.J. -.

THE
Augsburg Confession.
I r «
TRANSLATED FROM THE LATIN, IN 1536.
BY
RICHARD TAVERNER,
Translator of " 77ie English BibW'' 0/153^.

JVith the T^ariations of the English Translations, directly
or indirectly dependent thereon.
Edited for the Use of the Joint Committee of the General
CouNcii., the General S'stnod and the United Synod of
the South, charged with the preparation
of a Revised Translation,
BY HENRY E. JACOBS,
Secretary of the Committee-

PUBLISHED FOR THE JOINT COMMITTEE-

PHILADELPHIA :
Lutheran Publication Society.
1888.

Copyright, 1888,
BY M. VALENTINE AND H. E. JACOBS,
For the Joint Committee of the General Coundl, the General Synod, and
the United Synod of the South, of the Evangelical Lutheran Church.

PRESS OF
THE JAS. B. RODQEHS PRINTING CO
52 &. S4 N. SIXTH STREET,
PHILADELPHIA.

PREKACK.

Seventy-five years before the publication of King
James' or the Authorized English Version of the
Bible, the translation of the Augsburg Confession,
here reprinted, was prepared by Richard Taverner,
then Chief Secretary to Henry the Eighth's minis
ter, Thomas Crumwell. It is a memorial of those
negotiations with the Lutheran theologians at Wit
tenberg which not only for a time promised the
reformation of the English Church upon a thor
oughly Lutheran basis, but when this was not
accomplished, made the Augsburg Confession the
great source whence successive English ecclesiastical
formularies derived much of their material. Nor
was the translation of Taverner made only for the
ologians, but as the " Epistle of the Translator "
clearly shows, it was designed to be scattered broad
cast throughout the kingdom, "that the people, for
whose sakes the book was commanded to be trans
lated may the more greedily devour the same."
The ravages of time, and above all, the fires of per
secution, have made copies of this book exceedingly
rare. During the reign of Mary, as one of the
writings of Luther, Melanchthon, etc., it was classed
among the condemned books, which by the procla
mation of June 13th, 155s, it was a crime not only
to circulate, but even to have in possession, and to
destroy which "all justices of peace, mayors,
iii

iv PREFA CE.
sheriffs, bailiffs of cities and towns corporate," were
enjoined to '' enter into the house, or houses, closets
and secret places of every person of whatever
degree, being negligent in this behalf and suspected
to keep any such book, writing or works contrary
to this proclamation." But Lutheranism was,
nevertheless, destined to have an important place
among English-speaking people ; and one of the
copies that escaped the notice of the officers of the
Romish queen, has recently been secured for the
General Council in America, through the industri
ous researches and prompt action of the English
Secretary of the Church Book Committee, Rev. Dr.
B. M. Schmucker. To him also is due the discov
ery that the translation contained in the Harmony
of the Confessions of 1586, and reprinted, with
slight changes, in Hall's Harmony of 1844, was
either made upon the basis of Taverner, or resulted
from the correction of an inferior translation by the
free use of Taverner. When the Joint Committee,
charged with the preparation of a common transla
tion to be used by English-speaking Lutherans in
America, organized at Gettysburg, Pa., July T2th,
1888, Taverner's work was accordingly adopted as
the basis of ours, and the Secretary of the Commit
tee was instructed to transcribe it in a modernized
form from the old black letter-text, and to record
in foot-notes the varied readings of the Harmony
of 1586, and its successive revisions. It soon
became noticeable that the more thorough the
revision the more complete the return to this old
version. Writers on the history of the English Bible
warmly commend the attainments of Taverner as a
Biblical translator, and the vigor and care of his
renderings, some of which have passed into our

PREFACE.
English Bible. Of his version of 1539, which was
in reality only a revision of Matthews' Bible, Dr.
Eadie (History of the English Bible, Vol. I., p. 344)
says : " Taverner's scholarship appears on every
page in many minute touches." Westcott (History
of Eng. Bib., p. 216) says: "Taverner aims equally
at compression and vividness. . . In his anxiety
to keep to the Greek text he becomes even obscure
or inaccurate ; but he introduced substantial im
provements into the translation by his regard for
the article. . . It remains a monument of one
man's critical power." " Scarcely a page will fail
to show changes made for the sake of clearness and
force." Among a number of changes made by
Taverner, and incorporated in the Authorized Ver
sion, are "Parable" (previously "Similitude"),
" Ninety and nine," " Because of their unbelief,"
" Things of God," " Things of men," etc.
In this translation of the Augsburg Confession,
the marked individuality and versatile genius of the
accomplished classical scholar who fluently cited
the statutes of the land in Greek, of the well-versed
lawyer and diplomat, of the diligent student of
theology, of the industrious writer of sermons and
lay preacher, of the skilful translator of man)"- evan
gelical books who had learned by much experience
how well the Lutheran faith could find utterance in
the old English tongue, before its simplicity was
corrupted by stilted Latinisms, of the dauntless
confessor of the Gospel who bore bonds and im
prisonment, and was ready to lay down his life also,
for the faith which he so zealously advocated, even
of the slightly eccentric recluse, as quaint as he is
sharp, terse and forceful, are most plainly seen. As
loyal to the original as to the Gospel which it de
clares, his demands for exactness are such that fre-

vi PREFA CE.
quently, according to the usage of his profession as
a lawyer, he calls to his aid a pair or more of
synonyms in order to express the full contents of
a single Latin word. Thus e. g.. Art. I. " Ghost or
Spirit ;" Art. II. " Concupiscence or lust," " Dis
ease or sore;" Art. III. "Conjoined and knit,"
" A sacrifice and host ;" Art. V. " Favor and grace;"
Art. VI. "Ordained and instituted;" Art. XVI:
" Leaving, forsaking or giving over," etc. Similar
examples may be found in almost every page.
The translation was made by Taverner, not from
the Editio Princeps, found in the Book of Concord,
and which the Committee has determined to follow,
but from the second Latin, or octavo edition of
1 5 31. The variations, however, are mostly small,
many of them not sufficient to appear in a tran.sla-
tion. Where they affect the translation, they are
indicated in the foot-notes.
The fact that a limited number of copies of this
reprint have been provided for a wider circle
than the Committee, has induced us to write here
more fully than in an official publication we would
otherwise have done. We have hoped thereby to
render this heretofore inaccessible Lutheran classic,
whose sturdy English is more than half a century
older than that of the first productions of Shake
speare and Jonson, more acceptable to the con
stantly-increasing numbers of those who confess the
same Lutheran faith in the same English tongue.
H. E. J.
4303 Walnut Street, Philadelphia.
August 17th, 1888.

ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS,
BASED UPON, OR REVISED ACCORDING TO THAT
OF TAVERNER.

A That contained in the book with the following
title : " An Harmony of the Confessions of the Faith
of the Christian and Reformed Churches, which
purelie professe the holy doctrine of the Gos-
pell, in all the chiefe Kingdomes, Nations and
Provinces of Europe, the catalogue and order
whereof the pages following will declare. There
are added in the ende verie shorte notes ; in
which both the obscure thinges are made
plaine, and those thinges which may in shew
seeme to be contrairie each together, are plainlie
and very modestly reconciled, and if anie points
do as yet hang in doubt, they are sincerely
pointed at. All which things, in the name of
the churches of France and Belgia, are sub
mitted to the free and descrete judgement of
all other churches. Newlie translated out of
Latine arid English. Also in the end is added
the Confession of the Church of Scotland.
Alowed by publique authoritie. Imprinted by

2 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
Thomas Thomas, Printer to the Universitie of
Cambridge, 1586." i6mo, pp. 608 + 23.
B That contained in the modern reprint of the
above, known as :
" The Harmony of the Protestant Confessions :
Exhibiting the Faith of the Churches of Christ
Reformed after the Pure and Holy Doctrine of
the Gospel, throughout Europe. Translated
from the Latin. A New Edition, Revised and
considerably enlarged, by the Rev. Peter Hall,
M.A., Rector of Milstoh, Wilts ; and Minister
of Long- Acre Chapel, London. London : John
F. Shaw, 27 Southampton Row, Russell Square.
1844." 8vo, pp. 640.
C The translation edited by the late Charles Por-
terfield Krauth, D.D., LL.D., making extensive
changes in B by a comparison with the Latin of the
Editio Princeps. Philadelphia, 1868. l2mo, pp. 91.
Also found in "The Church Book " of the General
Council. C The same translation, still further corrected
by Dr. Krauth in Schaff's Creeds of Christendom.
New York : Harper & Brothers. First edition,
1877. Fourth edition, 1884. The translation is
contained in Vol. III., pp. 1-73. Comparison has
been made with the Fourth Edition.
C^ The same translation, read in proof, by Dr.
Krauth, and changed in several places, for " The
Book of Concord " (Jacob.s), Philadelphia : G. W
Frederick. 1882.
D A thorough revision of C, made by Prof
J. D. Jacobson, of Luther College, Decorah, Iowa,
and published with following title :
" The Augsburg Confession, translated from the
Latin Original, together with the three Gene
ral Creeds. Revised Edition. Decorah Iowa:

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 3
Lutheran Publishing House, 1878." i2mo, pp.
68.
Variations of C\ C^ and D from C are noted.
Where no mention is made of these translations,
they agree with C.
The aim has been to give every variation of A,
B and C from Tivferner. Where no mention is
made of any one of them,, it harmonizes with the
text above. Thus where a reading is designated
only A B, and no other letter occurs in that note,
C, C, C^, D have reverted to Taverner's reading.
Where C stands alone, A B agree with Taverner,
and C, C\ C^, D harmonize with C, except a uni
form variation of D below noted. Where A D oc
curs, A has corrected Taverner, B, followed by C,
C\ C^, has made a change, and D has restored the
emendation of A.
It must, however, be remembered that the Preface,
the Conclusion to Part I, the Introduction to Part
II, and the Conclusion of the Confession are not
found in A B, and Arts, xxvii, 42-47 ; xxvii, 39, 40,
owing to the variations between the Editio Princeps
of 1530-31, and the octavo edition of 1531, are
found only in C, and the translations which follow it.
Besides the variations indicated in the notes, D
uniformly changes the archaic into the modern form
of the verb, e.g., " Teach " for " Do teach," " Com-
pells " for " Compelleth," etc.

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THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.

THE
EPISTLE OF THE TRANSLATOR.

To the Right Honorable Lord Thomas Crum
well, Lord Privy Seal and Chief Secretary to the
King's noble grace, his humble servant Richard
Taverner wisheth continual health and prosperity.
Who can, unless he be mortally infected with the
pestiferous poison of envy, most highly commend,
magnify and extol Your Right Honorable Lord
ship's most circumspect godliness and most godly
circumspection in the cause and matter of our
Christian religion, which, with all indeferency do
not only permit the pure, true and sincere preachers
of God's Word freely to preach, but also yourself,
to the uttermost of your power, do promote and
further the cause of Christ, and not only that, but
also do animate and encourage other to the same.
As now of late ye have animated and impelled me
to translate the confession of the faith and the de
fence or Apology of the same, which book, after the
judgment and censure of all indifferent, wise and
learned men, is as fruitful and as clerkly composed
as every book was until this day, which hath been
pubUshed or set forth. But to the end that the
people, for whose sakes this book was commanded
to be translated, may the more greedily devour the
same, I do dedicate and commend it to your name,

6 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
and if any faults have escaped me in this my trans
lation, I desire not only Your Lordship, but also
all that shall read this book, to remember the say
ing of the poet Horace, which in Arte Poetica saith :
In opere longofas est obrepere somnum. That is to
say : In a long work, it is lawful for a man to fall
sometimes asleep. But, as touching Your Right
Honorable Lordship, I doubt nothing (such is your
inestimable humanity), but that ye will accept this
my little script, and take it in worth. Whom I
beseech the High God that he will vouchsafe to
further in all your affairs, to the glory of God, and
the advancement of his name. Amen.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
THE PREFACE
TO THE
EMPEROR CHARLES THE FIFTH.

Most Invicte^ Emperor Caesar Auguste, Lord
Most Gracious ¦? Forasmuch ^ as Your Imperial
Majesty hath summoned a parliament or assembly *
of the Empire, to be holden ^ at the city of* Aug-
brough, to the intent that there it might be consulted
and deliberated of the aids and succours to be had ^
against the Turk, that most bitter,* hereditary' and
old ^^ enemy of the Christian name and religion (that
is " to wit) how his furiousness and cruel enforce
ments might be resisted ^^ with durable and perpetual
ordinance and provision '^ of war : And then also"
of the ^* dissensions in the cause or^° matter of our
holy religion and Christian faith, and that''' in this
cause'* of religion the opinions or minds" of either^"
parties among themselves^' might ^^ be heard, un-
derstanded** and pondered" in presence of the said
' C Invincible. ^ C Most Clement Master. ' C Inas
much. *C Delete "Parliament or." For "Assembly''
read " Convention." ^ C Delete " To be holden.'' * 0 De
lete " The city of." 'C For "To the intent— had," sub
stitute " In regard to aid.'' ° O The most atrocious.
' O The hereditary. '" O Ancient. " C In what way.
'^ For " How— resisted," C Resistance might be made to
his rage and assaults. ^' C By protracted and perpetual
[D permanent] preparation for." " C " Because moreover."
'5 C Delete " the." '" C Delete " Cause or." " C In order
that. '* C Matter. '' C And judgments. ^° C Diverse.
"C Delete "Among themselves." ^^ O May. D Might.
23 G Understood. ^^ C Weighed. 7

8 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
parties,^ after a charitable fashion ^ with coldness
and soberness ^ on both sides,^ to be used ^' to the
end™ that the'' things which in the Scriptures ^^
have been otherwise than rightly ^ handled and **
understanded ^ by either parties ™ being set apart ^
and corrected, the matter^ might'' be ended,^"
compowned," and reduced*^ to one'' simple verity"
and Christian concord, so that from henceforth*"
one*^ sincere*'^ and true religion might** be of us*'
maintained'" and kept,*' that'^ like'' as we be'*
and do war under one" Christ, so^^ we might''
also live in one'* Christian Church in unity and
concord :
Forasmuch " also ^ as we the within subscribed*'
Corvestour, or*^ Elector and Princes with*' other"
to us conjoined,*' as well as** the*' other Electors,
princes** and estates*' were summoned"' to the afore
said " parliament or assembly,'^ because we would
obediently fulfil your Imperial commandment, we
'^^ O In each others' presence. ^* C In mutual charity.
" C Meekness and gentleness. ^^ O Delete. ^^ C De
lete. '» C Delete. ^^ C Those. '^ O Writings on either
side. »^ O For o. t. r., "Amiss." 3* C Or. ^^ q Under
stood, so C Delete b. e. p. " C Laid aside. ^ O These
things. «' C May. « C Delete. " C Humanized. *2 C
Brought back. « 0 The one. ** O Truth. ^ C Here
after. *" C The one. *' 0 Unfeigned. *« 0 May, D Might.
*' C Transpose and read : " By us." ^o c Embraced, ^i (jj
Preserved. ^^ C Insert "so." ^' C "As." ^* 0 "Are."
55 C For a. d. w. u. o. read : " Subjects and soldiers of the
one. 56 0 Transfer " Also." " q M^y, jy Might— 0 Also
in unity and concord we m. l, D Might also live in u ^ Q
Insert "the." ^s q Inasmuch. «» G Delete. "G Trans
pose to after " Princes '' and read : " whose names are sub
scribed." ^2 Churfiirst anglicized, G deletes ^^ G " To
gether with '' «* G " Others." 85 c Who are conjoined
with us. ^ G In common with. «' G Delete ^ C And
Princes. "^ G States. ™ G Have been called." " O Afore
named. " G For p. o. a., " Diet."

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 9
came with all speed and maturity to the aforesaid
city of Augusta," and (which we would no man
should judge to be spoken for boasting of our
selves),'* we were there with the first."
Forasmuch, therefore, as Your Imperial Majesty,
about the very beginning of this assembly and par
liament, did cause it to be propounded and moved
to the Corvestours,'* princes and other estates" of
the Empire, that all'* the states of the Empire, by"
the virtue of your proclamation and decree, ought
to exhibit and offer up their opinion and sentence
in the vulgar and Latin tongue.*' And*' after
deliberation *^ had the next Wednesday *' again,**
answer was made ** to your Imperial Majesty, that
we, for our part, would, the next Friday, exhibit**
the articles of our Confession. Therefore,*' in
obeying Your Majesty's will and pleasure,** we here
present unto you in this cause of religion*' the
confession of our preachers, and of ourselves, in
which it shall be openly seen what manner of doc
trine and of" the Holy Scriptures, and the pure
Word of God, they have hitherto" in our lands,
" G We have, in order to render most humble obedience
to the Imperial Mandate, come early to Augsburg. '* G And
with no desire to boast, would state that. " O Among the
very first to be present. ™ G When, therefore, Your Impe
rial Majesty, among other things, has also at Augsburg, at
the very beginning of these sessions, caused the proposition
to be made to the. " C States. ™ G Each of. '' G In.
™ C The Imperial Edict, should propose and offer in the
German and in the Latin language its opinion and decision.
81 G Delete. "' G Discussion. ^ G On Wednesday. «* G
Delete. *5 c We replied. ^ G That on the following Fri
day we would offer on our part. *' O Wherefore. ^ G In
order that we may do homage to the will of Your Imperial
Majesty. ^ G We now offer in the matter of religion. ™ G
Instead of "In which— out of," read: "The doctrine of
which derived from." '' G To this time.
2

10 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
dukedoms, lordships '' and cities taught," and have
treated'* in our" churches or congregations.'*
That" if also'* the other Electors, princes and
estates " of the Empire, with like writings in the
Latin and vulgar tongue, according to your motion
and propounding, will bring forth '"' their opinions
in this cause "' of religion, we here offer ourselves '"^
ready'" before'"* Your Majesty, as before'" our
most merciful "* lord, with the foresaid princes and
our friends lovingly to commune and entreat of
tolerable means and ways, to the intent "" that (so
much as honestly may be done '"*), we may agree
together "" and the matter being peaceably debated
without odious contention between us, the parties '"
(God wilhng '"), the dissension may be ended ; "^
and reduced "' to one true concordant "* religion,
as we all be'" and do war"* under one Christ,
"' according to "* the tenor of our proclamation,'"
and that'^" all things may'^' be brought '^^ to a
'^ G Delete. «' O Set forth. «* G Taught. ^5 q The.
^ G Delete " Or congregations." " G Delete. '* G Delete.
^ C States. ™G Should in the [C Like] writings, to
wit, in Latin and German, according to the aforementioned
Imperial proposition, produce. ^^^ C Matter. ^"^ G Trans
pose " Offer ourselves " to after " lord.'' '"^ G Pre
pared. "* G In presence of. "5 q Delete. i''« G Clement.
"" G In conjunction with the princes and our friends already
designated, to compare views in a kindly manner in regard
to mode and ways which may be available, so. "" G As
far as may be honorably done. "" C Delete, i'" G And
the matter between us of both parts [D Parties] being
peacefully discussed, with no hateful contention. "^ G By
God's help. '" G May [D Might] be removed. "^ C And
ID Be] brought back. '" G Accordant. "5 q ^^g ^jj
"5 G Subjects and soldiers. "' G Insert before " Accord
ing": "So also we ought to confess one Christ." "^ C In
accordance with. "' O The decree of Your Imperial Mai-
esty. "" G Delete. '^^ G Should, D Could. "^^G Brought
back.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 11
godly truth,'^ which thing we desire of God with
most fervent requests.'^
But if as much as attaineth to '^ the other '^* Cor
vestours,'^' princes and estates, which be '^ on the
other side,'^ this entreaty '" of the matter '" in such
sort as"^ Your Majesty hath'" wisely judged it to
be handled and entreated,"* that is,'" to wit, with
such mutual "* presentation of writings and peace
able conferring together,"' shall not proceed and go
forward,"* nor be done with "' any fruit and profit,'*"
here we do openly and solemnly testify by this our
writing left behind us,'*' that we refuse no manner
thing '*^ which may by any means help to the
obtaining and winning of the '*' Christian concord,
and such as may stand with God's law and good
conscience,'** as both '** your Imperial Majesty, and
the other Corvestours and estates '** of the Empire,
and finally '*' all which be holden with '** a sincere
love and zeal towards the Christian religion,'*' which
shall hear this matter with indifference,'™ shall by
this our confession know and understand.'"
"' O The truth of God. '" G Which, with most fer
vent prayers, we beseech God to grant. "5 G For " If —
to," read " Regards." "" G Rest of. "' O Electors. ^'^ G
Delete. '"' C Of the other party. ^ C Treatment. '^^ G
Insert: "Of Religion.'' ^^'^ G "The manner in which."
"' O Has. i5i o Thought fit it should be conducted and
treated. 1^5 c Delete "That is." "« G A mutual, i" G
Calm conference between us. ™ G Should not go on.
!»' O Attended by. "" G For f. a. p., read " result." "^ G
Yet shall we leave a clear testimony. "^ C That in no
manner do we evade anything. "' G Which can tend to
promo'te. '** G Anything which God and a good conscience
allow. "5 C And this. ^^ C Electors and states. '" G
Delete. '** G Who are moved by. "' G Love of religion
and concern for it. ^50 Q Who are willing to give an equi
table hearing in. '51 q will kindly gather and understand
from the confession of ourselves and of ours.

12 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
Forasmuch also as "^ your Imperial Majesty, to
the corvestours, princes and thother estates of the
Empire not once, but oftentimes hath lovingly sig
nified,'" and in the parliament, holden at Spira,"*
which was"' in the year of our Lord, 1526, accord
ing to the form of your Imperial instruction and
commission, caused it to be recited and openly
read,"* that Your'" Majesty in this business"* of
religion for certain causes'" there'*' alleged'*' in
Your Majesty's name,'*^ would not'*' determine,
nor could not'** conclude'** anything, but that
according to the office of Your Majesty, you
would diligently labour the matter with the bishop
of Rome that a General Council might be gath
ered,'** as the same thing '*' was more largely de
clared'** more than'*' a year past'" in the last
common assembly holden at Spires,'" where Your
Imperial Majesty,"^ by the Lord'" Ferdinand,
King of Bohemia, and of"* Hungary, our friend
and loving"' Lord, and"* afterward, by your"'
orator and commissaries,"* caused this,'" among
"^ G Since moreover. ^53 q jj^g jj^f Qfjjy. once, but re
peatedly signified to the Electors, Princes and other States
of the Empire. "* G At the Diet of Spires. '55 q Was
held. '56 (j Caused to be recited and publicly proclaimed
in accordance with the form of Your Imperial instruction
and commission, given and prescribed. "7 q insert " Im
perial." '58 c Matter. '59 q Reasons. '™ G Delete. '«' G
Stated. '«2 G In the name of Your Majesty. '^^ C Was
not willing to. '*' G Nor was able to. '"5 G Insert " Touch
ing." '^5 Q But tiiat Your Imperial Majesty would diligently
endeavor to have the Roman Pontiff, in accordance with
his office, to assemble a General Council. "" G As also the
same matter. '™ C Amply set forth. '"^ C Delete m. t.
"" G Ago. ''¦ G Public convention which was held at
Spires. '" G Transfer to after " Comm." '" G Through
His Highness. '"* G Delete. "5 G Clement. '™ G Delete.
'" C Through the. '™ G The Imperial Commissioners. ™ G
Transfer c. t, to before t. b. p. ; insteadof" this," read "these."

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 13
other things,'*' to be proposed and declared,'*' that
your Imperial Majesty had understood and ex
pended'*^ the deliberation and counsell of your
Lieutenant'*' in the empire and of President'** and
counsellours in your regiment,'*' and of the ambas^
sadors sent from the other estates, which assem
bled together'** at Ratisbon concerning a general
council to be gathered;'*' and also that'** your
Imperial Majesty did also, judge it to be profitable
that a council should be gathered;'*' and because
the matters which were then treated,'" betwixt'"
your Imperial Majesty and the bishop of Rome,'""
drew nigh to a concord '" and Christian reconcile
ment,"* your Majesty'" doubted not"* but that the
bishop of Rome'" might be brought in mind to
have "* a general council. Wherefore your Impe
rial Majesty signified unto us that we would
labor'" that the aforesaid bishop should consent
together with your Majesty, to gather such a gen
eral council, and with all expedition to send out
letters publishing the same.^' That if^' in this
180 Q Propositions. '^' G For proposed and declared, read
" made." '^^ G Known and pondered. '^^ G The resolu
tion to convene a Council, formed by the Representatives
of Your Imperial Majesty. '^* G By the Imperial President.
'^ G Delete i. y. r. '^^ q gy the Legates of other states
convened. '" For G see note 183. '^ G And this. '»» G
Also judged that it would be useful to assemble a Council.
"" G Were to be adjusted at this time. "" G Between.
192 Q -phe Roman Pontiff. "" G Were approaching agree
ment. "* G Reconciliation. "5 q imperial Maj. ""' G
Did not doubt. '" G The Pope. "^ G Could be induced
to summon. "' G That Your Imperial Majesty would en
deavor to bring it to pass. 2°° G That the Chief Pontiff,
together with Your Imperial Majesty, would consent at the
earliest opportunity to issue letters for the convening of
such a General Council. ™' G As the event, therefore, has
been that ; G ' G ^ In the event, therefore, that ; D For the
event, therefore, that.

14 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
cause ^^ of religion, the dissensions betwixt the
parties be not lovingly and charitably pacified and
ended ™' (which thing may chance),^* we here be
fore Your Imperial Majesty with all obedience do
offer ourselves ^' (which thing is more than is re
quired of us),^'* to appear^" and to make answer
ourselves ™* in such general free ^ Christian Coun
cil, of which to be gathered in all the empire, all
assemblies and parliarnents, which have been
holden and kept in the time and years of Your
Imperial Majesty, it hath been always entreated
and with full assent and agreeable voices con
cluded.™ Unto the which ^" general council, and^'^
also unto^" your Imperial Majesty, before this
time, in this most high and most grave cause, we
have, after due manner and form of law, provoked
and appealed.^'* To which appelation ^" unto your
Imperial Majesty and unto the said council,^'* we
yet do cleave and stick fast,^" neither we do^'*
202 G Matter. ™ G The differences between us and the
other party have not been settled in friendship and love ;
G' " Should not be settled " ; G ^ Be not settled ; D Shall
not have been settled. ^"^ G Delete. ™5 q Present our
selves before Your Imperial Majesty, in all obedience. ^"^ G
And in more than mere obedience, ready ; G ' ^ As we have
done before ready ; D Deletes parenthetical clause. ™' G
To compare views; C'^ Restores "To appear"; D To
confer with them, ^"s G To defend our cause. '<* C A
general, free and. ^'^ G For " Of which to be — concluded " :
Concerning the convening of which there has been con
cordant action and a determination by agreeing votes, on
the part of the Elector, Princes and other States of the Em
pire, in all the Imperial Diets which have been held in the
reign of Your Imperial Majesty. '"' G To this convention
of a. ^'^ G As. "» G To. ^'* G We have, in the due
method [D Manner] and legal form, before made our pro
testation and appeal in this greatest and gravest of matters.
^'5 G Appeal. ^'^ G Both to Your Imperial Majesty and a
Council. ^'* G We still adhere. "« G Nor do we.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 15
intend or can go from it,"' by this or by^^' any
other treatise,^' -unless the cause betwixt™ us and
the parties ^^' according to the tenor of the last
imperial citation ^" be lovingly and charitably paci
fied, ended and reduced to a Christian concord.^^
Of which ^^ we here also solemnly and openly^^'
protest. ^"G Nor would it be possible for us. ™G Delete. ^"G Do
cument. 222 Q Matter between. "^ G Other party. =^2* G
Should, in accordance with the tenor of the latest Imperial
citation. ^^5 q ge compared, settled [D Settled, adjusted]
and brought to Christian concord in friendship and love.
'^^ G Concerning which appeal. ^" G Make our solemn
and public.

16 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
THE
PRINCIPAL ARTICLES OF THE FAITH.

1. Of the Trinity.
les with fulP conse
that the decree of* Nicene Council' touching* the
unity of the Godhead or' divine essence and of the
three persons is true, and ought to be believed
without any doubting,* that is to say,' that there
is one deity or" divine essency," which is both'^
called and is indeed" God, everlasting,'* without
body, without parts,'" unmeasurable in power, wis
dom and goodness,'* the maker " and preserver of
all things, as well visible as invisible,'* and yet be "
three distinct^' persons all of one Godhead or
essency, and all of one power,^' and which ^- be ^
co-eternal, that is to say, the Father, the Son and
' A B G The. « A B G Common. ^ _^ B G Insert
" Among us." ^a -q Deletes " Do." * A B G Insert
" The." 5 c "Synod [Council]." « AB G Concerning.
' AB G Delete " The Godhead or." « A And without all
doubt to be believed, B C And without doubt to be believed.
' A B G To wit. '» A B G Delete " Deity or." " A B G
Essence. '^ABG Delete "Both." '^ A B G Delete.
'* A B G Eternal. '5 A B C Indivisible, G [Without part].
'" AB G Of infinite power, wisdom, goodness. '^ AB G
Creator. '» A B G Visible and invisible. " A B That
there be, G That yet there be, G ' There are. ™ AB G De
lete "Distinct." ^' A B G For "All of one Godhead-
power," read "Of the same essence and power." 22 r;
Who. 2'ABG Also are.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 17
the Holy Ghost. And this word (person) they
use ^* in the same ^ signification that other doctors
of the Church have in this matter ^* used it, so that
it signifieth ^ not a part or quality in another, but
that which hath a proper being of itself.^*
Heresies.
They, damn ^' all heresies of them that impugn
this article," as the Manichees who did put" two
principles or beginnings,'^ one good and another
bad," also'* the Valentians, the" Arians, the Euno-
mians, the Mahometists,'* and all such other."
They damn *' also the Samosatenes, both *' old and
new,*'" which were as they *^ contend *' that there is
but one only** person, they dispute of the Word
(which we call the second person) and of the Holy
Ghost, craftily and wickedly saying*' that they be**
not distinct persons, but that the Word (which we
as I said do call the second person)*' signifieth a
^* A B G And they use the name of person. *5 ^
B G For "The same," read "That." ^^ A B G In
which the ecclesiastical writers have used it in this
cause, G Adds to writers ["the fathers"]. "A B C
To signify. ^^^ A B G Properly subsisteth. ^"ABG Con
demn. ^"AB For "Of them — article," read " Sprung up
against,'' G "Which have sprung up against." ''ABC
Set down. ^^ AB Two beginnings, G two principles. '' A
Good and Evil, B G Good and evil, D One good and one
evil. '^ A B G In the same manner. " A B G Delete
article before Ar., Eun., Mah. ^^ B G Mahometans, C
Mohammedans. '' A B G Like. *° A B G Condemn.
*' A B G Delete. *'" D The old and the new.
*' A B G Who when they earnestly. *^A B Defend.
**A B C Delete. *'A. B For " They dispute— saying,"
read " Do craftily and wickedly dally after the manner of
rhetoricians about the Word and the Holy Ghost." G sub
stitutes "trifle" for "dally," but in other respects, follows
AB. D deletes "Do "of A BG. «A B G Are. «A B
G Delete parenthesis.

18 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
word pronounced with the voice,** and the Ghost
or*' Spirit signifieth " a moving" which is'^ cre
ated in things. 2. Of Original Sin.
Also they teach that after the fall of Adam,' all
men which be issued and derived^ according to
nature,' be* born with sin (that is, to wit'), without
fear * of God, without trust or assurance ' in God,*
and with a' concupiscence" or lust," and that this
disease, or sore,'^ or vice original," is indeed sin '*
which damneth and bringeth" even now also'*
everlasting" death to them'* which be not born
new again through " baptism and the Holy Ghost.^'
Heresies.
They damn ^' the Pelagians and other ^^ which ^
deny that this vice original ^ is sin,^ and (to the
utter defacing and abridging^ the glory of the
merits^' and benefits of Christ, they dispute^ that
*«A B C A vocal word. "A B G Delete " Ghost or."
5''A B C Delete. "^A. B C " Motion." 52^ -q q Delete.
'ABC Adam's fall. ^ A For " which— derived," AB
read "Begotten." 'ABC After the common course of
nature. *ABC Are. " K^Q Delete. "ABC The
fear. 'ABC Delete "or assurance." « AB G Him.
'ABO Delete. '» G' Fleshly appetite, D Evil desire
(concupiscence). " A B G Delete " or lust." '^ABO
Delete. '» AB Original blot, C Original fault. '*AB
Sin indeed, C Truly sin. '5 ABC Condemning and
bringing. '"ABC Transpose to after " death," A B Read
" Even now," G " Now also." "ABC Eternal. '«ABC
Upon all. '"ABC That are not born' again by. ™ G
Spirit. 2' ABC Condemn. ^^ ABC Others. ^^ _^ That,
BCWho. '* A B Original blot, C Original fault. "^ K.
B C To be sin indeed, D That this original fault is sin.
^•^ A B And that they may extenuate, C And who so as to
lessen. "AB Merit. '^ A B They do reason, C Deletes
" They," and reads " Argue."

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 19
man ^ of his own natural powers,^' without the Holy
Ghost, may satisfy the law, and be pronounced and
declared rightwise in the sight of God for the
honest works of reason.^
3. Of the Humanity and Divinity of Christ.
Also they teach that the Word (that is to say ')
the Son of God did take^ man's nature in the
womb of the blessed Virgin Mary, so that there be
two natures,' a divine nature, and an human nature*
in unity of person inseparably conjoined and knit,'
one Christ,* truly' God and truly' man, *born of the
Virgin Mary, truly suffering his passion,' crucified,"
dead "" and buried,'"' to the intent to bring us again
unto favor with the Father Almighty," and to the
intent to be'^ a sacrifice and host," not only for
original sins,'* but also for all actual sins of men.
The same Christ " went down to '* the " hell, and
truly rose '* again the third day, and then " ascended
to ^' the heavens,^' that he should '^ there ^ sit on ^
the right hand of the Father, and perpetually
^* AB C A man. '^^ K'&Qi May by the strength of his
own reason. ^^ For all that follows." ABC read " Be jus
tified before God."
'ABC Delete " To say." ^ A B G Took unto Him.
' A B So that the two natures, C So that there are two
natures. * AB G The Divine and the human. 5j(^Bin.
separably joined together in the unity of one person, C In
separably joined together in unity of person. " AB Are
one Christ. 'ABC True. « AB C Insert " Who was."
' A B Did truly suffer, G Truly suffered, D Who truly suf
fered. '»ABG Was crucified. '»» D Died. '»" D Was
buried. " A B That he might reconcile His Father unto
us, G "The Father;" in other respects as AB. "^ AB
And might be. ''ABC Delete "Host." '* A B The
original sin, G Original guilt. '5 _^b c Delete. '« AB G
Also descended into. "ABC Delete. '» A B Did truly
rise. '9 ABC Afterward he. 2o_^Bcinto. "AB
Heaven. ''^ A B G Might. ^' A B C Delete. ''^A B C At.

20 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
reign ^ and have dominion over all creatures,^*
and ^ sanctify ^ them which ^' believe in him, send
ing" the Holy Ghost" into their hearts, who'^
governeth," comforteth and quickeneth ** them and
defendeth" them against the devil and power of
sin. The same Christ shall openly return '* again,
to the intent" to judge as well the quick as the'*
dead, etc.," according to the Creed of the Apostles.*'
4. Of Justification.
Also they teach that men cannot be made right
eous' in the sight of ^ God by their own proper'
powers,* merits or works, but that they be freely
justified' for Christ's sake through faith when they
believe that they be taken again * into ' favor, and
that their sins be forgiven * for Christ's sake,' who
with " his death hath satisfied for our sins. This
faith God reputeth and taketh instead of " righteous
ness before him,'^ as Paul teacheth in the third and
fourth chapters to the Romans."
=^5 A B G Reign forever. 2" A The creatures. " A
B G Delete. ^^ G Might sanctify. ^^ AB C Those that.
""ABC By sending. ^^ A.'&Q Spirit. ^^ ^ B Which,
D To. 33 A May reign, B May rule, G Shall rule, D Rule.
3* AB G Comfort and quicken. ^^ K'Q Defend, C Shall
defend, D To defend. ^^ A B C Come, D Come again
visibly. "'ABC Delete " To the intent." "»ABC For
" As well— as the," read " The quick and." ""ABC De
lete. * C As the Apostles' Creed declareth these and
other things, D According to the Apostles' Creed.
' A B C ' Justified. 'ABC Before. 'ABC Delete.
* AB Power. 5 _^B But are justified, C But are justified
freely. "ABC Are received. ' A B Unto. ^ A B G
For " That— forgiven," "And their sins [D Are] forgiven."
" A B Through Christ. '"ABC By. '^ A B G Doth God
impute for, D God imputes for. '^ A B Himself. '" In
stead of entire sentence, A Rom. 3 and 4, B Rom. 3 : 26
and 4 : 5, G Rom. iii and iv.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 21
5. Of the Obtaining of Faith.
To ' the obtaining of this faith was ordained ^ the
ministry of teaching the Gospel, and giving' the
sacraments. For by the Word and by the * sacra
ments, as by instruments ' is given the Holy Ghost *
who worketh faith where and when it pleaseth God
in them which' hear the Gospel (that is to wit*),
that God, not for our own merits,' but for Christ,"
justifieth " those which '^ believe that they " be '* re
ceived into favour and grace," for Christ's sake.
Heresies.
They damn '* the Anabaptists and other " which
think'* that the Holy Ghost" cometh^' to^' men,
without any external or outward work,^^ by ^' their
own preparations and works.
6. Of Good Works.
Also they teach that this faith ought to ' bring
"forth good fruits,^ that men ought' to do good*
works commanded by ' God, because of God's will
'ABC For. D That we may obtain. 'ABC trans
pose verb to close of sentence, after " sacraments." G reads
" was instituted." "A Ministering. B Conferring. G Ad
ministering. *A B C Delete " By the," after " and." 5A
B By certain instruments. *A B The Holy Ghost is given.
G The Holy Spirit is given. 'ABC Those that. ^A B
Faith, I say. G Deletes "That is." "C Our merits' sake.
D For the sake of our merits. "> C Christ's sake. "ABC
Doth justify. "A B Such as. C Those who. '*C Trans
fers from end of sentence : "For Christ's sake." '*A B C
Are. '5A B C Delete " And grace." '^A B G Condemn.
"A B G Others. '°A B Who are of opinion. G Who
imagine. "C Spirit. '"A B C Is given. "A B Unto.
''A B G Without the outward word. '"A B G Through.
'AB Must. C Should. 'G Inserts "And." "A B It
is behoveful. *A B G The. 'ABC Of.

22 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
and pleasure,* but not that we should trust that by
the works we deserve to be justified in the sight of
God.' For the* forgiveness' of sins and justifica
tion is purchased " by faith, as testifieth also Christ,"
which saith," "When ye have done all things,"
yet'* say, we be" unprofitable servants.""" The
same thing** the old writers of the Church do
teach." For St.'* Ambrose saith : Hoc constitutum
est a deo, ut qui credit in Christum salvus sit, sine
opere, sola fide , gratis accipiens remissionein peccato-
rum. That is to say, "That" is ordained and in
stituted^' of God that who ^' believeth in Christ, is^^
saved ; without work,^' only by faith " freely receiv
ing forgiveness ^' of sins."
7. Of the Holy Church.
Also they' teach that'" one holy Church shall con
tinually remain.^ The ' Church is a congregation of
holy persons,* in which congregation or company,'
the Gospel is rightly * taught and the sacraments
rightly ministered.' And to * the true unity of the
"A B God requireth them. C It is God's will. 'A B And
not upon any hope to merit justification by them. C And
not on any confidence of meriting justification before God by
their works. "ABC Delete. "ABC Remission. '"A B G
Apprehended. "AB As Christ himself witnesseth. G
As also the voice of Christ witnesseth. '^A B G Delete.
'"A B C All these things. '*A B C Delete. '5A B G Are.
'5" adds (Luke 17: 10). '"ABC For "thing," read
" also," D. "A B G Do [D deletes Do] the ancient writers
of the church teach. '"A B G Delete St. '"A B C This.
™A B C Delete. "A B C He that. ^^A B G Shall be.
'" G Works. '*A B C By faith alone. '5^ -q q Remission.
' D They likewise. '" A B Insert " There is." ' A B
For "Shall cont. rem.," read "Which is to continue al
ways," C Reads " One Holy Church is to continue forever."
" A B Now the, C But the. * A B G Saints. ^ K'QQi
Delete "congr. or comp.' " AB Purely. 'ABC Ad
ministered. "ABC Unto.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 23
Church, it is enough to consent' of" the doctrine
of the Gospel, and ministration" of the sacraments.
Neither '^ is it requisite " that in every place be like
human traditions, rites or ceremonies, ordained and
instituted by men.'* As Paul " saith : " One " faith,
one baptism, one God and Father of all." '*
8. Of the Ministers of the Church.
Although' the Church properly^ be' a* congre
gation of holy persons,' and of* true believers, yet
nevertheless' since* in this life many hypocrites
and evil persons ' be " mixed among the good : "
it is lawful'^ to use the sacraments which be"
ministered '* by " evil men according to the saying'*
of Christ : " The scribes and Pharisees sit in the
chair of Moses,"" etc."" And'* the sacraments
and Word,'* because of the ordinance ^' and com
mandment of Christ be effectual, notwithstanding
they be ministered by evil persons.^^

'ABC Sufficient to agree. '" A B Upon, C Concern
ing. "ABC Administration. " G Nor. '"ABC Ne
cessary. '* A B That human traditions and rites or cere
monies ordained by man should be alike in all places, C
That human traditions, rites or ceremonies, instituted by
men, should be alike everywhere. "ABC St. Paul. "A
B G There is one faith. '^ D Adds (Eph, 4: 4, 5).
'ABC Though. ' AB To speak property. " C Be
properly. * C The. ^ ^ g c Saints. "ABC Delete.
'ABC Delete. « A B C Seeing that. " A B Men.
'" C Are. "ABC Mingled with it. '^ A B A lawful
thing. '"ABC Delete "Which be." '* C Administered.
" AB By the hands of. '* C Voice. "AB Moses' chair;
G Moses' seat; "" D adds (Matth. 23: 2). '" A B For.
'"ABC The word. ™ A B C Are effectual by reason of.
"ABC Institution. ^^ A B Though they be delivered by
wicked and eviJ men; C identical with AB, except that it
omits "wicked and.''

24 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
Heresies,
They damn ^ the Donatists and such like which ^
denied it to be ^ lawful for us ^* to use the ministry
of evil men in the Church, and which 2' thought*
that the ministry of evil men was unprofitable^'
and of none effect." 9. Of Baptism.
Of baptism they teach that it is necessary to
salvation, and that by baptism is offered the grace
of God,^ and' that children are to be baptized,
which * by baptism, being offered ' to God, be *
received into the ' favor and grace of God.*
Heresies.
They damn ' the Anabaptists which " disallow "
the baptism of children,'^ and say" that children
be '* saved without baptism.
10. Of the Sacrament of, the Altar.
Of the Supper of the Lord, they teach that the
body and blood of Christ be verily present ^ and be '
distributed'" to the eaters* in' the Supper or
^" A B G Condemn. 2* A B G Who. ^= A'B Said it was
not. ^" AB The people ; C deletes f. u. "ABC Delete.
^"AB Held opinion I C Held. ^"AB Quite without fruit:
G Useless. ""AB And effect; C Without effect.
' AB Touching. ^ ABC The grace of God is offered.
" A B Delete. * A And such as ; B And that such as ; C
Who. 5 _^B Be presented. "ABC Are. 'ABHis;
C God's. ''ABC Delete all after "favor." "ABC
Condemn. '" AB That ; C Who. " A B C Allow not ;
D Reject. '^ A B Of children's baptism. '"ABHold;
C Say. '*ABC Are.
' A B Touching. ^ A B Are there present indeed ; C
Are truly present. "ABC Are ; "* G Communicated.
*A.BG Those that eat. 5^^^ Qf.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 25
Maundy of the Lord,* and disprove them ' that
teach otherwise. II. Of Confession.
Of Confession^ they teach that private absolu
tion in churches' ought to* be retained and kept,'
although* in confession' the rehearsal* of the'
sins " be not necessary. For it is impossible, ac
cording to the Psalmist:" Delicta quis intelligit?
Who understandeth his sins?'^
12. Of Penance or Repentance.
Of Penance' they teach that they which after
baptism be fallen again into sin^ may be forgiven'
of* their ' sins * what time soever' they turn* and
repent.' And that the Church, to such which turn
to repentance" ought to" give the benefit of^
absolution. And penance standeth " properly in'*
* A B C For " The Supper— Lord," read " Lord's Sup
per." 'A B They condemn those ; G Disapprove of those.
'ABC Concerning, ^AB Insert after "Confession,"
" Of sins." "ABC Transfer to close of clause, before
"Although." BG Read " The churches." *AB Is to, G
Deletes, D restores ut supra. 5 A B C Delete " And kept."
"ABC Though. 'AB Delete, C Transfers to after
" Necessary." * A B A reckoning up, C Enumeration.
"ABC All. '" C Offences. " A B As the Psalmist saith.
'^ A B Who doth understand his faults, C Who can under
stand his errors, D Adds (Ps. 19 : 12).
'ABC Touching [D Concerning] repentance. ^ABG
Such as have fallen after baptism. "ABC May find re
mission. *AB Delete. 5 ^gc Delete. "AB Delete.
'ABC At what time. " A B Return again, G Are con
verted. 'ABC Delete " A. r." '"ABC Transfer " To
such — repentance," to close of sentence, after "Absolution,"
A B Read " Unto such as return by [G to] repentance."
" A B Is bound to, C Should. '^ A B G Delete " The
benefit of." '"ABC Now [D But] repentance consisteth.
'* A B G Of.
3

26 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
these two parts, that is to say, in" contrition which
is a fear'* driven" into the conscience, after that
sin is espied.'* And in " faith which is conceived
by the Gospel, or absolution, and which believeth^
that, for Christ's sake, the ^' sins be forgiven, and
comforteth the conscience, and delivereth^^ it from
errors and fears. ^ After that^ must^ follow good
works which be ^* the ^ fruits of penance.^
Heresies.
They damn ^' the Anabaptists, which " deny that
they which be" once justified may"^ lose the Holy
Ghost." Also those which'* contend" that to'*
some men so great perfection do chance " in this
life, that they cannot sin.'* They damn also the
Novatians " which *" would not absolve those that
were*' fallen after baptism, and came again *^ to
repentance. They reject and disallow also those
which teach not that *' remission of sins is given **
'5 A B C Instead of " That is— in," read " One is."
'"ABC For " Which— fear," read " Or terrors." " A
B C Stricken. '" A B Through the sight of sin, C
Through the acknowledgment of sin. '"ABC The
other is. ™ A B C And doth [D Believes] believe, "i Q
Deletes. '^ A B G Freeth. ^" A B C For " Errors and
fears," read "Terrors." ''^ ABC Then, ^s^gji^g^g
must, C Should. 2" A B G Are. "ABC Delete.
''ABC Repentance. >" A B G Condemn. ""ABC
Who. "'ABC For " They— be," read " Men." "'ABC
Can. ""ABC Spirit of Goa. "* AB G For " Also those
which," read " And do," D " And likewise those." "' A B
Stiffly hold. ""ABC Delete. "'ABC May attain to
such a perfection. "" AB G Can sin no more. ""ABC
In hke case the Novatians are condemned. ¦*" G Who.
*'ABC For "Those that were," read "Such as had.''
¦"ABC For " And came again," read "Though they re
turned." « A B For " They— that," read " They also that
teach that," G " They also that do not teach that " " A
BG Obtained.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 27
by faith,** but that it cometh ** by *' our own love
and works.** They be also disallowed and re
jected which*' teach that the" Canonical Satisfac
tions be " necessary to redeem everlasting pains or
pains of purgatory." '^
13. Of the Use of the Sacraments.
Of the use of the Sacraments they teach that
the Sacraments, be ^ ordained and instituted ' not
only * that they should ' be cognizances,* badges or
marks,' by which Christian men are discerned and
known from other people.* But rather ' they should
be signs and" testimonies of the will of God to
ward us," to stir up and to confirm faith in us
which '^ use them so propound." Wherefore '* we "
must so '* use the " sacraments, that faith be added
and put'* unto" them, to the intent^ we^' may be
lieve^ the promises which ^' be exhibited and
shewed ^ by the sacraments.
*5 AB Delete. ¦^ ABC Delete "But that it cometh."
From here on Taverner follows Editio 2. *' A B For, G
Deletes rest of sentence. ¦" AB " Or good works." *' A
B And such as, C, following Editio Princeps, substitutes
for entire sentence, " And who command us to merit grace
by satisfaction, are rejected." 50 ^ 3 Delete. "' A B De
lete. 52 A B Everlasting or purgatory pains.
'ABC Concerning. 'ABC For t. s. b., read " They
were." "ABC Delete " And instituted." *AB So much.
'ABC To., "ABC Delete. ' AB Marks and badges,
C Deletes "badges or." " For " By — people," ABC read
"Amongst men''; C, D "Among men.'' "For "But
rather," AB read "As that"; C inserts "That", after
"Rather." '"AB"And." " A B C Insert " Set forth "
after " us." "A B G Such as. "A B C Delete, as replaced
by "Set forth." '* A B G Therefore. '5ABMen, DThe
sacraments must be used. '"ABC Delete. "ABC
Delete. " AB As we must join faith, C As to join faith,
D So that faith is joined. '"ABC With. '"ABC De
lete "ABC Which. " C Deletes "May," and reads
" Believes." "ABC " That." "ABC Are offered and
declared unto us.

28 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
Errors.
They damn therefore^ those which ^* teach that
sacraments ^ even by their own proper virtue ^ do
justify, and which ^' teach not" that faith" is re
quired'^ in the using" of the sacraments, which'*
faith " may '* believe " that sins be forgiven.'*
14. Of Orders Ecclesiastic.
Of the ^ Ecclesiastical Order ' they teach that no
man'" ought openly* to' teach* in the church or
congregation,' or minister* the sacraments, unless'
he be duly and lawfully " thereunto " called and
appointed.'^ 15. Of Rites or Usages of the Church.
Of the rites of the church ^ they teach that such '
rites ought* to be kept' which may be kept* with
out sin,' and which * be ' profitable " to a " tran-
'5 A B G Wherefore they condemn. '"ABC That.
"ABC The sacraments; transfer "Do justify" to after
" Sacraments." '"ABC For " Even— virtue," read : " By
the work done." '"ABC Delete. ""ABC Do not teach.
"' In A B G the concluding relative clause immediately fol
lows its antecedent. "'ABC Requisite. ""ABC Use.
"* A B Delete. ""ABC Delete. "* A B To ; C Deletes.
"' C Believes. "'ABC The remission of sins.
'ABC Concerning. 'ABC Delete. "ABC Orders,
D The Ecclesiastical Office, "' D One. *ABG Should
publicly. ^ K.'S.Q Delete. "ABC Transpose to after
"Church." 'ABC Delete. ' G Administer. "ABC Ex
cept. '"ABC For " Duly and lawfully," read " Rightly."
"ABC Delete. "ABC Delete; A adds to Art. "Ac
cording as St. Paul giveth commandment to Titus ' to or
dain elders in every city,'" B inserts "also" after "St.
Paul'' and adds to sentence "Titus i : 5.''
' ABC Concerning. ' A B G Ecclesiastical rites. "A
BG Those. * ABC Are. " A B G Observed. " G Ob
served. 'AB Any sin. « ABC Delete. "ABC Are.
'" A B Available. "ABC For.

THE A UGSB URG CONFESSION. 29
quility'^ and a'* good order in the church, as" cer
tain'* holy days," feastful days'* and" like, yet ^
nevertheless^' of such rites and ceremonies,''^ men
be ^ admonished lest ^ their ^ consciences be cum
bered,^ as though^ such ceremonies^ be^' neces
sary to salvation. They be also " admonished that
man's " traditions ordained '^ to pacify " God, to de
serve'* grace, and to satisfy" for sins, be contrary'*
to the Gospel and doctrine" of faith. Wherefore
vows and traditions of meats '* and so forth," or
dained *' to purchase *' grace, and to *^ satisfy *' for
sins, be unprofitable ** and against ** the Gospel.
1 6. Of Political or Civil Matters.
Of political or ^ civil things,' they teach that law
ful ordinances for a public weal be * the ' good works
of God, and that it is lawful for Christian men to *
bear' office* and authorities,' to exercise" judg
ments, to judge things according to" the Emperor's '^
"A B Quietness. '¦'A B C Delete. '5A B G Such as are.
'"ABC Set. "G Holidays, D Holydays. '"ABC Feasts.
'"A B G And such. '" From here on to close of article A B
furnish no translation oi Invariata. The Variata (1540) ex
pands the thought to such an extent as not to be available.
" G Deletes. " C Concerning such things. '" G Are to
be, D Are. '* G That. '* C Deletes " Their." '" C Are
not to be burdened. " G If. '" G Service. '" G Were.
"" G Are also to be, D Also are. "' G Human. "' C In
stituted. "" C Propitiate. ^' G Merit. "" G Make satisfac
tion. "" G Are opposed. "' C The doctrine. "" C Concern
ing foods, D Restores "Meats." "" G Days and such like.
«• C Instituted. *' G Merit. '•' G Deletes. *" G Make
satisfaction. " C Are useless. *" q Contrary to.
'ABC Concerning. 'ABC Delete p. o. " G Things.
* A B G For " Lawful-be,'' read, " Such civil ordinances
as are lawful are." 5 G Deletes. "ABC That Christians
may lawfully. 'ABC May lawfully bear. " C Civil
office. "ABC Delete. '"ABC Sit in. "ABC De
termine matters by. " A Prince's or country, B Prince's
or country's, G Imperial. j

30 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
laws, or " other present laws of things "" and rulers,'*
to execute due punishments by the law," to hold
battle or war by the law,'* to be a soldier," to con
tract or bargain by the law," to hold a thing in
property," to take an oath when officers ^ do law
fully "' require it, to marry a wife, to take an hus
band.^ Heresies,
They condemn the Anabaptists which ^ inhibit
and ^ forbid ^ these ^* civil offices to Christian men.
They damn "" also those which ^ do not put ^ the
perfection of the Gospel in" the dread" of God,
and '^ faith, but in leaving," forsaking, or giving over
of political and** civil offices. For" the Gospel
teacheth the eternal ** righteousness of the heart, so
that it destroyeth not the political and civil govern
ment," but chiefly requireth'* the conservation" of
the same,*" as good ordinances of God,*' and to ex-
'" A B Delete, C Other laws in present force. '"' A
B Delete, G And. '^ A B C Delete. '" A B Law
fully appoint punishments, G Appoint just punishments,
. D Decree capital punishment. '" A B Lawfully make
war, C Engage in just war. "A Be soldiers, B C Act
as soldiers. '" A B Make bargains and contracts, C
Make legal b. a. c. '"A for " A-property " reads "Their
own." B C Property. '"ABC Magistrates. "ABC
Delete " Do lawfully." "ABC Or be given in marriage.
'" C Who. '*A B C Delete " Inhibit and." '5^ B C Trans
fer " Christians," instead of " Christian men " to directly
after " Forbid," A B Add " to meddle with." '" A B
Delete. " C Condemn, A B For T. d. read simply " as."
'« A B C That. '"ABC For d. n. p., r6ad " Place."
""ABC Not in. "'ABC Fear. "' C And in. "" A
B G Delete. "* A B C ' Delete " Or— and " "5 G Inas
much as. ""ABC An everiasting. "'ABC In the
meantime it doth not disallow order and governments of
commonwealths or families. D Does not abolish civil
government or the domestic estate. "'ABC Requireth
especially. ""ABC Preservation. Add : " And main
tenance." ^" A B C Thereof.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 31
ercise and practice charity in such ordinances.*^
Therefore necessarily Christian men ought to*'
obey their governors ** and their** laws, save** when
they command sin ; *' for then ** they be rather
bounden to *' obey God, than man," as it is .said in
the Fifth Chapter of the Acts."
17. Of the Resurrection.
Also they teach that ' Christ shall appear in the
end of the world to judge, and shall raise up again ^
all that be' dead, and shall give* to' the godly and
elect people* everlasting' life, and perpetual* joys,
but the ' wicked " men " and devils '^ he shall " con
demn to be tormented without end.'*
Heresies,
They damn" the Anabaptists which'* think"
that the pain of evil men and devils shall have an
end.'* They damn" also^" other which ^' nowa-
*' A B C As of God's own ordinances. *' A B C That
in such ordinances, we should exercise love. A B Add :
"And charity." *" A B Christians, therefore, must in any
wise, G same as A B, except " necessarily," for " in any
wise." "ABC Magistrates. «A B G Delete. •'"A B C
Add "only then." G'D Add "Only" without "Then."
*'A B G Any. ¦•" G Deletes. So D. ''"A B C Must rather.
5"A B C Men. ^i ^ Deletes. B G for " As Acts " reads
Acts V : 29.
' A B Transfer to after "that," " In the end of the world,"
C also transfers, but reads " Consummation." 'ABC De
lete. "ABC The. *AB Add "Unto men, to wit."
5 G Unto. "ABC Delete. 'ABC Eternal. "ABC
Everlasting. " C Deletes. '" AB C Ungodly. " AB
Delete. "ABC The devils. '" A B Shall be. '* A B G
Unto endless torments. '"ABC Condemn. '"AB That,
C Who. " A B Are of opinion. '" A B That the damned
men and the devils shall have ah end of their torments,
C To condemned men and the devils shall be an end of
torments. '" ABC Condemn. » ABC Transpose "Also"
and " Other," and read " Others." " C Who.

32 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
days^^ sow^' abroad'* Judaical^ opinions, that
before the resurrection of the dead^* the wicked
shall be oppressed in every place, and the good
men shall occupy and possess the kingdom of the
world.
1 8. Of Free Will.
Of Free Will they teach that man's will hath
some liberty to work civil ^ and outward' righteous
ness, and to choose out * things subject to reason,'
but* it hath not might' without the Holy Ghost*
to do ' the righteousness of God, spiritual righte
ousness." For a man left to the power of his own
soul (whom Paul calleth animalem hominem) per-
ceiveth not the things that be of the Spirit of God,"
but this righteousness '^ is framed and made" in the
heart, when '* the Holy Ghost is conceived by the
Word." This saith Augustine with like words " in
his third book of Hypognosticon."^^ "We grant"'*
" B Deletes, C Now. '^A Do spread, B Spread, C Scatter.
'* C Deletes. '^AB C Jewish. '« In what follows, AB " The
godly shall get the sovereignty in the world, and the wicked
be brought under in every place; " G The godly shall oc
cupy the kingdom of the world, the wicked being every
where suppressed.
' A B As touching, C Concerning. ' A B C A civil.
"ABC Delete a. o. '' AB C Such, D Between. ^ A'BC
As reason can reach unto, D That are subject to human
reason. "AB C'Add " That." 'ABC No power. «ABG
Transfer to after " Spiritual righteousness," and read
" Without the Spirit of God." "ABC Work '" A B
Justice. " A B For all sentence so far, read " Because
that the natural man perceiveth [G Receiveth] not the
things that are [C The things] of the Spirit of God," B C
Add I Cor. 2:14. '^ A B Power, G Deletes. '"ABC
Framed and made. '* A When as. '"ABC Men do
[D Deletes Do] receive the Spirit of God through the
word. '"ABC These things are in as many words affirmed
by St. Augustme. ''ABC Hypognosticon, lib. III., D
Hypognostica (8), lib. III. '« A B C- Confers.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 33
(saith St. Austin ") " that every man ^' having rea
sonable judgment^' hath^^ free will, not that he is
able ^' in things pertaining to God,^ without God
either to begin or at the least way to make an end,^
but only in the^* works of^ this present life, as
well^ good as evil. In^' good works (I say")
which" do'^ issue forth" of the goodness of
nature, as to will '* to labor in the field, to will to
eat and drink," to will '* to have a friend, to will to
have clothing," to will to make '* a house, to will "
to marry a wife, to nourish beasts,*' to learn a craft *'
of diverse *^ good things, to will whatsoever *' good
thing appertaineth ** to this present life, of the which
things none hath being ** without the governance of
God,** yea of Him, and by Him, they began to be;*'
evil ** works *' (I say "), as " to will '^ to honor to "
an image, or idol,'* to do " manslaughter, etc.
"A B G Delete. '" See Note 22. "ABC For " Having—
judgment," read " Which hath indeed the judgment of rea
son," and transfer to after " Free will." FA B G " There is
in all men a," etc. '^A B G It is thereby fitted. '*A B G
Transfer to immediately before " But only," and read " In
matters." ^5 ^g c por " At least— end," read " Perform,"
D At any rate perform. '"ABC Delete. "ABC Be
longing to. '"ABC Whether they be. "BG Bv. "° A
Affirm, B G Mean. "' A Those to be which, B C Those
which. "¦' ABC Delete. "" A Arise, B Arise out, G
Are. "* A B Be willing. "' ^ g c To desire meat or
drink. ""ABC Desire. "'ABC Desire apparel. ""A
B C Desire to build. ""ABC Delete " To will." *" A
B C Cattle, D Keep cattle. "'ABC Art. *' A
BG Divers. *" A B G Desire any. " AB C Pertaining.
*5ABC For "Of— being,'' read: "All which are not."
*" ABC God's government. " A Yea, they now are and
had their beginning from God ; B C Yea, they are and had
their beginning from God and by God. ''" AB In evil, C
Among e. *" ABC Things, "o A B C Account. 5iABG
Such as these. 5^ AB Desire. 5^ AB C Worship, "i AB C
Delete o. i. "5 a B Desire, G Will.

34 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
Heresies.
They damn'* the Pelagians and other which"
teach that without the Holy Ghost,** only '*" by the
strength '*" of nature,'*" we may'*'' love God above all
things,'*^ and do " the precepts *' of God, as touch
ing the substance of the acts *' (as they call it).*^
For though " nature can somewhat ** do outward **
works (for nature may keep her hand ** from killing
men),*' yet she** cannot work the inward motions,
as *' the dread " of God, the " trust in God, chastity,
patience, etc.'^
19. Of the Cause of Sin.
Of the cause of sin they teach that although ^
God doth create and conserve' nature,* yet the
cause of sin is the will of them that be evil,' that
is to say,* of the devil, and of the * wicked ' men,
which will (when God helpeth not) " turneth itself
from God, as Christ saith in the Eighth Chapter
of John:" "When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh
of himself" '^
'"ABC Condemn. "'ABC Others who. "s _^ g q
Transpose clauses " W — Ghost " and " Only — Nature." and
read " Without the Spirit of God." "^a g q Delete. 58b _^b
Power, G Powers. 58o ^ g Nature only, C Nature alone.
5«'' A B C Are able. 58ej^B Delete Things. 59_^boA1so
to perform. ""ABC Commandments. "'ABC Our actions,
DThe actions. "'ABC Delete. "" A B C Although, A
Although that. "* AB C Be able in some sort to. "" AB
C The external. "" AB G It is able to withhold the hands.
"'ABC Theft and murder. "" A B C It. "" G Such as.
'"ABC Fear. "ABC Delete. " A B Delete, C And
such like.
'ABC Touching, D Concerning. ' A B Albeit. "ABC
Preserve. * AB Our nature. " A B G For " Them— evil "
read: "The wicked. "ABC To wit. 'BG Delete.
"ABC Delete. "ABC Ungodly. '" A B Being desti
tute of God's help, C God not aiding. "ABC Transfer
designation of passage to close and read John 8 I B C " 44"].
"ABC His own.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 35

20. Of Good Works.
Our' teachers^ be' falsely accused that they
prohibit and forbid * good works. For their wri
tings which go abroad of the Ten Command
ments, and other" of like' matter,* do' witness
that they have taught profitably " of all kinds of
living" and offices,'^ as" what kinds'* of living"
and what works do please God in every calling."
Of which things preachers heretofore spake but"
little,'* only they magnified" and did set forth ^°
childish^' and unnecessary^^ works; as certain^
holy days,^ certain fastings,^ fraternities, guilds
or brotherhoods,^ pilgrimages, worshippings^ of
saints, rosaries,^ entering into religion,^' and such
other like." Our" adversaries, though our moni
tion,'^ do" now unlearn'* and leave this gere," so
that they preach not'* these unprofitable works so
' G Ours. ' A B Divines. C Deletes. "ABC Are.
' For " That— forbid," A " To forbid," BG "Of forbid
ding." "ABC Extant upon. "ABC Others. ' A B
G The like. » A B G Argument. " A B G Do bear. D
Deletes " Do." '"ABC To good purpose taught. " A
B G Every kind of Ufe, A Duties, B C Its duties. '" A
B C Delete. '* A B Trades. '"ABC Life. '"ABC
Transpose " Do please God," to after " calling," D Deletes
" Do." "ABC In former times taught. '"ABC Add,
" or nothing." '" A B Did urge, G Urged. '"ABC
Delete a. d. s. f. " Certain childish. "ABC Needless.
'"ABC Keeping of, D " Fixed." '* C Holidays, D
Holy days. "ABC Set fasts. '"ABC Delete g. o. b.
"A B C Worshipping. '^A Friaries. G The use of rosaries.
'" Monkeries, B C Monkery. "" A B Such trash, G Such
like things. "'A B C Whereof our. "'A B C Having had
warning. ""ABC They do, D They. "* A B Forget.
"'ABO Substitute for whole clause " them.'' ^" A B . And
do not preach so concerning, G And do not preach con
cerning. "' A B As they were wont to do, C As they were
wont.

36 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
much as they did before." Furthermore'* they
began" to make mention of faith, of the which
now this great while hath been marvelous silence,*"
though*' they cease not to obscure and darken
the*^ doctrine of faith, in that*' they leave men's
consciences** in a*' doubt, bidding them** pur
chase remission of sins with *' works. But they **
teach not, that through Christ, by only faith, we
may be sure to have remission of sin.*' Foras
much, therefore, as " the doctrine of faith (which
ought to be" the chiefest and principal'^ in the
Church) hath lain " so long unknown, as we must
all needs confess'* that of the righteousness of
faith, most deep and profound silence hath been in

""ABC Besides. ""ABC Begin now. « A B
Which they were wont to pass over [A With. B In.] sil
ence, C Concerning which there was formerly a deep sil
ence. *' A B But yet, C From this point, until close of
next sentence ending " remission of sins," entirely diverges.
(See below, Note 49.) *' A B This. « A B While. ** A
B The conscience. *" ^ B Delete. *" A B And would
have men to merit. "AB By their. """AB And. *"AB
" That we do by faith alone undoubtedly receive remission
of sins, for Christ's sake.'' After "silence" (N. 40.) until
here. Taverner and AB follow the Latin Ed. 2 (8vo. 1531),
which reads : Etsi non desinant obscurare doctrinam fidei,
cum relinquunt diibias conscientias, et jubent merert retnis-
sionem peccatorum operibiis. Nee decent quod sola fide prop
ter Christum certo accipiamus remissionem peccatorum. C
correcting by Ed. Princ. " They teach that we are not jus
tified by works alone, but they conjoin, [D Join,] faith
and works, and say, we are justified by faith and works.
Which doctrine is [D Indeed] more tolerable than the
former one, and can afford more consolation than their old
doctrine." "" A B When as, therefore. G Whereas,
therefore, "i ^ B C Which should be especially above
others. 52 ^ B Taught, C The chief one. ""ABC Been.
5* A B C As all men must needs grant.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 37
preachings," (and that"" alonely'* the doctrine of
works hath been exercised and conversant in"
churches), therefore (I say)'* our teachers" have
warned and monished*' the churches of faith, in
this wise as followeth,*' first that our works cannot
reconcile God unto us, or deserve remission of
sins and*^ grace, and justification,*' but this** we
get ** only ** by faith " believing that only ** for
Christ's sake,*' we be received into favor, who
only" is set forth, and purposed unto us a'^
mediator and a mercy stocke " by whom the
Father is reconciled,'* and his favor gotten again."
Therefore he'* that trusteth to deserve favor, or
grace, with works," despiseth'* the merit and grace
"A B That there was not a word of the righteousness of
faith in all their sermons. C That there was the deepest
silence about the righteousness of faith in their sermons.
65a While. 5"A B Transfer to after " works " and read
" only." C Deletes. D Restores and harmonizes with A B.
5' ABC "For "Hath— in," read " Was usual in the," D
" Was taught in the." '"ABC For this cause. 59 A B C
Divines. "" AB C Did thus admonish. "'ABC Delete
" Of faith— followeth." "'ABC Delete. ""ABC Add
"At his hands," D Deletes, reverting to Taverner. "* C
That these. "" A B Must obtain. G Obtain. "" A B De
lete, G Transfers to after "Faith." "'AB While we be-
Heve, G When we believe. ""ABC Delete. ""ABC
Transpose f. c. s. to after " Favour." '"ABC Alone.
"ABC For "Set— a," " appointed the." '" A B Inter
cessor, C Propitiatory, ABC Delete " A." On "Mercy
stocke," Wescott {History of English Bible, p. 217). "Tyn-
dale, followed by Coverdale, the Great Bible, etc., strives
after an adequate rendering of ilaaiwg- ( I John 2 : 2) in the
awkward periphrasis, ' He it is that obtaineth grace for our
sins ; ' Taverner boldly coins a word which, if insufficient is
yet worthy of notice : ' He is a mercystock for our sins.' "
'*A B G Add " To us." '5 A B G Delete all after " Recon
ciled." '"A B C Transpose " He " and "Therefore." "A
B G For " To— works," read " By his work to merit grace."
'"A B G Doth despise.

38 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
of Christ, and seeketh a way and coming to God
with man's power, without Christ," where as
Christ said*' of himself: " I am the way, the truth
and the life." *' This doctrine of faith is every
where treated in Paul,*^ as to the Ephesians 2:*'
" By grace are ye made safe ** through faith, and
that not of yourself;*' it is the gift of God, not of
works," etc.** But here lest peradventure a man
would make cavillations,*' and craftily say for him
self against us,** that we have devised and found
out this new interpretation of Paul,*' I say that all
this cause or matter hath, for the maintenance of
it, the authority and witness of old and ancient
Fathers." For St." Augustine in many volumes
defendeth'^ grace and righteousness" of faith,
against merits '* of works. And St. Ambrose doth
teach like things" in the'* book entitled" "Of the
Calling of the Gentiles,'* and other." For in the
book, " Of the Calling of the Gentiles," he saith in
'"ABC For all after "Seeketh" read "By his own
power, without Christ, to come unto the Father," D
" Without Christ, by human powers." "" A Hath said
and expressed, B C Hath said expressly. "' B C
John 14 : 6. "' A B " Handled by Paul almost in every
epistle," G "Everywhere," in other respects as A B, D
Deletes "Almost." »" B G Delete, A Eph. 2. "* A B Ye
are saved freely, C By grace are ye saved. "5 ^g q Your
selves. "" B G Add Eph. 2 : 8, 9. ".'ABC And lest any
here should cavil. "" AB G Delete " And -us." ""AB
G We bring in a new-found [D Novel] interpretation.
""AB For from "I say," on, read " This whole cause is
underpropped with testimonies of the Fathers," C harmon
izes with A B, except "Sustained" for " Underpropped." "'A
B C Delete " For St.," D Restores it. "'ABC Doth in
many volumes defend. ""ABC The righteousness. "* A
B G The merit. ""ABC The like doth [D St.] Ambrose
teach. ""ABC His. "'ABC Delete. ^^A.'^C De Voca
tions Gentium. ""A B G Elsewhere.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 39
this wise:"' "The redemption of" the blood of
Christ were but vile,"^ and little worth,"' neither"*
the prerogative of man's works should'" give place
to the mercy of God, if righteousness"* which is
made '" by grace were due to the "* merits going
before, so that '" it should not be the gift '" of the
giver, but the reward "' of the worker."^ But now,
although this doctrine is contemned, and little set
by of them that be ignorant and lack knowledge,"'
yet good"* and fearful"*" consciences'" do know'"
by experience how comfortable it is ; "' for "* con
sciences "' cannot be made quiet'^' and at rest'^' by
any works, but alonely by faith,'^^ and that is when
they be assured and decree for a certainty '^' that
through Christ God is appeased,'^* like'''^ as Paul'^
teacheth, Rom. 5,'^ saying:'^ "When we be made
righteous by faith, we be at'^' peace with God."
All this doctrine is to be referred '" to the conflict
or battle "' of a troubled conscience, and, without
""ABC For thus he saith, AB In the forenamed place,
C Of the calling of the Gentiles. '"'ABC Made by. '"'AB
C Would be of small account. '""AB G Delete a. 1. w. '»*A
BGAnd. '""ABC Would not. '""ABC The justification.
'"'AB G Delete. '"» AB G Delete. '""ABC As, D That.
""A B G Liberality. '"A B G Wages or hire, D deletes o. h.
"' A B G Laborer. ""Instead of " But — knowledge,"
ABC "This doctrine, though it be contemned of the
unskilful," A adds " Sort." "* AB The godly, G Godly.
"*» Alarmed. "" AB Consciences. ""AB Doth find, G
Find. '"ABC That it bringeth very great comfort.
""ABC Because that. ""A The consciences, B Men's
consciences. ""ABC Quieted. '"ABC Delete a. a. r.
'"ABC Faith alone. "" Instead of " And— certainty,"
AB "When as they believe assuredly;" so C, omitting
"As." "* AB God is appeased towards them for Christ's
sake, C They have a God who is propitiated for Christ's
sake. "5 ABC Delete. "" G' St. PauL "',BGV. i.
""ABC Delete. ""ABC Being justified by faith, we
have. '""ABC This doctrine doth wholly belong, D
Must be wholly referred.

40 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
this conflict,"^ it'" cannot be well"* understood.
Wherefore men, without knowledge, and which be
unlearned in the Scriptures,'" do judge amiss of
this matter,"* which '" dream that Christian right
eousness is nothing'" else but civil'" and philo
sophical righteousness.'*" In times passed,'*' con
sciences '*^ were vexed with the doctrine of works ;
but they heard not the '*' comfort out of the Gos
pel. Some, their consciences'** draw out'*' into
wilderness,'** into Monasteries, and places of reli
gion,'*' trusting that'** there they should'*' merit
and get '" grace,"' with solitary and "^ monastical
life. And diverse men'" found out"* diverse'"
works, to win"* grace'" and to make satisfaction"*
for their"' sias.'*' Wherefore it was greatly need
ful '*' to teach and to "^ renew this doctrine of faith

'"'A B C Delete " Or battle." '"'A B G Transfer " With
out— conflict " to after "Understood"; ABC read: "But
where the conscience hath felt " ; A B A conflict ; C This
conflict; D " Of a terrified conscience.'' '""ABC Delete.
'"* G Deletes. '""ABC All such as have had no experi
ence thereof, and all that are profane men, D Worldly-
minded. '""ABC Transfer " Do -matter " to close of sen
tence, AB " Are evil judges," C "Are poor judges." '"' C
Who. '""ABC Naught. '""ABC A civil. '"A B Right
eousness. '*'AB In former ages, C Formerly. '*'ABC
Men's consciences. '*" AB Never heard any, C Did not
hear any. '"ABC Whereupon consciences.' '^^A Drave
some, B C Drove some, D Were driven by conscience.
'*"AB Delete " In— wilder.," C reads "Into the desert."
"'ABC '*"ABC Hoping. '*"ABC For "They
should," read " To." '"» AB C Delete. '"'ABFavor.
'5' ABC Delete "With— and," and read "By a." '5" A
BG For "And— men," read "Others." '"' C Devised.
'""ABC Other. '5" A B G Whereby to merit. '5' A B
Favor. '5" A B C Satisfy. '5" AB C Delete. '""ABC
Sin. '"'ABC There was very great need, therefore.
'"' C Deletes, A B Transpose " To teach this doctrine of
faith in Christ, and, after so long time, to renew it."

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 41
in Christ, le.st'*' fearful'*'" consciences should lack'**
comfort, and that they might learn'*' that grace,
remission'** of sins and justification may be attained
through '*' faith in Christ. Also men be monished
and warned that here '** the name of faith doth not
signify only '*' the '" knowledge of the history,
such as is the faith in wicked men'" and devils,"^
but doth signify'" the"* faith that"* believeth not
only the history, but also the effect of the history,
that is to say,"'" this"* article of remission of sins,
I mean (to speak more plainly) '" that through "*
Christ, by Christ's merits and for Christ's sake,'"
we may'*' have grace, righteousness and remission
of sins. Now he that knoweth that through Christ
he hath the Father merciful and favorable to him,'*'
he truly knoweth God,'*^ he knoweth that God is
careful for him,'*' he loveth God,'*'" and calleth
upon him, and (shortly to conclude)'** he is not
without God,'*' as the Gentiles be;'** for'*' devils'**
and wicked men '*' cannot '" believe this article of
'""AB C To the end that. '"""D Terrified. '"*AB G Might
not want. '""ABC But might know. '""ABC And
forgiveness. '"' AB Were apprehended and received by,
G Were received by, G' Are received. '"" ABC Another
thing that we teach men is that in this place, D Men are
also admonished. '"" AB C Not only signify. "" A A
bare, B C A. '"ABC Which may be in the wicked.
'" A And is in the devil, B C And in the devil. "" A It
signifieth, B C That it signifieth. "* AB G A. ""ABC
Which. "5" A B G To wit. "" ABC The. '"ABC
For " I— plainly," read " Namely." ""ABC By. ""A
B G Delete " By— sake." '""ABC Delete. '"' C Trans
poses, That he hath the Father merciful to him through
Christ, A B That the Father is merciful to him through
Christ, D That he has a merciful Father through Christ.
'"'ABC This man [D Such a man] knoweth God truly.
'""ABC Hath a care of him. '"**^ D Deletes h. e. G.
'"* A B C In a word. '"'A B Add, " In the world." '"" A
B G Are. '"'A B As for. '""A B C The devils. '"" A B
C The wicked. '"" A B They can never, G Can never.
4

42 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
remission"' of sins. Therefore,"^ they hate God
as an'" enemy, they call not upon him, they look
for no goodness of him."* Augustine also doth
warn"' the"* reader of the name of faith, after like
manner,'" and teacheth that this word (faith) in
Scripture"* is taken not for knowledge, such as is
in wicked men,"' but for trust ™ which doth com
fort and raise ^" up fearful and trembling^'^ minds.
Furthermore^" our men^'* teach"" that it is
necessary ^* to do good works, not that we should
trust ^' to deserve grace by them, but because it is
the will of God that we should do them.'"'" Re
mission of sins and peace of conscience is taken
alonely by faith.^'* And because^' the Holy
Ghost ^" is taken through^" faith, therefore forth
with ^'^ hearts are renewed,^" and endued with ^'* new
affections, so that they may^" bring forth good
works, for so^" saith Ambrose, that^" faith is the
mother and bringer forth and getter^'* of good^"
'"'A B G The remission. '"'A B G And therefore. '""A B
C Their. '"*AB C Good things at his hands. '""ABC After
this manner doth, [D St.] Augustine admonish. '""A B His.
'"'ABC Transfer to beginning of sentence, See note 195.-
'""ABC Transfer to after " taken," A The Scriptures,
B G Scriptures. '""ABC Such a knowledge as is in the
wicked. '""ABC A trust. B G Add, " and confidence."
'"' A B Cheer, C Lift. '"'ABC For f. a. t., read " Dis
quieted," D " Terrified." '""ABC Moreover. '"* A B
Our divines, C Ours. '"" A B Do teach. '"" A B Requi
site. '"' A Not for to hope, B Not that we may hope, G Not
that we may trust. '""^ D Deletes " That— them." '»" A
B delete entire sentence, G Transposes : " By faith alone
is apprehended remission of sins and grace." Notice varia
tions of Ed. 2. '"" A B Add, that. ""ABC Spirit "'
ABC Received by. "' A B Instead of t. f., read " Our."
"" A B Presently renewed, C Now renewed. "* A B Do
put on. C So put on. ""ABC Are able to. "" G Thus
'"ABC Delete. "" A B Instead of " Mother— getter,"
J,^ .'.l^^®^*^^'''" ^ Begetter, D Retains only " Mother."
""ABC A good.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 43
will, and of just and righteous doing.^™ For man's
power,^" without the Holy Ghost,''^ {3223 f^u ^f
wicked affections, and more weak and feeble than
it can do^^* works that be good^^ before God.
Moreover it is under the dominion of the devil,^^*
which ^^ driveth^^'" men violently ^^ to diverse ^^'
sins, to wicked ™ opinions, to manifest and open ^'
crimes as we may see in^'^ philosophers, which
although they endeavored themselves to live hon
estly,™ yet they ^'* could not bring it to pass,^" but
were contaminated and polluted ^'* with many open
crimes.^" Such is the imbecility and feebleness ^¦^
of man, when he is without faith and the Holy
Ghost,^" and governeth himself alonely with his
own strength.^*'
By this it is open enough ^' that this doctrine is
not to be accused, as prohibiting^*^ g od works, but
much^ rather to be lauded and praised^* as show
ing to us ^*' how we may ^** do good works ; for
""ABC Good actions. '"AB G Powers. '="ABC Spirit.
""A B G Are. "*A B C Weaker than they can do, G* Too
weak to perform. D Too weak to do. '"A B G Any good
deed. ""A B C Besides they are in the devil's power. '" G
Who. '"" D Impelleth. ""ABC Forward. D Deletes.
""ABC Into. [D To] divers. '""ABC Into profane.
2" A B Instead of t. in. a. o. : " Into very heinous,'' C
" Into heinous," D Into manifest. '"'ABC As was to
[D May] be seen in the. '"" ABC Who assaying to live
an honest life. '"¦'ABC Delete. '^^ K'QG Attain unto
• it. '"" A B Defiled themselves, C Were defiled. '"' A B
With open and gross faults, C With many heinous [D
Manifest] crimes. '""ABC Instead of " Imb-feebleness,"
read " Weakness." '"" ABC Spirit. '« A B C Instead
of " Governeth — strength," read, " Hath no other guide but
the natural powers of man." '*' A B G Hereby every man
may see, [D It may be clearly seen.] '*' A B C Forbid
ding. '"ABC Delete. '"ABC Is much to be com
mended. ™ ^ B c Because it showeth. «*" A B C After
what sort we must [D In what manner we may be able to.]

44 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
without faith, the nature of man can, in no wise,"'
do^* the works of the First and"' of the^ Second
Precept ; ^' without faith, a man maketh not invoca
tion to^^ God, he looketh for nothing of ^' God, he
beareth not the cross,^* but seeketh for man's
help,^' trusting in man's help.^* So,^' in the heart,
reigneth all manner of lusts and desires, and human
counsels,^ when faith ^' is away,™ and trust to
ward God,^' wherefore^' Christ also said that:^
"Without me ye can do nothing," John 15,^** and
the Church singeth : " Without Thy influence,^
nothing is ^* in man, nothing is unguilty."^*'
21. Of Honoring of Saints.
Of honoring' of saints, they teach that the
memory or remembrance^ of saints may be pur
posed or set forth,' to the intent* that we may fol
low their faith, and their' good works, according
to our vocation, and * calling, as the Emperor may
follow the ensample of David ' in holding battle * to
'"ABC By no means. '*" A B G Perform. '« G Or
'5" A B G Delete " Of the." D Retains " The." '"'ABC
Table. '"2 j^ g q Instead of " A.— to," read, " It cannot
call upon." '""ABC Instead of " He— of," read, " Hope
in God.'' '54 ^ B c Bear the cross, '"s ^ g q y^jp f^om
man. '56 ^ g q ^^(J trusteth in man's help. '57 ^ -q
C Add, " It cometh to pass, that." '"" A B All lusts and
desires, and all human devices and councils do bear sway,
C All lusts and human councils bear sway in the heart!
259 A B G So long as faith and trust in God. '""ABC Is
absent. C' Are absent. '" Cf. Note 250 '"' C Adds
" Also." '""ABC Christ saith. '"* B C XV. 5. '"5 A B
G Power. '"" A B There is naught. G' Is naught. '"' A
B And there is nothing, but that which is hurtful, C'
Naught that is innocent.
'ABC Touching [D Concerning] the worship. ' A B
C Delete. " A B G For " Purposed— forth," read " Set
before us." *A B G Delete t. t. i. "ABC Delete. "ABC
Delete v. a. 'ABC David's example. "A B C Making war

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 4.5
drive away the Turk*" from his"" country, for
either of them is a king ; but Scripture ' teacheth
not to call upon " saints or to ask help of saints,
for Scripture setteth forth " unto us Christ alone,'"
as a mean, a pacifier, a Bishop, and an " Interces
sor. He is to be prayed unto,'* and he hath prom
ised that he will hear our prayers, and he chiefly
alloweth this honour," that is to say,'* that he be
called upon " in all afflictions, i John 3.'* If any man
sin, we have an advocate with God, and so forth."

This * is almost ' the sum of the doctrine with ^
us, in which (as every man may see),' there* is
nothing that varieth from Scripture, or from ' the
Catholic and universal Church,* or from' the
Church of Rome,* so far forth,' as it" is known
of" writers."" The which thing, since it is thus,'"
these fellows " judge ungently and cruelly'* which
require our men to be bad reputed, and taken for "
heretics. There is no dissension but about'* cer-
""AB C Turks. "» D The. "ABC The Scripture. '"AB
C Invocate. "AB G Because it propoundeth, D Sets before.
"AB C [D The] One Christ. '"AB G The Mediator, Pro
pitiator [G Propitiatory], High Priest and. '* ABC This
Christ is to be invocated [D Invoked]. '"A B G And liketh
this worship especially, D And this worship especially ap
proves. '"A.BCTowit. "A B C Invocated, D Restores
"Called upon." '" A 2, B G Transfer to end, as, II. i.
'" G Jesus Christ the Righteous.
* This section, as well as the following, is not found in
A B. ' G About. ' C Among. " C Can [D May] be
seen. * C That there. ' q which is discrepant with [D
Deviates from] the Scriptures or with [D From]. " C
Church Catholic. ' G Even with [D From]. " G Roman
Church. " C Deletes. '" G That church. " G From.
"" D From the writings of the Fathers. " G For all that
precedes, " This being the case." '" G They. '* C Us
harshly. '" C Who insist that we [D Our ministers] shall
be regarded as. '" C But the dissension is concerning.

46 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
tain abuses which have crept into the churches
without sure authority." In the which also" if
there should be any dissimilitude," yet it might
beseem bishops, to be of such lenity and mildness,^
that for this"' confession, which we have now re
hearsed,"" they would suffer our men."' For the
very canons themselves be not so hard, nor so
strait,"* as to require^ the self-same usages and
rites to be everywhere."* Nor was there never in
any time, like rites in all churches,"' although with"*
us, the old rites for the most part are diligently ob
served and kept."' For it is a false and a slander
ous report" that all ceremonies," all old institutions,
ordinances and customs, be utterly set aside'" in
our churches. But a common" complaint there'*
was that certain abuses did stick and hang in the
vulgar and accustomed rites." These because they
could not with good conscience be allowed and '*
approved, they " be somewhat " corrected.
" C Without any certain authority have crept into the
churches. '" C In which things even. '" G Were some
difference. '" C Yet would it be a becoming lenity on the
part of the bishops. " C On account of the. " C Pre
sented. '" C Should bear with us. '* G Since not even the
canons are so severe. '5 c Demand. '" C The same rites
everywhere. " C Nor were the rites of all churches at any
time the same. '" C Among. '» C In large part the an
cient rites were dihgently observed. "" C A calumnious
falsehood, D A false calumny. "' G The ceremonies. "' C
All the things instituted of old are abolished. "" C The
public. "* C Deletes. "" q -y^g^g connected with the rites
in common use. "" C Deletes "Allowed and." "" G De
letes. "" C Have to some extent been.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 47

THE' ARTICLES
shearsed" I
CHANGED.*

IN WHICH ARE rehearsed" CERTAIN* ABUSES

Since ' the churches with * us in no article of the
faith dissent ' from the Catholic Church,* all ' only
they " omit a certain few " abuses, which be new,'"
and against the will and intent in " the canons, by
process of time (which gathereth much vice) re
ceived,'* we desire and pray the Emperor's " Majesty
that he will favorably hear '* both what thing is "
changed, and also '* what were the causes why and
wherefore the people is not compelled to observe
those abuses against their conscience," and that the
Emperor's"" Majesty will give no credence to these
fellows which sow among the people wonderful
slanders only to inflame and kindle hatred of men
against o.ur preachers."' By these means,"" provo-
' C Deletes. ' G Recounted. " G The. ' C Which
have been corrected. " Q Inasmuch as. " C Among. ' C
Transfers " Dissent " to before " In no.'' ¦" C Church Cath
olic. " C And. '" C Deletes. " C A few of [D deletes
"of] certain. " C Are novel. '" C Contrary to the pur
port of. '* C Have been received by the fault of the times.
'5 G We beg that Your Imperial. '" C Would clemently
hear. " C What ought to be. '" C Deletes. '" C What
are the reasons that the people ought not to be [D Has
not been] forced, against their consciences, to observe
those abuses. '" C Nor should Your Imperial. " C Who,
that they may inflame the hatred of men against us, scatter
amazing slanders among the people. " C In this way.

48 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
king the minds of good men,"' they gave"'" occa
sion of"* this dis.sension in the beginning,"* and, by
the same craft,"* they be about now "' to increase
debate, and make more discord."* For the Empe
ror's Majesty shall undoubtedly"' find the*" form
both of doctrine" and also'" of ceremonies to be
more tolerable with us," than the wicked and evil
men do describe it to be.'* Certes,'' the truth of
the matter can neither be gathered of the rumours
and tangling of the vulgar people, nor yet of the
evil reportings of our enemies.'* But this may
soon be judged" that nothing helpeth more'* to
conserve" the dignity and worthiness*" of cere
monies, and to nourish*' reverence, and godliness
in*" the people, than if*' ceremonies be duly and
accordingly done ** in the churches.
I. Of the Sacrament of the Altar to be re
ceived IN BOTH KINDS, OF ALL MEN AND WOMEN.
Both kinds ' of the sacrament " are ' given to lay
men* in the Supper of the Lord ; for* this usage*
hath for itself the commandment of the Lord in
'" C The minds of good men being [D Having been] an
gered at the beginning. '"' D Have given. '* C To.
'5 C See note 23. '" C Craft. " C They now endeavor.
'" C For " Deb.— Discords," read " Discords." '"C For with
out doubt Your Imperial Majesty will. "" C That the. "' C
Doctrines. "' C Deletes. "" G Among us is far more tol
erable. "* G That which these wicked and mahcious men
describe. "" G Delete. "" The truth, moreover, cannot be
gathered from common rumors and the reproaches of ene
mies. "' C But it is easy to judge this. "* C Is more
profitable. "" G Preserve. ''" G Deletes "And worthiness."
*' G Nurture. *' C Piety among. « G That the. " C
Should be rightly performed.
' A B Either kind. 'ABC Transfer hither last clause,
reading it " In the Lord's Supper." "A B Is. *A B G The
laity. » A B G Because that. "ABC Custom. ' A B
ABC Delete "For itself."

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 49
the 26th of Matthew * (Drink ' of this all) where
Christ commandeth manifestly," that all should
drink of the cup. And lest any " man might make
cavillation,'" and say " that this '* pertained and
belonged only " to priests," Paul " to the Corin
thians reciteth an example " in which it appeared "
that the whole congregation "* did use both kinds,"'
and "" this custom remained long "' in the Church,"*
neither it is surely known"' when or by whose"*
authority,"' it was changed."'" Cyprian in certain
places doth witness, that the blood was given to the
people ; """ the same thing Hierome doth "* witness, "*
saying : " The priests do serve and "'" minister the
body," and divide" the blood of Christ to"" the
people. Gelasius,'" the bishop of Rome," com
mandeth that the sacrament be not divided. Dis-
"A B C Transfer to after quotation, A Matt. XXVI., B G
Matt. XXVI : 27. "ABC" All ye of this." '"A B C Doth
manifestly command, D Manifestly commands. ABC Add
here the last clause " Concerning the cup." "A B G That
no. "A B C Cavil. '"A B C Delete. '*A B It. '"A B Doth
only appertain, G Doth only pertain, D should refer. '"AB
C The priests, D adds " Alone." "ABC The example
of, D St. Paul to the Corinthians recites an instance. '" A
B Doth witness, C Witnesseth. '"ABC Delete. '" A
B G Church. " A Did in common use either part, B G
Did use either part in common, C ut supra, adding, " In
common," B C Add i Cor. XI : 28. " A B Delete. '" A
B G A long time, B C Add " even." '* B C Latter
churches. '"ABC Certain. '"ABC What. " A B
Author. "" C D Insert according to Ed. i, what ABC
following Ed. 2 have deleted. C' " Although the Cardi
nal de Cusa relates when it was approved." D " Though
the Cardinal Cusanus, mentions the time when it was ap
proved." "" C Deletes, but G' Restores. '" A Doth
Hierom. B C Doth Jerome. '"ABC Testify. '"^ A B
G Delete " Serve and," D Deletes " do." "» A B Sacra
ment, C Eucharist. "' A B Distribute, C Communicate.
"" D Among. "'A B Prefix yea, C Nay. ""A B C Pope.
"*ABC Dist.

50 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
tinct.'* 2. De Consecratione^ Cap. Comperimus,
¦ Only the '* custom," not very ancient,'* is " other
wise. Bnt certain it is *° that a custom, brought up
against *' the commandments of God, is not to be
allowed,*" as the canons do witness. Distinct.*' 8.
Cap. Veritate, with other that** followeth,*' but**
this custom is *' received not alonely ** against
Scripture,*' but also against the old °' canons and
the example" of the Church. Wherefore'" if any
had " rather use "" both kinds ** of" the Sacrament,
they ought'* not to be compelled to do otherwise,
with offence of their conscience. And because
the" division'* of the Sacrament agreeth not" with
the ordinance *" of Christ, we do *' omit and leave *"
the*' procession which was accustomed to be
observed heretofore.** 2. The Marriage of Priests.
Very many complained' of the examples of
priests, which lived not chaste and continently."
For which cause also,"" Pius, the bishop of Rome,'
is reported to have said, that there were certain
""ABC Consecr. '"ABC Delete. "'A
B New custom. "" A B Brought in of late, C Not thus an
cient, D Restores Taverner. ""ABC Doth, D Has it.
*" A B C It is manifest. "ABC Is contrary to. *' Ap
proved. •'" Dist. " A B That which, C The words which.
'" C Follow, D And the following. ^"A B C Now. " C Has
been. *" A. B C Only. '"ABC The Scripture. 5o _^
True, B C Ancient. '=^ KY> Examples. "2 A B G There
fore. 5" C Would. 53.1 -Q Have used. "^ K'S, Parts, "s q
In. »"A B Were, C Are ""^ D Have been. "'A B G That
the, D Returns to Taverner. "" A B Parting. "o _^ g q
Doth not agree. ""ABC Institution. "' A B We used
to, C Among us it is the custom to, D It is the custom
among us, to. "'ABC Delete a. 1. ""ABC That. "*
ABC Hitherto hath been in use.
'ABC There was a common complaint. 'ABC Of
such priests as were not continent. '" C' Deletes. "ABC
Pope Pius.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 51
causes why* marriage was taken away from'
priests. But much more greater causes there be
wherefore it* ought to be restored unto them'
again. For so writeth Platina.* Since,' therefore,
the priests with" us were desirous" to avoid those
open slanders,'" they married" wives, and taught'*
that it was" lawful for them'* to contract matri
mony and to marry." First, because" Paul saith :
Propter fornicationem, unusquisque suam uxoreni
habeatP That is to say : " Let every man have
his wife to avoid fornication.""" Also,"' "It is bet
ter to be married than to be burned.""'" Second
arily"" Christ saith, Non onines capiunt verbum hoc.^
That is to say: "Not all do take"* this word,""*"
where he teacheth"* that not all men be apt to live
sole, and unmarried;"* for God did create a man"'
to procreation,"' as it appeareth in the First of
Genesis.'" And it lieth not" in man's power, with
out a singular'" gift and work of God, to change
the creation of God." Therefore, they that be not
*ABC For which. 5 ^ g c Forbidden to. "A
BG There were many weightier causes why it. 'ABC
Should be permitted. "ABC Platina writeth. "AB
Whenas, C Whereas. '"ABC Among. " AB Sought,
C Seek. " ABC These public offences. '" G Have mar
ried. '* G Have taught. '" G Is. '" A B Themselves.
"AB To join in marriage, C To enter into marriage.
'"ABC Because that. "ABC Delete Latin. '"ABC
"To avoid fornication, let every man have his wife.''
"ABC Again. ""A B C "To marry than to burn," B C
Add I Cor. 7 : 2, 9. " ABC Secondly. '"ABC Delete
Latin and " That— say." '* AB All men do not receive,
G All men cannot receive. -'" BC Add Matth. 19: 11, D
Matth. 19: 12. ''5^BC Showeth. '"ABC All men are
not fit for a single life. "ABC Because that God created
man, C Mankind, otherwise as AB. '" G Male and fe
male. "" Instead of "As— Genesis," AB simply "Gen. i,"
C Gen. I : 28. "' AB It is not, C Nor is it. "' ABC
Special ""ABC Alter his creation.

52 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
apt to live sole and unmarried,** ought to contract"
matrimony'* and to marry;" for no man's law,"
no vow can take away the commandment and or
dinance of God." For*" these causes,*' the*" priests
do teach,*' that it is lawfulfor them to** marry**
wives. It is evidently known also** that in the
beginning of the*' Church,** priests were married
men.*' For Paul saith that he that is a married
man is to be chosen bishop." And in Germany,
first of all other places," the priests were*" vio
lently constrained" (somewhat more than CCCC
years ago),'* to live without wives, and unmarried,"
which** truly did withstand it so greatly," that
when'* the Archbishop of Mentz was" about to
publish the Bishop*' of Rome's bull*' of that mat
ter,*" he was almost oppressed*' of the angry priests
crying out upon him.** And the thing*' was han
dled so uncourteously and ungently,** that not
alonely marriages were inhibited to be made*' in
"*AB C Such as are not meet for a single life. ""AB Join
in. "«C Marriage. "'ABC Delete. ""ABC No law of man.
""A B C The commandment of God and his ordinance.
*"ABC By. "ABC Reasons. *'AB Our. *"ABG Prove,
D restores "Teach." **ABG That they may lawfully.
15 C Take. ¦'"ABC And it is well known. "ABC The
ancient. <«ABC Churches. ''"ABC Delete. so^gQ
That a bishop must be chosen which is a husband, "i ^
deletes " First — places." B deletes " Of— places," C substi
tutes "Not until." 5' C' transposes "the priests" and
"were." ^ K^Qj By violence compelled. ^ K'&Q
Transfer to after clause 51, and read "About 400 years
ago." 55 ^Bc A single life. 56_^BcWho. ^^ K^Q
Then were so wholly bent against the matter. 58 ^ g (3
Delete. 59ABG Being. ""ABC Pope. "'ABC Decree.
"'A B In that behalf, C To that effect. ""ABC Murdered.
"*A B G In a tumult by the priests in their anger. ""^ 3 q
Matter. "" Instead of " so uncourteously — ungently," A reads
" Contrary to law," B G Rudely. "' A They did not only
forbid marriages, B G Not only were marriages forbidden.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 53
time afterwards** to come, but also the marriages
made already*' were dissevered and broken" against
all right and law, both of God and man," yea against
the selfe canons made'" not alonely of bishops of
Rome, but of most laudable" Councils. And for
asmuch'* (as the world now drawing to an end)"
the nature of man'* is by little and little made
more weak and feeble," it is convenient to provide
beforehand'* that no vices creep into" Germany.
Undoubtedly*" God did ordain*' marriage to be a
remedy for man's infirmity. And*" the canons
themselves do*"" say, that the old rigour ought
otherwhiles in the later** times to be released, and
made more slack** because of*' the imbecility and**
weakness of men; which thing is*' to be wished
that it were** done here*' in this matter." And it
should seem that churches shall at length Jack
their true pastors, if marriage should any longer
be prohibited." But when the'" commandment of
""A B C For the time. ""A B G Such as were then con
tracted. '"A Deletes "Were — broken," B Transposes it to
close of sentence and reads simply, " Broken asunder, C
Retains order, ut supra, but adopts B's reading. "ABC
Instead of "Against — man," read " Contrary to all laws di
vine and human." "A B C Contrary to the Canons them
selves that were before made. '"AB G Not only by Popes,
but also by most famous. '*ABC Seeing that. '"A The
world decaying, B As the world decayeth. '"ABC Man's
nature. "ABC By little and little waxeth weaker. '" A
B G It is behoveful to look well to it. '"ABC No more
vices do [D Deletes "Do"] overspread. ""ABC Fur
thermore. "'ABC Ordained. "ABC Delete. "" D
Deletes. "" AB C Is now and then in latter. "^ A B G
Delete " And— slack." "^ K'Q Yor. ^"ABC Delete
" Imbec and." "'A B C Which it were. ""AB G Instead of
" That it were," read " Might be." «" A B C Delete. "" A
B C Add " Also." "' AB It is very like that if marriage
be forbidden any longer, we shall at length want pastors in
the Church, G And if marriage be forbidden any longer,
the churches may at length want pastors. "ABC Seeing
then that there is a plain.

54 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
God is open," when the custom'* of the Church is
known," when the unclean living without wives'*
bringeth forth so many slanders and occasions of
evil, so many adulteries and other crimes" worthy
to be looked upon, and '* punished, of a good gov
ernor," yet it is a marvelous thing"' that in
nothing more cruelty is exercised"' than against
the marriage of priests. God commandeth "" to
honor marriage laws in all commonwealths well
ordered,"' yea, with the heathen, men"* have fur
nished and'" adorned matrimony"* with most
high'" honors. But now men shall lose their
lives,'"'* yea and that priests, against'" the mind'"'"
of the canon laws,"' for none '" other cause than ""
for'" marriage. Paul calleth it the"* doctrine of
devils, which prohibiteth matrimony.'" This thing,
to be true, may be easily perceived now,'" when'"
the prohibition"* of marriage is defended with'"
such punishments. But now'"" as no man's law'"'
can take away the commandment'"" of God, so no
""ABC Delete "Is open." "*ABC Seeing that
the use. ""ABC Well-known. ""ABC Seeing
that impure single life. "' Instead of all after " Forth,"
ABC read, "Very many offences, adulteries and other
enormities." ""ABC Delete all after "Be." ""AB
G By the godly [D Just] magistrate. '""ABC Mar
vel. '"'ABC Greater cruelty should be showed in no
other thing. '"'ABC Hath commanded. '""ABC
Transpose c. and w. o. '"*ABC Even among the hea
then. '"5 A B C Delete f. a. '""ABC Marriage. '»' A
B C Very great. '""ABC Are cruelly put to death. '"" A
B G And priests also contrary to. '""" D Meaning. ""AB C
Canons. '"ABC No. "' AB But only. C But. "" C
Deletes. "'ABC That a. ""ABC " Forbiddeth mar
riage," A Adds t Tim. iv., B C i Tim. iv. i. ""ABC
Which may now very well be seen. '" A B When as C
^J"^^;, J" "^ B ^ Forbidding. ""ABC Maintained 'by.
""ABC Delete. "'ABC Law of man. '¦^' ABC Law.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 55
vow can take away the commandment of God.'"'
Therefore Cyprian also'"* persuadeth'"' that women
be married,'"* which keep not their chastity prom
ised.'"' These be his words'"* in the First book,
the II'"*" Epistle: "If either'"' they will not, or
else they cannot persevere and abide still,"" it is
better'" that they, be married"" than that they
fall'" into the fire with their dainties;"* at the least
way, that they give not'" occasion of evil to their
brethren and"* sisters.'' And'" the canon laws"*
themselves"' do'*' use a'*' certain'*' equity'** and
show favor'*' toward them which'** before they be
of sufficient age,'*' have vowed,'** as commonly it
hath been accustomed,'*' to be lone"" until this
day.
3. Of the Mass.
Our churches be falsely' accused that they
utterly destroy and take away " the Mass. For the
'" Instead of " So— God," AB G read " No more can any
vow whatsoever." "*A B G Delete, G' Restores. "5A B G
Giveth counsel, D Advises. ""ABO Those women
should [D To] marry. '"ABC Do not keep their vowed
chastity. "" A B G His words are these. """ D nth. ""A
B G Delete. '""ABC Are not able to endure, D Restores
" Persevere." '"'ABC Far better, D Better. '"' ABC
Should marry. '"" A B C Should fall. '"* A B G By their
importunate desires. '""ABC Instead of "At— and,"
read "In any wise, let them give no." '""ABC Or.
'"'AB Yea and, C Yea even. '""ABC Canons. '""A
B G Delete. '¦'"ABC Delete. '" C Show some. '''" A
B Kind of, G Some kind of. "* G Justice, D Leniency.
'*5ABG Delete. '*"ABC Such as. '" ABC Their
ripe years. '*" A B G Did vow chastity, D Have taken
vows of. '*" AB As hitherto the use hath been, C Inserts
after hath, " For the most part," in other/espects as A B
D As hitherto, for the most part, has been the custom.
'5" See Note 148, rendered by AB G " Chastity."
'ABC Are wrongfully. ' Instead of " That— away,"
ABC Read " To have abolished, D Of abolishing.

66 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
Mass is retained and held' still with* us, and is'
celebrated with high* reverence. Also the usual
and customary ceremonies, almost all ' are observed
and kept,* save ' that among the Latin songs " be
mixed here and there German songs," which be '"
added to teach the people." For'* ceremonies
serve " to teach the inexpert and rude people,'* or
that the entreating or handling of the Word of
God," may stir up some men " to " the true fear,^
faith"" and prayer."' And not alonely Paul com-'
mandeth "" to use in the Church "* a tongue which "*
the people do perceive and "* understand,"* but also
it is so constituted and ordained by man's law."'
The people be accustomed to use"* the sacrament
together, if any be apt thereto,"' and that also"
doth augment and " increase the reverence and the '"
"ABC Delete ' And held." *A B C Among. "ABC
Delete, D Restores. "ABC Great, D The greatest.
'A B C Yea, and almost all the ceremonies that are in use.
"ABC Delete " are— kept." "ABC Saving. '" A B
With the songs in Latin, G With the things sung in Latin.
" A B We mingle certain Psalms in Dutch here and there,
G We mingle certain things sung in German at various
parts of the service. " C' D Are. '"A B C For the peo
ple's instruction. '* A B G Add " Therefore." '"ABC
Alone we have need of ceremonies. '"ABC That they
may teach the unlearned G Deletes the rest of sentence.
See below 21. " A B And that the preaching of God's
word. '" A B Delete. '" A B Unto. '" A B Trust.
"A B " Invocation of God." All that follows " unlearned "
is from a later text. Ed. 2. (8vo. 1531) : " Et quosdam ex-
citet vere ad timorem autfidem ac orationem tractatio verbi
Dei." ^' A B G This is not only commanded by St. Paul.
'"ABC Delete i. t. c. " A B Which. '"ABC De
lete d. p. a. '" D Understands, B G Add, i Cor. xiv. 9. [D
2.] "ABC But man's law hath also appointed it. '" A
B We use [C We accustom,] ABC The people to re
ceive, D The people is accustomed. '"ABC If so be any be
found fit thereunto. D As many as are found fit. "" A B
C Is a thing that, D This also increases. "'ABC De
lete a. a. "'ABC Delete.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 57
religion " of public '* ceremonies ; for none be "
admitted and allowed to receive the sacrament,'*
but such as be examined before." They be also
admonished and warned " of the dignity " and use
of the*" sacrament, how great comfort it bringeth
to fearful and trembling*' consciences, to the in
tent *" that they may learn to believe and give cre
dence to*' God, and to ask all thing that good is
of God.** This honor delighteth *' God ; such ** use
of the sacrament doth nourish love and reverence *'
towards God ; therefore it appeareth ** not that the
Mass be done more religiously with *' our adversa
ries than with us. It is undoubtedly and evidently
known also " that this hath been a common and a
very grievous complaint of all good men a long
time season," that the'" Masses have been shame
fully abused and applied to lucre," and every man
seeth how wide'* this abuse doth appear" in all""
temples,** and of what" manner of men, Masses be
sung '* and said " alonely *" for reward *' or stipend,*"
""ABC Due estimation, D Devotion. "'A B C Of the,
D At the. "5^ B C Are. ""A B C Delete " And— sacra
ment." "'C Except they be first proved. So also AB which
add "And tried." ""A B Besides we use to put men in mind,
B Besides we put men in mind. ""A B G Worthiness. D
Worth. '"A B A. «AB G Delete "And trembling," D Ter
rified. "-ABC Delete. 'ABC Delete "And— to." «ABG
Loo4c for and crave [D Ask] all good things at his hands.
"ABC Worship doth please. ''"ABG Such an, D Such a.
" Instead of " Love and reverence," ABG read " Piety."
'"ABC Seemeth, D Does not appear. '"ABC Masses
be [D The Mass is] more reUgiously celebrated among.
5" AB C But it is evident, "i _^b G Of long [D For a]
time, this hath been the public and most grievous com
plaint of all good men. 52 ABC Delete "The." ""ABC
Are basely profaned, being used for gain, D The Mass is.
5* A B O It is not unknown how far. "" A B G Hath spread
itself. 55» D The. '"ABC Churches. 5' a B C Delete.
'"ABC Delete, D Celebrated. ""ABC Delete a. s.
""ABC Only. "'ABC A reward. "'ABC Wages.
5

58 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
how many against the inhibition of the canons do
celebrate.*' But Paul grievously threatens ** them
which entreat*' and receive** the sacrament*' un
worthily when he saith:** "Who*' eateth'" this
bread, or drinketh" the'" cup of the Lord un
worthily shall be guilty of the body and blood of
the Lord."" Therefore when priests were mon
ished with us '* of that " sin, private Masses ceased
with '* us, because almost " no private Masses were
done" but for lucre and advantage." And the
bishops did know*" of these abuses well enough,
which,*' if they had corrected *" them,*' there should
have been now ** less dissension ** than there is.**
Before, by reason of*' their dissimulation** and
nothing willing to hear and see what was amiss,*'
they suffered many vices to escape" into the
Church. Now they begin overlate" to complain
of the calamities and miseries '" of the Church,
whereas indeed all" this business and tusseling'*
took occasion of none other thing" than of those'*
"ABC Do use them against the prohibition of the canons,
D Celebrate them. "* A B C Doth grievously threaten,
D Severely threaten. ^ h.'& Those which handle, G Those
who treat. ""ABC Delete a. r. "' A B Lord's Supper.
""ABC Saying. ""ABC He that. '» A B Shall eat.
"AB Drink. "C This. '" B C Add i Cor. ii : 27.
'* C The priests among us were admonished, A B We ad
monished the priests. '"ABC This. '"ABC Were
laid aside among. "ABC Seeing that, for the most part,
there were. '"ABC Delete w. d. '"ABC Only for
lucre's sake. ""ABC Neither were the bishops ignorant.
"' A B Who, C And. "ABC Amended. ^ AB C Add
" In time." "* A B C Had now been. «" AB G Of dis
sensions. ""ABC Delete t. 1. 1. "'ABC Heretofore by.
""ABC Dissembling. ""ABC Delete " And nothing
— amiss.'' ""ABC Suffered much corruption to creep.
"'ABC Though it be late. "'ABC Delete a. m. "" A
B G Seeing that. "¦' Instead of " Bus.— tusseling," A B
read, " Huriy-burly," C " Tumult." ""ABC Was raised
up by no other man. ""A B G By those.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 59
abiises, which were so manifest " that they could be
suffered'* no longer. There be now great" dissen
sions risen, as '" touching '" the Mass and "" the
sacrament. And peradventure "' the world is pun
ished for a long"* profaning and abusing"' of
Masses which these bishops have suffered so many
hundred years in the churches, and yet both might
and also ought to have amended them ; '"* for it is
written in the Book of the Ten Commandments of
God, called the Decalogue,'" that"* he that
abuseth "' the name of God "" shall not be unpun
ished.'" But since the world began, nothing that
ever God ordained hath been so abused and turned
to filthy lucre, as it appeareth that the Mass hath
been."" There was added and put to "' an opinion
which increaseth "* private masses above measure,'"
that is to say,'" that Christ, with "' his passion, did
satisfy"'" and make amends "* for original sin, and
did institute and ordain '" the '"" Mass, that in it '"'
should be made '"" an oblation for quotidian and '"'
"'A B G Evident. ""ABC Transfer " Be suffered " to
close of sentence, reading " Be tolerated." ""A B C Were
many. '""A B G Delete r. a. '"'A B C Concerning. '"'A
B C Concerning. '"" C Perhaps. '"'A B C So long a. '""A
B G Delete a. a. '""ABG They, who both could and
ought to have amended it, have so many years tolerated in,
AB Their churches, C The churches. '"' Instead of all
after "for,'' ABC "In the Ten Commandments, it is
written." '""ABC Delete. '""ABC Taketh in vain. ""
ABG Lord. '"ABC Held guiUless, B C Add Ex. xx.
7. '"ABC And from the beginning of the world, there
neither was, nor is any divine thing, which AB Might
seem so to be employed to gain as is the Mass, G Seems so to
have been employed for gain, as the Mass, D Seems to have
been so much employed. ""ABC Delete a. p. t. "* A B
Did increase. '"ABC Infinitely. ""ABC To wit. '"AB
C By. '""'D Had satisfied for. ""ABC Delete a. m. a.
""ABC Instead of i. a. c, read " Appointed." "" A B
Delete, f" ABG Wherein. '"ABC Transfer " should
be made" to after "oblation." D For "oblation" reads
" offering.:' ""ABC Delete " quotidian and."

60 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
daily sins, both mortal and venial. Of this,'"* did
spring forth '"' a common opinion that the '"* Mass
is a work that taketh away the sins of the quick
and the dead, by virtue of the work wrought.'"'
Then they'"* began to dispute whether one Mass
said for many, were as much worth '"' as if for every
man were said a several Mass."" This disputation
brought "' forth and caused "" this '" infinite multi
tude of Masses. Of"* these opinions, our preachers
and learned men '" gave warning "* that they did
vary and dissent'" from Holy Scripture,"* and
did'" hurt'*" and'*' diminish'*" the glory of the
Passion of Christ. For the Passion of Christ was
an oblation and a'*' satisfaction, not only for the sin
of birth (called'** Original Sin), but also for all
other sins, as it is written '** to the Hebrews : '**
" We are sanctified by the oblation of Jesus Christ,
once for ever." '*' Also : "• He made perfect the
sanctified without oblation for ever.'"** Also'*'
the Scripture teacheth us to be"° justified before
God by '" faith in Christ, when we believe that our
"*ABG Hereupon. '^"^ B C Transfer to after "opinion,"
and read " was received." ""AB Delete. '"ABC "And
that for the [D Mere] doing of the work." '-'^A B G Here
men. ""ABC Of as great force. '""A B C Particular masses
said for particular men. '"'ABC Hath brought. '"' A
B G Delete a. c. '"" A B An, C That. '"* A B C Con
cerning, G' Transfers the clause to after "warning.'' '"" A
B G Delete a. 1. m. '""ABC Have admonished, AB
Add " us."' '"' A B Do disagree, G Do depart.
'"" ABG The Holy Scriptures. '""A B G Do
"" C Deletes. '"ABC Delete. '« A B Delete.
""ABC Delete. '« A B G Delete " For— called."
'« A B G Add " In the Episde." '« C Adds lo : lo. '"A
B G Made. ""ABC By one oblation he hath, A B Made
perfect, C Perfected, ABC Forever, AB Those, G Them,
ABC That are sanctified, G Adds " Heb. lo : 14," B
Heb. 10: 10, 14. '«G Transfers to after "Scripture."
'5» A B G That we are. '"'ABC Through.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 61
sins be"" forgiven for Christ's sake. Now if the
Mass doth "' take away the sins of the quick and
of"* the dead, even of the own proper virtue,'"
then justification doth chance and come"* of the
work of Masses, and not of" faith; which thing"*
Scripture doth not '" suffer,'*' but Christ command
eth'*' to do it in remembrance of Him.'*" Where
fore'*' the Mass was'** instituted to the intent'*'
that faith'*'" in them that'** use the sacrament
should'*' remember what benefits it taketh'** by
Christ, and so should'*' raise by,"" and comfort
the'" trembling"'" and"" fearful consciences.'"
For to remember Christ, is to remember the bene
fits of Christ,"* and to feel,'" perceive and think "*
that truly and in very deed, they be "' exhibited "*
and given '" to '*' us. Neither '*' is it enough '*" to
remember '*' the history ; for this may also Jews '**
and wicked '*' men remember.'** Wherefore '*' the
Mass is to be done'** for this intent,'*' that'" the
'" A B G Are. ""A B C Do. '5*A B C Delete. '55A B C For
the work's sake that is done, D By the mere doing of the
work. '5" A B C For " Chance and come of," read " Com
eth by." '5' A B G By. '"s ^ g c Delete. '5' A B G
Cannot. '"" A B Away withal, C Endure. '"'ABC Add
" Us." '"'ABC Himself, B O Add Luke xxii rig. '""A
BG Therefore. '"*AB Is, C Has been. '""ABC De
lete. '"5" D The faith. '""ABO Which, D Those who.
'"'ABC May, D May be reminded. '""ABC Receiv
eth. '""ABC That it may. ""ABC Delete. '" A B
A. "'" D Alarmed. "'ABC Delete t. a. ""ABO
Conscience. "* A B G This is to remember Christ, to wit,
to remember his benefits. ""ABC Add " And." "" A
BO Delete. '"Instead of " Truly— be," ABC "That
they be [D Are] indeed." "" C Imparted. ""ABC De
lete. '""ABO Unto. '"'ONor. '"' A B C Sufficient.
'""ABO Call to mind. '"* A B O Because [D For] that
the Jews also. '""ABC The wicked. '""ABO Can do,
A B Add " This. '"'ABC Therefore. '""ABC Must
be used. '""ABC To this end. '""ABC That there.

62 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
sacrament may be reached forth'"" and minis
tered '" to "" those "' that have need of comfort, as
Ambrose saith : Quia semper pecco, semper debeo
accipere medicinam. That is, to say : "* " Because
I'" always sin, I ought always to take"* medi
cine.'"" Now forasmuch as "* the Mass is such a
communication "' of the sacrament, one common
Mass is kept with us"" every holy day,"" and
also "'" other days, if any desire to "" use the sacra
ment, it "'* is given "'^' to them that asketh ""* it. And
this manner is not new in "" the church. For the
old "" Fathers ""' before Gregory "" speaketh nothing
of the"" Private Mass, but of the Common Mass
they speak very"'" much. Chrysostom saith that
the priest standeth daily "" at the altar, and some
he doth call to the receiving of the sacrament at
communion,"'* and some he doth keep away.""
And it appeareth by the old canons,"" that some
one priest "" did celebrate the Mass, and of him ""
all "" the ""' other priests ""' and deacons received """
190a j3 Qivgjj to_ i9i_^ g Q Dglete " Forth— ministered."
'"'ABC Unto. '""ABC Them. '"* A B G Delete
" 22/za— say." '""ABC I do. '"" A B C Receive. '"'A
B A medicine, G The medicine. '""ABC And seeing
that. '""ABC Communion, D Restores " Communica
tion." '"» AB C We do observe one common Mass. '"' A
Holiday. '"'ABC On. '""ABC Will. '"* A B When
it, C At which times it. '""ABC Offered. '"" B C Which
desire, A Which desired, G' That desire, D Those who de
sire. '"'ABC Neither is this custom newly brought into.
'""AB Ancient, G Ancients. '"" G Deletes. ""ABC
Gregory's time. '"ABC Make no mention of any.
'"ABO Delete. "" AB Did daily stand, C Doth daily
stand, D Stands daily. "* AB G And call some unto the
communion. "" ABC And put back others. ""ABC
And by the ancient canons it is evident. '"ABC Delete
""ABC Of whom. ""ABC Delete. "» A B Delete!
'"B Elders. '"ABC Did receive.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 63
the body of the Lord ; for so sound the words of
the canon of Nicene ""' which be these :
Accipiant diaconi secundum ordinem post presby-
teros, ab episcopo vel a presbytero, sacram commu-
nionein. That is to say,""* " Let Deacons orderly,""' after
the priests,""* receive the Holy Sacrament or""'
Communion, of the""* bishop or of the priest."""'
And Paul, speaking of"" the communion, com
mandeth that one should"" tarry for another, that
there may be made"'" a common participation.
Forasmuch, then, as"" the Mass"'* with"*^ us
hath for itself"** the example of the Church,
taken"" out of Scripture"'* and of"" Fathers: we
trust"*" it"*' cannot be improved,"*" namely,"" since"**
the common and"*' public ceremonies for the most
part"** are kept,"*' like to"'* the usual and accus
tomed"*' ceremonies, only the number of Masses is
unlike,"" which, for great"" and manifest abuses, it
were profitable, at the least way,"'^" to moderate.""
For in times passed,"'* Mass was not done every
""ABC The words of the Nicene Canon do sound [D
Read]. "*ABG Delete from "Nicene." "=ABC Let the
deacons in their order. ""BG Elders. '"A B C Delete " Sa
crament or." ""ABC A. ""A A priest, B G An elden
'""A B C Instead of " Speaking of," read "Concerning.''
'"'ABC Delete, B G Add i Cor. xi. 23 '"'ABC Delete.
'""A B C Seeing, therefore, that. '"*A B Transfer " the Mass "
to after " us." '"' A Among, B C Amongst. '""A B C De
lete " For itself." '"'ABC Delete. '« ABG The Scrip
ture. '""ABO The. '*" A B Hope '"ABC That it.
'*'AB Disliked, C Disapproved. ""ABC Especially.
'** A B For that. -« Instead of " The— and," ABG read
" Our." ""ABC Transpose " For — part " with " Are
kept," B G Delete. '*' A B Add " Of us." '*« A B Alike
unto, G Like unto. '*" A B G Delete " And accustomed."
'""ABC Not alike. '5' A B C The which by reason of
very great. '"'ABC It were certainly far better. '5" ABC
Be moderated. "* ABC Past also.

64 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
day, no, not in great congregations, and where
much people assembled together,"" as the History
Tripartite"'* doth witness, in the ix Book, the
xxxviii chapter, in this wise:"" "Again"'* in Alex
andria, Scriptures be read upon the Wednesday
and the Friday,"" and doctors"*" do expound"*'
them, and all things"*" are done"*' without"** the
solemn manner"*' of the oblation.""**
4. Of Confession.
Confession in the churches with us is not done
away.' For the body of the Lord is not wont to
be delivered to any, but only" to those that be
examined and absolved before ; ' and the people
be very diligently taught of* the*" faith and as
surance of absolution, of* which before this time
was little mention or speaking.' The people be*
taught to have the absolution in great price, be-
'55AB G In the churches whereunto was greatest resort.
it was not the use to have Mass said every day. '""A B 0
Trip. Hist. ; transfer " Lib. ix. cap. 38." ""'A B C Delete i.
t. w. '58 A Adds " Saith he," B 0 " Saith it." '5" A B C
" Every fourth and sixth day of the week the Scriptures are
read." '""A B G The teachers. '"'A B C Interpret. '"'AB
G Other things. '""A B G Done also. '"*A B O Except
only. '"5 G Instead of " sol. manner," read " Celebration.''
'""A Of oblation or offering, B Of oblation, O Of the
Eucharist. ' C "Is not abolished in our churches," [D " In the
churches among us "] AB Give only the Variata form of
this article. Where Var. follows text of 1530-31, we insert
the departures of AB from Taverner. ' C " It is not
usual to communicate the body of the Lord except." " 0
"Who have been previously examined and absolved."
* G " Are taught most carefully concerning." *»B Deletes.
"C Instead of " And— of," reads "required to," B Simply
" Faith in absolution. ' " G About. ' C Before these
times, there has been a deep silence. " C Men are.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 65
cause' it is the voice of God," and pronounced
by the commandment of God." The power of the
keys is greatly made of, by showing'" how great
comfort" it bringeth"" to troubled'* consciences,
and that God requireth" faith, to the end we should
give credence to" that"" abs'olution, as to" a voice
sounding from Heaven, and that faith" in Christ
getteth truly and receiveth" remission of sins.
Before we did this,"" satisfactions were overmuch
set by and magnified,"' but"'" no speaking there
was of faith and of the merit of Christ and of right
eousness of faith."" Wherefore, in this behalf,"' our
churches be not"* to be blamed. For"' our adver
saries be"* also"' compelled to grant this"* to us,
that the doctrine of penance"' is entreated to be
handled and opened of our learned men most dili
gently." But of confession they " teach, that the rehearsal
and numbering '" of sins is not necessary, and that
consciences be not to be charged with care to num
ber and reckon up all defaults, for" it is impossible
to rehearse '* all defaults," as the Prophet '* record-
" O That they should highly regard abso'ution, inasmuch
as. '"O God's voice. " 0 God's command. "C Is honored,
and mention is made. '" C Consolation. '"» C Brings. '*
0 Terrified. '" 0 Requires. '" 0 That we believe, D Re
stores " should." '"" D This. " C Deletes. '" 0 This
faith. '" C Truly obtains and receives. '" C Aforetime.
" C Immoderately extolled. "^ C Deletes, D Restores. "
C Of faith, and the merit of Christ, and justification by
faith, no mention was made. '" 0 On this point. '" O Are
by no means. " 0 For this even. '" O Are. " C De
letes. '" C To concede in regard. '" G Repentance. "" G
Is most diligently treated and laid open by us. "' C Our
churches. "' C Instead of r. a. n., reads, " enumeration."
"" O Nor are consciences to be burdened with the care of
enumerating all sins, inasmuch as. "* G Recount, A B The
rehearsing of all one's sins, is a thing impossible. "' G Sins.
'" A B According to that in the Psalm, C As the Psalm.
B Adds (19 : 12). G (19: 30. G'D (19: 13)-

66 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
eth," saying : " Who understandeth all defaults or
sins."'* Jeremiah also saith:" Pravum est cor
hominis et inscrutabile .^ " The heart of man *' is
froward and cannot be searched." *" That *' if no
sins should be ** forgiven, but those that be re
hearsed,** consciences could never be quieted ; ** for
many *' sins, they ** neither espy,*' nor can *" remem
ber." Also old writers'" do" witness'* that the
numbering" is not necessary.** Chrysostom is re
hearsed, which " saith thus : Non tibi dico ut te
prodas in publicum, neque apud alios te accuses, sed
obedire te volo prophets dicenti; Revela ante deum
viani tuam. Ergo tua confitere peccata apud deum
venini judicem cu7n oratione. Delicta tua pronuncia
non lingua, sed conscientice luce niemoria, etc.'* " I
say not to " thee, that thou show thyself openly,*'
nor *' that thou ''" accuse thyself to other.*' But I
will that thou obey the prophet saying : ** ' Dis-
"' G Testifies, A B Delete. ""A B Can understand his faults.
"» B C Add (xvii. 9). '"ABC Delete Latin. « G Deletes
" of man." " A B " Corrupt and unsearchable," C " De
ceitful above all things and desperately wicked." *" A B
G But. " A B Could be, C Were. "^ K'& But such as
were reckoned up, C except what, [D Those that] were
recounted. *" A B At rest, G Find peace. *' C Because
very many. '» G They can, C D Delete " can," which
IS also reading of A B « A B G See. "o ^ g q Delete.
5' A B Call to mind. 52 ^ g q ^j^^ ancient writers also.
5" G Deletes, "i _/^ g q Testify. 5= ^g "-phis counting
of sins by tale." C The enumeration. 56 ^ 3 jg ^ 'Caaig
needless. 57 q Yox in the Decrees, Chrysostom is cited,
who. AB (Var.) have a dissimilar reading. ^ A.'&Q,
Delete Latin. "9 _^ q Qq j^^j ^^^^ q ~q^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^o ^
B To betray thyself openly, G That thou shouldst discover
thyself in public. "' G Or. "' A B Delete t. t., C Substi
tutes " to." "" G Before others, A B «/ supra. " A B To
follow the saying of the prophet, G I would have thee obey
t. p., when he says.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 67
close *' thy way ** before *' God.' ** Wherefore *' con
fess thy sins to" God, the true Judge, with prayer,
and" pronounce thine offences,'" not with thy"
tongue, but with memory'* of thy conscience," etc.
And the gloss "Of* Penance,"" Distinc. 5. Cap.
Consideret, doth confess '* that confession is of man's
law," but yet '° confession," both *" for the *' great
benefit*" of Absolution, and also*' for other utilities
and profits of** conscience, is retained and kept
still ** among us.
5. Of Diversities of Meats.
It was ' a common " persuasion,' not only of the
vulgar people,* but also of the' teachers in the
churches, that diversities * of meats and like tradi
tions of men be profitable works to deserve' remis
sion of sin and of pain.* And that the world did
so think,' it appeareth by that," that " new cere-
"5 A B Lay open, G Reveal, D Commit. "" A B Ways.
"'C Unto. ""ABC The Lord. "" C "Therefore" fol
lowed by " with prayer,'' transposed from below. '"A B C
Before. "A B G Delete. " C Errors. " C The. " G The
memory, AB paraphrase thus : " Not remembering them
with the tongue, but with the conscience." "A B Touch
ing. '5 C Repentance. '" A B Granteth, C Admits. "C
Human right only, A Bhave different reading. '" C Never
theless. '" G Transfers to before " Is retained." "» C De
letes. "' G On account of the very. "' C Benefits. **" G As
well as. "* C Uses to the. "" q Deletes " and— still."
'ABC Hath been. ' B C General. "ABC Opinion.
' AB Of the common sort alone, 0 Of the people alone.
"ABC Such as are. "ABC The differences, D The
distinction. 'ABC Such like human traditions are works
available to merit grace, and are [D To make] satisfactions
[D Satisfaction] for sins. "AB Remission both of the
fault and of the punishment, G Grace and are satisfactions
for sins. Taverner, and AB follow Ed. 2 (8vo. 1531),
while G follows Ed. Princeps. "ABG Thus thought.
'"ABC Is apparent by this. "ABC Transfer " Daily,"
to after "That."

68 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
monies, new orders, new holy days, and new fast
ings '" were daily instituted," and teachers '* in
temples " did exact and require '* these works " as
a necessary honor to the obtaining of* righteous
ness," and they greatly did "" put in fear the con
sciences, if they should omit and leave undone any
of these things."' Of this persuasion of"" traditions
many mischiefs and inconveniences"* ensued"* in
the church. First of all,"' the doctrine of grace and
the righteousness of faith "* was "' obscured and de-
faced,""* which is the chief"'' part of the Gospel, and
ought" most of all to stand forth" and to appear'"
in the church, to the intent" that the merit of
Christ might'* be well known, and that*' faith
which believeth that sins be forgiven ** for Christ,"
and not for any of our works,** might be advanced
and set up" far above works. Wherefore Paul
also *" leaneth greatly to *' this part,*" and removeth
and putteth away ** the Law and traditions of men,**
"ABG Fasts. '"ABG Appointed. '* A B
C The teachers. '"ABC The churches. '"ABC De
lete " And require." " A B Add " At the people's hands."
'"ABC Service necessary to deserve [D Merit] . '" A B
Justification, G Grace. As in Note 8, Taverner, and A B
follow Ed. 2. '" A B G Transpose g. and d. "ABC Men's
consciences if aught were omitted. "ABG Concerning.
'" Instead of m. a. i., AB read " Discommodities," C Dis
advantages. "ABC Have followed. ^ K'&Qi For first.
'"ABC Transfer to just before "Which is," reading
" And also the r. o. f." " A B G Is. '" A B C " By it/'
delete a. d. '" A B Most especial, G Principal. ""ABC
Which it behoveth. "' A Be extant. "'ABC Have the
pre-eminence. ""ABC Delete " To the intent." "?ABC
May. ""ABC Delete. ""ABC Are remitted [D Are
forgiven]. "' A B Through Christ, C For Christ's sake.
""ABC Delete the entire clause. ""ABC May be ex
alted. *" ABC For which cause also [A St.] PauL *' A
B Laboreth much, C Lays much stress, B C On A In
*' A B G Point. '"ABC Instead of " And— away'" " He
removeth. D Sets aside. ** A B C Human traditions.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 69
because he would*' show that the Christian right
eousness** is another*' thing than such works,**
that is to wit, that is *' the '" faith which believeth
that sins be" freely forgiven *" for" Christ.** But
this doctrine of Paul" is"" almost altogether
oppressed'* by traditions, which have engendered
and brought forth" an opinion that'* we must
needs" merit and get*" remission of sins*' and
justification by diversity of meats and like honor
ing of God. In penance,*" there was no speaking *'
of faith, only these satisfactory works ** were pur
posed and set forth *' ; the holy penance appeared **
to consist and stand*' in them.**
Secondarily*' these traditions have" obscured
and darkened" the precepts'" of God; because'""
the" traditions of men'* were preferred and re
garded" above the precepts'* of God. The whole"
Christianity was thought to be the'* observation'*"
*' AB G That he may. '"A B GRighteousness of Christ.
*'ABG Far other. '"ABC Add "As these be," D
•As these." ''"Instead of " That— that," ABC read
" Namely." "" A B C A. "'ABC Are. "^ a B C Re
mitted. 53 ^ B Through. "' B C Christ's sake. 55 _^ g
St. "" D Has been. ^ K'&C Wholly smothered.
"ABC Have bred. 58 ABC Transfer last clause, read
ing : " By making difference in meats, and such like ser
vices." 59 _^ B A man must, C A man should. ""ABC
Delete a. g. "' G " Grace " ; Ed. 2 has remissionem pecca
torum. "2 j^BG Their doctrine of repentance. ""ABC
Mention [D adds "Made."]. "' G Works of satisfaction.
"5 AB C Instead of " Pur.— forth," read: "Spoken of."
""ABO Insteadof "The— appeared, "read: "Repentance
seemed.'' "' AB Stand wholly, G Consist wholly. ""ABC
These. ""ABC Secondly. '"ABC Delete. "ABC
Delete "ABC Commandments. "" A B Add " That."
'"ABC Delete. "ABC Delete. '^^gg Delete.
'"ABC Commandments. "ABC All, D changes, read
ing : " Christianity was thought to consist wholly." '"ABC
An. '"" D In observing.

70 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
and keeping" of certain feries,*" rites, fastings and
vestures.*' These observations had, by long pre
scription of time, won themselves a very high and
an*" honest*' title,** for they only were called" the
spiritual life and perfect life. But,** in the mean
season," the precepts of God,** executed according
to a man's vocation and*' calling, had no laud nor
praise," as" that the"" father and good man of the
house'" brought up his children, that the'"" mother
childed," that the"" prince governed the common
wealth. These things'* were thought" to be'*
worldly works," and unperfect,'* and far worse
than" those shining and'" glittering"' observa
tions."" And this error'"' did greatly vex and
grieve"* well-disposed consciences,'" which were
sorry'" that they were holden in'" an un"* perfect
kind and state"' of living,'" as'" in marriage, in
governance,"" and "' in other offices and civil min
istrations."* On the other side, they magnified
'"ABC Delete. "» L. Feriarum, Ger. Feier (Al.
Feiertag, Ed. 3 Freytag) ; A B Holy days, G Holi
days. "'ABC Fasts and attire. "'Instead of "Had
— an,'' A B read " Carried a,'' C " Were in possession of a."
""AB Goodly, C Most goodly, D Most honorable. "*AB
Add " And name. "5 A B G That they were, D prefaces
To wit. ""ABC Delete. "' C Time. ""ABC God's
commandments. ""ABC Insteadof " Executed— and,"
read "Touching every man's." ""ABC Were of small
estimation. "'ABC Delete. "'ABC Delete "And—
house." "" A B Bare them, C Nurtured them. siaszassaQ
" A." "'ABC Delete. "5 ^ g q Reputed. ""ABC
Delete. "' A B G Affairs. "" B G Imperfect. ""ABC
Inferior to. '»» A B G Delete s. a. '"' A B Glistering.
'"' B G Observances, A adds " And orders." '"" AB These
errors. '"'ABC Instead of v. a. g., read " Torment."
'"= AB Good consciences, C Pious consciences. '""ABC
Grieved. '"' A B Handfasted to, C Held by '"» B G Im
'""ABC Delete a. s. ""ABC Life. '"ABC Deleted
"A B C Magistracy. "" C Or. "* A B G For all after
" Other," read " Civil functions."

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 71
and had in high reputation the monks and such
like cloisterers which call themselves religious per
sons,"* and thought (though untruly),'" that their
observations"' did a great deal more deserve re
mission of sins and justification,"* than the simple
life of a Christian man did.'"
Thirdly, traditions brought great peril and'""
danger to'"' consciences ; for'?" it was impossible'"'
to keep all traditions,'"* and yet men judged '"* these
observations'"* to be necessary worshippings and
honorings of God.'"' Gerson writeth that many
did fall '"* into desperation,'"' and that "" some also '"
did kill "" themselves ; for '" because they thought "*
that they could not satisfy '" the traditions, and in
the mean season,"* they had no "' comfort of the
righteousness of faith and "* of grace. We see
makers of Summes '" and divines to abridge and
gather '*" traditions, and to '*' seek Epikees}^ that is
"5 A B They had the monks and such like men in
admiration, 0 agrees with A B, deleting "men,'' D
They admired. ""ABO Falsely imagined. '" A
Their orders, B Their observances, C The observances of
these men. "" 0 Were more grateful to God, A B ut
supra, deleting " A great deal '' ; Tav. A B after Ed. 2 ;
0 Ed. I. ""ABD Delete clause, 0 Than their own.
'™ A B O Delete p. a. '"ABC Add " Men's." '" ABC
Because. "" A Not possible. '" A B Them all.
"'ABC Thought.. ""ABC The observation of them.
'"AB Instead of "worship— God," read "Duties." G
" services." ""ABC Fell. ""ABC Despair. '"" A B
G Delete. '"'ABC Delete. "'"'ABC Murdered, D
Took their own lives. '""AB G Delete. '"* A B C Per
ceived. '""ABC Keep. '""Instead of "In— season," A
"All this while," B "All this, while," C "All this while."
D " Meanwhile." '"'ABC Never heard the, D Had never
heard the '""ABC Or. '""ABC The Summists. "°
Instead of " To— gather," read " Gather together the." "'
ABC Delete. '*' midKua^, ABC Qualifications, D Miti
gations.

72 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
to say, moderations, or favorable interpretations, to
the intent'*' to ease'** consciences, and yet they
bring not their purpose sufficiently to pass,'*' but
sometimes'** they snare and tangle consciences
more and more.'*' And in gathering together of
traditions, schools and sermons have been so occu
pied'** that they have'*' not had"" leisure once"'
to touch Scripture, and to seek the "" more profita
ble doctrine of faith, of the cross, of hope, of the
worthiness"' of civil or pohtical"* things,'" of
comfort"* of conscience in most bitter tempta
tions.'" Therefore"* Gerson and certain'" other
divines have grievously complained '*" that they
were so cumbered and entangled with '*' these pain
ful '*" traditions, that"' they could not occupy them
selves"* in a'** better kind of doctrine. And
Austin'** doth inhibit to charge consciences '*' with
such observations '** ; and full wisely doth '*' admon
ish and"" warn Januarie"' his friend,"" that he
»¦= ABC Delete all following " That." '"ABC
Unburden men's. ""ABC " Yet all will not serve, D
" And yet thereby they do not set the consciences free." '*"
C Meantime, D Rather at times. '"ABC They bring
more snares upon the conscience. ""ABC Begin sen
tence "The schools and pulpits have been so busied in gath
ering together the traditions," D " In the schools and in
their sermons, men have been so busy in,'' '*" A B G Delete.
'5" A B G Had not, D Reverts to Tav. '"' G Deletes '5'
ABC Out a. '5" ABC Dignity. '5* A B C Delete. '""
ABC Affairs. '""ABC Prefix the. '"' A B Perilous
assaults, 0 Arduous trials, D Severe aiffictions. '""ABC
Wherefore. '""ABC Same. '""ABC Made grievous
complaints. '"'ABC Instead of " So— with," read
"hindered by." '"'AB Brawls about, C These strifes
about. '""ABC So that. '"'ABC Be occupied. '"" A
BG Some. '"" AB St. Augustine, C Augustine. '"' AB
G Forbiddeth that men's consciences should be burdened.
'"" A B Such kind of observations, C Observations of such
kind. '"" A B And doth very wisely, G And doth very pru
dently. ""ABC Delete a. a., D Instead of a. a. w., reads
."advises." ''' ABG Januarius. "'ABC Delete

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 73
should "' know that they be "* to be observed and
kept "' indifferently ; for this is his term."* Where
fore we ought not to think that our learned men '"
have touched this matter without cause why,"* or'"
for'*' hatred of*' bishops, as some men,'*" falsely
do'** think.'** There was great necessity'** to
warn '** the churches of these '*' errors, which were
sprung out'** of traditions amiss understanden.
For the Gospel compelleth '**" to promote and set
forth '*' in the churches "" the doctrine of grace, and
the'" righteousness of faith; which, nevertheless,""
cannot'" be understanded,"* if men think'" that they
do"* merit remission of sins, and justification'" by
observations "* of their own election.'" Therefore"""
they taught"" on this wise,""" that by observation
and keeping of man's traditions,"" we cannot""*
get""* remission of sins and""* justification; and,
""A B C To, D That he must. ""A B C Are. '"ABC
Delete, and add " as though." ""ABC He so speaketh.
D These are his words, A indicates what follows in next
three sentences as the quotation from Januarius. '"ABC
Our ministers must not be thought to. ""AB Unadvisedly,
C Rashly. ""ABC Delete. '"» C From. '"'ABC Of
the. '"'ABC Delete. '"" A B G Transpose f. and d.
'"ABC Surmise. '""ABC Need. '""A B C Admonish.
'"'ABC Those. '""ABC Did arise, [D Had arisen].
from mistaking, [D such misunderstanding.] '"""ABC
Driveth men, C ut supra, adding men, D Urges us to in
culcate. '"" ABC For p. a. s. f., read " urge." ""ABC
Transfer i. t. c, to after " faith," reading however " church."
'"'ABC Of the. '"'ABC Yet, D Deletes. '""ABC
Can never. '"'ABC Understood. '"'ABC Suppose.
'""ABC Can. '"' C Has overlooked this variation of Ed. 2.
from Ed. i., B corrects, "Grace." '"" B C Observances.
'»» A B C Choice. '""ABC Thus therefore. '"'ABD
Have taught, C Teach. '"'ABC Delete. '""ABC
Transfer to after "justification," reading " the observation,"
and deleting " keeping of." '"'ABC Can never. '"» A
B G Merit. '"" G Grace or.

74 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
therefore, it is not to be thought ""' that such obser
vations be ""* necessary honors of God.""' They ""
add authorities "" of Scripture."'" Christ excuseth
the Apostles "" which "'* kept not the customable
and used "" tradition, which, nevertheless,"" seemed
to be a thing,"" not unlawful, but a mean thing,""
and to have certain"" affinity or neighborhood"""
with the baptisms or washings ""' of the Law, and
saith: " They honor """ me in vain with command
ments""* of men."""* Ergo, he""' requireth""* not""'
unprofitable honor.""* And a little after,""*" he add-
eth : " All things that ""' entereth into "" the mouth
doth not inquinate nor defile "" man." Paul also to
the Romans saith "'" : " The kingdom of God is not
meat, nor"" drink.""** Also to the Colossians "" :
" Let no man judge you in meat, drink. Sabbath
day, or holy day." """ Also a little after, he saith :
'"' A That we must not think, B G As A, deleting
" That." '""ABC Are. '"" A B Duties, G Services.
"" ABG Hereunto they. '"ABC Testimonies out.
'"ABC The Scriptures. ""ABC His disciples, C His
Apostles. "* C' Who, D When they did not observe.
""ABC Instead of c. a. u., read " Received;' D A Re
ceived. ""ABC Yet. '"ABC About a matter. ""A
B C Indifferent. ""ABC Some. ""ABC Delete o. n.
'" A B Delete " Baptisms or," C Deletes " Or washings,"
D Reads simply " Purifications." "' A B Worship. "' A
B The precepts, G The commandments. '" B G Add
Matth. XV. 9, D Matth. xv. 3, 9. ""ABC Christ therefore.
"" G Exacteth, D Does not exact. "'A B C No, D " An."
"" A B Worship, G Service. """ D Further on. ""AB
Delete "Things," G Whatsoever, D As in A. V. 2"" A B
G In at. '"'ABC Instead of " Doth— defile," read " De-
fileth not the." '"' Instead of " Paul— saith," A "Again
Rom. xiv.," D St. Paul, B "Also," 0 "So also Paul,"
C' " So also (Paul)." ^"" AB O And. '"* B Adds Rom.
xiv. 17, 0 Rom. 15 : 17. 235 instead of A. t. t. C, A reads
" Col. 2," B " Col. ii. : 16," G Transfers to after quota
tion, reading " Col. ii. : 16." '"5»A Drink or a part of a
holy day, B Or drink, or in a Sabbath, or in an holy day,

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 75
" If ye be dead with Christ from the elements "** of
the world, why, as though ye were living"" in the
world, do ye keep "** decrees "" : Touch thou "*" not,
taste thou not, handle thou not ?" "*' Peter "*' " also,
in the Acts,"*" saith: " Why do ye tempt"** God,
laying a yoke upon the necks of the disciples,
which neither we, nor our fathers"*'" were able to
bear ; but we believe to be saved as well as they, by
the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ.""** Here
Peter"**" forbiddeth to charge"*' consciences with
many rites and ceremonies,"** either of Moses or
else of others."*' And in the First Epistle to Tim
othy,"** Paul "*' calleth prohibition "" of meats the "¦''^
doctrine of devils "'" : for "" it is against "** the Gospel
to institute "" or do such works, that "'* by them we
may merit and get "" remission of sins "'* and right
eousness,"" or that"*" Christianity could not be"*'
without such an honoring of God."*"
G Or drink, or in respect of the Sabbath days, or, D As in
A. V. '""ABC Rudiments. '"'ABC Lived, D As
though living in the world. '"" A Are ye burdened with,
B C Subject to. '""ABC Traditions, D As A. V. Ordi
nances. ""ABC Delete " Thou " with each of the verbs.
'" B G Add ver. 20, 21. '"" St. Peter. '"ABC Delete
" Also— Acts." "" AB C Tempt ye. '*"" D " Our fathers,
nor we." ''"AB But, by the grace of our Lord Jesus
Christ, we hope to be saved, as did also they, C But we
believe that through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ we
shall be saved, even as they, B C Add Acts xv. 10, 11.
'"=' D St. Peter. '*" A B C Burden the. ""ABC Delete
a. c. '" ABC Whether they be of Moses' or of any
others' appointing, D Or of any others. '*" Instead of " In
—Timothy," A reads " i Tim. 4," B C Delete. "" A He,
G' He (Paul). '5" A B G The forbidding. '"'ABC " A."
'5' B G I Tim iv. i. '""ABC Because that, D "Be
cause," without " That." '5* A B Flat against. '55 A B C
Appoint. '5" A B G To the end that. '»' A B C Delete a. g.
'5" 0 Grace. '5" A B G " Or Justification ;" Ed. 2, Remiss.
pecc. etjust. ; Ed. I, Gratiam aut quod, etc. '"" A Because,
BG As though, ''"'AB There could be no Christianity,
G ut supra, substituting for " be," " exist." '"' ABC Them.

76 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION,
Here our adversaries object and lay"*' against us
that our men do prohibit "** discipline and mortifica
tion of the flesh, as Jovinian did ; but the contrary
shall be known"*' by the writings of our learned
men "** ; for they have always taught of the "*' cross,
that it behoveth Christian men to"** suffer"*' tribu
lations or"" afflictions. For"" this is the true, the
earnest and the"'" unfeigned mortification (I mean),""
to be exercised with diverse "'* afflictions, and to be
crucified with Christ. Moreover they teach that
every Christian man "" ought to exercise and sub
due himself with corporal exercises and labors,"'*
that saturiety and fulness of meats and drinks,"" or
slothfulness "'* do not provoke and"" prick him for
ward to "*" sin, but "*' not that we can deserve by
these exercises "*" remission "** of sin,"** or pardon of
eternal death."** And it behoveth to set forth this
corporal discipline at all times,"** and"*' not alonely"**
at"*' a few certain"" days, ordained to the same
'""A B C Delete a. 1. '"*A B G Ministers hinder all good,
D Hinder the discipline. '""ABC May be seen. '"" A
B C Our men's writings. '"'A B G Touching, D Concerning.
'"" A B That Christians must. '"" G Bear. ""ABC De
lete t. o. '"ABC Delete. '"ABC Delete " the " be
fore e. and u. ""ABC Delete. '" B G Divers. "" A B
G Delete. ""ABC Must so by bodily discipline or bod
ily exercises and labor, exercise and, A Keep under him
self, B C Keep himself under. '" A B That fullness, G
That plenty. ""ABC And sloth. ""ABC Delete p a
'""A B Up, C Substitutes for p. h. f., " Stimulate." '"' A B C
Delete. '"'ABG Not that he may, by such exercises
merit. '"" A Such remission. '"*AB The fault, C In
stead of r. o. s., reads " Grace." '"" A B Delete " Pardon,"
G Satisfy for sins ; Ed. l : Mereamur remissionem culpce aut
mortis CEterna;. '"" AB And this corporal discipline must
A Always be phed, B Be plied always, A Should be used
always. The MS. copy of G has " urged " ; " used " is prob
ably a typographical error. '"'ABC Delete '""ABC
Only. '"" A In, B C On. '"» AB And those set, G And
set. '

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 77
purpose,"" as Christ commandeth"'" : Cavete necorda
vestra graventur crapula "" .• " Beware"'* that "" your
hearts"'* be not grieved"" with surfeiting."""
Also "" : Hoc genus demoniorum non ejicitur nisi
oratione etjejunio "" .• " This kind of devils "' is not
cast forth"" but with'" fasting and prayer."*
Castigo corpus meum et in servitutem redigo "' .• " I
chastise "* my body, and bring it into "' servitude "*
and bondage,"'" where he showeth clearly'" that
he did '" chastise his body, not to deserve, by that
discipline,"" remission of sin,'" but to have his body
in bondage and apt to "* spiritual things, and to do
his calling.'" Therefore the fastings themselves
are not condemned,"* but the traditions which pre
serve and appoint'" certain days, certain meats
with peril of"* conscience,'" as though those man
ner of works '"" were necessary honorings '"' of
God.'""

'"'ABC Delete. '"'ABC According to the com
mandment of Christ. '""ABC Delete Latin. '"* A B G
Take heed. '"" G Lest, D Lest at any time. '"* A B Bod
ies, G Hearts. '"' AB Not oppressed, G "Overcharged,"
without "not." '"" B G Add Luke xxi. 34. '""ABC
Again. """ABC Delete Latin. ""' G (Of devils). ""' A
B Is not cast out, C Goeth not out. """ABC By. ""* C
Transposes f. and p, B C Add Matth. xvii. 21, AB G And
[D St. I Paul saith. """ABC Delete Latin. "»« G Keep
under. ""' A B Under. """ABC Subjection. """ABC
Delete a. b., B G Add i Cor. ix. 27.
"'"ABO Plainly showeth. ""ABG Add " Therefore."
""ABG That by [0 that] discipline, he might merit.
"'"ABC Sins. "'* A B C That his body might be apt and
fit for. "'5 ^ B O And to do his duty according to his
calling. "'"ABC We do not condemn fasts themselves.
" ' Instead of p. a. a., A B 0 read " Prescribe," "'"ABO
Danger to. "'" A B The consciences, 0 The conscience.
"'"ABO Such works as these. "" A B Duties, C A neces
sary service, Ed. 2, Necessarii, Ed. 2, Necessarius cultus.
""ABC Delete.

78 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
Yet many'"' traditions be kept'"*
which help to this,'"* that things be'"' done orderly
in the Church, as the order of the'"* lessons in the
Mass, and the chief'"' holy days"" be kept still."'
But in the mean season,"" men be warned'" that
such an honor'*' doth not justify or make right-
eons'*" before God, and that there is no sin to be
put'*' in such things, if they be omitted and'*" left
undone without slander or offending of any man.'*'
This*** in man's'** rites and traditions'** was not
unknown to the old'*' Fathers. For in the East'**
parts,**' they kept Easter in"" another time of the
year"' than they do"" at Rome. And when the
Romans'" accused the Easterlings "* of schism and
division*" for this dissimilitude and"* diversity,"*"
they were warned of other,"' that it is not neces
sary that such manners be like"* everywhere.
And an old Father,"' called Irenseus, saith that'*"
the diversity and dissonance of*' fasting breaketh
"'"AB Many of the, 0 Most of the, [D Of those.]
""ABC Are observed. "'"ABC Among. "'"ABC
Tend unto this end. ""ABC May be. "'"A BO
Delete. "'"ABG Chiefest, D reverts to Taverner. """ O
Holidays, D Holydays. ""'ABG Delete b. k. s. ""'A
B 0 Time. """ABG Are admonished. ""* A B C A
service, D Such service. "*" A B G Delete o. m. r. "*' C
It is not to be supposed there is [D It is a] sin. "*' A B
C Delete o. a., D To leave undone such things. "'" A So
it be without offence, B So it be without scandal, O With
out scandal, D Without giving offence. ""ABO Add
" Liberty." "*" ^ g q Human. "'"ABO Ceremonies.
"*' AB 0 Delete. "*" B Eastern. "*" AB Church, 0 De
letes. "5o^BQAt. "5' ABG Delete o.t.y. ""'ABC
Did. "5" A B When as they of the Church of Rome, C
When they of Rome. ""'A East Church, B Eastern
Church, C The East. ""5 ^ g q Delete a. d. """ABC
Delete d. a. """» D On account of this diversity. ""' A B
G Admonished by others. "5s instead of" That it is— like."
A B That such fashions should not be alike, C That such
customs need not be alike. """ABC Delete a o F c
"""ABC Delete. ""'ABC Disagreement about.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 79
not the unity and consonance'*" of faith. Like as
in 12 Distinct, Gregory, bishop of Rome,'*' signifi
eth'** that such a'*' dissimilitude'** hurteth not**'
the'** Church. And in the History Tripartite f^
the ^th Bookf"^ many examples of unlike'" rites
are gathered."" And these words are recited :'"
"The mind"'" of the Apostles was not to make
laws"* of Koly days,"' but to preach good conver
sation and godliness.""*
5. Of the Vows of Monastical or Religious
Persons.
If a man would call to remembrance what was
the state of abbeys or monasteries, how many
things were done daily in the self monasteries con
trary to the canonical laws, he shall the better per
ceive and understand what is taught with us of the
monastical vows.' In St. Austin's" time, the ab
beys or' monasteries were free colleges,* or com
panies, to enter and depart at will.' Afterward,*
""'A B G Doth not break off the agreement, D Does not
violate the unity. """ABC Besides Pope Gregory in the
1 2th Distinct. ""*AB Insinuateth, C Intimates. """ABC
Delete. """ABC Diversity. ""' ABG Doth not hurt.
"""ABC The unity of the. """ABC Transpose H. and
T. "'"ABC Lib. 9. "" A B Different, G Dissimilar.
""ABC Add " Together." "'"ABC There rehearsed.
"'"" D Intention. "'* A B C Give precepts. "'" C Concerning
holidays, D Holydays. "'" A B Godliness and a good con
versation, B Godliness and a holy life.
'ABC What is taught amongst [C D Among] us
touching [D Concerning] the vows of monks [D Monastic
vows] shall [B C Will] be better understood, if you [B G
One] call to mind what was the state of monasteries, and
how many things were every day committed in the monas
teries, contrary to the canons. 'ABC In Augustine's.
"ABO Delete t. a. or. * A B Colleges, B Cloister-frater
nities, D They were free fraternities. "ABC Delete " Or
—will." "ABG Prefix " But," which D Deletes.

80 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
when godly conversation' was corrupt,* vows were
added everywhere,' even" as it were a bond or
prison devised" for restitution of godly conversa
tion or discipline.'" Many other observances, be
side vows, were added by process of time." And-
these bonds'* were cast upon the necks of" many
before lawful and convenient age," contrary to the
canonical laws." Many" fell into this kind of
living " through error, which,"" though they were
of sufficient age,"' yet they could not"" judge their
own""" strength and power;"' they that"* were so
trapped,"' were compelled"* to abide still,"' yea,"*
though the canons were so beneficial to them,"'
that" they might have been delivered." And this
happened also more'" in Monasteries of women"
than of men,'* notwithstanding that" the weaker
sex or kind'* ought more to have been" spared.
'ABC Instead of g. c, read " Discipline.'' "ABC Cor
rupted. " A Everywhere vows were laid upon them, B G
Vows were everywhere 1. u. t. '"A B G That. "A By a new
devised prison, BG In a newly devised prison. " ABC
The discipline might be restored again, D Transposes this
clause before " As it were." '" A Over and besides vows,
by little and little many other observances were added,
B G O. a. b. v. many other observances by little and little
w. a. "ABG Bands and snares, D Reverts to Tav.
"ABC Delete t. n. o., D "Were laid upon many."
'"ABC They came to ripe years. "ABC Canons.
'"ABC Transfer " Through error." '"ABC Life. '» A
B C Who. " A Wanted no years, B C Wanted not [D
Did not lack] years. "A B G Wanted discretion to. ""A
B;G Delete. "ABG Ability. " A B Which, C Who.
"ABC Were once got within these, D Who thus had got
into these, AB Snares, G Nets. '"ABC Constrained.
"ABC Delete, and add " In them." '"ABC Delete, D
Even. '"ABC By the benefit of the Canon. ""ABC
Delete. "'ABC Some might be set at liberty. "'ABC
And that fell out rather, D This occurred. "" A Nunneries,
B G Monasteries [D Convents] of nuns. "* A In the
colleges of monks. B G Of monks. "" A B Because, G
Although. ""ABC Delete o. k. "' AB Was more to be.

. THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 81
This rigor and straitness" displeased" many good
men before this time,*" which*' saw maids*" and
young men to be*' thrust down** into monasteries**"
for a** living. They** saw how unhappily that
purpose did prosper,*' what slanders** it brought
forth,*' what" snares it did cast" upon con
sciences.'" They were sorry" that the authority
of the law canon** was utterly" neglected and de
spised'* in a thing most perilous." To these'*
evils was" added such a persuasion of*' vows,
wherewith, yea the monks and religious men
themselves (as is well known) have been in time
past discontent.*' If any*" were anything more
wise*' or of better wit and judgment** than other,**
they taught (I say)** vows to be*' equal with**
baptism, and that they, by that kind of living,*'
deserved " remission of sins and righteousness "
before God. Yea, they added'" that the Monkish"
life not only deserved'* righteousness before God,
"»AB 0 Severity, D Deletes a. s. ""A B Misliked. *" A
BO Heretofore. "ABO When they. "'ABC Prefix
"Young." «ABG Delete. "AB Up, C Deletes. "" D
Convents. « A B G There to get their. '"ABAnd. "A
B G And saw what an unhappy success [C Issue] this coun
sel had. '"ABC Offences. *"ABG Brought forth. ""ABC
Prefix " And." "lA B C Laid. "' A B Prefix " Men's," D
"The." 53ABG Grieved. "* Instead of 1. c, A B C Read
" Canons." 55A B G Wholly. "^A B G Contemned. 5' AB
C Dangerous. 58 ABC All these. "9 ABC There was.
"" C Concerning. "'ABG As it is well known, did in
former times mislike [0 Displease, D Displease those of]
the monks themselves. "'ABG Add " Of them." D Who
were. "" A B Somewhat stouter, C Somewhat wiser. "* A
B G Delete " Or— judgment." "" ^BC The rest. "" AB
Forsooth, C Deletes. "' A B C That vows were. ""ABC
To. ""AB Touching single life, they taught that it, G
They taught that, by this kind of life, they. '"ABC Mer
ited. "ABG Justification. "AB Instead of t. a., read
" Farther." '"ABC Monk's. '*AB C Did not only merit.

82 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION,
but also a more and a greater thing," because it
kept'* not only the precepts," but also the coun
sels of"" the Gospel. Thus they made men be
lieve'* that the profession of such religion" was
far*" better than baptism, and that the monkish"
life was more meritorious*" than the life of rulers,"
yea, than the life of** pastors and of*' such like,
which** served" their vocation and** calling in the
commandment of God, without feigned and cloaked
religions." None of these things can be denied,
for they be apparent in their own books:'" What
was after done" in monasteries?'" In old time,'""
they" were schools of Holy Scripture'* and of"
other disciplines'* which are" profitable to the
Church, and from'* thence were taken" pastors
and bishops. Now it is another thing.'"" It need-
eth not"' to rehearse things known.'"" In old
time'""" they came together'"' to learn. Now"*
'"ABC Instead of "Also— thing," read "More than
that." '"ABC Observed. " A B G Commandments.
"»A In. '"ABC And thus they taught. '"AB
G Monk's profession, D Monastic vow. ""ABC Delete,
D Restores. "'ABC Monk's. "' A B G Did merit more,
D Reverts to Tav. ""ABC Magistrates. "* A B C De
lete "Yea-of." ""ABC Delete. "" G Who, ABC
Transfer hither, and read AB "In the obedience of [G In
obedience to] God's commandment," D " In accordance
with God's commands." "'ABC Followed. ""ABC
Delete v. a. ""ABC Without any such religion [C Reli
gions, D Services] of man's making. "" Instead of " For
—books," ABG read : " They are to be seen [D Found]
in their [D Own] writings." "' AB " Fell out afterward,"
G Occurred. "ABC Prefix "The." "'» D Formerly.
"" A B There. "'ABC For the study of, A B Divinity,
G Sacred Letters. ""ABC Delete. ""AB Arts, G
Branches of knowledge. "'ABC Were, D Deletes
"which were." ""ABC Delete. ""ABC Transpose
"taken," and D " were taken," to after " Bishops." '"" A
B C But now the case is altered. '"'ABC It is needless.
'"' AB Their vows, 0 What is notorious. '"'" D Formerly
'""AB C Add ; " Into such places." '»*A B O Prefix " But "

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 83
they feign that it is a kind of living,"* ordained to
deserve forgiveness"* of sins and justification, yea,
they preach'"' that"* it is a state of perfection, and
they'" prefer it far above'" all other kinds of
living,'" ordained of God."" We have rehearsed'"
these things, laying on odiously nothing"* more
than truth, to the intent"' that the doctrine of our
men"* might be the better understanded,'" con
cerning this matter.
First, of" those that'" contract'"" matrimony,'"'
thus they'"'" teach with'"" us that it is lawful to
all'"' men'"* which'"* are'"* not mete'"' to live un
married,'"* to contract matrimony ; for '"' vows can
not take away'"'" the ordinance and commandment
of God."" But this'" is"" the commandment of
God, that every man have his wife, for the avoid-
'"5 A B 0 Life. '""ABO Taken up [D Instituted] to
merit remission ; A B O follow Ed. i ; " Grace " is reading
of Ed. I ; so D. '"'ABO Say. '""ABO Delete. '"" A
B 0 Delete. ""ABG Delete f. a., D Place it far above.
'" A B Kind of lives, O Kinds of fife, C' adds The kinds.
'"ABC That God [Has] ordained. ""ABC Therefore
[D Deletes "Therefore,"] mentioned. "* AB Amplify
ing nothing odiously, G Not to excite odium — exaggerating
nothing, D Not, out of spite, exaggerating anything." ""
ABG Delete " More— intent." "" G Churches, ABC
Transpose hither the final clause, c. t. m. '"ABC De
lete t. b., and read " understood," D reverts to Tav. "" A
B Touching, C Concerning. ""ABC Such as. "" AB
Join in. '"ABC Marriage. '"" D Transposes. '" C
Among. ""ABC For any. "* A B C Delete and trans
pose final clause, reading "To marry." '"ABC That
"" A Is. "' A B Fit for, C Adapted for. ""ABC A
single life, D Celibacy. ""ABC Forasmuch as, D re
verts to Tav. '2"" D Do away with. '"" A B God's ordin
ance and commandments, G God's commandment, D
God's ordinance and command. '"'ABC Delete ' ' But
this," D Restores " But," reading " But the command of
God is." '"ABC Transpose to after " Is."

84 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
ance of fornication.'" Not"* the commandment"*"
only, but also the creation and ordinance of God,
compelleth them to marry,'" which,"* without the
singular'" work of God. be"* not excepted,"' ac
cording to the text:'*" "It is not good to a'*' man
to be alone.'"*" Therefore, they'** do not commit
any sin,'** which obey'*' this commandment and
ordinance of God.
What can be objected'** against these things?
Let men'*' extol'** the obligation and'*' bond of
the vow as much as they list,"" yet they shall not"'
bring to pass that the vow may"" take away""" the
commandment of God.'" The very"* Canon laws'"
teach that "* the authority and '*' right of the supe
rior is excepted in every vow. Wherefore much
less "* these vows "' be anything worth ; since they
be against the commandment of God. Also'*" if'*'
the bond'*" of vow"' should'** (as they say) have'**
'""A B G "To avoid fornication, let every man have his
[G own] wife," B G Add i Cor. vii. 2. '"* A B C Prefix
" And," and transfer " only." '"''^ D Command. '""ABC
Such unto marriage. '""ABC As. '"'ABC SpeciaL '"" A
B G Are. '""ABC Exempted. ""ABC That saying.
'*' A B C For, D That the man should. '*' B C Add Gen.
ii. 18. ""ABO Transpose with "Therefore." '"ABC
Transpose to after " God," and read, " Do not offend [0
sin.] "= A B O That are obedient to. "«A B 0 Said.
"'A BOA man. ""A B Amplify, C Exaggerate, D Exalt.
'*" A B G Delete t. o. '""ABC He will. '5' A B G Can
he never. '5' A B C Shall. '"^^ D Do away with. '5" A
BG God's commandment, D The command of God.
'5<A B G Delete. '55 A B G Canons. '""ABC Transfer
" In every vow." '"' AB G Delete a. a. '"^ ABC Much
less therefore can. '5" AB G Read, " which are contrary
to God's commandment [D " command "] be of force "
'""ABC Delete. '"'ABC If so be that, D If the.
^ C Obligation. '« A B C Vows. '"* A B Had, C Has,
D Reads after " vows," " From no cause whatever might
be changed." '""ABC Delete " As— have."

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. SI5
no causes'** wherefore'*' it might be changed,'**
the bishops of Rome'*' would not have dispensed
therewith; for it is not"" lawful for man"'" to dis
annul""" a'" bond,'"" which is altogether of"" the
law of God. But it is so that'" the bishops of
Rome"' have prudently judged"* an equity and a
favorable interpretation to be had in this obligation
and bond,"' and,"* therefore, we read that they"'
have dispensed many times '*" with vows. The his
tory of the king of Aragon, which was daweigned
and called"' from the monastery, is known well'*"
enough,'** and examples of our time be apparent
and open.'**
Moreover, wherefore'** do our adversaries am
plify and extol'** the bond or the effect'*' of the
vow, and make so much business about it,'** when '*'
'""A B C Cause, C Restores " causes." '"'A B G Why.
'""A B C Add " Then," and transfer " would not, A B read
ing " could not," and C " should not," D Deletes. '""A
B The Roman Bishops, C The Roman Pontiffs, D After
" Pontiff," " Would have." "" A B Indeed it is not, C
Neither is it, D as in Tav. ""» D " A man.'' """ D "An
nul. '"ABC That. '"" D Obligation. '"ABG
Doth simply belong to, D exists directly of Divine right.
""ABC Delete " It— that." "" A B Roman bishops, G
Roman pontiffs. "" A B Judged very wisely, C J. v., [D
Deletes " very " prudently. '" Instead of " An — bond," A
B read "That in this bond there must an equity be used,''
C T. i. t. obligation, t. m. equity b. u., D Equity must be
observed. ""ABC Delete " And." "" A B They are
often read to. C They often, as we read.
'""ABC Substitute for m. t., " Often," as in 179. '"' A
B C Instead of " Which— called," read " Being called back
again." '"' AB C Transpose k. and w. '"" AB C Delete.
'"* AB There be many examples of our time. C There are
[D Also] examples in our own times. '""ABC Secondly,
why. '"" ABC Instead of a. a. e., read " Exaggerate."
'"' Instead of b. o. e., 0 reads " Obligation.'' '""ABO
Delete " And— it." '"" A B When as.

86 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
in the mean season "" of the self" nature of the ""
vow, they spake not one word, how it "' ought to
be in a thing possible, and how it"* ought to be
willingly,'" freely"* and, with'" deliberation, con
ceived."* But"' how"" perpetual chastity is in the
power of man,"" it is not unknown. And how
few""" be"" there which do freely and deliberately
vow!""* Maidens"" and young men,""* before they
can""' judge, be"°* persuaded and enticed"" to
vow,"" yea and"" sometimes also they be"'" con
strained. Wherefore it is not equally done,"'* to dispute so
straitly"" of the bond"" when"" all men will""
grant "" that thing to be """ against the nature of a
vow, which""' is not freely,""" but suddenly and
rashly taken.""* Many canon laws""* do""* admit""*
'""ABC Time. All transfer " They— word " hither, read
ing " Speak," and " A word." '"'ABO Very. '"'ABO
A. '""A Instead of h. i., read "Which," O " That it."
'"' Instead of h. i., A B read " Which." '""ABC In
stead of w. f., read " Voluntary." '""ABC And taken
of a man's [D One's] own accord. '"' A Adds " Advice
or." '""ABC Delete. '""ABC Transfer from close of
sentence i. i. n. u. '"»B C How far. '"'A B C A man D Re
verts to Tav. '"' A Many. B G Many an one, ABC Add
" Amongst [D Among] them." ^oa ^g ^ Is. '"'ABC
That doth vow [D Has vowed] of his own accord, and A
B With advice, G Well advised. '"" A Wenches. '"" A
Maids, B G "Youths," instead of y. m. '"'ABC Know
how to. '""A B C Are. '""A B C Delete a. e. ""ABC
Transfer to close of sentence, D Reads " To take vows."
"'ABC Delete. '"A B C Delete t. b. ""AB C Compelled.
"* Instead of e. d., AB C read "Meet." ""ABC Rig
orously. "" G Obligation. "'ABC Seeing that. "" A
B G Delete. ""ABC Confess. "" A That is, B G It is.
'" G That it. '"ABC Done of a man's [D One's] own
accord. ™ Instead of " But— taken," AB read "Nor ad
visedly," G " But unadvisedly." "* AB G The Canon for
the most part. "" C Deletes. ""ABC Disannul, D
Annul.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 8'7
vows made ""' before the age of xv. years ; ""* for ""'
before "" that age, there appeareth "" not to be "'" so
much judgment in a person"" to determine"'*
upon "" a perpetual life. Another canon granting
yet"'* more liberty"" to the weakness of man,"^*
addeth "" more years,""" inhibiting "*" a vow to be
made before the age of xviii. years."*' But
whether"*" of them"*' soever"** we"** follow,"**
certes "*' the most "** part hath "*' a very lawful and
just"" excuse, why they should forsake"" their"*"
monasteries, because "" they "°* vowed before those

, 255

ages. Finally,"'* yea"*' although"** the violation and""
breaking of the "*" vow could "" be reproved "*" ; yet
it shall not forthwith follow "*' that the marriages of
such persons, as have, against their vow, married,"**
ought "** to be dissolved and broken."**
'"ABC Which are made. ""AB Before one
be fifteen years of age, O Before fifteen years of age. "" A
B G Because that. '""ABC Add " One come [D comes]
to " '"' A He seemeth, B C There seemeth, D There does
not seem. '"' A Have. '""ABC Delete i. a. p. '"* A As
to determine, B G That determination be made. '"" A B
Of, 0 Concerning. ""ABC Permitting, D Making a
greater concession to. '"'ABC Delete. '""ABC Men.
'""ABC Doth add. '""" ABO Some years more. "° A
BO For it forbiddeth. '"ABC One be [D Is] eighteen
years of age. '*' 0 Which. ""ABC These. '"ABC
Delete. '" ABO Shall we. ""ABC"? " '" A
BO Delete. ""ABC Greatest. "" 0 Have. ""In
stead of " A— jvst," ABC read " This," D A vaUd. "' A
B Why they forsake, 0 For forsaking, D Leaving. '»' A
B O Delete. "" A That for the most part, B That. '"* B
0 Most of them. "5 ABO They came to this age. '""A
BO Last of all. '5' AB Delete, 0 Even. '"" 0
Though. "" AB 0 Delete, v. a '"" A B C "A." '"' A
B May, C Were to. '"'ABC Reprehended J'' AB
Followeth not, C seems not to directly follow '"* ABC
Delete " As-married." '"'ABC Are. '""ABC Delete
a. b.

88 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
For Saint"*' Augustine"** denieth"*' that they
ought to be broken."" 17. 9. i. Capitulo. Nuntia-
tum. Whose"" authority is not light,"'" although
other men"" afterward thought"'* other ways.""
But though "'* God's commandment of marriage ""
maybe thought to deliver many"'* from their""
vows ; yet our men "*" bring also "*' another reason
concerning vows, that they be frustrate "*" and vain.""
For every honoring"** of God, ordained and
chosen"" of men without the commandment"**" of
God to deserve"** remission of sin"*' and justifica
tion, is wicked ; as Christ saith : " They honor me
in vain"** with commandments of men." And"**"
Paul teacheth everywhere"*' that righteousness is
not to be sought of the"'" observations"" and
honors,"'" devised "" by men, but that it cometh by
faith to them"'* that"'*" believe that they"" have
'"'ABC Delete. '""ABC Transfer close of sen
tence, reading " In his 27th quest., 1st chapt. Of Mar
riages." '""ABC Doth deny. "" A B G Dissolved.
'"ABC And his. '"ABC Not lightiy to be esteemed, D
Not to be esteemed lighdy. ""ABC Others. "* A B G
Have thought. ""ABC Otherwise. ""ABO And al
though. '"ABC The commandment [D command] of
God touching wedlock. ""ABC Doth [D seems to] free
most men. ""ABC Delete. '"" Teachers. '"'ABC Do
also bring. '"' G To show that they are void. '""ABC
Delete. '"* A B G Because that [D Deletes " that "] all
the worship. '"" Instead of o. a. c, ABC read " Institu
ted." '"5^ D Command. '""ABG And chosen to merit.
'"'ABC Sins, ABC here follow Ed. 2, " Grace " is read
ing of Ed. I., C Grace and Justification. D "Justification
and grace." '"" A B Do in vain worship me, G follows—
A. K, B G add Matt. xv. 9. '""* D "St. Paul." '""ABC
Doth everywhere teach. '""A Out of our, B C Of our own.
'"' B C Observances. '"'A Those worships, B worships, G
services. ""ABC Prefix " which are." '"* A B G Those.
'"*" D Who. '"" In the rest of the sentence, Eds. i and 2 vary,
Tav. and A B following Ed. 2, and C Ed. i. Ed. 2, reads Se
habere Deum placatum ef propitium propter Christum, non
propter ulla nostra merita. For reading of C, See Note 296.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 89
God pacified and merciful through "'* Christ, and ""
not for any our merits."'* But clear it is"" that
monks'"" and friars'"' have taught"" that these
feigned and made "' religions deserve remission of
sins and justification, and that they make amends
for sins.'"* I pray you '"' what thing"* else is this,
but'*^ to detract and pluck away'"* from the glory
of Christ, and to darken,'" yea"" and to'" deny the
righteousness of faith ? Ergo,"" ' it followeth of
necessity'" that these accustomed and usual vows"*
be"* wicked honorings of God."* Wherefore they
be vain and of none effect.'" For that vow which
is wicked and'"* against the commandment'" of
God, is nothing worth '"" ; for no vow ought to be a
bond of wickedness, as the canon itself saith.'"'
Paul saith : " Ye be avoided from Christ ; ye be
fallen from grace, which be justified in the Law "'"" *
'""AB Reconciled to them for, C "Are received into favor
by God, for Christ's sake." '"'A B Delete. '""A Any of their
merits, B Any merits of their own, '""ABC It is evident.
»»" A B C The monks. ""'ABC Delete a. f. ""'ABC
Did teach, D reverts to Tav. "°" A Made or counterfeited,
B Counterfeited, D Services devised by men. "°* A B
Following Ed. 2, " Do deserve remission of sins and justifi
cation, and that they do satisfy for sins," C following Ed. i.
Satisfy for sins, and merit grace and justification. """ABC
Delete. """ABC Delete. ""'ABC Than. """A B G Delete
a. p. a. """ABC Obscure. "'"ABC Delete. ""ABC
Delete. ""ABC Wherefore. "'"ABC "Delete o. n.
"" A B Vows thus used, G Common vows. "'"ABC
Were. "'" A B Worships, C services. "" A B And there
fore they be of no value, C And are therefore void. "'" A
B C A wicked vow, [D A vow that is wicked] and that [D
Deletes " That''] which is made. "'" C Commandments.
"" A B D Of no force, C One of no force.
"" A B Neither ought a vow to be a bond of iniquities,
as the canon saith, C Neither, as the canon saith, ought,
etc. "" A B "Ye are made void of Christ which seek to
be justified by the law; ye are fallen from grace," G fol
lows A. V, B C Add Gal. v. 4. What follows between * and
7

90 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
(that is to wit) they that think to deserve remission
of sins with their own works, and to please God,
for their own fulfilling of the law, and which do not
feel that for Christ they freely take by faith remis
sion of sins, given them by the mercy of God, and
that for Christ they please God. These lose
Christ ; for the trust due to Christ and to the promise
of God, they remove away and apply to works.
Also they plead against the wrath of God, not
Christ, the mercy-stock, but their own works, so
that the honor due to Christ they apply to their
works. But it is clear that monks and religious
persons teach this (I mean) that they deserve re
mission of sins with their observations, and that
they have a God merciful to them for this cause.
wherefore they teach men to trust in their works,
and not in the propitiation and mercifulness of
Christ. This trust is ungodly, wicked and con
trary to the Gospel, and, in the judgment of God,
it shall be found void ; for our works may not be
pleaded against the wrath and the judgment of
God. The wrath of God is mitigated and suaged
the H " It is no light slander," in Taverner.and A B is from
Ed. 2 (which the Variata afterwards adopted). C from Ed.
I continues : " They therefore who wish to Ije justified by
vows, are made void of Christ and fall from grace. For
they also who attribute justification to their vows, attribute
to their own works what properly belongs to the glory of
Christ. Nor truly [D deletes " Truly "] can it be denied,
that the monks [D Have] taught that they are justified by
their vows and observances, and merit the remission of
sins; nay, they [D Have] invented yet greater absurdities,
and said they could transfer [D " Lend "] their good works
to others. If any man wished to expand these things, so as
to excite odium, how many things might he rehearse where
of the monks themselves are now ashamed. Moreover
they would persuade [D "Have persuaded"] men that
these invented religious orders [D Self-devised services]
are a state of Christian perfection. Or [D deletes " Or "J

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 91
only when we conceive and take by faith the free
mercy promised through Christ. Therefore they
lose Christ which put their trust, not in Christ, but
in their own works. Furthermore, the monks,
friars and religious men did teach their kind of
living to be a state of perfection, because they kept
not alonely the precepts, but also the counsels.
This error is most repugnant to the Gospel, be
cause they have feigned themselves so to have ful
filled the commandments, that they do more also
than they be bounden to. And out of this hath
sprung an horrible error in that they feigned them
selves to have merits of supererogation, that is to
say, more than they were bounden to have. These
merits they have applied for other, to be satisfac
tions for other men's sins. These things, if any
man were disposed odiously to handle, how many
things might he rehearse of which even the re
ligious persons themselves be now ashamed.
It is no light slander'"' in the Church to purpose
and set forth to'"* the people any honoring of
God,'"' devised by men without the commandment
of God, and to teach that such an honor'"* doth
justify men and make them righteous.'"' For'"*
the righteousness of faith in Christ,'"' which chiefly
ought'" to be taught in the Church, is thus"' ob
scured and darkened,"" while*" these wonderful
and angelical religions,"* as this feigned pov-
is this not ascribing justification to works?" "'"ABC
Offence. "'* A B C To propound unto. "" A B A certain
service, C A certain worship. "'" A B Worship, G Service.
""ABC Delete a. m. t. r. "'"ABC Because that, D re
verts to Tav. "'" G Deletes i. C. ; the clause belongs to Ed.
2 """ABC Ought especially. ""' A B 0 Delete. ""'A
B O Delete a. d. """ A When as, B G When. '"* A B O
Those marvellous religions [D This marvellous worship]
of angels.

92 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
erty, this cloaked humility,'" this hypocritical
chastity "* be "' cast before the eyes of men."*
Furthermore "' the precepts **' of God and the true
honor'*' of God be'*" darkened,**' obscured and
defaced,'** when'*' men do'** hear that only monks,
friars, canons and nuns be in the'*' state of perfection.
For the very perfection of a Christian man is
another thing.'** It is '*' earnestly to dread God,'"
and again to conceive faith,"' and to trust that we
have God '"" pacified "" and contented "' for Christ's
sake, to ask of God and surely to look for help'**
in all things that we have to do '" according to our
calling. And in the mean season to do good
works outwardly,"* to serve"' our vocation. In
these things is the"* true perfection and true"'
honor'*" of God,'*' and not in the unmarried'*" life,
or in begging,'" or in vile and filthy "* clothes.'*'
Also the people'** conceive many noxious and
""5 From "As," ABC "The pretence of poverty and
humility." """AB And of single fife, 0 And of ceh-
bacy. ""'ABC Are. """ A B 0 Men's eyes. """ AB
0 Moreover. "'" ABO Commandments. ""ABO Wor
ship. "*' A B 0 Are. "'"ABC Delete. ""ABC De
lete. "'"A Whenas. "*" B C Delete. ""ABC That [D
The] monks alone are in that [D The]. "*" ABC Because
that [D For] Christian perfection is this. "'"ABC Delete
i. i. "5" A B 0 Fear God sincerely. ""'ABO Great faith.
"5'^ABC Assuredly that God is, D Assuredly that, for
Christ's sake, we have a reconciled God. ""'ABC Add
"Toward us." """ABC Delete a. c. ""'ABC To ask-
and certainly to look for help from God. ""5 A B G Our
affairs. "56 ^-qq And outwardly to do good works dili
gently, D To do -diligently good works. ""' A B And to
tend upon, C To attend to. """ABC Instead of " Is the,"
read "Doth," D Restores "The" and deletes "Doth."
"5" A B C The true. """ABC Worship. ""'ABC Add
" Consist." ""'ABC It doth not consist in singleness of
life [D Celibacy]. """ A B G Beggary. ""* ABG Delete
a f. ""5 A B G Apparel. """ A B The people also doth, G
[D But] The people doth also [D Deletes "Also"].

a

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 93
perilous"' opinions of those false praisings'** of
the '**" Monkish '*' life. They heare chastity "" (for
so these religious persons call it) '" praised with
out"" measure; therefore the people do lead their
life in marriage with offence and grief of con
science."' They hear that only beggars"* be
perfect; therefore"' they keep possessions"* and
occupy the world'" with an inward remorse of
conscience. They hear that it is a coun.sel of the
Gospel "* not to avenge ; '" therefore private per
sons,'*" hearing this,'*' be '*" not afraid to avenge,'*'
for they hear that it is but*** a counsel, and*** not
a commandment. Other there be which judge***
that all rule'*' and civil offices be unmeet for'**
Christian men,**' and as though they could not
stand with good Christianity.'" There be'" read
examples of men which, forsaking marriage"" and
""' Instead of n. a. p.. ABC read " Pernicious." """A B C
Commendations. """" D Deletes. """ A B Monastical, C
Monastic. "'" AB That single life is, C simplv " Celibacy.''
""ABC Delete parenthesis. "'ABC Above. "'" AB
They live in marriage with offence of conscience, C With
off. of consc. they live in mar. D Adopts order of AB, in
stead of last clause reading: "With a troubled conscience."
""ABC Transpose b. and o., C "Mendicants only are,''
D " Beggars only are." "'" G Transfers hither last clause,
reading as also do AB : "With offence of conscience,'' D
"With a troubled conscience." "'"AB Prefix "Their."
""ABC Buy and sell. "'"ABC The Gospel [AB Only]
giveth counsel, D Almost ut supra : " That it is merely a
counsel of the Gospel." "'" A Revenge, B G Take revenge.
""" AB Some that lead a private life, C Some in private
life, D Some are not afraid to avenge themselves in private
life. ""'ABC Delete. ""^ ABC Are. """ A Revenge
themselves, B G Avenge themselves. ""* A B C Delete.
"""ABO Delete. '""ABO Others do think. ""'ABO
Magistracy. """ABG Are unworthy. """ABG A Chris
tian man, 0' D Christian men. """ABO Delete all after
" And." ""'ABO We. ""'ABO Who leaving wedlock.

94 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
forsaking'" the administration and rule"* of the
commonwealth, have hid themselves in abbeys
or'" monasteries, and"* this,'" called"* they, to
flee'" out of the world, and to seek*" a kind of
living*"' that should more please*"" God. Neither
did they see that God ought*" to be served in
those precepts*"* which He himself did give and
teach,*"' and *"* not in c&mmandments *"' devised *"*
by men. It*" is a good and a*" perfect kind of
living,*" which hath the precept *'" of God for it.*"
It is necessary to admonish and warn*'* men of
these things. And before this time *" also,*" Ger
son rebuketh *" the *'* error of religious persons, as
touching perfection,*" and witnesseth*"" that*"' to
say the monkish or religious life to be a state of
perfection, was but a new found holy day, and
strange saying even in this time. So*"" many
wicked opinions hang in*"* vows,*"'" as that they
deserve*"* remission of sins and justification,*"* that
"""ABC Leaving. ""* Instead of "Administration and
rule," ABG read " Government." """ABC Delete "ab
beys or." """ABC Delete. ""' A B That. """ABC
Transpose c. and t. """ A B To fly, G Flying, D Fleeing.
*"" G Seeking. '"'ABC Life. «' A B C Which is mofe
acceptable to. ""ABC Is. *»* A B G Commandments.
'""ABC Hath delivered. *"" A B G Delete «' A B C
Prefix " The." '""ABC Prefix " Which are." ""ABO
That. ""ABO Delete. '"ABC Life. "'ABC Command
ment. "" A B Its warrant. "* A B G Delete a. w. "" A
B G These times. ""ABC Delete. "'ABC Did repre
hend. ""ABC This. "" A Error of the perfection of
monks, B G E. of the monks, touching perfection. *'" A
Prefixes " He," D Testifies. *" What follows, A B C In
his time this was a new saying [A A new or strange voice]
that the monastical life is a state of perfection. ¦"'ABC
Thus, D Reverts to Tav. ""ABO Do cleave fast unto,
D Cling to. «» The vows. '"ABO Merit. «" This
constant formula of Ed. 2 has not been changed bv C or
0'. O', D As that they justify.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 95
they be*"* the*"' Christian perfection, that they
keep *"* the counsels and the commandments, that .
they have superfluity of good works.*"' All these
things, since *" they be false and contrary to Christ's
doctrine, make vows to be*" vain and of none
eff"ect.*'"
7. Of the Power of the Church.
Great disputations have been of the power" of
bishops, in which many"" men' have confusedly*
mingled together the power of the Church,' and
the power of the sword. Of* this confusion,' great
battles, great unquietness* have proceeded, while'
bishops " bearing themselves bold upon" the power
of the'" Keys, not alonely have instituted and
begun " new '* honors " of God, and not only have '*
burdened consciences," with reservation '* of cases,
and with " violent excommunications and cursings,""
but also have "' translated and removed "" the king-
"" ABG Are, D Constitute. ¦"' A B 0 Delete. ""A
B C Do keep. ""A B 0 Works of supererogation. '»" A
B O Seeing that, D Being false. '"'ABG Delete " Con
trary—be." '"'ABC After "Vain," " Do make vows to be
of none effect," D " They also make the vows invalid."
'ABG There have been great controversies touching.
' A B Add " And authority." '• D Some. "ABG Delete.
* A B O Incommodiously, D In an unseemly manner.
'ABC Ecclesiastical power. "ABG Prefix " And out."
'ABC Transfer hither the verb, reading, "There have
[A hath] sprung." "ABG For g. b. g. u., read, " Very
great wars and tumults." "ABG Add, "That the."
'" A B Popes, 0 Pontiff's. " O Trusting in. "A Deletes.
'"ABG Have not only appointed, D Instituted. "ABO
Add " Kinds of." " A B Worship and ABG Service.
'"A B 0 Delete n. o. h. "A B 0 Prefix " men's." '"A B 0
By reserving. " A B 0 By. '"ABO Delete a. c. " A
B But also have labored, O But have also endeavored.
"ABO For t. a. r., " To transfer."

96 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
doms of the world,"* and gone about "* to take"* away
the Empire from the Emperors."* Well disposed
and learned men have "' reproved "* these vices in
the Church long since. Therefore "' our preachers,"
to the intent" to'" comfort'"" consciences," were
constrained to show the difference of* the ecclesi
astical power, and of the power of the sword," and
have" taught that either" of them, because of*
God's commandment, is " to be had in great rever
ence and honor,*" as high benefits *' of God upon
earth. And thus our learned men think ; *" this is
their opinion,*' that the power of the keys, or the
power of the bishops according to ** the Gospel, is
a power or a commandment,**" of*' God, to preach **
the Gospel, to remit and retain, loose and bind sins,*'
and to minister** sacraments. For with that com
mandment, Christ sendeth forth his Apostles, say
ing *' : " As my " Father hath sent me, even " so
I send you. Take '" the Holy Ghost ; whose sins
'"A B G Worldly kingdoms from one to another. "A B G
Delete g. a. '"A B Spoil, C Despoil. '"A B C Emperors of
their power and authority. "ABC Transpose reading,
"These faults did [D have] godly and learned men long
since." '"A (Ungrammatically) Reprehended, B G Repre
hend, D " Reprehended," (see 27). '"ABC And for that cause.
""A B Divines, C Teachers, ABC Transfer hither " were
constrained," A B Reading " Fain " ; G " Compelled." "'A
B C Delete. "'ABC For the. "'" D Comforting." ""A
BC Of men's consciences. "'ABC Between. "" ^
B Ecc. and civil powers, C ut supra, deleting "Of- '' after
"and." ""ABC Prefix "And they." "' C Both. ""A
Deletes (ungrammatical). "" B Are. '"ABC Dutifully
to be reverenced and honored. "ABG The chiefest, D
The chief. "ABG Delete entire clause. "ABC Now
their judgment is this. "ABC By the rule of. D reverts
to Tav. ""D Command. '"^/^gCFrom. '"ABC Of
preaching. "ABC Of remitting or retaining sins. *« A
B C And of administering the. "ABG" Christ doth send
his Apostles with this charge." ' "o _^b xhe, G through
out as in A. V. "i ^ g Delete. 52 _^ g Receive ye

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 97
ye remit," they be'* remitted," and whose sins ye
hold still,'* they be holden still." " Also in the
Gospel of Mark, he saith'*: "Go," preach the
Gospel to every creature," etc. This power is put
in execution"" only by teaching or preaching the
Gospel,*" and by*' ministering*" the sacraments,
either to a multitude *' or else ** to one man by him
self,*' according to** his*' vocation and** calling.
For here" be granted, not corporal*'" things, but
eternal things," as eternal" righteousness, the Holy
Ghost, eternal life.'" These things cannot chance "
or come,'* but by ministration " of the Word, and
of the '* sacraments. As Paul saith : " The Gospel
is the power of God to salvation to all " that be
lieve ;" '* therefore since " the power of the Church*"
granteth eternal things,*' and is exercised *" only by
ministration*' of the Word, it letteth ** not civil
administration.*' Like as** the craft of singing
5"AB Forgive. "^Are. "5^3 porgiven. 56^ B Retain.
" Retained, ABC Add John xx. 21-23. '° For " Also—
saith," A Mark. 59 ^ g jj ^.dd " And," B G Add Mark
xvi. 15. 59a D Exercised. "" Tav. and ABC follow Ed. 2, C
recurs to Ed. i, " Word." "'ABC Delete. "'ABC Ad
ministering. "" A B Many jointly, G Many. "'ABC
Delete. "5 ^ 3 (j Several persons, C Single individuals.
"" C In accordance with. "'ABC Their. ""ABG De
lete V. a. ""ABC Delete. """ D Corporeal. '"ABD
They be not corporal things, but eternal, that are granted
unto us, O Thereby n. c, etc. deleting " unto us '' of A B.
"ABO Prefix " An." "ABC Life everlasting. '" A B
0 Delete. "AB Be gotten, O Be got, D Be obtained.
"ABC The ministry. '"AB Delete o. t. "ABC
Every one. '"ABC Believeth, BG Add Rom. i. 16.
'"AB Seeing then that. "»AB Power ecclesiastical, G Ec
clesiastical power. "'ABC Concerneth [D Bestows]
things eternal. "'AB Put in use. ""AB The ministry.
"*ABG Hindereth. ""ABC The political [D Civil]
government. ""AB Any more than, G No more than.

98 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
nothing letteth civil or political administration^ *'
for** political administration*' goeth" about other
things," than doth'" the Gospel. For" the Gov
ernor or Ruler'* defendeth" not minds,'* but
bodies " and bodily things, against manifest injuries,
and '* restraineth " men with '" the sword, and cor
poral pains,'" to the intent"" to keep'" civil justice
and peace."* Therefore '" the power of the Church
and the civil power "* may not be mixed and "' con
founded together.'"* The power of the Church'"
hath his'" commandment,'"" to teach'" the Gospel
and to "" minister "' the sacraments. Let it not
break "* into another's office ; '" let it not translate
and alter the kingdoms of the world,"* as the
bishops of Rome have done.'" Let it not abrogate
and defeat laws of princes."* Let it not take away
due and lawful obedience of the subject to his
prince.'" Let it not interrupt'"" judgments of'"'
"' AB Doth the skill of music or singing, C The art of
singing hinders political [D Civil] government. ""ABC
Add "The." ""AB Civil government, G The political
[D Civil] administration. ""ABC Is occupied. "' A B
0 Matters. "'ABC Is. ""ABC Delete. "AB The
Magistrate, C The Magistracy. ""AB Is to defend. C
Defends. "" AB C Prefix " The," D " The Souls." "' A
B C Prefix " The." ""ABHe. "" G Coerces. '""ABC
By. '»' A B Punishment, C Punishments. '"'ABC De
lete. '""ABC That he may uphold. '"'AB Transpose,
reading " A civil." '»" A B C Wherefore. '""ABC Ec
clesiastical and civil powers. '"'ABC Are not to be
'""ABC Delete. '""ABO Ecclesiastical power. "" A
B A peculiar, 0 Its own. ""» D Command. '"ABG
Preach. "'ABG Delete, D Restores. ""ABG Ad
minister. "* A B C By force enter. "5 A B Charge, 0
The office of another. "" A B Turn woridlv kingdoms
from the right owners, 0 Transfer world kingdoms. "' A
BG Delete. ""ABO After "Abrogate" read "The
Magistrate's laws." ""ABG Withdraw from them lawful
obedience. "» A B 0 Hinder. '" ABO Touching.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 99
any civil ordinances'"" or contracts. Let it not
prescribe or appoint'"' laws to governors'"* of'"' the
form and factor'"* of the commonwealth;'"' as
Christ saith : " My Kingdom is not of this world."'"*
Also in another place he saith '"' : Quis me consti-
tuit judicem aut divisorem super z/(?j."' That is to
say"': "Who made me a judge or divider"" over
you?" And Paul saith'" to the Philippians "* :
" Our policy or "* conversation "* is in heaven." '"
And to the Corinthians : " The armor or weapons
of our chivalry be"* not carnal, but mighty
through'" God to destroy'*" cogitations and'*'
thoughts.'"*" After this sort'*' do our men'**
divide'*' the offices and'** duties of both these
powers,'*' and teach '** to honor them both,'*' and
do "" acknowledge that each of them is "' a "" gift
and benefit'" of God. If"* bishops have any
power of the sword, that power have they not,'" as
bishops by the commandment"*" of the Gospel,
but by man's""' law given to"* them of"*" Kings
"'A adds " And statutes." ""A B C Delete o. a. "'A B
C The Magistrate. "5A B C Touching. ""ABC Delete.
'"C Republic, D State. ""B C Add John xviii. 36. ""ABC
Again. '""A B G Delete Latin. '"'A B C Delete. '"'A B
Delete o. d. '"" A Deletes. '"* B O Delete t. t. P. '"" A
B Delete. '"" C Adds " [citizenship], " which D deletes.
'"' B C Add Phil. iii. 20, A inserts with reference to what
follows "2 Cor. 10." '"" "AB The weapons of our warfare
are," Gas A. V. '"" A B In. "» A B Throw down. '"A
B Delete c. a. '" A B Imaginations, B G Add 2 Cor. x.
4, D 4 : S. "" A B Thus, O In this way. "* A B
Divines, 0 Teachers, D Ours. "" A B Discern and dis
tinguish, O distinguish between. '« A B 0 Delete o. a.
'"ABC Each power, one from the other. ""ABC Do
warn all men, D Admonish. ""ABC Both powers. '"» A
B C To. '5' A B C Both to be. '"' A B The good, C
The fhighest,] D Gifts. '5" A B C Blessing, D And bless
ings. '5* A B C Add " So be that the," D If the. '"5 A B
C They have it not. '55" D Command. "5" D Human.
15" ABO Unto. '5"°D By.

100 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
and Emperors, to '" the civil ministration "* of their
own '" goods. So that this '*" is another office than
is '*' the mini-stration '*" of the Gospel. Therefore
whensoever'*' question'** is made of'** the jurisdic
tion of bishops, the '** Empire '*' and temporal
power ought to be divided, and'** distinguished
from the '*' ecclesiastical jurisdiction. Undoubtedly
after'" the Gospel, and after God's law,'" no""
jurisdiction belongeth to the bishops (that is to
say) to them to whom is committed the ministra
tion of the Word and of the Sacraments, and only
this power to remit and loose sins, and also to dis
cern and'" judge"* doctrines, and to reject a'"
doctrine contrary to "* the Gospel, and to exclude '"
and shut out,''* from the communion of the Church,'"
wicked men,'*" whose wickedness is known,'*' and
this must be '*" with the Word,'** without man's
'5'A B 0 For. '5"A B C Government. '59^ g q Delete.
'""A B Yet this, 0 This however. '"'A B C Is a kind of [D
Another] function, A B And charge, ABC Diverse from
[D Than]. '"'A B C Ministry. '""AB When as 0 When,
D Transposes " when, therefore.'' '"'A B O Prefix " The.''
'""A B Is touching, C touches, D Is concerning. '""A B C
Delete. '"'A Rule and dominion, B Civil dominion, G Gov
ernment. '""ABC Instead of " And— and " read, " Must
be." '""A B G Delete. ""A B C Again by, D Again accord
ing to. '"ABC Or, as they term it, by divine right. '" For
what follows, ABG "Bishops, as they be," [G Deletes
" They be "] " Bishops, that is such as [C "Those who''] have
the administration of the word and sacraments committed
to them have no \Q other] jurisdiction at all, but to forgive
[C remit] sin." "s^ B C Delete d. a. '"A B " Know what
is true doctrine," C Take cognizance of [D Inquire into]
doctrine. ""A B Such, C Deletes. ""AB As will not stand
with, G Inconsistent with. "' A B Debar. ""ABC De
lete s. o. f. "" G Transfers hither the close of sentence read
ing : " Without human force, but by the Word." '"" A B
Such, G Those. '"'AB As are notoriously wicked. '"'A
B C Delete a. t. m. b. '"" AB Transfers to close of sen
tence, C As in 179.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 101
violence.'** In these things, the congregations or
churches owe of duty, and be'** by the law of
God'** bound'" to submit themselves and'** to
show'*' obedience,"" according to that saying of
Christ : " Who heareth me." '" But when "" they
teach or ordain '" anything against "* the Gospel,
then the congregations have '" a commandment "' "
of God, prohibiting"* obedience,'" as this"*: " Be
ware of false prophets," '" and Paul to the """ Gala-
tians"": "K^M" an angel from heaven would"""
preach or show'""' any other Gospel, accursed be
he."""* Also to the Corinthians""*: "We can
nothing do ""* against the truth, but the truth." ""'
Also in another place he saith""*: "Power""' is
given to "'" us for edification,"" and not for destruc
tion." "'" So also "" do the canon laws "'* command.
2. Q. 7."" Cap. Sacerdotes, et"" Cap. Oves, And
St."" Austin,"'* Against the Epistle of Petilian'-'^^
'"'ABC Human force; on whole sentence, D. :
" Of the Church, wicked men, whose wickedness is mani
fest, without human force, but by the Word. '"" A B
C And herein of necessity the Church ought. '"" B C
Divine right. '"'ABC Delete. '""ABC Delete s. t. a.
'""ABC Perform. '""ABC Add " Unto them." '"' A
B G "He that heareth you, heareth me," Luke x. 16. '"' A
B When as. '"" A B Determine. '"* A B G Contrary to.
'""ABC Have the churches. '"5" D Command. '"" A B
G Which forbiddeth. '"'ABC Add " To them." '"" A
B C Delete. '"" B G Add Matth. vii. 15. '""ABC De
lete. '»' A GaL i,BC Delete. '»'» D Though. '"'AB
0 Delete. '""ABC Delete. '"'ABC Let him be ac
cursed, B G Add Gal. i. 9. '"' B C Delete, A 2 Cor. 13.
206 ^ g We cannot do anything, G We can do nothing.
'"' B C Add 2 Cor. xiii. 8. '""ABC Delete after " Also."
'""ABC This power. ""ABC Delete. "'ABC To
edify D To edification. "^ A B 0 To destroy. D To de
struction, B O Add 2 Cor. xiii. 10. ""ABO Delete, D
Restores. '"ABO Canons. '"ABC IL Quest. 7.
""A & B 0 And. '"A B O Delete. ""A B C Augustine,
ABC Add " In his treatise. ""A B G Petilian's Epistle,

102 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
saith : " If catholic bishops be deceived anywhere
by chance, and think anything against the canoni
cal Scriptures of God, we ought not to consent to
them." """ If bishops ""' have any other power or
jurisdiction, as""" in cognizance of plea, or in deter
mining of""' certain causes,""* as""' of matrimony or
of ""5" tithes ; they have""* it by man's law,""' where
in ""* when the ordinaries ""' fail to do their duties,""
because either they will not or cannot,"" princes "" "
be compelled"*" (yea,' whether they will or not)""
to see the law mini.stered "'* to their subjects for
peace to be had amongst them.""
Moreover it is disputed"'* whether bishops or
pastors have right and authority"" to ordain"**
ceremonies in the Church, and to make laws of""
meats, of"*" holy days,"*' and"*'" degrees of minis
ters or orders,"*" etc. They that imagine this
authority to be in"*' bishops, allege and bring for
""ABC Reconstruct: "Neither must we subscribe
[D Give assent] to Catholic bishops, if they chance to
err, or AB Hold opinions which be against the Scrip
tures, C Determine anything contrary to the canonical
Scriptures, D Entertain any opinion, G' D The Canonical
Divine Scriptures. '"ABC Delete, and insert " So be
that they," D " If they." '"A B C Delete. ""A B C Hear
ing and understanding, D Judging. '"A B G Cases. ""A
B Adds " Namely. """• G " And," delete " Of," D Restores
" Of." '''"AB C Hold. "' G Human right. ""A And that,
B Just as, G But. "" A The ordinary judges, B Ordinary
judges. '""A B C Delete. '"' AB C Delete. '"'- The princes.
'"'ABC Are constrained. '"" A B Will they, nill they,
G Whether they wish to do so or not, D Even against
their wish. '" A B Minister justice, G To declare the law,
D Dispense justice. '""ABC For [D The] maintaining
of peace. '""ABC Besides these things [D Moreover]
there is a controversy. '"' Instead of r. a. a., ABC read
" Power." D " The right." '"" 0 Institute, D Establish.
'"" 0 Concerning. ""ABG And. '" O Holidays D
Holydays. "'• D Deletes. "^ A B O Or orders of minis
ters. "¦''A B 0 They that ascribe this power [D right] to the

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 103
them"** this testimony and authority of Scripture"*':
"Yet"** I have many things to say to"*' you, but
ye cannot yet"** bear them,"*' but when that"*""
spirit of verity "*" shall come, he shall teach you all
truth.""" They allege also the example"'" of the
Apostles which"" made a prohibition that the
people should "'* abstain from blood and suffocate.""
They allege the Sabbath day changed into Sunday,"'*
contrary"" to the book of the X commandments,
called the Decalogue,"** as it seemeth. Neither is
there any"" example more"*" cracked upon and
boasted"*' than"*" is"*' the changing"** of the Sab
bath day."*' Great, say they, is the power and
authority of the Church,"** since it"*' dispensed with
one "** of the X commandments."*'
But as touching "" this question, our men "" teach
after this sort,"'" that bishops."" have no power to
decree and"'* ordain anything against the"" Gospel,
'"ABO Delete a. b. f. t. '"5 ABC Delete a. a. o.
S., and substitute " For it." ""ABC Transpose to after
"have." '"ABC Unto. ""ABC Delete. ""A Away
now, B G Now, ""» D The. '""ABC Truth. '"' B G
Add John xvi. 12, 13. '5' ABC Examples. '"" C Who.
'5' A B G Commanded the Christians [G Deletes t. c] to.
'55 A B C That which was strangled, B G Add Acts xv. 29,
D Acts XV. 20. '56 ^ B c Change of the Sabbath into the
Lord's Day. '5' A B C Transfer " As it seemeth " from
close of sentence. '5" A B To the Moral Law, G To the
Decalogue, D Adds Luke vi. 5. '""ABC And they have
no, D There is no. '"" A B So oft. '"'ABC In their
mouths. '"' A B As. '""ABC Delete. '"'ABC Change.
'""ABC Delete. '""ABC They will needs have the
Church's power and authority to be very great, D Great
indeed, they declare must be the power of the church.
'"'ABC Because [D since] it hath. '"" A B G A pre
cept. '"" A B Moral Law, C Decalogue. ""ABC Of.
'"G Our. '"ABC Do thus teach. ""ABC Prefix
" The " '"ABC Delete d. a. ""ABC Contrary to.

104 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
as it is"'* showed"'*" before. The canon laws teach
the same thing."" 9. distinct."'* But "" it is against
Scripture"*" to make traditions, or to exact or
require them to be observed,"*' for the intent "*" that
by that observation "*' we may "** get pardon "** of
sins, and may"** satisfy and make amends"*' for sins."**
For thus"*' the glory of the merit of Christ"'" is hurt
and minished,"" when "'" we go about "" to deserve "**
remission of sins and"" justification with such
observations. Now it is openly known"'* that""
traditions have grown "'* almost "" to "" an infinite
number in the Church by means of that persuasion,
and'"' the doctrine of"" faith and'" righteousness
of faith in the mean while hath been '"* oppressed."'
For still "* more '" holy days '"* and more were '"'
"«A B C As was. """ D Shown. '"ABO The same
also do the canons teach. ""ABC Distinct a. ""ABC
Moreover. ^"" A B 0 Prefix " The." '"'ABG To or
dain or require the observation. [D Observance] of any
traditions. '"'A B G To the end. '""ABG Delete t. b.
t. o. '"* A B Might. '""ABC Merit remission, D Make
satisfaction for. C Satisfy for. '""ABC Delete. '"' A
B C Delete a. m. a, D Or merit grace and righteousness by
such an observance. C' And merit grace and righteous
ness. '"" Tav. and A B G C' follow here, Ed. 2. '"" A B
C Delete. '""ABC Christ's merit. '"' A B Receiveth
a blow, G Suffers a blow, D Is dishonored. '"' A B When
as. '""ABG " Seek." They transfer final clause, read
ing " By such observances.'' '"'ABC Merit. '"" C De
letes r. o. s. a., thus conforming to Ed. i. '""ABG Very
apparent, D But it is apparent. '"'ABC Transfer a
later clause reading "Through this persuasion." '"" A B
C Grew. '""ABC Delete. "«° A B C Into, D ut supra.
""'ABC Delete and transfer hither " In the meanwhile,"
D While in the meantime. ""' C Concerning. """ABC
add " Of the." ""'ABC Was quite. """ A B Smothered, C
Suppressed. "»" A B Ever and anon, 0 Thereupon, D
From time to time. ""'ABC There were new, D New h
were made. """ C HoUdays, D Holydays. """ABC De
lete a. m. w.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 105
made, and'" fasting days"' were"" commanded,'"
new ceremonies, new honorings of'* saints were'"
instituted.'" For '" the devisers and '" authors of
such things'" thought'"" to get'"' remission of sins
and justification'"" with these works. So grew up
the penitential canons in times passed,'"' of which '"*
yet we see certain '"* tokens and steps '"* in satisfac
tions.'"' *
Also many writers there be which feign that in the
New Testament there must be an honoring of God,
like as that which we read in Leviticus, the .order
ing whereof God committed to the Apostles and
bishops. And these writers seem to be deceived
with the example of Moses' law, as though the
righteousness of the New Testament were an out
ward observation of certain rites and ceremonies,
like as the justice of the old law was an outward
observation of certain rites. Wherefore, like as in
the old law, it was sin to eat swine's flesh, so, in the
New Testament, they put sin in meats, in days, in
vesture, and semblable things. And they think
""ABC Delete. ""ABC Fasts. ""ABC De
lete. "'"ABC Appointed. ""ABC Worships foi-.
""ABC Delete. "'" A B Ordained. ""ABC Be
cause that, D Because. "'"ABC Delete devisers and.
"'" A B Gear. "'"ABC Supposed, ABC Transfer last
clause, reading, " By these works." D " That by these
works." ""ABC Merit, D They should merit. "'^ A B
G For r. o. s. a. j., read "Grace," C changes to Ed. i.
"'"ABC After the same manner heretofore did the peni
tential canons increase, . D Thus formerly the number of
penitential canons increased. "'* A B G Whereof. "'" A
B G We still see some. "'" For t. a. s., A B read " Foot
ings," G "Traces," D Prefixes "The" before "Satisfac
tions." "" If between * * in Tav., AB From Ed. 2, G Fol
lowing Ed. I : " Moreover [D Likewise] the authors of
traditions do J^D Act] contrary to the command of God
when they find matters of sin [D Make sin to consist] in
[D Certain] foods, in days and like things, and burden the

106 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
that the righteousness of the New Testament con-
not be without these things. Of this occasion came
those burdens, that certain meats do defile and pol
lute the conscience, and that it is deadly sin to
omit and leave unsaid canonical hours, that fastings
deserve remission of sins, and that they be necessary
to the righteousness of the New Testament, that
sin in a case reserved cannot be forgiven without the
authority of the reserver, whereas in very deed the
canons themselves speak only of the reservation of
the canonical pain and not of the reservation of sin.*
From '"* whence, I pray you,'"' and of whom "'
have the bishops their '" power and authority,"'" to
lay"" these traditions upon the Church,'" to vex or
"grieve"* their"' consciences?"* For every man
Church with the servitude of the law, as if there ought to
be among Christians, in order to merit justification, a
service like the Levitical, the ordination [D Ordaining]
of which God has [D Should have] committed to the
Apostles and [D The] bishops. For this some of them
write, and the Pontiffs [D Popes] in some measure seem to
be misled by the example of the Law of Moses. From [D
Deletes " From"] hence are those burdens that it is [D] A
mortal sin, even without offence [D If no offence is given]
to others, to do manual labor on the festivals, that it is a
mortal sin to omit the Canonical Hours, that certain foods
defile the conscience, that fastings are works which appease
God ; that sin, in a reserved case cannot be pardoned [D
Forgiven], but by the authority of him that reserved it;
whereas the Canons [D Themselves] speak only of [D
The] reserving of Ecclesiastical penalty, and not of the
re!5erving of the fault [D Guilt]." "'" A B C Delete.
"'"ABC Then, D Deletes. """ABC Delete. ""' A B
G Delete. ""'" D Instead of p. a. a., reads "The author
ity." ""'ABC Of imposing. """ABC Churches. ""' A
B For the burdening of, G For the ensnaring of. """ A B
G Men's. """ Tav., A B, with Ed. i, omits here several
lines of Ed. 2, restored by G : " When [D While] Peter
forbids (Acts 15 : 10) to put a yoke upon the neck of the
disciples, and St. Paul says (2 Cor. 13: 10) that the power
given him was to edification, not to destruction. Why,
therefore, do they increase sins by these traditions ?"

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 107
may see open authorities and "' clear testimonies
which prohibit"* the making of such traditions,
either to deserve remission of sins,"' or as necessary
to the righteousness of tjie New Testament or"' to
salvation. For Paul to the Colossians saith : '*'
"Let no man judge you in meat, drink,**" part of
the '*' holy day," etc.'** Also,*** " If ye be dead
with Christ from the elements '** of the world, why
as living'*' in the world do ye keep decrees: Touch
not, taste not, etc. Which :be commandments and
doctrines of men, and have a pretence and a
color'** of wisdom."**' Also,"" to Titus, he prohi
biteth traditions apertly,'" warning that they be not
attending to the Judaical tales, and to command
ments of men which turn from the truth.'*'" And
Christ,"" speaking of them that require traditions
saith in this wise :'" " Let them alone; they are"*
blind guides '" of the blind ; " and he reproveth "*
such honors,"' saying:"* "All plants which the
father of heaven did not plant, shall be plucked up by
""'A B G There are divers, D But there are divers. """A B
Inhibit. """ C To merit grace (Ed. i). "'" G (according to
Ed. l) Deletes " To— or." "" A Deletes, B C Transfers to
after "Paul." "*' AB In drink, C Or i. d. "'" A Or a
piece of a, B G Or in respect of an. "" A B " In [G Of J
the new moon," or " In [G Of] the Sabbath," D Sabbath-
days, B C Add Col. ii. i6. "'"ABC Again "'" A B
Rudiments. "" AB As though ye lived. "*" A B " And
are the precepts and doctrines of men which have a show,"
C " After the commandment and doctrines of men, which
things have indeed a show of wisdom.'' "*" BG Add Col. ii.
20-23. "50 _^ B c And, D And in the Epistle. ""'ABC
Doth plainly forbid. "5'" A B For he saith, " Not listened to
Jewish fables and to the [D Deletes " The] precepts [C
Commandments] of men that abhor [G Turn from] the
truth" Tit. i: 14, G "For he saith;" then follows A. V.
""' a' Adds Matth. 15. "5" A B G Saith of them which urge
traditions. ""'ABCBe. "55 A B G " Leaders." AU add
Matth XV 14. "5" A B Condemneth, D Rejects. "*' ^ b
Worships, C Services. """ABC Delete.

108 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
the roots.'"" If bishops '"" have authority to onerate
and lade'*" churches with infinite*" traditions, and
to snare'*'" the'*" consciences, why doth Scrip
ture'*' so often'** prohibit,'*' to make and to hear'**
traditions ? Why doth it call them doctrines of
devils ? '*' Did '** the Holy Ghost warn those things
before in vain ? '*'
Wherefore "" it must needs consequently ensue,'"
that, since"" ordinances instituted"' as things"*
necessary, or with an '" opinion to deserve "* remis
sion of sins,'" be "* contrary "' to the Gospel ; that**"
it is not lawful for any bishop'*' to institute**" or
require **' such honors."* For it is necessary '*' that
the doctrine of Christian liberty be kept still "* in
the churches,'*' which is *** that the bondage of the
law is not necessary to"' justification, as it is writ
ten in the epistle "" to the Galatians : " Be not sub
ject again to the yoke of bondage." '" The chief
place of the Gospel must needs "" be kept still,'"
"5"AB C As in A. V. ; add " v. 13." "5"'> D The bishops.
""" Instead of o. a. 1., ABG read " Burden the." ""' A
B C Innumerable. ""'» D Ensnare. ""'ABC Men's.
"""ABC Prefix " The." ""'ABC Oft. """ABC For
bid. """ABC Listen to. ""' A The devils' tradition, B
The traditions of devils. """ABC Hath. """ABC
Warned us of them to no purpose. "'"ABC Delete. "" A
BC Itremaineth [D follows] then. ""ABC Seeing.
"'" A B Constitutions ordained, C Ordinations, [D Ordin
ances] constituted, C ut supra. ""ABC Delete. "'" A
B Delete. "'" A B G Of meriting. "" G " Grace " as in
Ed. I. A B Add " By them." "'"ABC Are. "'" A B
Flat repugnant, C Repugnant. """ A Because that, B C
Delete. ""'ABC Bishops, D The bishops. ""'AB Ap
point. """ A Urge, B Exact. ""* A Any such worship.
B C Such worship. """ AB Very requisite. """ABC
Should be maintained. ""' A Church. """ A Because.
"""ABC Unto. """ABC Deletei. t. e. ""ABC "Come
not ye under the yoke of bondage again," B G Add Gal.
V. I. ""' A B C It is necessary that the chiefest point [D
chief article] of all [D Deletes " all "] the Gospel. """ A
B C Should be holden fast, D Maintained.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION, 109
which is,"* that we obtain remission of sins and
justification freely'" by faith in Christ, and not for
certain"* observations'" or honors,"* devised by
men. ,
What shall we think then'" of the Sunday*"
and*"' like rites of the temples?*"" To this our
learned men *" say *'* that it is lawful to *"' bishops
or to *"* pastors to make *" ordinances, that things
be orderly done *"* in the Church, not that*" we
should purchase by them *'" remission of sins,*" or
that we can *'" satisfy for sins, or that consciences *"
be*'* bound to judge*" them necessary honors,*"
or*" to think that they sin when,*" without
offence*"*"" of other,*"' they break them. So Paul
doth ordain*"" that*"' in the congregation, that
women should cover their heads,*"* and *"* that in-
""*ABG Delete. ""'ABC Do freely obtain remis
sion of sins and justification, C following Ed. i, "Do
freely obtain grace,'' D "We obtain grace freely." """A
By any, B By set, C Because of certain. ""' B G
Observances. """AB Nor by any worship, G Or of
services. """ABC What is then to be thought. '""A
B G Lord's Day. '"' A B Add " Of such " ; G " Of."
*"' AB "Used in churches," C ut supra deleting "The"
D Church rites. '""ABC Hereunto they, D To this, ours.
'"*ABG Answer. *"5AB For the, G For, D That
bishops or pastors are allowed. '""ABC Delete. '^ A B
Appoint. *" A B G Whereby [D So that] things may be
done in order [D orderly.] ** AB G Add " By them."
"" AB Should merit, C May merit. "' G Following Ed.
I, "Grace." *" ABC Delete. ""ABC Men's con
sciences. "* A B C Should be. "'ABC Esteem. "" A
B G As necessary services. "'ABC And. ""ABC
Transfer last clause, AB reading: "When they violate
any one of them," G " When they violate them." *'" A B
Though it be without. ""ABC Prefix " The," D Offend
ing. *" A B C Others, D Deletes of. "'ABC Ordained,
D Ordains. ""ABC Delete, then transpose, " That w.
s. c. t. h. i. t. c." "'ABC Add I Cor. xi. 6. "" A B G De
lete.

110 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
terpreters *"* and teachers*"' be*"* heard after an
order*"' in the Church.
It is convenient that the churches should keep
such ordinances**' for charity and tranquihty,*"
so far forth **" that one offendeth *" not another, that
all things be*'* done in the churches*" in order,
and without business and trouble***; but yet*"
so*" that the*" conscience**" be not charged **' as
to**" think *** that they be*** necessary to salvation,
or to judge*** that they sin*** when they break**'
them *** without hurting **' of other. As no man*"
will *" say that a woman doth *"" sin,*'" which goeth
forth abroad*" bare-headed,*'* offending no body
therewith.**' Even **' such **" is the observation and
keeping **' of the Sunday,*** of Easter, of Pentecost,
and like **' holy days *** and rites. For they that
"" ABC The interpreters of scripture. "'ABC
Delete. '^8 ^g c should. *"" AB In course or order, O
In order, B C add i Cor. xiv. 27, D adds 30. '""ABO
Such [A B like] ordinances it behooveth the churches to
keep. '"ABC Quietness sake, D For the sake of charity
and peace to keep. '"'ABC Delete f. f., D To this ex
tent. *"" A B O Offendeth, Do not offend. *"* A B O May
be. '""ABO Transfer to after w. h. a. t., reading " In
the church," C, Churches. '""ABG Read for b. a. t..
Tumult, 0 adds " i Cor. 14: 40, and Phil. 2 : 14." '"'A B
Delete. *""A B With this caution. *""A B Men's, O Deletes.
""ABC Consciences, D The consciences. "'ABC Burd
ened. "'AB They should. ""ABG Account, D Deem.
"* ABG Them as [D deletes "As"] things. ""ABC
And think. ""ABDidsin. '" C Violate. ""ABAny
one of them. ""ABC Offence, D "Offending," deletes
"Of." '50 0 One, *5' ABC Would, D Win. *5ia q de
letes. '52ABOffend, C Sins. '"" A B If she come abroad,
G If she went into public, D Goes in public. "'ABC
With her head uncovered. '"" A B Without the offence of
any, C Provided it were without the offence of men, D
Provided no one is offended. '"'ABO Delete. '"' A B
Of this sort. «""ABO Delete a. k. '"'ABG Lord's
Day. '"5 A B Such. '"" C Holidays, D Holy days.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. Ill
judge*" that*** by the authority of the Church the
observing of the Sunday instead of the Sabbath
day**' was ordained as a thing*" necessary, do
greatly err.*" The Scripture permitteth and grant
eth that the keeping of the Sabbath day is now
free ; for it teacheth that the ceremonies of Moses'
law after the revelation and showing abroad of
the Gospel, are not necessary.*'" And yet because
it was needful *" to ordain *'* a certain day, that *'* "
the people might know when they ought*" to come
together, it appeareth*'* that the Church did*"
appoint the Sunday,*'* which day *" (as it seemeth)
pleased them rather than the Sabbath day, even for
this cause,**' that**' men might have an example of
Christian liberty, and might know that the keeping
and**" the observation neither of the Saturday,**'
nor of any other *** day is necessary.**'
'"'A B C Think. '""A B G Transfer hither a later clause,
reading: " That the observation of the Lord's Day was ap
pointed " [D " Has been instituted "]. '""ABC Delete
" Day." ""ABC Delete " A thing." *" A B They are
gready deceived, O Are greatly deceived, D inverts : " For
they err greatlv that think that by the authority of the
Church," etc. *" Ed. 2 has inverted and somewhat changed
Ed. I ; accordingly C, following Ed. i : " The Scripture,which
teacheth that all the Mosaical ceremonies can be omitted
after the Gospel is revealed, has abrogated the Sabbath,"
D The S. has abrogated t. S., and teacheth that a. M. c.
may be, etc., ABC (following Ed. 2) read: "Requireth
that the observation of it should be now free ; for it teach
eth that the Mosaical ceremonies are not needful after the
Gospel is revealed." ""ABC Requisite, D Necessary.
"* A B C Appoint. "" D In order that. "» AB Delete ,
t. o. "" AB Seemeth, 0 Appears. "'ABC Add " For
that purpose." "" ABC Lord's Day. "" O Deletes.
'""ABC " For this cause also seemed [D Seems] to have
been pleasing" [D Preferred], deleting r. t. t. s. d. *"' AB
Add ''In it." '"'ABC Delete t. k. a. '**A B G Sabbath.
*"? G' D Another. '^ A.'Q G Was of necessity.

112 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
Prodigious, monstrous and wonderful disputations
are set forth of the *** changing of the law, of**' the
ceremonies of the new law, of*** the changing**' of
the Sabbath day,*" which all have sprung forth *"
of a *'" false persuasion and belief of men,*" which
thought*'* that there must needs be in the Church
an honoring of God,*" like to the Levitical,*'* and
that Chri.st committed*" to the Apostles and to*""
bishops, authority to invent and to find out cere
monies which be necessary to salvation *" These
errors crept into the Church, when*" the right
eousness '"" of faith was not clearly '" enough
taught. Some dispute that the keeping of the
Sunday*"" is not merely and fully (jod's law,'"
but, in a manner,"* as it were, of the law of God."*"
They prescribe of holy days,'" how far forth "* it is
lawful to work.'"' Such manner of disputations,
what other things be they, but'"" snares of"* con
sciences ? For although '"' they busy themselves""
'"" A B There are extant certain monstrous disputa
tions touching, G There are certain marvellous dis
putations touching. '"'ABC And. ^ A And of, B C
And. '""ABC Change. '""ABC Delete. '"' A B
Which did all .spring up, G Which all arose. '"' C From
the DA. '""ABC Delete a. b. o. m. '"'ABC Delete.
""ABC Should [D Ought to] be a worship [G Service]
in the Church. *"" A B Add " Worship." *"' A B Gave
the charge of '"'" D " The." *"" A B G [G The] Devis
ing [D " Of"] new ceremonies, A B Transfer this to after
clause of Note 497, ABC Add to "Ceremonies," "Which
should be necessary to salvation." '"" A B Whenas.
5»" A B Doctrine, "oi ^ g q plainly. "02 _^ g q obser
vation of the Lord's Day. 503 ^ 3 q jg jj^^ indeed [C In
deed] of the law of God, D Of Divine right. "ot ^ g q
Delete i. a. m. 504a jj Almost of Divine right. "05 _^ g q
And touching holy days [G Holidays] [D Holydays] they
prescribe. 506 ^ g c Delete. 507 ^ g c Add " In them,"
D " It is permitted to work on them." 507» ABC" What
else are such disputations but." 508 ^ g q Yox men's.
5»" A B G Though. 510 ^ B Q gggk_

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 113
to modify, qualify and find an epikee in their'"
traditions,"'" tempering the rigor of them with
favorable declarations,"" yet'" notwithstanding as
long as the opinion that they are necessary doth
remain (which must needs remain where righteous
ness of faith and Christian liberty are not known),
this epikee, equity and favor can never be perceived,
nor known.
The Apostles commanded"* to abstain from
blood.'" Who doth now observe and keep it ? *"
And yet they that do not keep it, sin not ; "' for
undoubtedly '" not'" the Apostles themselves would
burden the conscience'"' with such bondage,'"' but
they prohibited'"" it for a time, for avoiding of
slander.'"* For'"* the perpetual*"* will '"* and mind'"'
of the Gospel is'"* to be considered in a decree.
Scarce'"' any canons are kept diligently,"" and
many daily go out of use and memory,'" yea with ""
them which defend traditions most diligently.'"
5" Instead of " To— their," AB read " Qualify," G Mod
erate, D Mitigate, "ua -q prefixes " The." _ ""A B G De
lete " Tempering — declarations." "is A B G For what fol
lows : " The equity of them can never be seen nor [C De
letes "Seen nor"] perceived, so long as the opinion of
necessity remaineth, which must needs remain, where the
righteousness of faith and Christian liberty are not known."
"*A B Add " Them." "is g q Add Acts xv. 29, G' D Acts
XV. 20. "'"ABC Observeth that nowadays ? "n ^ g c
Do not sin that observe it not, D That do not now observe it.
""ABC Delete. "w^bq Transfer "Not" to after
" Would," D " For neither t. A. t. wished to." "20 AB C
Men's consciences. ^^^ K.'&G Such a [D deletes "A'n
servitude. 522 A B C Forbade. "'" A B For offence' sake, 0
Because of scandal, D To avoid offence. "2* A B 0 Trans
fer hither last clause, reading AB "In that decree,'' 0
"In the decree." 525^ Deletes. 526 ^g Intent, D Aim.
»"C Deletes. "28 q Adds " Always." 529 ABC Scarcely.
5"" AB G Precisely kept, D Kept with exactness. ""' A B
C Grow out of use dailv. "32 A B G Even among. 533 _^
B G That do most bus'ily [D Eagerly] defend traditions.

114 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
Neither can the consciences be holpen, nor provided
for,"* unless'" this epikee or"* equity be kept,"*"
that is to wit,"' that we"* know that canons and
decrees are to be kept '" without '*" opinion of neces
sity, and that '*' consciences are not hurt, though
traditions be forgotten and utterly set aside.'*"
Certes '*' bishops '** might easily keep still '*' law
ful**'" obedience,'**" if they would not enforce'**
men to keep'*' traditions, which'** cannot be kept
with good '*' conscience. They "" command priests
to live unmarried;'" they receive"" none, unless**'
they' swear'*" in effect that they will'" not'*" teach
the pure doctrine of the Gospel. The congregations
require not that'*' bishops should'** repair and
make'*' concord again,'** with loss'*' and decay'**
of their honor,'**" and yet it should become good
pastors so**' to do, but"" they'" only require""
'"'ABC There be sufficient care had of men's consciences.
5"5 AB C Except. 536 j^B c Delete e. o. "sea -q observed.
5"' A B G Delete t. a. t. w. """ABC Men should, D We
should. 5'" Instead of " Canons — kept,'' ABG Such
rites are not [D deletes " Not "] to be observed. ^ A.^Qi
With any, D Without being deemed necessary. ""ABO
Add " Men's." "42 instead of " Be— aside," ABC read :
"Grow out of use." "^^gQ Dgigte. 54* ^gQ «ji,e
bishops." 545 ^ B Q Return. 545a q Prefixes " The."
5'"'' D Adds " Due to them." "46 _^ 3 Have, C Urge. 54? A
B G Observe such. 548 ^ g q As. "*" A B C Prefix " A."
550 ^ B Prefix " But now," C Prefixes " Now." "si instead
of p. t. 1. u., ABG read: "Single life," D "Celibacy."
552 ABC And they admit none. D Adds "To the minis
try." 559 A B G Except. 5"» A B G Prefix " Will," D Re
verts to Tav. 56i_4BC Delete " In— will." 562 _^ 3 O
Not to. 563 _^ B C Churches do not desire [D Ask] of the.
5"* A B 0 That they would, D Should procure. 565 instead
of a. m., A B 0 read : " Peace and," D Deletes " Peace
and." """ABC Delete. "6? ^ b 0 Prefix " The. 568^
B C Delete a. d. 568a -q .< Own dignity." "sd A B C Which
yet good pastors ought, D However, it would be proper for
good pastors so to do. 5™ _^ b C Delete. 57i _^ b Trans
pose "they " and " only." ""ABC Desire, D Ask.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 115
that they would release'" and pardon"* unjust"*"
burdens, which are"* new, and received contrary
to the custom of the Catholic'"" Church. We
will not deny but in the beginning some constitu
tions were grounded upon reasonable and probable
causes ; which yet are not now agreeable or con
venient for the times ensuing."* It appeareth also *"
that some were "* by *" error received. Wherefore
it might appertain to **" the gentleness of bishops,'"
now to mitigate and release them,'*" since such mu
tation breaketh not'** the unity of the Church.
For many man's'** traditions in process of'*' time'**
have been changed, as the canons themselves do **'
show.'** That **' if it cannot be obtained that those
observations*'" should be '" released,"" which cannot
be done'" without sin, we must"* needs'" follow
the rule of the Apostles,"* which command'"
rather "* to obey God than men."' Peter forbiddeth
5'"A B 0 Remit. "74^ b 0 Delete a. p. 574a -q Prefixes
"The." 5'5A B 0 Add " Both." 575a universal Christian.
5'"A B 0 It may well be that some constitutions had some
probable causes [0 Reasons] when they began, which yet
will not agree to [B with] latter times, D At first, some of
these ordinances may have had probable reasons, butthey are
not adapted to latter times. 577_^ B 0 Is [D Also] evident.
5'" ABG Transfer hither " received." "'"ABO Through,
D From false notions, "so _^b Were for, 0 Were a mat
ter for. 581 ^ B Chief Bishop's gentleness. 0 Pontifical
gentleness, D Pontifical clemency. 582 A B 0 To mitigate
them now. '""ABO For such a charge would [D does]
not overthrow. 58* AB 0 Human. 585 A B 0 Delete, D In
the course of. 566 ^ b 0 Transfer " In time " to close of
sentence. 587 A B 0 Delete. 588 a B 0 Declare. 589 A B
0 But. """ BO Observances. 59iA May not be, BG May
be. 592 B G Relaxed. 593 a B Held, C Kept. 59* ^ b O
Then must we. "95 ^bG Delete. "96 ^bC The Apos
tle's rule 597 _^B C Willeth, D Commands us. "J" A B
G Transfer " Rather " to after "God." 599 b G Add Acts
v. 29. 599a J) Prefixes " The." """ABC To be imperious,
D To rule.

116 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
bishops"'" to be lords and emperors*"" over the
Church.*"' Now *"" it is not intended by us to take
away jurisdiction*"' from the bishops, but this one
thing*"* is required of them,*" that they would suffer
the Gospel to be purely taught, and that they would
release*'* a few certain*" observations,*'* which
cannot be observed *" without sin. That *" if they
will not remit nor release anything,"' let them look
to their charge,*'" how they shall make *" account
to God, in *'* that *" they were occasion *" of this
schism and division,*" by reason of their obstinacy
and stiffness. The Conclusion of the Book.'
These be " the chiefest ' articles which seem to be
in * controversy and debate.' For although of more
abuses, it might have been spoken,* yet because we
would not be tedious or long,' we meddled but with
the most principal,* of which the rest may easily be
judged.' Great complaints there were," of pardons,"
of" pilgrimages, of" the abuse of excommunica-
""' A B G Add r Pet. v. 3. ""' A B Delete. """ A
B C Our meaning is not to have rule taken, D It is
not our purpose to have the bishops deprived of their
power. ""' C Adds " only." """ AB G Requested at their
hands, D Deletes a. t. h. """ B C Relax. ""'ABC De
lete. """ B G Observances. """ B G Held. "'" ABC
But. ""ABC Will remit none, D Nothing. ""ABC
Delete 1. 1. c, D To it. "'"ABC Will give. ""ABC
For this. "'"^bC Transfer close of sentence A B "By
their wilfulness," C "By their obstinacy.'' "'"AB They
afford occasion, C They afford cause. "" ABC Delete
"This" " and division."
' This conclusion is lacking in A B. ' G Are. '' 0 Prin
cipal. ' O Matters of. 5 q Deletes a. d. "0 We might
speak of more abuses. ' C That we might avoid undue
length " C Have embraced [D But] a few. " G Whereby
it is easy to judge of the others. '" O Have been the com
plaints. " C About indulgences. " 0 About. '" O About.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 117
tion. Parochies were '* many ways " vexed by sta-
tionaries.'* Infinite " contentions and strifes '* there
were " betwixt "° curates "' and religious men,"" for
the right of the parish,"* for confessions,"* for"*
burials, for extraordinary preachings,"* and for"'
other things innumerable."* We have let these gere
pass,"' to the intent *" that the most principal points
of" this matter shortly'" set forth, might" be'*
more easily known." Neither is here anything'*
said or gathered " to tlie reproach, slander or hurt
of* any man." Alonely those things*" have been
rehearsed*' which seemed*" necessary to be spoken,**
to the end** that it might be perceived** that**
nothing is received in doctrine and ceremonies with
us, against Scripture, or the*' Catholic*'" Church.
For** it is manifest and known*' that we most"
diligently take " heed, lest any '" new or " wicked
opinions'* should escape" into our churches.
'* O The parishes have been. '5 O " In manifold ways."
Transfer to after " Vexed." '" O The stationarii, D The
dealers in indulgences. " 0 Endless. '" 0 Deletes a. s.
'" 0 " Have arisen," instead of t. w. '" O Between. " O
The pastors. " 0 The monks. '" 0 About parochial law,
D Rights. '* O About confession. '" O About. '" 0
About sermons on extraordinary occasions. ^' 0 About.
'" O Without number. '" O Things of this sort we pass
[D Have passed] over. '" O Deletes t. t. i., D In order.
^ 0 Those which are chief in. "' O Being briefly. "" 0
May, D Might. "' O Deletes. "" O Be noted, D The
more easily be understood. "" O Nor has anything been
here. "' O Adduced. "" C For the purpose of casting re
proach on. "" C One. *" G Those things also, G' Those
things only. " G Enumerated. " G It seemed. '" C Say.
" O Deletes. " 0 Understood. '" 0 Transfers hither later
clause, and reads, " In doctrine and ceremonials among us
there is nothing received contrary to." " O To the. "" D
Universal Christian. '" G Inasmuch as, D Since. *" G
Deletes a. k. "o q Have. " O Taken. 52 q That no.
»" O And. 5' G Godless doctrines. "5 c Creep.

118 THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
These articles, before written, we thought best to
be exhibited and put forth according to the com
mandment of the Emperor's Majesty,** in which
might appear" our Confession; and the sum and
effect of their doctrine might be seen, which be
teachers and preachers'* among us. Now" if in
anything, this Confession shall seem to be not per
fect and sufficient, we be ready (God willing),
according to the Scriptures, to render and give a
larger information.*"
To the Imperial Majesty of Csesar the Fifth, his
faithful and true subjects.*'
John, Duke of Saxony, Elector.
George, Marquis*' of Brandenburg.
Ernest, Duke of Luneburg.
Philip, Landgrave of Hesse.
John Frederick, Duke of Saxony.
Francis, Duke of Luneburg.
Wolfgang, Prince of Anhalt.
The Senate and Council** of Nurenberg.
The Senate of Reutlingen.
Finis.
5" C " In accordance with the Edict of His Imperial Maj
esty, we wish [D Have desired] to present these articles
above written." "7 q, \^^ jj Qur Confession should be con
tained. 58 o And in which is [D Might be] seen a sum
mary of the doctrine of those who teach. 59 q Deletes.
"" G If anything be lacking in this Confession, we are
prepared, God willing, to present ampler information, in
accordance with the Scriptures. "' Your Imperial Majesty's
most [D Deletes " Most"] faithful and humble. "" G Mar
grave. "* C Magistracy.

THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. 119
THE TABLE.

The Epistle of the Translator to the Right Honorable
Lord Thomas Crumwell, Lord Privy Seal, and Chief
Secretary to the King's Grace  5
The Preface to the Emperor Charles V  7
The First Article : Of the Trinity  16
The Second Article ; Of Original Sin  18
The Third Article: Of the Humanity of Christ .... 19
The Fourth Article : Of Justification  20
The Fifth Article : Of the Obtaining of Faith  21
The Sixth Article : Of the Fruits of Faith  21
The Seventh Article : Of the Holy Church  22
The Eighth Article: Of the Ministers of the Church. . 23
The Ninth Article : Of Baptism  24
The Tenth Article : Of the Sacrament of the Altar . . 24
The Eleventh Article : Of Confession  25
The Twelfth Article : Of Penance or Repentance ... 25
The Thirteenth Article : Of the Use of the Sacrament. 27
The Fourteenth Article : Of Order Ecclesiastical ... 28
The Fifteenth Article : Of Rites or Usages of the Church 28
The Sixteenth Article : Of Political or Civil Matters . . 29
The Seventeenth Article : Of the Resurrection . ... 31
The Eighteenth Article : Of the Free Will  32
The Nineteenth Article : Of the Cause of Sin  34
The Twentieth Article : Of Good Works  35
The Twenty-first Article : Of Honoring of Saints ; . . 44
The Articles in which are rehearsed certain abuses changed.
The First Article : Of Both Kinds  48
The Second Article : Of the Marriage of Priests ... 50
The Third Article : Of the Mass  55
The Fourth Article : Of Confession  64
The Fifth Article : Of Diversities of Meats  67
The Sixth Article : Of Monastical Vows  79
The Seventh Article : Of the Power of the Church 95
FINIS TABVLE.
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FINIS TABVLE.

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