PAMPHLET FOE THE TIMES 'Exmti&t on &f)xi&tim Bnitg, AS PRAYED FOR BY CHRIST, AND ENJOINED BY HIS APOSTLES ; WHAT IT IS, AND WHERE IT CAN FIND A RESTING PLACE IN CHRISTIAN ENGLAND : ADDRESS TO SECEDERS AND CHURCHMEN, BY THE EEV. FIENNES S. TEOTMAN, B.A. Ui. RECTOR OF STOKE GOLDINGTON, BUCKS; AND VICAR OF DALLINGTON, NOBTHAMPTONSHIHE. f^Y/ f t(x> NORTHAMPTON: THOMAS WALESBY. LONDON : FRANCIS AND JOHN RIVINGTON. ' 1846. " Neither pray I for these alone, but for them also which shall believe on me through their word ; that they all may be one ; as thou, Father, art in me and I in thee, that they also may be one in us ; that the world may believe that thou hast sent me." St. Johk, xvii. 20, 21. " Now I beseech you, brethren, by the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that ye all speak the same thing ; and that there be no divisions among you ; but that ye be perfectly jdined together in the same mind and in the same judgment." 1 Coe, i. 10. PAMPHLET FOR THE TIMES. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION. No true disciple of the Divine Saviour who seriously reflects on the subject, can fail deeply to deplore the almost countless divisions on the subject of religion, which a,t present exist in Christian England. I repeat, with confidence, that no sincere Christian can, on reflection, fail to deplore this state of things, because it is the very reverse of that which Christ in his last solemn intercession for his' Church prayed for— because it is the very reverse of that which his inspired Apostles enjoined — and because it grievously hinders the advancement of Chris tianity in the world — nay, saps its very foundations ! But if this be so — and that it is so I believe the single-minded and well-intentioned of all denominations of Christians allow — it surely is a question far surpassing in importance the many which at present occupy the minds of Anglican Christians, What is the remedy for this dire disease ? Where is the hal lowed ground on which all Protestant Christians who worship a Trinity of Divine Persons in one Etemal and undivided God head, who hope for pardon of sin through the blood of Christ alone, appropriated by a lively faith, and for meetness for the B 2 kingdom of heaven through sanctification of the Spirit alone (merging those discrepancies of opinion in minor points of doc trine and discipline which ever must exist while human nature continues fallen and corrupt as it now is), may meet and realise the prayer of St. Paul for the Roman Christians (Rom. xv. 5, 6), " Now the God of patience and consolation grant you to be like-minded one toward another according to Christ Jesus, that ye may with one mind and one mouth glorify God, even the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ," and may consti tute that whole body " fitly joined together and compacted by that which every joint supplieth, of which Christ is the head," spoken of in the 4th chapter of Ephesians ? To answer this unspeakably important question — to supply this remedy — to show where this hallowed ground is alone to be found, is the object of this treatise — an object so high, so holy — which, if ex tensively successful, would so pre-eminently further the merciful ends of God in revealing his will to man, that an individual of such moderate pretensions to natural ability as the author con fessedly is, might well shrink from attempting it, did he not know, on the warrant of an Apostle, that God doth sometimes choose " the foolish things of the world to confound the wise, and the weak things of the world to confound the things which are mighty, and base things of the world, and things which are despised hath God chosen, yea, and things that are not, to bring to nought things that are, that no flesh should glory in his presence." May His blessing rest upon this little treatise, so far as the principles advocated in it are in accordance with His will and word, have a consequent tendency to promote the unifty, peace, and welfare of his church, and so to secure His glory. CHAPTER II. Christ prayed that his Disciples might be one, in order to the prevalence of his Religion in the World. — His Apostles enjoined Unity amongst Christians, and taught that Divisions are sinful. In the beginning of the last chapter I have, in passing, assumed as facts the statements which form the heading of the present one. As they will constitute the very foundation of this trea tise, it will be necessary at once to substantiate them. And, first, that Christ prayed that his disciples might be one, no person can doubt who reads the 17th chapter of the Gospel as written by St. John — unless, indeed, the eye of his mind is unhappily so dimmed by prejudice that he cannot, or rather will not see, to the' acknowledgment of the truth. The time, manner, language, and every circumstance attendant on Christ's offering up that prayer, it will be seen, were most solemn and interesting — a time in which, if it were lawful to make com parisons where all is infinite, we may suppose, to speak hu manly, his love for and anxiety in behalf of his immediate disciples and his future church, to have been at their utmost height, namely, at the time when, in order to finish his at once appointed and chosen work he was about to lay down his life a ransom for sinners, leave the world, and return to the Father. The reader of this treatise, it is trusted, will feel sufficient in terest in the important subject on which it treats, to peruse carefiiUy the entire chapter (17th St. John) before he proceeds — and he will find the Saviour, from verse 9 to 17, praying for his immediate disciples in contradistinction to the unbe lieving world around them, that " they may be one as he and the Father are one" — that they " may be kept from the evil of the world" — that they may be "sanctified through the truth " — from verse 20, extending his prayer to his true dis ciples, the members of his church universal in all ages, espe cially that unity may prevail among them, that same unity or 6 one-ness which exists between him and his Father — " neither pray I for these alone, but for them also which shall believe on me through their word, that they all may be one as thou, Father, art in me and I in thee, that they also may be one in us ;" and let the reader observe the reason ^ven by the Divine Saviour for this importunate prayer for unity — " that the world may believe that thou hast sent me." Can any argument be used in favour of Unity amongst the disciples of Christ superior to this, that on it depends, very mainly, the belief of Christ's divine mission, or the universal prevalence of Christianity in the world ! Oh ! in what an awfal light does this argument place those breaches of unity in Christ's church which proceed from men's perverse tempers and dispositions, conceits and pre judices ! I repeat the declaration, that no candid person, after reading the 17th chapter of the Gospel of St. John, can deny that Christ, at the most solemn period of his earthly existence, prayed earnestly for the Unity of his Church, the one-ness of his disciples in all ages. But, secondly, that the Apostles ex horted those to whom they wrote to cherish the same unity or one-ness, teaching that "divisions" are sinful, is equally ca pable of proof. In the 12th chapter of his Epistle to the Ro mans, and in the 12th chapter of his First Epistle to the Corinthians, the Apostle St. Paul compares the church of Christ to the natural body of man, in which God hath set many members bearing different offices, some more, some less honourable, connected by the strongest ties of sympathy, abso lutely necessary to one another, having tempered tlie body toge ther so that there be no schism therein. To cure the divisions which existed among them seems to have been St. Paul's main object in writing his First Epistle to the Corinthians ; for no sooner had he saluted them and thanked God for their con version to Christianity, than he most solemnly beseeches them, in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ, to cherish unity, to avoid divisions. Mark the earnest manner in which he writes — " 1 beseech you, brethren, by the Lord Jesus Christ, that ye all speak the same thing, and there be no divisions among you, but that ye be perfectly joined together in the same mind and in the same judgment ;" — an undoubted unity this, verily, which the Apostle delineates in the expressions, " speak ing the same thing," and being " perfectly joined together in the same mind and in the same judgment," and exhorts to the adoption and practice thereof "by the Lord Jesus Christ,^ an unity, we may be assured, identically the same with that which Christ had prayed might distinguish and embody his disciples — "for, it hath been declared to me of you, my brethren (proceeds the Apostle), by them that are of the house ofChloe, that there are contentions among you." — The Apostle then states the effect of these contentions, or rather, the shape which they had assumed : " Now, this I say — that every one of you saith, I am of Paul, and I of Apollos, and I of Cephas, and I of Christ " — and rebukes them by the cutting questions — " Is Christ divided ? Was Paul crucified for you, or were ye baptized in the name of Paul ?" And here, it cannot fail to strike the candid reader, that the names of the respec tive founders or leaders of modern sects have but to be sub stituted for those of Paul and Cephas, and the remonstrance of the Apostle will be as applicable to their followers as it was to the Corinthian schismatics — nay, it vdll be more applicable to modern sectarians, as they are not prepared to maintain that the founders of their sects were inspired. The Apostle recurs to the subject in the 3rd chapter of the same Epistle, declaring that these schisms or divisions actually hindered him from addressing them " as spiritual," and from feeding them with the strong nourishing food of the Gospel : " For (says he) ye are yet carnal ; for whereas there is among you envy ing, strife, and divisions, are ye not carnal and walk as men (i. e. as men in a state of corrupt nature), for while one saith I am of Paul, and another I am of Apollos, are ye not carnal ?" In the same strain he proceeds through several succeeding verses ; but that which I have quoted is amply sufficient ta show that the Apostle considered these divisions, these schisms, these separations from the main body of the church at Corinth, or, if it be preferred, these splittings of the body itself, as carnal or sinful. That in these passages and others which might be adduced, unity amongst the disciples of Christ is enjoined, divisions shown to be sinful, no one, I conceive, will venture to deny; and as I have before shown, that Christ prayed for this same unity, I may consider the statements at the head of this chapter substantiated. But then arises the question, What is that unity for which Christ prayed, and which his Apostles enjoined ? — a vital question, on which the whole subject turns, and which shall be fully considered in the next chapter. CHAPTER III. What is that Unity for which Christ prayed, and which his Apostles enjoined ? In answering this question, I shall first show what that Unity is not — secondly, what it is. Those who set up a form of worship according to their own taste, or (if the term be preferred) according to their conscience, and claim the right of selecting their own minister, and contend for each man's own conscience and judgment being the only rule and law in matters of Chris tian doctrine and Christian fellowship, dispose of Christ's prayer for Unity amongst his disciples, and the injunctions of his Apostles to the same effect, by declaring that neither the one nor the other ever contemplated or intended anything beyond an Unity of heart and affections in all who professed to be Disciples of Christ — a kind, forbearing, accommodating spirit — in short (for to this it must come) an agreement to differ. But however amiable and liberal such a view of the matter may at first sight appear to be, we find no warrant, no resting place for it in the Bible ! Let us test this assertion by a brief appeal to Christ's 9 prayer for Unity — the Apostolic injunction to the same effect — '- and to analogy. What is the precise language used by Christ in his prayer for Unity among his disciples in all ages ? Why, " that they all may be one as thou, Father, art inme and t in thee, that they also may be one in us ;" or, as he had just before expressed himself, verse 11, that " they may be one as we are :" so, then, the Unity amongst Christ's disciples was to be of the same nature as that between himself and his Father. To be brief on a subject so holy, so solemn — shall we compare to this that Unity amongst professing Christians which charitably tolerates differences in opinion and principle — an Unity the very existence of which depends on mutual fokbeaeance ? Such an idea were little short 'of blasphemy ! ! Again — does such a view of Christian Unity agree with the doctrine laid down by St. Paul in the passage already quoted : — " Now, I beseech you, brethren, by the name of the Lord Jesus Christ, that ye all speak the same thing, and that there be no divisions among you, but that ye be perfectly joined together in the SAME MIND and in the same judgment " ? No one will ven ture to assert it ! Once more — try this view of Christian Unity by Analogy — a very faithful teacher. Christians are called in Scripture God's family and household. Now, carrying out this idea and similitude, what should we think of the Unity of a family or household, the members of which, while they cha ritably tolerate each other's differences in opinion and principle, yet cannot agree to break bread at the same table or to use the same form of prayer ? We might speak of the members of such a family being distinguished for forbearance towards each other, but surely not for Unity or Oneness ! Again, Christians are in Scripture called the soldiers of Jesus Christ. — The Christian life is compared to a warfare. — St. Paul, equipping his Ephesian converts in panoply complete, so that they might be "able to withstand the assaults of the Devil," and having done all to stand, enjoined all the Christian graces under the figure of the different pieces of armour worn 10 by ancient warriors. — Christ is styled the " captain of our salvation." — Hence, the Church enlists us in baptism as faithful soldiers pledged to fight manftilly even to the end of our lives under " Christ's banner against sin, the world, and the Devil." But who is so ignorant as not to know that not only a cheerful obedience to,, and an entire confidence in, the captain who leads an army to battle, and a good understanding and heartfelt union amongst the soldiers, but also an entire uniformity of design and outward action as well in the drill as in the battle field, is absolutely necessary, in order, by God's blessing, to ensure the victory ? — I assert, then, that a mere unity in heart and affection in all who profess to be disciples of Christ, a kind, forbearing, and accommodating spirit, an agreement to differ, is not that Unity for which Christ prayed, and which his Apostles enjoined.* — ^But having shown what that Unity for which Christ prayed and his Apostles enjoined is not, I proceed (secondly) to show what it is. I hesitate not to say that it is a perfect Unity — an Unity or Oneness in Christian doctrine — an Unity or Oneness in the outward forms of religion — an Unity or Oneness in heart and affection — in short, as I before said, a perfect Unity — Yes, Unity in Christian doctrine. — By Christian doctrine I here mean that system of truths which is revealed in the Holy Scriptures concerning the God whom we adore^ — Father, Son, and Holy Ghost — three persons, but one God — which declares the way of a sinner's being justified before God, and being made fit for the kingdom of heaven — what we must * It is scarcely necessary to say that the author does not lay himself open to the serious charge of disparaging the Christian grace of forbearance, the exercise of which, in the present fallen and corrupt state of human nature, alone can soften asperities and render our intercourse with each other com fortable. He simply asserts that forbearance, or an agreement to differ, is not that unity or oneness which Christ prayed might characterise his dis ciples ! It is important to call things by their right names ; indeed. Truth itself is at stake in the matter ; and, as a case in point, it would have been more wise and true had it been announced to the world, concerning the late extraordinary gathering at Liverpool, that its object would be to establish mutual forbearance amongst Christians, or an agreement to differ ! II believe, alid what we must do to be saved — in short, which forms at once the badge of our profession, the motive of our conduct, the ground of our hope, our comfort, and our joy. To suppose Christ before his death praying for the Unity of his disciples in all ages that they might " be one as he and the Father are one ;" after his death and resurrection invested with " all power in heaven and earth ;" and yet, either failing, in due time, to provide a fixed, recognised, and intelligible system of doctrines for their guidance in faith and practice, or indifferent as to their departure from that system, in large bodies or individual members of his Church, would be at once impious and absurd ! Hence, I have no hesitation in saying that the very fact of Christ having prayed for his followers in all ages " that they might be one as he and the Father are one," and having been soon after invested with all power in heaven and in earth, is a safe guarantee that he would, when the proper time came, provide his Church with a perfect and intelligible system of doctrines, or truths, or principles, which should form the foundation on which to build such an Unity. This is a legitimate and safe inference ; but beyond this, I pro ceed to prove from Scripture that our divine Saviour actually did provide his Church with such 'a ground of Unity — that he had no sooner left his disciples and fulfilled his promise of sending to them the Holy Ghost the Comforter, who should bring all things to their remembrance which he had said to them, and should in all respects qualify them for founding that Church, "against which the gates of Hell should never pre vail," than we find them in various strong expressions alluding to a recognised system of doctrines drawn up for the use of the Church to the end of the world. St. Luke, in the Acts of the Apostles (Acts ii. 42), calls this system the "Apostles' Doc trine," connecting with it " fellowship," " breaking of bread (or an administration of the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper)," and united prayer and praise. St. Paul, in his second Epistle to Timothy, 1st chapter and 13th verse, calls it " the form 12 of sound words," and charges him to " hold it fast." In the second chapter of the same Epistle he speaks of the same code of doctrine under the phrase, " the things thou hast heard OF ME AMONG MANY WITNESSES," and chargcs him, " the same commit to faithful men which shall be able to teach others also," which proved that this code of doctrine was to be handed down. This system of doctrines is called in passages of the inspired Epistles, too numerous to be quoted at length, " the FAITH," and Christians are exhorted to " examine themselves whether they be in it" — " to continue in it" — "to stand fast in it " — " to contend for it " — " to strive for it." No reflecting and candid person can doubt but that allusion is made in these passages to a summary of Christian doctrines, a brief form of belief, either drawn up by the Apostles before such portions of the Oracles of God, as we call the New Testament, were com mitted to writing, or taken from them after they had been written, as an instrument whereby the early Christians, aye and Christians for ever, might the more easily, surely, and uniformly be taught the principles of" Christ's religion," and might be able " with the mouth to make confession to salvation " — a fact this, confirmed by the distinct testimony of Irenseus, scholar of Poly carp, who was the disciple of St. John, TertuUian, and other early Fathers of the Christian Church — a fact borne witness to from generation to generation even down to our own days, by all pure branches of Christ's Holy Catholic Church having their authorized forms of sound words or creeds similar in main principles and spirit, if not composed of the self-same words ; as, for example, that used by the Anglican branch, commonly called " the Apostles' Creed," so called, if not from the Apostles themselves having composed it, yet from its con taining the Apostolic doctrines, and having its origin in Apos tolic times. The inspired Scriptures, then, the writings of the early Fathers of the Church, and the testimony arising from a form of belief similar in main principles, though not identical in words, having been used by all the sound branches of 13 Christ's Holy Catholic Church from age to age down to our own day, conspire to prove that in Christ's prayer for the Unity of his Church, as recorded by St. John, Unity of doctrine is necessarily included. Nor, is unity or oneness in the outward forms and ordi nances of religion a less necessary ingredient in that unity, which Christ prayed might prevail amongst his disciples from age to age, than unity or oneness in doctrine. Hence, we find St. Paul in his beautiful prayer for his Roman converts (Ro mans, 15th Chap., 5th and 6tli verses) placing the two in this very sequence — " Now the God of patience and consolation grant you to be like minded one towards another according to Christ Jesus, that ye may with one mind and one mouth glorify God, even the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ." Not either, that in his last prayer for the perfect unity or oneness of his disciples, our Lord contemplated an identity of forms and ceremonies in those who should in all ages and coun tries compose his Church : this we nowhere gather from Scrip ture. Hence the Anglican branch of Christ's Holy Catholic Church, ever true to Scripture, declares in the former part of her 34th Article — " It is not necessary that traditions {i.e. cus toms) and ceremonies be in all places one and utterly alike, for at all times they have been divers, and may be changed accord ing to the diversities of countries, times, and men's manners, so that nothing be ordained against God's word." But certainly we do gather from Scripture, that in cities or countries where sound branches of Christ's holy Catholic Church exist, and those lawfully bearing office in the same, have appointed forms of worship, ordinances, and ceremonies not opposed to God's word, private Christians are conscientiously bound to use the same; and hence our Church goes on in the latter part of her aforesaid 34th Article to declare — " Whosoever through his private judg ment willingly and purposely doth openly break the traditions and ceremonies of the Church which be not repugnant to the word of God, and be ordained and approved by common authority, 14 ought to be rebuked openly (that others may fear to do the like), as he that offendeth against tlie common order of the Church, and hurteth the authority of the magistrate and woundeth the conscience of the weak brethren." If these things are so — and that they are I maintain on the warrant of inspired Scripture and the Church — what multitudes live in grievous error or in wilful transgression in this Christian land? their lives being one continued breach of that unity amongst his disciples for which Christ prayed and which his Apostles enforced. Heartily disposed as I am to give my Dissenting brethren, when I fairly can, every credit for acting conscien tiously, I would desire to attribute this dire evil in the great majority of cases, especially amongst the lower classes, to want of due consideration. God grant that the eyes of these may be opened to see how wofully the beauty and efficiency of the Church of Christ is marred and weakened by these divisions which they are keeping up — and that those who " cause them to err " may consider how great their responsibility is, and that all may return to those sweet paths of unity which are alone to be found in communion with the Church. — That any re flecting and serious Christian who has attained to any con siderable knowledge of the mind of God, as it is to be disco vered in the general tenor of his word, can imagine that multifarious and rival houses of worship and forms of prayer can be approved by that Divine Mind, I can never believe. No : setting aside any peculiar circumstances which might be adduced as forming an exception to the general rule, such as a parish with a decidedly unsatisfactory clergyman (though I have my doubts whether even this would justify dissent in that parish*) — the broad ground on which alone any reasonable * Painful ! lamentable as confessedly is the case of an unsatisfactory clergyman in a parish, and devoutly as it is to be wished that no such case should henceforth exist, yet, inasmuch as, in spite of every precaution, such cases must and will occur while human nature remains corrupt as it is, it is surely a great blessing that the Church in her appointed Lessons, Psalms, Epistle and Gospel, Creeds and Scriptural Liturgy,, has so eSbctually met 15 apology for, or justification of such practices can be built, is tlie infirmity and sinfulness of human nature through the fall, — and I need scarcely say that this is no justification at all in the case of any individual who, knowing the Divine mind as above supposed, and who, to gratify his own taste, runs counter to that mind — any more than the same unhappy corruption of human nature would justify a man in not striving to " love God with all his heart and his neighbour as himself." — Thirdly and lastly on this head — that unity or oneness in heart and affec tions, though not constituting in all its integrity, as I have before proved, that unity or oneness which Christ prayed might prevail amongst Christians, and which his Apostles enjoined, is yet an absolutely necessary ingredient in that unity, it is almost superfluous that I affirm, still less so that I quote, the very many, the almost numberless passages of Scripture which directly or indirectly declare it, seeing that all professing Christians are agreed on this point. Following out, therefore, the apt and beautiful similitude of St. Paul, in the 2nd chapter of his Epistle to the Ephesians, 9th and three following verses ; and of St. Peter in his first Epistle, 2nd chap., Sth verse, wherein they liken the Christian Church to a stately building, built on the foundation of the Apostles and Prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the corner stone, and individual Christians the case as to take care that none of her members, even the most unedu cated, can regularly attend upon her services and ordinances, and yet remain ignorant of any saving doctrine, any holy precept of Christianity. This being so, and Christ having prayed for the oneness of his disciples, and his apostles declared divisions to be sinful, the author cannot see that such case justifies the setting up a rival house of worship, with all its attendant train of evils ! Painful ! lamentable ! I repeat, is the case of an unsatisfac tory clergyman in a parish ! But let the parishioner placed under such circumstances respect the ofiBce of his appointed pastor, if he cannot respect him personally — let his attendance at his parish church be regular — and with his Bible and Book of Common Prayer in his hand, let him be thankful that in one sense of the term he is an Independent — that he is independent of his minister. Is it not very possible that there may be political, time serving, unsatisfactory dissenting ministers ? and have dissenters anything in that case so substantial as the appointed services of the Church to fall back upon ? 16 to the polished stones which form the building— I may ven ture to say, that sincere and hearty affection is the cement which is ordained to hold the building compactly together. — I have, then, I hope and trust, proved from the general tenor of Scripture and from analogy that the unity or oneness which Christ prayed might prevail for ever amongst his disciples, and which his Apostles enjoined, is a perfect Unity — an unity or oneness in Christian doctrine — an unity or oneness in outward forms and ordinances — an unity or oneness in holy affection and love. CHAPTER IV. Where is the common, the hallowed Ground on which alone all Protestant Christians who worship a Trinity of Divine Persons, in one eternal and undivided Godhead, can meet, and so realise that Unity for which Christ prayed and which his Apostles enjoined ? Yes, this is the all-important question which now forces itself on our minds with the most pressing urgency, and to answer which is the great object of this little treatise. I do not hesitate to declare it to be my thorough conviction that, if this question were to be solemnly and separately put to the most candid and really pious members of all the Protestant sects in the land, worshipping a trinity of Divine Persons in one Eternal Godhead, the answer from all would be one and the same, however unprepared those making it might at present be to fulfil their divine Master's will embodied in his last prayer, by acting upon it — and that answer would be, " that common ground must be, the Common Prayer Book of the Church of England." But neither conviction, however legitimately ar rived at, nor assertion, however well founded, is proof. Re questing the reader of this work, therefore, to bear in mind the circumstance that the assertion of the Common Prayer Book of the Church of England being the common ground on 17 •which the unity in question must, humanly speaking, be built or attained, is one which in its very nature is incapable of direct^ formal, and absolute proof, I shall endeavour to throw together such indirect and informal proofs as the case admits of ; such, however, as I am bold to say, must carry conviction to every unprejudiced mind. — I have before ventured, in effect, to affirm that multifarious houses of prayer and forms of wor ship are contrary to the intent, mind, and will of God — that such divisions of Christ's body are the offspring of human corriiptions — and if wilfully caused and persisted in, are inex cusable on the same ground that a breach of the first and second great Christian commandments is inexcusable — " Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thine heart, and thy neighbour as thyself." But if this affirmation is true in the abstract and in the general — oh ! how pre-eminently true must it be when applied to Christian England, in which the purest branch of Christ's holy Catholic Church, now on earth, is by law established — of whose laws it has been said with truth that " Christianity forms part and parcel of them, whose kings and queens have long been her Churche^' nursing fathers and mothers " — whose senators have so far learned true wisdom as to perceive it to be their first duty to plant that Church in its fullest efficiency in every city, town, and village in the land. Oh 1 if we would diligently and prayerfully search the Divine Word with a view to ascertain the Divine Mind on the subject of that perfect Unity in faith and practice, in doctrine and worship, in heart and affections, which God would love to see amongst his people en earth, and which he has ordained shall issue in oneness of mind and worship in Heaven : and if, in the serious and candid state of mind which such an exercise is calculated to produce, we would contemplate the venerable edifices, whose heaven-pointing spires and ivy-clad towers Christianize as well as beautify the English landscape, and form the rallying point of true and undefiled religion through out the length and breadth of the land ; and if further, keep- 18 ing in view those cardinal points, those distinguishing doctrines of Christianity — man's original moral likeness to a holy God, his corruption and lost estate through the fall — and the means which God has mercifully ordained to restore him to the state of holiness and happiness which he lost ; pardon of sin through the atoning blood of Christ, embraced and appropriated by a lively faith, and sanctification of the heart and renewed holi ness of life through the grace of the Holy Ghost, which alone constitutes a meetness for the kingdom of heaven ; — if, I say, keeping in view these great distinguishing doctrines of Chris tianity, we would, in the afore-named serious and candid spirit, examine the articles and homilies, the services and offices of the Church as contained in her Book of Common Prayer, I am perfectly satisfied that we could come but too ne conclusion — ' this is the manuaVof the Bible — this is the handmaid of true religion — here, if in this Christian land it is to be found, is the common, the hallowed ground, on which all Anglican Chris tians, merging minor differences of opinion, may meet, and offer unto God that sweet sacrifice of Unity which he loves — which Christ prayed foi — which his Apostles enjoined, and which all good men sigh for ! What other ground did any Anglican Christian ever dream of ? None, I verily believe. No intelligent and reflecting " Independent " ever dreamed of all Anglican Christians becoming Independents! — No "Anabaptist" that all would become Anabaptists ! — No " Wesley an " that all would become Wesleyans I though each may assert that his own sect is right — all others wrong. — The sectarian, revelling in liberty of conscience and the right of private judgment in matters of religion, seldom turns his thoughts to the awkward subject of Christian unity at all ; and if the subject is perchance forced on his consideration, he escapes from it by endeavouring to persuade himself that it consists in a charitable forbearance amongst all professing Christians, an agreement to differ. But drive him from this entrenchment, by showing it to be impos sible that such could be the Unity or oneness which Christ prayed 19 might prevail amongst his disciples, which was to resemble the Unity or oneness which exists between him and his Father, and he is forced either to declare his belief that, though Christ did in his last earthly intercession for his Church pray for this real, this perfect Unity, this oneness amongst his disciples, and shortly afterwards was invested with all power in heaven and in earth, he nevertheless omitted to afford the ground for such Unity in this land in which the Gospel was so soon to be preached, and which was destined to be in due time its strongest hold — or else, that he did furnish such ground, and with the exception of those dark and dreary years during which Popery was permitted to corrupt and mar it, as a punishment for national sins, has continued it in the pure branch of his holy Catholic Church which for so many years has been established amongst us. Sectarians sometimes speak of the Church of England as the sect preferred and favoured by the State ; but, though some of them may make this statement in ignorance, the more educated must know better, and only keep up such a delusion in their own and other's minds in order to justify a continuance in their own adopted and favourite form of worship, and code of doctrines. They know that, once admit the fact that there is such a DIVINE INSTITUTION as Christ's Holy Catholic Church visible on earth, and that the Church established by law in England is a pure branch of that Church, holding and carry ing out in her articles, homilies, services and offices the great cardinal doctrines and ordinances of the Gospel, and sectarian ism or dissent is at once found guilty of a breach of that unity for which Christ prayed, and which his Apostles en joined ; and hence, unprepared to acknowledge and renounce their errors, they persist in an evil and injurious course, under the plea of professing to believe the Church of England to be one amongst many Anglican sects. But, supposing for a moment that we take low ground, merely by way of argument, and view the Established Church as one of many sects — which the lawful rulers of the land have c2 20 for ages considered it their duty to favour and incorporate with the State — still I am prepared to maintain that she affords the only possible foundation (humanly speaking) in this land, on which that Unity for which Christ prayed, and which his Apostles enjoined, can be built, placing in the hands of all her members, as she is able to do, her " credentials clear "—the book of her articles, homilies, services, and offices, which she exhorts them to compare with Scripture, and challenges them to prove contrary thereto in matters of doctrine and practice affecting salvation, and therefore claiming the benefit of that class of texts of which the following is most conspicuous, — " Submit yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord's sake," — which, I maintain, no other sect can do in its full sense and meaning. Moreover, from her manner of appointing and locating her ministers, placing her members in a position to fulfill that very important command of St. Paul — Hebrews, 13th chapter and 17th verse — " Obey them that have the rule over you, and submit yourselves, for they watch for your souls," &c. &c. ; which again no other sect can do, inasmuch as for a congregation to set up its own Blinister, and then obey him, is as perfect an anomaly as to make a God with our own hands and then fall down and worship it. Nor should I fail to mention the facilities for carrying into operation that Unity, for which Christ prayed, which the Church of England pre-eminently possesses ; conveying — as she alone does — her ministrations into every city, town, and village of the land. And here, by the way, ere proceeding to the consideration of the important question which naturally arises out of what has been said, namely. What is it which mainly hinders a con summation so devoutly to be wished by all true Christians ? which will form the subject of the succeeding Chapter, I may be excused if I say a few words, somewhat out of due order, on the different views taken of Christian Unity, as prayed for by Christ, and enjoined by his Apostles ; and on the different lines of conduct pursued in reference thereto by Dissent, and 21 by the Romish and Anglican branches of the Catholic Church. Dissent necessarily confines her view of Christian unity (if unity it may be called) to charity, mutual forbearance, or an agreement to differ. The Romish branch of the Catholic Church, I believe, takes the same view of Christian unity as does the Anglican branch — the same view which I have taken in this treatise — and in order to attain it, she would 3weep away with her efficient besom all rights of conscience and private judgment, and Bibles to boot ; and by the powerful argument of pains and penalties, fire and fagot, would enforce it on all Christendom. The Anglican branch of the Catholic Church seeks to enforce Christian unity, in all its fulness, on the con sciences and understandings of Englishmen, carrying the Bible in her right hand, and the Book of Common Prayer in her left hand ; putting into their mouths, and, if it may be, into their hearts, her creed, liturgy, et ccetera, exhorting them to search the scriptures, and judge for themselves, whether the things she affirms and enjoins are so ; and endeavouring to impress on their minds the responsibilities which an assertion of the rights of conscience and private judgment, in matters of religion, lay them under. Which of these is the Scriptural view and line of conduct, we may cheerfully and safely leave it to our readers to judge. CHAPTER V. What is it which mainly hinders the Establishment of that complete Unitj in this Christian Land which Christ prayed might prevail amongst his Disciples of all ages, and which his Apostles enjoined ? With many it will be deemed a sufficient answer to the ques tion placed at the head of this chapter to say, that conscience mainly hinders that consummation so devoutly to be wished ! And, doubtless, many of those who dissent from the Holy Apostolic Church of England do so on conscientious grounds. 22 This we are quite ready to believe, though we in vain search for any departure from Apostolic doctrine or practice in her articles, homilies, services, and offices, which can warrant such a lamentable breach of Christian Unity. While charity, however, leads us to believe this, candour and truth compel us to declare it to be our perfect conviction that pride of heart is the main hinderance to the establishment of Unity amongst Anglican Christians ! The Church of England does assert a moral claim to the allegiance of Englishmen, though she desires not, like the Church of Rome, to visit with pains and penalties those who deny her authority, and separate themselves from her com munion ! But pride of heart, that opposer of all authority and subordination, divine and human, instigates multitudes to spurn at the idea of allegiance to the Church of England, and to plume themselves on an assertion of their independence ! A careless indifference on the subject of religion, doubtless, swells the ranks of dissent and^ disunion — " Why, Sir, it is not that I have left the Church that I go to the meeting-house ; but, you see, Sir, the meeting-house is nearest to our house, and there is but one way to Heaven, whether for Churchmen or Dissenters, it cannot therefore matter whether we go to Church or to Meeting," is a speech which every clergyman has fre quently the pain of listening to, and must pass by, unless he is prepared for a long and almost invariably a fruitless argument ! But cold indifference on the subject of religion would not originate dissent and disunion — would not build dissenting chapels. If the history of every dissenting chapel in this king dom could be ascertained by man, as it is known to God, it would be found, 1 believe, that while a certain number have been erected on the foundation of conscience, the vast majority have been erected on the foundation of pride of heart, in its two ramifications, of opposition to constituted authority, and that of a man's being wise in his own conceits. This it was which, before this beautiful world was created, caused dissent and rebellion in Heaven, and cast out angels thence, who are 23 '• reserved in chains against the judgment of the Great Day ! " This it was which cast our first parents out of Paradise, and entailed sin, and woe, and death upon our fallen race ! This it was which stirred up Korah, Dathan, and Abiram to rebel against Moses and Aaron, the servants of the Lord, to the awful destruction of themselves and company ! This it tvas which caused divisions in the infant Church of Christ in the days of the Apostles themselves, which drew from St. Paul's pen the expostulatory question, — " Whereas one saith, I am of Paul, another, I am of Apollos, are ye not carnal ?" What wonder then, that in these latter days the self-same evil spirit should produce the self same evil fruits? No wonder, but alas ! — great pity ! — moreover, great call for self examination on the part of seceders from the Church of England — and great call for faithfulness as to the sin of schism on the part of the ministers of the Church of England. As St. Paul declared divisions to be sinful and exhorted those to whom he wrote to mark and avoid them, so must we. As he, in the 4th Chapter of his Epistle to his Ephesian converts, enjoined a different spirit, beseeching them " to walk worthy their Christian vocation with all lowliness and meekness, with long-suffering, for bearing one another in love, endeavouring to keep the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace, because there is one body and one spirit, even as we are called in one hope of our calling, one Lord, one Faith, one Baptism, one God and Father of us all, who is above all, and through all and in us all," — so must we. As he affectionately exhorted his Corinthian converts (1 Cor. i. 10.) — " Now I beseech you, brethren, by the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that ye all speak the same thing, and that there be no divisions among you, but that ye be perfectly joined together in the same mind and in the same judgment," — so must we. It is painful to write that which will give offence to our dissenting brethren ! — but the fear of giving offence must not prevent our deliver ing what we believe to be the " whole counsel of God," or 24 any part thereof— from "speaking the truth in love." We must never forget that we are " stewards of the mysteries of God," and that, in the language of St. Paul, " it is required of stewards that they be found faithful," — and we may safely address to those who are offended, the question of St. Paul to the Galatians (Gal. iv. 16), "Am I your enemy because I tell you the truth ? " CHAPTER VL CONCLUSION. Brethren and Sisters in Christ Jesus — and are these things so ? Did our Lord, at the most solemn period of his earthly sojourn, pray that a perfect Unity or oneness might prevail amongst his true disciples of all ages, even such an Unity or oneness as exists between himself and his Father ? And did an inspired Apostle of the Lord beseech the Corinthian Chris tians, by the Lord Jesus, to cherish the same Unity, or one ness, declaring divisions among them to be carnal or sinful ? And was this the cause assigned by Christ for his prayer for Unity, " that the world may believe that Thou hast sent me," in other words, that my mission may be known to be divine, that the cause of Christ may prosper and advance on the earth, " God's kingdom come, his will be done in earth as it is in heaven," "the knowledge of the Lord cover the earth as the waters cover the seas," and the advent of that glorious, that longed- for day be hastened, " when the kingdoms of the world shall become the kingdoms of our Lord and of his Christ, and he shall reign for ever and ever " ? And is not the state of spiritual things in this, our Christian land, unwillingly allowed by some, Vainly and ignorantly gloried in by others, Christ's glorious body so mangled, as with difficulty to be identified as his body : sect after sect rising up, divisions divided and subdivided. 25 until ingenuity itself is sorely taxed to assign to each new sect an appropriate appellation ; party striving against party, until the worst passions of our fallen nature he stirred up and let loose, and love and forbearance give place to " anger, malice, and all uncharitableness " ? Is not this, I ask, an un-scriptural, an un-Christian, a lamentable state of things ? Must it not mar and damage individual piety? Must it not stigmatize our national Christianity ? Can it do otherwise than act as a sore and grievous hinderance to the prevalence of the cause of Christ throughout the world ? Can we wonder that the mi serable caviller and infidel at home, or the awakening heathen abroad, should sneeringly ask, like one of old, " what is Truth " ? what are we to believe, seeing that it is difficult to meet with two professors of Christianity who are of the same mind, the same judgment in spiritual matters ; and what are we to think of a religion which produces discord instead of Unity, strife and hatred instead of love and peace ? Could such a religion proceed from Him " who maketh men to be of one mind " " in an house," and who is the holy, holy, holy, the God of love ? What answer can we make to such cavils and objections ? Verily, none but this ! Lay not these evils, these abominations, to the charge of the Christian religion, for she is not the mother of such a viperous brood ! Satan is their father, human corruption their mother, the names of their brothers and sisters may be found in the 5th chapter of St. Paul's Epistle to the Galatians, 19th to 21st verse. We are ashamed of them ! We mourn over them ! more especially as they give the enemies of religion opportunity, if not just cause, to blaspheme, and as they impede the prevalence of Christ's re ligion in the world ! And shall we not pray and strive against such a state of things ; shall we not each of us make an en deavour, a sacrifice, to lessen so dire an evil, or at least to wash our hands of our portion of the guilt of it? We have seen in this treatise what that Unity is, which Christ prayed might prevail amongst his disciples in all ages, the breaches of 26 which his Apostles declared to be carnal. We have seen where alone is the ground on which that fair edifice of Christian Unity can be erected ; we have seen what is that disposition which most hinders the goodly, the glorious work, the work of the Lord, from proceeding ! What then wait we for ? The Anglican branch of the Church of Christ has, from the Apostles' days, like a glorious river, wended its way through our favoured land, with its attendant streams, irrigating and fertilizing every portion, even the most sequestered districts of the same. True, its waters were, during a portion -of our national history, troubled and muddied by her apostate and persecuting Sister of Rome, so that she might well be called " Mara " ; but in his own good time, it pleased God to cause a Tree* to be cast into the waters, since which time they have been sweet and pure, refreshing the weary traveller, as he journeys across life's wilderness to his happy, his eternal home. Yes, the Church of England, with her cre dentials clear, carries her ministrations into every parish in the land, forming the rallying-point, the ground of Unity for all sincere Christians, who long to fulfill their Saviour's prayer ; and leaving those without excuse, who are determined to follow their own devices, to indulge the itching ear, to run about from place to place to hear " some new thing," and to listen to con flicting statements of doctrine from irresponsible teachers, until their moral senses are confused and stupified, and they are in utmost danger of abjuring the Bible altogether ! Seceders from the .Anglican branch of Christ's Holy Catholic Church, we exhort^ we beseech, we warn you against needless breaches of that Unity, or oneness, which Christ prayed might prevail amongst his disciples in all ageSj and which his Apostles enjoined, which is the beauty, the strength, and the glory, of his Church. We declare it to be our de liberate and solemn conviction, that salvation, in and through Jesus Christ, in all its plenitude, is to be had in communion * The Reformation. — Vide Exodus xv. 27 with the Church of England by every member of the same, who duly attends on her ministrations, sacraments, and ordi nances, and orders his life and conversation in accordance with the same ; and we therefore feel it our duty, faithfully and affectionately, to declare to you our firm and unalterable belief, that the Divisions which you cause, or cherish, are un necessary, unwarrantable, " carnal " ! It is in vain to tell us that we dissented from the Romish branch of the Catholic Church, and that you have an equal right to dissent from the Anglican branch. Your right, legal, to separate yourselves from us we dispute not, either on the above ground or even^Aa^ of your own will and pleasure ; nay ! we rejoice that you have that right, abominating as we do all manner of despotism, espe cially spiritual despotism ; but your right, Moral and Scrip tural, we do dispute on the above ground. We dissented from, and protested against, the Church of Rome, because she had grossly departed from the pure faith and practice of the Gospel, and because she could have no claim of jurisdiction, under any circumstances, in this realm of England. But the Church of England has the strongest possible moral claim to the allegiance of Englishmen, as being the Branch of Christ's Holy Catholic Church planted in this land in Apostolic times, if not by Apostolic hands, established from time immemorial by the laws of the land ; and though laying no claim to infallibility while carrying her inestimable treasures in earthen vessels, yet holding, administering, and inculcating, in the main concern ments thereof, all the saving doctrines, sacraments, ordinances, and precepts of the Gospel. We presume not to say, — God forbid ! God forbid ! ! — that those who dissent from us cannot be saved ! Just as well might we assert, that all who remain in outward communion with the Church will be saved ! Various are the motives from which men act, and, though a good motive cannot make a bad action, or line of conduct, good, yet it may, for Christ's sake, render the actor acceptable in the sight of God. To God is known the motive of every seceder from the 28 Church of England, be it an hereditary prejudice, ignorance, carelessness, self-willedness, pride of heart, or conscience, and with Him we are content to leave the matter ; but, meanwhile, we are bound to declare, on the foundation of the Bible, that there is such a sin as Schism, that our Scriptural Church leads us to pray to be delivered from it, that Christ prayed his dis ciples might be one, that his Apostles declared divisions to be sinful ! Anglican Churchmen ; inestimably great are -youv privi leges, correspondingly great are your responsibilities. You have been by baptism grafted into a true and living Branch of that Church, which was built on the foundation of Apostles and Prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner-stone : in virtue of which holy sacrament, you are, on condition of re pentance, faith, and the new and holy life, heirs-presumptive to all the blessings of the Gospel. Look well to it, we affec tionately beseech you, that these conditions are ftilfiUed in your daily life and conversation, for otherwise, we assure you, that baptism, so far from proving a sign and a pledge to you of salvation, will witness against you to your condemnation ! You are invited. Sabbath after Sabbath, to take your part in the most rational. Scriptural, and sublime services, services which have stood the test of ages. A Liturgy which has assisted the devotion, and borne on its wings the penitential confessions, hearty thanksgivings, and solemn vows of millions now in heaven. Creeds, which mark the struggles of your forefathers for " the faith once delivered to the Saints," and withal record their victories, and moreover, are still ^aX faith's best bulwarks. Collects, which breathe a language and a spirit peculiarly their own, a language ever new, a spirit inimitable, bordering closely on inspiration, of which, as they come round in their annual, nay, perennial rotation, it has been testified a thousand times that the last used ever seems the most beau tiful of all, and more lovely than ever it seemed before. A Litany, whose excellencies no pen can write, no tongue can 29 tell, which seeks at once to bring you upon your bended knees, as miserable sinners, begging mercy at the footstool of your Triune God, nor lets you rise until you have offered up your intercessory prayer in behalf of all your fellow-creatures, friends or foes, in whatsoever state of temptation or afiliction they can be placed, whether in sickness or in health, whether in want or wealth, whether in prosperity or adversity, whether occu pying a high or a low station, from the sovereign on the throne to the captive in the dungeon — of which we may safely and appropriately say, in language nearly similar to that of an Apostle, " here abideth faith, hope, charity : these three, but especially charity." A Communion Service, we boldly assert, unrivalled, in which more than Angel's food is offered to every penitent and believing communicant, in which . . . but I refrain from saying more, having already exceeded the limits I had proposed to myself Inestimably great, I repeat, Angli can Churchmen, are your privileges, correspondingly great your responsibilities. If salvation is to be had in this fallen world, I again say, it is to be had through Christ in communion with the Church of England, exclusively we say not, but cer tainly, so certainly, that no pious member of her, who in all its integrity follows out her system as prescribed in her own " Book of Common Prayer," can, if he persevere unto the end, fail of attaining it : an assertion, which he must be a bold man who would hazard, conceming the almost countless sects around us. Oh ! how great the guilt and danger then, of a mere formal churchman ! of one, who, having been grafted into the body of Christ's Church in baptism, and having, from his childhood and upwards, been religiously brought up " according to that beginning," yet, in after life turns his back, wholly or partially, on the beautiful and scriptural services of the Church, approaches God, in the use thereof with his lips only, whilst his heart is far from Him, or holds the truth in unrighteousness ! Oh ! how lamentably do such instances of unsound churchman- ship tend to confirm seceders from our Church in their course 30 of schismatical separation, and so retard the fulfilment, in this most Christian land, of our Saviour's prayer for the Unity or oneness of his disciples, which we have seen in this tract can only be effected, humanly speaking, on the ground of the Common Prayer Book of the Church of England. And if we have borne faithful witness in this tract against the sin of those who separate from our Church without cause, what shall we think and say of those of her sons, nay ! of her ministers, who have caused divisions within her Why, we say, we sincerely hope that they have been led into dangerous extremes by an error of the head, and not of the heart ; and we pray that they may return to a sounder judgment ! Meanwhile, we would beseech them to reflect, who hath said, "a house divided against itself cannot stand ; " but, if our charity misleads our judgment, if, in our desire to hope the best of our erring brethren, and in our prayer for their return to the very bosom of their spiritual mother, we are hoping against hope, if, while eating the bread of the Church, they are wilfully lifting up their heel against her, if, while hypocritically ministering at her pure altars, they have conceived the Satanic thought and design of handing her over to the tender mercies of her old and cruel enemy, her corrupt and idolatrous Sister of Rome, why, then, we tell them and their allies at Rome, that we haVe counted our cost, that we are determined, by God's help, to maintain ^Ae purity of our faith, and the independence of our Church, or perish in the attempt ; and that if they have not the honesty or the manliness to quit posts which they hold with so bad a con science, we will do our best in God's good time, if they dare to avow their anti-Anglican principles, to drive them from those posts.* And, oh ! dear brethren of the Church of England, * Since the above was written Mr. Newman and others have gone over to the Church of Rome. Such being their taste and temper, much as it is to be regretted that men should prefer error to truth, Jesuitism to plain, honest Church qf Englandism — the Church of England is to be congratu lated on their departure— on the principle that a declared enemy is to be preferred to a false friend ! And devoutly is it to be desired, both for their 31 whether fellow-ministers or fellow-members, who unite with me in loving her for the sake of the pure faith of which she is God's chosen citadel, and for the holy sacraments and scrip tural services by which she would lead her children to, or preserve them in that faith ; lift up your prayers and your hearts with mine to England's God and Saviour for the peace of our Jerusalem ; " peace be within her walls, and plen- teousness within her palaces, for our brethren and companions' sake," yea, for all our fellow-countrymen's sake, " we will wish her prosperity, yea, especially because of the house of the Lord our God," the branch of the holy Apostolic Church which he has planted amongst us, that branch of his Church which he has made so strong for himself, " we will seek to do her good." Let us pray : — " O God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, our only Saviour, the Prince of Peace, give us grace seriously to lay to heart the dangers we are in through our unhappy divisions. Take away all hatred and prejudice, and whatsoever else may hinder us from Godly union and concord, that as there is but one body, and one spirit, and one hope of our calling : one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of us all, so we may henceforth be all of one heart, and of one soul ; united in one holy bond of truth and peace, of faith and charity ; and may with one mind and one mouth, glorify thee, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen and Amen." credit and for our sakes, that all within the pale of the Church of England who have yearnings after Rome should as speedily as possible pack up their goods and chattels and follow their leader. T. Wai.esby, Printer, Briilge Street, Northampton. 3 9002 08844 3834 iiU.