YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ¦s ' .1 i < , 'i The Publication Committee of the Caxton Club certifies that this copy of Joutel's Journal of La Salle's Last Voyage is one of an edition, consisting of two hundred and three copies on American hand made paper, and three copies on Japanese vellum, printed from type, and completed in the month of November, eighteen hundred and ninety-six f JouteP s Journal of La Sailers Last Foyage Joutel's Journal of La Salle's Last Voyage A reprint (page for page and line for line) of the first English trans lation, London, IJI4; with the Map of the original French edition Paris, IJIJ, in facsimile; and Notes by Melville B. Anderson Chicago The Caxton Club mdcccxcvi COPYRIGHT BY THE CAXTON CLUB, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND NINETY - SIX •7 3 ¦3>' JOURNAL Of the Last VOYAGE Perform' d by Monfr. de la Sale, TO THE Gulph of Mexico, To find out the Mouth of the Mifflfifti River; CONTAINING, An Account of the Settlements he endeavour'd to make on the Coaft of the aforefaid Bay, his unfortunate Death, and the Travels of his Companions for the Space of Eight Hundred Leagues acrofs that Inland Country of America. now call'd Louifiana, (and given by the King of France to M. Crozat,) till they came into Canada. Written in French by Monfieur J o u T E L, A Commander in that Expedition; And Tranf ated from the Edition juft publifh'd at Paris. With an exact Map of that vaft Country, and a Copy of the Letters Patents granted by the K. of France to M. Crozat. LONDON, Printed for A. Bell at the Crofs-Keys and Bible in Cornbill, B. Lintott at the Crofs Keys in Fleet- ftreet, and J. Baker in Pater-Nofter-Row, 17 14. THE French Bookseller TO THE READER- THE Manufcript of this fournal hapning to fall into my Hands, and having /hewn it to fome Perfons well vers'd in thefe Affairs, they were of Opinion it deferv' d to be printed; efpe cially at this Time, when travels are fo much in Requejl, and in regard this is now feafonable, on Account of the Defcription it gives of the famous River Miffilipi and of the Country 0/' Louifiana, where it is intended to make great Settlements. Be/ides, this Re lation is uncommon, curious and ingaging, both in Regard to the Honour and Advan- A 2 tage [ ii ] . tage of the Nation, for as much as it contains the Attempts and the bold and glorious Un dertakings of our French Adventurers, who not fatisfied, like others, with dif covering the Borders and Coafls of unknown Countries, pro ceed to penetrate into the Inland, through a thou fand Dangers and Hazards of their Lives. Is it not very com?nendable in them, to make us fully acquainted with that great remaining Part of the World, which for fo ?nany Ages continued unknown to our Forefathers, till about two hundred Years ago Chriftopher Co lumbus difcover'd it, and Americus Vefpu- fius going over foon after, gave it his Name, caufng it to be call' d America ? One ofthofe whom I defired to perufe this Manufcript, has a little polifh ' d it, purfuant to the Orders I receiv'd; and he having been a confiderable Traveller, was a proper P erf on to judge of and put it into a Drefs fit to appear in publick. The Letter he writ to me, being not only infiruBive, in Relation to the fournal, but of Ufe as a curious Supplement to it, I thought the in- ferting of it would be acceptable. It is as follows. SIR, [ a ] SIR I Return you your Manufcript ; the Reading of it has reviv'd the Satisfa ction I once took in my Travels; it has oblig'd me to read over again thofe of feveral Perfons, who have writ of Cana da, and carry'd me in Imagination through thofe vaft, barbarous and unknown Coun tries, with much more Eafe and lefs Dan ger than was done by the Hero of this Relation. He certainly deferves that ho nourable Title, and having read his Ad ventures, I could not forbear faying with the Poet //// robur & ces triplex Circa Pectus erat. For what an extraordinary Strength, what a Vigour of Body and Mind was re quisite for him to project, to undertake and to go thro' with fo unufual, fo bold and fo difficult an Enterprize. A Difco- very of above eight hundred Leagues of barbarous and unknown Countries, with out any beaten Roads, without Towns, and without any of thofe Conveniencies, which render Travelling more eafy in all B 3 other 1 lv other Parts. All the Land-Carriage is re- duc'd to walking afoot; being often with out any other Shoes but a Piece of a Bul lock's Hide wrapp'd about the Feet; car rying a Firelock, a Snapfack, Tools and fome Commodities to barter with the Na tives. It is true that accidentally and but very rarely a Horfe is found to help out a little. If they muft venture upon the Water, there are only fome wretched Canoes, made either of the Barks of Trees or of Bul locks Hides, and thofe they muft often carry or drag along the Land, when the Falls of the Rivers obftrucl making ufe of them. All the Bed is lying on the bare Ground, expofed to the Inclemencies of the Air, to be devour'd by Alligators and bit by Rattle Snakes; without Bread, Wine, Salt and all other Comforts of Life, and this for fome Years. The Diet alto gether confifts in a poor Pap or Hafty-Pud- ding made of the Meal of Indian Corn, Fifh half broil'd or ill boil'd, and fome Beef or wild Goats Flefh, dry'd in the Air and Smoke. Befides, what a Trouble is it to invent Signs to be underftood by fo many feveral Nations, each of which has it's peculiar Language ? All this an Ad venturer muft refolve with himfelf to go through, who defigns to make Difcoveries in Canada; and it would be hard to believe this [ v 1 this, did not all thofe who write of it ex actly agree in this Particular. However that Country is good and plealant, at leaft towards the South, which is what is here fpoken of. The Tempara- ture of the Climate is admirable, the Soil excellent for Tillage, and it is extraordina ry fertil in all Sorts of Grain and Fruit; which appears by thofe the Land produces of it felf in great Plenty. The Hills and Woods produce Timber for all Ufes and Fruit Trees, as well of cold as hot Coun tries. There are Vines which want but little Improvement; there are Sugar- Canes, large Meadows, and navigable Ri vers full of Fifh. It is true they are in- fefted with Alligators, but with a little Care they are to be avoided ; as may the Rattle-Snakes, which are extraordinary venomous, but never bite unlefs they are hurt. There are thoufands of wild Bul locks, larger than ours, their Flefh good, and inftead of Hair, they have a Sort of curl'd Wool extraordinary fine. There are Abundance of Deer, wild Goats and all Sorts of wild Fowl, and more efpecially of Turkeys. As there are Poifons and Ve noms, fo there are immediate and won derful Antidotes. We muft not look there for rich and irately Cities, or lofty Structures, or any of thofe Wonders of Architecture, or the Re- A 4 mains [ « ] mains and ancient Monuments of the Va nity of great Men ; but we may there ad mire Nature in its beautiful Simplicity, as it came from the Hands of its Creator; without having been alter' d or deleaved by Ambition or Art. But is fo vaft and fo beautiful a Coun try only for Beafts, Birds and Fifhes! O inconceiveable Wonder! There is an in finite Number of People, divided into Na tions, living in Cottages made of the Barks of Trees, or cover' d with Reeds or Hides, when they are not abroad at War, or Hunt ing, or Fifhing, almoft naked, without any other Bed but a Bullock's Hide, or any Houfhold-Stuff but a Pot or Kettle, an Axe and fome Platters made of Bark. They take their Suftenance, as it comes in their Way, and like the Beafts; they have no Care, do not value Wealth, fing, dance, fmoke, eat, fleep, hunt, fifh ; are indepen- dant, make War, and when an Opportu nity offers, take Revenge of any Injury in the moft cruel Manner they are able. Such is the Life of thofe Savages. Tho' there be fome in the Southern Parts, not quite fo ftupid and brutal as thofe in the North, yet they are both Savages, who think of Nothing but what is prefent, love No thing but what is obvious to the Senfes, incapable of comprehending any Thing that is Spiritual; fharp and ingenious in what [ vii j what is for their own Advantage, without any Senfe of Honour or Humanity; horri bly cruel, perfectly united among them- felves to their Nation and their Allies ; but revengeful and mercilefs towards their E- nemies. To conclude, their Shape, tho' hideous, fhews they are Men; but their Genius and Manners render them like the worft of Beafts. A modern Author, who has liv'd in Canada, and in other Refpedts has writ well enough, has perhas fancy'd, he might diftinguifh himfelf, and be thought more LaHon- underftanding than other Men in difcove- ^dDtf- ring the Genius of thofe People, by affign- courfe ine more Ingenuity and Penetration to Wlt " Sa~ the Savages, than is generally allow'd wherein he them. He fometimes makes them to argue renders too ftrongly and too fubtilely againft the ridiculous. Myfteries of Chriftian Religion, and his Relation has given juft Occafion to fufpect, that he is himfelf the Libertine and Talk ing Savage, to whom he has given the artful Malignity of his Notions and Ar guments. As for the Genius of the Savages, I am of Opinion, we ought to believe the Mif- fioners; for they are not lefs capable than other Men to difcover the Truth, and they have at leaft as much Probity to make it known. It is likely, that they, who have for an hundred Years paft, wholly apply' d them- [ viii j themfelves, according to the Duty of their Function/to ftudy thofe poor Images of Men, fhould not be acquainted with them? Or would not their Confcience have check'd them, had they told a Lye in that Particular? Now all the Miffion- ers agree, that allowing there are fome Barbarians lefs wicked and brutal than the reft; yet there are none good, nor thoroughly capable of fuch Things as are above the Reach of our Senfes; and that whatfoever they are, there is no relying The Na- on them ; there is always caufe to, fufpecc tives or Canada them, and in fhort, before a Savage can be brutal. made a Chriftian, it is requifite to make him a Man; and we look upon thofe Sa vages as Men, who have neither King nor Law, and what is moft deplorable, no God; for if we rightly examine their Sentiments and their Actions, it does not appear that they have any Sort of Religi on, or well form'd Notion of a Deity. If fome of them, upon certain Occafions, do fometimes own a Firft or Sovereign Being, or do pay fome Veneration to the Sun. As to the firft Article, they deliver themfelves in fuch a confufe Manner, and with fo many Contradictions and Extravagancies, that it plainly appears, they neither know nor believe anything of it ; and as for the fecond, it is only a bare Cuftom, without any ferious Reflection on their Part. A 7ix I A miferable Nation, more void of the Light of Heaven, and even that of Nature, than fo many other Nations in the Eafi Indies, who, tho' brutal and ftupid as to the Knowledge of the Deity, yet are not without fome Sort of Worfhip, and have their Hermits and Fakirs who endeavour by the Practice of horrid Penances, to gain the Favour of that Godhead, and thereby lhew they have fome real Notion of it. Nothing of that Sort is to be found among our American Savages, and in Conclufion, it may be faid of them in General, that they are a People without a God. Our French, who are born in Canada all of them well fhap'd, and Men of Senfe and Worth, cannot endure to have their Savages thus run down. They affirm they are like other Men, and only want Edu cation and being improv'd; but befides that we may believe they fay fo to fave the Honour of their Country, we advance nothing here but what is grounded on the Report of many able and worthy Perfons, who have writ of it, after being well in- form'd on the Spot. We are therefore apt to believe, that there is a Diftinction to be made at prefent between two Sorts of Sa vages in Canada, viz. thofe who have been converfant among the Europeans for fixty or eighty Years paft, and the others who are daily difcover'd; and it is of the latter that Strong Wo men. [ x 1 . , that we fpeak here more particularly, and to whom we affign all thofe odious and wretched Qualities of the Savages of North America; for it is well known, that the firft Sort of them, as for Inftance, the Hu rons, the Algonquins, the Iroquois, the IJli- nois and perhaps fome others are now pret ty well civiliz'd, fo that their Reafon be gins to clear up, and they may become ca pable of Inftruction. Amazing and incomprehenfible, but at the fame Time adorable Difpofition of Di vine Providence ! We fee here a vaft Tract of the Earth, of an immenfe Extent, of a wonderful Soil for Tillage and Fertility in all Sorts of Fruit and Grain ; of an admi rable Temperature as to the Air, which appears by the very numerous Inhabitants being fcarce fubject to any Difeafes, and in that the Sex,which among us is weak,is there Strong and Vigorous, bringing forth their Children with little or no Pain, and fuck- ling them amidft Labour and Fatigues, without any of thofe Miferies they are li able to in our Countries. Yet that vaft and beautiful Country, defcrib'd in this Journal, fo much favour' d with Worldly Bleffings, has been for fo many Ages de- ftitute of the Heavenly. The infinite Numbers of People inhabi ting it are Men, and have fcarce any thing but the Shape; they are God's Creatures, and [ ** ] and do not fo much as know, much lefs ferve him. Thofe who have the Courage and Boldnefs to travell through the Coun tries of fuch Savages, and thofe who read the Relations of fuch Travellers, ought to take Care how they make any rafh Re flections upon this Point, or pry too deep ly into it; for they may chance to lofe themfelves in their Thoughts. The Shor test and the fafeft Courfe is, in fuch Cafes, to adore the inconceivable Profoundnefs of the Creator's Wifdom; to give a Check to all our Enquiries and Curiofities, with the Apoftle's Exclamation, O the Depth of the Riches both of the Wifdom and Knowledge of God! How unfearchable are his Judgments and his Ways pafi finding out! And never ceafing to return Thanks to his Goodnefs, for having fo abundantly fupply'd us with his Light and Grace, to conjure him to impart the fame to thofe poor diftrefs'd A- mericans,and that he who is Almighty, will of thofeStones makeChildren of Abraham. This all Chriftians are oblig'd inceftantly to pray for, becaufe as Brutifh and Stupid as thofe Savages are, they are ftill our Brethren, fince like us defcended from Adam and Noah. How much are we then oblig'd to those bold Travellers, who undertake new Dif- coveries, who to the Hazard of their Lives, at their own Expence, and with fuch ex traordinary Xll traordinary Toils, go to find out for us, not only numerous Objects of our Curiofity and Admiration, which were before un known to us, but who alfo difcover to us a numerous Kindred, which is not ever the lefs fuch, for having been fo long un known to us. What if it be brutal and indocible, it will be the more Meritorious to Labour at Civilizing of and making it capable of receiving the Lights of Reafon and of Faith. We can never fufficiently ex- prefs our Gratitude to thofe who apply themfelves to the making of new Difco- veries; the more Difficulties that attend them, the more we are beholding to thofe who undertake them. Suppofing that Avarice, Ambition, a reftless Temper, or a defperate Fortune, are very often the Occafions of fuch Undertakings ; yet God, who can draw Good out of Evil, makes all thofe Paffions fubfervient to his Glory, and the Salvation of his Elect, and if long Travels do not commonly make Saints of the Travellers, it is their own Fault. However, they at leaft prepare the Way to the Sanctification of fo many Barbari ans, beating a Road for the Miffioners, who go to inftruct thofe People. Thus all the World is beholden to them ; the Sa vages for the Knowledge of God that is procur'd them; and we for finding by their Means an infinite Number of People before [ ™ J before unknown, who will join with us in Serving and Glorifying the Creator of the Univerfe. Granting that the laid Travellers are not fometimes exact, or agree among themfelves in their Relations, their De- fcriptions and their Maps ; this muft be an unavoidable Fault in Difcoverers ; but even that is advantageous to the Publick, for as much as their Succeftbrs are excited to examine thofe Points more ftrictly, to correct, explain and afcertain thofe Mi- ftakes. In acknowledgment therefore of the Ser vice done us by thofe Illuftrious Adventu rers and to make them fome Sort of Amends for their Sufferings, let us tranf- mit their Names to Pofterity in our Writ ings; let us applaud their Actions when we read them, and let us commend their Relations. This here, moll certainly de fences to be read and commended, for it is Curious, Extraordinary and Tragical. It is alfo, as has been laid before, ingaging, at this Conjuncture, when there is a Defign of making Settlements in thofe Countries, it mentions, the Confequence whereof may be moll Honourable and Advantage ous to the Nation. The Travel thro' that Country is one of the greateft and moll full of Difficulties that has been perform'd; the Relation of it being made by an Eye Witnefs [ xiv J Witnefs, and in a natural, plain and par ticular Manner, deferves to be credited; but being only a Journal, it is not capable of admitting of Ornaments or Embellifh- ments. The Reader will be pleas'd to excufe the Repetition of the fame Words in it, on Account of the Impoffibility of doing otherwife, and will think it enough that the Barrennefs of the Narration is made Amends for by the Curiofity of the Sub jects. I am of Opinion the fmall Notes I have added will not be difpleafing, becaufe they explain fome Particulars, which are not very intelligible to fuch as are not us'd to read many Travels. After having faid the Good and the Bad of this North America, mentioning the Beauty and Excellency of its Climate and the Brutality of its People, and recited the infinite Hardfhips, thofe who defign to tra vel muft refolve to undergo, I am of 0- pinion it will be proper to fay fomething of the late Monfieur de la Sale, who is the principal Perfon, and as it were, the Hero of this Relation, tho' having been murder ed by his own Men, he fell the unfortu nate Victim of the Difcovery here treated of. It is alfo convenient to make known what went before that, which is contain'd in this Journal, and the prefent happy Confequence of that fatal Enterprize. Here [ *v J Here follows what I have of my own particular Knowledge, and by what has been written. Robert Cave Her, commonly call'd Account of Monfieur de la Sale, a Native of Roan, Monfieur of a good Family, having been educated in Piety and Learning, went over very young into Canada and took Delight in Trade, but more in Projects of new Dif- coveries up the Inland of thofe vaft Coun tries. Intending to fettle there and make that his Country, he purchafed an Ha bitation in the Ifland of Mont-real, where has been built the fecond Town of Cana da, lixty Leagues above §>uebeck, which is the Capital, being alfo a Bifhoprick, and the Reiidence of the Governor, the Intendant and the fupreme Council. There are but only thofe two Towns in the Country, befides fome Villages. They are both feated on the great River of St. Laurence, which coming from the S. W. is form'd or increafed by the Waters of five prodigious frefh Water Lakes, run ning out one into another, and through them it paffes to run down to difcharge itfelf in the Ocean, at a very fpacious Mouth, making Way for the Ships that defign to penetrate into Canada. Many Difcoveries had been made to the Northward, before Monfieur de la a Sale's [ xvi J Sale's Time; becaufe there being Plenty of very good Furs, the Traders of !%ue- beck and Mont-real, by Means of the Ad venturers call'd Wood-Men, from their traveling thro' the Woods, had penetrated very far up the Country that Way; but none had advanc'd far towards the South or South- Weft, beyond Fort Frontenac, which is on the Lake Ontario, the neareft this Way of the five great Lakes. How ever, upon the Report of the Natives, it was fuppofed, that great and advanta geous Difcoveries might be made. There had been much Talk of the rich Mines of St. Barbara, in the Kingdom of Mexico, and fome were tempted to give them a Vifit. Something was known of the famous River Miffifipi, which it was fuppofed might fall into the South Sea, and open a Way to it. Thefe Conjectures work ing upon Monfieur de la Sale, who being zealous for the Honour of his Nation, de- His cha- ^gneci to fignalize the French Name, on racier. Account of extraordinary Difcoveries, beyond all that went before him; he form'd the Defign and refolv'd to put it in Execution. He was certainly very fit tor it, and fucceeded at the Expence of his Life; for no Man has done fo much in that Way as he did for the Space of twenty [ xvii | twenty Years he fpent in that Employ ment. He was a Man of a regular Be haviour, of a large Soul, well enough learned, and understanding in the Mathe- maticks, defigning, bold, undaunted, dexterous, infinuating, not to be difcou- rag'd at any Thing, ready at extricating himfelf out of any Difficulties, no Way apprehenlive of the greateft Fatigues, wonderful fteady in Adverfity, and what was of extraordinary Ufe, well enough verfed in feveral Savage Languages. M. de la Sale having fuch extraordinary Ta lents, whereof he had given Sufficient Proofs upon feveral Occafions, gain'd the Efteem of the Governors of Canada ; and Meffieurs de Courcelles, Talon and de Fron tenac fucceffively exprefs'd the fame, by often employing him in Affairs for the Honour and Advantage of the Colony. The Government of the Fort of Fronte- , , Is made nac, which is the Place fartheft ad vane' d Proprietor among the Savages, was committed to °f F°rt , . ° , . .b . „ . Fronte- him, and he going over into trance, in nac the Year 1675, the King made him Pro prietor of it, upon Condition he fhould put it into a better Condition than it was, which he did, as foon as return'd to Ca nada. Then came back again to Paris, full of the new Informations he had gain'd touching the River Miffijipi, the Country a 2 it xviii ] runs through, the Mines, efpecially thofe of Lead and Copper, the navigable Ri vers, and the Trade that might be car ried on of Furs and the fine Wooll of thofe wild Bullocks, whereof there are infinite Numbers in the Forefts. Being alfo furnifh'd with better Accounts of that Country, than the Fables that were then publith'd, by the Name of a Voy age of the Sieur Joliet, he was well re- ceiv'd at Court, and difpatch'd with the neceffary Orders for proceeding on his Difcoveries. His Repu- The great Reputation Monfieur de la union $a/e haci gain'd, and his mighty Projects, nemies. occafion'd a Jealoufy in fome and Envy in others. His own Countrymen thwar ted his Defigns; but he furmounted all thofe Obftacles and return' d into Canada, about the Year 1678, with the Chevalier Tonty, an Italian Gentleman, a Perfon of Worth and that had ferv'd, whom he gain'd to his Enterprize. He alfo pick'd up in the Country forty or fifty Perfons fit for that Expedition, and among them were three Recolets, whom he carry'd over to try what might be done as to Chriftianity among the Savages; he was well acquainted with, and had a juft Efteem for the Virtue, the Capacity and the Zeal of thofe good, religious Men, who .[ xix J who alone firft undertook the Miffion into that new World, and who being feconded by others, have carry'd it on there, with fo much Edification. Monfieur de la Sale having fpent two Years in going and coming, Still thwart ed by thofe who envy'd him in the Coun try, to fuch a Degree, that had it not been for an Antidote, he muft have dy'd of Poifon given him by fome Villains, could not order his Affairs and begin his Expedition till the Year 1682. He fet ont at length, and to the End his Difco- very of the Mijjifipi might be compleat, he caus'd Father Hennepin, a Recolet, with fome others, to travel to the North- Source of ward, that they might find out the ']j\ Mil1'" Source of that River, and they found it, about the 50th Degree of North Lati tude. For his own Part, he proceeded to the Weftward and found the River of the Ifiinois, which he call'd the River of Illinois Seignelay, and following its Courfe, Rwer- came into the Mijjifipi, where the other difcharges it felf. He then concluded he had no more to do, but to run down to its Mouth, whether in the South Sea or the Gulph of Mexico. All along its Banks he found many Savage Nations, with whom, by Means of his Prefents, he enter'd into Alliances, and gave the a 3 Country [ *x J Country the Name of Louifiana, to ho nour the Name and Memory of our Au- guft Monarch, in whofe Reign thofe Discoveries were made. At length, the Courfe of the Mijjifipi convey'd Monfieur de la Sale to its Mouths, as falling into the Gulph of Mexico in two Streams, and he arriv'd there in the Month of April 1682 or 1683, for the Dates of thofe who have writ concerning it, make ei ther of thofe Years. He ftay'd there fome Days, to take Obfervations and place fome Marks which he might know again, when he return'd. Being fatif- fied with having found fome Part of what he fought, he return'd the fame Way he had gone, and came again to ^uebeck in Canada, in order to go over to France, and thence to make a Tryal to find that Mouth of the Mijjifipi by the Gulf of Mexico, which he had alrea dy difcover' d by the Way of Canada, and to fecure it ; for he thought it much more advantageous to know it by the Way of the Sea, than to go thither by Land, becaufe the Voyage through Canada is much longer and more troublefome, and can be perform'd but once a Year, whereas by the Way of the Bay of Mex ico it is not longer, but is much more commodious, and may be perform'd in [ xxi ]_ in all Seafons, either going or coming. He was alfo fenfible that the faid Mouth being once difcover'd by Sea, afforded an eafier and fafer Communication with Canada, running up that noble River, the Navigation whereof is not inter rupted by Falls, nor Torrents for above fixty Leagues towards its Source. Thefe Confiderations mov'd Monfieur de la Sale to take another Voyage into France, where his Expedition having been commended and his new Project approv'd of, the King order'd him Vef- fels to return and carry on his Enter- prize, the Particulars whereof are to be found in this Journal. That Affair, fo well begun, feem'd to promife very advantageous Confequences ; but it mif- carried through the Perfidioufnefs and Villany of that noble Adventurer's own People. This is what I have iudg'd might The other ° ° Part here ferve as an Introduction to your Jour- mention\{ nai, if it Shall not be thought to diSho- « at the nour it, you may place it before the faid Jur°{Jf Journal, and that which follows at the End of it, which will Shew how far that great Enterprize of the Difcovery of the tifjifoi has been carried. a 4 THE THE PREFACE. Written by the Sieur de MITCH EL, Who Methodiz'd this Journal. NOtwithjianding the late Monjieur de la Sale'j Voyage had a mojl unfortu nate End, as to his own Perfon, yet that will not hinder Pojlerity, from ever allowing him the Title of a mojl renowned Traveller. The Hiflory of his Enterprise will be acceptable to future Ages, for laying before them, the extraordinary Genius, the invin cible Courage, and the undaunted Refoluti- on of fuch a Man, who could contrive and execute ^ v\ PREFACE. execute the Means for difcovering the re maining Part of the World. And in regard that the Particulars of the Difcovery of thofe large and immenfe Provinces, will always be the ObjeB of cu rious and underfianding Perjhns, it is not to be wonder d, that after what has been writ by Father Hennepin, a Recolet, the Chevalier Tonty and fome others, we here now publifi an Hijlorical Journal of the lajl Voyage Monjieur de la Sale undertook into the Gulf of Mexico, to the Country of Louifiana, to finifit what he had projected at his former Voyage, had not the Trea chery of his own Men cut him off. This Journal of Monjieur Joutel, where of Monfieur Tonty makes mention in the Book that has been printed of the lajl Difcoveries in America, Folio 319, has this peculiar, that it exactly contains what hapned to Monjieur de la Sale, Day by Day, in that fatal Voyage, fince his Departure from Rochelle to his death, and till the Return of his Brother Monjieur Cavelier the Priefi, Monfieur Cavelier his Nephew, the Reverend Father AnaftaSius, the Re colet, and the faid Sieur Joutel, who in Order to return to France, took that long Journey by Land, from the Gulf of Mexi co to Canada, being a Tract of above 800 Leagues. Many yy(\n PREFACE. Many Adventures of ali Sorts, mofi of which are Tragical, will pleafe the curious Reader; and above all he will admire the Protection of Divine Providence, in Con ducting and Preferring that J'mall Com pany throughout thofe vafi Regions, and a- mongfo many barbarous Nations. We do not here pretend to Criticife upon the Work of Father Hennepin, or that of Monfieur Tonty; but even their own Fa vourers cannot take it ill, that this Author does not fometimes fay as they do ; that he plainly delivers what he jaw, and that he expofes to publick View all the Truths he was an Eye Witnefs to, without magnifying or inventing. It is neverthele/s true, that they may be all excus'd as to fome Particulars ; Father Hennepin and Monfieur Tonty may have feen fome Things, that did not come to the Knowledge of Monfieur Joutel ; but there is a Fact of great Confequence in the Hifiory of Monfieur de la Sale, which mufi not be pafs'd over in Silence. It is, that Monfieur Tonty, in his Book ajprms, that Monjieur de la Sale at length found the Mouth of the Miffifipi, and Mon fieur Joutel ajjerts the contrary, and fays, that is Jo far from being true, that during his lafl Progrefs towards the Cenis, when the faid Sieur Joutel was with him, and had PREFACE. had never been parted, Monfieur de la Sale'j principal Care was to enquire of all the Na tions they pafs'd through, where the Miffifi- pi was, and could never hear any thing of it; that this is evidently made out, becaufe if Monfieur de la Sale had found the Mouth of that River, he would infallibly have taken another Way, and other Meafures, and all the Appearances are on this Side, as may be feen in this Relation. However, this mufi be faid in Behalf of Monfieur Tonty, that he deliver d it upon the Report of Monfieur Cavelier the Priefi, and Brother to Monfieur de la Sale ; which Monjieur Cavelier might have Reajbns to give out they had difcover d the Miffifipi, upon the fame Views as oblig'd him to con ceal his Brother's Death. Now in regard we fit all fee Monjieur de la Sale, for fome time ranging along the Coafis of North America, to find out the Mouth of that River, it will be proper to inform thofe who have not feen his jirjl Voyage, and (hew them how it hapned that his Search prov'd in vain, and he was oblig'd to land in another Place. After Monfieur de la Sale had difcover d that vafl Continent, which is a Part of North America, from Canada, by the Way of Montreal, going up the River of St. Laurence, then through the Country of the Iroquois, PREFACE. Iroquois, the Illinois and others, all which he call'd Louifiana, his Defign was to find a fhorter and a fafer Way, than that he had Travell'd by Land. For this Reafon it was, that having upon his firfi Difcovery found the great River, call'd by the Barbarians MiSfiSipi or Me- chafipi, according to Father Hennepin, and to which he gave the Name of Colbert, guejjing by its Courfe that it fell into the Bay of Mexico, he refolv'd with himfelf to find out the Mouth of it. In fiort, he ran down that River, with more Danger and Toil than can be imagin'd, found it parted into two Streams and follow 'd that which was mofi to the Northward, to the Place where it is lofi in the Sea. He took the Latitude that Mouth lay in, and found it was between 28 and 29 Degrees North, as Monfieur Joutel affrms he heard him fay He left Marks there, return' d the fame Way to Canada and thence into France, well pleafed with his Difcovery, which would have been very glorious, had he fucceeded in his fecond Voyage. But whether he did not take his MeaJ'um right, when he made his Obfervations ajhore, or whether that River difgorges it felf at a flat Coafl, and only leaves fome inconfide- rable Mark of its Channel for fuch as come by Sea; it is mqfl certain, that when he came **t& PREFACE. came into the Bay of Mexico, he Jbught for the fame Mouth in Vain, during the Space of three Weeks, and was oblig'd to go afhore to the S. W. of the Place, where it really was. Monjieur Tonty, in his Book, Fol. 192. tells us, that he was present when Monjieur de la Sale took the Latitude of the Mouth of the Miffifipi, at his firfi Voyage, and fays it was between twenty two and twenty three Degrees North; but that is a Mifiake, which mujl be ajjigned either to the Printer, or Tranfcriber, for in the Map the faid Mon fieur Tonty has added to his Book, he places the faid Mouth in about twenty fix De grees and a Half of North Latitude, and there is Reafon to believe he errs in that too. Monfieur Joutel and fome others are of Opinion, that the Mouth of that Branch Monfieur de la Sale went down, is in the Bay of the Holy Ghoft, and actually between the twenty eighth and twenty ninth Degrees of North Latitude, as Monfieur de la Sale found it. As for the other Channel, the fame Sieur Joutel believes it is farther to wards the S. W. and about the Shoals they met with about the 6th of January, 1685, between the twenty feventh and twenty eighth Degrees of North Latitude, when they were Jailing PREFACE. failing along the Coafi of the Bay of Mexi co, and that thofe Shoals were the Marks of a River dif charging it felf there, which they neglected to inquire into. If that be fo, Monjieur de la Sale was very near it, and even pafs'd along before both the Mouths, but unfortunately, without perceiving them, which was the main Cauje of his Death and the Ruin of his Enterprize. To conclude, it muft be granted, that as the Return of that fmall Number of Perfons, from a Country fo remote and through fo ma ny Dangers, is a vifible Effect of the Di vine Protection; fo it is alfo an Effect of Heavenly Jufiice to have preferv'd thofe Witnejfes, and to have brought them Home into Monfiuer de la Sale'j Country, to re trieve his Reputation, which had been fully d by his Enemies. Monfieur de la Sale would have been ta ken for a Dreamer, and even for an Im- pofior; his Enterprize had been condemn d, and his Memory blafied; but God would not permit the Honour of a Man of fuch Jingu- lar Merit to fujfer; it pleas'd him to preferve and bring Home unquefiionable Witnejfes, who, by Word of Mouth and other undoubted Proofs of the notable Difcoveries made by Monfieur de la Sale, have fiopfd the ^ \* U PREFACE. the Mouths of his Enemies, and made out the Truth of what has been ajferted at the Beginning of this Dij courfe, viz. that Mon fieur de la Sale only wanted good Fortune to J'ecure him the Title of a great Man and a renowned Traveller. mw6 y^ Advertifement, to the Britifi Gentry. WHereas all Gentlemen ought to fit themfelves be times for thofe Employments which naturally fall to their Share, preferable to their Fellow Subjects ; and that they who defign in particular to ferve their Prince Abroad, are obliged to underftand the Interefts and Pre tentions of Foreign States, as well as the Laws and Con- ftitution of their own Country : It has been judg'd very ferviceable, by Perfons of great Experience, to have the moll celebrated Monfieur Wicquefort's AmbalTador tranflated into the Englifti Tongue, as being the only Book that perfectly exhaufts this Matter, little being written on the Subject by other Nations in Comparifon of the Italians, whofe Books are too defective and ab- llrafted for common Practice. Propofals will ihortly be publiflied, for printing the faid Book by Subfcription, by the Undertaker Bernard Lintott between the two Temple- Gates The Tragedy of Jane Shore, written in Shakefpear's Style, by Nicholas Row Efq; as it is acted at the Queen's Theatre in the Hay-Market, pr. I s. 6 d. The Rape of the Lock, an heroick comical Poem, in 5 Canto's, with 6 Copper Plates, by Mr. Pope. pr. i s. The Works of Monfieur de Moliere, tranflated, in 6 Vols. 1 2s. printed on fine Paper and new Elziver Let ter. The Clergy-man's Recreation, .hewing the Pleafure and Profit of the Art of Gard'ning. By John Lawrence. A. M. Reftor of Yelvertoft in Northamptonlhire, and fometime Fellow of Clare-Hall in Cambridge. Mifcellaneous Poems and Tran nations by feveral Hands, particularly, the firft Book of Statius his Thebais tranflated. The Fable of Vertumnus and Pomoua, from the 14th Book of Ovid's Metamorphofis. To a young Lady ; with the Works of Voiture. On Silence. To the Author of a Poem entituled Succeflio. The Rape of the Lock. An Ode for Mufick on St. Cecilia's Day. Windfor Foreft. To the Right honourable George Ld. Lanfdown. An Eflay on Criticifm. An Epigram upon Two or Three. All written by Mr. Pope. *•*¦£ v* ( I ) AN Historical Journal OF THE Late Monfieur de la Sale's LAST VOYAGE INTO North America, To Difcover the River MISSISIPI. AT the Time when Monfieur de la Sale jt ^ j^r_ was preparing for his laft Voyage into Joutel North America, I happen'd to be at thatfpeaks Roan, the Place where he and I were both born, '" thts being return'd from the Army, where I had Jourm * ferv'd fixteen or Seventeen Years. The Reputation gain'd by Monfieur de la Sale, the Greatnefs of his Undertaking, the Natural B Curiofity 2 Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage July 1684 Curiofity which all men are pofTefs'd with, ^S^sTO an(j my Acquaintance with his Kindred, and with feveral of the Inhabitants of that City, who were to bear him Company, eafily pre- vail'd with me to make one of the Number, and I was admitted as a Voluntier. Our Rendezvous was appointed at Rochel, where we were to imbark. Meffieurs Cavelier, the one Brother, the other Nephew to Mon fieur de la Sale, Meffieurs Chedeville, Planteroze, T'hibault, Ory, fome others and I, repair'd thi ther in July 1684. fr^TTo Monfieur de la Sale having provided all chel Things neceffary for his Voyage, furmounted all the Difficulties laid in his Way by feveral ill- minded Perfons, and receiv'd his Orders from Monfieur Arnoult, the Intendant at Rochel, pur- fuant to thofe he had receiv'd from the King, we fail'd on the 24th of July, 1684, being twenty four Veffels, four of them for our Voyage, and the others for the I Hands and Canada. Perfons The four Veffels appointed for Monfieur that went. dg k Saljs Enterprize, had on Board about two hundred and eighty perfons, including the Crews ; of which Number there were one hun dred Soldiers, with their Officers, one Talon, with his Canada Family, about thirty Volun- tiers, fome young Women, and the reft hired People and Workmen of all Sorts, requifite for making of a Settlement. Ships. The firft of the four Veffels was a Man of War, call'd le Joly, of about thirty fix or forty Guns, commanded by Monfieur de Beaujeu, on which Monfieur de la Sale, his Brother the Prieft, two Recolet Fryars, Meffieurs Dain- maville «<» NORTH AMERICA. 3 maville and Chedeville, Priefts, and I imbark'd. July 1684 The next was a little Frigate, carrying fix "^VNJ Guns, which the King had given to Monfieur de la Sale, commanded by two Mafters ; a Flyboat of about three hundred Tuns Burden, belonging to the Sieur Maffiot, Merchant at Rochel, commanded by the Sieur Aigron, and laden with all the Effe-fts Monfieur de la Sale had thought neceffary for his Settlement, and a fmall Ketch, on which Monfieur de la Sale had imbark'd thirty Tuns of Ammunition, and fome Commodities defign'd for Santo Domingo. All the Fleet, being under the Command of Monfieur de Beaujeu, was order'd to keep to gether as far as Cape Finifierre, whence each was to follow his own Courfe ; but this was prevent ed by an unexpected Accident. We were come into 45 Degrees 23 Minutes of North Latitude, and about 50 Leagues from Rochel, when the Boltfprit of our Ship, the Joly, on a fudden, broke fhort, which oblig'd us to ftrike all our Boltfprit other Sails, and cut all the Rigging the broken W*- Boltfprit hung by. Every man reflected on this Accident ac cording to his Inclination. Some were of Opi nion it was a Contrivance; and it was debated in Council, Whether we ftiould proceed to Por tugal, or return to Rochel, or Rochfort; but the Return to latter Refolution prevail'd. The other Ships Rochfort. defign'd for the I (lands and Canada, parted from us, and held on their Courfe. We made back for the River of Rochfort, whither the other three Veffels follow'd us, and a Boat was fent in, to acquaint the Intendant with this Acci dent. The Boat returned fome Hours after, towing along a Boltfprit, which was foon fet in B 2 its Aug. 1684 Cape Fi- nifterre. Madera. Difference betweenthe Comman ders. Monfieur de la S A l e'j* Second Voyage its Place, and after Monfieur de la Sale had confer'd with the Intendant, he left that Place on the firft of Augujl, 1684. We fail'd again, fleering W. and by S. and on the 8th of the fame Month weather'd Cape Finiflerre, which is in 43 Degrees of North La titude, without meeting any Thing remarkable. The 1 2th, we were in the Latitude of Lisbon, or about 39 Degrees North. The 16th, we were in 36 Degrees, the Latitude of the S freights, and the 20th, difcover'd the Ifland Madera, which is in 32 Degrees, and where Monfieur <-/J fore, being no Way advantageous to his Maje- fty's Service, laid the Foundation of thofe tra gical Events, which afterwards put an unhappy End to Monfieur de la Sale's Life and Under taking, and occafion'd our Ruin. However, it was refolv'd not to come to an p/ying Anchor at that Ifland, whereupon Monfieur de Fijb. Beaujeu faid, That fince it was fo, we fhould put in no where but at the Ifland of Santo Do mingo. We held on our Courfe, weather'd the Ifland of Madera, and began to fee thofe little flying Fifties, which to eicape the Dorados, or Gilt-Heads, that purfue them, leap out of the Water, take a little Flight of about a Piftol Shot, and then fall again into the Sea, but very often into Ships, as they are failing by. That Fifh is about as big as a Herring, and very good to eat. On the 24th, we came into the Trade Wind, which continually blows from Eaft to Weft, and ^fj. is therefore call'd by fome Authors Ventus fub- folanus, becaufe it follows the Motion of the Sun. The 28th, we were in 27 Degrees 44 Minutes of North Latitude, and in 344 of Longitude. The 30th, we had a Storm, which continu'd violent for two Days, but being right aftern of us, we only loft Sight of the Ketch, for want of good Steering, but ftie join'd us again a few Days after. The 6th of September, we were under the Tro pic oi Cancer, in 23 Degrees 30 Minutes of North Latitude and 319 of Longitude. There Monf. ^w. de la Sale's Obftrudting the Ceremony the Sailors call Ducking, gave them Occafion to mutter again, and render'd himfelf privately odious. So B 3 many 6 Monfieur de la S A l e'j Second Voyage Sept. 1684 many have given an Account of the Nature of ^^C\J that Folly, that it would be needlefs to repeat it here ; it may Suffice to fay, that there are three things to authorize it, 1. Cuftom. 2. The Oath adminifler'd to thofe who are duck'd, which is to this Effect, That they will not permit any to pafs the Tropics or the Line, without obliging them to the fame Ceremony. And 3, which is the mod prevailing Argument, the Intereft accruing to the Sailors upon that Occafion, by the Re freshments, Liquors or Money given them by the Paffengers to be excus'd from that Ceremony. Monfr. de la Sale, being inform'd that all Things were preparing for that Impertinent Ce remony of Ducking, and that a Tub full of Water was ready on the Deck {the French Duck in a great Cask of Water, the Englijh in the Sea, let ting down the Perfon at the Yard Arm) fent Word, that he would not allow fuch as were under his Command to be subject to that Folly, which being told to Monfr. de Beaujeu, he forbid putting of it in Execution, to the great DilTa- tisfaction of the inferior Officers and Sailors, who expected a considerable Sum of Money and Quantity of Refrefhments, or Liquors, becaufe there were many Perfons to Duck, and all the Blame was laid upon Monfr. de la Sale. On the nth of September, we were in the Hifpani- Latitude of the Ifland of Santo Domingo, or Hif- ola Ifland. paniola, being 20 Degrees North, and the Lon gitude of 320 Degrees. We fteer'd our Courfe Weft, but the Wind flatting, the enfuing Calm quite flopp'd our Way. That fame Day Monfr. Dainmaville, the Prieft, went aboard the Bark la Belle, to administer the Sacraments to a Gun ner, who died a few Days after. Monfr: de la Salt into NORTH AMERICA. 7 Sale went to fee him, and I bore him Company. Sept. 1684 The 2 1 ft, the Ketch, which we had before <->^VNJ loft Sight of, join'd us again ; and fome Com plaints being made to Monfr. de la Sale, by fe veral private Perfons that were aboard the Fly- boat, he order'd me to go thither to accomo date thofe Differences, which were occafion'd only by fome Jealoufies among them. The 1 6th, we fail'd by the Ifland Sombrero, Sombrero and the 18 th had hard blowing Weather, which Ifland. made us apprehenfive of a Hurracan. The foul Weather lafted two Days, during which Time, we kept under a main Courfe and loft Sight of the other Veffels. A Council was call'd aboard our Ship, the Joly, to confider whether we Should lie by for the others, or hold on our Courfe, and it was refolv'd, that, confidering our Water began to fall fhort, and there were above five Perfons fick aboard, of which Number Monfr. de la Sale and the Surgeon were, we fliould make all the Sail we could, to reach the firft Port of the I- fland Hifpaniola, being that call'd Port de Paix, or Port Peace, which Refolution was according ly regifter'd. The 20th, we difcover'd the firft Land of Hifpaniola, being Cape Samana, lying in 19 De- Cape Sa- grees of North Latitude, and of Longitude 308. mana. The 25th we fhould have put into Port de Paix, as had been concerted, and it was not only the molt convenient Place for us to get Refresh ments, but alSo the Refidence of Monfr. de Cuf- fy, Governor of the Ifland Tortuga, who knew that Monfr. de la Sale carried particular Or ders for him to furnifh fuch Neceffaries as he flood in Need of. B 4 Not- 8 Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage Sept. 1684 Notwithstanding thefe cogent Reafons, Mr. {S~V**J rfe Beaujeu was pofitive to pafs further on in the Tortuga Night, weathering the Ifland Tortuga, which is ¦*"" ' fome Leagues distant from Port de Paix and the Coaft of Hifpaniola. He alfo pafs'd Cape St. Nicolas, and the 26th of the faid Month, we put into the Bay of Jaguana, coafting the Ifland Guanabo, which is in the Middle of that great Bay or Gulph, and in Conclufion, on the 27th we arriv'd at Petit Gouave, having fpent 58 Days in our Paffage from the Port of Chef de Bois, near Rochel. This Change of the Place for our little Squa dron to put into, for which no Reafon could be given, prov'd very disadvantageous; and it will hereafter appear, as I have before obferv'd, that thofe mifunderftanding among the Officers infenfibly drew on the Caufes from whence our Misfortune proceeded. As foon as we had dropt Anchor, a Piragua, or great Sort of Canoe, came out from the Place, with Twenty Men, to know who we were, and hail'd us. Being inform'd that we were French, they acquainted us, that Monfieur de Cujfy was at Port de Paix with the Marquis de St. Laurent, Lieutenant General of the American I Hands, and Monfieur Begon the Intendant, which very much troubled Monfieur de la Sale, as having Affairs of the utmoft ConSequence to concert with them ; but there was no Remedy, and he was oblig'd to bear it with Patience. The next Day, being the 28th. we fang Te Deum, in Thankfgiving for our profperous Paffage. Monfieur de la Sale being fomewhat recover'd of his Indifpofition, went Afhore with feveral of the Gentlemen of his Retinue, to buy fome Into NORTH AMERICA. 9 fome Refreshments for the Sick, and to find Oa. 1684. Means to fend Notice of his Arrival, to Mef- ("^VNJ fieurs de St. Laurent, de Cuffy and Begon, and fignify to them, how much he was concern'd that we had not put into Port de Paix. He writ particu larly to Monfieur de Cuffy, to defire he would come to him, if poflible, that he might be af- fifting to him, and take the neceffary Meafures for rendring his Enterprize fuccefsful, that it might prove to the King's Honour and Service. In the mean Time, the Sick Suffering very much Aboard the Ships, by Reafon of the Heat, and their being too clofe together, the Sol diers were put Afhore, on a little Ifland, near Petit Gouaves, which is the ufual Burial-Place of the People of the pretended Reformed Reli gion, where they had frefh Provisions, and Bread baked on Purpofe, distributed to them. As for the Sick, I was order'd by Monfieur de la Sale, to provide a Houfe for them, whither they were carry'd, with the Surgeons, and fup- ply'd with all that was requifite for them. Some Days after, Monfieur de la Sale fell dan- geroufly ill, molt of his Family were alfo fick. A violent Fever, attended with Lightheaded ness, brought him almoft to Extremity. The Poflure of his Affairs, Want of Money, and the Weight of a mighty Enterprize, without know ing whom to trutt with the Execution of it, made him Still more Sick in Mind, than he was in his Body, and yet his Patience and Refolution furmounted all thofe Difficulties. He pitch'd upon Monfieur le Gros and me to act for him, caus'd fome Commodities he had Aboard the Ships to be fold, to raife Money ; and through our io Nov. 1684 Ketch ta ken by the Spaniards. Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage our Care, and the excellent Conftitution of his Body, he recover'd Health. Whilft he was in that Condition, two of our Ships, which had been Separated from us on the 1 8 th oi September, by the Stormy Winds, arriv'd at Petit Gouave on the 2d of October. The Joy conceiv'd on Account of their Arrival, was much allay' d by the News they brought of the Lofs of the Ketch, taken by two Spanijb Piraguas; and that Lofs was the more grievous, becaufe that Veffel was laden with Provisions, Ammu nition, Utenfils and proper Tools for the fetling of our new Colonies ; a Misfortune which would not have happen'd, had Monfieur de Beaujeu put into Port de Paix, and Meffieurs de St. Laurent, de Cuffy, and Begon who arrived at the fame Time, to fee Monfieur de la Sale did not Spare to fignify as much to him, and to complain of that Mifcarriage. Monfieur de la Sale being recover'd, had Se veral Conferences with thefe Gentlemen, rela ting to his Voyage. A Confult of Pilots was called to refolve where we Should touch before we came upon the Coaft of America, and it was refolved to fleer directly for the Western Point of the Ifland of Cuba, or for Cape St. An tony, diftant about 300 Leagues from Hif paniola, there to expect the proper Seafon, and a fair Wind to enter the Gulph or Bay, which is but Two hundred Leagues over. The next Care was to lay in Store of other- Provifions, in the Room of thofe which were loft, and Monfieur de la Sale was the more pref- fing for us to imbark, because molt of his Men deferted, or were debauch'd by the Inhabitants of the Place ; and the Veffel call'd /' Aimable, being into NORTH AMERICA. n being the worft Sailer of our little Squadron, Dec. 1684 it was refolv'd that fliould carry the Light, and **^VNJ the others to follow it. Monfieur de la Sale, Mon fieur Cavelier his Brother, the Fathers Zenobrius and Anajiafius, both Recolets, Monfieur Chede ville and I imbark'd on the faid Aimable and all fail'd the 25th of November. We met with fome Calms, and fome violent Winds, which neverthelefs carry'd us in Sight of the Ifland of Cuba, on the 30th of the fame Month, and it then bore from us N. W. There we alter'd our Courfe and fteer'd W. and by N. The 31ft, the Weather being Somewhat clofe, we loft Sight of that Ifland, then flood W. N. W. and the Sky clearing up, made an Obfervation at Noon, and found we were in 19 Degrees, 45 Minutes of North Latitude ; by which we judg'd that the Currents had carry'd us off to Sea from the Ifland of Cuba. On the firft of December we difcover'd the Ifland Cayman. The 2d we fteer'd N. W. and by Cayman W. in order to come up with the Ifland of Cuba Ifland. in the Northern Latitude of 20 Degrees 32 Mi nutes. The 3d we difcover'd the little Ifland of ijiand oj Pines, lying clofe to Cuba. The 4th, we wea- Pines. ther'd a Point of that Ifland, and the Wind growing Scant, were forc'd to ply upon a Bowl ing, and make feveral Trips till the 5 th at Night, when we anchor'd in a Creek, in 15 Fathom Water, and continued there till the 8 th. During that fhort Stay, Monfieur de la Sale went AShore with Several Gentlemen of his Re tinue on the Ifland oi Pines, fhot an Alligator dead, and returning Aboard, perceiv'd he had loft two of his Voluntiers, who had wander'd into 1 2 Monfieur de la Sale'j Second Voyage Dec. 1684 into the Woods, and perhaps loft their Way. ^^VXJ We fired feveral Mufquet Shots to call them, which they did not hear, and I was order'd to expect them afliore, with 30 Mufquetiers to attend me. They return'd the next Morning with much Trouble. In the mean Time, our Soldiers, who had AW good Stomachs, boil'd and eat the Alligator, eaten. Monfieur de la Sale had kill'd. The Flefh of it was white and had a Tafte of Musk, for which Rea- fon I could not eat it. One of our Hunters kill'd a wild Swine, which the Inhabitants of thofe Iflands call Mar on. There are of them WldS i *n t^e Iflanc*- °f Santo Domingo, or Hifpaniola, they are of the Breed of thofe the Spaniards left in the Iflands when they firft diScover'd them, and run wild in the Woods. I Sent it to Mon fieur de la Sale, who prefented the one Half to Monfieur de Beaujeu. Ifland of That Ifland is all over very thick wooded, the Trees being of feveral Sorts, and fome of them bear a Fruit refembling the Acorn, but harder. There are Abundance of Parrots, lar ger than thofe at Petit Gouave, a great Number of Turtle Doves and other Birds, and a Sort of Creatures refembling a Rat, but as big as a Cat, their Hair reddifh. Our Men kill'd many of them and fed heartily on them, as they did on a good Quantity of Fifli, wherewith that Coaft abounds. We imbark'd again, as foon as the two Men who had Slray'd were return'd, and on the 8th; being the Feafl of the Conception of the Blefled Virgin, fail'd in the Morning, after having heard Mafs, and the Wind Shifting were forc'd to fleer feveral Courfes. The 9th we difcover'd Cape Into NORTH AMERICA. 13 Cape Corrientes, oi the Ifland oi Cuba; where we Dec. 1684 were firft becalm'd; and then follow'd a Stormy *-^VV) Wind, which carried us away five Leagues to The CaPes the Eaftward. The 10th we Spent the Night, ^°s"™~St making feveral Trips. The nth, the Wind Antony. coming about, we weather'd Cape Corrientes, to make that of St. Antony; and at length, after plying a confiderable Time, and founding, we came to an Anchor the 12th, upon good Ground, in fifteen Fathom Water, in the Creek form'd by that Cape, which is in 22 Degrees of North , Latitude and 288 Degrees 35 Minutes of Lon gitude. We ftay'd there only till next Day, being the 13th, when the Wind feem'd to be favourable to enter upon the Bay of Mexico. We made ready and fail'd, fleering N. W. and by N. and N. N. W. to weather the faid Cape and profe- cute our Voyage: But by that Time we were five Leagues from the Place of our Departure, we perceiv'd the Wind Shifted upon us, and not knowing which Way the Currents fate, we flood E. and by N. and held that Courfe till the 14th, when Monfieur de Beaujeu, who was aboard the Joly, join'd us again, and having confer'd with Monfieur de la Sale about the Wind's being contrary, propofed to him to re turn to Cape St. Antony, to which Monfieur de la Sale confented, to avoid giving him any Caufe to complain, tho' there was no great Occafion for fo doing, and accordingly we went and an- chor'd in the Place from whence we came. The next Day, being the 15th, Monfieur de la Sale fent Some Men afhore, to try whether we could fill Some Casks with Water. They brought Word, they had found fome in the Wood, 14 Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage Dec. 1684 Wood, which was not much amifs, but that "^Wi there was no Conveniency for rowling of the Casks; for which Reafon Rundlets were fent, and as much Water brought in them, as fill'd fix or feven of our Water Casks. The fame Men reported, that they had found a glafs Bottle, and in it a little Wine, or fome other Liquor, almoft dead. This was all the Provifion we found in that Place, by which it Miftake in appears, how much Monfieur Tonti was mifin- Monfieur form'd, fince in his Book, Pag. 242, he fays, Tonti's we founci jn that Ifland Several Tun of Spanijb thhFovaee Wine, good Brandy and Indian Wheat, which the Spaniards had left or abandon'd; and it is a meer Invention without any Thing of Truth. The 1 6th, the Weather being Still Calm, the Men went aftiore again for five or fix more Casks of Water. I was to have gone with them, had not an Indifpofition, which I firft felt in the Ifland of Pines, and afterwards turn'd to a tertian Ague, prevented me. Therefore I can give no Account of that Ifland, any further than what I could fee from the Ships, which was Abundance of that Sort of Palm-Trees, in French call'd Lataniers, fit for nothing but making of Brooms, or fcarce any other USe, That day we Saw Some Smoaks, far within the Ifland, and gueSs'd they might be a Signal of the Number of our Ships, or elfe made by Some of the Country Hunters, who had loft their Way. The next Night preceding the 17th, the Wind freftining from the N. W. and ftarting up all on a fudden, drove the Veffel call'd la Belle upon her Anchor, fo that fhe came foul of the Boltfprit of the Aimable, carrying away the Sprit- into NORTH AMERICA. 15 Spritfail-Yard and the Spritfail-Top-Sail-Yard, Dec. 1684 and had not they immediately veer'd out the *^VNJ Cable of the Aimable, the Veffel la Belle would have been in danger of perifhing, but efcap'd with the Lofs of her Mizen, which came by the Board, and of about a hundred Fathoms of Cable and an Anchor. The 1 8 th, the Wind being frefh, we made ready, and Sail'd about Ten in the Morning, (landing North and N. and by W. and held our CourSe till Noon; the Point of Cape ^.Anthony bearing Eafl and Wefl with us, and fo continu'd fleering North-Weft, till the 19th at Noon, when we found our felves in the Latitude of 22 De grees 58 minutes North, and in 287 Degrees 54 Minutes Longitude. Finding the Wind Shifting from one Side to another, we directed our Courfe feveral Ways, but that which prov'd advantageous to us, was the fair Weather, and that was a great Help, fo that fcarce a Day pafs'd without taking an Obfervation. The 20th, we found the Variation of the Needle was 5 Degrees Weft, and we were in 26 Degrees 40 Minutes of North Latitude and 285 Degrees 16 Minutes Longitude. The 23 th it grew very cloudy, which threaten'd Stormy Weather, and we prepar'd to receive it, but came off only with the Apprehenfion, the Clouds diSperfing Several Ways, and we continu'd till the 27th in and about 28 Degrees 14 Minutes, and both by the Latitude and Eftimation it was judg'd, that we were not far from Land. The Bark call'd la Belle was Sent out to difcover and keep before, founding all the Way; and half an Hour before Sun-set, we Saw the Veffel 1 6 Monfieur de la Sale'; Second Voyage Dec. 1684 Veffel la Belle put out her Colours and lie by '¦¦•''VVJ for us. Being come up with her, the Mailer told us, he had found an Owzy Bottom at thirty two Fathom Water. At eight of the Clock we founded alfo, and found forty Fa thom, and at ten, but twenty five. About Midnight, la Belle founding again, found only feventeen, which being a Demonftration of the Nearness of the Land, we lay by for the Joly, to know what Monfieur de Beaujeu defign'd, who being come up, lay by with us. The 27th, Monfieur de Beaujeu fent the Che valier d' Aire, his Lieutenant, and two Pilots to Monfieur <•/.? la Sale, to conclude upon the Courfe we were to fleer, and it was agreed we fliould (land Weft North Weft till we came into fix Fathom Water ; that then we fhould run Weft, and when we had difcover'd the Land, Boats fhould be fent to view the Country. Matters being thus agreed on, we fail'd again, founding all the Way for the more Security, and about ten, were in ten or eleven Fathom Water, the Bottom fine greyifh Sand and owzy. At Noon, were in 26 Degrees 37 Minutes of North La titude. The 28 th, being in eight or nine Fathom Water, we perceiv'd the Bark la Belle, which kept a Head of us, put out her Colours, which was the Signal of her having difcover'd Some thing. A Sailor was fent up to the Main-Top, who defcry'd the Land, to the N. E. not above fix Leagues Diftance from us, which being told to Monfieur de Beaujeu, he thought fit to come to an Anchor. There being no Man among us who had any Knowledge of that Bay, where we had been told into NORTH AMERICA. told the Currents were ftrong, and fate fwiftly to the Eaftward, it made us fufpect that we were fallen off, and that the Land we faw muft be the Bay of Apalache, which oblig'd us on the 29th to fleer W. N. W. flill keeping along the Land, and it was agreed that the Joly fhould follow us in fix Fathom Water. The 30th, the Chevalier d' Aire and the Se cond Pilot of the Joly came aboard us to con fer and adjuft by our Recknings what Place we might be in, and they all agreed, according to Monfieur de la Sale's Opinion, that the Cur rents had Set us to the Eaftward, for which Rea- fon we held on our Courfe, as we had done the Day before to the N. W. keeping along the Shore till the firft of January 1685. when we perceiv'd that the Currents forc'd us towards the Land, which oblig'd us to come to an An chor in fix Fathom Water. We had not been there long, before the Bark la Belle made a Signal that She had difcover'd Land, which we deScry'd at about 4 Leagues Diftance from us. Notice was given to Mon fieur de Beaujeu, who drew near to us, and it was refolv'd to fend fome Perfon to difcover and take an Account of the Land that appear'd to us. Accordingly a Boat was man'd, and into it went Monfieur de la Sale, the Chevalier de Aire and feveral others ; another Boat was alfo put out, aboard which I went with Ten or Twelve of our Gentlemen, to join Monfieur de la Sale and the Bark la Belle was order'd to follow al ways keeping along the Shore ; to the End that if the Wind fhou'd riSe, we might get aboard her, to loSe no Time. C Some l7 Dec. 1684 Currents. 1 8 Monjieur de la Sale'j Second Voyage Jan. 1685 Some of thofe who were in Monfieur de lu *^*^J Sale's Boat, and the foremoft, went afhore and Firft Lan- faw a fpacious plain Country of much Pafture ding. Ground ; but had not the Leifure to make any particular Difcovery, because the Wind frefh- ning, they were oblig'd to return to their Boat, to come aboard again ; which was the Reafon why we did not go quite up to the Shore, but return'd with them to our Ship. All that could be taken Notice of was a great Quantity of Wood along the Coaft. We took an Ob servation and found 29 Degrees 10 Minutes of North Latitude. The Second, there arofe a Fog, which made us lofe Sight of the Joly. The next Day, the Weather clearing up, we fir'd fome Cannon- Shot and the Joly anfwer'd, and towards the Evening we perceiv'd her to the Windward of us. We held on our Courfe, making feveral Trips till the Fourth in the Evening, when be ing in Sight and within two Leagues of the Land, we came to an Anchor to expect the Joly, for which we were in Pain. Monfieur The Fifth, we Set Sail and held on our Courfe Joutel be- Wt ^ jjrm keeping along the Shore till about Six was one of in tne Evening, when we flood away to the the Mouths Southward and anchor'd at Night in fix Fathom of the Mif- Water. The Sixth, we would have made ready fifipi. See to Sail, but the Pilot perceiving, that the Sea the Pref. Drok;e aftern of us, and that there were fome and what _-,, . , , . follows. Shoals, it was thought proper to continue at Anchor, till the Wind chang'd, and we accor dingly Staid there the Sixth and all the Seventh. The Eighth the Wind veering about, we Stood out a little to Sea, to avoid thoSe Shoals, which are very dangerous, and anchor'd again a League from into NORTH AMERICA. 19 from thence. Upon Advice, that the Bark la Jan. 1685 Belle had difcover'd a fmall Ifland, which ap- ^W> pear'd between the two Points of a Bay, Mon fieur de la Sale fent a Man up to the round Top, from whence both the one and the other were plainly to be feen, and according to the Sea Charts we had with us, that was fuppos'd to be the Bay of the Holy Ghoft. The Ninth, Monfieur de la Sale, fent to view thofe Shoals. Thofe who went reported there was a fort of Bank, which runs along the Coaft ; that they had been in one Fathom Water and difcover'd the little Ifland before-mention'd, and as for the Sand Bank there is no fuch thing mark'd down in the Charts. Monfieur de la Sale having examin'd the Recknings, was confirm'd in his Opinion, that we were in the Bay of Apalache, and caus'd us to continue the fame Courfe. The Tenth, he took an Observation and found 29 Degrees 23 Minutes North Latitude. The eleventh, we were becalm'd, and Monfieur de la Sale refolv'd to go afliore, to endeavour to diScover what he was looking for ; but as we were making ready, the Pilot began to mutter becaufe five or fix of us were going with Mon fieur de la Sale, who too lightly alter'd his De fign, to avoid giving Offence to brutifh People. In that Particular he committed an irretrieve- able Error ; for it is the Opinion of Judicious Men, who, as well as I, faw the reft of that Voyage, that the Mouth of one of the Branches of the Miffifipi River, and the fame whofe La titude Monfieur de la Sale had taken, when he travell'd to it from Canada, was not far from C 2 that 20 Monfieur de la Sale'j Second Voyage Jan. 1685 that Place, and that we muft of Neceffity be V-^VNJ near the Bay of the Holy Ghoft. Monfieur \t was Monfieur de la Sale's Defign to find that dmrtak]es Bay' and havInS found k' he had refolv'd f° -1 '" have fet afhore about thirty Men, who were to have follow'd the Coaft on the Right and Left, which would infallibly have difcover'd to him that fatal River, and have prevented many Misfortunes ; but Heaven refus'd him that Succefs, and even made him regardlefs of an Affair of fuch Consequence, fince he was fatis- fy'd with fending thither the Pilot, with one of the Matters of the Bark la Belle, who re turn'd without having feen any Thing, becaufe a fog happen'd to rife ; only the Mafter of the Bark Said he believ'd there was a River oppofite to thofe Shoals, which was very likely, and yet Monfieur de la Sale took no Notice of it, nor made any Account of that Report. The Twelfth, the Wind being come about we weigh'd and directed our Courfe S. W. to get further from the Land. By an Obferva- tion found 25 Degrees 50 Minutes North La titude, and the Wind fhifting, and the Cur rents, which fet from the Seaward driving us afhore, it was found convenient to anchor in four or five Fathom Water, where we fpent all the Night. The Thirteenth, we perceiv'd our Water began to fall Short, and therefore it was requi- fite to go afhore to fill fome Casks. Monfieur de la Sale propos'd it to me to go and fee it perform'd, which I accepted of, with fix of our Gentlemen who offer'd their Service. We went into the Boat, with our Arms, the Boat belonging to the Bark la Belle follow'd ours, with into NORTH AMERICA. 21 with five or fix Men, and we all made directly Jan. 1685 for the Land. <^VNJ We were very near the Shoar, when we dif cover'd a number of naked Men marching a- long the Banks, whom we fuppos'd to be na tive Savages. We drew within two Musket Shots of the Land, and the Shore being flat, the Wind Setting from the Offing, and the Sea running high, dropt our Anchors, for Fear of ftaving our Boats. When the Savages perceiv'd we had ftopp'd, they made Signs to us with Skins, to go to them, fhew'd us their Bows, which they laid Savages down upon the Ground, and drew near to the came to the Edge of the Shore; but becaufe we could not B°at- get Afhore, and flill they continued their Sig nals, I put my Handkerchief on the End of my Firelock, after the Manner of a Flag, and made Signs to them to come to us. They were fome Time confidering of it, and at lafl fome of them ran into the Water up to their Shoulders, till perceiving that the Waves over- whelm'd them, they went out again, fetch'd a large Piece of Timber, which they threw into the Sea, plac'd themfelves along both Sides of it, holding fall to it with one Arm, and fwim- ing with the other; and in that Manner they drew near to our Boat. Being in Hopes that Monfr. de la Sale, might get fome Information from thofe Savages, we made no Difficulty of taking them into our Boat, one after another, on each Side, to the Number of five, and then made Signs to the reft to go to the other Boat, which they did, and we car- carryed ry'd them on Board. Aboard. C 3 Mon- 22 Jan. 1685 ¦WNJ Return A- fhore with Gifts. Monfieur de la S a l e'j* Second Voyage Monfieur de la Sale was very well pleas'd to fee them, imagining they might give him fome Account of the River he fought after; but to no Purpofe, for he Spoke to them in Several of the Languages of the Savages, which he knew, and made many Signs to them, but flill they under stood not what he meant, or if they did com prehend any thing, they made Signs, that they knew nothing of what he ask'd; fo that having made them ftnoak and eat, we Shewed them our Arms and the Ship, and when they Saw at one End of it fome Sheep, Swine, Hens and Turkeys, and the Hide of a Cow we had kill'd, they made Signs that they had of all thofe Sorts of Creatures among them. We gave them fome Knives and Strings of Beads, after which, they were difmifs'd, and the Waves hindring us from coming too near the Shore, they were oblig'd to leap into the Water, after we had made faft about their Necks, or to the Tuft of Hair they have on the Top of the Head, the Knives and other fmall Prefents Monfieur de la Sale had given them. They went and join'd the others who expected them, and were making Signs to us to go to them; but not being able to make the Shore, we flood off again and return'd to our Ship. It is to be obServed, that when we were carrying them back, they made Some Signs to us, by which we conceiv'd they would Signify to us that there was a great River that Way we were pafs'd, and that it occafion'd the Shoals we had feen. The into NORTH AMERICA. The Wind changing, the fame Day, we weigh'd Anchor and ftood to the Southward, to get into the Offing, till the 14th in the Morn ing, when we were becalm'd. At Noon, we were in 28 Degrees 51 Minutes of North Lati tude. The Wind frefhned, and in the Evening we held on our Courfe, but only for a (hort Time, becaufe the Wind fetting us towards the Shore, we were obliged to anchor again, where upon Monfieur de la Sale again refolved to Send AShore, and the Same PerSons imbark'd in the Same Boats to that effect. We met with the Same Obftacles, that had hinder'd us the Day before, that is, the High- Sea, which would not permit us to come near the Shore, and were obliged to drop Anchor in fourteen Foot Water. The Sight of Abundance of Goats and Bullocks, differing in Shape, from ours, and running along the Coast, heighten'd our Earneftnefs to be Afhore. We therefore founded to fee whether we might get to Land by Stripping, and found we were on a Flat, which had four Foot Water, but that beyond it there was a deep Channel. Whilfl we were conSulting what to do, a Storm aroSe, which oblig'd Monfieur de la Sale to fire a Gun for us to return Aboard, which we did againft our Inclination. Monfieur de la Sale was pleas'd with the Re port we made him, and by it, feveral were en couraged to go Afhore to hunt, that we might have fome frefh Meat. We Spent all that Night, till the next Morning, in Hopes of returning Soon to that Place; but the Wind changing, forc'd us to weigh and fail till the Evening, when we drop'd Anchor in fix Fathom Water. C 4 The Jan. 1 68 c Goats and Bullocks. 24 Jan. 1685 Second landing. Monfieur de la S a l e'j* Second Voyage The Land which we never departed from very far, appear' d to us very pleafant, and having lain there till the 16th, that Morning we fail'd W. S. W. We weather'd a Point, keeping a large Offing, becaufe of the Sea's beating upon it, and flood to the Southward. At Noon, we were in 28 Degrees 20 Minutes of North Lati tude, and confequently found the Latitude de- clin'd, by which we were fenfible, that the Coaft tendred to the Southward. At Night we anchor'd in fix Fathom Water. The 17 th, the Wind continuing the fame, we held on our Courfe S. W. and having about Ten difcover'd a Sort of River, Monfieur de la Sale caus'd Ten of us to go into a Boat, to take a View of that Coaft, and fee whether there was not fome Place to land. He order'd me, in Cafe we found any convenient Place, to give him Notice either by Fire or Smoke. We fet out, and found the Shoals obftru-fted our Defcent. One of our Men went naked into the Water to found that Sand Bank, which lay between us and the Land ; and having fhewn us a Place where we might Pafs, we, with much Difficulty, forc'd our Boat into the Channel, and fix or feven of us landed, after ordering the Boat to go up into that which had appeared to us to be a River, to fee whether any frefh Wa ter could be found. As foon as we were landed, I made a Smoke to give Notice to Monfieur de la Sale, and then we advanc'd both Ways, without ftragling too far, that we might be ready to receive Monfr. de la Sale, who was to come, as he did, foon after, but finding the Surges run high, he re turn'd into NORTH AMERICA. 25 turn'd, and our Boat finding no frefh Water, Jan. 1685 came back and anchor'd to wait for us. '•VW) We walked about every Way, and found a dry Soil, tho' it feem'd to be overflow'd at fome Times ; great Lakes of fait Water, little Grafs, the Track of Goats, on the Sand, and faw Herds of them, but could not come near them, how ever we kill'd fome Ducks and Buftards. In the Evening, as we were returning, we mifs'd an Englifh Seaman, fir'd feveral Shot to give him Notice, fearched all about, waited till after Sunfet, and at laft hearing no Tidings of him, we went into the Boat to return Aboard. I gave Monfieur de la Sale an Account of what we had feen, which would have pleas'd him, had the River we difcover'd, afforded frefh Water: He was alfo uneafy for the loft Man; but about Midnight we Saw a Fire Afhore, in the Place we came from, which we fupos'd to be made by our Man, and the Boat went for him as foon as it was day on the 18th. After that, we made feveral Trips, Still (leering towards the S. W. and then enSued a Calm, which oblig'd us to come to an Anchor. Want of Water made us think of returning towards the River, where we had been the Day before. Monfr. de la Sale refolved to Set a confiderable Number of Men AShore, with fuf- ficient Ammunition, and to go with them him felf, to difcover and take Cognizance of that Country, and order'd me to follow him. Ac cordingly we fail'd back, and came to an An chor in the fame Place. All things neceffary for that End being or der'd on the 19th, Part of the Men were put into a Boat; but a very thick Fog rifing, and taking 26 Jan. 1685 Command ers at Va- Monfieur de la S ale'j* Second Voyage taking away the Sight of Land, the Compafs was made ufe of, and the fog difperfing as we drew near the Land, we perceiv'd a Ship mak ing directly towards us, and that it was the Joly, where Monfr. de Beaujeu commanded, which rejoic'd us, but our Satisfaction was not lafting, and it will appear by the Sequel, that it were to have been wifhed, that Monfieur de Beaujeu had not joyn'd us again, but that he had rather gone away for France, without ever fee ing of us. His Arrival difconcerted the Execution of our Enterprize. Monfr. de la Sale, who was already on his Way, and thofe who were gone before him, return'd Aboard, and fome Hours after, Monfr. de Beaujeu fent his Lieutenant, Monfr. de Aire, attended by feveral Perfons, as well Clergymen as others, among whom was the Sieur Cabaret, Second Pilot of the Joly. Monfieur d' Aire complain'd grievoufly to Monfieur de la Sale, in the Name of Monfr. de Beaujeu, for that faid he, we had left him defign- edly; which was not true, for as I have faid, the Joly lay at Anchor A-head of us, when we were feparated from her ; we fired a Gun to give her Notice of our Departure, as had been con certed, and Monfr. de Beaujeu anfwer'd it; be- fides that, if we had intended to feparate from him, we fhould not have always held our Courfe in Sight of Land, as we had done, and that had Monfieur de Beaujeu held the fame Courfe, as had been agreed, he had not been feparated from us. There were afterwards feveral Difputes be tween the Captains and the Pilots, as well Aboard Monfieur de la Sale, as Aboard Monfieur de into NORTH AMERICA. 27 de Beaujeu, when thofe Gentlemen return'd, a- Jan- *685 bout fettling exactly the Place we were in, and <-/*>J the Courfe we were to fleer; fome pofitively affirming we were farther than we imagin'd, and that the Currents had carry'd us away; and others, that we were near the Magdalen Ri ver. The former of thofe Notions prevail'd, They pap whence, upon Reflection, Monfieur de la Sale the Mout}. concluded, that he muft be paft his River, "f th.e Ml which was but too true; for that River empty- lip1' ing it Self in the Sea by two Channels, it fol low'd that one of the Mouths fell about the Shoals we had obferv'd the fixth of the Month ; and the rather becaufe thofe Shoals were very near the Latitude that Monfieur de la Sale had obferv'd, when he came by the way of Cana da to difcover the Mouth of that River, as he told me feveral Times. This Confideration prevail'd with Monfieur de la Sale to propofe his Defign of returning to wards thofe Shoals. He gave his Reafons for fo doing and expofed his Doubts; but his ill Fortune made him not be regarded. Our PaS- Sage had taken up more Time than had been ex pected, by ReaSon of the Calms; there was a considerable Number of Men aboard the Joly, and Provifions grew Short, infomuch that they Said it would not hold out to return, if our De parture were delay'd. For this Reafon Mon fieur de Beaujeu demanded Provifions of Mon fieur de la Sale; but he asking enough for a long Time, Monfieur de la Sale anfwer'd, he could only give him enough for a Fortnight, which was more Time than was requifite to reach the Place he intended to return to ; and that befides he 28 Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage Jan. 1685 he could not give him more Provifions, without •^"VXJ rummaging all the Stores to the Bottom of the Hold, which would endanger his being caft away. Thus nothing was concluded, and Mon fieur de Beaujeu return'd to his own Ship. In the mean Time, Want of Water began to T^irf. pinch us, and Monfieur de la Sale refolv'd to mg' fend to look for fome about the next River. Ac cordingly he order'd the two Boats that had been made ready the Day before, to go off. He was aboard one of them himfelf, and directed me to follow him. Monfieur de Beaujeu alfo commanded his Boat to go for Wood. By the Way we met the faid Sieur de Beaujeu in his Yaul, returning from Land, with the Sieur Minet, an Ingenier, who told us, they had been in a Sort of fait Pool, two or three Leagues from the Place where the Ships were at Anchor, we held on our Way and landed. One of our Boats, which was gone ahead of us, had been a League and a half up the River, without finding any frefh Water in its Channel; but fome Men wandering about to the right and left, had met with divers Rivulets of very good Water, wherewith many Casks were fill'd. We lay afhore, and our Hunters having that Day kill'd good Store of Ducks, Buftards and Teal, and the next Day two Goats, Monfieur de la Sale fent Monfieur de Beaujeu Part. We feafted upon the reft, and that good Sport put feveral Gentlemen that were then aboard Monfieur de Beaujeu, among whom were Mon fieur du Hamel, the Enfign and the King's Clerk, upon coming afhore to partake of the Diverfi- on; but they took much Pains and were not fuccefsfull in their Sport. In into NORTH AMERICA. 29 In the mean Time many Casks were fill'd Jan. 1685 with Water, as well for our Ship as for Mon- (-''V>J fieur de Beaujeu's. Some Days after Monfieur d' Aire the Lieutenant, came afhore to confer with Monfieur de la Sale, and to know how he would manage about the Provifions ; but both of them perfifting in their firft PropoSals and Monfieur de la Sale perceiving that Monfieur de Beaujeu would not be fatisfied with Provifions for 15 Days, which he thought fufficient to go to the Place where he expected to find one of the Branches of the Miffifipi, which he with good Reafon believ'd to be about the Shoals, I have before fpoken of, nothing was concluded as to that Affair. Monfieur d' Aire return'd to his Captain, and Monfieur de la Sale refolv'd to land his Men ; which could not be done for fome Days, becaufe of the foul Weather ; but in the mean Time we kill'd much Game. During this little Interval, Monfieur de la Sale being impatient to get fome Intelligence of what he fought after, refolv'd to go himfelf up on Difcovery, and to feek out fome more ufeful and commodious . River than that where they were. To this Purpofe he took five or fix of us along with him. We fet out one Morning in fo thick a Fog, that the hindmoft could not perceive the Track of the foremoft, So that we loft Monfieur de la Sale for fome Time. We travel'd till about three in the Afternoon, finding the Country for the moft Part Sandy, Account of little GraSs, no frefh Water, unlets in fome the Country Sloughs, the Track of abundance of wild Goats, Lakes full of Ducks, Teals, Water-Hens, and having taken much Pains return'd without Suc- cefs. The 30 Monfieur de la S A l e'j Second Voyage Jan. 1685 The next Morning, Monfieur de la Sale's In- •*''*VV) dian, going about to find wild Goats, came to a Lake, which had a little Ice upon it, the Weather being cold, and Abundance of Fifh dy ing about the Edges of it. He came to inform us, we went to make our Provifion of them, there were fome of a prodigious Magnitude, and a- mong the reft extraordinary large Trouts, or elfe they were fome Sort of Fifh very like them. We caufed fome of each of a Sort to be boil'd in fait Water, and found them very good. Thus having Plenty of Fifh and Flefh, we began to ufe ourfelves to eat them both, without Bread. Whilft we liv'd thus eafy enough, Monfieur de la Sale expected with Impatience to know what Refolution Monfieur de Beaujeu would take ; that he might either go to the Place, where he expected to find the Miffifipi, or follow fome other Courfe ; but at laft, perceiving that his Affairs did not advance, he refolv'd to put his own Defign in Execution, the Purport where of was to land one hundred and twenty, or one hundred and thirty Men to go along the Coaft and continue it, till they had found fome other River, and that at the fame Time the Bark la Belle Should hold the fame Courfe at Sea, Still keeping along the Coaft, to relieve thofe Afhore in Time of Need. He gave me and Monfieur Moranget, his Nephew, the Command of that fmall Compa ny, he furnifh'd us with all Sorts of Provifions for eight, or ten Days, as alfo Arms, Tools and Utenfils we might have Occafion for, of which every Man made his Bundle. He alfo gave us written Instructions of what we were to do, the Signals /«/» NORTH AMERICA. 31 Signals we were to make; and thus we fet out Feb. 1685 on the Fourth of February. <*S~V~SJ We took our Way along the Shore. Our M f firft Day's Journey was not long, we encamp'd ^ iand on a little rifing Ground, heard a Cannon (hot, to difco- which made us uneafy, made the Signals that ver. had been appointed, and the next Day, being the 5th, we held on our March, Monfieur Mo- ranget bringing up the Rear, and I leading the Van. I will not fpend Time in relating feveral per- fonal Accidents, inconfiderable in themfelves, or of no Confequence, the moft confiderable of them being the Want of frefh Water; but will proceed to fay, that after three Days March we found a great River, where we halt ed and made the Signals agreed on, encamping on a commodious Spot of Ground till we could hear of the Boat, which was to follow us, or of our Ships. But our Provifions beginning to fall Short, and none of our Ships appearing, being befides apprehenfive of fome unlucky Accident oc- cafion'd by the Disagreement between Mon fieur de la Sale and Monfr. de Beaujeu, the Chief of our Company came together to know what Refolution we Should take. It was agreed, that we fhould fpare our Provifions to endeavour to go on to fome Place where we might find Bul locks ; but it was requifite to crofs the River, and we knew not how, becaufe we were too many of us, and therefore it was decreed to fet Some Carpenters there were among us at Work to build a little Boat, which took them up the eleventh and twelfth of February. The 32 Monfieur de la Sale'i Second Voyage Feb. 1685 The 13th, we were put out of our Pain by ,-'sJ the Stern of the Ship run A-ground, was mali- cioufly ftav'd in the Night, fo that we had none left but Monfieur de Beaujeu's. The Second, that the Wind blowing in from the Offing, made the Waves run high, which beating vio lently againft the Ship, fplit her, and all the light Goods were carry'd out at the opening, by the Water. This laft Misfortune happen'd alfo in the Night. Thus every Thing fell out moft unhappily, for had that befallen in the Day, Abundance of Things might have been faved. Whilft we were upon this melancholly Em ployment, about an hundred, or an hundred and twenty of the Natives came to our Camp, with their Bows and Arrows. Monfieur de la Sale order'd us to handle our Arms, and fland upon our Guard. About twenty of thofe Indians mix'd themfelves among us, to obferve what we had Saved of the Shipwreck, upon which, there were feveral Sentinels, to let none come near the Powder. The reft of the Indians ftood in Parcels, or Pelotons. MonSr. de la Sale, who was acquaint ed with their Ways, order'd us to obferve their Behaviour, and to take Nothing from them, which neverthelefs did not hinder fome of our Men from receiving fome Pieces of Meat. Some Time after, when the Indians were about de parting, they made Signs to us to go a Hunt ing with them; but betides that, there was fuSti- cient CauSe to SuSpect them, we had enough other BufineSs to do. However we ask'd, whether they would barter for any of their Canoes, which they agreed to. The Sieur Barbier went along with into NORTH AMERICA. 39 with them, purchas'd two for Hatchets and Feb. 1685 brought them. '?VNJ Some Days after, we perceiv'd a Fire in the Country, which fpread it Self and burnt the dry Weeds, Hill drawing towards us ; where upon, Monfr. de la Sale made all the Weeds and Herbs that were about us, be pull'd up, and particularly all about the Place where the Pow der was. Being defirous to know the Occafion of that Fire, he took about twenty of us along with him, and we march' d that Way, and even beyond the Fire, without feeing any Body. We perceiv'd that it run towards the W. S. W. and judg'd it had begun about our firft Camp, and at the Village 'next the Fire. Having fpy'd a Cottage near the Bank of a Lake, we drew towards it, and found an old Woman in it, who fled as foon as She Saw us; but having overtaken and given her to understand, that we would do her no Harm, She return'd to her Cottage, where we found Some Pitchers of Water, of which we all drank. Some Time af ter we faw a Canoe coming, in which were two Women and a Boy, who being landed, and perceiving we had done the old Woman no Odd Salu- Harm, came and imbraced us in a very particu lar Manner, blowing upon our Ears and ma king Signs to give us to understand, that their People were a hunting. A few Minutes after, Seven or eight of the Indians appeared, who, it is likely, had hid themfelves among the Weeds when they Saw us coming. Being come up they Saluted us, aSter the Same Manner, as the Women had done, which made us laugh. We flaid there Some Time with them. Some of our Men barter'd D 4 Knives tatton. •^VNJ 40 Monfieur de la Sale'j Second Voyage Feb^ 1685 Knives for Goats Skins, after which we return'd to our Camp ; Being come thither, Monfieur de la Sale made me go aboard the Bark la Belle, where he had imbark'd Part of the Powder, with pofitive Orders not to carry, or permit any Fire to be made there, having Sufficient CauSe to fear every thing, after what had hap- ned. For this Reafon they carry'd me and all that were with me, our Meat every Day. During this time it was that TAimable open ing in the Night, the next Morning we faw all the light Things that were come out of it floating about, and Monfieur de la Sale fent Men every Way, who gather'd up about 30 Casks of Wine and Brandy, and fome of Flefh, Meal and Grain. When we had gather'd all, as well what had been taken out of the Ship-wreck'd Veffel as what could be pick'd up in the Sea, the next Thing was to regulate the Provifions we had left proportionably to the Number of Men we were ; and there being no more Bisket, Meal was deliver'd out, and with it we made Hafly Pudding with Water, which was none of the beft ; fome large Beans and India Corn, part of which had taken wet ; and every thing was di- ftributed very diScreetly. We were much in commoded for want of Kettles, but Monfieur de Beaujeu gave Monfieur de la Sale one, and he order'd another to be brought from the Bark la Belle, by which means we were well ferv'd. We were flill in want of Canoes. Monfieur de la Sale fent to the Camp of the Indians to barter for fome, and they who went thither obferv'd, that thofe People had made their Ad vantage of our Ship-wreck, and had fome Bales of into NORTH AMERICA. 41 of Normandy Blankets, and they faw feveral Feb. 1685 Women had cut them in two and made Petti- '^''VNJ coats of them. They alfo faw Bits of Iron of the Ship that was caft away, and return'd immediately to make their Report to Monfieur de la Sale, who faid we muft endeavour to get fome Canoes in Exchange, and refolv'd to Send thither again the next Day. Monfieur du Hamel, Enfign to Monfr. de Beaujeu, offer'd to go up in his Boat, which Monfieur de la Sale agreed to, and order'd Meffieurs Moranget, his Nephew, Defloges, Oris, Gayen, and fome others to bear him Company. No Sooner were thoSe Gentlemen, who were more Hot than WiSe, landed, but they went up to the Camp of the Indians, with their Arms in their Hands, as if they had intended to force Ifdfcre- them, whereupon feveral of thofe People fled. 'JjnA an Going into the Cottages, they found others, to whom Monfieur du Hamel endeavour'd to figni- fy by Signs, that he would have the Blankets they had found reftor'd ; but the Misfortune was, that none of them underftood one another. The Indians thought it their beft Way to with draw, leaving behind them fome Blankets and Skins of Beafts, which thofe Gentlemen took away, and finding fome Canoes in their Return they feiz'd two, and got in, to bring them away. But having no Oars, none of them knowing how to manage thofe Canoes, and having only fome pitiful Poles, which they could not tell the right Ufe of, and the Wind being alfo a- gainft them, they made little Way; which the Sieur du Hamel, who was in his Boat perceiving, and that Night drew on, he made the beft of his 42 March 1685 The Indi ans take Revenge. Sieurs Oris and Defloges kill'd. Monfieur de la S a l e'j* Second Voyage his Way, forfook them and return'd to the Camp. Thus Night came upon them, which oblig'd thofe unexperienc'd Canoe Men, being tho roughly tir'd, to go afhore to take fome Reft, and the Weather being cold, they lighted a Fire, about which they laid them down and fell afleep; the Sentinel they had appointed doing the fame. The Indians returning to their Camp, and perceiving our Men had carry'd away two Canoes, fome Skins and Blankets, took it for a Declaration of a War, refolv'd to be reveng'd, and discovering an unuSual Fire, pre sently concluded that our men had halted there. A confiderable Number of them re- pair'd to the Place, without making the leaft Noife, found our careleSs People fad afleep, wrap'd up in their Blankets, and Shot a full Volley of their Arrows upon them all together on a Sudden, having firft given their ufual Shout before they fall on. The Sieur Moranget awaking with the Noife, and finding himSelf wounded, Started up and fir'd his Piece Successfully enough, Some others did the like, whereupon the Natives fled. The Sieur Moranget came to give us the Alarm, though he was fhot through one of his Arms, below the Shoulder, and had another flanting Wound on the Breaft. Monfieur de la Sale im mediately fent fome arm'd Men to the Place, who could not find the Indians, but when Day appear'd, they found the Sieurs Oris and Dej- loges dead upon the Spot, the Sieur Gayen much hurt, and the reft all fafe and found. This ¦-^•VNJ into 'NORTH AMERICA. 43 This Difafter, which happen'd the Night of March the 5th of March, very much afflicted Monfieur . J^4_ de la Sale; but he chiefly lamented Monfieur Defioges a Sprightly Youth, who ferv'd well; but in fhort, it was their own Fault, and con trary to the Charge given them, which was to be watchful and upon their Guard. We were under Apprehenfions for Meffieurs Moranget and Gayen, left the Arrows fhould be poiSon'd. It afterwards appear'd they were not, how ever Monfieur Moranget's Cure prov'd difficult, becauSe Some Small Veffel was cut. The Confequences of this Misfortune, toge ther with the Concern, moft of the beft Perfons who had follow'd Monfieur de la Sale were under, fupported the Defign of thofe who were for returning to France and forfaking him, of which Number were Monfieur Dain- maville, a Prieft of the Seminary of St. Sulpice, the Sieur Minet, Engineer and fome others. The common DifcourSes of Monfieur de la Sale's Enemies tending to difcredit his Conduct, and to repreSent the pretended RafhneSs of his Enterprize, contributed confiderably towards the Defertion; but his ReSolution prevailing, he heard and waited all Events with Pati ence, and always gave his Orders, without appearing the leaft diScompos'd. He caus'd the Dead to be brought to our Camp, and bury'd them Honourably, the Can non Supplying the Want of Bells, and then confider'd of making fome fafer Settlement. He caus'd all that had been fav'd from the Shipwreck, to be brought together into one Place, threw up Intrenchments about it, to Secure his Effects, and perceiving that the Water 44 March 1685 *V~*/>J Debates between the Com manders. Mr. de la Sale much wrong' d. Mr. de Beaujeu leaves him Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage Water of the River, where we were, roul'd down violently into the Sea, he fancy'd that might be one of the Branches of the Miffifipi, and propos'd to go up it, to fee whether he could find any Tokens of it, or of the Marks he had left, when he went down by Land to the Mouth of it. In the mean Time, Monfieur de Beaujeu was preparing to depart: The Chevalier de Aire had many Conferences with Monfieur de la Sale about feveral things, the latter demanded of Monfieur de Beaujeu, particularly the Cannon and Ball which were aboard the Joly, and had been defign'd for him; which Monfieur de Beaujeu refus'd, alledging that all thofe things lay at the Bottom of the Hold, and that he could not rummage it without evident Danger of perifhing; tho', at the fame time, he knew we had Eight Pieces of Cannon and not one Bullet. I know not how that Affair was decided be tween them; but am fure he fuffer'd the Cap tain of the Fly-boat TAimable to imbark aboard Monfieur de Beaujeu, tho' he deferv'd to be moft Severely punilh'd, had Juftice been done him. His Crew follow'd him, contrary to what Mon fieur de Beaujeu had promis'd, that he would not receive a Man of them. All that Mon fieur de la Sale could do, tho' fo much wrong' d, was to write to France, to Monfieur de Saignelay, Minifter of State, whom he acquainted with alll the Particulars, as I was inform'd, when I re turn'd, and he gave the Packet to Monfieur de Beaujeu, who fail'd away for France. Having loft the Notes I took at that time, and being forc'd to rely much upon Memory for what I now write, I Shall not pretend to be any ^ NORTH AMERICA. 45 any longer exact in the Dates, for fear of Mar. 1685 miftaking, and therefore I cannot be pofitive "^VNJ as to the Day of Monfieur de Beaujeu's Depar ture, but believe it was the 14th of March, 1685. When Monfr. de Beaujeu was gone, we fell to Work to make a Fort, of the Wreck of the j port Ship that had been caft away, and many Pieces built. oi Timber the Sea threw up ; and during that Time, feveral Men deferted, which added to Monfieur de la Sale's Affliction. A Spaniard and a French Man flole away and fled, and were ne ver more heard of. Four or five others follow'd their Example, but Monfieur de la Sale having timely Notice, fent after them, and they were brought back. One of them was condemn'd to Death, and the others to ferve the King ten Years in that Country. When our Fort was well advanc'd, Monfr. de la Sale refolv'd to clear his Doubts, and to go up the River, where we were, to know whe ther it was not an Arm of the Miffifipi, and ac- Monfr. de cordingly order'd fifty Men to attend him, of la Sale which Number were Monfr. Cavelier, his Bro- Soes t0 dif' ther, and Monfr. Chedeville, both Priefts, two "Jj \UJver Recolet Fryars, and feveral Voluntiers, who fet out in five Canoes we had, with the necef- fary Provifions. There remain'd in the Fort a- bout an hundred and thirty Perfons, and Monfr. de la Sale gave me the Command of it, with Or ders not to have any Commerce with the Na tives, but to fire at them if they appear'd. Whilft Monfr. de la Sale was abfent, I caus'd an Oven to be built, which was a great Help to us, and employ'd my Self in finifhing the Fort, and putting it in a Pofture to with stand 46 Monfieur de la S ale'i Second Voyage Mar. 168 5 ftand the Indians, who came frequently in the '^'"YV) Night to range about us, howling like Wolves and Dogs ; but two or three Mufquet Shots put them to Flight. It happen'd one Night, that having fir'd fix or Seven Shot, Monfieur de la Sale who was not far from us, heard Returns them, and being in Pain about it, he return'd with fix or Seven Men, and found all Things in a good Pofture. He told us he had found a good Country, fit to Sow and plant all Sorts of Grain, a- Sets out a- bounding in Beeves and wild Fowl; that he gain. defign'd to erect a Fort farther up the River, and accordingly he left me Orders to Square out as much Timber as I could get, the Sea cafting up much upon the Shore. He had given the fame Orders to the Men he had left on the Spot, Seven or eight of whom, de- tach'd from the reft, being bufy at that Work, and feeing a Number of the Natives, fled, and unadvifeably left their Tools behind them. Monfieur de la Sale returning thither, found a Paper made faft to a Reed, which gave him Notice of that Accident, which he was concern'd at, becaufe of the Tools, not fo much for the Value of the Lofs, as becaufe it was furnifhing the Natives with fuch Things as they might afterwards make Ufe of againft us. About the Beginning of April, we were a- A Spanijb larm'd by a Veffel which appear'd at Sea, near Veffel ap- enough to difcern the Sails, and we fuppofed pears. ^^ might be Spaniards, who had heard of our Coming and were ranging the Coaft to find us out. That made us ftand upon our Guard, to keep within the Fort, and fee that our Arms were info NORTH AMERICA. 47 were fit for Service. We afterwards faw two Apr. 1685 Men in that Veffel, who inftead of coming to {^Y~S^ uss, went towards the other Point, and by that Means pafs'd on, without perceiving us. Having one Day obferv'd, that the Water work'd and bubbled up, and afterwards per ceiving it was occafion'd by the Fifh skipping Finj"^e„ from Place to Place, I caufed a Net to be brought, and we took a prodigious Quantity of Fifh, among which were many Dorado's, or Gilt-Heads, Mullets and others about as big as a Herring, which afforded us good Food for feveral Days. This fifhery, which I caufed to be often follow'd, was a great Help towards our Subfiftance. About that Time, and on Eafter-day that Year, an unfortunate Accident befel Monfieur le Gros. After Divine Service he took a Gun to go kill Snipes about the Fort. He fhot Rattle one, which fell into a Marfh, he took off his S™f/Mr Shoes and Stockings to fetch it out, and re- , n,„ o ' t-» vjros. turning, through Carelefsnefs trod upon a Rat tle Snake, fo call'd, becaufe it has a Sort of Scale on the Tail, which makes a Noife. The Serpent bit him a little above the Ankle, he was carefully dreSs'd and look'd after, yet aSter having endur'd very much, he dy'd at lafl, as I Shall mention in its Place. Another more unlucky Accident befell us, one of our Fifhermen fwimming about the Net to gather the Fifh, was carry'd away by the Current, and could not be help'd by us. Our Men fometimes went about feveral May 1685 little Salt Water Lakes, that were near our Fort, and found on the Banks a Sort of flat Fifties, like Turbots afleep, which they Struck with Fort. 48 Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage May 1685 with fharp pointed Sticks, and they were good **V'~V"\J Food. Providence alfo fhew'd us that there Salt found was gajt ma(je by the Sun, upon feveral little m Pools. Sak Water Pools there were in divers Places, for having obferv'd that there grew on them a Sort of white Subftance, like the Cream upon Milk, I took care every Day to fend and fetch that Scum off, which prov'd to be a very white and good Salt, whereof I gather'd a Quanti ty, and it did us good Service. Some of our Hunters having feen a Parcel of wild Goats running as if they were frighted, judg'd they were purfued by the Indians, and came for Refuge to the Fort, and to give me Notice. Accordingly fome Time after, we difco- Indians ver'd a Parcel of Natives, who came and po- come to the q. ^ themfelves on an Eminence, within Can- non Shot, fome of them drew off from the reft and approach'd the Fort by the Way of the Downs. I caufed our Men immediately to handle their Arms, and wet Blankets to be laid on our Huts, to prevent their being burnt by the Fire the Savages fometimes (hoot with their Arrows. All this Time thoSe who had Separated themSelves from the reft, being three in Number, (till drew nearer, making Signs for us to go to them ; but Monfieur de la Sale had forbid me having any Commerce with them; however, fince they had neither Bows nor Ar rows, we made signs to them to draw near, which they did without hefitating. We went out to meet them, Monfieur Mo ranget made them fit down, and they gave us to underftand by Signs, that their People were hunting near us; being able to make no more of what they faid, Monfieur Moranget was for knocking into NORTH AMERICA. knocking out their Brains, to revenge their having murder'd our Companions, but I would not confent to it, fince they had come confiding in us. I made Signs to them to be gone, which they did as fad as they could, fome fmall Shot we fir'd into the Air making them run, and a Cannon Shot, I pointed towards the rifing Ground, where the reft were, put them all to Flight. Thefe Accidents made us double our Guards, fince we were at open War with that crafty Nation, which let flip no Opportunity to fur- prize us, and therefore Penalties were appoint ed for fuch as fhould be found afleep upon Sen tinel; the Wooden-Horfe was fet up for them without Remiffion; and by Means of fuch Pre cautions we fav'd our Lives. Thus we Spent the reft of the Month, till the Beginning of June. In the mean Time, Monfieur de la Sale had begun to make another Setdement, in the Place he before told us of, looking upon it as better, becaufe it was fur ther up the Country. To that Purpofe he Sent to us the Sieur de Villeperdry with two Canoes and Orders for the Sieur Moranget to repair to him, if he were recover'd, and that all the Men fhould march, except 30 of the ableft to make a good Defence, who were to flay with me in the Fort. The reft being Seventy PerSons, as well Men and Women as Children, Set out with the Sieur Moranget ; and we being but a Small Number remaining, I cauSed the Fort to be brought into a leSs CompaSs, to Save porting So many Sentinels. Our little Company began to take Satisfacti on in the Eafe of getting and the Nature of our E Provifions 49 June 1685 SecondSettlement 50 Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage July 1685 Provifions, which a greater Number has more ^"""NJ Difficulty to be fupply'd with, and which we A Confpi- j^ pienty 0f, by Means of Hunting and Fifhing, v7r'd ~ thofe being our principal Employments, and we liv'd well enough contented, expecting to be remov'd. However there were fome Malecon- tents, who refolv'd to defert ; but finding a Difficuly to put it in Execution, for that they could neither get Arms, nor Powder nor Ball, because the Sieur le Gros and I kept all lock'd up, and were very vigilant, that none might be lavifhly fpent, they took the cruel Refolution to rid themfelves of us. That bloody Maffacre was to begin by me, when I was afleep, and then to proceed to the Sieur le Gros, who lay in the Magazine, or Warehoufe, and was in no Condition to defend himfelf, becaufe his Leg was ftill fwolen, and put him to much Pain. The Execution was to be by ftabbing. One of the Confpirators re- veal'd this to the Sieur Davault, a Hunter, who immediately came and accquainted me. I did not jufl then take Notice of what I had been told; but in the Evening, when they return'd from hunting, I caufed one to be fecur'd, who prefently confefs'd all. His Accomplice was alfo feiz'd, and it was very troublefom to fe- cure them till the Time when we fhould re move. About the Middle of July, the Bark la Belle came and anchor'd near us. An Order was brought me from Monfieur de la Sale, directing me to put aboard it all the Effects that were in our Fort, to make a Float of the Timber I had caufed to be fquar'd, if Time would permit, if not to bury it in the Ground. Every Man fet his into NO.RTH AMERICA. 51 his Hand to the Work, with all poffible Dili- July 1685 gence, and our two PriSoners were put aboard, *^YV) as was alSo Monfieur le Gros and his Surgeon, with all our Effects. The Float was begun with immenfe Labour; but the Weather proving very Stormy, and holding very long, I was oblig'd to caufe what had been done to be taken in Pieces, and to bury the Timber in the Sand, the beft we could, that the Natives might not find it. We then Set out towards the Place where jj,e firft the Indians had been encamp'd, when Monfieur Fort aban- de la Sale went the firft time to fee them. We don'd. found no Creature, and lay there that Night. and fo proceeded along the Sea Coaft, without any Accident, to the Camp of the Sieur Hurie, which was a Pott in the Way, where Monfieur de la Sale had order'd all our Effects to be laid up. It had no other Inclofure but Chefts and Barrels ; but there was nothing to fear from the Europeans. We fpent the Night at that Pofl, and two Canoes coming thither the next Morning, I Ilj i°^turJ went aboard one of them, with Part of my Settlement Company, and join'd Monfieur de la Sale the next Day, at the Place where he had refolv'd to make his new Settlement. I gave him an Account of all that had happen'd, and was amaz'd to fee Things fo ill begun and fo little advanc'd. As for the Plantation, the Seed and Grain put into the Ground, was either loft through Drought, or eaten by Birds or Beafts. There were feveral Dead, and among them the Sieur de Villeperdry; many fick, and of that Number Monfieur Cavalier the Prieft; no Shel ter but a little Square Place ftak'd in, where the E 2 Powder 52 Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage July 1685 Powder was and Some Casks of Brandy; many ^^YNJ other Inconveniences there were, which made all Things appear in a miSerable Condition. It was requifite to think of building a large Lodgment, Monfieur de la Sale defign'd it, but the Difficulty was to get proper Timber for Building. There was a little Wood, where a good Quantity might be had, but it was a League up the Country, and we had neither Carts nor Horfes to carry it; however MonSr. Hard La- de la Sale Sent Workmen thither, with others bour. to guard them. The Trees were cut down and squar'd, but the Carpenters were So igno rant, that MonSr. de la Sale was forc'd to act the Matter Builder, and to mark out the Pieces for the Work he defign'd. Some of thofe Pieces of Timber were dragg'd to the Camp, over the Grafs and Weeds the Plain was co- ver'd with; afterwards the Carriage of a Gun was made ufe of; but all coft fo much Labour, that the ableft Men were quite fpent. This exceflive Toil, the poor Suftenance the labouring Men had, and that often retrench'd as a Penalty for having fail'd in doing their Duty; the Uneafinefs Monfieur de la Sale was under to fee nothing fucceed as he had imagin'd, and which often made him infult the Men, when there was little Reafon for it; All theSe things together afflifted very many So Senfibly, that they vifibly declin'd, and above thirty Carpenter dy'd. The LoSs of fo many Men was follow'd lof'- by that of the Matter Carpenter, who was re turning one Evening with me; but I happening to Step afide to kill fome wild Fowl, when I came to our Habitation I found him not, and it was never known what became of him ; an Accident into NORTH AMERICA. Accident which added to our Vexation, for tho' he had but little Skill at his Trade, yet we flood in Need of him. Notwithftanding all thofe Difappointments, enough Timber was carry'd or rather dragg'd, to build the Houfe Monfieur de la Sale defign'd, and he was himfelf the Architect. He mark'd out the Lengths, the Tenants and Mortifes, and made good the Defect of the Workmen and calling to Mind that I had bury'd feveral Pieces of Timber at our firft Habitation, which might be of Ufe, he order'd me to take two Canoes and 20 men, to go fetch them, in the Bark la Belle, which was with us. Being come to the Place, we found the Na tives had difcover'd our Timber, and carry'd away fome Planks, to pick out the Nails there were in them, which they value very much, to point their Arrows. We labour'd to make a Float, loaded the Bark la Belle with the reft of the Planks and other Effects, and fet out again. Some of the Natives appear'd whilft we were at Work, but feeing us advance to wards them, with our Arms in our Hands, they fled. We return'd fafe to Monfieur de la Sale, who was glad to fee us, tho' we had loft one of the Canoes, for want of its being well made faft to the Float; but the Timber we brought was a mighty help towards carrying on his Defign, and much fitter than that we had hew'd in the Wood, with fo much Labour; fo that this Timber occafion'd the raifing another Structure contiguous to the former. All was cover'd with Planks, and Bullocks Hides over them. The Apartments were divided, and all of them well E 3 cover'd. 53 Aug. 1685 Second Set tlement. 54 Monfieur de la Sale'j Second Voyage Sep. 1685 cover'd. The Stores had a Place apart, and ""•^YNJ that Dwelling had the name of St. Lewis given it, as well as the Neighbouring Bay. The Sieur le Gros, who had remain'd aboard the Bark le Belle, ever fince the firft Voyage fhe made to our former Habitation, was carry'd Mr. le afhore to the new One, and his Leg flill fwell- a Mothers *n§' tne Surgeon was apprehenfive of a Morti fication, and advis'd him to content to have it cut off. He did fo, tho' with Regret, the Ope ration was made, but a Fever follow'd imme diately, and he liv'd but two Days, dying on the Feaft of the Decollation of St. John Baptifl, much lamented by all Men, and particularly by Monfieur de la Sale, to whom he was very fer- viceable, by reafon of his general Knowledge, and his particular Fidelity towards him. Mon fieur Carpentier, Son to the Matter of the Works and the Sieur Thibault, both of Roan, and fome others, dy'd about the fame time. Monfieur de la Sale being defirous to take a Progrefs, to find his fatal Miffifipi River, and only expecting the Recovery of his Brother Monfieur Cavalier, who was to bear him Com pany, he began to make fome Preparations towards it, and in the mean time, took fome fmall Journeys of four or five Leagues about, but could learn nothing further, than that it was a very fine Country, hem'd in on one Side by a fmall Mountain, which appear'd at about Fifteen or Twenty Leagues diftance; beautify'd with very fine Trees, and water'd by many little Rivers, whereof that, on which we had built our Habitation was the lead. River of We call'd it la Riviere aux Bceufs, that is the Bullocks. River of Bullocks, by reafon of the great Num ber into NORTH AMERICA. 55 ber of them there was about it. Thefe Bui- Sep. 1685 locks are very like ours, there are Thoufands •^VXJ of them, but inftead of Hair they have a very long curl'd Sort of Wool. Monfieur de la Sale Studying all Ways to find out the River Miffifipi, imagin'd it might fall into the adjacent Bay, and refolv'd to go view all the Coafts about it, and to make ufe of the Bark la Belle. Accordingly he order'd me to repair to the Said Bark, with five Men and a Canoe, into which he put his Cloaths, and other Effects in Several Chefts. That fhort Voyage was very troubleSome to us, by reaSon of the foul Weather, with contra ry Winds and Storms, which had like to have overwhelm'd us, and what was flill worSe, we did not find the Bark, where we had left her. We went on a League further, to no PurpoSe, and Provifions beginning to fall fhort, becaufe we had been fix Days on the Way, in ftead of three, we resolv'd to return to the Place from whence we came. Monfieur de la Sale feeing us return at a di- flance, came to meet us. Our Report troubled him for the Bark, which he flood in need of, fo that he refolv'd to go himfelf to feek her, imbark'd in a Canoe, and Sent me another Way, in another. After having wander'd about Boat of all that Day, the next Night and the Day fol- the Bark lowing, we at lafl perceiv'd her, where She lay If'- under Shelter in a little Creek, having been in Danger of Perifhing by the foul Weather we had been in, and had loft her Boat, which was not well made fall. E 4. The oa. 1685 56 Monfieur de la Sale'i Second Voyage The Bark was alfo difcover'd by Monfieur de la Sale, who was on the other fide, which made him draw near and land, whence he fent his Canoe to the faid Bark, and Monfieur Moranget who commanded it, went aboard to meet him. The Lofs of the Boat troubled Mon fieur de la Sale, I fent a Canoe to bring him, but to no Purpofe; however the Trunks were put aboard the Bark. Monfieur Cavalier the Prieft, being recover'd, What Monfieur de la Sale prepar'd to fet out with all Stores they Speed. He was pleas'd to Honour me with the bad. Command, during his Abfence, and left me an Inventory of all that was in our Habitation, confifting of Eight Pieces of Cannon, two Hundred Firelocks, as many Cutlaces, an Hun dred Barrels of Powder, three Thou fand Weight of Ball, about three Hundred Weight of other Lead, fome Bars of Iron, twenty Packs of Iron to make Nails, fome Iron Work and Tools, as Hatchets and the like. As for Provifions, all that were left me amoun ted to twenty Casks of Meal, one Cask and a half of Wine, three Quarters of a Cask of Bran dy, and for living Creatures fome few Swine, a Cock and a Hen ; which is very fhort of what has been Publifh'd by the Author of a Book en tituled, The firft Eftablijhment in New France: but the Reafon of it is, that he compiled his Work upon the Credit of Relations, which were as falfe as to the Point of the Ammunition and Provifions, remaining in our Habitation, when Monfieur de la Sale fet out that Time, as con cerning the Fort well condition'd, and the Magazines or Storehofes under Ground, which are all imaginary, there being Nothing but the HouSe into NORTH AMERICA. $7 Houfe I have mention' d, pallifado'd, with fome Nov- l68s old Stakes. -V-YXJ Monfr. de la Sale farther order'd me not to receive any Men of thofe he took along with him, unlets they brought an Order from him in Writing ; nor to hold or admit of any Com munication with the Natives, but rather to fire upon them, and fome other Particulars he thought fit to be obferv'd. He had made him self a Coat of Mail with fmall Laths, to Secure himSelf againft the Arrows, which he took a- long with him, he alfo took the Canoes, and promis'd to fend me one back. Five Cannon Shot were the Signal of his Departure. He took his Way along the lower Part of the River, to march by Land along the neigh- ^onf. de bouring Bay, which was call'd of St. Lewis, the gU*tfj"_ Canoes keeping within Sight. I was left cover. in the Habitation with thirty four Perfons, Men, St. Lewis'/ Women and Children, and of that Number Bay. were three Recolet Friars, the Sieur Hurie, who was to command in my Abfence, one of the Sieurs Duhaut, the Sieurs Thibault and a Sur geon. Our Provifions being very fmall, and it being requifite to fpare them, for the Sick, we were oblig'd to apply our Selves to Fifhing and Shoot ing. Both of them at firft prov'd very unfuc- cefsful, efpecially the latter; becaufe we were not yet well vers'd in them, and Monfieur de la Sale had taken our HuntSman along with him; but at length, Neceffity made us more expert. We kill'd Beeves, fome of which I caus'd to be dry'd, and they were a confiderable Help to fubfifl us. Some 58 Monjieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage Nov. 1685 Some Days after, the Canoe Monfieur de la l*yr^ Sale had promis'd me, arrived with three Sol- Hunter diers, who brought us the News of the Lofs of Cold W"'1 'he Huntfman Monfieur de la Sale had taken along with him, and who had been found dead with Cold in a Ditch, where he had lain down to reft after hunting, which troubled us all ve ry much. They alfo inform'd us, that Monfr. de la Sale advancing towards fome Dwellings the Natives had abandon'd, after a fmall Re finance, fome of whom had been wounded as they fled, they had taken and brought a Girl and a Woman, who was fhot thro' the Thigh, of which fhe dy'd. Dec. 1685 The Canoe was a great Help to us to carry what we kill'd, which being brought to our Ha bitation, found Employment for all Perfons, fome to flea, others to cut up, and others to dry it. At other Times, I fet fome of our Men to throw up a Trench about our Habi tation. Thus we fpent our Time, till about the Jan. 1686 Middle of January, 1686, when being all, one Evening, in our Manfion, the Sentinel came in to acquaint me, that he heard a Voice towards the River; fome men ran thither immediately, and found a Man in a Canoe, crying, Dominick, which was the Name of young Duhaut, who was with us. The Sight of that made me appre- henfive left fome Difafter was befallen Monfr. de la Sale. I drew near, and perceiv'd it was Duhaut the Elder, that was return'd. I ask'd, him whether he had any Letters from Monfieur de la Sale, he anfwer'd, he had not. It gave me some Uneafinefs, confidering I was forbid admitting any Man without an Or- into NORTH AMERICA. 59 Order in Writing, and I was almoft refolv'd to Jan. 1686 fecure him; but the Account he gave me of the t/>^ Occafion of his returning wholly clear'd him. Duhaut I admitted him, and he told me the whole rf"r"M Mf/rterrS ^0l!°WS- ¦ • deTaSale. Monfr. de la Sale, having Staid Some Time on the Sea Shore, near the Place where the Bark was at Anchor he reSolv'd to try the Anchor ing Places of the Coafts round about, to know how near the Bark le Belle might come. To that Purpofe he fent the Pilot with 5 of the beft Men to found. The Pilot did as he was order'd, he founded and obferved the proper Places to come near Se veral CoaSts. At Night he and his Men be- ^ff ing in all Hkelyhood tir'd, they thought fit to go Native]. AShore and lie upon the Land. They made a Fire, perhaps to dreSs Some Meat ; but ne glecting to Stand upon their Guard, they were Surpriz'd, and all fix of them kill'd by the Sa vages; who alfo broke their Canoe, and thus reveng'd themfelves for the Irruption Monfr. de la Sale had lately made among them. More Time being elaps'd than Monfieur de la Sale had allotted thofe Men to return, he grew uneafy, and went himfelf along the Coaft, to fee if any News could be had of them, and keeping along the Shore, he found the fad Re mains of thofe unfortunate Wretches, whofe Carcaffes Scatter'd about, were torn and almoft devour'd by Wolves or Wild Dogs, a Spectacle which went to his Heart. However this Lots, which afflicted him, and particularly for the Sake of the Pilot, who was an able Man, did not quite caft him down; but exerting himfelf againft his Misfortunes, he caus'd 60 Monfieur de la S A l e'j* Second Voyage Jan. 1686 caus'd Flefh to be dry'd, and with that and the °"v>° other Provifions he vi-ftuall'd the Bark la Belle. He caus'd it to advance into the Bay, put a good Number of Men on Board to Secure it, among whom were Monfieur Chedeville, the Pried, and Planterofe oi Roan, and order'd them not to ftir from that Place till they heard from him, and not to go Afhore, unlets with a good Guard and neceffary Precautions. Next, he chofe out Twenty Men, imbark'd on two Canoes he had left, and being come Afhore, caus'd the Canoes to be funk in the River, and every Man to take up his Bundle, confifting of Arms, Tools, fome Utenfils for the Kitchin, a few Goods, to trade with the Natives, if he fhould find any Sociable, and So advanc'd into the Country, to try if any Notice could be had of the Miffifipi. After feveral Days March, they came to a La Ma g°°d pleafant River, which they afterwards ligne Ri- call'd la Maligne. Monfieur de la Sale marching ver. at the Head of the Company, and having or der'd Monfieur Moranget to keep in the Rear; it happen'd that Duhaut flopping to mend his Snapfack and his Shoes, which were in a bad Condition ; the Sieur Moranget coming up, com manded him to March, he defired him to flay a little. Moranget would not, but held on his Way ; Duhaut follow'd fome Time after, but having flay'd too long, he could not overtake the Company, and found himfelf about Night fall in a Plain full of Weeds, where there were feveral Tracks of the Way Cattle had gone, but knew not which of them to take, He fir'd his Piece feveral Times, without hear ing into NORTH AMERICA. 61 ing any thing of his Company, and was oblig'd Feb. 1686 to pafs the Night in that fame Place. *^**WJ In the Morning he Shot again, Spent the Day and Night again in that Place, So that not Strange knowing what to do, he return'd the Same venture Way he had gone, and after a Month's March, for he travell'd only by Night, for Fear of meeting with the Savages, living upon what he kill'd with much Difficulty and Danger, ha ving before fpent all his own Provifions; at length after moft unaccountable Hardfhips and Sufferings, he arriv'd at the Place where the Ca noes had been funk. He took one of them up, with incredible Labour, and too long to relate, and fo came to our Habitation of St. Lewis. Thus it pleas'd God that he who was to be one of the Murderers of Monfieur de la Sale, fliould come off Safe, and furmount almoft infinite Dangers. This Account, which Seem'd to carry the Face of Probability, prevail'd with me to receive the Sieur Duhaut, and in Reality I could do no otherwife, and I made it my Bufinefs to examine into his Behaviour, but could find Nothing to lay to his Charge. We con tinued Some Time longer as we had been be fore ; during the which, I caus'd another lit tle Wooden Structure to be made, of Timber, I had got together, and in it I lodg'd the Wo men and Maidens by themfelves. Having hi therto faid Nothing of the Situation of our Dwelling of St. Lewis, nor of the Nature of the Country we were in, I will here venture upon a plain but true Defcription. We were in about the 27th Degree of North Latitude, two Leagues up the Country, near the 62 Feb. 1686 *^V>J Defcription of the Country and Dwel ling at St. Lewis. TheLand. Living Creatures. Fijh. Monfieur de la Sale'; Second Voyage the Bay of St. Lewis and the Bank of the Ri ver aux Bceufs, on a little Hillock, whence we difcover'd vaft and beautiful Plains, extending very far to the Weftward, all level and full of Greens, which afford Pafture to an infinite Number of Beeves and other Creatures. Turning from the Weft to the Southward, there appear'd other Plains adorn'd with feve ral little Woods of feveral Sorts of Trees. To wards the South and Eaft was the Bay, and the Plains that hem it in from the Eaft; to the Northward, was the River running along by a little Hill, beyond which there were other large Plains, with fome little Tufts of Wood at fmall Diflances, terminating in a Border of Wood, which feem'd to us to be very high. Between that little Hill and our Dwelling, was a Sort of Marfh, and in it Abundance of wild Foul, as Curlies, Water-Hens and other Sorts. In the Marfti there were little Pools full of Fifh. We had alfo an infinite Num ber of Beeves, wild Goats, Rabbits, Turkeys, Buftards, Geefe, Swans, Feldifares, Plovers, Teal, Partridges and many other Sorts of Fowl fit to eat, and among them one call'd le grand Gofier, or, the great Gullet, becaufe it has a very large one ; another as big and Flefhy as a Pullet, which we called the Spatula, becaufe it's Beak is fhap'd like one, and the Feathers of it being of a pale Red, are very beautiful. As for Fifh, we had feveral Sorts in the Ri ver and in the Lakes I have mention'd. The Ri ver afforded a Sort of Barbies, differing from ours in Roundnefs, in their having three Bones flicking out, one on the Back, the others on each Side of the Head, and in the Flefh, which into NORTH AMERICA, 63 Feb. 1686 *^-v>o is like Cod, and without Scales. The River fup- ply'd us with Abundance of other Fifties, whofe Names we know not. The Sea afforded us Oyfters, Eeles, Trouts, a Sort of red Fifties and others whose long, {harp and hard Beak tore all our Nets. We had Plenty both of Land and Sea Tor- toifes, whofe Eggs ferv'd to SeaSon our Sauces. Tortoifes. The Land Tortoifes differ from thofe of the Sea, as being fmaller, round, and their Shell more beautiful. They hide themfelves in Holes they find or make in the Earth. It was looking for these Tortoifes, that one of our Surgeons, thruft his Arm into a Hole, and was bit by fome venomous Creature, which we fuppos'd to be a Sort of Toad, having four Feet, the Top of his Back fharp and very hard, with a little Tail. Whether it was this Crea ture, or a Snake, his Arm fwelled very much, however he was cured by fuch Applications as were made Ufe of; but it coft him a Finger was cut off. Among the venomous Sorts of Snakes, as Vipers, Afps and others, whereof there are many, thofe call'd Rattle-Snakes are the moft common. They generally lye among the Bram bles, where they make a Noife by the Motion of two Scales they have at the End of their Tail, which is heard at a confiderable Diftance, and therefore they are call'd Rattle-Snakes. Some of our Men had eaten of them and found their Flefh was not amiSs, and when we had kill'd any of them, our Swine made a good Meal. Venomous Creatures. Rattle-Snakes. There Feb. 1686 Alligators. Trees. 64 Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage There are alfo many Alligators in the Rivers, Some of them of a frightful Magnitude and Bulk. I kill'd one that was between four and five Foot about, and twenty Foot in Length, on which our Swine feafted. This Creature has very fhort Legs, inSomuch that it rather drags along than walks, and it is eaSy to follow the Tract of it, either among the Weeds or on the Sands, where it has been. It is very rave nous, and attacks either Men or Beafts, when they are within Reach in the River, and comes alfo afhore to Seek for Food. It has this parti cular Quality, that it flies from fuch as purfue, and purfues thofe who fly from it. I have fhot many of them dead. The Woods are compofed of Trees of feveral Sorts. There are Oaks, fome of them ever green and never without Leaves; others like ours in Europe, bearing a Fruit much like our Galls, and lofe their Leaves in Winter, and a- nother Sort not unlike ours in France, but the Bark of them thicker, thefe as well as the Se cond Sort bear an Acorn, differing from ours both in Tafte and Bignefs. There is a Sort of Tree, which bears fmall Berries, which, when ripe, are red, and indif ferent pleafant. It bears twice a Year, but the fecond Crop never ripens. There is another Tree, bearing a Fruit not unlike Cafifia, in Tafte and Virtue. There are others of the Sort I had feen in the Iflands, whofe Leaves are like Rackets, whence the Tree bears the Name. The Bloffoms grow out about the Leaves, and of them comes a Dange- Fruit Somewhat refembling Figs, but the Leaves rous Fruit, and the Fruit are full of Prickles, which muft be into NORTH AMERICA. 65 be carefully rubb'd and taken off, before it is Feb. 1685 eaten, elfe they dangeroufly inflame the Mouth "^VNJ and the Throat, and may prove mortal, as happen'd to one of our Soldiers, who had eaten of them too greedily, and without that Precau tion. I have feen fome Trees refembling the Palm, whofe lofty and long Branches fpread like that call'd the Latanier, bearing a Fruit, faid to be in different good. Others the fame Sort, but whofe Leaves are like Gutters, harfh and So Sharp pointed, that they will pierce the thickeft Stuffs. This Tree has a Sprout on the Top, which fhoots out Flowers in the Shape of a Nofegay, of a whitifh yellow, and Some of them at the Top of that Sprout have fixty or eighty Flowers hanging down, not unlike the Flower de Luce, and after thofe Flowers follows a Fruit as long as a Man's Finger, and thicker than the Thumb, full of little Seeds, fo that there is fcarce any Thing but the Rhind fit to eat, the Tafte whereof is fweet and delicate. There are Abundance of creeping Vines pi„eSm and others, that run up the Bodies and to the Tops of Trees, which bear plenty of Grapes, flefhy and fharp, not to compare to the Deli cacy of ours in Europe; but we made Verjuice of them, which was very good in Sauce. Mul berry Trees are numerous along the Rivers, their Fruit is fmaller, but tweeter and more delicious than ours ; their Leaves are beautiful and large, which would be of good Ufe for feeding of Silkworms. The Plains are ftrew'd with a Sort of fmall Plants. Sorrel, the Leaf whereof is like Trefoil, and the Tafte of it fharp like ours. There are A- F bundance 66 Monjieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage Feb. 1686 bundance of Small Onions, no bigger than the {*rY>*J Top of a Man's Finger, but very well tafted, and when the Heat has Scorch'd up the Plains, that Plant Shoots out firft, and produces Flowers which look like an agreeable Enamel. Nothing is more beautiful than to behold those vaft Plains, when the Bloffoms appear; a thouSand Sorts of different Colours, whereof many have an agreeable Scent, adorn thofe Fields, and af ford a moft charming Object to the Eye. I have obferved fome that fmelt like a Tuberofe, but the Leaf refembles our Borage. I have feen Primrofes, having a Scent like ours, African Gilliflowers, and a Sort of purple wind Flowers. The Autumn Flowers are almoft all of them yellow, fo that the Plains look all of that Colour. The Climate is mild and temperate, tho' we were in about 27 Degrees of North Latitude, and yet the Seeds I caufed to be Sow'd did not thrive ; whether it was becauSe they had been Soak'd in the Sea Water, or for any other Rea fon. Some came up pretty well, as Pompions, Melons, ParSnips and Endive ; but the Beafts and the Infects, left us not much. When we come to the Cenis and have traverfs'd So many Nations as lay between us and them, I Shall fpeak of the Religion, Manners, Cloath- ing, Houfes and Cuftoms of the Natives, wher- in they differ but little from one another, tho' of feveral Countries. Monfieur de la Sale had been now long gone, and we began to be in Pain for him, when a- bout the Middle of March 1686, hapning to be on the Top of the Houfe, I fpied feven or eight Perfons coming towards us. I prefently order ed eight arm'd Men to follow me, to g° *-w>J »fe NORTH AMERICA. 67 go meet them; and as foon as we drew near March them, we knew Monfieur de la Sale, Monfieur 1I(^6_. Cavelier, his brother, Monfieur Moranget, his Nephew and five or fix Men with them, the reft being gone another Way to find out the Bark la Belle, to give Notice of Monfieur de la Sale's Arrival. They were in a bad Condition, their Cloaths Monfieur ragged, Monfieur Cavelier s fhort Caffock de la Sale hung in Tatters ; moft of them had not Hats, returns- and their Linen was no better; however the Sight of Monfieur de la Sale rejoyc'd us all. The Account he gave us of his Journey reviv'd our Hopes, tho' he had not found the fatal River, and we thought only of making ourfelves as merry as we could. Only the Sight of the Sieur Duhaut interrupted it for fome Time. Monfieur de la Sale ask'd me in an angry Man ner, why I had receiv'd him, and Duhaut hav ing given his Reafons, as I and my Men did, we were all fatisfy'd. The next Day, the Sieurs le Barbier, Bihorel, The Bark le Petit, Cavelier, the Nephew, the Surgeon la Belle and others, whom Monfieur de la Sale had fent Jt% to find out and carry Advice to the Bark la Belle, return'd, and faid they could not find her, which was another frefh Caufe of Much Uneafinefs to Monfieur de la Sale. He had been guilty of the Fault of putting aboard her, his Cloaths, his Linen, his Papers and all his beft Effects, of all which he was then in the utmoft Need. Be sides, that LoSs broke all the MeaSures he had concerted during his laft Expedition, becaufe he had reSolv'd to cauSe the Said Bark to go up one oS the Rivers he had difcover'd, to advance towards thofe Nations with whom he had F 2 con- 68 Mon/ieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage March contracted Some Friendship, and to Send me in iJsA*? \ the Same Bark, with his Nephew Moranget, to the Iflands to Seek for Some Afliftance, or elSe to return by Sea to look for his River. All thefe Defigns being difappointed, he re folv'd to fet out a fecond Time, and travel by Land, to find out his River. He flaid to reft him a while, and to provide for his Departure, but having neither Linen nor Cloaths, I fup ply'd him with fome I had; I alfo afforded fome Linen to Monfieur Cavelier, his Brother and Monfieur Moranget, his Nephew. All I had was at their Service, and I depriv'd myfelf of all that was fit for them, even to ten or twelve Pounds of Strings of Beads and fome Knives and Nails, which Monfieur de la Sale took. The Sieur Duhaut, having feveral Effects, as Linen, Hatchets and other Tools and Com modities, which had been fav'd from the Ship wreck, Monfieur de la Sale took Linen to make Shirts, for fuch as wanted, as alfo the Tools they ftood in Need of. The Cloaths belong ing to Meffieurs Thibault, le Gros and Carpentier, who were dead, were alfo distributed. A great Belt I had, Serv'd to make Shoes for Monfieur de la Sale and Monfieur Cavelier. All Things being thus provided, Monfieur Monfieur de la Sale took twenty Men along with him, de la Sale among whom were Monfieur Cavelier his Bro- fets out tjie ^ Anaftafius a Recolet, Monfieur Moran- therExpe- Sei his Nephew, the Sieurs Bihorel, le Clerk, Hu- dition. rier, Duhaut the younger, Hiens his Surgeon, and his Servants. He left behind thofe, who were not fit to undertake that fecond Journey, among whom were little Monfieur Cavelier his Nephew, the Sieur Barbier, Canadien and fome others. /«/« NORTH AMERICA. 69 others. Each of the Travellers made up his -Apr- 1686 Pack, and they fet out towards the latter End '"''"YXJ oi April 1686, after having given me the necef- fary Orders, and we parted without Ceremony, Monfieur de la Sale defiring it Should be So. Some Days after he was gone, I heard a Voice towards the lower Part of the River, crying twice Qui vive, or who are you for. I made that Way, and perceiv'd the Sieur Chede ville a Prieft, the Sieur de la Sablonniere, and fome others of thofe who had been put aboard the Bark la Belle, and were now in a Canoe. I ask'd abruptly what was become of the Bark, and was inform'd, our continual Misfortunes flill purfuing us, that it had run aground on the What was other Side of the Bay. I caufed the Canoe to faved °f be unloaded, there being in it, among other ; * * Things, Monfieur de la Sale's Cloaths, Part of his Papers, fome Linen, a fmall Quantity of Beads and thirty or forty Pound of Meal, which was all they had left. The next Day, Monfieur de Chedeville told How the me the Particulars of that Misfortune, and faid, Bark was That having been fome Time with the Bark, in A the Place where Monfieur de la Sale had ap pointed them to wait, their Water falling fhort, they had thought fit to fend the Boat afhore, with four or five Casks to fill ; that the Sieur Planterofe went in it with fix of the beft Men. That towards the Evening they faw the Boat coming back, but the Wind being contrary and Night coming on, they put out a Light, which going out and the Captain neglecting to put up another, in all Likelyhood the Boat could not fee the Bark, and they never heard of it after, F 3 nor 70 Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage May 1686 nor of any of thofe in it, who it was probable ^^^° had all perifh'd. That neverthelefs, they continued fome Days in the fame Place, during which Time three or four of their Men died ; and at laft, having no Water, they eat up their Swine, before they died with Thirft, and refolv'd to weigh Anchor and draw near to the Dwelling; but having few Hands and thofe fpent, and to add to their Misfortune the Wind proving contrary, they were drove to the other Side of the Bay, where they run aground. That having no Boat, nor Men enough to land their Effects, they had endeavour'd to make a Float with fome Casks and Planks, but that being ill made and join'd together, the firft that went upon it had perifh'd. That hav ing made another Float better faftned together than the firft, they had by that Means faved fome Sails and Rigging, feveral inconfiderable Things, Linen, Cloaths and Papers belonging to Monfieur de la Sale and others, and then flay'd Afhore, expecting to hear fome News, and had found a Canoe, being the fame that was before loft on the Edge of the Bay, which had been drove to the other Side ; and that Provi fions at laft beginning to fall fhort, they went aboard the faid Canoe and came to us ; fortu nate in that they had not been difcover'd by the Natives, during their Stay Afhore, which was for the Space of three Months, and in finding the Canoe to bring them back. When Monfieur de la Sale went away, the Sieur Barbier had taken upon him to go a hunt ing, as alfo to provide Bark to cover our Hou- Ses, inftead of Hides, becaufe the Sun drying and /s/fl NORTH AMERICA. 71 and contracting them, Part of the Top of our June 1686 Buildings was uncover'd. I farther enjoyn'd him *^VV) to cut Stakes, to make a Palifade about our Dwelling, and the Sieur Chedeville having told me they had bury'd feveral Things they could not bring away, I fent the Sieur Barbier with two Canoes and fifteen Men to the Place, where they found fome Pedreroes, Rigging and Sails. The Natives having difcover'd the Conceal ment, had taken away fome Pieces of Linen and Iron Tools, which they very much co vet. The Sieur Barbier after his Return, continu ing his Exercife of hunting, happen'd to meet with a Parcel of the Natives, fome of whom had Firelocks, which they had taken from our Encounter Men, and with which they made fome Shots at *""'* the him, but very weak; and he firing three or four Natives. Shot at them they retir'd. He was then in a Canoe on the River, and defign'd to have gone upwards ; but that Rancounter having oblig'd him to take another Way, and the Savages perceiving it, eight of them fwam over the Ri ver, haftening to get before the Canoe, hid themfelves among the Weeds, near the Way he was to pafs, and when he was near enough, let fly their Arrows, which wounded Several Men. One Shot the Sieur Barbier made, put them all to Flight again; he held on his Way and return'd to our Habitation. Some Days after, we perceiv'd a Herd of Bullocks flying, and gueSs'd they were purSu'd by the Savages, which afterwards appear'd to be true. Some of them drew near to our Ha bitation, but a Cannon Shot, I pointed towards the Gang of them, and a Musket-fhot Mon- F 4 fieur 72 June 1686 <-*~V\J The Sieur Barbier AccidentsconcerningtheRecolets Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage fieur Barbier fired at the neareft, made them all fly farther off. When the Sieur Barbier went out a Hunting, I commonly fent with him Some Women and Maids, to help the Hunters to dreSs and dry the FleSh; but being inform'd that he us'd to flip afide from the Company, with a young Maid he had a Kindnefs for, and which gave Occafion to fome well-grounded Railleries; the faid Barbier being told I was acquainted with that Affair, came and Spoke to me in pri vate, defining Leave to marry that young Wo man, I made fome Difficulty of it at firft, ad- vifing him to flay till Monfieur de la Sale re turn'd; but at laft, confidering they might have anticipated upon Matrimony, I took the Advice of the Recolet Fathers, and of Monfieur Chedeville the Prieft, and allowed them to mar ry. Monfieur le Marquis de la Sabloniere follow ing this Example, ask'd the fame Liberty, be ing in Love with a young Maid, which I abfo- lutely refus'd, and forbid them feeing one ano ther. Some Time pafs'd in which Nothing hap pen'd to us worth obferving; however, I will mention two Things which befell our Recolet Fathers. One was, That Father Anaftafius, being a hunting Bullocks with me, and coming too near one I had Shot, and was fallen, the Beaft, as much hurt as he was, ftarted up, at- tack'd and threw him down ; he had much ado to get off, and I to refcue him, becaufe I durft not Shoot for Fear of killing him. The Bul lock being weak, fell again ; the Father was de- liver'd, but lay ill fome Months. The other was, That Father Maximus had writ fome Me moirs Endeavours to oc- into NORTH AMERICA. 73 moirs concerning Monfieur de la Sale's Conduct, June 1686 condemning him upon feveral Occafions. I was *^VNJ told of it, found Means to get thofe Memoirs, threw them into the Fire, and fo the Father came off. About the Same Time, moft of our Men feeing Monfieur de la Sale did not return, began Du^aut to mutter. The Sieur Duhaut, who perhaps had been the firft Fomenter of thofe Difcontents, "fafwn a back'd the Complaints of the diSgufted Party, Mutiny promis'd them great Matters under his Con duit, and offer'd to Supply them with Such Ef fects as he had in Poffeffion, endeavouring, as I fuppofe, by thofe Means, to gain their Affecti ons, for a mifchievous Defign, which it is likely he had even then conceiv'd. It was not long before, I had Intimation of the whole Affair, and I had done Monfieur de la Sale a lingular Piece of Service, had I then put to Death the Perfon, who was to be his Murderer; but I relied fatisfy'd with giving him a fevere Reprimand, and threat' ning to caufe him to be fecur'd if he perfifted, being able to do no other under my prefent Circumftan- ces. However, I talk'd to all concern'd, and put them in fuch Hopes of Monfieur de la Sale's Return, and that Things would foon change to their Satisfaction, that they were all paci- fy'd. But in Regard, that Idlenefs often occafions Uneafinefs and Impatience, I us'd all poffible Means to keep them employ' d, in the moft o- bliging Manner I could, Setting fome to cut down the Bufhes about our Dwelling, others to hew down Trees, that hinder'd the ProSpect, o- thers mow'd the GraSs, that frefh might grow up 74 June 1686 M. de la Sale' j Dif coveries. His Return 7 Men loft and 4 de- fert. Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage up tor our Cattle, and at Night I made them divert themfelves with Dancing and Sing ing. Whilft we thus pafs'd away the Time the beft we could, Monfieur de la Sale had pene trated very far up into the Country, inclining towards the Northern Part of Mexico. He had travell'd through feveral Nations, the Inhabi tants whereof were, for the moft Part, Sociable, and had concluded a Sort of Alliance with them, and particularly with the Cenis and 0- thers whofe names I Shall mention. He had difcover'd charming Countries abounding in all Things that could be wifh'd, as well for Sufte- nance, as for making of eafy Settlements, and after he and his Nephew Moranget had efcap'd two Dangerous Sickneffes, he return'd to our Habitation, with five Horfes he had purchas'd, and arriv'd at it in Auguft 1686. Hearing of his Voice, I was one of the firft that ran towards the River: We took our Canoes to bring him, his Luggage and fome Pro vifions over, and the Horfes Swam. We were extraordinary glad to See our Commander in Chief return fate, tho' his Journey had not ad- vanc'd his Defign. Monfieur de la Sale had not found out his River, nor been towards the Iflinois as we had hoped. Only eight Men re turn'd with him of twenty he carry'd out, and all the vifible advantage of that Journey confifted in five Horfes, laden with Indian Wheat, Beans and fome other Grain, which was put into the Store. Monfr. de la Sale ask'd me, as foon as he came, whether the Sieurs Clerc, Hurie, Duhaut the younger and two others were come, becaufe they into NORTH AMERICA. 75 they not being able to endure the Fatigue of Sept. 1686 the Journey, he had given them Leave to •*--/'WJ return, and hearing they were not, he conclu ded the Savages had killed them. We were al fo inform'd, that the Sieur Bihorel, had ftray'd and was loft, fo that there had been no News of him fince; that one of Monfr. de la Sale's Servants had been dragg'd down to the Bot tom of the Water and devour'd by an Alli gator, and that four others had deferted and abandon'd Monfieur de la Sale, when he was about the Country of the Cenis. This was a very difmal and deplorable Ac- M. de la count ; but the even Temper of our Chief made Sale re- all Men eafy, and he found, by his great Vivacity ftlves fp- of Spirit, Expedients, which reviv'd the loweft <"g^tieJfion Ebb of Hope. He rejoiced at the Return and Sight of M. Chedeville, he was pleas'd at the Re covering of his Cloaths and Part of his Papers ; and after fome Time of Reft, he propos'd to undertake a Journey towards the Ifiinois, and to make it the main Bufinefs, by the Way, to find the Miffifipi; but it was thought proper to let the great Heats pafs, before that Enterprize was taken in Hand. In the mean Time, he gave Orders to flake about a Place to make a New Magazine, or Storehoufe. He put to that Use the Timber I had caus'd to be cut, and would have more pro vided for the fame Ufe. Detachments being fent to work, Seven or eight of our Men, who were fent with the Sieur Barbier, were difco ver'd by the Savages, who being fuperior in Number, made as if they would hem them in ; but each of our Men having taken a Tree up on their Shoulders and tir'd their Pieces, which made Two Men kill'd. 76 Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage oa. 1686 made one of the Natives drop, the others took "^^vXJ him up and withdrew. Yet it was not long be fore they were reveng'd, for they kill'd us two Men, one of them clofe by our Dwelling, and the other, who had feparated from the reft of the Company to gather Purflain, and could not be reliev'd. There being every Day fome DifcourSe of the Journey to the Ifiinois, Monfieur de la Sale ask'd me one Day, whether I would make one of the Company, and go by the Way of Canada to France for Succours. I affured him I was entirely devoted to his Will, and would faith fully attend him. Then he began by Degrees to provide what he thought neceffary for that Expedition. I had two Pair of Sheets, which he took, to make him Linen. Canvas Cloaths were made of the Sails of the Bark la Belle. The Sieur Duhaut having Linen, he took fome to diftribute among feveral Perfons. Thus he hailed on the Execution of his Defign, but an Accident put it off. Nov. 1686 It was occafion'd by a Flux which troubled Monfieur de la Sale, who having told me he could not perform that Journey, as long as he continued in fuch condition, I offer'd to under take it for him, if he would allow me his Indian, and about fifteen Men; but he anfwer'd, That his Pretence was requifite among the Ifiinois, and that it was requifite his Brother fhould go to France. Thus he refus'd my Offer, and could not fhun the ill Fate of that Journey. Dec. 1686 We fpent fome Time longer after this Man ner, during the which, there arofe a Contro versy about the Privileges the King grants to the Firft-born of the French Colonies in Ameri ca. into NORTH AMERICA. 77 ca. The Sieur Barbier' s wife was with Child, Jan. 1687 and he claim'd the Privilege granted for that "^VNJ Child. The Widow Talon had a Child born in the Paffage from France to America, and alledg'd, Contro,ver- that her Child, tho' born before our Arrival, % aboult ought to be preferr'd; but the Sieur Barbier 's Wife mifcarrying, the DiSpute was not de cided. Monfieur de la Sale being recover'd of his In- difpofition, Preparations were again made for his Journey; but we firft kept the Chriftmas Ho ly-Days. The Midnight Mafs was folemnly fung, and on Twelve-Day, we cry'd, The King drinks, {according to the Cuftom of France) tho' we had only Water: When that was over we began to think of fetting out. Monfieur de la Sale gave the Command of the Settlement to the Sieur Barbier, directing him what he was to do and obferve in his Abfence. There remain'd in that Habitation, the Fa- Who were thers Maximus and Zenobius, Recolets, Monfieur "ft *" the Chedeville, the Prieft, the Marquis de la Sablon- when M niere, the Sieur Barbier, Commander, his Wife, de ]a Sale a Surgeon and others, to the Number of twen- departed. ty, among whom were Seven Women, or Maids, and only the Sieur Barbier marry'd; which is much fhort of the Number fome have given out remain'd in the Dwelling, without any Ground ; for the Truth is, there were no more, and par ticularly no Natives, Monfieur de la Sale having abfolutely forbid holding any Communication with them. As for Beafts, they amounted to Seventy, or Seventy five Swine, great and Small, which was a good Stock; for Fowl, eighteen or twenty Hens; Some Casks of Meal, which was 78 Monjieur de la S A l e'j Second Voyage Jan. 1687 was kept for the Sick; Powder, Ball, and eight ^"^ Pieces of Cannon, without any Bullets. Perfons We fet out the 12th of January, in the that fet out Year 1687, being Seventeen in Number, viz witbM. de Monfieur de la Sale, Monfieur Cavelier, the Prieft, his Brother, Father Anaftafius, the Re colet, Meffieurs Moranget and Cavelier, Ne phews to Monfieur de la Sale, the Sieurs Du haut, the Elder, I'Arcleveque, Hiens, Liotot, Surgeon, young Talon, an Indian, and a Foot man belonging to Monfieur de la Sale, &c. We carried along with us Part of the belt Things every Man had, and what was thought would be of Ufe, wherewith the five Horfes were loaded, and we took our Leaves with fo much Tenderness and Sorrow, as if we had all prefaged, that we fhould never fee each other more. Father Zenobius was the Perfon who exprefs'd it to me moft fignifi- cantly, faying, He had never been fo fenfi- bly touch' d at parting with any Body. The Way We went that Day to the Place we call'd they tra- /e Boucon, becaufe there, we had often dry'd ven a. Flefh, {which the French call Boucanner from the Indian Word) This Place was not far from our Habitation. The 13th, we crofs'd a Plain, about two Leagues over, where we faw feve ral Herds of Beeves and Flocks of Goats, Tur keys, Buftards, and other Sorts of Wild Fowl. We met with Marfhy Lands, which tired our Horfes, and came to a Wood that termi nates the Plain, across which, runs a Branch of a River, full of Reeds, by Monfieur de la Sale call'd the Princefs's River. That Branch joins the other, and they both fell together into the Bay of St. Lewis. We to NORTH AMERICA. 79 We kill'd five Beeves at the Entrance into Jan. 1687 the Wood, forded the River, and incamp'd t/VVJ Half a League beyond it, whence Monfieur de la Sale fent Men with the Horfes, to bring the Flefh of the Bullocks we had kill'd; the Hides of them, which ferv'd to cover us, being very ufeful againft a violent Shower of Rain that fell. The 14th, the Rain ceafing, we travell'd o- ver another fpacious Plain, where there is a Multitude of Beeves and Wild Fowl. We faw feveral Tracks, leading every Way, made by the Bullocks, of which we faw feveral Herds, fome moving on haftily, and others running out-right, which made us fuppofe they were drove by the Natives. In fhort, having halted to help up one of our Horfes that was fallen, we faw an Indian following them very clofe. Monfieur de la Sale caus'd a Horfe to be immediately unloaded, which a Man mount ing, rode after, overtook and brought the Indian. When the Savage faw himfelf among us, he concluded he was a loft Man, he quak'd for Fear, and not without Reafon, for moft of our Men had refolv'd to kill him ; Monfieur de la Sale oppos'd it, alledging, that we were but a fmall Number, that very few were left behind at the Habitation, and therefore we ought not to render our Selves odious to the Natives, but to use them kindly, that we might have Peace; an infallible Maxim, the Practice of which might have been fortunate to him, had he fol low'd it Sooner. He 8o Jan. 1687 Natives entertain' d Monfieur de la S a l e'j* Second Voyage He therefore caus'd a Fire to be made, gave him to Eat and Smoke, and afterwards a Bit of Roll-Tabacco, and fome other Trifles. Mon fieur de la Sale gave him to underftand, that he came not to hurt any Man, but to fettle Peace in all Places, and So diSmiSs'd him. The Indian recover'd himSelf a little of his Fright; but being flill dubious, what his Fate might be, he at firft walk'd away gently, ftill looking about him, and when at a good Diftance, made off as faft as he could. We held on our Way, and foon after faw another Indian running after the Bullocks. Monfieur de la Sale caus'd him to be taken, brought to us, and treated as the firft had been. We had not gone far before we fpy'd a Com pany of Natives coming towards us, on our left, but we held on our Way, till they were over againft us, when Monfieur de la Sale caus'd us to halt. The Savages feeing us halt, flood Still alfo, which Monfieur de la Sale perceiving, he laid his Firelock on the Ground, and advanc'd towards them, making figns to him that Com manded them, who was a handfome Man, to draw near. That Indian came forward, and was follow'd by the reft, all of them Caref- fing us after their Manner, which we return'd the beft we were able, and then made them Smoak. Next Monfieur de la Sale gave them to un derftand, that we were going towards the Cenis, that we defir'd to be at Peace with them all, and that we would return to our own Country, whence we would bring them all they had Oc cafion for. Then we diftributed among them fome Bits of Roll-Tabacco, fome Strings of Beads m/« NORTH AMERICA. 81 Beads and Knives, which they feem'd to be Jan. 1687 pleas'd with, and all this was done by Signs. (>*^ Then every Man went his own Way: We advanc'd half a League farther, to get into a Wood, where Monfieur de la Sale had en camp'd when he went that Way before; we cut down Trees to Secure our Poll, and lay there that Night. Before our Intrenchment was finifh'd, we dif cover'd, firft one Indian, then two, and after wards three, coming one after another; which giving Monfieur de la Sale fome JealouSy, he caus'd us to handle our Arms, with Orders to ftand upon our Guard, for fear of being fur- priz'd, and went towards them. They figni- fy'd to him, that their People had told them, we did not hurt any Body, which was very well, and that they were come to fee us. They were entertain'd as the others had been, and then Signs were made them to withdraw, becaufe Night drew on, and having obferv'd, that they took Notice of our fortifying our Selves, we kept a good Guard all the Night, without any Difturbance. The Fifteenth, we march'd on, intending to find out a Ford, in the River call'd of the Princefs, where Monfieur de la Sale had pafs'd before; but miffing of it, and the River being fwollen, we were oblig'd to go up higher, fometimes croffing curious Meadows, and fometimes Woods of tall Trees of feveral Sorts, but all a fine Young of the fame Thicknefs and ftrait, look- Country. ing as if they had been planted by a Line. The River running through the midfl of thofe curi ous fhady Groves, which were alfo water' d by G feveral 82 Jan. 1687 *-VV\J Thick Woods. Wild Fowl. An Indian Village a- bandon' d. Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage feveral little Brooks of very clear and good Water, afforded a moft delightful Landskip. We alfo met with fome Woods fo thick, that that it was requisite to hew a Paffage for the Horfes. Towards the Evening we kill'd a Bullock, and went to incamp in a little Cop pice, with our ufual Precautions. The 1 6th, we continued our Journey, (till following the River upwards, and from Time to Time meeting the fame Sort of Pafture Grounds and the Obftacles of Woods, where we were fain to cut our Way through, which fatigued us very much ; but the Plenty of wild Fowl, and particularly of Turkeys, whereof we killed many, was an Eafe to our Sufferings, and Help to bear our Toil with more Satif- faction. The 17 th, was a very toilfome Day's Journey, by Reafon of the Woods and Rivulets we were to crofs; after which we came to a little Hill, on which there were 2 or 300 Cottages of the Natives. Those Huts were like large Ovens, confifling of long Poles fluck in the Earth in a Circle, and joyning above to make the Dome or round Top. They had been a Dwelling of the Natives, who being gone, had carry'd a- way the Hides that cover'd them, and the Mats which are us'd to hang the Infides, and to make their beds of. After a March of fome Hours, our Indian ha ving found a Herd of Beeves, we kill'd feven or eight, took the beft of the Meat, and held on our Way acrofs a Wood. We ford'd a Branch of the River, and proceeded to the Bank of another, the Bottom whereof being foul, we in camp'd on the Edge of it, and the Rain falling at into NORTH AMERICA. 83 at Night and continuing all the next Day, were Jan- 1687 oblig'd to flay there. "' <^V>J The 19th, the Rain ceafing, we proceeded through a thick Fog, and over Places where the Water was often up to our Knees, and fometimes higher; which, together with our being forc'd to cut the Way athwart the Bufhes, with our Hatchets, gave us inexpreffible Trou ble, and it had been much greater, had we not reSolv'd to follow the Ways beaten by the Bullocks, whom a natural Inftinct always leads to those Parts which are eafiest to pafs. We were not free from another Inconveni- ency in thofe Tracks, which was their being full of Water and very rugged, a Thing no Wav agreeable to our Shoes, which were no us l"s.f other than a Piece of Bullocks Hide or Goats jnaegj 0f Skin quite green, whereof we made a sort of shoes. Buskins, to ferve inftead of Shoes, but when thofe wretch'd Boots were dry'd by the Heat, upon our Feet, they hurt us very much, and we were often oblig'd to fet our Feet in the Water to foften thofe Buskins. However, we march'd all the Day, notwithftanding all thofe Inconveniences, without finding a proper Place to incamp, and at laft came to a River, whofe high Bank afforded us a Spot to reft on. The 20th, a fmall Rain did not obftruct our March, and having crofs'd a Wood, half a League athwart, and a Marfh of the fame Ex tent, we came into a large Plain, cut acrofs by great Tracks of Bullocks, which went towards the River, and made us fuppofe there might be a Ford. We follow'd that Way, but found the River fo fwollen, and its Stream fo rapid, that it was impoffible to crofs it, but were o- G 2 blig'd 84 Jan. 1687 Hebaha- rao, Indi an Nation. that River, and near which we it fall fo as to Monfieur de la Sale'; Second Voyage blig'd to halt upon its Bank, whence we went to hunt Bullocks, whereof we had no want, nor of Turkeys and other wild Fowl. The 2 1 th, we proceeded up found a narrow deep Place, hew'd down a Tree, making reach from the one Bank to the other, in the Nature of a Plank, and handed our Baggage from one to another over it. The Horfes fwam over and we incamp'd on the other Side, near a very beautiful Plain. Whilft we were hewing down fome little Wood to intrench ourSelves, we heard a Voice, whereupon handling our Arms and going to the Place where we heard it, we Saw a Company of fifteen Savages, who were coming towards us, and made Signs to us to go to them, laying down their Bows, in Token of Peace. We alfo made our Sign to them to draw near, they did fo and carefs'd us after their Manner. We made them fit down and fmoke, after which, Monfr. de la Sale began to converfe with them by Signs, and by Help of fome Words of the Language of the Cenis, which he was skilful in, he underftood, that thefe were their Neighbours and Allies; that their Village was not far off, and that their Nation was call'd Hebahamo. Some fmall Presents were given them, and they withdrew, promifing to return the next Day. The 22th, our Horses being fpent and hurt, and we much tir'd, the Day was given to Reft, and the Natives did not fail to come, being twenty five in Number, fome of whom had Buck lers or Targets made of the ftrongft Part of the Bullocks Hides. They gave us to underftand, that they were ingag'd in War towards the NW. and «ft NORTH AMERICA. 85 and told us, they had feen Men like us, who Jan. 1687 were but ten Days Journey from that Place. <*r^ Other Tokens they gave, made us fuppofe it was New Spain that they talk'd of. Monfr. de la Sale took feveral Words of their Language, which is very different from that of the Cenis, and more difficult. As for their Cu- ftoms,they are much alike. In fine, having fhewn us, that towards the N. W. we fhould meet with Plains, where the Way would be eafier, and we fhould fhun the Woods, we gave them to eat, and fome Prefents, and they took Leave of us. A Rain falling and holding all the Night, we did not march the 24th. The 25th, we travell'd not far, by Reafon of the Rains continuing, and that there were feveral Rivers in the Way much fwollen. The 1 6th, we proceeded on our Journey, and came to the River call'd la Sabloniere, from the many Sand Banks there are in it. The 27th, de parting from it, we came to another little nar row River, but very deep ; going up higher we found a Ford, and went to incamp beyond it, in a little Wood, where we had a very bad Night, becaufe of the Rain which fell again, and the o- verflowingof the River, which oblig'd us to make a little Sort of Scaffold, to lay our Powder and Cloaths on, that they might not be wet. The next Day being the 28 th, obferving that the Water was flill rifing, we decamp'd to go a League farther, to a higher Ground, where we made a great Fire to warm and dry us. We took Notice the Country was very good, the Plains extending as far as the Eye could reach, and adorn'd with many little Coppices, affording a very agreeable Profpect. We march'd over Part of them the 29th and 30th, after 3 Hours G 3 Travel, 86 Feb. 1687 ¦WVJ Village in habited. Monfieur de la S ale'j* Second Voyage Travel, found a Way full of Water, which oblig'd us to incampon the Bank of a River; pafs'd it the 31th, and incamp'd in a Wood clofe by. The next Day, being the Firft of February 1687, Monfieur de la Sale left me to guard the Camp, and took along with him, Monfieur Ca velier his Brother and Seven Men, to go fee whether he could find any Body in feveral Cot tages our Hunters had difcover'd. He found twenty four or twenty five of them, built round like thofe I have before mention'd, Handing on a rifing Ground, almoft encompafs'd by the River, in each of which there were four or five Men, and feveral Women and Children. The Savages were Somewhat Surpriz'd at Monfieur de la Sale's coming; however they receiv'd him in friendly Manner, and conduct ed him to their Commander's Hut, which was immediately fill'd with People, who came to fee him. The Elders came together there, Bul locks Hides were laid upon the Ground, on which they made Monfieur de la Sale and his Company fit. They gave them hung Beef to eat, and then fignify'd to them that fome of their Allies had given them Notice of our being in the Country, and that we were going to the Cenis, and they had imagin'd that we would pafs thro' their Country. Monfieur de la Sale prefent'd them with fome Knives and Bits of Tabacco, and they gave him Bullocks Hides, very well drefs'd with the Hair, they gave one for a Knife, and would have gi ven many more, but that we told to them, that we had no Conveniency to carry them and that if they had any Horfes, he would give them Axes in Exchange. They anfwer'd, they had but two, which they could not part with. O^VNJ la Ma- into NORTH AMERICA. 87 It being late when Monfieur de la Sale return'd, Feb^ 1687 we ftaid there the reft of the Day, and feveral Indians came to fee us, in Hopes of receiving fome Prefent, offering us Bullocks Hides dreffed, which we would not burden our Selves with. The Second, we Set out again, and halted Some Time in that Village, where by the Way we barter'd for Some Collars, or a Sort of Knots made of Bullocks Hides well drefs'd, which the Natives make USe of to carry their Burdens, whether of Wood, Utenfils, or the Meat they kill. They prov'd of Ufe both to us and our Horfes, becaufe the Thongs of thofe Collars ferv'd to make fafl our Burdens. We proceeded on our Journey, through a Country pleasant enough, but Sandy, and hav ing croSs'd a large Plain, came to the Bank of ^e a fine River, call'd la Maligne, or the Mifchie- vous, becaufe in Monfieur de la Sale's former Journey, an Alligator devour'd one of his Ser vants, who was fwimming over it. This River is as wide as the Seine at Roan, Seems to be very navigable and has a very pleafant Country a- bout it. We incamp'd in a little Wood adjoin ing to it, and bark'd the ASpen Trees to hut. Our Hunters kill'd Beeves, wild Goats, Tur keys and other Wild-Fowl, and among the Indian reft fome Creatures as big as an indifferent Cat, Rats. very like a Rat, having a Bag under their Throat, in which they carry their Young. They feed upon Nuts and Acorns, are very fat, and their Flefh is much like Pig. Hard by there, we found a Place where Monfieur de la Sale, in his former Journey had hid fome Parcels of Strings of Beads in the Trunks of Trees, and we refted there till the Eighth of the Month. During that Time, no G 4 Day 88 Monfieur de la Sale'i Second Voyage Feb. 1687 Day pafs'd without feeing fome of the Natives, \r*\2 wh0 Sometimes Spent the whole Day with us, and Said they were of Several Nations. We made them Smoke, and always gave them Some Small PreSents. They admir'd that after we had writ down fome Words they Spoke to us, we repeated them, looking on the Paper. Portable Whilft we ftaid, Monfieur de la Sale Set Men Canoe, at Work to make a portable Canoe, of long Poles, hew'd and joyn'd and then cover'd with Bullocks Hides few'd together, having pull'd off the Hair or Wooll, as it may be call'd there. That Canoe was of great Ufe to us, to crofs Rivers as well for our Selves as for our Bag gage, but the Horfes fwam over. The Ninth, we put our Canoe into the Water, and pafs'd the River in it, and incamp'd half a League from thence, on Account of the Grafs, which our Horfes ftood in Need of to recover themfelves a little. The Tenth, we held on our Journey, crofting feveral fpacious Plains, the Grafs whereof was burnt, whence Monfieur de la Sale concluded, that there were many Na tives thereabouts. He thought it convenient to provide Store of dry'd Flefh, for Fear we fhould not find Game in the Country we were going to enter upon, and accordingly caufed feveral Beeves to be kill'd for that Purpofe. For that Reafon, we continued there till the 1 2th, when we went and incamped on the Bank of a River, which Monfieur de la Sale had in his former Journey call'd d'Eure. At Night there arofe a florm, follow'd by Thunder and Rain, which fwell'd the Streams, and obliged us to flay there. The 13 th and 14th we crofs'd four or five large Rivulets, and then a fine curious into NORTH AMERICA. curious Country, diverfify'd with feveral little Woods, Hills and fmall Brooks, affording a de lightful Profpect. That pleafant Country was terminated by a Wood, which we were to crofs, and were favour'd in it by a Way beaten by the Bullocks, and at Night we incamped there. The 15th, we travel'd along a fine Meadow, then over Plains that had been burnt, and at Night went to take our Reft on the Bank of a fmall Rivulet, about which we faw feveral Foot- fleps of Natives, which made us conclude we were not far from them; and therefore we doubled our Guard, to prevent being furpriz'd. The 1 6th, Monfieur de la Sale left me at the Guard of the Camp, and took Monfieur Cave lier his Brother, and Seven Men with him, to go find out the Indians. They had not gone half a League before they fpied Horfes and a Number of Cottages, without being themfelves feen by the Savages. That Village ftood on the Side of a Hill, and contain'd about forty Huts, (landing together, befides feveral others drag gling- When Monfieur de la Sale enter'd the Village, the Savages feeing him, came to meet and con duct him to the Cottage of their Chief, where he and his Company were feated on Bullocks Hides. The Elders being come, he fignify'd to them the Occafion of his Coming, as he had done to the other Nations, with which they feem'd to reft fatisfy'd. Some Prefents were made them, according to Cuftom, and they of- fer'd him a Quantity of Hides, which he re- fus'd, telling them, that when he return'd from the Cenis he would trade with, and furnifh them with all they had Occafion for. They confirm'd what 89 Feb. 1687 A Village. Monfieur de la Sale well re ceiv'd by the Na tives. 90 Monfieur de la S a l e's Second Voyage Feb. 1687 what the others had told us, concerning a Na- "^VVJ tion, where fome of them had been, the Men whereof were like us, meaning the Spaniards. He nam'd to them the Nations we had pafs'd through from our Dwelling of St Lewis, to the River Maligne, which we had lately pafs'd. The Names of thofe Nations are as follows. Names of The Spicheats, Kabayes, Thecamons, Theaure- Nattons met$, Kiahoba, Choumenes, Kouans, Arhan, Ene- piahe, Ahonerhopiheim, Korenkake, Korkone, Omea- ojfe, Keremen, Ahehoen, Maghai, Thecamenes, Oten- marhem, Kavagan and Meracouman. Thefe are the Nations that lay on our Road; those on the Weft and North Weft of the faid River were the Kannehonan, Tohaka, Pehir, Coyabegux, Ona- pien, Pichar, Tohan, Kiaffes, Chanzes, Tfera, Bo- crettes, Tfepehoen, Fercouteha, Panego, Petao, Pet- zares, Peifacho, Peihoum and Orcampion. Thofe we were with then, were call'd Teao, whom we had not before hear'd nam'd. They talk'd of a great Nation call'd Ayona and Cano- hatino, who were at War with the Spaniards, from whom they flole Horfes, and told us, that one hundred Spaniards were to have come to join the Cenis, to carry on that War, but that ha ving heard of our March, they went back. Monfieur de la Sale gave them to underftand, that we were at War with the Spaniards, and that we fear'd them not; and that he was fent on their Account by the great Captain of the World, who had charg'd him to do them all Good, and to affift them in their Wars againft fuch Nations as were their Enemies. Thofe Savages gave Monfieur de la Sale No tice, that he would find three of our Men a- mong the Cenis, which put him in Hopes they were to NORTH AMERICA. 91 were thofe he had given Leave to depart at his Feb. 1687 former Journey, and of whom he had never fince t,-'W) heard. He propos'd to them to barter for Horfes; but they had caus'd them to be con vey'd out of the Way, for Fear we fhould take them away, excepting only one Bay, which Monfieur de la Sale agreed for and return'd to us. The 17th, we pafs'd a fmall River, with fome Difficulty, and incamp'd beyond it. The 18th, one of our Horfes going along the Edge of an upright Bank, fell into the Water, and came off with only a Hurt on the Shoulder; but we were fain to unload him, and distribute his Bur den among us, every one making a Pack ; and thus we croSs'd a curious Plain, diverfify'd with Woods, Hills, Rivulets, and delightful Mea dows. The 19th, we travell'd along the Tops of thofe Hills, to avoid the Bottoms, and found a Difficulty to get down, by Reafon of the Rocks we met with at the End of them, and a River we were to crofs. Whilft we were paffing that River, we heard Dogs hunting the Bul locks, two of which coming near us, one of them was fhot dead. The Natives who were hunting fpying us, fent out two of their Number, who creeping from Tree to Tree, drew near, and then ftood ftill, without daring to proceed any farther. We made Signs to them to come, which they did, and we made them fmoke, till Monfieur de la Sale return'd, being gone a little Way to obferve the Body of thofe People. When come, he told them, he would enter tain Peace with them, that we were going to the 92 Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage Feb. 1687 the Cenis, and he believ'd, that thefe very Men <^V^' were of their Nation, becaufe they had their Accent and fome of their Words. They told him their Village was near that Place, and bore us Company to our Camp, where after fome fmall Prefents given them, they were dif mifs'd. Account The 20th, Monfieur de la Sale fent Monfieur given by a Moranget and fome others to the Village of Native. thofe Natives, to try whether they could bar ter with them for fome Horfes. In the mean Time two Savages came to us, one of them be ing the fame that was with us the Night before, and they exprefs'd much Friendship Sor us. That particular Indian told us, his name was Pala- quechaune, that they were Allies to the Cenis, that their Chief had been among the Choumans, with the Spaniards; that the Choumans were Friends to the Spaniards, from whom they got Horfes, and added fome farther Particulars, which the others had before fignify'd to us ; fo that we had good Reafon to judge we were not far from North Mexico. He alfo told us, that the Choumans had given their Chief fome Prefents, to perfwade him to conduct us to them ; that moft of the faid Na tion had flat Heads ; that they had Indian Corn, which gave Monfieur de la Sale Ground to be lieve, that thofe People were fome of the fame he had feen upon his firft Difcovery. That fame Native had a very fine Goat's Skin, which I purchas'd of him for four Needles, after I had fhewn him how to ufe them, and that Skin was of good Ufe to make us Shoes inftead of raw Bullocks Hides. Some into NORTH AMERICA. 93 Some Time after, Monfieur Moranget re- Feb. 1687 turn'd, gave Monfieur de la Sale an Account of -AV his fhort Journey, and faid, That one of the Natives, who faw us the Night before, came to M- ^°" meet and conduct him to the Chief's Cottage, ™f^n) where forty Ancient Indians were, by whom he had been kindly receiv'd. That the Chief had in his Hand a Reed, at the end whereof was made faft a Leaf of a French Book, which he had an extraordinary Refpect for. That they had been made to fit on Bullocks Hides, and treated with dry'd Beef. That after thefe firft Ceremonies, the Chief had given them to under ftand, that fome of their People had been conducted by a Man like us, to our Habitation, and that the faid Man had promis'd to bring them to talk with us, in order to treat of Peace; but that on the Con trary, we had fired on them and kill'd one of their Men, which had oblig'd them to kill the Man that led them, and that then they re turn'd. It is not improper here to put the Rea der in Mind, that I have before mention'd this Accident, when the Sieur Barbier crofting the River in a Canoe, was call'd upon by fome Per fon, who was among the Natives on the Bank of the River, who had made two Shots, as it had been only the Priming of a Piece, which the Sieur Barbier had look'd upon as an Infult, and therefore he had alfo tir'd, with all the o- ther Particulars, as mention'd before; an Acci dent that happen'd for want of underfiand ing one another; which, together with Monfr. de la Sale's forbidding us to have any Commu nication with the Natives, was very prejudici al to us afterwards. After 94 Feb. 1687 Monfieur de la Saie'j Second Voyage After much other DifcourSe, Monfieur Mo ranget having given them fome fmall Prefents, they made their return in Bullocks Hides, and Goats Skins well drefs'd. He ask'd them for fome Horfes to barter; they anfwer'd, they had no more than what they ftood in Need of. We immediately proceeded on our Journey, and that day being the 21ft, went to incamp at the Edge of a Wood. The 2 2d, we went up to an Eminence ter minated by a Rock, at the Foot whereof ran a little River, the bottom whereof was all of flat Rocks, fit for Building. Thence we defcry'd two Natives driving of Bullocks, which made us ftand upon our Guard, and it appear'd to be our Indian, who had met another, with whom he had been acquainted among the Cenis, and whom he had brought along with him. Monfieur de la Sale was very glad to fee him, and remember'd he was one of thofe of whom Men heard he had purchas'd a Horfe. He ask'd feveral Queftions of him, and among the reft, whether he had not feen the four Men who deferted in his former Journey, or heard any Talk of the others, to whom he had given Leave to return to our Dwelling. He anfwer'd, he had feen one among the Cenis, and two others among the Affonis; but that he had not heard of any more, and that they must needs be dead; as alfo the Sieur Bihorel, who was likewife men tion'd to him. He further told us, that there were four or five Cottages thereabouts, in which about Fif teen Men refided. At Night he went away. Our Indian had kill'd a Cow at a great Diftance and fhot her quite through, at which the other, who Three loft French oft into NORTH AMERICA. 95 who had been an Eye Witnels to it, ftood a Feb. 1687 long Time amaz'd, without fpeaking one '**'rYNJ Word, admiring the Effect of our Pieces. That Cow was fent for, and the Flefh brought to our Camp. The 23d, we pafs'd by the Cottages we had been told of, where the Natives were with their Wives and Children. Monfr. de la Sale caus'd us to halt in the Village. We were well receiv'd, they prefented us with dry'd Beef, and we return'd it in fome Knives. We faw two Horfes, one of them a little grey, indifferent handfome. They told us they would foon de part that Place, to go join their Companions, who were in War with their Enemies. The reft of our Men being come up, we went on to incamp a League from thence, on the Bank of a Rivulet, and at the Foot of one of the higheft Mountains in the Country. Unloading our Horfes, we perceiv'd there wanted a large Axe, which Serv'd us for hew ing down of Trees. Monfieur de la Sale fent his Indian to demand it, at the Village we came from laft, the Savages faid they had not feen it, and it was loft. He brought back Word, that the Savages had told him, that if we would flay for them, they would go along with, and fhew us the Way. However, we went on the 24th, and in camp'd on the Edge of a Marfh. The 25th, the Rain hinder'd us from Marching. The 26th, Monfieur de la Sale perceiving how diffi cult and dangerous it was to crofs that Marfh, fent his Indian to the others, to know whether they really defign'd to go with us. They an fwer'd, we muft return thither to join them. The 96 Monjieur de la Sale'j- Second Voyage Mar. 1687 The 27th. we decamp' d, in order to it ; but took *S*/\J another Way to go meet the Indians. The 28th. we faw them marching at a Diftance. One of them was detach'd to come tell us, that he would fhew us the Way to crofs the Marfh, and we went on and incamp'd at the Foot of the high Mountain I have fpoken of. The firft of March, we join'd the Indians, on the Edge of the Marfh, which we had juft crofs'd, where the Rains kept us till the Fifth, during which Time we went to find out where we might pass a rapid Torrent, that difcharges it felf into the River call'd of Canoes, which we pafs'd the 6th, in the Canoe we had made, and which did us good Service, to pafs other Rivers we met with the 7th and the 8th on our Way. River of The 9th, we did not ftir, becaufe of the Rain. Canoes. The i oth, incamp'd on the Bank of a fmall Ri ver, which we crofs'd the nth, and the fame Day another River, and incamp'd on the Bank of it, and found it adorn'd with very fine Mulberry Trees. The 12th we crofs'd an other River, and incamp'd near it. The 13th, came again to the River of Canoes, so call'd by Monfieur de la Sale, becaufe he the firft Time put Canoes into it, at his former Journey. We pafs'd it the 14th, and incamp'd on the other Side where we again join'd the Indians. The 1 5th, we held on our Journey with them, and found a pleafanter Country than that we had pafs'd thro'; and Monfieur de la Sale having in his former Journey hid fome Indian Wheat Provifions and Beans, two or three Leagues from that hidfpoilt. Place, and our Provifions beginning to fall fhort, it was thought fit to go to that Place. Accor dingly he order'd the Sieurs Duhaut, Hiens, Lio- tot into NORTH AMERICA. tot the Surgeon, his own Indian, and his Foot man, whofe Name was Saget, who were follow ed by fome Natives, to go to the Place he de- Scribed to them, where they found all rotten and quite fpoilt. The 1 6, in their Return, they met with two Bullocks, which Monfieur de la Sale's Indian kill'd, whereupon they fent back his Footman, to give him Notice of what they had kill'd, that if he would have the Flefh dry'd, he might fend Horfes for it. The 17th, Monfieur de la Sale had the Horfes taken up, and order'd the Sieurs Moranget and de Male and his Footman, to go for that Meat, and fend back a Horfe Load immediately, till the reft was dry'd. Monfieur Moranget, when he came thither, found they had fmoak'd both the Beeves, tho' they were not dry enough ; and the faid Sieurs Liotot, Hiens, Duhaut and the reft had laid afide the Marrow-Bones and others to roaft them, and eat the flesh that remain'd on them, as was ufual to do. The Sieur Moranget found fault with it, he in a Paffion feiz'd not only the Flefh that was Smoak'd and dry'd, but alSo the Bones, without giving them any Thing; but on the contrary, threatning they fhould not eat So much of it, as they had imagin'd, and that he would manage that Flefh after another Manner. This paffionate Behaviour, fo much out of Seafon, and contrary to Reafon and Cuftom, touch'd the Surgeon Liotot, Heins and Duhaut to the Quick, they having other CauSes of Com plaint againft Moranget. They withdrew, and refolv'd together upon a bloody Revenge ; they agreed upon the Manner of it, and concluded they would murder the Sieur Moranget, Mon ti fieur 97 Mar. 1687 Difcontent occafion' d by Monfr. Moran get. Confpiracy to murder Monfr. de la Sale. 98 Mar. 1687 Bloody Murderers. Confult to murder Monfr. de la Sale. Monfieur de la Sale'i Second Voyage fieur de la Sale's Footman and his Indian, becaufe he was very faithful to him. They waited till Night, when thofe unfortu nate Creatures had fupp'd and were afleep. Liotot the Surgeon was the inhuman Executioner, he took an Ax, began by the Sieur Moranget, giving him many Strokes on the Head; the fame he did by the Footman and the Indian, killing them on the Spot, whilft his Fellow Villains, viz. Duhaut, Hiens, TeiJJier and Lar- cheveque ftood upon their Guard, with their Arms, to fire upon fuch as fhould make any Re- fiftance. The Indian and the Footman never flir'd, but the Sieur Moranget had fo much Vi gour as to fit up, but without being able to fpeak one Word, and the Affafins obliged the Sieur de Marie to make an End of him, tho' he was not in the Confpiracy. This Slaughter had yet fatisfy'd but one Part of the Revenge of thofe Murderers. To finifh it and fecure themfelves it was requifite to de- flroy the Commander in Chief. They confult- ed about the fafeft Method to effect it, and refolve to go together to Monfieur de la Sale, to knock out the Brains of the moft refo- lute immediately, and then it would be eafier to overcome the reft. But the River, which was between them and us, being much fwollen, the Difficulty of paffing it made them put it off the 1 8th and 19th. On the other Hand Monfieur de la Sale was very uneafy, on Account of their long Stay. His Impatience made him refolve to go himfelf to find out his People and to know the Caufe of it. This was not done without many previous Tokens of Concern, and Apprehenfion. He feem'd into NORTH AMERICA. 99 Seem'd to have Some PreSage of his Misfortune, Mar. 1687 enquiring of fome, whether the Sieur Liotot, t*w''W) Hiens and Duhaut had not exprefs'd fome Dis content ; and not hearing any Thing of it, he He &oe* t0 could not forbear Setting out the 20th, with feei Father Anaftafius and an Indian, leaving me the Command in his AbSence, and charging me from Time to Time to go the Rounds about our Camp, to prevent being furpriz'd, and to make a Smoke for him to direct his Way in Cafe of Need. When he came near the Dwelling of the Murderers, looking out fharp to difcover fomething, he obferved Eagles fluttering about a Spot, not far from them, which made him believe they had found fome Carrion about the Manfion, and he fired a Shot, which was the Signal of his Death and forwarded it. The Confpirators hearing the Shot, conclu ded it was Monfieur de la Sale, who was come to feek them. They made ready their Arms and provided to furprize him. Duhaut paffed the River, with Larcheveque. The firft of them fpying Monfieur de la Sale at a Diftance, as he was coming towards them, ad vane' d and hid himfelf among the high Weeds, to wait his paffing by, fo that Monfieur de la Sale fufpecting nothing, and having not fo much as charg'd his Piece again, faw the aforefaid Larcheveque at a good Diftance from him, and immediately ask'd for his Nephew Moranget, to which Larcheveque anfwer'd, That he was along the River. At . the fame Time the Traitor Duhaut fired his ^er'd. Piece and fhot Monfr. de la Sale thro' the Head, fo that he dropp'd down dead on the Spot, without fpeaking one Word. H 2 Father IOO Mar. 1687 His Cha- raaer. Barbaritytowards the dead Body. Monfieur de la Sale'j Second Voyage Father Anaftafius, who was then by his Side, ftood ftock ftill in a Fright, expecting the fame Fate, and not knowing whether he fhould go forwards or backwards ; but the Murderer Duhaut put him out of that Dread, bidding him not to fear, for no Hurt was intended him; that it was Defpair that had prevail'd with him to do what he faw; that he had long defir'd to be revenged on Moranget, becaufe he had defign'd to ruin him, and that he was partly the Occafion of his Uncle's Death. This is the exact Relation of that Murder, as it was pre sently after told me by F. Anaftafius. Such was the unfortunate End of Monfieur de la Sale's Life, at a Time when he might en tertain the greateft Hopes, as the Reward of his Labours. He had a Capacity and Talent to make his Enterprize fuccefsful ; his Conftancy and Courage and his extraordinary Knowledge in Arts and Sciences, which render' d him fit for any Thing, together with an indefatigable Body, which made him furmount all Difficulties, would have procur'd a glorious Iffue to his Un dertaking, had not all thofe excellent Qualities been counterbalanced by too haughty a Beha viour, which fometimes made him infupporta- ble, and by a Rigidnefs towards thofe that were under his Command, which at lad drew on him an implacable Hatred, and was the Oc cafion of his Death. The Shot which had kill'd Monfieur de la Sale, was alfo a Signal of the Murder to the Affaffins for them to draw near. They all repair'd to the Place where the wretched dead Corps lay, which they barbaroufly ftrip'd to the Shirt, and vented their Malice in vile and opprobrious Language. •to NORTH AMERICA. 101 Language. The Surgeon Liotot faid feveral Mar. 1687 Times in Scorn and Derifion, There thou '«**''VV3 Heft, Great Bafifa, there thou Heft. In Conclu- fion, they dragged it naked among the Bufhes, and left it expofed to the ravenous Wild Beafts. So far was it from what a certain Au thor writes, of their having bury'd him and fet up a Crofs on his Grave. When thofe Murderers had fatiated their Murderers Rage, they fet out to come to us at our Camp, reJ-urn t0 with the dry'd Flefh, which they had caul'd to ' am^' be brought over the River by the Indians, who had been Spectators of the Murder and of all the inhuman Actions that had been committed, with Amazement and Contempt of us. When they were come to the Camp, they found Mef fieurs Cavelier, the one Brother, the other Ne phew to the murder'd Commander, whom Fa ther Anaftafius acquainted with the difmal End of our Chief, and enjoyn'd them Silence, which it is eafy to imagine was very hard upon them ; but it was absolutely neceffary. However, Monfieur Cavelier the Pried, could not forbear telling them, that if they would do the fame by him, he would forgive them his Murder, and only defir'd them to give him a Quarter of an Hour to prepare himfelf: They answer' d, They had Nothing to fay to him; that what they had done was the Effect of De- fpair, to be reveng'd for the ill Ufage they had receiv'd. I was abfent at that Time; he they call'd Larcheveque, who, as I have faid, was one of the Confpirators, had fome Kindnefs for me, and knowing they defign'd to make me away too, if H 3 I ftood 102 Mar. 1687 The Author fav'd by a Friend. Dehaut, the Mur derer, u- furps the Command. March continued. Monfieur de la Sale'; Second Voyage I ftood upon my Defence, he parted from them, to give me Notice ot their miSchievous Reso lution. He found me on a little rifing Ground, where I was looking upon our HorSes as they graz'd in a little adjacent Bottom. His Intel ligence (truck me to the Heart, not knowing whether I fhould fly or flay ; but at length, hav ing neither Powder nor Shot, nor Arms, and the Said Larcheveque giving me Affurances of my Life, provided I was quiet and faid Nothing, I committed my felf to God's Protection, and went to them, without taking any Notice of what had been done. Dehaut, puff'd up with his new gotten Autho rity, procur'd him by his Villany, as foon as he faw me, cry'd out, Every Man ought to com mand in his Turn; to which I made no An- Swer; and we were all of us oblig'd to ftifle our Refentment, that it might not appear, for our Lives depended on it. However, it was eafy to judge with what Eyes Father Anaftafius, Meffieurs Cavelier and I beheld thefe Murder ers, to whom we expected every Moment to fall Sacrifices. It is true, we diffembled fo well, that they were not very fufpicious of us, and that the Temptation we were under of making them away in Revenge for thofe they had murder' d, would have eafily prevail'd and been put in Execution, had not Monfieur Ca velier, the Prieft, always pofitively oppos'd it, alledging, that we ought to leave Vengeance to God. However the Murderers feiz'd upon all the Effects, without any Opposition, and then we began to talk of proceeding on our Journey. We ;to NORTH AMERICA. 103 We decamp'd the 21ft, with our Indians, and Mar. 1687 march'd with fuch a heavy Rain, that we were "**^V\J oblig'd to halt on the Bank of a great Stream, where one of the Natives that had left us, arriv'd with his Wife. We went on the 2 2d and 23 d, and pafs'd the River, where Father Anaftafius, Monfieur Cavelier and I, who could not fwim, had been drown' n, but that the Natives affi fl ed and fav'd us. The 24th, we went on thro' a marfhy Country, never quitting a fmall Path which led to the Village of the Cenis, till the 28th, when we refted on the Bank of a River Cenis Ri- of the fame Name, tho' about ten Leagues di- ver- dant from the Village. We had hop'd to ford that River, as Monfieur de la Sale had done, when he return'd from that Country; but it was fo fwollen, that there was no doing it, and we were forced to make a Canoe of Bullocks Hides. Whild we were employ'd at that Work, the Indians fwam over and went to give Notice to the Cenis oi our Arrival. We found the Country pleafant enough about that River, tho' the Land did not feem to be any of the beft ; but flill it was delightful to the Eye, well planted with fine Trees of feve ral Sorts, among which, is one that Monfieur de la Sale had nam'd Copal, being very beautiful, Copal the Leaves of it between those of the Maple Tree. and the Lime Trees in Refemblance, and from it comes a Gum, of a very agreeable Scent. In the fame Place we faw a great Tree, on which the late Monfieur de la Sale had caus'd Croffes and the Arms of France to be carv'd. H 4 The 1 04 Monfieur de la S a l e 's Second Voyage Mar. 1687 The Hunting of Bullocks had fail'd us, and we t^V^-' had feen none from the Place where our late Leader had been murder'd. Thus our Provifions began to fall fhort, and it was refolv'd on the 29th, to fend fome Men before, to the Village of The Author the Cenis, to know, whether they had any Indian fent to the Corn, and were willing to barter for it. I was Cenis/»r appointed, with the Surgeon Liotot, the Tef- Provifions. jieers^ and Hiens, who was a Buccanier, Mon fieur de la Sale had taken up at Petit Gouave, to go with him upon this Expedition. I was very unwilling to undertake that Journey, with a Murderer and two of his Compani ons, of whom I was fufpicious; but it was very requifite to obey, and Duhaut having all the Effects in his Poffeffion, alledging, that a great part of them belong'd to him, he gave us fome Axes and Knives to barter for Indian Corn, as alfo for Horfes, if any were to be had, and accordingly we pafs'd the Ri ver. The Coun- We found the Country made up of feveral tryde- little Hills, of an indifferent Height, on which fcnb'd. there are Abundance of Wallnut-Trees and Oaks, not fo large as what we had feen before, but very agreeable. The Weeds which had been fome Time before burnt by the Natives, began to fpring up again, and difcover'd large green Fields very pleating to the Sight. When we had travell'd fome Time, we dif cover'd three Men a Horfeback, coming towards us from the Village, and being come near them, faw one drefs'd after the Spanifh Fafhion, with a little Doublet, the Bo dy whereof was of blue, and the Sleeves of white Fuftian, •to NORTH AMERICA. 105 Fuftian, as it were imbroider'd, with very Mar. 1687 dreight Breeches, white worded Stockings, t-*''W) Woollen-Garters, a broad-brim'd, flat-crown'd Hat, and long Hair. We prefently concluded A Man he was a Spaniard, and the rather becaufe we cf ! ef had been told, that fome of them were to come to join in League with the Cenis, againft an E- nemy nation, and we were at a Nonplus; for if we fell into their Hands, we muft never ex pect to get away, but be condemn'd to ferve either in the Mines, or in the Quarries, in the Kingdom of Mexico, for which Reafon we pro vided to give the pretended Spaniard an unkind Reception, and then to make the beft of our Way back. Being come up to him, I fpoke fome Words of Spanijh and Italian, to which he return'd no Anfwer; but on the contrary, made ufe of the Word CouJJica, which in the Lan guage of the Cenis, fignifies, / do not under- Jland you ; which Anfwer of his remov'd our Apprehenfions. The two others were quite naked, one of them being mounted on a fine grey Mare, and on her were befides two Panniers, handfomly made of Reeds, full of very fine Meal parch'd, or roafted. Af ter feveral Questions, to which we had no very fatisfactory Anfwers, we lighted Fire to make them fmoke, and then they prefented us with the two Panniers full of Meal, giv ing us to underftand, that their Chief ex pected us in the Village, and having figni- fy'd, that they were fent to meet us, we gave them fome Knives and Strings of Beads. We 106 Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage Mar. 1687 We ask'd them, whether they had any Men {'/*>*-' among them like him that was a Horfeback in the Spanifh Habit, they anfwer'd, there were two in a Neighboring Nation, call'd Affony, and that he who was clad, had been in their Country, and brought thence the Cloaths we faw him wear. That Man then fhew'd us a Spa nifh printed Paper, containing the Indulgences granted to the Miffioners of NewMexico. After this they left us to go on, to our People, for which Reafon I writ a Note, giving an Account of our having met them. We alighted to eat, and let our Horfes graze on the Bank of a Rivulet ; but it was not long before the fame Natives, who had been with us before, appear'd again hard by us. We made Signs to them to draw near and eat with us; which they did, and then went along with us towards the Village, which we would not go into, becaufe it was Night. The Indian that was clad, ftay'd all Night with us, and the two others went away. When it was Day, we held on our Way to the Village ; the Indian that was with us con- H't ST' dutftmgus to their Chief's Cottage. By the Way, French in we *~aw many other Cottages, and the Elders folemn coming to meet us in their Formalities, which Manner, confifted in fome Goats Skins drefs'd and painted of feveral Colours, which they wore on their Shoulders like Belts, and Plumes of Feathers of feveral Colours, on their Heads, like Coro nets. Six or feven of them had Square Sword Blades, like the Spanifh, on the Hilts whereof they had faften'd great Plumes of Fea thers, and feveral Hawks Bells; fome of them had Clubs, which they call Head-breakers, fome only •to NORTH AMERICA. 107 only their Bows and Arrows; others, Bits of Mar. 1687 white Linen, reaching from Shoulder to Shoul- ^W) der. All their Faces were daub'd with black or red, There were twelve Elders, who walk'd in the Middle, and the Youth and Warriors in Ranks, on the Sides of thofe old Men. Being come up to us in that Manner, he that conducted us, made a Sign for us to halt, which when we had done, all the old Men lifted up their Right Hands above their Heads, crying out in a moft ridiculous Manner; but it behov'd us to have a Care of laughing. That done, they came and imbrac'd us, ufing all Sorts of Endearments. Then they made us frnoke, and brought to us a French Man of Provence, \Jren who was one of thofe that had forfaken the m fhe late Monfieur de la Sale, at his firft Journey. Indians. The whole Company conducted us after the fame Manner, to their Chief's Cottage; and af ter we had ftaid there a fhort Time, they led us to a larger Cottage, a Quarter of a League from thence, being the Hut in which they have their publick Rejoycings, and the great Af- femblies. We found it furnifh'd with Mats for Indian En- us to fit on. The Elders feated themfelves round tertain- about us, and they brought us to eat, fome Sagamite, which is their Pottage, little Beans, Bread made of Indian Corn, and another Sort they make with boil'd Flower, and at laft they made us fmoke. During our Repaft, they entertain'd us with the Difcoufe of their Defign to make War on a Nation, who were their Enemies, and whom they call'd Cannokantimo. When it was over, we prefented them, according to Cuftom, with fome Knives and Strings of Beads for their ment. 108 Monfieur de la Sale'i Second Voyage Mar. 1687 their Wives. We defir'd them to afford us {^*>J fome Indian Corn, in Exchange for other Things, which they promis'd, and the French Man who was with them, having told us, that there was a Diftrict, which afforded more Corn, than that where we were, and where his Cottage was, we refolv'd to go thither. We propos'd it to the Elders, who would needs go along with us, attended by a great Number of Youth, and having got ready our Horfes, we fet out for that Place. By the Way, we faw Several Cottages at certain Diftances, ftragling up and down, as the Ground happens to be fit for Tillage. The Field lies about the Cottage, and at other Di ftances there are other large Huts, not inha bited, but only ferving for publick Affemblies, either upon Occafion of Rejoycings, or to con- fult about Peace and War. Huts and The Cottages that are inhabited, are not Families each of them for a private Family, for in fome in them. Df them there are fifteen or twenty, each of which has its Nook or Corner, Bed and other Utenfils to its felf; but without any Partition to Separate it from the reft : However, they have Nothing in Common befides the Fire, which is in the Midft of the Hut, and never goes out. It is made of great Trees, the Ends whereof are laid together, fo that when once lighted, it lafts a long Time, and the firft Comer takes Care to keep it up. Manner of The Cottages are round at the Top, after Building. the Manner of a Bee-Hive, or a Reek of Hay. Some of them are fixty Foot Diameter. In Or der to build them, they plant Trees as thick as a Man's Thigh, tall and ftrait, and placing them into NORTH AMERICA. 109 them in a Circle, and joyning the Tops toge- Mar. 1687 ther, from the Dome, or round Top, then "^WJ they lafh and cover them with Weeds. When they remove their Dwellings, they generally burn the Cottages they leave, and build new on the Ground they design to inhabit. Their Moveables are Some Bullocks Hides Their move- and Goats Skins well cur'd, Some Mats cloSe ables- wove, wherewith they adorn their Huts, and Some Earthen Veffels, which they are very skilful at making, and wherein they boil their Flefh or Roots, or Sagamife, which, as has been faid, is their Pottage. They have alfo fome fmall Baskets made of Canes, Serving to put in their Fruit and other Provifions. Their Beds are made of Canes, rais'd two or three Foot above the Ground, handfomly fitted with Mats Beds. and Bullocks Hides, or Goats Skins well cur'd, which ferve them for Feather Beds, or Quilts and Blankets; and thofe Beds are parted one from another by Mats hung up. When they defign to Till the Ground, they Tillage. give one another Notice, and very often above an Hundred of each Sex meet together. When they have till'd that Piece of Land, after their Manner, and fpent part of the Day, thofe the Land belongs to, give the others to Eat, and then they Spend the reft of the Day in Dancing and Merry Making. This fame is practis'd from Canton to Canton, and fo they till Land all together. This Tillage confifts in breaking up juft the Inftrument Surface of the Earth with a Sort of Wooden for ™nS- Indrument, like a little Pick-axe, which they make by fplitting the End of a thick Piece of Wood, that ferves for a Handle, and putting another I 10 Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage Mar. 1687 another Piece of Wood fharp Pointed at one "^v^ End into the Slit. This Inftrument ferves them inftead of a Hoe, or Spade, for they have no Iron Tools. When the Land has been thus Women fow. till'd or broke up, the Women Sow and Plant the Indian Corn, Beans, Pompions, Water Melons, and other Grain and Garden Ware, which is for their Suftenance. Indians The Indians are generally Handfom, but disfigure disfigure themfelves by making Scores, or themfelves. Streaks on their Faces," from the Top of the Forehead down the Note to the Tip oS the Chin ; which is done by pricking the Skin with Needles, or other Sharp Inftruments, till it bleeds, whereon they drew fine Powder oS Charcoal, and that finks in and mixes with the Blood within the Skin. They alSo make after the fame Manner, the Figures of living Crea tures, of Leaves and Flowers on their Shoul ders, Thighs, and other Parts of their Bodies, and Paint themfelves, as has been faid before, with Black or Red, and fometimes both to gether. The Women are generally well Shap'd, and would not be difagreeable, did they adhere to Nature; but they Difguife themfelves as ridiculoufly as the Men, not only with the Streak they have like them down their Face, but by other Figures they make on it, at the Corners of their Eyes, and on the other Parts of their Bodies; whereof they make more particular Show on their Bofom, and thofe who have the most, are reckoned the handfomed ; tho' that pricking in that Part be extremely painful to them. Women. It into NORTH AMERICA. m It is they that do all the Work in the Cot- Mar. 1687 tage, either in Pounding the Indian Corn and (-**'"V>0 Baking the Meal, or making the Pottage of Tbey do the the faid Meal, by them call'd Sagamite, or in j^ "' dreffing their other Provifions, or drying or parching, or fmoaking their Flefh, fetching the Wood they have Occafion for, or the Flefh of Bullocks, or other Beafts kill'd by their Husbands in the Woods, which are often at a great Diftance, and afterwards Dreffing them as has been faid. They Sow and Plant, when the Land has been broke up, and in fhort, do almoft all that is requifite for the Support of Life. I did not obferve that thofe Women were naturally given to Lewdnefs ; but their Virtue Their Be- is not Proof againft fome of our Toys, when "aviour. prefented them, as Needles, Knives, and more particularly Strings of Beads, whereof they make Necklaces and Bracelets, and that Temp tation is rarely refifted by them, and the lefs becaufe they have no Religion or Law to pro hibit that vile Practice. It is true their Hus bands, when they take them in the Fact, fome times do punifh them, either by Separation or otherwiSe; but that is rare. The Country of thofe Indians being generally subject to no Cold, almoft all of them go naked ; Habits. unlets when the North Wind blows, then they cover themfelves with a Bullock's Hide, or Goat's Skin cur'd. The Women wear nothing but a Skin, Mat, or Clout, hanging round them like a Petticoat, and reaching down half way their Legs, which hides their Nakednefs before and behind. On their Heads they have no thing I 12 Mar. 1687 Manners. Religion. Ceremo- Monfieur de la Sale'i Second Voyage thing but their Hair platted and knotted be hind. As for their Manners, it may be faid of thefe as of all other Indians of that great Con tinent, that they are not Mifchievous, unleSs wrong'd or attack'd; in which CaSe they are all Fierce and Revengeful. They Watch all Opportunities to be Reveng'd, and never let any flip, when offer' d, which is the Caufe of their being continually at War with their Neighbours, and of that Martial Humour, fo Predominant among them. As to the Knowledge of a God, they did not feem to us to have any fix'd Notion of Him; it is true, we met with fome on our Way, who as far as we could judge, believ'd, there was fome Superior Being, which was above all Things, and this they testify'd by lifting up their Hands and Eyes to Heaven, yet without any Manner of Concern, as believing that the faid exalted Being does not regard at all, what is done here below. However none of them having any Places of Worfhip, Ceremonies, or Prayers, to denote the divine Homage, it may be faid of them all, that they have no Re ligion, at leaft thofe that we faw. However, they obferve Some Ceremonies; but whether they have any Regard to a real or pretended Superior Being, or whether they are only popular, and proceeding from Cuftom, is what we were not able to difcover. Thofe Ce remonies are as follows. When the Corn is ripe, they gather a certain Quantity in a Maund or Basket, which is placed on a Sort of Seat or Stool, dedicated to that Ufe, and ferving on ly upon thofe mifterious Occafions, which they have a great Veneration for. The to NORTH AMERICA. 113 The Basket with the Corn being placed on Mar. 1687 that honour'd Stool, one of the Elders holds ^^W out his Hands over it, and talks a long Time; after which, the faid old Man diflributes the Corn among the Women, and no Perfon is al low'd to eat of the new Corn, till eight Days af ter that Ceremony. This Seems to be in the Nature of Offering up or Bleffing the firft Fruits of their Harveft. At their Affemblies, when the Sagamite, or Pottage, which is the moft effential Part of their meal, is boil'd in a great Pot, they place that Pot on the Stool of Ceremony above men tion'd, and one of the Elders ftretches out his Hands over it, muttering fome Words between his Teeth for a confiderable Time, after which, they fall to eat. When the young Folks are grown up to be tit to go to the Wars, and take upon them to be Soldiers, their Garment, confifting of fome Skin, or Clout, together with their Bow, Quiver and Arrows, is placed on the aforefaid Stool, an old Man ftretches out his Hands over them, mutters the Words as above, and then the Gar ments, Bows, Quivers, and Arrows are given to the PerSons they belong to. This may be compar'd to Something of a Ceremony of Knighting among them. The fame Ceremo nies are us'd by them in the cultivating of their •pabacco Grain and Product, but particularly of the Ta- bacco, whereof they have a Sort, which has Smaller Leaves than Ours ; it is almoft ever green and they use it in Leaves. This is what we obServ'd among the Cenis, whose Cuftoms and Manners differ very little from those of other Nations, which we had feen I before, ^ who accordingly foon left us, whatfoever Pro- mifes we could make them. They departed to return Home, promifing they would come to us again. We encamp'd that Night on the Bank of a Rivulet. The 14th and 15th, we held on our Way, Bad Ways. frequently meeting with Sloughs, which very much fatigued us, because we were oblig'd to unload our Horfes for them to pafs, and pre vent their flicking in the Mire and fat Soil, whence we could not have drawn them out, and confequently we were fain to carry all our Lug gage on our own Backs. Whilft we halted about Noon, that our Horfes might graze, as was ufually done by us, we difcover'd our two Affony Indians returning towards us, at which we were much rejoiced, becauSe they had a better Notion than our- Selves of the Way we were to go. We made them eat and fmoke, and then fet out a- gain. The 1 6th, we came to a great River, which we paSs'd as we had done the firft, and after that, met with very bad Ways. The 17th, one of our Company being in- difpos'd, we could not fet out till Noon, and held on till the 21ft, croffing feveral Sloughs and Rivers, and then one of our Indians being out of Order, it oblig'd us to flay on the Bank of a River we had pafs'd. The other Indian feeing his comrade fick, went a Hunting, and brought a wild Goat; for there are many in that Coun try. The Indians have the Art of dreffing the Heads of thofe Creatures, which they put upon K 4 their 1 36 Monfieur de la Sale'i Second Voyage June 1687 their own, and imitate them fo exactly, that ^v**) they can come very near to them, and then Seldom fail of killing. The fame Method they (toats'fnd UfC f°r Turkeys and °ther wild Fowl> a«d fo WUdFowl draw them clofe to themfelves. The 22d, our Indian being Somewhat recover'd we decamp'd and proceeded along a better Way and pleafanter Country, than that we had left behind, and as we enquir'd the beft we could of thofe our Indians, concerning the Neighbour ing Nations and thofe we were going towards, among others they nam'd to us, that they call'd Cappa. M. Cavelier told us, he remember'd he had heard his late Brother Monfieur de la Sale name that Nation, and fay he had feen it as he went from Canada towards the Miffifipi. This put us in Hopes, that we Should Succeed in our Dif covery. Fine Mea- The 23d, being near a Village, we had been ¦ in Search of, one of our Indians went before, to give Notice of our Arrival. In the mean Time we crofs'd moft lovely Plains and Meadows, border'd with fine Groves of beautiful Trees, where the Grafs was fo high, that it hinder'd our Horfes going, and we were oblig'd to clear the Paffage Sor them. When we were within Half a League of the Village, we faw an Indian, mounted on a large grey Mare, coming along with our Native, to meet us, and were told, that Horfeman was the Chief of the Village, attended by fome others of the fame Place. As foon as that Chief came up to us, he exprefs'd very much Kindnefs and Affection ; we gave him to underftand, that we did no Body any Harm, unlets we were firft attack'd. Then we made him fmoke, and when that into NORTH AMERICA. *37 that was done, he made Signs to us to follow June 1687 him, which we did, till we came to the Bank ^V"N^ of a River, where he again defir'd us to (lay, whilft he went to give Notice to the El ders. Soon after, a Number of them came, and ha- M- Cave- ving join'd us, fignify'd, that they were come -*^r an{ to carry us to their Village. Our Indians made '^rvV on Signs, that it was the Cuftom of the Country, the Backs and we muft fubmit, and let them do as they of Indians. thought fit. Tho' we were much out of Counte nance at that Ceremony, feven of the prime Men among them would have us mount on their Backs or Shoulders. Monfieur Cavelier being our Chief, mounted firft, and then the reft did the fame. As for my own Part, being of a pretty large Size and loaded with Cloaths, a Firelock, a Cafe of Piftols, Powder and Ball, a Kettle and other Implements, there is no Doubt but I made a Sufficient Burden for him that carry'd me, and becaufe I was taller than he and my Feet would have hung upon the Ground, two other Indians held them up for me ; fo that I had three to carry me. Other Indians took hold of our Horfes to lead them, and in that ridiculous E- quipage we arriv'd at the Village. Our Carriers, who had gone a long Quarter of a League, had need enough to reft, and we to be fet down, that we might laugh in private, for it behov'd us to take Care not to do it before them. As foon as we were come to the Chief's Cot- Ceremo- tage, where we found above two hundred Per- »'« at tons, who were come to fee us, and that our ' . Re~ Horfes were unloaded, the Elders gave us to "* '""' underftand, that it was their Cuftom to wafh Strangers 138 Monfieur de la Sale'; Second Voyage June 1687 Strangers at their firft Coming; but that we be- ^'*/*^ ing clad, they would only wafh our Faces; which one of thofe elders did, with fair Water they had in a Sort of Earthen Veffel, and he only wafh'd our Forehead. Speeches ^fter this second Ceremony, the Chief made them ' Signs to us, to fit down on a Sort of little Scaf fold, rais'd about 4 Foot above the Ground, and made of Wood and Canes, where when we were plac'd, the Chiefs of the Villages being four in Number, came and made Speeches to us, one after another. We liflened to them with Pa tience, tho' we underftood not one Word of what they faid to us ; being tir'd with the Length of their Harangues, and much more with the violent Heat of the Sun, which was juft over our Heads. When the Speeches were ended, the Purport whereof, as near as we could guefs, was only to affure us, that we were very welcome ; we gave them to underftand, that we were going into our own Country, defigning to return fpeedily, to bring them feveral Sorts of Commodities and fuch Things as they fliould ftand in need of. Next, we made them the ufual Prefents of Axes, Knives, Strings of Beads, Needles and Pins, for their Wives, telling them, that when we return'd we would give them more. Their En- We farther (ignify'd to them, that if they tertain- would afford us fome Corn or Meal, we would ment. give them other Things in Exchange, which they agreed to. After this they made us eat Sagamite, or Hafty-pudding, Bread, Beans, Pom- pions and other Things, which we had fufficient Need into NORTH AMERICA. Need of. Moft of us having fcarce eaten any Thing all that Day, fome for Want, and others out of Devotion, as Monfr. Cavelier, who would obferve the Fall of St. John Baptift's Eve, whofe Name he bore. It is to be obferv'd, that the Pompions are incomparably better there, than with us. The 24th, the Elders met again in our Cot tage. We gave them to underftand, they would oblige us, in furnifhing Guides to con duct us to the Village of Cappa, which was in our Way ; but inftead of granting it, they ear- neftly intreated us, to flay with them and go to the Wars againft their Enemies, having been told Wonders of our Firelocks, which we pro mis'd to do when we return'd, and that it fhould be fhortly, and they feem'd to reft fatisfy'd. Thus our Hopes increas'd, but the Joy it oc cafion'd was allay'd by a difmal Accident that befell us. Monfieur de Marie, one of the prime Men of our Company, having Breakfafted, would needs go Bath himfelf in the River we had pafs'd the Day before, and not knowing how to fwim, he went too far and flep'd into a Hole, whence he could not recover himfelf, but was unfortunately drowned. Young Mon fieur Cavelier, having been told that Monsieur de Marie was going to Bath himfelf, ran after him, and coming to the River, faw he was drowning, he ran back to acquaint us: We hafled thither with a Number of Indians, who were there before us; but all too late, fome of them div'd, and brought him up dead from the Bottom of the Water. J39 June 1687 Mr. de Marie drown' d. We 140 June 1687 His Fune ral. Humanity of the In dians. Indian Ce remony to the Dead. Indian Nations. Monfieur de la Sale'j Second Voyage We carry'd him to the Cottage, fhedding many Tears, the Indians bore Part in our Sor row, and we paid him the laft Duties, offering up the ufual Prayers ; after which he was bury- ed in a fmall Field, behind the Cottage; and whereas, during that doleful Ceremony, we pray'd, reading in our Books, particularly Mon fieur Cavelier, the Prieft and Father Anaftafius, the Indians gaz'd on us with Amazement, be caufe we talk'd, looking upon the Leaves, and we endeavour'd to give them to understand, that we pray'd to God for the dead Man, pointing up to Heaven. We muft do this Right to those good Peo ple, as to declare, that they exprefs'd fingular Humanity upon that doleful Accident, as ap pear'd by the fenfible Teftimony of their Acti ons, and all the Methods they us'd to let us underftand how great a Share they bore in our Sorrow; which we fhould not have found in fe veral Parts of Europe. During our fhort Stay in that Place, we ob ferv'd a Ceremony that was perform'd by the Chief's Wife, viz. that every Morning (he went to Monfieur de Marie's Grave, and car ry'd a little Basket of parch'd Ears of Corn to lay on it, the meaning whereof we could not underftand. Before our Departure, we were inform'd, that the Villages belonging to our Hods, being four in Number, all ally'd toge ther were call'd, Afifony, Nathofos, Nachitos and Cadodaquio. On the 27th, having been inform'd by the Natives, that we fhould find Canoes, to pafs a River that was on our Way. Father Anaftafius and I went to fee whether, what they told us was to NORTH AMERICA. 141 was true. We found that River was a Branch June 1687 of the fame we had already pafs'd, the Channel **^YV) of it being pleafant and navigable, and faw fome Canoes, in one of which the Indians car ry'd us over to the other Side, whether we went to fee what convenient Place there was for our Horfes to come afhore. We found a very proper Place, and returning, made our Report to Monfieur Cavelier, who being then much out of Order with Pains in his Feet, we were ob lig'd to flay there, till the 30th. During that Time, we were frequently vi- Janiquo fited by the Indians, both Old and Young, and Natim- of both Sexes, and even the Chiefs of the Na tion, call'd Janiquo, came to see us, and with them we often convers'd in dumb Show, and e- veryEvening the Women, attended by the War riors, with their Bows and Arrows, retorted to Doleful our Cottage, to fing a doleful Sort of Song, Entertain- (hedding Tears at the fame Time. This would ment- have given us fome Uneafiness, had we not before feen the fame Ceremony, and been in form'd, that thofe Women repair in that Man ner to the Chief's Cottage, to intreat him, fing- ing and weeping, to take Revenge on thofe, who have kill'd their Husbands, or Relations, in former Wars, as I have obferv'd before. In all other Respects, the Manners and Cuftoms of this Nation, being much the fame as thofe of the Cenis, I (hall add no more concerning them. The 29th, at Night, we gave Notice to the Chief, that we would fet out the next Day, we made him fome Prefents in particular, and the like to his Wife, becauSe She had taken special Care oS us, and departed on the 30th. The Chief, 142 Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage June 1687 Chief, attended by many other Indians, whom '"•'''W} we found in the Cottages on our Way, went to Conduct us as far as the River, which we crofs'd in Canoes, and fwam over our Horfes. There we took Leave of our Conductors, to whom we gave some Strings of Beads for their Wives, and their Chief would needs Conduct us to the next Village. By the Way we came to a Cottage, where our Guide made us halt, and there they gave Cadoda- us to eat. Then we held on our Journey to a quio Vil- Village call'd Cadodaquio, and were conducted laSe- to the Chief's Cottage, who receiv'd us courte ously, being a Friend to him that went with us. It was requifite to unload our Horfes to lie there, and we fignified to the Chief, that we flood in Need of Provifions. He fpoke to the Women, who brought us fome Meal, which we purchafed with Strings of Beads, and the Chief, who conducted us thither, took his Leave. Having no Defign to (lay there any Time, we had defined the Chief to appoint fome Per fon to guide us to the Village call'd Cahainihoua, which was in our Way. It happen'd by good Fortune, that there were then in that Place fome Men and Women of the faid Village, who who were come to fetch fome Wood, fit to make Bows, there being Plenty of that Sort of Trees they make them of, about the Village we were in. We signify'd our Defign to them and they gave us to underftand they would be glad to bear us Company. In the Converfation we had with them, they made us comprehend, that they had feen People like us, who had Firelocks and a Houfe, and that they were acquainted with the Cappa's, which was very pleating to us. Becaufe into NORTH AMERICA. Becaufe they were not to depart till two Days after, we refolv'd to flay for them. We obferv'd, that there was a Difference between the Language of thofe People and the Inhabitants of the Village we were in, from that of the Cenis, and that they had some pecu liar Ceremonies, one whereof is, that when the Women have their Terms, they leave the Company of their Hulbands and withdraw into other Cottages appointed for that Purpofe, which no Perfon is to come near, upon Pain of being reputed unclean. Thofe Women have their Faces ftill more diffigur'd, than the others we had Seen before ; for they make feveral Streaks, or Scores on them, whereas the others had but one. They adorn themfelves with little Locks of fine red Hair ; which they make fad to their Ears, in the Nature of Pendants. In other Respects they are not difagreeable, and neither Women nor Maids are fo ill-natur'd as to make their Lovers pine for them. They are not difficult of Accefs, and they foon make a Return for a fmall Pre- Sent. The Men wear their Hair Short, like our Capucins, they anoint it with a sort of Oyl, or Greafe, and curl it like fnails, after which they drew on it a Sort of Down, or Lint, died red, as we do Powder, which is done when they de fign to be very fine, in order to appear in their Aflemblies. They are very fond of their Chil dren, and all the Way of chaflifing them they ufe, is to throw Water at them, without ever beating or giving them ill Words. *43 June 1687 Peculiar Cuftom. Ornaments of Women. The Men. The 144 Monfieur de la Sale'; Second Voyage July 1687 Plenty of Game. The Indians that were of the Village of Co- hainihoua and to conduct us thither, not being ready to fet out on Wednefday the 2d of July, as they had promis'd, a young Indian offer' d himfelf, faying, he would conduct us fafe thi ther, and we fet out with him, dill directing our CourSe towards the N. E. We kept cloSe along the Same River we had croSs'd, and found it very pleafant and navigable, the Banks of it cover'd with fine Trees of feveral Sorts. We had not travell'd above a League, before our Guide gave us to underftand, that he had forgot a Piece of hard dry'd Skin he had to make him Shoes, which he would go fetch and return to us, pointing to us with his Hand, which Way we were to go, and telling us we fliould foon come to a River. This fudden Change in the Indian was Some what Surprizing and very much perplex'd us; however we held on our Way, and Soon came to the River he had mention'd to us, which was very pleaSant and deep. We croSs'd it the next Day, on a Sort of Float, which we made with much Toil and Labour, and our Horfes Swam over. Some Time after we were paffed, we Saw the Indians coming, who had promiSed to bear us Company, and were glad to find our Float, to croSs the Same River, as they did, and proceeded on our Journey all together. The 4th, 5th and 6th, we did the Same, croSfing a very fine Country, but water'd by many Brooks, Streams and Rivers. We found Abundance of wild Goats, Turkeys and other wild Fowl, whereof our Indians kill'd many. On the 6th, whilft we halted on the Bank of a River to eat, we heard the Tingling of fome fmall to NORTH AMERICA. fmall Bells; which making us look about, we fpy'd an Indian with a naked Sword-Blade in his Hand, adorned with Feathers of feveral Colours, and two large Hawks Bells, that occafion'd the Noife we had heard. He made Signs for us to come to him, and gave us to underftand, that he was fent by the Elders of the Village, whither we were going, to meet us, careffmg us after an extraordinary Manner. I obferv'd that it was a Spanifh Blade he had, and that he took Pleafure in ring ing the Hawks Bells. Having travell'd about half a League with him, we difcover'd a Dozen of other Indians coming towards us, who made very much of and con ducted us the Village, to the Chief's Cottage, where we found dry'd Bear-Skins laid on the Ground, and they made us fit on them, where we were treated with Eatables, as were the Elders after us, and a Throng of Women came to fee us. The 7th, the Elders came to give us a Vifit, bringing us two Bullocks Hides, four Otters Skins, one white Wild-Goat's Skin, all of them well dry'd, and 4 Bows, in Return for the Prefent we had before made them. The Chief and another came again fome Time after, bringing two Loaves, the fined: and the best we had yet feen. They look'd as if they had been bak'd in an Oven, and yet we had not obferv'd, that there were Ovens among any of them. That Chief day'd with us fome Hours, he feem'd to be very ingenious and difcreet, and eafily underftood our Signs, which were moft of the Language we had. Having order'd a little Boy to bring us all we had Occafion for, he withdrew. L Towards July 1687 ¦?w Kind Re ception. Prefents. 1 46 Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage July 1687 Towards the Evening, we were entertain'd <-/""Vx> with aCeremony we had not feen before. ACom- The Cere- pany 0f Elders, attended by fome young Men "tbTpite and Women came to our Cottage in a Body, finging as loud as they could roar. The fore- moft of them had a Calumet, fo they call a very long Sort of Tabacco Pipe, adorn'd with feveral Sorts of Feathers. When they had fung a while, before our Cottage, they enter'd it, ftill finging on, for about a Quarter of an Hour. After that, they took Monfieur Cavelier the Priefl, as being our Chief, led him in folemn Manner out of the Cottage, fupporting him under the Arms. When they were come to a Place they had prepared, one of them laid a great Handful of Grafs on his feet, two others brought fair Water in an Earthen Dish, with which they wafh'd his Face, and then made him fit down on a Skin, provided for that Pur pofe. When Monfieur Cavelier was feated, the El ders took their Places, fitting round about him, and the Matter of the Ceremonies fix'd in the Ground two little wooden Forks, and having laid a Stick acrofs them, all being paint ed red, he placed on them a Bullock's Hide, dryed, a Goat's Skin over that, and then laid the Pipe thereon. The Song was begun again, the Women mixing in the Chorus, and the Concert was heightned by great hollow Calabafhes or Gourds, in which there were large Gravel Stones, to make a Noife, the Indians ftriking on them by Meafure, to anfwer the Tone of the Choir ; and the pleafantefl of all was, that one of the Indians plac'd himfelf behind Monfieur Cavelier to hold him into NORTH AMERICA. 147 him up, whilft at the fame Time he fhook and July 1687 dandled him from Side to Side, the Motion t«**»rO The 27th, the Chief and the Elders met a- gain to confult about what we demanded of them; the Length of the Journey made them apprehenfive for thofe, who were to conduct us; but, at Length, we having difpell'd their Fears by our Arguments, and they having again de liberated Some Time, agreed to our Re- qued. We again made them a PreSent, pro- mifing a good Reward to our Guides, and fo we prepar'd to fet forwards. Little Bartholo mew the Parifian, having intimated to us, that he would willingly day in that Houfe, becaufe he was none of the abled of Body, we recom mended him to the Sieur Couture. We defir'd thofe that remain'd there, to keep the Secret of Monfr. de la Sale's Death, promis'd to fend them Relief, left them our Horfes, which were of great Ufe to go a Hunting, and gave them fifteen or fixteen Pounds of Powder, eight hundred Balls, three hundred Flints, twenty fix Knives, and ten Axes, two or three Pounds Weight of Beads; Monfr. Cavelier left them Part of his Linen, hoping we fhould foon be in The Jour- a Place where we fhould get more ; and all of ney c,onn" them having made their Peace with God, by Means of the Sacrament of Penance, we took Leave of them, excepting the Sieur Couture, who went to conduct us Part of the Way. We imbark'd on a Canoe belonging to one of the Chiefs, being at leaft twenty Perfons, as well Women as Men, and arriv'd fafe, without any Trouble, at a Village call'd Toriman, Toriman for we were going down the River. We pro- Village. pos'd it to thefe People, or rather demanded it i58 July 1687 ¦•WNJ Officers. The River Miffifipi found at lat. Monfieur de la Sale's Second Voyage it of them to confirm what had been granted us by the others, and they referr'd giving us their Anfwer till the next Day; for they do Nothing without confulting about it, and we having brought a Sack of Indian Wheat, from the French Mens Houfe, defir'd the Chief to caufe Women to pound it, for which we would give 'em Something. Immediately he made a Sign to his Officers to go call them, and they went as readily. There were feven or eight of thofe Officers always about him, flark naked and befmear'd, fome after one Fafhion, and others after ano ther. Each of them had three or four Cala- baShes or Gourds, hanging at a Leather Girdle about their Wattes, in which there were feve ral Pebbles, and behind them hung a Horfe's Tail, so that when they ran, the Gourds made a ratling Noife, and the Tail being born up by the Wind, ftood out at its full Length, fo that Nothing could be feen more ridiculous; but it behooved us to take Heed of fhewing the lead Smile. The remaining Part of the Day was fpent in going with the Sieur Couture to fee the fa tal River fo much fought after by us, called Colbert, when firft difcover'd, and Miffifipi, or, Mechaffipi by the Natives that were near us. It is a very fine River and deep, the Breadth of it about a Quarter of a League, and the Stream very rapid. The Sieur Couture affur'd us, that it has two Branches or Channels, which parted from each other above us, and that we had pafs'd its other Branch, when we came to the firft Village of the Accancea's, with which Nation we ftill were. The into NORTH AMERICA. 159 The 28th, the Chief and the Elders being July 1687 affembled, they granted our Requefts. We ^W) were to part, in order to be entertain'd in fe veral Places, where we took Notice of fome particular Ceremonies, which we had not feen among the other Nations. One of them is, that they Serve up their Meat in two or four Particular large Difhes, which are firft fet down before ^ermo' is , t niss the two principal Guefts, who are at one End, and when they have eaten a little, thofe Difhes are fhov'd down lower and others are Served up in their Place, in the Same Manner ; So that the fird Difhes are Serv'd at the upper End and thrud down lower as others come in. He who treats, does not fit down with the Company, nor does he eat, but performs the Part of a Steward, taking Care of the Dreffing and of the Placing of the Meat ferv'd up ; and to the End he may appear the finer, he never fails to befmear himfelf with Clay, or fome red or black Colouring they make ufe of. The 29th, we fet out from that Village, and imbark'd on two Canoes to crofs the Miffifipi. The Chief and about a Score of young Folks bore us Company to the next Village call'd Ton- Tonmn- ningua, feated on the Bank of that River, where gua v,lla&e we were receiv'd in the Chief's Cottage, as we had been in the others. The Elders treated us in their Turns, and the Defcriptions before given will ferve for this Place, there being but little Difference between them and their Neigh bours. c The 30th, we fet out for Cappa, the lad Vil- y^ttm lage of theAccancea's, eight Leagues diftant from the Place we had left. We were obliged to crofs the River Miffifipi feveral Times in this Way, Aug. 1687 160 Monjieur de la Sale'; Second Voyage Way ; becaufe it winds very much, and we had Some foul Weather, which made it late before we could reach Cappa. A great Num ber of Youth came to meet us, fome of them conducted us to the Chief's Cottage, and others took Care of our Baggage, which was reftor'd to us very honeftly. We found the Elders waiting for us ; a great Fire was kindled to dry us, and the Cottage was lighted by feveral burning Reeds, which they make use of inftead of Flambeaus ; after which we were ferv'd as in other Places. The 31ft, we receiv'd Vifits from the Elders. Their Discourfe ran upon the War they defign'd to make, thinking to ingage us in it, and we return'd the fame Anfwer as we had done to the others, that we would foon return with all Things we ftood in Need of. We ask'd a Man of them, which was granted, and the Day en ded in Feafting. Entertain- We would willingly have fet out the First ment given of Auguft ; but the Chief came and told us, it bythelndi- could not be, becaufe the Women had not pounded our Corn, which however was done; but they made ufe of that Pretence to oblige us to flay, and to have Leifure to give us fome Diverfion, after their Manner. Accordingly, about Ten in the Morning, the Warriors and Youth came together to Dance. They were drefs'd after their beft Manner, fome of them wearing Plumes of feveral Colours, wherewith they adorn their Heads, others, inftead of Fea thers, had two Bullocks Horns, and were all befmear'd with Clay, or Black and Red, fo that they really look'd like a Company of Devils or Monfters, and in thofe Figures they danc'd, as into NORTH AMERICA. 161 as I have deScrib'd it, Speaking of the other Aug. 1687 Nations. ' *^W> The Second, we made ready to be going. The Indian given by the firft Village for our Guide, would not go any farther. A Man, faid to be an Hermaphrodite, offer'd to Supply his Place, Saying, he was willing to go to the Ifiinois. We took Leave oS the Sieur Couture, to whom MonSr. Cavelier made an Exhortati on, encouraging him to perSevere and have Pa tience, in Hopes of the Relief we wou'd Send him, and So we imbark'd on the Miffifipi in a Canoe, being Nine in Number, that is, five of us, and the four Indians that were our Guides. We were oblig'd to croSs that River very of ten, and no lets frequently to carry our Canoe and Goods, as well on Account of the Rapidi ty of the River, and to find it flacker on the one or the other Side of it, which was very troublefome to our Guides, as becaufe of the little iflands we met with, which are form'd by the impetuous beating of the Water upon the Banks, that oppofe its Courfe, where the Channels happen not to lie ftrait ; there it waflies away the Earth and bears down great Trees, which in Procefs of Time form little Iflands, that divide the Channel. At Night we incamp'd in one of thofe fmall Iflands, for our greater Safety, for we were then come into an Machiga- Enemy's Nation, call'd Machigamea, which put mea Nati- our Indians into great Frights. on. It is certain our Toil was very great, for we were oblig'd to row in the Canoe, to help our Indians to Item the Current of the River, be caufe we were going up, and it was very Strong and rapid ; we were often neceffitated M to 162 Aug. 1687 t**"-V>J Ceremony at dreffing a Bullock. Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage to land, and fometimes to travel over miry Lands, where we funk up half way the Leg; other Times over burning Sands, which fcorch'd our Feet, having no Shoes, or elSe over Splinters of Wood, which ran into the Soles of our Feet, and when we were come to the retting Place, we were to provide Fuel to drefs our Meat, and provide all Things for our Indians, who would not have done So much as go fetch a Cup of Water, tho' we were on the Bank of the River, and yet we were happy enough in having them. We proceeded on, continually undergoing the fame Toil, till the Seventh, when, we faw the firft Bullock, we had met on our Way, Since our coming among the Accancea's. The Indians, who had a great Mind to eat Flefh, made a Sign to me, to go kill it. I purfu'd and Shot, but it did not fall, the Indians ran after, kill'd, and came to tell us it muft be parch'd, or dry'd, which was accordingly done. I muft here take Notice of a Ceremony our Indians perform'd, when they came near the Bullock, before they flead him. In the firft Place, they adorn'd his Head with fome Swans and Buftards Down, dy'd red, and put fome Tabacco into his Noflrils, and between the Clefts of the Hoofs. When they had flead him, they cut out the Tongue, and put a Bit of Tabacco into its Place; then they fluck two Wooden Forks into the Ground, laid a Stick acrofs them, on which they plac'd feveral Slices of the Flefh, in the Nature of an Offering. The Ceremony being ended, we parch'd or dry'd the beft Parts of the Bead: and proceeded on our Journey. The into NORTH AMERICA. The 9th, we found the Banks of the River very high, and the Earth of them Yellow, Red and White, and thither the Natives came to furnifli themfelves with it, to adorn their Bo dies, on Feftival Days. We held on our Way till the 14th, when we met a Herd of Bul locks, whereof we kill'd five, dry'd Part of them, and proceeded till the 18th. The 19th, we came to the Mouth of the River, call'd Houabache, faid to come from the Country of the Iroquois, towards New England. That is a very fine River, its Water extraor dinary clear, and the Current of it, gentle. Our Indians offer'd up to it, by Way of Sacrifice, fome Tabacco and Beef Steaks, which they fix'd on Forks, and left them on the Bank, to be dif- pos'd of as the River thought fit. We obferv'd tome other Superftitions among thofe poor Peo ple, one whereof was as follows. There were fome certain Days, on which they Failed, and we knew them, when affoon as they awak'd, they befmear'd their Faces and Arms, or other Parts of their Bodies, with a flimy Sort of Earth, or pounded Charcoal ; for that Day they did not eat till Ten or Eleven of the Clock at Night, and before they did eat they were to wipe off that Smearing, and had Water brought them for that Purpofe. The Occafion of their Fading was, as they gave us to underftand, that they might have good Succefs in Hunting, and kill Abundance of Bul locks. We held on our Way till the 25th, when the Indians fhew'd us a Spring of Salt Water, within a Musket Shot of us, and made us go afhore to view it. We obferv'd the Ground M 2 about 163 Aug. 1687 Banks of feveral Co lours. Houaba che River. IndianFaft. Salt Water Spring. 164 Aug. 1687 Wild Fruit. Miffouris River. Figure of a pretend ed Monfter Monjieur de la Sale'i Second Voyage about it was much beaten by Bullocks Feet, and it is likely they love that Salt Water. The Country about, was full of Hillocks, cover'd with Oaks and Wallnut-Trees, Abundance of Plum-Trees, almoft all the Plums red and pret ty good, befides great Store of other Sorts of Fruits, whofe Names we know not, and among them one fhap'd like a midling Pear, with Stones in it as big as large Beans. When ripe it peels like a Peach, the Tafte is indifferent good, but rather of the Sweeteft. The 27th, having difcover'd a Herd of Beeves, we went afhore to kill fome ; I fhot a Heifer, which was very good Meat, we put a Board the beft of it, and held on our Way till the Evening, when we encamp'd on an Ifland, where we obferv'd an Alteration in the Humour and Behaviour of our Indians. This put us under fome Apprehenfion, and the more, for that he who was reckon'd an Her maphrodite, told us, they intended to leave us, which oblig'd us to fecure our Arms and double our Watch during the Night, for Fear they fhould forfake us. With that Jealoufy we proceeded on our Journey the 28th and 29th, coafting along the Foot of an upright Rock, about fixty, or eighty Foot high, round which the River glides. Held on the 30th and 31ft, and the firft of Septem ber pafs'd by the Mouth of a River call'd Mif fouris, whofe Water is always thick, and to which our Indians did not forget to offer Sa crifice. The 2d, we arriv'd at the Place, where the Figure is of the pretended Monfter fpoken of by Father Marquet. That Monfter confifts of two fcurvy into NORTH AMERICA. fcurvy Figures drawn in red, on the flat Side of a Rock, about ten or twelve Foot high, which wants very much of the extraordinary Height that Relation mentions. However our Indians paid Homage, by offering Sacrifice to that Stone; tho' we endeavour'd to give them to underdand, that the faid Rock had no Manner of Virtue, and that we worfhip'd Something above it, pointing up to Heaven ; but it was to no Purpofe, and they made Signs to us, that they fhould die if they did not perform that Duty. We proceeded, coading along a Chain of Mountains, and at length, on the 3d, left the Miffifipi, to enter the River of the Ifii nois. We found well with 165 Sept. 1687 River of the Ifiinois as a great Alteration in that River, Respect to its Courfe, which is very gentle, as to the Country about it, which is much more agreeable and beautiful than that about the great River, by Reafon of the many fine Woods and Variety of Fruit its Banks are adorn'd with. It was a very great comfort to us, to find fo much EaSe in going up that Ri ver, by ReaSon of its gentle Stream, fo that we all fiay'd in the Canoe and made much more Way. Thus we went on till the 8th, without dopping indian any longer than to kill a Bullock, and one of dies of eat- our Indians, who had a craving Stomach, having ing raw eaten fome of its Suet hot and raw, was taken very ill, and died of it, as I fhall mention in its Place. The 9th, we came into a Lake, about half a League over, which we crofs'd, and return'd into the Channel of the River, on the Banks whereof we found feveral Marks of the Natives M 3 having Suet. 1 66 Sept. 1687 Meeting with Ifli- Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage having been incamp'd there, when they came to fifh and dry what they caught. The 10th, we crofs'd another Lake, call'd Primitehouy, re turn'd to the River, and the nth, faw Indians before us, incamp'd on the Bank of a River, whereupon we ftop'd and made ready our Arms. In the mean Time, one of them came towards us by Land, and we put on our Canoe towards him. When that Indian was near, he dood gazing on us, without fpeaking a Word, and then drawing dill nearer, we gave him to underdand, that we were sent by Monfieur de la Sale, and came from him. Then he made Signs to us, to advance towards his People, whom, he went before to acquaint with what we had faid to him, fo that when we were come near them they fired Several Shot to falute us, and we an fwer'd them with our Firelocks. After that mutural Salutation, they came into our Canoe, to fignify, they were glad to hear News of Monfieur de la Sale. We ask'd them, What Nation they were of; they anfwer'd, They were Ifiinois, of a Canton call'd Cafcafquia. We enquir'd whether Monfieur Tonty was at Fort Lewis ; they gave us to un derstand, that he was not, but that he was gone to the War againft the Iroquois. They invited us Afhore, to go with them to eat of fuch as they had, we thank' d them, and they brought us fome Gourds and Water Melons, in Ex change for which, we gave them some parch'd Flefh, We had Canoe, in men, who, not by the Way taken Notice of a which was a Man with two Wo- being afraid of us, had hid them felves into NORTH AMERICA. 167 felves among the Reeds, but that man feeing us Sept. 1687 Stop among his Countrymen, took Heart, came "^V^J to us, and having told us, that he belong'd to a Village near Fort Lewis, we fet out together, and one of our Indians went into that Canoe, to help them to Shove, fo they call the Way of pufhing on the Canoe with Poles inftead of rowing. On Sunday, the 14th of September, about two Fort Lew- in the Afternoon, we came into the Neigh- is among bourhood of Fort Lewis. Drawing near, we **>? Illinois. were met by fome Indians that were on the Bank, who having view'd us well, and under standing we came from Monfr. de la Sale, and that we belong'd to him, ran to the Fort to carry the News, and immediately we faw a French Man come out, with a Company of Indi ans, who tir'd a Volley of feveral Pieces, to fa- lute us. Then the French Man drew near, and defir'd us to come Afhore, which we did, leav ing only one in the Canoe, to take Care of our Baggage; for the Ifiinois are very Sharp at car rying off anything they can lay their Hands on, and confequently, nothing near fo honest as the Nations we had pafs'd thro'. We all walk'd together towards the Fort, and found three French Men coming to meet us, and among them a Clerk, who had belong'd to Arrival at the late Monfr. de la Sale. They immediately Fort Lewis. ask'd us, where Monfr. de la Sale was, we told them, he had brought us Part of the Way, and left us at a Place about forty Leagues beyond the Cenis, and that he was then in good Health. All that was true enough ; for Monfr, Cavelier and I, who were the Perfons, that then fpoke, were not prefent at Monfr. de la Sale's Death ; M 4 he i68 Sept. 1687 Reception. Monfieur de la Sale'; Second Voyage he was in good Health when he left us, and I have told the Reafons we had for concealing his Death, till we came into France. It is no lefs true, that Father Anaftafius, and he they call'd Teifier, could have given a better Account, the one as an Eye Witnefs, and the other, as one of the Murderers, and they were both with us ; but to avoid lying, they faid Nothing. We farther told them, we had Orders to go over into France, to give an Account of the Difcoveries made by Monfieur de la Sale, and to procure the fending of Succours. At length, we enter'd the Fort, where we found and furpriz'd feveral PerSons who did not expect us. All the French were under Arms and made Several DiScharges to welcome us. Monfieur de Belle Fontaine Lieutenant to MonSr. Tonty, was at the Head of them and compli mented us. Then we were conducted to the Chappel, where we return'd Thanks to God, from the Bottom of our Hearts, for having preferv'd and conducted us in Safety ; after which we had our Lodgings affigned us, Monfr. Cavelier and Father Anaftafius had one Cham ber, and we were put into the Magazine, or Ware -houfe. All this While, the Natives came by Intervals, to fire their Pieces, to ex- prefs their Joy for our Return, and for the News we brought of Monfieur de la Sale, which refrefh'd our Sorrow for his Misfor tune ; perceiving that his Pretence would have fettled all Things advantageoufly. The Day after our Arrival, one of the In dians, who had conducted us, having been fick ever fince he eat the raw Beef Suet, I mention'd before, died, and his Companions took away and into NORTH AMERICA. 169 and bury'd him privately. We gave them the Sept.1687 promis'd Reward, and the Part belonging to t^»^' the Dead Man, to be deliver'd to his Relations. They ftay'd fome Time in the Fort, during the which, we took extraordinary Care of them, and at laft they return'd to their own Homes. As far as we could gather by half Words dropp'd there by one or other at the Fort, Something had been done there prejudicial to the Service of Monfr. de la Sale, and againft his Authority, and therefore fome dreaded his Return, but more efpecially a Jefuit was in great Confternation. He was fick, Monfieur Cavelier, Father Anaftafius and I went to visit him. He enquired very particularly of all Points, and could not conceal his Trouble, which we would not feem to take Notice of. Our Defign being to make the beft of our way to Canada, in Order to fet out Aboard the firft French Ships that fhould Sail for France, we enquired how we were to proceed, and met with feveral Difficulties. The Navigation on that River was very Dangerous, by Reafon of Falls in the the Falls there are in it, which muft be care- River. fully avoided, unlets a Man will run an inevi table Hazard of perifhing. There were few Perfons capable of managing that Affair, and the War with the Iroquois made all Men a- fraid. However the Sieur Boifrondet, Clerk to the late Monfr. de la Sale, having told us he had a Canoe, in which he defign'd to go down to Canada, we prepared to make ufe of that Opportunity. Care was taken to gather Pro vifions 170 Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage Sept. 1687 vifions for our Voyage, to get Furs to barter as "'••''VV) We pafs'd by Micilimaquinay. The Vifits of two Chiefs of Nations, call'd Cafcafquia Peroueria and Cacahouanous discover'd by the late Monfieur de la Sale, did not interrupt our Affairs, and all things being got ready, we took Leave of thofe we left in the Fort. Monfieur Cavelier writ a Letter for Monfieur Tonty, which he left there to be delivered to him, and we repair'd to the Lake to imbark. It would be needlefs to relate all the Trou bles and Hardships we met with, in that Jour ney, it was painful and fruitlefs, for having gone to the Bank of the Lake, in very foul Wea ther, after waiting there five Days, for that M. Cave- foul Weather to ceafe, and after we had lier,t3V. imbark'd, notwithftanding the Storm, we were fet out and oblig'd to put Afhore again, to return to the azain Place where we had imbark'd, and there to dig a Hole in the Earth, to bury our Baggage and Provifions, to fave the Trouble of carry ing them back to Fort Lewis, whither we return'd and arrived there the 7th of Otlober ; where they were furpriz'd to fee us come back. Thus were we oblig'd to continue in that Fort all the red of Autumn and Part of the Winter, to our great Sorrow, and not fo much for our own Difappointment, as for be ing, by that Means, obftructed from fending of Succours, as foon as we had expected, as well to the faid Fort, as to thofe French of our own Company, whom we had left on the Coaft of the Bay of Mexico, It into NORTH AMERICA. 171 It was then the good Season for fhooting. Oa. 1687 Thofe Gentlemen at the Fort had fecur'd two <-*/'VV> good Indian Sportfmen, who never let us want for Wild Fowl of all Sorts ; befides we had good Bread, and as good Fruit, and had there been any Thing to drink befides Water, we had far'd well. The Leifure we had during our Stay there, gave me an Opportunity of making the following Remarks, as well of my own Ob- fervation, as what I learn'd of the French re siding there. Fort Lewis is in the Country of the Ifiinois Defcrip- and feated on a fteep Rock, about two hundred tion of Fort Foot high, the River running at the Bottom of Lew's and it. It is only fortified with Stakes and Palifades, a^out°"" ry and fome Houfes advancing to the Edge of the Rock. It has a very fpacious Efplanade, or Place of Arms. The Place is naturally ftrong, and might be made fo by Art, with little Ex- pence. Several of the Natives live in it, in their Huts. I cannot give an Account of the Latitude it dands in, for Want of proper Indru- ments to take an Obfervation, but Nothing can be pleafanter ; and it may be truly affirm'd, that the Country of the Ifiinois enjoys all that can make it accomplifh'd, not only as to Orna ment, but alfo for its plentiful Production of all Things requifite for the Support of human Life. The Plain, which is water'd by the River, is beautified by two fmall Hills, about half a League didant from the Fort, and thofe Hills are cover'd with Groves of Oaks, Walnut- Trees and other Sorts I have named elfewhere. L- ^ The Fields are full of Grafs, growing up very clay for high. On the Sides of the Hills is found a Bricks, ^fc. gravelly 1 72 Monfieur de la Sale'i Second Voyage Oa. 1687 gravelly Sort of Stone, very fit to make Lime *^VV) for Building. There are alfo many Clay Pits, fit for making of Earthen Ware, Bricks and Tiles, and along the River there are Coal Pits, the Coal whereof has been try'd and found very good. Mines. There is no Reafon to question, but that there are in this Country, Mines of all Sorts of Metals, and of the richeft, the Climate being the fame as that oi New Mexico. We faw feve ral Spots, where it appeared there were Iron Mines, and found fome Pieces of it on the Bank of the River, which Nature had cleanfed. Travellers who have been at the upper Part of the Miffifipi, affirm that they have found Mines there, of very good Lead. Produa. That Country is one of the moft temperate in the World, and confequently whatfoever is fow'd there, whether Herbs, Roots, Indian and even European Corn thrives very well, as has been try'd by the Sieur Boifrondet, who Sow'd of all Sorts, and had a plentiful Crop, and we eat of the Bread, which was very good. And whereas we were affured, that there were Vines which run up, whofe Grapes are very good and delicious, growing along the River, it is reafonable to believe, that if thofe Vines were transplanted and prun'd, there might be very good Wine made of them. There is alfo Plenty of wild Apple and Pear Trees, and of feveral other Sorts, which would afford excel lent Fruit, were they grafted and tranfplant- ed. All other Sorts of Fruit, as Plumbs, Peaches and others, wherewith the Country abounds, would become exquifite, if the fame Induftry were ko NORTH AMERICA. were us'd, and other Sorts of Fruit we have in France would thrive well, if they were carry'd over. The Earth produces a Sort of Hemp, whereof Cloth might be made and Cordage. As for the Manners and Cufloms of the Ifii nois, in many Particulars they are the fame as thofe of the other Nations we have feen. They are naturally fierce and revengeful, and among them the Toil of Sowing, Planting, carrying of Burdens, and doing all other Things that belong to the Support of Life, appertains pe culiarly to the Women. The Men have no o- ther Bufinefs but going to the War and hunt ing, and the women mud fetch the Game when they have kill'd it, which fometimes they are to carry very far to their Dwellings, and there to parch, or drefs it any other Way. When the Corn or other Grain is fow'd, the Women fecure it from the Birds till it comes up. Thofe Birds are a sort of Starlings, like ours in France, but larger and fly in great Swarms, The Ifiinois have but few Children, and are extremely fond of them ; it is the Cuftom a- mong them, as well as others I have mention ed, never to chide, or beat them, but only to throw Water at them, by Way of Chaftife- ment. The Nations we have fpoken of before, are not at all, or very little, addicted to Thieving ; but it is not fo with the Ifiinois, and it behoves every Man to watch their Feet as well as their Hands, for they know how to turn any Thing out of the Way moft dexteroufly. They are fubject to the general Vice of all the other In dians, which is to boaft very much of their Warlike l7Z oa. 1687 Manners and Cu- jioms of the Ifli- Women do all Labour. Children. Thieving. Boafting. 1 74 Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage Oa. 1687 Warlike Exploits, and that is the main Subject of '-^'VVJ their Difcourfe, and they are very great Lyars. They pay a Refpect to their Dead, as ap- Careofthe pears by their fpecial Care of burying them, and even of putting into lofty Coffins the Bodies of fuch as are confiderable among them, as their Chiefs and others, which is alfo practifed a- mong the Accancea's, but they differ in this Par ticular, that the Accancea's weep and make their Complaints for fome Days, whereas the Cha- houanous and other People of the Ifiinois Nation do juft the Contrary; for when any of them die, they wrap them up in Skins, and then put them into Coffins made of the Barks of Trees, then fing and dance about them for twenty four Hours. Thofe Dancers take Care to tie Cala- bafhes, or Gourds about their Bodies, with fome Indian Wheat in them, to rattle and make a NoiSe, and Some of them have a Drum, made of a great Earthen Pot, on which they extend a wild Goat's Skin, and beat thereon with one Stick, P r , , bke our Tabors. the Dead. During that Rejoicing, they throw their Pre fents on the Coffin, as Bracelets, Pendants, or Pieces of Earthen Ware, and Strings of Beads, encouraging the Singers to perform their Duty well. If any Friend happens to come thither at that Time, he immediately throws down his Pre- fent and falls a tinging and dancing like the reft. When that Ceremony is over, they bury the Body, with Part of the Prefents, making choice of fuch as may be moft proper for it. They alfo bury with it, fome Store of Indian Wheat, with a Pot to boil it in, for fear the dead Perfon fhould be hungry on his long Journey ; and to NORTH AMERICA. l7S oa. 1687 *-W\J Game of the Stick. and they repeat the fame Ceremony at the Year's End. A good Number of Prefents ftill remaining, they divide them into feveral Lots, and play at a Game, call'd of the Stick, to give them to the Winner. That Game is play'd, taking a Short Stick, very Smooth and greas'd, that it may be the Harder to hold it fast. One of the Elders throws that Stick as far as he can, the young Men run after it, fnatch it from each other, and at laft, he who remains pofTefs'd of it, has the firft Lot. The Stick is then thrown again, he who keeps it then has the fecond Lot, and fo on to the End. The Women, whose Husbands have been flain in War, often perform the fame Ceremony, and treat the Singers and Dancers whom they have before invited. The Marriages of the Ifiinois laft no longer, Marriages than the Parties agree together; for they freely part after aHuntingBout, each going which Way they pleafe, without any Ceremony. However, the Men are jealous enough of their Wives, and when they catch them in a Fault, they general ly cut of their Noses, and I faw one who had been so ferv'd. Nevertheless, Adultery is not reckon'd any Adultery. great Crime among them, and there are Wo men who make no Secret of having had to do with French Men. Yet are they not fufficiently addicted to that Vice to offer themfelves, and they never fall, unless they are sued to, when, they are none of the moft difficult in the World to be prevail'd on. The reft I leave to thofe who have liv'd longer there than I. We 176 oa. 1687. How the Travellers liv'd. M. Tonty comes to Fort Le- War with the Iro quois. Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage We continu'd fome Time in Fort Lewis, without receiving any News. Our Bufinefs was, after having heard Mafs, which we had the good Fortune to do every Day, to divert our felves the beft we could. The Indian Wo men daily brought in fomething frefh, we want ed not for Water Melons, Bread made of In dian Corn, bak'd in the Embers, and other fuch Things, and we rewarded them with little Pre fents in Return. On the 27th of Oiloher, oi the fame Year, Monfieur Tonty return'd from the War with the Iroquois. Our Embraces and the Relation of our Adventures were again repeated ; but ftill concealing from him, the Death of Monfieur de la Sale. He told us all the Parti culars of that War, and faid, That the Iroquois having got Intelligence of the March of the French Forces and their Allies, had all come out of their Villages and laid themfelves in Am- bufh by the Way ; but that having made a fud- den and general Difcharge upon our Men, with their ufual Cries, yet without much Harm done, they had been repuls'd with Lofs, took their Flight, and by the Way burnt all their own Villages. That Monfieur d' Hennonville, chief Governor of New France, had caus'd the Army to march, to burn the reft of their Villages, fet Fire to their Country and Corn, but would not proceed any farther. That afterwards he had made himfelf Mafter of feveral Canoes be longing to the EngliJh, moft of them laden with Brandy, which had been plunder'd ; that the EngliJh had been fent Prisoners to Montreal, they being come to make fome Attempt upon the Ifiinois. We into NORTH AMERICA. 177 We continued after this Manner, till the Dec. 1687 Month of December, when two Men arrived, (/VVJ from Montreal. They came to give Notice to Monfr. Tonty, that three Canoes, la den with Merchandize, Powder, Ball and other Things, were arriv'd at Chic agon, that there being two little Water in the River, and what there was being frozen, they could come down no lower; fo that it being requifite to fend Men to fetch thofe Things, Monfr. Tonty de- fir'd the Chief of the Chahouanous to furnifh him with People. That Chief accordingly provi ded forty, as well Men as Women, who fet out with fome French Men. The Honedy of the Chahouanous was the Reafon of preferring them before the Ifiinois, who are naturally Knaves. That Ammunition and the Merchandize were Feb. 1688 foon brought, and very feafonably, the Fort be ing then in Want. We ftay'd there till the End of February, 1688, at which Time we fix'd our Refolution to depart, tho' we had no News from Canada, as we expected. We found there were fome Canoes ready to under take that Voyage, and we laid hold of that Op portunity to convoy each other to the Micilima- quinay, where we hop'd to meet fome News from Canada. Monfieur Cavelier the Prieft, had taken Care, Mar. 1688 before the Death of M. de la Sale, his Brother, to get of him a Letter of Credit, to receive either a Sum of Money or Furs in the Country of the Ifiinois. He tender'd that Letter to M. Tonty, who believing yi. de la Sale was ftill alive, made no Difficulty of giving him to the Value of about 4000 Livres in Furs, Caftors and Otter Skins, a Canoe and other Effects, for which, the faid N Monfr. 1 78 Monfieur de la Sale'i Second Voyage Mar. 1688 Monfr. Cavelier gave him his Note, and we pre- K^*>*J par'd for our Journey. I have before obferved, that there was a Je- fiuit, whofe name was Dalouez at Fort Lewis, and who had been very much furpriz'd to hear that Monfr. de la Sale was to come in a fhort Time, being under great Apprehenfions on Account of a Confpiracy intended to have been carry'd on, againft Monfr. de la Sale's Intereft. That Father perceiving our Departure was fix'd, mov'd firft, and went away foremoft, to return to Micilimaquinay ; fo that they were left without a Prieft at Fort Lewis, which was a great Trouble to us, becauSe we were the Occafion of it, and therefore thofe, who were to remain in the Fort, anticipated the Time, and made their Eafter, taking the Advantage of the Pretence of F. Anaftafius and M. Cavelier. At length, we fet out the 21th of March, from Fort Lewis. The Sieur Boifrondet, who was e Travel defirous to return to France, join'd us, we im- continued bark'd on the River, which was then become navigable, and before we had advane'd five Leagues, met with a rapid Stream, which oblig'd us to go Afhore, and then again into the Water, to draw along our Canoe. I had the Misfor tune to hurt one of my Feet againd a Rock that lay under Water, which troubled me ve ry much for a long Time ; and we being under a Neceffity of going often into the Water, I fuffer'd extreamly, and more than I had done fince our Departure from the Gulph of Mexico. We arriv'd at Chicagon the 29th oi March, and our firft Care was to go Seek what we had conceal'd at our former Voyage, having, as was there faid, bury'd our Luggage and Provi fions. into NORTH AMERICA. fions. We found it had been open'd, and fome Furs and Linen taken away, almoft all which be long'd to me. This had been done by a French Man, whom M. Tonty had fent from the Fort, during the Winter Seafon, to know whether there were any Canoes at Chicagon, and whom he had directed to See whether any Body had medled with what we had conceal' d, and he made USe of that Advice to rob us. The bad Weather oblig'd us to flay in that Place, till April. That Time of Reft was advan tageous for the Healing my Foot ; and there being but very little Game in that Place, we had Nothing but our Meal or Indian Wheat to feed on ; yet we ditcover'd a Kind of Manna, which was a great Help to us. It was a Sort of Trees, reSembling our Maple, in which we made Inci- fions, whence flow'd a Sweet Liquor, and in it we boil'd our Indian Wheat, which made it de licious, Sweet and oS a very agreeable Relifh. There being no Sugar-Canes in that Country, thoSe Trees Supply'd that Liquor, which being boil'd up and evaporated, turn'd into a Kind of Sugar Somewhat brownifh, but very good. In the Woods we found a Sort of Garlick, not fo ftrong as ours, and fmall Onions very like ours in Tafte, and fome Charvel of the fame Re lifh as that we have, but different in the Leaf. The Weather being Somewhat mended, we imbark'd again and enter'd upon the Lake on the 5th of April, keeping to the North Side to Shun the Iroquois. We had fome Storms alfo, and faw fwelling Waves like thofe of the Sea ; but arriv'd fafe the 15th at a River call'd ghii- netonan, near a Village whence, the Inhabitants depart during the Winter Seafon, to go a Hunt ing, and refide there all the Summer. N 2 The 179 Mar. 1688 Sweet Wa ter from a Tree. Quineto- nan River. 1 80 Monfieur de la Sale'; Second Voyage Apr. 1688 ¦WNJ HowWolves catch Goats Poutoua-tanni Na tion. Hurons and Outa- houacs Nations. The Sport is not there as in thofe Countries from whence we came ; but on the Contrary, very poor, and we found Nothing but fome very lean Wild Goats, and even thofe very rarely, becaufe the Wolves, which are very nu merous there, make great Havock of them, taking and devouring great Numbers after this Manner. When the Wolves have difcover'd a Herd of Wild Goats, they route and fet them a run ning. The Wild Goats never fail to take to the firft Lake they meet with. The hunting Wolves, who are ufed to that, guard the Banks carefully, moving along the Edges of them. The poor Goats being pierc'd by the Cold of the Lake, grow weary and fo get out, or elfe the River fwelling forces them out with its Waves, quite benumm'd, fo that they are eafily taken by their Enemies, who devour them. We frequent ly faw those Wolves watching along the Side of the Lake, and kept off to avoid frightning them, to the End the Wild Goats might quit their Sanctuary, that we might catch fome of them, as it fometimes fell out. The 28th, we arriv'd among the Poutouatan- nis, which is half Way to Micilimaquinay, where we purchas'd fome Indian Corn for the reft of our Voyage. We found no News there from Montreal, and were forc'd to flay fome Time to wait an Opportunity to go down the River. No Man daring to venture, becaufe of the War with the Iroquois. There are fome French Men in that Place, and four Jefuits, who have a Houfe well built with Timber, incloSed with Stakes and PaliSades. There are alSo some Hurons and into NORTH AMERICA. 181 and Outahouacs, two Neighbouring Nations, May 1688 whom thoSe Fathers take Care to inftruct, not ^-''VNJ without very much Trouble, thofe People being downright Libertines, and there are very often none but a few Women in their Churches. Thofe Fathers have each of them the Charge of instructing a Nation, and to that Effect have tranflated the proper Prayers into the Language peculiar to each of them, as alfo all other Things relating to the Catholick Faith and Re ligion. They offer'd Father Anaftafius and Monfieur June 1688 Cavelier a Room, which they accepted of, and we took up our Lodging in a little Hovel fome Travellers had made. There we continued the reft of May and Part of June, till after the Fead of Whitfontide. The Natives of the Country about, till the Land and fow Indian Corn, Me lons and Gourds, but they do not thrive fo well as in the Country we came from. However they live on them, and befides they have Fifh they catch in the Lake, for Flefh is very fcarce among them. On the 4th of June, there arriv'd four Cahoes, commanded by Monfieur dePorneuf, coming from Montreal, and bringing News from the Marques d' Hennonville, and Orders to fend to the Set tlements which were towards the Lake des Puans and others higher up, towards the Source of the River Colbert, to know the Pofture and Condition of Affairs. We prepar'd to be gone with the two Canoes. Monfieur Cavelier bought another, to carry our Baggage, and left Part of his Furs with a Merchant, who gave him a Note to receive Money at Montreal. I did the fame with those few Furs I had, the reft of them having been left at Micilimaquinay . We l82 July 1688 ¦VVV) Illinois and Hu rons. French River. Nipicin- gue Lake. Arrival at Montreal. Monfieur de la Sale'i Second Voyage We took Leave of the Jefuits, and fet out in four Canoes, viz. two belonging to Monfieur de Porneuf, and two to Monfieur Cavelier, one of which had been brought from Fort Lewis, and the other bought, as I have just now faid, we being twenty nine of us in thofe four Canoes. We row'd on till the 24th, when Monfieur de Porneuf left us to go St. Mary's Fall, to carry the Orders given him. The 25th, we got out of the Lake of the Ifiinois, to enter that of the Hurons, on the Banks whereof flands the Village, call'd Teffalon, where Monfieur de Por neuf came again to us, with a Canoe of the Natives, and with him we held on our Way. We proceeded to Chebonany the 30th of June, and the 3d of July, enter'd the French River, where we were forc'd feveral Times to carry our Canoes to avoid the Falls and the rapid Streams, obferving as we went a barren and dry Country, full of Rocks, on which there grew Cedars and Fir Trees, which take Root in the Clefts of thofe Rocks. The 5th, we enter'd upon the little Lake of Nipicingue, adjoining to a Nation of that Name. We got out of it again and enter'd upon the great River, where, after having pafs'd the great Fall, we arriv'd the 13 th, at the Point of the Ifland of Montreal. We landed at a Vil lage call'd la Chine, which had belong'd to the late Monfr. de la Sale. Monfr. Cavelier fet out the 14th, for Montreal, where we came to him the 17th. At Montreal we found the Marques d' Hen- nonville, Monfieur de Noroy the Intendant and other ^ NORTH AMERICA. 183 other Gentlemen, to whom we gave an Account Aug. 1088 of our long and painful Travels, with the Par- V/V>i ticulars of what we had feen, which they lift- ned to with Satisfaction, but without mention ing Monfieur de la Sale's Death. We told them the Occafion of our going over into France, and they approv'd of it, being of Opinion with us, that we ought to haften our Departure as much as poffible. We made us fome Cloaths, whereof we ftood in Need. The Sieur Teiffier, who came along with us, and was of the Reform'd Religion, knowing the Exercife of it was forbid in France, abjur'd it in the great Church of Mon treal. The 27th, we went aboard a Bark to go down Arrival at the River to Quebec, where we arriv'd the 29th, S^0130* Father Anaftafius carry'd us to the Monaftery of the Fathers of his Order, feated half a League from the Town, on a little River, where we were moft kindly receiv'd by the Fa ther Guardian and the other Religious Men, who exprefs'd much Joy to fee us, and we ftill more for being in a Place of Safety, after fo many Perils and Toils, for which we return'd our humble Thanks to Almighty God, our Pro tector. We chofe rather to take up our Lodging there than in the Town, to avoid the Vifits and troublefome Queftions every one would be putting to us with much Importunity, which we muft have been oblig'd to bear patiently. Monfieur Cavelier and his Nephew, whom we had left at Montreal, arriv'd fome Days after us, and were lodg'd in the Seminary. N We 184 Aug. 1688 Monfieur de la Sale'j Second Voyage We ftay'd in that Monaftery till the 21ft of Auguft, when we imbark'd on a large Boat, eighteen Perfons of us, to go down the River or St. Laurence, a Board a Ship, that was taking in and fifhing of Cod. We went a Board it the 30th of the fame Month, and after hearing Mats, made ready and fail'd for our dear Country, arriv'd fate at Rochelle on Saturday the 9th of Otlober 1688, whence, fetting out by Land, the 15th, the fame Providence, which had protected and conducted us, brought us without any Misfortune to Roan, the 7th oi Otlo ber, the fame Year. The End of the JOURNAL. The Remainder of the LETTER, written by him who revis'd this J o u rnai, the other Part whereof is at the Beginning of it, this being the Sequel to the faid Journal, Note, That thefe have writ of thofe Parts, but none of this par ticular Voyage. THREE Several Authors have given an Account of this Voyage ; Firft, Father le Clerk, upon the Relations he had from the Fathers Zenobius and Anaftafius, Recolets, as he was himfelf and both of them Eye- Witneffes: Secondly, The Chevalier Tonty, who was alfo a Witnefs to a confiderable Part of thofe Adven tures : And, Laftly, Father Hennepin, a Flem- ming, into NORTH AMERICA. 185 ming, oi the fame Order of the Recolets, has done it more largely, he feems to be well ac quainted with the Country, and had a great Share in thofe Difcoveries ; but the Truth of his Relations is much controverted. It was he who went to the Northward, and towards the Source of the Miffifipi, which he calls Mecha- fipi, and who printed, at Paris, an Account of the Country about the River, giving it the Name oi Louifiana. He ought to have flopp'd there, and not to have gone, as he did, into Holland, to fet forth another Edition, very much enlarg'd,and perhaps not fo true,which he dedicated to William the Third, Prince of Orange, and afterwards King of Great Bri tain. An Action for a Reli rious Man no lefs ridiculous than extravagant not to give it a worfe Name ; for after many great and te dious Encomiums given that Proteflant Prince, he exhorts and conjures him to turn his Thoughts towards thofe vaft Countries, as yet unknown, to conquer them and fend Colo nies thither, to make known to thofe Savage Nations the true God and his Worfhip, and to preach the Gofpel. That good Religious Man, whom many have falfly thought, on Account of that Extravagancy, to have renounc'd his Religion, did not confider what he faid, and confequently has fcandaliz'd the Catholicks, and furnifh'd the Hugonots with Matter of Laughterffor is it likely,that they being Enemies to the Roman Church, would employ Recolets to go preach up Popery, as they call it in Canada? Or would they introduce any other Religion than their own ? Can Father Hennepin be ex- cufeable in this Point ? In 1 86 Monfieur de la S a l e'j* Second Voyage In fine it appears, by all that has been writ by thofe feveral Perfons concerning that En terprize, that the Murder committed on the Perfon of Monfieur de la Sale was the Occafion of its mifcarrying; but that which obftructed the making of fome Provifion in that Cafe was, the faid Murders being conceal'd for the Space of two Years, and that the Spaniards of Mexico M , , having been inform'd of all the Affair, fent Sale's Fort Men, who carry'd off the weak Garrifon Mon- takenby fieur de la Sale had left in the Fort built by the Spani- him, near the Place of his Landing, before he ards* penetrated into the Country, to find out the Miffifipi. They alfo entirely raz'd that Fort, fo that Seven or Eight Years elaps'd, till Mon fieur de Hiberville, a Gentleman of Canada, and a Perfon of Capacity and Courage, famous for his notable Exploits in Hudfon's Bay and other Parts, refolv'd to reaffume and revive that Pro ject. He came over into France upon that De fign, and made an Armament about the Year 1698, fet out and fail'd to the Gulf of Mexico. ber'ville's Being an able Seaman, he fearch'd along the Expedition Coafl fo narrowly, that he found the Mouth fortheMK- oi that fatal Miffifipi and built a Fort on it, fifipi- leaving Men there, with a good Quantity of Ammunition and Provifions, and return'd to France, intending to go back with a Reinforce ment, as he did, and having penetrated far into the Country, difcover'd feveral Savage Nations, and join'd Friendship and Alliance with them, as alfo built another Fort, which he left well ftor'd with Men and Neceffaries, return'd into France ; but attempting a third Voyage, he dy'd by the Way, and thus, for want of Relief and Sup- into NORTH AMERICA. 187 Support, that noble Enterprize mifcarry'd again. But God has now provided for it, and it is the Concern of Heaven, for if France is inte- reded on Account of the Temporal Advan tages it expects, the Church is fo in like Man ner, for the Converfion of the Indians it hopes will follow. Accordingly, Providence has taken the Affair in Hand, having rais'd the Man, who is the fitteft to revive and fupport fo im portant a Project. This is Monfieur Crozat, Secretary to the King, a Man of fingular Worth, very Intelligent, Well-meaning, and prodigioufly Rich, who without going out of his Clofet, has been the Occafion of many no table Voyages by Sea, and all of them fuccefs- ful. To him, his Majedy, by his Letters Pa tent, bearing Date the I4tb of Septemb. 1712. has granted the fole Power to trade and fettle M. Crozat Colonies in the Countries defcrib'd in this mly t0 Journal, and which are known to us by the ^f" an°d °" Name of Louifiana and the River Miffifipi, from Trade in hence forward to be call'd the River of St. Lewis. Louifiana. The Grant is made to him for 15 Years, under feveral Conditions mention'd in the faid Let ters Patent, which have been made publick. And whereas fuch a Grant cannot fubfid without Blacks, he is alfo allow'd to fend a Ship to Guinea to purchaSe them. They may perhaps find there the famous Black Aniaga, Brother to a King of Guinea, whom Captain Delbee brought over into France, above Thirty Years ago. The King was pleas'd to have him Educated, Inftructed and Baptiz'd, the Dauphin being his Godfather ; then put him into his Troop of Mufquetiers, and afterwards made him 88 A Black hred in France turns to his Native Cu- ftoms. Veracruzin New Spain. Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage him a Captain in his own Regiment, where he ferv'd Honourably. Being defirous to fee his own Country again, where he promis'd to pro mote the French Trade, and the fettling of Mif- fioners, his Majefty loaded him with Pre fents, and order'd a Ship to carry him back to Guinea ; but as foon as he was there, he no lon ger remember'd he had been baptiz'd, and turn'd again as perfect a Black, as he had been before. A Friend of mine, who was an Officer aboard a Ship, and hapned to be on that Coaft in the Year 1708, had two or three Interviews with that Black, who came aboard him. He was a great Man in that Country, for his Bro ther was King. He exprefs'd much Gratitude for the Kindnefs that had been Shewn him in France, and was extraordinary Courteous, and made great Offers to thofe aboard the Ship, and to all fuch of the Nation as would go into Guinea. This Navigation to Louifiana will farther pro cure us a free Retort to the two famous Ports of the Gulf of Mexico, viz. The Havana and Veracruz, where Strangers did not ufe to be ad mitted, and which we knew only by their Names and their Situation in our Maps. The latter of thofe Towns is the Port of New Spain, at the Bottom of the Bay or Gulf, in 18 Degrees of North Latitude, Seated in a Sandy Plain, encompafs'd with Mountains ; be yond which there are Woods and Meadows, well Stock'd with Cattle and wild Fowl. The Air is very Hot, and not Healthy, when any Winds blow, except the North, which rites commonly once in Eight or Fifteen Days, and holds for the Space of Twenty Four Hours, blowing into NORTH AMERICA. 189 blowing fo hard, that there is no going afhore from the Ships, and then the Cold is very piercing. When the Weather is clear there plainly appear, on the Road to Mexico, two Mountains rifing above the Clouds, and forty Leagues diftant, all cover'd with Snow. The Streets of Veracruz are ftreight as a Line ; the Houfes are handfome and regular ; the For tifications next the Land inconfiderable, but the Front of the Town next the Sea forms a Semicircle, with a little Fort at each End. Directly before that Front, a Quarter of a League out at Sea, there flands, on a Spot of Ground, inacceffible, by Reafon of the Breaking of the Sea, a ftrong Citadel, well built and furnifhed with all Neceffaries, a good Garrifon and double Batteries of two hundred Pieces of brafs Cannon. Ships cannot anchor any where, but between that Citadel and the Town ; befides that, it requires feveral Pre cautions, because it is difficult coming to an Anchor. Moft of the Inhabitants are Mulattoes, that is of a tawny dark Colour, who live moft upon Chocolate and Sweetmeats, extraordinary fober, and eating little Flefh. The Men are haughty, the Women keep retired above Stairs, not to be feen by Strangers, and feldom going abroad, and then in Coaches or Chairs, and thofe who cannot reach to it, cover'd with fine filk Veils, which reach from the Crown of their Heads to their Feet, leaving only a fmall Opening on the Right Side, for them to fee their Way. In their own Apartments they wear nothing but a Smock and a filk Petticoat, with gold or filver Laces, without any Thing on their Heads, and 1 90 Monfieur de la S a l e'j* Second Voyage and their Hair platted with Ribbons, a gold Chain about their Neck, Bracelets of the fame and Pendants of Emeralds in their Ears. They could well enough like the Behaviour and Com pany of the French, but that the jealous Tem per of the Men obflructs them. There being a Picture of Philip King of Spain, now reigning, aboard the Ship in which my Friend was, who gave me this Account, the People fwarm'd a- board to fee it, they were never fatisfy'd with gazing at it, and there was a moft magnificent Feftival kept in the Town, on Account of the Birth of the Prince of Afturias. They underftand Trade very well, but are floathful and averfe to Labour, fond of State and Eafe. They wear great Strings of Beads about their Necks, their Houfes are full of Pic tures and Images of Devotion, decently furnifh'd with Purceline and China Goods. The Churches are magnificently adorned with Plate. All Strangers are forbid Trading there, yet fome come by Stealth and deal Underhand, by Means of Prefents made to fuch Persons as can favour them. If thofe Mulattoes call themfelves white, it is only to honour themfelves and by Way of Diftinction from their Slaves, who are all Blacks, and having got much Mony by their Labour, ranfome themfelves and fome times become confiderable Merchants. The City of Mexico, Capital of the Country Mexico and the Refidence of the Vice-roy, is about City. eighty Leagues diftant from Veracruz, to the Weftward, the Way to it very bad and ill furnifh'd with Provifions. That Country would be better in fome Parts, were it well cultivated into NORTH AMERICA. 191 cultivated by the Inhabitants. They fow but little of our Wheat, and are fatisfied with Indian Corn and Caffabi Root, whereof they make Cakes, as is practis'd in the Iflands. Their Trees and Fruits are the fame as in other hot Countries. About the Town of Veracruz, there are Bufhes of a Sort of Thorn, without Leaves, among which grows an extraordinary Plant ; for tho' it has but a fmall Stem, it fhoots out Leaves of a Cabbage Green, as thick as a Man's Finger, which grow out, one at the End of ano ther, in the Shape of a Racket, and the Plant itfelf is fo call'd. From thoSe Leaves there grows out a Sort of red Figs, very juicy, with Seeds like thofe of the Pomgranate ; the Juice is of a Violet Colour, but unfavoury. There is a Sort of Flies that cleave to it and are fo fond of the Tafte of the Fruit, that they burft and drop down dead. They are carefully gather'd and dry'd, and are the Scar let Dye, call'd Cochinilla, which is brought into Europe, and makes that beautiful Co lour. The Birds and Beafts are much the fame as in other Countries of America. There is a Sort of Bird, all red, which for that Reafon is call'd the Cardinal; this they often tame and teach to fing like a Canary Bird. This is what I have been told concerning the Town of Veracruz. As for the Havana, a Town and Port no Havana. lefs famous, in the Ifland of Cuba, belonging as well as the other to the Crown of Spain, it (lands towards the Weftern End, and on the North Side of that Ifland, almoft under the Tropick of Cancer, and about four or five hundred Leagues on this Side of Veracruz. It is large and beauti ful 1 94 Monfieur de la Sale'; Second Voyage ful ; the Port good, fecur'd by two Forts on the two Sides, and Brafs Guns, from twenty four to thirty fix Pounders, the Entrance fo nar row, that only one Veffel can go in at once. The Town is encompafs'd by a good Wall, for- tify'd with five Baftions, furnifh'd with Cannon. The Streets are all as ftrait as a Line, and level, the Houfes very handfome, but ill furnish'd. In the Midft of it is a fine Square, the Buildings about all uniform. The Churches are magnifi cent, and enrich'd with Gold and Silver, Lamps, Candlefticks, and Ornaments for the Altars. There are fome Lamps curioufly wrought, which weigh two hundred Marks of Silver, each Mark being half a Pound. The Reve nue of the Bifhoprick amounts to fifty thou- fand Crowns, and he who enjoy'd it in the Year 1703, as I was inform'd by my Friend, who gave me this Account of what he had feen, was the greatefl Ornament of that City, for his Virtues and Charity, being fatisfy'd with Ne- ceffaries, and fpending all the reft upon the Poor, and in repairing decay'd Churches. Tho' Strangers are prohibited to trade there, yet it is eafier carried on than at Veracruz. The In habitants are more familiar ; the Women have more Liberty, yet they do not go Abroad with out their Veils to wrap and hide them. Many of them fpeak French, and drefs after the French Fafhion, and fome of our Nation have fettled themfelves there. When my Friend was there, a magnificent Feftival was celebrated for fif teen Days fucceffively, in Honour of K. Philip the Fifth, and Monfieur du Cajfe being then there, with his Squadron, the City defir'd him to join with them. To that Purpofe, he set afhore into NORTH AMERICA. 195 afhore five hundred Men, who perform'd the Martial Exercife in the great Square, which was much admir'd. The Havana is the Place, where the Galeons meet. Provifions are dear there, efpecially Bread; but the Wine is not, tho' it is good. Fifh and Flefh there, are un fa vory. The Inhabitants are Spaniards. We have thought fit to defcribe thofe two famous Ports of the Bay of Mexico, as well be caufe it has not been fo exactly done before, as in Regard that the Settlement which is going to be made in Louifiana, may have fome De- pendance on them ; for the Havana lying in the Way, thofe who perform the Voyage may have the Conveniency of taking in Refreshments there, of putting in for Shelter in foul Wea ther, and of careening or refitting. As for the Veracruz, tho' farther out of the Way, the Correfpondence there mav be advantagious for the Securing of the Colony of Louifiana. But how can that fail of fucceeding, under the Conduct of Monfieur Crozat, who has the Charge of that Enterprize, and whom Provi dence feems to have in a Manner ingag'd to ad vance in Wealth and Honour, to the Amaze ment of the World, and yet free from Envy, from Jealoufy, and from any Sort of Complaints. There is therefore no Reafon to prefage other- wife than well of the Event of this Affair; the Bleffiings God has pour'd down upon all his former Undertakings, Seem to be a Security for what is to follow. There is Reafon to hope for ftill greater Bleffings on this Project of a Settlement in Louifiana, as being equally advan tagious to Religion and the State ; for the pro pagating of the Knowledge and Service of God O among 196 Monfieur de la Sale'; Second Voyage among an infinite Number of Savages, by Means of the Miffioners, who are to be fent to and maintain'd in thofe vaft Countries ; the Plant ing of the Faith in that new World, only the Name whereof is known to us, and the Redu cing of it to be a Chriftian and a French Province, under the Dominion of our Auguft Monarch, and to the eternal Memory of his Reign, will be the Confequences and the Fruits of Monfieur Crozat's Care and Expence, the Glory of his Enterprize, the Security of the large Fortune he has made in this Life, and what is rare a- mong fuch rich Men, the Earneft of much bet ter in the Next. Heaven grant our Hopes and Withes may be anfwer'd. / am, &c. The Letters Patent granted by the King of France to M. Crozat. LOUIS, by the Grace of God, King of France and Navarre: To all who Shall fee thefe prefent Letters, Greeting. The Care we have always had to procure the Wel fare and Advantage of our Subjects having in duced us, notwithstanding the almoft continual Wars which we have been obliged to fupport from the Beginning of our Reign, to feek for all poffible Opportunities of enlarging and extending the Trade of our American Colonies, We did in the Tear 1683 give our orders to into NORTH AMERICA. 197 to undertake a Difcovery of the Countries and Lands which are fituated in the Northern Part of America, between New France and New Mexi co: And the Sieur de la Sale, to whom we committed that Enterprize, having had Succefs enough to confirm a Belief that a Communication might be fettled from New France to the Gulph of Mexico by Means of large Rivers; This obliged us immediately after the Peace of Ryfwick to give Orders for the eftahlifhing a Colony there, and maintaining a Garrifon which has kept and preferved the Poffeffion, we had taken in the very Year 1683 of the Lands, Coaft s and Iflands which are fituated in the Gulph of Mexico, between Carolina on the Eaft, and Old and New Mexico on the Weft. But a new War having broke out in Europe fhortly after, there was no Poffibility, till now, of reaping from that new Colony the Advantages that might have been expected from thence, becaufe the private Men, who are concerned in the Sea Trade, were all under Engagements with other Colonies, which they have been obliged to follow : And whereas upon the Information we have received concerning the Difpofition and Situation of the faid Coun tries known at prefent by the Name of the Province of Louifiana, we are of Opinion that there may be eftablifhed therein a confiderable Commerce, fo much the more advantageous to our Kingdom in that there has hitherto been a Neceffity of fetching from Foreigners the greateft Part of the Commodities which may be brought from thence, and becaufe in Ex change thereof we need carry thither nothing but Commodities of the Growth and Manu facture of our own Kingdom ; we have refolv- O 2 ed 198 Monfieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage ed to grant the Commerce of the Country of Louifiana to the Sieur Authony Crozat our Coun- cellor, Secretary of the HouShold, Crown and Revenue, to whom we entruft the Execution of this Project. We are the more readily inclined hereunto, becaufe his Zeal and the fingular Knowledge he has acquired in maritime Commerce, encourage us to hope for as good Succefs as he has hitherto had in the divers and fundry Enterprizes he has gone upon, and which have procured to our Kingdom great Quantities of Gold and Silver in fuch Conjun ctures as have rendred them very welcome to us. FOR THESE REASONS being defirous to fhew our Favour to him, and to regulate the Conditions upon which we mean to grant him the faid Commerce, after having deliberated this Affair in our Council, Of our certain Knowledge, full Power and Royal Authority, We by thefe Prefents, figned by our Hand, have appointed and do appoint the faid Sieur Crozat folely to carry on a Trade in all the Lands poffeffed by Us, and bounded by New Mexico, and by the Lands of the English of Carolina, all the Eftablijhment, Ports, Havens, Rivers, and principally the Port and Haven of the Ifie Dauphine, heretofore called Maffacre; the River of St. Lewis, heretofore called Miffifipi, from the Edge of the Sea as far as the Illinois ; to gether with the River of St. Philip, heretofore called the Miffourys, and of St. Jerome, heretofore called Ovabache, with all the Countries, Territories, Lakes within Land, and the Rivers which fall di rectly or indirectly into that Part of the River of St. Lewis. THE into NORTH AMERICA. 199 The A R T I C L E S. I. Our Pleafure is, that all the aforefaid Lands, Countries Streams, Rivers and Iflands be and remain comprifed under the Name of The Government of Louifiana, which fhall be dependant upon the General Government of New France, to which it is fubordinate ; and further, that all the Lands which we poffefs from the Ifiinois be united, fo far as Occafion requires, to the General Government of New France, and become Part thereof, referving however to Ourfelves the Liberty of enlarging as We fhall think fit the Extent of the Government of the faid Country of Louifiana. II. We grant to the faid Sieur Crozat for Fifteen fucceffive Years, to be reckon' d from the Day of Inrolling thefe prefents, a Right and Power to tranfport all Sorts of Goods and Merchandize from France into the faid Country of Louifiana, and to traffick thither as he Shall think fit. We forbid all and every Perfon and Perfons, Company and Companies of what Quality or Condition foever, and under any Pretence whatever, to trade thither, under Penalty of Confifcation of Goods, Ships, and other more fevere Punifhments, as Occafion fhall require; for this Purpofe we order our Governours and other Officers commanding our Troops in the faid Country forcibly to abet, aid and affift the Directors and Agents of the faid Sieur Crozat. III. We permit him to fearch for, open and dig all Sorts of Mines, Veins and Minerals throughout the whole Extent of the faid Coun try of Louifiana, and to tranfport the Profits thereof into any Port of France during the faid O 3 Fif- 200 Monjieur de la Sale'j* Second Voyage Fifteen Years; and we grant in Perpetuity to him, his Heirs, and others claiming under him or them, the Property of, in and to the Mines, Veins and Minerals which he fhall bring to bear, paying us, in Lieu of all Claim, the Fifth Part of the Gold and Silver which the faid Sieur Crozat fhall caufe to be tranfported to France at his own Charges into what Port he pleafes, (of which Fifth we will run the Rifque of the Sea and of War,) and the Tenth Part of what Effects he fhall draw from the other Mines, Veins and Minerals, which Tenth he Shall transfer and convey to our Magazines in the faid Country oi Louifiana. We likewife permit him to fearch for precious Stones and Pearls, paying us the Fifth Part in the fame Manner as is mention'd for the Gold and Silver. We will that the faid Sieur Crozat, his Heirs, or thofe claiming under him or them the perpe tual Right, Shall forfeit the Propriety of the faid Mines, Veins and Minerals, if they difcontinue the Work during three Years, and that in fuch Cafe the faid Mines, Veins and Minerals fhall be fully reunited to our Domaine, by Virtue of this prefent Article, without the Formality of any Procefs of Law, but only an Ordinance of Re-union from the Subdelegate of the Intendant of New France, who Shall be in the faid Country, nor do we mean that the faid Penalty of Forfeiture in Default of work ing for three Years, be reputed a Comminatory Penalty. IV. The faid Sieur Crozat may vend all fuch Merchandize, Goods, Wares, Commodities, Arms, and Ammunition as he fhall have caufed to into NORTH AMERICA. 201 to be tranfported into the faid Country and Government oi Louifiana, as well to the French, as Savages who are or fhall be there fetled; nor fhall any Perfon or Perfons under any Pretence whatfoever be capable of doing the like without his Leave expreffed in Writing. V. He may purchafe in the faid Country, all Sorts of Furs, Skins, Leather, Wool, and other Commodities and Effects of the faid Country, and tranfport them to France during the faid Fifteen Years: And as our Intention is to favour, as much as we can, our Inhabi tants of New France, and to hinder the Lef- Sening of their Trade, we forbid him Traffick ing for Caftor in the faid Country under any Pretence whatfoever; nor to Convey any from thence into our Kingdom or Foreign Countries. VI. We Grant to the Sieur Crozat, his Heirs or thofe claiming under him or them, the Property of, in and to all Settlements and Manufactories which he fhall erect or fet up in the faid Coun try for Silk, Indigo, Wooll, Leather, Mines, Veins and Minerals, as likewife the Property of, in and to the Lands which he Shall cauSe to be Cultivated, with the Manfions, Mills, and Structures which he fhall cauSe to be built there on, taking Grants thereof from Us, which Grants he fhall obtain upon the Verbal Procefs and Opinion of our Governor and of the Sub- delegate of the Intendant oi New France in the faid Country, to be by him Reported unto Us. We will that the faid Sieur Crozat, his Heirs, or thoSe claiming under him or them, Shall keep in Repair the Said Settlements, Manufactures, Lands and Mills ; and in Default thereof during the Space of three Years, he and they fhall O 4 Forfeit 202 Monjieur de la Sale'; Second Voyage Forfeit the fame, and the Said Settlements, Manufactories, Lands and Mills fhall be Re united to our Domaine fully and amply, and in the fame Manner as is mentioned above in the Third Article concerning the Mines, Veins and Minerals. VII. Our Edicts, Ordinances and Cuftoms, and the Ufages of the Mayoralty and Shree- valty of Paris, fhall be obferved for Laws and Cuftoms in the faid Country oi Louifiana. VIII. The faid Sieur Crozat fhall te oblig'd to fend to the faid Country of Louifiana Two Ships every Year, which he fhall caufe to Set out in the proper SeaSon, in each of which Ships he fhall caufe to be imbark'd, without paying any Freight, 25 Tun of Victuals, Effects and necef- fary Ammunition, for the Maintenance of the Garrifon and Forts of the Louifiana; and in Cafe we fhould caufe to be laden above the faid 25 Tun in each Ship, we content to pay the Freight to the faid Sieur Crozat, at the common Merchantile Rates. He fhall be oblig'd to convey our Officers of Louifiana in the Ships which he Shall fend thither, and to furniSh them with Subfiftance and a Captain's Table for 30 Sols per Day, which we will caufe to be paid for each. He Shall likewife give Paffage in the faid Ships, to the Soldiers, which we fhall pleafe to fend to the faid Country; and we will caufe the ne- ceffary Provifions for their Subfiftance to be furnifh'd to him, or will pay him for them at the fame Price as is paid to the Purveyor-Gene ral of our Marine. He fhall be furthermore oblig'd to fend on Board each Ship, which he Shall caufe to fet out for into NORTH AMERICA. 203 for the faid Country, Ten young Men or Wo men, at his own Election. IX. We will caufe to be deliver'd out of our Magazines to the faid Sieur Crozat, 10000 Weight of Gunpowder every Year, which he (hall pay us for at the Price that it fhall coft us, and this for fo long Time as the prefent Privilege Shall laft. X. The Wares and Merchandize which the Said Sieur Crozat Shall confign to the Said Coun try of Louifiana fhall be exempt from all Duties of Exportation, laid or to be laid, on Condition, that his Directors, Deputies or Clerks, fhall en gage to give within the Space of a Year, to be reckon'd from the Date thereof, a Certificate of their Unlading in the faid Country of Lou ifiana; under Penalty, in Cafe of Contraven tion, to pay the Quadruple of the Duties, re serving to our Selves the Power of giving him a longer Refpite in fuch Cafes and Occurrences as we fhall think proper. XI. And as for the Goods and Merchandize, which the Sieur Crozat fhall caufe to be brought from the faid Country of Louifiana, and up on his Account, into the Ports of our Kingdom, and fhall afterwards caufe to be tranfported into Foreign Countries, they fhall pay no Du ties either of Importation or Exportation, and (hall be depofited in the Cuftom-Houfe, Ware- houfes of Ports where they fhall arrive, until they be taken away; and when the Deputies and Clerks of the faid Sieur Crozat fhall be minded to caufe them to be tranfported in- Foreign Countries, either by Sea or Land, they Shall be oblig'd to give Security to bring within a certain Time, a Certificate from the laft 204 Monfieur de la Sale'; Second Voyage laft Office, containing what they Exported there, and another Certificate of their un lading in Foreign Countries. XII. In Cafe the faid Sieur Crozat be obliged, for the furtherance of his Commerce to fetch from Foreign Countries fome Goods and Mer chandize of Foreign Manufacture, in order to TRANSPORT them into the faid Coun try of Louifiana. He fhall make Us Ac quainted therewith, and lay before Us States thereof; upon which we, if we think fit, will Grant him our Particular Permiffion with Ex emptions from all Duties of Importation and Exportation, Provided the faid Goods and Merchandize be Depofited afterwards in our Cuftom-houfe Ware-houfes until they be Laden in the Ships of the faid Sieur Crozat, who fhall be obliged to bring in one Year, to be reckoned from the Day of the Date hereof, a Certificate of their unlading in the faid Country of Louifiana, under Penalty, in Cafe of Contra vention, to pay quadruple the Duties: Re serving to our Selves, in like Manner, the Li berty of granting to the faid Sieur Crozat, a longer ReSpite, if it be neceffary. XIII. The Feluccaes, Canoes, and other VeS- Sels belonging to us, and which are in the Said Country of Louifiana, Shall Serve for loading, un loading and tranfporting the Effects of the faid Sieur Crozat, who fhall be bound to keep them in good Condition, and after the Expiration of the faid Fifteen Years fhall reftore them, or a like Number of equal Bulk and Goodnefs, to our Governor in the faid Country. XIV. If for the Cultures and Plantations which the faid Sieur Crozat is minded to make he into NORTH AMERICA. 205 he finds it proper to have Blacks in the faid Country of the Louifiana, he may fend a Ship every Year to trade for them directly upon the Coaft of Guinea, taking Permiffion from the Guinea Company fo to do, he may fell thofe Blacks, to the Inhabitants of the Colony of Louifiana; and we forbid all other Companies and Perfons whatfoever, under any Pretence whatfoever, to introduce Blacks or Traffick for them in the faid Country, nor fhall the faid Sieur Crozat carry any Blacks elfe where. XV. He fhall not fend any Ships into the faid Country of Louifiana but directly from France, and he fhall Caufe the faid Ships to Re turn thither again; the whole under Pain of Confiscation and Forfieture of the Prefent Pri- viledge. XVI. THE faid Sieur Crozat fhall be o- bliged, after the Expiration of the firft nine Years of this Grant, to Pay the Officers and the Garrifon which fhall be in the faid Country During the Six laft Years of the Continuance of this Prefent Priviledge : The faid Sieur Crozat may in that Time propofe and nominate the Officers, as Vacancies fhall fall, and fuch Of ficers, fhall be Confirmed by us, if we approve of them. Given at FONTAINBLEAU the Fourteenth Day of September in the Year of Grace 17 12. And of Our Reign the 70th. SIGNED LOUIS By the K I N G PHELIPEAUX, fcfc. Regilter'd at PARIS in the Parliament, the Four and Twentieth of September, 171 2. THE INDEX. A. ACancea's, Indian Nation, their Houfhold Stuff, Shape, (ste. p. 155. Accidents befallen the Recolets 72 Account given by an Indian 92 Adventure, a ftrange one 61 Adultery among the Ifiinois, not much regarded 175 Amiable, Ship, caft awav 36 Alligator eaten 1 2 Alligators 64 Apalache Bay 19 Arrival at Fort Lewis 168 Art of Indians to kill Goats and wild Fowl 136 AJJonis, Indian Nation 133 B. Banks of a River of feveral Co lours 163 Barbarity towards dead Bodies 100. Of Men towards Women and of Women 128 Barbier (the Sieur) marries 72 Battle fought by the Cenis 109 Beaujeu (M. de) Commander of the Man of War, forfakes M. de la Sale 44 Beds of the Cenis 109 Belle {la) Bark loft 67. How and what was fav'd of her 69 Black bred in France 1 88 Boafting of the Ifiinois 173 Boat loft 38, 55 Building, Manner of it among the Cenis 108 Bullocks found alhore 23 Bullocks (River of) 54 Buskins of raw Hides inftead of Shoes 83 C. Cadodaquio River 142 Cahaynehora, Indian Nation 148 Calumet, or Pipe 146 Canoe portable 88 Canoes (River of) 96 Cappa Village 1 59 Care of the Dead among the Ifii nois 175 Carpenter loft 52 Cavelier (Monfr.) with his Com pany, parts from the Murder ers 131. Comes to a French Ha bitation 1 5 2 Cayman Ifland 1 1 Cenis River 103 Cenis, their Country defcrib'd 104 They meet the French in fo lemn Manner 106. An Enter tainment given by them 107 Their Moveables 109. Disfi gure themfelves no. Their Manners, Religion, and Cere monies 112. Battle fought by them 127 Cere- INDEX. Ceremony of the Calumet, or Pipe 146, 155. Of rejoicing 129 At the Reception of the French 137. Other Ceremonies 159 Of dreffing a Bullock 162 Children of the Ifiinois 173 Choumans, Indians 92 Climate of the Bay of St. Lewis 66 Controverfy about Privilege 77 Confpiracy difcover'd 50. Ano ther to murder M. de la Sale 97 Copal Tree 103 Corrientes Cape 1 3 Country where they landed, Account of it 29. A fine one Crofs by a River 1 5 1 Crozat (M. de) only to plant Co lonies in Louifiana 187 Cruel Trophies 128 Currents 1 7 Cuftom of Indian Women 1 43 D. Dangerous Fruit 64 Dead, Indian Ceremony to them 140. Care of them among the Ifiinois 174 Difference between the Com manders 4, 26, 44 Difcontents occafion' d by M. Mo il. ranget 97 Difcoveries made 74 Doleful Entertainment 141 Ducking of Seamen 5 Duhaut returns from M. de la Sale 59. Endeavours to occafion a Mutiny 73. Confpires to mur der M. de la Sale 98. Murders him 99. Ufurps the Command 102. Is kill'd by Heins 123 Dwelling of French 1 5 1 Encounter with Natives 7 1 Entertainment of the Indians 134, 138, 160 F. Falls of a River 1 69 Fa ft of Indians 163 Fatigue of the Men 52 Figure of a pretended Monfter 164 Finifierre Cape 4 Filh, Plenty of it taken 47 Fill, at the Bay of St. Lewis 62 Flying Filh 5 Fort built 45. Another 49. The firft abandon' d 51. The Pofture of the Second 51. All refort to it 53 French Men, fix kill'd by the In dians 59. Seven loft and four defert 74. Two kill'd 76. Three that had been loft heard of 94. One among the Indians 107. Entertain'd by the Na tives 115. Some turn'd Sa vage 117, 119. Six go to the Wars with the Natives 125 Some flay with the Indians 132 Only feven fet out for Canada ibid. Carry'd on the Backs of Indians 1 3 7 French River 1 8 2 G. Game of the Stick 1 7 5 Goats and Bullocks found a- (hore 23 Gros (Monfr. le) dies, and others 54 H. Habit of Indians 1 43 Havana 1 9 1 Hebahamo Indians 84 Hiberville's Expedition to the Miffifipi 186 Hiens INDEX. Hiens kills Duhaut 123. Seizes the Effefts and gives what he pleafes to the reft 1 3 1 Hifpaniola Ifland 6 Holy Ghoft Bay 19 Horfe purchas'd of the Indians 91. One fold for an Ax 1 16 Houabache River 163 Houfe built after the French Manner 151. Defcription of it 154 Hunter dies with Cold 58 Hurons Nation 180, 181, 182 Huts containing feveral Fami lies 108 I. Janiquo, Indian Nation 141 Indian Ceremony of the Dead 140 Indian dies of eating raw Suet 165 Indians come aboard 21. Pre fented and fent aftiore 22. Friendly Behaviour of fome 34. Their Camp 35. Their Enter tainment 36. Affront given them 41. Their Revenge 42. Come to the Fort 48. Kill fix of the French 59. Some en tertain'd by M. de la Sale 80 One clad like a Spaniard 105 Expeft Prefents 148. Some met with Axes 148 Inhumanity 128 Inftrument for Tillage among the Cenis 109 Intrenching with Trees 81 Joutel (Monfr.) the Perfon that writes this Journal 1. Believes they were at the Mouth of the Miffifipi and flip'd it 1 8. Com mands a Company 30. Is fav'd from being murder' d by a Friend 102. Sent to the Cenis for Provifions 104. Meets a French Man among the Indians 1 1 7. Has an Indian Maid of fer' d him for a Wife 118. He and others refolve to part from the Murderers 1 20. Part from them 131. Profecute the Jour ney 149. Comes to a French Habitation 152. Continues his Journey 157. Arrives at Fort Lewis 167. Sets out for Cana da, and returns again 170 Ifiinois River 165 Ifiinois People met with 166 Their Manners and Cuftoms, Women, Children, Thieving, Boafting 173. Care of the Dead 1 74. Game of the Stick, Marriages, Adultery 175. More of them 182 K. Ketch taken by the Spaniards 10 Kind Indians 152 L. Landing, the firft 18. The fe cond 24. The third 28 Lataniers, Palm Trees 14 Lewis (Fort) among the Ifiinois 167 Defcription of it and Country 171 Lime, and Clay for Bricks 171 Living Creatures about the Bay of St. Lewis 62 M. 61 Machigamea River Madera Ifland 4 Maligne River 60, 87 Manners and Cuftoms of the Ifii nois 173 Marie {Monfr. de) drown'd 139 His Funeral 140 Marriages of the Ifiinois 175 Mea- INDEX. Meadows very fine _ 5 (, Memory of Men kill'd, bewail'd 127 Men fent to difcover by Land 3 1 Six kill'd by the Natives 19 Mexico City jg0 Mines : 7 2 Mifchief prevented _ 2a Miffifipi River, the Mouth of it pafs'd by 27 Found at laft _ rj_ Miffouris River 164 Montreal, arrival there 182 Moranget (Monfr.) Nephew to Monfr. de la Sale 30. Wounded by the Natives 43. Gives an Account of what he faw among the Indians, he was fent to 92 Difcontents occafion'd by him 97. Is murder' d 98 Moveables of the Cenis 109 Murders committed by fome Vil lains 98 Murderers return to the Camp 101. Refolve to return to the Fort of St. Lewis 1 20. Their Defign 121. Change their Mind 122. Differ in Opinion 123 N. Nahordikhe Indians 133 Nation, what is meant by it 114 Nations of Indians 90, 114, 140 O. Officers attending an Indian Chief 158 Oris, and Defioges (the Sieurs) kill'd by the Natives 42 Outahouacs Nation 1 80 P. Perfons that went with M. de la Sale 2. Left in the Settlement when M. de la Sale departed 71. Thofe that fet out with him 96 Pines Ifland 11, 12 Plants at the Bay of St. Lewis 65 Port de Paix 10 Poutouatanni Nation 1 80 Prefents made by Indians 145 To the Dead 174 Product of the Country of the Acanceas 154. Of the Country about Fort Lewis 172 Provifions hid, fpoilt 96 Q- Quinetonan River 1 8 1 Quebec, Arrival there 183 R. Rats 87 Rattle Snake bites M. le Gros 4767 Reception of Indians 145. At Fort Lewis 168 River, a fine one 32 Rochelle, Departure thence 2 Rochfort, Return thither 3 S. Sabloniere River 57 Sagamite, Hafty Pudding 113 St. Antony Cape 1 3 St. Lewis' % Bay 57. Defcription of the Country 62 Sale (M. de la) his Reputation 1 His Miftake 20. Much wrong' d 44. Goes to difcover up a Ri ver 45. Returns and fets out again 46. Goes again to dif cover 57. Returns to the Fort 67. Sets out upon another Ex pedition 68. His Difcoveries and Return 74. Refolves upon a third Expedition 75. Well receiv'd by the Natives 89. Confpiracy to murder him 97. Goes to feek his Men and is murder' d by Duhaut 99. His Character 100 Salt INDEX. Salt found in Pits 48 Salutation, an odd one 39 Samana Cape 7 Settlement, vide Fort Ships that went with Monfr. de la Sale 2 Sombrero Ifland 7 Spaniards, Indians give an Account of them 92. Take Monfr. de la Sale's Fort Spanijh Veffel feen Speeches made to the Spring of Salt Water T. TabaccoThieving of the Ifiinois Tillage among the Cenis Tonningua Village Tonti (Monfr.) Miftake Account of this Voyage Comes to Fort Lewis Torima Village Tortuga Ifland TortoifesTrade Wind Travel continu'd Travellers, how they liv'd 186 46 French '38 163 "3 •73 109 '59 in his •4 176 157 8 63 5 178 176 Trees about St. Lewis' % Bay V. Variation Venomous Creatures Veracruz in new Spain Village abandon' d by Indians Inhabited 86. Another W. War with the Iroquois Water from a Tree fweet 64 '5 63 188 8289 176 179 Way from St. Lewis's Bay to find the Miffifipi 78 Ways very bad 133 Wild Fowl plentiful 28, 29, 82, •44 Wild Fruit 164 Wild Swine 1 2 Wolves, how they catch Goats 180 Women fow among the Cenis 82 Defcription of them Ib. Do the Work at Home, their Behavi our and Habit 1 1 1 . Cuftom of fome 143. Their Orna ments 143. Do all Labour a- mong the Ifiinois 1 7 3 Woods verv Thick 82 FINIS. TEXTUAL NOTES. In the following notes references are made to page and line of the Text ; the line referred to being in every case the one upon which the first words of the quotation appear. After the words of the English text are placed those of the original French; then, if necessary, a correct translation; finally, in brackets, any explanations that may seem necessary. The collation of the original is as follows : JOURNAL HISTORIQUE du dernier voyage que feu M. de la Sale fit' dans le Golfe de Mexique, pour trouver l'embouchure, & le cours de la Riviere de Missicipi, nominee a. present la Riviere de Saint Louis, qui traverse la LOUISANE. Ou I 'on voit I' Histoire tragique de sa mort, &"plu- sieurs choses curieuses du nouveau monde. Par Mon sieur JOUTEL, Fun des Compagnons de ce Voyage, redige &• mis en ordre par Monsieur DE MICHEL. A PARIS, Chez Estienne Robinot, Libraire, Quay & attenant la Porte des Grands Augustins, a l'Ange Gardien. MDCCXIII. Avec Approbation 6r Privilege du Roy. Le Libraire au Lecteur [running headline: Avis au Lecteur] pp. iii. to xxxi. Approbation, p. xxxi. Privilege du Roy, pp. xxxii. to xxxiv. 211 212 TEXTUAL NOTES. Fautes a Corriger avant que de lire, p. xxxiv. Map, facing p. i. PREFACE Du Sieur de Michel, qui a mis en ordre ce Journal, pp. i to 10. JOURNAL HISTORIQUE, Du dernier Voyage que feu M. de la Sale a fait dans V Amerique Septentrionale, pour la decouverte de la Riviere de Missicipi, pp. 1 1 to 362. Reste de la Lettre de celuy qui a revti, a Journal, &° qui en fait la suite, pp. 363 to 381. TABLE De ce qu'il y a de plus remarquable en ce Journal, pp. 382 to 386. The French Bookseller to the Reader. N. B. — None of the marginal notes of this Introduction are in the original, save the very last. Page iv, line 5. " Snapsack." French, " paquet " [cf. p. 60, 1. 25.] P. v. 1. 13. "There are Vines which want but little Improvement." Fr. " On y trouve de la vigne a qui il ne manque qu'un peu de culture ; " — but a little cultivation. 1. 17. "Alligators, but . . . ." Fr. " crocodiles, prodigieux lizards d'eau; mais . . " — enormous water lizards [omitted]. I.21. "hurt." Fr. " hurte "—strike. P. vi. 1. 16. "a Pot or Kettle." Fr. "chaudiere." 1. 20. "do not value Wealth." Fr. "ne faire cas d' aucune sorte de richesse;" — value no kind of wealth. P. vii. 1. 20. " the Mysteries of Christian Religion." Fr. " nos Mysteres " — our Mysteries. P. viii. 1. 16. "and we look upon those Savages as Men, who . . . . " Fr. " Et peut-on croire aussi qu'un Sauvage le soit [scil. un homme], TEXTUAL NOTES. 213 quand on le voit sans Loy, sans Roy, & ce qui est le plus deplorable, sans Dieu." — And can one deem a savage such [/. e. a man], when he is seen to be without law, without a king, and, most de. plorable of all, without a God? P. x. 1. 8. "civiliz'd." Fr. " humanisez;"— human ized. P. xi. 1. 14. "O the depth of the Riches .... Ways past finding out ! " [Though the translator habitually cuts across many phrases and clauses of the original, he here piously inserts the entire Scriptural quotation, which the French writer merely suggests by the words "d Altitudo."~\ P. xi. 1. 23. "This all Christians are oblig'd inces santly to pray for." Fr. "Tout Catholique Ten doit prier avec instance;" — For this every Cath olic is in duty bound to pray urgently. P. xiii. 1. 12. "ascertain those Mistakes." Fr. " per- fectionner ces tSbauches." — Perfect those sketches [z. e. maps, etc.]. 1. 19. " let us applaud their Actions when we read them, and let us commend their Rela tions." — Fr. " applaudissons a leurs entreprises en lisant & loiiant leurs Relations" — let us ap plaud their undertakings by reading and praising their narratives. P. xiv. 1. 14. "such as are not us'd to read many Travels." Fr. " ceux qui n'ont pas la pratique des grands voyages." — Such as have not consider able experience in traveling. P. xv. 1. 5. "Roan." Fr. " Rouen " [so throughout the book]. P. xvi. 1. 4. "Wood-Men." Fr. "Coureurs de bois." P. xvii. 11. 3 and n. "well enough learn'd " "well enough vers'd." Fr. "assez lettre," "assez bien verseV' [The translator of the phrase is, indeed, 4i4 TEXTUAL NOTES. " well enough," and is quoted here only because it suggests the remark that, later on, the French adverb assez is frequently rendered by such words as indifferent, extraordinary. .] P. xxi. 1. 8. "sixty Leagues." Fr. "plus de six cens lieufis vers sa source" — more than six hundred leagues toward its source. [This is perhaps the most considerable of the translator's slips, though there are many minor errors in the transference of figures.] P. i. Title of unpaged preface. "Mitchel." Fr. " Michel." P. 2, 1. 2. " the remaining Part of the World." Fr. "les restes du nouveau Monde."- — The rest of the New World. Of course, the " Advertisement, to the British Gentry," at the end of this Preface, is not in the original. The Journal P. 2, 1. 9. "the one Brother, the other Nephew to . . . . " Fr. " l'un frere & les autres neveux de . . . " — the one a brother of M. de La Salle, the others his nephews. [There were two nephews, both apparently named Cavelier, — the name of La Salle's family; although, except in this passage and one or two others, the elder nephew is called M. Moranget. Cf. p. 41, 1. n; p. 68, 1. 11; and p. 131, 1. 13.] P. 3, I. n. "thirty tuns of Ammunition, and some Commodities design'd for Santo Domingo." Fr. " 30 tonneaux de Munitions ou Marchandises, qui estoit fret£e pour S. Domingue" — thirty casks of munitions or commodities, which were intended for Santo Domingo. P. 4, 1. 20. "eight or ten Days." Fr. "sept ou huit jours " — seven or eight days. TEXTUAL NOTES. 215 P. s, 1. 4. " laid the foundation of .... " Fr. " furent les secrettes semences, qui " were the hidden seeds, which . . . [The original figure is much more appropriate than that substituted by the translator.] P. 5, 1. 25. " 44 Minutes." Fr. " 45 minutes." P. 6, 1. 16. [The parenthesis in italics is not in the original.] P. 6, 1. 34. "Dainmaville, the Priest, . . . . " Fr. "Dainmaville Prestre Missionaire . . " — the missionary priest. P. 7, 1. 2. "The2ist, . . . ." Fr. "Lei2"— the twelfth. P. 7, 1. 19. "above five Persons sick . . . ." Fr. " plus de 50 malades . . . " — more than fifty sick people. 1. 21. "the Surgeon." Fr. "les chirur- giens" — the surgeons. 1. 22. "the first Port." Fr. "premier Port Francois " — first French port. P. 8, 1. 6. "the 26th of the said Month." Fr. " le 16 du dit mois." [Here the translator rightly corrects the original.] P. 9, 1. 13. "Aboard the Ships." Fr. " dans le vais- seau" — on the ship. P. 9, 1. 17. "the pretended Reform'd Religion." Fr. "la Religion P. R." [Where did the translator get the key to those letters?] P. n, I.4. "Zenobrius." Fr. "Zenobe" — Zenobius. 1. 13. Fr. "au matin" — in the morning [omitted]. P. 13, 1. 14. "being the 13th" [correcting the Fr., which reads " 12" — the 12th]. P. 15, 1. 26. "it grew very cloudy." Fr. "il s'eleva un gros nuage au nord " — there arose a great cloud to the northward. 216 TEXTUAL NOTES. P. 16, 1. 24. "26 Degrees." Fr. " le 28e degre" — the 28th degree. P. 18, 1. 2. "and the foremost." Fr. "&quiestoi- ent devant nous," — and who were ahead of us. P. 20, 1. 23. "25 Degrees." Fr. "28e degre"— the 28th degree. P. 21, 1. 10. "our Boats." Fr. " ndtre chaloupe" — our boat. P. 23, 1. 16. "in fourteen Foot Water." Fr. "a quatre piez d'eau:" — in four feet of water. P. 24, 1. 10. " tendred " [misprint for tended.] P. 25, 1. 21. "as soon as soon" [sic]. 1. 35. " Part of the Men were put into a Boat." Fr. "une partie s'embarqua" — a party embarked. P. 26, 1. 31. "same same" [sic], P. 28, 1. 24. "Rivulets." Fr. "marres"— ponds [cf. next note.] P. 29, 1. 33. "Sloughs." Fr. "marres" [correct, but see preceding note]. P. 31, 1. 34. "little Boat." Fr. "canot" [explained in a marginal note as follows: "Canot, est un petit batteau fait de bois, ou d'ecorces, ou de peau" — Canoe, is a little boat made of wood, or bark, or hide.] P. 36, 1. 3. Commander in Chief." Fr. "Chef." 1. 7. "deform'd." Fr. "laides"— ugly. P. 38, 1. 22. "several Sentinels." Fr. "quatre sen- tinelles " — four sentinels. P. 39, 1. 15. Village next the Fire." Fr. "village prochain du lieu " — near the place. P. 41, 1. n. "Messieurs Moranget, his Nephew, Des- loges," etc. Fr. " Messieurs Moranget son neveu, Desloges," etc. [Cf. note to p. 2, 1. 9.] P. 43, 1. 13. "together with the Concern, most of the best Persons who had followed M. de la Sale TEXTUAL NOTES. 217 were under." Fr. " jointes au dugout que la perte de nStre navire avoit cause* parmi la pluspart des honnestes gens qui avoient suivi M. de la Sale," —together with the anxiety which the loss of our ship had occasioned among most of the people of respectability who had followed M. de La Salle. P. 46, 1. 3. "two or three." Fr. " trois ou quatre" — three or four. 1. 13. "design'd to erect a Fort farther up the River." Fr. "vouloit faire un Fort plus avant dans le pays;" — designed to establish a fortified post farther inland. P. 47. 1- 2- " Men in that Vessel, who . . . . " Fr. " vaisseau, qui," — ship, which . . . 1. 20. " Marsh." [here there should be a semicolon, as in the Fr.] P. 48, 1. 2. [The following sentence is awkward enough, but it gives the sense intelligibly.] P. 54, I. 5. Le Belle [misprint for La Belle]. P. 55, Li. "These Bullocks . . . curl'd Sort of Wool." [In the original this sentence has the form of a marginal note.] P. 58, 1. 12. "a Girl & a Woman, who was shot thro' the Thigh, of which she dy'd." Fr. " une fille, une femme blessee a la cuisse d' un coup de fusil, dont elle mourut." — a girl, a woman wounded in the thigh by a gun-shot, who died of the wound. [It is doubtful whether the girl and the woman were not one and the same person.] P. 59, last line, "but exerting himself against his Misfortunes." Fr. "il seroit dit contre ses mal- heurs," [The original is here simply meaning less. The sense intended is probably that ex pressed by the translation.] P. 60, I.25. "Snapsack." Fr. "paquet" [Cf. p. iv. 1. 5-] 218 TEXTUAL NOTES. P. 62, 1. 11. "To the Northward, was the River running along by a little Hill." Fr. "On voyoit du c6te* du midy, & vers 1' Orient, la Baye, & les cam- pagnes qui la bordent, de 1' Orient au Septen- trion, la Riviere se presentoit le long d' un petit costan," — To the southward and eastward stretched the Bay and the fields which border it, from the east to the north, the river appeared along a gentle slope, — [The phrase, " from the east to the north " squints both ways; the reader must determine the meaning. Perhaps, in the editor's translation, the comma after the words "border it" should be removed, so as to make the phrase " from the east to the north " qualify the verb " border." Although the editor's studies have not qualified him to express an authoritative opinion upon this point of historical geography, he hazards the guess that this river is one of those flowing into Galveston Bay.] P. 66, 1. 8. "Colours, whereof many . " [The ascription of an agreeable odor to the colors is found in the original. Perhaps the Fr. " coul- eurs" is a misprint for "fleurs."] P. 67, 1. 20. " as I & my Men did, . . . . " Fr. "& Duhaut ayant dit ses raisons, & moy les mi- ennes, . . . " — and Duhaut having given his reasons, and I mine, P. 68, 1. 16. "Nails." Fr. " alesnes "— awls. P. 68, (foot) " little Monsieur Cavelier, . . . . " [Cf. p. 2, 1. 9.] P. 71, 1.8. " Pedreroes." Fr. " pierriers " — swivel- guns. P. 78, 1. 9. "/' Arcleveque" [misprint for " /' Arch- eveque," the name of one of the men.] 1. n. (end of sentence) "&c." [not in orig inal.] TEXTUAL NOTES. 219 P. 81, 1. 30. " curious Meadows." Fr. "belles prai ries " [an interesting use of the word curious, for fine or beautiful^] 1. 31. " Woods of tall Trees." Fr. "belles futayes." I.34. "curious shady Groves." Fr. "beaux ombrages." [Cf. the two notes immediately pre ceding.] P. 82, 1. 10. " the same Sort of Pasture Grounds." Fr. "les memes pa'isages" [in 1. 2 the same word is correctly translated "Landskip"]. I.24. "Dome or round Top." Fr. "dome." P. 85, 1. 18. " 16th" [should be 26th. as in Fr.]. I.29. "next Day being the 28th." Fr. "le lendemain 27." [The original appears to be wrong, and the correction extends to the three following dates.] P. 87, 1. 8. "Knots." Fr. " bretelles "—carriers' or porters' knots. P. 89, 1. 1. " fine curious Country." Fr. " fort beau paisage." 1. 3. ["pleasant" also stands for "beau." Cf. p. 81, 11. 30 to 34.] P. 90. Kiahoba, Fr. Kiaboha Choumenes, " Chaumenh Arhan, " Arhau Enepiahe, " Enepiahce Ahonerhopiheim, " Ahonerhopiheim Korenkake, " Koienkahe Korkone, " Konkone Maghai, " Meghai Thecamenes, " Tecamenes Kavagan, " Kavayan Kannehonan, " Kannehouan Tohaka, " Tohaha Chanzes, " Chancres 220 TEXTUAL NOTES. Orcampion, Fr. Orcampiou Ayona, " Ayano Canohatino, " Canohatinno [The curious may compare the notes to p. 107, 1. 34, and to pp. 114, 115.] P. 91, 1. 16. "curious Plain." Fr. "belle campagne." [Cf. p. 81, 11. 30 to 34, and p. 89, 1. 1.] P. 93, 1. 6. " forty ancient Indians." Fr. " quar- ante anciens Sauvages" — forty old Indians. [Later the translator uses the proper word, " Elders."] P. 94, 1. 13. Fr. " & a faire de la chaux;'' — and to make lime [omitted]. P. 97, 1. 13. "Male." Fr. "Marie" [proper name]. I.31. "Heins." Fr. "Hiens" [proper name]. P. 100, 1. 15. "at a Time when he might entertain the greatest Hopes, as the Reward of his La bours." Fr. " dans le temps qu'il y avait tout a esperer de ses grands travaux " — at a time when there was the greatest hope of the success of his enterprise. P. 102,1. 14. "Dehaut" [misprint for "Duhaut"]. P. 103, 1. 8. "drown'n" [misprint for " drown'd "]. I.30. "Lime Trees." Fr. "Tilleul"— lin den. P. 104,1.8. "the Tessieers." Fr. "Teissiers " [proper name]. P. 106, 1. 27. "in their Formalities, which consisted in . . " Fr. " & les anciens, qui venoient en ceremonie audevant de nous avec tous leurs ajust- emens, qui consistoient en . . " — and the elders, who came in ceremony to meet us in all their trappings, which consisted in . . . P. 107, 1. 1. " only their Bows & Arrows." Fr. " d'autre leurs arcs & deux Heches seulement," — TEXTUAL NOTES. 221 others their bows & two arrows only [d'autre " is a misprint for " d'autres "]. 1. 1 7 (end of paragraph). Fr. " II nous fit bien des caresses, il estoit tout nud, comme eux, & ce qui est surprenant, il avoit presque oublie* son langage naturel." — He gave us many caresses: he was, like them, quite naked; and, what is remarkable, he had almost forgotten his native tongue. [All this is omitted in the translation.] I.32. "discouse." Fr. " dessein " — design. 1. 34. " Cannokantimo." Fr. "Cannohan- timo." [Cf. note to p. 90, last name in list.] P. 108, 1. 13. stragling up and down, . . . Fr. "par halneaux." Probably a misprint for " hameaux," — hamlets. I.15. " At other Distances." Fr. "d'espace en espace" — at intervals. P. 109, 1. 2. "from the Dome" — form the dome [misprint]. 1. 3. " lash " — lath [misprint]. I. 12. "Sagamise." Fr. "sagamite." [Every where else translated " Sagamite."] 1. 18. "well cur'd, which serve them for Feather Beds, or Quilts and Blankets." Fr. "passees avec le poil, qui servent de matelats & de couvertures," — cured with the hair on, to serve as matresses and bedclothes. P. in, 1. 1. "all the Work." Fr. "presque tout le travail " — almost all the work. P. 114, 1. 17. "a whole Province, or vast Extent of Land. Fr. "une Province entiere" — a whole province. I.20. "of twenty or thirty Leagues." Fr. "de quinze, de vingt, ou de trente lieiies " — of fifteen, of twenty, or of thirty leagues. 222 TEXTUAL NOTES. PP. 114, 115. Takensa, Fr. Tahenssa Enepiahe, " Enepiahm Ahonerhopiheim, " Ahouerhopiheim Ahekouen, " Ahehouen Meghty, " Meghey Kouayon, " Kouayan Cagabegux, " Coyabegux Pickar, " Pichar Tokau, " Tohau Peihoun, " Peihoum [Cf. the long list of similar errors in the note to p. 90. In the transference of these singular names, the translator has industriously asserted the rights of the creative imagination.] P. 116, 1. 4. "a very fine Stone Horse." Fr. "un cheval entier et fort beau" — a very handsome entire horse. 1. 12. "near the River." Fr. " au-dela de la Riviere," — beyond the river. P. 117, 1. 22. "Buter." Fr. "Ruter" [proper name]. P. 118, I. 8. "N. W." Fr. "Nord'ouest." [Cor rectly rendered, but cf. p. 119, 1. 22, where the direction is given as "N. E."; in original, " Nord'est." P. 118, 1. 23. "Buter, the French Man." Fr. "Ru ter s'en retourna " — Ruter returned. P. 119, 1. 22. "N. E." Fr. "Nord'est." [Cf. note to p. 118, 1. 8.] P. 122, 1. 14. "Hautot." \Fr. the same, but prob ably a misprint for " Liotot." P. 123, 1. 1. "River that was near." Fr. "vers la Riviere " — toward the river. [Words are thus frequently inserted by the translator.] I.9. " He inform'd Duhaut." Fr. "Ilap- prit de Duhaut — he learned from Duhaut. [Here TEXTUAL NOTES. 223 the original seems wrong and the translation right.] P. 125, 1. 21. "which Way he would move." Fr. " que nous verrions de quel c6te* nous pourrions tirer," — that we might see what direction we could take [*'. e., take information as to their future line of march]. P. 126, 1. 33. "produce." [There should be a comma after this word.] P. 127, 1. 3. " and they set up their Throats, singing Several Songs as loud as they were able." Fr. "qui se mirent a chanter a pleine gorge des chansons differentes," — who began loudly to sing various songs. P. 130, 1. 24. "begn" [misprint for began]. P. 131, 1. 10. "Resolution." [After this word there should be only a comma. In Fr. there is a colon.] P. 131, 1. 13. Messieurs Cavelier, the Uncle and the Nephew, thirty Axes." [In the Fr., after "Neveu," are the words, "& pour moy" — and for me. This nephew is the one generally referred to as M. Moranget. Cf. pp. 2 and 68, and the notes.] P. 133, 1. 16. " JVahordikhe." Fr. " Nahoudikhe." [Cf. pp. 90 and 114, and the notes.] P. 134, 1. 21. "Reception." [After this word there should be a period.] 1. 35. " Cavelier and the Priests." Fr. "de Monsieur Cavelier PrStre." — of M. Cavelier the priest. P. 139, 1. 1. "Need of." [Here there should be only a comma, as in the Fr.] 1. 5. "It is to be observ'd . . . than with us." [In the Fr. this sentence is in the form of a marginal note.] 224 TEXTUAL NOTES. P. 140, 1. 31. "Nathosos." Fr. " Natsohos." [Cf. pp. 90 and 114, and the notes. h 35- "Way." [After this word there should be a comma.] P. 144, 1. 2. " Cohainihoua." Fr. " Cahainiho&a." [Cf. pp. 90 and 114, and the notes. In a mar ginal note in the Fr., this tribe is called Cahay- naho.] P. 145, 1. 9. "caressing us after an extraordinary Manner." Fr. "11 nous fit bien des caresses" — many caresses. P. 146, 1. 6. " Calumet, so they call a very long Sort of Tabacco Pipe." Fr. " Calumet garny de dif- ferens plumages : " — calumet ornamented with various feathers. [In a marginal note: " C'est une Pipe a Tabac, qui a la queue fort tongue. — This is a tobacco-pipe with a very long stem.] P. 146, 1. 16. "on his Feet." Fr. "sous les piez;" — under his feet. P. 154, 1. 12. "impatiently expected." Fr. "aspir- oient grandement" — longed ardently for. 1. 21. "rounded away at the Corners." [After this in Fr. come the words, "sa couver- ture est d'e*corce; " — its roof is of bark.] 1. 25. "deer." Fr. "certs, biches," — stags, hinds. P. 155, 1. 17. "However, some of them have more Conveniencies, but the Generality has not." Fr. "Quelques uns cependant sont plus proprement; mais generalement, non." — Some, nevertheless, are more cleanly, but generally, they are not. P- '57. h 35. "goingdown the River." [Afterthese words the following sentence is omitted: "Nous fumes bien recus en la Cabane du Chef, & traitez comme chez les autres." — We were well received TEXTUAL NOTES. 225 in the Chief's wigwam, and were treated as we had been when among the others.] P. 158, 1. 2. "referr'd" [misprint for "deferr'd"]. P. 160, 1. 9. "several burning Reeds." Fr. "des cannes seiches allunie*es,"— dry reeds aflame. 1. 34. "or Black and Red,"— Fr. "de noir ou de rouge," — of black or of red. P. 165, 1. 2. "about ten or twelve Foot high." Fr. "de la hauteur de huit ou dix piez;" — eight or ten feet. P. 167, 1. 6. "shove, so they . . . Poles." Fr. " percher; ainsi appelle-t-on la manoeuvre de la perche," — poling, so they term the act of working the boat with a pole. 1. 29. Monsr. de la Sale." [Omitted: "nommt. Boisrondet," the name of the clerk.] P. 169, 1. 25. "dangerous." Fr. "difficile." P. 170, 1. 6. [Dates omitted: "toutes choses estant prestes le 1, le 18 nous primes cong£" — every thing being ready on the 1st, we took leave on the 18th.] 1. 15. "five Days." Fr. "huit jours"— eight days. P. 174, 1. 5. "lofty Coffins." Fr. "des cerceuils elevez" — coffins placed high above the ground. P. 177, 1. 6. "Chicagon." Fr. "Chicagou." P. 178, 1. 1. "Note." Fr. "billet & reconnoissance" — note and receipt. I.33 "Chicagon." Fr. "Chicagou." [This difference in the form of this famous name is maintained throughout. The translator had de termined that it was to be Chicagon!] P. 178, 1. 34. "what we had conceal'd" Fr. "la cache " — [the same word is rendered in the same way on the next page, 1. 8. The translator was 226 TEXTUAL NOTES. apparently ignorant of such peculiarly American terms as cache, tomahawk, wigwam, scalp, squaw, wampum, none of which he uses.] P. 179, 1. 15. "Manna." Fr. "manne." [Evidently maple sap. But were there sugar maples then at Chicago?] 1. 27. "Charvel." Fr. "cerfeiiil" — chervil. I.31. " 5th of April." Fr. "le huit Avril" — 8th of April. P. 180, 1. 22. "might quit their Sanctuary." Fr. " ne sortissent pas de leur asyle," — might not quit . . . I.28. "Voyage." [Sentence omitted: "Nous en partimes le dernier du mois, & nous arrivames le dix May audit lieu de Micilimaquinay,"—We left there on the last of the month, & we arrived on the 1 oth of May at the said place of Miehili mackinac] 1. 30. "River." [There should be only a semi-colon after this word, as in the Fr.] P. 181, 1.8. "The proper prayers." Fr. "les prieres" — the prayers. P. 182, 1. 7. "row'd." Fr. "Nous voguames" — we sailed. 1. 13. Fr. "le 27"— the 27th. [Date omitted.] 1. 21. "on which there grew." Fr. "il croit" — there grow. 1. 26. We got out of it again. [Date omit ted. Fr. "le 7,"— the 7th.] P. 184, 1. 5. "Cod." [Phrase omitted after this word:] Fr. "pour venir en France," — in order to reach France. 1. 10. Fr. "vendredy" — Friday. [Day omitted.] TEXTUAL NOTES. 227 last line. "October." Fr. " Novembre"- November. P. 184, 1. 4 of the Sequel, "as he was himself." Fr. " comme luy." [There should be a comma after " himself," though there is none in the Fr.] P. 185, 1. 2. " more largely." [There should be a period after these words.] 1-3- "great share in those Discoveries;" Fr. " a eu part a de grandes dgcouvertes;"— had a share in great discoveries. P. 186, 1.18. " notable Exploits." "belles expeditions dans" — notable expeditions to. P. 187, 1. 34. "The Dauphin." Fr. "feu Mon- seigneur le Dauphin." [The Dauphin, eldest son of Louis XIV., had died but a year or two before the publication of the Fr. original.] P. 188, 1. 32. "Wild Fowl." Fr. "gibier, dont la chair est filasseuse, & sans goust; "— game, the flesh whereof is stringy and tasteless [the words after gibier are omitted in the translation]. P. 189, 1. 32. " Opening on the Right Side," Fr. " Overture au droit de l'ceil — opening opposite the eye. P. 190, 1. 18. "Images of Devotion, decently fur- nish'd . . . . " Fr. " images de piete; & ils en ont peu de veritable. Ils sont proprement meublez "—images of devotion, — and they have little that is real. They are decently furnished P. 190, 1. 21. "Plate." Fr. "mais la vie ni les manieres des Ecclesiastiques n' £difient point. Festes & Dimanches, il n' est point question de Matines, de Sermon, ni de Vespres: on cause dans les Eglises, on y rit aussibien que dans les Processions, qui se font frequemment la nuit aux 228 TEXTUAL NOTES. flambeaux." — but the lives and manners of the clergy are not edifying. On holidays and Sun days there is no thought of matins, of sermon, or of vespers: people chat and laugh in the churches as well as in the processions, which are often at night by the light of torches. [All this omitted.] P. 190, last line. "That Country would be better . ." Fr. " Ce pais seroit bon en quelques endroits, si les Habitans avoient l'adresse & le courage de le cultiver." — That country would be good in some parts, if the inhabitants had the skill and energy to till it. P. 191, 1. 2. "Indian Corn." Fr. " du gros mil"— coarse millet. 1. 24. " other countries of .... " Fr. " les pais chauds de . . . " — the warm regions of. . 1. 32. " it stands towards the Western End." Fr. " elle est a la pointe occidentale " — it stands at the western point. [One of the few instances in which the translation corrects the Fr.] P. 194, 1. 2. [Paging here jumps from 191 to 194.] "and Brass Guns from twenty four to thirty six Pounders." Fr. "bonne artillerie de 24 & 36," — good artillery of 24 and 36 [pounds]. 1. 10. "about all uniform." Fr. "basti- mens e*gaux a 1'entour." — uniform buildings around it [the plaza]. 1. 15. "each Mark being half a Pound" [not in the Fr.]. 1. 16. " amounts to fifty." Fr. "vaaplus de cinquante " — amounts to more than fifty. P. 195, 1. 4. "Galeons meet." [The following sen tences are omitted here.] Fr. " Par ce mot n'entendez pas des Navires d' une grandeur ex traordinaire; car la pluspart ne sont que des M- TEXTUAL NOTES. 229 timens fort mediocres, que la vanite* Espagnole enfle & grossit par un nom de rodomontade. Mais si ces Vaisseaux ne sont pas grands, leur charge & leur richesse le sont. Avec tout cela cette Ville, l'abord des tresors des Indes Occi dentales, est pleine de mendians: mais ils ne le sont que par leur faute, & par leur paresse."— By this word should not be understood ships of ex traordinary size; for most of them are but very inconsiderable craft, which Spanish vanity strives to magnify by a swelling name. But if these ships are not great, their precious freight is so. For all that, this city, the gateway to the treas ures of the West Indies, is full of beggars, — but it is by their own fault and by their idleness that they are such. P. 195, 1. 7. [Last clause of the paragraph omitted.] Fr. " & par dessus tout cela tient encore du Sauvage." — and, throughout the whole, savage traits still predominate. [It is to be noted that the translator's omissions in this Postscript are evidently prompted by a desire to soften the asperity of the tone toward the Spaniards.] PP. 196 to 205. " Letters Patent." [These are not in the original, which ends with a table of con tents. The " Index " is due to the translator, although the table of contents appended to the original is quite as useful.] PRINTED FOR THE CAXTON CLUB AT THE LAKESIDE PRESS, CHICAGO BY R. R. DONNELLEY & SONS CO. MDCCCXCVI Date Due All books are subject to recall after two weeks. 9857