'^^V^i^:, 79 o NEW TRANSLATION O F ISAIAH; WITH NOTES SUPPLEMENTARY TO THOSE OF DR. LOWTH, LATE BISHOP OF LONDON, AND CONTAIN ING REMARKS ON MANY PARTS OF HIS TRAI^TS- LATION AND NOTES. By A LAYMAN. FVBLISRED BY THE SOCIETY rOK rsoMOTING THE KhoWLEGE OF THE SCRIPTUBES. LONDON: SOLD BY J. JOHNSON, N" 72, ST. PAUL' CHURCH YARD. M.DCC.XC. 790 PREFACE. IN the Year 1784 was publifhed in the. firft Number of the firft Volume of CcMnmentaries and Effays Anew 'tranflation of Ifaiah lii. 13 — liii. 12. with Notes ; and in the year 1785 -was pubHfhed in the third Number of the fame Vohime A nem tranflation of Ifaiah i—- xii. with Notes. -As thofe fpecimens were favourably received, I have been induced to extend my plan, and now fubmit to the judgment and candour of the Public a Tranflation of the -whole Book with Ihort Notes, in which my principal objedt is to afcertain the true reading and the true fenfe of the facred writer. The tranflation of Ifaiah by Dr. Lowth, late Bifhop of London, and his notes and preliminary differtation, have great merit ; and many paflages, before obfcure, if not unintelligible, haye been fet in a clear light by his emendations of the text, and his corredtions of the Englilh verfion. But al- \ though we have great obligations to this very learned and ingenious writer, yet it is certain that ' a !? IV preface: confiderable improvements may ftill be made, the miftakes and defers in his work being, very, nume.- rous and very important. He is particularly de fedlive in one point, which appears to me to be of fingular importance; I mean in refpedt to the paffagesi, cited in the New Teftament from, the Prophet *. Several of thefe paflTages, as they ftand in his verfion, are effentially different from the ci tations. St. Paul, in Rom. xv. 2,1. intended to cite the two laft fentences" of the fifty-fecond chapter, of Ifaiah ; but, if the Bifhop's verfion be j^ft, the- original conveys a. very different meaning frora the citation. In like manner three fentences of Ifaiah- liii. 8. are underftood to be cited in Adts viiL ;}2 ; but two of thefe fentences in the Bifhop's -verfioa are totally different from the citation. KLe hath not attempted in either of thefe cafes to reconeile;- the difference or to account for it. It appears ta. me in the higheft degree probable, that in both. there was a perfedt- agreement between, the oxiginalj and the citation; and that the di>fference was occa-r fioned by the corruption of the original, either. by accident or defign. I may add, that if the two-- firft fentences of Ifaiah hii. 4, which are cited ia Matt. viii. 17.. as being fulfilled in tSie cures per formed by our Saviour on certain dlfeafed perfons, be rightly tranflated by the Bifhop, they are ftpangely naif"' • See Dr. kennicott's Diff. Gen. Se&. 63,-71. PREFACE. V mifapplied -f by the EvangeUft : but the miftake is certainly in the tranflation, and not in the applica tion. Several other examples of the fame kind- will be obferved by every attentive reader. Dr. Kennicott's Hebrew Bible with various read ings, and the Chaldee Paraphrafe and ancient ver fions in the London Polyglott, which were ufed, by Bifhop Lowth as principal fources of emenda-^ tion and improvement, I have ufed' for the fame- purpofe : and , I have alfo derived affiftance from fome fources which were negledted by him, and from others which were opened after the publication of ¦f See Bithop Pearce's Commentary on St. Matthew. This learned writer, merdyon account of tht fuppofed mifappUcaiion of ihe pr-ophtcy, conjedlures, that Matt.i viii. 17. may be an inter polation. Dr. Sykes in his Eflays on the Truth, of the Chriftian.' R^eligion, p. 232, 233. zd-. edit, takes another method, and, pj-efumirig the- Englifh verfion to be right, affirms it to be " certain, that the words cited Matt. viii. 16, 17. are nothing but mere accommodation of the phrafe of Ifaiah to the pre fent occafion : — -becaufe, faith- he, we find them applied by St. Peter in his i Ep., chap.ii. 24, to a quite different pur pofe,; viz. to Jefuft's bearing our fins upon the crofs."- But th? reafon here given by this learned writer is foundedin mif take. St. Peter doth not fo apply the words of Ifaiah liii. 4 5 but certainly cites Ifaiah liii. 12, whei-e the words of the lxx are, bwtos afia^Mi vot^fMt «*)iMyx6 : and the apoftle may per haps -allude to Ifaiah liii. 6. The word afctsgrne; now found in Jfaiah liii. 4, inftead of aerSsKimc, in the verfion of the lxx is a great corruption. See Dr. Kennicott's Diff. Gen, S, eft. 79. and my note. VI P RE F A C 5^; of his tranflation and notes. I cannot perceive, that he hath made any ufe of the Latin verfion, commonly, but, I believe, erroneoufiy, called the Italic verfion *. This verfion was made by Cliri- ftians in the end cf the firft or beginning of the fecond century from the Greek verfion of the lxx,; and many important readings of this Latin verfion are preferred in the Latin Fathers, which affift in. reftoring the true readings of the Greek verfipn, and confequently of the Hebrew text f. Nor can I perceive, that he hath made much ufe of any of the Chriftian Fathers, Greek or Latin, except Jerom i although great afllftance may be derived from them for corredting the miftakes, which abound, as well in the Greek' verfion, as in the Hebrew text. The remains of the Old Latin verfion have been colledted by Sabatier ; but as I ' have had no opportunity of purchafing or borrowing his work, I have colledted from Tertullian, Novatian, Cypri an and Ladtantius many valuable readings of that •verfion. As to the Greek verfion oif Ifaiah by the IXX, which, Bifhop Lowth admits, with all it's faults and imperfedtions, is of more ufe in corredt ing the Hebrew text, than any other whatfoever, it is, I think, too much undervalued by. him and other learned men. "It unfortunately happens, hc faith * See Lardner's Credib. Part ii. Vol, x. p. 284 — a88, and Vol. xii. p. 124. •f- See Kennicott's Diff. Gen. Seft. 77. 79. 92. PREFACE. vii faith in his Prelim. Differt. lxvi, that Ifaiah has had the hard fate to meet with a tranflator very unwor thy of him, there being hardly any bpok of tlie Old Teftament fo ill rendered in that verfion as this of Ifaiah." It cannot be denied, that fome parts of Ifaiah in this verfion, as it is come down to us, are abfurd and unintelligible, and it is probable that the authors fometimes miftook the true reading, and fometimes the true fenfe, of their Hebre-w textj but it is alfo probable, that many of the abfurdities and miftakes now found in this verfion are corrup tions of their genuine verfion *. Some important corredtions may be made in it by the help of the various readings given by Bifhop Lowth from two Greek MSS in the Britifh Mufeum ; and the reader will find a confiderable number of iniportant vari ations colledted by me from the Greek and Latin Fathers, although I have had an opportunity of confulting only a fmall part of them. The learned Bifhop in his famous book Def acr a poefi Hebr aorum^ PraleSi. xxxi. not. 3. highly commends the lxx for their tranflation of Ifai. xlix. 17, and thus exprefieth himfelf concerning it : " Ita enim invitis Maforetis diftribuenda eft fententia ; ita explicanda cum lxx, qui non modo voeem ambiguam hic redte reddide- runt, (uti etiam fecerunt Chald. et Vulg.) fed to- tam etiam periodum docte, accurate, elegajt- TER, UT NIHIL possiT SUPRA." A fimilar com- plim.eA,t * See Kennicott's State of H«b. Text, ii. p. 336. vin PREFACE. pli-ment might juftly be paid to thefe tranflators on many other occafions. The Bifhop could not avail himfelf of Dr. Dc Roffi'5 colkdtion of various readings from MSS arid editions, as the publication of it was fubfequent to the pubHcation of his tranflation and notes. This is a work of great labour and great merit j but it is much to be wifhed that all his MSS, and editions may undergo a more minute examination, and that all their variations may be exhibited to the world in a method as advantageous as that which Dr. Kennicott adopted. It is to be lamented, that the learned Dr. Kenni cott was prevented by death from printing all his Remarks on Seledt Paffages in the OJd Teftament. He intended, as I know from himfelf, to have given fome criticifmS on Ifaiah ; and it is furprizing, that they fhould not be found among his papers. It is however ftill more furprizing, that the many notes mentioned by him on feveral occafions in that part of his Remarks which was printed under his own diredlion fhould not be found. See p. 38. 51. 65. 66. 67. 87. 99. 112. 128. 168. 173. Isit fuppofeable that thefe notes, to which he hath re ferred as numbered, and as intended to be printed at the end of the volume in an Appendix, and which muft have confifted of a great variety of par ticulars and of references to books, were not pre pared by him for the prefs ? I have PREFACE. IX I have carefully compared the tranflation in the prefent Englifh Bible with the. tranflations in three older Englifh Bibles, and have found thefe in many inftances much more accurate and exadt than the other. The Bibles which I have examined, and which I have in my own poffeffion, are thofe of 1 550, 1574 and 1599. In the two fpecimens above mentioned, I followed Bifhop Lowth's metihod, and arranged the tranfla tion of thofe parts which were not manifeftly profe in lines or hemiftics as poetry ; but as" in many in ftances there is great uncertainty in refpedt to the right divifion, and as the tranflation is not made. poetry by fuch arrangement, I have thought ic better ih this publicatiori to purfue a different method. It may be very ufeful to afcertain with all pofllblje exadtnefs the right divifion in the original ; but it is a ftrong objedtion againft arranging the tranflation in this manner, that tranflators are often compelled to alter the order of the words, and to divide the lines otherwife than they ought to be divided in the original. Bifhop Lowth's tranflation of lvii. 19. ftands thus ; I create the fruit of the lips J Peace, peace, to him that is near. And to him that is afar off,' faith Jehovah ; and I will heal him. b ' But X PREFACE. But in the Hebrew the wprds are arranged, and the lines ought probably to be divided, in the following manner j I create the fruit of the lips ; Peace, peace, to him who is afar off. As to him who is near, faith Jehovah j and I -will heal him. Will any reader thipk that this verfe appears in Englifh to greater advantage in either of thefe forms than in the common form of profe ? 1 am glad to find my fentiments on this fubjedt confirmed by the remarks of Dr. Geddes in his valuable letter to Bifhop Lowth p. 41 — 45. I conclude with the animated exhortation of a very learned and ingenious man ; '^ Quando nihil auguftius aut magnificentius animo pofllt obyerfari quam Dei O; M, homines alloquentis imago, ita- de verbis fandtifiim^e iUius voluntatis nunciis medi- tari, ad intimos eorum fenfus penetrare, tenebras quibus hominum errore implicata fuerint difcutere, eaque ipfa in fua luce coUocare, haec ea mentis ex- ercitatio eft, qua nulla ^aut irrimortali ejus natvira dignior, aut ipfi gratior eft aut jucundior." Lin gua Hebraic^ fiudium comtnendatum orat. Oxon. habit. A..T). MDccLxxx. a Georgio Jubb. S.T.P. Sept. 8. 17^0, M. D, ERRATA. Note. b. fignifies from the bottom of the page. Pfige 53. 1. 18. for //le ^>-fli»^ r. Hades. — b. 4. for the gra've r. Hades. 56. 1. 6. for thee r. you. 62. b. 6, r. fliall foon. 70. 1. 4. ior ye r. thou. 93. 1, 17. Infert ht-iore Verily, They have no knowlege nor underftanding. 33. I. 19. r. fhall. 94. 1. 19. r. fame time. 95. 1, 16. r. knew. 113. 1 I. r. Therefore. 117. note 1. 9. for that r. the. 132. 1. 30. r. [gladnefs] 145. 1. 5. for Une r. fentence. 147. b. 8. Infert 'nVx. 151. 1. 4. r. vitivoaUai;. 157. 1. 28. r. dicantur. 169. 1. I. r. roil. 194. 1. 23. ior fingular r. plural. . r- 30. r. Epit. 212. J. 18. forysi'r. yffl'. 228. 1. 8. r. tranfaflions. 333. 1. 2. r. xxxii. 249 1. 7- r. twia-xoTT)). 302. 1. 22. r. 6;. a. 329. I. 13. r. npfii). N. B. In the margin the numbers of the verfes are fometimes not fo exaAly placed as they ought to have been. t S AI AH. THE VISION OF ISAIAH THE SON OF AMOS, WHICH HE SAW CONCERNING JUDAH AND CHAP, JERUSALEM, IN THE DAYS OF UZZIAH, JOTHAM, AHAZ AND HEZEKIAH, KINGS OF JUDAH; S E C T I O N J. 5. H E ARi O heavens, and give ear, O earth; for Jehovah .is fpeaking. I have begotten and brought up children ; and even they have 3; revolted frpm me. The ox krioweth his owner j and the afs his maft"er's crib : but Ifrael knoweth not me ; and my people con fidereth not; 4. Ah, finful nation ! a-people. laden with ini quity ! a race of evil-doers ! children dege nerate! ye have forfaken Jehovah^ and have fcornfully rejedted the Holy One of Ifrael- 5; Why -will ye ftill turn afide? Why will ye repeat revolt ? Every head is fick, and every 6. heart fainting. -From the fole of the foot even to the head, there is no foundnefs in them : but wound, and bruife, and putrifying forej not preffed,. nor bound, nor foftened A with 2 ISAIAH. 7. with ointment. Yourcountry is defolate, your cities arc burned with fire. Your land ftrangers devour before your eyes ; and it is wafted by 5. the defolation of foreign nations. _ And the daughter of Sion is left, as a fhed in a vine yard J as a lodge in a garden of cucumbers ; 9. as a defolated city. If Jehovah, God of Hofts, had not left to us a feed, we had foon becorne as Sodom, and we had been like to 10. Gomorrah. Hear the word of Jehovah, ye princes of Sodom ! Give ear to the law of God, ye pfeople of Gomorrah I II. What is the multitude of your facrifices to me ? faith Jehovah. I am cloyed -with the burnt-offerings of rams, and the fat of fed- beafts : and in the blood of bullocks, and of 12. lambs, and of goats, I have no delight. When ye come to appear before me, who hath re- 13. quired this at your harids ? ¦ Tread my courts no more ; bring no more a vain oblation. In cenfe ! it is an abomination to me. The new- moon, arid the fabbath, and the affembly proclaimed, I cannot endure ; the faft, and 14. the dayof reftraint. Your months, and your folemnities I hate : they are a burden to me; 15. I am weary of bearing them. When ye fpread forth your hands, I will hide my eyes from you ; yea, when ye make mariy flayers, I 16. will not hear you.i Wafh ye your hands which are full of blood, and be ye clean; remove the evil of your doings frorti before my 17. -eyes; ceafe to do evil ; learn to do well ; feek judgment; deliver the oppteffed; do juftice to the fatherlefs; defend the catife of tlie wi- 1^. dow. Come now, arid let us fettle the affair, faith 1 S A i A Fi. j faith Jehovah. Though your fins be as fcar- leti they fhall be -^hite as fnow , and though they be red as crimfon, they fhall be as wool. 1 9. If yt be willing and obedient, ye ihall eat the 20. good of the land : but if ye refufe, and be Tebellious, the fword of the enemy fhall de vour you ; for the mouth of Jehovah hath pronounced It, £1. Ho-w is the faithful city become a harlot; Sion, -who was full of judgment ! Righteoufnefs !22. dwelled in her; but now murderers. Thy filver is become drofs ; thy wirie is mixed with 23. water : thy princes are rebellious, affociates of robbers ; every one of them loveth a gift, and feeketh l-ewards : to the fatherlefs they adrrii- nifter not juftice J and th'e Caufe of the widow cbmtth not before them. 24. Therefore thus faith the SOvfefeign Lord^ Jehovah, God of Hofts : Alas ! O ye mighty ones of Jerufalem ! 1 will not fuffer my in-^ dignatiori againft my adverfaries to reft; but I5. I will be avenged on my enemies. And I will bring again rtiy hand over thee ; and I will ptlrge away in the furnace thy drofs ; 16. and I will remove all thy alloy. I will reftore thy jtidges, as - at the firft ; and thy counfel lors, as at the beginning ; and afterwards thou fhalt be called, The city of righteoufnefs, ir/i I'he fiithful metropolis. Sion fliall bfc re deemed in judgment, and her captives iri mercy: a8. But the revolters and the finners fhall be bfokeh togethei-; and they who forfake Je- 29. HOVAH fhall be confilmfed. For they fhall be . afhamed ofthe ilexes, -which they have defired; A 2 and 4 I S 'A 1 A H. and they fliall blufli for the gardens, which 30. they have chofen: when they fhall be as an ilex deprived of it's leaves ; and as a garden 31. without water. And the ftrong man fliall .be come tow, and his work a blaze; and they fliall burn together, and no-one fliall quench them. SECTION II. CHAP. THE WORA WHICH WAS REVEALED ^^- TO ISAIAH THE SON OF AMOS, CON- , CERNING JUDAH, AND JERUSALEM. 2. In the latter days the mountain of Jehovah fhall be confpicuous ; yea, the lipufe of God on the fummit of the mountains. It fliall be exalted above the hills; and all nations fhall 3. come to it. And. many peoples fhall go, a,nd fhall fay ; " Come ye, and let us go. up to the mountain of Jehovah ; and to the houfe of the God of Jacob : and he will teach us his ways ; and we will walk in his paths." For from Sion, fhall go forth the law ; and the 4. v/ord of Jehovah from, Jerufalem. And he fhall judge among the nations, and fliall work convidtion in ; many peoples : and they fhall beat their fwords into plough-fhares, and their fpears into pruning-hooks. Nation fhall not lift up fword againft nation; nor fhall they learn war any mpre. 5. O houfe of Jacob, come ye, and let us walk in the light of Jehovah ! 6, Verily, ISAIAH. 5 6. Verily, thou haft abandoned thy people, the houfe of Jacob ; becaufe they are filled with- diviners more than the eaft, and with footh fayers as the Philiftines ; and they multiply a 7. fpurious brood of ftrange children. And their land is filled with filver and gold ; and there . is no end to their treafures : and their l^nd is , filled with horfes, and there is no end to their S. chariots: and their land is filled with idols, the works of their own hands ; and they bow themfelves down to that which their fingers 9. have made. Therefore the mean man fhalT be ~^' bowed down; and the mighty man fhall be humbled; and thou wilt not forgive them. 10. Go ye into the rocks, and hide yourfelves in the earth, from the fear of Jehovah, and from the glory of his Majefty, when he fhall II. arife to ftrike the land with terror. The lofty eyes of men fliall be humbled ; and the highth of mortals fhall bow down: and Jehovah 1 2. alone fhall be exalted in that day. For the day of Jehovah, God of Hofts, fhall be againft every proud one, and he fhall be abafed-; and againft evei-y haughty one, and he fhall be humbled : and againft all the lofty 13; cedars of Lebanon ; and againft all the high 14. oaks of Bafan : and againft all the lofty moun- 15. tains; and againft all the high hills ; and againft eivery high-raifed tower ; and againft every \(>. fortified wall ; and againft all the fliips of Tarfliifh;. and againft every lovely palace: 17. and the loftinefs of man fhall bow down, and the highth of mortals fhall be humbled : andjs- 18. hovah alone fhall be exalted in that day : and 19. the idols -fhall totally difappear. And- they A 3 fliall a ISAIAH. fh^U go irjto caverns of fpcks, and ip.tp holes of'the earth, from' tljp fear of Jehovah, and from the glory "of his majefty, when he 20, ftiall arife to ftrike the land with terror. Ii^ that day a man fhall abandoji his idols of filver, and "hi^ idols of gold, which he fliall h.ave rnade to worflilp, 'fo the bats and other yer- 21. min : to go into caves of the rocks, and into clefts of the craggy- rocks, fronci tlie fear of Jehovah, and from the glory of his Majefty, When he ^all arife to ftrike the land with ter- CHAP. I. ror. For behol4 the Sovereign Lord, J^- . ^^^' HO yah, God of Hofts, removeth from jeru falem, and from Jud^h, every ftay and fup- 2. port ; the whole ftay of bread, and the whole ftay of water ; the mighty man, and the war rior ; the judge, and the prophet, and th,e di- ^. viner, and the fage; the ruler of fifty,, and the honourable perfop ; and the counfellor|^ and the flcilful artift, and tjie powerful in per- 4, fuafion. And I will make boys their priijces; 5. and infants fhall rule oyer them^ And the people will be opprefFed^ one man by another; and eVery man will behave infolently toward his neighlaour ; the boy toward the old man, 6. and the bafe toward the honourable. There fore a man will tajce his brother, of his fa- ither's houfe, by the ga,rment, iTaying ; " Come, and be thou ruler over us ; and let thy han4 7. fupport our ruinous ftate." Then he will openly declare, faying ; " I ' will not be the healer of your breaches ; for in my houfe is neitjier bread, nor raiment : appoint not me 8. a ruler of tfie pepple." For Jerufalem tottereth, and Judah falleth ; becaufe their tongues, and |:heir hands, are agaijiii. Jehovah j to pro-. yok§ I S A I A. H. 7 voke by their difobedience the cloud of his 9. glory. The fteadfaftnefs pf their countenances witneffeth againft them; for their fin, as So dom, they publifh, they hide it not. Wo to them I becaufe they have devifed evil againft 10. themfelves, faying; " Let us deftroy the Juft One, for he is of no ufe to us." Therefore 1 1, the fruits of their adtions they fliall eat. Wa to the finner ! evil, according to the defeifving 12. of his hands, fhall be done to him. As ta my people, children are their opprefTors ; and women bear rule over thern. O my people, your leaders caufe you to err, and pervert the 13. way of your paths. Jehovah arifeth to plead his caufe; he ftandeth up to contend with 14. his people. Jehovah will meet in judgment the elders of his people, and their princes. As to you, ye have burned my vineyard ; the 15. plunder of the poor is in your houfes. What mean ye, that ye crufh my people, and grind l6. the faces of the poor ? Thus faith Jehovah, God of Hofts ; Becaufe the daughters of Sion are haughty ; and walk difplayirig the neck, and falfely fetting off their eyes with paint ; mincing their fteps as they go, and with their 17. feet lightly tripping along : therefere Jehovah will humble the head ofthe dayghters pf Sionj 18. and Jehovah will expofe their nakednefs. In that day Jehovah will take from them the - ornaments pf the feet-ring-s, and the net- ,19. works, and the crefcents ; the pendents, and 20. the braeeletsi, aiid the thin veils ; the tires, and the fetters, and the zones, and the per- £ I . fume-boxes, and the amulets ; the rings, and 22. the jewels of the noftrils; the embroidered robes, and the tunics; and the cloaks, and A 4 the 8 IS A I A H. 43. the little purfes ; the tranfparent garments, and the fine lineiirvefts ; and the turbans, and 24. the mantle^. Apd thou [o Sion] flialt haye, inftead of perfume, a putrid ulcer ; and, in ftead of well- girded raiment, rags ; and, in ftead of high-dreffed hair, baldnefs ; and, irj- ftead of a zone, a girdle of fackcloth. Thefe 25. things thou fhalt have inftead of beauty. _Thy people fliall fall by the fword ; and thy mighty 26. men in the battle : and thy doors fhall h-. ment and mourn ; and thou fhalt fit difconfo- CHAP. I. late on the ground. And feven women fhall •ty- take hold of one man, faying; " Our own bread we will eat, and with our own garments ¦w-e will be Cloathed : only let ys be called by 2. thy name ; take away our reproach." In that day the branch of Jehovah fhall become glo rious and honourable ; and the produce of the land excellent and beautiful ; for the efcaped 3. of the houfe of Ifrael. And whofoever fhall be left in Sion, and fhall remain in Jerufalem, holy fliall he be called ; every one who fliall be 4. written for life in Jerufalerrj : fince Jehovah will wafh away the filth of the fons and daughters of Sion ; and the blood of Jerufa lem he will remove from the midft of her ; by a fpirit of judgment, and by a fpirit of burn- 5. ing. Then Jehovah will caufe to come up.orj the ftation of mount Sion, and upon all her holy affemblies, a cloud by day; and the fmoke and brightnefs of a flaming fire by night ; yea, over all the glory fhall be a cover- 6. ing. And it fhall be a tabernacle for fhade from the heat ; and for a covert, and a refuge^ from ftorm and rain. SECTION ISAIAH, SECTION, III. I. I WILL fing now a fong to my beloved ; a CHAP, fpng of loves concerning my vineyard. I Y- 2. , have a vineyard on a fruitful hill : and I made a fence about it ; and I cleared it from the ftones ; andJ planted it with the vine of Sorek ; and I built a tower in the midft of it ; and I hewed out alfo a lake therein : and I expedted that it fhould bring forth grapes ; but it brought 8, forth poifonous berries. And now, O inha bitants of Jerufalem, and. men of Judah, judge, L I pray you, between me and my vineyard. 4.. What could have been done more to my vineyard, than I have done init? Why, when i expedled that it fhould bring forth, grapes, 5. brought it forth poifonous berries ? But come now, and I will make known to you what I purpofe to do to my vineyard : to remove it's hedge, and it fliall be devoured ; to deftroy 6. it's fence, arid it fhall be trodden down. And ^ I will make it a defolation ; it fliall not be pruned, neither fhall it be digged : but the brier and the thorn fhall fpring up in it ; and I will command the clouds, that • they may 7. fhed no rain upon it. Verily, the vineyard of Jehovah, God df Hofts, is the houfe of Ifrael ; and the men of Judah the plantation of his delight: and he looked for judgment,. but be hold, tyranny; and for righteoufnefs, but be hold, the cry of the oppreffed ! 8. Wo to you who join houfe to houfe ; who lay field to field; until there is no place, and ye ]iave- your dwelling only to yourfelves, in the . '" ¦ ¦ midft ,0 ISAIAH. 9. midft ofthe land. To my ear Jehovah, God of Hofts, hath revealed it. Surely many houfes fhall become a defolation; the great |0. and the fair ones, without an inhabitant. Yea^ ten acres of vineyard fhall yield a fingie bath pf wine, and a chomer of feed fhall produce an ephah, JI. Wo to them who rife early in the morning, to follow ftrong drink ; who fit late in the 12. evening, that wine may inflame them; and the lyre, and the harp, the tabor and the pipe, and wine are their entertainments : but the work of Jehovah they regard not ; and the operation of his hands they perceive npt. 13. Therefore my people go into captivity for want ofthe knowlege of Jehovah ; and their nobles have died with hunger ; and their plf- 14. beians are parched with thirft. Therefore Hades hath enlarged his appetite; and hath ftretched open his nwuth without meafure : and down go her nobility, and her populace; and her bufy throng, and all who exult in her, 15. And the mean man fliall be bowed down, and the great man fhall be brought low ; and the j6. eyes of the haughty fhall be humbled : and Jehovah, God ©f Hofts, fhall be exalted in judgment; and God, the Holy One, fliall be 17. glorified in righteoufnefs. Then the fheep fliall feed without reftraint; and the lambs fhaU depafture the defolate field pf the luxu rious. 18. Wo to them who draw out iniquity, as a long cable ; and fin, as the thick traces of a waine : tg. iwho fay, " Let hinn make fpeed, let him haften his I S A I A H. i; his work, that we may fee it ; and let the gurpofe of the Holy One" pf Ifrael take e{fe&^ that we rtiay knpw it." ^Q- Wp to them whp call eyil good, apd good eyil ; who put darknefs for light, and light for darknefs; who put bitter for fweet, and fweet fpr bitter^ - 21. Wo to them who are wife in their own eyes, and prudent in their own conceit. 0.2, Wo to them who are powerful to drink wine ; and men of might to mingle ftrong drink : 23. who juftify the guilty for reward, and take away the righteoufnefs' of the righteous from him. JI4, Therefore as the tongue of fire licketh up the ftubble, and as the flame diffolveth the chaff; fo their root fhall become as touchwood, and their bloffom fliall go up as the duft :-. becaufe they have defpifed the law of Jehovah, God of Hofts ; and have fcornfully rejedted the word of the Holy One of Ifrael. 2^. Wherefore the anger of Jehovah was kindled againft his people ; and he ftretched out his hand againft them : and he fmote theiTi, and the mountains trembled^ ; and their carcafes became as dung in the midft of the ftreets. By all this- his anger is not turned 26. away ; but his hand is ftill ftretched out. And he- will eredt a ftandard for the nations afar off; and he will hift them from the ends of the, earth ; and behold, with fpeed if, fwiftly they, fliall come. None amorig them fhall faint, nor ftumble ; none Ihall flumber, nor 12 ISAIAH. nor fleep ; nor fliall the girdle of their loins be loofed ; nor fliall the latchet of their flioes 28. be unbound. Whofe arrows are fharpened, and all their bows are bent. The, hoofs of their horfes fhall be counted as adamant ; and- the wheels of their chariots as a whirlwind. 29. Their growling fliall be as the growling of a lionefs; as the young lions they fhall growl. They fliall roar, and fhall feize the prey; and they fhall bear it away, and none fhall refcue- 30. it. In that day they fhall roar againft them, as the roaring of the fea : and thefe fliall look up to the heaven, and down to tlie earth ; and lo ! darknefs, diftrefs ! and the light ob fcured by the gloomy vapour ! S E C T I O N IV. CHAP. I. In the year in which Uzziah the king died VI. I faw Jehovah fitting on a high and elevated 2. throne ; and the temple was full of his glory. Above him- ftood feraphim : each one of them had fix wings ; with two of them he covereth his face, with two of them he covereth his feet,' 3. and two of them he ufeth in fiying. And they cried alternately, and faid; " Holy, holy, holy, Jehovah, God of HoftS ! The 4. whole earth is full of his glory." And the pillars of the veftibule were fhaken by the voice of their cry ; and the temple was filled 5. with fmoke. And I faid ; " Alas for me ! I am ftruck dumb : for I am a man of polluted lips ; and in the midft of a people of polluted lips I dwell ; and my eyes ha-^^e feen the king, 6. Jehovah, God of Hofts." And one of the feraphim i S A I A H. Il o feraphiiti came to me fiying ; and in his hand was a burning coal, which he had taken with 7. the tongs from the altar. And he touched iTiy mouth, and faid ; " Lo ! this hath touched thy lips : thy iniquity is removed, and thy fin 8. is pardoned." And I heard the voice of Jehovah faying ; " Whom fhall I fend, and 9. who will go to this people ?" And I faid ; " Behold, here' am I ; fend me." And he faid ; " Go thou, and fay to this people : , Hear ye .indeed, but underftand not ; fee ^ye 10. indeed, but regard not. For the heart qf this people is become grofs ; and their ears they have made dull, and their eyes they have clofed ; that they may not fee with their eyes, nor hear with their ears, nor underftand with their hearts, and be converted ; and I may II. heal them." And I faid; " How long, O Jehovah ?" And he faid; " Until cities be laid wafte, fo that there be no inhabitant ; and .houfes, fo that there be no man ; and the land 4 2, be left utterly defolate: until Jehovah re move man far away ; and there be many a. ; deferted woman in the midft of the land. 13. -And though there "be a tenth part remaining in it, even this fliall undergo a repeated de ftrudtion ; yet, as the ilex, or the oak, though cut down, hath it's ftock remaining, a holy -feed fhall be the ftock of the nation," SECTION V. In the days of Ahaz, the Son of Jotham, CHAP. the fon of Uzziah, king of Judah, Rezin, VIL king of Syria, and Pekah, the Son of Rema liah, 14 I S A i A H. liah, king of Ifrael, came up againft Jeriifalerfi to befiege it; but they could nPt overcome it, 2. And when it was told to the houfe of David, that Syria was fupported by Ephraim, the heart of the king, and the heart of his people was rhoved, as the ti^ees of the foreft are moved 3. before the 'wind. Theri faid JehoVah to Ifaiah; " Go out now to "meet Ahaz, thou and Shear- jaftiub thy fori, at the end of the aqiiediidt of the upper pool, at thfe caufiey of the fbller's 4. field ; and thou fhalt fay to him : Take heedj and be ftill ; fear not, arid let not thy heaft faint, for the two tails pf thefe fmokeing fire brands, for the fierce anger of kezin, and the 5. fon of Remaliah : becaufe Syria hath purpofed evil agairift thee, Ephraim and the fon of Re- 6. maliah, faying ; Let us go up againft Judah, and harrafs it ; and let us rend off a part of it for ourfelves 5 and let us make the fon of Ta^ 7. beal king irt the midft of it. Thus faith Jeho-- vaHj God of Hofts ; it fhall not ftarid, neither' ¦8. fhall it be. Though the head of Syria be Da mafcus, and the head of Damafcusi Rezin ; and the head pf Ephralrri be Samaria, and 9. the head of Samaria Remaliah's foh : yet withiri fixty arid five years Ephrairri fhall be broken from bfeing a people. If ye bfeliev6 ao. not in me, ye ftiallnot be eftabliflled." And JehoVah fpake yet agkiri to Ahaz, faying; II. " Afk thovi a figri from Jehovah, thy God ; 12. afk it from beneath, or from above." And Ahaz faid; '" I will riot aflc, neither will I 13. tempt Jehovah." Then he faid ; " Hear yei noWy O houfe of David : Is it a friidll thihg" with yoy to weary men ; but will ye weary Je- 14. hovah alfo ? Neverthelefs Jehovah himfelf will give to you a fign. Behold, the young woman I S A I A. H. !§ woririan is with child, ahd is bringing forth a fon, and ye fhall. call his name, Immanuel. 15. Butter and honey he fhall eat, when he fhall know to refufe the evil and to choofe the good: 16, for before the child fhall know to refufe the evil and to choofe the good; the land which thou [O Ahaz] feareft fhall be deprived of the prefence 17. of both the kirigs. But Jehovah will bring up on thefe) and upon thy people, and upPn thy father's houfe; fuch days as have not come from the day when Ephraim departed from judah. 18, And in that day Jehovah will hift the fly which is in the utitioft part of the rivers of Egypt, and the bee which is in the land of Affyria : 19'. and they fhall come, and they fhall light all of them upon the defolate vallies, and upon the 20. craggy rocks, and upon all the caverns. In that day JehoVah will fhave by the hired razor, by the people beyond the river, by the king of Affyria, the head and the hair of the feet ; arid even the beard itfelf fhall be deftroyed, 21. And in that day if a man fliall feed a cow ahd 22. two flieep, from the plenty of milk, which they will produce he fliall eat butter : even butter and honey he fhall eat, whofoever fhall 23. be left in the midft ofthe land. And every vineyard having a thoufand vines, valued at a ¦ thoufand pieCes of filver, fhall become in that .24. day brier's arid thorhSi With arrows and with the boW they fhall come thither; for the whole 25. land ftiall become briers and thorns. And all the hillsj which were drefl'ed With the mattock, whfei-e the fear of briers and thorns never came, fliall be for the range of the ox, and for the treading of flieep. And i^ .i S A I A Hi fcHAP. I; Arid Jehovah faid to me ; "Take a VIII. large mirror, and write upon it with a work man's graving tool, hasten the spoil, take 2. QUICKLY THE p-REY :" and I called to me for a teftimony faithful witneffes, Uriah the prifeft, 3. and Zachariah the fon of Jeberechiah. Andl approached to the. prophetefs ; and fhe conceive 4. ed and bare a fon : and Jehovah faid to me ; " Call his name maher-shalal, hash-baz ; for before the child fliall know to pronounce^ My father and my mother, the riches of Da mafcus fliall be borne away; and the fpoil af 5". Samaria, before the king pf Affyrias" And 6. Jehovah fpake yet again to me faying ; " Be caufe this people have rejedted the waters- of Siloah, which flow gently ; and rejoice in Re- 7. zin, and the fon of Remaliah : therefore be hold, Jehovah bringeth upon them the v/aters of the river, the ftrpng and the mighty ; even the king of Affyria, and all his force ; and he fhall rife above all their channels, and fliall go 8. over all their banks ; and he fliall pafs through Judah, overflowing and fpreading, even to the neck he fliall reach : and tlie extent of his camp fhall be over the full 'breadth of thy land^- O Immanuel." 9. Affociate yourfelve.s, ye peoplesj and be dif mayed : and give ear, all ye of diftant lands ; gird yourfelves and be difmayed ; gird your- 10. felves and be difmayed : take counfel together, and it IhaU come to nought ; fpeak the word^ and it fliall not ftand : for Immanuel II (Thus faid Jehovah to me with great earneftnefs, ,and inftrudted me, that I fhould not walk in the way of this peo- .12. pie, faying; "Say ye not. It is holy, of every thing ISAIAH: 17 thing df which this people fhall fay,' It is hply ; and fear ye not their fear, neither be ye terri- I3. fied. Sandtify ye Jehovah, God of Hofts: and let him.be your fear, arid let him be your 14; dread."). And he [Immanuel] fliall be to the- natioris for fandtificatiph : but for a ftone of ftumbling, and for a rpck of offence, to two pf the houfes of Ifrael ; for a trap, and for a ' 1 5. fnare to the inhabi tapts of Jerufalem : and many _ among them will ftumble, , and fall, and be 1 6. broken, and infharedi and .caught. Then will be manlfefted, thofe who feal the law, that 17. they may not learn: and he will fay; " I will wait for Jehovah, Who hideth his face from the houfe of Jacob ; and I will truft in him. 1 8 . Behold, I, and the children, whom God hath givert to. m;e:" . And there ftiall be figns and . wonders in Ifrael from Jehovah, God of Hoftsj- 19. who dwelleth in the mountain of Sion. And when theyfh-allfay toyou; *' Inquire ofthe ven- triloquifts and the wizards, of-them who fpeak inwardly and who mutter;" Should not a peo ple inquire of their God ? Should "they inquire 20. of the de^d concerning the living'? To the law and to the teftimony, let them have recourfe. If they will not fpeak according to this word, ii. in which is no obfcurity, every one of them' fliall pafs through the land difb-effed and fa mifhed ; and when he fhall be._, famiflied and angry with himfelf, , he will curfe his king and 12. his' God : arid he fhail caft his eyes upward, and; IPok down to the earth ; and lo; ! djftrefs and darknefs !. gloom, tribulation and accumu lated darknefs 1 ¦ ^3. But there is no darknefs in the land" which was diftteffed ; in the former tirrie he debafed B the r8. TSAIAH. the 4and of Zebulon and the land of N'apthali j but in the latter time he hath made them glo rious ; even the way ofthe fea, along the Jor- CHAP. I. dan, Galilee of the narions. The people who IX. walked in darknefs have feen a great light; to them who dwelled in the land and IhadoW of 2. death the light hath fhined. Thou haft mul- tiplied tbe nation ; thou haft increafed their joy: they rejoice before thee, as witb the joy of harveft; as they rejoice -who divide the 3. fpoil. Fot the yoke of their burden, the ftaff '. laid on their flioulder, the rod of their op preffor thou haft broken, as in the day of Mi dian ; and every weapon of the warrior ufed in battle, and the garment often rolled in blood £; are for burning, even fuel for the fire : for to us a child is born, to us a fon is given, arid the government fhall be upon his flioulder ; and his. name fhall be called. The meffenger of the -great defign ; The father of the age ; 6. The prince of peace, . Of the increafe of his government and peace there fhall be no end; upon the throne of David, and upon his king- .^ dom to fix it,, and to eftablifh it, with judg ment, and with juftice, henceforth and fpr ever, . The zeal of Jehovah,. God of Hofts, will do this. S E C T I., Q N VI. 7. Jehovah hath- fent a word again^^^ Jacob- v' 8. and it hath lighted upon Ifrael. Becaufe- the whole people ¦ behave with haughtinefs, Ephraim and the inhabitant of Samaria,, in 9. pride and arrogance of heart faying; <' The bricks are fallen, but we will build With hewn- ftone ; the fycamores are cut dQW«„ but we wili^ ISAIAH; 19 io. will replace them with cedars:" therefore Je- HOVAH will excite the princes of ^ezin againft them; and will raife up their enemies together; ii. the Syrians from the eaft, and the Philiftines frotti the weft : and they ftiall devour Ifrael on every fide. By all thi.% his anger will not be turned away; but his hand will be ftill ftretched out. 1 2; Beeaiife this people have not turned to hirh who fpfiote them j and Jehovah, God of Hofts, 131 they have pot fought : therefore Jehovah will cut ofi^ from Ifrael the head and the tail, 14. the branch and the rufh in one day ; the aged, ^nd the honourable perfon, he is the head ; i.nd the prophet, who teacheth falfhood, he is 15. the tail ; for the leaders of this people lead them aftray ; and they who are led by them i6. fhall be devoured. Wherefore Jehovah will not rejoice over their yoUng men ; and upon their orphans, and their widows, he will have no compaffion : for every one pf them is a hypocrite and an evil-doer ; and every mouth fpeaketh folly. By all this his anger will not be turned away ; but his hand will be ftill ftretch ed out. i"]. For wickednefs burneth, as a fire; the brier and the bramble it fliall confume ; artd it fliall kindle the thicket of the wood ; and fhaU 18. mount up in volumes of rifing fmoke. Through the anger of Jehovahj God pf Hofts, the land is darkened ; and the people fliall be as f^%\ fpr the fire. A ^nan will not fp^re his brother ; 19. biit he will fnatch on the right, and yet be hungry ; and he will devour on the left, and not be fatisfied. Every man will devour the .20- flefli of his neighbour ; Manaffeh will devour B 2 Ephraim, ^ I S A I A ii. Ephra'im, and Ephraim Manaffeh ; and both of theiri will be united againft Judah. By all 21. this his anger will not be turned away ; but his harid wiU be ftill ftretched out. \ ¦ ^HAP. I, Wo to them who decree unrighteous de- ^- crees ; to the fcribes who adt wickedly in draw- 2, ing up decrees : to turn afide the needy from judgment ; to rob of their right the poor of rriy people: that the widows may becorne their prey ; and" that they may plunder the orphans. 3. And what will ye do in the day of vifitation ; and in the day of defolation, which fliall come from afar ? ¦ To whom will ye flee for fuccour .j 4. and where will ye depofit your wealth ? With out me, they fhall bow down under the bound, and under the flain they fhall fafl. By all thrs his anger will not be turned away; but his hand will be ftill ftretched out. SECTION VIL 5.- HO ! to the Affyrian : the rod of my angei-, and the ftaff of my indignation, is in his hand ! .6. Againft a diffembling nation I will fend him ; and againft a people, the objedt of my referit- ment, I will give him a charge : to gather the fpoil, and to bear away the prey; and to trample them under foot, as the mire of the 7. ftreets. But he doth nor fo purpofe ; aiid his heart doth not fo intend : but to deftroy is in' his heart ; and to cut off nations not few. 8. For he faith ; " Are not my princes alto- 9. gether kings? Ts not Calno as Carchentlifll ? I's not Hamath as Arphad ? Is not Samaria as TO, Damafcus ? As my hand hath feized the king- domi I ,S A I A H. -21 doms of the idols, whofe grayen images Were fuperior to thofe of Samaria and Jerufalem ; 51. as I have done to Samaria and her idols, fhall I- not likewife do toJen.ifalem and hei- images ?" . 12. But when Jehovah fhall have accomplifhed his whole work upon the mountain of Sion and upon Jerufalepi, he will punifli the effedt of the proud heart of the Idng of Affyria, and the 13. triumphant look of liis haughty eyes : becaufe he hath faid ; " By the ftrength of my hand I have done it ; and by my wifdom, for I am endued with prudence. I have removed the bounds of the peoples ; and I have plundered their hoarded treafures ; and I have brought 54. down thofe who were ftrongly feated. Apd my hand hath found, as a neft, the riches of -the peoples : and as one gathereth eggs de ferted, fo I have made a general gathering of the earth ; and there was no one, which moved the wing, which opened the beak, or which J 5. chirped." Shall the ax boaft againft him who heweth with it ? Shall the faw magnify itfelf againft him who moveth it? As if the rod fliould wield him who lifteth it ; as if the ftaft^ J 6. fhould lift up it's mafter. Wherefore Jehovah, God of Hofts, will fend upon his fat ones leannefs ; ind under his glory he will kindle a 17. byrning, as of a conflagration: and the liglxf of Ifrael fhall become a fire, and his Holy One a flame ; and he fhall burn, and confume 18. his thorn, and his brier in ojie day. Even the glory of his foreft, and of his fruitful field, frpm the foul even to the flefh, he will con fume : and it fliall be as when one fleeth out jr 9. of the fire : and the remainder of the trees of his foreft fhall be a fmaU number, fothat.a 20. child may write them down. And ya. that day B 3 the 22 LS AIAH. the remnant of Ifrael, and the efcaped of the houfe of Jacob:, fliall no longer lean Pn him, who fmote them ; but they wifl lean on Jeho- 21. VAH, the Holy One of Ifrael, ip truth. A remnant fliall return, a remnant of Jacob, to 22. God the Mighty : for though the number of the children df Ifrael be as the fand of the fea, 23. yet a remnant of them only fliall be faved. Fbr an account, perfedting it and cutting it fhort in rightebufnefs, Jehovah, God of Hofts^ will take in the midft of the land. 24. Wherefore thus faith Jehoyah, God of Hofts ; Fear not, O my people, who dwell in Sion, becaufe of the Affyrian, With his ftaff indeed he will fmite you, and his rod he will 25. lift up againft ypu, as the Egyptians did : but yet a very little tirne, and my indi'gnation fhall ceafe, and my anger, in his deftrudtion ; 26, and Jehovah, Gpd of Hofts, will raife up againft him a fcourge,, as the ftroke on Midian at the rock of Oreb : and as the rod which he lifted up over the fta ; yea, he will lift it '27. up, as he did a.gainft the Egyptians. And in that d^ty his burden fliall be removed froni your flioulder, and his yoke from yo^'r neck ; yea, the yoke fhall perifti from your fhoulders, 28, He is come to Ai^th; he hath paffed to Mi- grop ; at Michmas he depofiteth his baggage, ag. They have paffed the ftra,it ; Geba is their lodging for the night, Jlamah is frightened ; 30, Gibeah of Saul fleeth, Cry aloud with thy voice, O daughter of Gallipi ; hearkep to her, 131. O Laifh ; anfwer her, O Anathoth. Madmepa , is gone away ; the inhabitants of Gebim fl!ee, 32. To-day he abideth in Nob. He wfll fhake his hand againft the mountaip of the daughter ISAIAH. 23 23^ of Sion, againft the hill of Jerufalem. Behold, the Sovereign Lord, Jehovah, God of Hofts, will lop the flourifhing branch with a dreadful crafh; and the high of ftature fhall be cut J4. down, and the lofty fliall be brought low : and he will hew the thickets of the foreft with iron^ and Lebanon fhall fall by a mighty hand.. ^ r. But there fhall fpring forth a rod from the CHAP. trunJc of Jeffe ; and a cion from his roots fhall ¦^'* 2. become fruitful.: and the fpirit of Jehovah fhall reft, upon him : the fpirit of wifdom., and underftanding; the fpirit of counfel and ftrength ; the fpirit of the knowlege artd fear 3.. of Jehovah. And he will bfe of quick dif cernment in the fear of Jehovah : fo that not according to the fight of his eyes he will judge ; nor according to the hearing of his 4. ears he will reprove. But with righteoufnefs he will judge the poor ; and with equity he will work convidtion in the meek of the land. And he fhall fmite the land with the blaft of his mouth ; and with the breath of his lips 5. he fhall flay the wicked one : and righteouf- ^ nefs fhall be the girdle of his loins ; and 6i .faithfulnefs the cindture of his reins. Then the wolf fliaJl take up his abode with the lamb; and the leopard fliaU lie down with the kid : and the <;alf, and the young lion, and the fatling fhall come together ; and a little child 7. fliall lead them : and the cow and the fhe-bear fhall feed together; together their young ones , fhall lie down : and the lion ihall eat ftraw as 8. the ox. And tbe fyckling fliall play on the hole of the afpic ; and on the den of the bafilifk the new-weaned child fhall lay his 9. hand. They fliall nox hurt, nor deftroy, ip B 4 all 24 ^ISAIAH. all my holy mountain ; for the land fliall be full of the knowlege of Jehovah, as the 10. waters cover the depths of the fea. And ip that day there ftiall" be a root of Jeffe ; and he who ftiall arife to reign Pver the nations, in him fh'all the nations hope ; and his refting- ^i. place fhall be glorious. And in that day Jehovah will again the fecond time put forth his hand to recover the rernnant of his people, which fhall remain, from Affyria, and from Egypt, and from Pathros, and from Cufh, apd from Elam, and from Shinear, and from 1 2. Hamath, and from the weftern regions. And he will lift up a fignal to the nations, and he , will ' gather the outcafts of Ifrael, and the dif perfed of Judah he will cplledt, from the four 13. extremities of the earth. And the jealoufy of . Ephriaim fhall ceafe ; and the enmity of Judah fhall be no more : Ephraim fhall not be jea lous of Judah ; and Judah fhall not be at en- 14. rinity with Ephraim. But -they fhall invade the borders of the Philiftines weftward ; to gether they fhall fpoil the children of the eaft : on Edom and Moab they .fhall lay their hand ; IS- and the fons of Ammon fhall obey them. As Jehovaij fmote with a drpught the tongue of the Egyptian fea ; fo he will fhake his hand pver the- river with his vehement wind: and he wiU ftrike it into, feven ftreams, and will 16. make it paffable for them on foot. And there fhall be a high-way for the reninant of his p^o - pie ; which fliall remain frpm Affyria : as it was to Ifrael in the day when he came up from. the land of ¦ Egypt.' ' • CHAP. I. And in that day thou fhalt fay; " I v/iU give, ^ii. thanks to thee, OJehov'ah ; for whereas thou " ' ^ " haft' ISAIAH. %§ haft been angry with rpe, thy anger is -turned 2. away,- and thou haft comforted me. Behold^ God is my falvation ; I will truft, and wiil not be afraid : for my ftrength and my fong is Jehoyah ; .and he is become to me falvation," 3. And in the day whep ye fhall draw water with joy from the fountains of falvation ye .4. fhali fay; ?* Give ye thanks to Jehovah ; call upon his name; make known among the peoples his mighty works. Record ye, how highly 5. his name is exalted. Sing ye Jehovah; for he hath wrought a ftupendous work : this is 6. made manifeft in aU the earth. Cry aloud, and fhout fpr joy, O inhabitrefs of Sion; for great in the midfl of thee is the Holy One of Ifrael." , '" ' S E C T I ON VIII, I. THE ORACLE CONCERNING BABYLON, CHAP, WHICH WAS REVEALED TO ISAIAH ^^i^- THE SON OF AMOS. '' 2, Upon, a mpunta.in with a plain furface eredt . the ftandard ; exalt the voiceV beckon with the hand ; that they may enter the gates of 3. pirinces. I have giypn a charge to rpy en rolled warriors ; I have even called my ftrong ones to execute my anger; thofe who exult in 4. my greatnefs. A found of a multitude in the mou.ntairis, as of a grea.t people ; a found ofthe tumult of kingdoms, of nations gathered to gether! Jehovah, God of Hofts, muftereth 5.. the hoft for the battle. ' They come from a ',-'. ¦' ¦ ^ diftant ' 25 I S A I A H. diftant land, from the end of the heavens ; Jehovah, and the inftruments of his anger, to deftroy the whole land. 6. Howl ye, for the day of Jehovah is near; and deftrudtion from the Almighty is coming. 7. Therefore all hands fliall be flackened, and' 8. every heart of mortal fhall melt ; the elders fliall be terrified, and pangs fhall feize thei«, as a woman in labour; they fliall look one upon another, and be aftonifhed ; their coun- 9. tenances fhall be as flames of fire. Behold, the day of Jehovah cometh inexorable; even indignation and burning anger; to make the. land a defolation : and her finners he will 10. deftroy from out of her. ' Yea, the ftars of hea- vep., and their conftellatiops fliall not fend forth their light : the fun fhall be darkened when he goeth forth, and the moon fhall not II. caufe her light to fhine. I will vifit the world for it's fins, and the wicked for their iniquity : and 'I will put an end to the arrogance ofthe proud ; 2ind I will bring down the haughti-- 12. nefs of the terrible. I wili make a mortal more precious than gold ; yea, a man than the 13. rich ore of Ophir. Wherefore I wiil make the heavens to tremble ; and the earth fhall be fhaken out of her place; in the indigna tion of Jehovah, God of Hofts, and in the 14. day of his burning anger. And the remnant fhall be, as a roe chafed, and as flieep, when there is no-one to gather them together ; they fliall look every ope toward his owP -people ; and they fhall fke every one toward his own 15. land- Whpever fliall be overtaken fhall be thruft through ; and as many as fhall be coU 1 6. ledted in a body fhall fall by the fword. And their ISAIAH. 27 their infants fliall be daflied before their eyes j their houfes fhall be plundered,, and their' wives ravifhed. 17, Behold, I will raife up agaipft them the Medes, who will hold filver of no account ; and as for gold they will not delight in it. i8. Their bows fhall dafh the young men ; and on the fruit of the womb they fliall have no rtiercy : their eye fhall have no pity on the 19, children. And Babylon, the beauty of king doms, the glory of the pride of the Chaldeans, fhall becoriie as Sodom and Gpniorrah, which 20. God overthrew. It fhall not be re-eftablifhed again for ever ; nor fhall it be inhabited from generation to generation : t^e Arabian fliall pot pitch his tent there ; nor fhall the fliep- 31. herds make their folds there. But wild-cats ftiall lodge there j and howling monfters Ihali fill their hoyfes : and the daughters of the oftrich fhall dwell thtl-e ; and goats fliall '12. danre there : and jackalls fhall howl in their palaces, and dragons in their voluptubus pa- vilipns, And the" time is near to come ; and J. the days' fhall not be p};plortged : for Jeho- ^'^.^' VAH will have wmpaffion on Jarcob, and will again choofe Ifrael ; and he will caufe them to ¦ fettle uppn their own land. And the ftranger fhall join himfelf to therti, and fhall 2. adhere to the houfe pf Jacob; and the nations fhall take them, and bring them to their oWn place : aPd the houfe of Ifrad fhall poflefs them in the land of Jehovah, as fei-vants aPd as 'hapdtjiiids ; and they fhall take them captive, whofe captives they were ; and they 3, fhall rule over their oppreffors. And in the day ip which Jehoyah IhaU caufe . thee to enjoy XIV. 28 I S A I A H. enjoy fome reft from thy afflidtiop, and from thy difquiet, and from thy hard fervitude laid 4. upon thee, thou fhalt pronounce this .parable upon the king of Babylon, and fhalt fay; ^' How hath the oppreffor ceafed ! the tyrant. 5. ceafed ! Jehovah hath broken the ftaff pf the 6. wicked, the fceptre of the rulers. He who fmote the peoples in fury, with a firoke un remitted ; he who ruled the nations in anger" is 7. perfecuted, and no-one hindereth. The whole earth is at reft, is quiet ; they burft forth into 8. a joyful fhout. Even the fir-trees rejoice over thee, the cedars of Lebanon; ' Since thou art fallen, no feller hath come up againft. us.' 9. Hades from beneath is moved becaufe of thee, to meep thee at thy coming : he roufeth for thee the mighty dead, all the great chiefg of the earth ; he malceth to rife from their 10. thrones all the kings of the nations. All of them .accoft thee, and f^y to thee ; ' Art thou, even thou too, become weak as we ? Art thoy II. made like to us? Is then thy pride, brought down to Hades; the found of thy fprightly inftruments ? Is the vermin become thy couch, and the earth*: worm thy covering ?' 1 2. How art thou fallen from heaven, O J^uci- fer, fon of the morning ! Art cut down to the earth, thou whp fubduedft the nations 1 13. Yet thou faidft in thy heart : ' I will afcend the heavens ; above the ftars of God I will exalt my thrope; I will feat myfejf upon a lofty mpyntain in the extreniities of the north ; 14. I will afcend above the highths of the clpuds ; 15. I will be like to the mofl High,' But thpu art ISAIAH. 29 art gone down to Hades, to the fides of the pit. 16. They who fee thee fhall look attentively at thee ; they fhall .well confider thee : ' Is this the man, who made the earth to tremble ; 17. who fhook the kingdoms ; who made the world a defert ; who deftroyed the cities ; who never difmiffed his captives to their own 18. home ? All the kings of the nations lie down 1 9. in glory, each in his own fepulchre : but thou art caft out on the mountains, as being a corpfe detefted ; cloathed with the flain, with the pierced by the fword, with them who go 20. down to the ftones of the pit. Thou fhalt not be joined to them in burial ; becaufe thou haft deftroyed thy country, thou haft flain thy 1' people. The feed of evil-doers fhali never be renowned.' 21. Prepare ye flaughter. for his children for the iniquity of their father, left they rife and poffefs the earth ; and fill the face of the world with warriors. For I. will arife againft them, faith Jehovah, God of Hofts ; and I will cut off from Babylon the name and rem- 23. nant, the fon and pofterity, faith Jehovah : and I will make it an inheritance for the por cupine and pools of water; and T will plunge it in the miry gulph of deftrudlion, faith Je hovah, God of Hofts." SECTION IX. 44. Jehovah, God of Hofts, hath fworn, fay ing; Surely as I haye devifed, fo it fliall be;dan 36 t $ A I AH. and as I have purpofed, the thing fliall ftarid j 25. to crufli the Affyrian in my land, and to trample him on my mountains. Then his yoke fliall depart from them ; and his burdep 26. fhall be removed from their flioulders. This is the purpofe which is purpofed on the wliole earth ; and this the hand which is ftretche4 27. out over all the nations : fot Jehovah, God of Hofts, hath purpofed i and who fliall annul it ? And his hand is ftretched put ; and who fliaU turn it back ? SECTION K. z8. IN THE YEAR IN WHICH AHAZ I3IE0 THIS ORACLE WAS DELIVERED. 29. Rejoice not, O Philiftia, with one copfent; becaufe the rod, which fmote thee, is brokeri; for from the root of the ferpent fhall corne forth a bafilifk ; and his fruit fhall be a flying 30. fiery ferpent. The poor fhaU feed pn my choice firft-fruits ; and the needy fliall lid down in fecurity : but he wiU kill thy root with drought ; and thy remnant he will flay. 31. HqwI, .0 gate ; cry out, O city ! O Phi liftia, thpy art altogether fynk in conl|erna- tion ! For from the north qona'eth a fmoke 5 and there fhall not be a ftraggler among his 32. levies : and what anfwer ftiall be given to the ambaffadors of the nations ? " That Je hovah hath laid the foundation of Sion ; and the poor pf his people fhaft take refuge in her/' SECTION 1 S A I A f L 31 S E C T I O N XT. I. THE ORACLE CONCERNING MOAB. cHAP. XV. ' Because in the night Ar is deftroyed, the Moabites are reduced to filence ! Becaufe in the night Kir is deftroyed, the Moabites are 2. reduced to filence ! They go up to Beth- Dibon, to the altars to weep. Over Nebo, ' and over Medeba, the Moabites fhall howl. On every head there is baldnefs ; every beard 3. is fhorn. In the ftreets they gird themfelves with fackcloth. On the houfe-tops, and to the open places, every one howleth, defcendeth 4. with weeping. The inhabitants of Hefhbon and Eleale cry out aloud ; to Jahats is their voice heard : yea, the loins ofthe Moabites , cry out; their lives are grievous to them. 5. The hearts of the Moabites cry within them ; to Zoar their cry is as the lowing of a young ¦'heifer. Yea, at the afcent of Luhith weeping fhall go up after weeping ; yea, in the way of Horpnaim they will raife a cry of deftrudtion. 6. For the waters of Nimrim fliall become defo late ; the pafture is withered, , the tender plant 7. faileth, the green herb is no more. Wherefore the riches which they have gained, fliall perifh ; and as to their depofits, the Arabians fhalL 8. carry them to a valley: and the cry encom paffeth the border of the Moabites ; to Eglaim reacheth their moan, and to Beer-Ehm their 9. howling. Yea, the waters of Dimon are full of blood ; yet I will bring more evils upon Dimon ; upon the efcaped of Moab and Ariel, I. and the remnant of Admah. I will fend forth CHAF. the fon of the ruler of the land, from Selah ^VI. of 3a ISAIAH; of the defert to the mountain of the daughtef 2. of Sion : and as wandering birdsj driven from the neft, fo fliall be the daughters of Moab at 3. the fords of Arnon. Impart counfel; inter pofe with equity; make thy fhadow as the night in the midft of noon-day. Hide the 4. outcafts ; difcover not the fugitive. Let the outcafts of Moab fojourn with thee, [o Sion ;] be thou to them a covert from the deftroyer. For the oppreffor is no more, the deftroyer ceafeth ; he who trampled you under foot ' 5. is perifhed from the la,nd : and the throne fhail be eftabliftied in mercy, and in .truth fhall one fit thereon ; in the tabernacle of David a judge, carefully fearching out the right, and 6. difpenfing juftice. 'We have heard the pride of the Moabites ; they are very proud : byt their pov,'er is not equal to their haughtinefs, and 7. their pride, arid their anger. Therefore v/ail ye for Moab;, yea, for all Moab cry ye out ;' 8. and for the men of Kirhares moan ye. For the fields of Heflibon fhaU be put to fhame ; the vine of Sibmah fhall languifh, whofe gene-, rp'us ftioots overpowered the lords of the na tions ; they reached to Jazer ; they ftrayed to the defert ; her vines extended themfelves, 9. they paffed beyond the fea. Therefore with. - the v/eeping of Jazer I will weep, O vine of Sibmah : 1 will water you with my tears, O Hefhbon and Elealeh ; becaufe upon your futn- mer-fruits, and uppn your vintage the deftroyer JO. hath fallen; and joy and gladnefs- are taken away from the fruitful field ; and in the vine yards they-ftiall not fing, they fliall not fliout; .in the vats the treader fliall not tread out the wjne ; 1 1 . an end is put to the fhouting. Wherefore my bowels for Moab, as a harp fliall found; and my ISAIAH. ^3 ii. my eritrails for Kirhares. And when the Mo abites fhall fee that they have wearied thein- ¦ :-i/ felves in their places of worfhip, they will ¦ enter into the fandluary to intercede ; but they 13, 'fhall not prevail. This is the word, which Jehovah fpake Concerning Moab long ago.; 14. but now JehoVah hath fpoken, faying: After three years, as the years of ,a hireling, the glory of Moab fhall be debafed in all his great mul titude -, and the remnant fhall be few, fniall, and without ftrength. SECTION XIL I GHAP. . ' . .> , XVIL I. THE ORACLE CONCERNING DAMASCUS; Behold, Damafcus fhall ceafe to be a city 5 it fhail ' even become a ruinous heap, 2. deferted- -for ever: it fhall be a reftirig-p'lace for rhe flocks ; they fhall lie dow!'!, and none ' 3. fhall drive them away. And the fortrefs fhall ceafe from Ephraim, and the kingdom ' from Da mafcus; and the pride of Syria ftiall be as the glory of the forts of Ifrael; faith Jehovah, 4; God of Hofts. And in that day .the glory of Jacob fhail be diminifhed; and the fatnefs cf 5. his flefli fliall become lean^ and it fhall be as when one gathereth the ftanding harveft, art-d' , his arm reapeth the ears of corn : or as when one gleaneth ears in the valley of Rephaim. is. A gleaning fhall be left in it, as in the fhaking of the olive-tree ; two or three berries on the top of the uppermoft bought four or fivdon the -ftraggling fruitful "branches ; faith J'Eho- 7* VAH, Godof Ifrael. In chat day a-maP fliall C "- regard 5+ I S A I A Fl. regard his tfiaker, and toward the Holy One of 8. Ifrael his eyes fhall look : and he fliall not regard the altars dedicated tp the work of his hands ^ and what his fingers have made he fhall not refpe(S ; nor the image* of Aftarte, nor the 9, folar ftatues. In that day his ftrongly fenced cities &al'l become as the defertion of the- Hivites and the Amorites^ when they deferted the land before the face of the fons of Ifrael - 10. and the land fliall become a defolation. Be caufe thou, haft foEg©«en the God of thy fal vation,, arid haft not remembered the rock of thy ftrength j therefore when thoiv fhalt have planted pleafant plants, and fhalt have fee »!,¦ fhoots from a foreign foil ; in the day when thou- flsale have made thy plants to- grow, and in the morning when thou fhalt have made thy fhoots- to fpring forth ; even inr the day of pof feffion the harveft fhall be taken _^away, and there fhall be fbrrpw without- hope. S E C T I €V N XIII. M,. Wc^^ Co the mukitude- of the ntimerousf peoplesy who make, a found as- the found of the fea,, and to th© roaring of the nations, who naake a roaring as'-tlie roaring of mighty" waters; 13. But he fliall rebu.ke thenij and' they fljall flee far av/ay ; and they fball- be driYen as the chafF' of the hills before the windy and' as the goffi^ 14. mer before the whirlwind.- At the ffeafon ol' evening; behold, terror!' Before the morning,.. and heis no more ! This is the portion of thofe who fpoil us ',i and- the lot of thofe who plun der us.- SICTION i S A i A H; SECTION XIV. 35 L , Ho! tothe land of the winged cymbal, which CHAP. 2. borders pn the riYers pf Cufti ; which fendeth XVIII. ambaffadors ori the fea ; and in veffels of pa- |iyrus ori the faCe of the waters. Go, ye fwift ihefferigers, to a n^tioti ftrfetched-odt iri Ifehglhi and fmoothed ; to a peojile terrible from the firft arid hitherto • a riation nieted odt by line; and trodden dowri ; whofe land the riyers have 3. nourifhed. Yea; all ye v^ho inhabit the world; atid who dwell upon the earth, when the ftand ard fhall be lifted up on the mountains, be hold! and wheh the trumpet fhall be founded; 4. Hear! For thus JehoYaH hath faid to me; I will fit ftill arid regard my fixed habitation, as the clear heat after raip, aS the dewy cloud 5. in the day of harveft. Sui-ely before, the vin tage; wheri the bud is |ierfedt ; arid the bloffom is becorne a fwelling grape ; he fhall cUt oft the fhoots with pruning-hooks, arid thebranches 6.' he fliall take av(ray; he fhall ciit down; They fhall be left togfether to the rapacious bird of" the riiduntainsi arid to the virild-bcafts of the earth ; arid the rapacious bird fhall fummer upon it, , artd e-Yery wild-beaft of ihe earth J. fhall wiriter upon it. At that tinic a gift fhall be brought to JehovAh^ God of Hoftsj from a .people fti-etched-'OUt in lerigth arid fmoothed, land from a people terrible from the firft an4 hitherto ; a nation meted out by lirfe and trod den down, whofe larid the riYers. h,3^e nou rifhed J to the place ofthe name of Jehoyah, God of Hofts, to the mountain of Sion. G « SECTION ^6 ISAIAH. SECTION XV. GHAP. " ^'^X- I. THE ORACLE CONCERNING EGYPr, ' BEHPiP, Jehovah rideth upon a fwift cloud, and cometh to £'gypt ! And the ido4s ,of Egypt fliall be moved at his prefence j and the heart of Egypt fliall nielt in the rriidft of i, her. And I will excite Egyprians againft Egyptians, and they fhall fight every man againft his brother, and every man agairift his neigh bour ; city againfl city,, and diftridt againft dif- 3. tridt. And the fpirit of Egypt fhall fail in the midft of her ;' and I will difconcert her purpofe: and they fhall inquire of the idols and the fpr- cerers, and of .the ventriloquifts, and the wiz- 4. ards ; and I will give up Egypt bound into the hands of cruel lords, and a fierce king fhall rule over them,, faith Jebovah, God of Hofts, 5. Then they fliall drink vvater from the fea ; for 6. the river fhall be wafted and dried, and the ftreams fhall become putrid ; the canals of Egypt fhall ' 7. be emptied and dried ; the reed and the lotus fliall -wither, the meadows by the canals, even at the mouth ofthe canals, and every! thing fown by the canals, fhall wither, be blafted and 8. be no more. And the fifhers fhall mourn and lament ; all thofe who caft the hook in the river, and thofe who .fet toils on the face 9. of the waters fliall languifh : and they who work the fine flax fliall be confounded, and io. they who make wicker-work: and all who make barley-wine for their drink fhall mourn i^. r.nd be grieved in foul. Surely the princes of Zoan_are_fools ; the wife counfellors of Phaitoh have counfelled" a brutifh counfel'. How will ye boaft to Pharaoh ; " I am the fon ofthe wife, the t5.* fon 'of .ancient kings ?"" "Where are they ; where, thy . » ISAIAH 37 ¦thy wife-men ? Let them come; and let them tell thee now, arid let them declare, what Jehovah, God of Hoflis, hath purpofed a- 13. gainft Egypt.^ The princes of Zoan are be come fools", the princes of Noph are deceiv ed; they have caufed Egypt to err, even the S4. chief pillars of her tribes. Jehovah hath ming led in the midft of them a fpiri-t' of giddinefs ; and they have caufed Egypt to err in' all her -works, as a drunkard ftaggereth" in his vomit : 15. nor fhall there be in Egypt any work, which the head or tail, the branch or rufh, may per- 16. form. In that day the Egyptians fhall be as women -, and th^ -fliall tremble and fear at the fhaking of the hand' of Jehovah, God of Hofts, if. which he fhall fhake over thern. And the land of Judah fliall become a terror to the Egypti ans : if any one mention it to them they will fear, becaufe of the purpofe of Jehovah, God ¦ of Hofts, which, he hath purpofed againft them. 18. -In that day there -fhall be five cities in the land of Egypt fpeaking the language of Canaan, and fwearing to Jehovah, God of Hofts : one of of them fhall be called The city of the fun. 19. In that-day there fhall be an akar to Jehovah in the riiidft of the land of Egypt-, and a pillar to. by the border thereof to Jehovah : and it fhall be for a fign and for a witnefs to Jehovah, God of Hofts, in the land of Egypt ; that, when they cried to Jehovah becaufe of op preffors, he'fent to them a faviour and a vin- 21. dicator, and he delivered them. And Jehovah fhall be known to Egypt, and the Egyptians fhall know Jehovah in that day ; and they ihall ferve him with facrifice and oblation, and they ¦fhall vow a vow to Jehovah, and fhall per- 22. form it. And Jehovah fliall fmite Egypt, fmiting 3? I S A I A Hj fmiting arid healing her ; and they fhall typi^ to Jehpyah, and he will be intreated by them, 23. and he will heal them. In that day there flialj[ be a high-way from Egypt to Aifyria -, and the Affyrian fhall come into Egypt, and the Egyp- 24. tian fhall worfliip with the AfTyrvat^. In that day Ifrael fhall be reckoned a third, togethjM- with Egypt and Affyria, a blefling in the niidf| 25. of the earth; becaufe Jehova^, Gpd of Hofts, will blefs then:i, faying; ". Blefled J^e my peo-, pie Egypt, and Affyria the work of my hands,, ^nd Ifrael riiy inheritance," SECTION XVI. CHAF. , ¦ ^^. I. In the year in which Tharthan niarched tp Afhdod, whither he was fent by Sargon king of Affyria; and he fought againft Aflidod,' and 2. took it ; at that time Jehovah fpake to Ifaiah^ ^ the fon of A"ios, faying 5 " Go, loofe the fack cloth froni thy loins,; and put off thy fhoe^ 3. frppi, thy feet 5" apd he did fo, -ysfalking naked apd barefpot, And Jehovah faid ; '^ As my feryant Ifaiah hath walked naked and bare foot, a figp and a prodigy of three years upoft ^. Egypt and upon Cufh i fo fhall the king of Affyria lead the captives of Egypt and th^ exiles of Cufh, the young and the old, naked and barefoot, with their hind-parts difcovered, 5. tp the fliame of the Egyptians : and ^hey [of Aflidod] fhaljl b^ terrified, and afliamed of Cyfh, in whom th?y trufted, and of Egypt in whom 6. they gloried. And the inhabitant of this country fhall fay in that day ; " Behold, fuch is the objedit of bur truft, to whom -we fled for fuccour, that we might be delivered from the king of Affyria ! Ho\v then fliall we efcape ?'' SECTION I S A I.A'H. 39 SECTION XVIL THE ORACLE CONCERNING THE DESERT ^^.^f' OF THE §£A. I. As the fouthern tsempefts ruftiing from the ' defert, and coming from the terrible country ; 2. a dreadful vifion is revealed to me. The .plunderer is plundering, and the deftroyer is deftroying. Go up, O Elam ; form the fiege, O Media; for I will put an end to all his op- 3. preffions. Therefore my loins are filled with pain ; anguifh hath feized me, as the anguifh of a woman in labour. I am copvulied at the 4. report; I am aftonifhed at the fight. My heart is bewildered; terrors have feared me: 5. I am fallen into great horror. The table is prepared, the watch is fet ; they eat, they drink : rile, O ye princes ; anoint the fhield : 6. for thus Jehovah hath faid to me ; *' Go, fet a watchman on his ftation ; whatever he fhali 7. fee let him report to thee." And he faw a cha riot with two riders, a rider on an afs and a ' rider on a camel. And he obferved diligently 8. with extreme diligence. And he who looked out in order to watch cried aloud, " O my lord, I kept my ftatiori all the day ; and on 9. my ward 1 have continued all the night : and behold, here cometh a man, one of the two riders; and he anfwereth and faith, Babylon is fallen, is fallen ; and all the gravep images I Of of her gcds are broken to the ground." Hear, O ye remnant; and, O ye afflidled, hear! What I have heard from Jehovah God of Hofts the God of Ifrael, I have declared to yoy, C 4 SECTION 4p. IS AIAH. SECT ION XVIU. u. THE ORACLE CONCERNING DUMAH. A VOICE crieth to me from Seir ; " Watch- 12. man, what from the night? Watchman, wljat from the night?" The watchman replieth- " The piorning cometh, and alfo the night. If ye will inquire, inquire ye : come again." SECTION XIX. 1 3. THE ORACLE CONCERNING. AR A:ESIA. In a foreft in Arabia ye fhall lodge, O ye ' 14. caravans of Dedan ! To meet the thirfty bring ye forth water, O ye inhabitants of the fouthern country ; with bread affift the fugitive. 15. For from the face of the fword they fhall flee; from the face of the drawn fword ; and from the face of the bended bow ; and from the 16. face of the grievous war. For thus Jehovah hath faid to me ; " Within a year, as the year of a hireling, all the glory of Kedar fhall be 17. confumed; and the remainder of the number of the mighty bowmen, of the fans of Kedar, fliall be diminifhed : for Jehovah the God of Ifrael hath fpoken it." - - w ' S E C T ION XX. CHAP. ^- THE ORACLE CONCERNING THE/ xxn.' VALLEY OF VISION. ' W'jiAT hath happened to thee now, that all thy inhabitants, are gone up to the houfe-tops ?' O thou ISAIAH, f( 2. O thou, who waft full of noife, a Uim.yky<5y^ city, ajoypus city'! Thy foldier^ are not flaip by the fword, nor have they died in battle. 3, All thy leaders are gpne off together ; they arc fled from the bow ; all who were found in .thee are ¦ fled together, they are gone far away. 4. Wherefore I have faid : ^' Turn ye away from me ; I will weep bitterly ; ftrive not to com fort rine for the defolation of the daughter of 5. my people." Eor it is a. day of trouble, and of treading down, and of . perplexity from Jehoyah, God of Hofts, in the valley of vifion ; breaking down the -vKafl, and crying to 6. the niountairi." Elam beareth the quiver ; with chariots cometh the Syrian, and with horfe- 7. men ; and Kir uncovereth the fhield : and thy phoiceft valleys, fhall be filled with- chariots ; and the horfemen fhall fet themfelves in array 8. againft the gate; and the barrier of Judah ftiall be laid open. Then .ye fhail look to- yvard the ar&nal of the houfe of the foreft : g. and ye -fliall fee the breaches ofthe city of David to be many. And ye Ihall colledt the 16. -waters of the lower pool,; and. the houfes of Jerufalem ye fliall number ; and ye fhall break II. down the houfes to fortify the rampart;" and ye fhall rnake a lake between the two walls, t» receive the waters' of the old pool. But ye look not to him, who hath. difpofed .this ; and 1 2 . him who formed it of old ye regard not. ' And although Jehovah, Godof Hofts, calleth^to- day tP weeping and to lamentation, a,nd to 13. baldnefs, ahd to girding with fackcloth; yet - ye rejoice and are glad,, flaying oxen, and killing fheep; that ye may eat meat, and drink 14. wine ; and faying, " Let us eat and drink, for ^ io-.morrpw we die." It is revealed to my ears ..-'-¦''¦¦ from 4? ISAIAH. "" fpom Jehoyah, God of Hofts, that this yatir iniquity fliall not be pardoned, till ye. die. 15. Thus faith Jehovah, GodofEIofts; Go thou to this treafurer, to Shebna, who is over 16. the houfliold; and fay to him; " What haft thou here ; and whom haft thou here, that thou haft hewn out here a fepulchre for thyfelf .? 0 thou who heweft out thy fepulchre on high, who graveft in the rock a habitation for thy- 17. felf! Behold, Jehoyah wiil caft thee out, cafting thee violently out, and will furely cover J 8. thee;' he will whirle thee round and round, and caft thee away as a ball [from a flin^], into a wide country. Thefe thou fhalt die j and there thy gioriou.s chariots fhall become the J 9. ihame of the hoyfe of thy lord: and I will drive thee from thy ftation ; and from thy ftate 20. I will overthrow thee. And in that day I will c^ll my fervant, even Eliakim the fon of Hil- ?i. kiah; and I will cloath him with thy robe; and with thy baldric I vvill ftrengthert him : and thy government I will commit to his hand ; and he fliall be a father to the inhabitants ©f 22, Jerufalem, and to the hoyfe of Judah ; and I will lay the key of the houfe of David upon his Ihoulder : and he fhall open, and none ftiall fhyt ; and he fhall fhut, and none fhall 93. open, And I will faften him as a nail in a fure place ; and he fhsill become a glorious feat f 4. for his father's hoyfe. And they fbaU hang upon him all the glory of his father's houfe, the offspring of high and of low degree ; every fmall veffel; from every fort of goblets to 25. every fort of meaner veffels. In that day,- faith Jehovah, God of Hofts, the nail once faftened in a fure place fhall be moved 5 and it ISAIAH. 4S it fhaU be hewn down, and it fliall fall ; and the burthen upon it fhall be ^ut ofi^; for Je hoyah hath fpoken it." SECTION XXI. J. TH^ ORACLE CONCERNING TYRE. CHAP, xxm. Howl, O ye fhips of Tarfliifli ! For the place is deftroyed, fo that no one goeth into i,t. Froni the land of Chittim the tidings are 2. brought to them. Be filent, O ye inhabitants^ of the ifland : the merchants of Sidon, they 3. who pafs over the fea, crowded thee. And the feed of the Nile, growing from abundant waters, the harveft of the river, was her re venue; and fhe became the mart of the na- 4. tions, Be afhamed, O Sidon ; for the fea hath fpoken,. even the mighty fortrefs of the fea, iaying ; *' I am, as if I had not beeri in laj. bour, nor brought forth children ; as if I had not nourifhed youths, nor educated vir- g. gins." When the tidings fhall reach the Egyptians, chey will be feized with grief for 6. Tyre, Pafs ye over to Tarfhifh ; howl, O ye 7. inhabitants of the ifland ! Is this your tri umphant city, whofe antiquity is of the earlieft date ? Her own feet bear her far away to fo- 8; journ. Who hath purpofed this againfl Tyre, who difpepfed crowns ? whofe merchants were princes ; \yhofe traders were nobles of the 9, land ? J?HoyA», God of Hofts, hath purpofed it ; to flain the pride of all beauty ; to make 10. contemptible all the nobles of the land. Cul tivate thy land ; for the fliips no longer come ?|. from Tarfhifli; and thy hand, which made kingdoms 44 ISA I A H, kingdoriis to tremble, no longer prevaileth upofj the fea. Jehovah hath ;iffued a command concerning Canaan, that they fliould deftroy J2. her ftrong places : And he hath faid ; Thoy fhalt not continue to triumph, O thou de, floured virgin, the daughter of Sidon I To Chittim arife, pafs over ; even there thou flialt 13. have no reft. Behold ithe land of the Chal deans ; this people was of no account : the Affyrian founded it fot the inhabitants of the defert; they raifed the, watch-towers, they fe{ up the palaces, thereof : this people hath re- 14. duced her tp a ruin. Howl, O ye fhips of Tarfliifh; for ¦ your ftrong-;hold' is deftroyed. 1 5. And in that, day Tyre fhall beforgotten feventy years, according to the days of one king : at the end. of feventy years Tyre, fhall fing, as J 6, the harlot fingeth. Take thy lyre, go abput the .city, O ,-harlot long forgotten ;. ftrike the lyre artfully.; multiply, the: fong,i that thou 17. mayeft again be reraernbered.- And at the , end of feventy; years Jehovah will take ac count of Tyre; and fhe: fliall- be-, reftored to her former ftate, and fhall.be a.mart.to all the 18. .kingdoms, of the world. And her traffic and her gain fhaU be holy, to Jehovah; it fKall not be treafured, nor fliall; it ^ be ftored : but her traffic fhaU be for them who. fhalldwell before Jehovah, for food fuflicjept and for- durable cloatbingii ¦ : SECTION XXII, CHAP. r. Behold, Jehovah emptieth the land, and "^^J^' maketh it wafte ; he even turneth it upfide- down, and fcattereth abroad the inhabitants;. And ISAIAH. 4^ 2. And if fliall be, as with the people, fo with the prieft; as with the fervant, -fo, with his mafter V as with the handmaid, fo with her - miftrefs ; as with the buyer, fo with the feller ; as with the borrower,' fo with the lender; .as with the ufurer, fo with the giver of ufury. 3. The land fhall be utterly emptied, and ut terly fpoiled ; for Jehovah hath fpoken this 4. word. The. land mourneth, it withereth ; the world languifheth, it withereth; the lofty 5. people of the land languifh. The land is even polluted under her inhabitants ; for they have tran%reffed • the law, they have changed the decree ; they have broken the everlafting 6. covenant. '¦ Therefore a curfe hath devoured the land ; becaufe they are guilty, who dwell in her. Therefore the inhabitants of the land are deftroyed, and the mortals are few, who 7. ,are left in her.- The fweet wine mourneth ; the vine languifheth ; all, who were glad of 8. heart, figh. -The joyful found of the tabour ceafeth; the. noife of exultation is no more; the 9. joyful found of the harp ceafeth. With fongs they fhall no longer drink wine; the palm-wine ftiall be bitter to thofe who drink 10. it.' The city is broken down ; it is defolate : every houfe is obftrudled, fo that no one can II. enter. There is a cry. in the ftreets for wine ; all gladnefs is paffed away ; the joy ofthe 12. whole land is banifhed. I^efolation is left in ^he city ; and with a great tumult the gate Is 13. battered down. Tea, thus it. fliall be in the very centre of the land, jn the midft of the pepple, as the fhalcing of the olive, as the gleaning, 14. when the vintage is finifhed. But thefe fhall lift up their voice, they fhall fing ; the waters fliall refound with the exaltation of Jehovah. ¦Wherefore 46 t S A i A M. V 15. Wherefore in the diftant Coafts glorify ye Je- hovah ; in the diftarit coafts of the fea the 16. name of Jehovah, the God of Ifrael. Fronj the uttermoft part of the land we haye heard . fongs, Glory to the righteous ! But I faid, AlaSi my wretchednefs, my wretchednefs I Wd is to me ! the plunderers plundei^ • yeajthe plufl- derers ftill continue their cruel depredations. 17. Thfe terror, the pit, and the fnares are upori 18. thee, O inhabitant of the land ; and every one who fleeth from the terror fhall fall intb the pit, and who efcapeth from the pit fhall be taken in the fnare: for the flood-gates on' high are opened, and the foundations of 19. the earth tremble. The land is grievoufly ftiaken ; the land is utterly fliattered to pieces j the land is violently moved out of her place j :o. the land reeleth to and fro, as a drunkard; and moveth this way and that, as a lodge for a night : for her iniquity lieth heavy upon her; and fhe fhall fall and not be able to rife again. at. Artd, in that day Jehoyah fhall fumniPri ori high the hoft which is on high ; and on earth , 22. the kings of the earth i and they fhall be ga^i thered together, as in a bundle;, for the pit 5 and ftiall be clofely imprifoned in the prifon : and after many days account fhall be taken of 23. them. And the moon fhall be Confounded^ and the fuP fhall be afhamed ; for Jehovahj, God of Hofts, fhall reign on the mountain of Sion and in Jerufalem ; and before his ancients he fhall be glorified; SECTION ISAIAH. 451. SECTION XXIIL 7. O Jehovah, tho,y art my God: I will ex- CHAP. alt thee; I will praife thy name: for thou XXV. haft effedled wonderful things ; purpofes of 2. old time, promifes immutably true. For thqu haft made the city a heap ; the ftrongly fortified citadel a ruin ; the palace of the proud ones, that it fhould ceafe to be a city ; that ic 3. fhould not be rebuilt for ever. Therefore the fierce people fhall glorify thee ; the city of the 4. formidable nations fhall fear thee : for thou haft been a defence to the poor ; a defence to the needy in his diftrefs; a refuge from the ftorm, a fhadow from the heat ; when the blaft of the formidable rageth as a winter- ftorm. / 5. As the heat in a parched land, the tumult of the proud thou wilt bring low ; as the heat by a thick cloud, the triupiph of the formidable 6. fliall be humbled. And Jehovah, God of Hofts, will make, for all the peoples on this mountain, a feaft of delicacies, a feaft of old wines ; of delicacies exquifitely rich, of old 7. wines perfedlly refined. And he will deftroy on this mountain the covering which covered the! face "of all the peoples, and the veil which was 8. fpred over all the nations. Death will be fwallowed up for ever, and Jehoyah will wipe' away the tear from all faces ; and the reproach of his people he will remove from the whole earth; 9. for JfiHov.iH hath fpoken it. In .hat day they ' will lay ; " Behold, this is our God ; we have truft-*- ed in him, and he hath faved us : this is Jeho vah ; we have trufted in'him; we will rejoice XO. and triumph in his falvation. For the- hand of Jehoyah will give reft upon this mountain 3 aqd 4^ i,S AIA H. and Moab fhall be thteflied in his plac!*, aS the ftraw is threflied under the whefels of the 1 i. car. And he fliall ftretch out his hands in the midft therebfj as a perfon finking ftretcheth out his hands to fwim; and God will bring down his pride with the fudden gripe of his 12. hands; And the bulwark of thy high walls he will lay low; he will bring them down to the ground ; he will lay them in the duft.'' PHAP. I. Jn that day thfs fong fhall lae fung : " Iri the ^^^^' land pf Judah we have a ftrong city ; falvation he fhall eftablifh for walls and bulwarks. 2. Open ye the gates, and let the righteous nadon 3. enter, conftant in the truths ftayed in mind; Thou flialt preferve them in perpetual peaqe, 4. bec-aulc they have trufted in thee. Truft yei"?! J-ekovah for ever; for in Jehovah is never- 5. failing protedllon. For he hath humbled thole who dwell on high ; the lofty city, he hath brought her down ; he hath levelled her with 6. the duft. The foot ftiall trample upon her ; the feet of the poor, the fteps of the needy. 7. The way ofthe righteous is perfedlly ftraight ; thou moft exadtly levelleft the path of xht S: righteous. Even in the way of thy laws, O Jehovah, we have placed our confidence in thy name; and in the remembrance of thee is 9. the defire of our foul. With my foul I have defired thee in the night ; yea, with my inmoft fpirit in the morning I have fought thee : for when -t-hy^judgments -are' In the earth the in- habitartts of the world learn righteoufnefs. 10. Although mercy be fhewed to the wicked/ yet he will not learn righteoufnefs. In the land of redlitude he vyill deal perverfely. ; and will not regard IS A 1 A h; m ir: regard the majefty of Jehovah. O Jehovah, although thy hand be lifted up, yet they -vvill not fee ; but they fhall fee, with confufion, thy zeal for thypeople ; yea, the fire fliall burn thy 12. adverfaries. O Jehovah, thou' wilt ordainibr iis peafce t for even all our great adtions 13,:' thou haft performed for Us. O Jehovah, our Godj take thou us for thy inheritance, We know no God befide thee ; arid we will repiem- 14, ber thy name. The dead Gods fhall not live ; the deceafed tyrants fhall not arife. For thou h^ft vifited, and deftroyed them ; and all me- 15. niorial of theni thou haft abolifhed. Thou haft added to the nation, O Jehovah; thou haft added to the nation ; thou art glorified- Thbu haft extended all the borders of the land, 16. O Jehovah, in afflidtioh we fought thte ; by a moderate afflidlion thou didft difciplirie us ! 1 7. As a woman, who hath conceived, when her delivery approacheth, is in anguifh, cryeth out aloud in her labour ; thus we have been before 18. thee, O Jehovah. We have conceived; we have been in anguifh ; we have, as it were, brought forth, wind. Save thou us, left we perifh; and left the inhabitants ofthe world 19. fall. Thy dead men fhall live ^ their dead bodies fliall arife : let them av/ake and fing, who dwell in the duft ! Foi' thy dew is as the dew of the dawn ; but the earth fhall caft forth, as an abortion^ the deceafed tyrants." 20. Conie, O iny people ; retire into j/our fecret apartments^ artd fhut your doPr aftlr you : hiide yourfelves for a flrort time, for a moment, till the indignation of Jehoyah be paffed .a-way. 2ii For behold, JeHovaH iffueth forth froni his place to pvlnifh for their iniquity the inhabitants D eiP 50 ISAIAH. of the earth ; and the earth fliall difclofe the blood which is upon her, and fhall no longer cover her flain. CHAP. I, In that day Jehoyah will punifh with his XXVII. fword, his well-tempered, and great, and ftrong fword. Leviathan the rigid ferpent, and Le viathan the winding ferpent ; and will flay the monfter which is in the fea. a. In that day fing ye a refponfive foijg con cerning tbe beloved vineyard. (Jehovah.) J. I, Jehovah, am' her preferver; every mo ment I will water ber, and will take care of her ; by night and by day I will keep guard over her. (Vineyard.) ¦4; I have no wall for my protedlion : Gh that I had a fence of the thorn and brier F (Jehoyah.) I would march againft them in battle; I ^ 5, would burn them together. Ah 1 let her ra. ther take hold of my protedlion. (Vineyard,) Let him make peace with me J Peace let him make with me ! (Jehovah,) 6. They who eome from the root of Jacob fliall flourifli, Iftael fliall bud forth ; and they fliall fill the face of the world with fruit. As ISAIAH. 51 7. As he fmote, fhall he not be fmitten ; and 8. as he flew, fhall he not be flain ? According to the meafure with which he meafured, it fliall be meafured to him ; becaufe he cruelly me* 9. ditated of deftrudtion. Wherefore on this condition the iniquity of Jacob fhall be par doned, and he fliall obtain the whole benefit of the removal of his fin, if he fhall make all the ftones" of the altar as the lime-ftones fcat tered abroad, and if the images of Aftartc 10. and the folar ftatues rife no more. But the ftrongly fortified city fhall be defolate ; a ha bitation forfaken, and deferted as a wildernefs. There the bullock fhall feed ; and there th6 ,11. flocks fhall lie down. When the harveft fhall be dry," it (ball be deftroyed ; women coming and fetting it on fire. For it is a people void of underftanding ; and therefore he who made them fhall not have pity on them ; and he who formed them fhall fhew them no favour. 12. And in that day Jehovah fhall make a ga» thering of his fruit from the flood of the river to the ftream of Egypt ; and ye fhall be gleaned up, one by one, O ye fons of Ifrael. i^. And in that day a great trumpet fhall be founded ; and they fhall come who were perifh- ing in the land of Affyria, and who v;ere dif perfed in the land of Egypt : and they fhall bow themfelves down before Jehovah upon the holy mountain, even in Jerufalem, X) 2 SECTION 53 ISAIAH. SECTION XXIV. CHAP. I. VVo to the, proud crown of the 4runkards XXVlir. of Ephraim, and to the fading flower of their 2. glorious beauty ! Behold, the mighty one, the exceedingly ftrong one ! As a ftorm of hail, as a dcftrudlive tempeft ; as a rapid . flood of mighty waters overflowing ; he fhall dafh them 3. to the ground with his hand. They fhall be trodden under foot, the proud crowns of the 4, drunkards of EpHraim : and the fading flower of. their glorious beauty, which is at the head of the rich valley, fhall be as the early fruit before the fummer ; which a perfon plucketh as foon as he feeth it, and it is no fooner in his hand than he fwalloweth it. gj In that day Jehovah, God of Hofts, fhall become a beauteous crown, and a glorious 6. diadem, to the remnant of his people : and a fpirit of judgment to thofe who fit in judg^ ment; and ftrength ^0 thofe who repel the war 7. to the gate [of the enemy]. But even thefe have erred through wine, and. through ftrong, drink they have reeled ; the prieft and the, prophet have /erred through ftrong drink;. they are overwhelmed with wine;. they have reeled through ftrong drink ; they have erred in vifion,' they have ftumbled in advifing. 8. For all their tables are full of vomit, and filthinefs ; and they have no place cleah.' 9. " Whom, [fay they,] would he teach know lege ; and to whom would he impart in ftrudlion ? To fuch as are weaned fronl;.;the 10; milk, as are kept back- frcm the breafti? For it is command upon coriimand ; command, upon com ISAIAH. 13 .command: line upon line, line upon line : ^ J I. little here, and a little there." Yea verily with foreign lips and ftrange tongues I will fpeak to this people ; and e,ven then they will 12. not hear me, faith Jehovah. For when I faid to them ; This is the true reft ; give ye reft to the weary ; and this is the refrefhment ; they 1 3, would not hear. Therefore the word of Jet hovah fliall be indeed to them command upon command, command upon command; line upon line, line upon line ; a little here, and a little there ; that they rtiay go on, and fall backward ; .3nd be broken, and inihared, and caught. 14. Wherefore hear the word of Jehovah, ye fcoffers ; ye of this people in Jerufalem, who J 5. utter fententious fpeeches: who fay, " We have entered into a covenant with death ; and , with the grave we have made a treaty : the over flowing plague, when it fliall pal's through, fhall not reach us, for we have made falfhood our refuge, and under deceit we have hidden f.6. ourfelves." Therefore thus faith Jehovah; Behold, I lay in Sion for a foundation a ftone, an approved ftone; a corner-ftone, precious, immovably fixed ; [and a ftone of ftumbling, and a rock of offence :] and he who believeth 17, on him fhall npt be confounded. And I will mete out judgment by the rule ; and ftridt juftice by tbe plummet : and the hail fhall fweep away the refuge of falfhood ; and the is. hiding-place the waters fhall overwhelm. And your covenant with death fhall be broken ; and your treaty with the grave fhall not ftand. When the overflowing plague fhall pafs through, 19. by it ye fhall be beaten down. As foon as it fhall pafs through, it fliall feize you ; yea, mornr D 3 ing 54 ISAIAH. ing after morning it fhall pafs through, by day and by night ; and even the report alone fhall S.O. caufe terror. For the bed will be too ftiort for one to ftretch himfelf out at length ; and the covering, too narrow for one to gather him- 21. felf up under it. For as in mount Perafim Jehovah will arife; as in the valley of Gi beon he will be moved with anger ; that he may execute his work, his ftrange work ; and effedt his operation, his unufual operation. a.2. And now give yourfelves up to fcoffing no more, left your chaftifements becoriie more fevere. For a full and decifive decree I have* heard from Jehovah, God of Hofts, which he will execute upon the whole land. 23i Liften ye, and hear my voice ,; attend ye, and 24. hearken to my words. Doth the hufbandman plough every day that he may fow, opening S5. and breaking the clods of his field ? When he hath made even the face thereof; doth he not then fcatter the dill, and caft abroad the cummin, and fow the wheat, and the barley, and the millet, and the rice in theirproper 26. places. For his God rightly inftrudleth himi 27. and furnifheth him with knowlege. The dill is not beaten out with the corn-drag ; nor is the wheel cf the wain made to turn upon the cummin : but the dill is beaten out with 28. the ftaff; and the cummin with the flail ; and the bread-corn with the threfhing-wain. But not for ever will he continue thus to threfli it ; nor to vex it with the wheel of his wain ; nor to bruife it with the hoofs of his cattle. 39. This alfo proceedeth from Jehoyah, God of Hofts ; who fheweth himfelf wonderful in counfel, great in operation, SECTION ISAIAH. SS. SECTION XXV, CHAP I, Wo to Ariel, to Ariel, the city which xxiX.* David befieged 1 Add year to year ; let the 2. feafts go round in their courfe: yet I wiil bring diftrefs upon Ariel ; and fhe fhall have 3, forrow and mourning. Yea, L will" encamp ^ againft thee, as David did ; and I will lay .fiege agairift thee with a mound ; and I wiil 4. eredl towers againft thee. And thou flialt be brought low; thou fhalt fpeak as fr'om the earth ; and from the duft thou fhalt utter a feeble fpeech ; and thy voice, as the voice of a ventriloquift, fhall come out of the ground ; and thy words from the duft fliall give a fmall 5. fhrill found. But the multitude of the proud fhall be as the fmall duft ; and as the flitting chaff the piultitude ofthe terrible: yea, in 6. an inftant, fuddenly, from Jehoyah, God of Hofts, they fhall be vifited with thunder, and earthquake, and a loud voice ; with ftorm and 7. tempeft, and flame of devouring fire. And as a dream, a vifion of the night ; fo it fhall be with the multitude of all the nations, which fight againft Ariel ;' and all their armies, and their towers, i and thofe who diftrefs her. 8. As when a hungry man dreameth ; and lo ! he feemeth to eat ; but he awaketh, and his appetite is ftill unfarisfied : and as a thirfty man dreameth ; and lo ! he feemeth to drink ; but he awaketh, and he is ftill fainting, and his appetite ftill craving : fo it fhall be with the multitude of all the nations, which fet themfelves in array againft the mountain of Sion, . D 4 SECTION %$ ISAIAH. SEC TIO N XXVI. 9. Delay and wonder ; indulge yourfelves- in pleafure, and cry fpr help ; ye who are drunk, but not through wine ; ye who ftagger, but 10. not through ftropg drink. For Jehoyah hath caufed thteto imbibe a fpirit of fleep ; and he hath clofed your eyes. And the prophets, and the rulers, who are the feers, he hath blindfolded. II. So that all the vifion is to you as the words of a book fealed : and if one deliver it to a man who knp'weth letters, faying, " Read this, I pray thee ;" he anfwereth, >' I cannot read.it, 12. for it ivS fealed:" or if one give a book to another, who knoweth not letters, faying^ " Read this, I pray thee ;'¦ he anfwereth 13. " I know not letters." Wherefore Jehovah hath faid; This peopl© draweth near to me with their mouth, and honourelh me with their lipsj while their heart is far from me : and in vain they worfliip me, teaching for dodlrines 14. the commandments of men. Therefore be hold, I will again cayife this people to go into, captivity ; yea, I will furely caufe them to go into captivity : and, I will deftroy the wifdom of the wife, and will bring to nothing the underftanding of the prudent. '- 15. Wo to thofe who endeavour to hide from Jehovah their purpofes ,¦ whofe works are in the dark; and \^ ho fay, « W ho feeth us, and |6. who knoweth us, or oUr works ?" Behold, ye are efteemed as the clay of the potter. Shall the work fay to the workman, " Thou haft n°F F^^? ^^-'"- 9^ -P^all the thing formed ^ ' I^y ISAIAH. sy fay to the former ofit, f^ Thou haft no under- 17. ftanding ?" In a fhort tinae fhall not Lebanon be as Carmel ; and Canrjel be efteemed as a i 8., city ? Then the deaf fhaU hear the words of the bpok : and the eyes of the blind, covered before with clouds and darknefs, fhall fee. .19. The ppor ftiall increafe their joy in Jehqvah ; and the lo'w-eft of mankipd fhall exult in the 20. Holy One of Ifrs^el. For the terrible will have failed, the fcoffer will have perifhed, and all who were vigilant in iniquity will ,have been 21. exterminated ; who drew men into fin By their words ; and laid fnares fpr him -who pleaded in the gate ; and by falfhopd over-reached the 22. righteous. Therefore thus faith Jehovah, the God pf the hoyfe of Jacob, he vsrho redeemed Abraham : Jacob fhall not now be afhamed ; his face fhall not now be covered with cpnfufion : 23. for when his children fhall fee the works of my hapds, among themfelves they wiU fandlify my name ; they wiil fandlify the Holy One of 24. Jacob, and reverence the God pf Ifrael. Thpfe who were led , away by a , fpirit of error fhall -gain knowlege ; and the malignant fhaill at tend to inftrudlion. SECTION XXVII. • Wo to the rebellious children, fajth Jeho- chAP. VAH; who form purpofes, but not from me; XXX. who ratify covenants^ but npt by my fpirit ; tli^t they may add fip to fin : who fet forward to go down to Egypt ; .but..have, not inquired . at my mouth ; to , ftrengthen themfelves with the ftrength of Pharaoh ; and to truft jn the ftiadaw of Egypt. But the ftrength of Pha- ^ raoh 5? I S A I A H. raoh fhall be your fhame; and your truft in 4, the fhadow of Egypt your confufion. Their 5. princes yvere at Tanis j and their ambaffadors arrived at Hanes. 'Ihey were all afhamed of a people, who profited them not ; who were of no help, and of no profit ; but were even a 6. fliame and a reproach to them. The burthen of the beafts travelling fouthward through a land of diftrefs and difficulty ; whence come forth the lionefs and the fierce lion, the viper .and tbe flying fiery ferpent ; they carry on the - flioulder ofthe young cattle their -wealth ; and on the bunch of the camel their treafures ; to 7. a people who will jiot profit them. For Egypt is a mere vapour ; and in vain they will help : wherefore I have called her, Rahab the jnadt-ive. 8. Go now therefore, write it before them on a tablet, and record it in a book ; that if may be for future times, for a teftimony for ever; . 9. That this is a rebellious people, lying chil dren J children, who choofe not to hear the 10. law of Jehovah ; who fay to the feers, " See not ;" and to the prophets, *' Prophecy not fight things : fpeak to us fmooth things, II. prophecy deceits. Turn afide from the way ^ decline from the ftraight path; remove from our 12. fight the Holy One of Ifrael." Wherefore thus faitli Jeho VA h, the Holy One of Ifrael ; Becaufe ye have rejedted this word, and have trufted in obliquity and perverfion ; and have "leaned 13. intirely upon it ;¦ therefore this offence fhall be to you as a breach threatening ruin; a fwelling in a high wall; whofe deftrudtion 14. cometh fuddenly, in an inftant. It fhall be deftroyed, as when one breaketh a potter's veffel ; ISAIAH. 59 veffel: he daflieth i^, to pieces, and fpareth it not ; fo that a fherd is not found among it's fragments, to take up fire from the hearth, or to dip up water from the ciftern. 15. Verily thus hath Jehovah, the Holy One- of Ifrael, faid ; By repentance and by contrition ye fhall be faved ; in filence, and in pious confidence fhall be your ftrength; but -ye j6. would not hearken : and ye f^id ; " Nay, but on horfes we will flee ;" therefore ye fhali be put to flight : " and on fwift courfers we will fide ;" therefore they fhall be fwift who- pur^ 17. fue you. One thoufand at the rebuke of one ; at the rebuke of five, ten thoufands of you ftiall flee ; till ye be left as a ftandard upon the fummit of a mountain ; apd as a beacon 18. upon'a high hill. -Neverthelefs Jehovah will* wait to fhew favour to you ; yea, he will ex pedl in filence that he may haYe mercy upon you': for Jehovah is a God . of judgment ; 19. happy are all they who truft in him. When a holy people fhall dwell in Sion; when in Jerufalem thou fhalt implore him with weep ing ; at the voice of thy cry he will be abun dantly gracious to thee ; as foon as he fhall hear 20. he will anfwer thee. Although Jehovah hath given you bread of diftrefs, and water of af flidlion ; yet the timely rain fhall no longer be reftrained, but thy eyes fhall behold the timely 21. rain : and thy ears fhall hear the word pi"ompting thee behind, faying ; " This is the way ; walk ye in it ; turn not afide to the 22.^ right or- to the left." And ye fhafl treat as defiled the cpvering of your idols of filver; and the cloathing of your molten images of gold: thou Ihalt caft them away as a polluted 'garment j §0 ISAIAH. garment ; thou flialt fay to thern, '' Be gone 23. from me." And he will give rain for thy feed, with which thou fhalt fow thy ground ; and bread of the produce of the. ground; and it fhall be abundant and plenteous. Then thy 24. cattle fliall feed in large pafture; and the oxen and the young affes, which till the ground, fhall eat well-fermented maflin, winnowed with 25. the fhovel and the fan. And on every lofty mountain, and on every high hiU, fhall be dif parting rills and ftreams of water, in the day of the great flaughter, when the mighty fhall 26. fall. And the light of the moon IhaU be as the light of the meridian fun ; and the light of the meridian fun fhall be fevenfold ; in the day when Jehovah fhall bind up the breach of his people ; and fhall heal the -wound nnad? by his ftroke. 27. Lo ! the name of Jehovah cometh from afar ; his anger burneth, and the- flame rageth violently : his lips ar* filled with irtdignatipri; 28. and his tongue is as a confuming fire. His fpirit is as an overflowing torrent ; it fhaU reach to the middle of the neck. He cometh to fift the nations with the fieye of vanity : and there fhall be a bridle, to lead them aftray, in 29. the jaws of the peoples. Ye fhall utter a fong, as in the night when a feaft is folemnly proclaimed ; with joy of heart, as when one marcheth to the found of the pipe; to go to the mountain of Jehovah, to the rock of 30. Ifrael. And Jehovah fhall caufe his glorious voice to be heard, and the lighting down pf , his arm to be feen ; with indignant anger, and a flame of confuming fire; with a' violent ftorm, and rufliing fliowers, and hail-flones. By ISAI A H. 6i 31. By the voice of Jehovah the Aflyrian fhall be beaten down ; he, who -was ready to fmite J2. with his ftaff. And wherever fhall pafs the rod of corredlion, which Jehovah fhall lay hea-vily upon him, it fhall be accompanied with tabrets and harps ; and with fierce battks 53. he fhall fight againft him. For Tophet is ordained of old ; even the fame for the king is prepared. It is made deep and large ; ja. fiery pyre, and abundance of fuel ; and the breath of JehoVah, as a ftream . of fulphur, fliall kindle it. ' I. Wo tP them who go down to Egypt for CHAP. help ; who truft in horfes for their fupport; who -^^XI* Confide in chariots, becaufe they are many ; and in horfemen, becaufe they are very ftrong : and who .look not to the Holy. One of Ifrael ; 2. and of Jehovah afk not counfel. He in his wifdom will bring evil upon them, and will not fet afide his word : but he will rife againft the houfe of the wicked ; and againft the ¦3. helpers of thofe who vrork iniquity. The Egyptian is man, and not God ; artd their horfes are flefh, and not fpirit : and Jehovah will ftretch forth- his. hand ; and the helper fliall fall, and the holpen fhall be overthrown ; 4. and together they fhall be all deftroyed. For thus hath Jehovah faid to me ; " As the lion growleth, evert the young lion, .over his prey.j although tpe whole company of fhepherds be called together againft him : at their voice he will not be terrified ; and at their tumult he will not be humbled : fo will Jehovah, God of Hofts, defcend to fight for the mountain 5. of Sion, and- for his own hill. As birds hoveri.ng over their young ; fo will -Jehovah, God 62 ISAIAH.' God of Hofts, protedl Jerufalem ; proteding, , and delivering : leaping forward, and refcu ing her." 6. Return to him from whom ye have fo deeply 7. engaged in revolt, O ye fons of Ifrael ! Verily, in that day they fhall caft away with cOntempt, every man his idols of filver and his idols of 8. gold, which their own hands have made.!' And the Affyrian fliall fall by the fword not of a man ; yea, the fword not of a mortal fhall devour him: and he fliall flee when no- one fhall purfue ; and the courage of his chofen 9. men fhall fail. , And throtJgh terror he fliall pafs beyond his ftrong-hpld ; - and his princes fhall be ftruck with confternation at his flight. Thus faith Jehovah, who hath his fire in Sion ; and his furnace in Jerufalem. SECTION XXVJII. yY\u' ^' Be«old, a king fhali reign in righteouf- 2. nefs ; and rulers fhall rule .with equity : and the man fhall be as a covert from the ftorm, and a refuge frortti the flood; as canals of water in a dry place ; as the fhadow of a great 3. rock in a land fainting with heat. And the eyes of thofe who fee fhall not turn afide ; and 4. t^e ears of thofb who hear fhall hearken. The heart of the ignorant fhaU underftand know lege ; and the tongue of the barbarians fhall 5. ' fpeak peace. The wicked man fliall no longer be called generous ; nor the prodigal be called -6'. liberal: for the wicked man will ftill utter wickednefs ; a,nd his heart will devife iniquity ; pradlifing hypocrify, and peaking wrongfully againft ISAIAH. 6j Rgaihft Jehovah; to exhauft the foul ofthe hungry, and to deprive the thirfty of drink- 7. As to the prodigal, his inftruments are evii : he plotteth mifchievous devices ; to entangle the humble by lying words ; and to defeat the 8. affertions of the poPr in judgment: but the, genefou's will devife generous things ; and he by his _generous purpofes fhall be eftablifhed. 9. O ye women, who fit at eafe, arife, hear my voice ! O ye daughters, who dwell in fecurity, 10. give ear to my fpeech ! Years upon years ye fliall be difquieted, O ye carelefs women; for the vintage faileth, the feed-time ceafeth ; and II., they will not foon return. Trenible, O ye who ' are at eafe ; be difquieted, O ye carelefs ones ! Put off your cloaths, make yourfelves naked; 12. and gird fackcloth upon your loins. Smite upon ¦ ypur breafts for the pleafant field, and the fruit- 1 3. ful vine. Over the land of my pepple the thorn and the brier fhall come up ; yea, over all the 14. joyous houfes ofthe exulting city. For the tem ple fhall be deftroyed,the populous city deferted: .Ophel and the watch-tower fhall for a long time be dens ; a joy of wild afles, a pafture for the 15. flocks : until the fpirit from above fhall come upon you; and the wildernefs fliall become Carmel ; and Carmel fhall be efteemed a city; i^. and judgripent fhall dwell in rhe ¦ wildernefs ; 17. and in Carmel fhall refide righteoufnefs. Then the work of righteoufnefs fliall be peace ^ and the effedt of righteoufnefs perpetual tranquility 18. and fecurity; and my people fliall dwell in a peaceful manfion, and in habitations fecure, 19. and in refting-places undifturbed : yea, the hail, if it fall, fhall not come upon you ; and the dwellers in the woods fhall be as fecure as the dwellers 64 I S A I A h; 20. dwellers in the plaiP. Happy wifl ye be^ when ye fow your feed in every well-watered place j fending forth the foot of the ox and tRe- afs. SECTION XXIX* CHAP. , I. Wo to thee, thou fpoiler, who haft not beeri XXXIII. fpoiled; and thou plunderer, who haft nPt been plundered: When thoti fhalt ceafe to- fpoil, thou 'fhalt be fpoiled ; when thou fhalt be weary of plundering, they fhall plunder thee. 2. O jEHOYArt, have mercy uppn us ; we havd trufted in thee; be thou our ftrength 1 every morning, and our falvation in the time - of diftrefs. 3. From thy terrible voice the peoples fled; when thou raifedft thyfelf up, the natioPs werfe 4. difperfed. But your fpoil fhaU be gathered, as the locuft gathereth ; as the caterpillar runneth to and froj fo fliall they run, and feize it. ^. - JEHOYAH is exalted; yea, he dwelleth ort high: he hath filled Sion with judgment and 6. juftice: and wifdom arid knowlege " fhall be : the ftabllity of thy time, the poffeffion of con^ tinued falvation ; ' the fear of Jehovah fhall be thy treafure. 7. Behold, the mighty nneP raiffe a grievOUS cry; :the' meffengers of peace wetp bitterly. 8. The high-ways are defolate; the traveller "^afeth. - -He hath broken- the treaty j he hath ttje&t(X I S A I A tl. Ss rejedted the offered cities ; of men he maketh 9, no account. The land nlournethi itlanguifli- eth; Lebanon is put to fhame, it withereth; Sharon is become as a defert ; and Bafhart and Carmel are ftripped of their beauty. 10. Now will I arife, faith JehoYaH ; rto-w^ will I lift up myfelf on high; now will I be ex- II. alted. Ye ihall conceive chaff; ye fliallbring forth ftubble ; and my fpirit, as fire, fhali 12. confume you ; arid the peoples fliall be burned, as the lime is burned ; as thorns are cut up, 13. and confurined in the fire. Hear, O ye whd are afar off, riny doings ; and acknowlege, O 1 4. ye who are near, my power. The finners in _j Sion are ftruck with dread ; terror hath feized the hypocrites : Who among us fliall dwell with the confuming fire ? Who among us fhall 15. dwell with the continued burnings ? He who walketh in righteoufnefs, and fpeaketh' right things ; who detefteth the lucre of opprpffion ; who fhaketh his hands from bribery ; who ftoppeth his ears that he may not hear the condemnation of innocent blood ; who fhutteth I'6. his eyes that he may not fee wickednefs. He fhall dwell on high ; the ftrong- holds of the ' rocks fhall be his lofty fortrefs : his bread fhall be duly furnifhed: his waters fliall not fail. 17. Thy eyes fhall fee the king in his beauty ; 18. they fhall fee thy own land far-extended. Thy heart fhall refledl on the paft terror : Where is now the accomptant ? Where the weigher of Ig. tribute ? Where is he who numbered the towers? Thou fhalt fefe no more that barbarian people;. the people of a deep fpeech, which thou couldft- not hear; and of a barbarian tongiie, which thou couldft not underftand. E Thotf 65. ISAIAH. 2.0. Thou flialt fee Sion, the city of our foJeran feafts ; thy eyes fliall behold. Jerufalem, the quiet habitation, the tabernacle unfhaken : whofe ftakes fliall not be plucked up for;ever, and none of whofe cords fliall be, broken* 21. But the glorious name of Jehovah fliall be to us a place of confluent flreams, of broad rivers ; which no oared ftiip fhall pafs* nor 22. fhall any mighty veffel go through : for Jeho vah is our judge; Jehovah is our law- giver; Jehovah is our king ; he flaall fave us. 23. Their cords will be fo Joofe that they wiU not be able to make them faft : their maft will incline fo much that they will not be able to fpread the enfign. Then fliall a copious fpo^ be divided; even the lame fhall, feize the 24. prey : nor fhall the inhabitant fay, " I am difabled by ficknefs ;", for the iniquity of the people fhall be pardoned. CHAP. XXXIV. SECTION XXX. I. Draw near,, ye nations,, and hearken; and attend to me, ye peoples I Let the earth hear, and the fulnefs tliereof; the worlds and all 2, things which fpring. from it. For the anger of Jehovah is kindled againft all the nations; and his indignation againft ali the orders thereof : he hath devoted them ;. he hath given 3. them up to flaughter : and their flain fhall be . caft out;, and fi-om their carcaffes their ftink fhall afcend ; and the mPuntains fhall be dif- 4. folved by their blood. And all the hoft of heaven fhall wafte away ; and the heavens fliall . be rolled up as afcroU : and all their hoft fhall witlier i' i S A I A H; 67 . Wither; as the withered leaf falld'th from the vine ; and as the blighted fruit from the fig- 5. tree. For my fword is made bare in the heavens : behold, on Edom it fhall defcend ; and on the people juftly by me devoted to de- ,6. ftrudlion. The fword of Jehovah is glutted with blood ; it is pampered with fat : with the blood of lambs and goats ; with the fat of the ' V reins of rams : for Jehovah celebrateth a fa crifice in Bofrah, and a great flaughter in the 7. land of Edom. And the wild goats fliall fall down with them ; and the bullocks together with the bulls; and the land fliaU be drunk with their blood, and the duft fliall be enriched 8. wifh their fat. For it is the day of vengeance t-o Jehovah ; the year of recompence to the 9. the defender of the caufe of Sion. And her torrents fhall be turned into pitch, and her duft into fulphur : and her -whole land fhall 10,. become burning pitch ; by night or by day it fhall not be extlnguiflied ; her fmoke fhall afcend for ever. From generation to genera tion fhe fliall lie defert ; to everlafting ages II. no-one fhall pafs through her : but the, pelican and the- porcupine fliall inherit her; and the- owl and the raven fhall inhabit there. And he fliall ftretch over her the line of devafta tion, arid the plummet of emptinefs over her 12. fcorched plains. Th?y fhall no more boaft the renown of the kingdom ; arid all her 13. princes fhall utterly fail. And in her palaces fhall fpring *up thorns; the nettle and thfe bramble in her fortreffes : and ftie fliall be come a habitation Tor dragons, a court for the 14. daughters of the pftrich : and the jackalls and the mountain-cats fhall meet one another; and the goat fhall call to his fellow. There E 2 alfo 63 IS AIAH. alfo the fcreech-owl fhali caufe to return, and 15. fliall find for herfelf, a place of reft. There the Pight- raven fhall niake her heft, and lay her eggs; and ftie fliall hatch them, and gather her young under her fhadow. There alfo the vultures fhall be gathered together; 16. everyone of them fliall. join .her mate. Con fult ye the book of Jehovah, and read; not one of thefe Ihali be mifled ; not a fe male fhall be without her mate : for the mouth of Jehovah hath given the command; 17. and his fpirit hath gathered them : and he hath caft the lot for them ; and his hand hath- meted out their portion by the line. They fhall poffefs the land for a perpetual inherit ance ; from generation to genel-ation they fhall dwell, therein. CHAP. J, Let: the thirfty wildernefs be glad ; and let ^' the defert rejoice, and flourifh as the rofe. 2. Let the bank of the Jordan flourifh and re joice ; for the glory of Lebanon fhall be given to it, the, beauty of Carn^el and of Sharon ; and my people fhall fee the glory of Tehoyah, 3. and the majefty of God. Be ftrengthened, ye feeble hands; be confirmed, ye tottering 4. knees. Be ftrong, ye faint-hearted ; fear not; behold, your God ! Vengeance wiU come, the retribution of God : he himfelf wili come, 5. and win fave you. Then the eyes of the blind fhall be unclofed ; apd the ears of the 6, deaf fhall be opened : then the lame fliall bound, as the hart ; and the tongue of the dumb, fliall fing: for in the wildernefs fliaU burft forth -waters, and torrents in the defert; 7. and the glowing/and fhall become a pool, and Uic thirfty foil bubbling fprings ;, and in the ha^unt 1 S A I A H. 69 haunt where dragons lie, there fhall be grafs S. inftead of the reed and the_ bulrufh. And a high-way fhall be there; 'and it fliall be called the way of holinefs : no unclean perfon fhall pafs through it ; but it fliall never be without paffengers, and • the foolifh fhall not 9. err in it. No, lion fhall be there, nor fliall any ravenous beaft come up thither, or be found there ; but the redeemed fhall walk in la it. Yea^ the ranfomed by Jehovah fhafl re turn ; they fhall come to Sion with triumph :. and perpetual gladnefs fhall crown their heads. Joy and gladnefs they fhall obtain ; and for row and fighing fhall flee away. SECTION XXXL I, In the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah, ^}^^^' Senacherib king of Affyria came up againft ^^^ ' the fenced cities of Judah, and took them ; 2. and the king of Affyria fent Rabfhakeh, from Lachifh to Jerufalem, to the king Hezekiah, with a great body of forces ; and he prefented himfelf at the conduit of the upper pool, in the high-way which le'ads to the fuller's field. 3. Then came out to him Eliakim, the fon of Hilkiah, who was over the houfhold, and Shebna the fcribe, and Joah the fon of Afaph, 4. the recorder : and Rabfhakeh faid to them ; " Say ye to Hezekiah ; Thus faith thg great king, the king of Affyria: What isthjsgropnd 5. of confidence, in which thou confideft ? Thou haft faid, (but they are vain words,) I have wifdom and -rftrength fufficiept for the war. Now in whom confideft thou, that thou re- 6. belleft againft me ? Thou certainly confideft E 3 in 70 I S A I A H, in the fupport of this broken reed, in Egypt • pn which if a man lean it will pierce his hand,^ and go through it : fuch is Pharaph king of 7. Egypt to all who confide in him. But if ye fay to me ; we confide in Jehovah our God ; is he not the fame, whofe altars Hezekiah ' hath removed ; and hath commanded Judah and Jerufalem to worfliip only before this altar .? 8. Enter now, I pray thee, into an engagement with my lord the king of Affyria ; and I will give thee two thoufand horfes on condition that 9. thou canft provide riders for them^ How then wilt thou turn back any one commander, among the leaft of my lord's fervants ad-^ . vancino; againft thee ? And trufteft thou, that Egypt will fupply thee with chariots and liorfe- jo. men? And am I now come up without Je hovah againft this land to deftroy it ? Jeho vah hath faid to me. Go thou up againft this land, and deftroy it." ' ' II. Then faid Eliakipi, and Shebna, and Jpah to Rabftiakeh ; " Speak, we befeech thee, to thy fervants in the Syrian language, for we underftand it; and fpeak not to' us in the Jewifh language, in the hearing of the peo- 12. pie, who are upori the wall." And Rabfhakeh faid, " Hath my lord fent me to your lord 'and , to you to fpeak thefe wprds, and not to the men who fit on the wall, deftined to eat their own ^ung, and to drink their own urine, to- 13. gether with you ?" Then Rabfliakeh ftood and cried with a loud voice in the Jewifh lan guage; and faid: *^ Hear ye the words of the 14. great king, the king pf Affyria. Thus faith the king ; Let ndt Hezekiah deceive you ; for 15. he will not be able to deliver you, And let not ISAIAH. 71 •not Hezekiah perfuade you to truft in Jeho vah ; faying, Jehovah will certainly deliver us ; this city fhall not be given up into the 1 6. hand of the king of Affyria. Hearken not to Hezekiah j for thus faith the king of Affyria : Make peace with me, and come out to me .; and eat ye every one of his own vine ; and every one of his own fig-tree ; and drink ye 17.. e-vfery one the waters of his own ciftern: till I corae and take you to a land like your own land; a land of corn and of wine, a land iS. of bread and vineyards- Nor let Hezelciah feduce you, faying ; Jehovah will deliver us. Have the gods of the nations delivered each his own land from the hand of the king of 19. Affyria? Where are the gods of Hamath, and of Ai-phad f Where are -the g;ods of Sephar vaim ? Have they delivered Samaria out of 20, my hand ? Who among all the gods of thefe lands have delivered their owp lands out of my hand ; that Jehovah fhould deliver out of ^i. iny hand Jerusalem ?" But the people were filent, and anfwered him not a wPrd ; for tiiQ king's command was, " Anfwer ye him not." , <¦ ¦ • . ^ '¦ . 22, Then can^e Eliakim, tbe fon of Hilkiah, who was over the houfhold, and Shebna the fcribe, and Joah, the fon of Afaph, the re corder, to Hezekiah, with their cloaths rent, and reported to him the words of RabiPiakeh- I. And when king Hezekiah heard it, he rent his J^^f;^ cloaths, and covered himfelf with fackcloth, ¦Qi. and went into the houfe of Jehovah : and he fent Eliakim, who was over the houfliold, and Shebna the fcribe, and the elders of the priefts, covered with fackcloth, • to Ifaiah, the 3. fon of Amos, the prophet;- and they faid to E 4 him; xx-xvii. ,72 ISAIAH. hiiTi: "Thus faith Hezekiah; This is a day pf diftrefs, apd of rebuke, and of contumely ; for the children are come to the birth, and 4. there is not ftrength tp bring fbrth. ^O that Jehoyah thy God would hear the -words of Rabfliakeh, whom his lord the king of Affyria hath fent to reproach the living God ! and that he would refute the wo^ds, which Jeho vah thy Gpd hath heard ! And offer thou thy 5. prayer for thofe who remain. And the fer vants of king Hezekiah came to Ifaiah ; and f. Ifaiah faid to them : " Thus ye fliall fay to your lord; Thus faith Jehoyah, Be not afraid, ' becaufe of the words which thou haft heard, :^ with which the fervants of the king of Affyria . 7. have bUfphemed me. Behold, I will fend a wind againft him ; and he fhaU hear a rumour, and fhall return to his own land ; and I will caufe him to fall by tlie fword in his own W" ' ' '^ ' ' ?. But Rabfhakeh returned, and found the king pf Affyria befieging Libnah ; for he had hearcl that he had decamped from Lachifh : 9. and when Senacherib had received advice con- ' Cerning Tirhakaly king of -Cufh, that he was adyancipg to give hipi battle ; he fent meffen- ip. gers again to Hezekiah, faying; ?* Thus ye fhall fay to Hezekiah king pf Judah : Let not thy Gpd, in whpm tlipu confideft, deceive thee, by affuring thee, that Jerufalem fh^ not be given up into the hand of the king of ^ }. Affyria. Thou haft certainly heard what the kings of Affyria have done to all the lands :}vhich they have uttei-ly deftroyed; and fhalt 1 2. thou be delivered ? Have the Gods of the na tions delivered thofe which my fathers have deftroyed; ISAIAH. 73 deftroyed ; Gozan, and Harap., and Refeph : and the fons of Eden, who were in. Thelaffar ? 13. Where is the king of Hamath, and the king of Arphad, and the king of the city of Se- 14. pharvaim, of Henah, and of Ivah ?" And Hezekiah received the letters from the hand of the meffengers, and red them ; and he went up to the houfe of Jehovah : and Hezekiah 15. fpred them before Jehovah; and Hezekiah 16. prayed before Jehovah, faying: " O Jeho vah, God of Hofts, thou God of Ifrael, who art feated between rhe Cherubim ! Thou a^¦ the God, thou alone, to all the kingdoms ot the earth ; thou haft made the heavens and 17. the earth! Incline,, O Jehovah, thy ear, and hear; open, O Jehovah, thy eyes, and fee; yea, fee and hear all the words of Senacherib, which he hath fent to reproach the living God. 18. In truth, O Jehovah, the kings of Affyria have deftroyed aU the nations, and their lands ; 19. and have caft their Gods into the fire; for they were not Gods, but the work of the hands of men ; wood and ftone : therefore 20. they have deftroyed them. And now, O Je hovah, our God, faye thou us from his hand ; that all the kingdoms of the eartli may know, that thou, Jehovah, art the God, thou alone." 21. Then. Ifaiah, the fon of Amos, was fent to Hezekiah to fay ; " Thus f^ith Jehovah the God of Ifrael : Thy prayer to me concerning 22. Senacherib king of Affyria I have heard. This is the word which Jehqvah hath fpoken con cerning him. The virgin, the daughter of Sion hath de fpifed thee, fhe hath laughed diec to fcorn ; " " >- '" ' the 7.4 TS AIAH. the daughter of Jerufalem hath fliaken her head .23, behind, thee.. Whom haft thou reproached and reviled ; and againft whom haft thou ex alted thy voice, and^ lifted iip thy eyes on high ? Even againft the. Holy One pf Ifraek ^4. By thy meffengers thou haft reproached Je- ,.1 HOVAH, and faid;' By the multitude of my chariots I have afcended, the highth of the mO'uhtains, . the fides of Lebanon ; and I will cut down his talleft cedars, his choiceft fir- trees ; and I wili penetrate into his extreme 25. retreats, his richefl forefts- I have digged, and I have drunk ftrange waters ; and I have dried with the foles of my feet all the ca- ' 2.6. nals of fenced places. Haft thou not heard ? Of old I have done it, and of ancient times I have formed it. Now I have brought it on ; and thou haft been for the defolation of flourifhing nations, ftrongly fortified cities. 27. "Therefore their inhabitants were of fmall ftrength; they were difmayed and confounded; they were as the grafs of the field, and as the green herb; the grafs of the.houfertopi and as the corn blafted before it groweth up, 28. , But thy- fitting down, and, thy going out, and thy coming in, and thy rage againft me, I have known. Becaufe thy rage againft me,> and thy infolePce, is come up into my ears j therefore I will put my hook in thy nofe, and my- bridle in thy jaws ; and I will turn thee back by the w^y in which thou cameft." 30. " And this fhali he a fign to thee : eat this year that which groweth of itfelf; and the fecond year that which fpringeth up of the fame ; and in the third year fow ye, and reap; and plant 3f. vineyards, and eat the feuit thereof ; and again the ISAIAH, jI the efcaped, the remnant of the houfe of Judah, fliall ftrike root downward, and bear ftuit up ward : for from Jerufalem fhall go fonh the remnartt; and the part efcaped from the moun tain of Sion. , The zeal of Jehovah, God 22. of Hofts, fhall effedt this. Therefore, thus faith Jehovah, concerning the king of Af fyria ; He fliall riot enter into this city ; nor fhall he fhoot an arrow there; nor fhall he prefent a fhield before it ; nor fhall he caft up 22. a mound againft it. -By the fame way by which he came he fliall return ; and into this 34. city he ftiallnot come, faith Jehovah: and I wiirprotedt this city to deliver it, for my own fake, and for the fake of David my fervant." 2S- And rhe Angel of Jehovah went forth, and fmote in the camp of the Affyrians, one hun dred' and eighty-five' thoufand men: and when the pepple arofe early in the morning, behold, 36. they were all dead corpfes: Then Senacherib king of Affyria decamped, and departed, and 37. returned; and he dwelt at Nineveh : and 'as he -was worfhipping in the temple of Nifroc his God, Adramelec and Sharezer his forts fmote him with the fword ; and they efcaped into the land of Armenia; and Efarhaddon his fon reigned in his ftead. • I . At that time Hezekiah was feized with a mor- '^^ A.P- tal ficknefs; and Ifaiah, the prophet, the fon of Amos, came to him, and faid to him; " Thus, faith Jehovah; Give orders concern ing the affairs- of thy family; for thou muft 2. die; thPu fhalt no longer live." Then Heze kiah turned his face to the wall ; aridmade 3. his fupplication to Jehovah : and he faid; "I befeech thee, O Jehovah, remember now, how 7^ ISAIAH, how I have endeavoured to walk before thee in truth, and with a perfedt heart; and have ^dorte that which is good in thy eyes." And Hezekiah wept, and lamented grievoufly. 4. Now [before Ifaiah was gone out into the mid dle court,] the word of Jehovah came to him, 5. faying; " Go [back], and fay to Hezekiah; Thus faith Jehovah, the God of David thy father; I have heard ^thy fupplication; 1 'have feen thy tears. Behold, [I v/ili heal thee; and on the third day thou Ihalt go up into 6. the houfe of Jehovah; and] I will add to thy days fifteen years: and Iwill deliver thee, and this city, from the hand of the king of 22. Affyria ; and I will protedl this city." And [Hezekiah faid; " By what fign fhall I know, that- 1 fliall go up into the houfe of Jehovah ? 7. And Ifaiah faid;] "This fhall be the fign to thee from Jehovah, that Jehovah will per- 8. form this -word which he hath fpoken : Behold, I bring back the fhadow of the degrees, by which the fun is gone down on the degrees of Ahaz, ten degrees backward." And the fun returned backward ten degrees on the degrees 21 . by which it had gone down. And Ifaiah faid; " Let them take a lump of figs:" and they bruifed them, and applied them to the boil; £nd he recovered- 9. THE WRITING OF HEZEKIAH KING OF JUDAH, V/HEN HE HAD BEEN SICK, AND WAS RECOVERED FROM HIS SICK NESS. 10. I faid, when my days were going to be cut off, I fhall pafs through the gates of Hades ; ^ I . I am deprived ofthe refidue of my years \ I faid, T fliall ISAIAH. 77 I fhall no more fee Jehoyah in the land ofthe living 1 I fliall no longer behold man, with J 2, the inhabitants of the world ! The men of my generation are gone, and are removed froni me, as an encampment of the fhepherds. My life is cut off as by the weaver ; he will fever me from the loom ; in the courfe of the day 13. thou wilt finifli my web. I roared till the morning as the lion ; he fo brake to pieces all 14. Iny bones. As the hoopoe I lamented;'! made a moaning, as the dove; my eyes failed with If. looking upward. O Jehovah, contend thou for me; be thou my filrety. What fhall I fay ? He hath given me a promife ; and he hath performed it. Through the refidue of my years I Will refledl on this bitternefs of ray foul. 16. For this caufe it fhall be decl^red> O Jehovah, concerning thee, that thou haft revived my fpirit; that thou haft reftored niy health, and 17. prolonged my life. Behold, my anguifli is changed into eafe ! Thou haft refcued me fro:n ' perdition; yea, rhou haft caft behind me all 18. my fins.. "Verily, Hades will not give thanks to thee, nor will death praife thee; and they who are gone down into the pit will not con- 19. template thy truth : the living fhall praife thee, as I do this day. The father to the children 2Q. ftiall make known thy faithfulnefs. Jehovah was prefent to fave me : therefore, we will fing our fongs to the harp all the days of our life in the houfe of Jehovah. I,. At that time Merodach Baladan, the fon of chap. Baladan, fent letters, and Ambaffadors, and a xxxiX. prefent to .Hezekiah; for he had heard, that 2. he had been fick, and was recovered : and He zekiah was rejoiced at their arrival; and he fhewed 7i Isaiah. . ,. fliewet them his magazines, the- filver, arid the gold, and the fpices, and the precious oint- rrient, and his whole arfenal, and all things contained in his treafures i there was not- any thing in his houfe, or in all his dominioni 3. which Hezekiah did not fliew them. And ./ , Ifaiah, the prophet,: came to king Hezekiah, and faid to him ; " What fay thefe men, and; whence came they .to thee ?" And Hezekiah .', faid; " They are come to me frorn a diftant 4. .country ; from Babylon." And., he faid ; "What have they feen in thy houfe?" And. Hezekiah faid ; ¦" They have feen every thing in my houfe; there is nothing in -my treafured '5. which I have-not fhewed them." And Ifaiah , faid -to Hezelciah ; ¦ " Hear thou , the word of 6. Jehovah, God of Hofts. Behpld, the days fhall come, fa,ith Jehoyah, When all the things wliich are, in thy houfe, and which thy fathers' have treafured up to this day, fhall be carried , away to Babylon : there fhall not any tliipg be 7. left. Moreover, Jehovah faith ; And of thy fons who fliall iffue from thee, whom thou flialt beget, they fhall take ; and they fhali be eu nuchs in tlie palace of the king .of Babylon.'* '8. And Hezekiah faid to Ifaiah; "\jracious is the word of Jehovah, which he .hath fppken 1 ¦ There fliall be peace and truth in my. days 1". SECTION XXXII. CHAP* 1. Comfort ye, comfort ye my people, la.ith XL. 2. God ; fpeak, O" ye priefts^ animating words to Jerufalem, and declare to her, " That her appointed time is Come ; that her iniquity is pardoned ; that flie hath received at the hand of I'S A I A H. t^ of Jehoyah a fufficient punifhment- for all her fins." '[. ^.. . ¦ : •~: ^ 5. The voice of orie crying in' the wildernefs ; ¦ " Prepare ye the way of JariovAH 1 Make 4. .ftraight a high-way for our God ! Every Valley fhall be raifed, and eveiy mountain and hill fhall be lowered; and the crooked IhaU become ftraiglit, and the rough places a fmooth plain : 5. and the glory of Jehovah ftiall be revealed, and all flefh fhall fee the falvation of God : for the mouth of Jehovah hath fpoken it."^ 6. The voice of one faying; "Proclaim." And I faid; " What fliall I proclaira ? All flefli is grafs and all it's ;glory as the flower of the -field ; ¦7. the grafs withereth and the flower fadeth : 8. but /the word of Jehovah fhall ftand for ever." 9. Afcend a high mountain, thou who bringeft glad- tidings to Sion; exalt thy voice with ftrength, thou who bringeft glad-tidings to Jerufalem. , Exalt it, be not afraid ; fay to the 10. cities of Judah, " Behold, your God ! Behold, Jeho-^h fhall come with power; and his arm Ihall prevail for him. Behold, his reward is with him, to give to every man according to his II. work. As a fhepherd he fhall feed his flock; in his arm he fhall gather up the lambs, and fliall bear them in his bofom ; the nurfing e-wes he fliall gently lead." I^ECTION 8o I S A I A W SECTION XXXIII. 12, Who hath meafured the waters in the hol low of his hand ; and hath meted out the hea vens by his fpan ; and hath comprehended the duft of the earth in a tierce ; and hath weighed in fcales the mountains, and the hills in a ba- 13., lance? Who hath known the mind of Je hovah, or hath been partaker of his coun- 14. fels, that he may inform it ? Wiiom hath he confulted, that he may inftrudl liim, and teach him the path of judgment ; that he may im part to hiip fcience, and inform hitn in the way 15. of underftanding ? Behold,, the nations are as a drop from the bucket ; as the fmall duft from the balance they fhall be accounted. Behold, 16. the iflands he taketh up as an atom : and Le banon is not fufficient for the fire; nor his 37. beafts fufficient for the burnt-offering, Afl the nations are as nothing before him ; they are efteemed 'by him as lefs than nothing, and 18. vanity. To whom will ye liken God; and what is the model of refemblance, which ye ig. -will prepare for him ? The workman maketh an image; and the fmith overlapeth it with plates of gold ; and forgeth for it chains of 20. filver. He who cannot afford a coftly oblation, choofeth a piece of wood, which will not rot ; he procureth a fkilful artift to eredt an image, which may not be moved. Every * one affift- cth * The paffage here_inferted between the 20th and 2ilt yerfe-s is taken from chap. xli. 6, 7. where it nianifetilv' 1 interrupts the conneaion of the di'"courfe. Thofe learned critics. Father , Houbigant and Dr, Kennicott, concurred in thinking that it belongs to this place. " VerijQmile mihi vi-detui-y 1 S A I A Hi it eth his neighbour, and faith to his brother, " Be of good courage." The carver encou rageth the frnith: he who fmootheth with tht hammer, him who finiteth on the anvil, faying ofthe fodder, " It is good;" and he fixeth the idol with nails, that it may not be moved. 21. WiU ye not know ? Will ye not hear ? Hathit not been declared to you from the beginning ? Have ye not anderftood it from the foundation 22. of the earth ? Jehovah fitteth on the circle of the earth; and the inhabitants are tol^im as grafs-hpppers. He extendeth the heavens, as a thin veil ; and fpreadeth them out, as a teht, 23. to dweU in. He reduceth princes to nothing; and maketh the judges of the earth a mere in- 24. anity. Yea, they fhall neither plant, nor fow j nor fhall their trunk fpread it's root in the ground; If he but blow upon them, they in ftantly wither ; and the whirlwind fhall bear , them away as the ftubble. 26. Lift up^ur eyes on high ; and fee, who hath created (Bli thefe things. He draweth forth 25. To whom therefore will ye liken me; and to whom fhaU I be equalled? faith the.HolyQne. #1 their annies by number; he calleth them all by name : through the greatnefs of his ftrength, and the mightinefs of his power, not one of them faileth to appear. 27. Wherefore fayeft thou then, O Jacob ; and why fpeakeft thou thus, O Ifrael ? " My way videtur, faith Dr. Kennicott in his Diff. Gen. Seft. 23, commata .6 et 7 in cap. 41 remota effe a loco fuo, fcilicet pod cap. 40, 20 ; fecundum egregiam Cl. Houbigantii notam. Atque huic disjunflioni an{ain prs^bnlffe videntur eadem verbk B\»* i/h, quae utr'amque claudunt fentei^ijtiam." F g2 ISAIAH. is hidden from Jehovah; and my caufe paf- 2^. feth unregarded by my God." Haft thPu not known, or haft thou not heard it ? Jehovah is the everlafting Gbd ; the creator of the bounds of the earth : he neither fainteth, nor is "wea ried ; and hifi underHariding is unfearchable. 29. He giveth to the fainting "ftrength; and to the 30. u-iiafflidted forrow : for young men fhali faint, and be wearied; even chofen youths fhall ftum- 31. hie and fall; but they who truft in JeA^vah fhall gather new fti^hgth ; thiey fhaU pilt forth frefh feathers, as the moulting eagle : they fhall ruti, and not be Wearied ; they fhall march onward, and hot faint. SE € T I O N XXXIV. " CHAP. I, Let- the di-ftatif Mtibns repair to ttie with ¦^^^- new force of mind ; and let th6 pebplefe recover their ftrength. Let them draw near ; theii let them fpeak : let us enter into folemn debate together. 2. Who raifed up the righteous Wan froitithe ¦eaft; called him to attend his fteps; fubdued nations before him ; and gave hiiri dominion - over kings^ and made them as the duft before his fword ; and as the driven ftubble before 2. his bow? He purfued them ; hepaffed in fafe ty ; by a way never trodden before by his feet. 4. Who hath performed, and made thefe .things, calling the feveral generations from the begin ning ? I Jehoyah ain the fiift, and I am the 5. laft; and befide me there is no God. The diftant nations faw ; and they were afraid": the' remoteft parts ofthe earth; and they wi^re ter rified. I s A:la h. §j rifled. They drew near; and they came to- , 6. gether.^-[EYery * one affifteth his neighbour; and faith to his brother, " Be of good courage." 7. The carver encourageth the finith: he who 3. fmootheth with the hahimer, him who finiteth on xhe anvil, faying of the fodder, " It is good ;" and he fixeth it with nails, that it may -8. not be moved.] But thou, Ifrael> my fer vant; thou, Jacob, whom I have chofen; the 9. feed of Abraham my friend: thou, whom I have- led, by the .hand from the ends of the earth; .and called; from the extremities thereof; and to .whom I faid,, " Thou art my fervant ; I have xhofen thee, and wiU,not rejedl thee;" 10. feai- not, for I am with thee ; -be not difmayed, for I am thy God.. I have ftrengthened thee, I have affifted .thee; I have even fupported II. thee by my faithful right-hand. Behold,- they who are enraged againft thee fhall be afliamed and confounded ; they who contend with tliee fhall .be as nothing, and fhall perifh. 1 2. Thou ,fhalt feek them, and fhalt not find them, even the men who ftrive with thee : they fhall be as A)thing, and as mere nought, even the 13. men -wmo oppofe thee in battle. For I Jehovah am thy God, who hold thee by thy right-hand ; whO; fay to -thee, fear not 5 I am .thy helper. 14. Fear not, thou wprm, Jacob ; thou mortal, Ifrael. I anj thy helper, faith Jehovah; and 15. thy avenger is the Holy One of Ifrael. Be hold, I have made thee a threfhing-wain ; a new cpfn-drag armed with pointed teeth. Thou fliajt threfh the. joaountains, and beat them F 2 fmall; * Thp 6th and 7th verfes .1 have Inclofed between hooks, becaufe they feem not to belong to this chapter, but to phapter xl. between' the 20th and zift verfes. See above, the note jhere* - H IS A I A H. fmall ; and flialt reduce the hills to chaff.' l6. Thou flialt winnow them, and the wind fliall beai- them away ; and the tempefl fhall fcatter them abroad. But thou flialt rejoice in Jeho vah ; in rfie Holy One of Ifrael thou flialt triumph. 17. The poor and the needy feek for water, and there is none; their tongue is parched with thirft: I Jehovah wili anfwer them. Ithe 18. God of Ifrael will not forfake, them. Iwill open on the mountains rivers; and in the midft of the vallies fountains: I will make the wil dernefs a ftanding pool ; and the dry ground 19. ftreams of water. In the wildernefs I will give the cedar, the acacia, the myrtle, and the tree producing oii : I will plant the fir-tree in the 20. defert, the pine and the box together : That they may fee, and may know ; and that they rnay confider, and underftand at once, that the hand of Jehovah hath done this, and that the Holy One of Ifrael hath created it. SECTION XXXV. 21. Bring forward your caufe, faith Jehovah ;. produce your mighty powers, faith the king-bf 22. Jacob. Let them approach, and announce to us the things which fhall happen. The things which fliall firft happen, what they are, an nounce ye to us, that we may confider them, 23. and may know the event : or announce tp us the things which will come to pafs in later times, that we may know that ye are Gods. Yea, do good, or do evil, that we may be ftruck at once with admiration and terror. Behold, ISAIAH. ' 85 24. Behold, ye are lefs than nothing; and your operation is lefs than nought: Abhorred be 25. the man who choofeth you ! But I will raife, up one from the north, and he fhall come ; from the rifing of the fun he ftiall invoke my name : and he fhall trample on princes as mortar ; even as the potter treadeth the elay. 26. Who hath announced from the beginning, that we might know it; and from ancient times, that we might fay, " The Just One ?" There was not one, who announced it ; not one who declared it : there was riot one who 27. heard your words. I will give dignity to Sion ; 28. and to Jerufalem a meffenger of glad-tidings ; for I looked : and fro.m the nations there was no man ; and from the idols there was no ad- 29. vifer ; that I might inquire of them, and they might return an anfwer. Behold, they are all of them vanity ; their works are nought : mere wind and einptinefs are their molten images. 1. Behold, my fervant, whom I have chofen ; my CH.4P. beloved, in whom I am well pleafed. I -will ^^^^« put my fpirit upon him ; and he fhall publifh 2. true jMigion to the nations. He fliall not ftrive^or cry ; nor fhall his voice be heard in 3. the public places. The bruifed reed he fhali not break; and the dimly burning, flax he fhall 4. not quench ; until he fhali eftablifli true reli gion for ever : and in his name the nations 5. fttall hope. Thus faith Jehovah, the God' who ci-eated the heavens, and ftretched them out ; who fpred abroad the earth, and the pro duce thereof; who giveth breath to the people upon it, and fpirit to them who tread thereon : 6. I JehoVah have called thee for falvation ; and I will take hold of thy hand, and will F 3 preferve p6 IS A I AH. preferve thee ; and I will give thee for a cove-^ nant of my people, and for a light of the na- 7. rions ; to open the eyes ofthe blind; to .bring the captive out of cpnfinement ; and from the 8. dungeon thofe who. dwell in darknefs. I an] Jehovah.-; that is my name ;' and my glory I will not .give to another, nor my praife to the 9. graven images. The former predidlions, lo ! they are come to pafs ; and new events I now. declare. Before they fpring forth, I make them known to you. ¦ JO. Sing ye to Jeh.ovah a new fong; praife ye- .his name, at the extremity of the earth. _Let the-fea roar, and the fulnefs thereof ; the dif-. tant fea-coails, and they who dwell therein. 1 1 . Let the wildernefs cry aloud, and the citie^ thereof;, the yillages, and thofe who dwell in Kedar. Let the inhabitants of the rocky coun try utter a joyful found; let them fhout aloud 12. froni the top of the mountains; let theni afcribe J glory to JehoYah ; and among, the, diftant nations make known his praife. S E G T r O N XXX\^ 13. Jehovah fhali march forth as a hero ; as a. mighty warrior he fhall roufe his vengeance. He -fhall cry aloud;' he .fliall fliout amain ; he fliall exert his ftren^h againft his enemies. J4. I have long been filent ; fhall I continue filent for ever? Shall I ftiU contain myfelf ? I will cry out, as a wornan in labour'; breathing fhort, and drawing in my breath with violence. J.5. I -will make barren the mountains and hills ; and -will bum all the ^grals, which is upon them : I-S AIAH. 87 them : I will make the rivers a defert ; a'nd will. 16. fcorch., up the ppols; of water. And I wili lead the blind in a way which they have not known ; and through paths which they have not Jcnown I will make, them, go : I will turn darknefs into light before them ; and the rugged ways into a finpoth plain. Thefe things I will do for them; and I will not fbrfa|i.e thera : although they have gone back ward, -., '.^ 17- , Be afliamed, ye ,who tfuft in the graven images; who fay to th? n^olten images, "Ye 18. are our Gods !" Hear, ,ye,dpaf; and ye blind, 19. look attentively, that ye may feel Who are blind but my fervants ; and deaf, as they to whom I' ha-ve fent my meffengers ?, Who are blind, as they whp are perfedlly ipftriiidled ; 20. and deaf, as the fervants of Jehovah ? Ye ha^e often feen, but ye regard not; your ears are 21. open, but ye hear not. Jehovah was defirous tp fave Ifrael, and to exalt his owii praife, and 22. make it illuftrious : but the people are fpoiled and .plundered ; all their chofen youths are taken i$ tlie toils, g,nd ai-e plunged into dark dungeons ; they became a fpoil, and there -was no r.efcuer; a plunder, and no one faid, 23. " Reftore." Who among you wiil liQien to this ; will hearken, and attend to it, for the 24. future ? Who gave Jacob for a fpoil ; and Ifrael to the pluij.derera ? Di^ not Jehovah, againft whom they have finned, and in whofe ways they wouj^ ,j?o,t w;alk ; and whofe law 25. they would not obey ? Therefore he poured upp^ them, the heat of his anger: and it ,-. kindled a flame abpyt them, although they j-egarded it not; and it fet them on fire, al- F 4 - though 88 ISAIAH. SJfffr' I. though they confidered it. . But now, thus ^^^^^' faith Jehovah; who created thee, O Jacob; and who formed thee, O Ifrael: fear thou not, for I have redeemed thee ; 1 have called 2. thee by my name ; thou art mine. When thou fhalt pafs through waters, I will be with thee; and through fivers, they fliall not overwhelm thee. When thou ftialt walk in the fire, thou fhalt not be fcorched ; and the flame fhall not 3. take hold of thee. For I Jehovah am thy God ; the Holy One of Ifrael, thy redeeriier. I have given Egypt for thy ranfom; Culh and 4. Saba, in thy ftead. Becaufe thbu haft been precious in my fight, thou hafl been honour ed, and I have loved thee; therefore I will give men inftead of thee ; and peoples for thy 5. fake. Fear thou not, ¦ for I will be with tliee ; from the Eaft I wili bring thy children, and 6. from the Weft I will gather them together. I wiU fay to the North, " Give up ;" and to the South, " Withhold not ; bring my fons from afar ; and my daughters from the ends of 7. the earth; every one who is called by my name, whom for my glory I have created •, whom I have formed ; yea, -vl hom I have 8. made" I will bring- forth the people, who are blind, although they have eyes j and deaf, although they haye ears, SECTION XXXVII. Let all the nations be gathered together, and let the peoples be colledled. Who among them will declare this ; and tell us, what firft fhali come to pafs? Let them produce their witneffes, that they may be juftified : or let ISAIAH. 89 let them hear in their turn, and fay, " This 10. is true." Ye are my witneffes, faith Jehovah j even my fervants, whom I have chofen ; That ye may know' and believe in me, and under* ftand that I am Jehovah. Before me no God was formed ; and after me none fhall exift. ll, I, even I, am Jehovah ; and befide me there is no faviour. I have declared my purpofe, and I will fave ; I have made it known, and hot a ftrange God among you : and ye are my witneffes, faith Jehovah, that I am God. 13. Even from eternity I am the fame; and no- one can refcue out' of my hand. I workj and who fhail undo what I fhall have done ? 14. Thus faith Jehovah, your redeemer, the Holy One of Ifrael : For your fake I will fend to Babylon ; and I will caufe all the fugitives to return ; and the Chaldeans fhall be bound 15. in chains. I Jehovah am your Holy One; 16. the creator of Ifrael, your king. Thus faith Jehoyah ; who made a way in the fea, and a 17. path in the mighty waters ; who brought forth the chariots, and the horfes, and the power ful army ; together they lay down, they rofe no more; -they were extlnguifhed, they were 18. quencbed, as flax: Remember not the former things ; and the things of ancient times re- 19. gard not: behold, I make a new thing;- even now it fhall fpring forth : will yenot regard it ? Yea, I will make in the wildernefs a way ; in JO. the defert, ftreams of water. The wild beaft ofthe field fhall glorify me; the dragons, arid the daughters of the oftrich ; becaufe I fhall have given waters in the wildernefs, and flow-r ing ftreams, in the defert, that my people, %i, my chofen, might drink; this people, whom Ihave 90 ISAIAH. I have formed for myfelf v who fliall recount 3.2. my praife. BuJC thou haft not invoked me, O Jacob ; nor on my accoynt haft thou laboured, 23. O Ifrael. Thou haft not brought tome the lamb of thy burnt-offering; nor haft th«u honoured me with thy facrifices, ,1 have not burthened thee byexadliiig oblations ; nor haye I wearied thee by demanding frankincenfe. 44. Thou haft not purchafed for me with filver the, aromatic reed; nor haft thou fatiated me with the. fat of thy facrifices. On the con-^ trary, thoii., haft burthened me with thy fins ; 25. thou haft wearied me with thy iniquities. I, even I, am Ije ; I blpt, out thy tranfgreffions for my own fake; and thy fins I will not re- 26. member. Remind - me of thy plea ; let us be judged on equal terms; fet forth- thy caufe, 27. that thou mayeft clear thyfelf. Thy fathers heretofore finned ; and thy teachers tranfgreffed 28. againft nie ; and thy princes profaned my • fandluary : therefore I gave up Jacob for a de- CHAP. I, voted thing, and Ifrael to reproach. But hear •^^" now, Jacob, my fervant ; and Ifrael, whom I 2. have chofen: Thus faith Jehovah, thy maker; and he who formed thee from the womb, and , will help thee ; Fear .thou not, O my fervant Jacob; and O Ifrael,, whom I have chofen ; 3. for I will pour waters on the thirfty, apd flow ing ftreams on the dry ground ; I will pouf nay fpirit on ihy feed, and my bieffjng on thy 4. p.ffspring,: and they fhall fpring up, as the grafs among the waters j as the willows befide 5. the aquedudls. One fhaU fay ; " I belong to Jeiipv^ij;" and another ftiall be called by the name of Jacob : and thijs fhali infcrlbe Ins hand to Jehovah, ,aijd iQiall, eji^ylt in <;he name of |fraei. Thus, ISAIAH. fi 6. Thus faith Jehovah, the king -of Ifrael ; and his redeemer, Jehovah, God of Hofts : I am the firft and 1 am the laft, and befide me 7. 'there is no God,. Who, as I have done, could call forth, and previoufly announce events, and difpofe them for me, from the time when . I made man to the prefent time ? Or can they announce to you things ¦ which are yet to S. come? Fear ye not, nor be ye terrified: have I .not , from the beginning declared it to you, and announced it ? Be ye yourfelves witneffes : Is there a God befide me ? Yea, tiiere is no 9. rock ; I know not any. They who form the graven image are all of them vonity ; and their moft curious works fhall not profit. 'Yea, their works . themfelves bear witnefs to them, that they fee not, and that they under ftand not ; to this end that they raay be 10. afhamed. Who. hath formed a God ; or fet up II. a graven image which profiteth not ? Behold, ail his worfhippers fhall be afhamed ; arid the artificers, they above all men : they fliall af femble all of them ; they fliall ftand forth ; they fhall fear, and be afhamed at the fame 12. time. The fmith cutteth off a portion of iron : he worketh it in the coals, and with hammers he formeth "it. Yea, he is hungry, and his ftrength faileth him ; he drinketh no water, ^ 13. and he is fainting. The carpenter ftretcheth his line; he marketh the form of it with red ochre ; he worketh it with a fliarp tool ; he figureth it .with the compafs ; he malceth it according to the fafliion of a man ; according to the beauty of the human form, that it may 14. abide in the houfe. He heweth down cedars for his ufe ; and he taketh the pine and the .oak'; and layah in good ftore of the trees of ": the $2 ISAIAH. the foreft. He planted the afti, and the rajn J 5. nouriflied it ; thdt it might be for the ufe of man for fuel : and he taketh thereof, and warmeth himfelf; yea, he heateth the oven with it, and baketh bread ; he aifo formeth a God, and worfliippeth it ; lie maketh of it a l6. graven image, and boweth down to it. Part of it he burneth in the fire ; and on the coals thereof he baketh bread : he roaftefh ' meat, and eateth, and is fatisfied; he alfo warmeth himfelf, and faith ; " Aha ! I am 17. warmed, I have enjoyed the fire:" arid the re mainder thereof he maketh a God, even his graven image ; he boweth down to itj and worfhippeth it ; and he prayeth to it, and faith ; " Deliver me, for thou art my God!'^ 18. Verily, they are fo blinded, that they cannot fee with their eyes, nor underftarid with their 19. hearts. He confidereth not in his heart; and he hath not knowlege or underftanding to fay ; *' Part of it I have burned in the fire ; I have aifo baked bread on the coals thereof ; I have roafted meat, and I have eaten : and fhall I inake the remnant an abomination ? Shall I bow myfelf down to the ftock of a tree?" ^o. He feedeth on aflies ; a deluded heart leadeth him afide ; fo that he cannot deliver himfelf, nor fay, " Is there not a lie in my right; hand ?•» 21. Remember thefe things, O Jacob; and know, O Ifrael, that thou art my fervant. I have forriied tliee to be a fervant to me ; and thou, O Ifrael, fhalt not Pe forgotten by me. 22. I have made to vanifh, as a cloud, thy tranf greffions, and, as a vapour, thy fins : return to me, for 1 have redeemed thee. SECTION I S A I A H. 9$. SECTION XXXVIII. 23. SiNC, O ye heavens, for Jehovah hath effedled it ; utter a joyful found, O ye depths of the earth; burft forth into fong, O ye mountains ; thou foreft, and every tree therein! For Jehovah hath redeemed Jacob ; and wili 24. be glorified in Ifrael. Thus faith Jehovak, thy redeenier; he who formed thee from the womb : I Jehovah am the maker of all things ; I ftretched out the heavens alone ; and 25. extended the earth by myfelf. I am he, who fruftrateth the prognoftics of the impoftors; and maketh the diviners mad : who reverfeth the devices of the fages ; and infatuateth their .26. knowlege : whp eftablifheth the words of his ; fervants ; and accomplifheth the purpofe of his meffengers : who faith to Jerufalem, " Tliou flialt be inhabited ;" and to the cities of Judah, " Ye fhalt be built ; and thy defolated places 27. I will reftore :" who faith to the deep, " Be thou wafted ; and I will make dry thy rivers :'* 28. who faith to Cyrus, " Underftand thou ; and thou flialt perform all my pleafure:" who faith to Jerufalem, " Thou flialt be built ;" and to the temple, " Thy foundations fhall be laid." I. Thus faith Jehovah to his anointed; to Cyrus, CHAP. whom I hold by the right-hand ; that I may XLV. fubdue nations before him, and ungird the loins of kings ; that I may open before him the gates ; and the cities fhall not be fhut : z. *' I wili go before thee, and will make the mountains level : the gates of brafs I will break afunder; and the bars of Iron I will 3. hew down. And I will give to thee the treafures H ISAIAH. fures of darknefs, and the ftores deep-hidden in fecret places ; that thoii mayeft know, that I Jehovah, who call thee by thy name, am the 4. God of Ifirael. For the fake of my fervant Jacob, and of Ifrael my chofen, I have called thee by thy name ; and I will fuppprt thee, 5. although thou knoweft me not. Lam Jehovah, and none elfe ; befide me there is no God. I have girded thee, although thou haft not known 6. me ; that they may know from the lifing of the fun, and froni the weft, That nothing is 7. without me. I am Jehovah, and none elfe; forming light, and creating darknefs ; making peace, and creating evil. I JehovaH am th-e author of all thefe things." 'to" 8. Let the heavens drop from above, and let; the clouds fhower down goodnefs ;' let the earth open, and produce falvation, and let goodnefs fpring up at the fame. I Jehovah . have created thefe things. ¦ - 9. Wo to him who conterideth with the -power which formed him ; the potfherd with the moulder of the clay ! Shall the clay fay to the potter, " What makeft thou?" or the thing 10. formed by him, " Thou haft no hands !" Wo to him v/ho faith to his father, " What begetteft thou ?" or to his mother, " What bringeft thPu II. forth?" Thus faith Jehovah,- the Holy One, of Ifrael ; he who formeth the things which are to come; WiU ye queftion me concerning my fons and my daughters? And will ye give me direitions concerning the v/orks of my hands ? 12. I have made the earth, -and a inan upPn iti have created : 'my hands have ftretched Put the heavens-; and to all the hoft .of them I haye given ISAIAH. 9^ 13. glveii commarid. I have raifed him up in mercy; and I will make level all his ways. He feall build my city, and releafe the cap tives of my people ; hot for price, nor for re ward ; faith J'EHOVAH, God of Hofts. SECTION XXXIX. 14. Thus faith Jehovah, God of Hofts : The mariftfadlurers of Egypt, and the merchants of Cufh, and the Sabeans tall of fiacure, fhall Come over to thee, and 'fhall be thine ; they fhall follPw thee; in chains they fhall pafs along ; they fhall bow down to thee, and in thee- they- fhall offer up their prayers, becaufe God is in thee, and fliall fay to him, " Befide 15. thee there is no God. Verily, thou art God, , although we know thee not, O G6d of Ifrael, 16. the Saviour. All thy adverfaries fliall be afhamed, and confounded ; the "makers of 17. idols fhall retire together in confufion: but Ifrael fliall be faved in JehovAh with eternal falvation,; the/ fliall not be afhamed, nor con founded, to the ages of eternity." 18. Thus faith Jehoyah ; who created the hea- ¦ Yens V he is the God, who formed the earth and made it : he eftablifhed it ; he created it not in vain ; but he forriied it to be inhabited : 19. I am Jehovah, and none befides: I have not fpoken in fecret^ in a dark place pf the earth ; 1 have not faid to the feed of Jacob, " Seek ye me in vain:" I am Jehovah, who fpeak truth; 20. -who give diredl anfwers. Aflemble yourfelves together, and coriie; gather yourfelves tdgether, ye who -are efcaped from the nations. They know 96 ISAIAH* know nothing, who carry about the wood> which they have carved; who addrefs them-* felves in prayer to a God, who cannot fave. 21. Publifli ye it, and bring them near; and let them confult together: Who hath made this known long before, who declared it from the firft; Did not 1 Jehovah, than whom there is no other God ? The God who uttereth truth,, and granteth falvation, befide whom there is 22. no other ? Return to me, and ye fhall be faved, O ye^ho dwell at the ends of the earth j 23. for I am God, and there is none elfe. By my felf I have fworn, faith Jehovah ; (truth is gone forth from my mouth ; the word, and it fhall not be revoked;) That to me every knee fhall bow ; and every tongue fhall confefs to 24. God, faying, " Salvation and power belong to him : all who are incenfed againft him fhail 25. come and be afhamed ; but all the feed of, Ifrael fhali be faved and exult in Jehoyah.", CHAP. I. Bel bowed down, Nebo crouched ; their XLYI. jc[q]s were \^[^ on t^g beafts and the cattle: their burthens were heavy, a grievous weight 2. to the weary beaft. They crouched, they bowed down together: they are unable to pro tedl their charge ; and fhall themfelves go into 3. captivity._ Hearken tome, O houfe of Jacob ; and all ye the remnant ofthe houfe of Ifrael :- ye who have been borne by me from the birth; 4. who have been carried from the womb : and even to your old age, I am the fame ; and even to your grey hairs, I will carry you, I have made, and I will bear; I will carry, and wiil 5. protedt you. To whom wiil ye liken me,- and equal me ; and to whom will ye compare 6. me, that -we may be like; O ye who laviftigold out I S A I A -H. <^i out of the bag ; and who weigh filver in the ballance ? They hire a goldfmith, and he ^ maketh it a God : they worfnip him ; yea, they 7. , proftrate. themfelves before liim. They bear hirn on the flioulder, and carry him about : they fet him down in his place, and he" ftandeth : ' from his place he cannot moye himfelf; and to him who crieth to him he cannot anfwer ; 8. nor can he deliver him from his diftrefs. Re member this, and be afhamed ; refledl on it 9. deeply, O ye apoftates. Remember the for mer things, of old time : verily, I am God, and none elfe ; I am God, nor is any thing like to 10. me : from the beginning making known the end, and from early times th6 things which are not yet done ; faying, " iVIy purpofe fhall ftand, and whatever I have willed, 1 will ef^ 1 1, fedl; calling from the eaft the eagle, and from a land far-diftant, the man of my purpofe." As I have fpoken, fo will I bring it to pafs ; I have formed the defign, and I will execute 1 2. it. Hearken to me, ye ftubborn of heart ; ye 13. who are far-diftant from deliverance. I bring my promifed deliverance near ; it fliall not be , far-diftant : and my falvation fhall not be , delayed. I will give in Sion falvation; and to Ifrael glory. I, Defcend, and fit on the duft, O virgin^, the C^HAP, daiighter of Babylon ; fit on the ground with- *^V1^« out a throne, O daughter of the Chaldeans : for thou fhalt no longer be called, The tender, 2. and the delicate. Take the mill, and grind the corn: uncover thy locks, difclofe thy flow ing hair ; make bare thy leg ; wade through g. the river. Thy nakednefs fhall be uncovered ; yea, thy fhame fhall be feen. I will take full, G vengeance % 9^ ISAIAH. vengeance ; nor will I fuffer man to intercede with me. 4. Thus faith our redeemer, Jehovah, Godof Hofts ; whofe name is the Holy One of Ifrael : 5. Sit thou in filence, go into darknefs, O daugh ter pf the Chaldeans ; for thou flialt no longer 6, be called. The lady of the kingdoms. I was an gry with my people; I profaned my heritage; and I gave them up into thy hand : thou fliew- edft no mercy to them ; even upon the aged thou didft greatly aggravate the weight of thy 7. yoke : and thou faidft, " I fhall be a lady for ever." Becaufe thou didft not atteritively con fider thefe things, thou haft no conception of the fufferings which in the end will befall thee. 8. Hear now this;-'0 thou voluptuous, who fitteft in fecurity : thou who fayeft in thy heart, " L am, and there is nothing elfe ; I ftiall npt fit a ' widow ; I fhall not know the lofs of children :" 9. thefe two things fhall come upon thee in a riio- ment ; in one day lofs of children and widow? hood : on a fudden they fhall come upon thee; notwithftanding the multitude of thy forceries, and the great ftrength. of thy inchantments. 10. But thou didft truft in thy wickednefs, ' and faidft,- " No-one feeth me." Thy wifdom and thy knowlege have perverted thy mind ; fo that thou haft faid in thy heart, " I am, and there 1 1., is nothing elfe." Therefore evil fhafl come upon thee, which thou fhalt not know how to deprecate; and mifchief fhali fall upon thee, which thou flialt not be able to expiate ; and deftrudtion fliall come upon thee fuddenlyj, 12. v/hich thou flialt not be able to efcape. Per fift now in thy inchantments ; and in the mul titude of thy forceries," in which thou haft la boured i s A t AM. ^ iDOured from thy youth : if thcii mayeft be profited, if thou mayeft be ftrengthened - by 13. them. Thou art wearied in the variety of thy purpofes : let them ftand up nowj and fave thee ; the obfervers of the heavens, the gazers on the ftars ; thofe who proghofticate at every new-moon, what are. the events which fhall 14. happen to thee : behold, they fhall be as ftub ble ; the fire fhall confume them ; they fhali not deliver themfelves from the power of the flame ; not a coal to warm one, not a fire to fit 1,5. by fhafl be left of them. Such fliall thofe be t-P thee, with whom thou haft laboured ; thy ne gociators, with whom thou haft dealt from thy youth : 'every one fliall turn to his own bufi^ nefs ; none fhall deliver thee* SECTION XL. Hear this, O houfe of Jacob; ye who are CHAp^ called by the name of Ifrael, and who flow from XLVIII' the fountain of Judah; ye who fwear by the nariie of Jehovah, and who publicly acknow lege the God of Ifrael, but not in fincerity^ nor in truth; who take your name from the holy city, and rely for fupport on the God of Ifrael, whofe name is Jehovah Godof Hofts: ' The former things I fhewed to you from the firft; and from my mouth they proceeded, and I declared them : on a fudden I effected them; atid they came to pafs. Becaufe I knew that thou waft obftinate, and that thy neck was a finew of iron, and that thy front was brafs; therefore I fhevred them to thee from the firftj Before they fhould come to pafs, I caufed thee to hear them, left thpu fliouldft fay, " My G 9 idol 10(5 ISAIAH. idol hath caufed them ; and my graven or my 6.: molten image hath diredled them." Thdu didft previoufly hear it; behold, the whole is- accompliflied : and will ye not openly acknow lege this ? From this time I caufe thee to hear new things, kept fecret ¦< hitherto, and .7. of which thou haft no knowlege. They are produced now, and not of old ; and before this day thcu haft not heard them ; ieft thou 8. fliouldft fay, "Lot I knew, them." Yea, thou haft not heard, thou haft not known; yea, from the firft thy ear was not opened to receive them : for I knew, that tho^l wouldft certainly deal falfely, and that Apoftate was • 9. thy name from thy birth. For the fake of my name I will defer my anger; and for the fake of my praife I will-reftrain it from thee, that 10. 1 may not utterly cut thee off. Behold, I haye , purified thee in the fire, but not as filver; I li. have tried thee in the furnace of afflidlion. For my own fake I will do- it ; for how would my , name be blafphemed ? And my glory I will not give to- another.. , t2. Hearken to me,. Jacob my fervant; and If rael, whom I have called. I am he; I am 1-3. the firft, and I am the laft : yea, my hand hath founded the earth ; and my rig|it-'hand hiath ftretched out the heavens : I called them, 14. and they prefented themfelves together. Af femble yourfelves all of you, and hear: Who among you hath predidled thefe things ? He whom Jehovah hath loved will execute his will on Babylon, and will deftroy the power of 15. the Chaldeans. J I, even I, have fpoken; yea, I have called him : I have led hir^, and his 16, way fliall profper. Draw near to me^ and hear ye ISAIAH, mt ye this : from the beginning I have not fpoken in fecret, in a dark place ofthe earth. When it fhall come to pafs, I fhall be there. And nov/ Jehovah hath fent me with his J 7. ^fpirit. Thus faith Jehovah, thy redeemer, the Holy" One of ifrael; I Jehovah am thy God, who have taught thee profitable things ; ^ who have diredled thee in the way in which 18. thou fliouldft go. 0 that thou hadft attended to my commands ! Then thy profperity would have been a^ the river ; and thy bleffednefs as 19. the floods of tbe fea: and thy feed would have been as the fand ; and the iffue of thy bowels, as the duft of the earth. Tfiy name would not have been cut off, nor deftroyed 20. from before me. Come ye forth from Baby lon ; flee ye from the land of the Chaldeans with the voice of joy : publifh ye this, and make it heard ; utter it forth even to the end of the earth. Say ye, " Jehovah hath re- 21, deemed his people Jacob; and if they fhall ¦be thirfty in the defert, he will lead them; waters from the rock he will caufe to flow for them ; he will cleave the rock, and waters fhall gufh forth ; and the people of Jehovah fhall 22. drink." There is no peace, faith JejioYah, to the wicked. SECTION XLL The * fpirit of Jehovah is upon me ; cHAP. wherefore he hath anointed nie. To publifh XLlX. glad-tiding * The psffage with which this feftion begins is taken from chapter ki. i, 2> i> where>it hath not the leaft connexion with C 3 the JOE ISAIAH. glad-tidings to the poor he hath fent me ; to cure the brokenrhearted ; to proclaim to the captives - .-the preceediQg chapter or witH the fubfequent part of that chapter. It is moit manifeft that the 6oth chapter and part/)f the 6 ift. to the end of the 9th yerfe, the paflagp now under confider ration being omitted, are uttered in the name of pod ; arid ft is' not lefs clear thatfhis paffage is the language of fome fervant of God, authorifed by him to execute a moft gracious commiffion for the inftrMftion and relief of piankiiid. In Luke iv. f6 - 21. we are informed, that at Nazareth Jefus, as his cuftom was, went into the fynagogue on the fabbath-day ; that the book of the prephet Ifaiali was delivered to him ; that opening the book he found the place where it was written, " The fpirit of Jehovah is upon me &c. — ;" and that having returned the iook to the officer he began to fay to th? perfons prefent, " This day is this fcripture. ful filled in your ears." In this remarkable manner our Saviour claimed the paffage as a pj'ophecy relating to himfelf; and we are affured by the fame e-vangelift (vii. 19 - 23.) and alfo by Matthew (xi, 2 - 6j) that he did the like on another memorable occafion. The hiftpry informs us, that to the difciples of John the Baptift, who were fent by him to Jefus to aflc him, whether he was the Chrift or not, Jefu? j-eturned this anfwer, " Go, and relate to John the things -which ye have feen and heard ; that the blind fee, the lame walk, the lepers are cleanfed, the deaf hear, the dead are raifed, ^nd glad-ti dings are published to the poor." By this mefl'age he hoped tp convince John and his difciples, that, as he performed miracles agreeably to ancient prophecies concerning the Chrift, and efpecially as he made it his bufinefs to inftruft mankind in general in truths of the greateft ipi- pbrtance, as Ifaiah in the paffage in queftion, tp which he ccrr tainly alludes, had foretold concerning the Chrift, they ought tp receive him under that charafter. The words of the evan gelifts are wtw^oi tvttyyt'ht^tinu.i, and the words of the prophet are "^nSll D'lJJ? ^.vzh, which are_ welj rendered by the lxx iMay- yi>na:air&M tttwx"*? a.wsj-a,7\Kt fus. Biftlop JliOWth, following the laft Englifti tranflation, renddrs the fecond word the meek ; but the old Bible's of 1550, 1574 and 1599, which only I have' coO' fuited, rightly render it the poore, agreeably to the verfion of tlje li%'x.. The vulgate hath manfuetis ; but the Old Latin preferv ed in Tertul.'ian 426. C. and Novatian 222 hath pauperibus. The Lexicons make a diftinftion between 'JJ? and IJJ?, whici) are from the fame root J^-J? ; but if there be any difference be- tjyejn them, one mighj eafily be written for the other. Ji ¦ - ¦ ' ft I s;a I A H. 103 captives freedom, and to the blind recovery of fight ;,to fet at liberty the bruifed; to proclaim the year of acceptance with JehoVah, and the day of vengeance of our God ; to comfort all thofe who mourn ; to impart [gladnefs] to the mourners of Sion ; ,to give to them a beautiful crown inftead of afhes, the cloath ing of praife inftead of the fpirit of heavinefs. Hear *, O my people, rny law; incline your ears to the words of my mouth, I will open my qouth in parables ; I will u.tter things kept fecret from the foundation of the world, I, Hearken to me, ye diftant lands ; and ye peoples, attend from afar. Jehovah from the womb hath called me; from the bowels of G 4 my If xxix. 19. Pf. lxix. 33. and Prov. xiv. 21. the word is C3np -"jp and the lxx air' af;]^))?, which are (equivalent to xwo xalwSo^ijt Koo-jiui in St. Matthew. 1.04 ISAIAH, ?. my mothex, he hath mentioned my name. And he hath made my mouth a fharp fword; in the fhadow of his band he hath concealed me ; yea, he hath made me a polifhed fhaft ; he 3. hath laid me up in ftore in his quiver: and he faid to me ; " Thou art my fervant ; Ifrael, in whom I will be glorified. Behold *, I fend my ¦^ The ihort paffage inferted between the 3d and 4th verfes is taken from Matth. xi. 10, Mark i. z, and Luke vii. 27, and fland s there as a prophecy relating to John the Baptift cited from the Old Teftament. It is generally thought, that thi? citation is made from Mal. iii. I. but the words in Malachi are effentially different, and all the collated Hebre-w and Greek MSS, as well as the ancient verfions and Chaldee paraphrafe, confirm in the effcijtial points, the received readings of the jHcbrew and Greek texts ; and, which is ftill more decifive, the paffage, as cited by the three evangelifts, would not accord with the context in Malachi, which is addreffed to the body of the Jewifti nation, and not to the Meffiah a!n individual : «,' Ber hold, I fend my meffenger, who ftiall p,-epaie the way before me: aad the Sovereign Lord (Heb.|nKn; lxx (t^jips ; "Vulg. Dominatpr ;) whom ye feek, fliall fuddenly come to his tem ple : and the meffenger (Heb. iKbni, lxx y-at 0 ay.yiKoi, Vulg. et angelus) of the covenant, in 'whoin ye delight ; behold, he ftiall come : faith JehoviJih, God of Hofts." Dr. Owen, in his Inquiry into the lxx verfion p. 53, contends, ".That the Hebrew and Greek have been both corrupted in this place, on purpofe to invalidate the argument of the evangelifts by ex cluding the Baptift put of the text, and deftroying the connect tion between himand Chrift :" and in fupport of this charge' ie relies on Tertullian and Eufebius, who cite the prophecy exaftly as it is ci,ted in the New Teilament ; the fornier in his treatii'e Jd'verfus Jud^os, Seft. ix. p. 194. B, and the lat ter in his Demonft. Evang. lib. ix, p. 430. But this learned writer fesms not to have duly confidered, that although thefe ancient, writers agree with the evangelifts in the words of the pitation, yet they mention not the prophet Malachi as the writer from whom it is taken. Dr. Kennicott, in his Diff. Gen. Seft. 179, hath, in like manner; too haftily taken it for granted, that Tertullian cited the words as from Malachi. " Ex i^fp propheta, faith be, adducit Mal. iii. i. Ecce ego mitto &c." In the Englifti tranflation of Mark i. 2. it is faid, " As it is jvritten in thf prophets ;" but inftead pf the words t» toij s-fof «- I S A I A H. 105 my meffenger before thy face, who fhali pre- 4. pare thy way before thee." But I have faid ; ** I have laboured in vain ; for nought, and for vanity I have fpent my ftrength." Never- ^ thelefs my caufe is with Jehovah ; and my ^. work is with my God. And now thus faith Jehovah, (who formed me from the womb to be his fervant, to caufe Jacob to return to him, and that Ifrael to him may be gathered : therefore I am glorious in theeyes of Jehovah ; 6s and my God will be my ftrength:) " It is a great thing for thee, that thou fhouldft be rny fervant, to raife up the tribes of Jacob ; and to reftore the difperfed of Ifrael : 1 have even ~ given thee for a light of the n;i tions ; that thou mayeft be for falvation to the end of the earth." SECTION 7^15, in thi prophets, many Greek MSS. have %¦> Ha-aia all the ends of the earth fhall fee the falvation ii.- of God.- Depq;-t ye, depart ; go ye out thence, and touch not ar!y polluted thing : go ye out from the midft of them'; and be ye feparated ; 12; faith Jehovah. Verily, not in confufion fliall ye go forth ; nor as fugitives fliall ye depart .- for Jehovah fhall go before you ; and I the God of Ifrael will receive you. SECTION XLVI. 13. Behold, my fervant fhall profper; he fliafl be raifed aloft, and magnified, and very highly 14. exalted. As many perfons will be afioniflied at him ; (to fuch a degree will his countenance be disfigured, more than that of man ; and his forniy more than that of the fons of men ;) 15. fo many nations fhall look on him with admi ration ; even kings fliall fhut their mouths. For they to whom nothing hath been told con- H ' ¦ cernincr ¦»- fi4 I ^ A I A H. cerning him fhall fee ; and they who have not "heard fhall underftand* CHAP, r, O Jehovah ! Who hath believed our re- ^ port J, and to whom hath the arm of Jehovah 2'. been manlfefted ? For he grew up in his fight, as a tender fucker ; and as a root from a thirfty foil ; he had no form, nor any beauty, that we fhould regard him ; nor was his appearance- 3. fuch, that we fhould defire him. Defpifed, nor accounted in the nuijiber of men ; a mam of forrows, and acquainted with grief : and as one who hid his face from us ; he was defpifed, 4. and we efteemed him not. Surely our infir mities he took away ; and our fickneffes hc removed : yet we thought him judicially ftrick- 5, en; fmitten of God, and afflicted. But he was wounded for our tranfgreffions ; was fmit ten for our iniquities : the difctpline by which our peace was effedted waa upon Iii'm ; and 6. by his bruifes we are hc-aled. We all of us> as fheep, have ftrayed. We have turned afide, every one to his own way: and Jehovah hath 7. laid on him the iniquities of us ail. He was brought forth ; and being queftioned he opened not his mouth. As a lamb he was led to the flaughter : and as a fheep before her fhearer is S. dumb ; fo he opened not his mouth. In his humiliation his condemnation was extorted ; and the mien of his generation who will be able to defcribe ? For his life was cut offfronj the earth ; through the wickednefs of my people ^. v/as he fmitten to death : and he was placed with wicked men in his death ; and with a rich , man is "his fepulchre. Although he had done no wrong;, neither was guile found in. his V - month";- 1 S A I A H. iii io. mouth ; yet it pleafed Jehovah to crufli hini with affliction. See * ye how the Juft One is deftroyed, and no-one layeth it to heart ; as pious men H 2 are , * I ha-v-e inferted iri the idth verfe a remarkable paflage taken from the beginning of chapter lvii, to which it can- hot of right belbng. It hath no proper conneftion in thar place ; and, if it be omitted, the end of chapter lvi. will fconneii well with the foUovving part of chapter Ivii. Dr, Kennicott] in his. Diff. Gen. Seft. 1,65, hath expreffed his bpinioh in the following -Words: " Ifai. 57. .Non poffum quin iproitram opi-nionem meam voces hujus capitis primaS 26 e loco fiio nunc effe rtiotas : rem ab aliis judicaridam propono." t will ftate the reafons which hive induced me to place it here. , - i;) By the word p'li'n, which i^ .twice lifed, and which is rendered by the lxx 0 ^xai(ti,- the Meffiah,. who is the fubjcdV bf this part of Ifaiah, feems to be intended ; and it was fo un derftood by thole early writers Juftin arid Tertullian. Juftin iri his Dialogue with Trypho (p. 169. &c.) having mentioned the fufferings of the Jews thus proceeds ; kas u^n' w> raviii r-uhu^ kat ^ixaiiii '^syoviv aTtiitteitdle yaq toj hxatov, xoji wfo aula tb; OTpoipriioi? icula' -Aio x.C(.i eft.^6a. Vfuii 0 ©eos A« Is Ho-iiis >.tym, I^eIe Uf 0 Jixaisi SsitwAeIo &c. See alfo p. 373. and his firft Apology p. 71. Tertullian in his Treatife Adverfus Marcion. Lib. iii. p. 410, C-, Writes thus; " Videte quomodo peritjuftus, neque quifquam fexcipit corde, et viri jufti auferuntur, nee quifquam aninnad- vertit. A perfona enim injuftitise fubiatus eft juftns. Quisj nifrChriffius ? Venite, inquiiint, auferamds juftum.'* 2.) The words, fee ye hoiu, which I have added from th.e LXX, and which are cited by Juftin and other, ancierit writers, and are confirmed by the Old Latin verfion, preferved by Tertullian in feveral parts of his writings, (fee p. 4(0. C. 435. C. 444. C. 493. C.) as well as by the Arabic, pro perly introduce not only the fubfequent part of the paffage, biit alio all. that part of the ^jd chapter, tp which I have pre fixed, it. There is hpwever a difficulty in the concluding ,words of the paffag-e which I have thus rendered; y He ftiall arife from his, bed, walking before it, although his fepulchre is feal- efi." It is obfervable, that Juftin and Tertullian underftood the 1x6 ISAIAH. are taken away, and no-one confidereth. Bot the Juft One is taken away from evil ; and peace the paffage as having relation to the death, burial and refur- reftion of Chrift. The former in his dialogue with Tryphi* (p. 328. 389.) cites from the lxx part of the paffage jj raipij avln viflai ExTH /.lEo-s, and his burial is taken aivay,- and afferts that the words reli.te to the burial and refurreftion of Chrift : and the latter in his Treatife Adverfus Jud;eos,'p. 196. D. hath. thefe remarkable words ; " Mortem ejus et paffionem et fe- pukuram una voce Efaiae volo oftendere : a facinoribus, inquit, populi mei perduftus eft ad mortem, et dabo malos pro fepul- tura ejus, et divites pro morte ejus ; quia fcelus non fecit, nee dolus in ore ejus inventus eft, erDeus voluit eximere a morte .animam ejus &c. Dicit etiam adhuc : Sepiltura ejus fublata: eft e medio. Nee fepirkus enim eft. (effetj nifi mortuus, nee fepultura ejus fublata eft e medio, nifi per refurreftionem ejus- Deniqiie fubjungit : Propterea ipfe multos in hereditatem ha- b.,bit, ct R.ultoium dividet fpolia :" and in his Treatife Ad verfus Marcion. Lib. iii. p. ^08. D. he hath fimilar words; " Mortem autem et fepulturam et refurreftionem Chrifti'mei •¦una voce Efaix volo oftendere dicentis, Sepidtura ejus fublata de medio ejl. Nee fepultus enim effet, nifi mortuus; nee fepul tura ejus fublata de medio, nifi per refurredtionem. Deniquc liibjecit, Propterea ipfe multos hereditati habobit, et multorum dividet fpolia." The words, Sepultura ejus fublata de medio'ej},. cited from Ifaiah in both thefe paffages, are agreeable to the" verfion of the Lix, a's we nowhaveit ; bnt the prefent words; of t!ie Hebrew will not admit this fenfe, nor v/ill they and the nvo next words, without fome alteration, afford any fenfe. liifliop Lov.'th, on the authority of two MSS. and the Vulgate., reads niJ" inftead of imj'' ; and if the verb be thus made fin gular, it feems to follow that amas'i'K) ought to be made An gular too by omitting the two la,ft letters an, -which were not ill the copy followed by tlie author of the Vulgate, and were not at firft in a valuable MS. No. 20, in Dr. De Roffi's col- L^dtion, written in 1336, and containing, as he informs us> lixcentas injignes iiayias leciiohes ; and then the exadt tranfla- rion will be, he' jhall reft upon hit bed, hvalking before it. hs it is cciiai.i that the prophet could not write fuch nonfenfe^. rtfrtl ;;s the evidence above adduced for helieving that the words', origin9.11y contain^'d' a prophecy of the refurredlion of Chrift: is fo ftrong, it i.i probable, that for ^^Z2V•a bs- nU', he Jhdlt i-efi. u^idn' his led, we ought to read ISJJU'n b,ffn Sip', ;&?y2>a// /•.rife from his bed. This alteration is- effedled by changing i inta. ISAIAH. 117 peace fhali be to him. He fhall arife from his bed, walking before it, although his fepulchre is J into p .-tnd n into S, and by prefixing n to bv- Many fimilar changes have happened ; and the verfion of the lxx and the Old Latin ftrongly recommend the propofed readings bj'n an^, i3:3Wr!, which laft word the aathors of thofe verfions confidered is the nominative cafe, and not as the ablative governed by the prepofition 'piyo, the firft: letter of which ward might be omitted, .becaufe the preceeding word ended with the fameletter. 'Thenext words in the Hebrew in3J "ihn are not tranflated in the verfion of that LXX, as we now have it ; but they feem to be genuine, being confirmed by all the MSS, which give them exadlly, or with very fmall variations. Biftiop Lowth's tranflation is, " He that walketh in a. ftrait path;" and the Vulgate hath, " Qui ambulavit in diredlione fua :" but thefe verfions give not the true fenfe of. in^J. This word occurs in Exod. xiv. 2. and Ezek. xlvi. 9 ; and in both places fignifies before or o-vc-r- gainfiit : and in the interlineary verfion in the London Polyglot the words of Ifaiah are rendered "ambulans coram eo." The [v.i.i laft of the 26 firft words of chapter lvii, which Dr. Kennicott thought not to be in their right place, are uip SilNl, which are rendered in the verfion of the.LXXg as we now h^ive it, I'/y.Eif f^E •vsgnaayay'^i, but ye, dra"M ye near; and fo Biftibp Lovvtli tranflates. If I have afligned.to the paffage it's right pl.ice, fome alteration muft be made in thefe words, and the connedlion feems to require Us to read ^'\^2'? 3nm, by reading in one v.'ord n inftead of «, which letter is often written for the other, and by placing in the other 3 before n, and in juftificatlon of this tranfpofition it may be obferved that in Pf. xlix. 1 1. the word CD3"ip, found in all the MSS, ought certainly to be ^'O^ agreeably to all the ancient verfions. See C^ppel. C. S. p. 269, and Secker, Lowth and Kennicott in Merrick on the Pfalms, and alfo Durell oh thePfalma. ,3.) Two of th-e paffages above-cited from Tertj.tllian ftirniiTi a ftrong argument for fuppofing the Latin ^ibles in his time to have had this paffage of Ifaiah in the place, \yhich appears to mc to be it's right place. He tells us that Ifaj^h, after faying that the burial of Chrift was taken away, flibjoins, [denique fubr jungit ; dtnique fubjecit ;) " Therefore he ihall have the many for his inheritance &;c." This affertion would not be true, if .iri the Bibles ufed by him the fam;? order obtained ^s in the prefent Hebrew Bible. H 3 n? ISAIAH, is fealed. Since he is made an offering for fin. he fhall fee a feed, and fhall prolong his days, and^ 4.) St. John (xix. 38 - 40.) informs us, tha\t- Nicodeiniis brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, and that he and- Jofeph of Arimathea took the body of Jefus, and wound it in linen-clothes withthefpices.asthemanner.ofthe Jews was to bury, prtoembalm,,, (i.1a(pi«ffi». It is probable that the body of Jefus was laid in a bed of fpices, and that the prophet points at thi,s circumftance.' The body of King Afa, according to 2 Chrpn. xvi. 14, was b"uried in a fepulchre, which he had digged fpr himfelf in the city of Da-vid,- and was laid in a bed (3plPD3, the word ufed by Ifaiah ; sot t)i? Ji^tm? or iioQtiq, i.xx; fuper leBuin fuum, Vulg.) filled with unguents and fpices. See Dr. Lardner's Credibi Part I. B. I. c. 7. Sedl. 17 ; his Remarks on Dr. Ward's Dif- fertations, p. 41. &c. and his Letter to Dr. M'acknighf, p. 22 ; and 2 Harmer Chap. vi. Sedl. 60. The propriety of introduc ing this circumftance in the connedlion in which I iiave placed it is moft obvious. 5.) Our Saviour, after his refurredlion, according to Luke xxiv. 46, faid to his -Apoftles, Thus it is •written, and thai it luas neceffary that the Chrift fhould fuffer and that he fhould rift from the dead the third day. " But, faith Bifliop Pearce, it docs not appear in what part ofthe O. T. this circumftance of the third day is to be found, unlefs in Hof. vi. 2, and typically in 7onas 1. 17 " As to the cafe of the prophet Jonah, it is not cited by our Saviour as a prophecy, but is only alluded to by him ; and as to the paffage in Hofea, it feems to have no relation to the re furredlion of Chrift, althoijgh Dr. Kennicott, in his Remarks on Seledl Paffages in the Old Teftainent p. 291 - 297, hath at tempted to fliew tjiat it hath. If I have given the true meaning of Ifaiah in this place, he foretold that the refurredliort of Chrift -would happen in a very Ihort tirae after his death . We are in formed by St. Matthew (xxvii. 62 - 66.) that on the day after th-fe crucifixion of Chrift fome of the chief-priefts and pharifees fecur^d the fepulchrjs by fealing the ftorie £t the entrance ofit and fetting a watch, their intention being, as Dr. Macknight and Df. Lardner (fee 2 Lardner's Sermons p. 1 1 /;.) obferve, to fliew his body publicly after the third day as an iriipoftor : and Ifaiah here foretells, that he would be feen alive, and walking near his fepulchre, before the feal affixed for fecliring it flioula be broken by the perfons aflixing it. It is manifeft, ,that fuch i. prophecy as this could not be placed in any part of Ifaiah with more prppriety than in chapter liii. ' ISAIAH. 119 and the gracious purpofe of Jehovah fhali 11. profper in his hand. Of his labour he fhall fee. [the fruit] and be fatisfied. By his know^ lege my fervant fhall turn many to righteouf nefs ; and their iniquities he fhall bear away. 12. Therefore I will diftribute to him the many for his portion ; and the mighty he fhall fliare, as a fpoil: becaufe he gave up himfelf to .death ; and -was numbered with tranfgreffors ; •and he took away the fins of many-; and made interreffion for tranfgreffors. S E.C T I O N XL VIL Shout for joy, thou barren, who didft not CH.AP. bear; break forth into joyful fho,uting and LiV. exult, thou who hadft not had the pains of child-birth -: for more are the -chiddren of the defolate, than of the married woman, faith Jehovah. Enlarge the place of thy tents, and let the curtains of thy habitation be extended ; fpare ' not, lengthen ,thy cords, and firmly fix thy ftakes : for on the right-hand, and on the left-hand thou fhalt burft forth with increafe ; and thy feed fhall inherit the nations ; and they fhall inhabit the defolate cities. Fear not, be caufe thou haft been .put to fhame; and bjufh not, becaufe thou haft been brought to re proach-: for thou fhalt forget the fhame of thy youth ; and the reproach of thy widowhood thou fhalt remember no more. For thy maker is thy hufband ; Jehovah God of Holts is his name : and the Holy One of Itrael is thy re deemer ; the God of the .whole earth he -ftiall be called. For as a woman forfaken, and di^eply afflifted, Jehovah hath recalled thee ; H 4 and 120 IS A I A Hr and as a wife, wedded in youth, but afterwards 7. rejea-ed, faith thy God. In a little angei; I have forfaken thee ; but v/ith great mercies I - 8. will receive thee again : in a fhort anger I hid my face from thee; but with everjaftirig kind nefs I will have mercy on thee ; faith thy p^- g. deemer Jehovah. I will now do as in the- days of-Noah: as I then fware, that the wa ters of Noah fhould no more pafs over the earth ; fo I now fwear, that I will not be angry 10. with thee, nor rebuke thee. Eor the moun tains fhall be removed ; and the hills fhall be overthrown : but m.y kindnefs from thee fhall not be removed; and the covenant of my peace fhall not be overthrown ; faith Jehovah, who beareth toward thee the moft tender af- fe&ion,. II. O thou afHidtcd, beaten with the ftoOT, deftitute of confolation ! Behold, I lay thy ftones in cement of vermi^iion, and thy founda- 12. tions with fapphlres: and I will make of rubies thy' battlements ; and thy gates of car buncles ; and the whole circuit of thy \yalls 13. fhall be of precious ftones. And aU thy chil dren ftiall be taught of God ; and great fhall 14. be the profperity of thy children. In mercy thou fhalt be eftablifhed ; be thou far from oppreffion ; yea, thou fhalt not fear it : and from teri-or. ; for it fhali not approach thee. 1^. Behold, fthangers fhall fojoiirn with thee on my account,; yea, they fhall fojourn' with thee, 16. and join 'thenifelves to t^ee. 'Behold, I have created the frnith, who bloweth up the coals ¦ into a fire, and produceth inftruments ac cording to his work ; and I have created the ly. deftroyer to lay wafte. Whatever weapon is ' ' ' " ¦ ' formec^ ISAIAH. I.I? .formed againft thee, it fhall hot profper ; and againft every tongue yrhich contendeth witl^ thee thou fhalt obtain thy catffe. This is the: Jieritage of Jehovah's fervants, and their juftir fication from me, faith Jehovah. . SECTION XLVIII. I. Ho! eyery one who thiffteth, come ye to CH.'iB. the waters I ¦ And who hath no filver, come ye, LV. buy, and eat 1 Yea, come, buy ye without . filver , and without price, -wine and delicious 2. food. Wherefore -weigh ye your filver for that -which is not bread ; and your riches for that which -yvill not fatisfy ? Attend, and hearken to me ; and eat ye that which is truly good : and ye fhall feaft on the richeft deli- 3. cacies. Incline your ear, and come to me ; attend, and ye fhall live. And I will make ^ith you an everlafting covenant ; I will give to you the facred things of David, which fhall 4. never fail. Behold, for a witnefs to the peo ples I have given him, for a leader and a 5. lawgiver to the nations. Behold, nations which thou kneweft not thou fhalt call; and nations which knew not thee fhall run to thee ; for the fake of Jehovah thy God ; and of the Holy Qne of Ifrael, for he hath glorified thee. 6. Seek ye Jehqvah, while. he may be found; 7. call ye upon him, while he is near. Let the wicked forfake his -w^ay, and the unrighteous man his thoiights : and let him return to Je hovah, for he will receive him with com paffion : and to his God, for he aboundeth in 8. forgivenefs. For my thoughts are not your thoughts; neither are you;' ways my ways, faith , ' ¦ Jehovah. J22 I S, A I A H. 9, Jehovah. For as the heavens' are higher ^ than the earth ; fo are my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your lb. thoughts. Verily, as the rain or the fnow de fcendeth from the heavens, and thither it re turneth not ; but it moifteneth the earth, and maketh it generate, and put forth it's increafe; that it may give feed to the fower, and bread II. to the eater : fb fhall be the word which goeth forth from my mouth ; it fhali not return to me fruitlefs ; but it fhall effedt what I ha-ye willed, and make the purpofe "fucceed, for 12. which I have fent it. Surely with joy ye Ihali go fbrth, and with peace ye fhall be led on ward : the mountains and the hills fhall burft forth before you into fong ; and all the trees 15. ofthe field fhall wave their branches. . Inftead of the thorny bufh fhali grow up the fir-tree ; and inftead of the bramble fhall grow up the myrtle: and Jehovah fliall be to you a fignal; yea, a perpetual fign, which fhall not fail. CHAP. r. Thus faith Jehov.ah : Keep ye judginent,- LVI. and praftife righteoufnefs ; for my falvation is ready to come ; and my goodnefs to be 2. manifefted. Bleffed is the mortal, who doeth this ; and the fon of man, who holdeth it faft ; who keepeth the fabbath, and profaneth it not; and reftraineth his hand from doing evil. 3. And let not the ftranger who adhereth to Je hovah fay; " Jehovah hath utterly feparated me from his people :" nor let the eunuch fay ; 4. " Behold, I am a dry tree." For thus faith Jehovah to the eunuchs ; Whoever of them fhall keep my fabbaths, and fhall choofe that in which I delight, and fhall fteadfaftly main- 5. tain my covenant ; to them I will give in my houfe, ISAI A'H. 123 houfe, and within my walls, a place of dif- tinftion better than fons and daughters ; an everlafting name I will give them,' which Ihati 0. never be cut off: and to the ftrangers, who adhere to Jehovah, to minifter to him, and to love the name of Jehovah, and to become his fer vants, and his handmaids r every one who ftiall keep the fabbath, and fliall not prophane it ; and fhali fteadfaftly maintain my covenant; 7. them 1 will bring to my holy mountain ; and I will caufe them to rejoice in my houfe of prayer : their burnt-offerings and their facri fices fhall be accepted on my altar ; for my houfe fhall be called ; " The houfe of prayer 8. for all the nations." Thus faith Jehovah, the gatherer of the outcafts of Ifrael ; I will gather to it befide them a congregation. SECTION XLIX. 9. All ye beafts of the field, come ; devour, ?p. all ye beafts of the foreft 1 The watchmen are all blind ; they are ignorant ; they are all dumb dogs, they cannot bark; dreamers, 1 1, fluggards, loving to flumber. Yea, thefe dogs are of untamed appetite ; they know not to be fatisfied. And the fhepherds themfelves cannot underftand : they all of them turn afide to their own way; each to his own lucre, ¦ 12. from the higheft to the loweft. " Gome on; let us provide wine ; and let us fwill ftrong drink : and as to-day, fo fhall be the cheer of to-morrow ; great, even far more abundant." I. [See ye how the Juft One is deftroyed, CHAP. and no-one layeth it to heart ; as pious men LVII. are taken away, and no -one confidereth. But the 124 IrS,A I AH. 2. the Juft One is taken away from evil ; and peace fhall be to him. He fhali arife from his 3, bed, walking before it, although his fepulchre fs fealed *.] Behold, ye foris of iniquity; ye feed of the adulterer, and of the harlot I Of 4. whom make ye your fport ; and at whom widen ye the nnouth, and loll ye the tongue ? Are ye 5. not apoftate children^ a falfe feed ;, burning with the luft of idols under every green tree ; flaying the children in the vaUies, under the 6. clefts of the rocks ? Among the Cnooth ftones of the valley is thy portion ; thefe, thefe are thy lot : even to thefe thou haft poured out thy libation, thou haft prefented thy oftering. Shall I not take vengeance for thefe things ? 7. Upori a high and eminent mountain thou haft fet thy bed ; thither thou haft goiie up to offer 8. facrifice. Behind the door and the door-pofts thou haft fet thy memorial. Thou haft de parted frorn me, and art gone up ; thou haft enlarged thy bed ; and thou haft made a cove nant with them : thou haft loved their bed ; 9. thou haft provided a place for it. Thou haft vifited the king wifh a prefent of oil ; and haft multiplied thy precious ointments^ and thou haft fent thy ambafladors afar ; and haft 10. debafed thyfelf even to Hades. In the variety of thy ways thou haft wearied thyfelf, and haft not faid; " I wili defift." Thou haft ac quired great wealth ; therefore thou haft not 1 1 . made fupplication to rne. Of whom haft thou -been fo anxioufly afraid, that thou haft thus dealt falfely, and haft not remembered^ nor confidered me in thy heart? It is, becaufe I am • The paffage inclofed between hooks feems not tp belong Jo this place, but to Chap. liii. 10. See above, the note there. ISAIAH. li^ am filent and wink, and thou feareft me not. 12. I will declare my falvation ; and thy v/orks 13. fhall not profit thee. When thou crieft, can they deliver thee in t'ly diftrefs ? No : for tlie wind fhali bear them all away, and the tempeft fhall deftroy them. But he who trufteth in me fliall inherit the land, and fhall poffefs my holy 14. mountain: and he fhall fay, " Caft ye up, caft up the cauffey : prepare the way ; remove every obftru<5tion from the road of the people of Jehovah." 151, Thus faith Jehovah, the moft High, who dwelleth in heaven forever, and whofe name is the Holy One: In the high and holy place I dwell; and with hini who is contrite and humble of fpirit; to revive the fpirit of the huipble, and to revive the heart of the con- 16. trite. For I will not always contend ; neither for ever will I retain my anger : for the ipirit from before me would be overwhelmed, and the living perfons whom I have made. i7i Becaufe of his iniqtiity for a fhort time I was angry, ahd I fmote him hiding my face from ' him : and he was grieved, and departed, ia- 1 8, menting on account of his ways. His ways I have feen ; and I will heal him, and wili guide him : and I wili reftore comforts to him, and 19. to thofe who grieve for him. I create the fruit of the lips ; peace, peace, to him who is ,afar off, as to him who is near, faith Jehotah ; 20. and I will heal him. But the wicked are like the troubled fea ; which cannot be at reft, and 21. whofe waters work up mire and filth. There is no peace, faith Jehovah, to the wicked. SECTION 126 I S A i A ti. S E C T I O N L. CHAP. I. Cry aloud; fpare not : as a trumpet lift li^ . LVin. thy voice; and declare to my people theif tranfgreffion; and to the houfe of Jacob- their 2. fin. Yet me day after day they feek ; and tcJ know my ways they take delight : as a nation. , which worketh righteoufnefs, and. hath nor forfaken the ordinance of their God. They continually inquire of me concerning the or dinances of righteoufnefs -, they take delight J. to draw near to God. " Wherefore have we fafted, and thou feeft not; have we afflided ourfelves, and thou regardeit not ?" Beholdj in the day of your fafting ye enjoy your plea.^ fure; and all your fiirrendered debtors ye cru- 4. eliy opprefs. Behold, ye faft for ftrife and contention ; and to fmite with the fift the poor. Wherefore faft ye to me in this man^ ner ; to make your voice to be heard on high ? 5. is fuch the faft which I choofe; that a man fhould afPiift himfelf for a day ? Is it, that he fliould bow down his head in a circle; and pro-- ftrate himfelf on fackcloth and aflies ? Shall this be called a faft, and a day acceptable to Jeho- 6, VAH? Is not this the faft which I choofe ; to' diffolve the bands of wickednefs ; to loofen the oppreffive burthens ; to deliver thofe whd are crufhed by violence ; and that ye fhould 7. break afunder every yoke ? Is it not to diftri bute thy bread to the hungry; and to bring the v«'andering poor into thy houfe ? When thoif feeft the naked, that thou cloath him; and tliat thou hide not thyfelf from thy own flefh ? Then fliall thy light break forth as the morn- 8. ing; and thy wounds fhall fpeedily be healed: i and ISAIAH/ 127 and thy falvation fhall go before thee : and the glory of.' Jehovah fliall enconry)afs thee. 9. Then thou fhalt call, and Jehovah fb.all an fwer ; thou flialt cry, and he fhall fay, " Lo ! I am here." If thou remove from the midft of thee the yoke ; the pointing of the finger, 10. and the injurious fpeech: if thou bring forth thy bread to the hungry ; and fatisfy the af- flifted perfon : Then thy light fhall rife in. ob fcurity, and thy darknefs IhaU be as the noon- II. day: and Jehovah fliall guide thee conti nually, and fhali fatisfy thee in the fevereft drought ; and he fhall rene-w thy ftrength : and thou fhalt be as "a well -watered garden, and as a flowing fpring, whofe waters fhall never fail. X2. And thy ancient ruins fhali be built ; and thy foundations of old times thou flialt reftore : and thou fhalt be called, " The repairer ofthe broken mound ; the reftorer of paths to be 13, frequented by inhabitants." If thou reftrain thy foot from the fabbath ; from doing thy pleafure on my holy day : and fhalt call the fab bath a delight ; and the holy feaft of Jehovah honourable : and fhalt honour it by refraining from thy purpofe ; from purfuing thy plea- 14. fure, and from fpealcing vain words : Then thou fhalt delight thyfelf in Jehovah ; and I will make thee to ride on *the highths of the earth : and I will feed thee on the inheritance of Jacob thy father: for the mwuthof JeHO* VAH hath fpoken it. 'SECTION 128 ISAI All. S iE C T I 0 N Jul. ibilAi*. I. Semoldj the hand of Jehovah is not coii- LIX. tradted, fo that he cahnot fave ; nor is his eaf 2. grown dull, fo that he cannot hear : but your iniquities have made a feparation between yoa and your God ; and your fins have hidden his 3. face from you, that he doth not hear. For )'our hands are polluted with blood," and your ¦ fingers with iniquity ; your lips fpeak falfe-' hood, and your tongue muttereth wickednefs. 4. No-one preferreth his fuit in juftice, and no-. » . one decideth with equity : but they truft- in vanity, and fpeak lies; they conceive mifchief^ 5. and bring forth iniquity. They hatch the eggs of the bafilifk, and Weave the web of the fpider: he who eateth of their eggs dieth; and when the egg is crufhed, a viper breaketh 6. forth. Of their webs no garment fhall be made; nor fhafl they cover thenrt felves with their works: their works are works of iniqtiity; yea, the work of violence is in their hands.- 7. Their feet run fwiftly to evil, and they haften to flied innocent blood. Their devices are devices of iniquity; deftrudtion and calamity S. are in their paths. The way of peace they know not; noris there any judgment in their tracks : they have made to themfelves crooked I . paths ; .whoever goeth in them kno-weth not 9. peace. Therefore judgment is far-diftant frem them; and mercy overtaketh them not. They" look forlight, and behold, darknefs ; for bright-, 10. Rc.(:^, but they walk in obfcurity. Theygrope^ as the blind, for the wall ; yea, as thofe who .. I have no eyesj they grope. They ftumble at mid-day, as in the twilight; in plentiful places, the/ ISAIAH. 129 II. tkey.are as dead men. They groan, ail of them, as the bears ; and as the doves, they make a continued moan : " We look for judg ment, and there is none; for falvation, and it 1 2. is far-diftant from us : for our tranfgreffions are multiplied before thee ; and our fins bring an accufarion againft us ; our tranfgreffions ad here to us ; and our iniquities we acknowlege ; 13. in rebelling, and lying againft Jehovah; and in turning backward from following our God: in fpeaking injury, and conceiving revolt"; and in meditating from the heart lying words. 14. And judgment is turned away backward ; and juftice ftandeth aloof: for truth hath fiumbled in the open ftreet ; and reftitude hath not 1$. been able to enter. Truth is utterly loft ; and he who ftiunneth'evil expofeth himfdf to be plundered." And JehoVah faw it, [and he was angry;] and it difpleafed him that there 16. was no judgment : and he faw, that there was no man ; and he wondered, that there was no-one to interpofe. TThen his own arm wroug^ falvation for him; and his mercy 17. fupported him : and he put on mercy, as a breaft-plate; and the hdmet of falvation was upon ifis bead : and he put on the garments of vengeance for his cloathing; and he covered 18. himfelf with zeal, as with a mantle. He is mighty to recompence ; he who js mighty to recompence wili requite: vengeance to his adversaries, recompenfe to his enemies ; to the diftant coafts a recompence he -will re- 19. quite : and they from the weft fhall revere the name of Jehovah ; and they from the rifing of the fun his glory ; when he fhall come, as a river ftraitened in his courfe, which a ftrong 20. wind driveth aioi^. And the redeemer fhaU I come J30 ISAIAH. come from Sion ; and fliall turn away iiiiquitiy *i. from Jacob ; faith Jehovah. And this is my* covenant with them, . when I , fhail take away their fins ; fa,ith Jehovah. My fpirit, which .is upon thee, and nay . words, which I have put into thy mouth:: they;,fhali not depart from thy mouth, nor from the mouth Of thy feed, nor, froin the mouth of thy feed's . feed, faith Jehovah } frorat'this i time fortlir for eveK». ; \ S E C T I 0 NL IL ^J^x^' i. Artse, be thou enlightened, O Jerufalem; for thy light, is come, and the glory of Jeho- 2. VAH is rifen upon thee, E'er behold,' dark nefs covereth the earth, and a thick vapour the najtions ; but upon thee Jehovah jhall arife; , aiid -his glory upon thee fhall be confpicuous: 3. and the. nations fhali walk in thy light, and idngs in thi; .brightnefs of thy funrrifing. 4. Lift up thy eyes around,- and fee ; all of them are gathered together, they eome to- thee : thy fons fhall come from. afar.; and thy. daughters 5. fhall be carried on the fliouldey* Then thou flialt fear, and , overflow with joy ; and thy heart fhall.be ruffled and dilated; when the riches of the fea fhali be poured in upon thec; when the wealth of the nations fhail .come to 6^ thee. Droves of caniejs fliall cc^ver thee ; the dromedaries of Midian and Epha ; all of them from Saba fliall come. Gold and frankincenfe they fhall bear; and the praife of Jehovah 7. they fliall joyfully proclaim. All the flocks of Kedar fhall be gathered to thee ; to thee the rams, of Nebaioth fhall minifter: they fhall afcend with acceptance on my altar -, and my houfe ISAIAH. 131 8. houfe of prayer fhall be glorified. Who are thefe,: as a cloud, flying; and as doves tq 5. their dovecots ? Verily, the diftant coafts fhall await me ; and theifhips of Tarfhifh among the firft : to bring thy fons from afar : their ¦iv,' filver and their gold with them: becaufe of A:d the name, of JehOvah thy God, and ofthe Holy Ond of Ifrael; for he. hath glorified 10. thee. And ftrangers fhall build. .up thy walls ; and their kings fhall minifter to thee : for in : -my . anger I fmote thee ; but in my favour I will embrace thee -with the moft- tender afFec- ii. tion. And thy. gates fhall be open continually; by .day or, by . night ' they fhall not be fhut: 1!. that the wealth . of . the nations, and their kinga .4b pompoufly attended may be brought to thee : 12. for that n.ition, and thaCi. kingdom, which will not ferve thee, fhall perifh ; yea, thofe nations 13. fliall be utterly defolated. The glory of Le banon fhall comei to thee, the fir-tree, the pine,, and the box together ; to adorn the . place of my fanftuary; and 1 will glorify t.he 14. place on which I reft my feet. The fons of • thy oppreflfors fhall come bending before thee ; and all who fcornfully rejeded thee fhall do , obeifance to the foles of thy feet : and they .fhall call thee. The city of Jehovah ; The 15. Sion of the Holy One of Ifrael. Inftead of . being forfaken and hated, fo that no-one paffed through thee ; I will make t-hee an everlafting boaft; a fubjeft of joy for per- i5. petual generations. Thou fhalt fuck the milk of the nations; and the riches of kings thou fhalt eat: and thou fhalt know, that i JfiHOr VAH am thy faviour; and that thy redeemer is J 7. the Mighty One of Jacob. Inftead of brafs, I will bring gold ; and inftead of iron, I will I 2 bring 13^ ISAIAH. bring filver; and jnftead of wood brafs j and inftead of ftones, iron ; and I wili make thy infpedtors peace ; and thy exadtors righteouf- 18. nefs. Violence fhall no more be' heard in thy land ; deftrudtion and calamity in thy borders : but thou fhalt call thy wails faiva- 19. tion, and thy gates praife. No longer fhalt thou have the fun for a light by day ; nor by night fhail the brightnefs of the moon en lighten thee: for Jehovah fhali be to thee an everiafting light, and thy God fhall be thy 26. glory. Thy fun fhali no rnore go down ; nor ihali thy moon wane : for Jehovah fhail be thy everlafting light ; and- the days of thy 21. mourning fhali be ended. Thy people fhali be all righteous ; for ever they fhafl poffefs the land : the cion of my planting, the wojk of 22. my hands, that it may be gibrified. The little one fhall become a thoufand ; and the fraall one a ftrong nation : I Jehovah in due time CHAP. I, wfll gather them together; [The fpirit of Jehovah is upon me ; wherefore he hath anointed me. To publifh glad-tidings to the poor he hath fent me ; to cure the broken hearted; to proclaim to the captives freedom, and to the blind recovery of fight ; to fet at 2. liberty the bruifed; to proclaim the year of acceptance with Jehovah, and the day of vengeance of our God ; to comfort ali thofe 3. who mourn; to impart gladnefs to the mourners of Sion ; to give to them a beauti • ful crown inftead of aflies, the cloathing of praife inftead of the fpirit of heavinefs.*] — '• and they fhaU be called trees of falvation, the plantation . • The paflage inclofed between hoolcs feems not to belong to this place, but to chapter xlix. See above, the firft note on that chapter. LXL ISAIAH. 133 4. plantation of Jehovah to be glorified. They fhall build up the ruins of old times ; they fhall raife up the ancient defolations ; and they fhall reftore the cities ruined and defolated 5. for many ages. Strangers fhall come, and feed your flocks ; and the fons of the alien fhall be your hufbandmen and vine-dreffers : 6. but ye fhail be called. The priefts of J s ho vah ; The minifters of God fhail be your title. The riches of the nations ye fhali eat ; and in their glory ye fliall make your boaft. ' 7. Inftead of your fhame, ye fliall receive a double inheritance; and of your ignominy, ye fhall rejoice in their portion : for in their land a double fhare ye fliaU inherit ; and everlaft- 8. ing gladnefs ye fhali poffefs. Becaufe I Je hovah iove judgment, and hate rapine and iniquity; therefore I wifl give the reward of your work with faithfulnefs ; and an everlaft- 9. ing covenant I wifl make with you : and your feed fhali be illuftrious among the nations ; and your offspring in the midft of the peoples. Whoever fhali fee you ftiall acknowlege you, that ye are a feed which Jehovah hath bleffed. 10. I wiil greatly rejoice in Jehovah; my foui fhali exult in my God ; for he hath cloathed me with the garments of falvation ; he bath covered me with the mantle of joy : as the, bridegroom decketh himfelf with a prieftly crown ; and as the bride adorneth lierfelf with II. her coftly jewelsi. Surely, as the earth pufheth forth her tender fhoots ; and as a garden maketh her feed to germinate : fo fhail Jeho vah caufe falvation to fpring forth ; and praife I 3 'o 134 ISAI A H. CHAP. I . iri the prefence of aU the nations'. For Sion's ^^^^r fake I will not keep filence ; and for Jerufa^ lem's fake I wiU not reft : until her profperity break forth as a ftrong light; and her falva- 2. tion as a blazing torch. The natioris; fh^i fee thy profperity ; and all the kings thy glory : and thou fhalt be called by a new na:me, -whicIi, the mouth, of Jehovah fhaU fix upOiv thee; 3. and thou flialt be a beautiful crown in the hand of Jehovah ; and a royal diadem in the 4. grafp of thy God. It fhafl no more be faid to thee, " Thou forfaken 1" Nor to thy land fliall it be faid any more, " Thou defolate !" But thou flialt be cafled, 'f The' delight of Jehovah ;" and thy land, *? The wedded iriatron :" for Jehovah fliafl delight inthes; 5. and thy land, fhafl be joined in marriage. For as a young man marrieth a virgin, fo fliafl thy reftorer ¦ 'Urtarry thee : and as the bridegroom - rejoiceth in his bride, fo -fhall thy God rejoice 6. in dieej Upon thy walls, O Jerufalem, I have fet watchmen; by day or by night they fhaU, 7. never be- fileiit., Keepnotfildnce' yourfelves, nor let him- reft in -filence; untfl he eftabflfli, atid until he render Jerufalem a praifd-'in the 8. whole earth. Jehovah hath fworn by his right-hand, and by his powerful arm : " I will no more give thy corn for food to thy ' enemies ; nor fhall the ftrangers drink thy 9. muft for which thou haft laboured : but they who reap the harveft fhall eat it, and praife Jehovah; and they who gather the vintage 10. fhall- drink it in my facred courts." Pafs ye; pafs through the gates ; prepare tht -way for the people of Jehovah. Caft ye up, caft up. the cauffey ; clear it from the ftones ; lift up II. a fignal to the nations. Behold, Jehovah ' - hath; ISAIAH. H§ hath thus proclaimed to the end of the earth ; " Say ye to the daughter of Sion ; Lo 1 thy Saviour cometh. Lo ! his reward is with him, to give to every man'according to his- work." And they fhafl be called, " The holy people, 12- thcredeemed of Jehovah ;" and thou fhajt be called, " The city much defired, and not for faken." ' ' S EIC T I ON LIIL I, Who is this coming' from Edom ? With CHAP, dyed garments froni .'Bofrah ? This, -who is LXIII. magnificent in his apparel ; conquering by the , greatnefs of his ftrength ? I the announcej* of mercy;, who -am mighty to fave. » • a. Wherefore is thy. apparel red, andthygarr' ments as of one who treadeth the- wine- vat ? 3. I have trodden the vat alone; and of the peoples there was not a man with me. And I trod them in Jtiy anger ; and I trampled theiti"- in my indignation : and their blood was fprin- < kled upon my .^garments ; and I have ftained 4. aU my .apparel. For the day of vengeance' was in- my heart ; and die year of my redeemed 5. was conrie- And I looked; and there was nor- one to 'hel^; and If was aftonifhed, that there was no-one to uphold: therefore my own arm wrought falvation for me; and my Iht^ 6. dignation itfelf fuftalned me. And' I trod down the pepples in my anger> and I crufhed them in my indignation; and I fpiiled theijr bjood upon the ground. , , > .Ji . ; I 4: SECTION is6 I S A 1 A H. SECTION LIV. 7. The mercies of Jehovah I will record, the praife of Jehovah ; according to ail Which Jehovah hath beftowed upon us; and the greatnefs of his goodnefs to the houfe of ifrael; which he hath beftowed Upon them, 8. through his tendernefs and great kindnefs : for he faid ; " Surely they are my people, children who wifl not be falfe ;" and he became their 9. faviour in afl their diftrefs. Not an envoy, nor an angel, but Jehovah himfelf faved them.: through his iove, and his indulgence, he hioi- feif redeemed them: and he took them up, 10. and he bare them, ali the days of old : but they rebelled, and grieved his holy fpirit; fo that he became their enemy, and hc fought II. againft them : and he remembered the days of old,. Mofes his fervant ; how he brought them up from the fea, with the fhepherd of his flock ; how he placed in his breaft his holy Ipirit : 12. making his glorious arm to attend Mofes on his right-hand in his march ; cleaving the wa ters before them, to make to himfelf a name 13. everiafting; leading them through the deep, as horfe through the defert, and they ftunfiblea 14. not. As cattle defcending into a valley, the fpirit of Jehovah caufed them to reft.. Thus leddeft thou, thy people to make to thyfelf a name Uiuf- 15. triouS. Look down from heaven, and fee from thy holy and glorious dwelling : Where is thy zeal, and thy mighty power; the yearning of . thy bowels, and thy tender affections ? Are 16, they reftrained from us ? Verily, thou art our father; for Abraham knoweth us not, and Ifrael doth not acknowfcge us. O Jehovah, our ISAI A H. 137 our father, deliver thou us : for we have long 17. been called by thy name. Wherefore, O Je hovah, fuffereft thou us to -err from thy ways, and to harden our liearts from the fear of thee ? Return for the fake of thy fervants ; for the 18. fake of the tribes of thy inheritance : that we may foon take poffeflion of thy holy moun tain. Our enemies have trodden down thy 19. fanftuary; and we are become as heretofore, when thou ruledft us not, and we were not .1. called by thy name. O ! that thou wouldft CH.AP. rend the heavens and defcend ; that the moun- ^^^ * • 2. tains might diffolve at thy prefence ! As the wax melteth before the fire ; fo the fire will confume thy adverfaries : That thy name may be known to thy enemies ; that the nations 3. may tremble at thy prefence. When thou didft wonderful things, which we expedted not ; rhou; didft defcendj and at thy prefence the 4. mountains were diffolved. Eye hath never feen, nor hath ear heard, nor hath the heart of man conceived, what things God hath pre- 5. pared for thofe who love him. Mercy, will meet thofe who work righteoufnefs ; and who in thy ways remember thee. Behold, thou art angry; for we have continually tranfgreffed them : 6. and we have been rebellious, and are all of us as a polluted thing; and, as a rejedted gar ment, are all our righteous adtions. We are withered away,, as a leaf, ali of us ; and our 7. fins, as the wind, have borne us "away. There h no-one who invoketh thy name; who roufeth up himfelf to lay hold of thee : there fore thou haft hidden thy face from us ;• and haft deUvered us into the hand of our iniqui- i. ties. But thou, O Jehovah, thou art our fa ther J we were clay, and thou haft formed us : we 138 I S A I A H. 9. we. are ali of us the. work of thy hands. Be not angry, O Jehovah, to the utmoft; nor for ever remember our iniquities. Behold, look upon us, O Jehovah;, for we are thy 10. people, aU of us. Thy holy cities are become a wildernefs ; Sion is become a wildernefs; j II.. Jerufalem is defolate. Our holy apd glorious temple, in which our fathers praifed thee, is deftroyed by fire : and all the objedts of our 12. defire are become a devaftation. Wilt thou contain thyfelf at thefe things, O Jehovak ; ¦wilt thou continue filent, and.ftfli grievoufly afflidl us ? :; SECTION LV. CHAP. I. I have been found by thofe .who fought mc ^^^' not ; I have anfwered thofe who afked me, not. I have faid; "Behold me, here I am;" to a a. nation which never invoked my name. I have ftretched Out my hands, all the day to a rebel lious people, walking in an evil way, aft^ 3. their own devices : a people, provoking me - to my face continually ; facrificing in gardens, 4. and burning incenfe on the tiles ; fleeping in fepuiclires and in caverns, that they mightt dream ; eating the flefh of fwine ; and the broth of abominable meats was in their veffels; 5. faying, " Stand by thyfelf, approach not to ine; for I am holier than thou." Thefe havp kindled ,a fmoke in mv noftrils, a fire burning afl the day. Behold, this is recorded, in writing before me: I will not continue filent, but 7. will certainly requite ; 1 will requite into their bofom their iniquities, and the itiiquities of their fathers together, faith« Jehovah ; who burned Isaiah. tjg " ' burned incenfe on the mountains, and-' dif- horioured me on the hills : yea, I will pour into their bofom the full meafure of their for- itier adtions. '' 8. Thus faith Jehovah : As when one findeth ' a good grape in the clufter, and faith, " De- . ' ftroy it not; for the bleffing of Jehovah is in it:" fo wifl I do for the fake of my fervants ; g'l I will not: deftroy the whole. I will bring forth the defcendent of Jacob and of Judah ; and he fhall poffefs my holy mountain : and my chofen "fhall poffefs it, and my fervants 10. fhafl dwell there. And Sharon fhall be a foltt for the flock, and the valley of Achor a refting for the herd; for my people who have fought J I. me. But ye who have deferted Jehovah ; and have forgotten rtiy holy mountain : who have fet in order a table for Gad, and poured out 12. a libation to Meni: you I will number to the fword, and afl of you fhall be cut off by a -n flaughteir ; becaufe I called,' and ye anfwered; • not ; I fpake, and ye would not hear; but ye ' did that which was evil in my fight ;'and that 13. in which I delighted not ye chofe. Wherefore thus faith Jehovah : Behold, my fervants fha,! eat, but ye fhall be famiflied; behold, my fervants fhall drink, but ye i fhafl be thirfty; behold, my fervants fhall rejoice, but ye fhafl 14.' be confounded ; behold, my fervants fhafl firig" for gladnefs of heart, but ye fhall cry for' grief of heart, and in the anguifli of a broken 15. fpirit ye fhail howl. And ye fhafl leave your name for a curfe to my chofen : andje hovah wriil- flay ypu ; and his fervants he will ca^l by y6. another name. Whoever - fhall . be bleffed in the iand fhail be bleffed by the true God ; and '"' "• whoever 140 ' ISAIAH. whoever fliall fwear in the land fliall fwear by the true God : becaufe the former provocations wifl be forgotten ; and becaufe they wiU be 17, hidden from my eyes. For behold, I create new heavens, and a new earth; and the for mer ones they fhall not remernber, nor fhsifl J 8. they come into their minds any more: but they fhafl rejoice and exult in the age to come, which I create ; for io 1 I create Jerufalem a fubjedl of joy, and my people of gladnefs; 19. and I wifl exult in Jerufalem, and rejoice in my people : and there fliall not be heard any more therein the voice of weeping, or the io. voice of a diftrefsful cry. No more fhaU there be an infant fhort-iived ; nor an old man who fliall not have fulfiUed his days : for he who Jhall die at a hundred years fliaU die a boy; and the finner who fhall die at a hundred years 21. fhafl ^ be deemed accuj-fed. And they fhafl build houfes, and fhall inhabit them; and they fhall plant vineyards, and Jhall eat the fruits of 42. them. They fhali not build, and another in habit ; they fhail not plant, and another eat : for as the days of a tree, fhali be the days of my people ; and they fhali wear out the works ij. of their own hands. My chofen fhali not la bour in vain ; nor fhafl they generate a fhort lived race : for they fhall be a feed bleffed of Jehovah ; they and their offspring with them : 44. and before they call I wifl anfwer ; they fliall 15. be yet fpeaking, and I fhafl have heard. The wolf and the iamb fhaU feed together ; and the lion fhall eat ftraw as the ox : but as for the ferpent, duft fhaU be his food. They fliall not hurt, nor fhall they deftroy in aU my holy mountain, faith Jehovah. SECTION ISAIAH. 'J4I SECTION LVI. I. Thus faith Jehovah: The heavens are CHAP. my throne, and the earth, is my foot-ftool; ^'^^-'• What houfe will ye build for me ? And 2. what is the place of my reft? For all thefe things my hand hath made, and all thefe things are mine, faith Jehovah : afid on whom Ihali I look, but on him who is humble, and of a contrite fpirit, and who revereth my 3. word ? But the wiclced who flayeth an ox is as if he killed a man ; who facrificeth a lamb as if he beheaded a dog; who maketh an obla tion as if he offered fwine's blood ; who burn eth incenfe as if he bleffed an idol. ^ As they themfelves have chofen their own ways, 4. and in their abominations they delight ; fo I will choofe their calamities; and what they dread I will bring upon them : becaufe I calledj and no-one anfwered ; I fpalce, and they would not hear ; and they have done that which was evfl in my fight; and that in which I delighted 5. not they have chofen. Hear the word of Jet. HOVAH, ye who revere his word : Say, " Ye are our brethren," to them wh6 hate you, and who thruft you out; that the name of Jeho- , VAH may be glorified: and your joy fhall be feen, -and they fhall be confounded. 6. A voice of tumult from the city! A voice from the temple! The voice of Jehovah, ren- - dering recompence to his enemies ! 7. Before fhe was in labour, fhe brought forth; before her pangs came, fhe was deUvered of a 8. male. Who hath heard fuch a thing; and who hath feen the like of thefe things ? Is a country 142 ISAIAH; country brought forth in one day ? Is a nation born in an inftant? For no fooner was Sion in labour, than fhe brought .forthher children. 9. "Shall I caufe to bring forth, and fhafl I not beget? faith. Jehovah. Shall I beget, and 10. fhall I reftrain the birth ? faith thy God. ^ Re joice with Jerufalem, and exult on her account,. II. all ye who love her; be exceedingly joyful with her, all ye who have mourned over her: ¦ 'that ye may fuck, and be fatisfied, frOm the 'breaft of her confolations ;. that^ ye may draw. forth the delicious nourifhiment from her abun- 12, dant ftores. For thus faith Jehovah: Be hold, I fpread over her profperity, as the great river; and as the ovetflo.wing river, the wealth of the nations : and your children fhall be carried on the fhoulder; and on the knees '13. they Ihall be dandled. As one whom his mo ther comforteth, fo wifl I comfort you : and 14. in Jerufalem ye fli*ll receive confolation : and ye flial fee it,- alid your' heart fhall rejoice ; and your bones fhkll fl6urifli as rhe green herb : -and the hand of Jehovah fhall be manifefted ']- to his fervants; but he will be moved with in- 1 5. dignation againft' his enemies. For behold 1 Jehovah fhall conKb, as afire; and his cha riot, as a. whirlwind : to render his -v'erigeance, 16. in fury, and his rebuke in flames of fife : for by fire v/ifl J t hovah execute judgment; and by his fword upon all flefh ; and many fhall be 17. the flain of Jehovah. ' They who fandlify and purify themfelves in the gardens, who in the porches eat fwine's flefli, and the abomination, and the mojfe; together they fliall perifli, faith 18. Jehovah. For I know their adtibiis and their ' devices : and L come to gather all nations agd tongues together ; and they fhafl come, and ftiall ISAIAH. 143 19. fhall fee my glory: and I will impart to them a fign ; and of thofe who efcape I wfll fend to the nations ; to Tarfliifli, Phul and Lud ; Me- fhech. Tubal and Javan, the far-diftant coafts ; to thofe who never heard my name, and who never faw my glory : and they fliall declare my 20. glory among the nations. And they fhail bring your brethren from all the nations for an oblation to Jehovah ; on horfes, and in lit ters, and in counes ; on mules, and on dro medaries ; to my holy city Jerufalem, faith Jehovah : as the fons of Ifrael brought to i me the oblation with fongs to the houfe of \i Jehovah : and of them I will take for priefts, 22. and for levites, faith Jehovah. For as the new heavens and the new earth, which 1 make, will continue before, me, faith Jehovah ; fo fhall continue your feed, and your name: 23. and from new-moon to new-moon, and from fabbath to fabbath, all flefh fhall come to wor fhip before me in Jerufalem, faith Jehovah. 24. And they fhafl go forth, and fhafl fee the car- eaffes of the men who rebelled againft me ; for their worm fhali not die, and their fire fhall not be quenched ; and they fhall be a fpedtacle to all flefli. NOTES ( ^^s ) NOTES ON ISAIAH. CHAP. L , 2. FOR Jehovah is fpeaking.] This is an ex act tranflation ofthe original; and this and the pre ceeding line are, I think, the words of God him felf, and not, as bifhop Lowth fuppofeth, of the prophet, as herald, or officer to proclaim the fum mons to the court, calling on ali created beings, celeftial and terreftrial to attend. The Englifh tranflation is, " For the Lord hath fpoken;" but, as the Bifhop obferves, " there feems to be an im propriety in demanding attention to a fpeech already delivered." Bifliop Coverdale's vferfion in 1550 is not chargeable with this impropriety. It is thus, " For the Lord speaketh." Subfequent' tranfla tors have, on many occafions, very injudlcioufly va ried from this ancient verfion. . Ibid. I have begotten — ] Bifhop Lowth feems to prefer the reading ofthe lxx >r\ib> to the common reading 'n'jnj I have nourifhed; a word, as he ob ferves, little differing from the other: but he hath not adopted it in his tranflation. i. think it to be clearly right ; and fytvi/inras is proved to be the ge nuine verfion of the lxx by Tertulhan, who in many parts of his writings p. 130. 185. 400. 404. 472. cites the Old Latin verfion Gewui. See alfo Cy prian. T. p. 21. 143. 227. Edit. Fefl. p. 206. 260. 276. CCXLIII. Edit. Baluz, and Ladlantius. iv. II. 12; and fee many fimilar exprefllons col ledled, and the reafon of them expiaiijed in Dr. Taylor's Key, No. 17 — 24. 99-ri05, ¦ , K 3. The 146 NOTES 3. The Old Latin verfion confirms both the Bi fhop's corredtions. See Tertullian, p. 400. A. 441. B. 479. A. Ladtantius, iv. 11. 12. 4. AH, finful nation 1 ] I take thefe to be the words of the prophet, by which he expr^ffeth his indignation at the folly and wickednefs of his countrymen. The words us and we in the ninth verfe fhew plainly that that verfe could not be uttered by the prophet in the name of God ; but it, and the five preceeding. verfes may very properly be confidered as uttered by him in his own per fon. Ibid. Ye have &c.] lxx, Syr. and Arab, have the verbs in the fecond perfon, which they connedt by the copulative and; and they are confirmed by the Old Latin verfion preferved in Tertulhan, p. 186. A. 400. A: The two Hebrew words which bifhop Lowth renders, " They are eftranged from him ; they have turned their backs upon him," are not rendered by the lxx or Arabic, and feem to be an interpolation. See Theol. Repof. v. 322. 5. Why will ye ftfll turn afide? Why will ye repeat revolt ?] It is ingenioufly conjedlured in the Theol Repos. v. 323, that for iDn we ought to read mn. This conjedlure is probably right, and affords a better and more natural fenfe than the common reading; and it feems to me that the verfion of the lxx was conformable to the propofed reading, and that for TtXnynn they originally 'gave a word formed from 7r>^«yiow or TrXayia^o. See Ifa. xxix. 2 1 . and Ezek. xiv. 5 in lxx. It is certainly much more proper to fay, " Why fliould ye ftiU turn afide, adding iniquity," than to fay, " Why fhould' ye flnll be fmitten, adding iniquity?" The bifhop's criticifm on the -word n-iD, is certa'inly in- defenfible, " As, faith he, from yT, nyi, know lege; from n^', n*"i»> counfel; from ja-, mm, fleep, On I S'A 1 A M. 14^ &c. fo from ID' is regularly derived n'lD; cor redlion." But this argument from analogy can have no weight, if it be, confidered, that the noun from ¦)?' is -iD:a, v/hich often occurs, and that n"^o as deri-v'ed from -iid, which fignifies, to turn (fide from the right path, is alfo frequently found. 7. by the defolation of foreign nations.] It feems clear from the verfion of the lxx utto Aaco)» aXAoTjiui/, which is confirmed by the Old Latin in ferted in Tertullian, p. 185. D. 198. C. and Cy- priaij. T. p. 22. Edit. Fell. p. 278. Edit. Baluz. that anr is corrupted from cnnj, and that the word nans: is loft from the text. See Exod. xxi. 8. The firft letter in n^DnoD fliould be 3. The ninth verfe feems to prove that this and the next verfe contain a defcription of the ftate of the country, and nota prophecy of it's future condition. The firft £3 -r ought perhaps to be t=i::i'~\-ii. See Juftin, p. 7 1, who affords fome reafon for thinking that the ge nuine verfion of the LXX is 01 I^^Opoi v^m. 8. -— as a defolated city.] See Theol. Repof 9. Jehovah, God of hofts — |— ] I think that bp. Lowth is right in confidering this title of God nin', riN^s, Jehovah of hofts, as an efliptical expreffion for nix3K'n%v nins Jehovah, God of hofts. See Kennicott, State ofthe Hebrew text. i. 525. and Sermon on Ifaiah vii. 1 3 — 16. p. 6g, 7 he Vulgate in Ifaiah i. 24. vi. 3. and xxviii. 29. hath Dominus, Deus exercituiim, though the -word .: is not now in the original in thofe places. Grotius on I Sam. i. 18-. obferves, '' In Heb. riiNas mn'; at plus videtur fuiffe in codicibus aliis. Nam lxx ver- tunt }tu|i£ fXwE o-aSGatdS." St. Paul iri Rom. ix. 29. citing this verfe of Ifaiah follows the lxx, and reads .Kufio? a-^SauOy without ©ss? ; and in the Greek lan guage the expreffion is unexceptionable, xufio? not K 2 being 148 NOTES being a proper name. Lord of hofts, for the fame reafon, is proper in our language; but if we retain the name Jehovah, it is irnproperto fay Jehovah of Hofts. " The title of Jehovah, or Lord of hofts, or fabaoth, faith Mr. Farmer on Miracles, p. 338, does not denote the god of battle, as thofe aflert it does, who would degrade the God of Ifrael to a level with |:he heathen god of war, whofe pe culiar province it was to prefide over battles. This very rnagnificent title is given to God on account. ofhis being the creator and fovereign of all other beings ; the monarch, not of fome particular people and province, but ofthe whole univerfe." Ibid. a feed.] Heb. '^>'^\\D ; but lxx, Vulg. and St. Paul, Rom. ix. 29. feem to prove yit to be the true reading. The- letters f and v are often changed. See Cappel. Critic. Sacra, p. 244, 245. ibid. and we had been like to Gomorrah.] The conjundlion is added in many MSS, as well as in the ancient verfions. 10. of God.] Heb. &c. — of our God. But Lxx and Arab, omit the pronoun; and rightly, I think. J 2. at your hands.] L-.xx Ek twi/ j^f ijswk \)^uv. rD3Ta fliould be cdS'TD. 13. Tread my courts no more ] Dr. Kenni cott in his Diff. Gen. fedl. 165. concurs with the bifliop in approving the verfion of the txx. See Dr. Blayney on Jer. xv. i, where the expreffion is very fimflar. 14. 1-- — ] Heb. '-itin^, my foul, i. e. I. See my notes on LIU. 10.12. 1 5. When ye fpread forth your hands.] See Blay ney on Jer. iv. 3 1 . 16. See Theol. Repos. v. 327, One MS, No. 25 hath t=)i'VyD ; and feveral MSS. have nfm. 17. Vifsn On isaiah. 149 17. vion nu;N. In rendering this obfcure phrafe, I think it fafeft to follow the lxx, whofe verfion is, Pu(r«(7.9-£ otSMSfjiiivov. Bifliop Lowth follows Bochart, and renders it, " Amend that which is corrupted," though he is not perfedlly fatisfied with his explica tion of it. It is probable that fion fhould be Dion, as in Pf lxxi. 4. Vf^m ought to be DQin, y et d in ter fe permutatis, faith Buxtorf in Lex. , See note on Prov. xxvi. 6. in Commentaries and Effays, i. 385; and Cappel, Crit. Sacra, p. ,244, 245. 18. and let us fettle the affair.] Dr. Tay lor in liis Concordance, R. ns', gives this as the true fenfe of the original nnaiii in this place, which is, I think, well fupported by him. This fenfe is more fultable to the context than the tranflation in the Englifh bible, " and let us reafon together," or that given by bifhop Lowth, " and let us plead to gether;" and it is more agreeable to the verfion of the LXX, which according to the Vatican MS. is Ji£X£yj^OMju.£i/, and according to the Alexandrian MS. and the Complutenfe edition xai StiXsyy^^iniiJi.iv, from hiXiyyja, not from SiOiMyoiAxi. See their verfion ih Gen. xxxi. 37 ; and alfo in Job ix. 33. in the Alex andrian MS. It muft be obferved, that the London Polyglot and L. Bos mifreprefent the reading of the Alexandrian MS, but that in Dr. Grabe's edition it is printed as above given. See Wotton's note on Clemens R. c. 8. in p. 37. Ibid. And though they be red ] For the fe cond ax many copies have nxi, and the lxx have locv . AE. 20. • fhall devour you.] The lxx and Vulgate feem to be fufficient authorities for read ing aa^DND inftead of i^D^n. They are confirm ed by the Old Latin verfion in Tertulhan; p. 41 1 . A. and Cyprian, p. 319. Edit. Baluz. - K 3 Ibid. I50 NOTES Ibid. — —. hath pronounced it.] The lxx have fXaAno-E TATTA, and feem to have read .p«t after im ; and with them agrees the Old Latip verfion. See Cyprian, p. 39. Edit. ^aluz. and Novatian, c, vi. p. 43. See xxi. 17. xxii. " 5- iviii. 14, Micah iv. 4. 21. Sion, who was fufl of judgment.] The verfiori of the LXX is Htm ¦a-Xufni? >fgio-£w;, which feems to be right. This and the two foUowing verfes are the words of the prophet. ' 24. THEREFORE thus faith — ' ] np,^ thus, ought to be added after \ob, as it is found in X.. 24. xxxvii. 33. lxv. 13. and in many places in Jeremiah. The lxx have, AiaraTo TAAE. In Ifaiah xlix. 5. the fame word hd is loft froni the text; but it is there fupplied by eight MSS. ag wefl as by the lxx, Syr. and Vulg. See the bifhop's jiote, Ibid, -TT : — the Sovereign Lord.] In the ori-* ginal it is jn^n, which the lxx here, and in iii. 1 . and X. 33. have rendered 0 Aso-TroTiij, i. e. the So- vereigiri Lord, or the fupreme gove'rnour. See Dr. Clarke's Scripture-dodtrine, No. 15, 407*. 411, 420. and Anfwer to Nelfon. p. 109. andLindfey's Sequel. 183. 364. Ibid. Alas ! O ye mighty ones of Jerufalem.] I here foflow the order of'the lxx ; and think that the Alexandrian MS. is right in having Jerufalem inftead of Ifrael, as it is favoured by the Chaldee, and as the reading of the MS. is more fuitable, to the three next verfes, and efpecially to the 26th verfe, . " And afterwards thou [i.e. Jerufalem] fhalt be called The city of righteoufnefs. The faithful metropolis." See note on lii. 9. Ibid. I will not fuffer my indignation againft my fidverfaries to reft.] Heb. 'ixo tnnjx: which bifhop J-;0-vvth renders, '* I wiU be eafed of my adyerfaries." It On isaiah. 151 It is not probable that two words fo fimilar in found and fenfe, as tanJK and nopiK fhould be ufed to gether. The verfion of the lxx is thus, » Troiva-irai y«j ftis 0 Guftoj 611 Toif uTrEVflsi/TioE?; and we may be fa tisfied from their verfion that the true reading is, nsn 'non n>iH ab, non requiefcere faciam indignatio- nem meam contra adverfaries meos ; or, in more exadl conformity with the]LXX, nv3 >nDn nun n"?, non re-' quiefcet indignatio mea contra adverfarios meos. See Ezek. xvi. 42. So will I make my fury towards thee (l^) to reft. See alfo Ezek. v. 13. and xxiv. 13, which, according to Dr. Taylor, ought to be ren dered in Uke manner.' Concord. R. ni3. Intro dudlion. ix. 25. in the furnace— — ] The con jedlure of Dr. Durefl, and archbifhop, Secker, who would read 133 for -)3d, is confirmed by MS. No. '^S2y which hath "inn, and by the various readings in'' No. 288, the edition of J. H. Michaelis, which have 133, It is obfervable, that MS. No. i. in Ezek. xxii. 18, 20, 42. had at firft in three times inftead of 113. The tranflation of this verfe, which I have given from bifhop Lowth, is .ftrongly confirmed by Jer. vi. 27 — ^o. and Ezek. xxii. 18 — 22. See Dr. Blayney on Jeremiah, and bifhop Newcome on Ezekiel. 27. And her captives in mercy.] The Englifh bi ble hath " her converts," nau; being confidered as derived from nity, which fignifies, to return. I fol low bifliop Lowth, who derives the word from nna-, which fignifies, to take captive. This fenfe is fol lowed by the lxx, whole verfion is, u on^j^^fAaAuirifl; a.wn<;. I think that Sion ought to be joined with this verfe, as it is in Syr. Chald. and Vulg. As to i^\i^)f2 rendered by the lxx f*£T« £A£7ifiio(ruv»jf and by the other Greek tranflators ^.irot. (S'lKaiotrui/Ji?, fee Tay lor's Key, chap. xvi. K 4 28. iSi NOTES 28. — . fiiaU be broken — ^'] For I3tyi the LXX read iiai^Ji, which they render kosi s-ut/T^iSno-ovTon, as in Ifaial\ viii. 15. and xxviii. 13. The bifliop's verfion is, " but deftrudlion fliall fall on ;" but as there is nothing in the Hebrew anfwering to the words " fliall fafl on" the reading followed by the LXX feems to be right. 2 1 . a blaze.] This feems to be a much more proper tranflation than the bifhop's, " a fpark of fire." See Dr. Taylor's Concord. R. 1 133. 1854, Jrie explains the prophet thus ; " The ftrong man, who thinks himfelf firmly eftablifhed, and proof againft all events, fhall, in the day of God's ven geance, be for, or become, flax, and his idola-, troys -work, the very means by which he interided to fecure himfelf, fhafl be for, fhali become {i. e. Jhall break out into) a bia?;?? ?nd they fhall both burn together, &e." CHAP. II. Bifhop Lowth, in his introdudlion to his notes on the fecond, third, and fourth chapters, faith, " That the whole third chapter, with tr.e firft verfe of the fourth, is a prophecy ofthe calamities ofthe Baby lonian invafion and captivity, with a particular am plification ofthe diftrefs of the proud and luxurious daughter? of Sion, and that the fecond, third, fourth, fifth, and fixtb verfes of the fourth chapter promife to the remnant, which fhall have efcaped this fevere purgation, a future reftoration to the protedlion of God." He endeavours to afcertain the time ofthe delivery of the prophecy ; and for that purpofe he obferves, " That this prophecy was probably de livered in the time of Jotham, or perhaps in that of y^ziah; as Ifaiah is faid to have prophecied inhi§ reign; On I S a I a H, 153 reign ; to which time not any Of his prophecies is fo applicable as that of thefe chapters : that the fe venth verfe of the fecond, and the latter part of the third chapter plainly point out times in which riches abounded, and luxury and delicacy prevailed ; that plenty of filver and gold could only arife from their commerce, particularly from that part of it, which was carried on by the Red fea ; and that this cir cumftance feems to confine the prophecy within the limits above mentioned, while the port of Elath was in their hands, which was loft under Ahaz, and never recovered." The learned bifhop farther declares it to be his opinion, " That from the fixdi verfe to the end of the fecond chapter, is foretold the pu nifhment of the unbeUeving Jews for their idolatrous pradlices, their confidence in their own ftrength, and diftruft -of God's protedlion; and moreover the deftrudlion of idolatry, in confequence of the eftablijh- ment of Meffiah's kingdom." It feems to me, that thefe three chapters are altoge ther prophetical, and relate entirely to the times ofthe Meffiah, to the war with the Romans, and the de ftrudlion of Jerufalem by Titus, and to other fads and events connedled with thefe. The four, firft verfes of the fecond chapter certainly relate to the times of the Meffiah ; and the remaining part of that chapter, and the whole third chapter, and the firft verfe ofthe fourth, are fo connedled with the begin nirig of the fecond, that it is moft na':ural to under ftand them as relating to the fame times ; and the fecond verfe of the fourth chapter, in which the pro phet ufeth the words, tn that day, fo often ufed by him in the fecond and third chapters, feems de- cifively to prove this to be the true interpretation. Other ftrong reafons for this opinion wifl appear in the notes. 154 NOTES 2. In the latter days ] This expreffion-, according to Dr. Lightfoot ii. 1043, io74> is, in moft places of fcripture, to be underftood of the laft days of Jerufalem and the Jewifh ftate. But in many places they certainly mean the days of the Mefliah, i. e. the times fubfequent to his birth. See Peirce and Sykes on Heb. i. 2. and Mede as cited by them. Ibid. The mountain of Jehovah fhali be con fpicuous ; yea, the houfe of God on the fummit of the mountains.] I here follow the lxx, and the Old Latin preferved in Tertulhan, p. 186. B. 409. D. 464. D. and in Cyprian, p. 142. 292. Edit. Baluz. See the 2d. note on the next verfe. Ibid. — '¦ fhaU come ] The word in the Hebrew is nrai, which here and in Jer. xxxi. 12. is tranflated by the lxx u^bo-iv, fhall come ; and, as the image is of a high mountain, it is much more proper to fay, that all nations fliall come to it, than that they fhall flow to it. In the Old Latin verfion, preferved by Tertullian, p. 186. 409, the word is venient ; and in Micah iv. i . the fame Hebrew word is tranflated (77r£ua-8(r» by the lxx, and in Jer. li. 44, ewx^^ua-i. Bifhop Lowth obferves, that, inftead of all the nations, Micah hath only peoples, where the Syriac hath all peoples, as, faith he, probably it ought to be. He could not at the time of pub lifh ing his book inform his readers, that four, if not five, Hebrew MSS. have in Micah all peoples. See Dr. Kennicott's bible. 3. And many peoples.] Bifhop Lowth and Dr. Kennicott frequently ufe the word peoples; and I think the ufe of it abfolutely neceffary for prevent ing miftakes. It is ufed in our prefent Bible in Rev. X. II. xvii. 15. liaid. — and to the Houfe.] Many MSS. and editions have ^nu and they are confirmed by lxx and On isaiah. 155 and other ancient verfions. This reading is a ftrong confirmation ofthe verfion of the lxx in the begin ning of the fecond verfe. 5. O HOUSE of Jacob, come ye, and let us walk in the light of of Jehovah !] In thefe words the prophet, as if living soon after the time OF Christ, calls on his countrymen of that time, and exhorts them to attend with him to the in- flrudlions and difcoveries, which God had graci oufly afforded to them by his fervant the Meffiah; and then in the four following verfes he addreffeth himfelf to God, defcribing the wretched and aban doned condition of the men of that time*. 6. — more than the eaft.] The word in the original is canpo, which may be rendered more than the eaft, or from the eaft. Bifliop Lowth hath made choice of the latter fenfe. I prefer the former. This verfe favours my interpretation of this and the two next chapters ; for the Jews feem to have been more addidled to divination and other fimilar foUies about the time of Chrift, than at any other time. See Jofephus |)affim ; and Lightfoot's Fall of Je rufalem. Sedl. ix. vol. i. p. 371. 7. And their land is filled with filver and gold; and there is no end to their treafures.] The, jews were a rich people before, and at the time of the conqueft of them by Titus. " At this time, faith Jofephus De B. J. vi, c.^. § 2. tlie treafury-cham- bers were burnt, where was an immenfe quandty of money, and an immenfe number of garments, with other precious things." Titus, after the burn ing of the temple, in anfwer to a petition of Simon and John, the two great leaders ofthe fadlions in Jerufalem, mentions the great wealth of the Jews. « We • Since the firft edition of thefe notes I have found that the remarks cf Eufebius in his commentary favour the reprefenta tion above given. 156 NOTES' " We have given you leave, faith he, to colledl the tribute which you pay to God, together with afl fuch other gifts as are dedicated to him. Nor have we called thofe to account, -wfho carried fuch (Jona- ticns,' nor given them any obftrudlion : tifl at length you became richer than ourfelves, even when you were our enemies ; and you have made prepara tions for the war againft us with our own money." Jofephus De B. J. vi. c. 6. § 2. Many other paf fages to this purpofe might be cited from Jofephus. 8. And their land is fifled with idols.] See alfo ver. 18. and 20. It is commonly fuppofed, thatthe Jews, from their return from the Babylonifh capti vity, were free from idolatry. Many writers of grefit diftindlion have adopted this opinion. It wili be fufficient to cite two or three of the moft modern. Dr. Taylor, in his Scheme of fcripture-divinity, (chap, xxxvii. p. 368.) afferts, " That, after the Babylonifh captivity, the jews no more lapfed into idolatry, but remained fteady in the acknowledg ment and worfhip ofthe one living and true God." Mr Evanfon, in his Letter to bifhop Hurd (p. 115, 116.), is very explicit on the fubjedl. " From the Babylonifh captivity to the prefent hour, faith he, the Jews have not only fhewn no inclination to, but conftandy manifefted the utmoft abhorrence from idolatry of every kind." Bifhop Law, in his Con- derations, (p. 92. 5th edit.) expreffeth his opinion in the following manner. " The laft great captivity in Babylon, faith he, feems to have quite cured them (the Jews) of their favourite, predominant vice, idol atry ; to which they had been before fo unaccount ably addidled." Dr. Lardner, having, in the firft volume ofhis Jewifh and Heathen teftimonies to, the truth of the Chriftian religion, treated largely con cerning the Jewifh war, and the deftrudtion of their. city and temple by the Romans, faith, (p. 282, 283.} " If On isaiah. 157 " If now -we afk. Why has the Lord done thus to this land and people, and to this houfe : It cannot be faid, Becaufe they laid hold of other gods and worfhipped and ferved them. For after the return from the Babylonifh captivity, they were for the moft part free from idolatry, into which they had fo often relapfed before.' Nor are they now guilty of that fin, for which their difperfion fhould be continued. For fome while before the laft deftrudlion of Jerufa lem, they appear, from all accounts, to have been generally very zealous for the law of Mofes, and the rites ofit, and very diligent in their attendance on the temple at Jerufalem, to which they relbrted in great numbers from all parts of the world, where they inhabited, at the folemn feftivals : and where a large part of the nation was affembled to . keep thepaffover, when, the final overthrow befel tliem." But though thefe learned men*, after many others, have thus expreffed themfelves ; yet there is great reafon for differing in opinion from them. Our Saviour on three occafions (Matt. xii. 3(j.. xvi, 4- Mark viii. 38.) calls the Jews of his time an adul terous generation ; meaning, I think, thereby to, accufe them of idolatrous pradlices. He is under ftood in this fenfe by Wetftein, who in his note on Matt. xii. 39. thus remarks, i" Majores eorum, quoties a Deo recedentes idololatris fefe dediderunt, adulterium committere a prophetis dicunter, illis SIMILES ESSE ILLORUM POSTEROS ChRISTUS AF- FiRMAT." If at thofe times they deferved this cha radler, it is not to be imagined, but that they were at leaft as corrupt at the, tirne of the conqueft of them by the Romans. Jofephus may not perhap? exprefsly accufe them of idolatry in our Saviour's time, -* See alfo biftiop Newcome on Hof. Ii. 16. and xiv. 4. and Dr. Prieftley's Opinions concerning Chrift, iii. ^, 6. 50. . and Letters to the Jews, p. iz. 158 NOTES time, and afterwards to his own time ; but the ac count which he gives of them makes it highly pro bable that in thofe times they were much addidled to it ' Eleazar, faith he, the chief man among the Sicarii, was a defcendant of Judas, who had per fuaded npt a few of the Jews not to enroll them felves when Cyrenius the cenfor was fent into Judsea. For then the Sicarii confpired againft all who were willing to fubmit to the Romans. They treated afl fuch as enemies: affirming that they were no better than ftrangers, fince they furrendered to the Romans thofe privileges of their nation, which ought to be precious to all Jews. But all this was mere pretence, and given out with no other view than to cover their cruelty and avarice. > That -was indeed a time fruitful of ali forts of wic kednefs among the ]e-vrs ; fo that no evii whatever Was left unpradtifed. It is impoffible for' man to contrive -any new wickednefs, which was not then committed. All were corrupt in their private and public charadler. They ftrove to exceed each other in impiety toward God (ev te tou? *-pof rott &iov ot,John demonftrated by his adlions that thefe were more moderate than he was. For he hot only put to death thofe who re commended right meafures to him, but treated thera as his greateft enemies among the citizens. He moreover oppreffed his country with ten thoufand inftances of wickednefs ; fuch as a man already har dened in impiety toward God would naturally do, (o7ro;a 7rp«^£iv i[s,£\hiv fefOpwirof n^n Jiai tov ©eoi/ oitretav TireX^riyM-) For the table which he kept was fup plied On I S a I a H. »59 plied with unlawful meat, (Tf«ir£^av n yaj wGeo-iiao* •»-«g£Ti6£To,) and he difregarded the purificadons pre fcrlbed by the laws of his country. It was not therefore wonderful, that he, who was fo mad in impiety againft God, (o t»i; Trpof ®tov ao-fSEi*? htu >taT»- jMoimg,) obferved not any rules of gendenefs and common affedlion toward men. Again, what wic kednefs did not Simon the fon of Gioras commit ? and how injurioufly did he- treat the bodies of thofe freemen, to whom he owed liis power ?-^The men called zealots exceeded all in wickednefs, and proved by their adlions, that they were rightly fo deno minated." De Bel. Jud. lib. vii. c. 8. § i. In another part of his hiftory he informs his readers, " That the zealots trampled under foot afl laws di vine and human, made a jeft of their own facred books, and derided the writings ofthe prophets." Lib. iv. c. 6. § 3. Orobio, the learned Jew, with whom Mr. Lim- borch had a controverfy, admits, that very many Jews after the Babylonifh captivity have been guilty of idolatry in imitation ofthe Greeks and Romans, and other nations, and appeals on the occafion to ancient Jewifh hiftories. " Necjudsi, faith he, in fecundo templo omnino ab idololatria fuerunt im- munes : verum quidem eft, quod non fuit publice, neque a fuperioribus permiffa; tamen plurimi ex Judsis Gentiiium, Grsecorun aC Roinanorum fuper- ftitiones amplexi fuerunt ; adeo ut Antiochi tempore gymnafia peterent, in quibus de cultu idololatrico edocerentur : ac fe prseputiare, conabantur, ut refert Jofephus, et adhuc Pauli tempore in ufu habebant. Nequp in primo et fecundo templo deficerent theo- logi, qui fuis diftindtionibus probarent, talem cul- tum non effe contra legem Dei, ut nunc etiam pon- tificii contendunt contra reformatos. Hac arte falle- bantup incauti Judaei, qui etiam poft Chrifti mortem idem i6o NOTES idem crimen committebant, non omnes, sed plu rimi, ut antique noftrse enarrant hiftorise." Philip, a Limborch De Veritat. Relig. Chriftianse Amica Collat. cum Erudito Judseo. p. loi. edit. 16S7. I add, that from St. Paul's admonition to the Colof- fians, (n. 18.) we have the greateft reafon to be lieve, that the worfhip of angels, which is one fpecies of idolatry, prevailed much among the Jews. See Peirce and Wetfiein on the place ; Mi- chaelis's Introdudlory Ledlures. Sedl. cxxii — cxxv; and Dr. Prieftley's Influence of Phiiofpphy on Chrif tianlty. p. 332 — 336. " Many eminent phflofo- phers, faith Mr. Farmer on Idolatry, Pref. p. xvi, xvii, and Plato in particular, had taught feveral centuries before the coming of Chrift, that all in tercourfe between the celeftial Gods and men on earth was carried on by the mediation of demons, who, on that account, were to be worfhipped and invoked. This dodlrine was in fuch high reputa tion, when the gofpel was firft publifhed, that it was generally received by the devout pagans, and EVEN BY MANY LEARNED JEWS, who afcribed tO angels (that is, to fuch human fpirits as, in their opinion, became angels*) the fame offices which the heathens did to demons f ." The fame learned author, in his Differtation on Miracles, p. 102, 103, fupplies us with additional evidence on the point. " Concerning the Jews themfelves, faith he, EVEN AFTER THEIR RETURN FROM THEIR CAPTI VITY AT BABYLON, whcH they are generally fup pofed to be entirely cured of their fondnefs for idol atry, we are told, tha;t on the day of expiation they offered a goat to Sdffimael or Satan, that he might not accufe them of their crimes before God, becaufe they * See Farmer on Mir. p. 181. f Whitby on Colof. ii. 18. On ISAIAH. t6i they believed him to have the power Of doing it*." If ali thefe things be duly confidered, it wifl, I think, appear to be extremely probable, that very many zealous Jews in and after the time of Chjrift kepe in their houfes Idols'of human fhape and of different fjzes, v/hich they ufed for idolatrous and fuperftitious purpofes; particularly for divination, and as oracles, which they coilfulted for diredlion in their affairs; See bifhop Lo-vi'th's note. Thefe later Jews did not renounce the worfliip ofthe true God; but with the worfhip of him they impioufly joined the worfhip of Other gods. Many of their anceftors had been guilty ofthe fame abfurd condudl. See bilhop Law's Con- fiderations, p. 92. 5th edit. " When they had flain their children to their idols, faith God in Ezekiel, xxiii. 3:^, then they came the fame day into rny fanc- tuary to profane it." More evidence might be ad duced in fupport of the opinion, which I efpoufe ; but I forbear, that this note may not be protradled to an immoderate length. See note on lxv. 1 1 . 9. And thou wflt not forgive them.] So bifhop Lowth rightly renders. The Englifh verfion is, " Therefore forgive them not;" which is the true .meaning of the prefent Hebrew, Hii'n bm^ but bnt ought to be ^';i, as it is in MS. No. 30. .confirmed by LXX and Chald. 10. GO ye into the rocks, and hide yourfelves in the earth.] I think it clear, that this verfe, and the re- rnainder of this chapter, and alfo the t-wo next chap ters, are to be confidered as the words of God himfelf* The beginning ofthe third chapter is manifeftly con^ hedted with the twenty- firft verfe of this, and the fourth verfe of the third muft be the words of God, it being * See Buxtotf *s Chald, Talmud; ahd Rab. Lexicon nn thef word Sammael, p. 149S' ^*<^ Bochart's Hiefozoic, 1. ii. c. i;4j p. 652- i62 . N O T E S being uttered in the firft perfon fingular in the ori ginal and in all the verfions. See alfo iii. 12. 14. 1 5. As to the rocks and caverns, &c. mentiojie4 in this, and the 19th and 21ft verfes, fee bifhop Lowth's note on the two laft of thefe verfes, Dr. Blayney on Jer. xUx. 8. and 2 Harmer 224. It ap^ pears by Jofephus, that, in the war with the Romans, many Jews hid themfelves in caverns. See De Vit. fea. 4. De Bello. Ub. in. c. 7. ^36. c. 8. §1. lib. vi. C. 7. § 3. c. g. § 4. lib. vii. c. 2. § i. c. 9. § I, 2: and fee Luke xxin. 30. Ibid. When he fliaU arife ] In the Hebrew it is iaip3, which is rightly rendered by the; lxx, orccv ccvot-^n, -and by the Afabic, cum ex^rget. Ibid. the land -] So pxn ought here to be rendered, and not the earth, as it is in the Englifli bible, and by bifhop Lowth; for the country of Judffa is certainly intended by the prophet. See Whitby on 2 Theff. ii. 3. (d) and 8. 1 T . bB'^ ought, as Dr. E)urell conjedlured, to be i^Eti' ; but the 1 ought to remain in ri'ii'i, as in ver. 1 7. In both thefe verfes the lxx have, KAI TK-n-En/wSiio-ETaii.. Two vaus concurring in the eleventh verfe, one was accidentally omitted. See alfo Chald. Syr. and Vulg. 12. See the note in Theol. Repof v. 338, 32<). It is probable that a fimilar miftake hadi happened in Job xxn. 12, which without fome alteration will afford no good fenfe. The laft word the i-xx ren der £T«7r£n/£oa-£, and they feem to have found non, and riot the prefent reading ion. If we adopt |he read ing of the LXX the verfe may be thus rendered, " Hath not God, who dwelleth inheaven, feen, and humbled thee the head of the ftars." , As to n^j^ orj as feveral M.'^S. have it, nnu, which with ira'O'iy is. rendered by the lxx 0 ra uvj^tiAa voum, fee Pf cxiu; 5. in Heb.' and lxx; and as to the words !i'f<"i cb 33n,, which the lxx render ra? uSjei (pipofAji/af, they fbem On ISAIAH. 163 feem to be ufed by Eliphaz in order to exprefs in an hyperbolical manner his opinion of ~the pride and arrogance of Job. See Ifa. xiv. 1 3, 14. .. Obad. 4. It is further obfervable that one M,S. No. 253, in ^yhjch are many important various readings, hath nm inftead of n«-ii. This verfe of Job thus cor redled wifl connedl well with the next verfe. " But rhou haft faid. How could God know? could he judge through the dark cloud ?" . 20. a man fhall abandon, &c.] The mean ing feems to be, that they would ejideavour to fe- ,cure themfelves by retiring among the rocks, leaving their houfes -syith their idols in them to be demolifhed by their enemies ; and that the idols, on whofe affiftance they had relied, would long remain am>on,g the ruins, the companions of the filthy ani mals, which frequent fuch places. This is Mr. Har mer's interpretation, which feems to be greatly pre ferable to bifliop Lowth's, who fuppofeth the pro phet to mean, that they would carry their idols with them into thp dark caverns, old ruins, or defolate places to which they would flee for refuge. The two words which are rendered in the Englifh bible and by bifliop Lowth, to the moles and to the bats, are rendered by the txx toi? fx,«raioi? kai r«i; i/ukte^kti. As the exadl meaning of the firft word is doubtful, I have taken the liberty to tranfpofe the words, and to render the firft- generally other vermin. See 2 Harmer, 455 — 457. Ibid. he fhafl have made^— ] ^m fhould perhaps be nw)}. The lxx in MS. Alex, have ttr.oiYKnv, and the Vulgate /ff^r^/. 2 i . In the Hebrew another verfe follo-Ws the twenty-firft; which in the Englifh bible is tranflated, " Ceafe ye fram man, whofe breath is in his noftrils : for wherein is lie to be accounted of?" and by bifliop Lowth, L 2 "^ Truft- 164 NOTES " Truft ye no more in man, whofe breath is in his noftrils ; For of what account is he to be- made ?" This verfe 1 have Omitted, thinking it to be an interpolation. *' It bears; faith the learned Dr. Owen,, no affinity to the context ; and, from the caft of it, one may venture to pronounce, th^tit was foifted jn by the Jews in derogation of the man Chrift Jefus. It is wanting in the lxx, and ftands excluded by crotchets in the Arabic verfion. Jerom, -who never fufpedled it's genuinenefs, owns however, that the Jews turned it from a prophecy, into a reproach of our Saviour. (Vide in loco.) But a prophecy it could never be : it is not of that ftrudlure. It is manifeftly a reproachful Jewifh infertion-: and Aquila knew perfedlly wefl, how to render it ac cording to the fenfe intended by it; which yet is no other than the ferife we ourfelves have given to it." Critical Difqulfitions, p. 40. See alfo Bos's hote. In faying that the verfe ftands excluded by crotchets in the Arabic verfion,. Dr. Owen hath ex preffed himfelf too ftrongly. The verfe, it is true, is Included in crotchets in that verfion in the London Polyglot ; but it is fo printed there, becaufe it is added in that edition from a MS. copy of that ver fion, and not by way of exclufion. Bifhop Walton in the Prolegomena xix. 2 1 . treating of the Arabic verfion, and of the MSS. from which it had been printed, faith ; " Prophetarum omnium liber MS. vetuftiflimus, quem academlas Oxonienfi inter alios iibros orientales legavit Jo. Seldenus-: verfio prse- ft'antiffima plerumque fequitur textum Hebraeum fl- lurhqtje exprimit, aliquando cum verfione lxx con cordat. Quicquid deerat ex hoc exemplari fup* plevimus et uncis inclufimus Guin his Uteris MS. Oxon," CHAP. On ISAIAH. 165 CHAP. III. 1. the Sovereign Lord.] Heb. pixn. ixx 0 AEfl-TroTuj. See my fecond note on i. 24. Ibid. The whole ftay of bread, and the whole ftay of water.] This prophecy was moft remarkably ful fiUed by the dreadful famine which prevaUed at Je rufalem, while it was befieged by the Romans, and of which Jofephus hath given a particular account in many parts of his hiftory. Having related that the three fadtions under Simon, Eleazer and John were reduced to two, by a union formed between the fe cond and third, he proceeds to fay, " Tliat before that union, while they were in three parties, they fet fire to .feveral ftore-houfes, which were full of corn and other provifions ; as if they had done it on purpofe to ferve the Romans, weakening their own ffrength, and deftroying provifions fufficient for a liege of rnany years, and that hereby a famine was occafioned, which could not have happened, if they had not in this manner brought ir on themfelves." Lib. V. c. i. § 4. And in a fpeech which he made to the Jews by order of Titus, he intreats them to iave themfelves, their temple and their country, and tells thepn, that they were fighting againft God. — " Moreover, faith he, thofe fprings, which were almoft dried up, when they were in your power, af ford plenty of water to Titus. For you know, that., before his coming, Siloam and all the other fprings about the city fo far failed, that water was fold by the pitcher: whereas they now produce to your enemies a quantity fufficient not only for themfelves, and their catde, but alfo for the gardens. The fame wonderful fign (Tijja?) you experienced former- ¦}y, whfn the king of Babylon made war againft us, L 3 who i5(5 NOTES who took this city and burnt the temple"; though the men of that time were not, I believe, fo impious as you, (h^ei/ ¦ oifA»t toiv ton •mo-eSuxotwi/ Tr,Ai3taTwu rikiv-o, vis.m.") Lib.'v. c. 9. § 4. Many other paffages rnight be cjted from Jofephus, in which he reprefents the extreme diftrefs to which the Jews at that time were' reduced by the famine : but thefe are fufficient for fhewing in how Uteral a fenfe this prophecy was nov/ fulfilled. God did indeed remove, fi-om Jeru falem and frbm Judah, the whole ftay of bread, and the whole ftay of water. " What Jofephus affirms, faith Dr. Jortini concerning this fountain, [Siloam] a!t the time, when Jerufalem was befieged bythe Ro mans, and which js alfo taken notice of by Bafnage, is extremely remarkable, and, fhould be added to what has been faid, vol. i. p. 40, concerning tlw wonders which happened at the deftrudtion of Jeru falem, and which fhewed that God had forfaken the Jews." Remarjcs on Ecclefiaftical Hiftory. U. 99. edit. 1752. 2— ,5. The accomplifhment of the particulars in thefe verfes may be fhewn from Jofephus. It is apparent from his whole hiftory of the war, that moft of the Jewifh leaders were weak ,and wicked beyond example. He alfo obferves, concerning fome of them, that they were young. " At the temple, faith he, (De B. J. u. c. 17. § 2.) Elea zar, fon of Ananias the prieft, a young m"an of a daring temper, and then governor, perfuaded thole who officiated in the divine fervice not to accept the gift or facrifice of a foreigner. This was the origin of the war with the Rom.ans. For thus they rejedted the facrifice of Csefar for them. And though many of the high-priefts and of the principal men of the nation earneftly intreated them not to omit the cuf tomary refpedl for their governors, they could not prev.ail," And again in the fifth book chap."i. | 2. " Eigazar, On I S A I A H. 167 ^* Eleazar, the fon jof Simon, faith Jofephus, who had firft feparated the zealots from the people, and carried them into the temple, as offended with the bold attempts of John, who did not ceafe from Ihed ding blood , but in ti-uth not enduring to be fubjedl to YOUNGER tyrants [or, as in fome copies, a YOUNGER tyrant] than himfelf, went off through a defire of fuperiority, and thirft for dominion." — Many inftances of great oppreffion. and cruelty to ward their countrymen, .and in ;partieular of the deftrudlion of meri of. rank and diftindtipn in the moft- wanton and brutal manner, may be feen col ledled firom Jofephus in Dr. Lardner's Jewifh and Heathen Teftimonies i. 8,3.. 84. 92. 95, 97. 98. 9 — II. Wo to them! becaufe they have devifed itvil againft themfelves, faying ; " iLet us deftroy the Juft One, for he is of no ufe to us." Therefore the ftuits of their aftions they fliall eat. Wo' to the finner !' Evil, according to the deferving of his hands, fhall be done to him.] This paffage is ma- .nifeftly corrupted in the Hebrew ; which bifho|> Lowth hath endeavoured to corredl by conjedlure. But he ought, I think, to have attended more to the verfion of the lxx, -which is Very remarlcable, and feems to give .the true mcania-)g of the pro phet. The copies of their verfion agree, almoft to a letter ; and they are confirmed in all the material parts by Juftin, p. 171, 420, 421, 427, 429, ex cept that,: inftead of IwoijAiv, let us bind, he infifts on it ftrorigly, that the true reading of the lxx is ci.^u[s.fv *, let us deftroy ; and this reading- hath alfo ¦jthe authority of Hegefippus apud .Eufeb. Eccles. Hift. ii. 23, Clemens, Ales. p. 713, 714, and Ter- L 4 tulUan * Pnilo hath, m'el^nnra^vi . h roo SiHccmt, on Juo-^fDros rifut sfi. Daniel fecundum lxx, Roma; 1772. p. 466. See alfo Wifd. II. 12. cited by Dr. Gwen, and in Cj'prian, sjo. Edit, .Baluz. and fee Gregenfius, fol, 47. a. i6S NOTES tulUan adv. Marcion, in. 22. p. 410. C. -who afl, as wefl as Juftin, ' Uved in the fecond century. In Tertullian the words are, *' Auferamus Juftum, quia inutilis eft nobis ;" which, it is probable, were taken by him from the Old' Latin verfion made from the Greek at the end of the firft or begirining of the fecond century. (£ee Dr. Kennicott's Diff. Gen. Sedl. 77. 79.^ Dr. Owen, in his Inquiry into the prefent ftate ofthe Septuagint verfion, p. 22. 63. 66, approves' of this reading, and thinks that the ancient Jews wilfully corrupted both the Greek and the Hebrew. It is remarkable, that in three places in the New Teftament in which the Jews are charged with putdng the Meffiah to death, he is charadterifed as the Juft One * : '? Ye denied, faith St. Peter, the * See Adls xxii. it— 16, where we are toldi that Ananias fame to Paul, and faid to him, " The God of our Fathers hath chofen thee that thou fliouldft know his will, and fee the ¦Juft One." See alfo Ifai. xli. 26. lvii. i. and z Sam. xxiii. 1 — 7. and Kennicott's Remarks thereon. Dr. Kennicott in his Diff Gen. Seft. ,65. and his Retnarks on Seledt Paffages, p. 186 — :i88. hath, I think, proved that in Pf. xxxiv. 2D and 21 the Meffiah is defcribedas -TH E JUST ONE. His arguments would be greatly ftrengthened, if it could be fhewn that He is defcribed in the fame manner in ver. 1 8, which is thus rendered by Dr. Kennicott," The [righteous] cry, and Jehovah hcareth : and delivereth therii out of all their troubles." .We may, I think, infer from the manner in which this verfe is cited in the Epiftle of Clemens R, c. 22. that the true tranf lation of it, is, " The Just One crieth, and Jehovah heareth him : a|id delivereth h;m out of all Hrs troubles." See Wotton's Edition of Clemens. This fenfe is in part con firmed by t\yo Hehrew MSS. 38 and 97, which for sr.-ni,', their troubles, have or had at firft rnns, his troubles. The variations between this verfe in Clemens, and the verfion ofthe LXX, as we now have it, are very remarkable and afford ground of fufpicion that their verfion hath been wilfully corrupted in the concludiug verfes ofthe Pfalm, efpecially as in the 22d. verfe it ftill hath 01 /y^io-am; TON AIKAION, the haters o/" the jus-r QNE. It ought further to be obferved, that Cleifeens feems, to confider the Pfalm as uttered in the name of the Meffiah. " ' ', ,' On I S a I a H. 1^9 the Holy and Juft One, (rov Aym x«i iuv.»m) and defired a murderer to be granted to you : and killed the prince (or leader, Afj(,»iyoK,) of life." Adts iii. 14, 15. " Which of the prophets, faith St. Ste phen, ha-ve not your fathers perfecuted ? And they have killed thofe who have foretold the coming of the Juft One, (t8 Atxasta,) of whom ye have been now the betrayers and murderers." Adls vii. 52. And St. James in his epiftle (v. 6.) faith, " Ye have condemned and-kiUed the Juft One, (rov Aixaiov.)" See epiftolasdus, p. 8. edit. 1721, and p. 462. edit. 1777. And, according to St. Luke (xxin. 18), the Jews, when they defired Pilate the Roman governor, to put our Saviour to death, made ufe ofthe pro phet's other expreflion, " and cried out ail at once, faying. Away with (or, destroy) this man, (AIPE mrov,) and releafe tp. us Barabbas." See alfo John xix. 15. The bifhop obferves, that the Vulgate and an ancient MS. read. in the fingular number "js.^', comedet, and he adopts this reading, whereby ano- 4ier alteration becomes neceffary. He accordingly changeth n3n''?,'i?:?D, their deeds into in''?VvD,.^/j deeds, for which there doth not appear to be any authority. It may be added in fupport of the common reading; that the expreffion is moft properly underftood as a threatening, as in Prov. i. 31. it is laid ofthe unwife, "That they fliall eat of the fruit of their own ways." The Hebrew in the laft of thefe fines is made a- greeable to the verfion of the lxx, by a very Irnall alteration; by reading "jidjd, inftead of ^ioj o ; and this alteration is greatly favoured by one MS. No. 245, which hath b-\n^o, with o prefixed, the laft letter of which word is on a raliore. A fimflar ex prefllon occurs in Judges ix. 1 6, " And have done unto him according to the deferving of his hands, ^lajD, which the lxx, according to the Alexandrian and Oxford MSS. and the Aldine and Complutenfe editions, tjo NOTES editions, relider xara trs oivrn'g'dSoi/iei, as here they ren der it x«T*f^y«. See alfo 2 Chron. xxxu. 25. The alterations made in this verfe are of great impor tance ; and are fupported by evidence, which, in my opinion,' is irrefiftabie. And being fo fupported, they ftrongly prove, that this chapter is not a pro- ' phecy of die calamities of the Babylonifli captivity. Ibid. to 4:hem ! ] Heb. cati'Di'?, to their .Joul, i. e. to them. The lxx have tir 4'uxi aurwi^; but Juftin in p. 41 9 hath eu»t ATTOIS. See my notes on i. 14. Uii. 10. 12. Ibid. he is of no ufe } This is the li teral meaning of the phrafe, rmb-sVs Init in many places it fignifies not only mt good, but hurtful, prejudicial, &c. See Taylor's Concord. R. 921. No. 2, 3. ' In like manner in the Greelc and Latin languages as^xgiioc, and inutilis denote not merely a perfon who is of no ufe, but one of a diredlly op pofite charadler. ¦ See Dr. Clarke on Iliad ii. 269. The LXX ufe the ^/ord ^uo-;;;^*!?*?. a 1 2. This verfe in the lxx and Arabic differs much from the bifhop's tranflation, which I follow, and which is favoured by the fotirdi verfe. As to r=yv% " it doth not, faith Dr. Biaypey on Lament, ii. 20, always fignify women properly fb called; as Ifaiah in. 12. xix. \6. (I think alfo, faith he, xxvii. ii.) Jer. 1. 37. U. 30. Nahum Ui. 13." 1 5. ye crufh J Lxx. uiixeni. Ibid. — . — grind ] Lxx. xaratio-p^uvsTe. 16. Thus faith Jehovah, God of hofts.] For 'n« in ver. 15. MS. No. s. hath a'^'?^<^, and the former word is omitted in MSS. No. 4 and 7U, and, as it feems, in Vulg. and Chald. >i'\n means my Lord ; and it- is highly probable, that it never ought to precede niN3K. See bifhop Lowth on vi. i. and lx. I. In ver. 15. nin' . is omitted in MS. No. i8o» and in ver. 16. the fame word is omitted in MS. No. 224. On isaiah. 171 No. 224. As there are thefe variations in the MSS. in the end of the 15th verfe, and the beginning of thje i,6tbj, and as the verfion of the lxx is TAAE Xiyu TGi^Pi, it is probable, that the true reading of the Hebrew is, ni>*32f 'nVx mn* -idk hd. The particle na, ibms, hath been omitted in other places, "^ee my firft note on i. 24. and biihop Lowth's on xlix. 5. Ibid. the daughters of Sion — — ] The caiafnities and s^ftreffes cf the women in Judsea, du- ring^thte war with the Romans, were uncommonly great, as . the. hiftory of Jofeplius in many piaces fliiews-. See- in particular the paffages cited from ham in. i Lardner's Jewifh and Heatlien teftimonies, p. to2, 1Q4; and fee Luke xxin, 28, 29. " Daugh ters of Jeru&lem,, faid our Saviour to the woinen who attended him to his crucifixion, weep not for me, .but weep for yourfelves, and for your children. Fob -behold, the days are coming, in which they will fay, Happy are the barren, and the wornbs which never bare, amd the breafts which' never gave fuck." Mxafes in. Deut. xxviii. 56, 57-. paints in ftrong colours the diftrefs to which the Jewifh wo men would be reduced by the Romans. " The eye ofthe tender and delicate womarc among, you, who would not adventure to fet the f ok of her foot upon tlie ground for delicaienefs and tendernefs, will be evil toward the hufband of her bofom, and toward her fon and coward her daughter : and fhe will boil that which cometh out from between her feet, even her children which fhe fhafl bear; for fhe wifl eat them for want of afl things fecretly." See 1 Ken nicott on Heb. Text 4 1 8 — 42 i . ly. Jehovah ] Many copies and the Chaldee paraphrafe have mn' inftead of 'Ji*<. The LXX have 0 ©£o? ; and fo the Arabic. i'8. — ¦ Jehovah ] Many copies have, here alfo nin> inftead of oik. The lxx have jcufio? ; and fo the Arabic. 25. And 172 NOTES 24. And thou [o Sion] fhalt have-^] It Is probable, tiiat the word -^b, tibi, ought to be inferted after n-ni ; for the LXX afterwards in this verfe have three verbs in the fecond perfon fingular, and in the next verfe the Hebrew hath the affix of the fecond perfbn twice, which is confirmed by Vulg. Syr. and Chald. and alfo by the lxx, who have 0 uioj o-s and 01 itryvwrn u/xwK. Sion is perfonified in many other parts ofthe writings of Ifaiah. See in particular xvi. i, 3, 4. xxxvii. 22. xlix. 14— !-26. li. 3. IU. i, 2. and lx. throughout. And in 'like manner Babylon is per fonified in xlvii. i. &c. I have therefore taken the liberty of adding in the 24th verfe the words, O Sion, inclofed in hooks, in the fame manner as they are added by biftiop Lowth in xvi. 4. In his verlion of the 25 th and 26th verfes there is great confufion. Ibid. Thefe things thou fhalt have inftead of beauty.] The reading of the three MSS. ofthe lxx mentioned by bifhop Lowth, t«ut« «-oi avri xaAXoTrio-pa, make? it probable, that, inftead of *3' nnn '3, which are manifeftly defedlive, we ought to read 1^ vn' rbn 'D' nnn^ or, as the lxx have not the word trai, and as two of thofe three MSS. of their verfion add the Word 0-8 after xKXX«7ri(rf*8, the true reading may be I'D' nnn -^ rbn ; thefe things thou Jhalt have inftead of THY beauty. The word o-oj anfwering to i^, tibi, in this addition of the lxx is a farther proof, that the word -p ought to be inferted at the beginning of the verfe. See the preceeding note, 25. Tno is rendered by Hyv. potentes tui. See pai. 2. 16. thy doors ] So it certainly fhould be ; . not, as in the bifhop's tranflation, her doorp. The, LXX have «i 6^)c«» ts xoit/as TMI2N. nTins fliould be -j'nnD. Ibid. Ihall lament and mourn.] Jere miah (xiv. J, 2.) hath a like reprefentation, which is well traiiflated and explained by Dr. Blayney. " Becaufe On ISAIAH. 173 " Becaufe of the drought Judah mourneth. And the gates thereof languifh. They are in deep mourning for the land ; And the cry of Jerufalem is gone up." *' The gates of cities, faith that learned critic, being piaces of public refort, where the courts of juftice were holden, and other common bufinefs' tranfadled, feem here to be put for the perfons that meet there; in Uke manner as when we fay, the court is in mourniitg, we mean the perfons that attend* the court Or king's palace; So that by this paffage -we are to underftand, that all perfons who appear in. public are dejedled, and put on black, or mourning?^ on account of the national diftrefs." In Jeremiali' the word is n'lya'jj which is rightly tranflated the gates thereof. The word in Ifaiah means rather the doors of houfes; and Mr. Harmer, in his excellent Ob fervations on divers paffages of fcripture, hath clear ly fhewn, that in the eaft it was, and is cuftomary for the mafters of families to receive vifits, and dif patch bufinefs, in the porches or gateways of their houfes. This modern pradtice he hath happily ap plied to the illuftration of Ezek. xxxiii. 30. in c. i. obferv. 6. Ibid. And thou fhalt fit difconfolate on the ground.] The LXX have here two Verbs in the fecond perfon, K«i jcaTaAfKpflTKTii |u,ov>i, x-ai £k tin yni/ E^a^ia-S-iiirn. For ifluftrating this prophetic defcription the bifhop cites Mr. Addifon's Dialogues on medals, who obferves, " That we find Judsea on feveral coins of Vefpa fian and Titus in a pofture that denotes forrow and captivity." But whereas Mr. Addifon refers to this place of Ifaiah as foretelUng the deftrudtion of Jeru falem and the Jewifh nation by the Romans, the bifhop faith, " That it feems plainly to relate, in it's firft and rnOre immediate view at leaft, to the deftrudlion of the city by Nebuchadnezzar, and the difibiution 174 N O T E ^ diffolution ofthe Jewifh ftate under the captivity at Babylon." I hope, that, from the obfervations made, and to be made by me, the reader wifl think with Mr. Addifon, that it relates fblely to the deftrudlion of Jerufalem and the Jewifh nation by the Romans. This part of Ifaiah m.ay be illuf trated by the fine defcription of the fituation of Panthea, the wife of Abradatas king ofthe Sufans, when fhe was taken captive by Cyrus, which is given by Arafpas in Xeoophoni She was, faith he to Cyrus, xaG-ziptm, >t£xfliAup.p£i/ti ti >£«i ek yw oputrx. Dr. Hutchinfon the editor well obferves ; " En ex- pre€am fummi doloris imaginem ! Humi Panthea fedet, ore velato, dejedlis in terram oculis. Haud aliam Judsea captse figuram nummi Vefpafiani Ti-. tique exhibent : vide (nam tanti eft) Addifonum, politioris humanitatis peritifflmum, in Dialog de titilit. Niimifi-n. Ser. 3. fig. 13. et flluftr. Span- hem. Differt. quartam. His adde omnino Ifai. iii. ^6. Pfal. cxxxvii. Lament, i. i, 2, 1.0." Xenoph. De Cyri inftitut. Ub. v. ad init. CHAP. IV. I. In this verfe the words, in that day^ are in the Complutenfe edition of the lxx : but as they are omitted in the other copies, and in' tlie Arabic, and alfo in one Hebrew MS. No 1 y^, they are perhaps in this place an interpolation. a. In that day the branch of Jehovah fhall.] In this verfe the Hebrew and lxx differ greatly : but the former feems to be right. g. written for life in Jerufalem.] Heb. a' nb; which is rightly rendered by the lxx sk i^mhk, for life, or, to life. See Dr. S. Clarke's Boyle's Ledbury, ii. 240. 6th edit. aridDr^ Taylor's Con cord. On ISAIAH. 175 cord. R. 04.' No. 105. The Chald. Syr. Arab. and Vulg. feern to agree with the lxx. It deferves, i think, to be confidered, whether by the perfons here defcribed as written for life in Jerufalem, be not intended the Chriftians mentioned Matt. xxiv. 22, 24. bythe name of the eleSi, who were, won derfully preferved at the time of the deftrudlion of Jerufalena by Titus, agreeably to repeated affurances given to-them by Chrift. " Whofoever, faith he, Jhall perfeVere to the end, fhafl be faved." Matt. x. 22. xxiv. 13. .Mark xiii. 13. And in St. Luke xxi. i8, 19. foretelling the deftrudlion, which would foon befall the Jewifh nation, he faith ; " But there fhali pot a liair of your head ,perifh. By your perfeve-, ranee ye fhail fave your lives." In the EngUfh bi ble, the nineteenth verfe is tranflated as a precept ; " In your patience poffefs ye your fouls:" But it ought certainly to be underftood as a prophecy ; and KT)is-«(r9-£ fhould be jcT»io-£(r3-£, as it is in the Alexandrian and other Greek MSS, which are confirmed by the Vulg. and the Old Latin Verfion, and by the Syriac and other authorities. T,his reading is approved by Mill, Wetftein, Griefbach, and bifhop Pearce. Dr. Mifl in his Prolegomena, fedt. 677. obferveS;,, that Origen and many others have this reading ; and he adds, " Redle. Neque enim eft fermo exhorta- torius, quomodo reprsefentant ediriones noftras, fed affertorius. Eos fciUcetquos Chriftus jam allocutus eft, modo perfeveraverint in fide, a clade Judaicar Genti mox obventura incolumes evafuros effe feip- fofque fervaturos. Id quod Matthgeus et Marcus breviter indicant: 0 Ie uTropin*? £k''«Xo5, hto^ cra^nb nnx cnx 3 which the lxx have properly rendered EnSlAAN irpof eji/s ei. See Bos. Proleg. ad lxx. c. i. Ibid. Jehovah- ] Fourteen MSS. and the two old editions of 1486, and 1488, have ,n;n' inftead of 'nx, and- another MS. hath both words. , ¦ . ' Ibid. --' • • wifl wafli away——] Hebi ¦^T]'^ -, wliich is rendered by bifhop Lowth foallhavi -wafhed .away: but the tranflation which 1 have given is right, and it is agreeable to the lxx, EKTrXuKEi, ahd the Arabic, abluet. Ibid. ofthe fons and daughters -. ] The LXX and Arab, have twi/ yiwv )t«i Tuv-GuyaTipeuv; rightly, as it feems. See Pfal. cxlix. 2. and Joel ii. 23; where we have tvjf '33, traijflated by the lxx in the former place moi 2iuv, and in the latter t«. tixvx Simk, and by our tranflators in both children of Zion. See Ifai. xlv.^ II. Ibid. By a fpirit of judgment, and by a fpirit of burning.] This whole verfe feems to relate diredlly and folely to the deftrudlion of Jerufalem. A paf fage of Jofephus (Ant, xx. c. 7. § 5.) will greatly illuftrate it. " It feems to me, faith he, that God, detefting their impiety, forfook our city ; and not efteeming the temple any. longer a pure habitation for him, brought the Romans againft us, threw ON THE 'city' A FIRE TO PURIFY 'iT; AlSTD DELI VERED us V/ITH OUR WIVES AND CHILDREl^ TO SERVITUDE, THAT BY THESE CALASilTlES WE MIGHT LEARN wisEovr." See aifo De Bel. Jud. iv. g. 5, §2. M ' 5; — — -voiil- 178 NOTES 5, wfll caufe to come ] One of Dr. De Roffi's MSS. No. 663. had at firft «'3', adducet, which is more Uke the reading foUowed by the lxx and Arab, than the common reading, and is pro bably the true reading. See note on vii. 1 7. 6. : —. — for a fhade from the heat ; and for a covert, and a refuge, from ftorm and rain.J Jn the Hebrew it is, " for a fhade by day from the heat." But as the lxx have no wordanfwermg to E=3Dv, by day, and as in the end of the verfe there is no word in the Hebrew or Greek, or in any of the verfions, fignifying, by night; the word aov feems to be inferted here by miftake. So in Ifai. XXV. 4. God is defcribed to have been " a refuge from the ftorm, a fhadow from the heat;" the words by day and by night not being inferted. CHAP. V. I. I W"ILL fing now a fong to my beloved, a fong of loves concerning my vineyard.] It feems to me, that bifliop LoWth is right in reading tjnn inftead of nn, (fee Blayney on Jer. xi. 15.) where by, as he obferves, the great impropriety of making the author ofthe Song, and the perfon to whom it is addreffed, to be the fame, is avoided. But though by admitting this corredlion fome impropriety be a- voided, yet his tranflation of the beginning of this chapter is ftill liable to great objedlions. It is of great confequence to afcertain the perfon uttering the Song, or in whofe name it is uttered, and alfo the perfon or perfons to whom it is addreffed. I think it apparent from many circumftances, that God* is ,• In the parable. Matt. xxi. 33, &c. the houfeholder, who' , planted a vineyard, and hedged it round-about, and digged a wine-prefs in it, and built a tower, &c.— — is God. See Taylor's Key. No. 84. On isaiah. 179 is the perfon uttering it, or in whofe name it is ut tered; for who but God could fay, " I will command the clouds, that they fhed no rain on it ?" And it is equaUy clear, that it is addreffed to the houfe of Ifrael, the favoured people of God. In the bifliop's tranflation the perfbn uttering the fong, or in whofe name it is uttered, feveral times (viz. ver. 3, 4 and 5.) cafls the vineyard his vhieyard agreeably to the ori ginal 'DID, my vineyard, and the feventh verfe ex prefsly ftates the houfe of Ifrael, the fubjedt of the parable, to be the vineyard of Jehovah; and yet the firft verfe reprefents the vineyard as belonging to the Beloved, to whom the fong is addreffed, and the fecond verfe ftates the. beloved to have fenced it. round ; to have cleared it from the ftones ; to have planted it with the vine of Sorek ; to have built a tower in the midft of it ; to have hewed out a lake therein, and to have expelled, that it fhould bring forth grapes. Is it probable, that there was at firft fuch confufion in this beautiful parable? I think not; but that it hath been occafioned by the miftakes of tranfcribers. By making eight fmafl alterations in the firft and fecond verfes, feven of which are di redlly authorifed by the lxx, the confufion above mentioned may be intirely removed, and the -whole paffage reftored to it's original fimplicity and beau ty. In the firft verfe the lxx read 'Xyxh, concerning my vineyard, (tw xfATriXayt MOT,) inflead of the pre fent reading ions'?, concerning his vineyard; and in the fecond verfe they read fix verbs in the firft per fon, and not, as they are now in the Hebrew, m the third; i- e. 1 made a fence about it, .not he made a fence about it, &c. &c, and the Arabic verfion in like manner hath the verbs in the firft perfon; and fo hath the Old Latin verfion. See Blanchini Evang. Quad. Tom. iv. p. DCXIV. It is alfo obferv able, that the Chaldee paraphraft appears to have M 2 found lU NOTES Totind the verbs in the firft perfon ; " Populiis meus, , diledtus meus Ifrael, dedi eis Hasreditatem in' monte excelfo, in terra pingui. Et fan^ifcavi eos, ev honorificavi eos, et fiiftentavi eos ut plantationem vitis eledlje, et adificavi fandluarium meum in me dio eorum;" , and that Jeremiah (u. 21.) in an ele gant paraphrafe of. part of Ifaiah's parable in the name of God hath one of the Verbs in the firft per fon; " But 1 planted thee a Sorek, &,c ." See bifliop Lowth's Notes, In confequence of thefe al terations, it is neceffary to read »^ inftead of the fecond nn>b, i. e. mihi, not, dileSlo meo ; and the cailfe of this miftake may be affigned with great probabflity. The prophet, it is probable, wrote, 'T'T!? Tty N3 m'!»N '0"i3^ xz^nn m'i»' :]D!t' p \~ii)':i. ¦'b r\>r\ and . A tranfcriber, having thefe lines before him to copy, might, through an eafy miftake, write in the kit line, 'TtV, a word which he had written in the line but one above, inftead of >b confifting of the two firft letters ofthe other word : and this miftake might be made before the verfion of the lxx, or that, verfion may have been conformed to it fince, as, in many other , inftances, the yerfions originally right have been rnade conformable to corruptions afterwards introduced into the original. See Dr. Kennicott's Differt. on i Sam. vi. 19. p. 37, 38. and Diff. Gen. Sedl. 18. [4.] [5.] and Seft. 21. See alfo his State of Heb. Text. U. 166- — 221. Bifhop Lowth follows a MS. which adds the word "I'tl' after n3 ; and 1 think rightly, as the MS. is Confirmed by the Arabic. 4. The verfion of the lxx makes it probable that we fliould read na-yN for nvii'yS, and -p for 13^ and that the tranflation fliould be, " What more couldj I do' On isaiah. i8i I do fbr my vineyard, than I have done to it ?" The laft-mentioned change is authorifed by two mss. and one Edition, and by other verfions. See Kennicott and De Roffi. 6. And I will make it a defolation,] The lxx feem to have read 'DI'd, my vineyard, inftead Of the pronoun. Their verfion is, Kai amo-w tov «jtA7r£- ?i.(llV» pit. Ibid. — — neither fhall it be digged.] Lxx Ovh fMi c«i irXiigns 0 oixof THS A0HH2 aura, which is confirmed by the Chaldee and Arabic. It is probable, that inftead of vbw, which in no other place fignifies the train of a robe, we ought to read mn, his glory. See I Kings vin. 10, 11. and 2 Chron. v. 13, 14. " God, as bifhop Lowth in his introdudlion to his notes on this chapter obferves^ is reprefented as feated on his throne above the ark in the moft holy place, where the glory appeared above the cherubim, fur- rounded by his attendant minifters." There feems M 4 therefore i?4 NOTES therefore, to be an incongruity in reprefentlng at the fame time the train of his robe as filling the tem« pie. In this verfe the word in the Hebrew is bynri; but in the fourth it is non, } foUow bifliop Lowth in rendering both words, the temple. The lxx have in both verfes o oixqs, the hqufi. 5. I am ftruck dumb.] According to th? .mar gin of the , MarchaUan MS. the verfion ofthe lxx was, on Eo-iuirno-*. See Bos and Hexapla. Vulgate ^uia tacui. 8. And who will go to this people?] I here fol^ low the LXX and Arabic. As it is immediately before afltajw.,au(rav. The con,elufion of the cited palfage, " and I may heal i86 NOTES heal them," is more proper if the former part be thus underftood, than it is if we underftand God to be the nominative cafe to the above mentioned words TETuipxwjfEu and ¦7mrufiayt.1v. It may be obferved farther, that for niDnvirxi one MS, No. 80. hath nnDnv:?Kni, et in auribus fuis gravis eft, viz. hic populus : but the true reading feems to be agree ably to MS. No. 76, loanvDmi. See alfo Syr, and Zech. vii. 11, 12, 1 1. And I faid: how long,- ?] This quef tion, and the anfwer made to it, clearly prove, that the two former verfes are rightly applied to the Jews in the time of Chrift. Ihofe verfes give a de»- fcription of the people, as ' they were in the pro phet's days ; and the anfwer to this inquiry contains a predidlion, that they would continue to deferve the fame charadler for a long time to come; namely, 'tfll the deftrudtion of Jerufalem and the diffolution of the commonwealth by the Romans. See bifliop Lowth's note on the laft verfe of the chapter, and his introdudlory note; and alfo Eufebius in Loc. Ibid. O Jehovah ?J Many copies have mn' in ftead of 'Hn. See Dr. Kennicott's bible ; and his Diff. Gen. p. 1 20. 12. And there be many a deferted woman J This is bifliop Lowth's tranflation; and it is pro bably right. The learned Mr. Hallett propofeth to tranflate, " And widows be multiplied — ' — ." See I HaUett, p. 8, Ezek. xxn. 25. and Jer. xv. 8. 1 3. as the ilex or the oak.] The vau ought to be tranflated or, as the fingular number imme diately follows. See iv. 10. GHAP. On isai a H. 187 CHAP. VII. 2. Ephraim here and in verfes 5, 8, and 9, as in many other places, means the ten tribes of Ifrael. See Jackfon's Chronol. i. 309. 315. and Blayney, on Jer. vn. 12. 3. Then faid ] See the firft note on verfe 13, '4. Becaufe ofthe two tails of thefe fmokeing fire brands.] " How lively, faith the very ingenious Mr. Harmer, the image ! "The remains of two fmall twigs, burning with violence at one end, as appears hy the ftrong fteaming of the other ; fure therefore foon to difappear, reduced into afhes: fo Jhall thefe two kings foon be no more.'' See vol. i. p. 263, 264. 7. Jehovah, God of hofts.] Three MSS, omit 'jnS; and one MS. No. 129, hath niNDsnin' agreeably to the lxx, whofe tranflation is xu^iof 8, 9. I follow the arrangement recommended by Dr. Jubb ; which feems to be clearly right. See his note in bifhop Lowth's Ifaiah. 9. within fixty and five years. ] Bifhop Lowth adopts the interpretation given by archbifhop Ufher in his Annal. V. T. ad. an. 3327, and .Sir Ifaac Newton in his Chronol. p. 283, and with them fup pofeth the term here mentioned to commence 'fi-om tbe time of delivering this prophecy in the fecond year of Ahaz, and the prophecy to be fulfilled by the depopulation of the kingdom of Ifrael by Efar haddon, " who, faith he, carried away the remains ofthe ten tribes, which had been left by Tiglath- Piiefer, and Shalmanefer, and who planted the coun try with new inhabitants." The learned Dr. Jubb, as it appears by a note, which he communicated to the i88 NOTES the bifliop, concurs with him in this opinion. But Mr. Jackfon in his Chronology, (vol. i. p. 3I4^— 3I6) hath clearly proved the learned writers, on whom bifliop, Lowth reUes, to be in an error. " This -was the term, faith that moft excellent chro- nologer, which God had appointed for the captivity of Ifrael, from the time that he had fent prophets to forewarn them of it. The firft of thefe was Amos; all whofe prophecies almoft declare God's judgments againft the Ifraelites for their idolatries, and immo ralities and threaten them with utter deftrudlion. Amos began to prqphefy in the latter end of the reign of Jeroboam the 2d, and two years before the earthquake, which happened in the year before Chrift 783, as is moft probable: fo he began to prophefy in the year before Chrift 785, and Hofeah prophecied againft the Ifraelites about the fame time ; and Ifaiah a few years after them. Now from the year before Chrift 785, when God firft foretold the utter deftrudtion of the kingdom of Ifrael, and the captivity of the people of the land, by Amos, to the year before Chrift 721, when Samaria was taken, and all the people of it, and of-the cities belonging to it, were carried into captivity, and die land inhabited by other nations fent from the Aflyrian provinces, is fixty-four years; and fb within fixty-five years, as Ifaiah foretold, Ephraim was broken from being any more a peo ple- And this was the expUcation of the ancient Jews, as Jefome relates in his Commentary on the paffage of Ifaiah ch. vii. 8. And by this interpre tation the prophecy was exadlly fulfilled ; nor do I apprehend that it can be made out any other way." In Ezra iv. 2. we ought, as Mr. Jackfon (i. 314. 316.) remarks, to read, agreeably to Jofephus. Antiq. Jud. lib. xi. c. 2. p. 549. and c. 4. p. 556. Salmanafap inftead of Afar-Haddon; for, as he well On isaiah. 189 wefl obferves, p. 314, the nations mentioned in Ezra iv. 9. were not fent and placed in the cities of Samaria by Afar-Haddon ; but they were fpme of the colonies fent from Media, Perfia, Babylonia, Mefopotamia and Syria by Salmanafar. If, how ever, it be admitted, that Afar-Haddon had fent a colony into the land of, Ifrael forty- four years after the captivity of the ten tribes, " how could this, Mr. Jackfon rightly afks, p. 316, be a fulfilling of Ifaiah's prophecy, which was fulfiUed forty-four years before ? For the Ifraelites were broken and no more a people, after Salmanafar had taken Sa maria and carried them away captive into Aflyria. So that I .wonder, that fuch learned men as Ufher (Annal. Vet. Teft. p. 108. ad. An. Gyy. Ant. ^r. Chrift.) and the great Sir Ifaac Newton (Chrono logy, p. 283.) fhould acquiefce in an interpretation of the prophecy, which is evidently groundlefs.'* The paffage of Jerome, to which Mr. Jackfon re fers, and which he cites in the margin of p. 315, is thus ; " Hebrsei hunc locum ita ediflerunt ; ut Amos, qui fub Ozia coepit prophetare, quando et Ifaias prophetise fuse habuit exordium, primus pro- phetaverit contra Ifrael, dicens (cap. vii. ver. 17.) Ifrael autem eaptivus ducetur de terra fua. Titulus quoque prophetis ejus contra Samariam fit, et pro phetare coeperit in diebus Ozise regis Judah ante duos 'annos terrse-m'otus : volunt autem annum fuiffe vigefimum quintum Ozise, quando hsc acci- derunt, cujus reliqui anni funt viginti feptem. Ozias enim regnavit annos quinquaginta duos : poft eum regnavit Joatham filius ejus annis fedecim ; et huju^ Filius Ahaz^annis aUis fedecim; poft quem regnavit Ezechias, cujus fexto imperii anno capta Samaria eft : atque ita effici fimul annos fexagmta quinque. Com. in cap. vii. Ifai. p. 68." Mr. Jackfon adds, " That Clarius is of the fame opinion, ap. Crit. Sac. tom. iv. 190 NOTES iv. Annot, in Loc. Ifaise, and P'orerius from Va- tablus, ibid." Eufebius on Ifai. vn. 8. gives a like account of the fentiments ofthe Jews. Ibi,d. Ephraim fhall be broken from being a peo ple.] Heb. cdj;d. LxxaTroXaa; which vvords Ought to be rendered, - as they are in the Englifh bible of 1599, from being a people, and not as they are by bifhop Lowth, that he be no more a people. Fq[r though the ten tribes of Ifrael were broken from bang a people, and they have continued in that condition two thoufand and five hundred years, yet theprophets and St. Paul give the ftrongeft and moft explicit affurances of their reftoration, -and of their reunion with the two other tribes. See Ifai. xi. II— -16. Ezek. xxxvn. and Jer. in. 18. and Dr. Blayney on this laft place ; and fee Rom. xi. 25 — 27. and Dr. Whitby thereon, and his appendix to his notes on .that chapter. See Jer. xxviii. 42, where Dr. Blayney renders the word fo as to be no more a people : but it is rightly rendered by archbifhop Secker in the Appendix, " from being a people ; that is, faith he, for a time. See ver. 47." And on this verfe he .rightly obferves, that it appears from Jofephus (Ant. Lib. xiU. c. 13.) that they did re- ,"turn. The Englifh Bible of 1599 hath here alfo from being a people, and here the common Bible is right. 13— —i^. Dr. Kennicott in 1765 publiflied a Sermon on thefe verfes, with very valuable notes fubjoined ; which fermon and notes throw great Ught on this famous paffage, though I think that his interpretation cannot be fupported in every par ticular. I forbear to enter into a fufl difcuffion of the fubjedl, which hath engaged the attention of many learned men. I have given the tranflation which appears to me to be the moft exadt; and will endeavour to fupport it by fhort notes. Dr. Kennicott On ISAIAH. 191 Kennicott hath alfo made judicious obfervations on Pfalms xlviii. and lxxxix. which feem to be of great importance on this fubjedl, in the light in which he hath placed them. 13. Then he faid.] So ")OX'i ought here to be rendered. SeeDr. Kennicott's Sermon, note (23). The 1 is rendered then here and in the third verfe in Coverdale's bible printed in 1550, and in the bible of iS99- . V. Ibid. with you . ] This is a more pro per tranflation ofcD30 than that in the. Englifh bi ble, which is followed by bifhop Lowth, for you. See Dr. Kennicott's note ('24). Ibid. Jehovah.] All the copies ofthe lxx have xufiw, and the Arabic hath domino ; and one valu able Hebrew MS. No. ^3 hath nin'*. This is pro bably the true reading ; for the words here, and to the end of the chapter, are more properly confi dered as the words of God, than of the prophet. According to the tenth verfe Jehovah fpake to Ahaz, and Ahaz, as in the twelfth verfe, refufing to afk a fign from God, the thirteenth verfe begins with the words, Then he faid. The meaning of which muft be, that Jehovah, who had before fpoken to Ahaz, proceeded to fpeak again in his own words, uttered however by the prophet. See Dr. Kennicott's State of the Hebrew Text, i. 503. ii. 3'^9- 14. Neverthelefs '¦ — ] The verfion of the LXX is Smtsto ; and bifhop, Lowth retains the former tranflation of \2b, therefore : but it certainly may be tranflated, as it is by Dr. Kennicott, neverthelefs. See his Sermon, p. 26 and note (2$), and Blayney on Jer. xvi. 14. and xlviii. 12. Ibid. — — the young woman It is matter of great debate whether the word nD^y hath been righdy ¦* De Roffi mentions another, which had at firft •>rhvi nm'., 192 NOTES rightly underftood to fignify a vivgin': ^nd a^ it iS' certain, that the authors of the Greek verfion of Ifaiah, called the verfion of the lxx, who were Jews, and who made their verfion about one hundred and thirty years before the birch of Chrift, rendered the word found by them in the Hebrev/ n ttol^ivqi;, the-. virgin, and as St. Matthew* appears to cite the verfion given by them, I formerly thought that we might, be fatisfied, that the v/ord nD!?j; properly fignifies a Virgin, or that, when thty made their verfion, the word in the original was nVinan and not noVyn; the former word being ufed much . ofcener in that fenfe, than the latter, and N^inn being the wOrd found in the Sy riac verfion of Matthe-w i. 23. But. as the latter word is found in all tl^e MSS, is fupported by au thorities much more ancient than any.Hebrew MSS. now extant, and is tranflated w v£«vi?, the young wo man, by Aquila, Theodotion and Symmachus, it is more probable that the prefent reading is right, and that the tranflation ofthe lxx is wrong. , Is the pro phet on this fuppofition to be underftood as fdreteiling the promifed Meffiah ? In anfwer to this queftion I muft fay that, in itiy opinion, he is fo to be understood,. This chapter is manifeftly connedled with the next chapter, and alio the beginning of the ninth, which muft neceffarily, I think, be underftood in that Ught. The prophet is here foretelling, in the firft place, by the immediate diredlion, and indeed in the words, of God himfelf, that though , an alarming confpiracy had been formed againft the family of David, which at that time could , not be numerous, Athaliab having attempted about. one hundred arid forty years , before * The arguments urged by Dr. Prieflley and others againft the authenticity ofthe two firll chapters of St.- Matthew are fo ftrong, that little ftrefs can be laid on this circumftance-. See Dr. Prieftley's Hiftory of early Opinions, iv. 1 — 151, and Haynes's Sicripture Aceount. p. 182. 188. On I S a I a li. , 393 before to extirpate the family, and having- nearly fucceeded in the attempt, (2 Kings xi., i . 2 Chron. xxn. 10. and Jofeph. Antiq. Ub. ix. c, 7. § i.) yet that the deliverer, who had been promifed to arife from that famfly, would moft aflliredly in due time be born. Thus far the prophecy is intended and Calculated to fatisfy all prefent, that the famfly of David would be preferved from extirpation,' and that the promifes formerly made, concerning blef fings to be beftowed by means of an illuftrious per fon to be born from it, wolild be accomplifhed. Many ages indeed would elapfe before his birth : but the prophet on this, as on many other occafions, by the diredlion of God, " who, as St. Paul (Rom. iv. 17.) well obferves, calleth thofe things which are not as if they were," reprefents the event as having adlually taken place ; and availing himfelf of this mode of reprefentation, he proceeds, to admlnifter immediate confolation to the whole nation, affuring them by divine authority, and in words uttered by him in the name of God, that they would foon be delivefed from the dangers which threatened them, and that if the child, according to the repre sentation, were now adlually born, he would not attain to ylears of difcretion before ihe accomplifh ment of their deliverance, and the reftoration of peace and plenty to their country. See a valua ble note to this purpofe, derived in part from Vi tringa, in'the Jnnotationes at the end of Jackfon's Novatian, p. 333 — 335. As the future: birth of Im'Manuel is foretold by the prophet, ^although it is defcribed by him, in his ufual manner, as then taking place, it is, as Mr. Jackfon well obferves, no objedtion to this interpretation, that the lxx have tranflated in the future tenfe the verbs, which in the Hebrew are in the prefent. It is farther to be ob ferved, that although it pleafed God to give thefe N favourable 194 NOTES favourable affurances to the houfe of David and the kingdom of Judah, yet he immediately adds, that in no long time they would again be greatly dlf treffed, and that a great part of their diftreffes would prbceed from the Aflyrians, to whom they had had recourfe for affiftance. See verfes 17 — 25. viu, 8. &c. and I Jackfon 309, &c, Ibid. is with child ] The Word nin is a participle ofthe prefent tenfe, and fignifies. is with child, and not barely is conceiving ; and it is fo un derftood by the lxx here and in Gen. xxxvin. 24. See Jackfon's note above cited. The meaning of the prophet is ; " The young woman is with chfld, and is even no n bringing forth a fon." Ibid. And ye fhall cafl — •] Eufebius in his Commentary infifts on it ftrongly, tliat xaXEo-Ei? is the true reading not only ofthe lxx and the three other Greek tranflators, and of the Hebrew, but alfo of St. Matthew. See Jackfon's note above cited, and his note (3) in p. 86. But as the ad^ drefs is to the houfe of David, the plural is more proper than the fingular, and the prefent word be- jcomes fingular by adding to it the letter n, which hath been often omitted at the end of words. ' See Diff Gen. Sedl. 26. and bifhop Lowth on v. I. and li. 4. and my note on via. 23. Juftin in p. 223, hath naAEo-ETai, which fhould be xaXso-ETs, and the Old Latin hath vocabitis, as we learn from Ter tullian, p. 191. D. Novatian, p. 8$. and Lac tantius, iv. 12. 4. and Epift. p. 118. Ibid. his name Immanuel.] " God was with us in Chrift, by his wifdom and power com municated to him for the inftrudlion and benefit of men." See Mr. Lindfey's Sequel, p. 184, &c. 15. When he fliaU know ] Dr. Jubb, and Mr. Harmer (j. 299.) cited by him, have, I think, fully proved, that the word inyi^ ought here to be tranflated. On is a I a H. 195 tranflated, when he fhall know, and not, as it is in our common tranflation, that he may know, nor, as Dr. Kennicott contends, till he Jhall know. Sermon, p. 27. and note (31.) 16. before the child ~^ ] Dr. Kennicott flrenuoufly contends, that by the chfld- here men tioned is not intended the child before reprefented as born, but Shearjafhub a child pf the prophet, then adlually prefent ; but as nothing is faid which neceffarily leads us to underftand Shearjafliub to be intended, it is furely more natural to underftand the child mentioned in the fourteenth and fixteenth verfes to be the fame. Dr. Kennicott obferves, " That fome end was undoubtedly to be anfwered by ' the prefence of Ifaiah's fon; whom God comrnanded the prophet to take with him on this vifit to Ahaz : and that yet no ufe at all appears to have been made of this fon, unlefs he be referred to in this fentence." Sermon, p. 29. 32, 33. But if, as Dr. Kennicott on good grounds fuppofeth, confolation had been lately afforded to the people by the pro phetic name of this child, -he was with the utmoft propriety brought forth on this occafion, although he might not now be made the fubjedl of a fecond prophecy. Ibid. ; which thou feareft.] The He brew is v'p i^^^ "li^^j which words are varioufly ren dered by different interpreters. The Englifh verfion, which is retained by , Dr. Kennicott, p. 32, 65. and note (40) is, " that thou abhorreft." Bifhop Lowth's is, " by whofe two kings thou art diftreff- ed." I follow the verfion of the lxx, i\v a-u (poSn, which appears to me to be moft probable. The ' Arabic agrees with the lxx ; and the Vulg, and Syr, have, quam tn deteftaris. ibid. '-^ of both the kings. J Afl the copies of the lxx, except the Alexandrian, have tm N 2 ^u« 196 ' N 9 T E S S\}u ixa-iXiuv. The Alexandrian MS, inftead of thefe words, hath only «utwi'. The qther three Greek tranflations add to thofe words the word auTtij, and agree with the prefent Hebrew na^o '3ii', both her kings : but one MS. No. 523 *. hath, agreeably to the LXX, tzz'obo 'iw, both the kings, and two others No. 361 and 540, had the fame reading at firft. The Arabic concurs with the lxx. The two kings, Rezin and Pehah, were about two years afterwards deftroyed, each in his own country. See Dr. Ken nicott's Sermon, p. 33. 2 Kings xv. 30. xvi. 9. and I Jackfon i§6j 311, 312. 17. But Jehovah wfll bring——] Houbigant and the bifhop rightly read N'l'i from the lxx, AAAA ETra^Ei 0 ©£o{ : to mark the tranfition to a new fubjedt. Although the lxx have here *o ©to?, yet I prefer the reading, of the Hebrew Jehovah, in which all the copies agree. See my third note on vei*. 13. The Arabic agrees with the lxx. CHAP. viir. 4. See an account of the fulfflment of this pro phecy in Jackfon's Chronol. i. 310 — 314. 6. Becaufe this people hath rejedted the waters of Siloah '- ] Mr. Peirce in his notes, on Heb. ii. 13. hath well illuftrated great part of this chapter, ; and I adopt many of the corredtions and obferva- '¦ tions of that excellent critic, ^y this people in t\f\s verfe he underftands the people of Ifrael, and by the waters of Siloah the 'people of Judah. 7. _™«.^ — -.Jehovah .] MS. No. i. and feveral others , have mn' inftead of 'Hk, and, as it feems, rightly, God himfelf being the fpeaker. 8. the * De Roffi adds a MS. of the Targum. On ISAIAH. 197 8. the extent ofhis camp——] As fhe lxx here ufe the Word Tra^ijuSoXn it is probable, that we ought to read in:nD or vina (Caftra ejus,) inftead of V3J3. This alteration makes very little difference in the fenfe ; but the expreffion is more proper. The word ^la in no other place fignifies the wing of an army; and no reference is here had, as it feems, to the preceeding chapter, in which mention is made of the bee, which is in the landof Affyria. 9. Affociate yourfelves J Bifliop Lowth faith, that the prefent reading ij;"i is fubjedl to many difficulties ; and therefore he follows the reading of the IXX, lyi. But it is a great objedtion to this alteration, that it makes it neceffary to underftand the word inn, which occurs three times in this verfe, in two 'different fenfes. The common reading, as it is underftood by Mr. Peirce, gives a very good and confiftent fenfe ; and it is confirmed by the Chaldee and Vulgate, which have, congregamini. " Affo ciate yourfelves, (3 ye peoples [of Ifrael and Syria,] and ye fhall be broken; and give ear, all ye of far countries, fye Aflyrians, and fuch as join yourfelves for their affiftance,] gird yourfelves and ye fhallbe broken ; gird yourfelves and ye fliall be broken. Though God will fuffer you to go far, yet not utterly to overthrow Judah ; but when ye fhall attempt Je rufalem, the capital city thereof, he wifl miferably deftroy ydu. See chap, xxxvii. 3S-'\^ The bifliop obferves, that lyn, know ye this, is parallel and fyno nymous to -13'rsn, give ear to it, in the next line. But this paralleUfm is not neceffary ; and befides, the words this and to it are inferted by him without authority f cm the Hebrew or Greek. See his note on ix. 8. 10. For uMmanuel ] As Immanuel is a proper name, chap. vn. 14. and viii. 8. it ought probably to be confidered as fuch N 3 ia- lyg NOT E S in this place, and in feveral MSS it is written here, as in the other places, as one word. Coverdale's verfion in 1550 confiders it as a proper name in this verfe. 1 1 . with great earneftnefs.] This feems to be the prophet's meaning. In Jonah ui. 8. nptnais rendered mtivui;, and in Judges vin. i._ Krp^upwjj or" xgosTaieoj. The reading adopted by bifliop Lowth is not fuffiiciently fupported, and wili not bear the tranflation given by him, as taking me by the hand. By this people in verfes 1 1 and 1 2, the idolatrous peofile of the Jews feem to be intended, not the other idolatrous nations. The expreffion cannot be re ferred to the peoples mentioned in ver. 9. ' II — 13. Mr. Peirce appears to be right in con fidering thefe verfes as a parenthefis, and as an in ftrudlion which God had given to the prophet at fome other time. A part of them is cited by St. Peter in his firft epiftle, iii. 14,15. See Mede's Works. p. 9. They are perhaps improperly inferted in this place. The twenty- third verfe of this chapter, and the fix firft verfes of the ninth, are the words of the prophet, fpeaking as if living at and after the BIRTH of-the-Messiah. " To us, faith he, a child is born; to us a Son is given." The ninth and tenth verfes, and the fourteenth to the twenty-fecond ¦feem alfo to be the words of the prophet. 14. And he [Immanuel] fhali be. to the nations for fandlification.] The nth, 12th, and 13th verfes being included in a parenthefis, Mr. Peirce con-, nedls this -verfe with the tenth, by the he under ftanding Immanuel. The word tyTpO/, which is rendered by the lxx eij «yia(rf*a, or eis «yf«(rji>.ov, and by the Vulgate in fanSlificationem, is impro perly tranflated in the Englifh bible for a fanc- tuary ; and by bifliop I^owth, afanSluary ; for neither God nor Chrift is a fandluary to the church, but by the prefence of God the church becomes a fane - tuary On ISAIAH. 199 tuary to him. See Dr. Taylor's Key. No. 47. 128. The words W^pdb n>n) andx«t ({-oiii in ayioiicrfiot. oughtj I think, to be tranfl.ated agreeably to the Vulgate, " And he [Immanuel] fhafl be for fandlification;" as St. Paul in i Cor. i. 30. faith of Chrift, " That he is become to us wifdom from God, and juftifi catlon, and sanctification, («yi«iov t(r;^uoi/T«. In Jer. xxxii. 18. the words are again very emphatically ufed concerning Almighty God, They there ftand thus, ninjn ';'njn Vic«i /Ajjtpoi/. The fame Hebrew words occur in xix. 15, where they are rendered by the LXX tx^x^v KXI teXo?. Gi-otius and others underftand the words, branch and rufh, to denote the ftrong and the weak, validqs et invalidos. - 19.—- — —The flefli of his neighbour.] The cor redlion propofed by ArchbilhOp Seeker, and adopted by bifhop llowtli, is indifputably right ; and may be farther confirmed by Zechariah xi. 9, where a fimi lar expreflion occurs, "iu;n dk n!i:>x na'^Dxn nnK!:/3ni nniy-i, which part of the verfe is well rendered by the lxx, t:«i tx KxtxXonrx Kxtia-B'iBtuie-xv SJtarof t»i ffx^ws TOT HAHSION ATTOT, and by biftiop Cover- dale in 1550,, " and let the remnant eate every one the flefli OF HIS neyghboure." The Englifli bibles of 1574 and I S99 agree with Coverdale's: but in the bible now in ufe the true tranflation is placed in the margin, and the text is thus, " and let the reft eat every one the flefh of another." Dr. Durell O 3 on 214 NOTES, on P: up m) phon. on Pf xxvii. a. 'well illuftrates the expreffion io eiff> up my flefh, by citations from Homer and Xenp- C H A F. X. i^ To the fcribes, who adl wickedly in drawing up, decrees.] Bifhop Lowt&s tranflatipn is, " Unto the fcribes, that prefcribe oppreflio^;" nearly the fame, as the marginal tranflation in the Ei^gflfh bible, *' To the writers that write grievpufnefs.". They both give, with fufficient exadlnefs, the meaning of the feveral words of the briginai ; but the words to gether convey not any very determinate idea in either. Mr. Harmer (ii. 289 — 291) hath well flluftrated this threatening from, D'Arvieux and Sir John Chardijj..^ It appears, from thejr trayels, th,^t it is a modern cuf tom in the Eaft for decrees to be dra-^yn up by proper officers, and to be afterwards confirmed or reje^ed by the fuperior magiftrates. By this method the infe- riof- officers are often the caufe of great injuftice, the decrees, which are framed according to their pleafure, beiog mc^re or lefs oppreffive to others in proportion to the prefents made by the perfons, ap plying for them. In this view of things the framer of .an unjuft decree, is no lefs culpable than the, per fon authenticating it. In order to exprefs this mean ing, I have been obliged, to tranflate fomewhat pa,- raphraftically. 5. Ho! to the Affyrian; the rod of my anger, and the ftaff of my indignation is in his hand.] Bi fhop Lowth faith, that five. MSS. for Nin nom read moo, and accordingly he opnits ^e 1 at the begin ning in his tranflation; but ^his is a miftake, thp reading On ISA I A H. 2.5 itading of thofe MSS * being intDO\ The Hebrew will not,. I think, admit the trainflation given by him; and indeed it is impoffible, without fome alteration, to make fenfe 'of the eoncluding words. As the Alex andrian and Marchalian MSS of tlie lxx begin the fentence with the words kxi o^yng, inftead of kxi of yn the common reading, and are herein confirmed by the Arabic, and one Hebrew MS. No. 96. hath the CD in dt:! on a rafure, it is probable, that the true reading may be n'a 'oyr ntani ; and I have tranflated accordingly. The lxx, it is true, have,£i/ rai? ^.ff'''"' ATTXiK ; but this might be occafioned by the word nvii'N at the beginning ofthe verfe being underftood by them as plural, Ou»» Ao-a-ugisij. See Blayney on Jer. xxx. 8. 12, he wifl punifh.] Heb. Tpsx, I will vifit; but it is probable that it ought to be in the third perfon ipD*. In the Vatican lxx the word is arKSKi- . 4;of*«i ; but Alex. M. and Aid. have tirx^tt, which is confirmed by Arabic, and by lxx Complut. in which we have kxi tirx^n. 13. Heb. 'niyi!f. *' Quamplures codices TiDVi:' cum D, ut verbum hoc fer ibi folet," De Roffi. 16. Jehovah, God of hofts ] Many copies have nin* inftead of '3^^?. See bifhop Lowth's nbte. The lxx have only xugw? , Jhdl return. But as the lxx, and St. Paul in Rom.ix. 27, with whom agrees the Arabic, have su^wBtxiy Jhall be faved; it is pi-obable that . we ought to read V.'itir, which in Prov. xxvui. 18. and Jer. xxx, 7. is tranflated by the lxx tsu^ntntxi. A tranfcriber might incautioufly write die other word, which he had written a line or. two above, inftead of this, the fame word ixty preceeding in both piaces. 23. For an accoiint, perfedting it and cutting- it fhort in righteoufnefs, Jehovah, God of Hofts, wfll take in the midft of the land.] As the conftrudlion ef the words in the Hebrew and in the lxx is diffi cult and embarrafled, it is probable, that there is fome miftake in both, If we omit in the lxx and Rom. ix. 28. the words, ot; Xoyov a-vytBt^sirisiBvov wliich/ feem to be a marginal explanation of the words, , Xoyov yag trvvtiXuv kxi crxivtiis-mv, and which, together with the preceeding words iv Smonotj-wr, are omitted f - in On ISAIAH. 217 ip Rom..'xi. 28:. in the Alexandrian and fome other "MSS^ and the Syriac, .^thiopic and Coptic ver- 'fions*, the fenfe will be clear=and in agreement with -the context. Grotius and other learned men have ^been of opinion, that thofe three words, and alfo the words tv SiKxiotsvyn, are an interpolation in the epiftle to the Romans; but perhaps thefe two laft words are genuine. See Hammond, Mfll, Wetftein, and Griefbach., For tv^D, which -feems not to fuit in this place, one MS, No. 226 hath fi'^an. The true reading probably is liT^n, which in Ecelef. vii. 27. is tranflated by the Lxx Xoyio-^ov, and in the Englifli bible the, account ; and, if it be the true reading, it is well rendered Xoyov by the lxx and St. Paul. The ¦word, is deriYcd from ywn, which fignifies to reckon.; .and in Matt, xvin. 23. and xxv. 19. the Syriac ver- lion hath wn^in, the fame noun in the Syriac form, for the Greek word Xoyov.. ¦_.>.. , , 24. —— as the Egyptians did.] I have, endea- .voured to give the true meaning of the original in ,this and the 26 th verfe ; and think that there is no defigned ambiguity in either. See Amos iv. 10. 33. — .. '¦ the Sovereign Lord ] Heb. ^nsn. LXX. 0 AEo-TTOTrif. See my fecond note on L 24. CHAP. XL a. ¦ ' of Jehovah — -] The Aldine and Complutenfe editions ofthe lxx have Kugts in agree ment with the Hebrew text ; but the other copies of the LXX, and, according to Mr. Jackfon on Novatian c. 29. p. 221, all the ancient writers and aU the other verfions, * Eufebius on Ifaiah, p. .398, 399, cites Rom. ix. 27, 28. in exift agreement with the Alexandrian MS. Sec xxviii. J2.. and Zeph. i. 18. gti8 NOTES verfion;, except the Vulgate, which hath Domini^ have TH ®E8. 4. ofthe land.] So the tranflation ought to be, and not " of the earth," as in the Englifh bible, and in bilhop Lowth's Ifaiah ; for the country of Judeea is intended here, and again in this^ verfe and in ver. 9. See note on ii. 10. and Whit by on 2 Theff. ii. 3. 8, Ibid. r—f with the blaft of his mouth;] The conjedlure of Houbigant, who for onii'^, with the rod, would read nni:/3, with the blaft, from niyj, to blow, which is adopted by bifhop Lowth, is con firmed by St. Paul, who (2 Theff. U. 8.), referring manifeftly to this part of Ifaiah, faith, " 'Whom the Lord wifl confume by the fpirit of his mouth,'' Ol* 0 Kufioj xvxXutTH TXI IINETMATI t8 ro|M«TOf wutji. See Whitby and Wetftein on 2 Theff, ii. 8, and Whitby on 2 Theff ii. 3. 10. And in that day there fhall be a root of Jefle, and he who fhail arife to reign over the nations, in hirn fliall the nations hope ; and his refting piaqe fhali be glorious.] The Hebrew and lxx differ d"- fenriafly in this verfe, and part of it is cited by St, Paul in Rom. xv. 1 2. agreeably to the lxx. As the verfion ofthe lxx, which is fiipported by the autho rity of St. Paul, gives a fenfe perfedlly confiftent with- the context, bifhop Lowth. ought, I think, to have confidered, whether we can fafely rely on the prefent Hebrew as certainly genuine : but on this and many fimilar occafions it doth not appear, that he hath beftowed much attention on the difference, fubfifting between the Old and New Teftaments," in. refpedl to the paffages cited from the former in the latter, although the honour ofthe writers of the New ^ Teftament is materiaUy concerned in the difcovery of a fatisfadlory method of accounting for it. This verfe was tfanflated by him many years ago nearly in On I S a I a H. 219. in the fame manner. See an exceUent Sermon preached by him at Durham in 1758. p. 3 f . 2d edit. The Vulgate agreed almoft intirely with the Hebre-w; but the Old Latin verfion preferved in Novatian c. 9. and Ladtantius iv. 13, ig. is exadtly conformable to the LXX, and fhews, that their verfion is faithfiiUy tranfmitted to us. See Mr. Jackfon's note on No- ¦vatian p. 65, 66; in which he obferves, that Cyprian agrees nearly, with Novatian. As the verfions of Aquila and Symmachus are nearly agreeable to the ' prefent Hebrew, it is not wonderfiil, that the He brew MSS now remaining afford little affiftance to wards corredting this paffage in Ifaiah. The He brew will agree with the lxx and St. Paul, if we infert 1 before n?;N, a;id read bwnb for dj"?. The word *ioy fignifies to ftand up or to arife as well as to ftand ftill. See Secker in Merrick on Pf cvU. 25, pan. xi. 3. 7. 20. 21. Ifa. xlvii. 13, The expreffipn, a root of Jeffe, is equivalent to thofe in the firft verfe, a rod from the trunk of Jeffe, and a cion from his roots. " St. John, as bifhop L-owth obferves, hath taken the expreffion from Ifaiah, Rev. V. 5. and xxn. 16, where Chrift hath twice appUed it to himfelf" Mr. Mede hath the following note on the expreffions in St. John. — - ^.' CAP. V. ver. 5. *' Hfi^a is-x^iS, et cap xxu. 16. >1 S^^Xf ?C«l TO ytVOi tn A«€l^] id eft 0 BK TM« f I^IJ, 0 £H T8 ytvifi;, 0 XTToyovoi tx AzSi^, ji^iysi/rij ts AaEi^. Vid. Ifai. xi. I." Works, p. 909. I J. __- — from Shinear ) That is, from Babylon. See Jackfon's Chronol. i. 223; Mede's Works, p. 272, &G. and the Chaldee paraphrafe. I S- As Jehoyah fmote with a drought the tongue ofthe Egyptiii|,n fea; fo he will fhake his hand over the river with his vehement wind.] •' Bifhop Lowth's tranflation is, ',' And Jehovah fhall fmite with a drought the., tAngue of the Egyptian fea ; and he fhall 220 NOTES Ihall fliake his hand over the' river with his vehement wind." But a different tranflation was propofed many years ago by the moft learned Mr. Mede, (Works, p. 529.) which merited the bifhop's' at tention. Mede's explanation is thus ; " Et defola bit Dominus (malim quemadmodum desolavit Dominus) linguam maris .Mgypti, et (malim itA) levabit manum fuam fuper fiumen (Targ. flumen^ Eu- phratem) in fortitudine fpiritus fui, et percutiet ettm in feptem rivos, ita ut tranfeant per eum calceati. Et erit via refiduo populo meo, qui relinquetur ab AffyrHs, (ergo Euphrates intelligitur) ficut fuit in die ilia ^ia afcendit de ¦ terra Mgypti. Videat Ledlor Zach. x. 10, II. ibique Chaldseum paraphraftem." ' The 'Chaldee paraphrafe, to which he refers, is diredlly to his purpofe, and is thus ; " Et sicut (Naa^) EDuxi EOS (Heb, a'nni:'m) de terra ^Egypti, sic (p) congregabO captivitatem eorum de Aflur (Heb. i=3jf3pN nii^'NOi) ; et ad terram Galaad et fandluarii . iaddwcam eos, et non fufficief eis. Et fient eis mira- ''Gulaet magnaUa sicuT (kdd) fafta funt patribus eo- • rum in mari ; et videbunt ultionem inimicorum • fuorum, UT (soa) invoiuti funt viri in fludlibus -maris, et Confuiidentur omnes re^es populorum, et ceffabit fortitudo ab Aflyriis ; et Dominium M^tj- tior-um auferetur." Mede's interpretation of tpe fifteenth verfe is confirmed beyond; all doubt bythe • foUowing verfe. Dr. Blayney in Jer. xxiii. 13, 14. hath in like manner rendered two vaus by as avAfo, " As in the prophets of Samaria so in the ' prophets of Jerufalem :" and in his note he ob ferves, that 1 is thus ufed in the way of comparifon, 2 Sam. XV. 34, and that the Syriac hath fo rendered this place of Jerepniah. Ifaiah was underftood in the fame manner by Mflton. See P. R. iii. 433—440 Ibid. ¦ — on foot.] Heb. ra'^n, and LXX £1/ uiro^»i/*«(r», i. e. in fhoes, or in fandals. The expreffion On IS A I A H. 221 expreffion is equivalent to bx-\2, iroh, on foot, in Pfalm ixvi. 6. CHAP. XII. I. And in that day thou fhalt fay; " I will give thanks to thee, OJehovah; for whereas thou haft been angry with me, thy anger is turned away, and thou haft comforted me.] Bifhop Lowth, in the introdudlion to his notes on this chapter, obferves, that this hymn feems by it's whole tenor, and by many exprefllons in it, much better calculated for the ufe of the Chriftian church, than for the Jewifh in any circumftances, or at any time, that can be af figned ; and that the Jews themfelves feem to have applied it to the times of Meffiah." It is manifeft, I think, from the whole tenor of the hymn, and from aU the circumftances relating to it^ that it is intended for the particular ufe of the Jewifh church, when it fhail be converted to Chriftianlty, and not, as the bifhop fuppofeth, for the ufe of the whole Chriftian church. It is immediately preceeded by a . clear predidlion (xi. 11 — 16.) of the reftoration of the children of Ifrael, not only of the two tribes of Judah and Benjamin, but alfo ofthe other ten tribes, and of their happy re-union : and it is a fong of exultation, expreffive of their gratitude to God, on this great and moft important event. See my fe^ 'Cond note on vii. 9. . ^ CHAP. XIII. I. The ORACLE.) Heb. N'iI'D, the burden. See Blayney on Jer. xxUi. 33, &c. Taylor's Concord, R. Nii'3, Introduc. & No. 210, &c. 2. Upon 2i2 NOTES 2. Upon a mountain with a plain furfa'ce — ~) Heb. nDii^i nn Vy, -which the lxx have rendered lir* »fa; TTE^iKSs ; Upon a mountain with a plain furface\. clear from trees which might intercept the view of the fignal placed on it. See Dr. Blayney's fecond note on Jer. iv, 1 1, ; where he feems to have proved that the proper meaning of a-Diy or C3"3!i', which in our Verfion is conftantly rendered high places, is open plains in contradiftindlion to woodland. The fame obfervation bath been made by othersi. " Ad Jbr. iv. II. impugpat (Blayneytis) interpretationem 'Diy clivus, eique fubftituit^/fl«fl /(7C^^ Sed, earidem jani inVenimus in Lexicio Caftefli." Briinsap. Maty's Review for Dec. 1784. ip.'422. 6. and deftrudlion ) / 'The lxx and Arab. and the Old Latin preferved in Cyprian. T. p. 194. Edit. Fell and p. 223. Edit. Baluz. feem to have found ntyi inftead of na^s. 8. The elders fhall be terrified.) Bifhop Lowth joins the word i^nnji to the preceeding verfe with Syr. and Vulg. to which he might ha-ve added the Chal dee ; but as that verfe fupplies no proper nominativd cafe to the verb, I am inclined to differ frorri him. The next word at prefent is cd'TS, Which fignifies, as he hath rendered it, torments or pangs ; fee xxi. 3. The LXX have ot ttjes-Sei?, and this fenfe the word fometimes bears ; but as the Arabic verfion, which was made from the lxx, hath -fenes, it is probable that the verfion ofthe i.xx might be oi TTfEo-guTEpoi, and the true reading of the Hebrew ca'jpr. If this reading be adopted the elegance of the defcription wfll be confiderably increafed. The confternation, the prophet may be fuppofed to fay, wiil be univer fal ; not only all hands fhall be flackened, ^and every heart of mortal fhali melt, but it wili not be in the jpOwer of the wifeft men to afford any affiftance; or, as On i S A I A H. 22 :i as it is expreffed in Ezekiel vii. 26, " counfel fhall perifh from the ancients." Ibid. They, ffiall look one upon another, and be aftoniffied.] The lxx have erufit^opcKraini/ (or, as Bos* would read> ffuf*(pup«fl-a(f(f ) ttipoi; Trpoj tov BtBpov KAI ixrno-oKTat. The' conjundlion feems to be rightly in ferted ; and if fo, the word rendered by the biffiop they Jhall be pained muft be joined in conftrudlion with the following words. 10, ffiafl be darkened—] Heb. jnn. lxx, exotia-^nffBtxi ; and with them agree Syr. & Arab. Biffiop Lowth hath, is darkened. 18. Their bows ffiall daffi ] See Blayney on Jer. ii. 3. 20^ It ffiall not be rceftabliffied again ] This fentence is inferted by Jeremiah in , his prophecy concerning Babylon, 1. 39, with the addition of the word my, which, it is probable, originally belonged tb Ifaiah. As to the words 3»n n^, 1 think with Dr. Blayney that they ought to be rendered, fhall not be reeftablijhed ; but the verb feems to be derived from :na', to return, rather than, as he thinks, fromn;:", to abide. See his note on Jer. 1. 13. ,21. - — wfld-cats ] Heb. !=i"2f ; by which in the opinion of Bochart (De fac. animal. Par. i. Lib. iu. cap. la. and 14.) wild-cats are intended. See Blayney on Jer. 1. 39, The lxx have 9t!fi», and biffiop Lowth the wild beafts of the deferts. Ibid. howling monfters ] Heb. czj'nN. This word occurs only in this place, and the exadl meaning of it is very doubtful. I follow biffiop Lowth. The lxx have Yi-x«. See De Roffi. Ibid. the daughters of the oftrich ] Some learned men have been of opinion that by nv the owl is intended; but it feems now to be generally agreed * See his Prolegom. <;ap. iii. 224 NOTES agreed that it means the oftrich. See Xenoph. Anab. p. 44, 45. n. 3, and 2. Edit. Hutchinfon. Svo. Ibid. And goats ] Heb. asn'yw). It had been fo often and fo decifrvely proved that the word fignifies goats, znd not fatyrs, that- the reader can not but be aftoniffied. to find this word retained by biffiop Lowth. See Spencer De leg. Heb. 349, &c. Vitringa on Rev. xviii. .2. cited by Wetftein on Matt. iv. 24. p. 284; Lowman on Rev. xviii, 2./ and Farmer on Miracles, p. 250 — 253,-,on Demo niacs, p. 329. and Letters to Worthington, p. 43,. 44. The common Engliffi verfion is, " and fatyres- ffiall dance there ;" but. the biffiop,.. not contented ~' with retaining the/flif)'?' J, hath made the tranflation worfe by rcprefenting them as holding their revels, as if he believed all the fooliffi ftories told concerning fawns, and fatyrs, and incubi. See a defcription of thefe imaginary beings in . Taylor on the Grand Apoftacy, p. 85, 86. The Engliffi verfions of 1550 and 1574 ha-ve, " and apes ffiall daunce there." 22. jackalls -] Heb. cz)".«. This word is rendered in the EngUfh bible the wild beafts ofthe iftands, and by biffiop Lowth, wolves ; but rhe pro bability is that it means jackalls. See Blayney on Jer. 1. 3^. and Merrick on Pf lxiii. 10. Ibid. and dragons ] , Heb. C3':ni. The famous Dr. Pocock and other learned men* under ftand by this word jackalls ; but if thefe creatures be intended by the word £=!"«, it cannot be fuppofed that another word would fo foon be ufed in the fame fenfe. See 2 Harmer, 529, 530; where the ingenious author offers fome ftrong reafons for be lieving that the word never vnearrs jackalls. CHAP, * See Pocock on Mic. i. 8. and Mal. i. 3, Twells'sLifc of Dr. Pocock, and Dr. Hunt's Oration in 1748, p. 16, 17. If, On "ISAI A H. ' 225 CHAP. XIV. •¦'I. will again chooffe ] See Taylor's Key, No. II. '•^ — -^ in which — ] Biffiop Lowth hath given an important reading from the Pachomian MS. ofthe LXX, Kai BfXt tv TH nftE/S* £H£tm H XVXtrXMtSH (TB Kugio?, &c. but he faw not the ufe which may be made ofit. This reading, which is confirmed by Chald. Syr. Arab, and Vulgate, throws great light on the following ode, and proves the biffiop's tranf- lationand interpretation to be wrong. In his intro dudlion to his notes on this and the foregoing chap ter he reprefents a chorus of Jews as introduced ex prefiing in this ode their furprize and aftoniffiment at the fudden downfall of Babylon, and certain other perfons introduced therein who light upon. the corpfe of the king of Babylon,- caft out and lying naked upon the bare ground, among the common! flain, juft after the taking of the city ; and in his fecond note on xlv. i . fpeaking of the taking ofthe city by Cyrus he obferves, from Xenoph. Cyrop. vii. p. 528. that " the gates of the palace were opened impru dently by the king's orders to inquire what was the caufe of the tumult -yi/ithout ; when the .two parties under Gobrias and Gadatas ruffied in, got poffeffion ofthe palace, and few the king." But Mr. Jackfon ' in his Chronology (i, 398 — 433.) clearly proves that the king of Babylon was not flain by Cyrus at the taking ofthe city, and that the only king of Babylon flain by him . was Nerigliffar, over -whom he ob tained a complete vidlory in the year before Chrift 554, i'. e. feventeen or eighteen years before the tak ing of the city, which happened in the year before Chrift 536. According to this moft accurate Chro- P nologer 226 NOTES nologer Nebuchadnezzar died in the year before Chrift 561, and. was fucceeded by his fon Evii- merodach, who, when he had reigned three years, was depofedr' and put to death by Nerigliffar' the hufband of his fifter. NerigUflar having fo depofed Evil-merodach, fucceeded to the kingdom,, and hav^ ing reigned four years was flain by Cyrus. He was fucceeded by his fon Laborofoarchod, being the grandfon of Nebuchadnezzar and the Belffiazzar men tioned in Dan. v, . who, in lefs than a year * was killed ? Againft this account an objeftion may be formed from Dan. viii. 1. -where mention is. rnade.ofthe third year of the reign of king Bellhazzar ; but'Mr. Jackfon (i. 365,566, 417, 422.) hath fhewn it to be highly probable, that in Dan. vii, i. and viii. 1. vi^e ought ior Betjhazzar to read Darius. This change, he obferves,' is ftrongly recommerided.hy circumftances, and is confirmed by the ancient Pafchal Chronicle, which plac ed! the prophecies ofthe feventh and eighth chapters in the firft and third years of Darius the Mede, and by the Epitome of theChroriicoh of Eufebius,. which placeth the vifion of the four beafts contained in the feventh chapter in the firft year of Da rius. Mr. Jackfon might have gone farther, and might have obferved, that there is as good reafon for reading Cyrus inftead of Darius in Dan. ix. i. and xi, 1. If in Dan. viii. I. we ought to mnjce the alteration propofed by him, it muft appear improbable that a vifion in the third year of Darius fliould be immediately followed by a vifion in the firft year of his reign, Befides, it is probable' that the revelation in ths ninth chapter was made to Daniel a ftiort time before the end of the captivity, which was to continue feventy years ; and if fo, and if, as Mr. Jackfon feems to have proved, Darius, i.e. Aftyages, had been depofed by Cyrus fourteen years before that event, it is neceflary to underftand this revelation as made in the firft year ofthe reign of Cyrus at Babylon, and not in the firft year of the_ reign of Darius there. It is remarkable that MS, No, 2, in which there is a rafure, feems at firft to have had both names ; and it may be obferved farther in fupport of the fuppofed alter ation in the names, that in Dan. xi. i, where the reading of the Hebrew is,- in thefrjl year of Darius the Mede, the reading ofthe Greekj which, is confirmed bythe Arabic, is euru it^uta KTPOY, in the frjl year If C^tavs. It" will be objeaed, that if ¦ Ow I S A 1 Ari. i227 .killed by his courtiers at a feaft which he had pro vided for them. On his death in the year before' Chrift, 553 Darius the Mede, i.e. Aftyages, the . grand-father of Cyrus, took the adminiftratiorf of the kingdom, and fuffered Nabonadus a Babylo nian nobleman, and one of the confpirators againft Belffiazzar, to govern the kingdom under him. Aftyages, after thus appointing Nabonadus to go vern the kingdom, departed from Babylon to Ec- batana the capital of Media, taking with him the prophet Daniel, v/hom he advanced to great power. In two or three years afterwards the Perfians, who were fubjedl to the Medes, revolted from Aftyages, and under Cyrus defeated him at Pafargadx in Perfia and took him prifoner. , From this time the king doms of Media and Perfla were united under Cyrus ; and. on this revolution the Babylonians ffiook off their dependence, and Nabonadus governed them in his own right and affifted Crcefus in the war againft CyruSj, who now became engaged in many wars, and at length, about fourteen years after the defeat of A ftyages, took Babylon in the year before Chrift S36i Nabonadus was not now killed or taken ; but P 2 'he if this reading be right, a revelation in the firft year of Cyrus is placed after one in the third year of his reign in chapter x. But although in Dan. x. n the reading ofthe Hebrew, which is confirmed by all the verfions in the London Polyglot, is — ^ in the THiRiJ year of Cyrus, yet the Chifian Greek MS, which Was publiflied at Rome in 1772, hath in the fi k&t year; knd this feems to be the true reading, for in the firft year ofhis reign at Babylon, and in the year before Chrift 535, Cyrus publiflied a decree from his palace at Ecbatana in Media, giving liberty to the jews to return to jerufalem and ^o build their temple, and in Dan. i. ai. we are informed. That Daniel con,- tinued to the first year of Gyrus the King, It appears alfo, by Theodoret's Cominentary on Dan. x. i, that the reading in many Greek copies ofhis time was, in the firfl year of Cyrus. See the aboveimentioned Roma^ edition, p. 62. 228 N- O T E S he fled to Borfippa, a ftrong city in Chaldea, and was there taken by Cyrus, who treated him with. great clemency, and made him governor of Carma- nia in Perfia, where he fpent the remainder ofhis days. , , . ^ - This is a ffiort abftradl ofthe account which Mr. Jackfon hath cofledted from a comparifon of all the remaining hiftories of thefe tranflations. But if this account be true, it will be afked,— -Is it poffible to underftand the thirteenth and fourteenth chapters of Ifaiah in confiftency with it ? 1 anfwer, that the above-mentioned reading in the lxx affords a com plete folution of the difficulty; and in confequence of it the prophet is to be underftood in the follow ihg manner. Having in the thirteenth chapter, and the two firft verfes of the fourteenth foretold in the moft exprefs manner, and in the moft beautiful lan guage, the deftrudlion of the Babylonian empire, and the delivery of the Jews from flavery, he proceeds to inform them, that in that day in which God ffiould give thera some reft by the defeat and death of the king of Babylon, in a great and blOody battle, they ffiould exult over;him in the elegant ode which he immediately fubjoins. His meaning is not, as the biffiop underftands him, that immediately upon the deftrudtion of the Babylon his countrymen ffiould fo exult ; but that many years before that event God in his goodnefs to them would caufe the rigour of their flavery to be confiderably abated. If we adopt this interpretation the prophecy and the hiftory will be perfedlly confiftent : but if, with biffiop Lowth and others, we underftand the prophet as informing his countrymen that they ffiould pro nounce the ode when God ffiould have given them COMPLETE reft by the deftrudlion of Babylon and the defeat and death of the king, the prophecy and die hiftory will be contradidlory the one to the other, and On isaiah. 229 and abfolutely irreconcfleable.' I will only add, that this interpretation is ftrongly confirmed by the ode itfelf, in which is contained a clear prophecy of the complete deftrudtion of JBabylon, which could not be introduced with propriety into an ode not to be pro nounced till that prophecy ffiould; be in a great de gree accompliffied. See xiv. 22, 23, and fee biffiop LOwthonxxi. i. xliU. 14, and xliv. 27. Ibid. ' ¦ ' ffiall caufe thee to enjoy fome reft— — ] Heb. ri'Jn. lxx, xvxirxya-Bu The meaning is, fhall procure for thee fome refpite ; nqt, as biffiop Lowth underftands, Jhall refcue thee intirely. So in Exod. V. 5. Pharaoh, according to the lxx, faith, ftn bm avxTrxv ferable to the prefent reading ofthe Hebrew. It is thus ; " As a garment polluted with blood is impure, fo likewife thou ffialt be deemed impure ; becaufe, ¦ &c. ~" It may be farther obferved in favour of the Greek verfion, that r=ir\ii, with them, in the prefent Hebrew is fimilar to nn«, thou, found by the On isaiah. 231 LXX, and that the word^ here rendered by them irB(p}j^l/.ivov they have rendered in the fame manner in Ezek. xvi. 6. 22. where it'is joined with cmn, with blood, as it is in Ifaiah in their verfion. 2 1 . with warriors—-—] Lxx, -TtoXB^m, or, according to fome copies, t^oXb^mv. This laft feems to be the true fenfe. The common tranflation, with cities, which the biffiop fofl ows, is Uable to great^ objedlions. Biffiop Cbyerdale hath caft els and tounes; but the verfions of 1 574 and 1 599 have enemies. See Syr. Chald. and Arab. Men -who employ their pow er and influence ih adorning and enriching the world with ciries,'for the accommodation of their fpecies, are juftly denominated benefadlors of mankind; but thofe who . raife and fupport, large armies, and ufe them only for purpofes of ambition and tyranny, ou^ht to be viewed in a different light, and are, in Milton's words, ' " Deftroyers rightlier called and plagues of men." P. L. xi. 697. 11. — — -the fon and pofterity.] See i Jackfon, 409. Lxx, xai (TTFE^jft*. 24-— 27. Mr. Jackfon (i. 323, 324,) underftands nhe deftrudlion of Senacherib's army, which is re lated in I Kings, xix. 20, &c. 2 Chron. xxxii. 21. and Ifaiah xxxvii. 21, &c. to be here foretold; and biffiop Lowth in his note faith, " That the circum ftance of this judgment's being to be executed on God's mountains is of importance ; and that it may mean the deftrudtion of Senacherib's army near Jer rufalem." If this opinion be right, this paffage ought not to be confidered, as it is by the biffiop, as part of the ode contained in this chapter ; but as a diftindl prophecy. It is fo confidered by the lxx, who thus introduce it, Txh-XiytiKv^ioi;. As the de feat of Senacherib's army happened in the year be fore Chrift 712, it is manifeft that; a prophecy of thi%. event cpuld not be inferted in an ode of triumph on P 4 the 211 NOT E S -J the death of NerigUffar, which happened 158 years afterwards, or on the conqueft of Babylon, which happened 17 years after his death.' See i Jackfon, 324.402. 427., 430. 32. — ¦ — the ambaffadors ] Lxx Sao-jXEif, the kings. This is probably the true meaning. The two words in Hebrew are fo fimilar that the fame miftake hath been made in other places. In Gen. xlviii. 16. the angel ffiould be the king. See 2 Hal lett, 3^y. In 1 Kings yi. 33. the tneffenger fhould be the king. See Commentaries and Effays, i. 329. See alfo 2 Kings, vii. 17. i Chron. xxi. 20. and Prov. xiU. 17. CHAP. XV. I. The Moabites:] In this and the rieixt chap ter, Moab, in the bifhop's tranflation, is improperly fometimes mafcullne, and fometimes feminine. Ibid. are reduced to fiJence I J Dr. Blayney ffiews this to be the true meaning ofthe original. See his notes on Jer. xlvU. 5. and xlviii. 2. "The biffiop's tranflation is, Moab is undone ! 2. to the altars.] Heb. maan. Dr. Jubb in a note on Uii. 9. communicated to biffiop Lowth hath well diftinguiffied between ninn the plural of non and c='niDa the plural of niDD. •' Unluckily, faith he, our Engliffi Bible has not diftinguiffied the feminine noun nnn from the mafculine fingular noun niDj ; and has confequently always given the fignifi cation of the latter to the former, always rendering it ' a high place :' Whereas the true fenfe of the word appears plainly to be, in the very numerous paffages in which it occurs, * a place of worffiip,' or ' a facred court, or ' a facred inclofure ;' whe ther appropriated to the worffiip of idols, or to that of the true God; for it is ufed of both paffim." Tiie On ISAIAH. 233 The LXX here and in xvi. 12. and klfo Jer. Vn. 31. xvxU. 35. xlviii. 35. Hof x. 8. and Amos vii. 9.' ufe the word 610^0;, which feems to be derived from nQ3, and fignifies an altar. This is probably the true meaning of n03 in ali the places ¦ in which it occurs." 5. See Blayney on Jer. xlviU. 5., 7, See Blayney on Jer, xlviu. 36. and 3 Harmer 77, &c. 9. The true reading and fenfe of this verfe, arid of the firft verfe in the next chapter are, as biffiop Lowth obferves, very doubtful. I have adopted his tranflation, but am far from being fatisfied with it. The verfion ofthe lxx is very different ; but is not unexceptionable. CHA P. XVL I , "The reading of the Syriac -i3 is farther con firmed by four of De Roffi's MSS. The fenfe however is very doubtful., 3. To the authorities for the fingular number the bifhop ought to have added, the lxx, BsXeus, iroul te (forte o-b). 6. We have heard,] In Jer, xlvni, 29. the lxx have iiKisffx, and in Zeph. U. 8. cited by biffiop Lowth, the Hebrew is in the fingular number. 7. See Blayney on Jer. xlviU. 31. 8, 9. See Blayney on Jer. xlviii. 32. 12. in their places of worffiip.] Rather, at their altars. See note on xv. 2. CHAP. XVII. 2. Lxx, KXtxXlXl\\/.lVt\ B^li tov X\U'JX. 6, See 4 Harmer 106, &-c. 8. -i_ the 134 NOTES 8. -; the images or Aftarte.], Biffiop Lowth and many others render the word tq'Ti'w groves ; but it is .probable that by this word, images of the goddefs i^Aftarte are intended here and in many other places. See SelderiDe Diis Syris. Syntag. ii. c. 2. and Spencer De Leg. Heb. i. 506, &c. Ibid. the folar ftatues.] See Patrick and Le Clerc on Levit. xxvi. 30. 13. he ffiafl rebuke ] The word Jeho- V.4.J1 feems to be loft here ; but no authority for reftoring it appears. 14. -^ — __and he is no more ! ] The reading adopted by the biffiop is confirmed by many of De Roffi's Mss. In this verfe the h-six and Arabic have you twice inftead of us. CHAP. XVIIL I have followed biffiop Lowth in tranflating this chapter, -vvhich he reprefents as containing one ofthe moft obfcure prophecies in the book of Ifaiah. I am inclined; however to think that a comparifon of the verfion ofthe lxx with the Chaldee paraphrafe will enable us to improve the tranflation pf the fourth, .fifth and fixth verfes in fuch a manner tliat much bf the obfcurity will be removed. I fubmit the following tranflation of thofe verfes,. and ofthe third, to the judgment of the .reader. 3. All ye who inhabit the world, and who dwell upon the earth, when the ftandard ffiall be eredled upon the mountains, behold 1 and when the trum pet ffiall be founded, hear * ! 4. For thus Jehovah hath faid to, me ; Secu- ** rity ffiall be in my city ; which will be as the light * Biftiop Lowth underftands God to be the agent in this verfe, and the ftandard and trumpet to mean the meteors, the thunder. om isaiah. 235 light of the meridian fun, and as the dewy cloud in a harveft-day*.'' 5. Surely before the harveft f , while the budis perfedl, or the bloffom is becoming a fweUing grape, he will deftroy the leaders with a fword; and the,ftrong ones he will deftroy and cut off: 6. And they ffiall.be left' together for the birds of the air, -and the beafts of the. earth; and the birds of the air ffiall be gathered to them, and all the beafts of the earth ffiaU-, come to them :|:. CHAP. thunder, the lightning, the ftorm, earthquake and tempeft, by which Senacherib's army ftiould be deftroyed, or by which at leaft the" deftrudlion of it ftiould be accompanied; but it is -more probable that the verfe hath no relation to thofe circurii— ftances. It feems intended to defcribe the approach of Sena cherib's army.. toward Jerufalem, and its ftation on, the moun tains IB it's neighbourhood, and it challengeth the attention of .ail mankind to the wonderful event which would foon take place. -* In this verfe I follow the^ lxx confirmed by the Arabic; and, in a great degree, by the Chaldee. They all feem to have found the word ntfa. which in Jer, xxxi. zz. feems to be almoft as much corrupted as in this'place. See Commentaries and Eflaysi, ii, 50 — 53, In the Hebrew the word lis is out of it's place, and the words ''7^ n!f are corrupted from Cini*. Compare with this verfe xxx, z6. The reading O-Ca, which -the bifliop adopts, is faither confirmed by many of De Roffi's MSS, f The biftiop hath the 'vintage, and the words immediately following favour this verfion : but the authorities are on the other fide. The remaining part of the verfe contains an aftu- ranee ofthe fpeedy deliverance of God's people from the moft imminent danger by the deftruftion of the Afl"yrian army in a miraculous manner. The words rendered by the bilhop, a- , greeably to the lxx, Jhoots and branches are fo rendered in no other places ; and the Chaldee gives inftead of them words fignifying />¦?»«/ or leaders, 3.nA ftrong men. t It feems incongruous to reprefent the Jhoots and branches as left .together for the birds ofthe. air and the beafts of the eirth ; and the former ai fummering upon them and the latter ' as 23S N'O T E S C HA P. XIX. 5. they ffiafl' drink— ^] The Lxx and Ara bic give this reading; which feems to be right. •The water ofthe Nile is remarkably good; and in order to paint the diftrefs of the country, the inhabitants are reprefented as reduced to the necef- ¦ fity of drinking water from the fea for want of their ufual fupp'y from the Nile. Mr. Harmer confiders iSie prophfet as defcribing the utmoft failure of wa ter in the Nile and it's branches. See 2 Harmer 294 — 308'. The LXX have Kai TFiovtxt 01 Aiyvtrtm, and are confirmed by the Arabic. It is therefore probable that the word anifD is loft from the He brew, as it might eafily be, the two next words being fimflar to it. g. . y^l^Q fet .^-oiis u-j FToils feem to be intended, and not, as biffiop Lowth and others underftand, nets. See 2 Harmer, 329, &c. 9. • — r and they who make wicker-work.] See 4 Harmer, 450. 10. — who make barley-wine for their drink — ] I follow the LXX and Syriac. See Shaw, 407. 2 Harmer, 308. J C5. Noph.J " Eft hic, faith Grotius, in Heb. «T', fed redlius fcribitur Ofeas ix. 6, ']0. Sic mons ei adfitiis /xw?)i HerodOto." So lxX, Vulg. Syr. Arab. ai wintering upon them : but there is great propriety in repre fentlng, agreeably to the Chaldee, the leaders and the reft of the army of Senacherib as left for~birds and beafts of prey. See Dtut. xxviii. z6. and Michaelis on Lowth, p. no, &c. The words rendered to fummer and to nuinter are fo rendered in no other places. For xp the lxx feem to ^haye found a word formed, from S3p and for the other word fome word fig nifying to come. On I S a I A H. 237 /* rab and Chald. here, and Jer. n. r6. xliv. i. xlvi. 14. 19, Ezek, xxx. i p. i^. the branch or ruffi ] See note on ix. 13. 18, -T-T the city ofthe fun.] This feems to-be the true reading. See Diff. Gen. Sedl. 21. 126. Blayney on Jer. xUii. 13. and the note on Hof. iv. 15. in Commentaries and Effays, ii. 74. Dr. De Roffi adds five MSS which have or had onn, the fun. Sym. TTo^if JiAis. - 25. Becaufe -] I follow the Syriac in thus rendering "itf n ; and the context favours this fenfe. It is certain -that the word is often fo to be under ftood. See the note on Exod. in. 14. in Commen taries and Effays, i. 286, &c. The particle is per haps here applied to the preterit tenfe conveYfively, as in Gen. xxii. 14. it is applied to the future. See I Kennicott's State of the Hebrew Text, p. 511. CHAP. XX. 2. ¦—— to Ifaiah.] In the Hebrev/ it is "r»3, which fignifies by, as biffiop Lowth and others have rendered it; but the lxx, confirmed by the Arabic, have -B-poc H(r«i«v, to Ifaiah, and the context re quires this fenfe. Coverdale hath, unto. CHAP. XXL 2. The plunderer is plundering, and the deftroyer is deftroying.] Biffiop Lowth hath very injudlci oufly given a paffive fenfe to two words by ren dering them is plundered and is deftroyed. They are underftood adlively by lxx, Arab. Chald, Syr. and 23? NOT E S and Vulgate,; and this fenfe is manifeftly required. The prophet in vifion fees the cruelties inflidted on his countrymen by the Babyloniaiis, and hears the orders of God iffued to the Perfians and Medes to fet out on an expedition againft the tyrannical oppreffors ofhis people; and this, reprefentation is perfedlly confiftent with the fubfequent parts of the vifion. But it would be incongruous to ftate in the firft place that the plunderer"and deftroyer, had' been plundered and deftroyed, and then ther orders of God to the Perfians and Medes to make an at tack upon him in order that the people of God, his captives, might be refcued from his tyranny. Ibid. For I will put an end to all his oppreffions.] It feems neceffary to underftand this as future : and nine MSS have or had "jd^, which will authorife this verfion, the vau being converfive. Syr, alfo hath the 1. One MS, No, 1 87, hath inrnx with the maf culine fuffix, which I follow. 3. at the~ report at the fight.] The bifhop's tranflation, agreeably to the lxx, is, fo thtit I cannot hear fo that I cannot fee. The Vulgate hath, cum audirem cum viderem ; and to the fame effedt the Engliffi Bible, The Hebrew wili bear either tranflation. 4. I am faflen into, great horror.] The lxx and Arabic give this fenfe, which is mpre fultable than the fenfe afforded by the prefent Hebrev/, Syr. Chald. and Vulg. They muft have found 'tyb: in ftead ofthe prefent reading ^:in; and in the 14th and' 15th verfes it iti omitted in fome of Dr. Kennicott's and Dr. De Roffi's copies. The words at the end ofthe 14th verfe I have omitted, as they feem to be a repetition by miftake. They are not in lxx' or Arabic. The eafieft remedy for the defedl in the 14th verfe, and alfo in chap. v. 9, is by reading nirrn in both, as the Chaldee paraphraft feems to have red. In xxin. I. a fimilar expreffion occurs ; " From the land of Chittim the tidings are brought [nVj3, it is revealed,] to them." CHAP. XXIII. I . the place ] The Vulgate hath do mus; and the' true reading feems to be non, which may be rendered genei'ally the place. , See Taylor's Concord, n'3 No. 15. I. and Trommius under tottoj. The Chaldee paraphraft found nan, or fome word in the nominative cafe. See ver, 14, ' . Ibid, ^ fo that no one go'eth into it.] Heb., Nina ; which Chald. underftands here and in xxiv, 10. as I do. In xxiv. 10. lxx, Arab, and Vulg. and biffiop Lowth underftand the word in the fame manner. 2., *-of die ifland.] So the word in the ori ginal properly fignifies ; and fb it is rendered in this and the 6th verfe bythe lxx,' Arab. Chaid. and Vulg. On t S a t a Hi 24* Vulg. bifliop Lowth hath improperly varied frorri tlie Engliffi bible, by fubftituting thefea-coaft inftead of ifte. The Bifhop underftands this prophecy as ^d'enOJIncing: the deftrudtion of Tyre by Nebu chadnezzar : but Mr. Jackfon (i. 349, 350, 375 «— 377. iii. 30. 11:^.) hath clearly , fhewn that it ijath no f elation to the Tyre which was taken by Nebuchadnezzar. It relates folely to Insular Tyre, .ind to the conqufeft of it by Alexander in the year 332 before Chrift> when this great city was intirely -denioUlhedj and moft of the inhabitant!? flaihi Thofe who remained, and efcaped not ta Cantbage, were fold for flaves to the Greelcs, and" W«re fimt captives to Macedonia ; and fo, as in the 1 2th verfe, they paffed over to Chittim^ wherd tfaey had no reft. The Tyre taken by Nebuchad nezzar was an inland city cafled Old Tyre, the an cient feat of the Tyrian kingSj to whicSh tlie In- fiilar Tyre -was fubjedl. 3. of the Nile -] The lIsx reading the Word. with a D inftead of asy have rendered it /*£-. *tx%eXwi See Sha-vv's Travels. 283. 284. 1189. 7. As to tlie antiquity of Infular Tyre, fee 3 jackfon p. 30i 9. Heb. '3S. It ought perhaps to bjg ra'na:.' " To debafe the pride of afl the princes/' 10, II. The LXX and Arabic feem to fupply tlie beft fenfe. 12. -the dajaghter of Sidon !] See biffiop Pearce oia Adls xii. 2.0. 13. In this verfe the HfeW'^w anki. Greek are very different ; a-fed it feems to be greatly eorrtiptedi 15^ " The year,- faith Mr.- Jackfon, (i. 349,. 350j) before Cteifl 606 being the comniencement or epoch of the Babykarian entire; which was de ftroyed by Cyrtis in the year before Chrift 536^ this etnpife lafted jufl 70 yeara^ And this gives Q* great 242 NOTES great light to the prophecy of Ifaiah, ch. xxiii. t^, viz. And it Jhall come to pafs in that day, that Tyre Jhall be forgotten 70 years, according' to the- days (or, time, as the Greek verfion has iti) rfm^ king, i.e. of one kingdom, which is the prophetic dialedl; as is well known. And it is very proba-- ble that the, prophet intended to reprefent the 70 years defolation of Infular Tyre by the. 70 years continuance of the Babylonian kingdom ; becaufe Nebuchadnezzar, the principal king of Babylon, was to deftroy Old Tyre, which was the metropoUs and feat of the Tyrian kingdom : and therefore the reprefentation of Tyre being, forgotten or defo late by the term of the duration of this kingdom was very natural as well as beautiful." The Tyre which Nebuchadnezzar fubdued and demoliffied was never rebuilt, as Ezechiei foretold, xxvi. 14.' 21 ; but the Infular Tyre in the year before Chrift- 262, being 70 years after the deftrudtkin of it by: Alexander, recovered it^s trade and flouriffied again, agreeably to the prophecy of Ifaiah. 16. See 4 Harmer 286. 17. Biffiop Lowth's tranflation of part of this verfe is thus ; " And ffie ffiall return to her gainful pradlice ; and ffie ffiafl play the harlot with aU the kingdoms of the world, that are upon the face of the earth." -The verfion of the lxx, which' is con firmed by the Arabic, and In feveral particulars by the Chaldee, gives a better fenfe; K«» trxXw xtto- KXtxit\(SBtx\ ivc, TO xpyxxov, KX\ tfXl tf/.'TropiOV WXITXli TXK^xTtXitxii; tm mkuftitvni. In fome copies are ad ded thefe words, f-asi trpoe-uirov tnq ym, . Upon the face cf the earth); but as they add nothing to the ferife, and are omitted in the Alexandrian MS. and the Complutenee edition ; they are perhaps an addition' to the genuine lxx. As to the word x-woKxtx';t[>TiTXk, fee Biffiop Pearce on Matt. xvU. 1 1 , xix, a8. and A(5s On I S a I a M. 243 Adts iii. 21. It is remarkable that, two Hebre-wf MSS. N6, 30, and 72, as well as the Chaldee, have the word ^3^, to all, afifwering to thfe Trarsn? of the' IXX, infteadiof the common reading ^anK, 'with all. \%. The Aldine, lxx, and Arabic, have the -words in Jerufalem after Jehovah ; and they feem to be genuine. ' CHAP. XXIV. 7, The iVeet wirie — ^'\ See note ori xlix. 26, 8. " i^a:,, fUperbia yelfaftus, primo b, mihi, we ffiould read n"?, illi, \ij., Arieli, This is the fenfe given by Symmachus and Vulgate ; Jt«i tf-aj xaruiJuvoj v.ai ' o^uvwjufni, et erit triftis et mar ens. The Vulgate, in agreement with the Hebrew, adds, et erit mihi quafi Ariel; but it is abfurd to fay, that, Ariel fhall be as Ariel, or to underftand, as the Biffiop doth, Ariel in the firft verfe, and in the beginning of the fecond, and alfo in the feventh verfe, as a proper name for Jerufalem, and in the other part ofthe fepond yerfe as an appel lative. On is a I A H. 249 lative, fignifying the hearth ofthe great Altar. The LXX. and Arabic, as well as Symmachus, have no thing anfwering to Vm'-i«3, which might be derived from bnni they ffiall be vifited ] The true reading feems to be nps', vifitabuntur, as in xxiv. 22. 'I'he verfion of the lxx in this place is flTno-KOTru tf«i, aad in thiC other it is the fame, with the addi tion of auTWi/'. . 9. Delay and wonder; indulge yourfelves in plea-^ fure, and cry for help.] Biffiop Lowth hath here JBJudjcioufly varied, from the Engliffi Bible, and all the ancient verfions, by tranflating the verbs in the third perfon, which they uriderftood in the fe cond. The true fenfe is given in Dr. Taylor's Con cordance, Root' 1085. The two next verfes deci- fively prove the Biffiop's tranflation here to be wrong. Ibid. Ye who are drunk, but not through wine; ¦ye who ftagger, but not through ftrong drinli.] This is agreeable to the Syriac verfion; which is in part confirmed by Theodofion's KlNOTMENOl> v.ai a siKipx. See Bos and Hexapla. MS No. 250 hath l»o, as in U. 21. and Pfj IxxviU. 6S' See xxviii. lOv ———hath caufed you to imbibe'— ] LXX, tcBTtoriKev. They and Arabic feem to have red asnpu^n, which is probably the true reading. In Pf. lx. 3. an expreffion in fome degree fimilar occurs; thou haft made us to drink the wine of aftonifhment. See -alfb i Cor. xii. 13. add Pearce's note. St. Paul (Rom. xi. 8.) giving the fubftance of two prophecies, to one of which the word ufed by the LXX would not apply, properly changeth it for the more general word s^wxek. Ibid. sj-o N b T E S Ibid. ^of fleep.] Heb. nornn; but in Pf. ixl 3. the word is n>jfin. In both thefe places the LXX ufe the word JtssTwwgi?, which is commonly'' tranflated f(?»i^a«^/(?, and it hath been doubted whe ther it ever f\gniB.es fteep or flumber: but this doubt feems to have been entertained without reafon ; for in Dan. x. 9.. the words n/Anv KxtxvtwyiABvoi fignify I was in a de-ep fleep, 'and the words vura^u, vuray- (uof, ivvrx^a and twivvs-x^a are ufed in like manner in If V. 27. lvi. 10. Pf. lxxv. 6. cxxi. 3. 4. cxxxii. 4. and Prov. vi..4. ' Ibid, —————and the prophets—^] Many copies have preferved the conjunftion 1. See Ken nicott and De Roffi. 13. This verfe is cited by our Saviour, j^att.; XV. 8, 9. and Mark vii. 6, 7 ; but there are now fome variations between the original and the cita tion. The principal difference is noticed by Biffiop Lowth, who on the authority of the lxx, and New Teftament rightly reads inni for 'nn: ; as to which variation, fee alfo Kennicott's Diff. Gen. Sedl. 84, 10. 85. 113. and p. 1 25. In the lxx we now have TijLtwo-i ; but it is probable that they originally gave T»|x«, as we have this word in Matthew and Mark, Clemens R. Epift. i. c. 15. and U. c. 3. and Eufe bius on the pfalms, p. 473, and as it is farther con firmed, not only by the Old Latin, Syr. Arab, and VulgatCj but alfo by Twelve Hebrew MSS, which have 'nnp. This circumftance is in itfelf of little im portance ; but it may induce us to believe the lxx to be right in fome other fmall variations in this verfe from the prefent Hebrew. - They feem to have red >b for '3 ty ; i«l' for^ canR-i', and cantsbo for niaba. In all thefe variations they are confirmed by the New Teftament ; and in fome of them by Arab. Vulg. Chald. and the Old Latin in Tercui- jian. p. 443. p. and 479. A. 14. This On ISAIAH, 251 14. This verfe is more corrupted than the pre ceeding ; and ought certainly to be corredled by the txx and Arabic. The beginning in the in- terUneary -verfion In the London Polygiotis thus ; Ideo ecce ego addens ad mirificandum cum populo ifto mirabile et miraculum. As it is impoffible to extradl from thefe words any fenfe, we ought to be thank ful for the affiftance afforded by the Greek and Arabic verfions, which I have followed, and with -which the Hebrew will agree if we make fome fmali jilteratio;qs in three words, by forming them from n^J and not from vhs. In the remainder of the verfe two alterations are neceflary, for which we have, abundant authority. St. Paul (i Cor. i. 19.) faith ; f* It is written, I will deftroy {xtroXu)) the wifdom pf the -wife, and will bring to nothing (afijTJio-u) the underftanding of the prudent." The verbs in the Hdsrew are in the third perfon ; but In the lxx, Arabic and Old Latin they are in the firft. The prefent copies of the lxx have Kpv\u, inftead of wSfTtio-w tbe s(rord ufed by St. Paul ; but the latter* word feems to have been originafly ufed by them, as it is found in Juftin. p. 308, 309. and in Eufe bius in his commentary on the place, and on xix, 8, and alfo as it Is further confirmed by the Old Latin in Tertullian. p. 475. C. and Cyprian. T. p. 220. Edit. FeU. and p. 247. Edit. Baluz. The former ¦ hath irritam faciam, and the latter reprobabo. 15.— ——or our works?] lxx *i x %^ii<;Tro\^^iv; ^nd in Uke manner Arab, and Syr. The word in the Hebrew, which in the Engliffi Bible is rendered furely your turning of things upfide down, and by biffiop Lowth perverfe as ye are, feems to be a cor ruption. 16. Behold, ye are efteemed ] So the Chaldeie, and alfo the Syriac -^ith the omiffion of Behold ; 2S2 NOTES Behold; hvit the lxx and Arabic by way of quef tion. Shall ye.npt be efteemed^ ? Ibid- i — " Thou haft not made me" — " Thou haft no underftanding!"] The verbs ciLight certainly to be in the fecond perfon, as they are in lxx. Arab. Syr. Chald. and Vulg. See xlv. 9. and Rom, ix. 20. It is remarkable that De Roffi's MS, No. 663, had at firft the true reading.. }on n';, non intelligis. ly as a city.] Heb. "iy'3; but I think that we are authorized by the Chaldee Paraphrafh^ who hath eivitatibus muliis. habitabitur here and in xxxii. 1 5, to read by tranfpofition '"i'j?3. .. The con text in both places ftrongly recommends this read ing; for it is manifeft that in both the prophet ii figuratively defcriblng an improved ftate of things, as in xxxni. 9. he defcrlbes in fimilar language an unprofperous fituation of affairs. " Afpdxi, faith Jeremiah Iv. 26. et ecce Carmeium defertum, et omnes ejus urbes dirutas ! A vuitu Jehovs, ab jeflu ejus irae flagrantis ?" This is biffiop Lowth's tranf lation in Praeledl. ix. The Engliffi Bible and Dr. Blayney improperly confider Carmel here as an ap.- peliative, the fruitful place, or the fruitful field. 19. The poor— — ] The Engliffi Bible and biffiop Lowtri have the meek. I follow the lxx and Arabic, whofe tranflation is confirmed by the pa rallel expreffion in the next fentence, the loweft of mankind, or, according to the lxx, 01 xTtnXicm^tvn' Ttov otvGfWTTUK. See note on lxi. i, at the beginning of chap. xlix. p. IOI. 21." and by falffiood over-reached the righ teous.] I incUne to think from the lxx that the true tranflation is, and caufed the righteous to turn afide to vanity. They have En' «i}'t^o*s, afid feem to have red inn^- ' CHAP. On I S a I a H. CHAP. XXX, 253 Their princes and their anabaffadors — ] Ought we not to read in both places your ? Vulg. hath tui ; Heb.- Chald. and Syr: his. ' 5. who profited them not-*- ^] The verb is future, and the tranflation ffiould be, wht? "ivould not profit ihem ; who would be of no help, and of no profit ; but would be even a fhame and a re- preach to than. See Dr. Kennicott's reniarks on Ekod. ix. 15, where he proves, that the circum ftances of a verb, ufually preter or future, may be qualified by might, would, ftoould, &c. See alfo Peters, on Job. p. 63, 6^. 2d. edit. JO.———*' Prophefy not right things: fpeak to us fmooth things > prophefy deceit."] See other examples of fimilar condudl in x Kings xxu. 8, &c. Jer. xxiii. 33, &c. Micah ii. 6. in Taylor's Concord. R. 1 152. Amos il. 12. vii. 10, &c. In like manner Homer defcrlbes Agamemnon as upbraiding the prophet who foretold to him difagreeable events ; Mam xKKut, u TTuwori ^oi t» x^yvon EtTra;. Iliad, i. 106. Augur accurft ! denouncing mifchief ftill ! Prophet of plagues, for ever boding ill } Fope. 1 2.— ——Jehovah— ] This word is liejfe ¦fupplied from MSS and Verfions ; and MSS and Verfions authorife the omiffion of 'nx In ver, 15. 15.— —and by contrition— ] 1 he con text favours this fenfe ; and It is confirmed by the LXX, Arab, ^nd Syr. They feem to have red nn:«i for f\mi. At the end of this verfe the word :io-dtb is loft from the text, as is apparent from lxx and Arab. .18, Neverthelefs— ] See note on vii. 14. Ibid 254 NOT E S Ibid. he will expedl in filence ¦} Biffiop Lo-wth, adopting a fmall alteration o( CDn> to an' pfopofed by Houbigant, gives this ti^nflar tion ; but ^ the prefpnt reading is fupported by al moft ail the MSS, as wefl as by lxx, Arab. Syr.. and V uigate, I think that the alteration is unjuftifi- able. The expreffion here is parallel to that in xxxui. lo- " Now wifl I arife, faith Jehova.h ; now wifl L lift up myfelf (czianN;) now wifl I be exalted:" i.e. to ffiew mercy to my people by in terpofing for their deliverance- In the verfe, under confideratlon the prophet in a fuller manner declares that God D3amV an', which words ought, I think, to be rendered, in agreement with the above men tioned parallel paffage, he will lift up himfelf te fhew mercy to you. lxx, t^ij^mttxi r'a %Xiwx\ u^iaf . ao -timely rain- ] Heb. I'lio. I fol low biffiop Lowth; whofe tranflation however is very different from the ancient verfions, which offer nothing- fatisfadlory. See Taylor's Cohcoxd. ^ R, 796, and Ezek. xxxiv. 26. 24.— r— — -weU-fermented maflin—^—] This Is biffiop Lowth's tranflation ; but as it is immediately added winnowed with the fhovel and the fan, which. defcription is more applicable' to corn in it's natural ftate, and as we learn from Eaftern traveUers that cattle in thofe countries are now, as formerly, fed: with ftraw mixed with barley, I think that -we ought to tranflate agreeably to the verfion of the trs.^Ji ftraw p.ixed with barley, (ap^u^a xvxirBiroiy^^Bv.x bv. >:piO*i,) and to be fatisfied thatthe word b>b-3. of itfelf expreffeth this mixture, or that the text is now corrupted. See I Harmer 427, &c. Ibid. with the ffiovel and tbe fan,]_ Here biffiop Lowth hath varied without reafon from die Engliffi Bible. His tranflation is, winnowed with the van. and the fieve. The word nm from nrs, fpaeiofumy, On ISAIAH, 255 fpaciofum, latum, fignifies a fhovel, and anfwers t6 the TTTuo^ in Matt iii. 13,, which ought to be tranf lated 7&0W/, and not fan. See Dr. Hunt's Oration in 1748. p. 21. not. and Dr. Jubb's Oration In 1780. p. 18 — 20. The other word nnro from m?, ventilare, fignifies a fan, and not a fieve. See Dr. Jubb's Oration, p. 19. not. and Syr. and Chald. 27.». the name of Jehovah ] That is, the power and majefty of God, or God himfelf. See the note on Gen. xlix. 23 — 26 in Commen taries and Effays, I. 283, &c. and Lowman's Ritual. 77- 28. And his fpirit— ] I ratherthink that the beginning of this verfe ought to be thus rendered, 4nd his wind, (inn) as a torrent overflowing to the neck, will befo direSled as to fift the nations with the fieve of vanity. Theverb nsn', which is rendered by the lxx and Arabic will be divided {Six^^i^writxi,) cannot be, applied to the word preceeding, which fignifies the neck, becaufe this word is governed by the prepofition -^y,'to, as it is in viii. 8. This and . the preceeding, and fome fubfequent veries contain a prophetical defcription of the means by which" Senacherib's army would be deftroyed, and a fimilar defcription of the fame event is given In chap., xxix. 5, 6 ; and in chap, xxxvii. 7. it is faid in the words of God himfelf, " Behold, I wifl fend a wtnd (nn) againft him." In this verfe the biffiop hath .again varied without reafon from the EngUffi Bible, ufing the words to tofs the nations tbith the van of perdition inftead of the words to fift the nations with the fieve of vanity. A fieve is more applicable to Kimchi's expofitlon cited by him, than a van. " ThS; van, faith he; with which God will winnow the na tions, will be the van of emptinefs or perdition ; for nothing ufeful Jhall remain behind, but all ffiall come to nothing and periffi,"^ 52. ^ 256 , . NOTES 32.— —T— againft him——] Lxx, xvtov. And fo Arab, and Syr. CHAP. XXXI. T.——— who truft in horfes—-^—] See biffiop "Lowth's note on ii. 7. 2, 3. Thefe verfes in the EngiilSi Bible, and in biffiop" Lowth's and my tranflation, feem to fignify that God would deftroy the Egyptians, the helpers- of the Jews and the Jews who were holpen by them ; but this cannot be the true meaning of the prophet, as it is inconfiftent with the verfes immedi-^ ately following and with feveral other prophecies in chapters xviii. xxix, xxx, xxxiii and xxxvii. I would therefore corredl the tranflation thiB ; " But- he in his wifdom will Inflldl evii, and will not fet afide his word : yea, he wfll rife againft the houfe of the wicked, and againft the helpers of thofe who work iniquity. The Egyptian is man, and not God ; and their horfes are fleffi, and not ipdrit := therefore Jehovah will ftretch forth his hand; and^ the helper ffiall fall, and the holpen ffiall be over-- thrown ; and together -ffiall all be deftroyed." By the houfe of the wicked and the helpers of thofe whip work' iniquity I underftand the A'flyrians and, their aUies ; not die Egyptians, nor the Jews who ap plied to them for affiftance. The lxx and AtalwC have introduced Irito the fecond verfe tbe word* upon them, which may perhaps have mifled Interpre ters, as ^hey muft neceflarlly be referred to the Jews or Egyptians, or to both: but as thofe words are not , in the Heb. Chald. Syr. or Vulgate, it is pro,- bable that they were inferted by miftake ; and this' opinion Is rendered raore probable by obferving. that the fame words are unneceffarily inferted by theiTj On ISAIAH. 257 them in the third yerfe, againft the authority of the Hebrew confirmed by Chald. Syr. and Vulg. 7. The word ntan ftands fo awkwardly at the end of the verfe that it is probably an interpolation. 8. ¦ ¦ — -when no-one ffiall purfue.] Dr.De Roffi hath this note ; " n^, non a facie gladii, Cod. Ken. 253, primo meus 380, BIbUa Sonclnenfia, lxx, Vulgatus, Arabs, quos fequitur Doederlein." I cannot but fubmit to thefe authorities ; and I think that the verfion of the lxx in the Alexan drian MS, which is confirmed by the Arabic, wifl enable us to improve die defcription by reading ^Ti, perfequentis, for 3in, gladii. The MS hath ax xira irpo(ru-mi StuKovto.<;, and the Arabic nemine perfequente. See Levit. xxvi, 17. 37. Prov. xxviii. i. 'i here is fome uncertainty as to the exadt meaning of the next verfe, and the remainder of this. I have adopted biffiop Lowth's tranflation. CHAP. XXXII. king -"] It is of importance to afcertain the perfon intended here ; and I think that many parts of the chapter lead us to conclude that the Meffiah is intended. It is certain that he is foretold in feveral parts of the Old 1 eftament under this charadter. See Zech. ix. 9. Pf ii. 6. and Jer. xxiii. 5. The firft of thefe paffages is cited in Matt. xxi. 5. and John xli. 15, with fome im material variations from the original. As to the fecond Pfalm, it is manifeftly uttered, as other pfalms are, in the perfon of the Meffiah,* and fe veral parts of it are cited as relating to the Meffiah in Afts iv. 2^, 26. xiii. 33, and Heb, i. 5. v. 5. The other paflage in the Old Teftament, to which 1 have above referred,- muft neceffarily be underftood R of * See Peirce on Keb< i, 5. ii, iz. and his Diflertatjons. p. 3^42. 258 NOTES of the Meffiah: and it is temarkably fimilar to the beginning of this chapter of Ifaiah. ' ibid. and rulers ffiafl rule with equity.] If the Meffiah be intended in the foregoing fentence, his Apoftles feem to be intended by thefe words. In Matt, xix, 28, and Luke xxu. 29, he affiires them that they fhould fit upon twelve thrones' judg ing the twelve tribes of Ifrael. " Our Lord, faith the judicious' Mr. Lindfey, reprefents the new ftate of the moral worid, which was to commence at the preaching of the Gofpel after his refurredlion as the regeneration or new birth,- as it were, of the world; and. he defcrlbes himfelf as fitting on a throne of glory, and his Apoftles as fitting along- with him judging or governing the twelve tribes' of Ifrael, i.e. the whole Chriftian church compofed of Jews and Gentiles combined together ; giving laws by which mankind were to regulate their condudl^ and according to which laws, and their obedience to them, their fate would be firiaUy determined." Se quel. 77, 78. - 2, the man——] i.e. the Meffiah before mentioned, who being a man divinely commiffioned to inftrudl and reform the world might juftly be de fcribed as affording reUef and comfort to perfons involved In difficulty and dift.refs. The third and fome following verfes reprefent the Improvements to be made among mankind by his inftrudlions ; In confequence of which the difference between right and wrong would be better underftood,, and peace and happinefs wpuld more abound. 3. ffiafl not turn afide.] I cannot approve of removing the negative, which is confirmed by- all the MSS and verfions, and for whofe removal there is not the leaft neceffity. See Taylor's Con cord. R. 1988- ¦4- of the ignorant — ^ — ] This tranflation is more On ISAIAH. 2^9 more fultable to the context than that of the En gliffi Bible, which biffiop Lowth follows, oftherafto, txx and Arab, xc^ivm ; Syr, infipiens, and Vulg. flul torum. , Ibid. of the barbarians ] Heb. cn'j^j; j which, it is probable, ffiould be tn-X'f), See xxvui. I i . and xxxiii. 1 9. Ibid. — —-peace.] lxX ti^wnv. And fo Syr. and Arab. The word in the Hebrew, which is here commonly rendered plainly, bears this fenfe in no other place, and feems to be a corruption. 5. The wicked man ] So the word b'zi, ufed in this and the next verfe, commonly fignifies. See Taylor's Concord, and Blayney on Jer. xvii. i r. Ibid* nor the prodigal ] Heb. 'V31 : which in the Engliffi ,BIble is rendered nor the churl, and by biffiop Lowth and the niggard ; but as the word occurs only here and in ver. 7, and as It is not fuppofeable that a churl or a niggard could ever be efteemed liberal, I have ventured to ufe the word prodigal, which the Syriac favours. A word from n'73 or V^i would give this fenfe. 9. O ye women-^ ] See in. 16, &c. We are to conceive of this addrefs as made in the time of the Meffiah. See notes on U. 5. and vlil. 11 — 13- 10. ¦ — the feed-time ceafeth— —] A word (ynr) is here loft, which the beft copies of the lxx, ' confirmed by the Arabic, enable us to fupply : and the fame authorities, confirmed by a MS No. 173, which hath n: before .^dn, enable us to corredl another word by reading ^'^>^'^, rendered by the lxx here 7r£7r«uTon, and in xvi. 10. «g6ri(r£T«i. Ibid. and they will not foon return.] We ought to read ixn* x"?i. One MS No. 182 hath «^, and the above-mentioned copies of the lxx have R 2 XI. Eufebius 26o NOTES 1 1. Eufebius on Ifaiah may be added to the au thorities for reftoring the word sxkkih; In the lxx. 12, Smite upon your breafts ] lxx, Ka: £7ri tav parwi/ xotttso-Sj, They found a word fornied from pDD, to fmite, not from idd, to mourn;. Biffiop Lowth hath Improperly joiried the words upcn your breafts with the foregoing words : and in his note he is guilty of a miftake in faying that the feveral authorities which he fpeclfies red mti', field, not ntf, breafts ; whereas the reading fupported by' thefe au thorities is the fingular noun nTiZ;, field, inftead of the plural n-ii'^ fields. See Kennicott and De Roffi. It may be farther obferved on this verfe th-at fome of the beft copies of the lxx and Eufebius hava ¦B-ffi Inftead of x-ko, and that the infertion of theco- .pulative between field and vine is juftified by lxx^ Arab. Syr. and at leaft one Hebrew MS. 14. the temple ] Chald. and Syr. here and in Jer. xxx. 18, underftand the temple to be In tended by ]iuSx, In Jer. xxx. 18, the Vulgate hath templum, and the true reading of the lj^x feems ' to be 0 vxoq agreeably to Edit. Complut. Ibid.— ffiafl be deftroyed ] The Chaldee feems to prove I'm to be the true reading Inftead of 1 5. from above '^ See Luke xxiv. 49. Ibid. ffiafl come ] txx fxOti or sttexSji. And fo Ar^b. and "Chald. Ibid. ~upon you.] lxx itif v^xi;. And fo Arab. , Ibid. and Carmel ffiall be efteemed a city.] See note on xxix. 17. 17. Then ] The Engliffi Bible begins the 'foregoing verfe with this word; but I think that the word until in the 15th verfe ought to be applied to the 1 6th verfe, and that the 17th verfe ffiould begin with the word then. This and the two nex verfet On ISA LA H. 261 verfes are parallel to Ezek. xxxiv. 25, &c. and per haps alfo to Jer. ?jX;xI. 22, on which fee an excel lent note in Commentaries and Effays, ii. 50—53. The 19th verfe, as we now have it, affords no fenfe, and ought to be corredled from the lxx and Arab, and Ezechiei. Thefe paffages of Ifaiah, Jeremiah and Ezechiei reprefent a happy ftate of things ; but Jeremiah in another place (chap. v. 6.) defcrlbes a different ftate of things, wickednefs ge nerally prevailing, and the people on that account threatened- with the incurfions of wild beafts. " Therefore the lion from the foreft ffiall flay them; and the wolf ffiall infeft them even to the houfes (lxx £«j Tflif otKixg, reading C3'n:x iy) ; the leopard ffiall watch over their cities, fo that every one who goeth out of them ffiall be torn to pieces : becaufe their rebellions are multiplied, and their apoftacies are. increafed." See alfo Jer. xv. 3. Hof xiu. 5—8. Ezek, xiv. 15. Mr. Harmer hath well flluftrated Ezek. xxxiv. 25, &c. and in confequence the other paffages above cited, in. 66 — 68. iv. 171 — 173. CHAP. XXXIII. 6. of thy time 7] Many copies have the fingular number. See Kennicott and De Roffi. II, 12. The fenfe given by lxx and Arab, is very different ; and It is probable that the Hebrew ought to be corredled by them'. AKs-^w^c-irB feem* to be the true reading of the lxx. See Arab and Bos, and the Old Larin In Cyprian. T. -47. Edit. FeU. 295. Edit. Baluz. 13. By thofe who are afar off, and by thofe who are near, the Gentiles and the Jews are Intended. See Taylor's Key. Sedt. 49. 50. I think that the words of God end with this verfe, and that the pro- R 3 phet s62 NOTES phet ought to be confidered as the fpeaker in the next verfe and to the end of the chapter. 14. As the pronouns in this and the 21ft and 22d verfes are in the firft perfon in the Hebrew, which in many ofthe places is confirmed by all the ancient verfions, the remainder of the chapter cannot be confidered as the words of Godi and therefore a new paragraph ffiould begin with this verfe. The in- , quiry contained in the verfe is made, not by the fin ners and hypocrites' mentioned in it, as the Chaldee paraphraft and others underftand it, but by the pro phet, who, having obferved that they would be ter rified at the interpofition of God in the deftrudlion, of the Affyrian army, proceeds to put, this general queftion to his own countrymen, •' Who among us ffiafl dwell with God, who will be a confuming fire to the wicked part of us, as well as to our enemies ?" See Deut. iv. 24. ix. 3. and Heb. xii. 29 ; and with the queftion, and the anfwer Imme diately following it, compare Pf v. 4 — 6. xv. and xxiv. 3 — 5. The lxx have the fecond verb in this verfe in the future tenfe ; and it is probable that the firft and fecond ought to be in' that tenfe. As to the conclufion ofthe verfe, I muft obferve, that the true reading and the true fenfe ofit are doubtful. 15-- that he may not hear the condemnation of innocent blood.] The true reading feems to be >p: n=n idswo vnxDKi, the fecond word being omitted on account of It's fimllarity to the firft, and the third and fourth being changed into the plural ODi. Juftin In p. 290, hath zj lo-iv AAIKON aijaaroj, which feems to be the true reading of the lxx, and is equivalent to >tf (o-.x aiparof A0nor ; and the Chald. hath 'p? m. Dr. Thirlby in his note takes notice of this Chaldee, reading, and adds; " Sed 'pr fine dublo.expUcationis tantuni causa addltum eft." If this learned and ingenious man had ilvdd to this time On isaiah. 263 time, and enjoyed the labours of Dr. Kennicott and Dr. De Rofli.he would have feen things in a different light. In the verfion of the lxx, as we now have it, the word 'pJ^is not tranflated in Ux. 7. 18. :the paft terror.] This is biffiop Lowth's tranflation, and it is probably right : but it Is proper to obferve that lxx in MS Alex, and Juftin in p. 290, have ipoEoi/ Kugis. . i 9. In two places In this verfe vjb feems to be the right reading! See note on xxviii. 1 1 . 23. The beginning of this verfe feems to be a parabolical defcription of the weaknefs of the Afly rians, who would be unable to make any attack on thofe to whom they had been fo formidable. It feems to me that ann is right, and that we ffiould fead in conformity to it oiT^an. ' See the Chald. CHAP. XXXIV. 6 — — celebrateth a facrifice ] I doubt the propriety of this tranflation, which I have taken irom biffiop Lowth. The word nnr, as Oueiv in' Greek, fignifies .not only to facrifice but alfo to kill in general; and the reprefentation here is not of a facrifice to God, but of a great flaughter of men by the juft judgment of God : and the two words TO.\ and nno ufed in this verfe are here fynonymous; fignifylng a flaughter ; and therefore, as in Engliffi we have no word diredlly fynonymous to this, I ¦would render this part of the verfe thus ; " For Jehovah hath a flaughter in Bofrah, and a greater one in the land of Edom." In Uke manner in the paffage cited by the biffiop from Ezekiel, it would be right not to ufe the word facrifice ; for the re prefentation there given Is of a feaft for the birds and beafts, and not of a facrifice, and in the 20th R 4 verfe 2^4 NOTES verfe it is exprefsly faid, that they ffiould be filled at •God's table. See alfo Zeph. i. 7. Rev. xix. 17, 18. and Michaelis on Lowth, p. 110, &c. 7. — — : ' with their blood— — — ;; — ] Two MSS add the plural pronoun ; and Syr. and Chald. See Kennicott and De Roffi. Ibid. with their fat.] lxx «7rd t8 j-naTof AYTXIN. And fo Arab. Syr. and Chaid. The words for the land and the duft ffiould be without the pronoun, as they are in Syr. and Ss the firft is in LXX. 14. and the goat ] See note on xiii. 21. As to the conclufion ofthe verfe, .,fce Blayney on Jer. vi. 16. and MichaeUs on Lowth. p. 3y. 183, 184. ¦ - 15, 16. See De Roffi. CHAP. XXXV. I. the thirfty wildernefs •] txx, Arab. and Syr. are right in omitting the conjundlion, and in giving the verb in the fingular number. See xli. 18. and liii. 2. 2. the bank of the Jordan—--] This ap^ pears to me to be the true reading. See, in addi tion to biffiop Lowth's remarks from himfelf and Dr. Kennicott, Diff. Gen, Sedl, 81. 176. and Eu febius on Ifaiah, and on the Pfalms p. 328. 409. and Demon. Evang. 300 B. C. 431 B. ibid. — ¦ and my people— ¦] Heb. n'^n, -thefe ; but lxx and Arab, red oj^i, >c«i 0 a«o; |u.«, and they are confirmed by Chald. and Old Latin in 'Tertulhan. 420. D. Ibid, and the majefty of God.] Lxx, Arab. Syr. and Vulg. have the conjundlion ; and the two former omit the pronoun. This and the foregoing On ISAIAH. 265 foregoing chapters feem to be the words of God.- See xxxiv. 5. 3. be confirmed ] ¦ lxx trx^xKxXBffxtc, iomfort ye, or confirm ye ; but Juftin feems to have preferved their true reading •irx^xKxXBi(sh, which is confirmed by the Old Latin in Novatian, p. 87. and Ladtant. iv. 15. 13. confolamini. 4. Be ftrong, ye faint-hearted.] In H-eb. Chald. Syr. Arab, and Vulg. this verfe begins with Say ye to : but as the lxx and Old Latin have nothing anfwer ing to thefe words, and as no perfons are mentioned to whom they can be fuppofed to be addreffed, they feem to be an interpolation. " Ibid. ^behold, your God !] The Heb. Chald. Syr. and Vulg. have yoitr here, and you at the end of the yerfe ; but the lxx, Arab, and Old Latin have our and us. It feems to me that the preference is due to the firft-mentioned authorities. See the laft note on ver, 2. 5, 6. iSiffiop Lowth fuppofeth, as many interpre-^ " ters, who had gone before him, have fuppofed, that the miracles of the Meffiah are here foretold ; but the very, learned Michaelis is decidedly of a different ' opinion. " Miracula Meflias verfibus 5 et 6 omnino non defcribi videntur. Nulla prophetae, ne-dum Meffise, talia patrantis mentio, fed ex mutato rerum omnium ftatu eventurum dicitur, ut claudi etiam fu- perante gaudio exfultent, muti claufa diu ora in lastos elamores refolvant, furdique verba prophetarum au diant et intelligant," Notae et Epimetra. p. 109. 7. And the glowing fand ] See i Harmer Blayney on Jer. xv. 18. and Michaelis on Lowth. 23, &c. 8. but it ffiafl never be without paffen gers] Biffiop Lowth's tranflation is very different; but it is not favoured by any of the ancient verfions. It is thus ; " but he himfelf fliall be with them, walking 7.66 NOTES \valklng in the -w-ay:" and he fuppofeth God to be intended, " who, faith he, ffiall dwell. among them, and fet them an example, that they ffiould follow his fteps ;" improperly applying to God what St. Peter (i Pet. ii. 21.) faith of Chrift. The apoftle is re commending patience under fufferings, and he urgeth the example of Chrift, " who fuffered for us, leav ing us an example that we fhould follow his fteps." The fenfe given by the Chaldee, which was ap proved by Vitringa, feems to be the beft, and I have adopted it. The biffiop informs us from archbiffiop Seeker, that for mb Kim the Chaldee red mn n7i. See De S. Poef Heb. Prseledl. xx, fub fin. This fenfe Is ftropgly confirmed by it's op pofition to the end of ver. lo. of the preceeding chapter, where it is faid, to everlafting ages no-one fhall pafs through her. See alfo xxxiii. 8. and Zech. yn. 14. It Is to be farther obferved that the change of the firft word to vh\ is authorifed alfo by the Syriac. 10. and perpetual gladnefs ffiall crown their heads.] See Harmer on Solomon's Song, p. 6 — o, ^hd the bifliop's note on xxvni., 1. C, HAP. XXXVI. -thou fay •. — ] The fingular number IS moft proper in this meffage to Hezekiah ; and it is confirmed by Syr. and Vulg. Ibid. altars f\ In the Hebrew are- two words, which feem to be fynonymous. See note on xv. 2. 15- — r-and this city ffiall not be given up ] Many copies and verfions add the conjundlion. See Kennicott and De Rofli. 16. Make peace with me, ] Heb. n3i3, 6 bleffing ; but Chald. explains it by ^6bv^ peace. 21, Anfwer On isaiah. 267 21. Anfwer ye him not.] De Roffi cite^ one MS which hath the verb, as it ought to be, in the jjlural number. See Syr, Chald, and Vulg. The ixx have the infinitive mood. CHAP, xxxvii, 4. ¦¦"¦the living God.] The true God, the maker of the heavens and the earih, is emphatically ftiled , the Hying God in contradiftindlion to the Gods of the nations, which were mortals, or dead ' men and women. This title is fi-equently applied to him in the O. and N, Teftaments ; and it is manifeft from the whole tenor of the fcriptures, that it is ufed in order to defcribe him as a being who llveth for ever and ever. Is it poffible therefore to read without aftoniffiment the affertions of Biffiop Hurd, (Sermons, in. p. 63.) " That a diyine perfon, di vine IN the highest sense of the woRd, def- cended from Heaven, and suffered death ; and that THE DiyiNE NATURE coridefcended to leave- the manfions of glory, was made man, dwelled among us, and died for us ?" What can be in ferred from thefe affertions, but that, in the opinion of the writer, Jehovah, the everiafting God,* who exifteth from eternity to eternity,f and who only hath immortality, if hath died, or, at leaft, might HAVE DIED, and may die? <" Offences wifl come, faid Dr-. Clarke on an occafion lefs ffiocking than the prefent, and infidelity will be kept up by them in a negligent and debauched world ; but why men ffiould take delight in inventing ffich offences, and hanging mill-ftones needlefsly about the neck of re- • Ugion, I cannot conceive." Obfervations on Dr. Water- * .If. xl. 28. t pr. xc, 2, 3. and fee Durell and lxx thereon. % 1 Tim. vi. 16. 26S NO TES Waterland's fecond defence of his queries, p. i8. Edit. 1724. . 7. 1 wfll fend a wind againft him.] The Bi ffiop's -tranflation is, " I will infufe a fpirit into him ;" which he fupports by the authority of Arch biffiop Secker, who faith that the Hebrew words ne ver fignify any thing but putting a fpirit Into a per fon, and that this was 7rv£u/*« JhXiw? : but undoubt edly the Hebrew, and the correfponding Greek words, Bis.^xXu £(f xvtov TTi/jupa,- naturally admit the tranflation which I have given, and which the exe cution ofthe threatening, as related in ver. 35. con firms. The army of Senacherib was not deftroyed by a fpirit of fear infufed into him or it, but by an angel of Jehovah, i. e. by a burning wind. See Farmer on Mir. p. 149, 150. n. f. Kennicott's Re marks on 1 Kings xx. 30. and 4 Harmer 317— 9^. Tirhakah-^ — ] See 2 Jackfon 231. , 16. Who art feated between the Cherubim.] I prefer this tranflation to the Biffiop's, which is, *' who art feated on the Cherubim." See his note on LX. 13. 2 Spencer De Leg. Heb. S69 &c. and Peirce on Heb. ix, 5. Ibid. Thou art the God, thou alone,' ' ] The words In the original are very emphatical. See note on 2 Sam. vii. 28. in Commentaries and Ef fays. i. 321. and my fecond note on ver. 20. 17. -fee and——] I add thefe -words from the lxx. and have little doubt but that they are geriliine. In the Hebrew the word hear only is repeated, and in many editions ofthe lxx the word flee only Is repeated ; but in the Aid. and Complut. editions of the LXX, and in MS. March, both words are repeated. See Bos. 1 9. have caft ] In 2 Kings xlx. 1 8. the verb is, as it ought to be, in the plural number. See 2 Hallett ^3. 20. fave On ISAIAH. 269 20. fave thou us from his hand.] The Biffiop fupplies the fupplicating particle nj from MSS, and the other copy ; but as it Is not in the verfions here, or In 2 Kings xix. 1 9, it feems not to be genuine. Ibid. that thou, Jehovah, art the God, thou alone.] The Biffiop rightly obferves that the- word a'n'jK, God, is loft here in the Hebrew text, but preferved in the other copy, 2 Kings xix. 1 9, and that Syr. and lxx feem here to have had in their copies a nba inftead of mrt'. As in Kings the He brew and Greek have both words, and as in Ifaiah Heb. Chald. and Vulg. have mrr, and lxx, Arab. Syr. and Old Latin* have trj'n^N, it is probable that both thefe words are genuine. In one valuable He- bre-vv MS. No. 150, after the firft of thofe words, the word iJ'n^« is found, and- in Kings MS. No. , 240, hath c^'^^^<^, which is perhaps the true read ing In both places. The meaning Is, That all the kingdoms of the earth may know, that thou, Jeho vah,, art the God, thou alone, I. e. that all may ' acknowlege thy fpie divinity. See Farmer on Mir. 332 — 359. Solomon in his famous prayer on the de dication ofthe temple (i Kings viii. 6q ) expreffeth himfelf In fimilar words, " That all the peoples of the earth may know, that Jehovah is the God, and that there is no other." Heb, J'k.i* a-n'?Nn Nin nin' >3 n^V ; LXX, Alex, on Kupio? ATTOS 0 ©£»;, KAI na if 11/ £Ti, See alfo i Kings xvin. 37. 39. and Pf, c. 3. in Heb. and lxx, and other verfions. I cannot forbear to take notice of Joffi. xxiv. 17, where the words are very remarkable in tlie Vatican and Al- ,dine lxx, Kupioj 0 @to<; n[s.uv, ATT02 ©EOS e^iv xv- toe * See Novatian, p, 229, 230. Ut fciant omnes quia tu es JiEusjilus. f Many JVISS have the i/aa here, agreeably to lxx, Syr. 'Ar.ab. aud 'Vulg- See Kennicott and DeBoffi. 270 NOTES to^xviyxyBv, &c. The two words printed in' capi* tals feem tobe genuine, although the^ are omitted in MS Alex, and in the Hebrew. One MS No., 1 06, hath U'hVn C3'^^^? ni.T, and the " true readingj feems to be Nin na'nbxn Kin "wnba mn', the third and fourth words being omitted on account of the repe tition .of Nin. 21, was fent ¦] The lxx and Syr. have the paffive voice, which feems ,tp be right; but in Kings the verb is rendered adlively* The difference however is not material* 26. See Blayney on Jer. xxxiu, 2. 30. The year in which Senacherib's army was deftroyed was Sabbatical; and the following year was the year of Jubilee, which was alfo Sabbatical, See I Jackfon 323 327, Itls, Ithink, probablie? that for ^iDK niNn "^ nn. And this ftall be a fign> to thee : eat thou, the true reading is, i^DX niN rzdi nti; And this ftall be a fign to you : eat ye : but as the alteration Is not diredlly favoured by the MSS or yerfions, I have not ventured to make It. If it could be fupported by proper authority, the begin ning of the verfe would be conformable to the re mainder, and as feveral of the preceeding verfes are addreffed to Senacherib an ambiguity would be avoided by making it impoffible to fuppofe this verfe to be addreffed to him. If the prefent read ing be wrong, the miftake might eafily , happen, and In fadl the fame tranfpofition of a letter hath happened to the word ^i3Xi in this fame verfe. See Kennicott and De Roffi. CHAP. XXXVIII. 8. See De Roffi, and i Jackfon 319. 10. —of Hades.] Heb. /ix-i?. This word frequently occurs, and is (generally, if not always, rendered On I S a I a fl 271 rendered by the Lxx ASm. Both words are often rendered in Engliffi the grave ; but I believe that , they ought never to be fo rendered. They are ufed to exprefs that imaginary place, to which the foui was fuppofed to go when feparated from the body at death. " They (the Heathens) thought, faith Dr. Lightfoot, it (Hades) was a place under the earth. This place of fouls had two p^rts, viz. Elyfium and Tartarus : and thofe parted with a deep. ., gulph pf a deadly river; and that from one fide they could fee and talk to the other. Accord ing to this common opinion Chrift frames his pa rable, Luke xvi. 23. He in Hades, In the place of torment, looks over the gulph, and talks with Abraham. So that both good and bad, when dead, went to Hades ; the good to the place of reft and deUght, the bad to the place of forrow and pain. So the Greek poet, Et? ASa Soo TfiSs?, &c. Both go to Hades, &c. Lazarus went to Hades, and fo did the rich man too ; but to contrary conditions." Vol, U. 1351. Biffiop Lowth h3,th not been uniform in tranflating the Hebrew word. He hath fome times, with great propriety, made ufe of the word flades, as in v. 14. xiv. 9. and lvii, 9 ; but here and In xiv. II. 15. xxviii. 15 18. and xxxviii. 18. he gives the other tranflation the grave. In our tranf lation of the New Teftament AJ'nf is rendered hell, but it would be more proper to preferve the origi nal word. See Lowth De S. P. Heb. PrEeledl. vii. 12. Mr Harmer (iv. 446 — 453,) 'hath wefl il luftrated this verfe, and particularly the beginning of it. 14. As the hoopoe ] The farae Ingenious writer (iv. 443 — 446.) hath ffiewn it to be highly probable, that this is the bird here intended. .' Ibid.^ my eyes failed with looking upward. O Jehovah, contend thou forme; be thou my furety.] The 272 NOTES The LXX and Arabic feem, to give a better fenfe^ my eyes have failed with looking upward toward Je hovah, who hath delivered me, and hath removed my forrow. IS- This verfe is included between hooks in the Arabic In the London Polyglot, being ta.ken from MS Oxon. It is omitted in the lxx. See note on ii. 21. X 17. my anguiffi is changed into eafe.] It is probable that the firft '¦in ffiould be nD:^ mutatiir mihi amarltudo. See Jer. xlviU. 11. -where the word occurs in the paffive form. The fubftantive "10. in this and the 15 th verfe ought to have been tranflated alike. .18. ^—wfli not contemplate ] This feems to be the true fenfe of the Word in this place. See Taylor's Concord. R. 1865. The MSS and Verfions enable us to make feveral fmall corredlions. in this verfe. See Kennicott and De Roffi. 19. The living ffiall praife thee. ] The LXX, Arab, and Syr. have the plural number ; and, I think, rightly, the word xin being omitted in feveral MSS, and one MS No. 150 having inv. See Pf. cxv. 18. and the note thereon ^n Commen taries and Effays. i. 375, 376. CHA P. XXXIX. 2, • or in all his doipfiinion,- ] Thefe words are omitted in fome of the beft copies of the lxx. See Bos and Hexapla. 6. — faith Jehovah, r— ] In fome of the beft copies of the lxx thefe words are added here and, in 2 Kings 5ix. 17; and it is remarkable tiiatiivKings two MSS, No. 30 and 174 have, and L)e Roffi's MS. No. 20 had at firft, mn' cnxi, which words, being fo confirmed by the ixx, muft be efteemed On ISAIAH. '273 ¦^ . ¦ - . efteemed gienuine. Inftead of ^ faith Jehovah' at the end of the verfe the tx?t have niri Si 0 ©eiS? in Connedlion with the next -verfe. One MS No. 130 hath hmas mn'3 and in Kings xxi 1 7 . the fxx have Kufio^i The LXX feem to be right in fo connedl ing the words. Ibid. ^—^ there ffiafl not ^— ] The lxx have Jt«t jsx here and in- Kings, and in both places two MSS have n^i, with which agree Syr. and Arab. in Ifaiah. y: i-i-whom thoii ffialt beget— ^—^ — ] The topics of the lxx vary here, fome having the fu ture and fome the preter tenfei The future feeras to be right, Manaffeh beihg born after this time. See 2 Kings xii. 1 . 8.-^^;-^ he hath fpoken -'] So lXx, Arab* Vulg. and Juftin; but Heb; Chaid. Syr. and Complute LXX have thou haft fpoken. See De Roffi's notes on this verfe; CHAP; XL. The .Biffiop, in the ihtrodudtion to his nbtes on this' chapter, cOnfiders, as Wqtftein* on Matt. iii. 3. doth; this chapter as connedled in fenfe with the foregoing; and he afferts, " That as the fubjedt of Ifaiah's . fubfequent prophecies was to be Chiefly of the confolatory klndj he opens them with giving a promife of the reftoration of the kingdom, and "the return * Hjs ^*'ord9 are thefe ; ** Efaias Cap. XL. loquitur de ^ 1-editii ex captivitate Babylonica, quod ex capite prECcedenti conftat : hsc ailtem ipfius verba Matthseus'eleganter transfer! ad Meffia adventufli." If the prophet be here fpeaking ofthe return frorn the Babylonifh captivity, I ean fee no elegance or propriety ia applying his wprds to a totally different, fnb- jeft ; for they are cited in the New Teftament not for illuftrai- tion, but AS fRQOF. s 274 NOTES return of the people, from the Babyloniffi captivitf/. by the merciful interpofition of God in their behalf; but that the views of the prophet are nqt confined to this eyent ; and that as the reftoration of the royal family, and of the tribe of Judah, was neceffary in the defign and order of providence, for theful- fflling of God's promifes, of eftabliffiing a more glo rious and an everlafting kingdom, under the Meffiah to be born bf the tribe of Judah, and of the family of David, the prophet connedts thefe two events to gether, and hardly ever treats of the former without- throwing in fome intimations of the latter, and that. fometimes he is fo fully poffeffed with the glories of the future more remote kirigdom, that he feems to leave the more immediate fubjedt of his conrimiffion almoft out of the queftion.'' He then offers fome .argjiments in fupport of his opinion, and proceeds to inform his readers, " That, thofe things confi dered, he hath not the leaft doubt that the return of the Jews from the captivity of Babylon is the firft, though not the principal thing in the prophet's view; and that the - redemption from Babylon is clearly foretold, and at the fame time is employed as an image to ffiadow out a redemption of an infi nitely higher and more important nature." " Yet obvious and plain, faifh he, as I think this literal fenfe is, we have neverthelefs the irrefragable authority of John the Baptift, and of our bleffed Saviour himfelf, as recorded by afl the Evangeliftsj for explaining this exordium of the prophecy of' the . opening of the Gofpel by the preaching of John, and of the introducing of the kingdom of Meffiah ; who was to effedt a much greater deliverance of the people of God, Gentfles as wefl as Jews, from the captivity of fin and the dominion of death. And this we ffiall find to be' the cafe in many fubfequent parts alfo of this prophecy, where paffages mani feftly. On Isaiah. 275 feftly relating to the deUverance of the Jewiffi na tion, effedted by CyruS, are with good reafon and upon undoubted authority to be underftood of the redemption wrought for mankind by Chrifti" This notioh of a double fenfe of prophecy feems to me to be an Hypothefis invented -without ne ceffity and fupported by no good argumehts. It is undoubted that in the fubfequent part of Ifaiah's prophecies he foretells Ynahy circumftances relating, to the Meffiah and his kingdom, and alfo the returA of the Jews from the Babyloniffi captivity ; but why may not thefe prophecies be diftindl and inde pendent ? What neceffity ' is there for fuppofing that the redemption from Babylon, which is clearly foretold, is employed as an image to ffiadow out a redemption of an infinitely higher ahd more impor tant nature ? And as -^e have the irrefragable au thority of John. the Baptift; and of our bleffed Sa viour himfelf, for explaining the exordium of the prophecy of the opening of the Gofpel by the ' preaching of John, and of the introducing of the - Kingdom of the Meffiah ; Why ffiould we not be fatisfied that the exordium of the prophecy hath no other object than thefe ? Thd" beginning of this chapter is, as Mr. Jeffery in his Review p. 127; obferVes, an affurance from the prophet, that although the Jewiffi people had undergone, and would ftifl undergo, -V^arlous cala mities, yet that God In fome future lime would gracioufly interpofe jn their behalf; and the pro phet placeth himfelf, as it were, at the time, and iiaving given diredlion to the priefts by the com mand of God to comfort his people, he reprefents himfelf as hearing the voice of one proclaiming' the immediate iiiterpofition of God by the coming of the Meffiah. By thus confidering the prophet S 2 ._.- as ty6 NOTES as prefent * at many events which he foretells, great light is thrown on many of his predidlions, and thefe predidlions taken in connedlion -with the cor^ refponding events are, I think, the figns of the rimes, to which our Saviour more particularly al ludes Matt. xvi. 3. Additional reafons for wider*- , ftanding the exordium of the prophecy in this U- mited manner will appear In the notes. I. faith God.] Heb. Chald. Syr. and Vulg. have your God ; but lxx and Arab, omit the pro noun. MS Alex, hath Kugioj, and Edit. Complut. agrees with the Hebrew. 2. O ye priefts, ] The original is ma nifeftly defedlive In not afcertaining to whom the /important office of adminiftering comfort to the people of God is affigned. The Chaldee Para- .phraft; with -vfhom the biffiop in his note on ver. 6 — 8, concurs, reprefents the prophets as employed on this occafion; but it is much more prob^le that the defedl ought to be fupplied from the ver fion of the LXX, which is confirmed by the Arabic. According to thefe verfions we ought to infert, as I have done^ the words, O ye priefts, anfwering to CD'inD, which might eafily be omitted as it is fimilar to the preceeding word, ibid. -that her appointed time is come.] The Engliffi Bible and Biffiop Lowth ufe the word war fare, but the margin of the Bible h^th. appointed time, which is the true meaning. The word is fo rendered in Job vii. i. xiv. 14, and Dan. x; r. See Gataker in Marc. Antonin. Lib. ii. §. 4. and xU, §. 23. and Peters on Job, p. 189. 2d. Edit. In Mark i. 15. our Saviour adopts the Prophet's -words and declares. That the time is fulfilled ; and St. Paul in Gal. iv. 4. aUudes to them faying. When the fuln&fi * See note on ii, 5. and viii. ri— 13. On isaiah. 277 fulnefs of the time was come, God fent fbrth his Son. In botii thefe. paffages of the New Teftament the Syriac hath Ifaiah's word n^s in the Syriac form war. Ibid. — -*-that her iniquity is pardoned.] Here the Biffiop hath varied withoiit reafon from the Eng Uffi Bible. The original hath nothing about an. expiation for iniquity being accepted. *' It was, faith Mr. Locke, a received dodlrine in the Jewiffi hation, that at the coming of the Meffiah all their fins ffiould be forgiven them." Works ii. 486. See Taylor's Key, Sedl. 77. 78. and Sykes on Hebrews, Append, p. 249— -253. Ibid. .that ffie hath received at the hand of Jehovah a fufficient puniffiment for all her fins.] Here 'too the Biffiop hath varied from the Engliffi Bible without improving it. His tranflation is, That floe fhall receive at the hand of Jehovah \bl((fftngs'\ double to the puniftment of all her fins ; and he tells us in his note, that the words of the original will very well bear this fenfe. But it is an infuperable objedtion againft this tranflation, that in the original the verb is in the preter tenfe, and is fo underftood by Cliald. and all the ancient Verfions. Eufebius in his Commentary gives this explanation, S\trXi\v tifA'jipixv tiav t'v «uTfl tttoXf/.ni/.Bvw x bu^* at th| fame time very elegant and intelligible language. 4. • ^^the erookedr— ] Heb. ^Pvn. The Bi ffiop obferves, that the word is yery generally ren-; dered crooked ; but that this fenfe of the word feeihs not tobe fuppoi!ted hy any ^ood authority. I won^ cler that he did not irjfer from thefe circumftances th? neceffity of corredling the yf0T$. by making %he lafl letter jy inftead. of 3. See xUi. 16. lix; 8. 12. and xxx. 12. with the Biffiop's note o^ this iaift place* I'he propriety and eieganre of the image here ufed i|i rendered' indjfputable by the paffage cited by the Bi ffiop frbjnOyid in his firft notfe op xlv, 2. '- '- ' ' At vos, qua veniet, tumidi fubfidite montes, Et faciles curvis vallibus efte via$. ' .,..,. ^nior. ii. 16. -the falvation of God,} Th^ Biffiop coq^ fiders the prefent reading nn*, thgether, as genuine j but it is probably a corruption of the word for falva tion, as it is not expreffed by lxx, Arabic ^d Old Latin*, or Luke HI. 6, or in the parallel place UI. 10. The -word' God, and not our God\ feems to be right," agreeably to lxx, (Alex.) and the other authori ties. ¦' ¦ ' '' ' . ' ' 6 8. In this place I have omitted the part which is thus tranflated by Biffiop Lowth ; "^ When the wirid of Jehovah bloweth upon it. Verily this people is grafs. The grafs witheretji, the flower fadeth." This omiffloji is authorifed ¦ not only by the LXX and- Old Latin,-|- and by i Tet, i. 24, 25 ; Ijut alfo by nine Hebrew MSS.- -See Kennicott and De Koffi, The part here omkted Is inclofed be tween hooks in Arab, in the London Polyglot, being taken from MS. Oxon. See rny note on'ii. 21. If it be an interpolation the Biffiop wfll have, no foundation for "f See Tertullian, 331. B. 392. D. ^ S«e Cyprian, p . 8 1 . 95 . Edit? Fell. p, 175,3 20.' Edit. Baluz. On I S a I a H. fl3i |br affecting the import of the proclamation to be, That ihe people is of a .vain temporary nature, and fhat all it's glory fadeth, anfl is fmn gone. The im port ofthe proclarnation |§,.that the life of man in phis world is ffiort and uncertain, and that humai^ honours and poffeffions are fleeting and precarious ; but that God by his prophets and meffengers hath given to tnen affurances of a futrjre and immortal |late. All.fifjhis grafs, and all it's glory as the flower gf the grafs; the ^rafi withereth, and the flower fad eth: b«t the word of J SHQV Ah ftall fland for ever. " And th^s, faith St, Peter, is the word which is gracioufly preached to you ;" i. e. toyou jaelieversi from the hations, to whom chiefly, if not folely, this epiftle is addreffed. See note on yui. 14. Al^ fleft in ver. 6. mpft mean, as in ver. 5, mankind in. general. 8, of jEHovAif i Hpb. LXX. Arab. Chald. and Syr. hi,ye of our God ; but Juftin. in p. %3(), Eufebius on the Pfalms In p. 275 and St. Peter have Kuf la, tbe Old \.^i\ri Domini, and the- Vulgate Dpnitii noftrl. In MS No. 180, the words anfwer ing to thefe, but the word of our God ftall ftand for iver, are upon a rafiire. I wiU only add that the beft MSS of St. Peter's Epiftle agree in other ref pedls with the LXX, and that the laft word of ver. 6. ini^n, of the field, ffiould probably be I'l^rr, of the grafs, in conformity with lxx, Arab, and St. Peter, three of the four letters in this wotd being very fimi lar in ffiape or found to three in the other. 9. thou who bringeft glad-tidings ] The Lxx, Arab. Chald. Old Latin and Vulg. reprefent the mafcullne participle. Biffiop Lowth's Idea is, " That Jehovah having given the word by his prophet, the joyful tidings of the reftoration of Sion, and of God's returning to Jerufalem, the women are exhorted by the prophet to publiffi the joyful news with a loud voice from eminences, whence; ¦ - ¦ ¦¦ ' they 282 NOTES' .they might beft be heard ail ovej* the country :" but if they are only exhorted to publiffi joyful news brought by aijother, they canriot with proprietor be addreffed as haying themfelves brought glad-tidings. It is certainly more natural to underftand the exhor tation as addreffed by the prophet to tht cryer men tioned ip ver. 3, who is reprefented as uttering the glad-tidings contained in that and the two riext verfes. The prophet in vifion hears this heavenly meffenger ; and he alfO hears in vifion the voice of one iaying to himfelf, " Proclaim :" and in confequence .he makes the- proclamation ^contained in ver, 6—8} and then he addreffeth the above-mentioned heavenly meffenger in the language of the three next verfes. ] bid. your God ?] Eufebius hath npw, pur; and fo tlie Arabic. 10. !— with power.] Heb. prnn. Biffiop Lowth, agreeably to the margin of the Engliffi Bi ble, renders againft theftrottg one ; but who or what is intended ? The word is ufed as a fubftantive in fe. verai places, and means ftrength, power, &c. and the I.XX render it here p.tT« iT^yog. The word yb in the next fentence feems to fignify for him, i. e. Jehovah, rather ?han, as the Biffiop renders it, over him, i. e. the ftrong one. The fenfe adopted by him is not favoured by Chald. or any of the an cient verfions. Ibid. to give to every man according to his worki] The Hebrew and Greek are here and in lxii. 1 1, defedlive ; but the true reading of the lat ter feems to be preferved by Clemens R. Epift. i. c. 34. xttoShvxi iKXs-u x«Ta to fjyoy aura, or by Origen in his Exhort, ad Martyr, p. 209. Edit. Bafil. 1674. tciroSsvxi BKXfu u? tx t^yx kuts sfi. It is probable that when the Hebrew words anfwering to the two firft of thefe words had been !oft, the firft letter of the word )nbyBO anfwering to the remaining Greek words was On I S a I A H. 283 was changed into 1 and vjd^ added from the margin, jvhere it might have been placed as explanatory of the word mx It is remarkable that by Clemens the preceeding fentenpe is expreffed thus, 0 pia-floi «UT8 -B-po TrpoTWTra «ut8, and by Origen thus, 0 p,i(r9o? (V ^£1^1 xvtu.' in the editions of the lxx the words iare {Att «ut8 and tvxvttov aura. Thefe different modes bf exprefling the two Hebrew words are equivalent; and Biffiop Lowth includes them all in his note on the words, — -his reward, and the recompence of his work. '* That is, the reward and the recoinpence, which he beftows, and which he wIU- pay to his faithful fervants : this he has ready at hand with him, and holds it out before him, to encourage thofe who truft in him, and wait for him." The moft ob vious tranflation of in^ysi js and his work; but the Biffiop renders it and the recompence of his work.' Is there any propriety in faying. The work, or the re- (dmpence ofthe work (t/' Jehovah is before Jehovah ? 'See Blayney's fecond note on Jer. xxU. 1 3 ; and fee Pf lxii. 12. Job xxxiv. 11. Prov. xxiv. 12. Jer. xxxn. 19. Rom. U. 6. arid Rev. xxU. 12. Dr. Clarke in his Sermons, Vol. ix, p. 212. obferves that the phraze my reward is with me in Rev. xxii. 12. ia taken from Ifai. xl. 10. and lxii. 11. It is moft probable therefore that the fubfequent phraze is alfo taken from the fame places. 13. This verfe is cited in part by St. Paul ROm. xi. 34. and 1 Cor. ii. 16 agreeably to the lxx and Arabic, whofe tranflation feems to be right. Sec Cappel. C. S. 500. 538 — 540. and Pearce on i Cor. U. 16. 1 9. maketh ] So lxx, Arab. Syr. ahd Chald; and Mr. Hallett (iu. 63.) prefers this -word to the other cafteth. 22. Jehovah ] I add this word froni the Arabic. It feems to be neceffary to the fenfe ; arid it is confirmed by ver. 2S. 23. —rand 284 NOTES. 23.'",'i. .1, . I . and maketh- 'i' ¦ .¦¦ ,.] Lxx, Syr. and fi rab. feem to have found the copulative ; arid it is now In fourteen MSS. ; . > 3.6,-7.— — ^all thefe things.] Lxx and Arab,. add all. 29. — ¦ ' -and to the unafflidted forrow.] .Th« IXX and Arab, red cd'I.x for E3'3in, ,and n^sy for nosv ; 25 MSS confirm the firft reading followed by them. The laft word in the verfe they had not ; and it feems to be an interpolation. The two fol-; lowing verfes cotifirm the fenfe given by the txx and Arab, to this verfe. CHAP. XLI. I . The alteration in the text propofed by the Bi ffiop is IndXputably right; and it is fully juftified by the obfervations made by him. It may not however be improper to obferve, that additional fupport may be given to it from the New Tefta^ ment. See Rom. xii. 2- Ephef. iv. 23. Colof. in. ID. Heb. vi. 6. and 2 Cor. iv. 16. 2. — — the righteous man ] Abraham is the perfon intended; and he is exprefsly named by Chald. The editions of the lxx h,ave SiKxiotrwrwy which feems to be a corruption from ^i.k;«ioi/ xt^putnn^ this laft word having been contradledly written xvov. See Whifton's Effay on the Old Teftament, p. 98, and Woide's edition of MS. Alex, Pref. Sedl. 34$ and as to the wifdom and goodnefs of God in raifing up Abraham In order to counteradl the prevailing idolatry, fee Taylor's Key. Sedl, 2 — 4. 3. in fafety [ The prepofition 3 is farther confirmed by Arab, and one of De Rofii's MSS. 4. , and I am the laft— .] Heb. ta'innK nxi ; which words in the Engliffi Bible and by On ' I S A I A H. , 285 Ijy Biffiop Lowth are rendered And with the lafl; but as in the parallel places xliv. 6. and xlviii, 12. the words are innx 'jki, and as the n in the firft word in MS. No. 96, is on a rafure, and MS. No. 245 hath the word p-inx before the other word, I have chofen. to give the fame tranflation here as in the parallel places. See SyrV Chald. and Vulg. ibid, and befide me. there is no God.] Thefc , words are in the Hebrew, &c. in xliv. 6 ; and Chald, hath them here. 14.^ thou. mortal,- ] It may be doubted whether we have here the true reading ; but certainly the word ought to be in the fingular num . ber. 15, 16. See Dr. Hunt's Oration in 1748. p. j8, and Dr. Jubb's in 1780. p. 16. 25. But I wfll raife up ] God, having challenged the Gods of the nations to give fome evidence of their Divinity by foretelling future events, or by doing either good or evil, proceeds now to demonftrate his own infinite knowlege and uncontroulable power by declaring his intention of raifing- up in fome future time two important perfons^ who would produce great changes in the affairs of mankind. The verb here ffiould be tranflated In theffiture tenfe, as it is by Symmachus. See Hexapla ; and fee Arab, and Chald, The true reading feerns to be TniyT. Ibid. he ffiall invoke my name.] See 2 Chron. xxxvL 23. Ezra i. 2 — 4. and Jofeph. Antiq. Jud. xi. I. 26. — —The Just One.] Heb. pnsf; and fo Syr. and Vulg. See an exceUent note on this and the following verfes In Commentaries and Effays. ii. 25 — ?7- The learned author thinks that thefe four verfes ought to be joined, with the next chap-: ter, and that the Meffiah is predidled here, as in many 286 NOTES many other places, under the charadler of The' Just One. See my note On iii. 9 — 1 1 The lxx have oTi xXy)U Bfiv ; and to the fame effedt Arab, and Chaldee: but this is not a proper tranflation of the Hebrew. They feem to have been mifled by xliii. 9, where the word is very different nox, not pnv. t. 27. The meaning of the beginning bf this verfe is doubtful. I follow the lxx and Arabic, who feem to have had the word inn in the .firft fentence, and not in the laft. See xliii. 28; and xlvi. 13. , 28. This verfe feems to be corrupted. I have given the fenfe which a comparifon of the Hebrevir with the verfions recommends. The lxx and Arab; make it probable that the word C3'Ud is loft from the original. 29. their works- ] i. e. their idols. See my fecond note on IvU. 12. CHAP. XLII. I. The verfion of the lxx, as we ho^ have it; is here greatly corrupted by the infertion of the names Jacob arid Ifrael, which are not in the He brew, and which, we ha-<^e the greateft reafon to believe, were not originally in their verfion. This verfe is cited by St. Matthe-w (xii. 1 8.) -without the; names, and Dr. Owen* and Dr. Kennicottf have abundantly proved their non-authenticity. To the proofs adduced by them, may be added Origen Cont; Marcion. p. 35. Edit, Bafil. 1674, and Eufebius on the Pfalms, p. 41, and 46^. and on Ifaiah xUii. lo, 11. The prefent copies of the lxx. have bSuxx or SbSukx agreeably to the prefent Hebrew : but Jufl:in • Inquiry into the State of the lxx. p. 20— iz. 30, 3J. .{; Diff. Gen. Sedt, 70. 79, 85. ( On isaiah. 287 Juftin in p. 403, Chald. Arab, and Tertullian in p, 506. A. have the future tenfe agreeably to St. Mat thew; and one Heb. MS No. 150. hath 'nn:!, which may be rendered fimply dabo, the vau here iofing it's conjundlive power, and ferving only to change the tenfe. See Kennicott's Remarks on Gen. XX. i^. and Diff. Gen. Sedt. 66. and Lowth in Merrick on Pf xxv. 11. . ,. , 2. He ffiaU not ftrIve,^nor cry ; nor ffiaU his, voice be heard in the public r places.] Biffiop Lowth's tranflation is. He ftall not cry aloud, nor raife. a_cla-^ mour, nor caufe his vojce to be heard in the public places ; but it is not probable that Ifaiah would, in this ffiort compafs, exprefs the fame fenfe. iri three different ways. St. Matthew (xii. 19.) hath, .Oujt ijJKr£i, «J'£ xp«uy«s"£i, aSi xKHo-Bt Ti-f tv txif trXxtfixiq: trv ^lavrtv «,vtis, and Juftln. p.- 403, and Origen Cont.. Marcion. p. 35. give, as the verfion of the lxx, al- mof? the fame words ; and to the fame effedt is the Old Latin in Tertullian p. 141. A. 194. D. 407- B. It is probable that we ought to read pii'y for pv^; and :iy for Nty. The word p»y fignifies to ftrive or contend in Gen. xxvi. 20 ;* and the corruption was effedted. by changing w Into s and tranfpofing the letters. As to the other fuppofed corruption, it might eafily happen, the letters }< and y having been often changed ; and indeed the prefent reading can not fignify to cry, or to raife a clamour, without in ferring the word ^ip. See. note on ver. 11. It is of little confequence whether the words in the next fentence ffiould be, as they are in the prefent He brew, nor ftall he caufe his voice' to be heard, or, as they, are in St. Matthew, nor ftall any one hear his voice, or, as they are in the lxx, nor ftall his voice be. heard. One MS No. 175 hath yoa:", which maybe rendered • See Blfliop Lowth's 4th note on xxxviii. 14. i*8 N t) T £ § rendered paffively, and feems to be the true 'rtiadiil^ in agreement with the lxx, Vulg. arid Old Latin; See LX. i8i and lxv. 19. Ibid, ————in the public places.] The pre fent copies of the lxX have t^d; but Jbftin. in pj 403. hath tv txn zrXitviixn in agreement with Stt IViatthew. And fo hath the Old Latin in Nova tian. p. 64. See 2 Harmer 524'— 529k 3, 4. I omit the conclufion of the third verfe, and the beginning of the fourth, as they are not in St. Matthew,^ and have iriierrial marks of interpola tion. In Biffiop Lowth's tranflation they are thus j " He ffiafl publiffi judgment, fo as to eftabUffi ii perfedlly. His force-ffialLnof be abated, nor bro ken :" but the exadl tranflation^ as it is given iri the London Polyglot, is; Ad veritat em educet judir cium. Non caligabjt, nee frangetur. The conclu-' fion of the third verfe is equivalent to parts of the firft and fourth verfes ; and the beginnirig of the fourth verfe is an enlargement on this- part of-the third verfe, and the dimly burning flax he ftall noi quench, by adding, it ftall not be extinguifhed, nor fubdued. The verfion of the lxx, as we now hav^ It, is thus ; xXXx £(f xXif^uxv t^ursn jtpitnl*. Ai/«- XxY-^Bi, Kxi a ^pwur'S-mrjTflsi. . 4.— ——for ever.] Heb. pX3 ; i>xx, £7rt th? ynji The true reading feems to be nifj^ anfwering to tif *»!tof in St. Matthew. One MS hath^ f i^^^. Ibid. And in his name ] So txjc; Arab; and Old Latin in.TertuUIan p. 409' D. 462. D. and Cyprian. T. p. 3(j. Edit. FeU. and p. 290. Edit. Baluz. and alfo St. Matthew ; but Heb. Chald* Syr. and Vulg. have And for his law, which Biffiop Lowth follows. Ibid. ' 'the nations-"'- ' - •¦] Here the* authorities are divided in Uke manner, the former fupf)ortirig On ISAIAH. 289 !lipporting this expreffion, and the latter the iftands. It is probable that Q"N ffiould be a-u or cr)-bi?. 5. Jehovah, the God ], Heb. nin> biin ; but the LXX tranfpofe the words, , more properly reading Ku^ lo? 0 Qeo? : and fo Arab. Syr. Vulg. and two Heb. MSS. . ' 6. for falvation.] The Engliffi Bible hath in righteoufnefs in . conformity with the prefent copies of the Hebrew arid Greek ; but Biffiop Lowth hath for a righteous purpofe, thinking, I prefiime, that for the prepofition n we ought to read b. This I take to be the true reading, which is confirmed by Juftin, who in p. 399. hath TH SiKXio. The n is on a rafure in MS No. 80. 7. — events -r-] Biffiop Lowth hath this event'; but it is inore probable that the words relate to the fore-knowfege of God in general. The verbs are in the future tenfe, and to be underftood, as I have gendered them, "Who, as I have dont, could call forth, &c. ?" See Kennicott's Remarks On Gen. xliv. 5. and Exod. ix. 15. Ibid. from the time when I made man to the prefent time ?] Heb. a^iy ay 'Qwa. lxx, £^ 8 £7r5in(r« ^evfipwrrov «? tov xtuvx. The true reading T 4 feems 296 NOTES feems to be, CD^bn ^Jr C3n>« 'DVii'i:. The verfion of the LXX confirmed by the A rabic, and feveral MSS which have ny, make it probable, that for CD]/ we ought to read ny ai«, aiid the nature of the queftion feems to require that abiy ffiould be tzi^bn. In I Chron. xvii. 1.6. the lxx have in like manner mif tranflated rdbn iv £w? aiwi/o? *, which in the parallel pjace^ 2Sam. vii. 18. they. tranflate £wj ralw. The proper verfion in Greek -would have been sag xfli, as in John v. 17. and xvi. 24. See Deut. Iv 32; whe?e the language is fimilar, and v/here words fig nifying to the prefent time are implied. ibid. can they announce to you ] Future verbs ought often to be fo rendered. See Kennicott's Remarks on Num. xx. -10. The lxx have uju,ii/; and fo the Arabic. Ibid. things which are yet to come ?] The true reading feems to be .m nn^ ; and the two next words, which are merely fynonymous to this, were probably taken from the margin. " lt Efi ©fc?. 7a-A*ii/ Efjts, but In MS Alex. ©e«5 Is ornitted, and Lleb. Syr. Chald. and Vulg. have^ no word anfwering to It. That the word dsn fignifies nothing is un doubted ; and that the word 'iv'?^ fignifies without me, xn\j jms, as properly as befide me;,-ssXw E^a, a comparifon of the Hebrew and lxx in Gen. xli, 44. If xxxvi. 10. and 2 Kings xviii. 25, will demonftrate.. " Are not two fparrows, faith our SaVloUr in Matt. X. 29, fold for a farthing, and one of them ffiall not fail on the ground without your Father, ANET tk n«Ipoj u^uy." Here the Syriac verfion hath joiyVn the fame word in the Syriac form. Herbanus the Jew, On I 'S a I A H. 299 Jew, in his conference widi a'Chriftian Biffiop In the fifth or fixth century, refers to this paffage of Ifaiah Wheii he afks, " How can you caU him your God and Saviour, who, as the Prophet witneffeth, can do nothing without my God, or»? ANET -ra tps ®bh tfrfa-rlftK Ti 8 ^w*1«i." Tills citation from Grcgenfius p. ,11 i. Is made by Dr. Prieftley In his Hiftory of Opinions concerning Chrift, iii. 30. If Herbanus cited from the HebreWj he hath well expreffed In Greek the meaning of the Hebrew : if he cited from the lxx *, it is probable that he found their verfion In exadt agreement with the original, olt iSiv- Bs-iv w£u jW8j and that it hath been fince cor rupted. 8. thefe things.] The true meaning here is doubtful. The Hebrew may be tranflated it or him. The Old Latin in Ladtantius iv, 12. 19. and the Vulg. have eum ; and Chald. Syr. and Arab.. ea. The lxx have a-i thee, which Is probably the true fenfe ; and if fo, the Hebrew word ffiould not end with i but -\, of which change many examples might be produced. See the Biffiop's note on lii. 14. Kennicott's Remarks on i Sam. xxviU. 16, 17. Blayney on Jer. xxx. 8, and the Biffiop's and my notes on the next verfe. If the reading of the lxx be right, this verfe muft' be confidered as part ofthe addrefs of God to Cyrus, his inftrument in refcuing the Jews from their captivity in Babylon. He being intended ¦ for great and important purpofes is de fcribed here, and in ver. 1 2, as created by God in a pecuUar fenfe. See Taylor's Keyj Sedl, 17. 99. 9. or the thing formed by him ] Dr. De Roffi mentions one edition which hath i^i^si for • I liave compare^d feveral other paffages cited by Herbanus from Ifaiah with the verfion of the lxx, and have found them to agree almoft exaaiy with it. goo NOTES '\b]>s^ anfwering almOft exadlly to the feadirig of the two Greek MSS cited by the Biffiop, xosi to tphv. If we adopt th's read.ng, no other alteration will be required than to change i^ into '\b. See xxix. 16, IxiV. 8. and Rom. ix. 20, 21. 1 1 ., — and my daughters ?] Thefe words are added in lxx, (Alex.) and Arab. 12 ¦ . a man ] The Engliffi Bible and Biffiop Lowth have man, i. e. mankind ; but this tranflation Is certainly wrong, for it Is manifeft from the next verfe that Cyrus is intended. See note on ver. 8. Ibid, my hands have ftretched qut; ] In the Hebrew it is oddly, /, my hands have ftretched. out ; but LXX, Syr. Chald, Arab, and the Old Lat'n in Idacius, cited by Dr. Pneftley in his Hiftory of early opmions ii. 343, 344, ffiew that we ought to read and tranflate, / by my power have ftretched out. 12,. of my- people ] I add thefe words from LXX, Arab, and Chald. 14. The manufadlurers of Egypt, and the mer chants of Cuffi— — ^— ] It is manifeft, as Dr, Blayney on Jer. xx. 5. obfervfes, that perfons, and not inanimate things, are here intended ; and It is remarkable that the Bibles of 1550 and 1574 have fo tranflated. Ibid. ffiall come over to thee, and ffiall be thine ; they ffiall follow thee ; in chains they ffiall pafs along j they ffiall bow down to thee, ¦ — ] See xlix. 23, and the Biffiop's note thereon, lx. 11, 12. 14. Rev. In. 9. Ibid. • . and in thee they ffiall offer up their prayers ] By thee here and in feveral other parts of the verfe Ifrael is intended. The Biffiop's tranflation of this part is, and in Juppliant guife addrefs thei ; but I have tranflated agreeably tb LXX, On ISAIAH. 301 LXX, Arab. Syr. and the Old Latin in Ladlantius iv. 13. 7. and 29. 10. and Epit. c. 44. ibid. becaufe ] This fenfe is fup ported by the fame authorities; and it is probable that the prefent reading ix fliould be spy, the two firft letters of which wbrd are fimilar in found to the letters of the other word, and the laft iettCF is the fame with the firft of the next word. In t Kings Xviii. 30. Elijah thus prays to- God, Let it be known this day, that thou art God in Ifrael, and that I am thy fervant, and that Ihave done all thefe things at thy word ; and by the miracles which the prophets and other fervants of God were from time to time empowered to work it is probable, that many inha bitants of the neighbouring countries were con vinced. That there was a God in Ifrael, and that there was no other God befide htm. See 2 Kings v. 1 5. Ibid. ffiall fay to him, ] Here the Hebrew, and all the ancient verfions, except the Alexandrian MS of the lxx, feem to be defedlive. This MS fupplies the word tptsisw, ftall fay, which gives propriety and confiftency to the conclufion of the verfe, and ffiews it and the three next verfes to be an addrefs to God from the perfons mentioned in the former part of the verfe. The Chaldee af fords confiderable fupport to this reading, as it hath the words et confitebuntur dicendo before the fentence immediately preceeding, where they certainly ought not to be. 'I he fenfe of that paraphrafe, as we now have it, is this; And they ftall confefs faying. Truly God is in thee, i. e. Ifrael, and there is no other God befide thee, i. e. Ifrael. iBIffiop Lowth avoids this abfurdity by tranflating. And there is no God besides whatever : but the lxx, Arab. Vulg. and Old Latin, as well as the Chaldee, have beside thee. It may be added, that a fimflar omiffion in the Hebrew is obferved by die Biffiop in xxii. 1 5. 15. —although 302 NOTES 1 5. — — although we knew thee not,— — ] Hebi innoD ; which the Biffiop renders, that hideft thy counfels, and to the fame effedt others. The lxX have 5C811 8x -nSa^iv, and they are confirmed by Arab. and OJd Latin. This acknowledgment from the perfoqs making the addrefs is fultable to their cha radler, and is probably the fenfe originally intended. Eufebius in his D. E. Lib. v. c. 4. makes this ob fervation ; To Si OTK HAEIMEN, ex -crpoo-fciira tm -mpii .«6u)o» f*»i (wBfviiiirKolm''ssxpx fAOitOii; Totg tQSoiJiMKovIx ^pnuitvov., *1«P«5 ^Xf ''''' SSpstixefci. 1 5. ~ - thy adverfaries- — ] The Hebrew; Syr. Chald. and Vulg are ficre defedlive; and Bifhop Lowth fyppUes the defedt, from the lxx^ whofe verfion now hath w av1>Ha//.sM( ATTXi. It muft be admitted that the Arabic concurs with the lxx in this Feading ; but as tii.s verfe feems to be addreffed to God, and efpeciaUy as the Old Latin hath qui ad'^erfant.ur tibi, it is probable that the word loft is ~i'"i2^. 17. — ffiaU be faved-^— ] lxx isal^ot-i ; but Gregenfius 64. c. hath cwSweI*!. So alfo Arab. Ibid. — - they ffiafl not be affiamed-^] The Hebrew, Chaid. Syr. and Vulg. have the fecond perfon ;'but the lxx, Arab, and Old Latin have the' third perfon. i8. i hus faith- — • — ] The '3 at the beginning gf this verfe feems, not to be genuln^. " Omittunt '¦2, ^ia, cod. Kennic. 102, 126, primS meus 596, LXX, Syrus." De Rofli. I prefume that he in tended to mention the Arabic, and not the Syriac, as the word )e tranflated by the latter. 23. — ..-. faith Jehovah, -] Thefe words are not In Heb. Chald. or any of the verfions, but they are in St. Paui's citatiion in Rom, xiv. 1 1, and I believe tiiat they ai"e genuine. One valuable MS No. 30, hath the wofd caxi, and the word nin' hav ing On I S a I a tr. 303 ing been abbreviated was probably omitted by ac cident, as the next word begins with '• Of the omiffion of this word mn* we have a multitude of examples. See note on UII. i. Ibid. and every tongue ] The lxx have the copulative xwi. And fo Syr. Arab. Vulg. and St. Paul. Ibid. ffiaU confefs to God ] The LXX in 'MSS Alex, and March, and St. Paul have/ 3cai B^o^oXohiTiixi — TW ©££i), and Juftin In p. 77 hath to the fame effedt ; and MS Vat. and Eufebius have Kxi of*5<1a» — TOV ®iov, and with them agrees the Arabic. It feems certain therefore that the word CD'n'^N is loft from the original ; and indeed the be ginning of the- next verfe is manifeftly corrupted, and without fome emendation will afford no fenfe. The two firft words of that verfe are perhaps a cor ruption of the loft word. See 2 Hallett 94, ^S- I cannot.forbear to obfeive a great corruption In Rom. xiv. 10. the words by which St. Paul introduceth the, citation of this verfe from Ifaiah. The Apoftle, according to the Engliffi tranflation, affirms, " TIia.t we ffiall afl ftand before the judgment-feat of Chrift;" but the oldeft and beft Greek MSS, the Old Latin, and the Vulgate in many MSS, have the judgment- feat OF God. See Mill, Wetftein and Griefbach, and MiU's Prolegom. Sedl. 3432. I have one Latin MS of the New Teftament, and It hath ante tribunal Dei. Although the judgment-feat of Chrift is in truth the judgment- feat of God, and It is faid by St. Paul himfelf, in 2 Cor. v. 10, " That we muft aU appear before the judgment.feat of Chrift;" yet in the epiftle to the Rom'ans the courfe ofthe Apoftle 's reafoning requires the reading preferved In the MSS and verfioris above-mentioned. God, as the fame •-Apoftle obferves in Adls xvii. 31, wiU judge the world 304 NOTES world in righteoufnefs by the man whom he hath ordained. Ibid. 7- ffiall come — -] The lxx in MS March, alfo have ugsa-iv. See Bos and De Roffi. CHAP. XLVI. I. Bel ] See Farmer on Idolatry, p. ^87, &c. Ibid, ¦ Nebo— J The lxx in MS Alex, have Aafwi/ ; and Eufebius agrees with this MS. See Farmer on Idolatry, p. 14 r. 3. ye who have been borne by me from the birth; who have been Carried from the womb.] Thefe exprefllons are equivalent to the word ufed by St, Paul in Adls xiii, iS, flpotpoqiopna-.tv aula?, he bare them with the tendernefs of a parent. It hath been matter of debate among the learned, whether this be the true reading Iffthls place. Mill's opiriion was In favour of this reading, which he fupports by ftrong arguments, as welias great authorities : but Wetftein feems to prefer the common reading Elpo- TToipopJia-Ev aula?, he fiffered their manners. The very learned Biffiop Pearce, after confidering the reafons urged by thofe and other learned men, expreffeth himfelf perfedlly fatisfied with the firft-mentioned reading; and it was reafonable to expedl that the point had been fettled to generarfatisfacllon. Of late however Biffiop Newcome, on Hof.,xI. 4, with out offering any reafons, peremptorily decides, that the common is the beft-fupported reading. See Mifl, Wetftein, Grieffiach, and JPearce in Loc. and if. ixiU. 9. Nehem, ix, 2r. C H A P. On I S a I a ll 305 CHAP. XLVII. 4. The lxx in MS Alex, and the Arab, infert In the beginning of the verfe aTTEu ; righdy, as it feems. 8. ¦ and there is nothing elfe.] The true reading here and in ver. 10. and alfo In Zeph. ii. 15. feems to be ddni without the ' at the end. lxx, x«» Uif IflV tl-BpX. 9 &c. See Farmer on Mir. 267, &c. 278. CHAP. XLVIII. T,- who flow from the fountain of Judah.] The rneaning feems to be, who are def cended from Judah. See a valuable tradl In Theol. Repof. vi. 194 — 202. 12.1 — my fervant ; ¦] This addi tion Is confirmed by two of De Roffi's MSS. I bid'- '• — I am he ; ] See the notes on Deut. xxxn. 39. and Exod. Hi, 14. In Commen taries and Effays, i, p. 308. 286. Ibid.— ——and I am the laft.] lxx, kxi ifu fijuj £if tov ximx : and fo Arab. See xli. 4, xliv. 6. 16. Biffiop Lowth thinks that this and the two ¦preceeding verfes are addreffed to the idolatrous na tions ; but I fee no fufficient reafon for fuppofing any part of the chapter to be addreffed to fhem. The whole chapter feems to be addreffed to the houfe of Jacob'. See ver. i. 12. 17. Ibid. When it ffiaU come to pafs, I ffiall be there.] This appears to me the mofl probable meaning. The lxx underftood the fentence as referring to fome former time. U Ibi(^ 3o6- N .O T -E S Ibid. And now Jehovah hath fent me -with his fpirit.] Origen .luiderftaods the perfon here fpeak ing to be Chrift, and in the paffage cited from him by the Bishop he determines the t^me conftripdlion of |lie words to be, y^nd mw Jehovah ^at,h fent rn^ and hts Spirit; but .in another paflaiige cited from \m\ by Dr. Prieftley* he determines otherwife, and declares that Chrift in thefe. words acknowlegeth himfelf to haye begn fent , by the Hoily Spirit, as well as by the Father. The words feem not to be the -wgrds of Chrift, but ,of the Prophet, as the Chaldee underftands them inferting before them Dixit Propheta. This interpretation is ftrongly confirmed by Zgch, vii. 12. The copulative 1 ought often to be tranflated with, as the learned Dr. Geddes bath we}l obferved in his letter to iBiffiop Lowth p. 19, .20. ' , 19-^!-^: — as the dvft of die earth.] I follow the LXX and Arabic. 20, his jieopleT-T- ] TJiis \s the, read ing of the LXX (Ale:?.) .and Arabic, and it is morp proper In this pl^ce-than his fervant, as ihe plural is ufed In the next yerfe. The. two wofds haiy& beep changed in other places. See the pifliop's fecond note OR lxiii. 11. ^.1. The LXX have the verbs in the future tenfe ; and tthey are confirmed by the Old Latin in Cy prian T. p. 24. E. p. 151. Edit. FeU. p. 106. 279. E cay. See the Biffiop on lxii. 10. and Kennicott'^s Diff. Gen. Scfl:. 25. CHAP, • Hiftory of Oplmons concerning Chiift. ii, 278— aSr^ On I S a I a ti; 3©; G H A P< XLIX; 3 Ifraei,— — >] This riame is omitted in Orie 'Ms No. 96 ; and Midiaelis thinks that it ouglit to be omitted, and that by the omiffion great light is .thrown on the whole chapter. See , Maty's Review for Jan. 1783, and De Roffi. If the name be here righdy inferted, it muft mean the Meffiah; byt ^s Jn- the 5th, 6th and 7th verfes, Jfrael means. th€l . houfe of Ifrael, it is probably an interpolation; - - •6. "It is a great ¦ thing for thee ] This is the. reading of the lxx-, Arab, and Old Latin in TertuUian, p. 506. A. Chald- and Syr. h^ve, "Is it. a finall thing -?" The true reading feeps , to be l^^ijfor bp\ ' -,( . Ibid.-^ — the tribes——] This is the true tranf lation ; and it is. fupported by afl the .yerfioris. Ibid.— the difperfed ] Biffiop Lowth hath the branches, and Michaelis in p. 103 agrees with him ; but the lxx have Tnv ..Si-x^trp^xti, which is Confirmed by Chald. Arab, and Old Latin. Thg true reading feems to be '~iT3 from mr, difperfit, wljich , word is.vfrequently applied adti-v^'eiy to the dif perfion of the Ifraelites. See Levit, xXvi. 33. Pfi xliv.ii,' Ezek. xii. 14, 15. xx. 23. xxii; 15. It is of importance to obferve farther that three . MSS and three editions of 1486^ 1488 and 1494* h^vei • nn differing only from the fuppofed true reading in. having jf for r ; i. e. one z for another; of which change many examples might be. given- See Cap- pel. C. S. 244, 245. The words ei? ^i«6«)t>iv y£>8?, which are in moft copies of the lxx and in the Arabic, feem to have been taken from xUi. 6. They are not in Heb. Chald. Syr. Vulg* or Old Latin; nor are they in MS Alex, or Juftin p. ,399, or in Adls xni. 47. As to ths conclufion of the U a v«fsf 308 NOTES verfe, fee Owen on the lxx, p. 70. and Kennicott's Diff. Gen. Seft. 67. 7. Sanftify j'-e ] Heb. wtip, his Holy One ; for which Archbiffiop Seeker propofeth to 'read i»np^, to his Hqly One ; but there is no autho-" rity for this reading, and it is an infuperable objec tion againft this alteration, and alfo againft Biffiop Lowth's verfion of the words immediately follow ing, that by both God is reprefented as fpeaking to the Meffiah, whereas nothing follows which can be . fuppofed to have been fo fpoken by him. I think it therefore undotibted, that the reading followed by the ' LXX and Arabic i»ip, xyMo-xtt, is right. This very important reading, -which is not noticed by Bifhop Lowth, is confirmed by twelve MSS in Dr. Kennicott's cofleftion, among which are No.. I and 1 54 two of the moft valuable MSS extant, and alfo by the two, oldeft editions of the whole '. Flebrew Bible in 1488 and 1494. Dr.^ De Roffi informs us that many ofhis MSS haye the fame reading, and he particularly mentions five Spaniffi MSS. If We adopt this reading, it will be necef^ fary to make fome fmali correftions in the following words in conformity to the lxx and Arabic and. other authorities. Ibid. him who defpifed liis life;——] Heb. if Dj HD^ ; i.xX and Arab, tov ^xvXi^ovtx tnv ^vj(y\v: avm. They doubtlefs found VtVDi nnn, which read ing affords an excellent fenfe, defcriptive of the Meffiah, who gave himfelf fbr us, that he might re-. deem us fr'om all iniquity and purify to himfelf apecu-^ liar people zealous of good works ; * and who, with a , view to the joy fet before him, endured the crofs, de^ fpfing the ftame, and is fitten down at the right- hand of the throne of God. f Ibid.— * Titus iii. 14. f Heb. xii, 2. Ok isaiah. 309 Ibid.— -who was abhorred by the nation; ] Heb. 'U lyriD^ ; lxx and Arab, tov ^StX\)What is thebill ] So lxx, and to the fame fenfe the other verfions. See ixvi. I . ¦* •4. The Meffiah is the, fpeaker to the end of the chapter. The prophecy uttered by him in chap. xlix. is, as it were, the opening of his commiffion, and this is applicable to the concluding part of his life. 6..— -—to be fcourged; : ] Heb. CDOD^. The Engliffi Bible and Biffiop Lowth with , Chald. and Vulgj- confider the word as a participle, and render it to the fmiters ; but the lxx confider it as a noun, and render it ei? fA«riy«t, to ftripes, and with thern agree Arab. Syr. and the Old Latin in Tertullian 399 A. and Laft antius. iv. 18. 13. arid Epit. c. 46. See- Matt, xxvii. 26. Mark xv. 15. Luke xviii. 31 — —33. John xix. i. Ibid. to be fmitten with the palm of the hand.] Heb. cn'tsirsV. The Engliffi Bible and- Bi ffiop Lowth with Chald. and Vulg. confider this word as a participle, and render it to them fhat plucked off the hair ; but the lxx confider it as a noun, and render it ei? pxTris-fAxtx, to ftrokes with the palm of the hand, and with them agree Arab. Syr. and the Old Latin, which In Blanchini, Evang. Quad. Tom. iv. p. vict^yu. hath ad alap as, and in Tertullian andljadiantms ad palmas. See Matt. xxvi. .6y. Mark kIv. 6s. Luke xxii. 64. John xviii. 22. xix. 3. Ibid.— from the difgrace of being fpitten on.] The Engliffi Bible and Biffiop Lowth have, agree ably to Heb. Chald. Syr.' and Vulgate, from ftame and fpitting ; but the lxx underftand the He- . brew 314 NOTES; brew as expreffing ii* ha^ Svon, and righdy tranflate a-TTo xte-pnjviK tftiirt\i See Ken nicott's Rernarks on Exod. vi. 3. p. 42. 7. St. On ISAIAH. 3,17 7. St. Paul In Rom. x. 15. alludes to this verfe, and abridgeth it. He hath applied it, as the Biffiop- obferves, with great , propriety to the preaching of tile Gofpel ; but ther© Is no reafon for liippofing that he thought Ifaiah's fubjeft in this place to be infinitely more interefting, and more fublime than that of Nahum, and that his ideas here are in their fufl extent evangelical.. Nahum, as the Bifliop. farther obferves, denounceth the deftruftion, of the capital of the Affyrian empire, the moft. formidable enemy of Judah ; and the context makes It proba ble that Ifaiah, whofe language in this place Is fo fimflar to Nahum's, had here thefame and no other objeft in view. The deftruftion of Nineveh hap pened, as Mr. Jackfon (i. 307.- 343—^349;) cal culates, in the year 606 before Chrllt, and ijt is pro- bj,ble that then thefe prophecies of Ifaiah and Nahum were fulfilled, and that in confequence of that, event an end was put to the captivity qf the Jews in Af fyria. The joyful tidings proclaimed to Sion, ". Thy, God reigneth," were extremely proper on fuch an occafion ; but they are not neceffarily the fame which John the Baptift, and which Chrift himfelf publifh ed, " The kingdom of heaveri is at hand." 8. Biffiop Lowth hath here made an alteration by conjefture, which appears to be ingenious and plaufibie; but I think that it is not well-founded, and indeed that it is unneceffary. The reading fol lowed by the uxx and Arabic is very proper ;. and the repetition of the word btp, voice, is confirmed by Chald. and all the verfions. 9, .. and will redeem Jerufalem.] One MS No. 150, hath bM\ and the -yaa , is confirmed by LXX, Arab, and Syr, This and the preceeding verb, and the verbs in the next verfe. ought to be rendered in the future tenfe ; and fome of them are fo rendered in fome of the verfions, Biffiop Lowth on 3i8f: -i''- NOTES on the authority of two or- three MSS hath changed Jertfalem into Ifrael,' and 'he tells us that die pro priety of the correftion, both iri regard to fenfe and elegance, is- evident: but as the prophecy re lates to the Jews, not the Ifraelites, and as the pre fent reading is confirmed by Chald. and all the verfions, as well as by almoft all tht MSS, I can not hefltate in preferring the common reading. See U. 17. Ui. I, 2. , ¦' ' ' ' 10. — ¦ of God'.] So LXX, Arab, and the Old Latin In Tertullian, p. 410B. 11,12, St. Paul" In 2 Cor. vi. 17. cites a pai-t of th^fe -Verfes'; but there is at prefent a material dif ference between the Citation and 'the original. One MS No. 294 hath HDO) agreeably to lxx, Arab. Syr. and St, Paul ¦ KAI ^xaSapIa ; and three MSS- have CDi'SDx?:-!, which ffiouild perhaps be- i=33'r)DD.^V If this be the true reading. It Is properly rendered by St. Paul xosi ^o-Si^ofAxt .'iifj^x?. The word i"i2n, which is commonly rendered be ye clean, feems alfo to be a miftake, the lxx and St. Paifl having xc nvoigE, although, according to Eufe- Jalus, the reading of Syminachus is, x.x.^ aulo; :U7C7iKS(rf . See the H«xa,pla. Ibid. As a lanpib he was led to the flaughter-: and as a ffieep .before her ffiearer is dumb ; fo he opened, not his mouth.] The words. lamb and fteep feern, as Le Clerc on Afts viii. 92 obferves, to have changed places in the lxx and in Afts. The order in the Hebrew, which Is confirmed by the Chaldee .and Syriac, is moft proper. Biffiop Lowth's tranflation is. As a lamb that is led, &cc. : but in the lxx and Afts the word is »ix,8*i} he was led; and with therra .agree . Symmachus and the Old Latin, the former having •57(jo(nji'£x,6.ti, and the latter duflus eft. See Hexapla, and Novatian, c, 9. The word rery- dered her ftearer is in the plural number ; but two MSS have it in the fingular number agreeably -sto the LXX and Afts vfii. 32. See Laftant. Epit. p. 126. n, i.^edlL Davis. The prophet In this vprfe very remarkably foretels our Saviour's filence on rwo different occafions ; namely, before his judges, and at the time of his fufferings- His filence be fore his judges is related Matt. xxvi. s'^—^'i- ^xylL 12— 14; Mark xiv. 53—61. xv. 3—5-. L-ul^e xxiu. 5. John xix. 9. See Lardner's Sermons, vol. II. p.. 27^ 44 — ^0. As. to his filence at the time of his bufferings, fee Larxiner, ibid. p. 57 &c. 8. In his humiliation &c, — — ] I have raade- Baany confiderable alterations in Biffiop Lowth's X 4 tranflation 328 NOT 'E 3 tranflation of this verfe, the reafons for which ffiall be fubmitted to the judgment of the reader, jft. 1 adopt the reading of the lxx, bv rn txtntvucet, which is followed Afts viii. 33 ; and which is confirmed by the Old Latin iri Tertullian, 1 99. D. and Lac tantius. Inft. iv. 18. 24. In the Hebrew are the words tODii'oai "isyo, which In our verfion are rendered from prifon and from judgment. Biffiop Lowth hath nb note on thefe words ; but his vetfion is, by an opprefftve judgment. He would read, I prefume, by mere conjefture, as Dr. Kennicott Ih his Diff. Gen. Seft. 28. n. h. propofeth, idsipdu njf:;a. But as the reading of the lxx and Afts gives a clear and good ferife, is it not fafer to correft the Hebrew on their authority, efpecially as they are in part confirmed by a Hebrew MS, which reads dd'^di inftead of CDa^nni, and as this and the preceeding words are written on a rafure In another MS ? I muft obferve farther, that in Afts viii. 33, the read ing is, tv ti\ rxtrnviaa-n ATTOT, whereas the pronoun is not in the lxx, and is omitted in Afts by the Alexandrian MS and the Vulgate : but this is of littie confequence, the fenfe being the fame with or without the pronoun. " TaTrafwo-i?, faith Dr. Lightfoot on Luke I. 48, fignlfieth not the virtue of humility or the lowlinefs of mind, but the ftate of a low and poor condition, and it is fo rendered here by the Syrian, Arabic, Spaniffi, French, Deodates, Italian, Dutch and all Latlnes that are not wed ded to the Vulgai-: and fo it Is ufed by the lxx Gen. xvi. .11, and xU. 52. i Sam. i. 11, and fo again by thp New Teftament, Afts vIII. ^^, com pared with the original in Ifai. UII. 8 ; and fo Heathen authors , diftingulffi betwixt Ta-TraKuo-i; and txirnvo- (ppoo-ui/r), by the former underftanding as we do here, and by the latter the virtue of humility. The fame word in a manner, or' one of the fame root in v. 5- On isaiah. ,329 52 is oppofed to Aoi/«r«f, and inevitably beareth the fenfe we foUow." Works, vol. i. 414, See alfo Whitby on Luke i, 48. 2dly, I think on the authority of the lxx and Afts vin. 33, which have n xg lo-t; xws, and of the MS above mentioned, which liath \2Bwn; that we ought to read iDD^-ra, and tranflate it, his condem nation, as the words in both languages certainly fig nify. See Taylor's Concord. R. 2000. No. 34. 97, arid Biffiop Lo-wth' s note on xlii. i ; and as to jcfiirif, fee Matt. xxin. 33. John Ui. 17 — 19. v. 24, 27. and Wetftein on John v. 24 and 27. 3dly. I tranflate pn!? and xj 9>i, was extorted, which fenfe the conneftion requires, and the words will well bear, both of them fignifying to feize, to take by force, &c. This is the true fenfe of the Old Latin in TertuUian. 1 99. D, and of the, Vulgate in Afts vin. 33, " Judicium e]\is fublatum eft:" and TertuUian in his Apology c. 21. p. 20. C. alluding manifeftly to this prophecy of Ifaiah expreffeth him felf thus ; " Ad doftrlnam ejus [Chrifti] quia re- vincebantur magiftri primorefque Judaeorum, ita exafperabantur, maxime quod ad eum ingens mul- tltudo'deflefteret, utpoftremo oblatum Pontio Pilato Syriam tunc ex parte Romana procuranti violentia fuffragiorum in crucem dedi fibi extorserint. Prsdixerat et ipfe ita futuros. Parum hoc, si non ET PRoPHETiE retro." See alfo 200. A. 410. D. The manner In which the fentence of death againft our Saviour was extorted from Pilate by the Jews, as it is related in the New Teftament, Is extremely remarkable ; and it is here, 1 think, very cleariy foretold. The circumftances of this affair contained in the Gofpels are collefted together, and pertinent remarks are made thereon by Dr. Lardner in. his Credib. part i. book i. c. 7, fee, 8. " It is evi dent, faidi he, from the paffages iaft quoted, and from 530 NO TES from many others in the Gofpels, that the evange lifts have reprefented Pilate's condemn.'vtion of our Lord as extorted from hini." See Afts in. 13 15. xiii. 28, and Biffiop Pearce thereon. It is right to add, that Biffiop Pearce on Afts via. 33, obferves, that the words, " In his humiliation his judgment was taken away," feem to mean that the fentence given by PHate for crucifying him (Chrift) was FORCED from that judge, and that, according to him, the lxx feem to have red, in the Hebrew text, pnb iDSii'D iKyD. See Cappel. C. S. p. 61. I46. and Hody. p. 261. 4thly. The words next foUowing are thus ren- • dered by Biffiop Lowth, " And the manner of his life who would declare ?" And In a note he hath gi ven from Dr. Kennicott fome very Ingenious obfer vations in fupport of this verfion, which hath been approved by many learned men. But although It is recommended by fuch very relpeftable authori ties, yet I am fatisfied, that this is not the true meaning of Ifaiah ; for the verbs in Hebrew and Greek (nniiy and Sinyna-Btxi) fignify moft naturally* will declare, not would declare, and the words nn and TTiv yivixi «UT2 fignify, in their plain and obvious meaning, his generation or his age. The words in and ytvBoi, occur very frequently in the facred v/rltings, and are almoft always to be underftood in the fame fenfe. Piee Whitby on Matt. xxiv. 34, and Peirce on Philip, ii. 15. In Matt xi. 16. our Saviour afks, " Whereunto ffiall I liken this generation, mv TENEAN txMtYiV ?" Which queftion in Luke vu. 31, is thus expreffed, " Whereunto ffiall I Uken the men of this generation, at/S-ewTra; -ru; TENEAS t«u- T«5 r * The Hebre-w -word might be'rendeired luould declare, if the contcjct required this fenfe. See Kennicott's Remarks, p. 48. On I S a I a H. 334 ««? ?" What -could be mope. proper than for the Prophet to exprefs indignation againft fiich unex ampled wickednefs as that which he foreteUs ; and bow could he exprefs indignation more properly than by fuch an exclamation ? " I cannot fay it without regret, faith Jofephus De Bell. Jud. lib. v. c. 13. feft. 6, yet I muft declare, it is my opinion, that if the Romans had delayed, to corrie agauifl thefe wretches, the city (Jerufalem) would have been fwallowed up by an earthquake,' or over whelmed by a deluge, or elfe been confumed by fire from Heaven, as Sodom was : For it bore a ge neration OF MEN (rENEAN) more wicked than thofe which had fuffered fuch calamities." And in c. X. Seft. 5, of the fame book Jofephus faith; " To reckon up all their villainies is impoffible : but in a word, never did any city fuffer fo great calamities ; nor was there ever from the beginning of the world a time [a generation of men," TENEAN] more fruitful of wickednefs than that was." * As to the great corruption of the Je-wiffi people about jDur Saviour's time, fee Dr. Lardner's Credib. part i. Book i. c, 6, where thefe paffages of Jofephus are cited. I have copied his tranflation of them. 5thly. The next .fentence I tranflate agreeably to the LXX and St. Luke, whofe reading is confirmed, by the Old Latin, and is probably more exaft than the * In order farther to eftablifli the fenfe given by me to this much difputed paifage it may be of »fe to add, that in Ifaiah jcxxviii. J2. the word -'nn, which is tranflated by Aquila and Theodotion yma (n-u, and by Vulg. generatio mea, certainly means the men of my generation, as Mr. Harmer (iv, 451—453.) hath moft ingenioufly ffiewn, I am glad to find that the feife which appeared to me fo eafy and natural is not new, but that it is recommended by Dr. Whitby in his Striaur^ Patrum p. 104, See Bifliop Pearce on Afts viii, -33, and Mr, Lindfey's .^econ4 Addrefe/p. 105, 106, 250, , '331 NOTES the common reading : but it is of little confequence whether we foUow the former or the latter reading, the meaning of both being nearly the fabae. 6thly, The beginning of the laft fentence is thus tranflated by Biffiop Lowth, " For the wickednefs of my people." But the conneftion, I think, re^ quires, that it ffiould be tranflated, " Through the wickednefs of my people," as it certainly may be, (fee xxix. 9. U. 21. Pf. cvU. 3^.) and as it is by the lxx, Ano tm xvofjum &c. ; and In Tertul lian, p. 196 D. and Laftantius, Inft. iv. c. 18. 12. A Facinoribus populi mei perduftus [adduftus, Laftant.] eft ad mortem. By the words, my people^ I underftand the prophet's people, as in Dan, ix. 20, 24. Jer. via. 19, 21, 22. ix. i. and Ezek. xiil» 1 7 -, for from the beginning of this chapter the pro phecy hath been uttered in the name of Ifaiah, and not of God. Origen c. Celf. p. 41, 42, Indeed underftands the people of God to be meaned, and fuppofeth fome of the expreffions ufed in the fourth and fifth verfes to be uttered by perfons of the Jewiffi and other nations, who had been benefited by the fufferings of Chrift. But what confufion of perfons is introduced by this interpretation ! The reading of mo^, to death, at the end of this verfe is indifputably genuine. See Dr, Kennicott's note in Biffiop Lowth's Ifaiah, and his Diff. Gen. Seft. 9. Although Dr. Kennicott's tranflation of the beginning of tills verfe is not adopted by Biffiop Lowth, yet I have no doubt In preferring to the tranflation of the latter that of the former, which for the reafons offered by him and by a learned fo reign profeffor (Mr. Starck) cited by him appear to me to be iri the higheft degree probable. See his fecond Differtation on 'the Hebrew Text, p, 369—^374. Diff. Gen. Seft. 6<), 70. p. 30. n. Dr. On ISAIAH. 33i Dr. Sykes in his Effay on the Truth of the Chriftian Religion, p. 256 — 260, 2d. edit, difapproves of the propofed tranfpofition, and gives a very different tranflation. Let the reader weigh the arguments ¦\vhich have been offered by thefe learned writers. But it may not be improper to obferve, that the conneftion favours Dr. Kennicott ; and that fuch a tranfpofition may now more eafily be admitted, as it is eftabliffied beyond the poffibility of doubt, not only that many tranfpofitions have been made in Hebrew MSS, but alfo that the Jews have wilfully corrupted feveral prophecies relating to the Meffiah in the origihai and in the verfion of tiie lxx. See Dr. Owen's Inquiry into the prefent State of the Septuagint Verfion, and Dr. Kennicott's Diff. Gen- Seft. 22, 23, 67, 68, 6g, 70, 71, 72, 73, 79, Dr. Kennicott's tranflation of the fecond fentence is, " And with a rich man was his fepulchre :" But I think that the prophet is to be underftood as fpeak ing In the time prefent, and defcriblng the Meffiah as then depofited In a fepulchre, and there remain ing, till God himfelf, as It follows, declares his refolution to raife him from the dead. It is cer tain, that the words wiU admit this fenfe aS well as the other, the exaft tranflation being, " And with a rich man his fepulchre." Ibid. was guile found ] In the Alex andrian copy ofthe lxx, in Clemens R. c. 16, Juf tin, p. 75, 162. Origen c, Celf p. SA- and i Pet. ii. 22, is the word supjSn, and In Tertullian, p. 196, the words inventus eft. Eufebius in Loc. agrees with the Vat. lxx; but in Pfalmos, p. s'^^ D- fpeaking of Chrift he faith, Movo? twv £^ wiwvo; a^ap- tixv sKi-rroimtv, sSt ETPE©H SoXoi;, ko^x tov Htrxixv, bv ta rofUli xvin. It is therefore probable, that the word N!iD: hath be^i loft from the text. lo. Since 33\ NOTES ro. Since he is made an offering for fin,- 'j- The Engliffi verfion Is, " When thou ffialt maktf his foul an offering for fin," and Biffiop Lowth's, " If his foul ffiall make a propitiatory facrifice :" But, as our Saviour is before reprefented as put to death, thefe verfions appear to be improper. The Biffiop obferves, that for tzi'Wn a MS reads C2Z>n, which, faith he, may be taken paffively, agreeably to fome copies of the lxx, which have Stalxi, and fo reads the Syriac. In proof that iJwlai is the true' reading of the lxx, it may be obferved, that Cle mens R. c. 16. and Juftin p. 75, read fo ; and that E and «t are often changed in MSS, See Wotton's Clemens R. p-, 142, This reading is approved by Cappellus, C. S. 529, S30- and Dr. Bdyce. It feems to me, that from this place to the end of the chapter, God Is reprefented as declaring the effefts and the rewards .of the conduft and fufferings of the Meffiah, and that the true tranflation is, " Since he (viyQi, his foul, being ufed here, and in the two following -verfes, as in many other '^places, Infteadof the ipronoun ; fee Biffiop Law's Appendix to his Con'iderations ;) Is made an offering' for fin." That the particle nnx, and the correfpondent Greek par ticles « and «r£, which are fimilar to txv here ufed by the lxx, frequently fignify quia, quandoquidem is fully ¦ proved in the books to which Mr. Farmer refers iri his moft ingenious Inquiry into the Nature and Defign of Chrift's Temptation in. the Wilder nefs, p. 13, 14. 3d edit. See Num. xxn. 20-, Jer. xxiii. 3'^. Ezek. xxxv. 6. In the two laft of which citations edk is rendered sith In the Engliffi bible. The verfion ot' Junius and Tremelius hath quando-' quidem in this Ytifc of Ifaiah. , . Ibid: - — - — . he ffiall fee a -feed ] The meaning feems to be, " He ffiall fee ntjmerous con verts to his religion i" as in Pf. xxii, " wh.ch, faith Mr. Om ' ISAIAH. 335 Mr. Peirce on Heb. ii. 1 2, feems to belong entirely and folely to Chrift, every thing in it fully agreeing to him, and fome things in. it being fuch as mani feftly can relate to no other, perfon," Chrift Is re prefented at the thirtieth verfe, according to the lxx and other ancient verfions, and fome Hebrew MSS, as faying, " My seed ffiaU ferve hlnn, (Jehovah.)'" See Dr. Randolph on the Prophecies and other texts cited in the New Teftament, p. 49 &c; -where the learned author hath made fome curious remarks on the latter part of this pfalm. See alfo Ifai.vni. 18, and Peirce's Remarks thereon In his note bn Heb. II. 13, ' Ibid. — ' ' and ffiall prolong his days.] Biffiop Lowth's verfion is, " which [feed] ffiall prolong their days." But the mOre natural verfion is, he ftall prolong, or, as one MS and Syriac read, and fhall prolong, Tixn ; and a'D' -may as well be fup pofed to be corrilpted from vp», -his days, as from an'D', their days.- -The Greek verfion, as we now have it, is ji*axp(j6i,oi/, he ftall fee a LOt^ g-lived. feed, which doth not appear to be the true lenfe. 1 he words feem to contain a promife, that the Meffiah after being put to death ffiould be reftored to an endlefs life. So In Pf xvi. 11, the Meffiah in the ftate of the dead is introduced faying, " Thou "wilt ffiew me the path of life." See alfo Pf. xci. ! 6. " That Chrift ffiould rife again is Implied, faith the moft learned Mr. Mede, both in that famous prophecy of Efay Uii. and that of Zachary xii. In the former, forafm.uch as It is faid, that after he had made his foul a facrifice for fin, he ffiould fee his feed, and prolong his days, and the pleafure of the Lord ffiould profper in his hands : and again, that the Lord ffiould divide him a portion with the great, and that he ffiould divide the fpoil with the Arongi becaufe he had poured out his foul Unto death J 336 NOTES deaths which argues that he ffiould riot only live again, but be viftorious after he had died." Works, p. 51. \ ,. ¦ I Ibid. — — the gracious purpofe of Jehovah — •] In this book of Ifaiah God is frequently reprefented as fpeaking of himfelf in the third perfon. See in particular chap, lviii. II. • [the fruit] ] Thefe words are not in the Engliffi Bible, but are rightly inferted by Biffiop Lowth. They had been inferted in the Bible of 1574. , Ibid. By his knowlege———] Biffiop Lowth';^ verfion is, " By the knowlege of him ;" and this verfion, according to Dr. Sykes, in his before cited ^ffay, p. 261, is right : but the other is the more natural fenfe of the word, and it muft be fo under ftood in Prov. in. 20. Aquila, Theod. and Sym. have tv tn yi/u9' m ts-xptSo^n «? ^xvx- Toi/ n 4'uj^i xvIh, becaufe his foul (I. e. he) was delivered to death ; and conformable to this verfion Is the Old Latjn in TertuUian, p. 196. d. " Pro eo quod tra- dita eft in mortem anima ejus." In Laftantius, Inft, Div. iv. 1 8, the expreffion Is different, " Prop terea quod TRADiTus EST ad mortem;" and it ap pears from this verfion, that to deliver his soul ti) death, and to deVfVer hiujself to death, are fynony mous expreffions. Our Saviour is faid in many piaces of^ the New Teftament, Gal. I. 4. ij. 20. Eph. v. 2. I Tim. U. 6. and Tit. ii. 14. to have Y zjven 33? NOTES given himself ; and in ali thefe places the word txvlov (himfelf) is rendered in the Syriac verfion of the New Teftament his foiil. Coverdale's verfion in 1550 is wrong in tranflating the verb In the fu ture tenfe ; but he underftands it as fignifying to give up. His verfion is, "Becaufe he ffiall geve over his foule to death." The Bible of 1574 hath it thus, " Becaufe he geveth over his foule to death." Remarkable are the words of our Saviour , in relation to- his death and refurreftlon in John x. 17, 18. " Therefore, faith he, doth my father iove me, becaufe I lay down my life, that I may take it again. No-one taketh it frora me, but I lay it down of myfelf: I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again. This command ment have I received from rny father." < And in John xiv. 31, he declares his readlnefs to fubmit himfelf to death In obedience to the command of God. Ibid. he took away the fins- ] Biffiop Lowth's verfion Is, " he bare the fin." See the firft ^note on ver. 4. For'Xton, fin, read 'NOn, fins, with the LXX, Heb. ix. 28, i Pet. ii. 24, and Laftant. Inft. Div. iv. 18. Coverdale's verfion is, " Whiche nevertheleffe ffiall take awaye the synnes of the multitude." The Bible of 1574 hath, " Whiche nevertheleffe hath taken away the sinnes of the multitude." Ibid. And made interceffion for tranfgreffors.] This laft fentence is otherwife tranflated in the pre fent copies of the lxx, K«i Six t«j xvojAixt [i»f*«p1t«f, MS Alex.] aulwi/, -m-xptSoh : and with them agrees the ¦Arabic, and alfo Juflin in feveral piaces ; but in p^ 73 he hath, K probably belongs to the next word. This verfe is nearly parallel to lv. 5. In Exod. xii. 48. we have the fame words which occur in the beginning, of this verfe. The word m here, ufed is the proper word for a profelyie, on which woird Lucas Brugenfis on Matt. xxui. 15. thus remarks. y 1 " Graeca 2AO NOTES •* Graeca vox eft, latine fonans advenam, quem Hebrasi efierunt Ger, qua fignificarit eum, quem ex aliena natione in fuze iegis confortium adduxeririt : qui a GentiUtate ad Judaifmum adduftus eft, non natione Judseus, fed adoptiione faftus, ac. in iegis Mofaicse fasdera acceptus : quafi dicas adventitium ad religionem, quod opponitur . Judzeo nato." See Lardner's Supplement to Credib. iu. 128 — 147. and Remarks upon Ward, 95 — 118, fihere lie proves that there was only bne fort of Jewiffi Pro felytes. CHAP. LV. J,— —I wIU give to you the facred things of David, which fhail never faU.J Biffiop Lowth's tranflation is ; "I will give you the gracious pro mifes made to David, which never ffiaU fail :" but it js manifeft from the context, that the prophecy relates direftly to the Meffiah, and that" he is in tended by the name David, and not, as the Biihop feems to ffippofe, the king of that name, who had > been long dead. See Whitby on Afts xiii. 34, Peirce's Diff p. 26. 31, Jeffery's True Grounds, p.- 138. and Peters's Pref. p. xxi, &c. 5. In this verfe the Hebrew and lxx effentially differ. I, as Biffiop Lowth, follow the former, except that I twice underftand 1J as plural, which he underftands as fingular. It is ujiderftood as plu ral by the lxx. Old Latin and Syriac in both places, and by the Vulgate In one of them. The -verfion of the LXX, which is iConfirmed by the Old Latin in TertuUian, p. 201. A. 409. A- and Novatian. c. 9> is to this effeft, " Nations which have not known thee ffiall hivoke the^ ; and peoples which know thec not ffiaU run to thee." They underftood the •words On isaiah. 341 words as addreffed to the Meffiah ; but as in the third and fourth verfes he is mentioned in the third perfon, and as by ^^^^ Ifrael is intended in liv. 15, where the words are fynonymous to thofe in the verfe under confideration, and where indeed the lxx in- one part ufe precifely the farne words ttn a-e Kxtxtptv- govT«i, it is probable that Ifrael, and nOt the Meffiah is here addreffed. See my laft note on xlix. 7. 7.—— — 'to his God, ] So we certainly ought to read, and not to our God ; fqr God is manifeftly the fpeaker through the chapter. One MS No. 3. had at firft the right reading vn^K. 12 ffiall wave their branches.] lxx, i-n-f^ xforna-Ei toi? xXxSoig. This tranflation is confirmed not only by the Arabic, but alfo. by the Chaldee. The word ^d fignifies branch as well as hand, and it is probable that we ought here to read CDnnsa in agreement with thefe authorities, the three iaft let ters of which word might eafily be loft on account of their fimllarity to the firft word of the next verfe nnn, which word in one MS is remarkably written t-wice. In order to exprefs the meaning of the ad joining verb, I have taken from MUton a word, which he hath elegantly ufed on an occafion fome what fimilar. ¦ ¦¦ - ' Alid wave your tops, ye pines, With every plant, in fign c^ worfliip wave. P. L. .v. 193. 13.'- ¦ and Jehovah ffiall be————] Heb. nin'V irm, and it ftall be to Jehovah. This reading, which is confirmed by Chald. Syr. and Anibic, af fords no proper fenfe : but the verfion of the lxx fuppUes us with a reading, which Is worthy of the Prophet, KXI ti-xi KTPIOS. Bos on the place hath this note, *' In quibufdam libris eft Kujiw, quod Y 3 cum 342 NOTES cum Hebrseo convenit;" but Kugio? is the reading of the beft copies and of Juftin in p. 165, which is confirmed by the Vulgate Dominus, and alfo by one Hebrew MS No. 100, which hath mn*. Ibid. to you a figpai.] Heb. Qty^ ; which is rendered by the lxx a? ovo^s-x. It is certain how ever that the Hebrew word fignifies not only a name, hut aifo a fign, fignal or monument. See Jackfon's Chronoh Vol. i. p. 225. and Peters on Job. p. 238 — 242. The aUufion is to pUlars and monuments erefted as guides to perfons traveiUng through un inhabited deferts. I have inferted the words to you, which are impUed, and were perhaps expreffed in the original, CHAP. LVL 3 the ftranger——] Heb. 13 Jn p. lxx, • «XAoy£i/tif . By the ftranger here is not intended a profelyte to the jewiffi religion,^ but a mere Gentile. A ftranger profelyted to the Jewiffi reUgion is figni- fied by the word nj. See note on iiv. 15. " We are affured, faith Dr. Lardner, (Remarks upon Ward, p. 28.) by Jofephus, that Gentiles, or fuch as were aliens, were wont to come to Jerufalem to worffiip there at the time of the Jewiffi feftivals." See I Kings viii. 41— 4*3. 5. — r— a place of diftinftipn— — ] The words in the Hebrew, atfi T, ftrlftiy. fignify, as they are rendered by Aquil. Theod. and Symmachus, a hand and a name ; but they are rendered by Chald. Syr. and Vulg. a place and a name. The lxx and Arab. imderftood them as expreffing tv Six Suoiv, apd they feem to have rightly rendered them tottoi/ ovt^xs-ov. It is probable that our Saviour had this paffage in his thoughts when he faid to his difciples Jolin xiv. 2» 3 On isaiah. 343 fi, 3, *' In my Father's houfe are many ftations. If it were not fo, I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you : and firice * 1 go to prepare a place for you, I will come again, and will receive you to myfelf, that where I am, ye may be alfo." Eufebius in his obfervations on this part of Ifaiah alludes to thefe words of Jefus, which are happily illuftrated in Commentaries and Effays," i. i — 30. Biffiop Lowth by tranflating the fourth verfe, " whoet'er of them ftall have kept my fabbaths, and ftall have chofen that in which I delight, and ftall have fteadfaftly maintained my covenant," dif- covers that he underftood the promife in, the fifth verfe to relate to a future ftate ; but certainly the encouragement offered in the fifth and feventh verfes ought to be underftood alike in that refpeft. In die fixth verfe he renders fimilar words in a different manner ; becaufe the promife in the next verfe can not be referred to a future ftate. The words of our Lord above cited have been fuppofed, with as little reafon, to relate to a future ftate. 6. <¦ and his handmaids ; ] I add thefe words from lxx and Arabic. Ibid.— ——every one who ffiall keep the fabbath> and ihaU not profane it ;• ] As the perfons here intended were not profelytes to the Jewiffi reU gion, but mere Gentiles, who were under no obli^ gation to obferve any part of the Mofaic Law, as fiich, and yet are confidered as highly commendable for keeping the fabbath, it feems to me that a ftrong argument may hence be drawn in fupport of the opinion. That the fabbath was mftituted by God at the beginning of the world, and that it is. obligatory on all men to whom that inftiturion is made known. Y 4 The * So «af ought to be rendered here and in many other places. See my firll note on liii. 10. 344 NOTES The promife In Ifaiah is not-confined tb perfons who rhight be defirous of living ainong the Jews, but extends to aU ftrarigers in any part of the woridj who, not being profelytes to the Jewiffi religion; rhight be iinduced to forfake idolatry, and to obferve the fabbath. Ibid. ¦ and ffiaU fteadfaftly maintain my cove nant.] " Namely, That I alone ffiall be his God,'' T^his is. Mede's explanation. Difcourfe xi. p. 46. 8. I 'will gather to it befide them a congregation.] This is the meaning of the lxx, if we change ou into £T» agreeably to Heb, Chald. Syr. and Vulg. I think that vb^t, or rathfer vbn, which the Bifhop renders unto him, means to it, viZi the houfe of God. See Deut. xxxiU. i — 5 in Kennicott's Re-» marks, p, 84, CHAP. LVIL For the reafons above given in p. 115 — 118, 1 think that the beginning of this cphapter is mifplaced, and that it belongs lo chap. Ulr. It feems to me that little -doubt can be entertained as to the true reading or true fenfe of any ^art of the paflige-, except the conclufion. He ftall arife from his ied^ •walking before it, although his fepulchre is fealed ; and as to this part, the reader wiU weigh the evi dence produced in fupport of the various interpret tatlons, and will give the preference to that interpret tation which ffiall appear to him to be beft-fupported-. It Is poffible that hereafter raore decifive evidence may appear, I." ¦ to heart y-^ ] Vulg. in corde 7«0i and one MS hath "dh. Ibid. ' as pious men are taken away, — ] The conjuiiftion ij as h«* in the New Teftament, often On is AIAH. 345 often fignifies^/. See Noldins i 62, andLe Clerc on Mark ix. 49, and x. t2. The meaning feems to be, as pious men in the ordinary courfe of God's providefice are taken away. The word «idn here ufed is the proper word /or expreffing this fenfe. See Peters on Job, p. 38 1 — 385. Ibid. ¦ ¦ and no-one — — ] One MS at leaft for V^^ hath \'^\ as the word ought certainly to be ; and this word ought to be followed by w>H,. as the fame word is before. The lxx in both places have KXi hShi;, arid in fome copies xvn^ is added in the firft place ; and by Aqull. Theod., and Sym. it is added in the iaft. Ibidi "-^ from evil 5] This is, I think, the true tranflation, and not Biffiop Lowth's, becaufe of the evil: See his note on xxiv. 17, 18. ' 2. And peace ffiaU be to. him.] The Biffiop's tranflation is. He ftall go in peace; but this cannot be rightj becaufe he is before reprefented as gone, as perifted. It is certain that the word 13n in thfi firfl Verfe ought to be rendered is perifhed, a-nos- htlo, as it is by the lxx, and not, as It is by the Biffiop, perifteth, .becaufe the other word ufed^ concerriing the Juft One «1D^<3 muft nexeffarily be renr dered paffivdy is taken away, Aiftlxi. As therefore the fenfe put upon the words by iiim cannot be right, and as the Syriac hath et veniet pax and the Vulgate veniat pax, it is probable that the true reading is t3& Althotigh his fepulchre is fealed.] It muft be admitted -to be a great objeftion againft the altera tion here made, that die prefent reading is con firmed not only by all the Hebrew MSS, but affo by the Chaldee and ali the verfions: but if Dr. Kennicott be right in his opinion, fhat the twenty- fix firft words of this chapter have been- removed from another place to this, the probability is, that tlie tranfpofition was defignedly made ; and if fo, it is natural to fuppofe that the perfons concerned in fuch a tranfaftlon would make fome alterations in the Hebrew and the lxx, in order to difguife the paffage, and to prevent a deteftion , of the fraud. •The Chaldee paraphrafe and the other verfions mighty be fubfequent to the tranfaftlon. Ibid. ¦ of Iniquity; — — ] One of^De Roffi's MSS had at firft. nbvji In agreement with LXX and Arab. 4. ' and at whom ] The copulative is found in fome MSS, and is confirmed by lxx, Syr. and Arab, See Kennicott and De Roffi. 5. See 1 Kings xiv. 23., 2 Kings xvii. 10. Jer. ii. 23. vn. 31. Selden De Diis Syris. Syntag. II. cap, 2, and Spencer, Lib. IL cap. 27. 6. Shall I not take vengeance for thefe things ?] IXX, Evi Tsloif uv SK. spfKrOrKrofiat ; and they are con firmed by Arab. Vulg. and Old Latin in Cyprian, p. 85. III. 264. Edit. Baluz. For the prefent'read- jng C3n3« they found opJN with the negative x^ be fore it. This reading is ftrongly confirmed by Jer. V. 9. 29. ix. 9. thus tranflated by Dr. Blayney; *' For thefe things ffiaU I not vifit, faith Jehovah ? ShaU not my foui avenge itfelf on fuch a nation as this ?" The letters n and p are often changed. See the Biffiop on xxxin, 7. Cappel. C. S, 247. and I Hallett 102. 10. In On I S A I A H. 347 ' 10. In the variety of thy -ways ] Biffiop Lowth's tranflation is. In the length of thy journies j but the other is preferable. See xlvii. 12, 13. One MS hath I'sm In agreement with Lxii and other verfions, and with ver. 17, 18. Ibid. — and haft not faid, " I wiU defift."] This is, I doubt not, the true fenfe. Biffiop Lowth, on very flight authority, hath omitted the negative, •which is found In all the MSS and verfions ; arid he adopts the former tranflation of the word t^Nis, which the Chald. and all the verfions prove to be corrupted. The true reading feems to be u/iDX, which is properly rendered -srauo-opat by the lxx, who are confirmed by Chald. Syr. Arab, and Vulg. One' MS hath .u^nid ; and as ^ ahd ") In fome MS,S are very fimilar, the true reading might eafily be corrupted into this word. I obferve farther that one MS hath ibn. See Taylor's Concord. R. rhn. Signif U. If. It is, becaufe J Vulg. and Arab. q^ia J and the true reading feems to be nVx Inftead of K^n, which, without another word, cannot -fig- irify Ts it not becaufe • — ? Ibid. 348 NOTES Ibid. — I am filent and wink,"" '• ] The txx have ers iSm, and Arab, agrees with them ; but the prefent reading nt£>nQ feems to be right, and to be rightly tranflated in. the Vulgate tacens. The Bi ffiop's correftion of the next word is undoubtedly right. See Levif. xx. 4, Deut* xxu, i. 3. 4. Afts xvu, 30, 1 2." I wUi declare — ¦¦ ] The lxx have xxi at the beginning of this verfe ; but as it is not fup ported by Heb. Chald. Syr. Arab, or Vulgate, it feems not to be genuine. Eufebius in loc. may be added to the authorities for reading pa?. Ibid. and thy works ffiall not profit thee.] The LXX have kxi tx kxkx o-a, and are confirmed by the Arabic ; but the Hebrew feems to be right, and is confirmed by Syr. and Vulg. and by the Chaldee paraphrafe pf this and the next verfe. Biffiop Lowth's tranflation is, and thy deeds ftall not avail thee; but it is ob-ylous, that thy works here mean thy idols, the works * of thy hz.nd-s ; as In xli. 29. theit works mean their idols. St. Paul in Heb. vi. i. and ix. 14. by dead works feems to mean idols. In the laft bf thefe places dead Works are oppofed to the limbing Ged, as in Afts xiv. 15. and i Theff. i* 9. vanities and idols are oppofed to the living God; and in the firft place the Apoftle mentions rcpentance from dead works and faith in God, as in Afts xxvi. 20. he infonns King Agrlppa, that upon his converfion to Chriftianlty he exhorted his Jewiffi and Gentile hearers to repent and, to turn to God j that Is> to repent • The idol Gods are defcribed as, and texprefsly tailed, the works of the hands of men in many places. See Deut, iv. r 28. 2 Chron. Xxxii. 19. Pf. cxv. 4. cxxxv. 15. If, ii. -8. xvii. 8. xxxvii. 19, Jer. i. 16. x. 3, 9. 15. Hof, xiii. z, Mic. v. 13. Afts Vli. 41. See alfo the defcription of idols in lit xl. jg — 20, xliv. 9—20, xlvi, 5 — 7, Habak. ii. 18, 19. A'fts Scvii. 29- On ISAIAH, 349 repent of their idolatrous praftices, and to beUeve and obey the true God, See Afts xvii. 30. Foi* kVi many MSS and editions have n"? ; and fo Syr. and Vulg. This' reading Is followed by rhe Biffiop, See Kennicott and De Roffi. 13. —^can they deliver thee in thy diftrefs? ] The verb being in the future tenfe may be fo ren dered ; and by thus rendering it,, the rebuke be comes more pointedly fevere. See xlix. 15. The word rendered by the Bifliop thine affociates Is cer tainly corrupted, and ought to be corr'efted from the LXX £1/ T?) ^Xi-\iBt (Tis. This 'verfion is confirmed ty the Arabic,, and alfo by the context and pa rallel paffages. See xlvi. 7. Jer. ii. 27. 28. Judges X. 14. Ibid. -and the tempeft ] lxx ««» atroKTBi x«T«tyif ; and fo Syr. and Arab. In xl, 24. and xli. 16. the lxx have the fame word Kxlxih; ; but the word in the Hebrew is different. 14. and he ffiall fay, ] Heb, nraxi; which Symmachus renders kxi tpBi, and Chald, agrees with him. The lxx, having the words Immediately preceeding in the plural number, have here Kxt ipsfl-t, and with them agree Syr, and Arab, Biffiop Lowth follows the Vulgate, and renders. Then will I fay ; but I think that the third perfon is right, and that *oy at the end of the verfe ought to be mn> ay. See xlvUi. ai. lxii. 10. and the notes thereon. 15. The lxx and Arab, have nothing anfwering to % fer, which feems to be an interpolation. Bi-- ihop Lowth hath followed former tranflaters in ren dering the words ly iD'i', inhabiting eternity; but I doubt the propriety of this language*, -which oc curs • In Pf. xxi). 3. in the Englifh Bible Gp^ is faid to inhabit tie praifes of Ifrael-, but this^ tranflation is Certainly wrong. The 3SO NOTES curs in no other place. God exifteth from eter nity to eternity, and he only hath immortality j but he no more inhabiteth eternity, than a m.an in- habiteth time. " iEternus eft et infinitus, omnipotens et omnifclens, id eft, durat ab asterno in seternum, et adeft ab infinito in infinitum, omnia regit et , omnia cognofcit quse fiunt aut fciri poffiint. Non eft aeterni- tas vel infinitas, fed sternus et infinitus j non eft duratio vel fpatium, fed durat et adeft. Durat fem per et adeft ubique, et exiftendo femper et ubique durationem et fpatium, £eternitatem et infinitatem conftituit." Ne-wton. Princip. Schol. Gen. The LXX, according to the Complute Edition and Eu febius on the place, for ^y red ly^, EIS tok «iw*«, and this reading is confirmed by the Syriac and Ara bic; and for. p\t} nmi) the lxx, Chaid. and Arab'. feem to have red piw cu'D'iy, o tv v^Xon KxtoiKuv. , 17. —my face from him: — —'] The words i3Qa >ZB feem to be loft from the Hebrew.. They are fuppfied by the lxx, Chaid. Arab, and Vulgate, except that the Vulgate hath from thee inftead of from him. *? ' Ibid. and he was grieved, ] This fenfe the LXX give ; and it feems to be right. For iSfpHi they red "^xp'i, x«i {XuTrtifl?). Ibid. — and he departed, lamenting on account of his ways.] If we compare this tranflation, which the LXX authorize, with Biffiop Lowth's, and hf departed, turning back in the way of his own heart, we cannot but be.'thankful for the affiftance which they LxX have Xu h 11 ayia x«T«i«if, 0 eirauoi; tb I<^pa^)^, and they arfi confirmed by Arab. ..^thiop. Vulg, and other authorities, and alfb ty SEVEN Hebrew MSS. See Kennicott and De Roili. The verfe ought to be tranflated to this effeft ; " But thous dwelleft in the holy place, and art the praife of Ifrael." See Cpmmentaries and EfTays. i. 365. ,and Kennicott's Remarks. p.' 182. I ' On I S a I a H. 351 they fo often afford. The prefent word ^^yJJ ought to beiDiD anfwering to rurvo? of the lxx. Many examples of the change of D and iw, of 3 and d, and ofa and t might be produced. See Cappel. C. S. p. 244. 245. 346. 365. and Kennicott's State of Heb. Text. i. 190, 191. In Mark x. 22. -we find fimUar ex preffions, O St fv^vxtrx^ €in tw XoUt xtrmX^i Au-nrf!/*»os. The LXX, and Arab, had lo-nn, and not n'?. 18. and thofe who grieve for him,] This feems to be the true meaning ofthe Hebrew, which is confirmed by Chald, Syr, and Vulg. The lxx and Arab, give a different fenfe. CHAP. LVIIL 3 and all your furrendered debtors ye cruelly opprefs,] Biffiop Lowth's tranflation is, and all your demands of labour ye rigoroufly exa5l ; but Dr. Blayney, in an exceUent note on Lament. iii. 34, hath ffiewn it to be highly probable, " That the CDOXy are thofe who are called in the Roman jurifprudence Nexi, that is, perfons delivered up for infoivency to ferve their creditors under confine ment till they had made full fatisfaftlon by their la bour for the debt." Ibid, —to fmite with the ffit the poor,] See Amos ii. 7. and 3 Hallett 18. The lxx are con firmed by Arab. g, in a circle ; ] The conjefture of Mr. Mann m his critical notes p. 75, 76. that 3 ought to be n is confirmed by three, if not four MSS ; and Mr. Harmer hath ffiewn that In the Eaft they ufuaUy draw themfelves into circles on mournful occafions. Vol. Ui. 393. iv. sSr 5^- Ibid. 352 NOTES Ibid. and proftrate himfelf on fackclotli and affies ?] Biffiop LOwth's tranflation is, and , Jpread fackcloth and afhes for his couch ? on which Mr. Harmer juftly remarks, that it is not one of the happieft parts of his exquifite and moft beautifol tranflation of Ifaiah. " It muft be much more na tural, as he obferves, to underftand the folemnity of proftration on fackcloth before God, which follows the mention of hanging down the head,ufed in kneel ing, or in ftanding as fuppliants before him, rather than in fleeping in fackcloth the night before or the jiight after the day of fafting." See 3 Harmer 34a —345- 8, . ¦ - ffiall encompafs thee,] lxx, mt^iftXu et. The Old Latin In Cyprian p. 238. Baluz. circum- dabit te. See UI. i a. 12. And thy ancient ruins ffiall be built;——] The LXX and Arab, give this fenfe ; and they are eonfirmed in underftanding the verb paffiyeiy by Chald. and Vulg. It is probable that fof uai we ought to read 1^2:1, as in Ezek. xxxvi. 33. For noD Vulg. hath in te, and the Complute lxx a-oi. The Biffiop renders it they that fpring from thee; but neither the verfions nor the context favour this fenfe, and it is Impoffible for thjs word alone to have this fignification. See xUx. 17. and the Biffiop's fecond note thereon. Ibid, ; — thou ffialt reftore : ] Heb. Chald. Syr. Vulg. Atj. and Sym. ha^e the fecond perfon. . 13. vain words,] It is fafer to fup ply ah epithet on the aythorlty of lxx, Chald, and Arab. thaQ tp have recourfe to tlie forced conftryc-. tions recommended by Dr. Jubb. See Mr. Har- m^er's iUuftration of this verfe in vol. ni. 346. — 350. 14. on the highths — ¦ j The ' lxx have here nr* tx «r»6», and in the paraUcl place Deut. On ISAIAH. 353 Deut. xxxii. 13. ETTi tr,v i&x^v : but ih AiTf^os iv. 13 and Mic. i. 3. they have csn tx vi]^nXx or uv}/>i. See Biffiop Newcome on Amos, ' CHAP. LIX. It appears from the Commentary of Eufebius, that he confidered the' beginning of this chapter as riie words of God; and I incUne to think that the whole chapter ought to be fo confidered. Bi ffiop Lowth rather thinks that it Is delivered in the perfon of the Prophet. 9. • — from them; - — — ] The Jews, according to Biffiop Lowth, are introduced at this verfe as making an ample confeffion of their fins, ar.d deploring their wretched ftate In confequence of them; but, according to the lxx and Arabic, the defcription of them in the third perfon is continued to the middle ofthe eleventh verfe, where they feem to be introduced with more eafe and with greater propriety. The Hebrew hath here from us, and Chald. Syr. and Vulg. agree In this readying; and they all proceed In the ufe of the firft perfon. to. ' yea, as thofe who have no eyes, they grope.] It feems to me that the alteration pro pofed by Houbigant, and adopted by the Biffiop, is inadmiffibk, it being deftitute of all proper fupport. Ibid. in plentiful places, they are as dead men.] The Engliffi Bible hath, in defolate places, as dead men ; and Dr. Blayney in his notes on Jer, xiU. 16. approves of deriving a:Di:'x from czi-iVX, to make defolate; but if this derivation be right whence comes the letter:? Dr. Taylor in his Concordance under R. ioiy No. 61, with much greater probabi Uty, derives the woisd from this root; and Biffiop Z Lowth 354 NOTES Lowth appears by his tranflation, in the midft of de licacies, to have approved of this derivation, which is confirmed by one of De Roffi's MSS, in which the word was at firft without the letter x. The Bi ffiop hath not improved the Engliffi Bible by tranf lating the laft word as among the dead. The true meaning feems to be they are in plentiful places, or in the midft of delicacies, as dead men, i. e. incapable of enjoying the bleffings which furround them. See Taylor. 20. And the redeemer ffiall come from Sion ; and ffiall turn away iniquity from Jacob.] So St. Paul in Rom. xi. 26. cites this verfe ; and fo, I doubt not, it originally ftood in the verfion of the LXX. Moft of the remaining copies of their verfion have tvBKBv or evehos I.mv, but the Complute. edition hath xTto 2iwi/, and although Eufebius on the place agrees in the common reading, yet in his Com mentary on the Pfalms p. 49, he hath EK "Livv. See ii. 3. Mic. Iv. 2. Luke xxiv. 47. The end ofthe verfe is much corrupted in the Hebrew ; and it is rightly correfted by Biffiop Lowth. I wonder that he faw not equal neceffity for correfting the firft part, which by a lefs alteration is rendered confor mable to the Apoftle 's citation. 21. when I ffiaU take away their fins;- ] Thefe words feem to be loft from the Heb. and LXX. They are in Rom. xi, 27. joined with the former part of this verfe, and ftand there as part of the citation. By thee afterwards the children. of Ifrael are intended, as in xUx. 7, 8. CHAP. LX. r. O Jerufalem.; j I make this addi tion on the authority of LXX, Chaid. Arab, and Vulg. On isaiah. 355 Vulg. It is manifeft from many parts of the chap ter, that the addrefs Is to Jerufalem perfonified. See ver. lo. ii. 13 — 15. The Engliffi Bibles of 1574 and 1599 ^^^"^^ the, fame addition. See iii. I, 2. 4 on the ffioulder.J The Hebrew hath at the fide, and Biffiop Lowth prefers this reading ; but as the LXX have here and In xlix. 22. and lxvi. 12. tv ai^-m, and this reading is fupported by one or two Hebrew MSS here and by the MSS in general in xlix. 22, and as we are affured that it is a common praftice in Eaftern countries to carry children on the ffioulder, I have chofen to follo-\y the lxx. See 2 Harmer 366 — 368. 6. Droves ] lxx AytXxi. The tranflation of the Vulgate, inundatio, which the Biffiop fol lows. Is improper, and unfupported by the other verfions. ~ 7. of prayer ffiaU be glorified.] So lxx and Arabic. They red 'n'7Dn inftead of 'rnKsn -, and for "iNi3K they muft have had nNDrr. See x. 15. xliv. 23. lvi. 7. 8.- to their dovecots.] The Chald. Syr, and Vulg. favour this fenfe, which appears to me to be right. See Harmer i. 222 — 225. In. 96. 13. See Peirce on Heb. xii. 26. 16. and the riches of kings thou ffialt eat.] The LXX and Arab, concur in this fenfe, which feems to be greatly preferable to the prefent text. See lxi. 6. 21. for ever they fliall poffefs the land:'—] See Afts vii. 4, 5. Heb. xi. 8—16. Mede p. 801, 802. Peters on Job, p. 388 &c. Ibid. that it may be glorified.] This is the meaning here and in lxi. 3. according to Bi ffiop Pearce on i Cor. ii. 7. Z 2 22, — wiil 356 NOTES 2 2. will gather them together ;] lxx (rmx^it «iiT8j ; and fo Arab. The word in the Hebrew is -Jtyns, which is rendered will haften it ; but the fenfe given by lxx and Arab, is more fultable, and It is probable that the true reading is aoiax, which, if we tranfpofe one letter, is not very different from the reading of three MSS n3ii'nN, d and '3i^Nty agreeably to the lxx and St. Paul, and -wiith Coc ceius and Vitringa mentioned by the Biffiop render 'n-^m: / have anfwered, which tranflation is equiva lent to the verfion of the lxx followed by St. Paul ifc^oEnif tUvoii.Bv. The meaning is, that God had made difcoveries to thofe who had not made appli cation to him. 2. to a rebellious people,—] The lxx have two words nearly fynonymous xirnMx and av-. 1iiXbUv%, and St. Paul in Rom. x. 21. hath taken them both. 3. ¦ facrificing in gardens, and — — ] *' Thefe, fa'ith the Biffiop, are inftances of heathenlffi fuperftition, and idolatrous praftices, to which the Jews were immoderately addifted before the Baby loniffi On ISAIAH. 365 loniffi captivity." In the note on IL 8. I have endea voured to prove, that the Jews, in the time of our Saviour and afterwards, were guilty of the like prac tices ; and I think that we have here a prophetic defcription of their charafter between the accom- pUffiment of the prophecy in the firft verfe by the preaching of the Gofpel to the Gentiles, and die deftruftion of Jerufalem by the Romans. 4. Sleeping in fepulchres and in caverns, that tkey might dream ; ] The lxx have koi^wvIxi &' evuTTM* ; and they are confirmed by Arab. F.or CD>-2\:!>n they red C3'3Da>n, and for irV, which ag^cs not in conftruftlon with the other parts of the paf- fage, they red C3'?n'? ad fomniandum. It was a prac tice in ancient times to fleep in fepulchres and oa tombs, in order to obtain dreams. See Selden De Diis Syris. Col. 290. Vandaie de Orac. p, 236, 237. Farmer on Idolatry, p. 97. n. y. Biffiop LowtJi hath not adopted the reading ofthe lxx and Arabic; faut he explains the paffage in the fenfe expreffed hf them. Who dwell in fepulchres and lodge in caverns — " for the purpofe, adds he, of necromancy and divination ; to obtain dreams and revelations." Ibid. ¦ — and the broth ] The Bifhop omits to obferve that feveral MSS and fome edi tions have pioi agreeably to the Keri. See Ken nicott and Spencer De Leg. Heb. i. 338. 5. Thel'e have kindled a fmoke in my noftrils, a fire burning ali the day.] The meaning here is doubtful. One MS had at firft 1::;^ for \m., and the eafieft correftion feems to be by reading both words \in-j} liyy J but it muft be admitted, that the alteration is not favoured by the lxx, whofe verfion, as we have it, fupplies no good fenfe. They and the other verfions underftand' 'Df<3 as fignifying anger, not noftrils. See Peirce's Differt. on Rom. xv. 7 — 9- 6,7. It Z66 NOTES 6, y. It Is remarkable, that the language here ufed Is very fimilar to the language ufed by our Sa viour in Matt. xxUi. 35, 36. and Luke xi. 50, 51. in relation to the calamities to be inflifted oii the Jews by the Romans. See Pearce on Matthew. 8, of Jehovah ; — ] Added in lxx, (Alex.) and Arab. 9. I wIU bring forth the defcendent of Jacob and cf Judah; and he ffiall poffefs - ¦] This fenfe is given by the lxx and Arabic, kxi b^x^u to b^ laKwS 'C. Dicite, fratres- noftri ESTis, eis qui &c, Eufebius in his Commen tary manifeftly fo underftood the words, which he confiders as an evangelical precept equivalent to Matt, V. 44. Love your enemies. The Biffiop's tranflation cannot be right; becaufe the perfons a;d- dreffcd are therein direfted to fay fomething to their brethren, and nothing is added which it would be proper for them to fay. See the firft note on xlix. f. Ibid, the name of Jehovah — ] '»!£' ffiould be nin' nty agreeably to lxx and Arab, to evop.* Kupi8, and mn' Is repeated afterwards by mif take. Ibid, — — and your joy fliall be feen, and they ffiall be confounded.] In this fenfe Eufebius un derftood the Prophet, and this is the exaft fenfe of the original, if we ofnit the prepofition 3. , It is probable that In the lxx for kxi oipO*i tv tn we ought to read kxi otp^nirilxi,. The explanation of Eufebius re quires this reading ; but the common reading is now found in the text of his Commentary. In Lev. xIU, 7, 19. 1 Sam. i. 22. Jer. xiii. 26. the fame word nNnJi is' rendered by the lxx xai of^a-ilxi. We have a fimUar oppofition in lxv. 13. Behold, my fervants ftall rejoice, but ye ftall be confounded &e. The lxx and Arab, now have their joy ; but the Heb. Chald. Syr. Vulg. and Sym. hawe your joy, Eufebius, after giving the fixth verfe agreeably to 'the Vat. Lxx, goes pn ; " Nam fi hasc agantur^ ise- titia veftra, accedente prsemiorum tempore, omni bus manifefta erit : UU vero finem veftrum confpi- cati confundentur, et fuam judicii divini tempore perniciem operibus edifcent, Vox clarrioris ex cir vitate, vox e templo. Voces quidem allse civium ^xclamantium ex civitate ; alias ex templo emlffas, facerdotum On isaiah. 375 feccrdotum castcroiumque miniftrorum lugentium futuras funt." 7, 8. Eufebius feems to have well explained thefe verfes. " Pia religio, et nova recenfque Sion, fciUcet, ecclefia Dei per vos conftituenda, tantam ponfertim gentium et populorum multitudlnem pa- riet, ut qui audierit obftupefcat. Atenim quemad modum fi mulier qusedam uterum geftans ac pr£eg- nans fine uUo dolore repente mafculum pariat ; fie et nova Sion populum novum et univerfam gentem femei et confertim parlet, ita ut ftupenda res tota fit, quails audita nunquam fuit." This remark of Eufebius may be applied to the illuftration of Mic. V. 3. cited by the Biffiop on If vU. 14 — 16, He will give them up, till fte who is to bear a child ftall bring forth : and it feems to me, on confidering this remark and other circumftances, that the feventh verfe and the laft fenterice of the eighth verfe of this chapter ought to be thus rendered. Before ft^e ftall be in labour, fte ftall bring forth; before her pangs ftall come, fhe ftall be delivered of a male. — For no fooner ftall Sion be in labour, than fte ftall bring forth her children. The words contain a pro phecy, not a hiftory. 9. See Taylor's Concord. R. lau' and R. nvy. 12. . and your children ffiall be carried on the ffioulder ; and on the knees they ffiall be dan dled.] The LXX have ¦ssxiStx xiilm, and are confirmed by the Arabic ; ahd 1 think that there can be littie doubt but that we ought to read with them their children, or, as I have given it, your children. The fame verfions have the verbs in the third perfon plural. In which they feem to be right. I follow them alio in reading on the ftoulder inftead ^ of at the fide. See notes on xlix. 22. lx. 4. It is highly probable, that for anp:'-! we ought to read aD'iVi, and your children, or, with lefs alteration, i=33'p:'i, A a 4 ani 376 NOTES and your fucklings; (lee ^f viu. 2, and De Roffi ;) for It Is unnatural that grown perfons ffiould be re prefented as fucking at the breaft, carried at the fide or on the ffioulder, and dandled on the knees. Be fides, as it had been faid in the preceeding- verfe, that they ffiould fuck, and be fatisfied, frOm thq breaft of her (Sion's, or Jerufafem's) confolations, jt feems improper Immediately to repeat the fame idea of fucking. 15. ' as a fire ; ] Not only the lxx, as the Biffiop faith, had ti'to ; but one old edition hath fo, as had tv/o MSS now extant at firft. See De Roffi, This verfe and the next contain a prophecy of the deftruftion of Jerufalem by the Romans. See Theol. Repof. i. 396 — 400. iv. 355 — 360, Peirce's Differt, on Rom XV. 7 — 9. p. 16—19. ' Ibid, •'^— to render his vengeance ] Here the Biffiop makes an alteration without the leaft ne- ceflity, and not only- againft the Maforetic points, but alfo againft the Chaldee and all the verfions. ly, who in the porches •' — ] Heb. nnK "ins 1in2. Thefe words fignify after one in the midft,. Biffiop Lov/th gives for them thefe words after the rites of Achad in the midft -of, introducihg a heathen God, of -whom we fee not the leaft trace in the Chal dee or any of the verfions, and giving to the word nnx a fenfe, which of itfelf It cannot poffibly have, after the rites of. In this fituation we ought cer tainly to have recourfe to the lxx, who have afforded - us affiftance on many important occafions, 'and who will, I doubt not, extricate us from the prefent dif ficulty. Their verfion is y-x.i tv t«(; wpoBvpot; ; and they are confirmed by the Arabic and Vulgate, ' which laft hath poft jamiam^ and on this tranflation Grotius thus remarks ; " Sic vertit hic interpres quod in Heb. legimus tna inx, ut et Grsecus tv toi? ' ¦grpsfluppK, fenfu non malo," Pr, De Rqffi however hath On ISAIAH, 377 hath made fome objeftlons. . againft the Vulgate, which It wiU be right to ftate in his own words. *' Vulgatus, qui vertit poft januam. yVidetxir legiffe nnc inx. Sed in hoc loco variant latini Vuigatse codices, ac feptemdeclm a Luca Bn:igenfi produfti in Notationibus in Sacra Biblia p. 292 legunt poft unam, ut habet Hebraicus textus, quibus MS meus cod. Vulg. 650 addendus eft. Antlquiffimus Tole- tanus apud Blanchlnium Vindicise canonic, fcript. p. clx. legit vanam, proculdubio mendofe pro unam, net invitus affentior Lyrano ac Brugenfi, qui hanc effe veram Vulgatas leftionem cenfent, ab Imperitis librarils, quia obfcurior, in alteram poft januam im- mutatam. Quanquam communis Vulgatas kftionis yeftigia cernantUr in lxx, et Arabs legat et ipfe et ante januas et infepibus." This laft obfervation con cerning the LXX and Arabic defeats his whole argu ment : for why might not thie author of the Vulgate fee reafon to tranflate agreeably to the lxx and Arabic, rather than to give a tranflation,. which is abfolute nonfenfe ? As to the MSS of the Vulgate here mentioned by De Roffi, It ought to be re membered that the verfions have in many inftances been accommodated to the corrupted Hebrew. See Kennicott's State of Heb. Text. ii. 307—319. Obfervations on i Sam. vi. 19. p. 3y, 38. I add that thofe MSS are but a fmaU part of the MSS of the Vulgate now remaining, andthatlhave inmypof- , feffiontwo MSS, which have the common reading^o/? januam. The verfe feems to relate to fome Idolatrous praftices, which, it is probable, prevaUed among the Jews in and after the time of Chrift, and before the deftruftion of Jerufakm. Ezechiei In chap. viu. defcrlbes fome idolatrous rites praftifed by the more ancient Jews at the temple ; and in four piaces (ver. 3. 7. 14. 16.) he ufeth the word nns, tranflated in the Engliffi Bible and by Bifliop Newcome the door. 378 NOTES door, and by the lxx t« wpoOupa : it is probable there fore that the lxx found the fame word in this verfe of Ifaiah. As the Hebrew word is fingularj we ffiould perhaps tranflate it porch, not porches. 1 8. — — I know — — ] 1 he word tirtrx[/.xi un doubtedly belongs to the verfion of the lxx, being found alfo in Eufebius. D. E. 305. D ; and in the fame place he hath KAI tpyafs.xi. We have there fore fufficient authority for correfting the Hebrew in both refpefts. . One of De Roffi's MSS had at firft N3n, which ought to be k3i. The next verfe feems to ffiew, that the affembly of all nations and tongues here mentioned was to be convened before the deftruftion of Jerufalem by the Romans. 1 9. . a fign ] MS Alex, hath (r»)paas, figns ; but it is fingular in this reading. Ibid. and of thofe who efcape I wiil fend to the nations ; ] Thefe words relate to the Chriftians who were wonderfuUy preferved at the time pf the deftruftion of Jerufalem by Titus ; fome of whom -\vere afterwards ehnpioyed in propagating Chrifti-. anity in various nations of the wOrid. It appears by Matt. xxiv. 31. and Mark xiii. 27. that our Sa viour defigned immediately after the deftruftion of Jerufalem to fend his angels, or, rather, his mef fengers, into ali parts of the world to gather together his eleft, i. e. Chriftians in general. See my note on Iv. 3. > Ibid. Meffiech ] I think with the Biffiop, that n'lyp is an Interpolation, and that ni^D, as the name of a country, is the true reading. The au thority of the LXX, confirmed by the Arabic and the context, otight to be decifive in a point of this nature. It may however be obferved, that the Lu- dim were expert in the ufe of the bow; but no good reafon can be affigned for mentioning, in this place, that part of their charafter, feveral other nation* On I S A I AH. 379 nations being here mentioned without being parti cularly charafterized. Ibid. my name ¦ — ] This reading is far ther confirmed by Arab, and the Old Latin In Cy prian, p. 282. Edit. Baluz. 20. your brethren ] The Hebrew hath all your brethren ; but the word all is omitted by LXX and Arab, and two Hebrew MSS. See Ken nicott and De Roffi. Ibid. . rand in counes; ] The Bifliop feems to be right in thinking that counes are in tended by the word O'nv ; but he hath omitted to refer his readers to a curious account of the Eaftern manner of traveUing cited by Mr. Harmer (i. 122—124.) from Sir John Chardin's MSS. Ibid. -; ito my holy city Jerufalem,——] Heb. in, mountain'; but the lxx and' Arabie had a better reading I'y, city. Mr. Hallett (iii. 6.) hath obferved the fame miftake In 2 Kings xxxiii. 16. Ibid. brought to me the oblation with fongs ¦ — ] The lxx have e/aoi y.ttx iJiaXju.wi/ : and they are confirmed by Arab, and one MS which hath the word >b. As to the words ^inio 'b-2'2., which the Biffiop renders in pure veffels, 1 have no .''oubt but that we ought to read for them Tt:? '^d3. Thefe words occur In i Chron. xv. 16. xvi. 5. 2 Chron. V. 13. vii. 6. xxiii. 13. xxxiv. 12. Nehem. xU. 36; and In all thefe places they are rendered in the lxx IV o^fxvoi? uSm or by fimilar words. The exaft mean ing of them in all thefe places, and in Ifaiah,^ feems to be with inftruments of fong, or of mufick. How much more fatisfaftoriiy are the difficulties attending this paffage removed by this change of ninD to Tit', on the authority of the Greek and Arabic verfions and of parallel paflages, than by the method taken by Mr. Harmer ? This learned and ingenious man, ,who hath happily explained a multitude of paffages, feems 38o NOTES feems to have failed in this inftance. " The carry ing of Ifrael, faith he, to the iand of their forefa thers, as oblations were wont to be carried to the Temple in a clean (in an unpolluted) veffel, feems to intimate, that they ffiould meet -with no enemies to oppofe their paffage thither, and occafion the ffiedding of blood. 1 hat feems to be the principal thought; though, very probably, the ideas of mag nificence and joy might , be united with that of peace." See Vol. iv. 368 — 374. 23. in Jerufalem, ] I infert thefe words on the authority ofthe lxx, Arabic and Old Latin in TertuUian p. 187. A. We have a fimilar, omiffion in lx. 1 . and in Pf. lxv. 2 ; as to the firft of which places fee my note, and as to the other fee Dr. Kennicott's Diff. Gen. Seft. 89. I have not the leaft doubt but thatthe word cabtyiTa is loft here from the text of ifaiah, although Dr. Owen on the LXX, p. 32. and Dr. Kennicott in his Diff, Gen. Seft. 84, '3- have peremptorily decided otherwife. " There is, faith Dr. Owen, another interpolatioa at the end of this book Ifai. lxvi. 23. which the Jews introduced into the Greek verfion to fijpport their notion of the perpetuity of the law, ¦ and the neceffity of the nations being profelyted to it. The Septuagint at prefent reads thus ; Hgsi irx^sx 57 xxxii. 5 319: . 320 XV, 30 196 —7— 13 353 xvi. 9 196 xxxiii. I — s 3++ xviii. 25 298 : S 311' xix. 19 XX. 17 269 ,272 Joftiua, xxxiii. 16 379 xxiv, 17 369 -D K T Chrnn- 386 INDEX. I Chronicles. XV, 1 6 xvi. s xvii. 1 6 2 Chronicles. ,83, lxviii, z ,„_ Ixxiv,^ 373 lxxviii. I, 3 296 lxxxiv.xc. 2, 3 xci. 1 6 c- 3 3^9' cxiii. 5 379 cxiv. I "° cxv. 18 '93 cxxxvii. 379 cxlix. 2 Ezra. 1. 2—. —4 Proverbs. Nehemiah. Jeremiiahi 235 19 -—- .35 xhv. 23 , xlvi. 28 362 360 360zSj 335 269162 246 27a 17+»7r 169 232 383 257ii6 -383 2+4 172 261277 357220 244, 253 33+ 216244 360 154 312261 211 . 283 233 Z04. 244 ^lyiii. INDEX. 387 xlviii. ,29. 3s .. 233 1. 19 312 vi. 2 -- 37 170 X. 10 -; 39 223 xii. 1 ll. 12. 49 373 xiii. 4 — 30 170 — — 5- ... 44 15+ Lamentations • ii. 23 1. 1. 2. IO 103 — 28— ii, 5 248 Ezekiel. ii. 7 — 12 iii. 5, 6 . 24.6 V; 13. i5« iv. 10 ,vii, 26 223 — '3 viii. 3. 7. 14, 16 377 vii. 4 xi, 7 293 9 XIV. 5 146 — 10 7 203 ix. 12 - — 15 261 xvi. 6. 22 231 42 '^' + xxiii, 39 161 xxiv, 13 JJi xxvi, 35 , 321 i. 17, xxviii, 19 321 iii. 8 xxix. 3 3'4 xxxii, 2 31+ xxxiii. 30 xxxiv, 25 - xxxv, 6 xxxvii. I — 14 '73 261 25+ 33+312 iv, I V. 3 iK^rxix. 16, 17 263 Daniel. j. 15 i. 21 vii. I 2.Z7 226 ii. II iii. 13 viii- I 2 7.6 3x. I ^26 X. I 227, 276 i- 7 — 9 XI. I xii. 2 250 226 383 H- 7 — 8 — 15 Hofea. s6[, Joel; Amos. Obadlah. Jonah, Micah. Nahum. Zephaniah. Eb 2 118233 312244312 177 176 351 253217 253 igi 233 253323 163 118198 353 253 15+ 375 317 312 170 264312 233 3*5 iii. 1 3 388 IN D E X. iii. 13 312 iv. IZ 185 X. 10, II 220 vii. 6, 7 250 ix, 44 382 Zechariah „ — 49 34-S ii. 1 2 244 X, IZ 345 vii. II, : 12 201. 306 ~ 22 351 —. 14 IX. 9 X. 10, i: 266 xiii. 13 17s ( 257220 -. — ^7 xiv, 65 313- 378 314 xi, 9 Malachi. 2ii3 XV, 15 — 19 Luke. 313 314 ii. 9 311 i. 72, 33 213 111.. I 104. 210 --. 48 328 Matthew. iii, 6 356- 280 ... iv. 18 357 111. 13 255 vii,. z7 104 iv, 16 205 viii, 10 1 8s viii, 17 .32+ xi, 52 201 X. 15 569 xiv, 49 260 — 29 298 xvi. Z3 271 xi. 10 104 xviii, 31— ¦33 313 — 16 33° xxi, 1 8, I 9 175 — zz . 369 xxii. 29 258 xii. 18, 1,9 386. 387 64 3^^ —- 41 > ' 42 3^9 xxiii. 18 169 xiii. 14 184 — z8. 29 ui 39- -JO 369 xxiv. 46 XV. 8, 9 250 Xvi. 3 276 John., , xix. 28 258 i, 23 279 xxi. 5 257 178 ii. zo 370 ~rr33 iv, 21 381, 382 x.xiii, 13 ZOI x._i7, 18 ' \ 338 xxiv. 2Z. 24- ' 175 xii, 15 ¦2J7 323 ¦ I' 378 38 xxvi. 67 xxvii. z6 3'3- 31+ 40, 41 182. 185 313 xiv, 2, 3 342, 3+3 30 ^^i xviii. 22 313 313, ,6z —66 118 xix, I, 3 Mark. 15 38 —40 - 169 118 i. 2 104 - 15 276 Afts. IN D E X. $8a Acts, - I Corinthians. M ii. 6 — 17—21 — 23 ~2+ 111. 13—15 iv. 25, 26 vii. 49, 50 i6g , 370 .83 176 3IZ316 1- 330 257 '• 371 i. 19 :.' 3° 19c 11. 9 9S — 16 xiv. 21 XV, 54 251 ), 201 362 283- 2+5 2+3 ... 52 vm. 13 32> 33 327- 169 383 -329 iv, 16 V. IO vi. 2 2 Corinthians. 284 IX. 31 229 303 xm. 18 317 30+ — 17 310 318 • z8 33° 257 33 Galatians. 34 3+° iv. 4 276 +7 307 — 1+ , 210 XV, 17 323 — 27 339 xvii, 31 303 xxii. 12 — 16 168 Ephefians. ~ — 21—23 xxvi, 18 201 199 iv. 23 284 ¦ 20 r,^3^ 3+8 389 Philippians. xxviu, 20, 27 184 ii. II 310 ^ Romans. Colofiians. iv. 17 ix, 20, 21 193 300 ii. 18 iii, 10 160 284 — 27, 28 — 29 215; > 216 '+7 I Theffalonlans. — 3J 346 ii, 14— .16 20X X, 13 176 — 16 323 2 Theffalonlans. zo, 21 xi, 8 — 26, 27 364 249 35+ ii, 8 -- 13 3l8 199 — 3+ , - xii, 2 283 384 I Timothy. xiv, lo, II 302, 3°3 vi. 16 267 XV, 12 2l8 — ar 322 Titus. I9« INDEX. 111. J 4 Titus. Kebrewsi iii. I ^- S VI. I ¦^ 6 -~" '7 IX. 14 xii. 2 — 5' 7> 8, n — 33 I Peter; I. ,«4' 25 ii. 6 H7 308 — 7—10 — 21 200 266 — 22 333 jii, 14, 14 igS *57 52, 203 2 Peter. / 1 210 257 3+8284 iii. 7-14 368 . Revelation. 212308 326262 iii. 9 V. 5 300 Z19 X, 6 — II xvii, 15 293 154 154 xix. 17. 18 ij xxii. 12 2%. 28* i~^ 16 219 YALE UNIVERSI-TY LIBRARY 3 9002 08837 4278 /¦S"