Although his-commandment I-have-disobeyed." — >

* See Is. lxiii. 2, 3. Effusion of blood, punishment of idolatry.
In next ver. the metre admits repetition of ' mine-eye,' which seems
emphatic. X The noun is in the active sense formed from Pahul. Thus
Pss. xi. 8., cxvi. 5., cxix. 75. 137-, cxxix. 4., cxli. 5., cxlv. 17.
Jerusalem here appears to derive consolation from her punishment,
that thereby she was acquitted of her idolatrous disobedience : and this
seems to have been the Jewish religion with respect to offences, or
rather the great national offence of idolatry, committed against Je
hovah. Offences of individuals may be believed to have been left
for punishment by the magistrate, with the exception alone of the
few recorded instances of miraculous vengeance ; but, the national
offence was punished by invasion and captivity, often called the
sword, the famine, and the pestilence, because by these the de
struction was great upon such occasions : after a time, for instance,
seventy years of captivity, came restoration ; when the people of
Jehovah, having undergone the punishment by him appointed and
inflicted, were acquitted, as in a court of justice, according to the
forensic meaning of the original word. Cyrus was the original
Messiah, or appointed instrument of restoration. Upon this simple
religion,notof individuals, nor yet of nations, but of one only nation
comprehending the twelve tribes, what has been built is wonder
ful ! Let answer for it Origen, Church of Rome, Jerome ; among
many of their predecessors, contemporaries, and successors. See
Interpretation of Is. xxxii. 16, 17-, li. 5., liv. 17.
Of v. 17. in our prophet it may not be immaterial to observe, that
in the original a preposition precedes the third word, which neither
the LXX express, nor the usage of the prophet, xlviii. 40., and
xlix. 22., nor yet of Isaiah xxv. 11, authorises after the same
\erb.

0E LAMENTATIONS. 281
IS-. " I-have-remonstrated against-my-* lovers, that-they
" have-proved-false4o-me :' — -
20) end. " Because I-have-greatly rebelled, from-witkout
" Hatk-bereaved a-sword> teven-deatb within."
21, end. " Surely thou hast-effected, thou-kast-intro-
" duced
" A-day, thou-hast-proclaimed ; even-they- X kave-
" been as-L"
Ch. II. The prophet in his Own person laments
the ruin of his country, minutely describing both its
^public and its private effects, to the end of v. 19.
Jerusalem speaks, 20—^22.
3. — " He-katk-made4o-turn back || his-right-hand
" From-before an-enemy ; even-he-hath-kindled
" against- Jacob,
" As-a-fire, a-flame devouring around.
4. " 5 He-hatb-bent his-bow, as-an-enemy :
* See interpretation of Is. lvii. 3 — 10.
X Vau instead of Caph, and transpose.
X Future relative converted by Vau into a prater, and prophetici
The enemies seem to have been principally the Edomites : and the
prophecy concerning them in these two last verses from the mouth
of Jerusalem appears in other words in iv. 21, 22. expressed by the
prophet in his own person.
§ The splendour of Israel, Is. lx. 13., and the footstool, are the
temple. || Israel's.
^f This verse consists of two lines of three words each, one of
four, and two of three ; like ver. 7. ensuing, arid vv. 3. 14. 18. of
ch. i,: but, it is more regular than any one of 'them, as its sense
and metre run equally together. It wants not, therefore, Bp.
Lowth's supply of two words from the Chaldee Paraphrase. See
his, Prelim. Diss, to Is. p. xl. note.
2 o

282 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Hatb-been-erected his-right-hand, as-a-distresser :
" Even-he-hath-slain *all wko-kad-been-desired by-
" the-eye :
" Upon-the-tent-of the-daughter-of Sion
" He-hath -poured as-a-fire his-fury."
6. " Even-he-hath-violently-stripped-tthee, as-a-garden,
" of-tbine-hedge :" —
11. " Have-been-consumed in4ears mine-eyes;
" Have-been-greatly-disturbed my-bowels : hath-
" been-poured-out upon-the-ground
" My- :{. dignity ; upon-account-of the-ruin-of
" The-daughter-of my-people : in-tbe-overwbelming-
" of infant,
" Even-suckling, in-the-open-places-of public-con-
" course."
13. "What skall-I- § attest-eoncerning-thee r" —
" Surely great as-a-sea is-thy-ruin :" —
14. " Thy-prophets have-seen concern ing-thee
" || Vanity, even-folly; neither have-they-relied
" Upon thy- ? punishment, that-shall-be-reversed
" Thy-captivity : but-they-bave-seen concerning-tliee
* Every youth. Chaldee gloss.
f The daughter of Judah, v. 5.
X LXX. The upright posture of a man and the elevated su-
pcreminence of a prophet were laid low upon the ground in tears
and humiliation. Public translation and Dr. B.; ' My liver:' but,
whether a copious discharge of bile, occasioned by vexation and
fretting, would have become the prophet, is to be considered.
§ Micah vi. 9.
|| See- note on the interpretation of Jer. vii. 4. It is apprehended,
that the. original of this word denotes an idol also in Pss. xii, 2.,
xxiv. 4., xxvi. 4 , xxxi. 7., xii. 6., lx. 11., lxxxix. 46., cviii. 12.,
cxix. 37., cxxxi.v. 20., cxliv. 8. 11. Compare also Ezek. xiii. 9, 10.
«j See iv. 6. Jer. li. 6.; Ezek. iv. 4. 5. 6. 17. and passim: als»
note on i. 18.

OP LAMENTATIONS. 283
" Vain sufferings, even- Rejections."
18. " Hatb-cried-out ttheir-heart; Unto Jehovah,
" Thou- X desolate daughter-of Sion! suffer-thou-to-
" descend
" As-a-torrent tears by-day, even-by-night :
" Give- thou not intermission to-thyself :
" Let-not § rest, || daughter ! tbine-eye.
19. " SArise-thou ! cry-tbou-aloud in-the-night !
* Rejections more than temporary if the prophets saw, they
were vain or unreal sufferings. Only unbelieving Jews are now re
jected, or they who deny the abolition of the ceremonial law.
Others, under the name of Christians, cover the part of the world
called Christendom, and are diffused over various countries of the
habitable globe. Thus, the kingdom of heaven, by the means of
the founder of the improved religion, is not only come, but very
widely extended.
X Even the enemy, as well as the passenger, had a heart for
pity. See v. 17.
X A transcriber in his haste is supposed to have passed over the
object of invocation to the invocation itself three words beyond,
and thus to have written the two first letters of the verb instead of
the letter Schin. Some succeeding transcriber, either preferring
the plural, walls, to the singular, or ignorantly led by the termina
tion of the following word, may have changed an He into a Thau.
The error of a transcriber is also apparent in iii. 57. where, in his
haste, he had written the first letter of the fourth word, instead of
the third; and as it happened to be an M, and the third word a verb
of the first person prater, to preserve the fairness of his copy he
added the radicals to his N, and made a first future.
Of the transposition of the alphabetical order, in the initials of
vv. 16, 17, it may be believed, that the Hebrew poets did not at
all times restrain themselves from such a poetical licence as violated
their general rule,
§ iii. 49.
H The Alexandrine MS. of the LXX gives- this reading.
f This verse consists of but six metres, the first and fourth con-

284 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" At-tbe-beginning-of tbe-watches pour-tkou-out, asf«
" water, ,
" Tkine-keart before the-face-of Jekovah !
taming three words each, the others four; as even the English
reader may perceive by the present distribution of them : according
to which it appears, that two of Bp. L.'s long verses, in his Prelim,
Dissertation, may not inconveniently be divided into three, con
sisting one of three and two of four words each. This is the usual
number of words or terms of a proposition in every metre ; and
more than four, it is contended, in the Introduction to these sheets,
exist not in any Hebrew metre. The difference, therefore, between
this verse, verse 7 of ch. L, and v. 2. (for instance) of the same
ch. is nothing in the number of metres, which are alike six in each
of the three verses : but, in the numher of words in each metre ; the
six metres of v. 2. ch. i. consisting all of three words each, those
of v. 7. containing all four words each, and those of this verse
being composed all, excepting the first and fourth, as has been
stated, of four words each. In these two chapters it may now be
judged ; that the longest verses consist of but six metres, the short
est of four, and the remainder of five ; and that the variety which
is sought in all metrical composition is attained, hoth in this respect
and in the difference between the metres of three or of four words
each. When also the regularity or irregularity of the metres is
taken into the account, the system will admit of so many changes,
that in these two first chapters of the Lamentations scarcely two
verses are altogether similar; as will appear in the following
scale. Ch. i.

v. 1—3. 3. 4. 4..

Ch.

ii. — 4. 4T. 4. 3r. 3.

2—3. 3. 3. Sr. 3. 3.

4. 4. 3r. 4. 3.

S— 3. 3n.4.°3. 3.

*

3. 3. 3. 4. 4.

4—3. 3. 3. 4. 3.

3. 3. 4. 3. 3.

5_4».4. 4. 4.

4*. 4. 3. 4.

6-k*r.4. 4. 4.

3. 4. 4\4.
7—4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4.
3. 3\4. 3*. 3.
8—3. 4. 3. 3. S.»3.
3» 3. 4. 3*. 4.
9— 4.»3. 3. 4. 3,
*
?. 3. 3. 4. 4,
OF LAMENTATIONS. 285
" Lift-tbou-up unto-him thine-hands
" For tbe-*life-of thine-infants who-are^overwhelmed
" By-famine at-the-top-of all the-streets;
" tObserve-thou, Jehovah! even-regard-thou :
" Whom hast-thou-made-to-befal thus ?
" Is-it-possible-that should-devour women
" Their-ofFspring, the-infants-of their-own-nursing ?
" Is-it-possible-that should-permit-to-be-slaiu in-the-
" ;£ sanctuary
" Jekovak tke-priest, even-tke-propbet ?

Ch.i.

v. 10—3, 3. 4. 3. 4.

Ch. ii-

-3. 3.

4. 4. 3.

*

11—3, 4. 3. 3. 3,

3. 4.

3r.4. 3.

12—3. 3. 4. 3". 4. 4.

3. 4.

4. 3.

*

13—4. 4. 4. 3.

4.°3.
4. 3. 4. 3.
14—3. 3\4. 3. 3.
*
3. 4.
3. 3. 3.
15—4. 4. 4.»4.
3. 3.
3. 4. 4. 3.
16—4. 4. 4. 4,°4.
#
3. 3.
3. 4. 3.
17—3. 3. 3. S\ 3,
4. 4.
3. 4. "4.
18—3. 3. 4. 3". 3.
4. 4.
4. 4. 4.
*
19—4. 4. 4. 3.
3. 4.
4. 3. 4. 4.
20— 4. "3. 3. 4«.4.
3. 3.
3. 3. 3. 3,
21—4, 4'. 4. 4. 4.
3. 4.
4. 3. 3.
22—4. 4.P4. 3.e3,
3. 4.
3. 4. 3.
?. regent. ". nominative. °^ oblique, k. keri. *. ellipse. *. verb.
* similars,
* The same word of the original at the latter part of v. 1?.
the public translators and Dr. B. render * soul.'
f Jerusalem is represented by the prophet as pitied even by her
adversaries, who from their heart give her the best advice, to turn
to Jehovah in prayer, and even frame this supplicatory pleading for
her. Equally unnatural, that women should destroy their offspring,
and that Jehovah should permit the destruction of his priests and
prophets !
X Therefore the sanctuary was still standing, and before Zede.
jtiah's flight. See also i. 10.
286 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
21. " * Have-lien upon-the-ground in-tbe-streets
" Boys, even-old-men ; my- virgins, even-my-young-
" men :
" tTbey-have-gone into-captivity ; they-have-fallen
" by-the-sword :
" Thou-hast-slain in-the-day-of thine-anger--;
" Thou-bast-slaughtered ; tbou-hast-not spared.
22. " Tbou-hast-convoked, as-on-a-day-of solemn-as-
" sembly,
" My-|banishefs all-around;" 
Ch. III. The prophet appears personally to bewail
his own calamities, in the first twenty verses : in the four
following he expresses hope. Vv. 25—51. are ten
derly addressed to Zedekiah, with the endeavour to
continue him in obedience to the king of Babylon,
and to excite his hope in Jehovah for future deliver
ance. Jeremiah exhorts the king to join him in a
confession of public revolt, and in bewailing the public
ruin. In vv. 52 — 63. he reverts to the sufferings
which himself experienced from the courtiers of Ze
dekiah; and in 64 — 66. he foretels their destruction.
3. " § Indeed against-me, he-sitteth,

* Jerusalem not only pleads in v. 20, as advised by the enemy,
but in 21, 22 renews and compresses in brief a pathetic description
of her sufferings.
•j- The metre seems to require the reading of one MS. noted by
Dr. B.
X Jer. vi. 25., xx. 4. 10., xlvi. 5., riix. 29.; Ezek. xxi. 12.;
Ps. xxxi. 15. See also note on i. 15.
§ Thus coircct Introduction, p. x.

OF LAMENTATIONS. 287
" Hc-turneth bis-band all the-day.
4. " * He-hatb-brought-to-d'ecay my-flesh, even-my-
¦ " skin :
" He-katk-broken my-bones : 5. *He-katk-built upon-
" me:
" Even-he-hath-compassed t around mine-head, so-
" that-it-hatk-been-weary :"
11. " Into-my-way he-hath-|repeatedly-turned-aside;"—
15. " He-hath-saturated-me with-extreme-bitterness; he-
" kath-drenched-me witk-wormwood."
18. " Even-I-have-said ; Hath-perished my-superiority,
" Even-mine-hope by-means-of Jehovah :"
22. " The-paternal-affections-of Jehovah (d.) bave-not
" been-exhausted :

* These alphabetical or acrostic sentences would seem to favour
Bp. Lowth's system of long verses: but the metrical arrangement
of such may occasionally vary from that of the acrostic without
interrupting each other. A poetical licence of this sort may serve
to break the monotonous regularity.
Add to the first verb of 7 and 9. its substantive, by a repetition
of the word.
The metrical and acrostic arrangements thus vary in the follow
ing verses.

11.

12—3. 4. 3.

46.

47—3.

4.

4.

16.

17—3. 4. 3.

49.

50—4.

4.

3.

18.

19—3. 4. 3,

52.

53—3.

4.

4.

20.

21—4. 3. 4.

54.

55—4.

4.

3.

26.

27—3. 4. 4,

58.

59—4.

4.

3.

30.

31—3, 4. 3.

63.

64—3.

4.

4.

38.
44.

39—4. 4. 4.
45—3. 4. 3.

65.

66—4.

4.

4.

f 2 Kings xi. 8.
X As often as I endeavoured to avoid his attack. But, see Bp.
Horsley, who on Hosea iv. 16, defends the public translators.

288 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
23. " * New-have-been his-compassions every-morning s
"Surely great-is thy-tfaithful-promise!"
25. " Favourable is-Jehovak to-him-who-waiteth-for-himy
" To-him Jwho.seeketh-him.
26. " Favourable-is-he ; therefore-let-every-one-hope,
" even-let-him-silently-expect
" The-restoration-of Jehovah : 27. Favourable-is-he
" to- § a- warrior,
" When || he-imposeth a-Hyoke upon-bis-youth :
28. " When-**ke-dwelleth aloue, even-is-silent :
" When [a-yoke-] is-heavy upon-him :
29. " When-he-applietk upon-tke-dust kis-moutk;
" If-peradventure tkere-be hope :
SO. " When-be-presenteth to-bis-smiter a-cheek ;
" When-he-is-filled-full witb-reproach. 31. Surely
" ttfor-ever
* Transpose, with Dr. B., the last word of v. 22. d. the two
preceding, and transpose »3 to the beginning of the second metre
of this verse. This conjunction appears to have been twice inserted
in v. 22. to define what the prophet in v. 21. revolved in his heart :
but, the metre rejects it, together with the gloss which follows it in
the latter place.
•f- Jer. iv. 14., v. 1., vi. 8., vii. 28.
X Either the understood relative may accomplish the metre, or
the two first terms of the verse, by the latter part of the third rule
in the Introduction, pp. vii. xx.
,§ Jer. xxvii. 12., xxxviii. 17. H Jehovah.
^f Jer, xxvii. 12.
** The warrior, making no resistance to superior power divinely
commissioned. The prudent meekness of an overpowered warrior,
in the first metre of ver. 30, softening the rigour of his savage con
queror, has afforded an example, the interpretation of which has
called for the imitation of all persons, whether conquered, or not.
ft Transpose ; and read in a limited sense, ' for a long time,' as
passim.

OF LAMENTATION'S. ' 289
" Will-not cast-off Jehovah :
32. " Surely although he-hatb-afflicted,
" Yet-will-he-have-compassion according-to-tke-
" *greatness-of kis-paternal- *affection :
33. " Surely he-hath*not acted willingly,
" In-that-he-hath-afflicted tpersons-of condition.
34 J." The-crushing §into the-ground
" Every-one-of tbe-prisoners-of the-land ;
35. " The-laying-low-of || the-written-law-of a- warrior
" Before the-face-of Sa-superior;

* Keri, sixty-eight MSS., and seven editions, ' multitude —
' affections.' X Zedekiah ; the warrior in vv. 27. 35. 39. The present com
prehension of vv. 25 — 38. assigns this chapter to a time previous
to Zedekiah's rebellion. In the 20th verse of ch. iv. the kin? had
o
shaken off the yoke, and was in the hands of his Babylonian ene
mies. It is to be noted, that between a great man and a common man
both the Hebrew writers and the Greek interpreters have made a
distinction, by using separate words for each, which our English
translators have omitted. A son of man may therefore in the
Bible mean, either a person of humble' origin, or a man of rank,
according as the word is in the Hebrew or in the Greek. By an
other Hebraism, a son of God, or an angel of God, or a city of
God, or a wind of God; or a spirit of God, may denote any thing
very great or miraculous in its kind. By another also, the plural
number, for example, seas or Gods, are not designed to express
plurality, but intensity, as the great sea, which to the Hebrews
was the' Mediterranean ; and, the great God, their Jehovah. Well-
retained advocates of opinion ! frown not on the spirit of criticism
rising above the esprit de corps!
X Misfortunes consequent upon the Babylonian invasion, re.
counted in vv. 34, 35, 36.
§ Heb. ' Under his-feet.'
II The religion. f Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon,
2 p

$90 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
56. " The-wronging-of a-*poor-man in-his-claim ;
" Jehovah hath-not t approved.
S7. " Who is- X this- who bath-spoken, sa-that-faatk-come-
" to-pass
" Tkat-which-Jebovak katk-not commanded I
38. " At-the-command-of a-superior cannot proceed
" Adversity, or-prosperity. 39. Wkerefore should-
" surrender-kimself-to-grief
" A- § common-man, || or-a- warrior. for-I kaving-miss-
" ed-his-aim ?"
* The prophet himself in his property at Anathoth.
f Tsade, vice Aleph. X Superior, v. 35.
§ Himself. || Vau instead of 'Ft.
f ' His sin.' — LXX. ' Tbe punishment of his sins.' — English
translators. ' His suffering for sin.' — Dr. Blayney. The primary
meaning of the original word is, * to deviate from, or miss a scope,
' or aim :' Mr. P. Jeremiah, the common man, and Zedekiah,
the warrior, must both have -wished to aim at better fortune than
they found : and their having been unfortunate might occasion
grief to both ; which, as Mr. P. observes, seems the meaning of the
Hithpahel reduplicate, rather than, to ' murmur,* as LXX., or, to
* complain,' as public translators and Dr. B. Bp. Lowth on
Is. xl. 2. has asserted, that both in this passage and in Zech. xiv.
19. the word commonly translated, sin, denotes, punishment fir
sin. In the latter, calamity, or plague, would seem better autho
rised by a word so translated in the immediately preceding verse,
and the same translation would well suit die meaning of our pro
phet ; nor does Mr. Parkhurst recognise the word in the sense
given to it by out public translators, Bp. L., and Dr. B.
The word at ch. i. 8. must signify, sin. In the present passage
it was not necessary for the prophet to remind the king either of
sin, or of its punishment : but, the word will demand further con
sideration at iv. 6. 13. 22., v. 7.
In vv. 46, 47, 48., as in 16, 17- -of "the preceding chapter, the
prophet wisely made alphabetical order to yield to sense and con
nection.

OF LAMENTATIONS. 29.1
56. " My-voice thou -bast-heard ; < Hide4hou not
" Thine-ear tto-my -relief, to-my-cry.'"
58. " Thou-hast-contended, Jehovah! in-the-controver-
" sies concerning-me :
" Tkou-hastt- vindicated my-life. 59. Tkou-kast-
" observed, Jekovak !
" My- X wrongs : thou-bast- § dispensed my-written-
" law."
62. " The-lips-of those- who-rose-up-against-me ; even-
" their-menaces
'" Against-me all the-day."
65. " Thou-wilt-give to-them, with-profusion-of heart,
" Thy-curse upon4kem ; 66. Tkou-wilt-pursue in-
" anger
" Until-thou-hast-destroyed-them from-under the-
" heavens-of Jekovah."
Ch. IV. The prophet, who in vv. 1 — 8. * contrasts
' in various affecting instances ' the fall of his coun
trymen with their antecedent prosperity, throughout
the chapter pathetically deplores the effects of the
long siege in Zedekiah's reign, the famine, the flight,
and captivity of the king. The captivity of Edom
is foretold, vv. 21, 22 : and also in the latter ver. the
completion of the punishment of Jerusalem for ido
latry. 1. " How is-tarnished gold !
" Is-changed the-stamped-gold, the-best!
* To afford to me relief, when I cry. For the transcriber's
mistake in ver. 57, see note on ii. 18.
t See note on Is. lx. 16. X LXX.
§ LXX. and similar letter in the original.

292 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Are-poured-out *stones-of peculiar-appropriation
" At-the-top-of every-one-of the-streets !
--&. " Tbe-sons-of Sion, the-precious,
" Who-are-comparable with -fine-gold, how
<f Have-they-been-accounted earthen-jugs-of an-arti«i
" ficer,
" Woik-of hands-of a-potter !
3. " Also dragons have-drawn-out
" The-breast ; they -have-suckled their-young :
" The-tdaughter-of myrpeople bath-not-been as'?
" |one-of-these,
" But as-ostriches in-the-desert.
4. " Hath-adhered the-tongue-of theTSUcking-ckild
" Unto his-palate in-thirst :
" Infants have-asked bread :
" One-who-reached-it-out hath-not-been unto-them.
§ 5. " They-who-had-fed upon dainties bave-been-forlorn^
" in-the-streets :
" They-who-had-been-nurs?d upon scarlet
" Have-rolled-upon dunghills : §6. Eyen-hatk-ibeen-
" great tbe-||punishment-of
* Stone vessels, far superior to earthen- and potter's ware, v. %
See Exodus i. 16., vii. 19. The persons of rank in Jerusalem seem
denoted : see them in v. 2.
X Under the daughter of my people Zedekiah seems censured
for his rebeliion and flight, thus leaving his people, as the ostriches
their young. See Mr. P. on that word.
X Instead of Resch read He.
§ Me:re 4. 3. 4. -4. 3. 4.
|| The word here translated * punishment,' is by the public trans
lators rendered ' punishment of iniquity ;' as also in v. 22. and in
Leviticus xxvi. 41. 43., Ezek. xiv. 10., &c. &c. Its verb signifies,
to pervert ; and therefore its primary meaning is perverseness : in
stead of which ' iniquity' generally appears in translations. Hann,
¦would make good sense in 1 Sam. xxviii. 10., 2 K. vii. 9. where

OF LAMENTATIONS. 293
" The-daughter-of my-people beyond-tbe-* calamity-
" of Sodom,
" Which-was-overthrown as in-an-itistant ;
" Neither became- tweak within-her hands.
7. " Purer-kave-been ber.-distinguished-sons than-snow ;
. " They-hayefbeen-wbiter than-milk: they-have-been-t
" ruddier upon-the-bone
" Than-rubies : sapphire hath-been-their-veining.
8t. " Duskier tkan-the-dawn hatb-been-tbeir-counte-

<¦<¦

nance ;

it is translated 'punishment,' and ' mischief,' or 'iniquity;' and
might not be unsuitable to both passages in this chapter : but, it is
conceived, that where the word imports punishment, it is punish
ment of idolatry ; and where it is usually interpreted iniquity, it
means the great rebellion or perverseness of idolatry, the principal
subject of human offence in the Old Testament. See vv. 13. 22.,
ii. 14., v. 7- j Is. xl. 2., liii. 6. ; Jer. iv. 15., li. 6.; xxxii. 27.,
xxxix. 23., xliv. 10. 12. ; Ezek. iv. 4, 5, 6. 17-, vii. 13. 16. 19.,
xiv. 10.; Hos. xiii. 12.; Zech. iii. 4.
* Public translators ; ' punishment of sin.' From the primary
meaning, of missing a scope or aim, two senses are in the Lamen
tations derived ; the figurative, being unfortunate, in this and
v. 13., iii. 39., v. 16., Exod. x. 17.; Ezek. xxiii. 49., xxviii. 16.,
and also the figurative, deviating from the mark of rectitude, ren
dered ' sinning' in v. 22., i. 8., v. 7,
The LXX. give an extraordinary translation, which is at vari
ance with the context : ' the transgression of the daughter of my
' people is greater than the transgression of Sodom :' but it is re
markable, that the sin of Sodom is expressed Gen. xiii. 13, and
xviii. 20., by the same word in the original, which in the present
instance denotes its calamity. It cannot therefore mean only ' a
• fault committed through inadvertence,' as Bp. Horsley on Hosea,
p. 184. The word has also in some places another sense, to unsin, or
cleanse from sin, as Ps. li. 9. or 7., Is. liii. 12, &c. See note on iii. 39,
f By famine, as in Jerusalem.
X Ver. S marks a vicissitude from ver. 7.

894 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Tkey-kave-not been-distinguished in-the-streets :
" Hath-been-closely-bound tbeir-skin upon tkeir-
"¦ bones:
" Withered it-katk-been as-wood.
*9. " Happier bave-been the-slain-by the-sword
" Than-the-slain-by famine : because-tke-former are-
" more-quickly-poured-out
" Than-the-transfixed by-want-of-tbe-produce-of the-
" field.
* 10. " The-hands-of women tenderly-affectionate have-
" boiled
" Tbeir-children : they-have-been food to-them
" In-the-ruin-of the-daughter-of my-people.
til. " Hath-fully- vented Jehovak kis fury:
" He-kath-poured-out the-heat-of his-anger, even-
" hath-kindled
" A-fire in-Sion, wbicb-hath-devoured its-fouuda-
" tions.
12. " Have-not believed kings-of tke-earth,
" Neither-all the-inhabitants-of the-world, .
" Tkat would-enter a-distresser,
" Even-an-enemy, within-tbe-gates-of Jerusalem.
13. " On-account-of-the- J calamity her-prophets, on-ac-
" count-ofc§ idolatries her-priests,
" Who-have»beenf || poured-out in-the-midst-of-her,
" the? 11 very acquitted,
14. " Have-wandered frantic tkrougb-the-streets ;
" Have-been-stained wifh-blood ** upon-tkeir-clotbes :
* Metre 4. 4, 3. f M, 4, 4. 4.
} See iii. 39., iv. 6., v. 16, § See note on ver. 6.
|| Ver. 1.
i\ Gimel for Dhaleth. The pure worshippers,
** Trs.

OF LAMENTATIONS. 295
" Wben4hey-have-not been-overpowered, they-have-
" been-stricken.
*15. " Depart-ye, eack-polluted-person ! tthey-bave-pro-
" claimed to-them :
" Depart-ye, depart-ye ; touch-ye not :
" Surely they-bave-contended, even-wkilst they-have-
" wandered :
" They-have-said (d.); ^They-shall-not any-more
" sojourn :
16. " The-countenance-of Jehovah, tkeir-portion,
" Will-not any-more regard-tkem:
" The-persons-of priests they-bave-not respected:
" Elders they-bave-not favoured.
17. " Whilst-yet-we-kave-existed, kave-fkiled our-eyes :
" For-kelp-unto-us in-vain upon-our-watck-tewer
" kave-we-watehed,
" For a- ^nation which-cannot save.
18. " Tbey-bave-hunted our- 1| steps, tbat-we-could-not-
" pass along-our-streets :
" Hath-approached our-end ; they-have-accomplish-
" ed our-days:
" Surely bath-come our-end.
19. " Swifter have-been our-pursuers
* M. 4. 4. 4. 4.
X The wandering and hunger-frantic prophets and priests have
thus proclaimed to the idolaters, who had been the cause of the
calamity. X The idolaters shall soon, either die by famine or sword, or go
into captivity.
§ If the Egyptian, impotent : if the Babylonian, destroying.
But, most probably Pharaoh Hophrah: see Jer. xxxvii. 5.
|| ' It is probable that the engines of war are here alluded to,
which being played off from the enemies' mounts, that overlooked
the city, made it unsafe for the citizens to pass along the streets.'
Dr. B., much of whose translation is often t.iciily adopted.

296 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Than-eagles-of the-heavens : upon the-motintains
" They-have-eagerly-followed-us-up ; in-the-wilder-
" ness they-have-lien-in-ambush for-us.
20. " The-*breath-of our-nostrils, the-anointed-of Je-
" hovah,
" Hath-been-taken in-their-snares : concernirig-whom
" we-have-said,
" Under-his-shadow we-shall-live among-nafions.
21 . " Rejoice-thou ; even-be-thou-glad, daughter-of
"tEdom!
" Who-dwellest in-the-land-of Uz.
" Also unto-thee shall-pass
" A- X cup : thou-shalt-drink-abundantly ; ev'en-thou-
" shalt- § strip-thyself-naked.
22. " Completed-hath-been thy- 1| punishment, thou-
" daughter-of Sion !
" It-shall-not any-more cause-thee-to-go-into-capti-
" vity :
" Cometh-on thy-punishment, thou-daughter-of
"Edom!
" Thou-art-going-a-captive upon-account-of thine-
" || idolatries."
Ch. V. An address of the prophet unto Jehovah
on the occasion of the aforementioned calamities.
5. " 5 Upon our-necks have-we-been-pursued:" —
6. " Egypt ! we-bave-submitted ourselves :

* Zedekiah ; rightly Dr. B.
f The hereditary enemy of Jacob. Ps. cxxxvii. 7.; Obad. 10 — 12.
X Jer. xxv. 15. § To alleviate the heat of drink.
|| See note on v. 6.
5 Rigorously and closely followed up.

OF LAMENTATIONS. 297
" *Assyria ! tfor-a-fill-of bread."
9. " At-tbe-expense-of-our-lives we-procurc our-bread,
" On-account-of the-sword-of tbe-subduer.
10. " Our-skins, as-in-a-furnace, have-been-parched
" By-means-of the-scorching-blasts-of £ famine."
13. " Young-men to-§ grinding have-submitted :
" Even-boys under-^wood have-stumbled."
15. "Hath-ceased the- 1| delight-of our-beart:" 
16, end. "Woe (d.) is-unto-us: surely we-kave- H suf-
" fered-calamity."
18. " **Upon mount Sion, which-is-desolate,
" tt Foxes have-walked, evcn-over-it.
19. "But-thou, Jehovah! for-ever remainest:" —
20. "Wherefore Xt unto-time-victorious wilt-thou-for-
" get- us ?
" Wilt-thou-abandon-us for-a-length-of days ?
22. " §§But thou-hast-altogether rejected-us:
" Thou-bast-been-wroth against-us exceedingly."
* General term for Babylon. Is. Iii. 4.
f Subdued by famine. X "• 19.
j The hardest work and the heaviest burdens. Respecting the
metrical ellipses in vv. 2, 3. 14. see the latter part of the third rule
in the Introduction, pp. vii. xx.
| Jerusalem. See ii. 15.; Is. viii. 6., xxxii. 14., lx. 15., Ixii. 5.,
Ixv. 18.; Ps. xlviii. 2. Also ' the crown of our head' is Jerusa
lem, ver. 16. So by Isaiah Samaria is called ' the proud crown
'of the drunkards of Ephraim.' xxviii. 1.
f See note on iv. 6. ** LXX.
tt Ezek. xiii. 4.
XX Or, after victory. See Additions on Is. xxv. 8.
§§ Keep the particle rejected by the six MSS. The complaint
is in the style of the prophets, in behalf of the people of Jehovah,

2 Q

READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS OP
E Z E KIE JL»

Ch. I. 1. * Visions of God.
Ch. +11. 1. JSon of man.
* Alsoxl. 1. Great sights, or dreams of the night. See die word so
connected, Gen. xlvi. 2. This vision of the chariot-throne of Jehovah
appears to have been the dream of a young priest, divinely im
pressed with a sense of his duty, in preparing his countrymen for
a future restoration from captivity, by withdrawing them from
idolatry. To detach a reader from his attention to the sober inter
pretation of Abp. Newcome, is by no means intended by the asser
tion, that if a general comprehension of the vision, as denoting
the glorious majesty of Jehovah, v. 28., satisfy not, the different
parts of it, like those of a dream, so far from submitting to accu
racy of interpretation, bid fair to mock and defy for ever what
ever attempts of criticism may be made to elucidate themv The
mission of Isaiah, ch. vi., had doubtless filled the mind of the
young Ezekiel in his waking hours antecedently to his dream of his
own introduction to the prophetical • office. The aenigmatic dif
fusion of this prophet may be considered as a mark of a declining
age, and perhaps of the captivity of the language, or of the mind,
as well as of the- people. The text, unlike that of some of the
other prophets, appears to have been in general well preserved.
f Morning Lesson for sixteenth Sunday after Trinity.
X SerJer. xlix. 18. 33., 1. 40., where Son of man denotes a per
son of humble condition, in contradistinction to Wtt, a man of
rank. The Syriac HUH 13 is the « son of a mortal,' like the Chal-

300 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
2. The * spirit.
3. " Unto t nations who-are-rebellious" 
Ch. III. 18 — 21. The wicked and the righteous,
according to the general translations of these verses,
denote, as in the other prophets,, and in the psalms,
the guilty of idolatry, and the ^acquitted of idolatry :
the terms in the original are forensic. Idolatry was
the great national transgression of the law; and the
offences of individuals seem in general to have been
left for punishment to the magistrate. See Inter
pretations of Isaiah and Jeremiah, passim..
Ch. IV. Subject, the siege of Jerusalem in Zede
kiah's reign.
2. — " Even-build-thou against-it a-wall-of ^circum-
" vallation;"—
4. " Even-thou, lie-thou upon thy-side
"The-left: even-place- thou the-punishment-of the-
" idolatry-of
" The-house-of Israel ||upon-it:
dee \mn IS, Dan. vii. 13. See Abp. N. Subject of chapters ii.
and iii. mission of the prophet to his idolatrous countrymen in cap-.
tivity. * Mr. ParkhuTst, referring to iii. 14., understood a miraculous
wind from Jehovah : but, why not either the will, as at i. 12. 20.,
or the stormy wind, as at i. 4.? LXX in this last-mentioned, o
wind lifting up, and in i. 12. a tvind proceeding, and here only a
wind. See viii. 3.
X Idolatrous Israel and Judah.
t The word applied to Jehovah, Exod. ix. 27-, Ps. li. 4., appears
to signify, acquitted of severity. See Sermon on Fast, 1808.
§ Mr. P. seems disposed to read, as Jer. Iii. 4. end.
|| Upon the house of Israel.

OF EZEKIEL. SOI
" According-to-the-number-of tbe-days which thou-
" shalt-lie
" Upon-it thou-shalt-* lift-up the tpunishment-of-
" their-idolatry.
5. " For-I have-appointed unto-thee
" Tlie years-of the-punishment-of-their-idolatry,
" According-to-the-number-of days, three hundred
" And-ninety days, X in-which-thou-shalt-lift-up
" Punishment-of-idolatry upon-the-house-of Israel.
f. " Even-wbert-thou-shalt-have-accomplisbed these,
" tben-lie-thou
" Upon thy-right side ;
" Even-lift-thou-up § again the-punishment-of-idola-
" try
" Upon-tke-kouse-of Judak forty days:
" A-day for-a-year, a-day
" For-a-year have-1-appointed- 1| it unto-thee."
14. The metre rejects the middle negative particle,
whose force seems continued from the preceding.

* For this sense of the verb, see i. 19. 21., iii. 12. 14.
t The drawing of Jerusalem besieged meant the house of
Israel, v. 3. end. The plate of iron, v. 3., is presumed to have
been the sign of the punishment of the idolatry of the house of
Israel; upon which, that is, upon the tile containing the drawing
of Jerusalem besieged, the plate was to be laid, both as a weight
and as a cover. Thus the house of Israel suffered a weiglit of
punishment, by which its idolatry was covered, that is, removed.
X Three hundred and ninety days thou shalt lift up the plate
upon the tile. Again, v. 6., the same upon the same forty days.
§ Trs.
|| The punishment. The years, vv. 5, 6., must refer to the
duration of idolatry, and the days to the duration of its punish
ment by the long siege in Zedekiah's reign. See Abp. N.

302 READINGS AtfD INTERPRETATION*
15. The metre requires, Jehovah, in the third
place ; which occurs in one MS. and was read by
LXX and Ar. translators.
17. " *Because they-shall-want bread
" Even-water; even-they-shall-be-astbnished, eacb»
" man
" With-his-brother; even-they-shall-pine-away in-
" the-punishment-of-their-idolatry."
Ch. f V.
6. " Eveu-she-hath-changed my-writfen-laws unto-ido-
" latry
" X From the- nations;" 
1€. " When-I-shall-scnd the arrows-of
" Tbe-famine which-will-be-calamitous, updn-^them,
" Who have-been-appointed iustruments-of-destruc-
" tion,
lf Whom I-will-send to-destroy-you ;
" So-that-famine I-shall-collect upon-you,
" Even-shall-break for-you the-staff-of bread."
Ch. VI.
9. — " When I-have-broken their heart
" Which-was-|| public, which had-departed from-me;
* Seeker.
X Subject continued from ch. iv. and to the end of ch. vii.
X After their idolatrous example : LXX here iwice, and in v. 7.
Fcr the two preceding words, see the foregoing interpretations,
passim ; and so translate the former of them, vv. 6, 7, S. 10. 15.
§ The besiegers ; by the famine amongst whom the famine of
the city will not decrease.
y As idolatry is figuratively denoted by the original word in this

OF E-EK.IEL. 303
V Even4heir eyes,, wkic^rkadrheen-cpmnion
" After tbeirridpls:"-r-r-
Ch. VII.
*6, end. " Against-thee doth-it-not come?"
11. " Violence hath-risen-up upon-tbe-rod-of an-tidola-
"ter.""
13. ¦ " Surely a-heat-of
" X Anger is-upon all the-multitude-thereof:
" Shall-not return even-a-single-man in-the- § punish-
" ment-of-kis-idolatry :
place, in chh. xvi. and xxiii. throughout, in Ps. cvi. 38., as well as in
various otherpassages of theHebrew Scriptures, theend of interpreta
tion might have been as well answered by the adoption of a sense of the
term which is more decent, as by that of one which is less so. The
figurative meaning of the word is shown by the immediately sucT
ceeding clause. The heart which had departed from the pure
worship of the peculiar God, became public, together with the
eyes, and devoted to the general service of idols. Mr- Parkhurst
says : ' Some pretend that in Josh- ii. 1. and other passages, where
* Rahab is spoken of, the word should be interpreted an hostess,
' or taverner.' That sense, having been found not unsuitable in
Is, xxiii. 15 — 17., has been there adopted in the preceding inter
pretations ; and is also, for the decency of it, to. be preferred in the
prophet Ezekiel. An hostess, whose business it is to be attentive
to all customers of either sex, may, although without grossness,
denote Jerusalem or Judah or the people of Jehovah not confined
to his peculiar worship.
* Vv. 3. 8. For ' judge thee,' read • dispense-written-law-untor
'thee.' t Nebuchadnezzar, who prosecutes the siege with vigour. Rod
and pride in ver. 10. are Babylonian. See v. 23., and Jer. vi. 6, 7.
Omit the last negative particle comprehended in Vau.
X Supply the usual rectum, and also in the close of vv. 12. 14.
J See. also last word of v. 16.

304 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Ilis-life he-skall-not'strengthen-to-himself."
19. — " Even-their-gold a-thing-to-be-rejected shall-
" be :—
" Surely *an-occasion-of-stumbling the-punishment-
" of-their-idolatry hath-been.
20. " For,4he- 1 beauty -of their-ornaments, unto-.pride
" Tkey-have-turned-it ; even-the-images-of their-
" abominations :
" Their-detestable-things tbey-have-made with-it:"— -
21. — " Even-to-the-idolaters-of the- Jearth for-a-
" spoil,"—
23. "Make-thou the- % chain: surely the-land
" Is-full-of a- 1| written-law-of bloods ;
" Even-the-city is-full-of violence.
24. " For-I- will-bring cruel nations, who-shall-possess
"Their houses: even-I-will-make-to-cease
" Tke-pride-of the-strong : even-shall-be-profaned
" their-consecrated-things.
25. " He-hasteth, who-is-to-come : even-shall-be-sougbt
" Peace, but-in-vain : 26. Woe
" Upon woe shall-come;
" Even-rumour upon rumour shall-be :
" Even-they-shall-seek a-yision fromrthe-prophet :
" even-instruction
" Shall-perish from-the-priest, even-counsel fronuthe-,
" elders.
27. " The-king shall-lamcnt-himself; even-the -prince

* xiv. 3. 4. 7., xviii. 30.
t Gold and silver, the beauty of their ornaments, they have
converted to the uses of insolent idolatry.
X Land of Babylon.
§ Defensive partition.
|| Law of conquest. See vv. 10, 11., and Jer. vi. 6, 7,

OP EZEKIEL. 305
" Skall-be-clotbed witb-astoniskment ; even-the-
" hands-of
" The-people-of the-Iand sball-be-troubled.
" According-to-tbeir-way I- will-do unto-them;
" Even-according-to-their-written-Iaws I-will-di-
" spense-to-them- * written-law; even-they-
" shall-know
" That I-am Jekovah."
Ch. +VIII.
3. " A-wind" (see.ii. 2.) " even-brought me
" To-Jerusalem by-great sights, (i. 1.)
— " A-Jpillar-of an-idol who-had-provokingly
" X usurped."
5, end. " This provoking idol in-the-entry."
17, end.  " even-do-they-not extend
" The ^branch before their-faces ?"
Ch. || IX.
2. — " Even-every-man his-f battle-ax in-his-hand:"
6.  " **neither-those-wbo-are-consecrated-to-
" me profane-ye." —
9. " Then-be-said unto-me, The-idolatry-of
" The-house-of Israel, even-of-Judah,
" Is-very exceedingly great :
" Therefore-hath-been-filled the-land witb-blood ;
" even-the-city
" Hath-been-filled with-a-ttrod: because" —
* Death, or national ruin, the legal punishment of idolatry.
t Subject, the idolatry of Jerusalem. X LXX.
J The common version is preferred to thatjof Abp. N. See
Mr. Parkhurst on the word.
|| Subject, destruction of Jerusalemby Nebuchadnezzar, to xi. 13.
H Jer. li. 20.
** Usual translation : * and begin at my sanctuary.'
XX T»- 10.
2 R

306 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Ch. *XI.
2. — " Who-devise idolatry,"—
5. "Then-fell upon-me ta-great spirit;
"Even-one-said unto-me;" —
— " Even-the-things-which-ascend upon-your-Jmind
" I know,-every-one-of-them."
9, end. " Even-I-wiII-execute against-you § written -laws."
10.  " I-will- 1| dispense- written-laws unto-you;" —
12. — " Even-my-written-laws ye-have-not executed ;
" but-according-to-the-written-laws-of
" The-nations which* are-round-about-you ye-have-
" acted."
16. — " Yet-have- 1 1-be^en unto-them as-a-sanctuary a-
" short-time," —
21. " But-with-respect-to-every-one-wbo, according- to-
" their-detestable-things, even-according-to-
" their-abominations, in-** their- heart
" **Hath-walked, their-proceeding upon-their-heads
" I-kave-recompensed."
24. " Then- 1 ta-wind " 
— " By-a-grcat + X mind." —

* On the sublime machinery of this and the preceding chapter,
compare ch. i. On x. 2, end, Abp. N. says : ' A beautiful pro-
' phecy, that Jerusalem should be burnt by the Babylonians.'
t See v. 24. beneath. Jehovah, or God, in the original, added
to a substantive in regimine, equally denotes intensity.
X The same word as in v. 19. and other places translated spirit.
j Heemanthic lost in the preceding letter.
|| The same, v. 11. ^f Restoration promised, v. 17.
** Change of number frequent with the Hebrew writers.
tf ii. 2., viii. 3.
X X Or, by means of a great wind. ' But prefer mind,' in the sense
of that which was in Joseph, Gen. xli. 38.; in Balaam, Num. xxiv. 2.;
and in Daniel, iv. 8. 18., and v. 11.

OF EZEKIEL. 307
Ch. *XII.
3. — « Make-tkou to-thyself preparation for-removing-
" into-captivity;" —
4. " Even-tkou-skalt-carry-fortk tky-furniture as-pre-
" paration for-removing, &c." —
7. " £ven-I-did so as
"Jehovak t commanded." —
16. " For-I-will-leave"—
19. _« ^In tke-land-of Israel
" Their-bread with-solicitude tbey-sball-eat ; —
" Because shall-become-desolate their-land, having-
" nothing-in-it,
" On-account-of-the-violence-of § all wko-dwell
" tkerem."
Ch. || XIII.
2. — " Against I prophets-of Israel wko-propkesy ;
" Even-say-tkou unto-tbose-who-prophesy **from-
" their-own-beart;"
4. " ttAs-foxes in-deserts thy-prophets,
" Israel, have-been ; 5. X t Wken-ye-kad-not ascended
* Subject* 1 — 16, captivity of the people of Jerusalem, particu
larly king Zedekiah.
f Read the two first letters for the verb. Ver. 6. A persuasive
sign. Mr. P. Vv. 2, 3. An incorrigibly idolatrous house.
X Or, upon ; and thus point. Vv. 17 — 20. another sign: 21 —
25. and 26 — 28. corrections of mistaken proverbs.
§ The enemy.
|| Sixteenth Sunday after Trinity, afternoon lesson. The sub
ject will be plain from the following interpretations and notes.
1[ Deriders of the true prophets. See v. 17. and xii. 24.
** Not commissioned by Jehovah, and prophesying what they
wish. Vv. 2, 3. « spirit' and ' heart' the same.
tf Appearing in unfrequented places. Lam. v. 18,
XX Prefix Vau.

308 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Amongst-the-breaches, nor-walled-up the-wall
" Before the-* representative -of Israel,
" That-he-might-stand in-battle tin-the-day-of Je-
" hovah."
6, end. " Even-they-have-occasioned-languor by-the-
" promulgation-of-their-prophecy."
10. — " ' It-is-well ;' when-it-was-far-from well :
"Even-one J built-up a-wall." —
11. — " That-it§ -hath-fallen: hath-been an-overflowing
" shower ;
" Even-I-have-appointed, tkat -stones as-large-as-gems
" shall-fall,
" Even-that-a-stormy wind shall-rend.
12. " Thus-hath-not fallen the-wall ?
" Shall-it-not be-said" 
18. " Woe unto-the-women-who-connect cushions
" For all || hollows-of arms :
* Zedekiah,
X Perhaps, ' in-a-great day,' as xi. 5. 24., in the sense of in
tensity. The day of the capture of the city is in either case de
noted. X By the sign of building a wall, or rebuilding, see v. 5., they
prophesied continuance : and by the untempered, or badly pre
pared, mortar, they designed to foretel, that no violence should
disturb the standing of a wall, however rudely raised. These false
prophets foretold, that no captivity should happen to Zedekiah : in
Lam. ii. 14. they foretel the perpetual rejection of the families of
the captives with JecOniah.
<J Future converted by Vau into a prxter, and that prophetic, as
also the verb substantive.
• || The space between the upper half of the arm and the body.
Cushions or couch-pillows, thus supporting the arm upon which
the head rested, denoted a state of ease and tranquillity. These
pretended prophetesses may have been the ladies of Zedekiah's
court, or the fashionables of Jerusalem ; who in articles of luxury
made no distinction between prosperous and adverse times ; and
for their female friends rising to maturity prepared close veils

OF EZEK.IEL. 309
" Even-wko-make close-veils for-the-head-of
" Every woman-who-riseth-up to-catch persons !
" Whether-persons will-ye-catch , amongst-my-peo-
"ple?
" Even-persons *amongst-yourselves will-ye-save-
" alive?
19. " Ye-wbo-havet -profaned me before my-people
" For-bandfuls-of barley, even-for-pieces-of bread,
" To-|bring-to-death persons who
" Should-not die, even§-to-save-alive
" Persons who skould-not live
" By-your-false-assertions to-my-people, wko-have-
" hearkened to-falsehood ?
20. " Therefore thus hath-spoken Jekovak ;
" Am-not-I || he-who will-appoint I to-be-separated
" Your cushions ? together-witb the-persons
" Which-ye-employ-yourselves-in-catching? so-tbat-
" I-will-rend the-former
" Out-of-reach-of your-arms : even-1-will-send-away
" The persons whom ye
(Mr. P.) or ornamental dress, to allure the other sex into an union,
to which times of difficulty are not favourable. ' Woe unto them
* who are with child, and to them who givg suck in those days'
(Matth. xxiv, 19.) when ' the hands of women tenderly affec-
' donate' should ' boil their children, for food to them in the ruin
' of the daughter of my people !' Lam. iv. 10.
* Will ye be able to save, each her individual, life in the de
stined siege ?
f Have tauntingly denied the predictions of punishment for
idolatry, by engaging for the merest trifles, that they never should
be accomplished.
X By persuading them not to surrender to the enemy. See Jer.
xxxviii. 17.
§ To endeavour to save alive the idolaters.
y Trs. f To separations. Trs. and LXX.

310 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Catch, the-* effeminate, t to-be-separated.
21. " Even-I-will-rend your close- veils;
" Even-I-will-deliver my j people from-your-kand :
" Neitker shall-tbey-be any-more
" In-your-hand to-be-caught : even-ye-shall-know,
" That I-am Jehovah.
22. " Because bath-been-bruised the-heart-of the-ac-
" quitted
" § By-idolatry, whom-I would-not have -grieved ;
" So-as-to-strengthen the-hands-of the-idolater, that-
" ke-should-not
" Turn from-his-evil way, to-be-saved-alive ;
23. " Therefore vanity ye-shall-not see,
" Even- 1| divination ye-shall-not divine any-more:
" Even-I-will-deliver my people from-your-hand ;
" So-that-ye-sball-know that I-am Jehovah."
Ch. 1XIV.
3. " Son-of man ! the-men these-are,
" **Who have-made to- tt ascend their-idols
* See Dr. B. on Lam. ii. 20.
X To separations : LXX. Both the couch-cushions, which the
prophesying females had connected, and the persons whom they
had allured into the dalliance of peace and prosperity, were alike
ordained to be separated.
X Nationally they should not, although individually they might,
be lost by the allurements of idolatresses ; who both here and in
the 23d verse are doomed to speedy destruction.
§ By the continuance of idolatry, and by the impudent false.
hoods of the idolatresses.
|| Or, divining ; that is, ye shall not divine at all any more.
^f Seventeenth Sunday after Trinity, morning lesson. Vv. 1 — 8.
Against idolatry and hypocrisy.
* * See v. 4.
ff For this phrase, see Jer. iii. 16., vii. 31., xliv. 21., li. 50.

OF EZEKIEL. 311
" Upon their-heart : therefore *-an-occasion-of-
" stumbling the-punishment-of-their-idolatry
" tHath-been-set before their-faces.
" Shall-I-be- J sought at-all by-them?
4. " Therefore speak-tkou witk-them, even-say-tkou
" Unto-tbem, Thus hath-spoken Jehovah ;
" Every-one of-the-house-of Israel
" Who maketh-to-ascend his idols
"Upon bis-beart, even-thus- § an-occasion-of-stum-
" bling the-punisbment-of-his-idolatry
" Placeth before his-face,
" Even-then-cometh unto tbe-prophet,
" I , Jehovah have-caused-an-answer-to-be-returned
" to-him" (d. 3.) :
Vv. || 13, 114. Famine. 15, 16. Desolating ani
mals, possibly locusts. 17, 18. Sword. **19, 20.
Pestilence. * National ruin, as the punishment of idolatry, hath been cer
tain. See vv. 4. 7., and vii. 19.
f One hath set it. X See xx. 1. 3. 31.
§ His national ruin. See vv. 3. 7-, and vii. 19. This the
elders of Israel might wish, by hypocrisy and. coming to the pro
phet, to prevent. In ver. 6. the metre requires the word which
Abp. N. would understand. V. 9. a prophet, such as xiii. 2, 3.
Vv. 9 — 11. punishment of idolatry. Also compare xvi. 51., xxiii. 49.P
.xxviii. 16.; and Lam. iv. 6, &c.
|| ' sinneth against-me,
' By-going-aside into-defection.' — See xv. 8.
f The postponement of the name of Job, a presumption th.it
he lived not prior to Daniel.
** D. ' in-blood.' Vv. 14. and 20. end, * They by-their-acquittal
* should-deliver but-thamselves.' So from the infliction of four
calamities together, v. 21, only such as Noah, Daniel, and Job,
should escape.

312 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Ch. *XVI.
3, end. " Thy-father-was an-tAmorite ;" —
15.  " even-hast-become- X hospitable" —
— " Thine hospitalities upon every-one
" Who-passed: to-him §thou-then-wast."
16. — " || Chapels variegated, even-hast-dispensed-hospi-
" tality Hupon-them :" —
17, end. " **Images-of a-male, even-kast-become-ttan-
" kostess towards-tkem."

* For the decent interpretation of this intelligible chapter, see
note on vi. 9.
X The riches of Sihon, king of the Amorites, might have
laid a foundation for the future prosperity of Jerusalem.
X See note on vi. 9. It is not agreed, with Abp. Newcome, that
* the images are adapted to a people immersed in sensuality,' or
* to men among whom, at that time, no refinement subsisted.' He
is right in adding that ' large allowance must be made for lan-
' Suage addressed to an ancient eastern people:' but, that they were
then ' in the worst period of their history,' that ' all their ideas
' were sensual,' and that ' their grand inducement to idolatry was
' the brutal impurities which it encouraged,' or that their idolatry
did encourage such brutal impurities, does not clearly appear. At
ver. 4, end, translate ' swathed ;' ver. 5, end, with Mr. P., ' in
* the filth of thy person ;' ver. 13, end, d. the last word, and finish
with ' prosper ;' and ver. 14, end, render, ' In-the-elegance [the
dress] which I-had-placed upon-thee.'
§ Read Thau instead of Yod. Thou wast devoted alike to
every passing customer, as a person who keeps an inn or a public
house. [] Here the allegory is dropped for the true meaning, idolatry.
^[ ' Upon the garments. Finish the verse from Abp. N.'s note.
¦** Male images, LXX., probably Bel and Nebo: see Inter
pretation of Is. lvii. 4.
tt Waited on them, as an hostess does on customers. The

OF EZEK.IEL. 3 13
20, end. — " Is-it-a-small-matter amongst-thy-condescen-
" sions ?
21. " Even-thou~hast-*slain my sons ;
" Even-thou-hast-delivered-them-up, in-making-to-
" tpass them unto-them. '
23. " Therefore-hath followed-thee thy-calamity,
" Woe, woe unto-thee:
24. " Because-thou-hast.-t. built"  ¦
25.  " even-hast- % parted
" Thy feet to-every-one who-passed,
" Even-hast-multiplied thine attentions."
idolatry is, by this representation, strongly marked ; and without
grossness. In the latter verb of ver. 19, transpose the Nun be
yond the Thaus. See ver. 21.
* In vv. 20, 21. 'Sacrificed' — 'devoured' — 'slain' — 'pass,'
like the leading term which hath been grossly rendered in the
translations, are all expressions strongly figurative of entire dedi
cation to idolatry. 22. ' Thine-hospitalities.'
t Alienation of the people of Jerusalem from the worship of
Jehovah to that of the male images, xx. 26., xlviii. 14.
X Idolatrous chapels.
§ No indecent expression, it may be, of an hostess complaisantly
walking forward to meet her customers, and to invite them to her
hospitalities. But, supposing the worst interpretation, it would
only appear, that the eastern hostess might not invariably have
been a wife. If she was, as is represented Gen. xxxiv. 31.,
xxxviii. 15., it may be concluded from the latter instance, that
persons of such a description were not numerous ; othenvise they
would not have concealed themselves with a veil. For the nume
rous interpretations on the indecent side of the question, thanks to
the hireling of the church of Rome, St. Jerome ! Thank him a
thousand times, Por/e Damasus, and every succeeding wearer of
the triple crown, and dispenser of costly pardons: and masy.
many, .more ! 2 s

314 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
26. " Even-hast-thou-conferred-hospitality upon the
" Egyptians," —
 " Thy condescensions" 
27. " Therefore-have-not I-stretched-out " —
" Who-have-been-ashamed on-account-of-thy-man-
" ner-of * evil-thinking?"
30. "How hath-tnot fainted thine-heart,
" Whilst-thou-wast-performing all these things,
" The-work-of a-woman, who-is-an-imperious hostess ?
31. " Whilst-thou-wast-building" 
— " for-thy-raised-place thou-hast-made" —
" As-an-hostess accustomed -to-scorn J intercourse;
32. " But-as-a- woman an-§adultress, who-instead-of ber-
" husband
" Receivetb strangers.
33. " To-the-generality-of hostesses is-paid reckoning :
"But-thou hast-paid thy || reckonings
" To-all thy-customers ; even-thou-bast-bribed them
" To-come unto-thee from-all-quarters for-thine-hos-
" pitalities.
34. " Evcn-hath-been in-thee a-contrary
" From the-married-hostesses in-thine-hospitalities ;
" even -according- to-thee
" Is-not an-hostess .- even-because-thou-hast-f given
" custom ;
" But-custom hath-not been-given
"To-thee: therefore-thou-art contrary.
* Idolatry. The nations changed not their gods. Vv. 28, 29.
See ver. 26. The word again, see 43. 58., xxii. 9. 11., xxiii. 21.
27. 29. 35.44. 48, 49., xxiv. 13.
f Insert the negative particle. J Is. xxiii. 17, 18.
S Here the idolatry of Jerusalem is still more strongly marked.
|| In allusion to the expensive alliances with Babylon and Egypt,
v»hose idols were also adopted.
f Ver. 33.

OF EZEKIEL. 315
35. " Therefore, hostess ! kear-tkou " —
36. — " Because thou-hast-exposed thy-failing,
" Even-hath-been-manifest thine- *indecency, in-
" thine-hospitalities
" Towards thy-customers, even-towards all
" The-idols-of thine-abominations ; even-in-the-
" tblood-of thy-sons,
" Whom thou-hast-dedicated unto-tbem :
37. " Therefore shall-not-I assemble
" All thy customers,
" Whom unto thou-haSt-been-complaisant ;
" Even all whom thou-hast-loved,
" Together-with all whom thou-bast-hated ?
" Even-I- will-assemble them unto-tbee from-all-
" quarters ;
" Even-I-will- X expose tbine-indecency unto-them;
" So-that-they-shall-see all thine indecency.
38. " Even-I-will-dispense-to-thee written-laws against-
" adultresses,
" Even-women-who- ^ shed blood: even-I-will-give-
" to-thee
" Blood in-indignation, even-in-jealousy :
39. " For-I-will" 
43. — " Even-also I the-same
" Thy -way upon-thine-head have-recompensed;
" Neither hast-thou-executed the || evil-design
" According-to all thine-abominations.
44. " Shall-not every-one who-useth-proverbs
" Concerning-thee use-a-proverb ; As-is-the-mother,
" so-is-ber-daughter f "
* But, see ver. 8. t See vv- 20> 21- 38-> xxxiii> 26-
X See vv. 8. 39., xxiii. 10.; Lev. xviii. 6. ; Hab. ii. 15.
§ Vv. 20, 21. 36., xxii. 2., xxxiii. 25. In ver. 40. r. • over
whelm with stones,' 41. 'written-laws,' ' ihen-I-will,' ' an-hostess,'
' custom.' || Vv. 27. 58.

316 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
48. — " *Not hath-done Sodom, thy-sister ;
" She, even-her-daughter, as
" Ilast-done thou, even-thy-daughters.
49. " Hath-not f this been
" The-punishment-of-the-idolatry-of Sodom thy-
" sister ? '
" Transcendency, plenty-of bread,
" Even-prosperity-of rest was to-her,
" Even-to-her-daughfers : but-the-hand-of the-af-
" flicted,
" Even-of-the-needy she-hath-not strengthened :
50. " Even-have-they-been-haughty ; even-have-they-
" committed abomination before-me :
" Therefore ^-1-took-away them §when I-saw-it.
51. " But-Samaria according-to-half-of thy-calamities
"Hath-not || suffered -calamity : because-lbou-hast-
" multiplied
" Thine-abominations more-than-she :
" Even-thou-hast-acquitted thy sisters
" 5 By-all thine-abominations, as I-have-done."
54, end. — " in-thine-having-angered me." (LXX.)
56, end.  " in-the-day-of thine-eminence;
57. " Before was-exposed thy-calamity,
" As now thou-art-a-reproach-of
" * * Daughters-of Syria, even-of-all

* See LXX of Lam. iv. 6. f Ver- 50> end-
X The punishment, v. 49., to Sodom and her daughters was,
that they were taken away.
j Secker, from Syr. LXX., Chald.
|| See xxiii. 49., xxviii. 16.; and Lam. iv. 6.
f Jer. iii. 11. Ver. 52. 'acquitted,' twice. 53. ' Therefore-I-
will-bring again '-r-
** Cities. Sodom in disgrace was not mentioned by thee, al
though a sister ; in the same manner as now in thy turn diou art
mentioned only in reproach, by other cities.

OF EZEKIEL. 317
" Who-are-round-about-thee : even-daughters-of
" Philistines,
" Who-insult thee from-all-quarters.
58. " Thine *evil-design, even-tbine abominations,
" Thou art-to-bear-them, saith Jehovak."
59. — " Allhough-I-do witk-tkee as
" Thou-hast-done, who hast-despised
" An-oath m-making-void a-covenant : [v. 8.J
60. " Yet-Irwill-remember, tl, my covenant
" With-thee in-the-days-of thy-youth ;
" Even-I-will-establish towards-thee a-covenant-of
" X ancient-times."
61, end. " For-§a-building; but- ||not m-consequence-of-
" any-covenant-made-with-thee.
62. " Even-I-will-establish" 

Ch. f XVII.
22. — " Wben-I-take, I, from-tbe-highest-branch-of
" The-cedar wbich-is-lofty, I- will-set-** it:" —

* 27. 43., xxii. 9. 11., xxiii. 21. 27. 28. 35. 44. 48, 49., xxiv. 13.
t Addition of the pronoun, a Chaldaism : see also xvii. 22.
X Is. xxiv. 5.; Jer. xxxii. 40., xlix. 13., li. 26. 62.
§ LXX. An augmentation, or increase of family. The " re
united kingdoms of Israel and Judah, after restoration from Ba
bylonian captivity.
|| Thine augmentation will be bounty in addition to the cove
nant made with thee.
fl This ch., like xv., is very plain, and requires little illustration
in addition to that of Abp. N.
** Reference to Zerubbabel.

318 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Ch. *XVIII.
2. — " Fathers t have-eaten an-unripe-grape,
" Tberefore-teeth-of the-children shall-be-set-on-
"edge?"
4. " Are-not all tke-lives mine ?" —
5. " Even-a-man, if ke-sball-be J acquitted,
" Even-shall-have-executed written-law even- § ac-
"quittal:"
8. — " Written-law || faithfully execute"—
14. " But- 1 certainly if-he-beget a-son,"—
17. — " In-the-**punishment-of-the-idolatry-of his-fa-
"ther;"—
21. " ttBut-the- ^idolater,"—
22. " All ki's-revolts"—
4, end. " All his-acquittals, which he-hath-performed,
" Shall-not be-remembered : for-his-defection
" Into-which he-hath-turned-aside, even-for-his-sin
" Which he-hath-sinned, for-them shall-be-die,
25. " Yet-ye-say, Is-not § § regulated
" The-way-of Jehovah, Hear-ye,

* Seventeenth Sunday after Trinity, afternoon lesson.
f Erase the Yod, according to Jer. xxxi. 29.
X From idolatry. SUch were to escape destruction, in the im
pending calamity from Nebuchadnezzar. See also v. 9, &c.
§ Integrity from idolatry. So Deut. vi. 25.
y Also ver. 9. Metre right in ver. 10.
m Or, ' Shall-it-not-be ?' See preceding interpretations, passim.
17. ' From-iniquity,' v. 8.
** So translate, vv. 18, 19, 20. 30. See also iv. 4, 5, 6. 17-,
vii. 13-. 19., xiv. 3, 4. 7. 10.
ft Morning Lesson for Fast, 1806, 7, 8, 9.
XX iii. 18. j§ As usual; see ver 19.

OF EZEK.IEL. 319
" I-pray-you, house-of Israel !
" Are-my-ways not regulated ?" —
27. " Also-in-the-turning-of an-idolater from Jus-idolatry
" Which he-hath-committed, so-tkat-he-performetb
" Written-law, even-acquittal, he
" Him self* shall-preserve-alive."
30, end. " To-you an-toccasion-of-ruin puniskment-of-
" idolatry."
Ch. +XIX.
2. " Even-say-thou ; What- was tby-mother ?
" A-lioness among lions she-lay- down :
" In-tbe-midst-of young-lions she-abounded-in ker-
" wkelps :
3. " Even-mounted-up §one of-ker-wkelps :" —
Ch. || XX.
4. " HDispense-thou-written-Iaw unto-them, (d.) son-
" of man !
" The abominations-of their-fathers cause-thou-them
" to-know.
11. " Even-my ** written-laws" —

* See ver. 4. and Abp. N. on it.
f vii. 19., xiv. 3, 4. 7.
X See Abp. N. Nations, indefinitely, 4. 8.
§ Jehoahaz, ver. 5. ' far-removed.'
|| Eighteenth Sunday after Trinity, morning lesson. V. 1.3.
See v. 31., and xiv. 3.
fl Instruct them, that national death is the punishment by law
denounced against idolatry. See also xxii. 2.
** So translate, in vv. 13. 16. 18, 19. 21. 24, 25., and see the
preceding interpretations, passim.

320 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
12, end. " *appropriated-them."
26. " Even-I-permitted-the-pollution-of them in-their-
" tgifts,
" In-tbeir-having- X alienated every-one wko-openeth
" tbe-womb ;"
30, end. " Even-according-to their-abominations are-ye
" § hospitable?
31. " Even-in-that-ye-offer your-gifts in-having- 1| alien-
" ated your-sons,
" Are-ye polluted with-all your-idols
"Unto this-day? even-shall-I be- 5 sought
" By-you, house-of Israel ?
" Live I, saith Jehovah,
" I-will-certainly-not be-sought by-you."
37. " Even-I-will- * * alienate you under the-rod," —
38. — " Even-the-revolters against-me from-tbe-earth :
" From-their-sojournings I-will-bring-forth
" ttthem;"—

* Also in v. 20. ' Even my-sabbaths set-ye-apart,' appropriate
to my service.
f Children dedicated to idolatry. These gifts are expressed in
the following line. See vv. 31. 39.
£ Alienated from me to idolatry. See xvi. 21. ' Went-aside
• into-defection.' v. 27. ' Chapel,' v. 29. Jer. xlviii. 35.
§ vi. 9. and Ch. xvi. passim. Equally entertainers of idols and
worshippers of Jehovah.
|| The merciful supposition is preferred to the rabbinical ac
count ; and it is rather believed, that the children were not ma
terially burnt. See Abp. N. on xvi. 21. d. ' by-fire,' as v. 26.
«[ Vv. 1. 3., xiv. 3.
** See v. 31. V. 35. ' Even-will-I-have- written-law with-you.'
So v. 36., and, ' when-they-were-brought out-of-the-land-of
• Egypt-' 1 1 The idolaters.

OF EZEK.IEL. 321
41> end. " Even-I- will-be-* peculiarly-appropriated
" among-you" —
Ch. XXI.
6, end. " tSigh-thou with-a-breaking-of thy-loins :
" Even- with -bitterness shalt-thou-sigh before-tkeir-
" eyes."
10. " That it-may-sorely slaughter, it-hath-been-sbarp-
" ened :
" That it-may-be a-glittering- sword, it-hath-been-
" furbished :
" J For a-cleaving-asunder-of |a-sceptre;
" For-a-rejection-of every tree.
11. " Even-hath-one-given it to-be-furbished,
" That-grasped by-the-hand it-may-be:
" Hath-been-sharpened a-sword ; even-it-batb-been
" furbished ;
" That-may-be-given it into-the-hand-of a-slayer.
12. " Cry-thou! even-howl-thou ! son-of man !
"Surely .||it hath-been against-my -people :
" It hath-been against-my-people :
" It-hath-been against-all the-princes-of Israel :
" HBanishers instead-of a-sword
" Have-been towards my-people :
* So ver. 39, end : ' Even-the name-of me-the-peculiar-God,'
Visually 'my holy name.' Same v. 'gifts,' vv. 26. 31.
t LXX and metre. Ver. 2. ' Consecrated' places. 3. ' Ac-
' quitted ' and ' idolater.' 7. ' Even-shall-be-restrained every
' breath.' Mr. P.
X Conj. but see ver. 13. § Zedekiah's.
|| The sword.
f Jer. vi. 25., xx. 4. 10., xlvi. 5., xlix. 29. ; Lam. ii. 22. ;
Hab. iii. 16.; Ps. xxxi. 15.
2 T

322 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Therefore they-have-*clapped-the-hand against-
" thee.
13. " Surely they-have-examined, whether a-rejection-of
" A-sceptre shall-not be."
14, end. " t A-sword, which*in-their-ckambers attacketk-
" them.
15. " That may-be-melted tbeir-heart ; even-tbat-may-
" be-multiplied
" The-stumblers before all their-gates ;
" I-have-placed a-point-of a-sword ;
" X A-point-of a-sword duely-fabricated,
'<* §For-glittering furbished, fot-slaughter sharpened.
16. " Compactly- 1| close-thou, to-the-rigkt! ckarge-thou
" to-the-left !
" Whithersoever thine-edge is-set.
17-. " Even-also I will-f smite
" Mine hands together :
" Even-I-will-cause-to-rest my-fury upon-tkee."
23- "'Even-shall-be against-** them as-a-divination-of
" idolatry
" In-the-eyes-of those- wbo-have-sworn oaths to-
" ttthem:
" But-:j: J he bringeth-to-remembrance punishment-of-
" idolatry in-their-being-taken.
24. " Therefore thus-hath-spoken Jehovah;
" Because is-remembered-against-you punishraent-of-
" your-idolatry ;
* Jer. xlviii. 26. t Repeat tlie preceding substantire.
X MM initial repetition. § V. 10.
j| Mr. P.
«J[ Encouragement to the victorious Chaldeans ; as also v. 14.,
and xxii. 13.
** The gates. ft Chaldeans.
XX Nebuchadnezzar.

OF EZEKIEL. 323
" Whilst-are-discovered your-revolts, so-tbat-appestr
" Your-errors in-all your-perverse-practices ;
" Because it-is-remembered-against-you, by-*the-
" Chaldeans ye-shall-be-taken.
25. " Even-thou, profane idolater !
" Prince-of Israel ! to-whom is-coming
" His-day, in-the-time-of punishment-of-idolatry,
" an-end !"
26. — " tThis was-not-conferred for-this-purpose,
" That-he-who-was-tlow should- be-exalted, ana-
" then-he-wko-is-exalted should-abase-him-
" self.
27. " An-overturning, an-overturning, an-overturning I-
" will-place-it :
" Moreover %this shall-not ("») be,
" Until come he-who
" Shall-have || written-law, even-whom-I-will-ap-
" point."
28. — ¦" A-sword, a-sword is-drawn for-slaugbter :
" It-is-furbished, that-it-may-be- 5 complete ; that
" it-may-glitter :
29. " Wkilst-**thou-art-seeing in-thy-bebalf an-idola-
" trous-vision ; whilst-tbou-art-divining
" In-tby-favoUr a-falsehood tbat-sball-be-given thy-
" self
" Upon the-necks-of tt profane idolaters,
" To-whom is-coming their-day,
" In-tbe-time-of punishment-of-idolatry, an-end."
30, end. — " I-will-dispense-written-law unto-thee:"
* Conj. X The crown.
J At a distance from the crown.
§ The crown. || Unprofaned by idolatry.
fl Strike terror by glittering. ** Ammonite.
ft Ver. 25.

324 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
31. ¦  "*in-fire:
"My-wrath"—
Ch. fXXII.
2. " Even-thou,son-ofman! Jdispense-thou-written-Iaw;
" Dispense-thou-written-law unto-the city-of
"§ bloods:"
3. — "A-city hafh-shed blood"—
" Even-s'hall-she-have-made idols" —
5. — " Are-continually- 1| mocking thee" —
6. " Have-not ? princes-of Israel,
" Every-one against-his-own-relations, been in-thee ;
"Because thou-hast-**shed blood?"
8. " ttEven mine-boly-things have-^±they-despised :
" Even my-sabbaths bave-they-profaned.
9. " ^Merchants have-been in-thee;
" Because thou-hast-shed blood :" (w. 6. 12.)
" || || Evil-designs bave-they-executed in-the-midst-of-
" thee.
10. " 1 1 Nakedncss-of a-father they-have-*** uncovered
" in-thee :
* The conflagration of the city, ver. 32., and xxii. 31.
t Against Jerusalem, as also the two preceding chapters, and
ch. xxiv.
X xx. 4. § xvi. 36. 38., xxxiii. 25.
|| By shedding blood in slaughter for thine idolatrous bloodshed.
^f Pekah.
** By idolatrous dedication. See Ps. cvi. 36, 37.
XX The particles, as in the following line.
XX LXX, §§ Israelites.
|| || Ver. 11., xvi. 27. 43. 58., xxiii. 21. 27. 29. 35. 44. 48, 49.,
xxiv. 13.
f f Defluvium pubU. See Deut. xxiv. 1.
*** 'By defiling his wife.' Abp. N. But, not so, xvi. 36, 37-,

OF EZEKIEL. 325
" Pollution-of her-who-was-rernoved they-kave- *af-
" flicted in-thee.
11. " Even-one-man with-the wife->of bis-neighbour
" Hath- 1 committed abomination: even-another
" His daughter-in-law hath-polluted by-evil-designs:
" Even-another his sister,
" Daughter-of his-father bath-afflicted in-thee;
12. " A-Jreward have-they-taken in-thee;
" Because thou-hast- § shed blood.
" An-usury, even-an-increase thou-bast-been-taken;
" evcn-thou-hast-been-made-a-gain
" On-account-of-thine-evil-doings, by-opprcssion :
" ||becausc-me thou-hast-f forgotten.
13. " Even-have-not*.* I-smitten mine-hands
" For thy-being-made-a-gain, on-account-of-tkat-
" which
" Thou-hast-done; eve'n-on-account-of thy-blood-
" sheddings,
" Which have-been in-the-midst-of-thee ?"
16. " Even-thou-shalt-be-profaned within-thee in-tke-
" sight-of nations," —

nor Lev. xviii. 6. sq. In the debasements committed by Pekah
and the Israelites upon the people of Judah, they have stripped fa
thers or old men, and indisposed young women, alike of their
clothes. * By uncovering, as in the preceding parallel. This was the
offence of Shechem, Gen. xxxiv. 2. See there the very word.
X The actions expressed in this verse appear from the clue of
one word used also v. 9. and xvi. 27. 43. 58., to have been rather
idolatrous than intersexual.
X Explained by the following parallels.
§ Vv. 6. 9. 27. || LXX. Alex.
5[ xxiii. 35. ** Encouragement, as also xxi. 14. 17.

326 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
25. " Whom *princes in-the-midst-of-her,
" As-a-lion roaring hatk-torn,
" A-prey-of life kave-devoured :"
27. " t Princes in-the-midst-of-her have-been-as-wolves
" Preying-on prey, on-account-of-the-Jskedding-of ,
" Blood; to-destroy lives,
" Because-of gain-of gain."
29. " People-of the-Iand bave-§they-greatly oppressed;
" Even-have-they-greatly spoiled : even-the-afflicted,
" even-the-needy,
" Have-they-distressed : even-the stranger
" Have-they-oppressed without-regard-to written-law.
30. " Even-have-I -sought from-among- ||them a-Sman"—
31. " Therefore-have-I-poured upon-them mine-indigna-
" tion ** in-fire :" —
Ch. XXIII.
3. " Even-had-been-tt hostesses in-Egypt : m-their-
" youth tbey-had-been-hostesses :
" There bad- XX been-pressed their-breasts ;
" Even-there they-had-been-engaged-in the-dalli-
" ances-of their-virgin-state."
5. " Even-hath-been-an-hostess Aholak under-my-do-
" minion:

* Capp. and Houb. See also v. 6. But, now Babylonian
princes, when Jehoiachim was taken.
X Vv. 25. 29. X Vv. 6. 9. 12.
§ Vv. 25. 27. || People of the land.
«J| Zedekiah is denoted. ** xxi. 31.
tt As hostesses were obliged to be civil to all customers, so
Samaria and Jerusalem were in their youth attentive to all idols,
and first of all to those of Egypt. See ch. xvi. 15. sq.
X X Kal >n a niphal sense, as also the following verb.

OF EZEKIEL. 327
" Even-hath-she-been-*greatly-attached unto her-
" t customers,
" Unto the-Assyrians neighbouring ;"
7. " Even-bath-sbe-conferred her- X hospitalities upon-
" them,"—
8.  " when at-ker-kouse
" They-lay in-ker-youth," —
" Even-lavisked tkeir-custom upon-her."
10. " These have- § uncovered her-nakedness," —
" Even- 1| puniskments they-have-executed upon-her."
17. " Then-came unto-her the-?sons-of Babylon
" Into-the-bed-of dalliances ; even-they-polluted her
" With-their-** custom; even-she- was-polluted by-
" them,
" Until-was-alienated her-inclination from-tbem.
18. " Even-she-discovered her-bospitalities, even-she-dis-
" covered
" Her undress : wben-was-alienated mine-inclination
" From-her, as bad-been-alienated
" Mine-inclination from her-sister."
21. " Because-thou-bast-re viewed the evil-designs-of thyr
" youth
" In-practising thine- Egyptian dalliances,
" After-the-pressing-of tbe-breasts-of thy-youtb :"
24, end.  " even-I-will-set
* Also, v. 7, end ; where the allegory is at once explained. See
also vv. 9, end, 11, 12. 16. 20.
f Vv. 9. 22.
X Also, vv.8. 11. 14. 19. 27- 29- 35. 43, 44.
§ Stripped her : see xvi. 37. 39., and Hab. ii. 15., in which last,
circumcision appears to have been denoted.
|| Mr. P. f See preceding v., and Is. lvii. 9.
** If language is here too strong for the decent allegory, Mr. P.
on the noun 133 may be consulted : but idolatry is alone meant.

328 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Before-them written-law, even-they-shall-dispense-
" written-law-to-thee according-to-their-writ-
" ten-laws."
27. " Thus-will-I-make-to-cease thine-evil-designs from-
" thee,
" Even-thine * hospitalities from-the-land-of E-
"gypt:"-
32. — " A-cup-of thy-sister thou-shalt-drink,
" Which-is-deep, even- which- is- wide: thou-shalt-be
" a-laugh,
" Even-a-derision-of bim-wbo-often containeth
" t abundant-drink:
33. " Even-with-sorrow shait-thou-be-filled : a-cup-of
" astonishment,
" Even-of-desolation is-the-eup-of tby-sister Sama-
" ria."
34. — " Even-the sherds-of-it thou-shalt-lick-clean :
" Even-then-thy-breasts thou-shalt- X tear :" —
35. — " Therefore-also be-thou ^borne-away
" In-thine-evil-designs, even-with thine-hospitali-
" ties.
36. — " Dispense-thou-written-law
" Unto Aliolah, even-unto Aholibah." —
37. " Because they-have-been-|| adulteresses, even-f blood
" is-in-their-hands ;
" Even-with their-idols have-they-been-adulter-
" esses;" —

* Idolatries brought from Egypt.
f LXX. X See Abp. N.
§ Kal in the sense of niphal. For the cause preceding see the
parallel xxii. 12.
|| Jer. iii. 1. 9., v. 7K8,, ix. 2., xiii. 27-, xxiii. 10. 14., xxix. 23.,.
The parallel also explains. For die end of the verse, see xvi. 20> 21.
•jf See xvi. 33. 8

OF EZEK.IEL. 329
43. " Then-said-I concerning-ber-who-was-old in-*adul-
" teries ;
" Now they-wilI-be-*bospitabIy-entertained-by-her
" in-her-hospitalities, I-say-her."
45. " Tberefore-men who-are- 1 acquitted themselves sball-
" dispense- written-law
" Unto-them, a- written-law- of adulteresses; even-a-
" written-law-of
" Women- who-shed blood: surely ^adulteresses
" Are-tbey; even-is-blood in-their-hands."
46, end. ——" to- % vexation, even-to-spoil:
47. " Even-let-overwhelm them" 
49. — " Even- 1| punishment-of-idolatries-of your-idols ye-
" shall-bear,"—

'3

Ch. I XXIV.
6. — " Woe to-the-city-of **bloods.;
" To-the-tt caldron, whose JJrust is-in-it;
" Even-wbose-rust bath-not gone-forth from-it,
" §^According-to-its-pieces, according-to-its-pieces,
" bring-thou- 1| || it-out :
" Let-not fall upon-it a-lot.
* The successive use of these words in the same verse, proves
that they were equally and indifferently employed to denote idolatry.
f See preceding interpretations, passim.
X Ver'.' 37. and xvi. 36. 38. § Jer. xv. 4., xxiv, 9.
|| Lam. iv. 6, &c.
*[ Eighteenth Sunday after Trinity, afternoon lesson. See ch. xxii.
** xvi. 36. 38.
tf The sacrifical caldron, representing the city. See the pre
ceding parallel.
tt Mr. P. §§ Piece by piece.
II U The contents of the caldron, or of the city, piece by piece,
as it conies, without lot or distinction.
2 v

330 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
7. " Surely her-*b!ood in-the-midst-of-her kath-
" been ;"—
9, end. "Also I will-make-great the-tpile."
0, end. " Waste-thou-away the-flesh, even-reduce-thou-
"it
" To-a-jelly, even-the-bones let-be-burnt.
II. " Then-place-thou- X it upon its-coals empty," —
" That-may-be-wasted-away its- § rust; 12. that-
" may-be-scaled-off its-rust ;
" Which-doth-not go-forth from-it;
" The-abundance-of its-rust, the-offensiveness-af its-
" rust.
13. " In-thy-pollution is- 1| evil-design. Because I- would -
" have-cleansed-thee," —
14. — " Even-I-will-do-it : I-will-not Sset-free;"—
16. " Son-of man ! Am-not-I taking
" From-thec the desire-of thine-eyes (d.)?
" Yet-thou-shalt-not mourn, nor weep,
" Nor shall-start thy-tear.
17. " Be-sorrow silent on-account-of-the-dead :
" Mourning shalt-thou-not make :
" Thy-tiara biud-tbou upon-thee;
" Even-thy-shoe's place-tbou upon-tby-feet ;
" Neither cover-tliou the upper-lip ;
" Even-bread-of * * fellow-mortals thou-shalt-not eat."
23. — " but-ye-shall-tt pine-away in-the-puniskment-
" of-your-idolatries," —

* Blood of dedication, xvi. 36. 38. Two w<j*ds, end of ver. 8.,
gloss from end of ver. 7.
X Of bones : see ver. 5. | The caldron.
§ May be judged to denote idolatry. See ver. 6.
|| See xvi. 27., xxii. 9. &c. f Mr. P.
** See Mr. P., and ver.' 22. ft iv- 17.

OF EZEK.IEI- 331
24. —"When-come-to-pass *these-tkings:'— —
25, end. " Even-ttheir sons," —
Ch. XXV-
8, end. " Is-not as-all the-nations
" The-house-of J Israel, even-Judah?"
Ch. XXVI.
2. — " Aha, sbe-hatb-been-broken, she-hath-been-re-
" duced among-the-peoples :
" Sbe-bath-been-transformed in-my-sight : she-who-
" was-full is-desolate;"
20, end. " Nor- § established in-tbe-land-of the-living."
Ch. XXVII.
11. — " Their- 1| shields they-have-hung" 
12. " Tarshish was-thy-f mart **for-the-abundance-of
" All riches in-silver, iron,
"Tin, even-lead, wbicb-they-stowed in- 5 thy- ware-
" kouses."
Ch. XXVIII.
13. " ttAs-Eden," 

* r. nb«, instead of the suffix to the infinitive.
t Repeat mi.
X The metre requires this reading of LXX. Syr. and marginal
reading of one MS. Ver. 11. ' Written-laws.'
§ LXX. Syr. Houb. Secker, Dimock.
|| Mr. P., and Jer. li. 11.
f So also, ver. 16.; but v. 14. ' thy-repositories.'
** The same, ver. 18. Compare 26, end, with Ps. xlviii. 6.
tt Houb.

$32 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Eveh-thy-pipes, (d.) in-the-day when-tbou-wast-
" born, kave-been-prepared."
16. " *On-account-of-tbe-abundance-of thy-merckandise
" they- 1 have-filled
" The-midst-of-tkee with-violence ; even-thou-bast-
•" suffered- + punishment :
" Even-I-have-cast-thee-as-profane from-the-moun-
" tain-of God :
" Even-I-have-destroyed-thee," 
17. — " Upon the-ground I-have-cast-thee :
" Before kings I-kave-exposed-tkee,
" § To-be-shewn (d.) on-account-of-the-multitude-of
" thine-idolatries."
18. — " Tberefore-I-have-brought-forth a-fire from-the-
" midst-of-thee :
" It bath-devoured-thee ; even-I-have-reduced-thee
" To-ashes upon the-earth;" 
19. — " Have-been-astonished at-thee: a-terror thou-hast-
" become ;
" Even-where-art-tkou-to-be-found for || a-Iong-time-
" to-come ?"
22. — " Am-not-I against-thee, Sidon ?
" Even-I- will-be-bonoured in-the-midst-of-thee : even-
" thou-shalt-know
" That I-am Jehovah', in-mine-having-executed
" Against-thee written-laws : for-I- will-be-a-peculiar-
" God in-thee.
23. " Even-I-will-send upon- 5 thee" 
25. — " then-wiil-I-be-a-peculiar-God among-them" — -
* To take it away from thee.
t Prophetic preters to the end of ver. 19.
X Lam. iv. 6, &c. § LXX.
|| See Dr. Jortin quoted in note on Jer. xxxi. 36.
f Second person, passim, vv. 22, 23.

OF EZEK.IEL. 333
Ch. XXIX.
16. " Bringing-to-remembrance *punisbment-of-idola-
" try"—
Ch. XXX.
3. " Surely near-is a-day, even-near-is
" A-day appointed-by-Jehovah : a-day-of cloud,
" A-time-of nations it-shall-be.
4. " Even-shall-come a-sword upon-Egypt;"— -
9, end. '.' tSurely bath-it-not come ?"
Ch. +XXXI.
3. — " Even-tranquil with-shade," —
4.  "even-its spring-tides §it-hath-sent" —
15. — " In-the-day wben-he-descended to- 1| Sheol,
" I-caused-to-mourn (d.) upon-bis-account the-deep;
" Even-I-restrained" 
17. ' ' even- f ha ve-been-broken ' ' —
Ch. XXXII.
2. — " A-lion among-nations thou-bast-been-bke:
" Even-tkou-art as-a-crocodile in-the-seas :
* Lam. iv. 6, &c.
t The sixth word of this verse read and translate, with Cappellus,
'in haste.' Vv. 14. 19. 'written-laws.'
t ' An admonitory comparison of Pharaoh to the late Assyrian
1 empire, under the image of a cedar, applied ver. 18. to Pharaoh/
Secker, in Abp. N. Chh. xxv — xxx. against the nations.
§ The sea,
|| See Is. xiv. in Introduction, pp. xiii. xiv.
% In the ninth word read Yod instead of Zain.

334 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Even-tbou-hast-emerged in-tby-rivers, even-tbou-
" hast-troubled
" Waters with-thy-feet, even-tbou-kast-fouled thy-
" rivers."
5. " Even-will-I-expose thy flesh
" Upon the- mountains : even-will-I-fill
" The- valleys with-thy-great-height : 6. even-will-I-
" water the-eartk
" With-thy-* blood: thy-gore skall-be-upon tke-
" mountains ;
" Even-streams shall-be-filled from-thee."
20. " In-the-midst-of the-slain-by the-sv,ord they-sball-
" fall :
"A-sword hath-consigned-her to-ta-bed,
" Herself, even-all her-multiludes.
21. " Shall-speak unto-him the-most-powerful-of
" Warriors from-the-midst-of JSheol:
" Together-with them-who-belped-him have-descend-
" ed, have-lien-down,
" The-uncircumcised, slain-by the-sword.
22. " There is-Assyria, even-all
" Her-company round-about in-her-graves:" —
26. " There is- § Sheskech, Babylon,"—

* Houbigant and Dathe transpose. Besides tire strong figura
tive language used in vv. 7, 8. to denote the destruction of king
doms, see ch. xxxviii. 19, 20.; Is. xiii. 10., xxiv. £3., xxx. 26.,
Ixv. 17.; Jer. li. 18.; Joel ii. 10., iii. 15, 16.; Amos viii. 9.; and
. Matth. xxiv. 29.
f LXX. the grave, v. 25.
X See Is. xiv. in Introduction, pp. xiii. xiv.
§ See xxxviii. 2. 23, end. ' Dismay in-dre-land-of the-living.'

OF EZEKIEL. 335
Ch. •XXXI1X
8. " When-I-say unto-an-idolater, t Idolater!"
Ch. +XXXIV.
11. — " Am-not I §1 who-will-botb-searcb " — ?
16, end. " Even-the || strong I-will-preserve ;
" f Even-I , will-feed-it with-** written-law."
17. — " Shall-not-I ttdispense-written-law" — ?
31. — " ^Men are-ye: even-I, Jehovah,
" Am-your-God, sailb JeboYab."
Ch. xxxv.
5. " Because bath-been to-thee
27, end. ' Punishment-of-their-idolatry,' xiv. 10.; Lam. iv. 6, &c.
The same xxxiii. 6., end. 28. ' Even-thou,' Pharaoh.
* Subject similar to that of ch. xviii.
t To the end of ver. 20. translate various words as they have
been translated in chh. xiv. xviii. Ver. 5, metre rejects the verb
substantive. Ver. 25. For bloodshed denoting idolatrous dedica
tion, see xvi. 38, &c, xxii. 2. Ver. 26. ' Ye-have-stood in your-
' street.' Houb.
X Against the shepherds in the first sense of the word in the
note on Jer. xxiii. 1. Ver. 4, end. ' even -with- rapine.'
§ Chaldee repetition of the pronoun., See also ver. 20.
|| LXX, and metre reject the immediately preceding descrip
tion. ^[ Metre requires the particle and pronoun, as at the end of
ver, 15.
** This word interprets the allegory. The written law was to
be restored with the return from captivity.
tt Also vv. 20. 22., and xxxvi. 19, end. Rams and he-goats,
and fat cattle, vv. 17- 20. the same as the shepherds, 1 — 16.
XX Ver. 23.David,Zerubabel. See notes on Jer. xxxiii. 17 — 26,
8

33G READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" An-hatred-of *ancient-time, for-which-thou-hast-
" t drained j by -harassing
" The sons-of Israel,
" By the sword,
" In-the-time-of their-calamily, in-the-time-of the-
" punishment-of-their-idolatry ;
Ch. XXXVl.
2. — " Because hath-spoken § the-enemy against-you ;
" Aha! the- 1| chapels-of ancient-time
" For-a-possession have-every-one-of-them-been unto-
"us!"
12. " Even-I-will-cause-to-walk upon- f you "—
22. — " Not for-your-sakes do-I act," —
23. " Even-will- **I-render-peculiar my" —
29. " Even-will-I-tt restore you" —
38. " As-a-flock-of X X peculiar-people," —
Ch. XXXVII.
1. " Was upon-me a-band-of Jehovah,
* Amos i. 11. Ver. 9. ' Desolations-of ancient-time.' See pre
ceding interpretations, passim. 11, end. ' I-shall-dispense-written-
' law-to-thee.' 13. ' Because-ye-have-magnified ' — 14, 15. Pa
thetic repetition of the paronomasia.
t Jer. xviii. 21. X Trs. from end of the verse.
§ Edom, ver. 5. Ver. 6, end. ' Is-it-not-I-who' — ? 9. ' Sure-
« ly am-not-I ?' —
|| Not always idolatrous. See also Hab. ii. 17., and correct
note on Jer. xlviii. 35.
m The mountains of Israel, ver. 8. and compare Hab. iii. 19. end.
** End, ' When-I-shall-be-rendered-peculiar.'
tt End> 'Any-more upon-you famine.' 27, end. ' Even-my-
• written-laws' —
XX 31, end. 33. ' Your-idolatries.'

OP EZEK.IEL. 337
" Even-**one-brougkt-me-fortk in-a-mind-of Jebo-
" vah,
" Even-set-me-idown in-tbe-midst-of the-valley,
" Even-it- was full-of bones :
2. " Even-the-caused-me-to-pass beside-tbem round
" and-round :
" Even-Jwere-not many exceedingly
" Upon the-face-of the-valley ?
" Even-were-not they-dry exceedingly ?"
7. " %So-I-prophesied as he-commanded ||me:" —
14. " I For-I -will-put my -breath within-you; even-ye-
" shall -live :
" Even-I-will-place you upon your-own-ground :
" Even-ye-shall-know that I
" Jehovah have-spoken, even- will-perform."
19, end. " Even-tkey-skaU-be one in-the-hand-of **Ju-
" dah."
25. — " Even-they-shall-dwell upon-it, themselves,
" Even-their-sons, even-the-sons-of their-sons,
* I was powerfully impelled and brought forth. See xi. 5.
t Or, I was caused to pass. The same tense as the two verbs
in ver. 1. and like them impersonally used. Read Yod for He. ,
X The negative interrogation affirmatively intended, and not
translated as usually, » Behold !' see passim in the preceding inter
pretations. § Praeter with Vau conversive : thus a future relative in the
sense of a prophetic prseter. The same the first verbs of vv. 8. 10'.
|| Aleph instead of Yod, and two words.
^| A national resurrection promised, by a return from captivity.
The slain, ver. 9. and the bones, vv. 1. 3, 4. &c. were the fallen
in the wars with the Babylonians. Eichhorn's supposed error in
the last verb of ver. 7- may be only an archaism.
** Prophecy of the reunion of the twelve tribes under Zerub
babel. See Abp. N.'s note. Begin ver. 20. ' Therefore,' and
ver. 21. 'Then.'
2 X

338 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
"For *a-long-time-to-come: even-David, my-ser-
" vant,
" Skall-be-prince over-them *for-a-long-time-to-
" come."
28. " Even-shall-know the-nations that I
"Jehovah appropriate to- 1 myself Israel," —
Ch. + XXXVIII.
2. " Son-of man ! set-tbou thy-face
" Against the-house-tops-of the-land which-is-cover-
" ed-with -house-tops ;
" Against-the-prince wko-is-§ exalted in-||Skeskech,
" Even-in- f Babylon; even-prophesy -thou against-
"him."
3. — " Am-not-I against-thee, thou-bouse-top !
" Thou-prince who-art-exalted in-Sheshecb, even-in-
" Babylon ?"
8. "After-many days thou-shalt-be-noticed :
" **In-an-after-course-of the-years" —
" When-it from-among-peoples hath-been-brought-
" forth,
* In the limited sense, as also vv. 26. 28. See notes on Jer.
xxxiii. 17 — 26. and preceding interpretations passim. V. 26. ' A-
' covenant-of prosperity, a-covenant-of ancient-time.'
f Yod lost in its follower.
X This prophecy against the populous Babylon, covered with
house-tops, and against its prince, must have been delivered in the
reign of Zedekiah ; when the prophet, being in captivity, pru
dently concealed his meaning under Athbash or transposition in
names. See Jer. xxv. 26., and note on li. 1.
$ Trs. »U>. In captivity Ezekiel was prudently enigmatical.
|| Jer. xxv. 26., li. 41.
^| Probably disguised in its first letter.
** Ver. 16.; Gen. xlix. 1.; Num. xxiv. 14.; Deut. iv. 30.;
Is. ii. 2.; Jer. xxiii. 20., xlviii. 47., xlix. 39.; Dan. ii. 28., x. 14. ..

OF EZEKIEL. $$Q

" Even-when-they-shall-dwell "-

If, end. " Dwelling upon *a-navel-of the-earth."
16, end. " That may -acknowledge tke-t nations me,
" Wken-I-skall-be-a-peculiar-God respecting-thee"— •
22. " X Even-I-will-exact- written-law" —
" § Even-upon his-bands, even-upon peoples
" Many, who-skall-be with-bim."
Ch. XXXIX. 1, end. See xxxviii. 3.
2. — " after-that-I-l|shall-bave-caused-tkee-to-
" ascend" —
4. " Upon f mountains-of Israel"—
7. " Even-the name-of myself-** peculiarly will-l«
" cause-to-be-acknowledged"—
19. " blood unto-excess,"  ¦
23. " Even-sball-know tke-nations tkat for-tke-punisk-
• " ment-of-their-idolatry
" Had-been-taken-into-captivity the-house-of Israel:
" For that they-had-tt turned-aside against-me,
" Tkerefore-I-kid" 

* Judea and Jerusalem, elevated places. See Is, lviii. 14.;
Amos iv. 13.; Mic. i. 3.; Hab. iii. 19.
X Whether, Israel and Judah ?
X Vv. 21, 22. A covert prophecy of the destruction of Babylon.
The sword against it was to be invoked in the mountains of Israel,
but was to fall on Babylon. Prophets, ver. 17. Isaiah and Jere
miah. Vv. 19, 20. See Abp. N. on xxxii. 8.
§ To the end of the verse, omitted by Abp. N. V. 23. < Even*
' will-I-make-myself-peculiar, even-be-acknowledged.'
|| Next verb, ' even-shall-have-brought-thee.'
f Mountains where Israel dwelt in captivity; Babylon.
* * End of the verse. ' A-peculiar-God in-Israel.'
tf Ver. 26. ' Defections, whereby they had turned aside,*

340 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
27. — " *even-am-become-peculiar among-them" —
Ch. fXL.
2. "In-Jvisions-of God §one-brought-me"—
Ch. XLI.
4, end.  " [| even-he-said
" Unto-me, This-is the-most Hkoly."
Ch. XLIII.
3. — " When-**Jehovah came to-destroy" —
7, end.  " by-their 1 1 hospitalities,
" Even-by-the-JJgraven-images-of their-kings, even-
" by-their-chapels :"
Ch. XLIV.
10, end. — " the-^punishment-of-tkeir-idolatry.''
* Ver. 25. ' Even-tenderly-regard the-whole house-of Israel;'
' Even-be-jealous for-the-name-of myself-the-peculiar-God.'
t ' The vision in chh. xl, xli, xlii, seems designed to show, that,
' if the Jews repented of their idolatries, their temple should be re-
« built, and their worship according to the Levitical law should be
* restored.' Abp. N. For the subject of chh. xliii — xlviii, see
Abp. Seeker's Dissertation, and Abp. N.
X Ch. i. 1.
§ xxxvii. 1. End, common reading and translation.
|| This clause seems accidentally omitted by Abp. N^
f Set apart, or appropriated. ** See Abp. N.'s note.
X X Hospitable reception of idolatry. See also v. 9, and read
in both vv. ' for ever,' in the limited sense, according to preceding
interpretations. Ver. 10. ' Idolatries.'
XX Abp. N.
§ § Preceding interpretations, passim. See also ver. J.2, end.
8. ' Keepers for- yourselves.' Syr. Houb. and metre.

OF EZEK.IEL. 341
12. — " *an-occasion-of-stumbhng by-the-punishment-of-
" idolatry;"—
28. " Even- 1 1- will-be unto-them for-an-inberitance :" —
Ch. XLV.
10. " Balances-of X acquittal, even-an-epbah-of acquittal,
" Even-a-bath-of acquittal, shall-be to-you."
Ch. XLVII.
3, end. — " watels-of § extremities."
8, end. " To-tbe-sea (d. d.) ||wbere-shall-become-f stag-
" nant the-waters which-continually-flowed.
9. " Even-shall-it-be, that-every **breath-of
" A-living-creature which moveth,
" Unto every-one which
" Sball-come thither the-river
" Into-t he-sea, shall-live; even-shall-be
" The-fish abundant exceedingly.
" When shall-have-come thither
" These waters, although-they-shall-become- 1 tstag-
" nant,

* vii. 19., xiv. 3, 4. 7., xviii. 30.
f Abp. N. Vv. 19. 24. For ' holy,' ' sanctify,' and ' hallow/
read 'peculiar,' 'appropriate,' and 'set-apart.' xiv. 1. ' An-ap-
' propriation.' xlvi. 20. ' Appropriate.'
X From wrong. See preceding interpretations. 9. ' Written-
' law even-acquittal.'
§ Soles of the feet. Mr. P, || Trs.
^| See verse 9. ** Fish.
tf The waters both of the Kidron and of the Jordan soon after
their influxes into the Asphaltite lake or Dead sea must have par
taken of the stagnancy of its waters. The third radical of the
verb may be an exchange for a letter of the same organ ; or the

342 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Yet-shall-live every-thing which
" The-river shall-come unto.
10. " Even-shall-it-be, that-shall-stand upon-*it"~
11. " lor-in-tits-disemboguement, even-in-its-windings,
" even-in-its-swellings,
" X They-shall-not be-stagnant, although -into-tke-
" salt-sea they-be-discharged."
12, end. ¦ — " even-its-leaf for-§listlessness."

VISION OF FLOWING WATERS, xlvii. 1—12.
|| Prophet of 1 humble birth ! extend thy gaze
To where ** Shiloah 's rill to Kidron strays:
See from the temple's threshold waters flow, £vv. 1, 2.J
And spread o'er all the tranquil vale below.

verb itself may be in one of its usual significations. Ver. 10. ex
plains, that between the mouths of the Jordan and of the Kidron
fish was to be caught in the Dead sea sweetened by the influxes of
those rivers. In 2 K. ii. 21, 22. waters were to be rendered
wholesome by the injection of salt : in this place the impetuosity
of running water was to be assuaged by their influx into a lake,
* The Dead sea.
t The river. This line of interpretation, and its middle word,
the LXX supply.
X These waters, ver. 9. § Ease, and freedom from hunger.
|| Ver. 6.
^| Import of Hebraism, ' Son of man.' Hezekiah, in Ps. viii. 4.
humbly styles himself ' a son of Adam :' and die angel Gabriel
also addresses Daniel by the same title, ch. viii. 17.: but, 'man'
and ' Adam* are the same in the original. Daniel, ix. 21. styles
Gabriel ' the great existence,' by a term which is commonly used
to denote a man of rank. For the different uses of both these
terms, see also Dan. x. 5. 11. 16. 18, 19.
** See Is. viii. 6. and Abp. Seeker's Dissertation, in Abp. N.

OP EZEKIEL. 343
Here shalt tkou pass tke scanty wave ; nor dread [3. J
With scarcely wetted sole the stream to tread :
Nor thou refuse, if here, the swollen tide [4.]
To ford, our parted knees its flood divide :
Nor once again, witk timid heart, delay
To urge with me breast-high the watry way.
Still further onward all attempts were vain [5.]
On foot to cross the deeply-flooded plain :
For there the proudly-swelling waters *rise,
Whose depth the swimmer can alone despise.
And now return ; and lo, on either brink [6. J
Tke countless trees, whose roots the river drink ! [7.]
This torrent seeks Judea's eastern side, [8. J
And tkrougk its desert pours a foaming tide ;
Whose force impetuous anon shall break
Tke stagnant bosom of the listless lake.
Then shall the tenants of the briny waste, [9.]
Soon as the river's sweeter streams they taste,
Forsake tkeir leaden wave : e'en all around,
Wkere'er the waters mix, shall fish abound.
E'en on this sluggish sea's extensive side, JJlO. J
From Gedi's southern spring to Jordan's tide,
By fishers' nets o'erspread the busy coast
Its draughts, the plenty of the main, shall boast.
For, with no lazy steps shall Kidron haste [11 -J
To dash the torpid salt sea's stagnant waste.
E'en on this river's either brink shall shoot [12.]
Each foodful sucker from its parent root ;
Whose leaf no change shall know, whose fruit no end ;
Each in its month, whose boughs ripe fruit shall bend :
* Abp. N. says : ' These waters beautifully represent the gra,
' dual progress of the gospel.' But why not the freedom and
abundance, of restoration ? as in Is. Iv, 1 . See Interpretation of
Is, ii. pp. 28, 29.

344 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
From near Jehovah's throne these streams which stray
Shall nourish fmits and plants, * which hunger shall allay.

Prophet of humble birth ! the vision scan :
E'en tell to Israel Jehovah's plan.
The streams thou seest, which issue by tthe south
Forth from the temple to the river's mouth,
The likeness of Judea's lore display,
Pure as the water which reflects the day.
The sacred characters, yet unconstrain'd,
By hyperergic shackles yet unchain'd,
Own, as these waters own, the fairest source ;
Urge, as these waters urge, the fullest course ;
But, as the torpid lake the current stays,
So error learning's march divine delays.
See first the + exiles, in a future age
Whose mistranslation often stains thy page ;

* See note on the literal translation, and Abp. N. on this verse ;
where had he concluded, ' of the Hebrew scriptures,' the allegory
would have been more readily allowed. If by this whole predic
tion more was designed to be foretold than that, after the restora
tion from captivity, the described part of the country should
abound in fish, fruit, and esculent plants, let no great approver of
allegory, either ope of ' the remnant of the true Israelites,' or ' a
* Jew with a veil upon his heart,' attempt to cope with Origen,
Jerome, Grotius, and their successors, in the following deve-
lopement, after the manner of the prophet, if not in imitation of
his diffusive style.
f V. 1.
X Jews of Alexandria, authors of the Greek version called the
LXX. Dr. Hody, De Text. Orig. p. 364. speaking of that ver
sion, says ; Textui Hebraico non satis consona, in multis deficiens,
ia multis redundans, in mukis errans,

op ezekIel; 345
cfee * version Oft their author's mind reveals;
But which their t ignorance as oft conceals :
Who their own long-lost letters faintly trace ;
Whose impure Greek and Chaldee rules embrace i
To wbom, though, injur'd much and erring, pays
Each distant time their Well-earn' d meed of praise.
See tke loose ^Targumists the sense deface;
And minor § Hellenists their ||copy trace :
See o'er the mind the \ Alexandrine school
Lay the proud basis of eternal rule ;

* But how does it render, or recommend, Shiloh, Gen. xlix. 10.,
by rendering ity ' the things reserved for him,' or, ' to whom he,'
or it, ' is reserved?' as rf they had read the word m two,' ' which
* to-him.' f See note on Dan. ix. 16.
| Authors of the Chaldee paraphrases.
§ Authors of the books of the New Testament.
H The LXX. particularly in their quotations. See Sermons, on
the Fast, 1 808, and on the Everlasting Fire of the Athanasian Creed.
f ' Have not the writings of the New Testament been con
formed to the doctrine of the Platonic Trinity, by the help of in
terpolation ?' MS. Exceptions to Dr. Jortin's Discourses oh the
Christian Religion, and Remarks on Ecclesiastical History. See
Dr. J., vol. i. p. 65. note, ed. 8vo. 1 805. The MS. exceptions
stored up against vol. i. and vol. ii. of this work of Dr. J. respect
pp. 5. 9. 13, 14. 181 48. 50. 54, 55. 65. 70; 74, 75. 89. 119. 134.
146. 267. 273, 274, 275, 276. 308. of vol. i. ed. 1805.; and pp. 5.
9. 17. 32. 290. and 351. of vol. ii. The liberal Dr. Jortin, liberal
to established opinions, found a friend in a primate as liberal as the
times would allow ; and an enemy, according to the editor of
Tracts by Warburton and a Warburtonian, in a prelate- of less en
larged sentiments. All parties of them at length ' now repose in
the sanctuary of the grave, beyond the reach of human censure
apd of human praise,' save only the editor of the Tracts.
9 v

346 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
And * Jerome's pen to t Latin priests convey
From Caesar's hand the world's imperial sway :
In fixing which by vowel-points partake
The X dotting doctors of the, living lake.
The Hebrew streams a pool of error meets,
Whose § weight the || allegoric salt completes.
Yet shall the bosom of this torpid deep
With outspread nets no timid fishers sweep ;
Shall drag laborious the briny spray,
And hoist its hidden treasures to the day.
Yet shall flie splendid current ever 9ow ;
On whose full banks each fruitful tree shall grow :

* By his Latin translation of the Bible, called the Vulgate,
made from the Greek by order of popt Damasus.
t The popes of Rome, which, as Dr. J. observes, was deter
mined to govern the world in one way or in another.
X These gentlemen, about the beginning of the eighth century,
in their seat of sloth and ignorance upon the banks of the lake of
Tiberias, were the inventors of the sublime learning of

Kamets

Patach

Scheva, simple and com

Tseri

Segol

pounds

Chirek m.

Chirek p.

Patach furtivum

Cholem

Kamets br.

and the Accents.

Schurek

Kibbuts.

For all which they must have had an early and undoubted right to
confer upon each other the degree of D.D.; only that in the pre
sent day many might esteem the lake in our prophecy more conge
nial with them. See them by the name of Masoretes in p. 116.
§ Of the weight of the water of the Dead sea, see Michaelis
cited by Abp. N.
|| This salt, differing something from the Attic, has been abun
dantly supplied by nearly all commentators upon the Bible from
the time of Origen, the father of allegory, to the present. See
notes on the preceding Interpretations, passim.

OF EZEKIEE. 347
Whose leafy shoots shall own unfading prime,
And fruits successive rise to endless time :
On which the human mind divinely fed
Shall know the * quiet of celestial bread.
Ch. XLVIII.
14. " Neither sball-they-sell any-of-it : ,
" Neither shall-it-be-exchanged or t alienated :
" As-an-excellent-part-of the-land (d.) it-is-appro-
" priated to-Jebovah."
35, end. " Even-the-name-of tke-city, from-tke-day
" Jwhen-it-shall-be,
" Shall-bej Jehovah is-there."
* In contradistinction to the wars right Christian of the fourth
century, respecting the difference of half a diphthong in Homoiisian
and Homceiisian.
t xvi. 21., xx. 26. X EXX>

READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS

op

JD*AJVIEJL«,

Ch. *II.
28. " In-an-after-course-of the-days."
Simply, future time. Thus alsox. 14,; Gen. xlix. 1.;
Num. xxiv. 14.; Deut. iv. 30.; Is. ii. 2.; Jer. xxiii. 20.,
xlviii. 47., xlix. 3.9. Years, Ezek. xxxviii. 8. Days, 16,
34. 45. __« t Which could-not be-handled,"—
ch. iy.
8, 9. 18. — " +A-mind-of the-peculiar God"—
13 §. 23. — " An-instigator, even-one-peculiarly-appoinfri
"ed"—
27. In more courtly language than the usual trans
lations, render,
* See Mr. Wintle, for the general subjects of the chapters.
X Houbigant.
X See ch. v. 11, 12, 14.; Gen. xli. 38., and preceding interpreta
tions. § At ver. 15. from the notion of a tree the dream slides into
that of an animal, and in the next ver. into that of an human be
ing. See ver. 23.

350 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
— " even-thy-* misfortunes
" By- 1 acquittal break-thou-through, even-thine«
" overtumings" —
37. " The-king-of heaven, because all
" His-works are-integrity, even-kis-paths judicial*
" decision,"—
Ch. V.
25. " X Numbered, numbered, weighed, even-they-di-
" vide."
Ch, VII.
13. — " As-a-son-of |a-morlal was-coming be," —
18. 21. 27. " The- 1| appropriated."
26. " But-artrial sball-be-instituted,"— -
Ch. VIII.
12. — " By- f revolt ; even-it-cast-down the-**faithful-
" promise" —
17. — " Understand-tkou, son-of ttAdam!"— •
19. " Even-ke-said ; Skall-not-I explain-to-thee
li Tkat which shall-be hereafter ?

* See note on Lam. iv. 6. t From idolatry.
X The literal translation of the hand-writing on the wall. The
interpretation, 26 — 28.
J Should not the Chaldee drop the Aleph? See note on
Ezek. ii. 1.
|| Also viii. 13. 24. f Also vv. 13. 23.
** See preceding interpretations, from Jer. iv. 14.
tf See metrical translation of Ezek, xlvii. 1—12, Also Ps.
yiii. 4., and Dr. Geddes's Psalms, xc. 3.

OF DANIEL. 351
" *Surely at-an-appointed-time precisely-settled will-
" be-tbe-indiffnation.

*o*

Ch. IX.
4. " Even-I-supplicated Jehovah (d.), even-I-confessed,
" even-I-said ;
" I-beseech-thee, my-God ! the-God who-is-great,
" Even-who-is-tremendous, who-preserveth the-co-
" venant,
" Even-the- 1 paternal-affection, toward -those-who-
" love-him, even-toward-tbose-who-keep his-
" commandments :
5. " X We-bave-sinned ; evcn-we-have-acted-perversely ;
" even-we-bave-been-idolaters ; even-we-bave-
" rebelled ;
" So-as-to-apostatize from-tlvy-commandments, even-
" from-thy-written-laws :
C. " Neither have-we-hcarkened unto thy-servants
" The-prophets, who have-spoken in-thy-name
" Unto our-kings, our-princes, even-our-fathers,
" Even- unto all the-people-of the-land.

* Transpose, and so render, mutatis mutandis, the end of ver.
17-, and compare xi. 27. 35. and xii. 9. Begin ver. 22. with the
insertion of a Caph, ' But-as-this,' and in ver. 24. d. the third and
fourth words.
t See the preceding interpretations for the rendering of this
word ; which, at i. 9., being applied to man, is followed by a word
of interpretation, which the metre rejects.
X It was usual with kings and prophets to take on themselves
the idolatry of the people. See the psalms written in behalf of
Hezekiah, passim, and compare them with Is. xxxviii. 10 — 20.;
on which see interpretation and notes ; also see Sermon on the
Fast, 1808.

352 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
7. " Witb-thee, Jehovah, is-*the-acquittal;
" But- with -us is-confusion-of face,
" As-at-this day ; with-the-men-of Judah,
" Even-with-the-inhabitants-of Jerusalem, even-witk-
" all Israel,
" Wko-are-near, even-wko-are-distant, in-all the-
" countries,
" Into which thou-hast-driven-them,
" Upon-account-of their-defection in-wbich they-
" have- turned-aside against-thee.
8. " Jehovah, with-us is-confusion-of face, '
" With-our-kings, with-our-princes, even-with-our-
" fathers ;
" Because we-have-tbeen-idolaters against-thee.
9. " With-Jehovah our-God are-the-tendernesses, even-r
" the-forgivenesses,
" Although we-have-rebelled against-hun :
10. " Neither bave-we-bearkened unto-the-voice-of Je-
" hovab
" Our-God, to-walk in-his-laws
" Wkick he-hath-set before-us
" By-the-delivery-of his-servants the-prophets
11. " Even-all Israel have-transgressed
" Thy law, so-as-to-revolt
" from hearkening to-thy-voice :
" Therefore-is-poured-down upon-us the-curse,
" Even-the-imprecation which is-written
" In-the-law-of Moses, servant-of God,
" Because we-have-been-idolaters as>ainst-him.

* A readiness to acquit from the guilt and punishment of idola
try, whenever sufficient punishment hath been suftered> and a re*
turn to the pure worship appears.
t See ver.- 1.1,, and Lam. iv. 22, the last noua.

OF DANIEL. 353
12. <l Even-he-hath-ratified his words
" Which he-spake against-us,
" Even-against our-dispensers-of-wriiten-law who
' ' have-dispensed-to-us-written-law,
" By-bringing upon-us a-great calamity :
" For bath-not been-done
" Under the-whole heaven
" As hatb-been-done upon-Jerusalem.
13. " As it-is-written in-the-law-of Moses,
" The wbole-of this calamity
" Hath-come upon-us; neither kave-we-entreated
" The countenance-of Jehovah our-God,
" By-turning from-our-idolatries, even-by-wisely-re-
" garding the-* faithful-promise.
14. " Therefore-hath-closely-attended Jehovah unto the-
" calamity ;
" Even-he-hath-brought-it upon-us ; although an-
" tacquitter
" Is-Jehovah our-God in all
" His-works which he-hath-done :
" But-we-have-not hearkened unto-his-voice.
15. " Now-then, Jehovah, our-God,
" Who broughtest-forth thy people
" From-the-land-of Egypt with-a-strong hand,
" Even-hast- made to-thyself a-name,
" As-at-tbis day,'we-have-sinned, we-have-been- J ido-
" laters.
16. "Jehovah, according-to-all thy- § deliverances
* See viii. 12. and preceding interpretations; also, for the omis
sion of the suffix, see the Greek in Aid. C.
t See ver. 7. and preceding intepretations.
X This latter verb seems a gloss upon the preceding : but, see
vv. 8. 11., and both the verbs in v. 5.
§ Judges, ch.v. v. 11.; 1 Sam. xii. 7.; Micah vi. 5. The original
2 z

>54 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Let-be-turned-away now thine-anger,
" Even-thy-wrath from-thy-city, Jerusalem,
" A-mountain appropriated-to-thee : surely on-ac-
" count-of-our-* idolatries
" Even-on-account-of-the-idolatries-of our-fatbers Je-
" rusalem, even-thy-people,
" Have-become-a-reproach to-all who-are-around-us.
17. " Now-therefore hearken thou, our-God,
" Unto the-prayer-of thy-servant,
" Even-unto his-supplications : cven-enligbten-tbou
" thy-countenance
" Upon thy -sanctuary which-is-desolated,for-tlhine-
" own-sake.
18. " Extend-thou, my-God, thine-ear; even-heafken-
" thou :
" Open-thou thine-eyes, even-see-thou
" Our-desolations, even-the-city which
" Hath-called thy-name upon-it :
" Surely not on-account-of our-acquittals
" We make-to-fall our-supplications before-thee ;
" But on-account-of thy-tendernesses, which-are-
" many.
19. " Jehovah, hcarken-thou ; Jeliovali, forgive-thou ;
"Jehovah, attend-thou, even-exec ute-th ou :
Delay-tbou not for-thine-own-sake, my-God !
Surely thy-name hath-been-called

a a

word applied to God, seems his deliverance of men ; applied to men,
their acquittal with God. Implicit confidence in the LXX appears
to have occasioned the common translations : and not in this word
alone is it believed, that the charge of partial ignorance may be
brought home to them. See the imperfect sketch of their character
in the metrical development of a supposed allegory in the vision of
' flowing waters, Ezek. xlvii 1 — 12. See also preceding interpreta
tions of the word.
* Lam. iv. 22. t Greek, and ver. J 9.

OF DANIEL. 355
" Upon thy-city, even-upon tby-people."
20. — " *Even-the-idoIatries-of my-people Israel,"  ¦
21. — " Even-the- 1 great-existence Gabriel," 
24. " X Seventy years are-the-times appointed -to-thee,
" Concerning thy-people, even-concerning a-city
" Appropriated-to-ihee ; §to-confine each-re volter,
" Even-to-complete || calamities, Sevcn-lo-expiate
" idolatry,
" Even-to-introduce **an-acquittal-of ancient-times,
" Even-ttto-seal-up vision by-a-prophet, ,
" Even-Uto-anoint most appropriated-worshippers.
25. " Therefore-let-be-known, even-let-be-understood,
" §§that from-a-promulgation-of
" A-decree to rebuild Jerusalem
" || || Unto an- H anointed commander,
" In-weeks (d. d.) ***threescore and-two
* This clause is exegetic of the preceding term. See note on v. 5.
t Distinguished from Daniel, viii. 17.; but the prophet is also
thus entitled at x. 11. 19. 'Great-existence most-desirable!' See
note on viii. 17-
X Answer to the prayer, 4—19. The two last words of ver. 2.
are presumed to be the two first of this verse. The next is adopt
ed from the end of ver. 25. A Lamed only is introduced ;
scarcely more than a letter is exchanged ; and, with some transpo
sition, such is the probable reading. See xi. 13.
§ To hold in captivity each idolater.
|| See Lam. iv. 6. 13.
f Exegetic of the preceding clause.
** Purity, as of the times of the patriarchs,
ft To supersede any further necessity of prophetic vision.
X X Tcvappoint kings, who should not lead the people into ido
latry. § § Particle of similar letters.
|| || b». Ps. xix. 6. or 7. «H[ Zerubbabel.
*** Numerals adopted from beg. of ver, 26.

356 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
" Shall-it-be rebuilt throughout-the-extent-of
" Its-* ruin, when-were-disastrous the-times.
26. " Then-after the-weeks threescore and-two,
" Shall-an-tengagement-be-made J with an:anoiated
" commander ;
" That-never shall-be-to-him an-invader to-distress»
" him,
" Even-who-thc-city, even-who-the-sanctuary shall?
" destroy
" As-with-an-inunclation, or-unto an-end-of
" A-war completely-ruinous in-desolations :
27. " Even-shall-be-confirmed a-covenant witb-many :
(d. 4.)
" Although-hatb-been-made-to-cease§ sacrifice, even-
, " oftering-of-flour ;
" When-upon a-border was-an-abominatiOR-of j| a-
" desolator;

* Mr. P. The ruin was in disastrous times. See-Is. x. 22.
f The verb suffers an ellipse of its noun, which appears in the
second place of ver. 27.
X Transposition of the words of the original affords the sense
given, as far as the end of the two following metres ; after which
regularity appears to recommence.
$ See xii. 11.
|| The Babylonian, both here and at the end of the verse, who
interrupted the Jewish religion until himself was destroyed.
Dr. Blayney on this prophecy, in both his editions, Mr. Wintle,
and Mr. Parkhurst on the weeks, have all been read with due at-
tenticm. For the purpose of understanding the prophecy, as it
hath been commonly undei stood among Christians, it was neces
sary to compiehend the weeks as so many hebdomads, or sevens, of
years : and so powerful hath been the prejudice in favour of this in-
terpet.uion, that scarcely a suspicion of a possibility of its being
q'Kitioned appears to have arisen. That every one of the weeks

OF DANIEE, 357
" Even-until a-completion, and-tbat-tborougbly-
" ruinous
" Shall-be-poured upon the-desolator."
Ch. X,
2, 3, end. " Three *and?seventy days."
denotes seven years, Dr. B., following the herd of commentators,
takes for granted throughout his dissertation. Mr. Wintle seems;
to consider Grotius as having been amongst the moderns the author
of this interpretation, after the example of the Gr. version and of
the ancient fathers of the Christian church. Yet he himself does
not comprehend the weeks as denoting sevens of years in the 24th
verse. On ver. 25. he says ; ' That the word week is understood
,' for a period of seven years, may be learnt fi om Gen. xxix. 27.
'where "to fulfil her week" is explained by performing another
' seven years service for Rachel.' But is the elliptical language of
Laban or of Moses to regulate a prophecy of Daniel, in or con
cerning which is no such explanation as is given by Moses ? ' And
' in Lev. xxv. 8. seven sabbaths, i. e. weeks of years, are seven
' times seven years.' But, in this and the following verses of
Daniel there is nothing either of sabbaths or of years, even sup
posing weeks to be a just translation. Perhaps Mr. Wintle should
have understood weeks of days, wherever the context or some pa
rallel passage did not define or determine the sense to years, as in
Gen. xxix. 27., and Lev. xxv. 8., and not have followed Grotius
and the Talmudists. Nor can it be allowed, that what Calmet ob
served of Varro, or what Mr. Wintle has observed upon the text,
will authorize the interpretation of weeks of years.
If, as Sir Isaac Newton is said to have asserted, the Christian
religion is founded upon this prophecy concerning the Messiah,
alas for any religion which is founded upon a prophecy concerning
Zerubbabel !
* Sapposing a Vau prefixed, and dropping the plural duplica
tion of the noun, this may be the rendering : otherwise it is as our

358 READINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS OF DANIEL.
Ch. XI.
32. " Now-tbey-who-turn-into-idolatry a-covenant"—
Ch. XII.
3.  " *Even-they-who-bave-occasioned-tac-
" quittal-of the-many" —
10. — " But-will-be-idolatrous idolaters;" —
11.  " X the-desolator,"—
public translators have given it. Atvv. 5. 11. 19. see note at ix. 21.;
at v. 14. see note at ii. 28.; and at vv. 16. 18. see note at viii. 17.
* Exegetic of the preceding, as Cappellus observed.
t Restoration and acquittal from idolatry.
X See ix. 27., and compare that prophecy, this, and Ezek.
xxxvii. 1 — 14. Restoration from Babylonian captivity appears to
have been the general subject of all the greater prophets.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

Introduction, pp. v. vi. It will readily be perceived
that this Introduction was formed to precede the cir
cumscribed plan of only the Patriarchal Blessings
metrically translated, and an Appendix of Readings
abd Interpretations of Isaiah.
viii. ix. See at p. 160 the verbs of the lines from
Is. Iv. 7. translated in the subjunctive mood.
Lam. iii. 1. sqq. see more accurately translated in
p. 286.
x. To the last note add, 2 K. xi. 8. But see Lam. iii. 5.
xi. 6, 7. from b. read, ' three of three words each:'
xi. and xx. at bottom, dele '-of hosts' after Jehovah, and
see the Appendix on Isaiah xiii. 13. at p. 58. from wbick
correct the end of the note at p. xx.
xii. Seech, xiv. 16, 17. corrected, p. 127.
xiii. From Isaiah xiv. the lines 2, 3, 4, end thus -.
' the-opulent-capital!"
' the-idolaters :'
' the-fyrants.'
xiv. 1. 5. For 'he-awaketh' r. ' are-awoke'
6. For ' he-maketh-' r. ' arc-made-'
16. For ' O Lucifer, son-of r. ' Ilowl-thou, thou-
' star-of ' Michaelis.
19. For ' thy-' r. ' thine-' before a vowel or an h,
passim. Correct ;
; Yet -thou didst-say : I-will-ascend the-heavens :
' Yea-above tbe-very-stars-of God
' I-will-exalt my -tkrone : I-will-even-be-seated

36fJ ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS,
4 Upon-a-mount-of appointment, upon-the-sides-of the-
' north :'
See 131. 12> and 141. 21. and note on Jer. xlix. ih
p. 265.
xv. 1. 22. r. ' For-tbe-punLsbment-of-the-idolatry-of '
To note § add, See also Ezek. xxvi. 20.
xviii. 1. 7. For < holy-one' r. ' peculiar-God '
9. Forjthe-Iord' r. 'Jehovah'
xix. 1. 2. To 'distant,' note, Is. xxii. 11., xxx. 27., xlvi. 11.;
Jer. xlvi. 27., li. 50. Hab. i. 8. alia.
17. For ' and-thy-' r. ' even-thine-'
xx. I. 5. For ' following Appendix/ r. ' first of
;the following Appendixes.'
THE BLESSING OF ISAAC.
3. 1. 1. To 'XXVII.' note, * The moral of the deceit and
supplantation in this chapter cannot, by any interpretation of it, be
rendered admirable.
THE BLESSING OF JACOB.
9. End of the note, add, See Dr. Kennicott's emendation of
this line. State of Heb. Text, p. 56.
1. 6. from b. also p. 10. lines 15. 19. For ' affixes' r. ' suffixes.'
IS. To note X add> See also Ps. li. 7.
16. 1. 18. r. ' such an one as tke following:'
The Jewish superstition of substituting the word ' Lord,' to
avoid the mention of the - name of Jehovah, continued from the
time of the LXX version to the present, is not designed to be ad
opted in this publication.
23. 1. 18. For ' schevata.' r. ' schevata or short
vowels understood.'
APPENDIX.
27. 1. 10. For ' one of the two,' r. ' the'
Add, Ch. I. vv. 2 — 6. relate to idolatry. The

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 361
whole chapter a prophecy against Judah and Jerusa
lem for idolatry principally.
27- 1. 3. from b. note at ' stricken.' By the combination of Pe
kah and Retsin. This first chapter wants more minute interpreta
tion than Bp. Lowth and Mr. Dodson have given to it.
28. 1. 4. add, See Ezek. xlvii. 1 — 12. respecting
this sea. 10. add, v. 21. "Howkath-become*an-hostess!"—
end of 1. 16. note, Kennicott, State of the Hebrew Text,
p. 511, says; it always is so: but as, in Jonah, the Vau appears
merely copulative, yet connects a future relative with a prater at
some distance before it ; both verbs were by the public translators
not mistaken in past time. At the close of ver. 4. the prophet
foretold deliverance, which at the close of ver. 6. he asserted was
come : and this language is continued throughout the three follow
ing verses.
Jonah ii. 6. — To-the-divisions-of X mountains
I-have-descended : the-earth, her-bars [would have been]
About-me for-a-long-time ; but-that-thou-hast-brought-up
From- destruction my-life, Jehovah, my-God !
In Joel ii. 20. cited by the learned primate, the Vau seems mere
ly copulative in the former instance of the line,
Even-hath-ascended-his-smell; even-hath-ascended his-ill-
savour :
the former verb appears a prophetic praeter, announcing a future
event as certain as if it were past ; connected with which verb is
the immediately succeeding future relative, having Vau conversive
prefixed. If the former verb be taken as a praster with Vau con-

* Common to all comers, the welcomer of all guests, as an
hostess. , So Jerusalem the welcomer of all idols. See xxiii. 15,
16, 17.; and corr. of Jer. iii. 1.; and Ezek. chh. xvi. xxiii.
t Mr. Bcnjo'i'n, in some MS. annotations upon Jonah, rightly
rejects the emphatic, the.
3 A

362

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

versive, the latter might have been originally an exact repetition
of it, which is very common in Hebrew. Is. ii. 7, 8.
*29. 1. 18. For 'end/ r. ' v. 22/
30. 1. 9. add, Previously to the word id, For from-
Sion, &c, insert ver. 5, reading the former clause as
in ver. 3.
" To-the-house-of the-god-of Jacob come-ye ;
" That- we-may- walk in-the-ligkt-of Jehovah :"
16. add, Or, Jehovah might have been in the
third place :
"Verily, thou,- Jehovah ! didst-abandon" —
17. add, after 'East/
" Even-with-children-of strangers were-they-become-
" spurious."
The verb is a future relative, describing a conse
quence of the Jews having adopted the idolatry of
the Philistines, as noticed in the preceding line.
10 from b. add, The two former verbs should
be plural, the two substantives connected, and the
third and fourth words change places : the latter verb
is a future relative. See also Additions to ch. v. 15.
b. add, 20. — " Which every-one-hath-made for-
" his-private-use :
" That-he-may-bow-himself-down to-the-moles, even-
" to-the-bats ;
21. " After-having-entered " 
31. 1. 3. For :. r. D from Bp. L.'s division of it:
therefore read :
* The concessions in this page, and in 80, were made, when the
author saw less than he has since seen of the policy of the church
of Rome in the interpretations of the O. T. See note, p. 103.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 363
" Surely hath-stumbled Jerusalem ;
" Even-Judah hath-fallen : because their-tongues,
" Even-their-perverse-practices have-been-against Je-
" bovah ; 
31. 1. 5. ' iniquity' r. 'idolatry'
6. add, This and the next verse appear to
have suffered an interchange of their latter clauses,
and another trifling transposition.
Read 10. " Pronounce-ye-a-blessing-on the-* acquitted:
" surely good,
" Tbe-recompense-of* his-hands, sball-be-done unto-him.
11." Woe unto-the-idolater ! surely evil,
" Surely the-fruit-of their-perverse-practices shall-
" -Hkey-eat."
32. 1. 7. from b. add, The very learned Dr. Blay
ney, who was accused of making concessions to the
tenets of others, [see him on Zechariah, p. 84. J ap
pears to have made concession to ancient interpreta
tion, by his reference to this place, in his notes on
Jer. xxiii. 5., and on Zechariah iii. 8., vi. 12. in which
latter prophet Abp. Newcome has interpreted those
passages impartially. To those who, with Dr. Blay
ney, esteem any of the terms too magnificent for a
merely mortal subject, a review of the hyperbole,
Is. xiii. 10. 13., xxiv. 23.; Ezek. xxxii. 7, 8.; Joel ii.
10., iii. 15, 16,; Amos viii, 9.; Matth. xxiv. 29., is
recommended. 33. 1. 10. r. "Appropriated shall-he be-esteemed;"
* See preceding interpretations, passim, But particularly the note
on Dan. ix. 16.
f Every one of them.

364 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
33. 1. 16, end. " -rby-a-breath-of written-law,
" Even as-by-a-wind that-driveth."
3. from b. note, The Naples, or first pn'nted, edition
of the Heb. Bible has Jehovah always printed mi* or 111*. Kenni
cott, State of the Hebrew Text, p. 521. Thus also the supersti
tious veneration of the Jews for the name might have occasioned
their having written it, antecedently to the version of the LXX.
34. I. 4. note, Meaning, a very fruitful hill. Syria, comprehend
ing Judea, a country stretching from its base to ' the south like an
' horn,' and generally fertile, as well as in oil. See Mr. Harmer,
cited by Mr. P.
7. For ' poisonous-' r. ' fetid-'
Add, Abp. Newcome, Preface to Ezekiel, p. xliv.
n. ' The case is supposed among men.' Yet he af
terwards acknowledges, ' that according to 6 [LXX]
Arabic version and Chaldee paraphrase, God is in
troduced speaking at the third line/ ' I fenced it/ &c.
This favours the supposition, that ' Jehovah ' is to be
read instead of ' My beloved.' See also Dr. Blayney
on Lam. of Jer. ii. 6.
2. from b. after ' continues," insert, ' in praters
followed by futures relative,' —
35. 1. 6. for 'iniquity,' r. 'idolatry.'
8. for ' 26—30/ r. ' 26, 27.'
0 36. 1. I. add, Or, ' Even-every-one' [of the nobi
lity, the populace, and the tumultuous guests of Sheol,
who have perished at Babylon with hunger and
thirst,] ' hath-now exulted ' in Sheol, as they had
tuniultuously exulted in Jerusalem, vv. 11, 12.
+ By executing the denunciations of the written law, Deut.
xxviii. 15. to the end. For the meaning of the word usually trans
lated judgment, see Bp. Horsley on Hosea, 2d ed. p. 183., and
dii^ interpictations, passim.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 365
36. 1. 5. after ' humbled,' add, Or,
" Tkerefore-as-hath-worshipped the-poor-man, *even-
" the-rich, so-bave-thcy-been-bumbled;
" Even-have-the-eyes-of the-exalfed been-humbled."
10. for ' iniquity,' r. ' idolatry.'
11. for falsehood,' r. 'the-idol.'
3. from b. correct,
" Even-have- tthey-roared over-it, as-the-roaring-of
" the-sea;
" When-it-thundereth upon-the-earth : for-will-not-be
" darkness,
" Distress, then-light, darkness, even-gloomy-vapour J"
38. 1. 3. from b. after ' future tense/ add, The
praeters, connected by Vau with the imperative "]b,
may express as many futures consequent upon the
imperative. ' Go-thou / —
" But-will-bc-gross of-heart this-pcople."
39. 1. 14. for 'sin/ r. 'idolatry.'
16. 'the righteous,' r. those who were
to be acquitted of the imputation of idolatry.
40. 1. 11. add, 7. The feminine noun nin, ver- 5.,
seems the nom. case to the two fem. futures.
" The-mischief-shall-not endure : even-it-shall-not take-
" effect."
Dr. Blayney's reference, on Jer. xlii. 16., to this
passage, appears therefore unnecessary.

* See Additions to ch. ii. 9.
f The Assyrian and Babylonian invaders are compared with
beasts of prey, and their invasion with tempests.

366 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
40. 1. 15. add, Or, " Surely ye-shall-be-made-secure,
" Although ye-are-not strong-at-present.
10. " Then-*again" 
11. — " On-account-oi-the-people-of Jehovah thy-God:"
17, 18. correct, " + Go-thou-deep — : -exalt-thou-
" it"—
13. — " Ye- Jrepresentatives-of David !"
 -" %the ||Jehovak?"
* Future relatives with Vau conversive, as this and the first
word of the chapter, are often redundant in historic narration ;
especially when they commence the transition to a new subject, or
to some matter deserving particular attention. The pneters with
which they are connected, may be suppressed, or not appear. That
on which the future relative here depends is either implied in the
past speech, or expressed as far back as the first verse.
f Mr. P. ' Deepen the petition.'
X See iii. 6. § Ver. 12.
|| From ver. 1 3. to the end of the chapter Jehovah speaks im
mediately to Ahaz, who is plurally addressed until ver. 16.,
when he is in the singular number, ' Thou.' Dr. Watson, Bp. of
Landaff, having in die contents prefixed to his fourth volume of a
collection of Theological Tracts, in 6 vols. 2d ed. 1791, given a
short history of the question concerning the single or double sense
of prophecy, with reference to Dr. Benson's Essay on the Unity
of Sense, inserted at the end of the volume, in which short essay
two pages are dedicated to the prophecy in ver. 14.; lest the learn
ing and ingenuity of Dr. Benson, and of die authorities which he
adduces, should obtain acquiescence in their interpretation of vv.
13 — 16., it is thought fit to make the present addition on the sub
ject. The house or representatives of David may either mean
Ahaz only, the plural for the singular, as is common in Hebrew,
see iii. 6., and in other languages ; or, it may denote plurally
Ahaz, his son Hezekiah, and all the royal family then living ; or
else the king and those of his predecessors whose reigns had been
displeasing to Jehovah. The change from the plural to the singu-

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 367
14. " Nevertheless [although ye refused, v. 12.J, will-give
" Jehovah
" Himself to-you a-sign :
" Is-not the-young-woman about-to-cohceive ? eveu-
" will-she-bear
" A-son; even-will-she-call his-name Immanuel."
For the precise words of these two last lines, with
the only change of person and of names, see Gen.
xvi. 11., and the verses compared in the Dedication
of a Sermon on the Everlasting Fire of the Athana
sian Creed, as an answer to what Bps. Chandler and
Lowth have observed on the supposed pompous in
troduction. Bp. Chandler observed, that a child to
be born was no extraordinary sign ; to which it may
be replied, that the sign was in the name, Immanuel.
Dr. Benson's separation of vv. 14, 15. into two
distinct prophecies, and his not being contented with
the n emphatic in v. 16. signifying the child just
mentioned, Immanuel, but reading it as if m were
added, this child, is an extraordinary, but an unenviable
instance of critical ingenuity ; to which, the sup
posed pointing of Isaiah to his son, is a suitable ac
companiment. . But, beside the weakness of such
observations, it doth not appear that the son Shear-
lar, not until v. 16., but upon which Dr. Benson lays a stress, and
from the singular to the plural, as Jer. xxx. 8, 9., is also com
mon in Hebiew, and in ether languages; and iray respect the
noun of multitude in ver. 13., to which the plurals themselves in
that very veise refer : or an undesigned alteration of d to rt in
ver. 16., and also the loss of the plural termination Q* from the
participle, especially as Mem follows, may have easily happened.

368 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS,
jashul was not then grown up : it is rather probable
that he was, and no child. See interpretation, ch.
viii. 1 — 4. Whether or not; he was, as Mr. Dod
son observes, on acconut of his prophetic name,
' with the utmost propriety brought forth on this oc-
' casion, although he might not now be made the
' subject of a second prophecy.'
' St. Augustin, in the first ch. of his twelfth book
' contra Faustum Manicliaum, says — Faustus asserted
' that, after the most attentive and curious search, he
c could not find that the Hebiew prophets had pro-
' phesied concerning Christ.' Watson.
If Faustus, as Michaelis asserts of him, Introduc
tion to N. T. by Marsh, ch. ii. s. ii., was acquainted
with the N. T. only through the channel of the Latin
translation, he probably made his attentive and cu
rious search in the O. T. through the like medium :
and yet the same discovery hath arisen from the He
brew itself to one, who, before he made it, knew
nothing of the objections of Faustus or of Collins;
and would not have been ambitious of adopting their
sentiments. 41. 1. .5. In vv. 15, 16. d. '¦the1 emphatic to 'evil/
' good,' and ' kings.'
' after 9. add, It is agreed with Bp. Lowth, that
Micah v. 3. also speaks of Immanuel or Mahershalal-
hashbaz : but not, ' that God would deliver his peo-
' pie into the bands of their enemies.' See Bp. L. on
Is. p. 86. Micah says: Judah shall prevail against
Israel, certainly in the days of Zerubbabel, and even
from the time of the birth of Mahershalalhashbaz.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 369
Micah v. I. Now assemble-thou-thyself-in-troops, tbou-
warlike ^daughter!
Siege is-laid against-us.
With-a-rod shall-tkey-smite upon the-cbeek
tHim wbo-dispenseth-wriften-law-to Israel.
2. But-thou, Bethlehem Epbrata!
Little-as-tbou-art to-be among-the-leaders-of Judah ;
From-thee to-me shall-he-go-forth,
VV ho-is-to-be a-ruler in -Israel:
Even-whose-original-descent-hath-been from- X of-old,
from-the-days-of hidden -ages.
3. Nevertheless, §they-shall-be-given for-a-spoil,
At-the-time-when ||shc-wbo-is-bringing-fortb hath-
brought-forth :
Even-wben-an-overflowing-number-of 5 bis-bretbren
shall-turn
Against the-sons-of Israel.
4. But-**he-sball-stand, even-he-sball-feed in-the-strength-
of Jehovah ;
In-tbe-transcendcncy-of tbe-name-of Jehovah his-God :
Even-shall- + tthey -abide; because now J$it-shall-be-
come-great
Unto the-ends-of the-land.

* Jerusalem. f Pekah : but Abp. N. Hoshea.
X The time of David, whose regal descendant of the tribe of
Judah was Zerubbabel. The meaning of these two verses : Al
though Israel, under Pekah, now besieges Judah, out of Judah
shall hereafter go forth a ruler over Israel, in the restoration of the
reunited kingdoms.
J Impersonally, one-shall-give-them, the Israelites.
|| Is. viii. 3. ^J Zerubbabel's, of Judah.
** Zerubbabel in peace and security from siege, like a shepherd
feeding his flock in quiet times.
f f Israel and Judah in peace and reunion.
X X The name of Jehovah through both Israel and Judah, upon
3 B

370 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
45. 1. 13. r. ' Jehovah God-of hosts/
3. from b. for' and-behold!'r. ' when-shall-not-be?'
46. lines 8. 13. for parentheses, () ; r. paratheses, [] : and
passim. 47. 1. 3. from b. add, ' imitating the LXX.'
48. Ch. ix. ver. 4, correct; '? Surely every-one shod him-
" self
" In4he-stoim ; wken-*tke-garments were-rolled-up in-
" blood,
" Which-should-be to-be-burned, fuel-for fire.''
Ver. 5. correct ; " Even-hath-been the-superiority upon,
" his-shoulder :
" Even-hath-been-called his-name ; —
— " should-prevail prosperity.
6. " Of-the-increase-of the-superiority, even-of-prosperity
" where
" Shall-be-an-end upon a-throne-of David ?"
Note at ver. 5. and p. 70. 1. 3. correct from Hab. iii. 6.
ensuing. 49. 1. 8. correct, ? have — known-it' — ? Epkraim, even-'—
' In-pride, even'—
4. from b. insert, 17. " Because katk-burnt as-a-
" fire idolatry/'—
50. 1. 7. for 'justice' r. ' twritten4aw.'
the destruction of idolatry. Isaiah and Micah prophesy precisely
together : die former against Syria and Israel ; the latter against
Israel only, in the passages compared.
* It is apprehended, that during the storm by which the angel
of Jehovah destroyed the Assyrian army, they were pardy em
ployed in rolling up their garments, even then bloody in the con
fusion and commenced destruction ; and which garments, so rolled
up for escape, the lightning that smote their persons consumed.
Description of the storm, see ch. xxx; 27 — 32.
f Or, its advantages.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 37 1
50. 1. 9. for ' it-(your-glory)' r. { tkey-[your-forces]'
50. ult. correct, " Wken-tke-destruction *ruinous ao-
" quittal will-efface."
Si. 1. 1., and 55. 1. 5. from b. for 'righteousness'
r. ' f acquittal.'
53. 1; 19. add, Numerous other instances are in
the Prophets, and in the Psalms: See also Gen. xviii.
11. for the metaphorical use of mn in the sense of
LfH, and a proof that they are synonymous.
5. from b. correct, 27, end. " Even-the- + cord-of
" the-yoke from-before the-imposer-of-it."
54. 1. 3. note at ' preparing.' Dr. Blayney on Jer. iv. 6. and
Vi. 1. translates; ' retiring-in-a-body.'
56. Ch. xi. ver. 11. correct, " Even-it-sball-be, in-the-
" day the-same
" When-again Jehovah shall- ^ change his-band
" To-take^possession-of tke-residue" — -
1. 7. from b. for ' So.' r. ' So: but, this is re
sisted by the future sense of the praster verb with its
Vau conversivej which the three anonymous inter
preters have agreed to render ;
15. " Tben-sball-devote Jehovah the || oppressors
" Their-enemies : even-shaU-be-wave his-hand
" Over the-river, with-bis-vehement wind :
" Even-shall-he-sfflite-it into-seven streams :
" Even;shall-be-make-a-way to-be-passed on-foot."

* See Dan. ix. 25, 26.
\ See preceding interpretations, passim.
X Mr. Parkhurst.
§ Repeat the ancient restoration from Egypt.
|| Exchange }U? for in, and see note to Jer. xxvi. 22,

372 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
57. 1. 10. for ' salvation,' r. ' restoration.'
11. for 'God.' r. 'God, who had restored
from captivity : or, it might literally signify no more
than that the restored were to draw joyfully their
water from their restored fountains in Judah and Je
rusalem. 57. ult. correct, " To-them wave-ye the-hand."
58. 1. 9. for '525.' r. ' 525, and Ps. lxxx. vv. 3, 4.
7. 14, 19. in which the metre requires, that 3 and 7
should exactly correspond.'
11. — "Even-upon idolaters their-idolatry :" —
Insert, 19, end. " *As-the-overthrow very-great of
" Sodom,
" Even of Gomorrah."
59. 1. 2. from b. for ' poor,' r. ' afflicted.'
60. Ch. xv. 2. note, See Jer. xlviii., and Bp. Horsley on Hosea,
p. 147. Insert, xvi. 5. " tEven-shall-be-established by-pater-
" nal-affection a-throne;
" Even-shall-he-sit upon-it according-to-a-faithful-pro-
" mise,
" In-a-tabernacle-of David who-dispenseth-written-Iaw ;
" Even-who-seeketk written-law; even-wko-dispatcketk
" X acquittal."
61. v. 9. note, See Jer. xlviii. 29 — 34., and Bp. Horsley on
Hosea, p. 147.
* Jer. 1. 40.
¦J- If this verse is not out of place, it may refer to Hezekiah
protecting die fugitives of Moab from the invasion of Assyrians :
but, its internal evidence seems rather to attach it to the time of
Zerubbabel. X See preceding interpretations, passim.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 373
64. v. 2. add, " Ascend-thou to-Elam!" 
I. 8. for ' threshing' r. 'thrashing/ also 109. 18., and
274. 10 from b., and passim.
65. Cb. xxii. insert, 1 1 , end, " Even-him-wbo-katk-form-
*' ed-it *from-afar" —
Insert, 14, end. " Shall-not be-taken-away this pu-
" nishment
" From-you, until ye-die.
ver. 15. note, 15 — 19. A prophecy of a private nature,
against a luxurious and idolatrous courtier of king Ahaz, who had
outlived his master, and was probably banished by order of king
Hezekiah. 20 — 25. A prophecy, also of a private nature, in be
half of a pure worshipper ; excepting that the last verse represents
the fall of the innocent equally widi the guilty in the public cala
mity of the Babylonian invasion.
67. Ch. xxiii. 16, end of first metre, correct, " be-thou-
" transformed, thou-city !"
1. 8. after ' 20/ add, ' and Bp. Newton.'
Ch. xxiv. insert, 5, end. " +A-covenant-of ancient-
" time."
68. 1. 12. note, See Jer. ch. xxvii.
1.17. d. '-house.'
1. 5. from b. add, 7. The veil is the veil of
mourning in captivity.
8. " Even-will-he-destroy Jthe-deatb after-his- victory :" —

* xxx. 27.> xxxvii. 26.; Introd. p. xix, v. 1., xlvi. 11.; Jer. xlvi.
27., li. 50.; Hab. i. 8. See also the verb, Deut. xii. 21.
f The covenant of Jehovah with his people. See Jer. xxxii. 40,,
xlix. 13., 1.5., li. 62.
X The death of captivity was never to be renewed, after the de
struction of the enemies of Judah. See also Lam. v. 20.

$74 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
69: 1. 13. for ' these metres' r. * the metres in v. 4.'
8. from h. after 'prey? r. ' Hab. iii. 6.'
70. I. 11. for ' restoration/ r. 'acquittal.'
71. insert v. 19. " *Shall-live thy-dead? sball-the-car-
" casses arise ?
"Awake-ye; even-shout-ye ; ye--fdwelfers-in tke-dustf
" Surely dew-of the-dawn is-Jthy-dew:
" Even-thou-land! dead hast-tkou-suffered4o-falI upon-
" thee."
I. 17- at ' Israel,' note, Who even by the calamity of the
Babylonian captivity would not be smitten equally with the nations,
his enemies, who were to be completely destroyed.
73. 1. 11. [ch. xxviii. J, insert, 15, end. — " even-under-
" ^idols have-we-hidden-ourselves."
14. and 75. 1. 4. for ' Behold-me!' r. ' Am-I-nOt?'
17. add, v. 17. " Even^will-I-place || written-law
" for-a-line ;
" Even acquittal for-a-plummef :
" But-shall-sweep-away the-hail ' 
* This verse is a bitter sarcasm upon Sennacherib : but, accord
ing to ancient interpretations, an O. T. proof of the resurrection.
-J- Soldiers of Sennacherib !
X Sennacherib ! whose army, found early in the morning, were
corpses on the ground as numerous as dew : xxxvii. 36. See also
Ps. ex. 3. for a beautiful comparison of numerous living with dew,
perhaps the adopters of the religion of the Hebrew scriptures.
§ It is believed, that the word here translated ' idols' seldom
signifies literally ' falsehood,' either in the Prophets or in the
Psalms. The idols were set up in the temple.
|| In opposition to the idols set Up in the old temple, the Mosai-
cal law and acquittal from idolatry were to be as much connected
with the new temple, as the line and the plummet, which were
used in the building of it.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 375
73. 1. 2. from b. add, Mr. P. on TiJf explains this
povenant and this interview. See also ch. xxxviii. 18.
76. 1, 3. add, Hezekiah's subjects hypocritically,
and in compliance with his precepts, observed the
external worship of Jehovah, while they were secret
ly and really idolaters.
[cb. xxix.] v. 21. correct, " Who-caused-error to?
'' men in-their-worship :
^ Even-to-him-who-pleaded against-idols were-trouble?
"' some:
" Even-turned-aside toridolatry tbe-acquitted."
Ch. xxx. 1. ' *my-spirit.' ,
v. 27.  'f +thername-of Jehovah"—
28. — " By-sifting the4dolatrous nations as-witb-a-sieve:"— •»
33. " Surely prepared frorn-some-timerpast is-iTopheth.;
"Also tbe-same against4he-king is-made-ready:
" It-is-deepened, it-is-enlarged : in-its-inclosure fire
" By-fuel is-increased : thc-breath-of Jehovah,
" As-a-stream-of sulphur, kindk-tk it."
81. 1. 4. d. ' there-'
7. from b. after ' there,' insert ' and in Judges
y. 11., 1 Sam. xii. 7 '., and Dan. ix. 16.
83. 1. 17. for 'sinners' r. 'idolaters.'

* The author, having in a sermon asserted, that this expression
is only a parallel to me in the preceding line, occasioned a remon
strance from his parishioners.
f Jehovah himself.
X The furnace : see Sermon on the Everlasting Fire of the,
Athanasian Creed.

376 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS,
83. I. 5. from b. for 'Ps. 1.' r. 'Ps. i.'
85. lines 5, 6. for ' sin,' r. ' idolatry.'
19. r. "population.'
86. 7. from b. add, 'See Jer. xlvi. 10.'
99. 16. r. ' 2.'
104. v. 10. for ' the-Lord Jehovah/ r. 'Jehovah God-of
hosts.' 109. I. 17. and 3. from b. and passim, for 'holy-one' r,
* peculiar-God.' 11. from b. to 'mountains' note f Micah vi. I.; Hab:
iii. 6. 10.; and Ps. cxiv. 4. 6;
111. 1. 5. from b. The parallels, 'Jacob, my ser-
' vant,' and ' Israel, my chosen,' are, each collective
ly, the same as the good figs, Jer. xxiv.
113. 1. 21. for ' for-an-everlasting covenant,' r. ' for-a-
covenant-of ancient-time/ and see xxiv. 5.; Jer. xxxii. 40,,
xlix. 13., 1. 5.
115. 1. 3. 6.
120, 10. from b.

, r. ' mine'

122. 2.
125. 2.
126. 13.
ISO. 4. and passim, J
118. 1. 2 for 'sinned' r. ' been-idolatrous'
J24. To last note add, Jer. 1. 34. Their-vindicator.
130. [ch. xlvii. v. 3.] note. Ezek. xvi. 36, 37- 39., xxiii. 10.
131. 12. for ' sayest in-heart' r. ' thinkest'
4. from b. for 'said—' r. 'thought'
135. 16. for ' aff.' r. ' suffix,' and thus corr. 86. 4. from
b., 104. 1., and 213. 7. from b.
3

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 377
136. 1. 3. [andch. lvii. 21.] for ' the-wicked/ r. 'idola-
' ters.' 137. v. 7. and passim, for ' rigkteous/ r. ' acquitted.
1. 6. from b. for 'righteous remnant/ r. ' *ac-
' quitted residue/
141. 21. d. ' in-tkine keart' and insert ' flN.)'
147. 7. from b. for < thy-holiness' r. ' thlne-appropriation '
148. 6. from b. add note at « peaCe.' That the original word,
thus generally translated, denotes prosperity, or temporal happi
ness, the effect of peace, will appear from the parallel, restoration,
at the end of the following line, and also from the interpretation of
the word in other passages.
149. [ch. Iii. end of v. IE J correct, " +Ye-who-bear
" the-arms-of Jehovak!" .
155. 1. for 'wicked' r. 'idolaters' [Ckaldeans]
160. 1. 10. from b. and passim, for ' holy -one,' r. ' Jpe-
' culiar-God/ 165. 5. from b. for ' words/ r. ' words of v. 3.'
171. 1. 12. from b. to the citations add, Ezek.
xviii. 31.; Pss. xxxiv. 18.; cxliii. 4.
176. 1. 15. and passim, for ' mine-holiness,' r. ' my-pecu-
' Har-appropriation.' ch. lviii. 14. ' §the-bigh-places-of tke-earth.'

* See preceding interpretations.
f Ye, his soldiers ! See Kennicott on 1 Chron. xi. 39. Dissert.
p. 217.
X See n. p. 137.
{ Ezek. xxxviii. 12. the navel of the earth, and signifying Ju
dea and Jerusalem. See Abp. N. on Ezek.; also 2 Sam. i. 19.
25.; and Hab. iii. 19.
3 c

378 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
184. ck. Ixi. 1. for 'the-' r. < a-' "spirit.
188. I. 1. and passim, for '-holy,' r. '-appropriated.'
4. fromh., 190. 12., and 274. 16., for 'a' r. 'an'
189. 4. from !>., and 190. 6. r. " The mind-of the-pecu-
liar-God :" See correction of p. 137.
195. to last notes, and to first note 198, add, also Ezek. xviii.
SI.; Pss. xxxiv. 18, cxliii. 4.
206. lines 6. 8. for ' harlot/ r. ' thostess.'
214. 1. d. 'the'.
n. add, Ezek. vii. 10, 11.; Hab. i. 2 — 4.
216. a. * add, and ci. 10.
217. vv. 18, 19. note, xxxii. 29, 30.
222. 2. for ' holy-iihing ' r. ' appropriation '
223. Jer. xii. 5. for « the-swelling/ r. 'a-Jthicket.'
234.. n. 2. add, Bee ver. 4., vi. 25., xlvi. 5., xlix. 29.; Lam. ii. 22,;
Ezek. xxi. 12.; Hab. iii. 16.; Ps. xxxi. IS.
240. n. 1 . add, For the first sense see also Ezek. xxxiv. *2. &c.
246. to the last note add, See Bp. Horsley on Hosea, vii. M.
251. to the but noos add, and Ezek. xviii. 2.
258. n. 2. insert, Ezek. xxi. 12.; Hab. iii. 16.
259. n. || insert, Is, xxx. 27.; Hab. i. S.
261. end of n. 1. add, « and lvi. 1. and allow for the difference
between a passive and a neuter verb.
262. end of n. X> r. ' idolatry : although not always ; for see
Ezek. xxxvi. 2.; and Hab, ii. 17.'
* For a preceding instance Df this precise term "without the rr
emphatic, and with no other rectum, see xi. 2., and Judg. vi. 34.
See note on Lam. iii. 33.
X See correction of Is. i. 21., p. 361.
X See xlix. 19.> 1. 44. Dr. Blayney on Zech. xi. S. and Bp.
Horsley on Hosea, v. 5.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 379
263. n. f , r. « So xxiii. 20., xlix. 39.; and Is. ii. 2.': and for
« both' r. ' the three.' See also nn. on Ezek. xxxviii. 8.; and Dan.
ii. 28.
272. n. §§ after 'Mr. P.' insert, Ezek. xxvii. 11.
292. [Lam. iv. 5.] at 'dunghills,' n. 1 Sam. ii. 8.
296. n. § add, See Hab. ii. 15.
J. n. X> for 'intensity' r. 'the superlative degree.'
308. J
315. n. f» for '26' r. «25.'
318. 15. for < 4/ r. * 24.'
S45. 5. r. < though erring and corrupted/ —

CATENA.

THE

PROPHECIES OF BALAAM.

NUMBERS * XXIII. 7—10.
Me Balak + brings from Aram's distant land;
Moab ! from eastern hills thy king's command.
' JCome tkou ; e'en Jacob tkou for me decry !
' E'en come tkou ; e'en Israel thou defy !'
Whom God hath not decried, §must I decry ? [8j
Whom God katk not defied, must I defy f
Surely from rocky heights his camp I ken ; [9]
E'en view from kills his countless hosts of men.
A people is he doom'd to dwell alone,
E'en not bimself as one amongst the nations own !
Wko dust can count, e'en him let Jacob count ! [10J
E'en tell the fourth of Israel's amount !
As die the || upright, e'en let be my death !
As his departs, e'en thus depart my breath
* Second Sunday after Easter, morning lesson.
t Jerusalem and Samaritan copies both have the future verb to
express the present, which is a continuation into future time.
X ' ' Words of Balak.
§ The metre favours this reading. Omit the mems, and the
Vau prefixed to the latter.
|| Balaam, it is presumed, meant himself, not Israel, as hath

S82 THE PROPHECIES
18—24.
Now, Balak ! tkou arise ! e'en now thou hear !
To me, tkou son of Zippor ! give thou ear !
No *man of rank is God, of words not sure ; [19]
Nor common man, whose speech can none secure :
Performance shall his promises succeed,
E'en his unchanging word insure tbe deed.
Me he design'd his blessing to rehearse ; [20~]
Nor, what I have pronounc'd, can I reverse.
In + Jacob no ^affliction can §1 see, [21}
E'en in Israel no calamity :
His God Jebovak's presence kim befriends;
E'en him the triumph of a king attends.
|| E'en him from Egypt God himself hath led : [22]
% E'en around him shall mountains strong be spred.
Surely shall no conjecture Jacob barm : £23]
Against Israel shall prevail no charm :
E'en in due tune of him it shall be said ;
How great a work bath God for him display 'd !
E'en as a lioness shall he arise : [24]
E'en as a lion, who his vigour tries :
He, ere he champs his prey, will scorn repose ;
E'en ere he drinks the blood of slaughter'd foes.
been generally understood. He had delivered a prophecy in per
fect uprightness and integrity, such as he would have done, had
the words been his last.
* See Jer. xlix. 18. 33., 1. 40.} Dan. viii. 17., ix. 21.
f The third person continues throughout.
X The noun in the following parallel explains the import of this,
which in preceding interpretations has been understood usually to
denote punishment of idolatry.
$ Samaritan. || xxiv. 8.
5f This latter clause in the original seems more correct in
Ps. xcv. 4.

©F BALAAM. S83
XXIV. *3— p.
tLet all the son of Beor, Balaam, heart
E'en hear tke ^warrior whose sigkt ig ^ clear !
j| E'en him wbo heard tke inigbty God's decree : [4]
Who wont in trance, with eye unveil'd, to see
By the dispenser sent each destiny !
Mow are **tky tents, tkou great tfrsupplanter!
fair ! [5]
Thy ^curtamsitheea §$ prince with God declare.
As vallies are they by Jebovah spred ; [6]
E'en fair as gardens by a river fed :
As tent-like aloe-tEees, a forest wide :
As feanks of waster boast tke cedar's pride.
His land a want rf moisture shall not know : [7]
E'en shall his |||arm o'er mighty If waters go:
E'en above *** Magog shall kis king be high ;
E'en shall his kingdom aim to reach the sky.
1 1 + E'en him from Egyipi God himself hatk led : [8]
E'en around kim skall mountains strong be spred :
Nations, bis foes, to ruin shall be given :
E'en deeply through tkeirfbones kis arrows shall be driven.

* Ver. 2, end. A superior or divine mind ; as was in Joseph,
Gen. xli. 38., and in Daniel, iv. 8.
t V. 15.
X Ch. xxxi. 8„ and see interpretation of Jer. xvii. 5. 7.
§ LXX. ; Read schin as a pronoun.
•|| This line the Samaritan omits in this v., but not in v. sk6.
^ See Bp. -Lowth's Latin iambics, Pr*l. xx,, end.
** Begins and ends with the second person.
tt Gen. xxvii. 36. J % Tent-curtains-
§ § Gen. xxxii. 29. ||'|| Power.
fff Euphrates of Arnon.
*** Samaritan. Understand Babylon, Ezek. xxxviii. .2.
ttt xxiii. 22.

384 THE PROPHECIES
*He, as a lion, couches to repose ; [9]
E'en, as a lioness, defies bis foes :
tE'en blessings shall Jtky blessers ever greet :
E'en skall themselves thy cursers' curses meet.
15—24.
§ Let all the son of Beor, Balaam, hear !
E'en hear the warrior whose sight is clear !
E'en him who heard the mighty God's decree; [16]
E'en learnt, Most High ! futurity from thee !
Who wont in trance, with eye unveil'd, to see
By the dispenser sent each destiny !
My |j words shall give to distant time I his fame : [17]
E'en prosperous shall be his future name.
E'en, ** Jacob ! from thy course a ttstar shall go :
E'en shall a staff from thee, Israel ! grow :
Which shall the hostile sons of Moab wound ;
E'en JJall to §§ruin destin'd shall || || confound.

* 6en. xlix. 9. t Gen. xxvii. 29. trs.
X Rechange of person from the third to the second, as is com
mon in Hebrew : see change at v. 7.
§ Ver. S. || LXX.
f Jacob's. This third prophecy begins and ends with die third
person. ** Change from third person to second.
tt ' David.' Michaelis. Rather, the Davids; that is, all the
princes of the house of David or of the tribe of Judah, before and
after the Captivity. See notes on Jer. xxxiii. 21 — 26. Neither a
Barchochab, nor a Chochab besides these, can be literally admitted
;nto the company.
XX See interpr. of Is. xxv; 10.
§ § Interpose heth between the two letters of the supposed ap
pellative. II II Mr. P.
6

OF BALAAM. 385
*E'en him its heir shall Edom's country own, [18]
When l!ie X foe-brother X Esau shall be gone ;
When % deeds renown to Jacob's line shall give : [19]
When Israel fro n ||Seir shall blot e'en all who live.
Slipp'd from first nations Amalek was born ; [20]
Whose future growth shall be from them for ever Itorn.
Strong be thy duelling, thou, ** Cain's distant
race! [21]
E'en thou thy **nest in precipices place!
To tear thee thence shall climb the + 1 crafty foe : [22]
With Ashur thou to X X dwell shalt ^captive go.
Ah ! who shall them lead back* from Ashur's land ? [23]
What God shall rid them from the afflicter's band ?
E'en Ashur shall obstruct the § § pilgrim's way : [24]
E'en then himself shall pass for ever to decay.

* See Obad. 19., also observe rechange of person from the
second to the third ; and change in v. 7.
X LXX. X Samaritan and LXX. -
§ Paronomasia. The two last words of v. 18. transpose beyond
the two first of v. 19., and take the preceding appellative as the
nominative to the latter verb of v. 19.
|| The hairy, Gen. xxv. 25. The Jerusalem copy reads this
word for Esau in v. 18., and the insertion of a schin makes it the
last word of V, 19.
^f Reference in the original seems to be to the meaning of the
appellative, ** Paronomasia. tt LXX.
|t Paronomasia. §§ Mr. P. LXX. Hebrews.

3 n

THE

PROPHECY OF *HABAKUK«

I. i hat which Habakuk saw, the doom of woes,
Divinely sent the prophet shall disclose !
H. t When, will Jehovah to my cry attend ? [2*1
When shall his servant's call unceasing end ;
'" No help from thee the spoiler's hand restrains ?"
Why in my vision ruthless | rapine reigns ? [3]
Why must mine eyes calamity survey,
Tke cruel darkness of destruction's day ;
When each o'er each shall fiercely strive to rise ?
Force shall the abject throne of law despise, [4]
Nor more Oppression be by justice bound ;
Soon as the idol bids his troops surround
Salem's once faithful walls. Wrong hails that sight,
And bids her sons usurp the place of right.
J. | Ye who to idols bow ! behold your doom : [5"}
- E'en greatly wond'ring sink into the tomb<
* His subject, Nebuchadnezzar's invasion.
t The prophet speaks in vv. 2 — 4. Jehovah in Vv. 5 — 1 1. Af=
terwards the prophet to the end of the book. It has been re
gretted that a sight of Mr. Green's translation could not be ob
tained. X See iii. 16., and note on Jer. vii 6.
§ The idolatrous Jews.

3S8 -THE PROPHECY"
For I on you that vengeance will effect,
Belief iu which your faithless minis reject.
E'en now my purpose view, in these your days, [6]
E'en against you the fam'd Chaldee to raise.
Like him no nation wages bitter war :
None chase the foe so swiftly f o n afar ;
Or cross the earth's wide regions to acquire
Dwellings not theirs, new objects of desire.
Terrific flame his *gleainy van precedes : [7]
And greatness owns his own heroic deeds.
Less fleetly than his steeds the pards their prey [8]
Pursue, and wolves less sharply prowl than they.
He tfrorn afar o'er all the land shall pour
His troops, as eagles speeding to devour.
E'en he to force J completion's hand shall place ; [9]
When to the east shall turn his ruthless face,
His steps with countless captives to retrace.
E'en he sublimely monarchs shall deride : [10]
E'en shall kis laughter mock tke rulers' pride :

* The second word in the v. is rendered in the LXX. by a word
which in good Greek should be ' illustrious ;' but, in Hellenistics,
or Jewish Alexandrine, it may denote ' dreadfully dazzling/
Mr. P.; or ' splendidly dreadful;'' as in Judges xiii. 6. Alex. O.
Aid. C.
Mr. Wintle, therefore, on Daniel xi. 21. p. 181. must have been
mistaken in asserting, that Antiochus Epiphanes was so called,
•from the usual sarcasm of the times,' because he was not
illustrious. t Is. v. 26., x. 3., xxii. 11., xxx. 27., xxxvii. 26., xlvi. 11. j
Jer. xlvi. 27., li. 50.
X LXX. Every thing shall be carried eastward.

&F HABAkUK. 389
His mighty scorn no fortress shall restrain :
His mound of dust shall change it to a plain.
But, veer'd his wind, ebbs his great soul apace; [11]
Fast as bis gods can drive him to disgrace.
H. Jehovah ! art not thou, *ere carv'd were they ? [12j
Mine town God ! leave us not to death a prey.
Jehova"h ! ± he, a scourge at thy command,
Inflicts a flinty vengeance from thine hand.
Thou, God! too pure of eyes to look on woe : t^J
E'en as thy kert loves not distress to know ;
Why unregarding seest thou § rapine reign ?
Why of thy || foes thy worshippers complain ?
E'en men thou view 'st as fish which throng the deep; [14]
As vulgar tribes in anarchy which creep.
For, nations by his hook uprais'd have hung; [15]
Or all uplifted in his net have clung :
He in bis drag hath swept them all away,
And crown'd his triumph with a f festive day.
Therefore his net he raises to the skies ; [16j
And to his drag his smoking perfumes rise.
Surely from tkese rich bounty be derives :
Surely by these in luxury be lives.
Shall therefore he his net ne'er cease to spread ? [17]
Nor spare to number nations with the dead ?
**II. For theej1 Jerusalem! my post I ttkeep;
E'en on the tower fix'd I knew not bleep,
* From time antecedent to them. Repeat the last letter as a suffix.
t ' My-peculiar-God.' See on Is. xlix. 7. p- 137- hote.
X Nebuchadnezzar, v". 6.. and ii. 5.
§ ' Spoilers.' Is. xxi. 2. the Babylonians.
)| Nebuchadnezzar, v. 12.
51 Such as when Babylon was taken.
** Twenty-first Sunday after Trinity, morning lesson.
tt Frequentative.

59f> fHE PROPHECtf
Watchful our *dire besieger to descry j >
To -fhear his dread command, and promptly to reply J
Until Jehovah me ad.lressing said ; [2]
" Write thou a vision: on the tablets laid
" Even each letter so distinctly spread,
te That all may run, the vision while they read.
" Surely as yet a destin'd time must come, . [3]
" Ere breathe at length the vision's certain doom :
" Doubt not its truth, although it long delay :
" It hastens to complete its distant day :
" E'en, though thus far it in concealment lie,
" Is fix'd, and sure to come, its destiny."
J Shall not Jehovah, to his promise true, [4]
,§Life to his worshippers restor'd renew ?
But crush'd shall || he be, who the world oppress'd; [p~j
And. houseless shall the warlike robber rest :
E'en he, whose craving is, as Sheol, wide ;
E'en who, as death, can ne'er be satisfied :
E'en who hath all the nati sns made his own ;
E'en w:iom have all the peoples serv'd alone :
Shall not these all their bitter taunts prepare ; [6]
E'en against him a parable declare ?

* In the common translations, 'he,' Nebuchadnezzar, i. 6. 12*
13. sq.: but, interpreters have generally understood Jehovah to
have been intended.
t An office met worthy of the prophet.
X The vision, commencing with this verse, continues to the end
of the chapter. It seems to have been divided into four parts,
each to be engraven on a tablet of stone that was to be fixed upon
the wall in every aspect of the besieging foe. The first tablet ap
pears to end with v. 8.; the second with v. 14., and the third with
v 17.
§ Return from captivity. Answer to i. vv. 12, 13.
|| Nebuchadnezzar, i. 6.12, 13. sq.

"'W? HABAKUK, 391
E'en upon him sententious sarcasm fling ;
E'en thus the foe with keen derision sting?
* Low falls the mighty * robber from bis height :
* EVn woe augments on him his plunder's weight! >
* Shall not thy biters suddenly arise ? [7]
' E'en thy disturbers wake and thee surprise ?
* E'en shalt not thou be stripp'd by robberies ?
* Because thyself hast nations made thy prey, [8]
' Thou shalt by spoil from peoples pass away ;
* No. more mankind to t still, a land to Jbare,
* Or a sack'd city's plunder'd wealth to share.'
Woe hath the gainer gain'd : distressful gain [9]
To those he wish'd in grandeur to maintain!
Too fondly dream'd §he, that his nest on high
Could never rcacb the fiend, calamity.
Thy deeds have sunk thy family in shame : [10]
Thy weakness ruin'd multitudes proclaim.
Surely a stone from out the wall shall cry ; [1 1 J
E'en shall a building-beam to it reply ;
* Builder of woe! whose walls were built by wrong: [121
' Whose city citizens unwilling throng !
* In this part of the verse, and more especially at the junction
lOf vv. 3, 4., and at the commencement of v. 5., as well as in
subsequent passages of the prophecy, are conjectural emendations,
which it is hoped that an opportunity of explaining will be afforded
in a prose Translation of the Minor Prophets and of the Psalms.
t The defei.ee of thib and other pa:ts of the translation is re
served for the work announced in the preceding note. A parono
masia is here observable.
X Lam. ii. 6.
§ Nebuchadnezzar; vv. 6 — 8. a spoiler, 9 — 11. a changer of
the seat of monarchy, 12 — 14. an oppressor, 15 — 17- an idola
trous corrupt^, 18 — 20. an idolater. See some of these titles in
ver. 5.

39!? tHE PROPHECY
* Shall not Jehovah thus thy works o'erturn, [I3J
f That what vast labour rais'd the fire shall burn;
' That what the toil of wearied nations wrought,
* E'en as *thyself, shall suddenly be nought ?
c Then shall the land Jehovah's greatness own, [14]
' Widely as spring-tide floods the ocean crown.'
But deep the draught of woe for him prepare, [15]
Who bids his friend his +poison'd flagon share :
Nor dreads another's person to inflame ;
Nor shuns to view his sickness or his X shame :
Sated with vile disgrace, thou § boaster vain! [16]
Drink thou, e'en tkou thyself, thou wretch profane !
Anmnd unto thee comes a plenteous bowl,
E'en unto sickness which shall drench thy soul :
Which from the right hand of Jehovah sped
With foul disgrace thy || glory shall o'erspread.

* Let the poetically speaking stone and beam be allowed both
to think and to speak, not precisely as theologians, but as a poet of
our country : ' A heap of dust alone remains of thee !'
t The flagon of intoxication. It is doubted, whether, as Gro
tius thought, vv. 15, 16. contain an allegory. It is rather believed,
that the king of Babylon had prevailed on the king of Judah to
drinlj with him, that in consequence he might discover and laugh
at the circumcision, not without a view of shaming him into idola
try. See the sequel of the verse, and Lam. iv. 21.
| It may be believed, that in the East the heat augmented by
excessive drink would prevail on the intoxicated to lay aside the
decencies of dress.
§ In uncircumcision.
|| Boast in uncircumcision over the circumcised, probably Zede
kiah before he had rebelled : and thus this verse may fix the time
of Habakuk,

OF HABAKUK. 393
Surely the temple's fall thine hand shall * stain, [ 17]
E'en t chapels ras'd demand J thee to be slain ;
No more mankind to still, a land to bare,
Or a sack'd city's plundcr'd wealth to share.
What to thee, idol ! that thine every part [ 18]
Hath nicely sculptur'd thy vain maker's art,
To take of ^molten ore thy jointed case,
And teach thy worship in Jehovah's place ?
Teach him, his hope was vain, his skill is weak;
That never shall he make his speechless idols || speak.
Awake thy woe, who bidd'st thy wood awake ! [19]
Who deadness bidd'st the sluggish stone forsake.
Will wood or stone receive thy kind alarm ?
Can idols mute thine ear with language charm ?
Their gold or silver may their value teach,
Whilst want of breath forbids return of speech.
But in his hallow 'd house Jehovah stands, [20]
Whose speech the silence of the earth commands.
III. Thy word, Jehovah, by my pen Shathgone; [**2]
E'en have I seen what will by thee be done :

* Cover, overspread, or, mark. Mai. ii. 16.
t Trs. ft.
X Or dry successors, as at v. 8., the conclusion of which is here
repeated. § A molten image was a graven image overlaid with molten
metal. See interpr. of Is. p. 105., and Horsley on Hosea, 2d ed.
p. 134, The vanity of the Babylonian graver of the wooden
image, had induced him to think, that when he had overlaid it with
gold and silver, it might deliver useful oracles.
|| I he participle seems wanting for the last word, in addition to
the substantive and adjective ; which form a paronomasia.
•f The verb in Huphal : in v. 16. in Hiphil.
** 1. 'A prayer of Plabakuk the prophet upon Shigioneth,'
3 E

394 THE PROPHECY
As years approach thy wondrous work appears,
E'en all tky purpose in revolving years :
But wratk in thee no mortal hate betrays,
E'en tenderness tkine ire itself displays.
* Thus God of old from Teman came, [3}
And Paran own'd his hallow'd name :
The skies were witk his glory crown'd,
E'en spread the land his splendour round.
Then more than light his lustre beam'd : [4]
Bays from his kand tenacious stream'd :
E'en was kis strength concealment deem'd :
March'd pestilence before his face ; [5]
E'en thirds were wont bis track to trace.
He stood, the country to descry ; [6]
E'en nations view'd his searching eye :
E'en he through f mighty % mountains broke;
E'en fix'd on || ancient chills his yoke :
E'en pierc'd he unaccustom'd ways,
E'en paths long clos'd from elder days.
Seen shrinking from Jehovah's sight [7]
Was f Og, o'ercome with dire affright ;

* This connection with the preceding is expressed in the original
by the use of the verb in the future relative. What in the com-
mon translations is called a prayer, is rather a divine hymn cele
brating the former deliverances from Egypt, and from the nations
who opposed the march of the Israelites into Canaan.
t Birds of prey. Michaelis on Lowth, ed. Oxon. p. 111. So
Ps. lxxvi. 4., ' the birds of the bow,' the winged arrows,
X LXX. robbery. Spoil. Correct at Is. ix. 5., xxvi. 4.
$ Powerful and long established nations, Mic. vi. l.j Ps. cxiv.
4. 6.; Is. xli. 15.
|| Is. xxiv. 5.; Jer. xxxii. 40., xlix. 13., 1. 5., li. 26. 62.
f See Abp. N.

OF HABAKUK. 395
E'en trembled Bashan's tents around;
E'en Midian's *curtain-cover'd ground.
Had floods provok'd Jehovah's rage ? [8]
Could floods thy wrathful hand engage ?
Could the sea move thy vengeful ire ?
These could not indignation fire ;
What time tky people's foes to tread,
The horses of tky chariots sped.
Then was thy bow's incessant twang ; [9]
Then in. the air thine arrows sang ;
When nations came thy steps to stay ;
When thou through floods didst cleave thy way.
tMountains in pangs thy wonders view'd ; [10]
What time the flood thy foes pursued :
When roar'd the deep in thunder loud ;
When rose aloft its billows proud.
Astoriish'd stood the orbs of light : [11]
Thy shafts then chas'd the shades of night :
Thy spear then flash'd as lightning bright.
Thine ireful march then felt the land ; [12]
JThrash'd nations then thy vengeful hand.
§ Forth hadst thou from thine orient throne, [13]
Thy people's great restorer, gone :
Beneatk thine arm had bent thy foe :
Thy scourge kad brought distressers low.
Thy shafts bad pierc'd a || chieftain's head ; [14]
When as a storm his horsemen sped,
Thy people in affliction's kour
To break, and secretly devour.

* Tent-curtain. t Lxx- ^o). See ver. 6.
X Is. xli. 15.
j Recurrence to the Egyptian deliverance.
II Pharaoh.

396 THE PROPHCY OF HABAKUi.
Had march'd thy coursers through the deep, [15]
Troubling its waves, a mighty heap.
I * heard thy word with trembling frame ; [16]
E'en the dread sentence, as it came :
My joints a quiv'ring tremor took ;
E'en under me tke ground I skook ;
Fearing to view misfortune's tend,
Or to our J banisher § ascend.
But || though no fig-tree leaves shall give; [17]
Or vine in fruitful produpe thrive ;
Its fruit the olive shall deny ;
And fields no staff of life supply ;
Shall from the fold its flocks be gone ;
E'en herds the stalls shall cease to own ;
Yet will afford Jehovah joy ; [18]
Yet will his strength my songs employ.
E'en hath my feet as 5 pillars fix'd his hand ; [19]
E'en will he bid me tread upon mine ** highest land.

* Ver, 2. t The taking of the city.
X LXX. and see Jer. vi. 25., xx. 4. 10., xlvi. 5., xlix. 29. ;
Lam. ii. 22.; Ezek. xxi. 12.; Ps. xxxi. 15.
§ To the top of the walls for the fixing of the tablets, by which
Nebuchadnezzar would be offended.
|| Whatever may happen. f LXX.
** Judea and Jerusalem. See 2 Sam. i. 19. 2s.; Is. Iviii. 14.;
Ezek. xxxviii. 12.; Amos iv. 13.; Micah i. 3.

THE

SONG OF DEBORAH.

JUDGES *V. 2—31.
Let willing warriors to Jehovah pay,
For freedom's triumph gain'd, the grateful lay.
E'en to a prophetess let hearken kings : [3]
Let rulers listen, wkilst a matron sings :
For to Jehovah I the song will raise ;
Israel ! to thy God the song of praise.
When by thy steps, Jehovah ! Seir was spann'd ; [4]
When marchedst thou of old from Edom's land ;
Shook earth, dissolv'd the sky, were levell'd hills; [5^
E'en Sinai wash'd its overflowing rills ;
Own'd all things, Israel ! thy mighty God,
Bow'd to Jehovah's face, or trembled as he trode.
Not thus the t roads were free ; when on the foe [6]
The valiant Shamgar dealt the death ful blow,
Or Jael slew the friendly chief she fear'd ;
When but in by-paths travellers apptar'd.
E'en from their towns had all n\y so:is been driven; [7]
Until myself to lead thern bad been given.
Until Deborah them to teach arose, [8]
Until Israel me his mother chose,
Oppressors bade them to new gods to bow ;
And cities fene'd alone repell'd the loe.

* Second Sunday after Trinity, afternoon lesson.
t Omit the original of this word in its second place.

398 THE SONG OF DEB&RAH.
Myriads unarm'd bad thus o'erspread the land : [9]
But now my sons enroll'd mine heart demand.
Ye willing warriors ! to Jehovah pay,
For freedom's triumph gain'd, the grateful lay.
Ye peaceful chiefs, white asses who bestride ! [10]
Disputes who sit in gateways to decide !
E'en ye who pass the roads ! repose enjoy ;
E'en let deliverance your songs employ :
For, by Jehovah driv'n, the din of arms [11]
*No more Israel's villages alarms.
E'en to their towns let all my sons repair,
E'en freedom by Jehovah gain'd declare.
Again the voice of song, Deborah, raise ! [12]
Again triumphant speak the words of praise !
Barak, arise ! e'en now tky captives see,
Who Israel depriv'd of liberty.
Then led each martial chief a valiant band : . [13]
Then sought Jehovah's soldiers my command.
See from Ephraim sprung a warlike race : [14]
See, Benjamin ! thy sons the t valley trace !
See his enlisted troops X Machir unfold ;
And from Zebulon's plains the bands enroll'd !
Then too Issachar's chiefs the tribe prepare [15]
To follow me Deborah to the war,
Whom Barak bids each hero to engage
From Reuben's ^streams to quell the battle's rage.
Why hast thou dwelt the water-troughs among, [16]
To hear of bleating flocks the peaceful song ;

* For the meaning of the word in this ver. and in other places,
translated ' righteousness,' instead of ' deliverance,' see pp. 81.
144. t LXX. X Half tribe of Manasseh.
§ Jordan and Arnon.

THE SONG OF DEBORAH. 399
When Barak bade each hero to engage
From Reuben's streams to quell the battle's rage ?
Stay'd * Gad, e'en t Gilead, by Jordan's tide ; [17]
And Dan, where j:anchor'd ships securely vide:
And Asher distant § harbours of the main,
And craggy promontories, still retain.
But not Zebiilon could inglorious ease, [18]
Or Nephtali his fertile champaign, || please:
As kings they came the conflict to begin ; [19]
To raise with Canaan's kbigs the battle's din:
To ancient Taanack came, the foe to find ;
And left the sordid gain of peace behind.
Then from the skies engag'd the orbs of light : [20]
Then in their paths the stars sped, Sisera! thy flight.
Kibhon thy people whelm'd beneath his tide : [21]
Kishon, ot ancient floods the boasted pride !
E'en trode myself the necks of sons of might ; [22]
What time their coursers o'er the fields of fight
Fail'd to bear off the authors of their flight.
5 Scorn is to **Simeon and Judah due; [23]
E'en great 5 contempt their dwellers shall pursue :
For, not with warriors they, their lasting shame I
To aid thy worshippers, Jehovah ! came.
* The metre accepts, and the complete enumeration requires 111
at the beginning of the verse.
t Half tribe of Manasseh. | lljiob.
§ Tyre and Sidon. || D. trfidb, as in Is. xxxviii. 1.
f See Mr. P. on the word.
** The other fighting tribes having been before mentioned, it
is almost demanded by the exigentia loci, that the unknown
Meroz should be Simeon, the verb in the third place the repe
tition of the participle in the first, with Judah attached to it instead
of Jehovah, and the intermediate ' angel ' dismissed. The He
brew scholar will perceiye how easily the letters will admit of this
conjecture.

400 THE SONG OF DEBORAH.
Women o'er all let Heber's wife be prais'd ! [24]
Women in tents o'er all her fame be rais'd !
Water the hero ask'd, when milk she brought ; [25]
E'en a rich bowl of butter-milk unsought !
Her hand outstretch Y: a tent-peg firmly clasp 'd ; [26]
E'en her right hand the workmen's malkt grasp'd :
E'en deeply pierc'd she, Sisera ! thine head :
E'en the driv'n peg she through thy f em pies sped.
* Before her feet, beneath the mortal wound, [27]
Sank the fali'n hero lifeless to the ground :
Before her feet he bent, no more to rise :
E'en there he clos'd in endless night his eyes.
Fix'd in the window, whence no son she spied, [28]
The chieftain's mother through the lattice cried :
' Where, Sisera! so long thy chariot stays?
• ' What cause thy chariot- wheels so long delays ?'
Discreetly thus her virgin train reply ; [29]
E'en she rejoins to each their cheering cry :
V.t ' Can they not find — ?
M. ' E'en now they share the spoil.' [30]
V. « A girl?'
M. ' Two girls reward each soldier's toil.'
V. ' For Sisera a richly- varied vest ?'
M. ' E'en is be now in colours broider'd drest:
' E'en doubly -broider'd hues adorn the spoiler'sJbreast.'
But thus, as perish'd Sisera, may all, [31~]
Jehovah ! who oppress thy people, fall !
E'en thus may they, who aid Israel, rise;
As soars the noontide sun in splendour through the skies!
* The ill effect of this verse, read in churches, even common
hearers must have felt.
t Michaelis upon Lowth, ed. Oxon. p. 75. thus distributes and
interprets the lines, as a dialogue between the discreet virgins of
Sisera's mother and herself.

THE
SONG OF HANNAH,
THE MOTHER OF SAMUEL.

1 SAM *ll. 1—10.
Hath made Jehovak to exult mine heart,
E'en rays of splendour from mine kead to dart : .
My joyful mouth is wide against my foes ;
Wkilst for thine help my frame with gladness glows.
Who, as Jehovah, will protection grant ? [2]
What other God Can give the good we want ?
Vaunters! your speech from many vaunts restrain : [3]
Let words perverse your cautious bps contain :
A God supreme in knowledge he presides,
Jehovah, who events with wisdom guides.
Bows of the strong asunder have been snapp'd : [4]
The stumbling weak with strength have been inwrapp d :
The full have been reduc'd to live by hire : [5]
The hungry thave been rais'd above desire :
The barren have at length seven children bless 'd :
^The fruitful womb hath feebleness depress'd.
Jehovah's hands now death, now life, dispense} [6]
Now down to Sheol hurl, now raise up thence.
E'en poverty, e'en wealth are his to give : [7]
These grovel, as he bids ; and these in splendour live.

* Third Sunday after Trinity, morning lesson.
t Heb. Have ceased to rob. X Jer- X7, 9*
3 F

402 THE SONG OF HANNAH.
Up from the dust he liftetb the distrest, [8]
Need's sallow children who on * laystalls rest;
Witk princely minds to seat them, side by side,
Joint-heirs of honour's throne, of honour's pride.
Surely Jehovah form'd earth's ambient air
The stable world in equipoise to bear.
tHe his own worshippers shall guide aright ; [9]
Wrhilst others sweep away the shades of night :
^Surely a man, who would by strength prevail [10]
§ Against Jehovah, of his end must fail.
Before Jehovah's thunders fall his foes ;
E'en from Jehovah comes the eartk's repose :
E'en ke around kis king his strength hatk spread ;
E'en rays of ligkt katk rais'd from kis anointed's head.
* The same as Lam. iv. 5. p. 292. ' Dunghills.'
f The mother of Samuel seems, in w. 9, 10., prophetically to
refer to the Davids and to the Assyrian enemies. Observe the un
certainty of the LXX in vv. 9, 10.
X Begin v. 101 § Retranspose.

THE
LAMENTATION OF DAVID
OVER
SAUL AND JONATHAN.
2 SAM. I. 19—27.
Israel's * column on thy t mountain's brow!
How, warrior, lie the valiant compeers low !
Be not in Gath proclaim'd your foul defeats ! [20]
Fill not the news in Ashcalon the streets !
Lest maids in foreign song o'er you rejoice :
Lest maids profane uplift th' exulting voice.
Not on Gilboa's hills be dew or rain, [21]
Nor fields of harvest wave with golden grain !
For upon them was vain the warrior's shield ;
Th' anointed 's ^armour strew 'd the battle's field.
Match 'd with thee, Jonathan! the stoutest foe [22]
Ne'er stay'd the terror of thy twanging bow :
Ne'er from the sword of Saul ceas'd hostile blood to flow.
Had liv'd the chiefs in fame and friendship one ; [23]
Nor parted death the peerless sire and son :
E'en they in swiftness mooL'd the eagle's flight;
E'en they in strength surpass'd the lion's might.
* LXX.
t Is. Iviii. li-.; Ezek. xxxviii. 12.; Amos iv. 13.; Micah i. 3.;
Hab. iii. 19.
X Dr. K.

404 THE LAMENTATION OF DAVID,
For Saul, Israel's maids ! your sorrow flow, [24]
Wko bade your dress witk Tyrian purple glow ;
Wko bade embroid'ry's golden pencil trace
O'er all your silken robes its magic grace.
How, warrior, lie the valiant compeers low ! £25]
Surrounded whom with countless hosts the foe,
Brave Jonathan ! upon thy mountain's brow.
The fate of thee, my brotker ! I deplore ; [26]
The pleasant, friendly, Jonathan no more :
My strong regard for thee kath fill'd my mind ;
E'en less could me in friendship women bind,
How, warrior, lie the valiant compeers low ! [27]
Their massy weapons how lie broken by tke foe?

THE

LAMENTATION OF DAVID
OVER
ABNER,
2 SAM. Ill, 33, 34.
Abner ! unjustly thou thy death hast found »
Thine hands, as felon's hands, were never bound ; [341
No fetters held thy feet : e'en, as life's breath
Th' assassin's steel extracts, thou mett'st thy death.

PROPER * LESSONS to be read at MORNING and EVENING PRAYER,
ON THE SUNDAYS, AND OTHER HOLYDAYS, THROUGHOUT THE YEAR.
LESSONS PROPER FOR SUNDAYS.
Sundays of Advent. mattins. pages. evensong. pages.
The first  Isaiah — 1 27. 360 Isaiah — 2 28. 362
2 \   _ 5 33.364  24 67.373
3 "' '[ . . . .  — 25 68. 373  26 69. 374
4 '.'. '.'. '.'. ..  -30 76.375  32 80.
Sundays after Christmas.
The first   -37 92.  38 93.
2   -41 107.  43 118.
Sundays after Epiphany.
The first   -** 121.  46 129.
g   . —51 144.  53 151. «
3  . .  _ 55 159.  56 162.
4 '.'. '.'. .. .. ¦  -57 165.  58 173.
* Not in the Hebrew Bible are omitted. Unnoticed in the preceding sheets are blank in the page columns.
Verses, with notes of reference in the page columns, are annotated beneath.

wCO
m
9 in
saoISwp**lo z! O

o-4

Sundays after Epiphany. mattins. pages. evensong, pages, *»
Tke fifth  , Isaiak —59 176. Isaiak — 64 191. §

6
Septuagesima
Sexagesima * Gen. i. 2. • Even

 — 65 193.  66 197.
Gen. — 1 *vv.2.26. Gen, — 2
 — 3 tv. 19.  — 6 tv.3. t*
a-wmd-of God caused-an-agitation*  X
A powerful wind. See note on Lam. iii. 33. p. 289. for this manner of expressing the superlative 2!
degree ; and also Mr. Parkhurst on the verb of the participle.
— — 26. ' Then said the Alelm : We will make man in our image, according to our likeness.' Mr. Parkhurst. But §
if, as some grammarians assert, the plural sometimes denotes only an intensity of the singular, the translation may be : 2.
Then said the great God ; I will make man in mine image. — Let it also be suggested, that the lengthening only of **
a Yod to a Nun or to a Vau, may have altered the reading from, Man shall be made, which the Nun in Syriac de- 2
notes. Upon the strength of this verse the chapter is also the morning lesson for Trinity Sunday. An annotator "
who would not desire to be a Jerome, and who with any integrity must have left his Damasus, if he had had one, at q
p. 29 of the preceding sheets, refers the reader to Dr. Jortin's account of the last-mentioned saint^ Remarks onEccle- *
siastical History, vol. iii. pp. 23 — 27. ed. 1805, and to the bottom of p. 8 of the same vol. for the ' virtue, if religion %
* can be profited by it.' • ?
f Gen. iii. 19. King James's translation never having been enforced by authority, the following commencement of
this verse has been preferred : ' In the anxiety of thy countenance shalt thou eat bread,'—
X Gen. vi. 3. ' Then-said Jehovah ; Shall-not continue
* My-breath in-man for-a-long-time,' §&

.,„¦ EVENSONG. PAGES.
MATTINS. PAGES. ^ __
Quinquagesima  Gen. 9-to^. 20 <*»•
r. ,„ , 'I-nt- __19.to.er.30 — -22 *v. 14.
First Sunday   _. 27 3  — 34 n' 325*
2 - '   _ 39  - ^ S
3 - J   _ 43  - 45 §
4 ~  Exod _ 3 tv.6. Exod. - 5 *v.9. S
3 — "• "  1 __ 9 §yv.l5.16  10 n.293. g
l thelxX read tlLrb, which gives a sense better suited to the sequel of the verse. The **» ?— «¦«¦ |
had continued many hundred years in each of the patriarchs recounted mch.v. ,_
* Gen xl 14. 'No part of the Bible (perhaps) is so absurdly translated as this is at present.' D, Kennicott, g
r i tt i. t>„ » „ kii hp rpnHprs • ' On the mount Jehovah will provide.
J^Iwould have only be„l.,,.e.d^^^ g
.1 f p.'d!!.; ^d ,bou „,„™..t have b»c,« oil fr.rn.he earto b« indeed fa to toe I eo.t^ed
« thee, to show thee my power.' Bp. Newton.

s

Easter-Day 7. ..
Sundays after Easter.
The first 2 3 4 5
Sunday after Ascension Day
Whitsunday .... ..
Trinity Sunday ..
Sundays after Trinity.
Tke first ...

MATTINS.
Exod. —

Num.

12

PAGES.

EVENSONG.
Exod. —

14

— 16
 23. 24*
Deut. — 4
 _ 8
 — 12
 16. to ver. 18
Gen,. — 1

Num. —

381.

PAGES.

tv.8.

9

Deut. —
X-v. 25.  —

See Septu.

Isaiak —
Gen. —

25 5 7
— 9 §vv.4.16.sq.
— 13 11
18

54. || v. 2.

Josk. — 10 Svv.6.13. Josh. — 23

o3
9t

'* See the preceding metrical translations, f Num.xxv.8. — 'and the woman, in the bedchamber: so the plague' —
X Deut. vi. 25. 'Even-acquittal it-shall-be to-us.'*— Soix. 4. sq. See preceding Interpretations, passim.
§ Deut. ix. 16, sq. ' Ye-had-been-idolatrous against-J^hovah." See n. on Lam. iv. 6. p. 298.
|| Gen.xviii.2. Samaritan and LXX. 'and-he-bowed-himself.' Jerusalem : 'and-they-bowed-themselves.' 19. Read-:
¦' to-practise acquittal even-written-law.' 20. n. 293. 23, end. ' Whether-also wilt-tkou-destooy aequitted-persons
together-with idolaters ?'
% Josh.x. 6. The hiphil of $W> denoting to deliver, is explained by the immediately subsequent verb, to help.
"¦ - ver. 13J The book of Jasher, the book of songs or sentences divided as with a saw ; from the verb defective
Phe Nun.

Sundays after Trinity. mattins. pages. evensong. pages.
The second  Judges — 4 *21. Judges — +5 397.
3  ISam. — 2 Jvv.l— 10. 1 Sam. — , 3
k35.
4   12 |Jvv.7.10.11.  ¦ 13
5  ••  15  17 Jr. 12. g
* Judges iv. 21. The observation, p. 360. on the deceit and supplantation in Gen. xxvii. 28. is applicable to the S
treachery and cruelty recorded in this verse, and further celebrated, ch. v. 26. sq. In v. 4. read, ' dispensed written §
« law [Deborah] to Israel.' In v. 17. the word, often denoting prosperity, the public translators rightly, ' peace.'
All was well between -the parties. Thus 2 K. ix. 17, 18, 19. 22.: ' Is all well?' 3
f Judges v. See preceding metrical translations. X * Sam. ii. 1 — 10. See preceding metrical translations. **
§ 1 Sam. ii. 35.  ' even-he- shall-continue-to-walk before-me SO
' As-mine-anointed during-all the-days.' The limited sense of the concluding phrase, which also **
occurs i. 28., is shown by the like limited sense of the other phrase 'for ever,' with which i. 22. concludes. See n. **
on Jer. xxxi. 36. p. 252. < w
|| ISam. xii. 7. See pp. 81. 144. for the meaning of the word in this v. commonly translated ' righteousness :' also 2
Judges v. 11., Dan. ix. 16., and Micah vi. 5., in all which, and in other places, it should be rendered • deliverance.' jj
 10. ' We have been idolatrous.' Usually, *• We have sinned.* See n. on Lam. iv. <3. and n. on Deut. ix. 16. above. *°
Literally, 'Baalim' and ' Ashtaroth' denote 'great men' and 'money ;' the latter stamped with the figure of a sheep.
 11. For « Jerubbaal and Bedan,' read 'Gideon and Barak,' and for ' Samuel,' 'Samson*.' Dr. Kennicott,
above, 89. 527. it*
f 1 Sam. xvii. 12. For « went among men,' read * got into infirmities.* Secker and Parkharst. *•*

Sundays

after Trinity.

MATTINS.

PAGES.

EVENSONG.

PAGES.

#»

2 Sam. —

12

*V.31.

2 Sam. —

19 +14,20,29.

to

7

gi
4:19.
§v. 34.
24
• • • • * •
1 Kings —
13
1 Kings —
17 ||v.24.
9
18
19
* > • » • <
lwl Um
21
510.21.
22 **w. 16. 21:
H
go.
o
a en
* 2 Sam. xii. 31. ' And the people which were therein he brought forth, and appointed them to make saws, and ^
« iron harrows, and to make ax-heads in iron ; and transferred them over to work in brick-kilns.' See Sermon on §
Fast, 1808. S
f 2 Sam. xix. 14. Engl. 13. See n. on 1 Sam. ii. 35. above.
.  20. Engl. 19. pj> Punishment, not ' iniquity." O
 29. Engl. 28. Acquittal, or defence ; not ' right.'
± 2 Sam. xxi. 19. Correct from 1 Chron. xx. 5. ' Then slew Elhanan, the son of Jaor, Lahmi the brother of Go- d55
liath of Gath.' Dr. Kennicott, p. 79. «
§ 1 Kings xiii. 34. ' And this thing was the calamity of the house of Jeroboam'— See n. on Lam. iv. 6. p. 293. %
|| 1 K. xvii. 24. ' The word of Jehovah in thy mouth is the faidrful promise.'
f 1 Kings xxi. 10. ' Thou-hast-blessed God even-Moloch.' Mr. P.
— — 21. See note on Isaiah xxxiv. 3. p. 85.
** 1 K. xxii. 16. See n. on xvii. 24.
 21. See n. § 244. and Mr. P.
Sundays after Trinity.

12

*

13

, .

14

.
15
•
16
•
17
,
18
• «
19
* 2 Kings v
18. Dr.
Whitby
's, Mr. E
MATTINS.
2 Kings —
2 Kings
Jerem.
Ezek.
Dan. —
5
10 19 5
35 2
14
20 3
pages. *18.
§vv.21— 28.
211.
243. 299.
310.319.
EVENSONG.
2 Kings —
PAGES.
+8. li. i
J v. 27.
2 Kings —
Jerem. —
Ezek.
Dan. —
9
18
23
22 236.
36 13 18
24 6
307.318.
329.
, Brown's, and in some editions of the Bible the marginal interpretation of this
verse cannot be admitted. The participles are indeed of all tenses : but, the common rendering is the most natural.
Naaman might have bowed himself in the house of Rimmon as any one may bow himself in the church of Rome,
wherever the law of the land so directs. The case was very different from that of a whole people departing to ido
latry after having been better taught.
X 2 K. ix. 8. 85. 92.
 11. 245.
— 22. ' Idolatries of thy mother Jezebel.' See notes on Ezek. vi. 9., xvi. 15.
X 2 Kings xviii. 27. See Interpretation of Isaiah xxxvi. 12.
§ 2 Kings xix. 21 — 28. See Is. xxxvii. 22 — 29. in Introd. xviii. xix; and p. 360. In v. 3. is "a comparison between
the distress of a siege and the distress of child-bearing. The relief in both cases was the same.
tr*m
m
mO
58u>
?a
ps
o1}
wPS
*1
©PS
d2! >
Sundays after Trinity.
The twentieth 21 22 23 24 25 26

MATTINS.

PAGES.

EVENSONG.

PAGES.

*»

Joel 

2

n. 273:

Micak

—

6

81. 144

^¦^*»

Habak. —

2

389.

Prov.

—

1

Prov. —
2
— —
—
3
11
13
—
12
14
___
en
15 17
1619
25CO
§
Hfa••Jo en c! aso
>
LESSONS PROPER FOR HOLYDAYS.

St. Andrew . . . .
St. Tkomas tke Apostle
Nativity of Ckrist
St. Stephen
St. Jokn
Innocents Day
Circumcision Epipkany Wednesday before Easter
Thursday before Easter
Good Friday
Easter Even. . .
Monday in Easter Week
Tuesday in Easter Week
Ascension Day .
Monday in Whitsun Week

MATTINS. PAGES.
Prov. — 20
 — 23
Isaiak 9. to ver. 8 47. 370
Prov. — 28
Eccles. — 5
Jer. 31. to ver. 18 246.
Gen. — 17 n.265.
fsaiak — 60 180.
Hosea — 13 166.
Dan. — 9 351.
Gen. 22. to v. 20 *14.
Zee. — 9
Exod. — 16
- — r— — 20 »n. 216.
Deut. — 10
Gen. 11. to v. 10
* See First Sunday in Lent.

EVENSONG. PAGES.
Prov. — 21

— 24

Is.7.t>.

10.toi>.17

40. 366

Uim ©>

Eccles.

— 4

2!
— 6
10. v. 12
>tt
S?ttBPS
Deut.
Isaiah
— 49
136.
•4
Hosea
— 14
172.
O9
Jerem.
— 31
246.
3
Isaiak
— 53
151.
•< a>
•<
Exod.
— 13
— 17
IB
 32
•
2 Kings
— 2
n. 342.
Num.11
.v. 16. tor.
30
1— •
Tuesday in Wkitsun Week
St. Jokn Baptist
St. Michael . .
St. Luke
St. Simon and St. Jude.

MATTINS. PAGES.
1 Sam. 19. v. 18
Malacki — 3
Gen. — 32 n. 383.

Job

24. 25

EVENSONG

PAGES.

#»

Deut.

—

30

q>

Malacki



4

Dan.

10.

v. 5

Job



1

f

42
w
GOen
O
2!ui*T)
S3O?a
M53*3O
PS
a
o
o
INDEX OF TEXTS

RFFERRED TO, AND OCCASIONALLY ILLUSTRATED,

Genesis.

Page.

Genesis.

Page.

i.

2,26

*n. 408

xlvi.

2

n. 299

iii.

19

n. 408

xlviii.

15

n. 19

vi.

3

n. 408

15—20

40

xiii.

13

n. 293

16

n. 17

xvi.

11

'367

xlix.

1 n. 338, 349

xvii.

17

n. 265

9

n. 384

xviii.

2, 19, 23

n.410

Exodus.

11
371
i.
16
n. 292
20
n. 293
iii.
6
n. 409
xix,
15
n. 272
v.
9
31
53
vii.
19
n. 292
xxii.
14
n. 409
ix.
15, 16
n. 409
XIV.
25
n. 385
27
n. 300
xxvii.
29
n. 384
X.
17
n. 293
36
n. 383
XX.
7,16
n. 218
xxviii.
18
n. 19
Lev
TICUS.
xxix.
27
n. 357
xviii.
6 n.
315, n. 325
xxxi.
35
52,53
xxv.
8
n. 357
xxxii.
29
n. 383
xxvi.
41, 43
n. 292
xxxiv.
2
n. 325
Numbers.
31
n. 313
xxi.
27—30-
263
xxxviii.
15
n. 313
xxiii.
7—10
381
xli.
38 n.
306, n. 349,
18—21'
382
n. 383
j xxiv.
2
n. 306
* n
not*.
c
1 H
418

INDEX.

Numbers. Page.
xxiv. 3—9 383
14 n. 338, 349
15—24 384, 385
24 53
xxv. 2 166
8 n. 410
xxxi. 8 n. 383
IDeuteronomy.
iv. 30 n. 338
vi. 25 n. 318, n. 410
ix. 4,16 n. 410
xii. 21 n. 373
xxiv. 1 n. 324
xxviii. 15 n. 364
49 72
xxxii. 30 78
42, xxxiii. 27 n. 12
xxxiii. 6 n. 7
Joshua.
x. 6, 13 n. 410
xiii. 13 n. 17
xix. 47 n. 15
xxiii. 14 53
Judges.
iv. 21 n. 411
v. 2 n. 21, 397—400
11 n. 353, 375,
n. 411
vi. 34 n. 378
vii. 22 48, 55
xii. 1—6 n. 19
2 n. 270
xiii. 6 n. 388
xviii. . 1 n.lo
1 Samuel.
;. 22,28 n. 411

1 Sa

MUEL.

Page.

ii.

10

379,401,402

35

n. 411

iv.

11

n. 22
xi.
11, xiv
.31
n.21
xii.
7—11
n. 353, 375,
n.411
xvii.
12
n. 411
xxviii.
10
n. 292
2Sa
MULL.
i.
19,25n.377
n. 396,
403
iii.
33,34
405
xii.
31
n. 412
xix.
14, 20,
29
xxi.
19
xxii.
1, 6, a xiii. 1
n. 96
1 Kings.
xiii.
34
n. 412
xiv.
10, xxi.
21 n
. 85, 92
xvii.
24
n. 412
xxi.
10, 21
xxii.
3, 6, 15
n. 250
16, 21
n. 412
22, 23
n, 244
2 Kings.
ii.
21,22
n. 342
v.
18
n. 413
vii.
9
n. 292
viii.
10
123
ix.
8 n. 85, 92,
n. 413
11
n. 245
12 n.
244,
n. 253
22
n. 413
xi.
8
n. 287
xvi.
7
41
10
44
index;

419

S Kn

IGS.

Page.

Psalms.

Page.

Xvii.

9—13

28

xlviii.

15

153

Xviii.

27

n. 413

xlix.

15

n. 96

34
92
li.
4
n. 300
xix.
21—28
n. 413
9
n. 293
xxi.
4,5,7
216
lv.
23
231
xxii.
20
165
lix.
6, 14
146
Xxiii.
29
41
lx.
11
n. 282
xxiv.
2
n. 279
Ixii.
5
n. 249
1 Chronicles.
lxiii.
12
n.
216, n. 233
XX.
5
n. 412
lxviii.
12
n. 21, 42
2 Chronicles.
lxix.
23—
29
n. 222
xxvi.
16
28
Ixxi.
4
n.
244, n. 249
Psai
.MS.
lxxiv.
14
145"
i.
1
83
Ixxvi.
4
n. 394
vi.
5
'97
lxxviii.
60-
-69
n.22
viii.
4 n.
342, n. 350
66
n. 251
xi,
8
n. 280
lxxix.
1—3
n. 233
xii.
2
n. 282
6, 7
221
xviii.
1
n. 96
lxxx.
2
n. 21
4
95
3,4
,7,
14, 19 372
xix.
6, 7
n. 355
lxxxvi.
5
n. 247
xxiv.
4
n. 282
lxxxix.
3, 30, 35 n. 25.5
xxvi.
4
n. 282
46
n. 282
xxxi.
7 *
n. 282
xcv.
4
n.382
15 n.
258, n. 268,
ci.
6
n. 24S
n.
286, n. 321
, 378, n. 396
10
n. 2SS
xxxiii.
16 n
244, n. 253
ciii.
11
161
xxxiv.
18
377, 378
cvi.
1
n. 254
Xxxv.
1
n. 270
'36,
37
n. 324
4—12
n. 222
S3
n. 303
xxxix.
12
103
cvii.
1
n. 254
, xli.
6
n. 282
cviii.
12
n. 282
xliv.
23
n. 251
cix.
5,
18
n. 222
xiv.
S
n. 222
cxiv.
4,
6
376, n. 394
xlviii.
2
43, n. 297
cxvi.
3
95
6
n. 331
5
206
,n;223,n.280
420

INDEX.

Psalms. Page.
cxviii. 1—4, 29 n.254
cxix. 7, 62, 106 174
37 n. 282
75, 137 n. 280
cjcxi. 4 n. 251
cxxix. 4 n. 280
cxxxii. 2 n. 19
1 1 n. 255
13, 15 171
cxxxv. 7 220
cxxxvi. 1 — 21 n. 254
19, 20 171
cxxxvii. 6 91
7 n. 296
exxxix. 1, 17 125
20 n. 282
pxli. 5 n. 280
7 n. 96
cxliii. 4 377, 378
cxliv.* 8,11 n. 282
cxlv. 17 n. 223
Proverbs.
ii. 13 53
Isaiah.
ii. 2 n. 247, n. 263
n. 338, 349, 379
7, 8 ' 362
iii. 25 n. xx
v. 2 * n. 13
13 204, 212
26 n. 388
viii. 1 n- 261
3 n. 369
6 n. 182, n. 268,
n. 297, n. 342
12 n. 221

Isaiah.
ix. 5
x. 1, 2
329
34
xi. 9 15
xii. 13

Page.
n. 394
n. 234
n. 388
n. 248
n. 238
n. 197
n. 243
205

xiii. 10 n. 275, n. 334
10, 13 363
19 n. 271
xv. 3, 4, 5, 8 n. 259
xvi. 6, 12, 14 n. 259,
n. 261
8, 9 n. 262
xxi. 2 n. 389
xxii. 11 360, n. 388
xxiii. 3 205
15— 17 n. 303, n. 361
17, 18 n. 314
xxiv. 5 n. 253, n. 269,
n. 317, 376, n. 394
17* 18 n. 263
23 * n. 275, n. 334, 363
xxv. 8 n. 271, n. 297
11 n. 280
xxvi. 4 171, n. 192, 242
n. 394
xxviii. 1 n. 297
xxix. 1 n. IS
xxx. 26 n. 275, n. 334
27 360, n. 370,
n. 373, 378, n. 388
S3 n. 218
xxxi. 9 ^xi. 218

INDEX.

421

• Isaiah.

Page.

Isaiah.

Page.

xxxii.

14 43, n

182,

n. 297

Ivii.

15

n. 192, 242

16, 17

n. 280

16
n. 195, n. 196
xxxiv.
6
6, 7
188
n. 258
Iviii.
14
n. 339, n. 396,
n. 403
xxxv.
10
n. 269
lix.
1
n. 250
xxxvii.
26 n.
259,
n. 373,
16
188
n. 388
lx.
13
n. 231
36
n. 374
15
43, n. 297
xxxviii.
1
233,
n. 399
16
n. 19, n. 199
10
n. 265
Ixii.
4
n. 268
18
375
5 43, n. 182, n. 297
xl.
2
n.293
Ixiii.
2, 3
n. 280
3
n. 249
lxiv.
8
170, 242
31
n. 268
Ixv.
14
171
xli.
15 n.
394,
n. 395
17
n. 275, n. 354
3, n. 182, n. 297
xliii.
1
345
IS 4
14
204, 212
lxvi.
2 17 U n. 195, n. 196
xliv.
1, 2
245 '
10
n. 182
13
n. 270
20
n. 197
*lv.
17
170, 242 -.
JsREMIAH.
xlvi.
11
n. 259, 360,
i.
10
2J2
n
. 373j
n.388
ii.
25
n. 232
xlviii.
22
173
iii.
1
212, n. 361
xlix.
26
n. 19
1,9 226, 241, n. 244,
li.
5
n. 2f0
n. 323
6, 8
1
70,242
11
n. 316
Iii.
4
a. 17,
n. 297
15 n
. 240, 243, n. 251-
liii.
6, 12
n.293
16
n. 257, n. 310
9
n.262
iv.
1
n. 2.53
liv.
17
n. 280
2
230, n. 210
Iv.
1
n.343
7
n. 259
lvi.
1
173
It
214, 217, n. 237,
Ivii.
3—10
n. 281
213, n. 28S
4 n
. 176,
n. 312
15
218, n. 272,
9
n. 327
n. 2S3
10
205,
n. 232
27
213
4:2^.

INDEX.

Jeremiah. Page.
T. 1 n. 257, n. 258,
n.288
2 230, n. 233
7,8 226, 241, n. 244,
n. 328
10 214
31 n. 215, n. 233,
240, 'n. 241
vi. 3 224, n. 240
6, 7 n. 234, n. 303,
n. 304
8 217, n.237, 243,
n.288
13 218
25 n. 258, n. 268,
n.286, n. 321, 378, n. 396
¦vii. 4 n. 282
4, 9 n. 233
8, 9 n. 211
18,19 253,257
28 211, n.288
29 214, n. 237
81 n. 257, n. 310
viii. 10 n. 215
15 228
16 209
22 n. 246, n. 258
ix. 2 n. 328
9 212
10, 12 n. 259
26 85
x. 19 n. 246
21 n, 240, 243
£4 n. 245
xi. 9 44
20 233, n. 235

Jer

3MIAH.

Page.

xi

22

n. 224

xii.

5

n. 267

9,14*
n.,240
xiii.
27 241
,n.244
,n.328
xiv.
8
n. 269
11
244
14 n. 233,
n. 241,
n. 244
XV.
3
238
4
n. 329
9
n.401
11
n. 227
17
246
18
n. 246
xvi.
14
n. 240
19
n.251
xvii.
4
n 229
13
n.269
xviii.
21
n. 336
XX.
4, 10
a. 258,
n. 268,
n. 286,
n. 321
n. 596<
6 n. 227, n. 241, 252
xxii.
3
n. 240,
n. 253
20
n. 268
xxiii.
1 243
,11.26*
,n.335
4
n. 254
7
230
10, 14
n.244
, n. 328
13
n. 227
19
n.246
20 n.
338, 349, 373
xxiv.
5,6
n. 227
9
n. 329
XXV.
15
n.296
16
n.258
26
n.271
, n. 338
INDEX.

423

Jeremiah. Page.
xxv. 29—33 n. 272
34—36 n. 240
xxvii. 8, 13 n. 252
10 252
12 n. 288
xxix. 9, 21, 23, SI n. 227
9, 21 n. 241
11 n. 249
23 226, 241, n. 328
32 n. 252
xxx. 8, 9 n. 367
9 n. 2S5
10, 11 259
1 1 n. 266
17 n. 258
23 241
xxxi. 3 n. 252, n. 253
4 246
17 n. 244
29 n. 318
36 n. 243, n. 253,
n. 255, n. 332
xxxii. 39 n. 243, n. 252,
n. 255
40 n. 269, n. 317,
n. 373, 376, n. 394
xxxiii. 1 n. 243
6 n. 246, n. 258
17—26 n. 335, n. 338
18 n. 252, n. 253
xxxiv. 17 n. 252
xxxv. 19 n. 252
xxxvii. 5 n. 295
14 n. 244
16 n. xv
xxxviii. 17 n. 288, n. 309

Jeremiah. Page.
xl. 16 n. 253
xliii. 2 n. 253
10 n. 260
xliv. 21 n. 310
xlvi. S n. 268, n. 286,
n. 321, 378, n. 393
10 376
11 n. 246
27 360, n. 373, n. 388
28 n. 266
xlviii. 2 n. 264
26 n. 322
29—34 372
35 n. 320, n. 336
40,41 n.268, n.280
47 n. 338, 349
xlix. 2 n. 259
13 n. 253, n. 269,
n. 317,n.373, 376, n. 394
17, 32 n. 269
18,33 n.2S9,n. 382
19,20 271, n. 378
22 n.263, n. 280
29 n. 258, n. 286,
n. 321, 378, n. 396
39 n. 263, n. 338,
349, 379'
I. 5 n. 253, n. 273,
n. 373, 376, n. 394
21 n. 272
26 n. 273
40 n. 267, n. 272,
n. 299, n. '.• 72, n. 382
44—46 n.267,n.378

li.

n. 271
v. 282, n, 293

424

INDEX.

Jl REM I AH. Page.
If. 10 29, 56
11 n. 270, n. 331
18 n. 334
20 n. 270, n. 305
26,62 n.253,n.269,
n. 317, n. 394
SO - n. 271
36 n. 270
41 n. 338
50 n.257, n. 259,
n.310,360,n. 388
62 n. 373
Iii. 4 n. 300
Lamentations^
i. 8 n. 293
10 n. 285
15 188, n. 286
18 n. 282
ii. 6 n. 391
14 n. 272, n. 293,
' n. 308
15 43
15, 19 n. 297
16, 22 n. 279
22 n. 258, n. 268,
n. 321, 378, n. 396
iii. 39n.278,n.293,n.294 46 n. 279
49 n. 283
iv. 5 n. 402
6 n. 282, n. 294,
n. 297, n. 311, n. 316,
n- 355, n. 410
6,13,22n.272,n.278,
n. 290, n. 311, n. .',29,
n. 332, n. 333, it. 335

Lamentations. Page.
iv. 10 n. 309
21,22 n. 281, n. 352,
n. 354, n. 392
v. 7 n. 272, n. 290,
n.293
7, 16 n. 278
16 n. 293, n. 294
18 n. 307
20 n. 271, n. 373
EzEKIEL.
i. 4, 12, 20 n. 300
19, 21 n.301
ii. 2 n. 306
iii. 12, 14 n. 301
14 n. 300
18 n. 338
iv. 4, 5, 6, 17 n. 282,
n. 293, n. 318
17 n. 330
vi. 9 n. 320
vii. 10 n. 305, 378
13, 16, 19 n. 293,
n. 318
19 n. 311, n. 319,
n. 341
viii. S n. 300, n. 306
x. 2 n. 306
xi. 5, 24 n. 308
xii. 24 n. 307
xiii. 2,3 n. 311
4 n. 297
9, 10 n. 282
xiv. 3 n. 319, n. 320
/ 3,4,7 n. 304, n. 31 9,
n. 341
3, 4, 7, 10 n. 318

INDEX.

425

Ezekiel.

Page. '

Ezek

EL.

Page.

xiv.

10

n. 272, n. 292,

xxiii.

21, 27,

29,

35, 44,

n. 293, n. 335

418,49 n.314,
n. 317,
XV.
8
n. 311
n. 324
xvi.
15
n. 326
35
n. 325
20,
21 n. 328
49 n.
293,
n. 311,
21
n. 320, n. 347
n 316
27
n. 317, n. 324,
n. 325, n. 330
xxiv.
13 n.
314,
n. 317,
n. 324
36,
37 n. 324
xxvi.
20
360
36,
38 n. 324, n. 328,
xxviL
11
379
n. 329, n. 330, n. 335
xxviii.
16 n.
293,
n. 311,
37,
39 n. 327, 376
n. 316
43
n. 314, n. 317,
n. 324, n. 325
xxxii.
7, 8
27
363
n. 293
51
n. 311
xxxiii.
6
n. 335
58
n. 314, n. 324,
20
53
n. 325
25 n
.315,
n. 324
xvii.
22
n. 317
xxxiv.
2
378
Xviii.
2
378
xxxvi.
2
378
30
n. 304, n. 341
19
n. 335
31
377, 378
xxxvii.
1—14
n. 358
XX.
1, 3, 31 n. 311
xxxviii.
2,23
n.334
, n. 383
4
n. 324
8, 16
349, 379
26
n. 313, n. 347
12 n
377,
n. 396,
30
53
n. 403
xxi.
12
n. 268, n. 286,
19,20
n.334
378, n. 396
xx xix.
23
n. 293
14,
17 n. 325
xl.
1
n. 299
31
n. 326
xliv.
10, 12
n.293
xxii.
2
n. 315, n. 319,
xlvii.
1—12
361
n. 335
xlviii.
14
n. 313
9,11 n. 314, n. 317,
Daniel.
m. 330
ii.
28
n. 338
31
n. 324
iv.
8,18
n.306
, n. 383
xxiii.
10
n. 315, 376
v.
11
n. 306
10,
14 n. 328
vii.
13
n. 300
3i
425

INDEX.

Daniel. Page.
viii. 17 n. 342, n. 382
ix, 16 375, n. 411
21 n.342, n. 382
25, 26 n. 371
X. 5,11,16,18,19 n.342
14 n. 338
Hosea. 2 166
v. 12 166
x. 7 n. 245
x. 8 n. 262
13 53
jiii. 2 166
12 n. 293
14 95
xiv. 2 172
Joel.
i. 4 n. 273
ii. 10 n. 275, n.334, 363
20 361
25 n. 273
iii. 15,16 n. 275, n. 334, 363
Amos.
i. 11 70, 170, n. 336
12 188
iv. 6—11 35
10 52, 53
13 n. 176, n. 339,
n. 396, n. 403
v. 3 n.xx,n.lQ3,n.246
vi. 5 n. 96
viii. 9 n. 275, n. 334, 363
14 53
Obabiah. 3—9 n. 266

Obadiah. Page.
10—12 n. 296
19 n. 385
Jonah.
ii. 6 361
Micah,
i. 3 n. 176, n. 339,
n. 396, n. 403
v. 1—4 369
S 368
vi. 5 81, 144, n. 353,
n. 411
9 n. 257, n. 282
Nahum.
ii. 4 n. 258
Habakuk.
i. 2—4 378
5 74
8 360, n. 373, 378
ii. 15 n. 315, n. 327, 379
17 n. 336, 378
iii. 6 370, 374
6, 10 376
16 n. 321, 378
19 n. 336, n. 339,
n. 377, n. 403
Zechariah.
iii. 4 n. 293
xiii. 6 139
Malachi.
ii. 16 n. 393
iv. 2 n. 269
Matthew. ---*
i. 22, 23 n. 248
ii. 6, 16, 18 n. 248
18 103
iii. 3 99

INDEX.

A27

Matthew.

Page.

Luke.

Page.

viii. 17

n. 152

iii. 4

99

xii. 16, 18

112

John.

xiii. 35

84, n. 98

i. 23

100

xxiv. 19

n. 309

Acts.

29 n.275,

n.334, 363

ii. 23

155

Mark.

1 Corinthians.

i. 3
99
xiv. 21
72
3 12
INDEX OF PERSONS.

I. Invocation.
Aben Esra, 69
Ahaz, 28, 37, 38, 39, 41, 44,
88, 90, 98, n. 366
Antiochus Epiphanes, n. 388
Aquila, 27, n. 241
Asaph Isaiah, n. 98
Jeremiah, 221
Asaphs, 98
Augustin, 368
Azariah, v, 22, 24
Balaam, 381—385 '
Barak, n. 21, 398, 399
Barchochab, n. 384
Benjamin, n. 21
Benjoin, n. 361
Benson, n. 366, n. 367
Blayney, I. v, P. xvi, xxii,
n. xv, n. xviii, n. xix,
30, 41, 65, 66, 82,85, 87,
99,103, 112, 114,117, 139,
145,146,153,154,109,203,
n. 205, 208, 209, 218, 220,
224, 232, n. 234, n. 235,
236, 241, n. 244, n. 246,
n. 248, n. 249, n. 250, n. 252,
n. 255, n. 256, n. 259, n. 2G0,
n. 262, 263, n. 2*5, n. 266,
n.267, n.269— n.272,n. 274,
n. 275, n. 27S, n. 279, n. 2ii2,

P. Preface.
n. 285, n. 286,,n. 288, n. 290,
n. 295, n. 296, n. 310, n. 356,
363, 364, 365, n. 378
Bochart, 87
Bos, 209
Bryant, n. 13
Bunyan, n. 255
Butler, 81, 144
Bythner, 24, 145
Calvin, P. xiv, n. xv, xx
Cappellus, I. v, n. 326, n. 333,
n. 358
Chandler, 367
Collins, 368
Cyrus, 56, 110, 125, 126, 149,
n. 280
Damasus, I. vi, n. 313, n. 346
Daniel, n. 342
Dathe, n. 334
David, n. 21
David Hezekiah, n. 96
one of his family, 98,
160, n. 335
Deborah, 397—400
De Rossi, 117
Dimock, n. 331
Dodson, P. xvi, vi, xvi, 27, 30,
34,52,56,58,63,66,67,70,
72, 79, &2, S3, 84, 88, 89,

INDEX OF PERSONS.

429

92,93, 101,104, 105, 110,
115,119,123,126,14.5,170,
172, 188, n. 191, n. 195,
n. 202, 361, 368
Eckermann, 103, n. 248
Elisha, 92
Ephraim, 39, 40, 173, 246,
n. 247 •
Esau, 385
Euripides, n. vi
Faustus, 368
Filkes, P. n. xxii
Geddes, n. 13, n. 21, n. 22,
n. 252, n. 350
Gideon, n. 21
Green, I. v, n. 387
Griesbach, 84, n. 93, n. 98
Grotius, P. xiv, n. 344, n. 357,
n. 392
Habakuk, 387—396
Hammond, 84
Hare, I. v, 23
Harmer, 364
Heberden, n. 55
Hezekiah, 55, 59, 74, 80, 82,
83, 88, 90, 94, 96, 97, 98,
99, 110, 154, n. 366, 373
Hody, n. 344
Horsley, 61, 95, 96, 97, 105,
106, n. 113, 123, n. 128,
139, 166, n. 169, 172, 206,
n. 256, n. 259, n. 261,
n. 262, n. 267, n. 270,
n. 287, n.293, n. 361, 372,
n. 378, n. 393
Hosea, 39, n. 256
Houbigant, 41, 73, n. 326,

n. 331, n. 334, n. 335,n.340,
n. 349
Huddesford, P. n. xxi
Jacob, 1—23, 25, 111, 112,
118, 376
Jael, 397
James, Kg. I. vi
Jehoahaz, n. 319
Jehoiachin, 277, n. 308, n. 323
Jehoiakim, 225, 231, 237
Jeremiah, n. 339
Jerome, P. xiv, xx, xxi, 84,
n. 248, n. 255, n. 280, n. 313,
n.344, 346
Jepluha, n. 21
Immanuel, 40, 42, 46, 367,
368
Job, n. 311
Jonathan, n. 21
Jortin, I. n. v, n. 252, n. 268,
n. 271, n. 332, n. 345
Joshua, n. 21
Josiah, 165, n. 204
Jotham, 30, 37, 38
Isaac, 2—5, 23
Isaiah, v, viii — xx, n. 339,
n. 370 Asaph 84, 97
Israel, 111, 113,118,368,376
Jubb, 28, 40, h. 262
Judah, 11
Kennicott, 58, 67, 89, 93, 1 ] 7,
123, 205, n. 229, n. 230,
n. 271, n. 274, n. 275,360,
361, n. 364, n. 377
Kidder, 103
Kimchi, 55

430

Index of nsKsums*

Le Clerc, 110, n. 223
Lowth, I. v, P. vii, xvi, xxi,
v — xx, n. 2, n. 6, n. 13,
22, 29, 32, 36, 37, 39, 43,
46, 48, 52, 54, 56—59, 62,
66, 68, 70, 71, 72, 74, 77,
78, 81, 84, 85, 86, 89, 92,
93, n. 94, 106, 111, 116,
119, 121, 130, 132, 141,
144, 149, 153, 154, 161,
166, 173, n. 176, 182, 194,
n. 196, 197, n. 200, 232,
n. 262, 263, n. 278, n. 281,
n. 284, n. 287, n. 290, 361,
367, 368, n. 383
Luther, P. xiv
Mahershalalhashbaz, 41, 42,
46, 368
Marsh, 84, n. 93, 98, 103,
n. 249, 368
Messiah, n. 2S0, n. 357
Micah, n. 370
Michaelis, ix, n. 15, 36, 46,
69,84, 89, 103, n. 152, 359,
368, n. 394, n. 400
Moses, 23
Nebuchadnezzar, S9, 41, 49,
54, 55, 65, 67, 78, 80, 85,
88, 99, 115, 118, n. 164,
208, 210, 225, n. 229, n. 237,
n. 258, n. 259,n. 260, n. 263,
n. 267, n. 268, n. 273, 277,
n. 289, n. 303, n. 305, n. 318,
n. 322, n. 387, n. 389—393,
396
Newcome, I. v, P. n. xv,
xvi, n. xx, 28, 29, 35,

52, 53, n. 85, n. 96, 104,
117, 139, 144, 160, n. 183,
n. 242, n. 245, n. 255, n. 262,-
n. 273, n. 299, n. 300, n. 301,
T). 305i n. 306, n* 311, n. 312,
n. 317, n. 319, n. 320, n<324,
n. 32S, n. 333, n. 337, n. 339,
n; 340, n.341, n. 343, n. 344,
363, 364, n. 369, n. 377,
n. 394
Newton, Sir Isaac, 68, 86,
n.357
Newton, Bishop, n. 102, 373
Nicholls, 103
Origen, P. xiv, xx, 93, n. 102,
111, 154, n. 255, n. 280,
n. 344, n. 340
Parkhurst, P. xxi, xxiv,n. 185,
n. 192, n. 204, 208, n.218,
n. 219, n. 235, n. 237, 244,
n. 246, n. 250, n. 256,
n. 259, n. 262, n. 264,
n. 267, n. 269, n. 270,
n. 273, n. 274, n. 290, n. 292,
n. 300, n. 303, n. 305, n. 307,.
n. 309, n. 312, n. 321, n. 322,
n. 327, n. 329—331, n. 341,
n. 356, 364, 366, n. 370,
375, n. 378, n. 384, n. 385,
n. 388, n. 399
Pekah, 39, 43, 44, 47, 49,
144, n. 273, n. 324, n. 325,
361, n. 369
Peters, n. xii, 30, 72, 81,
n. 96, 144
Pharaoh, n. 295
Hophrah, n. 295

INDEX OP PERSONS.

431

Pharaoh Nechoh, 41, n, 258,
n. 259
Pindar, xvii
Porson, vi
Ptolemy, I. vi
Rabshakeh, 92
Randolph, 38, 119
Retsin, 39, 43, 44, 47, 49,
n. 273, 361
Sampson, n. 21
Saul, n. 21
Schroeder, 203
Secker, I. v, 35, 44, 66, 73, 83,
89,92, n. 96, 139, 157, 161,
n. 236, 243, n. 246, n. 275,
n. 302, n. 316, n. 331, n. 333,
n. 340
Sennacherib, xvi, xvii, 39, 43,
. 46,47, 51, 53, 54, 55, 58,
70, 74, 79, 82, 83, 84, 97,
99, 114, 115,118, 133, 169,
n. 248, n. 273, n. 374
jShalmeneser, 40, 46, 72, 73,
J164, 169, n. 269

Shearjashub, 41, 42, 367
Stock, vi, n. 13, 28, 107, 186
Sisera, 399, 400
Sykes, 103
Symmachus, 100, n. 241
Theodouon, ss7
Tiglath Pileser, 41, 46, 47
Virgil, n. 16
Vitringa, 116
Uzziah, 28, 30, 37, 38, 42,
59
Warburton, n. 103, n. 345
Watson, n. 366, 368
Wesley, P. xx
Wheeler, 81, 144
Wintle, P, xvi, 349, n. 356,
n. 388
Zedekiah, n. 277, n. 285, 286,
n. 289, n.290, n. 292, n. 295,
n. 307, n. 308, n. 321 , n. 320,
n. 392
Zerubbabel, 73, n. 317, n. 335,
n. 355, n. 357, 368, n. 369

INDEX OF THINGS.

Abbreviation of ba or bl) in
to b, n. xv, 30, 36, 40, 41,
49, 50, 51, 58, 60, 61, 62,
65,66,68,79,151,177,182, 194
Absolute integrity of the He
brew text disproved, 117
Accommodation, n. 248
Additions, Heb. text, 49, 61,
62, 63, 69, 76, 77, 104, 109,
122, 125, 129, 132, 133,
134, 155, 180, 191, 197,
209, 229, 249, 272, 319,
322, S30, 332, 333, 335,
355, 356, 397, 399
Adultery, metaphorically Ido
latry, 165, 206, 212, 219,
226, 241, 244
All the days, 1 Sam. i. 28,
ii. 35, 2 Sam. xix. 14, Jer.
xxxi. 36, xxxji. 39, xxxiii. 18,
xxxv. 19, n. 243, n. 252,
n. 253, n. 255
Allegory, denoting exalted per
sons, Is. ii. 13—16, 30.
xxxiv. 6. 7, S6
_ —  denoting Sennache
rib, Is. viii. 7, 43
 denoting restoration

from captivity, Is. xi. 1 — 10,
54, 56
Ezek. xxxiv. 12—16, n.335
Allegory, denoting captivity,
Jer. xlviii. 11, 260
— — — denoting idolatry,
Jer. ii. 20, iii. 1
Ezek. xvi. 15 sq. xxiii. n. 256,
312—317, 326—329
 denoting kingdoms,

Is. xiii. 10, xxiv. 23, xxx. 26,
xxxiv. 4, 85
Ixv. 17, 196
Jer. ii. 12
 denoting royalty,
Num. xxiv. 17, 384
 denoting chiefs, Jud.
v. 20, 399
 supposed, 344
Analysis metrical, 2 — 22
Anathoth, 222, 224
Answer to Daniel, 355 — 357
Anthropopathy, 251
Applications of O. T. 150 —

Aiabic version, 364
Arrangement of Jeremiah,
276 metrical, vii.

INDEX OF THINGS.

433

Arrows called birds of the bow,
n. 394
Asphaltite lake, see Dead Sea
Athbash, n. 271, n. 338
Babylon, n. 338
Bama, not always idolatrous,
correct, n. 262, 393
Beasts, Chaldeans, 164, 224
Behold ! translation altered
to a negative interrogation
in an affirmative sense, 89,
104, 177, 203
Bethaven, 166, 167
Blood, idolatrous dedication,
177, 173, 315, 324
Branch, 32, *33, 240
Canaan, its extent, n. 21
Captivity, Babylonian, Is. xl.
6—8, xlii. 21—23, xliii. 28,
xlvi. 1—2, 1. 1—11, li. 17
—20, liii. 1—12, Ixv. 1—7,
11—15, 103,104, 117, 121,
129, 142, 143, 146, 151 —
156, 193, 194, 195, 196
Chaldaism, n. 317, n. 335
Chaldee paraphrase, 2S, 92,
220, n. 281, n. 316, 364
Commandments, the third and
ninth believed to have been
originally prohibitions of
idolatry, n. 216, n. 238

Corrections, Heb. text by
MSS. 247, 331
 by conjecture, xv,
19, 28, 31, 33, 38, 43, 44,
46, 49, 50, 54, 57, 60, 62,
64, 65, 68, 70, 71, 75,76,
78, 79, 82, 86, 94, 96, 99,
104,106,110,113,114,115,120,121,124,125,126,131, 133,134,135,136,143,144,145,146, 148, 149, 150, 155,
157,158,164,168,169,172, 174,175,177,178,180,181,183,185,191,194,196,198,
200, 205, 210, 214, 219, 221,
222, 225, 226, 231, 234, 238,
239, 242, 249, 263, 264, 265,
266, 269, 272, 279, 290, 321,
323, 333, 334, 355, 391, 399
Covenant, Is. xxiv. 5, Jer.
xxxii. 40, n. 253, n. 269
Damascus, 43, 46, 47, n. 268
Dan, Cesarea Philippi, 209
Dead Sea, n. 341, n. 346
Death, Is. xxv. 8
Defeat of Pekah, Retsin, and
Sennacherib, Is. ix. 1 — 6, 48
 of Sennacherib, x. 12
—19, 25—27, xiv. 24—27,
xviii. 1 — 7, xxvi. 14 — 21,
xxix. 5, 6, xxx. 27—33,

* P. 33. Read, 2. ' In-that day sha!l-he
' A-branch very-great (n. 289.) for-ornament even-for-
' honor ;
' Even-fruit-of the-land for-prosperity, even-for-the-
1 beauty-of— 3 K

434

INDEX OF THINGS.

xxxi. 2 end — 5, 8, 9, xxxiii.
10—12, xlii. 10—13, 50,
51—53, 58, 59, 70, 71, 74,
79, 80, 83, 114, 115
Deliverance, 81, 159, 173, 192,
n. 269, n. 353, n. 398
Deliverances two, 81,. 144
Double, see Prophecy
Dress of the daughters of Sion,
31
Egypt, 52, 53, 92
Ellipsis, 40, 122, 142, 145,
190, 227, 240, 247, n. 356
. Elliptical metre, vii, xvii, n. xx,
28, 31,32,246, 278, 28S,297
.Engedi, 343
Even, Vau, and N. T. r.al, 32
Eunuch, 163
Euphrates, 43, 135, 169
.Faithful promise, 209, 211,
217, 219, 220, 242, 243,
257, 288, 350, 353, 413
Festival, P. xxv
Filthy rags, rejected, 192
Forest, the temple, Is. xxxii.
15, 19, 81, 82
For ever and for ever, 69, 127,
170, 242
Fountains of -salvation, 57
Future frequentative, 77, 3P9
 _ relative, 89, 203, n. 266,
n. 337, n. 394
Gladness, Is. xxxv. 5, 6, SO
Hand-writirg on the wall, 350
Harlot, idolatress, 165, 166,
168, 206, 210, 212
Heaven, kingdom of, n. 283

Hebraisms, n. 289, n, 342
Hebrew Scriptures, 93
Hellenistics and Hellenists,
34.5, n. 388
Hendiadys, n. 222
Holy one, n. ] 37
Homoeusian, Homousian, 347
Hostess, 65, 67, n. 302, n. 303,
n. 312—315, 326, 361
Iambics of Greek tragedies, vi
Jasher, the book of, 410
Idolatry and punishment, cor
rect, xv, 85, 99, 152, 153,
171, 192, 209, 272, 282,
292, 296, 300, 302, 303,
304, 316, 318, 322, 323,
329, 330, 336
Idols, 105, 108, 110, 111, 123,
129, 393
Jehovah, an idol, 218
Imprecations, n. 222, 233
Intensity, plural, 144, n. 289
Interpolations, believed, xv,
27, 28, 41, 49, 50, 51, 52,
57, 58, 59, 60,' 61, 62, 65,
66,68, 73, 76,83,94, 107,
108, 109, 110, 120, 122,
124, 128, 130, 131, 133,
141, 143, 149, 150, 156,
157, 158, 165, 177, ISO,
1S4, led, 1S7, 192, 194,
197, 199, 200, 201, 215,
225, 241, £57, 273, 287,
288, 295, 311, 'J,'j5, 356
Interpretation, literal, 28
 1 mystical, 29,
80, 103, 116, 150

INDEX OF THINGS.

435

Interpretations, new, 35, 39,
41, 42, 44—48, 56, 65—
71, 73, 75—81, 83, 84,
87, 92, 94, 97, 98, 99, 104—
113, 117, 125, 127, 129,
130, 137, 139, 143, 144,
147, 163, 164, 166, 175,
182, 205, 211, 214, 215,
216, 218, 219, 220, 222,
224—228, 237, 240, 241,
245, 246, 249, 250, 251,
267, 269, 270, 273, 287,
288, 290, 294, 297, 301,
303, 304, 308, 309, 312,
313, 314, 317, 320, 321,
323, 324, 325, 326, 332,
338, 339, 340, 341, 342,
350, 353, 355—357, 389
Invasion by Pekah and Retsin,
Is. i. 5, 7, 21 end, 22, 23,.
vii. 1—16, 27, 28, 38—41
¦ - by Sennacherib, viii.
5 — 22, xxix. 1 — 4«, xxxiii. 1,
3,4,7—9, xlii. 25, 43—47,
74, 82, 118
¦ by Shalmeneser, viii.

23, ix. 7 — x. 4, xxviii. 1 —
22, 46, 48—50, 72, 73
¦ by Nebuchadnezzar,

Is. i. 7 end, 8, 24, 25, 28—
30, ii. 10—21, iii. 1—9,
v. 1—30, vii. 17—25, x. 33,
' 34, xxii. 1—14, xxiv. 16 —
20, xxix. 14 — 17, xxx. 13 —
17, xxxii. 9 — 14, xlii. 14,
15, 24, Ivi. 8—12, lxvi. 15
—17, 24, 27, 28, 30, 31, 33 3

—37, 45, 46, 54, 65, 67,
75, 78, 80, 115, 117, 164,
165, 200, 201
Invasion of Tyre by Nebu
chadnezzar, xxiv. 1 — 15, 67
Jordan, n. 341
Kidron, n. 341, n. 342
Latter days, futurity, Gen.
xlix. 1, Num. xxiv. 14,
Deut. iv. 30, Is. ii. 2, Jer.
xxiii. 20, xxx. 24, xlviii. 47,
xlix. 39, Ezek. xxxviii. 16,
Dan. ii. 28, x. 14, Hos. iii. 5,
Mic. iv. 1, 241, 263, 349
Law, teaching, 44, 45, 47
Lebanon, the temple, 55,75, 88
 ¦ — the house of Jehoia
kim, 237—239
Locusts, n. 273
Long verses, viii — »xx. n. 278
Masora, Masoretes, 115, 116,
n. 346
Masoretic punctuation, 23, 117
¦ reading rejected, 50
Meroz, n. 399
Messiah, Cyrus, Is. xiv. 1, 125,
n. 280 - Zerubbabel, Dan. ix.
25, n. 355
Metrical, see Analysis
 — - composition, 344
¦ ¦ translations, 90, 94,
114,264, 342, 381—405
Misinterpretation of Hosea,
166, 172
 — Isaiah,
49, 51, 53, 54, 55, 88, 154

K 2

436

INDEX OF THINGS.

Misinterpretation of Micah,
81, 144, 368, sq.
Mountains; nations, 109, 191,
394
Mystical, see Interpretation
Naples Hebrew Bible, 364
Nations, feminine, see People
Note p. 48, corrected
Offensive translation, n. 85, 92
Omissions, Heb. text, 30, 33,
34, 40, 41, 50, 54, 57, 58,
59, 62, 63, 68, 70, 78, 79,
80, 83, 86, 87, 114, 133,
134, 135, 143, 144, 148,
157, 160, 163, 165» 169,
171, 195, 208, 244, 257,
262, 266, 302, 314, 322,
324, 331, 338, 340, 399
Parallelism, vi, vii, 2, 95, 101
Paronomasia, n. 195, n. 264,
n. 336, n. 385, n. 391,
n. 393
Participle future, 42, 54, 162,
261, 266
People, masculine, n. 259,
n. 263, n. 265, n. 267
Peoples, n. 56
Peschito, n. 93
Philoxenian, n. 93
Plural of intensity, 144, n. 289
Poor and needy, 50, 59
Prayer of Daniel, 351—355
Prater tense, 34, 35, 117
Prophecies, before Hezekiah's
reign, 82, 88, 90
Prophecy, not unaccomplish
ed, $6, 57

Prophecy, double; 29,80,102;
103, 117, 151, n. 366
Prophetess, 40, 42, 367, sq;
Prophetic, see Praeter
Prophets, their practice, 39,
51, 57, 80, 99, 104
 minor, 140, n. 391
Psalm, imprecatory, cix, n.222
Psalms written, not by David,
but by the prophets, 83, 97,
220, 221, n. 351
Public, see Translation
Rome, n. 280, n. 346, n. 362
R.egent and rectum, 52, 53, 69
Religion, Jewish, n. 280
Restoration, from Babylonian
captivity, Is. i. 26, 27, ii. 1
—5, iv. 2—6, x. 20 — 22,
xi. 1 — 10, xii. 1—6, xxiv-
21 — xxvi. 13, xxix. 17, end
—24, xxx. 18—26, xxxii. 15
—20, xxxv. 1— 10, xl. 1—5,
8 end— 11, 27—31, xli. 17
—20, xlii. 3, 4, 16, xliii. 5
—8. 14, 15, 19—21, 25, 26,
xliv. 1—5, 21—28, xiv. 1 — .
8, 11—14, 17—25, xlvi. 3,
4, 10—13, xlviii. 9—11, 20,
21, xlix. 1—26, li. 1—16,
21—23, Iii. 1—15, liv. 1—
17, lv. 1—13, lvi. 1—7,
Ivii. 12—19, Iviii. 8—14,
lix. 16—21, lx. 1—22, lxi.
1—11, Ixii. 1—12, lxiii.l—
19, lxiv. 1—12, Ixv. 8—10,
16—25, Ixvi. 7—14, 18—23,
29, 32, 33, 54, 55, 56, 57,

INDEX OP THINGS.

43?

68— 70, 76,78, 79, 81,82,
88—91, 98—104, 106, 107,
109—115,119—121, 124—
130, 134—142, 144—150,
156—164, 169—172, 175,
176, 179—197, 199—201
Restoration of the twelve
tribes, 56, 57, 206, 207,
n. 268, n. 337
Resurrection, n. 374
Righteousness, correct to ' de
liverance,' or 'acquittal,' 50,
51, 55
Sabaoth, 63
Salvation, see Fountains
Samaria, 40, 43, 47, 67, 68,
. 72, 166, n. 297
Samaritan pentateuch, v, 6,
n. 6, n. 11, n. 15, n. 382,
n. 383, n. 384, n. 385
Septuagint, see Translation
Sheol, xiv, xv, 73, 94, 95,
96, 168, 333, 334, 364, 390
Shepherds, 240, 243
Sheshech, 334, 338
Shiloah, 43, 47, 57, 342
Shiloh, n. 13, n. 345
¦ the place, n. 21, 22,
217
Sign to Ahaz, 40, 41, 366 —
368
Sleep of Jehovah, n. 251
Son of man, n. 267, n. 289,
n. 299
Song of Deborah, 397—400
¦ the desert, 90, 99
-' gratitude, 56

Song of Habakuk, 394—396
 Hannah, 401
— to Jehovah, 114
 of triumph, 264
Spirit, my, me, 76
 blast, 79, 83
 breath, 33, 171, 300,
337, 364
 Cyrus, 81
 mind, n. 306, n. 337
Spiritualising, n. 255
Star from Jacob, n. 384.
Stone of the corner, 73
Superlative degree, n. 289,
correct n. 306, n. 308
Syriac version, 92, n. 331,
n. 340
Targumists, 345
Ten tribes, Ephraim, 39, 40
Text, p. 70, corrected
Theory, metrical, vii, 24,
n. 284, n. 285, n. 287,
n. 292, n. 294
Topheth, n. 218, 233
Translation, Greek, Alexan
drine, Septuagint, 6, lxx, 7,
9, 17, 18, 38, 41, 51, 667
67,75,78,93,96,101,111, 112, 153, 154, 168, 172,
176, 191, 215, 216, 217,
224, 225, 227—229, 260,
261, 264, 265, 266, 270,
274, 279, 280, 282, 283,
,290, 291, 293, 300, 302,
305, 309, 310, 312, 316,
317, 321, 324, 325, 328,
331, 332, 334, 335, 342,

438

INDEX OF THINGS.

344, 345, 347, 360, 364,
370, 383, 384, 385, 388,
394—396, 398
Translation, Greek, of Daniel,
353, 354
¦  Latin, vulgate,
57, 63, n. 259, n. 346
>  Latin, old, 101
¦' public English,
40, 217, 225, 240, 242, 263,
270, 282, 285, 287, 289,
290, 293
Transpositions, Heb. text, 28,
33, 36, 38, 40, 45, 49, 50,
62, 63, 68, 69, 83, 84, 94,
107, 117, 119, 120, 122,
123, 126, 129, 130, 131,
134, 141, 148, 155, 156,
158, 165, 166, 169, 184,
185, 187, 194, 201, 204,
205, 210, 211, 217, 219,
226, 230, 237, 246, 249,
256, 272, 279,. 287, 288,
309, 336, 337, 341, 351,
356
Verses wrongly divided, xiii,
xiv, 50, 54, 59, 60, 85, 87,
88, 194, 247, 328

Virgin, see Prophetess
Vision of flowing waters, 342)
—347
Vision, see Answer
Vowel-points, 346
Woman, a warrior, 250
Words improperly connected,
62, 63, 69, iS, 217, 223,
229, 244, 295, 31 3
 rejected by the metre,
xi,', xviii, 27, 28. 3?, 34,
36, 40, 45, 57, 56, GO, 61,
63, 65, 71, 73, 7o, 77,78,
79, 92, 93, 98, 106, i08>
119, 121, 122, 127, 134,
138, 145, 147, 148, 155,
156, 157, 162, 163, 164,
204, 207, 223, 233, 239,
267, 268, 288, 301, 335
 wrongly joined or di
vided in Heb. text, 51, 61,
76, 82, 85, 86, 238, 241,
3^7
Writing of Hezekiah, 94
Written law, 81, n. 238
Yoke of Zedekiah, 2S8

HEBREW WORDS and PHRASES.

UTS, a man of condition, 266
lO«, to think, 265
own nnnsi, in future, 241,
263, 349
OIK p, a poor man, 267, 299
13 3, a warrior, sapissime.
11J, Gog, house-tops, 3.38
mn, Whether not? 177, 203
nor, idolatry, 314, 317, 324,
330
nit, an hostess, 66, 67, 302,
312, 320, 326—329, 361
Ston, to miss, idolatry, 290,
293, 294, 296, 332, 350,
352, 354, 355
1DH, paternal affection, 247,
351
TDn, paternally affectionate,
206
jlttP, help, deliverance, restora
tion, Josh. x. 6, and f:ssim.
b'D'n bb, long ..time future,
correct 253, and compare
1 Sam. i. 22, 28
1$b- eternity, 170
btMO, ruin, 304, 311, 341
•jtSD, Sheshech, Babylon, 201,
338

B5tt>D, written law, passim.
Idolatrous religion, applied
to Babylon, 272
1MQ, Magog, land of house
tops, 338
TiJtD, a banisher, 234, 258, 268,
286, 321,396
V&i, life, 285
ItW, to cut with a saw, thence
Jasher, Josh, x, 13, 410
ptf, punishment, metonymy of
cause for effect, (see Abp. N.
on Hosea, x. 13.) 153, 1.55,
171,209,282,292,294,296,
300—304, 316, 322, 323,
329, 333, 336, 339—341
lay, in Hiph. to alienate, 320
TV, far ever, 69, 70.
nj>, continuances, 69
oVil>, long time future, 127,
252, 254, 26S, 332, 338
past, 127,
[corr. 242] 247, 253, 25 i,
269, 317, 336
i>U>3, idolatry, n. 124
p"W, deliverance, 81, 353
acquittal, 144, 159, 173,
238, 269, 3 IS, 350, 352

440

HEBREW WORDS AND PHRASES.

jW, acquitted, 165, 240, 294,
300, 363'
an acquitter, so correct
UO, 128, [in Hiphil 143]
280
Wip, appropriated, 137, 320

JWn, an idolater, idolatry ,passrnt.
d)bw, prosperity, passim ; peace,
Jud. iv. 17
IpW, an idol, 216, 227, 252
WW, an idol, n. 282
ban, Babylon, 201, 338

THE END.

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