YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 9002 07798 8724 Jfl«%^f I'he Carl Purington Rollins Collection Arts of the Book Collection Yale University Library FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. 4 BWl SI ' MEMORIAL INAUGURATION OF THE STATUE FRANKLIN. PREPARED AND PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE CITY COUNCIL, BOSTON. 1857. Geo. C. Hand & Aiery. Printera to the Ciiy. PREFACE. In complying with the invitation of the Committee of the City Council, and the Statue Committee, to prepare an account of the work of art now standing in the public square in front of City Hall, together with a memorial of the ceremonies attending its inauguration on the seventeenth of September last, the editor of the following pages was prompted by a willingness to bestow his part towards the tribute so justly rendered to the memory of Boston's most remarkable son, and to do something, however humble, towards perpetuating one of the greatest demonstrations ever witnessed vnthin the limits of his native city. Without the assistance that has been most freely given, and the information which has been liberally communicated, the task would have been one of the most difficult accomplish ment : and, but for the admirable reports of the public press, and the minute description of details thus preserved, much that was interesting on the occasion, and worthy of remem brance would have been irrecoverably lost. From the news papers, and other journals of the day, those faithful chroniclers of passing events, and from the records of various committees, societies and associations, much that will be found in the accompanying pages has been derived. (3) 4 PREFACE. It was the object of the compiler — however well or ill it has been accomplished — to be faithful to fact, and to ren der impartial justice to all who participated in the memo rable event, or who lent aid to its successful achievement; and if he has failed, through inadequacy, or the meagreness of material, of describing any notable particular, or of giving sufficient prominence to any essential feature of the grand occasion, it is hoped that the deficiency will not be attributed to any intent to undervalue the part taken by any one. The typographical execution of this memorial requires no commendation. It is all that could be vrished, and such as should have been expected from the place of Franklin's birth. The engravings that accompany certain descriptions are the best endeavors at faithful representations of a few objects of a transitory character, that without this attempt might, per chance, in a few years have been beyond remembrance and the power of portrayal. N. B. S. Boston, Mat, 1857. CONTENTS. Inauguration of the Statue op Franklin 11 Preliminary Arrangements 13 Proceedings of the City Council 13 Communicatioii from the Mayor 13 , Letter of the Committee of Fifty .14 Appointment of Committee of Arrangements . ... 16 Report of Committee of Arrangements 17 Proceedings of the Committee op Arrangements ... 19 The Committee of Arrangements . . 19 Sub-Committees 20 Letter of Famham Plummer, Esq 21 Reply of Col. Thompson 22 Letter of Invitation 26 Chief Marshal's Notice to Societies 28 Proceedings of the Mechanics 29 Proceedings of the Franklin Medal Scholars, 34 Proceedings of the Board of Trade 38 Chief Marshal's Notice to Subordinates 39 Advertisement of Committee of Arrangements 45 Names of the Marshals 46 Order of Procession 47 Col. Chickering's Notice to Mechanic Association .... 61 Notice of Grand Marshal of Grand Lodge of Massachusetts 68 b contents. Decorations . ... 75 Decorations on the Route 78 Tremont Street, north of the Masonic Temple .... 79 Court Street, to Washington Street 83 Washington Street, below State Street 84 Dock Square 86 Union Street 87 Haymarket Square and Blackstone Street ... .90 Clinton Street 92 Commercial Street 93 South Market Street . 94 Merchants Row and State Street 95 Washington Street, from State to Milk Street .... 96 Milk Street 99 Federal Street 106 Franklin Street and Frankhn Place 108 Washington Street, South of Franklin Street 110 Dover Street 117 Tremont Street, from Dover to Pleasant Street .... 120 Pleasant Street 121 Charles Street and Beacon Street 122 School Street 123 The City Hall , Ui Procession 129 The Vanguard 133 The Military Escort 133 The Boston Fire Department 136 The First Division 113 The Second Division 146 The Third Division 169 The Fourth Division 188 The Fifth Division 198 The Sixth Division 202 The Seventh Division 204 The Eighth Division . . 206 The Ninth Division ... . 207 contents. I Inaugural Services 215 Voluntary and Chorus 215 Prayer by Rev. Dr. Blagden . ... ... 216 Inaugural Oration hy Hon. Mr. Winthrop ... . 219 Ode hy James T. Fields, Esq . .274 Presentation Address by F. W. Lincoln, Jr., Esq. . 275 Address of Reception hy His Honor Mayor Rice . . . 287 Masonic Ceremonies and Address . .295 Telegraphic Announcement and Responses 297 Doxology and Benediction .301 Close of the Festival 307 Parade and Display of the Fire Department 307 Illuminations 311 Entertainments . . 312 Final Proceedings 319 Proceedings of the City Council 319 Proceedings of the Committee of Arrangements . . 321 Presentation to the Chief Marshal • 321 Appendix • • 327 History of the Frankhn Statue 327 Description of the Statue ... 374 Notice of the Artist . . 377 Letters in Answer to Invitations, 380 List of Contributors 386 PRELIMINARY ARRANGEMENTS. INAUGUEATION OF THE STATUE OF FRANKLIN IN BOSTON. The Bronze Statue of Benjamin Franklin, ''the great Bostonian," was inaugurated with becoming ceremonies, on the seventeenth day of September, 1856, — the two hundred and twenty-sixth municipal birth-day of Boston, the place of nativity and early education of this world- renowned philosopher, and after a lapse of one hundred and fifty years from the time of his birth. The general display and ceremonies on this inter esting occasion were of a most imposing character, surpassing anything of the kind ever before witnessed in Boston. The weather was extremely propitious for the undertaking throughout the whole of the day ; and nothing occurred to mar the pleasure or dampen the ardor of those participating in this act of filial duty, performed in commemoration of Boston's most widely known and most honored son. 12 franklin ST4TUE memorial. The arrangements on the occasion were ample, judicious, well devised, and carefully perfected; and were carried out in a very satisfactory manner, by the numerous persons to whom they were committed, and upon whom depended, in great measure, the success of the whole affair. The statue had been designed, modelled and cast under the direction and supervision of a committee of fifty gentlemen, appointed for the purpose by the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, from their own number and from the citizens of Boston and its immediate vicinity; and the expenses consequent upon the same had been collected through the same committee, with the cooperation of many persons and associations interested in the undertaking, by subscriptions obtained from the community at large. The proceedings in relation to this memorable event in the history of the city, will be narrated in detail in the following pages. PEELIMINAET ARRANGEMENTS. proceedings of the city council. At a meeting of the Board of Aldermen of the City of Boston, held at the City Hall, on Monday, the twenty-eighth day of April, AD. 1856: Present, Pelham Bonney, Chairman, Timothy C. Kendall, Farnham Plummer. WilHam H. Calrow, Otis Eich, George W. Torrey, John T. Dingley, James Cheever, Robert Codman, and Osmyn Brewster, Eben Jackson, Esqs. The following communication and accompanying let ter, relating to the Franklin Statue, were received from his Honor, the Mayor. Mayor's Office, City Hall, Boston, April 28, 1856. To ike Hon. City Council. Gentlemen: — I have the honor herewith to trans mit to the City Council, a communication from a sub- 14 franklin statue memorial. committee of the Franklin Statue Committee, which I beg to commend to your early and favorable consider ation, in such manner as shall be deemed expedient. Very respectfully, Alexander H. Rice, Mayor. The letter received from the sub-committee and trans mitted by his Honor, the Mayor, to the City Council, was as follows : — Boston, April 25, 1856. His Honor Alexander H. Rice, Mayor of Boston. Dear Sir : — It has been unanimously decided by the Committee of Fifty having charge of the subject, that, if satisfactory arrangements can be made for the purpose with the proper authorities, the STATUE of BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, now in process of completion imder the auspices of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, and of other citizens of Boston and its vicinity, shall be placed in the grounds con nected with the City Hall, in School Street, and shall be delivered up to the custody of the municipal govern ment, as soon as it is ready for inauguration. It has also been decided, that, unless some unforeseen obstacle shall present itself, the inauguration of the statue shall take place on our municipal birth-day, the seventeenth day of September next. prellminary arrangements. 15 The undersigned, in behalf of the general committee and by their direction, have now the honor to com municate to you these decisions, with the request that they may be laid before the City CouncU for their concurrence. Should the subject be favorably entertained by the City Council, it will afford the undersigned sincere gratification to cooperate with them in any measures which may be desirable for doing honor to the memory of the great Bostonian ; and it is hoped that such arrangements may be seasonably concerted as shall insure the security of this noble work of art, — give satisfaction to those who have generously contributed towards procuring it, — and be worthy of the character of the city. We have the honor to be, Mr. Mayor, Very respectfully and faithfully. Your obedient servants, Frederic "W. Lincoln, Jr., David Sears, Robert C. Winthrop, Stephen Fairbanks, Henry N. Hooper, Jared Sparks, Thomas G. Appleton. 16 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORLAL. Agreeably to the request signified in the above communications Aldermen Farnham Plummer, Osmyn Brewster, and George W. Torrey, with such as the Common Council may join, were appointed a Committee of Arrangements on the part of the city government for the occasion. At a special meeting of the Common Council, held on Wednesday evening, the twentieth day of AprU, Joseph Story, Esq., President, pro tern., in the chair, the above action of the Board of Aldermen was concurred in, and Messrs. Frederic L. Washburjst, William Parkman, Jonas H. French, and Joseph Story, were joined to the committee. Subsequently, on the fifth of June following, Mr. Joseph Buckley was appointed a member of the committee, on the part of the Common CouncU, in the place of Mr. Washburn, who had resigned. ^t>'- On the ninth of June, 1856, the special committee of the City CouncU submitted the following report with the accompanying preamble and resolutions. preliminary arrangements. 17 City of Boston. In Board of Aldermen, June 9, 1856. The Joint Special Committee to whom was referred the communication of Frederic W. Lincoln, Jr., David Sears, Robert C. Winthrop, Stephen Fairbanks, Henry N. Hooper, Jared Sparks, and Thomas G. Appleton, relative to a statue of Benjamin Franklin, having con sidered the subject and conferred with the parties, respectfuUy recommend the passage of the accom- panjdng preamble and resolutions. For the Committee, Farnham Plummer, Chairman. City of Boston. In Board of Aldermen, June 9, 1856. Whereas a communication has been received by the City Council, from Frederic W. Lincoln, Jr., President of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, David Sears, Robert C. Winthrop, Stephen Fairbanks, Henry N. Hooper, Jared Sparks, and Thomas G. Appleton, in behalf of the subscribers for a statue of Benjamin Franklin, proposing to place said statue under the guardianship of the City, and within the grounds connected with the City Hall, in case satisfac tory arrangements for that purpose should receive the sanction of the city authorities : 18 franklin statue memorial. Be it now Resolved, by the Board of Aldermen and Common CouncU, that the custody and guardianship of the statue of Franklin are gratefully accepted and undertaken by his native city, and that a place be assigned for its reception and permanent location between the line of School Street and a line not less than sixty feet from the present line of the City HaU, and in front of the centre of said HaU. Resolved further, that should the City hereafter propose and adopt such improvements or alterations in the use or occupation of the present City HaU lot, as shaU render the removal of the statue expedient or necessary, said statue shaU be removed by the City to such place as may be approved of by the Mayor of Boston, the President of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, the President of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the President of the Massachusetts Historical Society, the President of the Massachusetts Humane Society, and the President of the Boston Board of Trade, for the time being, or a majority of them. And it is hereby agreed, that the persons who from time to time may hold the permanent offices thus desig nated, shaU constitute a board to whom any matters touching the preservation, condition or removal of the statue, at any time hereafter, may be referred, on the part of those who have contributed to its erection. Resolved further, that the joint special committee preliminary arrangements. 19 now having this matter in charge, in concert with the committee on behalf of the subscribers, have fuU power to prepare the site which has been selected for the reception of the statue, and to make arrangements for aU such ceremonies as may be appropriate for its inauguration, on the seventeenth of September next, or on such other day as may be substituted therefor. Passed. Sent down for concurrence. Pelham Bonney, Chairman. In Cmrmnon Council, June 12, 1856. Concurred. Oliver Stevens, President. Approved. June 14, 1856. Alexander H. Rice, Mayor. PEOCEEDrNGS OE THE COMMITTEE OE ARRANGEMENTS. The committee appointed by the City CouncU to make arrangements for the inauguration of the statue of Franklin, consisting of Aldermen Farnham Plummer, Osmyn Brewster, George W. Torrey, 20 franklin statue memorial. CouncUmen Joseph Buckley, William Parkman, Jonas H. French, Joseph Story, held their first meeting on the second day of August, 1856, John L. Swift, Esq., acting as Clerk. On invitation of the joint special committee of the City CouncU, his Honor Alexander H. Rice, Mayor of the City, attended the deliberations of the Committee of Arrangements, and gave his personal and official cooperation. The chairman submitted an outline of arrangements appropriate for the occasion; and various sub-com mittees were appointed, which, with those subsequently formed, were as in the foUowing schedule : — SUB-COMMITTEES. ON the foundation for the statue: Messrs. Brewster, Parkman and Buckley. ON THE military: Messrs. Torrey, French and Parkman. ON invitations: Messrs. Plummer, Story and French. ON THE program: Messrs. Brewster, Buckley and Story. preliminary arrangements. 21 ON THE route: Messrs. Plummer, Parkman and French. on the platform and stage : Messrs. Torrey, Buckley and Parkman. ON ILLUMINATION AND DECORATIONS: Messrs. Plummer, Story and French. ON music: Messrs. Brewster, French and Story. ON THE ACCOMMODATION OF GUESTS: Messrs. Torrey, Buckley and Parkman. COMMITTEE OF RECEPTION : The Mayor, and Messrs. Torrey, Buckley and Parkman. To the abovenamed sub-committees, various matters of detaU were referred from time to time, as they occurred. At a meeting of the committee of Arrangements, held on the nineteenth of August, the sub-committee on invitations were requested to invite Col. NeweU A. Thompson to officiate as Chief Marshal on the occasion. In consequence of which. Alderman Plummer addressed to that gentleman the following note : — City Hall, August 20, 1856. My Dear Sm: — The Committee of the City Coun cU, on the inauguration of the statue of Benjamin 22 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. Franklin, have, with entire unanimity, chosen you to assist on that occasion as Chief Marshal. Hoping this appointment may be alike consistent with your duties and feelings, I am, with respect. Your Obedient Servant, Farnham Plummer, Chairman. Col. N. A. Thompson. To the invitation of the committee. Col. Thompson, accepting the appointment, promptly replied in the following words: — Old State House, August 20, 1856. My Dear Sir: — I have just received your note of this morning, informing me that the committee charged with the duty of making the necessary arrangements for the inauguration of the statue of Benjamin Frankhn, on the 17th prox., have chosen me to act as Chief Marshal on that occasion. Please tender to the committee my thanks for this very flattering token of their confidence, and assure them that it wUl afford me great pleasure to render them all the assistance in my power; aliiiough in accepting the position I cannot but feel that the choice of the committee might have fallen upon one more com petent than myself to discharge the various and very PRELIMINARY ARRANGEMENTS. 23 important duties which must necessarily devolve upon the Chief Marshal on the occasion referred to. I am, dear Sir, Yours, very trtdy, N. A. Thompson. Farnham Plummer, Esq., Chairman, &c., &c. The Committee of Arrangements proceeded forth with in the formation and perfecting of plans for car rying out the objects of their appointment; and were largely assisted by the Chief Marshal, whose services they had opportunely secured. Measures were taken very early to secure a large and fuU attendance of the members of the various mechanical trades, in their accustomed working apparel, and in the ordinary pursuit of their different occupar tions, and for this purpose the expense of the motive power was liberally offered to be borne by the city. The First Brigade of the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, under command of Brigadier General Samuel Andrews, was invited to do escort duty. His Excellency the Governor of the Commonwealth, with his suite and body guard, the Independent Corps of Cadets, commanded by Lt. Col. Thomas C. Amory, was requested to unite in the procession and be present at the ceremonies of inauguration. The Ancient and Honorable ArtUlery Company, the oldest mUitary organization in the country, chartered 24 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. by the colonial government of Massachusetts in 1638, was also invited to take part in the procession. The request was promptly complied with, and the necessary steps for that purpose -vyere taken by their commander, Hon. MarshaU P. Wilder. The officers and members of the Boston Fire Depart ment, were invited to appear in the procession, in an honorable position, to be fuU-dressed in their holiday uniforms, with their fire engines, hooks and ladders, and hose and carriages, together with such other appar ratus as appertains to firemen ; and in order to excite greater interest, and insure a fuUer attendance, the Firemen's Annual Parade, which was to have taken place at a much earlier date, was deferred from the usual time, to the day of the inauguration of the statue. Suitable and very advantageous arrangements were made with the various raUroad corporations, for the special and cheap conveyance of passengers, to and from the city, in order to give strangers from the country, and those who resided at a distance from their places of business, facUities and favorable opportunities for being present on the occasion, either to take part in the procession, or to witness the proceedings. The Franklin Typographical Society was particu larly requested to invite printers throughout the United States, to take part in the ceremonies, and add to the interest of the occasion, which was for the honor of one who had been a distinguished member of the craft. PRELIMINARY ARRANGEMENTS. 25 Instrumental music was most liberally provided for the procession, for the ceremonies and for the evening ; and, in order to supply the large demand, consequent upon the great number and length of the divisions, was, in addition to the numerous bands of this city, procured from many sources out of Boston. The ringing of bells, and the firing of salutes were amply provided for, by the Committee of Arrangements, and by the Chief Marshal. A solid granite foundation for sustaining the pedestal of the statue was laid, in workmanlike manner, by Mr. Francis B. Winter, mason ; and the necessary platforms and stages for those taking part in the exercises, and for a multitude of persons, of both sexes, to witness the ceremonies, were erected by Mr. Julian 0. Mason, car penter, under the ' immediate direction of the several sub-committees. Circulars were adopted and widely distributed, invit ing the participation of societies, associations, and all organized bodies of men, whose presence in the pro cession would be appropriate ; the teachers and pupUs of the schools, public and private; the students of Harvard College, undergraduates, and those connected with the professional schools ; the Franklin medal scholars of Boston; those who had received the Lawrence Prizes, at the Latin and English High Schools, &c. Suitable equipments and badges were provided for 26 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. the marshals, aids, and assistants, and appropriate banners for the various divisions and portions of the procession. The route for the procession, as suggested by the Chief Marshal, was adopted, taking in the places of interest having connection with Franklin's residence in Boston, the burial of his parents, and the memorial in Franklin place erected about the commencement of the present century. An order of exercises, also suggested by the Chief Marshal, and which wUl be found in his official notice, was approved by the committee, and persons were invited to take part in the exercises and ceremonies. On the twenty-third of August, the Committee of Arrangements promulgated the following letter of invitation, which had a wide and general circiUation : City of Boston : Inauguration of the Statue of Benjamin Franklin. The City of Boston having accepted the care and custody of a statue of Franklin, — executed in bronze, after a model by Greenough, under the auspices of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, aided by liberal contributions from citizens at large, — propose to celebrate its inauguration, by imposing ceremonies, on Wednesday, the seventeenth day of September next. preliminary arrangements. 27 As the anniversary of the settlement of Boston occurs on that day, it is designed to make the occasion a general holiday, and to unite, as far as possible, all classes of citizens in its observance, — embracing the several mechanic, scientific, Uterary, charitable and mercantUe associations, recipients of the Franklm medals since the year 1792, graduates of the Latin, High, and Grammar Schools of Boston, the various professions and trades, the mUitary and fire depart ments, &c. The ceremonies wUl consist, in part, of a procession ; addresses by the Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, Frederic W. Lincoln, Jr., Esq., President of the Massachusetts Char itable Mechanic Association, and by His Honor the Mayor ; prayer by the Rev. George W. Blagden, pastor of the Old South Church, (in which Franklin was baptized) ; an original ode, written for the occasion, by James T. Fields, Esq., to be sung by the pupUs of the public schools; with other appropriate exer cises. A place having been assigned for the statue in front of the City HaU, the grounds wUl be arranged for the ceremonies of inauguration, and brUliantly Uluminated during the evening. It is highly import ant that the various associations, societies, and trades, intending to join in the procession, should give the earliest possible notice of such intention to the Chief 28 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. Marshal, Colonel NeweU A. Thompson, or to the Com mittee of Arrangements, at the City Hall. Farnham Plumjier, Osmyn Brewster, George W. Torrey, Joseph Buckley, William Parkman, Jonas H. French, Joseph Story, Committee. City Hall, Boston, August 23, 1856. In aid and furtherance of the above letter of invi tation, the Chief Marshal gave publicity to the fol lowing notice: — City of Boston : Inauguration of the Franklin Statue. Marshal's Notice. The Chief Marshal respectfully requests such asso ciations, societies and other bodies as propose to unite in the festivities of the seventeenth instant, to give him notice to that effect as soon as possible, to enable him to arrange the order of procession. It wiU be quite desirable to have each society mention the date of its organization. N. A. Thompson, Chief Marshal preliminary arrangements. 29 Most of the parties to whom the letter of the committee was addressed, replied, promising their cooperation and assistance in carrying out the design of the committee; and partly in honor of Franklin and partly for designating the various bodies, badges in great variety were prepared for the occasion. Engrav ings of the medaUions which Prof Daniel E. Groux proposed for commemorating the inauguration were printed for the use of the citizens generally. The foUowing notices of meetings of the mechan ical trades, of the medal scholars, and of the Board of Trade, will sufficiently Ulustrate the proceedings of the various bodies preparatory to joining the procession. Proceedings of the Mechanics. In response to the invitation of the Committee of Arrangements on the occasion of inaugurating the statue of Franklin, many gentlemen representing the different mechanical trades met in the Common Council Chamber m the City Hall, for the purpose of making suitable arrangements for participating in the cere monies attending the inauguration. The foUowing were the proceedings at the meetings : Boston, September 1, 1856. At a meeting of the mechanics caUed for the pur pose of taking into consideration the subject of a rep- 30 franklin statue memorial. resentation of the different trades and professions at the inauguration of the Franklin Statue on the sev enteenth instant, Henry N. Hooper was chosen chair man, and Josiah B. Richardson secretary. On motion it was voted that a committee be ap pointed to take such measures as they may deem proper to bring out the mechanical trades at the inau guration of the Franklin Statue on the seventeenth instant, with power to add to their number. And the foUowing gentlemen were appointed as the com mittee : — Grilhert Nourse, Dealer in Agricultural Implements. J. H. Thomdike, Architect. Gr. J. F. Bryant, Architect. Mark Worthley, Boxmaker. P. Huhhell, Brickmaker. Lewis Winde, Boathuilder. Edward Winsor, Boathuilder. John F. Pray, Bootmaker. Eohert Nute, Bootmaker. Benjamin Bradley, Bookhinder. J. G. Eoherts, Bookhinder. George Kurtz, Baker. Frederick W. Morse, Baker. J. J. Adams, Brush Maker. WUham Blake, Brass Pounder. A. J. Gavett, Brass Founder. D. E. Poland, Carpenter. Joh A. Turner, Carpenter. Jonas Fitch, Carpenter. L. Miles Standish, Carpenter. E. L. Bird, Carriage Builder. Thomas Goddard, Carriage BuUder. E. C. Leman, Cork Cutter. preliminary arrangements. 31 Charles Copeland, Confectioner. Joseph Clark, Clockmaker. Edward Howard, Clockmaker. Charles Emerson, Contractor. WiUiam Beals, Coppersmith. WUliam P. Tuckerman, Coppersmith. Benjamin Beal, Coppersmith. John P. Oher, Cooper. James HaU, Die Sinker. Joseph H. Merriam, Die Sinker. John A. Whipple, Daguerreotypist. G. M. Silshee, Daguerreotypist. John Souther, Engine Builder. WUham A. Orcutt, Electrician. J. E. Hazelton, Furniture Manufacturer. James G. Blake, Furniture Manufacturer. WiUiam C. Hunneman, Fire Engine Builder. N. W. Turner, Gas Fixture Manufacturer. WiUiam F. Shaw, Gas Fixture Manufacturer. J. L. Drew, Gold Beater. Warren Bacon, Gold Beater. John Hastings, GUder. J. N. Howe, Glass Manufacturer. P. S. Slane, Glass Manufacturer. S. G. Pratt, Harness Manufacturer. Thomas Sprague, Harness Manufacturer. G. H. Kichards, Hatter. A. Hohhs, House Carver. S. D. Bates, House Paiater. J. D. Howard, Iron Founder. J. M. Perrigo, Iron Founder. Irah Chase, Jr., Iron Furniture Manufacturer. William B. Coifin, Iron Manufacturer. R. Crooker, Iron Manufacturer. J. Femald, Iron Safe Manufacturer. Charles Roherts, Iron Safe Manufacturer. J. M. Ford, Jeweller. E. Rohinson, Locksmith. George P. Tewkshury, Dealer in Life Preservers. 32 franklin statue memorial. Nathaniel Adams, Mason. A. Wentworth, Marhle Worker. Charles Torrey, Marhle Worker. J. H. Wilcox, Organ BuUder. William White, Printer. Emory N. Moore, Printer. Isaac Adams, Printing Press and Steam Engine Maker. Thomas E. Chickering, Piano Forte Manufacturer. G. H. Davis, Piano Forte Manufacturer. John Hatchman, Picture Frame Maker. WilUam Pearee, Plumher. L. F. PoUard, Plumher. Joseph M. Wightman, PhUosophical Instrument Maker. J. R. Bigelow, Paper Hanging Manufacturer. Zenas AUen, Paper Hanging Manufacturer. Jonathan Peirce, Pump and Block Maker. Charles S. Huhhard, Rope Maker. Francis Low, Jr., Rigger. Holmes Hinkley, Steam Engine Builder. Harrison Loring, Steam Engine BuUder. Mark Gookins, Steam Engine BuUder. Thomas W. Brown, Shipwright. Samuel D. Curtis, Shipwright. Donald McKay, Ship BuUder. J. Pratt, Jr., Ship BuUder. William Griffith, Saw Manufacturer. J. A. Jackson, Sculptor. W. B. Gleason, Ship Carver. - Gardner ChUson, Stove and Furnace Manufacturer. Leopold Herman, Stove and Furnace Manufacturer. J. W. T. Stodder, Sheet Iron Worker. T. D. Morris, Sign Pamter. L. Somerhy, Sign Painter. John Farrington, SUversmith. F. L. Harding, Silversmith. Joseph L. Ross, School Furniture Manufacturer. WiUiam 0. Grover, Sewing Machine Manufacturer. James E. Root, Sewing Machine Manufacturer. Elizur Baldwin, Stone Cutter. PRELEVHNARY ARRANGEMENTS. 33 J. B. Whitaker, Stone Cutter. WUham Marble, SaUmaker. A. S. BurreU, Saihnaker. SeweU Phelps, Type Founder. Moses Sprague, Trunk Maker. S. N. Neat, Trunk Maker. J. D. Brown, Tobacconist. N. Waterman, Tinsmith. H. E. Armington, TaUor. James M. Jacobs, TaUor. James Paul, Upholsterer, Andrew Lawrence, Upholsterer. J. B. Richardson, Wrought Iron Pipe Manufacturer. C. C. Walworth, Wrought ton Pipe Manufacturer. Nelson Howe, Dealer in Woodenware. At an adjourned meeting, held on the fifth of Sep tember, the foUowing gentlemen were added to the committee appointed on the first of September : — N. Hunt, Belt Maker. George H. Marden, Window Shade Maker. J. EUison, Window Shade Maker. S. 0. Abom, Hatter. Francis Bush, Hatter. Thomas Thacher, Jr., Iron Founder. William H. Howard, Iron Founder. Antoine Mattel, Confectioner. Moses Jaquith, Paper Ruler. R. P. Haines, Paper Ruler. F. A. Bradford, Wood Turner. C. C. Coolidge, Wood Turner. Lewis P. Moody, Papier Maohe Manufacturer. WiUiam Tileston, Papier Mache Manufacturer. Francis Chichi, Statuary Manufacturer. Paul Garey, Statuary Manufacturer. George T. Blake, Furniture Manufacturer. Augustus Eliaers, Furniture Manufacturer. 34 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. A. D. Wood, Furniture Manufacturer. J. D. Wilde, Furniture Manufacturer. J. Borrowscale, Slater. Hugh Riley, Slater. H. K. Moore, Steam Guage Manufacturer. The workmen of the Ames Manufacturing Company, of Chicopee, were invited to appear in the procession with the mechanics of Boston. Members of the committee appointed to represent the several trades, were requested to give as early notice as possible to Col. Chickering, marshal of the second division, of their decision to join in the pro cession. Proceedings of the Franklin Medal Scholars. The Franklin Medal Scholars held a meeting in City Hall, on Monday, the eighth day of September, in compliance with the following notice pubUshed in the newspapers: — City of Boston. To the gentlemen who have received Franklin med als at the Boston schools, since the year 1792 : Having been invited by the Committee of Arrange ments to join in the ceremonies of the inauguration of a statue of Benjamin Franklin, on the seventeenth of September, you are respectfuUy requested to meet at the Common Council Room, City Hall, on Monday, the preliminary arrangements. 35 eighth instant, at half past eight o'clock, P.M., to make such arrangements as may be deemed suitable to the occasion. James Savage, Isaac Harris, Robert Lash, Isaac Parker, James C. Wild, Ezra Lincoln. September 2, 1856. At this meeting it was voted to attend the cere monies of inauguration, a committee of arrangements was appointed, and Col. Ezra Lincoln was selected to act as the chief marshal on the occasion. In consequence of which, the foUowing notices were made pubUc: — Franklin Medal Scholars. The Franklin Medal Scholars having accepted the in vitation of the city authorities to unite with the proces sion on the seventeenth instant, on the occasion of the inauguration of the Franklin Statue, the undersigned were appointed a committee to make the necessary arrangements, and they would extend a cordial invita tion to aU who have been the recipients of Franklin's medals, from 1792 to 1856, and to all the present and past masters of the boys' schools, to join with them on this interesting occasion. The medal boys, old and young,, with their mas- 36 FRANKLESr STATUE MEMORIAL. ters, are invited to meet at the Melodeon, on Washing ton Street, on Wednesday mornuig, at eight o'clock, to give opportunity before the procession moves, for a pleasant re-union of old acquaintance. The badge to be worn on the occasion wUl be the Franklin medal, suspended by a blue ribbon, one inch wide, around the neck. The committee have made choice of Col. Ezra Lin coln for chief marshal, who wUl appoint his aids and assistants, and take the whole charge of this part of the procession. Jajmes T. Austin, Benjamin Pope, John C. Park, Granville Mears, John C. Pratt, L. H. Bradford, George W. Messinger, Joseph S. Jones, William H. Dennett, William S. Thacher, Joseph West, Isaac Harris, Andrew T. Hall, Ezra Lincoln, Gideon F. Thayer, F, U. Tracy, Frederick A. Benson, S. H. Jenks, E. F. Pratt, Charles J. Morrill. James T. Austin, Chairman. John C. Pratt, Secretary. The chief marshal of the Franklin medal scholars has appointed as aids : J. WUey Edmands, John C. Park, Andrew T. Hall, George W. Messinger. preliminary ARR/VNGEMENTS. 37 And the following assistant J. Thomas Stevenson, N. H. Emmons, R. A. Bartlett, John C. Pratt, Charles J. MerrUl, Frederick A. Benson, Frederick U. Tracy, Aaron H. Bean, WendeU PhUlips, Bradley N. Cumings, Henry S. M'Kean, John B. Baker, Patrick RUey, Charles H. Appleton, Andrew J. Gavett, Charles S. Kendall, Joseph Gavett, marshals : L. H. Bradford, Martin L. Bradford, Franklin B. HaU, George H. Gay, WUUam S. Thacher, Charles Hale, Thomas B. HaU, Francis J. ChUds, Francis S. Williams, Samuel H. Gibbens, Jacob H. Hathorne, Edward H. Ammidown, John S. Babcock, Frederick L. Williams, Uriel H. Crocker, James P. Brewer, F. A. Osborn, J. Augustine Hale. The gentlemen above named will please signify their acceptance on or before Monday, the fifteenth instant, to the imdersigned, and report themselves at the Melo deon, at eight o'clock, promptly, on the morning of the seventeenth, in dark clothes and black hats. Ezra Lincoln, Chief Marshal F. M. Scholars. September 11, 1856. 38 FRANKLDST STATUE MEMORIAL. Previous to this, an order had passed the Board of School Committee, by which aU Franklin medal scholars who had bst their medals, could on application, be fur nished with new ones, at their own expense; thus enabling many to appear in the procession with the proper badge and decoration. Proceedings of the Board op Trade. The merchants of Boston held a meeting for the pur pose of taking suitable measures to appear in the procession, and after transacting the necessary business, published the following: — Boston Board of Trade. Merchants of Boston who ¦v^ould like to participate with the Board of Trade in the ceremonies of the inau guration of the statue of Benjamin Franklin, on the seventeenth instant, are invited to send in their names to the secretary, at No. 9 Merchants Exchange. Suit able badges will then be provided for them ; and they wiU be proposed for admission as members, at the next regular meeting of the Government of the Board. The Board wiU meet in the reading room of the Merchants Exchange, at half past nine o'clock, on the morning of the seventeenth instant. A large number of the members have already signified their intention PRELIMINARY ARRANGEMENTS. 39 of being present. It is hoped that aU wUl come, and that those who have not received their badges wiU notify the secretary immediately. James M. Beebe, Samuel Lawrence, James Lawrence, James H. Beal, William J. Cutler, Isaac C. Bates, Committee of Arrangements. 9 Merchants Exchange, Sept. 12, 1856. In this stage of the proceedings, the Chief Marshal promulgated his notice to his aids and assistants, in the foUowing words: — Inauguration of the Statue of Franklin, Boston, Sep tember 17, 1856. Notice to Marshals. The whole corps of mounted marshals wUl assemble at the residence of the chief in Boylston Street, west of Charles Street, on the morning of the seventeenth, at half past eight o'clock precisely ; and from thence wUl proceed in a body to the corner of Park and Tremont Streets, which point wUl be the head quarters of the chief, untU the procession moves. On arriving at Park Street, chiefs of divisions and their aids wiU proceed at once to the points designated 40 franklin statue memorial. in the program for the formation of their respective divisions, and the assistant marshals wUl forthwith report to the chiefs of divisions to which they are assigned for duty, as follows: — Marshals Dwight B. Hooper and Charles H. Dudley are assigned to the first division, and wUl report to Gen. Tyler, at the State House. Marshals George F. Woodman, WUliam W. Rhoades, H. K. Moore, James M. Stevens, and Dexter N. Richards are assigned to the second division, and will report to Col. Chickering, in Tremont Street, at the head of West Street. Marshals Nathaniel C. Stearns, Luther L. Tarbell, Amasa N. Cook, and Wm. H. Learned, Jr., are assigned to the third division, and will report to Captain Rogers, in Boylston Street, at the corner of Tremont. Marshals George Greig, Preston A. Ames, William P. Jones, and Franklin H. Sprague, are assigned to the fourth division, and wUl report to Hon. Moses KimbaU, near the head of Tremont Street Mall. Marshals Joseph D. Coburn and Geo. E. Learned are assigned to the fifth division, and will report to Major Tappan, at the easterly end of the Mall leading from opposite West Street to the Providence Railroad Depot. Marshals John J. Mann and Edward W. Rowland are assigned to the sixth division, and will report to Edmund F. Cutter, Esq., at the southerly end of the MaU, leading from West to Joy Streets. PRELIMUSTARY ARRANGEMENTS. 41 Marshals Joseph H. Sawyer and George Bush are assigned to the seventh division, and wUl report to Joseph West, Esq., in the Park Street MaU. Marshals Andrew J. Loud and George A. Bachelder are assigned to the eighth division, and will report to Nathaniel Winsor, Jr., Esq., in Winter Street, near the Corner of Tremont. Marshals Abel Horton, Edmund Boynton, James H Long and Richard B. Everett, are assigned to the fire department, and wUl report to Capt. Smith, Chief En gineer, in West Street, near the corner of Tremont. It wUl be their duty to see that the department is brought into its proper position in the procession, the moment the mUitary escort wheels into column. Chiefs of divisions are each requested to appoint a standard-bearer and two assistants, to take charge of their respective division banners. These banners have been provided by the Committee of Arrangements to designate the points of formation of the several divisions. They should each be in position at or before nine o'clock, A.M., and will be borne at the head of divisions (front of the band) on the line of march. Chiefs are requested to instruct their standard-bearers to preserve a distance of at least twenty feet between the several divisions. These banners are at City Hall, subject to the order of chiefs of divisions. The marshals wUl find horse equipments on Tues- 42 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. day, sixteenth, at Mr. Joseph S. Read's, Sudbury Street, which wUl be delivered upon the written order of each marshal, who wUl indicate to Mr. Read the position he is to occupy in the procession. And the same course wUl be pursued in the delivery of chapeaus, batons and sashes, by Messrs. Bent and Bush. Formation of the Procession. As soon as the mUitary escort arrives at its position in line in Tremont Street, and is ready to receive the procession, the fire department wUl move up so as to occupy a position about twenty paces from its left flank, and there rest untU the brigade wheels into column and takes up the line of inarch. The moment the escort moves, the department wUl also move, and as soon as its left flank has wheeled into Tremont Street, the second division wUl follow and proceed to a point about opposite the west side of Park Street, and there rest until the first division shall have filled out of Park Street, when the second division wiU again take up its line of march and close on to the first division. As soon as the left flank of the second division arrives opposite Boylston Street, the third division wUl be ready to march, and wUl at once close on to the second. When the left flank of the third division arrives oppo site West Street, the chief marshal of the fourth division wiU order his division to move, filing out of the Park Street gate and into Tremont Street, so as PRELIMESTARY ARRANGEMENTS. 43 to close on to the third division the moment that division arrives opposite Park Street. As soon as the left flank of the fourth division uncovers the right of the fifth division, that division wUl close on to the fourth; and the chiefs of the sixth and seventh divi sions will be prepared to march and close on to pre ceding divisions with all possible dispatch. As soon as the seventh division commences to march, the chief marshal of the eighth division wiU move out of Winter Street into Tremont Street, and take position so that the moment the left flank of the seventh division wheels into Tremont Street, the eighth wUl be ready to close on to that division, and thus complete the for mation of the entire procession without delay. Disposal of the Procession. When the head of the procession arrives in School Street, the mUitary escort wUl come into Une, with its left flank resting at Tremont Street. WhUe the troops are making this movement, the procession wUl stiU continue its line of march, the fire department wheeling to the right and passing up Tremont Street towards the Common. The first division wUl then pass down School Street, and into the enclosure in front of City Hall, where Chief Marshal Stevenson and his assistants wUl receive the City Government and its guests, and conduct them to their appropriate seats on the platform. As soon as the first division passes into 44 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. School Street, the second division wUl wheel to the right into Tremont Street, pass off towards the Common, and disperse. The third division wUl then follow on in regular order, passing up or down Tremont Street, as may be most convenient. The fourth division, when its head arrives at Tremont Street, wiU open to the right and left, and the officers of the Grand Lodge wUl proceed, under escort of the De Molay Encampment of Templars, to the enclosure in front of City Hall, and the chief marshal of that division and his aids will conduct the Grand Master and his associates to the platform. The remainder of that division will pass off at Tremont Street to the Masonic Temple and be dis missed ; and aU other divisions, alternately, as they arrive at Tremont Street, will pass off either up or down Tremont Street, as may be most convenient to them, and be dismissed. After delivering up the procession, the several mounted marshals will dismount, dispose of then' horses, and proceed to the platform or not, as may be most agreeable to them ; but immediately after the close of the ceremonies of inauguration, they, together with the marshals serving on the platform, wiU meet the Chief Marshal and Committee of Arrangements at the Tremont House. The Chief Marshal relies upon the utmost punctu- aUty and dispatch on the part of those who have done him the honor to accept posts of duty on this inter- PRELIMINARY ARRANGEMENTS. 45 esting occasion ; and pledges himself to cooperate with them in carrying out the arrangements of the day in a manner ahke honorable to the memory of that iUus- trious statesman and phUosopher, Benjamin Franklin, and to the city of his birth. N. A. Thompson, Chief Marshal. Boston, September 12, 1856. The Committee of Arrangements in conjunction with the Chief Marshal then caused the foUowing advertisement to be pubUshed in the newspapers, thereby giving to the public all the information necessary to a sufficient comprehension of the whole subject relating to the inauguration of the statue : — City op Boston: Ceremonies at the Inauguration of the Statue of Franklin, September 17, 1856. committee of aerangements. Faknham Plummek, Joseph Buckley, OsMTN Bkewstee, Jonas H. French, Geoege W. Torrey, William Parkman, Joseph Story. At sunrise and at the close of the ceremonies of inauguration, the beUs of the city will be rung for one hour, and salutes will be fired. In the forenoon a procession will be formed under the direction of Col. Newell A. Thompson, Chief Marshal of the day, assisted by the fol- 46 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. lowing named gentlemen who have been appointed to act as Aids, Chiefs of Divisions, Aids to Chiefs of Divisions, and Assistant Marshals, viz. : Otis KimbaU, Wilham S. Kmg, Gen. James Dana, WUham W. Baker, WUham W. Clapp, Jr. E. W. Pike, Joseph F. Hovey, Alexander Boyd, D. F. McGilvray, J. WUlard Rice, Gen. John S. Tyler, Col. Thomas E. Chickering, Capt. Charles 0. Rogers, Hon. Moses KimbaU, Maj. Lewis W. Tappan, Edmund P. Cutter, Josejjh West, Nathaniel Winsor, Jr. John L. Emmons, Frederic W. Lincoln, Maj. Charles H. Appleton, Josiah B. Richardson, Maj. Charles G. Kmg, Granville Mears, Abel Tompkins, Ral23h W. Newton, N. W. Thompson, H. W. Harrington, Theodore H. Dugan, Wyzeman Marshall, Dr. E. G.- Tucker, Peter Butler, Jr. Samuel H. Gookin, Charles H. Allen, James M. Seth E. Brown, C. Allen Richards, J. Edward Dodd, James Dennie, Jr. G. G. Kidder, Dr. H. I. Bowditch, George Dickinson, George F. Woodman, A. N. Cook, E. W. Rowland, John J. Mann, WiUiam W. Rhoades, William P. Jones, Dwight B. Hooper, P. A. Ames, George E Learned, Luther L. TarbeU, Richard B. Everett, Joseph H. Sawyer, Charles H. Dudley, WiUiam H. Learned, Jr. H. K. Moore, Joseph D. Coburn, Franklin H. Sprague, George Greig, George A. Batchelder, Edmund Boynton, Dexter N. Richards, Abel Horton, Nathaniel C. Stearns, Andrew J. Loud, George H. Chapman, J. H. Long, George Bush, Stevens. PRELEVHNARY ARRANGEMENTS. 47 ORDER OF PROCESSION. A body of Mounted Police. ESCOET: The First Brigade of Massachusetts Militia, under command of Brig. Gen. Samuel Andrews, consisting of the Boston Light ArtiUery, Major M. G. Cobb. The National Lancers and Boston Light Dragoons, constituting a Squadron of Cavahy, under command of Major T. J. Pierce. The First Regunent of Infantry, Col. R. I. Burhank. The Second Regiment of Infantry, Col. W. W. BuUock. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT OF BOSTON, in Uniform, under command of Capt. Elisha Smith, Jr., Chief Engineer. Board of Engineers. Engine Companies with Engines drawn by members, preceded by banners. Hook and Ladder Companies, with carriages, each drawn by two horses, and preceded by banners. Hose Companies with their Hose Carriages, drawn by members and preceded by banners. BAND. Newell A. Thompson, Chief Marshal, AIDS. AIDS. WUham S. Kmg, Otis KhnbaU, WUUam W. Baker, Gen. James Dana, B. W. F\ke, WUliam W. Clapp, Jr. Alexander Boyd, Joseph F. Hovey, J. WUlard Rice, D. F. McGUvray. PLRST DIVISION. Gen. John S. Tyler, Chief Marshal. AID. AID. Charles H. Appleton. Frederic W. Lincoln. Embracing the City Government, invited guests, and other official per sonages — flanked by the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, in 48 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. uniform, (with side arms,) imder command of the Hon. Marshall P. WUder. Chief of Police and Deputies, mounted. His Honor the Mayor of Boston. Orator, Chaplain, and Odist of the Day. Committee of Arrangements. President of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association. Franklin Statue'Compiittee. American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Chairman and Members of the Board of Aldermen. President and Members of the Common CouncU. The Independent Company of Cadets, under command of Col. Thomas C. Amory, acting as special escort to His Excellency the Governor of Massachusetts. Sheriff of SuffoUi. His ExeeUency the Governor of Massachusetts and Staff, and Adjutant General. His Honor the Lieutenant Governor and Executive CouncU of Massa chusetts. Governors of other States and other distmguished strangers specially invited. Past Governors of Massachusetts. Delegation from the City of Philadelphia. President and Faculty of Harvard College. Presidents and Faculties of other New England CoUeges. Commissioners and Trustees of the Public Library. The Reverend Clergy. Senators and Representatives from Massachusetts m the Congress of the United States. Judges of the United States and Massachusetts Supreme Court, and Attorney General of Massachusetts. Ex-Members of Congress from Massachusetts. Members and Ex-Members of Congress from other States. President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives of Massachusetts. PRELIMINARY ARRANGEMENTS. 49 Sergeant-at;Anns and Members of the Legislature of Massachusetts. Secretary, Treasurer and Auditor of the Commonwealth, and Clerks of the Senate and House of Representatives. Foreign Consuls. Secretary of the Board of Education. Secretary of the Board of Agriculture. City Clerk, Treasurer, Auditor, and Sohcitor. Clerk of the Common CouncU and City Printers. Past Mayors of Boston. Past Presidents of the Common Council. Past Aldeimen. Assessors and Assistant Assessors. Other Heads of Depai-tments of the City Government. Superintendent of the Pubhc Schools, and School Committee. Overseers of the Poor, Directors and other Officers of City Institutions. City, Port and Consulting Physicians. Special Deputations of the Different Societies, Associations and Organ ized Bodies represented in the Procession. Officers of the Army and Navy of the United States. Officers of the MUitia of Massachusetts, in uniform. United States Marshal and Deputies. Clerks and Officers of United States Courts. Commissioners of United States Courts. United States District Attorney and Postmaster. Collector of the Port and other Officers of the Customs. Officers of the Revenue Service. Navy Agent, Naval Store Keeper and other United States CivU Officers. Sheriflfe of the State. Judges, Clerks, and officers of the State, County and City Courts. Judges and Registers of Probate, Registers of Deeds, and District At torneys throughout the Commonwealth. Deputy Sheriflfe of Suffolk County, and Constabulary force of the City.- 50 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. City Govei-nments of Salem, LoweU, Cambridge, Roxbury, Charlestown, New Bedford, Worcester, Lynn, Newburyport, Sprmgfield, Lawrence, and FaU River. Revolutionary Veterans and Veterans of the War of 1812. Society of Cincinnati. SECOND DIVISION. CoL. Thomas E. Chickering, Chief Marshal. AIDS. AIDS. Charles G. Kmg, Josiah B. Richardson, GranviUe Mears, Abel Tompkms. Comprismg the mechanics and mechanical trades of Boston and vicmity. BAND. Government and Members of The Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association. Representatives of the different mechanical trades, as foUows : Agricultural implement makers, beU founders, box makers, belt makers, brick makers, boat buUders, boot and shoe makers, book binders, bakers, brush makers, brass founders, brass finishers, carpenters, carriage makers, cork cutters, confectioners, clock makers, contractors, coppersmiths, coop ers, die sinkers, engine buUders, (steam), engine buUders, (fire), furni ture manufacturers, flour manufacturers, gas fixture manufacturers, gas meter manufacturers, gold beaters, gilders, hair dressers and wig makers, harness makers, hat makers and finishers, house carvers, house painters, iron founders, iron furniture makers, iron manufacturers, iron safe makers, jewellers, last makers, locksmiths, life preserver makers, masons, marble workers, musical instrument makers, organ buUders, paper rulers, paper hanging makers, papier mache makers, printing press makers, piano forte makers, picture frame makers, plumbers, rope makers, riggers, saU makers, shipwrights, ship builders, saw manufacturers, ship carvers, stove and fur nace makers, sheet iron workers, sign painters, silversmiths, school furni ture makers, sewing machine makers, stone cutters, sugar manufacturers, soapstone manufacturers, tailors, tinsmiths, trunk makers, type founders, turners, upholsterers, window shade manufacturers, wrought iron pipe manufacturers, wooden ware manufacturers. PRELIMINARY ARRANGEMENTS. 51 All the above mentioned trades, and others who may join this division, are expected to be represented m the procession, with suitable cars, exhib iting theh works, banners, devices, decorations, &c. Details for the formation of this division wUl he announced in a special notice firom the marshal of the division. THIRD DIVISION. Capt. Charles 0. Rogers, Chief Marshal. AIDS. AIDS. Ralph W. Newton, N. W. Thompson, H. W. Harrington. Theodore H. Dugan. Comprising the mechanical professions, artists, manufacturers, associa tions of business men and dealers in various articles of merchandise, &c., with banners. BAND. The Franklin Typographical Society, Printers' Union and other Societies and Associations of Printers, with ancient and modem Printinff Presses in operation, tyj)es and implements of business. Representations of various Newspaper Establishments in Boston, with presses, &c., in working order. Editors and Publishers of Newspapers. Telegraph Operators. Representatives of the various Express establishments in the city, with wagons, &c. Electricians, Manufacturers of and dealers in Astronomical and PhUo sophical Instruments, with specimens. Artists and persons engaged in the sale of works of Art, including Daguerrean artists. Pyrotechnists, &c., with specimens of Statuary, Paintings, Photographs, Fireworks, &c. Architects and Draughtsmen, with models. Soap and Candle Manufacturers. Manufacturers of Cotton, Woolen, SUk, Paper, Glass, &c., including all who ai-e not embraced in the second division, with specimens of merchandise. 52 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. Occupants of FaneuU HaU Market, with model of market. Association of Brighton Butchers. Other organized bodies of Business Men. Dealers m Mechanical Implements, Tools, &c., used m Agriculture, including dealers in Horticultural articles, Florists, &o., with specimens. Dealers in Mechanical Implements, Tools, &c., used in Gommerqe, in cluding dealers in Nautical Instruments, Ship Chandlers, &c., with specimens. Dealers in Mechanical Implements, Tools, &o., used in Manufactures and the Mechanic Arts, with specimens. Dealers in Merchandise of other descriptions, with specimens — including aU persons who wish to represent in the procession any branch of business not herein before provided for. Citizens of other States, by States, with banners. An Omnibus belonging to Hathorne's Washington Street Line, fiUed with ladies, drawn by sis horses. A Car of the Metropolitan Railroad Company, filled with ladies, on a platform, drawn by four horses. Young Archers of South Boston. POURTH DIVISION. Hon. Moses Kimball, Chief Marshal. AID. AID. Dr. E. G. Tucker. Wyzeman MarshaU. Embracing the Masonic Fraternity of Massachusetts and other States, arranged in the foUowing order : BAND. Encampments of Knights Templars, under the command of Simon W. Robinson, Esq., Commander of the Grand Encampment of Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Masonic Lodges subordinate to or recognized by the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. PRELIMINARY ARRANGEMENTS. 53 Royal Arch Chapters subordinate to or recognized by the Grand Chapter of Massachusetts. Grand Chapter of Massachusetts. General Grand Chapter of the United States. Representatives of CouncUs, Consistories and the higher orders of Masonry. Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. PLFTH DIVISION. Maj. Lewis W. Tappan, Chief Marshal. aid. aid. Samuel H. Gookin. Peter Butler, Jr. BAND. The Bunker HUl Monument Association. The Boston Board of Trade. The Massachusetts Society for promoting Agriculture. The Massachusetts Horticultural Society. The lineal descendants and collateral relatives of the father of Benjamin Franklin. Pupils of the Boston Pubhc Schools who have received the Frankhn Medal, from 1792 to 1856, inclusive, each wearing his medal suspended by a blue ribbon. Pupils of the Boston Pubhc Schools who have received the Lawrence or other Prizes. Franklin Association — Franklin Library Association — Franklin Lodge of Independent Order of Odd Fellows — and all other organized societies, associations, &c. , in this and other cities (except Printers) bearing the name of " Frankhn." Subscribers to the Franklin Statue. 54 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. SIXTH DIVISION. Edmund F. Cutter, Esq., Chief Marshal. aid. aid. Seth E. Brown. Charles H. AUen. Embracing the several historical, scientific, hteraxy, and musical societies and associations, as foUows : BAND. Massachusetts Historical Society. Boston Society of Natural History. Massachusetts Medical Society. Suffolk District Medical Society. Boston Medical Association. Boston Society for Medical Improvement. Boylston Medical Society. Massachusetts CoUege of Pharmacy. New England Historic-Genealogical Society. Boston Mechanics' Institute. MercantUe Library Association. Mechanic Apprentices Library Association. Boston Library Society. Mattapan Literary Association. Students of Harvard CoUege. Dartmouth College Association. Boston Latui School Association. Enghsh High School Association. Boston Bums Club. French Institute. Boston Young Men's Christian Association. Boston Young Men's Christian Union. Handel and Haydn Society. Boston Academy of Music. Musical Education Society. PRELBHNARY ARRANGEMENTS. 55 Mendelssohn Choral Society. Musical Fund Society. Other Scientific, Literary, Historical and Musical Societies and Associar tions, who may wish to join the procession. SEVENTH DIVISION. Joseph West, Esq., Chief Marshal. AID. AID. J. Edward Dodd. C. Allen Richards. Embracing the several benevolent and charitable societies and asso ciations, arranged according to the date of organization. BAND. Middlesex Mechanic Association. Worcester Mechanic Association. Salem Charitable Mechanic Association. Massachusetts Charitable Society. Charitable Association of the Boston Fire Department. Merchant Tailors' Association. Massachusetts Charitable Fire Society. Charitable Orthopedic Association. Association of Shipwrights and Caulkers of Boston and Charlestown Massachusetts Congregational Charitable Society. Howard Benevolent Society. Massachusetts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary. SUver Workers' Benefit Association. Scots Charitable Society. British Charitable Society. Charitable Irish Society. United Shamrock Society. German Immigrant Aid Society. Perkins Institution for the Blind. 56 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. Young Men's Benevolent Society. Hebrew Mutual Rehef Society. United Brothers Lme of Liberty, No. 37, A. D. 0. H. German Gymnastic Society. Other Benevolent and Charitable Societies and Associations who may wish to join the procession. EIGHTH DIVISION. Nathaniel Winsor, Jr. Esq., Chief Marshal. AID. AID. James Dennie, Jr. G. G. Kidder. BAND. Massachusetts Humane Society. The Boston Marine Society. The Salem East India Mariae Society. Cape Cod Association. Boston ' Port Society. Sailors' Snug Harbor. Seamen's Friend Society. Other Societies for the improvement and rehef of Seamen in Boston and vicinity. Shaw Institute for Mariners' ChUdren. Commissioners of the Boston Pilots. Boston Pilots. Boat Clubs of Boston and vicinity, in the Uniform of their respective Clubs, with their Boats on platforms, drawn by hearses. Captains and other Officers of Vessels in Port. United States and other Seamen in Port, with Flags and Ship on plat form, drawn by horses. Citizens GeneraUy. A Body of mounted Pohce. PRELIMINARY ARRANGEMENTS. 57 NINTH DIVISION. John L. Emmons, Esq., Chief Marshal AID. AID. Dr. H. I. Bowditch. George Dickinson. This division wiU embrace the chUdren of both sexes of aU the Public Schools in Boston, who wUl assemble at their respective school houses, at nine o'clock, A.M., form under the direction of their teachers, and proceed to Beacon street, where they wiU be arranged in lines, on both sides of the street, the right resting at Hancock avenue ; the girls of the Grammar Schools, and the pupUs of both sexes of the Primary Schools, occupying the sidewalk next to the MaU, the boys of the Grammar Schools the opposite sidewalk. The hnes to be formed at eleven o'clock, after which hour, vehicles of every description wUl be excluded from Beacon Street, untU the procession shaU have passed through that street, and no person except pupUs, teachers and others connected with the schools wUl be aUowed to occupy that street whUe the procession is passing through it, thus affording ample protection to the chUdren, and an opportunity for them to see the whole procession unmolested. Immediately after the procession has passed, the children wUl be escorted by their marshals and teachers to the Beacon Street entrance of the Pubhc Garden, where a httle simple refreshment wUl be provided for them by the City. A band wUl be detaUed to accompany them and to play for them during the remainder of the afternoon, and the Garden wUl continue open as their play and pleasure ground till sunset. Their parents and friends and the citizens generaUy are invited to witness and participate in their amusements at the same time and place. CITY HALL AND ENCLOSURE. Owing to the limited space in front of City HaU and around the statue, it wUl hardly be possible that aU the divisions of the procession shotdd be able to witness the ceremonies of inauguration. In order, however, that the whole body of the procession may he represented on the occasion, a place has been assigned in the first division for a deputation of one per son from each society, association, organized body, trade, profession or business represented in the procession ; such deputation to be selected by 58 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. the respective parties to be represented, and to report to the chief mar-' shal of the fijst division, at the State House, at half past nine o'clock. No persons will be admitted to the City HaU, to the enclosure in front of the HaU, or to the platfoi-m or seats erected around the statue, untU the arrival of the procession, except by authority of the Committee of Ar rangements. The following named gentlemen have been appomted to act as marshals at City HaU, and wUl superintend the arrangement of seats upon the platform and have charge of the groimds around the statue : J. Thomas Stevenson, Chief Marshal. Robert C. Winthrop, Jr. Albert Cushman, Theodore Lyman, John Quincy Adams, Francis W. Palfrey, Arthur Dexter, P. P. ElUs, F. 0. Dabney, George S. J. Oliver, C. Hook Appleton, E. Jones Andrews, F. I. Merritt. OBDEE, OE EXERCISES. 1. Voluntary, by the Band. 2. Choras, by PupUs of the Public Schools. 3. Prayer, by the Rev. G. W. Blagden, D.D. 4. Inaugural Oration, by the Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, towards the close of which the statue will be uncovered. 5. Original Ode — written for the occasion by James T. Fields, Esq., adapted to music by Mr. Nathan Richardson — Performed by a select choir, composed of the Pupils of the Public Schools, under the direction of Professor Charles Butler. 6. Address of Presentation, by Frederick W. Lincoln, Jr., Esq., President of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association. 7. Address of Reception, by His Honor Alexander H. Rice, Mayor of Boston. 8. Masonic Ceremonies of Inauguration, by Winslow Lewis, M.D., Grand Master, assisted by John T. Heard and Charles R. Train, Esqrs., Grand Wardens, and other officers of the Grand Lodge. PRELIMINARY ARRANGEMENTS. 59 9. Hymn (Old Hundred) by the Choh, in which the whole audience are requested to join. 10. Benediction by the Right Reverend Bishop Eastbum. EOTJTE OF THE PROCESSION. The Procession wUl move from the comer of Park and Tremont Streets precisely at ten o'clock, as foUows : Through Tremont to Court Street, passing the Granary Burying Ground, where repose the remains of the parents of Franklin ; down Court to Washington, passiug the site of the old printing office where Franklin worked as an apprentice to his brother ; down Washington and through Dock Square to Union ; through Union to Haymarket Square, passing the old tallow chandler's shop where Franklin made candles ; around the enclosm-e in Haymarket Square to Blackstone Street ; through Blackstone and Clinton Streets to Commercial ; through Commercial to South Market ; up South Market to Merchants' Row ; thi'ough Merchants' Row to State ; up State, passing the south side of the old State House, to Washington ; up Washington to MUk, passing the Old South meeting-house, where Franklin was baptized ; down Milk to Federal, passing the birthplace of Fra^lin; through Federal to Frank lin; up Franklin (north side,) to Washington, passing the monument erected to the memory of Franklin ; up Washington to Dover ; down Dover to Tremont ; down Tremont to Pleasant ; through Pleasant to Charles ; through Charles to Beacon ; through Beacon and School Streets to the enclosure in front of the City HaU. No carriages, teams or vehicles of any description wUl be aUowed to stand in or obstruct any of the streets through which the procession is to pass. And it is particularly desired that occupants of stores and houses along the line of the procession wUl display such decorations, devices, &c. as they may deem appropriate to the occasion. SPECIAL NOTICE. AU societies, associations, trades, &c., mentioned in the program, and other societies, associations, trades, &c., not mentioned, who may wish to join the procession, are invited to do so, and wiU have places assigned 60 FRANKLES! STATUE MEMORIAL. them by making their wishes known to the Chief Marshal, before noon of the sixteenth inst. All societies, associations, &c., are invited to appear with banners, badges, &c., and in fuU dress or regalia of their order. Frankhn Medal Scholars in the mUitaiy escort, in the fire depart ment, or who may occupy official positions in other divisions in the pro cession than that assigned to them, are requested to wear their medals suspended hy a blue ribbon; and members of the Masonic Fraternity • occupying similar positions, are requested to wear an appropriate Masonic badge. The procession wUl he formed in sections of five, and the several socie ties, associations and organized bodies who propose to joia it are requested to form in that manner, under their own marshals, (serving on foot,) and to report themselves to the chief marshals of the divisions to which they severaUy belong, at or before nine o'clock, A.M. AU bodies, associations, &c., wUl appoint their own marshals and assistant marshals, who are requested to wear dark hats, coats, pants, white vests, and white gloves. The Chief Marshal and his aids, chief marshals of divisions and their aids, and the assistant marshals appointed by the Chief, wUl be mounted : aU other marshals in the procession wUl serve on foot. FORMATION OE DIVISIONS. The Escort wUl be taken up by the First Brigade, formed on Tremont Street, with the centre opposite Park Street, the right extending towards Court Street. The Fire Department wUl be formed on West Street, with the right resting at Tremont Street, the left extending across Washington Street into Bedford Street. The First Division wUl assemble at the State House, form and march down Park Street, the right resting at Tremont Street. The Second Division wUl assemble on Tremont Street, the right resting at West Street, the left extending up Tremont Street as far as necessary for the formation of the line. PRELIMINARY ARRANGEMENTS. 61 The Third Division wUl assemble in Boylston Street, with the right resting at Tremont Street, the left extending through Charles Street. The Fourth Division wUl assemble in the Tremont Street Mall, with the right or marching flank resting at the Park Street gate. The Fifth Division will assemble in the MaU leading from opposite West Street towards the Providence Depot, with the right resting opposite West Street, the left extending into the Charles Street Mall, if necessary. The Sixth Division wUl assemble in the Mall leading from West to Joy Street, the left extending down the Beacon Street Mall. The Seventh Division wiU assemble in the Park Street MaU, with the right resting near the Park Street gate, the left extending into and down the Beacon Street Mall. The Eighth Division wUl assemble in Winter Street, with the right rest- iug at Tremont Street, the left extending across Washington Street into Summer Street. Newell A. Thompson, Chief Marshal. By order of Col. Thomas E. Chickering, to whom was entrusted the laborious duty of marshaling the second division, comprising the Massachusetts Char itable Mechanic Association, and of arranging that part of the procession which included the various mechanical trades, the following letter of invitation was issued: — Franklin Statue. Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association. Boston, September 11, 1856. Col. Thomas E. Chickering, having received the ap pointment of chief marshal of this association, for the coming celebration of the inauguration of the statue 62 franklin statue memorial. of Franklin, cordially invites all members to cooperate with him by joining the procession on the seventeenth of the present month, and thereby consummate the desire of the Board of Government, to have the society well represented upon that occasion, and terminate successfully the laudable design of erecting a monu ment to the memory of Franklin, in which this associa tion has already taken such an active part. The following named gentlemen have been ap pointed assistant marshals : — aids. aids. Charles G. King, Granville Mears, Josiah B. Richardson. Abel Tompkins. MARSHALS. A. 0. Bigelow, George Tendall, J. P. Fairbanks, George B. Foster, Thomas Goddard, Ralph Emerson, Edmund D. Cassell, James Tolman, Samuel H. Newman, George Darracott, Jr. Charles A. Smithy John J. Rayner. The four gentlemen named as aids, having also been appointed aids to the chief marshal, will act as mar shals of the second division, of which this association will form a part, and will appear mounted, uniformed in black coat and pants, white vest, chapeau, and sash of blue silk. All other marshals will discharge their duties on foot, uniformed in black coat and pants, white vest, PRELIMINARY ARRANGEMENTS. 63 dress hat, and wearing the sash provided by the asso ciation. _ The association will assemble in Temple Place at nine o'clock on the morning of the seventeenth, the column formed in sections of five, and be in readiness to move at precisely ten o'clock. Aids and marshals wiU report (as above) to Mr. Charles G. King, at half past eight o'clock, on the morning of the seventeenth instant. Details will be made on the morning of the cele bration for gentlemen to serve as standard-bearers, and to perform such other duties as the occasion may require. Carriages will be provided for such members as may desire to join the procession, too aged or infirm to walk, notice being previously given by such persons to the chief marshal of their intention. The Board of Government anticipate a full and punctual attendance of the members of this asso ciation. Per order of Col. T. E. Chickering, Chief Marshal M. C. M. A. Charles G. King, Senior Aid. Col. Chickering, through the secretary of the com mittee of the trades, also published the following order of procession for the second division. 64 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORLAL. Inauguration of the Statue op Franklin, on Wednesday, Sep tember 17, 1857. Order of Procession of the Second Division ; comprising the mechanics and mechanical trades of Boston and vicinity, under the direction of Thomas E. Chickering, Chief Marshal. AIDS. aids. Charles G. King, Josiah B. Richardson, Granville Mears. Abel Tompkins. flank marshals of second division. George F. Woodman, Hugh K. Moore, WiUiam W. Rhoades, Dexter N. Richards. The above named gentlemen wiU assemble at the residence of the Chief Marshal, Col. N. A. Thompson, in Boylston Street, at half past eight o'clock. Assistant. Division Standard Bearer. Assistant. bond's coenet band. Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association. Assistant. Standard Bearer. Assistant. President, Vice President, Treasurer, Marshal. and Secretaiy. Marshal. Board of Trustees. Committee of Rehef. Marshals. Honorary Members. Marshals. Past Officers. Members of the Association, formed in sections of five. The Association wiU assemble in Temple Place, at nme o'clock, at which time and place badges wUl be furnished. The foUowing named gentlemen have been appointed assistant marshals. A. 0. Bigelow, George Yendall, J. L. Fairbanks, George B. Foster, Thomas Goddard, Ralph Emerson, E. D. CasseU, James Tolman, S. H. Newman, George Darracott, Jr. Charles A. Smith, John J. Rayner, PRELEVHNARY ARRANGEMENTS. 65 who wUl report to the senior aid. Major Charles G. King, in Temple Place, at nine o'clock, who wUl assign to each his position, on either flank of the association. The mechanical trades wUl assemble on Tremont Street, the right resting at West Street. Forty-seven trades having signified their intention of being represented in this division, cards, numbering from 1 to 47, wUl be posted along Tremont Street, commencing at the comer of West Street with No. 1, and extending southerly over Tremont Road. The several trades wUl approach towards West Street from the south, and halt at the number on the street corresponding with the number against their trades in the foUowing program. Eight mounted marshals wiU be stationed at intervals on the ground of formation, who wiU assign to each body its position. The chief of this division wUl be found at the comer of Tremont and West Streets, (Card No. 1,) during the formation. Other trades, not included in this pro gram, are invited to join, and positions wUl be assigned to them by the chief marshal or his assistants. The procession wUl be formed in sections of five, at the comer of Tre mont and West Streets. No. 1. Three cars, each drawn by four horses, representing the primary, grammar, and high schools, exhibiting school furniture and children at study. School Furniture — W. G. Shattuck — Village School. 2. Ames Manufacturing Company, Chicopee, about two hundred and fifty men. 3. Bakers, two hundred and fifty men, with a band. 4. Sugar Manufacturers. 5. Spice Grinders — Stickney & Poor — car with four horses — twenty men. 6. Papier Mache Makers. 7. Soap Stone Workers — W. H. Maine & Co. — car with two horses. 8. StencU Cutting Machine — car with one horse. 9. Bay State Iron Works — car with twelve horses — three hun dred men. Pembroke Iron Company — two cars with four horses each. 9 66 FRANKLBSr STATUE MEMORIAL. Boston Locomotive Works — car with twenty-four horses — one hundred men ; two cars — two hundred men. Globe Locomotive Works — car with eight horses — one hun dred men. South Boston Iron Company — car with three horses; car with two horses — one hundred men. Harrison Loring, Sugar Mill — car with ten horses. Allen & Endicott, BoUer Makers — car with four horses. Cunningham & Co. — car with two horses. Wilham Adams & Co., Iron Safes — car with two horses — thirty men. J. E. WUder & Co., Iron Safes — ear with two horses — thirty men. Edwards, Fernald & Kershaw — car with two horses — thirty men. Denio & Roberts — car with two horses — thirty men. 10. New England Steam and Gas Pipe Manufacturers. J. B. Richardson — car with two horses — one hundred men. J. J. Walworth & Co. — car with sis horses — one hundred men. 11. Chickering & Sons, Piano-Forte Manufacturers — three cars with four horses each — three hundred men. HaUett, Davis & Co. — car with four horses — one hundred and seventy-five men. 12. Hatters — car with sis horses — two hundred men. 13. Horse Shoers — car with four horses — men at work. 14. S. A. Stetson & Co., Gas Fitters — two cars, with two and one horse. W. F. Shaw, Gas Stoves — car with four horses. Gas Meters — George Darracott, Jr. — car with two horses. 15. John F. Pray & Son, Boot Makers — one hundred and fifty men. 16. Pohsh — Shirley's Pohsh — car with four horses. 17j Block and Pump Makers — car with four horses — forty men. 18. Iron Furniture — Chase Brothers & Co. — car with four 19. Clothes Drying Car — one horse. 20. Charcoal Bumers — car with four horses. 21. Tonsorial Profession — car with four horses. PRELEVHNARY ARRANGEMENTS. 67 22. Shipwrights and Caulkers — two hundred men — oar with two horses, exhibituig J. E. Shnpson's patent Dry Dock. 23. TaUors — oar with two horses — five hundred men. 24. Carvers, with car containing a model of the Public Library. 25. Masons — two cars with four horses each — three hundred men. 26. Cigar Makers — car with two horses — fifty men. 27. Furniture Makers — Doe & Hazelton — two hundred men. Furniture Makers — James G. Blake & Co. — forty men. 28. Composition Roof Makers — car with two horses, car with one horse — twenty men. 29. Kindling Wood — car with four horses. 30. Paper Box Makers — car with four horses. 31. Coopers — two hundred and fifty men — four horses. 32. Winde & Co., Boat BuUders — boat full manned. 33. Brass Founders — H. N. Hooper & Co. — three hundred men — car with three horses. Brass Founders — Gavett & Co. — three hundred men. 34. Gilders and Frame Makers — car with two horses. 85. Glass Company, New England. Flint Glass Company. 36. Plumbers — about three hundred men. 37. H. K. Moore — Steam Gauges — car with four horses. 38. Settee Makers — car with one horse — seventy-five men. 39. Silversmiths and Jewellers — car with six horses — one hun dred and fifty men. 40. Bacon Works — car with three horses. 41. Painters — car with two horses — two hundred men. 42. Wood Turners — car with two horses. 43. Wooden Ware Makers — car with four horses. 44. Stove Jlakers — ChUson & Co. — car with sis horses — one hundred men. M. Pond & Co. — car with four horses. 45. Window Shade Makers — car. 46. Trunk and Harness Makers — car — twenty men. 47. Agricultural Implement Makers — car with six yoke of oxen. One delegate from each trade of this division will he entitled to a position in the first division, and a place in the area, to witness the inau- 68 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. gural ceremonies — application being made by such delegates to the chief marshal of the division, who wUl furnish a ticket. The several trades above mentioned are requested to report punctually at nme o'clock, as the procession wUl move at precisely ten o'clock. By order of Col. T. E. Chickering, Chief Marshal Second Division. J. B. Richardson, Secretary of Conunittee of Trades. Wniiam D. Coolidge, Esq., Grand Marshal .of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons in Massar chusetts, issued the following orders to the various masonic bodies in the neighborhood of Boston : — Grand Marshal's Orders on the Celebration of the Inauguration of the Franklin Statue, Boston, Sep tember 17, 1856. In pursuance of instructions from the M. W. Grand Master, already communicated to the Lodges of this masonic jurisdiction, and to facilitate the formation of the procession, that the ceremonies of the seventeenth instant may be conducted with order and decorum: It is hereby ordered, that the respective lodges, chap ters, and encampments, appear at the place of general formation, on the morning of the seventeenth instant, precisely at nine o'clock, and take position as herein designated, and be assigned their place in line by an assistant grand m:9,rshal. PRELIMINARY ARRANGEMENTS. 69 The marshals of lodges, chapters and encampments, immediately on their arrival at the place of formation, will report to the grand marshal at the Temple. Blue lodges will form on the Tremont Street Mall, northerly end; chapters will form on the Tremont Street MaU, southerly end ; encampments wiU form in Temple Place. The grand lodge of Massachusetts will form in the lower HaU of the Temple. Marshals of lodges wUl be particular in observing that the orders of the grand master are strictly con formed to by the brethren ; especiaUy as regards dress, which win consist of black hat, black cravat, dark clothing, and white apron and gloves; on no consid eration can brethren, not conforming to the above, be admitted in the procession. Canes, unless absolutely required, wUl be excluded from the line. Officers and members wiU appear in fuU regalia, with banners. An elegant and appropriate badge has been provided, and wUl be ready for distribution at the place of formation on the morning of the seventeenth. Route of the Procession. From Park Street, through Tremont, Court, and Washington Streets, Dock Square, Union, Blackstone, Commercial and South Market Streets, Merchants Row, State, Washiagton to Dover, Tremont, Charles and Beacon, to School Street; and the grand marshal expects every brother to retain his place through the entire route. 70 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. It is hoped that the fares on all the raUroads will be reduced one half, and efforts to this effect are now making. It is the general desire to render this occasion one of marked and peculiar interest; honorable alike to the memory of Dr. Franklin, to the city of his birth, and to the fraternity of which he was so long a dis tinguished member; and the grand master hopes to meet every lodge in the state, or a delegation there from, on this occasion. The following named brethren have been appointed assistant grand marshals, and will be respected accord ingly:— J. E. Cook, WiUiam E. Graves, Benjamin F. Stevens, A. W. Banfield, II. T. Woods, C. B. Davenport, Richard A. Robertson, WUliam H. Sampson, Seth W. FuUer, Charles 0. Eaton, George T. Stoddard, Richard B. Roberts, Gilbert Atwood, WUUam K. BackaU, John D. Parker, James L. Hemmeon, H. Rice, John A. Drew, Jr. Benjamin French, George A. Wadleigh. William D. Coolidge, Grand Marshal In describing the preliminary arrangements for the inauguration, it only remains to state that the statue preliminary ARRANGEMENTS. 71 was raised and placed upon its pedestal in the area in front of the City HaU, early on the morning of Satr urday, the thirteenth day of September, where it was completely concealed from view by an ingenious con trivance, prepared by Mr. Frederic Mozart, until the signal for its exposure was given by Hon. Mr. Win throp, the orator of the occasion. The Public Schools, the Pubhc Library, and aU the public ofl&ces of the City were directed to be closed during the day of the inauguration, except in a few instances where necessity required otherwise. DECORATIONS. DECORATIONS. The morning of the seventeenth of September was ushered in, much after the usual manner of the great holidays of Boston, by the ringing of the bells of the numerous churches, and by the firing of cannon. The day itself was one of the finest of the season; the weather was remarkably pleasant, and the clearness and freshness of the atmosphere, with a proper tem perature, rendered the day extremely propitious for the parades and ceremonies which had been arranged for the inauguration of the statue. As was expected and very much desired, little if any business was transacted in the city. All classes of persons had apparently determined that the day should be a hoUday, and that it should be entirely given up to pleasure, and the enjoyment of every kind of rational amusement. Probably, at no time was there a greater number of persons in the city. Crowds of people from the neighboring cities and towns, and many from places more remote, had left their usual avocations, and avail- 76 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. ing themselves of the great facUities of travel furnished by the raUroads and omnibuses, had come to Boston, and thronged its streets with multitudes. It may not be too large an estimate to suppose that the ordi nary population of the city was increased threefold, and that, in the streets alone, the number of persons assembled to witness the procession and ceremonies amounted to nearly three hundred thousand individ uals. Never were the sides of the streets more crowded with spectators, nor the highways more densely thronged with those who were preparing to take part in the inaugural procession or to witness the various spectacles of the day. There were seen throughout the whole city — in every highway and byway — the citizens and neigh boring townsmen, who were to take part on the occa sion, arrayed in hoUday attire and decked with the very numerous and various badges and insignia of the different societies and associations they were to repre sent in the grand procession, and proceeding to their appointed places of meeting. Thousands of persons — men, women and chUdren — of every rank in life, and of aU the varied occupations, were seen hastening to secure, on the route of the procession, the most favorable look-outs and stand-points for beholding the anxiously expected spectacle. Bands of musicians in great pro fusion, soldiery in briUiant uniforms, the masonic bodies in rich and gorgeous regalia, aU decorated with their DECORATIONS. 77 peculiar badges, were constantly met, preparing for the great and interesting occasion. Vehicles of all sorts, public and private conveyances, and temporary car riages and wagons for the various branches of the mechanic arts, and for those engaged in mercantUe and trading pursuits to make a suitable and im pressive display, were seen passing to and fro in the streets, highly and appropriately decorated, to the places assigned for the assembling of the various divis ions of the vast concourse that was to form the pro cession. This was the state of things thoughout the whole city, as well as in the streets through which the pro cession was to pass, the expressmen, bakers, mUkmen and provision dealers, with their vehicles, hastening to fully accomplish their numerous errands before the streets should be cleared by the police and closed for the convenience and safety of the array. A very large portion of the stores and places of business were closed for the day, business being gen erally suspended for the purpose of joining in the parades and ceremonies. The shipping in the harbor, and the ferry boats plying between the city and East Boston and Chelsea, were gaUy decorated with national flags and streamers and with private ensigns and signals, exhibiting every evidence of a great gala day. 78 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. DECORATIONS ON THE ROUTE. The route in which the procession was arranged to pass was, by estmiation, about five mUes in length, com mencing at the head of the Park Street Mall, extending through the principal streets of the city, especiaUy those known as having some eventful connection with the life and occupation of Franklin and his parents, and terminating in School Street, in front of the area before City Hall, the spot designed for the permanent place for the statue, and where the exercises and cere monies of inauguration were to be held. Many of the decorations of the buUdings — public and private — were of great beauty. AU were ex ceedingly appropriate, and attested the universal ven eration in which the memory Of the great philosopher, statesman and mechanic is held by the residents of the place of his birth and early life. Perhaps the most interesting of the decorations were the Uving masses of eager spectators which filled every window, crowded the balconies, covered the roofs, and thronged the doorways and sidewalks, forming one of the grand est spectacles ever witnessed in Boston. These solid masses, packed throughout the whole route, preserved a most orderly demeanor, and exhibited everywhere the marks of extreme happiness and gratification, and will be remembered as a marked feature of one of Boston's proudest ,days. DECORATIONS. 79 As a memorial of the distinguished event, the detaUs of many of the decorations and displays are given below, in the order in which the procession moved. Those supplied by the Committee of Arrangements were prepared and put up by Messrs. LampreU and Marble. Tremont Street, from the Masonic Temple to Court Square. The Masonic Temple, a portion of which is occupied as the salesroom of the Messrs. Chickering, Piano-forte makers, was very elegantly draped with various colored festoons, and with national flags and streamers. Sur rounded by the festoons and folds were displayed a bust of Franklin, and masonic emblems — the square and compasses. The gateway of the Granary Burial Ground, the entrance to the cemetery where the parents and many of the relatives of Franklin were buried, was highly decorated with evergreens, and supported the follow ing inscription: — WITHIN THIS GRAVEYARD LIE BURIED THE PARENTS OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, WHO PLACED A MARBLE SLAB OVER THE SPOT WITH AN INSCRIPTION WHICH HAS BEEN TRANSFERRED TO THE MONUMENT ERECTED IN 1827. The name of Franklin, surrounded by a wreath of flowers, was suspended beneath the above inscription, in a very effective manner. 80 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. Within the enclosure of the burial ground was to be seen the Franklin monument, also decked with ever greens. This was erected in the year 1827 by a few citizens of Boston, over the graves of Frankhn's father and mother. The corner stone was laid, with an appro priate address and becoming ceremonies, on the fif teenth of June, in the presence of the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of the Commonwealth, and the officers and members of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, by Hon. Charles WeUs. The mon ument is in the form of an obelisk, and is constructed of five massive ashlers of Quincy granite, taken from the Bunker HUl monument quarry. Its height is twenty-one feet, standing on a rectangular base meas uring two feet in height, and seven feet on each of the four sides. On one side of the obelisk the name of Franklin is cut in bold relief in large letters, and a short space beneath this is a bronze tablet, about thirty-two inches long and sixteen wide, set into the stone, and containing, in the following words, the orig inal inscription, composed by Franklin, with an addi tional paragraph by the liberal citizens who, out of profound regard and veneration for the memory of the illustrious son, and desirous of reminding succeed ing generations that he was of Boston birth and origin, erected the obeUsk in its present excellent and perma nent form, and placed beneath it the original tablet which had been placed there in filial duty: — DECORATIONS. 81 JOSIAH FRANKLIN AND ABIAH HIS WIFE LIE HERE INTERRED. THEY LIVED LOVINGLY TOGETHER IN WEDLOCK FIFTY-FIVE YEARS; AND WITHOUT AN ESTATE OR ANY GAINFUL EMPLOYMENT, BY CONSTANT LABOR, AND HONEST INDUSTRY, (with god's BLESSING,) MAINTAINED A LARGE FAMILY COMFORTABLY; AND BROUGHT UP THIRTEEN CHILDREN AND SEVEN GRAND CHILDREN REPUTABLY. FROM THIS INSTANCE, READER, BE ENCOURAGED TO DILIGENCE IN THY CALLING, AND DISTRUST NOT PROVIDENCE. HE WAS A PIOUS AND PRUDENT MAN, SHE A DISCREET AND VIRTUOUS WOMAN. ^ THEIR YOUNGEST SON, IN FILIAL REGARD TO THEIR MEMORY, PLACES THIS STONE. J. F. BORN 1655 DIED 1744, JE. 89. A. F. BORN 1667 — DIED 1752, — iE. 85. THE ORIGINAL INSCRIPTION HAVING BEEN NEARLY OBLITERATED, A NUMBER OF CITIZENS ERECTED THIS MONUMENT AS A MARK OP RESPECT FOR THE ILLUSTRIOUS AUTHOR, MDCCCXXVIL In front of the hall occupied by the Independent Company of Cadets were festoons tastily arranged with 82 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. various colored bunting, and across the street was sus pended a Une of flags bearing the inscriptions : — MONSTRAT VIAM 1741. INDEPENDENT COMPANY OF CADETS. The Tremont House, as is usual on all public occa sions, was tastefully and liberally decorated, producing an exceUent effect. A large gUded eagle was perched upon the roof, and from its talons depended lines of red and white bunting to all parts of the portico, encircling the large granite columns. The windows throughout the whole front were dressed with graceful festoons of the same material, and across the street was a row of small flags, each bearing one letter of the name, "Franklin." On the west side of Tremont Street, extend ing from Beacon Street to the entrance to Pember- ton Square, the awnings and balconies of the stores were very handsomely decorated with white and red festoons. The imposing front of the Boston Museum was highly ornamented by the enterprising proprietor with a large number of flags of many nations, making an admirable display. Along the entire front of one of the balconies was the following inscription : — "he SNATCHED ALIKE THE LIGHTNING FROM THE HEAVENS, AND THE SCEPTRE PROM THE HANDS OF TYRANTS." DECORATIONS. 83 The building occupied by Drs. Cummings and Flagg, dentists, and Mr. Thomas Restieaux, apothecary, oppo site the Museum, was also adorned with folds of colored cloth, and a picture representing Franklin at the court of France. The fronts of several other stores in this street were similarly draped. Court Street, to Washington Street. The easterly end of ScoUay's Building, facing Court Square, was very appropriately decorated by Messrs. Alonzo V. Lynde, Stephen R. Niles and V. B. Palmer, occupants of the building. Lines of bunting were hung from a neat shield placed upon the roof, and were formed into graceful curves and secured to the balustrade, upon which was erected an elegantly deco rated arch, bearing the motto — ERIPUlT CCELO FULMEN, SCEPTRUMQUE TYRANNIS. Within the arch was a bust of Franklin, and on the front of the balustrade the following inscription, taken from the quaint sayings in Poor Richard's Almanac : — HE THAT HATH A TRADE HATH AN ESTATE; AND HE THAT HATH A CALLING HATH AN OFFICE OF PROFIT AND HONOR. Franklin. The building on the east corner of Franklin Avenue was decorated by the Committee of Arrangements. 84 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. From the roof to the first story were hung heavy folds of red and white bunting, in a pyramidal form, and upon the front was the following inscription : — BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, WHEN HE WAS TWELVE YEARS OLD, WAS APPRENTICED AS A PRINTER TO HIS BROTHER JAMES, WHOSE OFFICE WAS ON THIS SPOT. The awning of Messrs. Klous & Go's store, in this buUding, was neatly festooned, and a line of flags was stretched across the street, making a very neat and handsome appearance. The paper-hanging establishment of Messrs. Samuel H. Gregory & Co., No. 25 Court Street, was very taste fully dressed with festoons of blue and white cloth, adding much to the elegance of the ornamentation in this street. Washington Street, helow State Street. The west end of the Old State House, on Wash ington Street, was elegantly ornamented with drapery of various colors, and with flags. Lines of red, blue and white bunting, in profusion, reached from the roof to the balustrade over the store occupied by Messrs. Charles A. Smith & Co., and upon this, in prominent letters, was presented the foUowing: — EIRST SETTLEMENT OF BOSTON, SEPTEMBER 17TH, 1630. DECORATIONS. 85 On a line extending from this ancient buUding to points on the opposite side of Washington Street, were two flags, bearing between them the subjoined inscription : — THE OPINION OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN IN 1754 : "the unity of THE COLONIES IS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY TO THEIR PRESERVATION." On the reverse was the foUowing: — HIS MOTTO : " JOIN OR DIE." FRANKLIN 175t. Messrs. Crocker & Brewster, at No. 47 Washington Street, presented a very fine and judicious display of decorations, of which the chief feature was a line of flags extended across the street, bearing the subjoined inscriptions : — BENJAMIN FRANKLIN PRINTER, PHILOSOPHER, PATRIOT AND STATESMAN. HE THAT HATH A TRADE HATH AN ESTATE. LET HONESTY AND INDUSTRY BE THY CONSTANT COM PANIONS. Messrs. J. & W. W. Ross, at No. 42 of the same street, exhibited graceful festoons of white and red cloth upon the awning in front of their taUoring estab lishment. 86 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. Dock Square. The fronts of the stores occupied by Messrs. Ezekiel Pittman and Charles B. Mosely, in Dock Square, were festooned with draping of various colors in a very handsome manner, an heraldic shield, bearing the name of Franklin, forming the centre of the decorations. The building occupied for the furniture estabhsh ment of Mr. Aaron H. Allen, and the hardware store of Messrs. Joseph West and William Parkman, was neatly trimmed with rich damask cloth. Messrs. Keith & Thornton, at their clothing ware house, at Nos. 29 and 30, made a very beautiful display of red, white and blue streamers, faUing gracefully from a large spread eagle at the top of the building. They likewise covered the entire front of their store with patriotic emblems. The shop of Mr. Henry Fowle, at No. 15, was also very appropriately adorned. The clothing establishment of Messrs. John W. Smith & Co. was elegantly wreathed with colored bunting, and a large paper kite disposed in the centre recaUed to the mind of the spectators one of the characteristic experiments of Franklin, in which he demonstrated his remarkable discovery of the identity of the electricity of the skies with that induced by means of electrical apparatus, and led to his subse quent invention of lightning-rods. DECORATIONS. 87 Union Street. Messrs. Jones, Carpenter & Co., at Nos. 11 and 13 Union Street, made a rich display of flags and festoons of bunting on the front of their store, and also across the street. The crockery ware establishment of Messrs. Wil liam F. Homer & Co., and the hardware store of Messrs. Dalton and IngersoU, were decked with flags and streamers, some of which were extended across the street. The name " Franklin " surrounded by a garland of oak leaves, was prominently displayed upon one of the large flags. The stores of Messrs. Thomas HoUis, apothecary, William H. Barnes, hardware dealer, and Messrs. WU- liams & Morandi, tin ware manufacturers, were highly ornamented with flags. In a side street, formerly known as MarshaU's Lane, was to be seen the famous Boston Stone, apparently composed of two parts, one, a large globular stone, resting upon the other, a square block. The armory of the Independent Boston FusUeers was distinguished by the display of a very large national flag. The old buUding standing at the corner of Union and Hanover Streets, formerly owned and occupied by the father of Franklin, and now occupied by Mr. Al exander Wood, presented a very showy appearance. 88 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. From the corner was suspended on an iron crane, as in the days of the Franklins, the original ball that was used as a sign at the Milk Street house, upon which was perceptible the following name and date : — JOSIAS 1698. 1698. FRANKLIN. The building was decorated with bunting of various colors, under the direction of the Committee of Ar rangements, and bore a tablet upon which was printed in large letters, THE FATHER OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN REMOVED FROM MILK STREET TO THIS SPOT SHORTLY AFTER BENJA MIN WAS BORN. HERE HE WORKED FOR A SHORT TIME IN HIS BOYHOOD AT THE TRADE OF A- SOAP BOILER AND TALLOW CHANDLER, WITH HIS FATHER. Crossing Hanover Street, and continuing in Union Street, the buildings occupied by Messrs. Edward P. & Dwight Smith, wooden ware dealers, Orrin Day, stove dealer, Asahel Wheeler & Co., dealers in artists' mate rials, Daniel W. Gardner, dealer in burning fluid and lamps, Samuel Dale, clothier, and D. C. Tolman & Co., were very elegantly adorned with folds and festoons of various colored bunting, reaching from the roofs to the awnings, and exhibiting a very beautiful appearance. The residence of Mr. Nathaniel Nowell, at No. 92, was neatly dressed, as was also the buUding of Mr. Gassett. DECORATIONS. 89 The large buUding, erected on the site of the old Green Dragon Tavern, on the estate v.hich has been the property of St. Andrew's Lodge of Freemasons for nearly a century, and which is noted for its connection with many of the patriotic proceedings in the days of the revolutionary struggles of the country, besides its other decorations, was distinguished by a large sand stone tablet, upon which is magnificently sculptured, in very high reUef, a representation of a dragon. This emblem, designed to perpetuate in some degree the memory of the renowned hall in which Joseph Warren, Samuel and John Adams, John Hancock, Paul Revere, and the principal patriots of the American Revolution used to meet, and also to designate the Masons' Hall of by-gone days, was inserted in the waUs of the present buUding, on the first of November, 1855, by the lodge, under the instrumentality of the late John Rayner, Esq. In this portion of the route of the procession many temporary balconies for spectators were erected, and tastefully decorated. These were generally occupied by young women and girls, dressed in white, and decked with colored ribbons, producing a very pleasing effect, and, evidently, eliciting the approbation of those who composed the procession, if the shouts of the passers-by can be taken as a criterion. The number of persons who were collected in the street at this point of the route was very great. 90 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. Haymarket Square. The furniture warehouse of Messrs. James H. Beal & Brother, Nos. 3 and 4 Holmes's Block, in Haymarket Square, and the carpet estabhshment of Messrs. Strout & Bradford, Nos. 1 and 2 of the same block, made a very fine show; the whole front being handsomely trimmed with bunting, in tasty festoons. On a line running from these stores to the clock manufactory of Messrs. J. J. Beals & Co. was suspended a beautiful large American flag. In front of the Boston and Maine raUroad station were displayed two magnificent national flags, ahnost covering the entire front of the buUding, and so arranged that the stars of the two commingled in a large and very beautiful constellation. Besides these, there were others of smaller size. At this point of the route the procession turned around the iron enclosure containing the fountain and hydrant, and countermarching a short space, passed into the next street, which runs very nearly parallel to the northerly portion of Union Street. Blackstone Street. This Street, laid out soon after the adoption of the city charter by filling up the ancient canal, once the MiU Creek, which formerly traversed the tovm, sepa rating the " North end," so caUed, from the remaining DECORATIONS. 91 part of the town, was in many places tastefully deco rated, and presented very much the same appearance as the portion of Union Street which was arranged with temporary balconies. The shop of Mr. Henry Cabot was well adorned with flags. At Nos. 134 and 136, the whole of the buUding occupied by Messrs. Henry W. Jenkins & Co., and Wil liam B. Merrill & Co., as stores, presented an elegant appearance, being tastefully hung and decorated with cloths of various colors. At the corner of Hanover Street the store of Mr. J. L. Goldthwait was tastefully decorated ; several streamers being drawn together at the top of the buUding, and the whole surmounted with a statuette of Franklin. The carpet store of Mr. W. P. B. Brooks was beau tifully arrayed with various colored carpetings, hung in graceful festoons. Messrs. Barnes, Jennings & Co., furniture dealers, also decorated their warerooms, and gave a very pleas ant appearance to the fi-ont of their building, by a projecting platform well filled with spectators. Messrs. B. W. Dunklee & Co., dealers in furnaces, stoves and ranges, displayed a flag bearing the motto — INDUSTRY AND FRUGALITY. FRANKLIN. 92 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. The stove and furnace warehouse of Messrs. ChUson, Richardson & Co., with the usual display of streamers had also the very appropriate motto : BENJAMIN FRANKLIN ORIGINATED THE FRANKLIN STOVE. The premises occupied by Mr. John G. Copp, at No. 142, was neatly hung with festoons of red, white and blue cloth. The agricultural warehouse of Messrs. Parker, White & Gannett, on the corner of Blackstone and North Streets was entirely covered vnth bunting, of various colors, neatly and tastily arranged, and a fine array of flags reached from the building to the opposite side of the street. The New England House, at the corner of Black stone and Clinton Streets, was very neatly dressed with flags and bunting. Many other buUdings in the street exhibited dis plays of flags and ship signals. Clinton Street. In this street the principal show was made by Mr. P. Frederic WUliston, tailor, at No. 4. The store was freely and judiciously festooned with bunting of the national colors, and a line of American and Swedish flags was strung across the street. A picture of Franklin prettily draped, and the model of a ship in miniature, were placed over the door. The effect DECORATIONS. 93 which the decorations on this buUding produced was very pleasing, and elicited much attention from those who passed on the route. From the upper story of the store occupied by Mr. C. Allen Browne, druggist, and others, on the cor ner of the street, flags and streamers in great profusion were extended across to the opposite corner. The windows of this building were densely thronged with ladies who, from their waving flags and handkerchiefs, attracted particular notice from the persons in the procession, especiaUy from the gallant students of Harvard CoUege. Commercial Street. The store of Messrs. Whitons, Browne & Wheel wright, No. 23, was gaUy decked with festoons of various colored bunting. The buUding occupied by Messrs. W. R. Lovejoy & Co., exhibited a very handsome show of bunting, and a marine picture with a sailor in the background. The effect was pleasing. Messrs. Blanchard & Brother displayed a beautiful wreath surrounding the name of Franklin. The Boston Corn Exchange had various appropriate decorations. Flour barrels and corn and rye sheaves filled many of the windows. From a large gUded eagle on the front hung graceful folds of flags and naval ensigns, exhibiting stars and stripes in great 94 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORUL. number, and very prominently was one of Frankhn's sayings : — "it is HARD FOR AN EMPTY SACK TO STAND UPRIGHT." The agricultural warehouse of Messrs. Gilbert Nourse & Co., in the same block made a very good show, being well decorated with cloth of various colors arranged in festoons and streamers from the large eagle that formed part of their sign. South Market Street. The whole range of stores on this street displayed groupings of bunting, neatly arranged, and interspersed with numerous large and handsome national flags. The sail loft of Mr. R. M. Yale was particularly deserving of notice, for the great variety of flags with which it was decorated. Across the eastern end of the street, where the procession entered, a line of national flags was stretched, another midway of the street, and a third at the head of the street. On the stores of the southern side a line of festoons extended along the upper windows, from Commercial Street to Merchants Row, presenting a very tasteful appearance. Mr. George W. Torrey, at No. 25, displayed from his store an original portrait of Franklin, said to have been taken when he was about forty years of age. DECORATIONS. 95 The picture is the property of the Boston Independent FusUeers. Merchants Row. The Market house and FaneuU Hall, connected by a suspension bridge, and in which was held the eighth triennial fair of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, were both decorated in a highly pleasing and ornamental manner. The extensive buUding occupied by Messrs. John Gove & Co., as a clothing warehouse, was in each story elegantly decorated, and the appearance of the whole was very neat and tasteful. The large buUding situated at the corner of State Street was extremely weU arrayed with colors and streamers, by persons who occupied it. Prom Merchants Row, the procession, turning the corner, entered State Street. Across this street, from the new and magnificent store of Messrs. Thomas Groom & Co., stationers, in India Building, were suspended two very beautiful British ensigns. Messrs. Naylor & Co., at No. 80, exhibited a line of flags, , American and Norwegian, making a fine show. The Bank of Commerce displayed a large American ' flag, adding much to the effect produced by the other decorations of the neighboring buUdings. 96 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. Several other buUdings fronting on the street were ornamented with bunting and busts of Franklin vari ously disposed, and others displayed the national flag. The buUding at the corner of Congress Street, occu pied as the printing and pubhshing office of the Boston Evening TraveUer was decorated, exhibiting a large and elegant American flag. Messrs. Kinsley & Co., at their express office, had a bountiful display of bunting hanging gracefully from the top of the building. Two flags bore the inscrip tions — one " Bay State," the other " Empire State." The store of Messrs. Brown & Burditt, in the Old State House was liberaUy decorated with American flags and - banners, as was, also, the whole buUding generally. The printing and publishing house of the Bee, oppo site the Old State House, was heavily draped with bunting and flags and otherwise ornamented with streamers of various colors, making a very handsome show. The other newspaper offices in the vicinity of the street, especially those of the Atlas, Journal, Times, and Chronicle, were handsomely dressed with American flags. Washington Street, from State to Milk Street. On turning the corner from State Street, proceed ing through Washington Street, the display was very imposing; and the general view from the point of DECORATIONS. 97 entrance which extended into the several streets radi ating from the Old State House, was very fine and effective. The building occupied by Messrs. Lincoln & Foss, Sylvester T. Crosby, and others, on the corner of Court Street, appeared handsomely, and added much to the general effect. Messrs. Lane & Wheeler, stationers, at Nos. 72 and 74, made a fine display of festoons and streamers, and presented to view, in a neat manner, a picture of Franklin at the court of France. The store of Messrs. Macomber & Co., at No. 87 was neatly arrayed with bunting, of the prevaUing colors. Mr. Gordon Forrest, ornamental printer, displayed decorations of an unique design. The upper part pre sented an American shield, with a representation of a key upon one side, and a kite on the other. Beneath was the inscription : BOSTON BOY. SOME WRITE IN BLOOD A NAME, WHICH FAME IS EVER BRIGHTENING; BUT FRANKLIN HAD A HEAVENLY AIM, AND WROTE HIS NAME WITH LIGHTNING. Under this inscription was a bust of Franklin. The store occupied by Mr. Joseph L. Bates, dealer in umbrellas and fancy goods, was highly decorated, 13 98 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. and presented a beautiful appearance ; the various col ored bunting and flags being arranged with much neatness and in excellent taste. Messrs. Adams & Co., from their express ofiice, dis played lines of flags, and Mr. George Nichols and Messrs. Whipple & Black exhibited very bountifully various colored bunting disposed about the windows of their buUding in graceful festoons, besides several large flags. Messrs. A. Williams & Co., booksellers, at No. 100, presented handsome trimmings of red, white, and blue bunting, arranged in folds and streamers, and the fol lowing quotation. " HE WAS AN HONOR, NOT ONLY TO HIS NATION, BUT TO HUMAN NATURE." Lord Chatham. The entrance to Spring Lane, between the buUding occupied by Mr. J. S. Potter, decorative printer, and that of Messrs. James Munroe & Co., and Josiah P. Bumstead & Co., was distinguished by an eagle and two large American flags, and the lane was almost entirely covered with streamers and bunting, reaching down to the dining saloon of Messrs. Jameson & Val entine. The buUding occupied by Mr. John Earle, Jr. and by Comer's Commercial CoUege, at the corner of School Street, in addition to the American flags, and various other decorations, had, in prominent letters, the fol- DECORATIONS. 99 lowing inscription, taken from the sayings of Franklin, in " Poor Richard." DILIGENCE IS THE MOTHER OF GOOD LUCK. In the same street, between Milk and Franklin Streets, through which the procession did not pass in its course, were several decorations. Mr. John D. G. Burdett, at his hat store, made a very imposing show of bunting. The entrance to Ordway Hall, once the Province House, nearly fronting Milk Street, was decorated with flags, and a portrait of Franklin. Milk Street. On entering this street from Washington Street the first objects of show which met the eye were upon the buUding occupied by Messrs. Widdifield & Co., opticians, and Messrs. Currier & Trott, dealers in jew elry, watches and silver ware. The whole buUding was handsomely hung with festoons of colored cloth, and exhibited the following inscription : — WE RAISE A STATUE TO THE SAGE WHOSE WISDOM LIVES THROUGH EVERY AGE. A large paper kite, significant of the great phUoso- pher's celebrated electrical experiment, was also sus pended from the building. 100 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. From the Excelsior printing establishment, in this neighborhood, were displayed very neat devices, among which was a well-proportioned shield, with the words, "our BEN." On the Old South Church, forming one of the cor ners of the street, was presented on a tablet the fol lowing reminiscence : — BENJAMIN FRANKLIN WAS BAPTIZED IN THIS CHURCH ON THE 17TH OF JANUARY, 1706, THE REV. DR. WILLARD BEING THE PASTOR. From this point of view the street presented a magnificent appearance. The whole portion of the street through which the procession was indicated to pass was most elegantly and richly dressed with flags, streamers and bunting in the most profuse abundance. The eye was nearly bewildered by the beautiful effect produced by the almost numberless lines of variegated cloths and bunting which were employed to give effect to the scene, and which seemed to fill the street like a cloud. Never before was the appearance of this old street so transformed by holiday shows and dressing. The elegant display, the elaborate work of Col. WU liam Beals, won the admiration and approval of all beholders. Extending across the street was a beautiful arch, surmounted with a large American eagle, holding a DECORATIONS. 101 large bouquet of natural flowers in its beak, and surrounded by a galaxy of national flags. Beneath the eagle was shown a fine bust of the renowned philosopher, and on both sides were ample folds of cloth, of various colors, hanging in graceful form, and making a beautiful arch over the route of the pro cession. Unquestionably, the most tasteful and elegant deco ration anywhere to be seen on the route was the elaborate and artistic display made by Messrs. Ordway, Bradish & Co., and Messrs. Mason & Lawrence, at Nos. 15 and 17 of this street, on the taU granite buUding which bears, in solid stone, the inscription, BIRTHPLACE OF FRANKLIN. Upon the sidewalk was erected, at much cost, a gor geous canopy of rich red velvet, briUiantly ornamented with tassels and sUver stars. Protected by this canopy was a large and excellent bust of Franklin. An ele gantly ornamented arch, supported upon two columns draped vpith colored bunting and surmounted by an immense star, surrounded the above design. On the curve of the arch were the following words, neatly executed in golden letters: — HE TOOK THE LIGHTNING FROM THE HEAVEN. Within the arch was an admirable painting of the old 102 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. house wherein the parents of Frankhn Uved several years, and in which many authorities declare that Franklin was born. Upon this painting was inscribed, THE HOUSE WHERE FRANKLIN WAS BORN. In front of the picture was an urn trimmed with ever green, and beneath the arch the inscription, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN WAS BORN ON THIS SPOT ON SUNDAY, THE 17TH OF JANUARY, A.D. 1706. Above all, and completing the decoration, were festoons of bunting and flags, and a gUt eagle. Without discussing the question as to whether Franklin was born in the MUk Street house, or in some other, a description of the humble dweUing which for many years has enjoyed that distinction among men of competent knowledge and judgment, wUl not be inappropriate in this connection. After leaving Washington Street, and proceeding a short distance into Milk Street, on the right hand, or southerly, side, will be noticed a lofty warehouse, built of granite in a durable form and manner, and bearing, in raised letters beneath its cornice, "Birth place of Franklin." This building occupies the site of the old wooden house which tradition, supported by good testimony, asserts to be that in which Boston's most distinguished son was born, on the sixth of DECORATIONS. 103 January, 1705-6, according to the old style of reck oning time, as entered in the town book of the records of births. The main house resembled in form many of the tenements of the olden time which have been preserved till now. Its front upon the street was rudely clapboarded, and the sides and rear were protected from the inclemencies of a New England climate by large rough shingles. On the street it measured about twenty feet; and on the sides, (the westerly of which was bounded by the passageway and contained the doorway, approached by two steps,) the extreme length of the building, including a wooden leanto used as a kitchen, was about thirty feet. In height the house was three stories, the upper being an attic, which presented a pointed gable towards the street. In front, the second story and attic projected somewhat into the street over the principal story on the ground floor. On the lower floor of the main house there was one room only. This, which probably served the Frank lins as a parlor and sitting-room, and also for the family eating-room, was about twenty feet square, and had two windows upon the street ; and it had, also, one upon the passage-way, so near the corner as to give the in mates a good view of Washington Street, from which an aged lady, now living, remembers well to have seen Washington pass through that street in his last visit to the town. Besides these windows there had 104 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. been others in the days of its early proprietors which opened upon the easterly side of the house, the seats of which were retained until the destruction of the building. In the centre of the southerly side of the room was one of those noted large fireplaces, situated in a most capacious chimney, which are so well remem bered as among the comforts of old houses; on the left of this was a spacious closet, and on the right the door, communicating with a small entry in which were the stairs to the rooms above and to the cellar, the latter of which was accessible to the street through one of the old-fashioned cellar doors, situated partly in the sidewalk. On the ground floor, connecting with the sitting- room through the entry, was situated the kitchen, in a tenfoot addition to the rear part of the main build ing. The only windows from this part of the house looked back upon a vacant lot of land in the extreme rear of the lot which served as a yard and garden plat. The second story originally contained but one cham ber, and in this the windows, door, fireplace and closet, were similar in number and position to those in the parlor beneath it. Some of the later tenants divided this room by a wooden partition, forming a small bed room of the westerly portion, which received light only through the side window facing Washington Street. The attic was also, originally, one unplastered room, and had a window in front on the street, and two com- DECORATIONS. 105 mon attic windows, one on each side of the roof, near the back part of it. This room was, also, at an un known time, divided by a partition into two apart ments, one in front and the other in the rear. Such was, undoubtedly, the condition and appear ance of the house at the time when the parents of Franldin dwelt within its walls, with their large family of chUdren, several of whom received their first light beneath its roof; and such it continued about one hundred years after the Franklins left it for a house of their own at the present site of the gold ball, at the corner of Hanover and Union Streets. But this old and much honored buUding, though it had stood from the colonial period of Massachusetts history, through the provincial, and had withstood the effects of the revolution, nevertheless was destroyed at last, on Saturday, the twenty-ninth of December, 1810, by fire communicated to it from the livery stable then situated at the corner of Hawley Street, and kept by Stephen L. Soper. At the time of the fire the house was owned and occupied by Mr. John S. Lillie, whose son, Mr. Thomas J. Lillie, was born in it, and remem bers weU every particular about the house, its inter esting traditions, and final destruction. It was at this time that the Old South Meetinghouse took fire, and was saved by the exertions of our aged fellow citizen, Isaac Harris, Esq., for which he received a silver testi monial. 14 106 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. From the site of the old Franklin house, extending to Federal Street, a line had been elevated, running lengthwise through the middle of the street, from which to the noble blocks of warehouses on each side of the street there was an elegant display of double festoons of bunting and cambric, forming arches of bril liant hues of red, yellow, pink, green, white and blue, and producing the most agreeable effect, resembling in appearance an imaginary fairy arbor. At the lower part of the street, near the opening of Federal Street, was another arch of variegated cloths, having the same general ornamental design as the arch at the head of the street, and producing a similar pleasing effect. The credit for this very beautiful display of decora tions was due chiefly to the merchants occupying the stately blocks of warehouses in MUk Street, and partly to the Committee of Arrangements. Federal Street. The portion of this street from MUk Street to Frank- Un Street, through which the procession passed, was very elegantly and tastefuUy decorated by the occu pants of the stores. On the corner, on first entering the street, Messrs. Alfred A. Andrews & Co. made an admirable show of festoons of bunting and flags, surmounted by a spread eagle holding a wreath of evergreens in its beak. In the centre of the display was a highly ornamental DECORATIONS. 107 device containing a bust of Franklin very prettily trimmed with evergreen. The street presented very much the same appear ance as MUk Street. From a line in the centre of the street, running from Milk Street to Franklin Street, flags of various nations depended, interspersed with streamers. The following inscriptions, illustrative of the long life and honorable career of Franklin, were displayed on the store fronts : — BORN JANUARY 17TH, 1706. TALLOW chandler's APPRENTICE, 1717. printer's apprentice, 1719. AUTHOR, 1725. DRY GOODS CLERK, 1727. PRINTER, 1729. LEGISLATOR FOR PENNSYLVANIA, 1732. FOUNDER OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. DEPUTY POSTMASTER GENERAL, 1751. INVENTOR OF LIGHTNING RODS. FELLOW OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY. ORIGINATOR OF VOLUNTEER MILITIA. COLONEL OF MILITIA. REPRESENTATIVE OF AMERICA IN ENGLAND, 1764. MEMBER OF CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, 1775. COMMISSIONER PLENIPOTENTIARY TO FRANCE, 1776. CONCLUDED FIRST TREATY FOR AMERICA, 1778. DOCTOR OF LAWS, BY OXFORD. MINISTER PLENIPOTENTIARY TO FRANCE, 1778. 108 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. Franklin Street and Franklin Place. The Franklin inscriptions were continued in this street, as follows: — COMMISSIONER TO TREAT WITH ENGLAND, 1782. PRESIDENT OF PENNSYLVANIA, 1785. DELEGATE TO FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION, 1787. DIED APRIL 17, 1790. From the primary schoolhouse to the Roman Catho lic church four large flags were extended, with the motto, FRANKLIN WE ALL UNITE TO HONOR HIM. The residences of Mrs. Lydia A. Rogers and Mrs. S. D. French, and the St. James Hotel, were each neatly decorated. Mr. Samuel May displayed across the street at the entrance to Franklin Square the following inscription in large letters : — BENJAMIN FRANKLIN FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE PENNSYLVANIA SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING . THE ABO LITION OF SLAVERY. From the HaU of the Boston Library Society three American flags were shown, with the inscription : — FRANKLIN — 1793. DECORATIONS. 109 The Franklin Monument in the enclosure in the centre of the square, consisting of a large urn upon a pedestal supported by a stone base, was tastefully decorated with evergreen and flowers, the whole sur mounted with lines of bunting arranged in the form of a canopy for it. On the pedestal was the following inscription : — BULFINCH ERECTED THIS MONUMENT IN MEMORY OF FRANKLIN. Above was a line of flags bearing the following inscrip tion : — WHEN THIS PLACE WAS LAID OUT, IN 1793, THIS MONUMENTAL URN WAS ERECTED IN HONOR OP BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. The residence of Mrs. Haven, at No. 22, was very handsomely festooned, and over the front door there was a bust of Franklin, neatly trimmed with ever green. The houses of Mr. Thomas A. Dexter and others were liberally ornamented with flags. At the corner of Hawley Street there was a line of flags each having upon it one letter of the name of " Franklin." From the Pilot office a beautiful national flag was displayed having upon it "Franklin." Mr. Bela Marsh, bookseller, extended from his store 110 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. an American flag, with the inscription, quoted from Poor Richard : — WORTH MAKES THE MAN. Messrs. J. B. Jacobs, Augustus Brown, and WilUam B. Russell, displayed, with a line of national flags, another quotation from the same source: — ONE TO-DAY IS WORTH TWO TO-MORROWS. Mr. David Clapp, printer, exhibited a large kite, with a representation of a key, at the corner of Washington Street, with this inscription : — FRANKLIN ERIPUIT CCELO FULMEN, SCEPTRUMQUE TYRANNIS. From the building occupied by the same gentleman were also displayed flags and the annexed : — WASHDSTGTON AND FRANKLIN AS THE STREETS WHICH BEAR THEIR IMMORTAL NAMES ARE HERE INSEPARABLY CONNECTED, SO ARE THEIR MEMORIES JOINED IN THE UNIVERSAL AFFECTION AND HOMAGE OF MANKIND. Washington Street, frmn Franldin Street to Dover Street. Opposite the head of Franklin Street a beautiful and peculiar design met the view, and attracted the atten tion of all passers. Messrs. Bradford & Co., engravers and lithographers, exhibited a tablet of blue cloth, dotted with silver stars, extending from the roof to the DECORATIONS. Ill second story of their building, on which was displayed the following inscription, in large silver letters : — THE MAN FOR WHOM SCIENCE AND POLITICS ARE DISPUTING; WHO, EMBRACING EARTH AND HEAVEN IN HIS IDEAS, COULD TAME THE VOICE OF THUNDER AND OF DESPOTISM. In the centre of the display was a very fine bust of Franklin, and the whole was prettUy set off with bunting. American flags were suspended from the store of Messrs. George W. Warren & Co., and from the Marl boro' Hotel. The armory of the New England Guards was very tastefuUy ornamented with flags and variously colored streamers. The premises of Mr. Edward Hennessey, at No. 268, were neatly decorated with national colors. Messrs. Hinds & Williams displayed a profusion of bunting of the prevaUing colors, and a bust of FrankUn-. Messrs. Charles H. Bruce & Co., at No. 304, exhib ited very neat and handsome decorations. At the corner of Suffolk Place were suspended flags and streamers, together with a shield put up by Messrs. Theodore F. Harris and Joseph H. Sawyer, bearing the following inscription: — FRANKLIN THE LIGHTNINGS OP HEAVEN AND THE TYRANTS OF EARTH YIELD TO THY GREAT MIND. 112 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. They also extended across the street a line of flags and streamers. The front of the Boston Theatre was very elabo rately ornamented with sUk flags, and festoons of various colored bunting. A shield of the United States surmounted with a liberty cap, with a bust of Franklin in the foreground, produced a beautiful effect. Messrs. Chase Brothers & Co. exhibited fine taste in their decorations. In the same buUding, from the upper story was shown a large American flag. Messrs. Woodward & Brovra, at No. 387, and Mr. WiUiam K. BacaU, at No. 389, dressed their establish ments very tastefuUy. Gray's BuUding was very neatly and appropriately adorned with national flags and bunting, by the occu pant, Mr. Leopold Herman. This magnificent build ing, in its superb dress, with its windows well fiUed with ladies, made a most imposing appearance. Messrs. Gaheny & Gendrot, carvers and cabinet makers, exhibited from their premises a bust of Frank lin, appropriately draped with colored festoons and folds of bunting, producing a very agreeable and pleasing effect. Mr. George B. MUton, at No. 427, trimmed the awning in front of his store with colored cloth of various hues, with evergreen and flowers ; and exhib ited a picture of FrankUn, trimmed, also, with ever green and flowers, in a very neat manner. DECORATIONS. 113 At Boylston market were displayed two busts of Franklin, and other decorations. In the window of Mr. Stephen Emmons, a lineal descendant of Frankhn's uncle Benjamin the poet, an ancient picture of Franklin was an object of much notice. It had attached to it the foUowing memo randum : — " This picture was sent from London, July 17, 1767, by Dr. Franklin, to my grandfather, Samuel Franklin, a cousin of Dr. Franklin, and has been in our famUy ever since." Mr. Lemuel GUbert, piano-forte manufacturer, made a considerable show with three American flags. In this part of the street many of the houses and stores were ornamented very tastUy with flags and bunting. Among these the premises of Messrs. WU liam Trainer, Jr., George S. Kelt, WiUiam Mathews, James Kelt, John S. Rogers, George W. Stevens, B. F. Horn, Antoine Mattel, J. B. Starkweather and Patrick Murtagh, were particularly deserving of notice, for the neatness and elegance of the drapery. The dwelling-house and store of Mr. D. A. SahUen, at No. 568, made a fine appearance, with a profusion of colored feetoons, and a tablet containing Poor Rich ard's famous saying, A STITCH IN TIME SAVES NINE. The residence of Mrs. C. B. Cummings, No. 616, was arrayed in a fine hohday suit. The vrindows were 15 114 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL- hung with variously colored festoons, and over the door was inscribed, THE GREAT PRACTICAL ECONOMIST. On the balustrade of the same house was a bust of Franklin, prettUy trimmed with evergreen and flowers, and over it, THE GREAT PHILOSOPHER. Underneath was a quotation from Franklin's Proverbs, in the foUovring words : — HE THAT HATH A TRADE HATH AS ESTATE. The dweUing-house of Hon. Moses KimbaU, at the corner of Oak Street, was highly ornamented, and with much taste and neatness. Near the roof was placed a very large and handsome eagle, fi:om which were extended smaU national flags, and depending there from was a magnificent display of flags and streamers. A bust of the great phUosopher, elegantly draped, was exposed to view, and the foUowing inscription, in prominent letters : — HONOR TO FRANKLIN THE MAN, THE MASON, THE STATESMAN, THE PHILOSOPHER. The dwelUng-house of the late Mr. Alfred Richard son, at the corner of Pine Street, had various national DECORATIONS. 115 flags, and was beautifuUy decked with streamers, pre senting truly a holiday appearance. The adjoining residence of Mr. Henry W. Dutton attracted much notice on account of its dress. The balcony was tastefuUy draped and festooned with bunt ing, and bore the following appropriate inscription: — "by the press we can SPEAK TO THE NATIONS." Franklin. A bust of FrankUn and an American eagle, properly disposed and draped, completed the decorations. The store of Mr. A. G. WUbor, apothecary, at the corner of Indiana Street, exhibited a profusion of flags. From the rooms of the Vernon Club, at No. 743, there was a line of flags and Franklin's weU known words, don't GIVE TOO MUCH FOR THE WHISTLE. The dweUing-house of Mrs. M. Plympton, No. 740, was handsomely arrayed in appropriate colors, and made a fine display of flags and streamers. Messrs. McFarland and B. N. Cumings made a fine show at their residences, at the corner of Asylum Street. Their houses were beautifuUy decorated with flags and a bust of Franklin, and the following quota tion was conspicuous: — "HELP ME TO BE FAITHFUL TO MY COUNTRY, CARE FUL FOR ITS GOOD, VALIANT FOR ITS DEFENCE, AND OBEDIENT TO ITS LAWS." Benjamin Franklin. 116 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. Beneath the bust was the name of " Franklin," in large gUt letters. The stores occupied by Messrs. Joseph Hoar, pro vision dealer, and Marshal M. Ripley, grocer, were weU ornamented. Mr. John Green, Jr. painter, exhibited a variety of devices and inscriptions. Among them was a repre sentation of a printing press, with the motto : — THE tyrant's FOE, THE PEOPLE'S FRIEND. Another device exhibited a globe, maps, and a Bible, together with the words, KNOWLEDGE IS POWER. Beneath these were represented Masonic and other symbols, and the inscription : — BENJAMIN FRANKLIN A PHILOSOPHER, STATESMAN, AND PATRIOT. Messrs. N. J. Bradley, No. 776, George Homer, No. 778, and James M. Smith, No. 837, had their places very handsomely trimmed. The residence of Mr. Nathaniel Brewer, No. 877, was decorated in good taste, and displayed a picture of Franklin at the Court of France, together with a richly ornamented banner formerly belonging to the ward, and called the banner of the " Tea Party Ward." It DECORATIONS. 117 represented the destruction of the tea at Griffin's (now Liverpool) wharf, in 1773, and was inscribed, freemen's right — freemen's might. tea party in boston, december 16, 1773. Dover Street. This street was magnificently and most elaborately decorated by the united effort of the public spirited residents. From the corner of Washington, where the procession entered, to Tremont Street, there was an unbroken succession of tent-like arrangements of flags and variegated streamers, which gave to the street a very elegant and picturesque appearance. At the entrance from Washington Street were two large American flags, on one of which was inscribed, FRANKLm BORN JANUARY 17TH, 1706. On the other was one of his sayings, TIME IS MONEY. Interspersed among the flags and streamers, which literally formed a canopy to the street, were the follow ing inscriptions, and several quotations from Franklin's quaint sayings, taken chiefly from Poor Richard's Al manac : — BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. BORN JAN. 17, 1706 — DIED APRIL 17, 1790. 118 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. A PLOWMAN ON HIS LEGS IS HIGHER THAN A GEN TLEMAN ON HIS KNEES. THE GENIUS WHICH GAVE FREEDOM TO AMERICA, AND SCATTERED TORRENTS OF LIGHT UPON EUROPE. BENJAMm FRANKLm HE KEPT HIS SPIRIT PURE FROM WORLDLY TAINT BY THE REPELLANT POWER OF VIRTUE. A LITTLE NEGLECT MAY BREED GREAT MISCHIEF. SLOTH MAKETH ALL THmGS DIFFICULT, BUT INDUSTRY ALL EASY. ELECTRICITY THE WONDER OF THE WORLD. HE THAT HATH A TRADE HATH AN ESTATE. don't give too MUCH FOR THE WHISTLE. CONSTANT DROPPmG WILL WEAR AWAY STONES. IT IS HARD FOR AN EMPTY SACK TO STAND UPRIGHT. Across the head of Shawmut Avenue was suspended, A SMALL LEAK WILL SmK A GREAT SHIP. At the head of Suffolk Street, BE ASHAMED TO CATCH YOURSELF IDLE. At the head of Emerald Street, leading into Dover Street, a stand was erected and gayly decorated with flags, mottoes, &c. Thirty-one girls dressed in white, pupils of the Franklin School, occupied the stand, and as the procession passed, united their sweet voices in DECORATIONS. 119 singing a number of appropriate pieces. On every side were mottoes from the wise maxims of FrankUn, and the foUowing inscription : — FRANKLm SCHOOL ESTABLISHED m 1785. In front of the platform was a bust of Franklin very neatly trimmed. Another motto in this vicinity was, WHEN THE WELL IS DRY, WE KNOW THE WORTH OP WATER. Across the entrance to VUlage Street was a very large flag, inscribed, " Park." Mr. W. W. Clapp, Jr., at No. 25, displayed over his door a picture of Frankhn, with the inscriptions — BOSTON, SEPT. 17TH, 1856. HE SHALL HAVE A NOBLE MEMORY. Mr. Benjamin F. Tenney, at No. 9, displayed the motto : — THE FAME THAT A MAN WmS HIMSELF, IS BEST; THAT HE MAY CALL HIS OWN. On the residence of Mr. George H. ChUd, at No. 5, was displayed, WHILE FRANKLm'S QUIET MEMORY CLIMBS TO HEAVEN, CALMmG THE LIGHTNmG WHICH HE THENCE HATH RIVEN. 120 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. At the juncture of the street with Tremont Street was a very large flag, with the motto, so often used upon the route, HE THAT HATH A TRADE HATH AN ESTATE. Trerrwnt Street, from Dover to Pleasard Street. A portion of this part of the route was very beau tifully adorned by the residents; nearly every house having festoons and streamers tastefuUy arranged. The dwelling-house of Mr. L. Leach, No. 495, was neatly adorned with bunting of various colors, and bore the following motto : — LITTLE STROKES FELL GREAT OAKS. On the house of Mr. Warren Richardson, No. 488, which was neatly trimmed, was the following inscrip tion : — WE WILL KEEP HIS NAME GREEN m OUR MEMORY. The promise given above was fulfiUed, certainly for the day of inauguration; for, on a white groundwork with a border of evergreens and dahlias, was displayed, FRANKLm THE PATRIOT, STATESMAN AND PHILOSOPHER. Mr. Paul McNutt, at No. 441, displayed a line of flags, with the words, HONOR TO FRANKLm. DECORATIONS. 121 The houses occupied by Messrs. Philip B. Read, Freeman Howland, J. H. Simonds and Benedict Salvo, were neatly adorned. Besides other decorations, the latter had a tablet, with the foUowing words : — GONE, BUT NOT FORGOTTEN. The residence of Mr. GUbert Cummings, No. 343, was elegantly draped with flags and bunting, and dis played a picture of FrankUn at the court of France, with a bust of the phUosopher, and a fine gilt eagle. The residence of Mr. J. Rametti, No. 342, and that of Mr. J. A. Robinson, at the corner of Pleasant Street, were trimmed in exceUent taste. Pleasant Street. The houses in this street were weU decorated, many of them bearing mottoes and sayings of Franklin. The dwelling-house of Mr. Charles W. Stevens was highly ornamented. A line of flags extended across the street bore the foUowing : — HIS KEYS UNLOCKED THE CLOUDS, AND TAMED THE LIGHTNmG TO HIS WILL. On the left side of the inscription was a paper kite, with the foUowing wor(^s, in conspicuous letters : — SMALL MEANS. 122 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. On the right side was another simUar kite inscribed, GREAT ENDS. The house of Mr. Edwin Brown was tastefully trimmed with bunting of various colors, and displayed a picture of FrankUn at the court of France, neatly draped. Mr. John M. Eobbins displayed an elegant banner, with the words, LA FRANCE APPLAUDIT. Charles Street. In the portion of this street through which the procession passed, there was no great chance for deco rations, there being no buUdings on either side. Nev ertheless, the show from the Common and Pubhc Garden made up for the deficiency in the street. Nu merous flags and streamers were arranged from tents and trees, producing an agreeable effect. Beacon Street. Some of the prominent points in this street were decorated with flags and inscriptions. Two Netherland Consular flags were suspended from the house of B. Homer Dixon, Esq., at the corner bf Walnut Street. A paper kite was shown at the corner of Joy Street. DECORATIONS. 123 A line of flags was extended across the street, between the house of Mr. Benjamin GuUd and the grocery store of Mr. W. H. Henderson, at the comer of Bowdoin Street, with a profile likeness of Franklin and a tablet with the words, TIME IS MONEY. On the reverse of this was also prominently inscribed, BOSTON SETTLED 1630. The stone buUding of the Boston Athenaeum was somewhat adorned. School Street. The Parker House was magnificently decorated. Six American flags waved from the balustrade. Upon this were arranged eight large vases containing beautiful natural flowers. On the fi:ont of the balcony were two weU formed shields ; the one at the right bore a representation of a printing press, with the motto : — THmK INNOCENTLY AND JUSTLY; AND, IF YOU SPEAK, SPEAK ACCORDmGLY. The shield on the left had the representation of a bee-hive, and the words, mDUSTRY. BE ALWAYS EMPLOYED m SOMETHING USEFUL. Immediately over the balcony was a large painting, ,124 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORLAL. very well executed, representing Franklin, as a printer, wheeling home on a hand-barrow a load of paper, with the foUovping descriptive quotation from his auto biography : — I SOMETEVIES BROUGHT HOME THE PAPER I PURCkASED AT THE STORES, THROUGH THE STREETS ON A WHEELBARROW. An architectural design served as a border for the picture, the two columns being entwined with grape vines, full of rich-looking clusters of fruit. At the top were the arms of the Franklin famUy. On the columns were two shields, one bearing a kite, the other an ancient electrical machine. The printing office of Mr. N. S. Dearborn was gaUy decorated and festooned with drapery, the whole sur mounted by an eagle. Across the street a flag was extended with the words, HONOR TO FRANKLm. Mr. Abner Haven, confectioner, displayed in front of his store a bust of Franklin. Messrs. Chichi & Garey, at their statuary rooms, displayed busts of Franklin and other distinguished persons, his compatriots. The City Hall. The municipal buUding of the city was most ele gantly and appropriately decorated for the memorable DECORATIONS. 125 occasion. Lines of flags of all nations, and streamers, were extended across the square and street, producing a beautiful effect. The area was chiefly covered with the stage for the speakers, and the large platforms for the spectators of the inaugural ceremonies. Besides the above described decorations on the route of the procession, there were many in other parts of the city: for no class of citizens seemed to be neglectful in doing homage to the memory of him who had been their most distinguished townsman ; but vied in paying honor to him who, more than any other, had honored them. PROCESSION. PEOCESSION. The procession was considered by all observers to be one of the grandest and most extensive, both as regards its length, and the great degree of ornament displayed, that was ever witnessed in the streets of Boston. The features distinguishing it from all others were its pecu liarity and originality. It was composed of persons of all classes, and of every condition in life ; citizens of every grade and occupation striving with each other in adding to the great show of the unexampled demon stration. There were few parts of the pageant, indeed, in which a special connection with the great Bostonian was not evident. The mUitary, the firemen, the mem bers of the various trades and professions, the different societies and associations — literary, scientific, benevo lent and religious — were all represented on the memo rable occasion, and all seemed to have some appropriate reference or connection with the distinguished indi vidual whose remembrance they seemed determined should always be green in the city of his birth, which he had honored by his integrity and uprightness, by 17 130 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. his science and philosophy, by his wisdom and pru dence, and by his living friendship and dying bequests. The spirit of the remarkable man seemed to pervade every part of the magnificent array. As an exhibition of Boston, and its noble institutions and enterprising inhabitants, the procession may be regarded as a successful demonstration. The volunteer militia was out in its strength and accustomed splendor, and elicited from the numerous spectators the warmest encomiums for promptness of action and soldierly ap pearance. The firemen of the city, with their appara tus in perfect working order and decked as became the occasion, were truly an honor to Boston, and to the event they so much aided to distinguish. The masonic fraternity, in very rich and dazzling regalia — a noble brotherhood in deeds as well as professions — won from all a favorable recognition for their great number, brilliant appearance and general respectabUity. The vast number of societies and associations, organized for all kinds of good purposes and intentions, with badges, decorations and uniforms in profuse variety, forming a very large and attractive part of the array, made a most imposing show, and added very much to the spectacle. The manner in which the business of Boston — both the manufacturing and the trading — was represented in the grand procession was most striking, and wiU probably never be forgotten by those whose good for- PROCESSION. 131 tune it was to be witnesses of the successful demon stration. Almost all the various branches of business were well represented, and many of the individual firms made remarkable displays. To a stranger, who for the first time beheld such a sight, the appearance of the immense numbers of substantial-looking trades men and mechanics who composed the solid columns of the various delegations, was truly astounding, and gave a positive idea of the extent of the business done in the city of Boston. One branch in particular, \vhich a few years ago was unknown in this community — the express — was most liberally provided with noble teams and weU laden wagons, demonstrating to be holders the great extent to' which the necessities of increased business have multiplied new and important conveniences. The whole array of the procession afforded the most convincing illustration and conclusive demonstration of the enterprise which exists in the birthplace of Franklin. The length of the procession was so great that it occupied the whole route, which was about five miles; so that when the vanguard, leaving Park Street Meet inghouse, had proceeded northerly through Tremont and other streets, to Haymarket Square, and thence easterly to Commercial Street, where the course became turned towards the south, and had advanced in its serpentine route to its most southerly limit in Dover Street, and had then on its return to the centre of the 132 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. city, passed through the Tremont Road and Pleasant Street, by the Common on the two sides bounded by Charles and Beacon Streets, to the corner of Beacon and Tremont Streets, it came in contact with the sixth division of the procession, which was only commencing its progress, and several other divisions were yet to pass, which consumed more than twenty minutes more. It was two hours and fifty minutes in passing a given point on the route. Precisely at ten o'clock the procession started, with commendable punctuality, and occupied more than four hours in its passage over the route. The appearance of the spectacle was most intensely interesting at two o'clock in the afternoon; for at that time the whole procession was in motion, and every element was fairly in action. The whole route was at this time fiUed by the procession, the vanguard just terminating, and the rearguard of mounted policemen just commencing the march. The sidewalks were covered with men and boys, and the windows were fiUed with women and children, eager spectators of what was passing. The square in front of City Hall was thronged with those who were so fortunate as to gain admission to hear the exercises and witness the ceremonies. The procession was arranged as nearly as possible to conform with the program issued by the Chief Mar shal, and proceeded through the appointed streets in excellent order, as follows. PROCESSION. 133 THE VANGUARD. The procession was preceded by a select body of pohcemen, mounted upon white horses, consisting of the Deputy Chief, Luther A. Ham, Captains Edward H. Savage, WUliam K. Jones, Samuel G. Adams, Robert Taylor, William B. Tarleton, and Lieutenants Nathaniel G. Davis, Asa MorrUl, Oliver Whitcomb, John S. Hunt, William Chadbourn, James D. Russell, Alvan S. Drew and WUliam E. Hough ; all of whom were neatly and uniformly dressed, each wearing a blue cloth cap encir cled with a broad patent leather band bearing a sUver star in front ; blue coats trimmed with gilt buttons, and black pantaloons. Besides the proper insignia of office, each had other badges pertinent to the occasion. The horses were well caparisoned, and bore the appropriate emblems of the official position of their riders. THE MILITARY ESCORT. The First Brigade of Massachusetts Volunteer MUitia, having had the honorable appointment of performing escort duty, came next in order. Colonel William W. Bullock of the second regiment of infantry in com mand. Brigadier General Samuel Andrews bemg pre vented by severe Ulness from being present. Colonel Bullock was accompanied by the officers composing the staff of the brigade. 134 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. Brigade Staff: Brigade Major, P. Stearns Davis; Aid-de-camp, Henry C. Brooks ; Quarter-master, WiUiam Baker, Jr.; Engineer, Charles L. Holbrook. The First Brigade comprises the following corps, which appeared in the order given below, and with the officers specified. The Boston Light Artillery, under Cq,ptain Moses G. Cobb ; Adjutant, Adin Partridge ; Surgeon, WUliam Otis Johnson ; with full battery of six field pieces and caissons, sixty horses and ninety men. The First Battalion of Light Dragoons, under Major Thomas J. Pierce, with the Boston Brass Band. Staff : Adjutant, WUliam F. White ; Quarter-master, Lucius Slade; Surgeon, John D. Mason. The companies of this battalion, as they appeared in the procession, numbered about two hundred and twenty-five men and horses, and were : — Company B. — The Boston Light Dragoons, under Captain Isaac H. Wright. Company A. — The National Lancers, under Captain Charles A. Kimball. The First Regiment of Infantry, under Colonel Robert I. Burbank, with the regimental band, (Flagg's Cornet.) Lieutenant Colonel, Albert J. Wright; Major, Samuel G. Adams. Staff: Adjutant, John R. Hall; Quarter-master, T. Bigelow Lawrence; Paymaster, Ed ward G. Parker ; Surgeon, Frederic S. Ainsworth ; Sur geon's Mate, Hasket Derby. PROCESSION. 135 The companies of this regiment appeared under the officers named, and in the following order, with about four hundred men: — Company B. — New England Guards, Captain Joseph L. Henshaw ; Company C. — Pulaski Guards, Captain Joshua Jen kins; Company G. — Washington Light Infantry, Lieuten ant Edward W. Hinks ; Company H. — Mechanic Infantry, Captain George West; Company A. — Boston Light Infantry, Lieutenant WiUiam W. Cook; Company F. — Independent Boston FusUeers, Cap tain Henry A. Snow; Company D. — Boston Light Guard, Lieutenant Wal ter MUes; Company E. — Bostoxi City Guard,, Captain Isaac F. Shepard. The Second Regiment of Infantry, under Lieutenant Colonel Thomas L. D. Perkins, with the Boston Cornet Band. Major, Warren French. Staff : Adjutant, Solon Fisher ; Quarter-master, Daniel Cram ; Paymaster, Tim othy Osgood; Surgeon, Rufus L. Hinckley; Surgeon's Mate, T. Haven Dearing. The companies of this regiment exhibited about two hundred and eighty men, in the order and under the officers mentioned below : — 136 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. Coinpany A. — Boston Phalanx, Captain Thomas H Evans ; Company C. — Washington Guards, Captain Joseph N. Pennock; Company B. — Union Guards, Captain Benjamin F. Russell ; Company F. — National Guards, Captain Augustine Harlow ; Company E. — Lafayette Guards, Captain Porter D. Tripp ; Company D. — Roxbury Infantry, Captain Isaac S. Burrill. The brigade, dressed in the regulation uniform, ap peared very finely, fully sustaining its high character and reputation for soldierly conduct and drUl, bearing the fatigues of the long and wearisome march with great decorum, and in a manner alike honorable to the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia and to the occasion which called them forth to duty. THE BOSTON PIRE DEPARTMENT. Immediately following the military escort, the fire department in full ranks, in some instances exceeding the number prescribed by the city ordinances, appeared in the procession arrayed in holiday costume. The department was promptly in line at nine o'clock in the morning, on Tremont and Boylston Street MaUs, where PROCESSION. ¦ 137 it was reviewed by his Honor, the Mayor, and many other members of the city government. No body of men in the whole procession acquitted themselves more handsomely, or gave more satisfaction to the spectators, than did the hardy members of this truly important department. Under the Chief Engineer, the late Mr. Ehsha Smith, Jr., aided by the several assistant en gineers, the following order was observed: — A delegation of fire police. Chief Engineer and the foUowing aids: — Messrs. Charles S. Clark, George W. Bird, Joseph Dunbar, Nathaniel W. Pratt, David Chamberlin, David C. Me- loon, Richard S. Martin, George F. Hibbard, Zenas E. Smith. Mr. Frederick A. Colburn, Secretary of the Board. Music, Mount Washington Brass Band. Mazeppa Bagine Company, No. 1, William H. Cun ningham, Foreman ; WiUiam H. Kaharl, Assistant Fore man ; Frederick Richards, Clerk ; George F. Gould, Steward. Uniform — black glazed caps, red shirts faced with blue, black pantaloons. Engine handsomely deco rated. Forty-five men. A splendid American sUk flag was borne by this company, which was presented to them on the previous evening by an ex-member and volunteer of Cataract, No. 4, in the name of the company; the presentation speech being made by Mr. John Gould, an active mem ber of No. 4. 138 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. Perkins Engine Company, No. 2, Daniel Weston, Jr., Foreman ; George A. Brown, Assistant Foreman ; John B. HiU, Clerk; Theodore Hutchings, Steward. Uni form — black cloth caps, blue shirts, red facings, with a shield on the breast, black pantaloons. Forty-two men. Eagle Engine Company, No. 3, Edward W. Milliken, Foreman; Hiram L. Wallingford, Assistant Foreman; George D. Chubbuck, Clerk ; William A. Spooner, Stew ard. Uniform — black glazed caps, red shirts, black and blue facings with silver trimmings, black panta loons. Forty men. Cataract Engine Company, No. 4, John S. Damrell, Foreman; John Prince, Assistant Foreman; Rufus B. Farrar, Clerk; Alexander H. Towne, Steward. Uni form — fire caps, red shirts, drab pantaloons, with patent leather leggins. Bouquets of flowers in buckets on Engine. The company carried a large sUk national flag in its ranks. Forty-eight men. Extinguisher Engine Company, No. 5, Wilham M. Rumery, Foreman; Samuel W. Holt, Assistant Fore man ; Eben H. Goodhue, Clerk ; David Riley, Steward. Uniform — blue caps, blue shirts, black pantaloons, and patent leather leggins. Engine handsomely decorated vsdth bouquets of flowers, small flags and bunting. Forty men. Warren Hook and Ladder Company, No. 1, Jere miah S. Stevens, Foreman ; Moses Place, Assistant Fore man; Charles H. Merritt, Clerk; John S. Stevens, PROCESSION. 139 Steward. Uniform — black tarpaulin hats, red shirts, blue trimmings, black pantaloons. Their carriage was appropriately decorated. Twenty-three men. MelvUl Engine Company, No. 6, Benjamin H. Bay- ley, Foreman; Charles C. Geyer, Assistant Foreman; Joseph M. Richardson, Clerk ; William Blake, Steward. Uniform — black hats, red shirts, with VI. on the breast, black pantaloons. This company also carried a splendid silk American flag. Forty men. A delegation from Tiger Engine Company, No. 5, Captain Charles Arlin, of Lowell, acccompanied the MelviU Company. Assistant Engineer William H. Lam- son, of the Lowell Fire Department, was also in the company. Tiger Engine Company, No. 7, Charles C. Henry, Foreman ; Thomas Whipple, Assistant Foreman ; Edwin L. Leavitt^ Clerk ; William Shelton, Steward. Uni form — fire caps, red shirts with black facings, black pantaloons. Forty-two men. Boston Engine Company, No. 8, Charles P. Shattuck, Foreman ; Benjamin Tarbox, Assistant Foreman ; Julius T. Parkhurst, Clerk; Archibald Smith, Steward. Uni form — blue cloth caps, red shirts with VIH. on the breast, black pantaloons. A silken flag was borne in the ranks of the company. Seventy men. Maverick Engine Company, No. 9, John P. Somerby, Foreman ; Job H. Perkins, Assistant Foreman ; Benja min Varney, Clerk; Anthony Currant, Steward. Uni- 140 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. form — blue caps, blue and red shirts, with IX. on the breast, black pantaloons, with patent leather leggins. Engine handsomely decorated with wreaths and bou quets of flowers. Fifty men. North Bridgewater Brass Band, G. E. Kingsley, leader. Dunbar Engine Company, No. 10, Joseph Baker, Foreman ; George A. Tucker, Assistant Foreman ; John Gray, Clerk; Alfred P. Inman, Steward. Uniform — black cloth caps with gold bands, blue shirts with red facings, black pantaloons. Forty men. Washington Hook and Ladder Company, No. 2, Charles Simmons, Foreman ; James W. Seavey, Assist ant Foreman ; WUliam F. Hayes, Clerk ; Thaddeus Holmes, Steward. Uniform — blue cloth caps, blue shirts, black pantaloons. Twenty men. The ladder truck was decorated in a very appro priate manner, the American colors being placed on the right and left of the ladders, surrounded by flowers, while on the top of the truck, in the centre of the lad ders, was placed a large portrait of Washington. Barnicoat Engine Company, No. 11, Henry A. Hunt ing, Foreman ; Charles B. Maxfield, Assistant Foreman ; Frederick W. Smith, Clerk ; Daniel S. Newell, Steward ; Uniform — fire caps, red shirts, black pantaloons. En gine tastefully decorated with ribbons, flowers and streamers. Forty men. Tremont Engine Company, No. 12, Oliver R. Rob- PROCESSION. 141 bins, Foreman; John Hawkins, Assistant Foreman; Levi W. Shaw, Clerk ; Robert D. Griggs, Steward. Uni form — white fire caps, red shirts with blue facings, black pantaloons. Forty-one men. Washington Hydrant Company, No. 1, Charles E. Dunton, Foreman; Edward Gross, Assistant Foreman; Alfred Williams, Clerk; George H. Delano, Steward. Uniform — scarlet caps, white shirts, black pantaloons. Hose carriage decorated with flags, flowers and ever green. Twenty-three men. Union Hydrant Company, No. 2, Moses C. Thomp son, Foreman; Henry L. Houghton, Assistant Foreman; George Newton, Clerk; Jacob Smith, Steward. Uni form — black caps, red shirts, black pantaloons. Six teen men. Franklin Hydrant Company, No. 3, Jerome Nevins, Foreman ; John S. Ryan, Assistant Foreman ; John Colter, Clerk ; Henry M. Orcutt, Steward. Uniform — black caps, red and blue shirts, black pantaloons, with patent leather leggins. Thirty-six men. Suffolk Hydrant Company, No. 5, WiUiam H. Ford, Foreman ; Benjamin F. Reed, Assistant Foreman ; Sam uel E. Ross, Clerk ; Silas Lovell, Steward. Uniform — scarlet caps, blue shirts, black pantaloons. Twenty men. Deluge Hydrant Company, No. 6, Joseph Barnes, Foreman ; Thomas B. TUton, Assistant Foreman ; Wal ter R. HUl, Clerk ; Horatio Ely, Steward. Uniform — 142 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. blue caps, red shirts with blue facings, black pantaloons. Twenty-two men. Franklin Hook and Ladder Company, No. 3, Orlando P. Marshal, Foreman ; George W. Warren, Assistant Foreman; James P. Marston, Clerk; Ezra 0. Farrar, Steward. Uniformed in good taste. Eighteen men. Their carriage was beautifully decorated with bunl> ing, flowers and flags, and conspicuous in front was displayed a life-size bust of Benjamin Franklin. On one side of the carriage was an axe, in the handle of which was inserted a neat silver plate, bearing an inscription, indicating that it was in the hands of Charles T. Warren, at the time he was killed while on duty as a member of the company, at the fire in North Street, on the afternoon of the twenty-ninth of July, 1856. The fire department closed its display as it com menced, with a delegation of fire police. At this point of the procession there was music by the Salem Brass Band, Mr. P. S. Gilmore, leader. Colonel Newell A. Thompson, Chief Marshal, accom panied by his aids, Messrs. Otis Kimball, William S. King, James Dana, William W. Baker, WiUiam W. Clapp, Jr., E. W. Pike, Joseph P. Hovey, Alexander Boyd, David P. McGilvray, and J. Willard Rice, all mounted upon horses, and wearing chapeaus, blue sashes, and other appropriate insignia, came next in order. PROCESSION. 143 The various divisions into which the procession was arranged then appeared, in the following order : — THE FIRST DIVISION. This was preceded by Colonel Asa Law, bearing the standard. The division was under the immediate direc tion of General John S. Tyler, marshal, and his aids, Messrs. Charles H. Appleton and Frederic W. Lin coln; all of whom were on horseback. It comprised the City Government, the Committee of Arrangements, the Franklin Statue Committee, those who were to take a special part in the exercises and ceremonies of inauguration, the invited guests, and other official per sonages, and was flanked by the Ancient and Honor able ArtUlery -Company, in uniform, with side arms, under their commander. Colonel Marshall P. Wilder. The order was as follows : — The Chief of Police, Mr. Daniel J. Coburn, mounted on a black horse, with Captains WUliam D. Eaton and George M. King, as his aids, on white horses. His Honor Alexander H. Rice, Mayor of the City ; Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, the orator of the occasion ; Frederic W. Lincoln, Jr., Esq., President of the Massa chusetts Charitable Mechanic Association ; and Rev. George W. Blagden, chaplain; in an open barouche, drawn by six gray horses. FoUowing this barouche were the Committee of 144 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. Arrangements of the City Council, represented by Mr. Farnham Plummer, the chairman, and others ; the mem bers of the two branches of the City Government ; the members of the Franklin Statue Committee, and sev eral distinguished citizens and strangers. The above were arranged in carriages, nearly as follows : — Hon. Nathan Appleton; Hon. WiUiam Appleton; Professor Robert Hare, of Philadelphia; and Reuben Reed, Esq. Hon. Edward Everett ; Hon. Josiah Quincy, Senior ; Hon. Stephen Fairbanks ; and Hon. Jared Sparks. Hon. Charles Wells ; Dr. Jacob Bigelow ; George G. Smith, Esq.; and Isaac Harris, Esq. Rev. James Walker, President of Harvard College ; Hon. James Savage ; and the Right Rev. Manton East- burn. Col. Benjamin Loring; Hon. Richard Frothingham, ex-Mayor of Charlestown ; Theophilus R. Marvin, Esq. ; and Nathaniel B. Shurtleff. Hon. David Sears ; James Clark, Esq. ; and Thomas Blanchard, Esq. Henry N. Hooper, Esq.; James Lawrence, Esq.; John Cowdin, Esq.; and John H. Thomdike, Esq. Other members of the City Government and of the Statue Committee not mentioned above, were in other positions, or joined the procession in more active capacities; among these were Hon. Osmyn Brewster, L. M. Standish, Esq., Joseph L. Bates, Esq., Charles G. PROCESSION. 145 King, Esq., Otis Tufts, Esq., Daniel N. Haskell, Esq., and Epes Sargent, Esq. Col. Thomas Aspinwall, Major J. Grafton, Capt. Hough, and Lieut. Rice, veterans of the war of 1812. The American Academy of Arts and Sciences, incor porated in 1780, followed next. This is the only society now existing in Massachusetts of which Frank lin was a member. The foregoing were flanked by the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, bearing side arms only. Next came His Excellency Henry J. Gardner, with two aids-de-camp, Messrs. George M. Thacher and Itha- mar F. Conkey ; and John M. Clark, Esq., High Sheriff of Suffolk, in a barouche drawn by four gray horses ; the Independent corps of Cadets, Lieutenant Colonel Thomas C. Amory commanding, acting as body guard. Next followed in carriages. His Honor Henry W. Benchley, Lieutenant Governor, with two of the aids- de-camp of the Governor, Messrs. J. Franklin Bates, and Jonas H. French ; and Ebenezer W. Stone, the Adjutant General of the Commonwealth. The members of the Executive Council in carriages. The members of the last Legislature, in carriages. Ex Mayors of the City, and the reverend clergy. The Professors and other instructors of Harvard College, Commissioners and Trustees of the Public Library of the City, and the other official personages, as indicated in the program. 146 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. Hon. Samuel H. Walley, Hon. Anson Burlingame, and other Representatives and ex-Representatives in Congress, from Massachusetts. The Count de Sartiges, the French Minister, and members of his suite. Gen. Robles, the Mexican Minister. The Mayors and members of the City Governments of Roxbury, Charlestown, Salem, Lowell, Cambridge, and other cities. The United States Navy was represented by Pursers Bates and Slamm, and Lieut. Kimberly, and by Lieut. Jones, of the Marine Corps, and Dr. Suddards. THE SECOND DIVISION. , This division was under the direction of Colonel Thomas E. CniCKERmG, marshal, and his aids, Messrs. Charles G. King, GranviUe Mears, Josiah B. Richardson and Abel Tompkins, all on horseback, with suitable badges and decorations. The division comprised a very considerable portion of the mechanics and me chanical trades of Boston. This division was one of the great features of the procession, and excited more general interest than any other portion of the array, partly on account of its extensiveness, and chiefly for its general diversity and peculiarities. First appeared the members of the Massachusetts PROCESSION. 147 Charitable Mechanic Association, led off by Vice Presi dent Joseph M. Wightman, and Secretary Joseph L. Bates. The Association appeared finely, although many of its members filled conspicuous stations in other parts of the procession. One of the members bore in the front ranks a beautiful silk banner, with the inscription, MASSACHUSETTS CHARITABLE MECHANIC ASSOCIATION. PRESENTED BY SAMUEL T. ARMSTRONG, JUNE 17, 1843. Upon the reverse was the name of the association and the words, FOUNDED 1795. mCORPORATED m' 1806. BE JUST, AND FEAR NOT. There were not less than two hundred men in this body. Several of the aged and infirm members of the association rode in three elegant barouches ; among whom were Messrs. Robert Bacon, Josiah Robbins, Jonathan Loring, Thomas Townsend, Nathaniel Faxon and Ezra Dyer. Next followed the mechanical trades, making a most remarkable display, in nearly the following order, with a great profusion of ornaments, badges and appropri ate emblems. A car, covered with a canopy of flags and other drapery, containing sixteen children representing a vil lage school, and inscribed with the names of the Adams, Normal, Dwight, and Lawrence schools, commenced 148 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORLiL. very appropriately this part of the procession. The following mottoes were on the car: — FREE SCHOOLS ARE THE FORTIFICATIONS OF OUR mOEPENDENT GOVERNMENT. WE HONOR FRANKLm. WE REMEMBER OUR SCHOOL DAYS WITH -PLEASURE. This car, like many others, attracted much notice, and the little pupUs, in their neat attire, with joyous faces, and intelligence peering from their bright eyes, seemed to be perfectly delighted with their novel posi tion. The car was fitted up with newly improved school furniture, by Mr. WUliam G. Shattuck. Another carriage contained numerous convenient and useful specimens of school furniture, from Mr. William 0. Haskell, 141 North Street, with the inscrip tions, on a large blackboard, EDUCATION LESSENS TAXATION. FREE SCHOOLS MAKE FREE MEN. Then followed the artizans from the Ames Manu facturing Company, of Chicopee, to the number of one hundred and seventy-five, under the marshalship of Mr. William Barnes. At their establishment the statue of Franklin was cast. They had with them a beautiful banner, trimmed with rich flowers, and sev eral pyramids of wares — one of the latter consisting PROCESSION. 149 of swords, and other edged weapons, arranged on black velvet, with scabbards and handles of the most costly descriptions; another consisted of specimens of the splendid silver ware manufactured by the company, including a vegetable dish worth about four hundred dollars. There were also borne on the shoulders of men statuettes in bronze of Webster and Washington, and a medallion of Franklin. Several others of the workmen carried a miniature brass cannon. The South Reading Band. The Society of the Bakers of Boston, numbering two hundred, was next in order, under the marshalship of Mr. Jesse Maynard. Their banner bore the words, PRAISE GOD FOR ALL THmGS. UNITED WE STAND, WHILE FRIENDSHIP 'S OUR TEE. SEVER THIS BOND AND WE WILL DEE; and it was adorned with descriptive emblems, such as sheaves, scales, and loaves of bread, and tastefully mounted with gold fringe. It was borne by Mr. Patrick Finley and his two boys. After the journejnnen bakers came the employers, uniformed vdth resetted sashes, foUowed by a car, drawn by four horses, and decorated with streamers, containing twelve men attired in white aprons, with bare arms, at work amid flour and bread, under the direction of Mr. Charles Eaton. In the same car was a 150 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. cracker-making machine and barrels of flour, and as it moved along the streets the bakers dispensed crackers and various kinds of cake among the crowd. Next came a representation from the Boston Sugar Refinery. They had a car, drawn by eight horses, loaded with barrels of the various brands of sugar prepared at the establishment. Two hundred of the men employed in the works appeared in the procession, wearing white aprons fastened at the waist by blue ribbons, with Mr. Frederic Pease for their marshal. Immediately after the sugar refiners foUowed a wagon belonging to Messrs. Stickney & Poor, No. 8 Chatham Row, drawn by four horses, and fiUed with coffee, mustard and prepared spices. Mr. Ziba Stearns, grocer, Nos. 84 and 86 Kneeland Street, had a wagon loaded with ale and lager beer. A car containing furniture polish, manufactured by Mr. Daniel H. Shirley, No. 197 Washington Street, attracted considerable notice. It contained a mam moth bottle, ten feet high, duly labelled, drawn by four horses. Messrs. William H. Maine & Co., soapstone workers, exhibited various specimens of sinks, tubs, registers, and other household apparatus, in a wagon drawn by two horses. Following this was a car drawn by four black horses, representing the establishment of Messrs. Baldwin & Emerson, freestone workers. PROCESSION. 151 A wagon simUarly loaded bore the name of Mr. C. H. Foran, and came next. From Messrs. Clark & Hunt, with a star spangled canopy, a wagon containing specimens of stencU plate workmanship, foUowed in order. Next followed a car from the Connecticut North River Flagstone and Freestone Manufactory, drawn by four horses, with a bracket carved from freestone. Next in the line was a car from the South Bos ton Iron Foundry, on which was drawn, by five fine horses, a large cannon, of nine inch bore, and weighing 9,200 pounds, cast for Said Pasha, for the steamship "Voyageur de la Mer," by Mr. George A. Stone; also two bronze four pound cannon, and a pile of ten- inch bomb-sheUs, with specimens of gearing. From the car floated the American ensign. Following the car were one hundred and twenty-five employees, car rying a banner, showing the date of the establishment of the business, which was in 1827. On their banner was the motto : — IRON MORE USEFUL THAN GOLD. Two cars from the Bay State Iron Works of South Boston, with fine specimens of iron ore, pig iron, and car raUs. Following the car were about three hundred employees, dressed with black pantaloons, blue shirts, and wearing belts, and hat band badges, under the marshalship of Mr. John Reed. In their ranks was 152 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. borne the American ensign, and a banner with the significant motto : — WE HANDLE OUR TOOLS WITHOUT MITTENS. A car from the Boston Chain Works, fiUed with chains of various sizes, was drawn by sixteen horses. Prom the Boston Locomotive Works were two hun dred men with banners, the first inscribed with the word "Machinists." Another banner bore a portrait of Frankhn, and underneath it, "The Mechanic and Philosopher." Another had the motto : — "he that hath a trade hath an estate." Franklin. A beautifully constructed and ornamented locomotive, named '" Franklin," on a large car drawn by twenty-four horses, attested the skill of the workmen. From the same works was a icar loaded with ponderous iron car wheels, drawn by twelve powerful horses. Prom the Globe Locomotive Works were one hun dred and fifty men, accompanying an elegant and highly finished locomotive, drawn by ten horses. They bore a beautiful banner of pink silk, trimmed with gold. The next car was drawn by eight large horses, and represented the establishment of Mr. Harrison Loring, South Boston, stationary and marine engine builder. It contained a machine manufactured to order for a PROCESSION. 153 sugar plantation in the West Indies. On the car were the subjoined mottoes : — MECHANIC ARTS WITHOUT THEM THERE CAN BE NEITHER CIVILIZATION NOR WEALTH. MANUFACTURES AND COMMERCE MAKE A NATION RICH. A negro was tending the mill, putting a cane in with one hand, and in the other holding a card, on which was written, " I feeds it." Immediately following was a truck drawn by three horses, elegantly caparisoned, from the establishment of Messrs. Edwards, Fernald & Kershaw, loaded with splendid iron safes, and succeeded by thirty workmen. Next in order was the Union Safe of Messrs. John E. WUder & Co., No. 25 Merchants Row. Their carriage contained four safes, one large and very beautiful, labeUed"the Union safe;" the others of various pat terns, but all of neat style and excellent workmanship. The car was drawn by four horses, and was decorated with evergreen and American flags. A large caravan from the establishment of Messrs. Denio & Roberts, corner of Causeway and Friend Streets, contained three large and very fine safes of exceUent manufacture. There were, also, about fifty men from this establishment, and another car loaded with manufactured iron. From Messrs. Smith & Lovett was a car containing finished edge tools, a forge, vise and anvil, with men at 20 154 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. work in leathern aprons, and producing, in a fine man ner, the " anvU chorus " for the benefit of the numerous spectators. On banners borne in this car were the fol lowing mottoes : — HANDLE YOUR TOOLS WITHOUT MITTENS. DILIGENCE IS THE MOTHER OP GOOD LUCK. The next car was that of Messrs. James J. Wal worth & Co., of Nos. 18 and 22 Devonshire Street, engineers and iron tube manufacturers, drawn by six horses with plumes on their heads. This was fitted up with gas fixtures, pipes, and various other articles of manufacture, elegantly draped, and bore the weU chosen inscription. The banner floating from the top had the words " Light and heat," as indicative of the nature of their busi ness. About one hundred and twenty men appeared in the line with this car. Next, a car fi^om the New England Gas Pipe Com pany, Mr. Josiah B. Richardson, Agent, loaded with chandeliers and elegant gas fixtures, and drawn by two horses. Among the most interesting objects in the pro cession was the carriage which followed the one just described. It was a large car, or canopy, fitted up in a superior style of elegance, and contained the first PROCESSION. 155 grand piano by the late Mr. Jonas Chickering, in the year 1824. On the car were inscribed these hnes: — MUSIC EXALTS EACH JOY, ALLAYS EACH GRIEF, EXPELS DISEASES, SOFTENS EVERY PAm, BIDS EVERY PASSION REVEL OR BE STILL. The Salem Bay State Band accompanied the display of the Chickerings, and in the ranks of the employees was borne a beautiful and richly ornamented sUk ban ner, with orange-colored fringe, bearing the inscription on one side, CHICKERmG & SONS, PIANO-FORTE MAKERS, ESTAB LISHED BY JONAS CHICKERmG m 1803. Then followed two elegant barouches, each drawn by four black horses, for the accommodation of workmen advanced in years, and no longer able to do active duty. In one of these was a person eighty-four years old. On the driver's seat of one of the barouches sat a miniature model of a gentleman of the old school. Then came the second car, covered with a canopy of white and pink, with two new grand pianos, and thus inscribed : — WORK FOR SOME GOOD, BE IT EVER SO SLOWLY; CHERISH SOME FLOWER, BE IT EVER SO LOWLY ; labor! all labor is NOBLE AND HOLY. Then followed, on foot, about two hundred and seventy- 156 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. seven of the employees, and immediately after them another car containing the last grand piano-forte made at the establishment. Prom Messrs. HaUett, Davis & Co. was a car with piUars of gold and blue, splendidly draped, and drawn by six black horses. In the car were two pianos, of strange and amusing contrast in their looks and qual ity, as would be inferred from the foUovdng explana^ tory descriptions : " This piano made one hundred and eighty-seven years before Franklin's birth." " This piano made one hundred and fifty years after Frank lin's birth." Upon the ancient instrument leaned an individual dressed in the style of the time in which it was used. Accompanying this display were one hundred and seventy-five men fi;om the manufactory, and a barouche occupied by the proprietors. Next came a car drawn by four white horses, with crimson plumes, containing a representation from the journeymen hatters. On a banner borne by them was inscribed, ST. CLEMENT, THE FOUNDER OF FELT, with a picture of the patron saint. In a car operations in this department of industry were, actively carried on, and the people were initiated into the mysteries of the art. Attached to the canopy over the car was the motto : — WE ASSIST EACH OTHER m TIME OF NEED. PROCESSION. 157 There was also a car drawn by four horses upon which was inscribed these mottoes : — WE UNITE TO SUSTAIN. THE mTERESTS OF EMPLOYERS AND JOURNEYMEN ARE mSEPARABLE. This was foUowed by seventy-five hatters, carrying a banner with the following: — WE CROWN THE HEADS OF THE SOVEREIGN PEOPLE. A car from Messrs. W. P. Shaw & Co., finely cano pied and trimmed, was drawn by four horses, and contained gas stoves, chandeliers, and much other ele gant work. In the same car was a work-bench, with tools and workmen. A wagon came next, drawn by a single horse, from the gas fitting establishment of Messrs. S. A. Stetson & Co., No. 350 Washington Street. It contained splendid specimens of various kinds of gas pipes, chandeliers, &c. Another carriage from the same establishment contained, a number of men industriously at work at their trade. The Boston Cordwainers' Association appeared next, represented by about one hundred and fifty members, wearing badges of blue, with the banner of their society, and also carrying in their ranks an American ensign. 158 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. The pump and block makers had with them a huge car, covered with blocks, pumps, steering wheels, and various other articles of their manufacture, and on the opposite sides appeared two tackle blocks, one of the olden time contrasted with one of the present day. A delegation of about fifty persons followed on foot, with badges. Messrs. Chase Brothers & Co., No. 383 Washington Street, exhibited a car, drawn by four horses, contain ing some of the most beautiful specimens of their manufacture of iron ware, over the top of which a very large spread eagle was displayed. The elegant iron railing, vases, and fine ornamental statues of vari ous descriptions which grace their store furnished the means of making a very pleasing display on this occa sion. A model of Simpson's patent dry dock. East Boston, was represented on a car, and was accompanied by a large body of shipwrights. With them was a very fine model of a full rigged clipper ship, by Mr. William Sheriffs, which attracted great attention. The shipwrights and caulkers, numbering fifty-five men, with a banner used at the reception of Washing ton in Boston, and in the procession on the occasion of his funeral eulogy. The clothes drying machines of Mr. John H. Evans, of Cambridgeport, and a wagon filled with Messrs. Chaf fee & Co.'s charcoal followed in course. PROCESSION. 159 The next in order was the United Benevolent Jour neymen TaUors' Society, consisting of about three hun dred men, bearing a banner on which was inscribed, FOUNDED m 1806. AND THEY SEWED FIG LEAVES TOGETHER. With an emblem of Love making overtures to Hatred. Upon a large banner was displayed, WE AID EACH OTHER. WE CLOTHE THE NAKED. With a representation of a rustic scene and sheep- shearing. Next came a carriage arranged like a ready-made clothing estabhshment, from Oak Hall, upon a platform of which was arranged chUdren's clothing, in every variety, and the mottoes, DRIVE THY BUSINESS LET NOT THAT DRIVE THEE. LARGE SALES AND SMALL PROFITS. NO GAmS WITHOUT PAINS. A car bearing a fine wooden model of the new public library, supported on Corinthian capitals, made by Messrs. Pracke & Jones, Mr. Charles K. Kirby being the architect. The model was extremely well made, and attracted much notice from the spectators. 160 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. The masons and bricklayers of Boston, numbering about one hundred and twenty, followed next, with a banner -having on one side a painting of the old Franklin house, on MUk Street, and on the reverse a representation of a building in process of erection, with builders' tools, and all the kinds of apparatus generally used. On the same banner were the sub joined inscriptions: — FRANKLm, BORN JANUARY, 1706, DIED APRIL, 1790, AGED 84J YEARS. THE TOWN OF BOSTON, m APRIL, 1691, GRANTED LIBERTY TO JOSIAH FRANKLIN TO ERECT A BUILDmG EIGHT FEET SQUARE, NEAR THE SOUTH MEETING HOUSE. THE OLD FRANKLm HOUSE WAS BURNED DEC. 29TH 1810. On another banner was a representation of the ele gant granite warehouse now occupying the site of the old Franklin house. Then followed two barouches, each drawn by four horses, and occupied by retired master masons ; among whom were Messrs. Robert Marsh, Mordecai L. Wallis, Caleb Metcalf, Thomas Til- den, and Ward Litchfield, with several other very aged members of the craft. The cigar makers had a car, with four white horses, in which the different branches of the manufacture of cigars was carried on by workmen and girls, followed PROCESSION. 161 by seventy workmen on foot. There was on the car a flag, with the inscription, THIS FLAG WAS CARRIED m PROCESSION ON THE OCCASION OF Washington's reception in this city, 1793. It bore the emblem of a hand holding out a quantity of tobacco. On the car were suspended very large tobacco leaves and gigantic cigars. Messrs. James G. Blake & Co., No. 12 CornhUl, made a fine display. They exhibited two cars — one drawn by four horses, loaded with sideboards, tables, and other furniture of an elegant description — whUe the second was an artistically painted canopy of costly crimson hangings, trimmed with gold, forming a boudoir, beneath which, as in a parlor, a group of gentlemen and ladies sat around a table of a beautiful design. Messrs. T. K. Very & Co., the celebrated farriers, had a team with three horses, loaded with goods. Mr. Dennis W. Bailey, of No. 7 Liberty Square, had a wagon exhibiting Warren's improved composition roofing, for which they are agents. Another wagon followed, fiUed with Warren's fire and water proof roof ing material. A wagon from Mr. D. McB. Thaxter's kindling wood establishment succeeded next in order. Messrs. Moody, Webber & Co., of No. 24 Tremont Street, exhibited some splendid specimens of their 21 162 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORUL. papier mache goods, such as grapes, cornices and other ornamental work, in a wagon. Next came the coopers of Boston and vicinity, num bering one hundred and fifty, with a car drawn by four horses, and containing workmen engaged in making a cask, a job which they seemed determined to fully achieve before the procession completed its route. In the ranks of the coopers was carried a banner which was used by them at the festivities attending the declaration of peace, in 1812. It was of sUk, and bore a picture emblematical of the trade. Messrs. Winde & Clinkard of Chelsea came next, displaying a boat, drawn by two horses, and a neat model of a clipper ship, surmounted by an arch, with the motto, WE HONOR THE TRULY GREAT. Mr. H. B. Clinkard's name appeared on a fine cedar boat of six oars, no less than fifty-three feet in length, which was drawn in the procession by two horses. Another car followed, drawn by four white horses. It represented the establishment of Messrs. Henry N. Hooper & Co., Causeway Street. The sides of the car riage were of sheet copper. Upon it was a monster bell, weighing 3,074 pounds. It was cast at that estab hshment. Upon a beautiful sUk banner in the rear of a body of one hundred and fifty workmen of this factory, was a portrait inscribed with the name of PROCESSION. 163 " Paul Revere," and the baimer was decorated with crimson drapery. Some of the members of the firm rode in an elegant barouche. Then came the Chelsea Brass Band, foUowed by a deputation from Mr. WUliam Carleton's factory. No. 12 Beach Street, bearing a sUk banner, with the words, FRANKLm MADE LIGHTNmG FIXTURES; WE MAKE FIXTURES FOR LIGHTmG. The workmen in this section, one hundred and seventy- five in number, carried short ornamental gas pipes in their hands. Then came the brass founders, from the same establishment. From Messrs. Gavett & Co., brass founders and fin ishers, were four hundred employees, with a banner, on which was a portrait of Paul Revere. A carriage followed upon which was a wheel of a ship and other steering apparatus, fi-om the factory of Messrs. G. W. Robinson & Co. FoUowing, was a carriage containing samples from the store of Mr. J. Russell Spalding, Tremont Row. The plumbers of Boston, to the number of one hun dred and four came next, bearing a banner denoting their trade, and upon the reverse, "Franklin Statue Inaugurated Sept. 17, 1856." Next came a wagon from the estabhshment of Mr. B. P. Dudley, plumber. No. 66 Harrison Avenue, con taining specimens of plumbing work, faucets, &c. 164 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. Immediately following was a carriage with four white horses, from the American Steam Guage Com pany, Boston, containing a large and fine specimen of work from the establishment. Then came the silversmiths and jewelers, bearing a banner, with gorgeous trappings of gold and jewelry, of considerable value, designed by Mr. J. M. Ford. In the ranks of the jewelers was a pyramid, covered with black velvet, and ornamented vpith bouquets, on which was a variety of silver wares. A car, however, was the great feature in this part of the procession. This was the boat sleigh body known as the " Northern Light," and was handsomely decorated and drawn by six of Mr. Gipson's best horses, and contained many of the principal masters of the two trades. Rising above all else in this car was a pyramidal tower, ornamented with flowers and covered with sUver ware and jewelry, esthnated to be worth from |25,000 to |30,000, in cluding the magnificent sUver trumpets from Messrs. Harding & Co., which were to be awarded to the suc cessful competitors for the firemen's prizes. Besides these there were massive sUver pitchers, urns, trays, goblets, numerous gold watches, lockets, chains, and a great profusion of rich jewelry, the whole forming a spectacle of dazzling magnificence. On the front end of the car was a solid gold head of FrankUn, and on the other a silver one of " rare old Ben," each in gUded frames. A standard which was borne by the silver- PROCESSION. 165 smiths on the occasion of the last visit of Washington to this city, was prominently displayed. The silver trimmings were of the richest designs and most ex quisite workmanship. A silver banner floated in the air, with the words, FOUNDED OCT. 28, 1789. A superb vase, covered with black velvet, was also ornamented with an arrangement of various articles of silver manufacture, of surpassing richness and beauty, adding much to the show. Then followed a coach, finely decorated, drawn by four horses, and inscribed with the name of Henry N. Gardner, painter. Each horse was ornamented with a small blue sUk flag, and on the coach was borne a white silk banner. A car from the Boston Bacon Works, with hams in barrels, and otherwise prominently displayed about it, was dravra by three horses. Messrs. Dickinson & Murdock, No. 30 Commercial Street, wholesale dealers and manufacturers of wooden ware, had a wagon loaded with their goods. Messrs. E. P. & D. Smith, of No. 69 Union Street, and Wakefield & Howe, of Nos. 29 and 30 North Mar ket Street, also made a fine display of wooden ware, brooms, &c., on their cars. Messrs. Watson & Bisbee, of the corner of Friend and Causeway Streets, had upon their car a fine display 166 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. of cabinet furniture, including some most beautiful specimens of piano legs, and other manufactures. The wood turners appeared well, and had a very pretty design, representing their trade, with the in scription which follows: — INDUSTRY IS THE PILLAR OF OUR PROSPERITY, OF OUR COMFORT, AND THE FOUNDATION OF OUR COUN TRY'S GREATNESS. Next foUowed the cars of the dealers in furnaces^ ranges and stoves. First, was the car of Messrs. ChUson, Gould & Co., No. 101 Blackstone Street, with one of their cone fur naces and fine cast iron railing, dravra by six horses. On the car appeared the following: — THE FIRST AMERICAN STOVE WAS mVENTED BY FRANKLm, m 1742. Second, of Messrs. Pond & Co., Nos. 77 and 79 Black stone Street, drawn by four horses, with stoves and furnaces, and words indicating that Franklin was the inventor of the famous stove that still bears his name. Third, of Mr. WiUiam G. Harris, Nos. 103 and 105 Blackstone Street, who had a fine display of stoves, drawn by four horses. A fish cart, with specimens of the finny tribe, from the estabhshment of Messrs. D. & G. W. Smith, fish mongers, made a novel appearance. PROCESSION. 167 A wagon, covered vsdth an immense umbrella, of variegated colors, sixteen feet in diameter, with para sols attached to its rim, came from the establishment of Mr. Matthew Binney. A carriage drawn by four horses exhibited a fine show of cutlery manufactured by Messrs. Kingman & Hassam, No. 128 Washington Street, with the following inscription. WE REPAIR AND SHARPEN EVERYTHmG EXCEPT THE peoples' CONSCIENCE. Next came a barber's shop, representing the saloon of Mr. T. W. Steamburg, No. 25 Summer Street. Mr. L. Page, of South Boston, exhibited a car cov ered with fire proof roofing. Messrs. John H. Pray & Sons, No. 51 Washington Street, had a car covered with elegant carpets of the best fabric, manufactured on the Bigelow power loom in England, with the motto, ENGLISH mDUSTRY SEEKS THE AID OF AMERICAN mOENUITY. A car from Mr. W. FUner, South Boston, trimmed with flowers, contained workmen making files, with the following motto : — WE MAKE FILES AS WE TRAVEL ON THIS ROUTE, BUT WE can't make A FILE TO FILE FRANKLm'S. NAME OUT. 168 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. A car from Messrs. Marden, Spofford & Co., con tained window shades, and men at work. On the car was a representation of the old Franklin house that formerly stood in Milk Street. A large car from Messrs. H. H. Winship, Henry Cross, Thomas Sprague, John B. Baker & Co., and James Boyd & Sons, contained trunks, harnesses, sad dles, fur robes, and sleigh bells. In the centre was a model of a horse in harness. One of the saddles is said to have been used by Franklin's mother. On the car was the following inscription : — TRY WHAT YOU PLEASE, THERE 's NOTHmG LIKE LEATHER. In the same carriage was a large American ensign. A large car of agricultural implements, from stores of Messrs. Nourse & Co., Nourse, Mason & Co., and Parker, White & Gannett, was drawn by fourteen powerful oxen. On this car a man and woman were at work, operating an old fashioned churn, to the great amuse ment of the spectators. Next came a wagon with one of Mr. John Roessle's mammoth lager beer kettles. Then followed, from Mr. Herman Strater, a vehicle containing pumps, tea kettles, boUers, and other copper articles. A car containing Mr. John Putnam's improved spring beds under a lace canopy, came next. PROCESSION. 169 Undoubtedly, parts of this extensive division have escaped notice in the above description, and some dis plays have not received ample justice, on account of the brief time aUotted to take the necessary notes whUe the procession was in motion. THE THIRD DIVISION. Capt. Charles 0. Rogers, marshal, had the direction of this division, assisted by his aids, Messrs. Ralph W. Newton, H. W. Harrington, N. W. Thompson, and Theo dore H. Dugan. The division included the mechanical professions, artists, manufacturers, associations of busi ness men, and dealers in all kinds of merchandize, and was preceded by the Lowell Cornet Band. The representation by the printers was as effective a feature as any in the procession. The part of the division in which they were to appear was formed in Boylston Street, in front of the new library building. It was composed principally of the Franklin Typographi cal Society, and the Boston Printers' Union. The for mer being much the oldest organization consists of master and journeymen printers, and has for its leading objects the advancement of the general interests of the typographical art and the relief of its invalid members. The latter association, composed of journeymen, was instituted principally for regulating and establishing the prices of different kinds of work, and printers' 22 170 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. wages. Each of the above societies appeared with its own banner. The leading feature of this part of the procession consisted of two cars, each of which was drawn by four horses, containing printing apparatus and material, and workmen appropriately dressed, designed to exhibit by contrast a practical representation of the method of printing in the early days of Franklin, and that of the present day. On the first car was a wooden screw press, such as was in universal use when Franklin was a printer. This press had the appearance of considerable age, and bore upon its screw the date, 1742, and the initials T >« D, rudely stamped. It belongs to the heirs of the late Mr. John Melcher, of Portsmouth, N. H., who died a few years ago at an advanced age, having owned it for a long time, and who often informed his contempo- ries that Franklin printed with it. It is a very singu lar looking affair, and is a rare curiosity as a waymark in the progress of printing machinery. Connected with the press were the usual adjuncts of ink-balls and bank, of the same pattern and style as those in use at the time when the press was in fashion. Beside the press stood an ancient type stand, said to have been, at one time, part of the furniture of the printing office of Mr. James Franklin, and concerning which it is related that the illustrious Franklin had worked at it ; and it surely was, to all appearance, old enough to warrant PROCESSION. 171 belief in such a statement. Upon the stand were arranged cases of types, with composing sticks, galleys, and many of the usual accompaniments of a printing office of the olden time. During the progress of the procession the old press was worked with great success, and accurate reprints, in the old style of typography, of the eightieth number of the Boston Courant, bear ing date February 4, to February 11, 1723, were turned off and distributed from the car to the eager crowd, who manifested a strong desire to procure them. The original paper bearing this number contains the first mention of Franklin as printer and publisher. The venerable looking sheet was copied from the original, in the library of the Massachusetts Historical Society, through the instrumentality of Messrs. William White and Emery N. Moore, enterprising members of the typographical profession. Messrs. Thomas J. LUlie and Charles C. Mead, as general directors, Messrs. Hiram Adams and WiUiam A. Parker as pressmen, and Master Samuel P. Hunt as printer's boy, were actively engaged in this car, representing their craftsmen of old, each of them dressed in the costume usually worn by printers in the year 1723. Mr. Samuel Whidden, a very aged printer, brought up to the trade in Portsmouth, N. H., in the office with the same old press, and now a com- positdr in the office of Mr. Hugh H. Tuttle, in School Street, where he has been about sixteen years, was in another part of the procession. On the sides of the 172 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. car were the following words, arranged conspicuously on tablets in very large letters : — AND GOD SAID, LET THERE BE LIGHT, AND THERE WAS LIGHT. THE OLD FRANKLIN PRINTING OFFICE, QUEEN STREET, REVIVED. On the rear was an inscription stating that the press was formerly the property of Mr. Melcher. The fol lowing lines of advice to those who visit printing offices, written by Franklin and suspended in his office in Philadelphia, occupied a conspicuous place in the car. All ye who come this curious art to see, To handle anything must careful be ; Lest by a slight touch, ere you are aware, You may do mischief which you can't repair. Lo ! this advice we give to every stranger ! Look on and welcome, but to touch there 's danger. The office was decorated with a pine-tree flag, beneath which were the words, taken from a favorite old song, IN GOOD OLD COLONY TEMES, WHEN WE LIVED UNDER THE KING. This novel exhibition attracted much attention, and was frequently and warmly cheered in its course. The Franklin Typographical Society, instituted in 1824, followed next, under the marshalship of Mr. Ed ward L. Pike, with an appropriate banner. Forty-one PROCESSION. 173 members of the society appeared in the ranks, and were distinguished by a badge prepared for the occar sion. Several open barouches, containing aged and infirm printers, and others who had attained particular honor and eminence in their profession, followed the members who walked. Among those who rode were Mr. Richard Boylston, of Amherst, New Hampshire, one of the oldest printers in that state ; Mr. Uriel Crocker, of the firm of Crocker & Brewster, who came to Bos ton as a printer more than forty-five years ago, and who has achieved a most honorable reputation and success in the community ; Mr. Benjamin P. ShiUaber, who has distinguished himself as the printer poet and for his literary productions; Deacon Nathaniel WUlis, the originator of several successful newspapers; Mr. WiUiam Brown, formerly of the Salem Gazette; Mr. WUliam W. Clapp, Senior, the founder of the Saturday Evening Gazette; Mr. George W. Bazin, the veteran printer of the newspaper called the Trumpet; Hon. Nathan Hale, the senior proprietor and editor of the Boston Daily Advertiser; and Hon. John Prentice, of Keene, New Hampshire. Then followed in course another car, a counterpart to the first, exhibiting, as far as practicable, the contrast of a modem printing press and its accompaniments. The modern press was from the office of Messrs. J. C. French & Brother, in CornhiU, and was an exceUent specimen of the famous Hoe cylinder, in capital work- 174 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. ing order, and the delight of all who could appreciate a good printing press. The use of steam not being avail able, the press was operated by means of a hand- crank and wheel. The car upon which the press was borne was handsomely ornamented with an eagle and colors, and displayed the foUowmg original mottoes, by Mr. A. WaUace Thaxter. YOUNG AMERICA. 1856. What chains the lightning, gyves about the steam, Makes a reality Faust's early dream, Stamps thoughts immortal on a living page ? The press, the record of a passing age. THE PRmTmG PRESS OF TO-DAY. 1856. A change has come — the printing press, No more restrained by British bars, Extends its rays the land to bless, Drawing new glories from the stars. The press was managed and worked by the Messrs. French and their assistants, who printed and distributed the foUowing verses from the pen of Mr. ShUlaber, of the Saturday Evening Gazette. A VERY BRIEF AND VERY COMPREHENSIVE LIFE OP BEN : FRANK Lm, PRmTER, DONE mTO QUAmT VERSE, BY ONE OF THE TYPES. SEPTEMBER 17TH 1856. Kind friends, just list to our ditty Of one whom the world loves to talk about, Who was bom in our tri-mountain city, And through its streets used to walk about. PROCESSION. 175 Li Boston he first saw the light, 'Neath the shade of the Old South steeple. And his parents, all say, were quite Eespectable sort of people. Old Mr. Franklin, his dad. Made candles to light all creation; And naturally destined the lad To follow the same avocation — To deal in candles and soaps, Thus light and cleanness dispensing : — Our sight to the wisdom opes Of this way of Franklin's commencing : Those candles prefigured the mind To break through the darkness o'ershading; Those soaps the wisdom refined To cleanse men of errors pervading. He was much as other boys are, And loved to play with the rest of 'em ; Li aU of their sports took a share, And wrestled and ran with the best of 'em. Wo are told that he stole some stone To make a wharf to his wishing. Where Haymarket Square has grown, The better to do his fishing. He drew down his father's ire, On a string, because he made it, Just as he did heaven's fire In after years as he bade it. 176 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. He read in his bed at night, And studied summer and winter, When, seeing his Benny so bright, His father made him a printer. He bound him out to his brother, A churhsh fellow, they say, And one quarrel followed another, Till Benjamin ran away. He went to the Quaker city In a Philadelphia packet. His mind undimmed and witty, And a true heart 'neath his jacket. He printed, and spouted, and throve, And nobody could but like him ; He went overhead in love With a Read that chanced to strike him. Then rascally Governor Keith Sent him on a fool's errand to London; But in spite of the governor's teeth. The boy printer was n't undone. For though in a stranger land. The youngster was n't soared at it, But to printing he turned his hand. And very respectably fared at it. We'll not say he never was "hard" — There was some little flaw in his quality; And he lout his friend Ralph's regard, And his cash, by a lapse of morality. PROCESSION. 177 He returned and soon became great, — Got married — was made legislator — Took very high rank in the state, And none with the people was greater; Set a trap for the fires of heaven, And made the philosophers wonder ; The lightning's power was riven, And cut were the peals of the thunder. Then "Poor Richard's" maxims he made, In language both prudent and funny; And if all his voice had obeyed, They all would have rolled in money. In Congress then he was placed, As England made new demonstrations, And his name was soon after traced To that greatest of declarations. And then when the bond was rent, And the patriots made resistance, He over to France was sent, To ask King Louis' assistance. His name before him had gone, And the king was delighted to meet him; He even stepped fi'om his throne. In his earnestness to greet him. And the queen frowned not in check. When this plain republican Mister Threw his arms about her neck, And very gallantly kissed her ! 23 178 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. Should ever occasion arise That we are in like situation, This act of our brother wise We '11 remember for imitation. When long abroad he had staid, And had ceased our revolution. He returned to the nation he 'd made, And helped frame its constitution; An instrument stUl revered. Though some there be who assail it; Our country has long by it steered, And to our mast-head we naU it. Young married tradesmen to aid. He willed 'em a loan of his dollars, And ordered medals made For all of our medalsome scholars. But the great of the world must die. And Franklin had no immunity; Though he wished to come back by and by, Should fate grant opportunity. And here his wish is aUowed, And here he is with us standing; His fame and position proud, Our homage and love commanding. And now with our bosoms elate With pride we wiU not smother, We join the grateful honors that wait To crown our "wholesome brother." PROCESSION. 179 The world wiU cherish his name, And spread abroad his glory. When yonder brass that tells his fame Shall be but a thing of story. The members of the Boston Printers' Union came next in order, under the marshalship of Mr. John Gor man, the Recording Secretary of the Association, with a beautiful silk banner, painted by Mr. P. Somerby, representing the printing press shedding Ught upon the universe, with the foUowing motto : — THE people's FRIEND, THE TYRANT'S FOE. On the reverse of the same banner was inscribed, — BOSTON PRmTERS' UNION ESTABLISHED DEC. 1848. LABOR CONQUERS EVERYTHING. A delegation of the printers of Cambridge, eighty in number, foUowed next, bearing a banner with the following historical statement for an inscription: — FIRST PRmTmG PRESS ERECTED IN CAMBRIDGE m 1639. The copperplate printers, with a car, and a press for printing from steel and copper plates, from the estabhshment of Mr. Robert Andrews, came next, with an elegant banner. They printed miniature portraits of Franklin, which were distributed gratuitously as 180 FRilNKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. they proceeded. Another car, drawn by four horses, was designated by a banner bearing the words, " Plate Printers of Boston," and was filled with persons at work. The bank note engravers were respectably rep resented in this part of the procession. Immediately following the above was a large car representing the Traveller printing office. It was drawn by four very fine horses. In its front was displayed a national shield, with the words, AMERICAN TRAVELLER, 1825. A handsome sUk banner exhibited upon one side the words, "DaUy Evening Traveller, established 1845," and on the reverse, " American TraveUer, established 1825." On one side of the car was a sign making known that the establishment represented a " Job Printing House." Other inscriptions borne upon the car were expressed as follows : — THE NEWSPAPER MAY IT EVER BE TRUTH'S BANNER WAVED m THE OPEN AIR. JOB PRINTmG, 10,000 IMPRESSIONS AN HOUR. THE PRESS THE MIGHTIEST OF THE MIGHTY MEANS ON WHICH THE ARM OF PROGRESS LEANS. The whole was very elegantly ornamented vrith Ameri can flags and streamers, and with the compositors at work produced a very agreeable and pleasing effect upon those who witnessed the exhibition. PROCESSION. 181 The printers' part of the procession termmated with several carriages, in which were members of the press and publishers. A large and very powerful electrical machine, manu factured at the estabhshment of Mr. E. S. Ritchie, was drawn on a neatly decorated car, and was attended by persons who from time to time put it in operation. A car from Messrs. Palmer & Hall, drawn by four horses, was devoted to practical electricity, and con tained an original glass cylinder, made in England, under the direction of Franklin, for the celebrated Dr. Priestly, being a duplicate of the one which was used by them in many of their electrical experiments. A portion of the glass jars belonging to the battery which accompanied it, is stiU preserved by Joseph M. Wightman, Esq. Since it was owned by Priestly it has been successively in the possession of Mr. King, elec trical instrument maker, Mr. Daniel Davis, Jr., and now of his successors, Messrs. Palmer & Hall, magnetic instrument makers. No. 158 Washington Street, Boston. It is even now the largest cylinder for electrical pur poses in this country. In the same car was a model of the electrical fire alarm striking apparatus, conspicu ously mounted, striking the number of the fire district through which it passed, suitable batteries being placed on the carriage. Several telegraphic instruments were also exhibited, among which was House's printing tele graph, Morse's magnetic telegraph, and Farmer's printr 182 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. ing telegraph. At each corner of the vehicle were erected standards for telegraphic insulators, upon which rows of telegraph wires were extended, for the purpose of conducting the electric current. Mr. William A. Orcutt's lightning rods projected from the top of each pole. Apparatus in working order for electrotyping was also in the car, together with an electrical machine in operation connected with brass handles, and so arranged that crowds received shocks gratuitously, as the car passed along. The motto exhibited was, HE CONTROLLED THE LIGHTNmG; WE IMITATE HIM. Then followed a wagon containing a model of a hghtning conductor patented by Mr. Robert D. Dwyer. Next in course came one of the inost pleasing and interesting features of the whole show, consisting of three large cars, arranged and fitted up by Mr. Joseph L. Ross, school furniture maker, in Ivors Street. The object was to exhibit approved patterns of desks and seats such as are used in the Boston schools. This was most ingeniously and pleasantly accomplished, pro ducing at the same time a most extraordinary effect. The first of these cars, drawn by a noble team of four horses, was intended to represent a primary school, and was occupied by eighteen beautiful little girls, and nine interesting little boys, under the supervision of Miss Emma S. Haley. The chUdren were all very neatly dressed, the girls chiefly in white, and seemed especially PROCESSION. 183 fond of their teacher, who supplied them very bounti- fuUy with cakes and sweetmeats, with which she was, apparently, weU provided. The car was covered with a tasty canopy of American flags, and was draped on its sides with bunting of various colors. The following inscriptions were observable upon the car:^ FREE SCHOOLS THE HOPE OF A FREE PEOPLE. WE POLISH OUR JEWELS. BOSTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The second car, belonging to Mr. Ross, was also drawn by four horses, all black, and driven by Mr. N. A. Nims. It represented a girls' grammar school, in which were seated fourteen young ladies, very neatly attired in white, with blue trimmings, members of the WeUs School, Miss Helen M. Hammond occupying the place of teacher. On every desk was an elegant bouquet of flowers, and the sides of the car were neatly decorated with American flags, shields and streamers, whUe the whole was covered with a canopy of national colors. The mottoes on this car were, OUR SCHOOLS THE PILLARS THAT SUPPORT OUR nation's FREEDOM. KNOWLEDGE, THE TELEGRAPH BETWEEN EARTH AND HEAVEN. EDUCATION, THE KEYSTONE m THE ARCH OF FREEDOM. 184 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. The third car in this series contained a representa tion from the Mayhew and Brimmer Grammar Schools, consisting of fourteen boys of about twelve years of age, under Mr. G. B. Pearson, who acted as their mas ter. The car was drawn by four handsome horses, and decorated in a manner similar to the two that preceded it, and bore the following inscriptions : — mTELLIGENCE, THE LIFE OF LIBERTY. FRANKLIN, THE PRmTER'S BOY, THE COMPANION OF KmGS. A company of young archers, arrayed in uniform and in military style, made an attractive display at this point in the procession. The company was organized on the sixteenth of April, 1856, and was under the command of Capt. John Bird, of South Boston. A fire company of young persons, in charge of Capt. Otis Aaron, followed next, with a uniform of red jackets, black pantaloons, and glazed caps and leggins. Forty-three express wagons, loaded vrith boxes, bales and packages, represented this most useful and enter prising branch of American industry, and made a splen did show. Almost every express company having offices in this city contributed one or more wagons. Among them were noticed the following, viz: those of the companies of Adams, Kinsley, Paulding, Hall & Weeks, Davenport & Mason, Hatch, Savary, Tilden, Cape Cod and Nantucket, Trowbridge, Fisher, Wells, United States PROCESSION. 185 and Canada, Cheney, Jackson, Thompson, Brewer, Han cock, Howe, Baker, Dow, Converse, Hodgman, Carpen ter, Winslow, Beals, Adams, Prince, Dana and Carter. A car from Messrs. Carter, Colcord & Preston, with boxes of drugs, surmounted by a large mortar and festoons of sponges, made a considerable show, and attracted a large share of attention from the novelty of its design. A handsome two horse wagon, with a frame work upon which were tastefully arranged well selected speci mens of boys' clothing, from the establishment of Mr. George W. Carnes, succeeded next. It bore, as a motto, the inscription. Messrs. Blanchard, Brother, & Co. furnished a car heavUy laden with cordage, flour, bread, beef, pork and ship stores generally, and ornamented with bunting, streamers, and national flags neatly arranged. Next appeared, drawn by four black horses, a car well filled with a large assortment of paper in bundles, for printing and other purposes, from the establishment of Messrs. Rice, Kendall & Co., in Water Street. A car then followed from the paper hanging ware house of Messrs. Samuel H. Gregory & Co., Court Street, containing a large framework covered with many very choice patterns of ornamental house paper. Mr. Peter Hunt furnished two carriages elegantly 24 186 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. decorated, and fiUed with young women, and a bounti ful supply of their work in the form of paper boxes. Messrs. Sanderson & Lanergan, of the jEtna Laborar tory, in a car drawn by four horses, exhibited a large assortment of fireworks, with a nuniature representa tion of a volcano, emitting a blaze of fire and dense volumes of perfumed smoke. Two persons dressed as Malays acted as superintendents, and the whole arrangement was very appropriate in its character. From Messrs. E. A. & W. Winchester, of Cambridge, there was a large wagon loaded with soap and imple ments for candle-making, followed by sixty workmen from the manufactory, in white frocks and glazed caps ; after which came the soap box makers, in black panta loons and calico shirts. The FaneuU Hall marketmen, numbering about three hundred, marshalled by Mr. H. Bird, a part wear ing white frocks, and all with badges on their hats, came next, bearing a banner with the motto, and a very excellent representation of the FaneuU Hall Market house. They were accompanied by Dodworth's Band, from New York, who enlivened the procession with most excellent music. Messrs. George W. Chipman & Co., from their estab lishment at the corner of Hanover Street, made a con siderable show with an immense car, drawn by eight PROCESSION. 187 horses, displaying a very large collection of carpets of the most magnificent and costly description. Messrs. WUliam P. Tenny & Co. made a very simi lar display of elegant carpetings taken from their warehouse in Haymarket Square. From the establishment of Messrs. Barnes, Jennings & Co., there was a car loaded with elegant furniture, such as chairs, sofas, tables, book cases, and other articles, constructed of black walnut, rosewood and mahogany. The Union Spring Bed Company made an appro priate display of their manufactures in a car prepared for the purpose. A model of a safety chimney by Mr. WUliam Pearse, was drawn in a car in this part of the procession. There was also in this division a colossal statue of Col. Ethan Allen, modelled in plaster by Mr. B. H. Kinney, of Vermont. Messrs. Hathorne & Co. exhibited in the procession a new and splendid omnibus, richly decorated with cords and tassels, well filled with children, and drawn by six noble black horses. A large kite was carried on the top of this coach. One of the cars buUt for the Metropolitan and one for the Dorchester Avenue Railroad, both filled with children, attracted much attention from the spectators, and terminated the third division of the procession. 188 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORUL. THE FOURTH DIVISION, This portion of the procession was under the direction of Hon. Moses Kimball, marshal, assisted by Dr. Elisha G. Tucker, and Wyzeman Marshal, Esq., as aids. It was composed of about two thousand individuals, of the various bodies which constitute the masonic order, all in rich and appropriate regalia, and each body having its proper banners. Without exception, this was the most ornamental part of the grand procession, and one of its most interesting features. Surely, the order never made a more beautiful and imposing appearance than on this occasion, in honor of one of the most brilliant stars in the galaxy of freemasonry. The division was formed in the Tremont Street MaU, with its right, or marching flank, at the Park Street gate, and was accompanied by the Manchester Cornet Band. The following order was observed in marching. First proceeded, as an escort, the Boston Encamp ment of Knights Templars, numbering about one hun dred knights, who were habited in their rich and splendid regalia of black velvet sashes and aprons with silver mountings, black chapeaus with black flowing plumes, and drawn swords, their black scabbards sus pended at their sides, from waist belts. The officers of this ancient encampment were. Dr. Daniel Harwood, Commander ; Gilbert Nurse, Esq., as Generalissimo ; and Rev. Stephen Lovell, as Captain General. In its ranks PROCESSION. 189 were carried the several banners belonging to the en campment, viz : the banner of the Red Cross, with the legend, MAGNA EST VERITAS, ET PRjEVALEBIT ; the banner of the Knights Templars, with the motto, m HOC SIGNO VINCES; and the banner of the Knights of Malta, inscribed, REX REGUM, DOMINUS DOMINORUM. The masonic escort was foUowed by the Grand En campment of Knights Templars and the appendant orders of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, under Simon W. Robinson, Esq., Grand Master, and the General Grand Encampment of Knights Templars, &c., of the United States, with the foUowing officers, viz: Hon. WUliam B. Hubbard, of Ohio, as General Grand Mas ter; Hon. William T. Gould, of Georgia, as Deputy General Grand Master; James Sorley, Esq., of Texas, as General Grand Generahssimo ; Edward A. Raymond, Esq., of Massachusetts, as General Grand Captain of Guards ; Hon. Robert P. Dunlap, of Maine, as General Grand Prelate ; Ezra S. Barnum, Esq., of New York, as General Senior Grand Warden; Hon. Peter Ripley, of Connecticut, as General Junior Grand Warden ; Willis P. Coleman, Esq., of Louisiana, as General Grand Sword Bearer; A. O'Sulhvan, Esq., of Missouri, as General 190 FRANKLm' STATUE MEMORIAL. Grand Treasurer, and B. B. French, Esq., of the District of Columbia, as General Grand Recorder. Then followed, properly attired in the regaha of the order, with blue sashes, and white aprons trimmed with blue, and with blue masonic badges, the various lodges subordinate to, or recognised by, the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, namely : Baalbec Lodge of East Boston, chartered March 9, A.L. 5753, forty-one members present, Mr. Richard Whitehouse marshal, with a blue banner. On each extremity of the cross-bar of the banner was a hand, one grasping a gavel, and the other holding a trowel; and on one side a view of the ruins of ancient Baalbec, with the inscription, MONUMENTS OF mDUSTRY. Mount Tabor Lodge, of East Boston, sixty-five mem bers present, Mr. Stephen MerriU marshal, with white banner, on which was figured in gold an open Bible bearing the inscription, "Psalm cxxxUi," the symbohc square and compasses, and the date of the charter of the lodge, A.L. 5846. Mount Lebanon Lodge, of Boston, fifty members present, Mr. George T. Stoddard marshal, with a white silk banner, upon which the emblems of the order were painted, and an inscription stating that the lodge was chartered June 8, A.L. 5801. Columbian Lodge, of Boston, chartered June 8, PROCESSION. 191 A.L. 5796, Mr. WiUiam H. Mackintosh marshal, one hundred and ten members present, with a banner one side of which was white and the other blue, bear ing the name of the lodge and the date of its charter. Massachusetts Lodge, of Boston, chartered May 13, A.L. 5770, Mr. WUliam W. Capen marshal, seventy members present, with a banner upon which was the name of the lodge to which it belonged, and GENERAL JOSEPH WARREN, GRAND MASTER. St. John's Lodge, of Boston, forty-five members pres ent, Mr. John Greer, marshal, with a white banner, on which were represented, in gold, the holy bible, square and compasses. This is the oldest lodge in the United States, having been chartered July 30, A.L. 5733. Amicable Lodge, of Cambridge, chartered June 10, A.L. 5805, forty members present, Mr. I. L. Bangs mar shal, with a banner, on which was painted a female figure leaning over a book, which rested upon a broken column, and Time, with his hands parting her hair. Over the painting was the inscription, in Latin, LUX E TENEBRIS, VITA EX SEPULCRO. Bethesda Lodge, of Brighton, chartered March 12, A.L. 5819, thirty-one members present, Mr. George S. Wentworth marshal, with a white sUk banner, bearing the name of the lodge, and the usual masonic symbols. 192 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. Rising Star Lodge, of Stoughton, chartered Decem ber 9, A.L. 5799, thirty-five members present, Mr. C. H. French marshal, with a silk banner, on one side of which was painted the holy bible, square and com passes. Grecian Lodge, of Lawrence, chartered December 14, A.L. 5825, thirty members present, Mr. I. W. Blake marshal, bearing a banner, on which was given the name of the lodge, and when it was chartered. Aurora Lodge, of Fitchburg, chartered June 8, A.L. 5801, twenty members present, Mr. A. J. Spooner mar shal, with a white baimer, on which were displayed the masonic symbols. Merrimac Lodge, of HaverhiU, chartered June 14, A.L. 5802, forty members present, Mr. R. H. Macy mar shal, with the appropriate banner of the lodge. Hiram Lodge, of West Cambridge, established De cember 11, A.L. 5797, thirty-four members present, Mr. E. C. Starkweather marshal. On their banner were the emblems of the order, and underneath the inscrip tion, VIRTUS ET AMICITIA CONSOCIATA. St. John's Lodge, of Newburyport, chartered June 17, A.L. 5766, fifty members present, Mr. B. R. Knapp mar shal. The banner of the lodge was carried in the ranks. Meridian Lodge, of Natick, chartered December 11, PROCESSION. 193 A.L. 5797, bearing a sky blue banner, on which were the square and compasses. Twelve members present, under the marshalship of Mr. A. W. Burke. Essex Lodge, of Salem, chartered June 2, A.L. 5791, with a deep blue banner, on which were the figure of an eagle and the insignia of the order. Ninety members present, Mr. George H. Pierson acting as marshal. King Solomon's Lodge, Charlestown, chartered Sep tember 5, A.L. 5783, with a sky blue banner, on which were the name of the lodge and the usual masonic emblems. Sixty members present, Mr. T. M. Crocker marshal. Mount Hermon Lodge, of Medford, chartered Sep tember 13, A.L. 5855, twenty members present, with the banner of the lodge. St. Andrew's Lodge, of Boston, chartered November 30, A.L. 5756, by the Grand Lodge of Scotland, being one of the most ancient and wealthy lodges in the United States, was represented by a few of its mem bers, Mr. James Perkins marshal, although the lodge did not make a formal appearance, almost all of its members being in the encampments. Next in order proceeded, in the following manner, the Royal Arch Chapters, which were subordinate to, or recognized by the Grand Chapter of Massachusetts. St. Andrew's Royal Arch Chapter, of Boston, num bering about fifty-two, and St. Paul's Royal Arch Chap ter, also of Boston, with a numerous delegation. 25 194 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. The General Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of the United States, represented by PhUip C. Tucker, Esq., of Vermont, Deputy Grand High Priest, James R. Hartsock, Esq., General Grand Captain of the Host, John Christie and David Balch, Esqs., of New Hamp shire, and others. These were followed by persons representing coun- cUs, consistories, and the higher orders of masonry. There were several barouches in the procession, con taining aged and infirm brethren and distinguished strangers ; among whom were Capt. John Percival, of the United States Navy; Joseph Eveleth, Esq., ex- Sheriff; Amos Adams, Esq., of Louisiana ; Hon. Charles Scott, Chancellor of the State of Mississippi ; Rev. Paul Dean; Rev. E. T. Taylor; Dr. Richard S. Spofibrd, of Newburyport ; Edward A. Raymond, Esq., of Bos ton ; the venerable Elias HaskeU, Esq., now nearly ninety years of age, and Mr. John Baker, of Hing- ham. The Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, in new and splendid regalia, under the direction of W. D. Coolidge, Esq., Grand Marshal, was organized as follows : Wins low Lewis, M. D., Grand Master; Charles W. Moore, as Deputy Grand Master ; John T. Heard, Esq., Senior Grand Warden ; Charles R. Train, Esq., Junior Grand Warden ; Peter Wainwright, Esq., as Grand Treasurer ; John H. Sheppard, Esq., Corresponding Grand Secretary ; Royal Turner, Esq., as Grand Chaplain ; Bradford L. PROCESSION. 195 Wales, M.D., as Senior Grand Deacon; Henry G. Clark, M.D., as Junior Grand Deacon; Eben P. Gay, Esq., as Grand Tyler. The De Molay Encampment of Knights Templars, Dr. Clement A. Walker, Commander; William Park- man, Esq., Generalissimo; and Dr. Charles A. Davis, Captain General ; performed the duty of body guard to the grand lodge in a most acceptable manner. The members of this encampment were in their fuU uniform, which, in point of richness, appropriateness and ele gance was unsurpassed by that of any other body of men in the procession. Each member of the encamp ment wore on this occasion, a black dress coat, black pantaloons and white waistcoat. The regalia consisted of a black silk velvet sash richly trimmed with gold lace, supporting an elegant Templar's sword, with a splendid gUded scabbard; a triangular apron of the same material, bordered with gold, containing in its centre a golden triangle, in which was a bright red patriarchal cross, one of' the characteristic symbols of the ancient and chivalric order they represented. A black chapeau, ornamented with a black satin rosette and cluster of brilliants, and very showy white ostrich plumes extending entirely over its turned-up rims, com pleted the magnificent uniform. Each member, like wise, wore a satin badge upon the left lappel of his coat, containing .Templars emblems, and the name of the encampment. The appearance of this body of men 196 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. was unquestionably the most superb and imposing of any in the procession ; and their elegant and soldierly appearance and noble bearing drew upon them, as they marched through the dense crowds of spectators, the eyes of all. At the head of this encampment were carried its banners. One, of beautiful appearance, being made of white silk, mounted with broad gold fringe, and ornamented with cords and tassels of the same material, containing a choice painting of knights in full charge upon Jerusalem, led on by their Grand Com mander, Jacques De Molay, was recognized as that of the Knights Templars by the motto, m HOC SIGNO vmcES, and by the double or patriarchal cross which sur mounted its staff Another banner simUarly mounted with fringe, cords and tassels of gold, was divided quar terly by a cross, each of the four compartments con taining weU known emblems of the order of the Red Cross. In the left hand superior quarter of this stand ard, on a red ground, were depicted a crown, sceptre and lion, representing symbolically the tribe of Judah ; upon the right superior quarter was pictured a knight of this order standing in a war chariot drawn by two fiery chargers, emblematical of the chariot and horses dedicated by Cyrus, King of Persia, to the sun ; directly below, in the inferior right hand quarter, on a hght blue ground, was a crescent surrounded by stars, PROCESSION. 197 the sun, and a spear and hand, emblematic of power descending to man, formerly the national banner of the Persians; and in the inferior left hand quarter, on a green ground, was the figure of a wolf, emblematical of the tribe of Benjamin; and on the bars of the cross was the inscription, MAGNA EST VERITAS, ET PRiEVALEBIT. Upon the top of the staflf was a gilded crescent. Both of the banners were a gift to the encampment by Ham ilton WUlis, Esq., at the time of its organization, in 1847, and were the design of Charles W. Moore, Esq., the learned and highly accomplished mason. About seventy, or more, of the members were in the proces sion, others being more actively engaged in places of special importance. As the Grand Lodge and its body guard passed the Pubhc Garden, on the route, a salute of on6 hundred guns was fired in honor of the day by the Light Artillery Company, commanded by Captain Moses G. Cobb; and although the number of field-pieces used amounted only to six, yet, such was the rapidity with which they were managed, that the grand salute seemed an incessant sound of discharges of heavy can non, and occupied only a very few minutes of time in accomplishment. 198 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. THE PIFTH DIVISION. This portion of the procession was under the direction of Major Lewis W. Tappan, marshal, with Messrs. Samuel H. Gookin and Peter Butler, Jr., as aids, and was accom panied by the Worcester Cornet Band. It was com posed of various associations ; of the lineal descendants and collateral relations of Josiah Franklin, of the Frank lin medal scholars, of the pupils and graduates of the public schools who have received prizes, of the associar tions and societies in general which bear the name of Franklin, and of those who had contributed means for procuring the statue. The order was substantially as follows. First came a considerable number of the members of the Bunker Hill Monument Association, of which Hon. G. Washington Warren, of Charlestown, was the President. Then followed the Boston Board of Trade, number ing more than one hundred and fifty members in the ranks. At their head was carried an elegant silk ban ner, upon which was inscribed the name of the associa tion. The appearance of this interesting class of citizens was in the highest degree respectable, and excited much attention among the resident spectators, who identified a large portion of them as the most thriving of the merchants and traders of Boston. It was the first public appearance of the Board, and procession. 199 reflected much credit upon the officers of the associa tion, for the admirable manner in which this portion of the procession was conducted. Members of the Massachusetts Society for the Pro motion of Agriculture, and those of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society appeared next. These were succeeded by the numerous array of Franklin Medal Scholars, each one of whom exhibited his sUver medal suspended about his neck by a blue ribbon. The number of individuals who appeared in this part of the division has been estimated as high as one thousand. The number, perhaps, would be within the true hmit if apphed to those who wore the medal in the various parts of the procession. The delegation was as imposing for its respectable appearance as for its numbers. Many of the older recipients of the Franklin medals rode in open barouches ; among these were, in one carriage, Isaac Harris, Robert Lash, Isaac Parker, John Lewis and Richard B. Callender, Esquires, five veteran scholars, who were among those who re ceived the medal when it was adjudged for the first time, and who very properly led off the remaining medal scholars in the procession. After these, those who had acquired medals were subdivided, according to the time in which the medals were received, into classes embracing successive periods of ten years each. An elegant blue banner was carried by one of their number. 200 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. One of the barouches of medal scholars was occu pied by eight brothers, sons of the late Mr. John Hall. All of these had received Franklin medals at the May hew School, between the years 1821 and 1840, and four of them had each received another from the Latin or English High School. These gentlemen, weU known for their enterprise, and for keeping the promise of their youth, are Messrs. John K., Edwin H., Gustavus v., Alfred B., Henry H., Jeremiah P., Franklin A., and Osborn B. Hall. It was one of the pleasing incidents of the day that these eight gentlemen, residents of Boston, Maiden, Somerville, West Roxbury and New York, should be able to be present on the occasion. As the barouche in which they rode came into State Street, from Merchants Row, they aU arose and re mained uncovered whUe passing the window at which their venerable and worthy mother sat; a mark of respect alike honorable to the sons and well deserved by the mother. Next in order there came a few of the young gen tlemen who had received, at the Latin or English High Schools, the prizes awarded them through the liberality of the late lamented Hon. Abbott Lawrence. These were distinguished by blue badges. Immediately succeeding these came the Franklin Lodge of Odd Fellows, No. 23, instituted in 1843. At their head was carried a beautiful banner, on one side of which was a portrait of Franklin, surrounded by PROCESSION. 201 different insignia of the Order. On the other side, at the top, was the inscription, m GOD WE TRUST, and beneath it an eagle holding in its beak a wreath, inscribed, FRIENDSHIP, LOVE AND TRUTH. Just below this was an open Bible, and at the bottom the inscription, ODD FELLOWS ONLY WHEN WE SPEAK AND ACT LIKE HONEST MEN. The Franklin Literary Association, composed of promising young men, the Franklin Library Associa tion, and other societies bearing the name of Franklin foUowed next. Many societies and associations belonging to the neighboring cities and towns made a very respectable appearance in this division, and generally were distin guished by badges, and by the standards carried in their ranks. A large number of persons who had contributed towards defraying the expenses of procuring the statue marched next, closing the division, which, although it made no very conspicuous show of ornament, never theless was numerous, and contained a very large rep resentation of the solid men of Boston. 202 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORUL. THE SIXTH DIVISION. This portion of the procession comprised the various historical, scientific, literary and musical societies and associations, and was under the direction of Edmund F. Cutter, Esq., marshal, assisted by his aids, Messrs. Seth E. Brown and Charles H. Allen. The several societies assembled at their usual places of meeting, and were formed into line in the mall leading from West to Joy Street, and extending down some distance in the Bea con Street mall. Each association had its proper badge, and most of them were under the guidance of their ovTU marshals. The Nashua Cornet Band preceded the division, which advanced in the following order. The Massachusetts Historical Society, the Boston Society of Natural History, the Massachusetts Medical Society, the New England Historic-Genealogical Society, and the Boston Mechanics Institute, appeared with small delegations, on account of their members taking part in other places in the procession. About two hundred and fifty undergraduates of Harvard CoUege followed these with their usual ban ner, inscribed with the single word, " Harvard." It had been newly decorated for the occasion, and was borne by three seniors, wearing Oxford caps. The students were uniformly dressed in black suits, and dis tinguished themselves, as they are wont to do on such occasions, by their enthusiastic and well-timed cheers PROCESSION. 203 for their friends and the ladies, and for the principal objects of historical and traditional interest along the route, and were rewarded in return by the cheering smUes and waving handkerchiefs of the ladies who filled the balconies and windows. The following young gentlemen served as marshals : James J. Storrow, Robert M. Morse, and Arthur J. C. Sowdon, Seniors; Hollis Hunnewell, Nicholas L. Anderson and Josiah Bradlee, Juniors ; Heyward Cutting, George Lawrence and David H. Hayden, Sophomores; and Caspar Crowninshield, P. W. Hunnewell and Henry C. Eustis, Freshmen. Next came a large number of the members of the Mercantile Library Association, amounting to about three hundred persons, preceded by the Milford Brass Band, with an elegant banner, decorated with flowers, bearing the name of their association and the date of its institution, 1820. Then followed the Mechanic Apprentices Library Association, numbering about one hundred persons, with a very ornamental banner; on which, upon a brown background, was a painting of an arm wielding a large hammer, with the inscription, KNOWLEDGE AND THE MECHANIC ARTS. The banner likewise bore the name of the association, and the date of its formation, February 22, 1820. There were also upon it representations of articles of mechanical skill and also of books. 204 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. Many other associations of a commemorative char acter joined this part of the procession, distinguishing it by the number and variety of the badges which were worn by the individuals who composed it. The Boston Young Men's Christian Association, with about one hundred members, brought up the rear. There was borne in its ranks a beautiful banner, on which was delineated a Bible, and the rising sun shed ding upon it rays of purple light. THE SEVENTH DIVISION. The charitable and benevolent associations, arranged in the order of the dates of their organization, com posed the seventh division of the procession, which was under the immediate direction of Joseph West, Esq., as marshal, and his aids, Messrs. J. Edward Dodd and C. Allen Richards. This part of the line was attended by the Lawrence Brass Band. The Scots Charitable Society, Dr. WUliam E. Coale president, and Mr. John Wilson, Jr. secretary, about one hundred strong, were escorted by the Caledonia Club, and were under the marshalship of Mr. WUliam J. McPherson. The club appeared in full Highland costume, with the music of bagpipes and with appro priate badges and a beautiful silk banner, and was headed by its chief, Mr. J. W. McDonald. Upon the banner which was displayed by the club were painted PROCESSION. 205 representations of WiUiam Wallace and Robert Burns. The Scots Society was founded in 1657, and is the oldest charitable association in New England, and, per haps, in the United States. Next came the Germania Gymnastic Society, mar shalled by Mr. John Fisher, about fifty of its members being present, dressed in light colored linen clothes. In their ranks was carried a neat sUk banner, with the following motto, expressed in the German language : — CLEAR THE ROAD. The Kossuth Lodge, a charitable association, num bering about twenty-five members, was under the direc tion of its marshal, Mr. Jacob Ketfifer. The German Society of the Sons of Liberty, num bering nearly ninety, were attended by the Germania Serenade Band. The United Shamrock Society, with about one hun dred and fifty in its ranks, and accompanied by the Fox- boro' Band, appeared handsomely, bearing two American ensigns, and their banner, upon which was depicted a representation of the Irish harp. Mr. J. T. Powers acted as marshal to the society. The Worcester County Mechanic Association, with about sixty members, marched in this division. Besides the associations enumerated above there were representations from most of the following bodies, nearlv all of which had badges and decorations. 206 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. The Middlesex Mechanic Association; the Salem Charitable Mechanic Association ; the Massachusetts Charitable Society ; the Charitable Association of the Boston Fire Department ; the Merchant TaUors' Asso ciation ; the Massachusetts Chari'ible Fire Society; the Charitable Orthopedic Association ; the Association of Shipwrights and Caulkers of Boston and Charles town ; the Massachusetts Congregational Charitable Society; the Howard Benevolent Society; the Massar chusetts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary ; the SUver Workers' Benefit Association; the British Charitable Society ; the German Immigrant Aid Society ; the Per kins Institution for the Blind ; the Young Men's Benev olent Society ; the Hebrew Mutual Relief Society ; and various other benevolent and charitable societies and associations. THE EIGHTH DIVISION. This division was preceded by the Lowell Brass Band, and was under the charge of Nathaniel Winsor, Jr., Esq., as marshal, assisted by Messrs. James Dennie, Jr., and G. G. Kidder, as his aids. Many of the following named societies and associations were represented by small delegations in this division, namely : — The Massachusetts . Humane Society ; the Boston Marine Society ; the Salem East India Marine Society ; the Cape Cod Association ; the Boston Port Society ; the Sailors' Snug Harbor ; the Seamen's Friend Society ; PROCESSION. 207 and several other societies for the improvement and relief of Seamen in Boston and vicinity; the Shaw Institute for Mariners' ChUdren ; the Commissioners of the Boston Pilots; the Boston PUots; the Boat Clubs of Boston and vicinity, in the uniform of their respective clubs, with their boats on platforms, drawn by horses; the captains and other officers of vessels in port; seamen in port, with flags and ship on plat form, drawn by horses. These were followed by an extensive cavalcade of the citizens of Boston and of the neighboring towns. A considerable body of mounted truckmen, attired in white frocks, added to this part of the array. This division, which completed the moving proces sion, terminated with a body of mounted police. THE NINTH DIVISION. This consisted of the chUdren, of both sexes, of the public schools of Boston, and was under the special direction of John L. Emmons, Esq., as marshal, with the assistance of his aids. Dr. Henry I. Bowditch and Mr. George Dickinson. Owing to the very great length of the procession, and the extent of the route, this division did not join in the line, but was stationed in a conspicu ous part of the route, where the spectacle could be conveniently witnessed, and where the children could be seen by those who took part in the pageant. At 208 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. an early hour in the morning, the chUdren assembled at their respective school houses, and proceeded, under the guidance of their teachers, to Beacon Street, where they were stationed upon the sides of the street. The girls belonging to the grammar schools, and the chil dren of the primary schools, were placed in rows upon the sidewalk next to the mall, and the boys of the grammar schools were ranged upon the opposite side walk. The girls were chiefly attired in white, with blue ribbons and badges, and a large portion of them wore wreaths of flowers and bouquets. The boys were also neatly clad for the occasion. Most of the schools had their banners, designating the names of the schools, and some bore mottoes, and others fanciful pictures. Among the banners was one upon which was the rep resentation of young persons, bearing wreaths of flowers, and the inscription, WE BRmO FLOWERS. One banner displayed a picture of Isaac and Jacob, worked in worsted ; one a portrait of Washington ; and another a dove bearing an olive branch, and underneath, PEACE BE with YOU. Another banner had a wreath of lilies, with the appro priate scripture quotation as an inscription, CONSIDER THE LILIES. PROCESSION. 209 One of the school delegations bore a standard, with the inscription, "the SCEPTRE FROM TYRANTS." Another banner was ornamented with a cross executed in worsted work. The chUdren made a very pleasing show, and attracted the attention of all persons. They also shared in the enthusiasm of the day to a large extent, if the loud cheers which proceeded from the boys, and the waving of scarfs and handkerchiefs, could form any criterion to judge by. After the procession -had passed, the chUdren were formed into hne, and, under the guidance of their teachers, proceeded to the Public Garden, where they spent the remainder of the day in the enjoyment of various innocent sports and amusements. A band of music was in attendance throughout the day, and re freshments were bountifully provided for the scholars, and were distributed under the direction of Rev. Mr. Barnard and several benevolent ladies. The garden being open to the public, a large number of people mingled with the chUdren, participating in their enjoy ment, and listening to the music of the band. At about ten minutes past one o'clock the vanguard reached the enclosure in front of the City Hall, the place assigned for the Uterary services, and for the ceremonies of inauguration. This square, with the, exception of the court, or public area in the centre of 27 210 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. which the statue had been erected a few days previous, and where it was concealed €rom public view until the proper time should arrive for its exposure, was covered with temporary platforms and stages, erected under the direction of the Committee of Arrangements, suffi ciently commodious to accommodate very nearly five thousand persons as an audience. The seats upon the platforms were soon fiUed with the persons for whom they were reserved ; and, upon a stage erected a short distance west of the statue, were coUected those who were to take the most prominent part in the services of the day. Directly behind these last were seated the members of the city council, the statue committee, the governor of the commonwealth with his suite, and the many dignitaries who had been invited to be present on the interesting occasion. Tier above tier behind these were gathered together the delegates of the sev eral bodies represented in the procession. On the ojDposite platform, covering the eastern portion of the square, was arranged a choir of two hundred girls belonging to the public schools, neatly attired in white and blue, and decorated with wreaths and bouquets of beautiful flowers. The remaining part of the plat form was occupied by other school chUdren, the girls similarly dressed and adorned, and the boys wearing medals and badges. The seats on the platform con tiguous to the city hall were occupied entirely by ladies. PROCESSION. 211 After the entrance of the Grand Lodge, who received seats on the front of the eastern platform, and the body guard, who formed in a circle around the statue, the delegations were admitted in crowds within the area between the platforms. Every portion of ground and house-top, and all the neighboring windows and bal conies, were filled with witnesses of the rare event. The arrangement vrithin the enclosure of those who were to witness or partake in the inaugural services, presented to the eye one of the most beautiful scenes ever witnessed in the city of Boston. The superintendence of the enclosure was entrusted to J. Thomas Stevenson, Esq., marshal, who was assisted in the performance of this duty by Messrs. Robert C. Winthrop, Jr., Theodore Lyman, Francis W. Palfrey, P. P. EUis, George S. J. Oliver, E. Jones Andrews, Albert Cushman, John Quincy Adams, Arthur Dexter, P. 0. Dabney, C. Hook Appleton, P. I. Merritt. INAUGURAL SERVICES. INAUGURAL SERVICES. Shortly after two o'clock in the afternoon of the ever memorable seventeenth of September, a large con course of witnesses having assembled within the en closure, the services of the inauguration of the statue of Franklin commenced. After a voluntary, performed in a very acceptable manner by GUmore's Band, from the city of Salem, the foUowing chorus was sung by the choir of school chU dren, under the direction of Mr. Charles Butler, one of the music teachers connected with the public schools : We come ! we come ! our music bringing, — Our hearts are with our voices singing : Kejoice ! rejoice ! our spirits say, And hail with us this happy day. The devotional service was then conducted by the Reverend George W. Blagden, D.D., pastor of the Old South Church, and lineal successor to the reverend gentleman who performed the rite of baptism for Franklin on the day of his birth. The prayer was substantiaUy in the following words : — 216 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORUL. PRAYER. 0 Thou, who hearest prayer : unto thee shaU all flesh come. Unto thee would we come ; believing that thou art, and that thou art the rewarder of them who diligently seek thee. May we seek thee, and find thee, because we shall seek thee with all the heart; not mocking thee with solemn sounds on a thoughtless tongue; — not drawing nigh to thee with the mouth, and honoring thee vdth the lip, while our hearts are far from thee; — but worshipping thee, who art a spirit, in spirit and in truth. We worship thee as the God of our fathers, and our own God. Above all we worship thee, as the God who hast revealed thyself as the God and Father of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ; and as in Him, reconcihng the world unto thyself, not imputing their trespasses unto men. We adore and bless thee for the influ ence this revelation of thy love and mercy, in the Gospel of our Lord and Savior, has had in enlightening, elevating and strengthening the human mind, and in renewing the hearts of all who repent and believe. We bless thee, especiaUy, on this occasion, for the influence it has thus exerted on the founders and inhabitants of this, the favored city of our habitation ; for the enlightening and elevating impulses it im parted to him, whose patriotism, and science, and useful- PRAYER. 217 ness, and fame, we to-day have assembled to commemo rate ; and for the blessings, religious and intellectual, public and private, which through the Gospel have descended and continued in this city, the anniversary of the settlement of which occurs to-day. We bless thee, 0 God, through Christ, for all the mercies of thy providence and grace. May they be perpetual As to our fathers, so wilt thou graciously be to us. Bless thy servant who shaU speak to us of our eminent feUow citizen; himself a descendant of a pious and an honored ancestry. Bless the government of our city ; its present chief magistrate and officers ; and those of our state. Bless the country of which we are so happy as to be the citizens. Continue the union of these states — recommended and cherished by him whose memory we celebrate. May the spirit of the religion of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ pervade all our institutions. May the revelation of his holy wUl, in the Gospel, be the rule of life to our people, in its application to our political, social, and domestic life. May we never fall below it; may we never add to it, by being wise above what is written, or righteous overmuch. Bless all who profess and call themselves Christians, in whatever forms they worship, and by whatever names they may be caUed. In vari eties of forms, but with the same spirit, and with one mind, may they strive together for the faith of the Gospel. 218 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. Our Father which art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daUy bread ; and forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil ; for thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen. Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, LL.D., then rose, — wear ing a Franklin medal, the meed of youthful success at the Public Latin School, and among other badges that of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, of which he is an honorary member, — and, having been duly announced to the assembly, proceeded, in behalf of the Franklin Statue Committee, and at their invitation and request, to deliver the following inau gural oration, concluding with a presentation of the statue to the general committee, to be disposed of by their chairman agreeably to their direction. INAUGURAL ORATION. We are assembled, Mr. Mayor and FeUow Citizens, to do honor to the memory of one, of whom it is little to say, that from the moment at which Boston first found a local habitation and a name on this hemi sphere — just two hundred and twenty-six years ago to-day — down even to the present hour of her mature development and her meridian glory, she has given birth to no man of equal abUity, of equal celebrity, or of equal claim upon the grateful remembrance and com memoration of his feUow-countryxnen and of mankind. We come, on this birth-day of our ancient me- tropohs, to decorate her municipal grounds with the image of that one of her native sons, whose name has shed the greatest lustre upon her history ; pro posing it as the appropriate frontispiece and figure head, if I may so speak, of her Executive and Legis lative HaUs forever. We come, at this high noon of a new and noble exhibition of the products of New England industry and invention, to inaugurate a work of Art, in which 220 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORUL. the latest and best efforts of American genius and American skUl — for it is aU American — are fitly and most felicitously embodied in the form and lineaments of the greatest American Mechanic and PhUosopher. We come, on this anniversary of the very day on which the Constitution of the United States was adopted and signed, to commemorate a Statesman and Patriot, who was second to no one of his time in the services which he rendered to the cause of American Liberty and Independence, and whose privi lege it was, at the advanced age of eighty years, to give his official sanction and signature to the hal lowed instrument, by which alone that Liberty and Independence could have been organized, administered and perpetuated. I hail the presence of this vast concourse of the people, — assembled in aU the multipUed capacities and relations known to our pohtical or our social state, mechanic, mercantUe and agricultural, literary, scientific and professional, moral, charitable and reh- gious, civU, mUitary and masonic; not forgetting that "legion of honor," which has decorated itself once more, for this occasion, with the medals which his considerate bounty provided for the scholastic triumphs of their boyhood, and which are justly prized by every one that wins and wears them beyond all the insignia which kings or emperors could bestow, — I haU the presence of this countless multitude both of citizens mAUGURAL ORATION. 221 and of strangers, from which nothing is wanting of dignity or distinction, of brUliancy or of grace, which oflfice, honor, age, youth, beauty could impart, — as the welcome and most impressive evidence, that the day and the occasion are adequately appreciated by aU who are privUeged to witness them. " Thus strives a grateful country to display The mighty debt which nothing can repay!" Our city and its environs have not, indeed, been left untU now, feUow citizens, wholly destitute of the decorations of sculpture. Washington, — first always to be commemorated by every American commu nity, — has long stood majestically within the inner shrine of our state capitol, chiseled, as you know, by the celebrated Chantrey, from that pure white marble which is the fittest emblem of the spotless integrity and preeminent patriotism of a character, to which the history of mere humanity has hitherto furnished no paraUeL Bowditch, our American La Place, has been seen for many years, beneath the shades of Mount Auburn, por trayed with that air of profound thought and pene trating observation, which seems almost to give back to the effigy of bronze the power of piercing the skies and measuring the mechanism of the heavens, which only death could take away from the ever-honored original. 222 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORUL. Near him, in the beautiful chapel of the same charming cemetery, will soon be fitly gathered repre sentative men of the four great periods of Massachu setts history : — John WmiHROP, for whom others may find the appropriate epithet and rightful designation, vrith the first charter of Massachusetts in his hand; — James Otis, that " flame of fire " against writs of assist ance and all the other earliest manifestations of British aggression ; — John Adams, ready to " sink or swim " in the cause of "Independence now and independence forever"; — and Joseph Story, interpreting and admin istering, with mingled energy and sweetness, the con stitutional and judicial system of our mature existence. Glorious quaternion, Ulustrating and personifying a more glorious career ! God grant that there may never be wanting a worthy successor to this brilliant series, and that the line of the great and good may be as unbroken in the future, as it has been in the past history of our beloved Commonwealth ! Prime avulso non deficit alter Aureus. Within the last year, also, the generosity and the genius of our city and country have been nobly com bined, in adorning our spacious and admirable Music HaU with a grand embodiment of that exquisite com poser, who would almost seem to have been rendered deaf to the noises of earth, that he might catch the mAUGURAL ORATION. 223 very music of the spheres, and transfer it to the score of his magnificent symphonies. Nor do we forget, on this occasion, that the familiar and cherished presence of the greatest of the adopted sons of Massachusetts is soon to greet us again on the Exchange, gladdening the sight of aU who congregate there with the incomparable front of Daniel Webster. At the touch of native art, too, the youthful form of the martyred Warren is even now breaking forth from the votive block, to remind us afresh " how good and glorious it is to die for one's country." But for BENJAMm Franklin, the greatest of our na tive-born sons, and peculiarly the man of the people, has been reserved the eminently appropriate distinction of forming the subject of the first bronze, open-air statue, erected within the limits of the old peninsula of his birth, to ornament one of its most central thoroughfares, and to receive, and I had almost said to reciprocate, the daily salutations of all who pass through them. Nor can any one fail to recognize, I think, a peculiar fitness in the place which has been selected for this statue. Go back with me, fellow citizens, for a moment, to a period just one hundred and forty-two years ago, and let us picture to ourselves the very spot on which we are assembled, as it was in that olden time. Boston 224 FRANEXm STATUE MEMORUL. was then a little town, of hardly more than ten or twelve thousand inhabitants. Her three hUls, now scarcely distinguishable, were then her most conspicu ous and characteristic feature, and I need hardly say that almost aU the material objects which met the view of a Bostonian in this vicinity, at that day, must have been widely different from those which we are now privileged to look upon. No stately structures for city councils or for courts of justice were then standing upon this site. There was no Horticultural Hall in front, delighting the eye and making the mouth water with the exquisite flowers and luscious fruits of neigh boring gardens and green-houses. There were no shops and stores, filled with the countless fabrics of foreign and domestic labor, facing and fianking it on every side. Yet all was not different. The fathers and founders of Boston and of Massachusetts, — more than one, certainly, of the earliest ministers and ear- Uest magistrates of the grand old Puritan colony, — were slumbering then as they are slumbering now, in their unadorned and humble graves at our side, in what was then little more than a village church-yard, — "Bach in his narrow ceU forever laid;'' — and yonder House of God, of about half its present proportions, was already casting its consecrated shadows over the mouldering turf which covered' them. At the lower end of the sacred edifice, for the enlarge- mAUGURAL ORATION. 225 ment of which it was finally removed about the year 1748, there might have been seen a plain wooden building, of a story and a half in height, in which Ezekiel Cheever, of immortal memory, — " the ancient and honorable Master of the Free School in Boston," — had exercised his magisterial functions for more than five-and-thirty years. He, too, at the date of which 1 am speaking, was freshly resting from his labors, having died, at the age of ninety-four, about six years pre viously, and having fully justified the quaint remark of Cotton Mather, that he " left off teaching only when mortality took him off" But the homely old school- house was stUl here, under the charge of one Mr. Nathaniel Williams, and among the younger boys who were daily seen bounding forth from its irksome con finement at the allotted hour, to play on the very green on which we are now gathered, was one, who probably as little dreamed that he should ever be the subject of a commemoration or a statue, as the hum blest of those five-and-twenty thousand children who are now receiving their education at the jDublic expense within our city limits, and some of whom are at this moment so charmingly grouped around us ! Descended from a sturdy stock, which an original tithe-book, — recently discovered and sent over to his friend Mr. Everett, by one who finds so much delight himself, and furnishes so much delight to all the world, in dealing with the heroes and demigods of humanity 29 226 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. (Thomas Carlyle) — descended from a sturdy stock of blacksmiths, which this curious and precious relic enar bles us to trace distinctly back to their anvils and their forge-hammers, and to catch a glimpse of " their black knuckles and their hobnailed shoes," more than two centuries ago, at the little village of Ecton, in North amptonshire, old England, — born, himself, near the corner of our own Milk Street, only eight years before the scene I have just described, and baptized, with most significant punctuality, on the same day, in the Old South Meetinghouse, — he was now, indeed, a bright, precocious youth, who could never remember a time when he could not read, and his pious father and mother were already cherishing a purpose " to devote him to the service of the church, as the tythe of their sons." So he had been sent to the pubhc grammar school, (for Boston afforded but one, I believe, at that precise moment,) to get his education; — but he con tinued there rather less than a single year, notwith standing that " in that time (to use his own words) he had risen gradually from the middle of the class of that year to be at the head of the same class, and was removed into the next class, whence he was to be placed in the third at the end of the year." He was evidently a fast boy, — in more senses of the word than one, perhaps, — and his progress was quite too rapid for his father's purse, who could not contemplate the expense of giving him a college education. Accord- mAUGURAL ORATION. 227 ingly, " he was taken away from the grammar school, and sent to a school for writing and arithmetic kept by a then famous man, Mr. George Brownwell, where he learned to write a good hand pretty soon, but failed entirely in arithmetic." And thus the little fellow disappeared from the play-ground on which we are now standing, and pres ently from all the opportunities of education which his native place supplied. Not long afterwards we trace him helping his father at soap-boiling and tallow- chandling at the sign of the Blue Ball, (now the Golden Ball), at the corner of Union and Hanover Streets. Next we find him working his brother's printing press in Queen Street, now Court Street, and diversifying his labors as an apprentice with the most diligent and devoted efforts to increase his information and improve his mind. Now and then we detect him writing a bal lad, — "a Light House Tragedy," or a " Song about Blackbeard, the Pirate," — and hawking it through the streets, by way of pastime or to turn a penny. Now and then we discover him trying his pen most success fully at an anonymous article for his brother's news paper. Presently we see him, for a short time, at little more than sixteen years of age, the ostensible and responsible editor of that paper, and in the New Eng land Courant, printed and sold in Queen Street, Boston, on the 11th day of February, 1723, there appears, in fair round capitals, the name of Benjamin Franklin, 228 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. — never again to be undistinguished while he lived, nor ever to be unremembered in the history of New England or of the world. But circumstances in his domestic condition proved unpropitious to the further development of his destiny at home. His spirit was winged for a wider and bolder flight than discreet and prudent parents would be likely to encourage or to sanction. It was, certainly, altogether too soaring to be longer hampered by fra ternal leading strings, and it was soon found chafing at the wires of the domestic cage. Disgusted at last with the impediments which were thrown in his way, and yearning for an assertion of his personal independence, he slips the noose which binds him to his birth-place, and is suddenly found seeking his fortunes, under every discouragement, three or four hundred miles away from home or kindred or acquaintance. A lad of only seventeen, Franklin has disappeared not only from the old School-house Green, but from Boston altogether. — But not forever. He has carried with him a native energy, integrity, perseverance and self-reliance, which nothing could subdue or permanently repress. He has carried with him a double measure of the gristle and the grit which are the best ingredient and most pro ductive yield of the ice and granite of New England. And now, fellow citizens, commences a career, which for its varied and almost romantic incidents, for its unifonu and brilliant success, and for its eminent public mAUGURAL ORATION. 229 usefulness, can hardly be paralleled in the history of the human race. This is not the occasion for doing full justice to such a career. Even the barest and briefest allusion to the posts which were successively held, and the services to his country and to mankind which were successively rendered, by the Great Bos tonian, would require far more time than can be appro priately consumed in these inaugural exercises. The most rapid outhne is aU I dare attempt. The life of Franklin presents him in four several and separate relations to society, in each on§ of which he did enough to have filled up the full measure of a more than ordinary life, and to have secured for him self an imperishable renown with posterity. As we run over that life ever so cursorily, we see him first as a Mechanic, and the son of a Mechanic, aiding his father for a year or two in his humble toil, and then taking upon himself, as by a Providential instinct, that profession of a Printer, in which he deUghted to class himself to the latest hour of his life. You all remem ber, I doubt not, that when in the year 1788, at the age of eighty-two years, he made that last Will and Testament, which Boston apprentices and Boston school boys will never forget, nor ever remember without gratitude, he commenced it thus : " I, Benjamin Frank- ¦ lin, of PhUadelphia, Printer, late Minister Plenipoten tiary from the United States of America to the Court 230 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORUL. of France, now President of the State of Pennsylvania, do make and declare my last Will and Testament as follows." Before all other titles he placed that of his chosen craft, and deemed no designation of himself complete, in which that was not foremost. In the midst of his highest distinctions, and while associated with statesmen and courtiers at home or abroad, he was proud to be found turning aside to talk, not merely with the Baskervilles and Strahans who were so long his chosen friends, but with the humbler laborers at the press — "entering into their schemes and suggesting or aiding improvements in their art." In the last year but one of his life, he writes to his sister — "I am too old to follow printing again myself, but loving the busi ness, I have brought up my grandson Benjamin to it, and have built and furnished a printing-house for him, which he now manages under my own eye." He had an early and intense perception of the dignity and importance of that great engine for informing and influencing the public opinion of the world, and a prophetic foresight of the vast and varied power which a Free Press was to exert, for good or for evU, in his own land, — and he seemed peculiarly anxious that his personal relations to it should never be forgotten. And they never will be forgotten. If Franklin had never been anything else than a printer, if he had ren dered no services to his country or to mankind but those which may fairly be classed under this depart- INAUGURAL ORATION. 231 ment of his career, he would still have left a mark upon his age which could not have been mistaken or overlooked. It was as a printer, that he set such an example to his fellow-mechanics of all ages, of industry, temperance and frugality, — of truth, sincerity and in tegrity. " The industry of that Franklin," said an eye witness of his early habits, (Dr. Baird,) " is superior to anything I ever saw of the kind ; 1 see him stiU at work when I go home from Club, and he is at work again before his neighbors are out of bed." And you all remember how the ale-drinking apprentices of Lon don sneered at him as "the Water-American," and wondered how one who drank no strong beer, could be so much stronger than themselves ! It was as a piinter, that he instituted those Clubs for discussion and mutual improvement, which elevated the character and imports ance of the working classes wherever they were intro duced. It was as a 'printer, that he displayed such extraordinary mechanical ingenuity, in making for him self whatever articles he needed in his own profession, founding letters of lead, carving ornaments and cuts of wood, engraving vignettes upon cojDper, mixing his own printer's ink, and manufacturing his own plate press. It was as a printer, that he set on foot the first subscription Circulating Library, " the mother of all in North America." It was as a printer, that he did so much to improve the character of the Newspaper Press of the American Colonies, asserting its liberty, discour- 232 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. aging its licentiousness, protesting against its being employed as an instrument of scandal, defamation and detraction, and exhibiting it as the worthy and chosen vehicle of information, entertainment and instruction. It was as a printer, that he commenced and continued that series of dehghtful Essays, sometimes political, sometimes historical, sometimes moral, sometimes satir ical or playful, which are hardly inferior in wit and wisdom to the best papers of Johnson or of Addison, of the witty Dean of St. Patrick's or the genial Canon of St. Paul's, — and which would have secured and established the permanent literary reputation of their author, had no other monument of his labors existed. It was as a printer, above all, that he prepared and pub lished for so many years his immortal Almanac, under the name of Richard Saunders, with those inimitable proverbs, some of them only second to those of Solo mon, of which so many millions of copies, in almost every language and tongue known beneath the sun, have been scattered broadcast throughout the world, for the entertainment and instruction of young and old, rich and poor, wise and simple. When will ever Poor Richard be forgotten ! Or when wiU he ever be remembered without fresh admiration for the shrewd, sagacious common sense, which he poured forth with such charming good humor, and in such exhaustless profusion ! WeU may the mechanics of Boston take the lead in mAUGURAL .ORATION. 233 every commemoration of Benjamin Franklin, — as they have done in that of which this day witnesses the com pletion, — for it was as a Boston Mechanic that he laid the foundations, strong and deep, of a character which no temptations or trials could ever shake, and of a fame which will know no limits but those of civUiza- tion, and no termination but that of time ! But the ingenuity and invention of Franklin, whUe they stooped to supply not merely every want which he encountered in his own profession, but every want which he observed in his relations with others, could not be confined within any mere mechanical limits, but demanded nothing less than the whole circle of art and nature for their display. If nothing was too low for his care, neither was anything too lofty for his contem plation ; and as we run over his life, he stands before us in the character of a Philosopher, not less distinctly or less proudly than we have just seen him in the character of a Printer. It is with no little interest that we recaU his own statement, that it was in his native Boston that his curiosity was first excited in regard to the nature of that wonderful element, from the investigation of which he was destined to derive his highest and most per vading celebrity. Here, in the year 1746, he received the earhest impressions upon the subject of electricity, and here, among the Bowdoins and Chauncys and 30 234 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. Coopers and Quincys and Winthrops of that day, he found some of the earhest and latest sympathizers and cooperators in his scientific as well as in his political pursuits. The gradual steps by which he advanced in his electrical researches are for the historian and biographer; the transcendent result is famUiar to you aU. When Franklin had completed that grand and unparaUeled discovery, — arresting the very thunder bolts on their flaming circuit through the sky, chal lenging them forth from their chariots of fire, and compelling them to a reluctant revelation of the nature of their mysterious, mighty energies, — he had reached a pinnacle of human glory which had not been ap proached by any man of his country or of his age. His fame was flashed from pole to pole over the whole habitable globe, and hardly a civilized region, over which a thunder-cloud ever pealed or rattled, was long left ignorant of the name of him, who had disarmed it of its shafts and stripped it of its terrors. The boldness and sublimity of the experiment, by which his theories were finally tested and confirmed, have never been surpassed, if they have ever been equalled, in the walks of science, and even the battle fields of ancient or modern history may be explored in vain for a loftier exhibition of moral and physical heroism. See him going forth into the fields, with no attend ant or witness but his own son, lest a failure should mAUGURAL ORATION. 235 bring discredit, — not upon himself, for no man cared less for anything which might concern himself, — but upon the experiment he was about to try, and upon the theory which he knew must prove true in the end. See him calmly awaiting the gathering of the coming storm, and then lifting his little kite, with an iron point at the top of the stick, and a steel key at the end of the hempen string, to draw deliberately down upon his own head a full charge of the Artillery of Heaven! See him, disappointed at first, but never despairing or doubting, applying his own knuckle to the key, — knocking, as it were, at the very gates of the mighty Thunderer, — and eagerly standing to receive that bolt, from which so many of us, even now that he has pro vided so complete a shield, shrink away so often in terror! A similar experiment is to cost the life of a distinguished Russian philosopher at St. Petersburg only a few months afterwards. ShaU Franklin's life be spared now ? Well has Mr. Everett suggested that if that moment had been his last, " conscious of an immortal name, he must have felt that he could have been content." But the good providence of God, in which, as we shaU see, Franklin always trusted, permitted the cloud to emit but a single spark. That spark was enough. His theory is confirmed and veri fied. Henceforth, in the latest words of the dying Arago, Electricity is Franklin's. "To him the world owes the knowledge which led to the Telegraph, the 236 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. Electroplate, the Electrotype. Every fresh adaptation of electricity is a stone added to his monument. They are only improvements of his bequest. Elec tricity is Franklin's." His name has, indeed, become immortal, but, thanks be to God, his life is stUl pre served for the best interests of his country and for the welfare of the world. But the fame of Franklin as a philosopher rests not alone on his discoveries in any single department of natural history, and the brUUancy of his electrical experiments must not be permitted to eclipse his many other services to science. Nothing, indeed, within the range of philosophical inquiry, seemed to be beyond his eager and comprehensive grasp, and to the end of his long life he was yearly adding something to the stock of scientific knowledge. He dehghted to employ himself in searching out the causes of the common operations of nature, as weU as of its more striking and remarkable phenomena. The principles of evapo- ra;tion, the origin of the saltness of the sea and the formation of salt-mines, the habitual commencement of north-easterly storms at the south-east, the influ ence of oU in smoothing the waters and stUling the waves, and a hundred other subjects, at that time by no means famUiar to the common understanding, were elaborately investigated and explained by him. In deed, wherever he went, he was sure to find material for his inquisitive and penetrating mind. A badly mAUGURAL ORATION. 237 heated room would furnish him . with a motive for inventing a better stove, and a smoking chimney would give him no rest untU he had studied the art of curing it. Did he visit Holland, — he is found learning from the boatmen that vessels propelled by an equal force move more slowly in shoal than in deep water, and forthwith he engages in patient experiments to verify and illustrate the lesson, for the benefit of those who may be employed in constructing canals. Did the bark in which he was crossing the ocean stop a day or two at Madeira, — he seizes the occasion to procure and write out a full account of its soU, cUmate, population and productions. And while the ship is in full sail, behold him from day to day the laughing-stock of the saUors, who probably regarded him as only a whimsical land-lubber, while he sits upon the deck dipping his thermometer into successive tubs of water, baled out for the purpose, — or, perhaps, directly into the ocean, — to ascertain by the differences of temperature the range and extent of the Gulf Stream, — and thus fur nishing the basis of that geography of the seas, which has recently assumed so imposing a shape under the hands of the accomplished and enterprising Maury. No wonder that the great English historian of that period, the philosophic Hume, wrote to Franklin as he was leaving England to return home in 1762: "1 am sorry that you intend soon to leave our hemisphere. America has sent us many good things, gold, silver. 238 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. sugar, tobacco, indigo, &c.; but you are the first philoso pher, and, indeed, the first great man of letters for whom we are beholden to her." And most justly did Sir Humphrey Davy say of him at a later day — " He has in no instance exhibited that false dignity, by which philosophy is kept aloof from common applicar tions ; and he has sought rather to make her a useful inmate and servant in the common habitations of man, than to preserve her merely as an object of admiration in temples and palaces." Indeed, his merits as a phi losopher were early and everywhere recognized and acknowledged, and our Boston Printer was introduced and welcomed into Royal Societies and Imperial Acade mies and Institutes, in almost every kingdom on the globe. Nor were his scientific attainments recognized only by diplomas and titular distinctions. It is pleasant to remember that the great British powder magazines at Purfleet, and the magnificent cathedral of St. Paul's, were both protected from the danger of lightning by rods arranged under Franklin's immediate direction; while some years later, (1784,) the King of France placed him at the head of a commission, consisting of five members from the Royal Academy of Sciences, and four members from the Faculty of Medicine, to investigate the subject of animal magnetism, then first introduced to the notice of the world by the celebrated Mesmer. mAUGURAL ORATION. 239 In running over the marvellous career of Benjamin Franklin, we hail him next, in the third place, as a Statesman and Patriot, second to no one of his time in the variety and success of his efforts to build up the institutions of our country, both state and national, and in promoting and establishing her Union and her Inde pendence. Franklin made his first formal appearance on the political stage, at the age of thirty years, in the humble capacity of clerk of the general assembly of Penn sylvania at Philadelphia, in the year 1736. But his thoughts being now turned to public affairs, he at once commenced instituting reforms wherever an opportu nity presented itself Nothing which could contribute to the welfare of the community in which he lived, was too seemingly insignificant for his attention. The regu lation of the city watch, the paving and sweeping and fighting of the streets, the organization of fire com panies, the foundation of schools and academies, suc cessively occupied his earliest care. His fitness for every sort of public employment soon becoming mani fest, he was spared from no service within the gift either of the executive or of the people. In the single year 1750, while he was just commencing his philo sophical pursuits, he was called upon to discharge the duties of a justice of the peace, (no sinecure in that day,) by the governor ; of a common councilman, and then an alderman, by the corporation of Philadelphia ; 240 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORLiL. and of a burgess, to represent them in the State Assem bly, by his fellow-citizens at large. The next year finds him delegated as a commissioner to treat with the Indians. The next year, he is appointed joint post master general of the colonies. The following year, — the ever memorable year of 1754, — he is one of a congress of commissioners from all the colonies at Albany, to confer with the chiefs of the Six Nations concerning the means of defending the country from a threatened invasion by Prance. And then and there, in that capacity, our Boston printer first projected and proposed a Union of all the colonies under one govern ment, — the original suggestion of that glorious Union which was afterwards adopted as a defence against the tyrannical oppression of Great Britain, and which is stiU our best and only defence, not only against Great Britain and aU the rest of the world, but against each other, and against ourselves, too. God grant that this Union may be no less durable than the solid bronze of which the statue of its earliest proposer and constant advocate is composed, — defying alike the corrosions of time, the shock of strife, and the convulsions of every evil element ! The next year, 1755, we see him procuring wagons for General Braddock, who had utterly failed to pro cure them by any other agency, and advancing for the service upwards of a thousand pounds sterling out of his own pocket. And then, too, it was, that with a mAUGURAL ORATION. 241 sagacity so remarkable, he distinctly predicted the pre cise ambuscade which resulted in the disastrous defeat of that iU-starred expedition. Before the close of the same year, we find him marching himself, at the head of a body of troops, to protect the frontier, — not waitr ing, I presume, to be formally commissioned as com mander, since it is not until the succeeding year, 1756, — just one hundred years ago, — that we see him regularly sworn in as colonel, and learn that several glasses of his electrical apparatus were shaken down and broken, by the volleys fired under his win dows, as a salute, after the first review of his regiment. Passing over the six or seven next years, which belong to another department of his career, we find him in 1763, sole postmaster general of British North America, and spending five or six months in travelling through the northern colonies in an old-fashioned gig, for the purpose of inspecting and arranging the post offices. Soon afterwards we see him taking a leading part in stopping the tide of insurrection and quieting the commotions arising out of the inhuman massacre of the Indians in Lancaster County, — appealing to the people in an eloquent and masterly pamphlet, organ izing a military association, and by his personal exer tions and influence strengthening the arm of govern ment and upholding the supremacy of the laws. And now, in 1764, we welcome him, assuming the chair as speaker of the Pennsylvania Assembly, to sign a bold 31 242 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. petition to the king against the proprietary govern ment, which he had drafted and defended on the floor, but to which the previous speaker had shrunk from affixing his signature. Passing over another interval of a Uttle more than ten years, (to be the subject of separate allusion under another view of his services,) we meet him next, on his own soil, in 1775, as a delegate from Pennsylvania to the second Continental Congress. He serves simul taneously as chairman of the committee of safety appointed by the Pennsylvania Assembly. "In the morning at six o'clock," (says he of this period, and he was then sixty-nine years of age,) "I am at the com mittee of safety, which committee holds till near nine, when I am at Congress, and that sits tUl after four in the afternoon." In the Continental Congress, we find him successively proposing a plan of confederation; assuming the entire management of the American post office; at the head of the commissioners for Indian affairs ; a leading member of the committee of secret correspondence, and of almost every other committee, whether for secret or for open negotiations ; a delegate to the American camp at Cambridge, to consult with Washington and the continental army for the relief of his native town ; a delegate to Canada, to concert measures of sympathy and succor ; and finally, one of the illustrious Committee of Five, with Thomas Jeffer son, and John Adams, and Roger Sherman, and Robert mAUGURAL ORATION. 243 R. Livingston, to draft the Declaration of Independence. That Declaration is reported and adopted, and Franklin signs it in his order with an untrembling hand. He would seem, however, to have fully realized the mo mentous character of the act, when he humorously replied to our own John Hancock, — who had said " There must be no pulling different ways, we must all hang together;" — "Yes, we must, indeed, all hang together, or most assuredly we shaU all hang separ rately." He was as ready to brave the strokes of arbitrary power, as he had been those of the lightning of Heaven, — to snatch the sceptre from tyrants as the thunder-bolt from the clouds ; and he might almost seem to have adopted, as the motto at once of his scientific and political life, those noble lines of a cotem- porary poet — " Thy spirit. Independence, let me share ! Lord of the Hon heart and eagle eye, Thy steps I follow with my bosom bare. Nor heed the storm which howls along the sky! " And now he presides over the convention which frames the constitution of Pennsylvania ; and, after another inter-val of about eight years and a half, (to be accounted for presently,) we see him presiding over the state itself, whose constitution he had thus aided in forming. Now, too, at the age of eighty, the Nestor of America, as he was well styled by the National Assembly of Prance, he is found among the delegates 244 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORUL. to the convention which framed the constitution of the United States, and there we may hear him making two brief but most characteristic and remarkable speeches. One of them I reserve for the conclusion of this discourse. The other was delivered on the twenty-eighth day of June, 1787, when he submitted that memorable motion, — seconded by Roger Sherman, and said by at least one member of the convention to have been rejected only because they had no funds for meeting the expense, but which, at any rate, found only three or four voices to sustain it, — that " hence forth prayers, imploring the assistance of Heaven, and its blessings on our deliberations, be held in this assem bly every morning before we proceed to business." " 1 have lived. Sir, (said he most nobly,) a long time, and the longer I Uve, the more convincing proofs 1 see of this truth — that God governs in the affairs of men. And if a sparrow cannot fall to the ground with out his notice, is it probable that an empire can rise without his aid? We have been assured. Sir, in the Sacred Writings, that ' except the Lord build the house, they labor in vain that build it.' I firmly believe this ; and 1 also believe that without his concurring aid we shall succeed in this political building no better than the builders, of Babel. We shall be divided by our little partial local interests; our projects will be con founded; and we ourselves shall become a reproach and a by-word down to future ages. And what is mAUGURAL ORATION. 245 worse, mankind may hereafter, from this unfortunate instance, despair of establishing governments by human •wisdom, and leave it to chance, war, and conquest." Glorious words ! Precious testimony ! Admirable example ! The wisest and most venerable of all that wise and venerable assembly, fuU of the largest and richest and most varied experience ; full, too, of the fruits of the most profound scientific and philosophical research, — even he that had " divided a way for the lightnings," " sending them that they might go, and say unto him. Here we are," — publicly acknowledging the utter insufficiency of all human wisdom, and calUng upon his associates to unite with him in "humbly applying to the Father of Lights to Uluminate their understandings ! " Who shall say, that if inequaUties, or injustices, or imperfections of any sort, exist in the great work of that convention, which even now may threaten its overthrow, — which even now may involve us in the danger of being " divided by our Uttle partial local interests " and of encountering the fate of " the buUders of Babel," — who shaU say that the adoption of Frank lin's resolution might not have averted such a result ? And who shall doubt that, if, in the future administra tion of that cherished instrument, all human wisdom shall again be found signaUy at fault, as it is found at this hour, the humble prostration of a whole people, governors and governed, in prayer to God, for that 246 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. most neglected of all subjects of prayer — the preser vation of our country and its constitution, its union and its liberty, — might not be a more effectual safe guard, than all the brawlings and bickerings and wrest lings and wranglings of self-relying and self-magnifying politicians ! We could all have wished, my friends, that Franklin had been a more earnest student of the Gospel of Christ ; but the devout reliance upon a superintending Providence, attested by frequent prayer, which char acterized him from his youth upwards, and which never failed him in private or in public life, — his intimacy with Whitefield and with the " Good Bishop " of St. Asaph, — his earnest religious advice to his daughter, and his strenuous remonstrance against the infidel pub lications of Paine, — furnish ample evidence of a rev erence for sacred things and solemn observances, which might well put to shame the indiflerence of not a few of those, who may be most disposed to cavU about his views of Christianity. But there is another phase to this many-sided and mighty mind, and the Great Bostonian stands before us, in the fourth place, as a Diplomatic Agent and Ambas sador in foreign lands ; — a character in which he rendered services of inestimable value to the separate colonies and to the whole country, and secured a renown quite independent of that which he had INAUGURAL ORATION. 247 achieved as a Mechanic, a Philosopher, or a Statesman, and by no means inferior to either. Franklin spent no less than twenty-six years of his mature life in other lands, all but two of them in public employment. He was more than five years in London, between 1757 and 1763, as agent of Pennsylvania to attend to that petition to the king, which he had been appointed speaker to sign. His fame as a philosopher and a writer had even then preceded him. He had already been made a member of the Royal Society, and had received the medal of Sir Godfrey Copley. His mission at this time, however, gave but little scope for brilliant service, although it has been said on good authority that the British expedition against Canada, with its memorable results in the victory of Wolfe and the conquest of Quebec, may be chiefly ascribed to his earnest recommendation of that particular policy to the British ministry of that day. His second and more important visit to London, in a public capacity, extended from the close of the year 1764, to May, 1775. He went at first, as before, only as agent for Pennsylvania, but soon received commis sions as agent for Georgia, for New Jersey, and for our own Massachusetts assembly. Arriving at the very era of the stamp act, his whole residence in England, of more than ten years' continuance, was crowded with incidents of the* most interesting and exciting character. If no other memorial existed of Franklin's wisdom, courage 248 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORUL. and patriotism, than the single record of his extraordi nary examination before the House of Commons, at the beginning of the year 1766, the statue which we are about to inaugurate would have an ample justifica tion to every American eye and in every American heart. If any one desires to obtain a vivid impression of the surpassing qualities of this wonderful man, — of his fuUness of information, of his firmness of purpose, of his wit, prudence and indomitable presence of mind, of his true dignity and patriotic devotedness of charac ter, — let him read this examination as contained in his published works. It has often seemed to me in credible that such replies could have been, as we know they were, in so great a degree unpremeditated. There is a dramatic power, a condensed energy, a mingled force and felicity of expression, with an unhesitating mastery of resources, in Franklin's share of this famous dialogue, which would alone have secured him no second place among the remarkable men of his age. This was the scene of his glory and his pride. But he was no stranger to the other side of the picture. He knew how to be humbled as well as how to be exalted, how to be sUent as well as how to answer. And that subsequent scene in the privy council chamber, on the eleventh of January, 1774, when he stood as the "butt of invective ribaldry for near an hour," and bore with out fiinching, in his capacity of agent of Massachusetts, INAUGURAL ORATION. 249 a treatment so indecent and ignominious, will be remembered by every true-hearted American, to the latest generation, as a triumph no less proud and glorious. Another year attests the estimation in which he is held by the greatest figure of that memorable period of English history, when the peerless peer — the incom parable Chatham — not only introduced him personally into the House of Lords, to listen to his burning words on a motion to withdraw the troops from the town of Boston, but soon afterwards, on being reproached with taking counsel of Franklin, " made no scruple to declare that if he were the first minister of the country, and had the care of settling this momentous business, he should not be ashamed of pubhcly caUing to his assist ance a person so perfectly acquainted with the whole of American affairs as the gentleman aUuded to, and so injuriously reflected on ; — one, whom all Europe held in high estimation for his knowledge and wisdom, and ranked with our Boyles and Newtons ; who was an honor not to the English nation only, but to human nature." But by far the greatest of Frankhn's services in foreign employment remain stiU to be recounted. It is not too much to say, that the early success of our revo lutionary struggle was mainly attributable to the gen erous and magnanimous aid afforded us by France, — represented here, on this occasion, I am glad to per- 250 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. ceive, by her highest diplomatic functionary, (the Count de Sartiges). — Let us never forget the magnitude of our indebtedness to France for that noble intervention, and let the remembrance of it serve to temper the ani mosities and soften the asperities which may at any time spring up in our intercourse with her people or her rulers, — inclining us ever to maintain the kindest and most amicable relations with both. But let us never fail to remember that for the French alliance, with all its advantages and aids, our country was indebted, more than to any or all other causes, to the character, the influence and the efforts of Ben jamin Franklin. His celebrity as a philosopher, a man of letters, a statesman, and a bold defender of his country's rights and liberties, prepared the way for his success. The intelligence^ information and lofty independence he had displayed during his recent examination before the British commons, and the un flinching firmness with which he had borne the abuse which had been heaped upon him at the bar of the British council, had excited the warmest admiration and sympathy on the other side of the channel. Every thing in his age, appearance and reputation, conspired to render him an object of interest, attention and enthusiastic regard. It might be said of his arrival at Paris, as Cicero said of the arrival of Archias at some of the cities of ancient Greece, "Sic ejus adventus celebrabatur, ut famam ingenii expectatio INAUGURAL ORATION. 251 hominis, exspectationem ipsius adventus admiratioque superaret." Nothing could be more striking than the account which an eminent French historian has given of this advent : — " By the effect which Franklin produced in. France, we might say that he fulfilled his mission, not with a court, but with a free people. . . . Men im agined they saw in him a sage of antiquity come back to give austere lessons and generous examples to the moderns. They personified in him the republic of which he was the representative and the legislator. . . . His virtues and his renown negotiated for him; and before the second year of his mission had expired, no one conceived it possible to refuse fleets and an army to the compatriots of Franklin." Undoubtedly at that era, and in that capital, Frank lin was the great American name. The mild but steady lustre of Washington's surpassing character had not yet broken forth full-orbed on the admiration of the European world, as it was destined to do no long time afterwards. With that character at this day we admit no comparison. But our Boston printer was the very first of whom it might then have been said, in language since applied to others, that his name alone made our country respectable throughout the world ; and when he signed the treaty of alliance with Prance, on the sixth of February, 1778, he had accomplished a work which wiU ever entitle him to be counted as the 252 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. negotiator of the most important, as weU as of the very first, treaty to which this country has ever been a party. This treaty of aUiance was, indeed, the imme diate and most effective instrument of that other and still more memorable treaty, which he was privileged also to sign at Paris, four or five years afterwards, in company with his illustrious associates, John Adams and John Jay, — the treaty of peace and independence with Great Britain, by which the war of revolution was at length happily and gloriously terminated, and by which the United States of America were at last ad mitted to an equal place in the great brotherhood of nations. Many more treaties received his attention and his signature, with those of his illustrious associates, during the same period ; — one of amity and commerce with France, one with Sweden, and one with Prussia, in which latter he succeeded in procuring admission for that noble stipulation against privateering, — which, whether it be expedient or inexpedient for the particu lar circumstances of our country at the present mo ment, must commend itself as a matter of principle and justice to the whole Christian world. The late congress of peace at Paris has substantially revived and adopted this article on the very spot on which it was drafted and defended by Franklin eighty years ago, — uniting it, too, with that great American doc trine, that free ships shall make free goods, which found mAUGURAL ORATION. 253 in Franklin, on the same occasion, one of its earhest and ablest advocates. And these were the acts of a man more ,than three- score-and-ten years old, wearied with service and racked with disease, and praying to be suffered to return home and recover his strength, before he should go hence and be no more seen, — but whose retirement congress was unwilling to allow ! In his early youth, however, he had adopted the maxim, " never to ask, never to refuse, and never to resign " any office for which others might think him fit, and he bravely persevered till all was accomplished. May I not safely say, feUow-citizens, that had Benja min Franklin left no record of his public service, but that which contains the story of his career as a foreign agent and minister, whether of separate colonies or of the whole country, after he had already completed the allotted term of human existence, he would still have richly merited a statue in the squares of his native city, and a niche in the hearts of all her people, as one of the great American negotiators and diplomatists of our revolutionary age? And now, my friends, over and above the four dis tinct and separate phases of his life and history, which I have thus imperfectly delineated, but which are to find a worthier and more permanent portrayal on the four panels of the pedestal before you, — over and 254 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. above them all, at once the crowning glory of his career and the keystone to its admirable unity, blending and binding together all the fragmentary services which he rendered in widely different spheres of duty into one proportionate and noble life, — over and above them all, like some gilded and glorious dome over columns and arches and porticoes of varied but massive and magnificent architecture, rises the character of Franklin for benevolence; that character which pervaded his whole existence, animating every step of its progress, and entitling him to the preeminent distinction of a true Philanthropist. Happening, by the purest accident, let me rather say, by some Providential direction, to have read in his earliest youth an essay written by another celebrated son of Boston, (Cotton Mather,) upon " the good that is to be devised and designed by those who desire to answer the great end of life," he dedicated himself at once to "a perpetual endeavor to do good in the world." He read in that little volume such golden sentences as these : — "It is possible that the wisdom of a poor man may start a proposal that may serve a city, save a nation." "A mean mechanic — who can tell what an engine of good he may be, if humbly and wisely applied unto it!" "The remembrance of having been the man that first moved a good law, were better than a statue erected for one's memory." These and many other passages of that precious little volume mAUGURAL ORATION. 255 sunk deep into his mind, and gave the turn to the whole current of his career. Writing to "his honored mother" at the age of forty-three, he says, "for my own part, at present, I pass my time agreeably enough. I enjoy, through mercy, a tolerable share of health. I read a great deal, ride a little, do a little business for myself, now and then for others, retire when I can, and go into company when I please; so the years roll round, and the last will come, when I would rather have it said, ' He lived usefully,' than ' He died rich.' " Writing to the son of Cotton Mather, within a few years of his own death, (1784,) and after he had achieved a world-wide celebrity as a philosopher, a statesman and a patriot, he nobly says, in reference to the "Essays to do good," — "I have always set a greater value on the character of a doer of good, than on any other kind of reputation ; and if I have been, as you seem to think, a useful citizen, the public owes the advantage of it to that book." And certainly, if any man of his age, or of almost any other age, ever earned the reputation of a doer of good, and of having lived usefully, it was Benjamin FrankUn. No life was ever more eminently and prac tically a useful life than his. Capable of the greatest things, he condescended to the humblest. He never sat down to make himself famous. He never secluded himself from the common walks and duties of society in order to accomplish a great reputation, much less to 256 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. accumulate a great fortune. He wrote no elaborate histories, or learned treatises, or stately tomes. Short essays or tracts, thrown off at a heat to answer an im mediate end, — letters to his associates in science or politics, — letters to his family and friends, — these make up the great bulk of his literary productions; and, under the admirable editorship of Mr. Sparks, nine noble volumes do they fUl, — abounding in evidences of a wisdom, sagacity, ingenuity, diligence, freshness of thought, fullness of information, comprehensiveness of reach, and devotedness of purpose, such as are rarely to be found associated in any single man. Wherever he found anything to be done, he did it; anything to be investigated, he investigated it; any thing to be invented or discovered, he forthvrith tried to invent or discover it, and almost always succeeded. He did everything as if his whole attention in life had been given to that one thing. And thus while he did enough in literature to be classed among the great writers of his day ; enough in invention and science to secure him the reputation of a great phUosopher; enough in domestic politics to win the title of a great statesman ; enough in foreign negotiations to merit the designation of a great diplomatist ; he found time to- do enough, also, in works of general utility, humanity and benevolence, to insure him a perpetual memory as a great philanthropist. No form of personal suffering or social evil escaped mAUGURAL ORATION. 257 his attention, or appealed in vain for such relief or remedy as his prudence could suggest or his purse supply. Prom that day of his early youth, when, a wanderer from his home and friends in a strange place, he was seen sharing his rolls with a poor woman and chUd, to the last act of his public life, when he signed that well known memorial to congress, as President of the Anti-Slavery Society of Pennsylvania, a spirit of earnest and practical benevolence runs like a golden thread along his whole career. Would to Heaven that he coiUd have looked earlier at that great evU which he looked at last, and that the practical resources and marvellous sagacity of his mighty intellect could have been brought seasonably to bear upon the solution of a problem, now almost too intricate for any human facul ties ! Would to Heaven that he could have tasked his invention for a mode of drawing the fires safely from that portentous cloud, — in his day, indeed, hardly bigger than a man's hand, — but which is now blacken ing the whole sky, and threatening to rend asunder that noble fabric of union, of which he himself pro posed the earliest model! To his native place, which is now about to honor him afresh, Franklin never faUed to manifest the warm est regard and affection. Never forgetting that "he owed his first instructions in literature to the free grammar schools estabUshed there," he made a pre ss 258 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. vision by his WUl which must render him a sort of patron saint to Boston school-boys to the latest genera tion. Never forgetting the difficulties under which he had struggled as a Boston apprentice, he has left ample testimony of his desire to relieve Boston apprentices from similar trials in all time to come. At all periods of his life, he evinced the liveliest interest in the wel fare of his birth-place, and the kindest feelings for its citizens, and the day is certain to arrive, though we of this generation may not live to witness it, when his native city and his native state will owe some of their noblest improvements and most magnificent public works, to a fund which he established with that ulti mate design. Here, in yonder Granary grave-yard, his father and mother were buried, and here he placed a stone, in filial regard to their memory, with an inscrip tion commemorative of their goodness. The kindness and honors of other cities could not altogether wean him from such associations. As he approached the close of his long and eventful career, his heart seemed to turn with a fresh yearning to the grave of his parents, the scenes of his childhood, and the friends of his early years. Writing to Dr. Cooper, on the fifteenth of May, 1781, he says, "I often form pleasing imagina tions of the pleasure I should enjoy as a private person among my friends and compatriots in my native Bos ton. God only knows whether this pleasure is reserved for me." Writing to his sister on the fourth of Novem- INAUGURAL ORATION. 259 ber, 1787, he says, "It was my intention to decline serving another year as president, that I might be at liberty to take a trip to Boston in the spring ; but I submit to the unanimous voice of my country, which has again placed me in the chair." Writing to the Rev. Dr. Lathrop, on the thirty-first of May, 1788, he says, "It would certainly, as you observe, be a very great pleasure to me, if I could once again visit my native town, and walk over the grounds I used to fre quent when a boy, and where I enjoyed many of the innocent pleasures of youth, which would be so brought to my remembrance, and where I might find some of my old acquaintance to converse with. . . . But I enjoy the company and conversation of its inhab itants, when any of them are so good as to visit me; for, besides their general good sense, which 1 value, the Boston manner, turn of phrase, and even tone of voice, and accent in pronunciation, all please, and seem to refresh and revive me." But the most striking testimony of his attachment to the scenes of his birth is found in the letter to Dr. Samuel Mather, on the twelfth of May, 1784, from which I have already quoted, where he says, " I long much to see again my native place, and to lay my bones there. I left it in 1723; I visited it in 1733, 1743, 1753, and 1763. In 1773 I was in England ; in 1775 I had a sight of it, but could not enter, it being in possession of the enemy. I did hope to have been there in 1783, but could not 260 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. obtain my dismission from this employment here ; and now I fear I shall never have that happiness." And he never did again enjoy that happiness. A few years more of pain and suffering, — sustained with an undaunted courage, and relieved by a persevering and unwearied attention to every private and every public claim, — a few years more of pain and suffering termi nated his career, and the seventeenth day of April, 1790, found him resting at last from the labors of a life of eighty-four years and three months, in the city of his adoption, where his ashes stUl repose. Let his memory ever be a bond of affection between his birth-place and his burial-place, both of which he loved so well, and of both of which he was so eminent a benefactor; and may their only rivalry or emulation be, which shaU show itself, in all time to come, by acts of enlightened philanthropy and of enlarged and comprehensive pa triotism, most loyal to the memory, and most faithful to the example and the precept, of one who did enough to reflect imperishable glory on a hundred cities! Fellow-citizens of Boston, the third half century has just expired, since this remarkable person first appeared within our limits. The seventeenth day of January last completed the full term of one hundred and fifty years, since, having drawn his first breath beneath the humble roof which not a few of those around me can still remember, he was borne to the neighboring sanctu- mAUGURAL ORATION. 261 ary to receive the baptismal blessing at the hands of the pious Pemberton, or, it vaaj have been, of the ven erable WUlard. More than sixty-six years have elapsed since his death. He has not, — I need not say he has not, — been unremembered or unhonored during this long interval. The street which bears his name, — with the graceful urn in its centre, and the old subscription library at its side, — was a worthy tribute to his memory for the day in which it was laid out. The massive stone which has replaced the crumbling tablet over the grave of his father and mother, is a memorial which he himself would have valued more than anything which could have been done for his own commemoration. The numerous libraries, lyceums, institutes and societies of every sort, in all quarters of the country, which have adopted his name as their most cherished designation, are witnesses to his worth, whose testimony would have been peculiarly prized by him. He has been honored, more than all, by the just distinctions which have everywhere been accorded to not a few of those who have inherited his love of science with his blood, — one of whom, at least, we had confidently hoped to welcome among us on this occasion, as the acknowledged heir and living representative of his philosophical fame. I need hardly name the learned and accomplished Super intendent of the United States Coast Survey — Alex ander Dallas Bache — the great-grandson of Franklin 262 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORUL. — under whose devoted and admirable direction the mysteries of the Gulf Stream have been freshly and profoundly analyzed, and so many of the intricate bays and harbors of our gigantic coast have been accurately and exquisitely mapped out for the guidance of our pilots, and for the convenience and safety of our mer cantile and naval marine. Nor should it be forgotton, on this occasion, that within a year or two past, a beautiful shaft of polished granite, with a brief but most appropriate and comprehensive inscription, has found a conspicuous place at Mount Auburn, erected, as a tribute of regard and reverence for Franklin's memory, by a self-made man of kindred spirit, stUl livuig in our vicinity, — the venerable Thomas Dowse, — whose magnificent library is destined to enrich the historic hall at our side. But something more was demanded by the unani mous sentiment of his birth-place. Something more was called for by the general voice of his country. Something more was due to the claims of historic jus tice. The deliberate opinion of the world has now been formed upon him. Personal partiaUties and per sonal prejudices, which so often make or mar a recent reputation or a living fame, have long ago passed away, with all who cherished them. The great posthu mous tribunal of two whole generations of men, — less fallible than that to which antiquity appealed, — has sat in solemn judgment upon his character and career. mAUGURAL ORATION. 263 The calm, dispassionate Muse of history, — not over looking errors which he himself was ever earliest in regretting, nor ascribing to him any fabulous exemption from frailties and infirmities which he was never back ward in acknowledging, — has pronounced her une quivocal and irrevocable award; not only assigning him no second place among the greatest and worthiest who have adorned the annals of New England, but enroUing him forever among the iUustrious benefactors of mankind. And we are here this day, to accept, confirm and ratify that award, for ourselves and our posterity, by a substantial and enduring token, which shall no longer be withheld from your view. Let it be unveiled ! Let the stars and stripes no longer conceal the form of one who was always faithful to his coun try's flag, and who did so much to promote the glorious cause in which it was first unfurled! \The drapery was here removed, and the statue displayed to view amid the shouts of the surrounding multitude. When the applause had sufficiently subsided, Mr. Winthrop continued as follows : — ] And now behold him, by the magic power of native genius, once more restored to our sight ! Behold him in the enjoyment of his cherished wish, — "revisiting his native town and the grounds he used to frequent when a boy"! Behold him, reappearing on the old 264 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. school-house Green, which was the play-place of his early days, — henceforth to fulfill, in some degree, to the eye of every passer-by, the charming vision of the Faery Queen — " A spacious court they see, Both plain and pleasant to he walked in. Where them does meet a Franklin fair and free." Behold him, with the fur collar and linings which were the habitual badge of the master printers of the olden times, and which many an ancient portrait exhibits as the chosen decorations of not a few of the old philoso phers, too, — GaUleo, Copernicus and Kepler, — who held, like him, familiar commerce with the skies! Behold him, with the scalloped pockets -and looped buttons and long Quaker-like vest and breeches, in which he stood arraigned and reviled before the council of one monarch, and in which he proudly signed the treaty of alliance with another ! Behold him, with the " fine crab- tree walking-stick " which he bequeathed to "his friend and the friend of mankind. General Wash ington," — saying so justly, that "if it were a sceptre, he has merited it, and would become it " ! Behold the man, to whom Washington himself wrote, for the consolation of his declining strength, — a con solation more precious than all the compliments and distinctions which were ever showered upon him by philosophers or princes, — "If to be venerated for benevolence, if to be admired for talents, if to be mAUGURAL ORATION. 265 esteemed for patriotism, if to be beloved for philan thropy, can gratify the human mind, you must have the pleasing consolation to know that you have not Uved in vain. And I flatter myself that it will not be ranked among the least grateful occurrences of your life to be assured, that so long as 1 retain my memory, you wiU be recollected with respect, ven eration and affection by your sincere friend, George WASHmOTON ! " Other honors may grow cheap, other laurels may fade and wither, other eulogiums may be forgotten, the sohd bronze before us may moulder and crumble, but the man of whom it may be said that he enjoyed the sincere firiendship, and secured the respect, veneration and affection of Washington, has won a title to the world's remembrance which the lapse of ages wiU only strengthen and brighten. Behold him, " the sage of antiquity coming back to give austere lessons and generous examples to the modems," — the wise old man of his own apologue of 1757, discoursing to the multitude of frugality and industry, of temperance and toleration ! — Behold Poor Richard, — pointing the way to wealth and dealing out his proverbs of wit and wisdom, — that wisdom which " crieth at the gates " and " standeth by the way in the places of the paths," — that wisdom " which dwells with prudence, and finds out knowledge of witty inven tions ! " Behold him, with that calm, mUd, benevolent 34 266 FRANKLm statue MEMORIAL. countenance, never clouded by anger or wrinkled by Ul humor, but which beamed ever, as at this instant, with a love for his fellow-beings and "a perpetual desire to be a doer of good" to them all Behold him, children of the schools, boys and girls of Boston, bending to bestow the reward of merit upon each one of you that shall strive to improve the inesti mable advantages of our noble free schools ! Behold him, mechanics and mechanics' apprentices, holding out to you an example of dUigence, economy and virtue, and personifying the triumphant success which may await those who follow it ! Behold him, ye that are humblest and poorest in present condition or in future prospect, — lift up your heads and look at the image of a man who rose from nothing, who owed nothing to parentage or patronage, who enjoyed no advantages of early education which are not open, — a hundred fold open, — to yourselves, who performed the most menial offices in the business in which his early life was employed, but who lived to stand before kings, and died to leave a name which the world will never forget. Lift up your heads and your hearts with them, and learn a lesson of confidence and courage which shall never again suffer you to despair, — not merely of securing the means of an honest and honorable support for yourselves, but even of doing something worthy of being done for your country and for mankind ! Behold him, ye that are highest and most honorable in the mAUGURAL ORATION. 267 world's regard, judges and senators, governors and presidents, and emulate each other in copying some thing of the firmness and fidelity, something of the patient endurance and persevering zeal and comprehen sive patriotism and imperturbable kind feeling and good nature, of one who was never dizzied by eleva tion, or debauched by flattery, or soured by disappoint ment, or daunted by opposition, or corrupted by ambition, and who knew how to stand humbly and happily alike on the lowest round of obscurity, and on the loftiest pinnacle of fame ! Behold him, and listen to him, one and all, citizens, freemen, patriots, friends of liberty and of law, lovers of the constitution and the Union, as he recalls the services which he gladly performed, and the sacrifices which he generously made, in company with his great associates, in procuring for you those glorious institu tions which you are now so richly enjoying ! Listen to him, especially, as he repeats through my humble lips, and from the very autograph original which his own aged hand had prepared for the occasion, — listen to him as he pronounces those words of concUiation and true vdsdom, to which he first gave utterance sixty- nine years ago this very day, in the convention which was just finishing its labors in framing the Constitution of the United States : — "Mr. President, I confess that I do not entirely approve this constitution, but. Sir, I am not sure that 268 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORUL. I shaU never approve it. I have experienced many instances of being obliged, by better information or fuller consideration, to change opinions even on impor tant subjects, which I once thought right, but found to be otherwise. ... In these sentiments. Sir, I agree to this constitution with all its faults, if they are such. . . . I doubt, too, whether any other convention we can obtain, may be able to make a better constitution. . . . The opinions 1 have had of its errors I sacrifice to the public good. I have never whispered a syllable of them abroad. Within these walls they were born, and here they shall die. ... On the whole. Sir, I cannot help expressing a wish that every member of this con vention, who may still have objections to it, would with me on this occasion doubt a little of his own infalli- bUity, and to make manifest our unanimity, put his name to this instrument." Upon this speech, followed by a distinct motion to that effect, Hamilton and Madison, and Rufus King and Roger Sherman, and the Morrises of Pennsylvania, and the Pinckneys of South Carolina, and the rest of that august assembly, with Washington at their head, on the seventeenth day of September, 1787, subscribed their names to the constitution under which we live. And Mr. Madison tells us, that whilst the last members were signing it. Dr. Franklin, looking towards the presi dent's chair, at the back of which an image of the sun happened to be painted, observed to a few members mAUGURAL ORATION. 269 near him, that painters had found it difficult to distin guish in their art a rising from a setting sun. " 1 have (said he) often, and often in the course of the session, and of the vicissitudes of my hopes and fears as to its issue, looked at that behind the president without being able to tell whether it was rising or setting. But now at length 1 have the happiness to know that it is a rising and not a setting sun." Yes, venerated sage, privileged to live on " Till old experience did attain To something like prophetic strain," — yes, that was, indeed, a rising sun, " coming forth as a bridegroom out of his chamber, and rejoicing as a giant to run his course." And a glorious course he has run, enlightening and illuminating, not our own land only, but every land on the wide surface of the earth, -—"and there is nothing hid from the heat thereof." God, in his infinite mercy, grant that by no failure of his blessing or of our prayers, of his grace or of our gratitude, of his protection or of our patriotism, that sun may be seen, while it has yet hardly entered on its meridian pathway, shooting madly from its sphere and hastening to go down in blackness or in blood, leaving the world in darkness and freedom in despair ! And may the visible presence of the Great Bostonian, restored once more to our sight, by something more than a fortunate coincidence, in this hour of our coun- 270 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORUL. try's perU, serve not merely to ornament our streets, or to commemorate his services, or even to signalize our own gratitude, — but to impress afresh, day by day, and hour by hour, upon the hearts of every man and woman and child who shall gaze upon it, a deeper sense of the value of that Liberty, that Independence, that Union and that Constitution, for all of which he was so early, so constant, and so successful a laborer! Fellow-citizens, the statue which has now received your reiterated acclamations, owes its origin to the mechanics of Boston, and especially to the Massachu setts Charitable Mechanic Association. Or, if any for tunate word of another may be remembered as having suggested it, that word was uttered in their service, and by one who is proud to be counted among the honorary members of their fraternity. The merchants and busi ness men of our city, members of the learned pro fessions, and great numbers of all classes of the community, came nobly to their aid, and in various sums, large and small, contributed to the cost of the work. Honor and thanks to them all! But honor and thanks this day, especially, to the gifted native artist, — Richard S. Greenough, — who has so admirably conceived the character, and so ex quisitely wrought out the design, committed to him! Honor, too, to Mr. Ames, and the skillful mechanics of the foundry at Chicopee, by whom it has been so INAUGURAL ORATION. 271 successfuUy and brUUantly cast ! Nor let the Sanborns and Carews be forgotten, by whom the massive granite has been hewn, and the native verd antique so beauti fully shaped and polished. It only remains for me, fellow-citizens, as chairman of the sub-committee under whose immediate direction the statue has been designed and executed, — a service in the discharge of which I acknowledge an especial obligation to the President, Vice-President, Treasurer and Secretary of the Mechanic Association, and to Mr. John H. Thomdike and Mr. John Cowdin among its active members ; — to those eminent mechanics, invent ors and designers, Blanchard, Tufts, Smith and Hooper ; — to Dr. Jacob Bigelow, President of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences ; to Mr. Prescott, the historian; to Mr. Henry Greenough, the architect, to whom we are indebted for the design of the pedestal ; — to Mr. Thomas G. Appleton and Mr. Epes Sargent, cherished friends of art and of artists, one of them absent to-day, but not forgotten; to Edward Everett and Jared Sparks, whose names are so honorably and indissolubly associated with the noblest illustration of both Franklin and Washington ; to David Sears, among the living, and to Abbott Lawrence, among the la mented dead, whose liberal and enlightened patronage of every good work will be always fresh in the remem brance of every true Bostonian ; — it only remains for me, as the organ of a committee thus composed and 272 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. thus aided, to deliver up the finished work to my excel lent friend, Mr. Frederic W. Lincoln, Jr., who, as Chair man of the General Committee, — after the ode of welcome, written by our Boston printer-poet, James T. Fields, shall have been sung by the chUdren of the schools, — wUl designate the disposition of the statue which has been finally agreed upon in behalf of the subscribers. Sir, to you, as President of the Massachusetts Char itable Mechanic Association, and as Chairman, ex-officio, of the Committee of Fifty appointed under their aus pices, — yourself, I am glad at this hour to remember, a direct and worthy descendant of that patriot me chanic of the revolution, Paul Revere — I now present the work which your association intrusted to our charge, — hoping that it may not be counted unworthy to commemorate the great forerunner and exemplar of those intelligent and patriotic Boston mechanics, who have been for so many years among the proudest ornaments and best defenders of our beloved city, and to whom we so confidently look, not merely to promote and buUd up its material interests, but to sustain and advance its moral, religious, charitable and civil insti tutions, in all time to come ! mAUGURAL SERVICES. 273 When Hon. Mr. Winthrop, the orator, had concluded speaking and taken his seat, the air resounded with the plaudits of the highly gratified audience; and it was some considerable time before quietness was sufficiently restored for a continuation of the exercises. The ora tion, deUvered without notes, occupied an hour and a half, and was listened to with marked attention by the large concourse of persons who had assembled to par ticipate in the ceremonies of the occasion. Many times, as the speaker brought forward his different points, he was interrupted by weU deserved applause, and when he came to the portion of his address where he gave the signal for unveiling the statue, and when the bronze personification of the immortal Franklin was displayed to the anxious gaze of the witnesses, a thrill of admira tion was perceptible throughout the whole assembly, and cheers upon cheers were given, and the shouts of approbation and joy were of the most hearty and vociferous character. When the applause had subsided, and all was stUl again, the exercises were resumed by a select choir of pupUs of the public schools, who, under the direction of Mr. Charles Butler, sung the following ode, written for the occasion by James T. Fields, Esq., adapted to music by Mr. Nathaniel Richardson, and accompanied by a grand piano-forte, from the celebrated establish ment of the Messrs. Chickering. 35 274 franklin statue memorul. ODE. Grive welcome to his sculptured form ! Art's splendid triumph here is won; — Thus let him stand, in light and storm, Our sea-girt city's greatest son. His Uneage sprang from honest Toil, Swart Labor trained his youthful hand ; — High with the brave who freed our soil, — Where first he breathed let Fkanklin stand. His genius stamped the press with power; His glance the glowing future saw ; His science curbed the fiery shower; His wisdom stood with peace and law. The world his story long has shrined, — To fame his spotless deeds belong — His homely truth, his ample mind. His Saxon hate of human wrong. Room for the gray-haired patriot-sage ! For here his genial life began; Thus let him look from age to age. And prompt new thought ennobling man. The statue having been thus formally delivered up by Hon. Mr. Winthrop, Chairman of the Commitr tee on Design, Frederic W. Lincoln, Jr., Esq., the Chairman of the General Committee, and President of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, made the following address in presenting it to the city authorities. PRESENTATION ADDRESS. Fellow-citizens, — The official position which it is my fortune to sustain to the committee who have had charge of the erection of a statue to Franklin, as weU as also to that Association under whose auspices the earliest measures were taken in its behalf, seems to render it consonant with the proprieties of the occa sion that I should make a brief statement of the history of the work, before proceeding in behalf of the commit tee, to the more formal presentation of the statue to the city authorities. The interesting address to which we have just lis tened is a fitting close to the impressive words which stimulated our hearts to commence the work, and it cannot but be regarded as a happy coincidence that the same eloquent voice which was its first advocate in a public assembly, should also be the one to give an expression to the congratulations of the hour on this, its final completion. As the shaft on Bunker's Height was consecrated, at the laying of its corner stone and of its cap stone, by 276 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. the same mind — that of the Ulustrious Webster — so are we indebted, in like manner, to a single source both for the commencement and conclusion of this enterprise. It is not my province, nor is it my taste, to give compliments, but the truth should stand upon the record, and I can conceive of no impropriety even in this presence, in saying that if we are indebted to one individual more than to another for the work which is now before us, it is to that distinguished native of Boston, Robert C. Winthrop. On the evening of November twenty-ninth, 1853, in a lecture introductory to a course " on the application of science to art," before the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, after drawing a paraUel between the lives and achievements of Archimedes and Frank lin, this gentleman urged with much pertinency and force the propriety of erecting a statue of Franklin, the great Bostonian, in the city of his birth. At a meeting of the government of the Association, held at the residence of the late president, Jonas Chickering, on the evening before his lamented decease, a com mittee was appointed to take the subject into con sideration. The committee,- in their report, felt that it was unnecessary to enter into any elaborate argument in its favor ; the interest which had already been awakened in the subject by the introductory lecture, together PRESENTATION ADDRESS. 277 with the hearty response which had been made to the suggestion by the press, and from other quarters, led them to the behef that the community was fully ripe for the project. It was thought that the Association, from its peculiar character as an organization of me chanics, was the most appropriate body to commence the enterprise, and that, if they should take the initia tive steps, all classes would join in carrying it into execution. A sentiment of respect for their own char acter and reputation, no, less than a regard to the memory of Franklin, prompted them to enter with alacrity into the work. Benjamin Franklin was the most distinguished of Boston's native sons. The influence of his charac ter as a patriot and sage wiU probably be as extensive through all generations as that of any other uninspired man; and when it was recoUected that he always re garded with pride the place of his birth, and that no one has more honored the profession of a mechanic of which the association was the representative, they could not hesitate in regard to their duty in the mat ter. It was an enterprise, however, in their judgment, that should not be monopolized by any one society. Every Bostonian should be invited to unite in it. The project was one which appealed particularly to those who in the morning of their life were quickened to inteUectual activity, as a medal had been placed on exhibition day over their throbbing breasts, provided 278 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. by his generosity ; and it appealed, also, to that class of practical printers who revered him as the most honored son of their craft. It was suggested that the time for the commence ment of the enterprise was auspicious; there seemed to have been awakened recently an unusual interest in Franklin ; statuettes, paintings and engravings of him seemed to be multiplying at home and abroad, while the progress of Ameiican art had been such that a statue could be cast in bronze within the limits of our own Commonwealth equal to any executed in the foundries of the old world. It was fitting that to American hands should be committed the task. Its completion would promote patriotic feeling and incite gratitude for exalted worth. The Association, from its earhest his tory, had taken an interest in everything of a pubhc nature that needed or deserved encouragement. Their efforts in the completion of the Bunker Hill monument are well known and universally acknowledged. Nor is this the first time that they have united in a tribute to the memory of Franklin ; for, thirty years since, when the monument placed by him over the graves of his parents in the Granary burial ground, had become dilapidated by time, and the citizens of Boston pro posed to erect another more imposing in its place, the corner stone was laid by the President of the Associar tion, the Hon. Charles Wells, in the presence of the governor and the principal officers of the national, state PRESENTATION ADDRESS. 279 and city governments, after an address by the late General Henry A. S. Dearborn. The committee proposed that the Association should only commence the enterprise, leaving it to a special organization formed for the purpose to carry it into execution. They accordingly recommended that a committee should be appointed, consisting of an equal number from their own ranks and from the citizens at large, who, together with the Mayor of the city, the President of the Common Council, and the presidents of several other associations, should take the matter in hand, sohcit donations and make aU other neces sary arrangements. All these recommendations were adopted by the Association, and after appointing a committee to raise funds from among their own mem bers, the further prosecution of the work was entrusted to the new organization. This body assembled on the seventeenth of Janu ary, 1854, the one hundred and forty-eighth anni versary of Franklin's birth-day. A Sub-committee on Design and Execution was appointed, consisting of Robert C. Winthrop, Jacob Bigelow, Jared Sparks, Ed ward Everett, WUliam H. Prescott, Thomas G. Apple- ton, George G. Smith, Henry N. Hooper, Thomas Blanchard, Epes Sargent, WiUiam C. Bond, Joseph M. Wightman, and Otis Tufts. The Committee on Finance consisted of Abbott Lawrence, David Sears, George R. Russell, Nathaniel 280 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORUL. B. Shurtleff J. IngersoU Bowditch, Thomas P. Cushing, Richard Frothingham, Jr., Stephen Fairbanks, Theoph ilus R. Marvin, Osmyn Brewster, Daniel N. HaskeU, John H. Thorndike, and Charles G. King. The Presi dent, Treasurer and Secretary of the Association were invited to act as chairman, treasurer, and secretary of the committee. The organization thus being completed, the most prompt measures were taken to carry the work for ward. The successful result of the separate and joint labors of the two committees is seen in the statue before us. The Committee on Design have already reported through their chairman, and it will be use less to add anything to their report, except the ex pression which has already been made by this vast audience of unqualified approbation of their share in the work committed to them. The Finance Commit tee immediately commenced the solicitation of con tributions fi:om our principal associated bodies, from' the medal scholars and the public. The appeal met with a hberal response from aU classes of our citizens, so that before a contract was made, an amount suffi cient was raised to defray the cost of the statue and the pedestal. Arrangements have been made for the composition of the has reliefs, and artists have been engaged to design them, but the suggestion having been made that some of our leading organiza tions would like an opportunity of testifying in their PRESENTATION ADDRESS. 281 associated capacity, their interest in this memorial, this portion of the work has been postponed to await their action. The Mechanic Association having signified their de sire to fiU one panel, the model is already finished and nearly ready to be put in the hands of the founder. They have appropriately selected for representation that portion of Franklin's career in his native city when he was engaged at his trade as a printer. No doubt other societies wiU foUow their example, and fill the remaining panels with subjects Ulustrating other characteristic scenes in his eventful life. The four phases of his life, in each of which the eloquent orator of the day has so happUy Ulustrated his merits, should have a suitable memorial on the four sides of the pedestal upon which his statue rests. Franklin, the mechanic, the phUosopher, the patriot, the ambassador, have each a special story to tell to complete this monument, which we would consecrate to his exalted worth. The labors of the committee have been of a most gratifying character, cheered and encouraged as they have been by the whole community. The only melan choly thought that has intruded upon the congratula tions of this occasion, is from the fact that some of our warmest and most devoted colleagues at the commence ment are not present with us to witness its conclusion. Mr. Thomas P. Cushing and Mr. KimbaU Gibson died 282 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. soon after the committee was organized. Our late lamented fellow-citizen, Mr. Abbott Lawrence, entered with his usual alacrity and characteristic zeal into the work, and, as chairman of the finance committee, did much to ensure the success of the undertaking. He looked forward to this hour with much interest, and guaranteed that no pecuniary aid should be wanting to make it worthy of the character of Boston, or a fitting memorial of its distinguished son. Franklin was a man of the people. In the historical annals of the past no one has more nobly illustrated the virtues of the humblest position, or has filled more creditably the highest stations of honor. Whether we see him in the performance of the drudgery of a printer's apprentice in Boston, or as receiving the adu lation of the titled in the briUiant saloons at Versailles, he still preserves the beautiful simplicity of his char acter. His example has inspired the hearts of the great mass of the people, and has stirred a spirit of emulation which has formed the characters of thou sands who have in their turn, in their day and gener ation, elevated the race to which they belong. Art looks to wealth in a great measure for the reward of its genius, and one of the responsibUities of the rich is to foster and encourage it for the public welfare : but the crowning significance of the great work of art which we this day inaugurate, is that it PRESENTATION ADDRESS. 283 came from all classes of the people. No large donation aided in its erection, but its cost is defrayed from the voluntary contributions of thousands. It would be idle for me to add anything to the elaborate analysis that has already been presented of Franklin's life and career. In the degree that his char acter and services are examined, the more exalted will be our appreciation of him. I must confess that untU recently I had comparatively but a feeble estimate of his true merits. I had considered him, to be sure, as an Ulustrious example of one who sprung from the humblest walks, yet became a companion of kings, wielding by his influence the destinies of nations. His services in preparing the minds of our fathers for the important steps that led to the revolutionary era, his active participation in its stirring events, and, when the cause was almost lost, his mission to Europe to secure the cooperation of the French court have never been fuUy valued. It was his personal influence and popularity that secured France as our aUy in that desperate condition of our affairs. His practical states manship moulded our most cherished poUtical institu tions. His discoveries in science would have made him distinguished even if they had been his only field of effort. His numerous plans for the systematic organ ization of charity have hallowed his name as one of the first of philanthropists; his life-long devotion to the profession of his boyhood has added a dignity to the 284 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. mechanic arts, whUe his sententious maxims and homely proverbs have become household words wherever the Enghsh language is spoken. It is only in this last par ticular that his merits have been questioned, for it has been said that his system of morals tends to parsimony, and that the frugality he inculcated was but another name for the hoarding of wealth ; but such is not the fact, economy with him was united to a judicious hber- ality. If he said " A penny saved is a penny earned," he also said that " We must save that we may share." Herder, the celebrated German writer, predicted " that the eighteenth century would be known in his tory as the age of Washington and Frankhn." Both of them commenced and finished their career during that century, both were united in the same grand events which distinguished that age, and both have come down to us, and wUl go down to succeeding gen erations, renowned as historical characters, and sharing almost in an equal degree the affections of the people. Art has already symbolized the presence of the one, and his statue in marble stands enthroned within the walls of the capitol ; to-day the other appears in bronze in our thronged streets and in our marts of business, significant of that practical character which was his highest merit. One of our own most gifted divines has recently said " that we are educated by our admirations ; by our admiration of persons ; individuals and nations are edu- PRESENTATION ADDRESS. 285 cated by the great men they propose to themselves for models." If this is the truth, — and who will deny it, — what should our people become with such examplars before them. Let us cherish their memories and emu late their virtues, thereby elevating our own standard of character. Mr. Mayor, in the name and by the authority of those who have contributed to its erection, I give up this statue to you, as the chief magistrate of this city. It is to the people of this metropolis that it belongs, and to their chosen rulers we consign its cus tody. It wUl exist long after the present inhabitants have mingled with their kindred dust, and is a legacy of the present generation to those who shall succeed them. It is weU in these eventful days that the fathers of the republic should again make their appearance in some tangible form. They will remind us of their sac rifices in our behalf, and stimulate us to cling more closely to the rich blessings they have bequeathed to us. Let this statue be consecrated on this spot which has been dedicated to our municipal legislation, remind ing our public servants of the integrity which should guide their acts, and of that immaculate virtue which is the only safety in conducting public affairs. Let a portion of the same zeal and interest which has distin guished the present government in their arrangements for the reception of the statue be employed by theh 286 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORUL. successors in its safe keeping and preservation; then will the wishes of the donors be realized, and Franklin's name and Franklin's fame wiU be secure as long as the place of his birth has a name in history. Mr. Lincoln, who had been very cordially greeted when he rose, also received the prolonged acclamations of the immense crowd, when he ceased speaking. He wore upon his dress the badges of several associations with which he was connected, conspicuous among which was that of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic As sociation, of which he was the presiding officer, and also of the Committee of Fifty of which he was chair man. The address was listened to with profound atten tion, the audience occasionally expressing their pleas ure and approbation of the performance, and also their approval of the acts of the committee, in a man ner decidedly complimentary. His Honor, Alexander H. Rice, Mayor of the City, then arose, and having been duly announced, and received in a most flattering manner, delivered the following address, accepting, in behalf of the City of Boston, the future custody and charge of the statue. ADDRESS OF RECEPTION. Mr. President and Fellow-citizens, — The duty which devolves upon me, in pursuance of the ceremonies of this august occasion, is simple, brief and responsive. The eloquent tribute which has just been paid to the genius and character of him whom we delight to desig nate as the Great Bostonian, and to which you. Sir, have alluded in terms of just and ungarnished compli ment, has prepared us for a more adequate apprecia tion of the theme and of the appropriateness of this splendid memorial. To have originated a project so meritorious in its character, one which has met the unqualified and uni versal approval of a great community, is a distinction which weU comports with a reputation for liberal endowments, elegant culture, and honorable deeds in the public service. That noble institution which you so ably represent, and which is identified with much that is patriotic and commemorative in our community, has added, by this distinguished and appropriate offer ing, a new bond of interest in its objects and character. 288 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. and is justly entitled to the thanks of every citizen of Boston. The institution, moreover, was fortunate in adding to the practical wisdom and skUl which are con centrated in its own organization, the counsel and coop eration of those who are cheerfully acknowledged among us as standards of authority in matters per taining to artistic genius and taste; while the list of more than two thousand subscribers to the cost of the statue, indicates the magnanimity which allowed the general public to participate in the lasting honor of aiding so noble an enterprise. There is a charming interest in the associations of the. day and of the occasion. It is our municipal birth day ; and the gift which is now before us may seem to partake somewhat of the delicate and peculiar nature of those offerings which pass between persons sustain ing tender and intimate relations to each other, on the recurrence of like interesting anniversaries. What worthier birth-day offering to this noble city than the statue of her greatest native son? Nor is this the only association worthy of remembrance. This day marks the anniversary of another event scarcely to be regarded as secondary to any in our municipal history, — the laying of the corner stone of the buUding for our public library, — that noble institution which forms the Culmination of our system of free instruction, — on which occasion the same eloquent voice which has to-day been enlisted in the service of art, made a like ADDRESS OF RECEPTION. 289 acceptable performance in the service of letters. But it is also delightful to every liberal mind to be able to look beyond our own confines for concurring incidents, and to find them linking to the present occasion asso ciations of a national character. It certainly must be a fitting pleasure to us all, to remember that the com mencement of our municipal existence, the foundation of our public Ubrary building, and the erection of our first great statue, aU took place on the same day of the same month on which our federal constitution was adopted. The annals of our city are enriched by the record of the birth of the Ulustrious Franklin; the annals of our country, by the record of his pubhc ser vices ; and the annals of mankind, by the record of his wisdom and philanthropy. That his personal connection with our city ceased at so early a period, must be regarded as a calamity to our local history ; but he has himself left a perennial token of attachment to his early home, and of grati tude for its care and patronage of his dawning genius. He says in his wUl : " I was born in Boston, in New England, and owe my first instructions in literature to the free grammar schools established there; I there fore give one hundred pounds sterling to my executors, to be by them, the survivors or survivor of them, paid over to the managers or directors of the free schools in my native town of Boston, to be by them or those per son or persons who shall have the superintendence and 37 290 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORUL. management of said schools, put out at interest forever, which interest annually shall be laid out in silver medals, and given as honorary rewards annually by the directors of said free schools for the encouragement of scholarship in the said schools belonging to said town, in such manner as to the selectmen of said town shall seem meet." It was in pursuance of the conditions of this dona tion that the practice of awarding medals to meritorious scholars in our public schools commenced, as early as the year 1792. This practice has been continued with out interruption to the present time, and the medals which have been derived from the interest of the " one hundred pounds sterUng," have ever been designated as the FRANKLm Medals. Among the recipients of these tokens have been many who obtained honorable dis tinction in after life, and thus fulfiUed the promise which attended the success of their first intellectual efforts ; and how many others have been led to posi tions of usefulness and honor, who might have faUen far below their actual attainments, without the stimulus which these little mementoes have afforded, can be estimated best by those who appreciate that common attribute of our nature, which, especially in the young, requires something more than the consciousness of accomplished duty as an incentive to protracted exer tion. How full of deep suggestion and touching pathos is the spectacle which has been exhibited to-day, of ADDRESS OF RECEPTION. 291 the recipients of these honorable tokens, marching in lengthened column, section after section, year by year, in consecutive generations covering more than the ordi nary life of man, each one adorned with the trophy of his youthful toU, and bearing before the image of his benefactor a life-long tribute of veneration and grati tude. The Franklin medals, the spot where he was born, the scenes of his early service and apprenticeship, and the graves of his father and mother, are all the palpable memorials which we have hitherto possessed, to remind us of the intimate relations which he once sustained to those who have preceded us, in this city of our homes. Beyond these, we divide the local honors of his fame with those who shared the compan ionship of his later years, and with their successors.. The life of a great man is a treasure to a nation; it leaves its impress in characteristic deeds and senti ments upon the generations following him. For it is the destiny assigned by Providence that the vast multi tude of men shaU stand upon the great plains of society, where the undulations of distinction are so slight as to present them to remote, and even to nearer observers, as ranging at a common level. It is only at long intervals, and as if by a miracle of Nature, that the human powers appear in their diviner forms, and lift their capacities to those elevations from which they gaze steadily upon the great field of truth stretching onward and backward beneath the whole firmament of 292 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. time, and making its boundaries only on the eternal shores. When left to the unbridled sway of human passion, these powers become the resistless enginery which works revolution, destruction and dismay ; but, fraught with loftier aims, theirs is the Archimedean power which lifts and sways the world. The high ven eration which accompanies the name of Franklin, is due, not to the briUiant achievements which have in aU ages constituted the basis of political or military renown, but to those higher philosophic powers, which foster genius, develop art, illuminate science, ennoble society, and transfuse the spirit of progress through the race. He brought no distinction with his birth. Fame wreathed no garland for his infant brow ; Wealth strewed no golden luxuries in his early pathway ; but whUe he pursued the course of his earthly pUgrimage, solving the problems of common Ufe by the mysterious alchemy of unfolding truth, he entered, as if uncon sciously, a sublimer sphere wherein there rose about him a transcending glory, which shall linger forever in tints softer than the phosphorescence of the sea, but pure and changeless as the stars. To perpetuate the memory of such a man is to preserve the influence of his virtues and prolong the acts of his life ; it is to stimulate the ambition of the young by the potency of living example, and to raise the standard of those who aspire to distinction through deeds of beneficence to their race. ADDRESS OF RECEPTION. 293 In the catalogue of means employed by the wisest and purest nations of the earth, monumental repre sentations are known to have been among the most ancient and influential in nourishing and perpetuating the characteristics of men and of events ; and as it is the good fortune of our city to enjoy this opportu nity so favorable to the imitation of their example, so auspicious to virtue, to science, to the common arts, to statemanship, to pure humanity, this statue — the first of its kind ever erected within her bor ders — unrivaUed in the perfection of its execution and in the faithful presentment of the Ulustrious dead, worthUy receives this brilUant and unequalled pageant. In the name and in behalf of the government and people of Boston, Mr. President, I receive at your hands the care and custody of this statue of Benjamin Franklin, to stand forever in front of the City Hall, with sufficient safeguards to protect it from decay and common casualties. No words of thanks are nec essary; none are adequate. This mighty concourse of people, embracing civil and judicial functionaries, princely merchants, intelligent and hardy mechanics, citizen soldiery, and the gallant protectors of life and property from flames ; the schools and their graduates, members of scientific, literary, charitable, fraternal, mercantile and mechanical associations ; people of every rank, of every age — I might almost truthfiUly 294 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. say, of every nation — have converted a day of com mon toil into a great festival of genius and art, and borne hither their tribute to the great man's memory, and to you their abounding thanks. Here shall the statue stand, the immediate object of municipal pro tection ; the sun shall illuminate it by day ; the pensive stars shall keep its vigils by night. Innocent childhood shall henceforth surround it with prattling inquiries; generous youth shall kindle before it with enthusiasm, with resolution, with hope ; and virtuous age shall bid it close the vista of life, bringing consolation for the past in the hope of remembrance in posterity. It shall be a sUent mentor to those who keep the public weal, a stimulus to duty, a solace to wearisome care, a shame to unfaithfulness. In times of peace it shaU be like the harbinger of prosperity, and amidst the strife of contending sentiment, or the direful calamity of war, like the images of the fathers rising in the midst of the Roman populace and leading it to peace, or stimulating it for victory, so may this image of the ennobling sage restore the calmness of reason or pre pare for triumph. Thanking you, fellow-citizens, for the cordial unan imity, energy, and liberality with which you have undertaken your respective parts in the splendid and imposing ceremonies of this day, and mingling my joyous emotions with yours over the brilliant success which has crowned your endeavors, 1 also invoke your mAUGURAL SERVICES. 295 gratitude to that Power which has brought us hitherto as a people in so great prosperity. Refreshed by the contemplation of the character of the great Bostonian, whom mankind have honored as a common benefactor, may we, at every sight of this beautiful memorial, renew our recollection of his life and that of his immortal compeers ; so that cling ing, ourselves, to the same nobUity of purpose, and imbued with admiration of their ineffable virtues, we may vie with each other and with them in patriotic devotion to our beloved city, to her honor, her happi ness, her prosperity ; and " even as with the fathers, so may God be with us." When His Honor the Mayor had concluded, and the concourse of spectators had allowed their applause to subside, the masonic ceremonies of the inauguration of the statue were commenced by the Grand Lodge of Freemasons of Massachusetts, under' their Grand Mas ter, WmsLOW Lewis, M.D., assisted by other grand offi cers of the Grand Lodge. The masonic brethren, being in the fourth division of the procession, did not arrive at the scene of action untU Hon. Mr. Win throp had made considerable progress in the delivery of his oration. The Grand Lodge, accompanied by the De Molay Encampment of Knights Templars, who 296 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORUL. acted by invitation as a body guard, in honor of the memory of the most distinguished member of the order, having coUected around the statue, the Grand Master addressed His Honor the Mayor, as follows : — Mr. Mayor, — It is a custom, and surely now a time- honored one, that corner-stones of pubhc structures should be laid by the fraternity of Freemasons. Our national and state capitols, our great commemorative monuments, were thus commenced. And for the cere monial of this day, we have a recent precedent in the inauguration of the statue of our late brother Henry Clay, at New Orleans, where it was duly observed, — a ceremonial which on this occasion, is necessarily brief and simple ; for here the structure is complete and finished, and aU that devolves on us, is to pronounce it well done. We have here gathered together in a two-fold relar tion; to unite with this vast concourse of our feUow- citizens in adding our homage to the memory of an Ulustrious patriot and phUosopher ; and also, as a dis tinct society, to pay .our tribute to one, who through a long and active hfe, was a devoted, zealous and much attached brother of this order. In 1734, at the early age of twenty-eight, he was Grand Master of Penn sylvania; and in 1787, when near the close of his valued life, he affiliated himself as member of a lodge in Paris, over which the great astronomer Lalande mAUGURAL SERVICES. 297 presided. But I forbear, after so much has been said, and so well said, to enlarge on the topic, and have only to add, that he who drew the physical spark firom heaven, also made more active and warmly cultivated, that moral electricity which connects man with his brother man, and which should enchain aU in one com mon brotherhood. For this, therefore, we gather here to-day; and may our grand principles of brotherly love and friendship pervade the world. [Having directed his officers to apply the square, level and plumb, and they having reported that the craftsmen had well and truly performed their work, the Grand Master continued:] I declare this structure true, trusty and well formed. Long may it stand an enduring monument of the grati tude, taste and liberality of the metropoUs of New England. An arrangement having been made that at the com mencement of the inaugural oration an announce ment of the fact should be communicated by magnetic telegraph to the mayors of various cities, and also to many of the principal functionaries in different parts 298 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. of the American continent. His Honor the Mayor read aloud to the audience the following responses, which he had received during the progress of the exercises; and which were received with the greatest imaginable satis faction and delight by the vast assemblage within the inclosure in front of the City Hall. Halifax, N. S. Sept. 17. To Mayor of Boston. Could the great philosopher whose statue you are this day inaugurating, and whose original and comprehensive mind suggested the idea of drawing Ughtning from the clouds, now behold the wonderful and useful progress which electricity has been made to sub serve, he would heartily rejoice that his efforts in the promotion of the arts and sciences have been so triumphantly pursued, and that the intel ligence of the present age has applied to such noble and serviceable purposes that power he discovered. Akchibald Scott, Mayor of Halifax. New York, Sept. 17. To His Honor the Mayor. Forever honored be the citizens of Boston. The statue of Franklin now stands in remembrance of one of the greatest men of the revolution, and who wUl ever live in the hearts of his coun trymen. Isaac 0. Baeker, Acting Mayor. Troy, N. T., Sept. 17. To the Mayor of Boston — Greeting. Benjamin Franklin, the great Printer and Statesman — May his virtues be commemorated in the hearts of his countrymen, while they regard with sacred reverence the natal day of the constitution of our glorious country. The Matok of Tkot. Dover, N. H., Sept. 17. To Hon. A. H. Rice. The City of Dover tenders her respects for Benjamin Frankhn. Andrew Pierce, Mayor. mAUGURAL SERVICES. 299 Philadelphia, Sept. 17. To His Honor the Mayor of Boston. R. Vaux, Mayor of Philadel phia, sends to the Hon. A. H. Eice, Mayor of Boston, the following sentiment : Benjamin Franklin — PhUadelphia claims a share in the renown of him whose name is identified with American liberty, learning, and lightning. New Haven, Gonn., Sept. 17. Mayor of Boston : — I should be happy to unite with you in your festival if in my power. Permit me to propose as a sentiment for the occasion : Benjamin Franklin. — His fame belongs to New England ; the honor of properly perpetuating it to Boston. p. g. Galpin, Mayor. Albany, Sept. 17. To His Honor the Mayor of Boston : — The Mayor of Albany con gratulates the Mayor and the citizens of Boston upon the event of establishing in their midst another lasting monument to the virtues of the Mechanic, the PhUosopher, the Patriot — Franklin. As he taught them to divert the lightning stroke, may the citizens of Boston shield his virtues from forgetfulness, and the memory of his greatness fi-om aU detraction. Eli Perry, Mayor. Bridgeport, Conn., Sept. 17. To His Honor the Mayor of Boston. Please offer the foUowing senti ment for Bridgeport : Benjamin FrankUn — The Statesman and Philosopher ; his name assures us that throughout the world the purest liberty shall yet adorn the highest civilization. p. C. Calhoun, Mayor. Springfield, Sept. 17. To the Mayor of Boston. Springfield greets Boston on this aus picious occasion. May the statue endure forever, as wiU the memory of the iUustrious man it represents in the hearts of the American people. Mayor of Springfield. 300 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. Baltimore, Sept. 17. Mayor of Boston. Dispatch received. Interesting occasion. In memory of him who worked the lever by which the minds of men are swayed and influenced more than by any other agency, namely, the press ; and who first made known the mighty power of electricity; by which means the thoughts of men are transmitted, with Ughtning speed firom one extreme of this vast repubUc to the other. Glorious event, worthy of the sons of the old Bay State. Mayor of Baltimore. Pittsfleld, Sept. 17. To His Honor the Mayor of Boston. You do us honor overmuch. We are a rural town as yet, without a mayor ; but the " Old Elm" of Pittsfleld Park sends greetings to the " Old Elm" of Boston Common, and to His Honor the Mayor of Boston, while the western borders of Massachusetts claims her share in the glory which FrankUn shed over the old Commonwealth, and haUs his Ulustrious birth-place and his new statue. Xhj; Qld Elm of Pittsfield. Springfield, Sept. 17. To His Honor the Mayor of Boston. The operators of the American Telegraph Company of Springfleld offer the foUowing sentiment : Benjamin Franklin — The Christian, Patriot, Statesman, and Philoso pher. May we imitate his virtues — emulate his patriotism and honor his memory as long as the universal statue to his genius, the electric telegraph, shall continue to bless mankind. Albany, Sept. 17. To His Honor the Mayor of Boston. May the memory of the life of Franklin stimulate the Bostonians to emulate his character and culti vate his virtues. Pkom the Mayor of Albany. Portland, Sept. 17. To the Mayor of Boston. The City of Portland bows also to the great apostle of science and liberty. James T. McCobb, Mayor. mAUGURAL SERVICES. 301 Hartford, .Conn., Sept. 17. To the Mayor of Boston. The usefiil arts. In Frankhn's own lan guage — He that hath a trade, hath an estate. — He that hath a caUing, bath an office of honor and profit. H. C. Deming, Mayor of Hartford. Middletown, Conn., Sept. 18. To the Mayor of Boston. AU honor to the memory of FrankUn. The statue you have inaugurated is a beautifiU and deserved tribute to his character as a phUosopher, and his many virtues as a man and a patriot ; may it long stand as a monument of the inteUigence and Uber ality of the people of your noble city. Edwin F. Johnson, Mayor. After His Honor the Mayor had read aloud these responses, and three hearty cheers had been given for the statue, the whole assembly, led by the school chil dren, joined in singing the following doxology, to the tune of " Old hundred " : — From aU that dweU below the skies, Let the Creator's praise arise ; Let the Redeemer's name he sung, Through every land, by every tongue. Eternal are thy mercies. Lord ; Eternal truth attends thy word ; Thy praise shaU sound from shore to shore, TiU suns shaU rise and set no more. At about twenty minutes past five o'clock in the afternoon, the inaugural services were closed by the Right Reverend Manton Eastburn, Bishop of the dio cese of Massachusetts, who pronounced the following 302 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. BENEDICTION. The peace of God, which passeth all understanding, keep your hearts and minds in the knowledge and love of God, and of his Son Jesus Christ our Lord : And the blessing of God Almighty, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, be amongst you, and remain with you always. Amen. The inaugural exercises having been concluded, and the statue having been thoroughly inspected from all points of view, the gratified assembly retired from the enclosure, a portion of the concourse to their quiet homes, whUe some hastened to witness the trial of skill exhibited by the fire department on the Common, and others reassembled in different places, to partake of the various private entertainments which were numerously given in honor of the occasion, or to listen to the dis course by the Rev. Dr. Chapin, before the members of the Mercantile Library Association and others, in the Tremont Temple. Before closing this account of the exercises, it is worthy of notice that among many of the interesting reminiscences of Frankhn which were observable on the occasion of the inauguration of the statue, the orator exhibited to the audience a volume of the mAUGURAL SERVICES. 303 original almanacs which Franklin published in Phila delphia, under the name of Richard Saunders, the same which are most generally known as Poor Rich ard's Almanacs, and which were placed in his hands, as he ascended the platform, by John P. Eliot, Esq. Mr. Winthrop also had with him the original draft of Franklin's famous speech, delivered when the Consti tution of the United States was adopted, loaned for the purpose by Hon. Jared Sparks, the present owner of the curious treasure, the production of which drew from the audience peals of applause. To heighten the interest of the day, a few venerable persons were present who wore the identical medals which were awarded to them when they were first distributed in accordance with the wiU of Franklin. Everything connected with the exercises was of a very satisfactory character, and much credit is due to Famham Plummer, Esq., Chairman of the Committee of Arrangements, to Col. NeweU A. Thompson, the Chief Marshal of the procession, and to J. Thomas Stevenson, Esq., the marshal of the enclosure, for the comfortable and orderly manner in which the whole affair was conducted. CLOSE OF THE FESTIVAL. CLOSE OF THE FESTIVAL. PARADE AND DISPLAY OF THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. The Boston Fire Department, comprising twelve engine, three hook and ladder, and five hydrant companies, after having assembled, on the morning of the seven teenth of September, at eight o'clock, and having been formed into hne in the Tremont Street Mall, for inspection by the city government, joined the procession, as has already been described, and made a very handsome appearance. At about three o'clock in the afternoon the trial of skill commenced. For this purpose, the westerly end of the pond in the Common, and a large space west of it, was set off" by ropes and guarded by police ; and platr forms were erected for the engines. All of the promi nent places for viewing the show were occupied by numerous spectators, who from time, as anything pecu liarly striking occurred, sent forth tremendous shouts of encouragement and applause. The engines were admitted one at a time, and were supplied with water 308 FRANKLIN STATUE MEMORIAL. from the pond. The leading hose used, and through which water was forced, was three hundred feet in length, — one portion leading into a tank capable of containing two thousand gallons, while another termi nated in a pipe, from which water was ejected in a horizontal direction, for the purpose of ascertaining how long a stream each company could throw by means of its engine. Each company began the trial by throwing horizontally, through the whole length of the hose; and subsequently filled the tank with water through the same hose by a change of adjust ment. In the case of each engine the horizontal dis tance was measured, and the time occupied in fiUing the tank noted. The first prize, a beautiful sUver trumpet, valued at two hundred and fifty dollars, the property of the city, was to be awarded to the company who should fill the tank in the shortest space of time, through the three hundred feet of hose, and a pipe of one and a half inch bore, at the same time drawing water from the pond. The second prize was also a silver trumpet, and was to be awarded to the engine company that should throw the greatest distance horizontally, through two hundred and fifty feet of hose, and through such a pipe as should be selected by the Chief Engineer of the Boston Fire Department. The foUowing persons served as judges in the trial of the engines : — Captains James Quinn, John C. Hub- CLOSE OF THE FESTIVAL. 309 bard, George S. Thom, of Boston, and Samuel P. Train, Chief Engineer of Roxbury. The following table exhibits the results of this trial ; namely, the distances which the water was horizontally thrown, and the time of filhng the tank by the several engine companies : DISTANCE. TIME. 1st. Boston, Nb. 8, 150 feet. 11 min. 45 sec 2d. Tiger, No. 7, 170 6 " 3d. Eagle, No. 3, 175 ' 2 " 4th. Perkins, No. 2, 153 ' 54 " 5th. Extinguisher, No. 5, 180 ' H" 6th. Maverick, No. 9, 148 ' 42 " 7th. Barnicoat, No. 11, 145 ' 15 " 8th. Mazeppa, No. 1, 158 ' 26 " 9th. MelvUl, No. 6, 140 ' 55 " 10th. Dunbar, No. 10, 155 5 " 11th. Cataract, No. 4, 163 ' 50 " 12th. Tremont, No. 12, 135 ' 49 " The first prize was obtained by the Eagle Engine Company, who wUl retain the city trumpet for one year, or untU they are beaten in a subsequent annual trial by some other company. The second prize was awarded to the Extinguisher Engine Company. The Hydrant Companies also contended for two prizes: — The first, a silver trumpet, which was to be awarded to the company who shoiUd in the shortest space of time, start from the corner of Tremont and Boylston Street, with their carriage, and run through 310 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. Charles Street, to the hydrant at the corner of Bea con and Charles Streets, attach their hose, run out five hundred feet thereof, and discharge water through their pipe. The second prize, a sUver trumpet, was to be awarded to the company who should perform the above duty in the next shortest time. For this trial, Messrs. John R. Mullin and Alvin Vinal, of Boston, E. A. Costigan, Assistant Engineer of Charlestown, and David A. Tucker, were appointed judges. The result of the trial, which took place at about five o'clock in the afternoon, was as follows : TIME. 1st. Washington, No. 1, 3 min. 40 sec. 2d. Union, No. 2, 3 " 40 " 3d. Franklin, No. 3, 3 " 55 " 4th. SuffoUj, No. 5, 4 " 00 " 5th. Deluge, No. 6, 3 " 45 " The first prize was awarded to Washington Hydrant Company, and the second to Union Hydrant Com pany. This portion of the day's performance was witnessed with much interest, and in some cases with excessive enthusiasm, and was productive of much amusement, and gave great satisfaction to those who were able to behold this grand display, and unexampled exhibition of the skill, energy and perseverance of the unrivaUed fire department of Boston. CLOSE OF THE FESTIVAL. 311 After the awards were made the various companies put up their apparatus and spent the remaining part of the evening in social and complimentary entertain ments. ILLUMINATIONS. In some places the Uluminations during the evening were remarkably effective. This was especially true in regard to the City Hall, which was prepared for this purpose with gas pipes and innumerable jets and burners, extending over the whole front of the build ing. The main front was lighted with jets of fire in the form of a square, in the top of which was placed, in large letters, "September 17;" beneath this the name of FrankUn was apparent on an arch, and a star placed at each end. In the centre of the arch were masonic symbols, the square and compasses, and under these " 1856." The other wings of the building were illuminated ia a simUar manner, with stars and repre sentations of oak leaves in the centre of each square. The building presented a beautUul and brUliant appear ance, and attracted a large number of delighted specta tors. The same show was made several evenings ; and with the excellent music which was provided by the city, afforded much pleasure to a large number of indi viduals. Many of the houses in Dover Street were hand somely illuminated, and with the magnificent decora- 312 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORLO,. tions, which have already been described, and the instrumental music which was most liberaUy provided, reflected great credit upon the patriotic residents of that street, who have so often made simUar displays on like occasions. Fireworks, on a most extensive scale, were exhibited by Messrs. Sanderson & Lanergan at the agricultural grounds at the south part of the city ; among which was an ideal representation of the storming and de struction of Sebastopol by the aUied armies. ENTERTAINMENTS. Throughout the day and evening very many of the public spirited citizens of Boston kept open houses for the reception of friends, and for the entertainment of those who had taken part in the various proceedings of the day. The numerous associations and delega tions, in general, assembled at different places, and passed the remaining hours of the day in friendly intercourse and rational enjoyments. Previous to the formation of the procession, the aids and assistant marshals met in Boylston Street, at the house of Col. Thompson, the Chief Marshal, and there partook of a breakfast provided by the generous host ; after which they proceeded on horseback, in grand array, to head quarters, and thence to their appointed places of duty. CLOSE OF THE FESTIVAL. 313 The Chief Marshal and his numerous aids and assistants, together with those who had been particu larly active throughout the day in carrying out the arrangements of the Committee, had a repast and social reunion at the Tremont House, where they en joyed themselves in a becoming manner, after the completion of their arduous and fatiguing duties. The Knights Templars belonging to the two En campments in Boston gave a magnificent banquet in Horticultural Hall, to the Grand Lodge, and to the dis tinguished members of the fraternity from various parts of the United States who had visited them for the purpose of being present at the ceremonies of inauguration. By invitation of Hon. George W. Crockett, a collar tion was given at his house in Pemberton Square to the Franklin medal scholars, at which many distin guished citizens were present partaking of the liberality of their host, and recurring with much pleasure to the early associations of their youth, when they received rewards as well as instruction from the public schools through the enlightened liberality of Franklin. The operatives of the Ames Manufacturing Com pany, from Chicopee, were entertained in Chapman Hall, and they visited the Boston Theatre in the even ing by invitation of Mr. Thomas Barry, the lessee. The City Government of Salem partook of a sump tuous dinner at the Revere House, as did, at different 40 314 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. places, other municipal delegations, who visited Boston on this occasion. Among the military and fire companies the social entertainments on the evening of the seventeenth of September were very numerous, and of a highly agree able character. All the places of amusement were thronged in the evening, especiaUy the museum and theatres, which were crowded to excess by the sight-seeing visitors from abroad. Thus happily terminated the greatest pageant and most brUliant fete ever witnessed within the city of Boston, nothing having transpired that was in any degree unfavorable to the undertaking. The day was of itself one of the most charming of the season, the weather being as mild and delightful as could have been desired. On the morning of the seventeenth of September, at sunrise, the sky was extremely clear and exceedingly fine, the barometer indicating the weight of the atmos phere standing at 30.14 ; but during the middle of the day it was somewhat cloudy, and at night completely so ; yet the temperature was very agreeable through out the whole of the day. A gentle wind from north- north-west to south-west in the forenoon, and from south-west to south-south-west in the afternoon and CLOSE OF THE FESTIVAL. 315 evening added much to the comfort experienced by every one. At sunrise the thermometer stood at 50 i degrees, at half past two o'clock in the afternoon at 75i degrees, and at nine o'clock in the evening at 63 i degrees. The number of spectators was immense, good humor everywhere prevaUing j the arrangements were most admirably and perfectly made and carried out; the exercises and ceremonies were such as to excite the greatest degree of interest, which was amply gratified; the procession and decorations were in a high degree imposing; and the final results were of the most pleasing and satisfactory character. Perhaps never before was there a greater combination of favor able circumstances than were apparent throughout the whole affair; and certainly, the event will ever be recurred to by those who were favored with witnessing it, with a most pleasant and agreeable retrospect. As the day commenced with the loud pealing of church bells, and the stunning noise of heavy artillery so was it brought to a close in the same holiday man ner, according to good old New England custom. To the Committee of Arrangements, and to the Chief Marshal of the procession, too much praise can not be awarded for the very felicitous conception and execution of the plan by which the whole affair was so triumphantly achieved. FINAL PROCEEDINGS. FINAL PEOCEEDINGS. proceedings or the city council. At a meeting of the Board of Aldermen, held at City HaU, on Monday, the twenty-ninth day of September, A.D. 1856, the foUowing resolutions, offered by Alder man Joseph M. Wightman, were unanimously passed, and were subsequently concurred in by the Common Council, and approved by His Honor the Mayor. Resolved, — That the Committee of Arrangements express the thanks of the City CouncU to Hon. Robert C. WmTHROP, Frederic W. LmcoLN, Jr., Esq., and his Honor the Mayor, for their eloquent addresses on the occasion of the inauguration of the statue of Benjamin Franklin on the seventeenth instant, and request copies of the same for publication. Resolved, — That the thanks of the City Council be presented to James T. Fields, Esq., for his appropriate and highly acceptable ode ; and to the reverend gentle men who officiated at the ceremony of the inauguration. 320 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. Resolved, — -That the thanks of the City Govern ment be presented to the Chief Marshal, Col. Newell A. Thompson, his aids and assistant marshals for the able and efficient manner in which their duties were performed on the seventeenth instant. Resolved, — That the thanks of the City Govern ment be tendered to Brigadier General Andrews, the officers and troops of the First Brigade, First Division, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, and to the Ancient and Honorable ArtUlery Company for the gratifying manner in which the escort duty was performed on that occasion. Resolved, — That the thanks of the City Govern ment be presented to the representatives of the Me chanical Trades of Boston, — to the Masonic Fraternity, — to the Medal Scholars, — to the several Scientific, Philanthropic, and Literary Associations, — to the Fire Department, — and to Professor Charles Butler and the pupils of the public schools, to whom the City Government are so much indebted for their aid in doing honor to the memory of Franklin in the city of his birth. Resolved, — That the Committee of Arrangements, in conjunction with the Committee on the Frankhn Statue, be requested to prepare a historical statement of the proceedings connected with the erection of the statue, and cause such number of copies to be printed as they may deem expedient. FmAL PROCEEDmOS. 321 proceedings OP the COMMITTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS. At a meeting of the Committee of Arrangements of the City Council on the inauguration of the statue of Frankhn, in conjunction with a sub-committee who rep resented the Committee of Fifty that procured the statue, held on the third day of November, A.D. 1856, on motion of William Parkman, Esq., it was Voted,— That Nathaniel B. Shurtief^ M.D., be in vited to compUe and prepare a complete and full historical account of the Franklin Statue, together with the account of the inaugural ceremonies. Voted, — That Mayor Rice, Alderman Brewster, and Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, be a committee with full powers to procure a suitable plate to embellish the account of the celebration of the inauguration of the Frankhn Statue, and they be authorized to superintend the printing of the historical account of said cere monies. presentation TO the CHIEE MARSHAL. The aids and assistant marshals, impressed with a grateful sense of the successful manner in which the procession in honor of Franklin was conducted on the seventeenth of September, and as a mark of esteem for their energetic and efficient Chief Marshal, and also as a memento of the event, on the thirteenth day of February, A.D. 1857, presented to Colonel Thompson 322 FRANKLm STATUE MEMORIAL. an elegant miniature statue of Franklin, carefully re duced to a proper size, and skillfully executed in pure silver. The silver statue is about seven and a half inches in height, and the pedestal, formed of the same mate rial, nine and a half inches. In addition to copies of the inscriptions which appear on the original stone pedestal, the following is engraved on the base : — "This fac simile of the statue of Franklin, which was inaugurated on the 17th September, 1856, is presented to Newell A. Thompson, Chief Marshal on that occa sion, as a token of regard and commemoration of that event, by his aids and assistant marshals whose auto graphs are borne upon the certificate which accompar nies this testimonial." The certificate alluded to above, most admirably engrossed on parchment, bears the autograph signa tures of the gentlemen who joined in the presentation, and is mounted in a very magnificent and costly frame. The following is an exact copy of the words without the signatures : — " Thompson Testimonial. The aids and assistant marshals of Col. Newell A. Thompson, Chief Marshal at the inauguration of the statue of Franklin, at Boston, September 17th, 1856, present him the accompanying FINAL PROCEEDINGS. 323 fac simile of the statue as a token of their regard, and in remembrance of the occasion." On the evening of the presentation. Col. Thompson received at his house the generous donors and others who had taken a conspicuous part in the great festival, where they were entertained in his usual liberal, ele gant and courteous manner. APPENDIX. APPENDIX. history of the statue of FRANKLIN. In the autumn of 1853, a course of lectures on the appli cation of Science to Art was arranged under the direction of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, and the Honorable Robert C. Winthrop, by invitation, delivered the introductory lecture on the evening of the twenty-ninth of November. Prom this lecture, which was published, soon after its delivery, under the title of " Archimedes and Franklin," the following passages are taken, and in them is found the original suggestion of the movement, of which the completion was witnessed on the seventeenth of September, 1856. Mr. Winthrop commenced his lecture as follows : — A charming story which has come down to us in reference to the great orator, philosopher and patriot of ancient Rome, and which he has not thought it unworthy to tell briefly of himself, in one of his Tusculan Disputations, may form a not inappropriate introduction to the lecture which I am here this evening to deliver. While Cicero was qugestor in Sicily, — the first public office which he ever held, and the only one to which he was then eligible, being but just thu-ty years old, (for the Eoman laws required for one of the humblest of the great offices of state the very same age which our American consti tution requires for one of the highest,) — he paid a visit to Syracuse, then among the greatest cities of the world. The magistrates of the city, of course, waited on him at once, to oflTer their services in showing him the lions of the place, and requested him to dZO APPENDIX. specify anything which he would like particularly to see. Doubtless, they supposed that he would ask immediately to be conducted to some one of their magnificent temples, that he might behold and admire those splendid works of art with which — notwithstanding that Marcellus had made it his glory to carry not a few of them away with him for the deco ration of the imperial city — Syracuse stUl abounded, and which soon after tempted the cupidity, and fell a prey to the rapacity, of the infa mous Verres. Or, haply, they may have thought that he would be curious to see and examine the ear of Dionysius, as it was called, — a huge cavern, cut out of the solid rock in the shape of a human ear, two hundred and fifty feet long and eighty feet high, in which that execrable tyrant confined aU persons who came within the range of his suspicion, — and which was so ingeniously contrived and constructed, that Dionysius, by applying his own ear to a small hole, where the sounds were collected as upon a tym panum, could catch every syllable that was uttered in the cavern helow, and could deal out his proscription and his vengeance accordingly, upon all who might dare to dispute his authority or to complain of his cruelty. Or they may have imagined, perhaps, that he would be impatient to visit at once the sacred fountain of Arethusa, and the seat of those Sicilian muses whom Virgil so soon after invoked in commencing that most inspired of all uninspired compositions, which Pope has so nobly paraphrased in his glowing and glorious eclogue — the Messiah. To their great astonishment, however, Cicero's first request was, that they would take him to see the tomb of Archimedes. To his own stUl greater astonishment, as we may well believe, they told him in reply, that they knew nothing about the tomb of Archimedes, and had no idea where it was to be found, and they even positively denied that any such tomb was stiU. remaining among them. But Cicero understood perfectly well what he was talking about. He remembered the exact description of the tomb. He remembered the very verses which had been inscribed on it. He remembered the sphere and the cylinder which Archimedes had himself requested to have wrought upon it, as the chosen emblems of his eventful life. And the great orator forthwith resolved to make search for it himself. Accordingly, he rambled out into the place of their ancient sepulchres, and, after a careful investigation, he came at last to a spot overgrown with shrubs and bushes, where presently he descried the top of a small 3olumn just rising above the branches. Upon this little column the history of the STATUE. 329 sphere and the cylinder were at length found carved, the inscription was painfnlly decyphered, and the tomb of Archimedes stood revealed to the reverent homage of the iUustrious Roman qusestor. This was in the year 76 before the birth of our Saviour. Archimedes died about the year 212 before Christ. One hundred and thirty-six years, only, had thus elapsed since the death of this celebrated person, before his tombstone was buried up beneath briars and brambles, and before the place and even the existence of it were forgotten, by the magistrates of the very city of which he was so long the proudest orna ment in peace and the most effective defender in war. What a lesson to human pride, what a commentary on human grati tude,' was here ! It is an incident almost precisely like that which the admirable and venerable Dr. Watts imagined or imitated, as the topic of one of his most striking and femUiar lyrics : — " Theron, amongst his travels, found A broken statue on the ground. And searching onward as he went, He traced a ruined monument. Jlould, moss, and shades had overgrown The sculpture of the crumbling stone. Yet ere he passed, with much ado. He guessed, and spelled out, Soi-pi-o. 'Enough,' he cried; 'I'll drudge no rame In turning the dull stoics o'er; * * * * For when 1 feel my virtue fail, And my ambitious thoughts prevail, I'll take a, turn among the tombs. And see whereto all glory comes.' " I do not learn, however, that Cicero was cured of his eager vanity and his insatiate love of fame by this "turn " among the Syracusan tombs. He was then only just at the threshold of his proud career, and he went back to pursue it to its bloody end, with unabated zeal, and with an am bition only extinguishable with his life. And after aU, how richly, how surpassingly, was this local ingratitude and neglect made up to the memory of Archimedes himself, by the oppor tunity which it afforded to the greatest orator of the greatest empire of antiquity, to signalize his appreciation and his admiration of that wonder ful genius, by going out personally into the ancient graveyards of Syi-ar cuse, and with the robes of office ui then newest gloss around him, to 42 330 APPENDIX. search for his tomb and to do honor to his ashes ! The greatest orator of imperial Rome anticipating the part of Old Mortality upon the grave stone of the great mathematician and mechanic of antiquity ! This, surely, is a picture for mechanics in aU ages to contemplate, with a proud satisfaction and delight. Mr. Winthrop then proceeded to give a detailed account of the career and character of Archimedes, after which he con tinued as follows : — I may not prolong this discourse hy dwelling upon that long series of discoverers and inventors and men of science and mechanics, in the old world or in the new, by whom the practical and useful arts have been advanced to their present state of perfection. Our own land has had its fuU share of them. Their names are known to you by heart. Some of them have Uved, some of them are yet living, among us. But there is time enough still left to me, I am sure, to aUude briefly to at least one of them, long since dead, — who, if wide distinctions and differences in his condition and pursuits, forbid me from calling him the American Archimedes, may well he compared with that wonderful man in the services which he rendered to art, to science, and to his country, — and whose memory, at this moment, has at least one thing in common with that of the great Syracusan, which, I trust, for the honor of his native country, and his native city, wiU not be of much longer con tinuance. If any of you, my friends, as you happen to be passing down Hanover street, in this good city of Boston, on some pleasant morning, will pause for a moment on the sidewalk of the First Baptist Church, and cast your eyes over to the right hand side of the street, you vriU perceive, sus pended from a sort of crane, smaller, but perha23S not altogether unhke those which Archimedes thrust out from the walls of Syracuse to swamp the Eoman ships, and projecting from the building which forms the upper corner of Hanover and Union streets, — a buUding in whieh may be found India rubbers on the lower story and daguerreotypes up stairs, (two articles which were utterly unknown to commerce or to art in the days to which I am about to allude) — you will perceive, I say, — a wooden baU, about as large as a good-siaed cocoa nut or a small-sized water melon ; and upon this ball, from which a part of the gilding has been abeady cracked and from which the rest seems rapidly peeling, you may discern, without HISTORY OF THE STATUE. 331 difficulty, the date of 1698, legibly inscribed on both sides of it. How this precise date came there, it is not easy to tell ; at least, I have never met with the explanation. Perhaps, as Mr. Sparks suggests, the date only indicates the period when the ball was made and adopted as a sign. But there is another inscription on the ball, and there are other weU authenti cated circumstances associated with it, which render it one of the most precious memorials, — which ought, certainly, to render it one of the most cherished reUcs, — of our city in the olden time. There, in the year 1716, might have been seen a precocious and rather roguish boy, of about ten years of age, unwillingly but diligently employed in cutting wicks and fiUuig moulds for the commoner sort of candles, — a humble occupation enough, but one not a little significant of the light which he was himself about to shed upon his country and upon mankind in after years. Born in Boston, on the sixth day of January, old style, or the seventeenth of January, as we now oaU it, in the year 1706, in an old-fashioned gable-end house near the head of MUk Street, oppo site the Old South Church, in which he was christened the very same morning, — bom in that weU-remembered mansion, which, were it stiU standing, would he visited one of these days, if not now, with hardly less interest than that with which pUgruns from every land are found flocking to the humble birth-place of the great British bard at Stratford-upon- Avon, — the son of poor, but honest, industrious and pious parents, and having only been permitted to enjoy two years of sohoohng, one of them at the common grammar school of the town, and the other at a private school for writing and arithmetic, the little fellow had been taken away thus early from his books and his play, to help along his father in his business, — which was that of a tallow-chandler and soap-boiler. And that father's name may stUl be decyphered beneath the torn and tarnished gilduig on the ball to which I have aUuded. Tradition tells us that it was originaUy a blue baU, and that it was at one time the sign of a public house. At the sign of the blue baU, that boy remained assisting his father for two years, and there was every appearance that he was destined for a tallow-chandler himself. But there was that in his nature which could not he content with the daUy drudgery of this somewhat unsavory calling. There was that within him which seemed to whisper in his youthful ear, as Archimedes declared aloud in his maturer manhood, that if he could only find a place to stand upon, he, too, could move the world. And this dissatisfaction with his condition at length manifested itself so dis- 332 APPENDIX. tinctly, and in so many ways, that his father had good cause to apprehend that if a more agreeable and congenial occupation were not soon provided for him, he would break loose from parental control and go off to sea, as one of his brothers had done before him. And so, he was next destined by his weU-meaning parents for a cutler's trade, and his wits were to be employed in making , edge-tools for others, in order to prevent him from doing what young America, I believe, sometimes caUs " cutting stick " himself. But fortunately, per haps, for all concerned, the fee demanded for an apprenticeship in that craft was too considerable for his father's purse, and the cutler's trade was never entered upon. An occupation, which in its incidental opportunities and advantages, at least, was better suited to his peculiar taste and talents, at last offered itself ; and he may now be seen regularly indented and bound over as a printer's apprentice till he should be twenty-one years of age, with what was doubtless deemed a most important and liberal stipulation in the covenant, — that for the last year of the term he should be aUowed jour neyman's wages. No doubt, he was the envy of aU the young appren tices in his neighborhood, and considered as made for life, with such a rich remuneration in prospect. Under that indenture he remained steady and diligent for five years out of the nine which it covered, — working hard at the press during the day, and making the most of the leisure hours of the evening, and of the later hours of the night, too, in im proving his handwriting, in practising composition, and in reading the books which accident brought within his reach, — and, fortunately for him and for us all, these were among the very best books which the world afforded — Plutarch, Bunyan, Defoe, and Addison. But the yearning for a wider sphere could only be temporarUy repressed by a condition like this; and, indeed, it was daily acquiring fresh impulse and increased energy from the very circumstances by which he was surrounded. The very last thing in the world for taming down a quick, earnest, inquiring and ambitious mind, conscious of its own power and its own superiority, — conscious, too, that its godlike capabUi- ties were never meant to rust away unused, — the very last way in the world for reducing such a mind as this into subjection to the disciphne and drudgery of an indented apprenticeship, is to bring it into acquaint ance and contact with that mighty mechanical engine, by which, more than by any other which has ever yet been known, either to ancient or to modem art, the old idea of Archimedes has been fulfilled and the world HISTORY OF THE STATUE. 333 moved. If such a mind is to be kept under, let it busy itself with any other mystery beneath the sun, rather than with the mystery of the com posing stick, more especiaUy when it is employed in the service of a newspaper. There is an atmosphere in a printer's office which, somehow or other, puts notions into boys' heads, and into men's heads, too, — an atmosphere which is very apt to make quick blood run quicker, and im pulsive hearts heat higher, and active brains work harder, until those who were only indented to set up types for other people's thoughts, are sud denly found insisting on having other people to set up types for their own thoughts. So it has been, certainly, with more than one of your own most distinguished members, Mr. President, — your EusseU, your Arm strong, and your Buckingham, the latter of whom has recently added a new claim to your regard, and to the regard of the community, by the preparation of an elaborate and excellent history of your Association. And so, certainly, it was with our young Boston printer's boy of 1718, whom not even journeyman's wages for the ninth year could tempt to serve out his time in mere type setting, and who even before the fifth year was fairly ended, avaUed himself of a tempting opportunity once more to assert his freedom, fled from his employer and famUy and native town, and who might have been seen, sometime in the year 1723, leaping a.shore from on board of a Uttle sloop at New York, a lad of only seven teen years old, without the least knowledge of any person in the place, and with very little money in his pocket. A few days afterwards he is found buying threepence worth of rolls out of a baker's shop in PhUa delphia, and paying for them out of his last dollar, eating one of them himself from very hunger as he walked along Chestnut Street, and wash ing it down with a draft of river water, giving the others to a poor woman and child whom he had met along the road, and at last finding his way mto a Quaker meeting-house, and there falling asleep from utter fatigue and exhaustion ; — a mnaway apprentice, who might have been seized under the fugitive act, if such an act had existed in those days ! Thus ended the career of Benjamin Fkanklin in his native city of Boston, and almost at that veiy moment, almost at that early age, and under those unpropitious and seemingly desperate circumstances, he com menced a career of well-nigh unequalled usefulness to his feUow men, and of well-nigh unequalled service and glory to his country. I am not about to attempt any detailed sketch of that brilliant career m the little remnant of an hour's discourse. It is so identified with the history of his country and of the whole civUized world in the age in which he lived, 334 APPENDIX. that volumes have been, and might again be, filled, without exhausting either its interest or its variety I have only alluded to that career, this evening, as presenting some striking circumstances, both of comparison and of contrast, with that of the great Syracusan philosopher and mechanic of antiquity, whose history I have just given you, and from a feeling which impressed itself upon my mind, on the first glance at the design of the diploma to which I have alluded, that the figure of Franklin resting on that old original printing- press of his, which is stiU to be seen in the patent office at Washington, might well have formed a counterpart to the figure of Archimedes resting on his screw. Their names are connected with periods of history two thousand years apart, but they are still, and they will ever be, the names which mechanics everywhere, and certainly in our own country, wUl remember and cherish, with an interest and a respect, which no other names in that long, long interval, can ever be permitted to share. If Archimedes signalized his early ingenuity in discovering the defect iveness of King Hiero's crown, Franklin was second to no one in detect ing and making manifest the defectiveness and worthlessness of aU crowns, for any purposes of American free government. T£ Archimedes by his burning mirrors drew down fire from the sun uj)on the foes of his country, Franklin caught the forked hghtning upon his magic points, averted it from the homes of his fellow men, and con ducted it where it might be safely disarmed of its deadly properties. And, certainly, if Archimedes exhibited a sublime spectacle, in settmg at defiance and holding at bay the whole power of imperial Eome on sea and on land, by his marveUous and tremendous enginery, — hteraUy laughing a siege to scorn, — Franklin, sending up his kite and holding his key in a thunder storm, in order to draw deliberately down upon himself the flaming holts of heaven, that he might analyze their character and verify his theory for the good of mankind, presents a picture of even greater and nobler sublimity. Franklin did not, indeed, devote himself to profound mathematics and geometrical problems and theorems. He lived in a larger and busier world than Archimedes ever conceived of, and at a period when the dis tractions of an unsettled and uncivilized state of society permitted but little devotion or attention to philosophy or science of any sort. But he was not a whit behind the great Sicilian in the ingenuity and industry which he displayed, in devising and preparing the instruments and engines by which his countrymen were enabled to improve their condition in time HISTORY OF THE STATUE. 330 of peace, and to defend their soil and their independence in time of war. And I know not any one in our own history, or in any other history, who, from the variety and multiphcity of the improvements, inventions, and practical suggestions, both for the purposes of peace and of war, of which he was the author, could so weU be likened to that hundred-handed Briareus, to whom MarceUus compared the old philosopher of Sicily, as Benjamin Frankhn. After dwelling at some length on the life and services of Franklin, Mr. Winthrop concluded his lecture as follows: And now, my fi-iends, if some one of the renowned orators or philoso phers of the old world, if some British or European Cicero, — a Brougham or a Macaulay, a Humboldt or a Guizot, — on coming over to visit this proud and prosperous repubhc of ours, — should hajspen, as well he might, to take a Halifax steamer and arrive first at the birth-place of Franklin, — and if, upon being waited on hy the magistrates of the city, as Cicero of old Was waited upon on his arrival at ancient Syracuse, with an offer to show him our Yankee lions, — if such a man, under such circumstances, instead of asking to be conducted to our temples of edu cation or of rehgion, of charity or of Uberty, to our Asylums or AthenEe- ums, our aqueducts, our fountains, or our FaneuU HaU, — should inquire at once, as Cicero inquired, for the monument commemorative of the genius and services of one so known and honored throughout the world, — of him who wrested the sceptre from tyrants and the thunderbolt from the skies, — I think it would not be difficult to realize something of the em barrassment with which His Honor the Mayor, or whoever else might he his conductor, would suggest to the distinguished stranger, .that though Franklin was bom in Boston, he did not exactly die in Boston, — that there was, indeed, a httle painted stone urn, without a name on it, in one of the side streets, — but that PhUadelphia, perhaps, would be the more appropriate place to inquire at, as he was understood to have been buried there. Our distinguished visitor, of course, would acquiesce in the suggestion; not, however, I imagine, without a shrug of astonishment, which French politeness might conceal, but which John Bull, in the person of my Lord Brougham, certainly, would be altogether likely to make quite as mani fest as was agreeable. At any rate, he would postpone further inquiries until he reached PhUadelphia, where he woukl rely on the satisfaction of 336 APPENDIX. paying his homage at the very grave of the great phUosopher. And now let us imagine him to have reached the charming metropolis of Pennsyl vania, and to have salhed out, as Cicero did, into the ancient grave-yards in quest of the tomb, — what, what would he find there, — if, indeed, he succeeded in finding anything ? Let me give you the description in the very words in which I have recently met with it, in one of the leading religious papers of our land : ' ' A dilapidated dark slab of stone, at the sodth-west comer of Fifth and Arch Streets, Philadelphia, marks (or did mark a few years ago) the spot where rest the remains of Benjamin and Deborah Franklin ; but you cannot see their grave nor read the inscription without climbing a high brick wall, in violation of the law, or without securing a good oppor tunity and the favor of the sexton, each of which is said to be attended with difficulty. So weU hidden is this grave, and so httle frequented, that we have known many native Philadelphians of men's and women's estate, who could not direct one to the locality where it may he found." Is this, Mr. President, a mere parody of Cicero's description of his hunt for the tomb of Archimedes before the Christian era ? — Or is it a genuine and authentic account of the tomb of Benjamin Franklin in this nineteenth century ? If it be the latter, as, I am sorry to say, cannot be doubted, — said I not rightly and justly, a moment since, that there was at least one thing in common to the memory of the great Syracusan and the great Bostonian, which, I trusted, for the honor of us all, would not he of much longer continuance ? Archimedes had been dead a hundred and thirty-six years, before Cicero discovered his forgotten tombstone buried up beneath briars and brambles. Less than half that time has elapsed since Franklin was summoned to the skies. He died only five years befose this Association was founded, and, thanks to a kind Provi dence, not even all your original members are yet numbered among the dead. There is at least one of them, (Isaac P. Davis, Esq.,) I rejoice to remember, who may be seen almost every day on 'Change, with a heart as young as the youngest within these walls, and whose name, inscribed in the second volume of Webster's Speeches, as a token of the constant friendship and regard of their illustrious author, wUl he preserved as fresh and fragrant with future generations, as it is with that which has been the immediate witness of his genial good nature, his fullness of information, and his untiring obligingness. Sixty-three years only, — less, by seven, than the allotted term of a single human life, have thus HISTORY OF THE STATUE. 337 expired since Frankhn's death, — but they have been enough, it seems, to consign his tomb to dilapidation and almost to oblivion. It is true, indeed, and in justice to Franklin himself, I must not forget it or omit it, that with a native simphoity and modesty of charac ter, which no complunents or caresses of the great or the learned, which no distinction or flattery at home or abroad, could ever coiTupt or impair, this truly great man prescribed, by his own Will, the plainest and hum blest possible memorial for his own resting-place. " I wish (says he) to be buried by the side of my wife, if it may be, and that a marble stone, to be made by Chambers, six feet long and four feet wide, plain, with only a small moulding round the upper edge, and this inscription : 'BENJAMDJ and DEBORAH FRANKLIN, 178-.' to be placed over us both." It is tme, also, that Frankhn has left memorials enough of himself behind him, to render aU further commemoration on his own account alto gether superfluous. Every lightning-rod is a monument to FrankUn, of his own erection ; and not a fiash, which is disarmed by its magic points, passes to the ground, without a fresh Ulumination of his title to the gratitude of ,man- kind. One might almost be permitted to borrow the idea of the con science-stricken king in Shakspeare's Tempest, and to imagine the thunder, with its deep and dreadful diapason, pronouncing the name of Franklin, — not, indeed, as a name of terror, but as a pledge of safety in the storm. Every penny-stamp, too, is a monument to Franklin, earned, if not established by himself, as the fruit of his early labors and his signal success in the organization of our infant post office ; — and no man, I think, can use the invaluable little implements of modern cheap postage, — I do not mean the stamped envelopes, which are nothing less than a disgrace to American art and a caricature of the Father of his country, but the original, separate stamps, — without rejoicing that, apart from all other advantages of the system, the noble heads of Washington and Franklin are thus brought daUy to our view, and are associated in the minds and hearts of the whole people of the Union, with the unspeak able privilege of a sure and speedy communication with the absent and the loved 43 338 APPENDIX. And here, in our own immediate community, too, I may add, every little silver medal distributed annually to the children of our free schools, is a precious memorial of Franklin ; and every boy or girl who is incited by the prizes he instituted to higher efforts at distinction in good scholar ship and good behavior, is a living monument to his prudent and provi dent consideration for the youth of his native city. One of the last things which a Boston boy ever forgets is, that he won and wore a Franklin medal. There is at least one of them, I know, who would not exchange the remembrance of that youthful distinction for any honor which he has since enjoyed. And though the larger provision which he made for the young and needy mechanics of our city has not quite realized all the advantages which he anticipated, yet the day is sure to arrive, when Boston and the whole Commonwealth will reap a rich harvest of public improvement from the surplus accumulation of the Franklin Mechanic Fund. Not, then, because Franklin is in any danger of being forgotten, — not because his memory requires the aid of bronze or marble to rescue it from oblivion, — not because it is in the power of any of us to increase or extend his pervading and enduring fame, — but because, in these days of commemoration, it is unjust to ourselves, unjust to our own reputation for a discriminating estimate and a generous appreciation of real genius, of true greatness, and of devoted public service, — do I conclude this lecture vrith the expression of an earnest hope, that the day may soon come, when it shall cease to be in the power of any one to say, that the great Patriot Mechanic and Philosopher of modern times is without a statue or a monument, either in the city of his burial-place or his birth place. The mechanics of Massachusetts, the mechanics of New England, owe it to themselves to see to it, that this reproach no longer rests upon om' community and our country. And I. know not under what other auspices than theirs, such a work could be so fitly and so hopefully undertaken. When the obehsk at Bunker HUl, — doubly consecrated to us by the memory of those in whose honor it was erected, and of him whose con summate eloquence will be forever associated both with its corner-stone and its cap-stone, — when this noble monument was lingering in its slow ascent, the mechanics of Massachusetts pronounced the word. Let it be finished — and it was finished. And now there is another word for them to speak, and it will be done. Let them unite, let us all unite, with our brethren of Philadelphia and of the whole Union, in erecting a suitable HISTORY OF THE STATUE. 339 monument near the grave of Frankhn ; — but let there not fail tfj be, also, a Statue of our own, on some appropriate spot of the old peninsula which gave him birth. I know not of a greater encouragement which could be given to the cause of Science applied to Art, in which we are assembled ; I know not of a greater encouragement which could be held out to the young appren tices, to whom we look to carry forward that cause in the future, and to supply the places of that noble race of Massachusetts mechanics to which our city, our state, and our whole country, have been so greatly indebted, both for laying the foundations, and for buUding up the superstructure, not merely of our material edifices, but of our moral, civU and political institutions ; I know not of a greater encouragement which could be afforded to industry, temperance, moderation, frugality, benevolence, self- denial, self-devotion, and patriotism, in every art, occupation and condi tion of life, — than the visible presence, in some conspicuous quarter of our metropolis, of the venerable figure of Franklin, in that plain, old-fashioned, long-bodied, Quaker-Uke coat, with which he wUl be forever associated in our minds, and in which he appeared proudly alike before kings and com moners ; and with that bland and benevolent countenance, which seems to say even to the humblest and least hopeful of God's creatures, — "I was once as you are now, — houseless and pennUess, without fortune and without friends ; — but never despair, — be just and fear not, — be sober, be dUigent, be frugal, be faithful, love man and love God, and do your whole duty to yourself, to your neighbor, and to your country, in what ever circumstances you are placed, — and you, also, may do good in your day and generation, — and you, too, may, haply, leave a name, that shall be remembered and honored in aU ages and throughout aU climes ! " The response to the suggestion thus distinctly made, was immediate and electric, and was foreshadowed in the follow ing letter communicating to Mr. Winthrop the thanks of the Mechanic Association, and requesting a copy of the lecture for publication : — Boston, December 8, 1853. Hon. EoBEKT C. Winthrop : Dear Sir, — At a meeting of the Govemment of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, held last evemng, the Lecture Commit tee were instructed to present to you, in behalf of the Association, the 64:U APPENDIX. thanks of the board for the eloquent and interesting address deUvered by you on the evening of the twenty-ninth ult. as the introductory lectui-e to the present course. They were also further instructed to request a copy for the press, and to make aU necessary arrangements for its publication and distribution to the members and the public. The Committee hope it wUl suit your convenience to furnish us the manuscript at an early day, in order that it may awaken the pubhc senti ment of our city to the propriety of erecting a statue of Frankhn in the place of his birth. The force and pertinence with which you urged this measure in your address, wiU serve to quicken the hearts of our people in its behalf; and its publication, no doubt, wiU be foUowed by that energetic action which wiU secure the final success of the project. We remain, truly yours, &c., F. W. Lincoln, Jr. Feed. H. Stimpson, Osmyn Brewster, y Committee. Joseph M. Wightman, Albert G. Browne, At a regular meeting of the Government of the Association, held at the house of the President, Jonas Chickering, Esq., on Wednesday, the seventh day of December, 1853, the day previous to his much lamented decease, on motion of Frederic W. Lincoln, Jr., Esq., the Vice President of the Association, it was Voted: — That Messrs. Frederic W. Lmcohi, Jr., John H. Thom dike, Joseph M. Wightman, John Cowdin, and Osmyn Brewster, be a committee to consider the expediency of proposing to the Association, that they should take the incipient measures for erecting in the city of Boston a statue of Franklin, in accordance with the recommendation of Mr. Winthrop in his introductory lecture. On Wednesday, the twenty-eighth day of the same month, at an adjourned meeting of the Government of the Association, the Vice President, from the special committee in relation to a statue in memory of Franklin, made a report in writing, which, HISTORY OF THE STATUE. 341 on motion of Mr. Calvin W. Haven, was accepted, and ordered to be communicated to the Association. Pursuing the project of erecting a statue to the memory of the illustrious Franklin, at the annual meeting of the Associa tion, held at the rooms on the fourth day of January, 1854, the committee on finance, by Mr. Lincoln, their chairman, submitted their annual report, containing the following allusion to the contemplated statue : — " Mr. Winthrop's Introductory Lecture, while being appropriate to the occasion, derives some significance from the formal and earnest manner in which he advocated the erection of a statue of Franklin. There appears to be a feeUng that in this city of his birth, where we are so much indebted to him for his legacy to mechanics and for his gift to our chUdren, that we have too long delayed an appropriate memorial to his memory. We have been expected, as an association, to take the first steps towards the object. The Government of the Association have taken the subject into consideration, and the plan proposed wUl be laid before you." On the same day the newly elected President of the Asso ciation, Frederic W. Lincoln, Jr., Esq., presented the report of a committee of the Government upon the proposed statue of Franklin, appended to which were the following resolutions, which, on motion of Mr. George G. Smith, were adopted. Eesolved, — That a committee be appointed to nominate a list of forty persons, to be selected from our honorary members, our own members, and the citizens at large, who shaU have the whole charge of the subject. They shaU have power to fiU vacancies, enlarge their number, and make aU necessary arrangements to carry out the object of their appointment. Eesolved, — That our Secretary be instructed to notify said gentle men of their appointment, and to caU a meeting for organization at the rooms of our Association, on Tuesday, January seventeenth, at four o'clock, it bemg the anniversary of the bnth of Franklin. Under the foregoing resolutions, Messrs. Henry N. Hooper, Uriel Crocker, and George Coolidge, were appointed a com- 342 APPENDIX. mittee to retire and report a list of forty names of individuals to compose the committee mentioned in the first resolution. The nominating committee subsequently offered the follow ing list of names as their report, and it was unanimously accepted by the meeting, and the gentlemen named were consti tuted the committee on the statue : — MEMBERS OF THE ASSOCIATION. Isaac Harris, Stephen Fairbanks, Joseph T. Buckingham, Charles Wells, George Darracott, George G. Smith, James Clark, Hemy N. Hooper, Frederic W. Lincoln, Jr., Thomas Blanchard, Samuel M. AUen, Osmyn Brewster, TheophUus E. Marvin, John Cowdin, John H. Thorndike, Josejjh M. Wightman, Charles G. King, KimbaU Gibson, Joseph L. Bates, Otis Tufts, John Kuhn, WiUiam C. Bond. CITIZENS AT LARGE. Eobert C. Winthrop, Josiah Quincy, Abbott Lawrence, Edward Everett, Jacob Bigelow, David Sears, Eiohard Frothingham, Jr., WiUiam H. Prescott, J. IngersoU Bowditch, George E. EusseU, Nathaniel B. Shurtleff, Epes Sargent, Thomas G. Appleton, Daniel N. HaskeU, George S. HUlard, Jared Sparks, Thomas P. Cushing, Thomas E. Chickering. By direction of the Association, its Secretary, Joseph L. Bates, Esq., promptly notified the members of the committee of their appointment, and that the first meeting of the commit tee would be held for organization on Tuesday, the seventeenth day of January, 1854, the anniversary of the birthday of Franklin. HISTORY OF THE STATUE. 343 Agreeably to notice, a meeting of the committee appointed by the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association was held at the rooms then occupied by the Association in the building now belonging to the Massachusetts Historical Society. The Secretary of the Association then read the names of the committee, and it appeared that the following persons were present : From the citizens at large, — Messrs. Robert C. Winthrop, Josiah Quincy, Abbott Lawrence, Jacob Bigelow, David Sears, J. IngersoU Bowditch, Nathaniel B. Shurtleff, Epes Sargent, Thomas G. Appleton, Jared Sparks and Thomas P. Cushiog. From the Mebhanic Association, — Messrs. Isaac Harris, James Clark, Henry N. Hooper, Frederic W. Lincoln, Jr., Thomas Blanchard, Osmyn Brewster, Theophilus R. Marvin, John H. Thorndike, Charles G. King, Kimball Gibson, Joseph L. Bates, Otis Tufts and John Kuhn. Hon. Mr. Winthrop then rose and made a few remarks on the object of the meeting. He said that the gentlemen who were present had assembled on the one hundred and forty-eighth anniversary of the birthday of Franklin, to take measures to pay a just, though tardy tribute to his memory ; and he hoped before the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary should arrive — before three half centuries should have passed away, the work would be completed, and Franklin be found standing again in our sight. He regarded it as an interesting coincidence that it was now just one hundred years since Franklin pro posed, in the Albany Convention, that plan of Union which was finally adopted by our fathers, and which has been the source of such unspeakable blessings to the American people. Mr. Winthrop believed there had been a very general assent to the propriety of this work, since it was suggested, and a general feeling that it should be initiated by the Mechanic Charitable Association. It was as a mechanic, and the son of a mechanic, that Franklin was known to Boston. In conclusion he moved that the President of the Mas- 344 APPENDIX. sachusetts Mechanic Charitable Association, Frederic W. Lincoln, Jr., Esq., should be the president of the com mittee. The motion of Mr. Winthrop was received with great satisfaction, and was unanimously adopted; and Joseph L. Bates, Esq., the Secretary of the Association, was requested to serve as secretary of the committee. Mr. Lincoln, on taking the chair, returned his thanks for the honor conferred upon him, in a few remarks appropriate to the occasion. The report of the committee of the Government, as com municated to the Association at the annual meeting, was read at the request of the presiding oflScer. It was strongly in favor of erecting the statue, and expressed strong hopes that the project should not be monopolized by the Associa tion ; but that the citizens generally should be interested in it, and should be invited to participate in its fulfilment. It tendered the use of the rooms of the Association for meet ings of the committee, and proffered other aid. Hon. Abbott Lawrence then offered the following reso lution : — Resolved, — That we cordially concur in the proposition of the Mas sachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, that measures should no longer be delayed for erecting a statue of Benjamin Franklin in the city of his birth. Mr. Lawrence remarked that he did not deem it neces sary, after haviing read the eloquent and able lecture of Mr. Winthrop before the Association, to say anything in support of this resolution. This matter of a public memorial to Franklin in the city of his birth had been too long delayed. As a citizen of Boston he had long felt that it was due to ourselves, as well as to that great man, that some action should be taken to accomplish this object. He felt sure of the readiness of the public to do that which this committee had HISTORY OF THE STATUE. 345 met to accomplish, and that they are ready to make the neces sary subscriptions. He looked upon Franklin as the embodi ment of the great mechanical interests of the city. But he did not belong to the mechanics entirely. He was a great statesman — mighty in science — and the country is more indebted to him for its present prosperity and happiness than to any other man, save the " Father of his country." As far as his feeble cooperation would assist, he was quite ready to engage in the work. He hoped the matter would be taken up with vigor, and that in a few weeks all the money necessary would be subscribed. After remarks from Mr. Sparks and others the resolution was unanimously adopted. Mr. Winthrop then read the following letter, which was written several years ago by Hon. Jared Sparks, in which the matter of a monument to Franklin is alluded to. He said that he did not know of the existence of this letter when his lec ture was delivered and printed, and he took pleasure in reading it now, in justice to its distinguished author, as well as for the valuable views which it contained. Cambridge, Feb. 9, 1850. Dear Sir : — In reply to your inquiry, aUow me to say, that it is not my purpose for the present to write anything concerning the part taken by Franklin in the negotiations of 1782. Hereafter I may be able to place that .subject in a more just light than has hitherto been done. I have read in the British and French offices all the correspondence and other papers relating to those negotiations, and the diplomatic corres pondence of the French govemment with the French ministers in this country, Spain and HoUand, during our revolution, amounting to more than sixty large folio volumes. After this research, in which I was employed nearly a year, I do not think it presumption to believe that I am qualified to form an opinion, not only of the acts and policy of the French court, but of the agency of Franklin in the great affairs of that period. Having tumed my attention particularly to this latter point, I do not hesitate to declare, in the most unqualified terms, that the idea of the 346 APPENDDC delinquency of FrankUn as the representative of the great interests of hia country, and of his submissiveness to the French court, which was so industriously propagated for a long time in this country, is without a shadow of foundation. Such an idea is not sustained by a single para graph or fact in all this voluminous mass of papers, although he often appears as a prominent actor in our complicated foreign relations. On the contrary, he is everywhere presented in the character of a true and steady patriot, wise and consistent, sagacious and firm, bold and perse vering, and not a whit behind the most ardent of his compatriots in asserting his country's liberties, and maintaining her rights. His services abroad can never be properly estimated, because they were rendered in a .sphere which, at the time, was necessarily in a great measure concealed from the public eye. No one who" wUl examine the subject, however, can doubt for a moment that he was second only to Washington in establishing his country's freedom and moulding her desti nies. His genius and writings had made him renowned in Europe when the controversy began ; and this renown, increased by his pubhc character and extraordinary wisdom, enabled him to do for his country what no other man could have done ; and I will repeat, that, in my opinion, no man ever executed a high trust with more fidelity, abUity, and devoted patriotism. And yet, where are the monuments which testify a nation's gratitude for the services of such a benefactor ? They exist in his writings, his fame, m the glory which his name has thrown over the land of his birth, and, wp may add, in the hearts of mankind. They are not found in marble, bronze, or granite. Even his native city, eminent as she is for acts of public munificence, and honored by the civUized world as the spot on which Franklin drew his first breath, contains no memorial of the noble and generous pride, which, by the example of ancient and modern times, such a distinction might justly inspire. I am, dear Sir, respectfully and truly yours, JAEED SPAEKS. John C. Warren, M.D. Mr. Sparks being present, responded at some length, de fending the character of Franklin from the aspersions which had been attempted to be cast upon it, and in conclusion expressed his gratification at the present movement, and hoped it would be successful. HISTORY OF THE STATUE. 347 Remarks were also elicited from the venerable Josiah Quincy, and Isaac Harris, Epes Sargent, John H. Thorndike, Thomas G. Appleton, and Thomas P. Cushing, Esquires, and Dr. Jacob Bigelow. On motion of Mr. Winthrop it was Resolved, — That a Committee of Finance, and a Committee on Design and Execution be appointed by the Chairman, and that the Com mittee on Finance be empowered to appoint a Treasurer. Whereupon the chairman announced the following com mittees : — Committee on Design and Execution, — Messrs. Robert C. Winthrop, Jacob Bigelow, Jared Sparks, Edward Everett, William H. Prescott, WilKam Appleton, George G. Smith, Henry N. Hooper, Thomas Blanchard, Epes Sargent, Wil liam C. Bond, Joseph M. Wightman, and Otis Tufts. Committee on Finance, — Messrs. Abbott Lawrence, David Sears, George R. Russell, Thomas P. Cushing, Nathaniel B. Shurtleff, Richard Frothingham, Jr., J. IngersoU Bowditch, Stephen Fairbanks, Theophilus R. Marvin, Osmyn Brewster, Daniel N. Haskell, John H. Thorndike, and Charles G. King. Henry N. Hooper, Esq., offered the foUowing resolution, which was passed unanimously by the Committee : — Eesolved, — That it ought to be, and doubtless wUl be, a pleasure and a pride to aU classes of our feUow citizens to contribute something to this object, and we look especiaUy to the mechanics and their apprentices, — to the printers, and those of our feUow citizens who as school boys have won and worn a Franklin medal, to aid in the work. A letter was read from Hon. George S. Hillard, declining, on account of pressing official duties, his position as a member of the committee ; and J. Thomas Stevenson, Esq., was ap pointed in Ms place. A vote was passed inviting the Mayor of the city, the President of the Common Council, the President of the Me- 348 APPENDIX. chanic Apprentices Library Association, the President of the Franklin Typographical Society, and the President of the Mer cantile Library Association, to unite with the committee in furtherance of their purpose. On motion of Theophilus R. Marvin, Esq., it was Voted, — That the Chairman of this Committee, (the General Com mittee), the Chairman of the Committee of Finance, and the Chairman of the Committee of Design be an Executive Committee, to call meetings of the General Committee, whenever it shall become requisite. On motion of Epes Sargent, Esq., it was Voted, — That the contemplated statue of Franklin be made of bronze. The preliminary matters having been arranged, the meeting was dissolved. The first meeting of the Committee of Finance was held on the afternoon of the twentieth of January. Osmyn Brewster, Esq., Treasurer of the Mechanic Association, at the request of the committee, consented to perform the services of treasurer to the committee ; and John H. Thorndike and Charles G. King, Esquires, were appointed a committee with full powers to pro vide a suitable form of certificate to be issued to contributors towards defraying the expenses of the statue. On motion of Hon. Richard Frothingham, Jr., it was Voted, — That the Chairman of the Finance Committee be author ized to prepare a circular letter, to be addressed to the Govemment of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, the FrankUn Typogi-aphi- cal Society, the Mercantile Library Association, the Mechanic Apprentices Library Association, and the Franklin Medal Scholars, also to such other associations as it may seem proper, requesting their cooperation in the object of the appointment of the committee. Other matters of detail were arranged at the meeting pre vious to its adjournment. In accordance with the vote of the HISTORY OF THE STATUE. 349 committee, the following circular was prepared by Hon. Mr. Lawrence, and communicated to the associations mentioned in the vote, and to many others. Boston, Jan. 20, 1851. Sir : — At a meeting of a committee of forty gentlemen, called at the suggestion of the Government of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, on the seventeenth instant, it was voted to take measures to erect a Bronze Statue to the memory of FrankUn, in the city of his birth, and the undersigned were appointed a Committee of Finance. In the behef that your Association would take pride and pleasure in promoting this object, we respectfuUy invite your cooperation. Such con tributions as you may see fit to make may be handed to the Treasurer of this Committee, Osmyn Brewster, Esq., 47 Washington Street. It is desirable that as speedy returns as convenient may be made of the amounts coUected. Signed, Abbott Lawrence, David Sears, George E. Eussell, Thomas P. Cushing, J. Ingersoll Bowditch, Nathaniel B. Shcktlbfe, Eichard Frothingham, Jr. Stephen Fairbanks, Theophilus R. Marvin, Osmtn Brewster, Daniel N. Haskell, John H. Thorndike, A tme copy, Charles G. King. Joseph L. Bates, Secretary of Committee. The various bodies to whom the circular was addressed responded promptly to the invitation, and commenced collecting subscriptions for the erection of the statue. For this purpose a special meeting of the Mechanic Asso ciation was held ; and, as it was deemed best that individual coUections should be made from the members generally, a com- 350 APPENDIX. mittee consisting of the following persons, three for each ward, was appointed to wait upon each member for subscriptions : — Messrs. Henry N. Hooper, Thomas Mair, Robert Ripley, Benjamin Lamson, Hiram Bosworth, Charles Emerson, Isaac H. Hazelton, Asa Swallow, Thomas Palmer, John Cowdin, Wil liam F. Goodwin, Benjamin Beal, Pelham Bonney, Frederic H. Stimpson, Edward Hennessey, Francis B. Winter, Nathaniel Francis, Thomas J. Shelton, James Dillon, Calvin W. Haven, William Stearns, L. Miles Standish, Edwin Brown, John C. Hubbard, C. C. Barney, William H. Howard, Stephen Shelton, Philo Sanford, Joel Wheeler, John Green, Jr., Albert J. Wright, Isaac Adams, T. S. Perkins, Enoch H. Snelling, John J. Ray ner, George Yendall, and Henry Hutchinson. Isaac Harris, Esq., one of the original medal scholars, called a meeting of several prominent gentlemen who had received Franklin medals, to take measures to secure the cooperation of all the others who had received a similar distinction. This preliminary meeting was held at the residence of Mr. Harris, and was an occasion of an exceedingly interesting character. Three of those who received the Franklin medals in the first year of their distribution, were present, namely: Dr. John C. Warren, Mr. Robert Lash, and Mr. Isaac Harris. The meeting was organized by the choice of Dr. Warren as Presi dent, and Mr. William Harris as Secretary. Dr. Warren opened the meeting with an interesting address ; and speeches followed from Hon. James Savage, who received a medal in 1795, and Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, whose medal was awarded in 1823. Hon. Henry P. Fairbanks offered the following reso lutions : — Eesolved, — That we cordially respond to the appeal which has been made to the Franklin Medal Scholars to aid in the erection of a Statue of Benjamin Franklin in the city of his birth. Eesolved, — That a committee of eighteen be appointed, with full powers to arrange and carry out a plan for securing the cooperation of aU HISTORY OF THE STATUE. 351 the medal scholars in this work, with authority to call a general meeting of them all, if they shaU judge it expedient. Resolved, — That we regret to learn that no record exists of the medal boys for a long series of years, and that advantage ought to be taken of this occasion to procure a complete list of all who have received the Franklm medal since it was first instituted and awarded. The following named gentlemen were appointed the com mittee provided for in the resolutions : — John C. Warren, James T. Austin, Isaac Harris, James Savage, Charles Sprague, J. Thomas Stevenson, Robert C. Win throp, George R. Sampson, John C. Park, Frederic H. Brad lee, Nathaniel C. Poor, Henry P. Fairbanks, John J. DixweU, J. WUey Edmands, GranviUe Mears, Bradley N. Cumings, Ezra Lincoln, and Thomas Gaffield. In consequence of the decease of Hon. Henry P. Fair banks, and the resignation of Messrs. Sampson and Cumings, Hon. Charles G. Loring, and Messrs. Nathaniel H. Emmons and Joseph Ballard, were appointed members of the Com mittee. In accordance with the second of the above resolutions, a meeting of the Franklin Medal Scholars was held in the rooms of the Mechanic Association, on the evening of the third of March. The occasion was one of so much interest that a full account of it is given below. Agreeably to notice given, the meeting was called to order at half-past seven o'clock, about two hundred persons being present. It was, in many respects, a remarkable assembly. Pour of the nine boys who received Franklin medals the first year were present, venerable men, well known for their useful and honorable lives. Gentlemen from every walk of life, of all ages, and holding all varieties of opinion upon ordinary subjects, were brought together by a common bond of interest, the influence of which had never before been excited in the same way. Fathers were present with their sons, all medal scholars. Several gentlemen had traveUed 352 APPENDIX. from their present homes many miles distant to participate in the pleasure of this interesting occasion. The meeting was called to order by Col. Ezra Lincoln, and on motion of Granville Mears, Esq., a committee was appointed to nominate officers. Messrs. Granville Mears, J. J. Dix weU, and Joseph Smith were appointed; they retired, and afterwards returned with the foUowing list, which was unani mously accepted: — President, — Dr. John C. Warren. . Vice Pj-esidents, — Messrs. N. L. Frothingham, Alexander Young, James Savage, Charles G. Loring, William Parmenter, Isaac Harris, and Robert Lash. Secretaries, — Messrs. Ezra Lincoln, Isaac H. Wright, John C. Pratt, Charles Hale, and S. F. McCleary, Jr. The venerable President, a medal scholar of the very first year, on taking the chair made a brief and exceedingly appro priate address, commenting on the great services of Franklin, and the duty incumbent on the medal scholars to do honor to him who had honored them. Hon. Robert C. Winthrop then rose and stated the double object of the meeting ; first, to secure contributions from the medal scholars in aid of the erection of the statue to Franklin; and secondly, to obtain a complete list of all those who had received the distinction. There is no such list in the archives of the city, nor is it possible to obtain one from the news paper or other records. A complete list subsequent to 1836 has been made out, but the previous years are imperfect, and many entirely wanting. Hon. John C. Park then offered the following resolution : — Resolved, — That the Franklin Medal Scholars will proudly cooperate with the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, and the citizens of Boston generaUy, in erecting a statue of Benjamin FrankUn in his native place. Robert Lash, Esq., one of the first who received medals, seconded the resolution in an interesting speech. HISTORY OF THE STATUE. 353 Mr. Edward A. Vose, in behalf of the mechanic interest, expressed his hearty concurrence in the objects of the meeting and his approval of the resolution, and gave assurance that the mechanics of Boston would cordially respond to the proposition for the erection of a monument to Franklin. The question was then put, and the resolution was unani mously adopted. Andrew T. Hall, Esq., then submitted the foUowmg reso lution : — Resolved, — That a committee of three be appointed by the Ciair to retire and nominate to this meeting a committee of not less than twenty- five in number, to call upon all the Franklin Medal Scholars for their con tributions, or to take such other measures as they may deem expedient to secure a general collection in behalf of the object of this meeting. The resolution was adopted, and Messrs. Andrew T. HaU- Frederic U. Tracy, and Thomas J. Shelton were appointed the nominating committee. They retired and afterwards returned and reported the following names : — Committee, — Messrs. Nathaniel Brewer, William A. Brewer, Edwin H. Hall, Frederic U. Tracy, Henry Lincoln, Samuel P. Oliver, Henry Melius, John K. HaU, B. F. Pratt, Samuel H. Gibbens, Ichabod Howland, Benjamin Goddard, John B. Bradford, Nathaniel Goddard, Thomas J. Bouve, Samuel G. Bowdlear, George W. Messinger, John J. May, John S. Dwight, Aaron H. Bean, Albert Day, George F. Homer, Charles A. Welch, Isaac H. Wright, Charles Sprague, WiUiam H. Den nett, Henry E. Lincoln, Charles H. Appleton, George F. WU- liams, Henry A. Rice, Andrew J. Loud, J. F. Williams Lane, T. M. Brewer, Henry Whitney, Henry J. Whitney, Patrick T. Jackson, Francis Boyd, Thomas B. Frothingham, Otis Everett, Theodore Frothingham, Edward A. Vose, and Ezra Lincoln. During the absence of the nominating committee some inter esting anecdotes were related. Mr. Park announced that he 45 354 APPENDIK. had received a letter from a medal scholar in Nantucket, dated at that town as the "birthplace of the mother of Franklin." Mr. Winthrop read one of the rules of the new Public Library by which peculiar privileges are granted to FrankUn medal scholars. The gentlemen present who received their medals prior to 1816 were invited to come forward and enrol their names. They were called by the President in the order of seniority, and there were frequent bursts of applause, as so many gen tlemen eminent in the community left their seats, one after another, for this purpose. Gideon F. Thayer, Esq., submitted the foUowing resolution, which was unanimously adopted: — Resolved, — That the committee of eighteen by which this meeting was called be authorized to caU future meetings whenever they shaU deem it necessary or expedient; that they be particularly requested to take measures in due time for a general gathering of the Franklui Medal Scholars whenever the statue shaU be ready to be inaugurated ; and that said committee have power to fiU vacancies and to enlarge their number. Joseph Leeds, Esq., a medal scholar of the year 1810, now resident in Philadelphia, related some interesting reminis cences. In the course of his speech he remarked that there is no monument to Franklin in Philadelphia, the city of his adoption. Hon. James Savage, a medal scholar of the year 1795, made some remarks, which were listened to with much interest. Hon. WiUiam Parmenter, a medal scholar of the year 1799, made an exceedingly entertaining speech. He said that his medal, after having been carefully kept many years, was stolen a short time since. He suggested that the president and sec retary of the meeting, and the treasurer of the contributions, be authorized to style any contributor a medal scholar in their certificate when they should be satisfied that he really was such, HISTORY OP THE STATUE. 355 without the evidence of the medal. This was agreed to by vote of the meeting. Hon. WUliam B. Calhoun, of Springfield, expressed his pleasure at being again among Boston boys, and suggested that there should be a festival of the sons of Boston, under the auspices of the medal scholars. The suggestion evidently met with favor, and was referred to the committee of eighteen aUuded to in Mr. Thayer's reso lution. One of the happy results of this meeting was the establish ment, on the day of inauguration, of an association, of which Hon. Edward Everett is president, for the purpose of perpetu ating the common bond by which the recipients of the Franklin medals are united, and to ensure a periodical celebration of Franklin's birthday. A Ust of aU the Medal Scholars whose names were on record, prepared by Mr. Charles Coburn, was exhibited as the basis of a full catalogue. Meetings of other societies, equaUy interesting, were held, in view of aiding the project, and the most ardent wishes of the Committee were realized. Many of the gentlemen of am ple means liberaUy subscribed large amounts without delay, which soon put to rest any doubt that might have existed as to the question of procuring sufficient funds for accomplishing the undertaking. The Finance Committee, through its sub-committee, Messrs. Thomdike and King, procured, for all subscribers of one dollar and upwards, blank certificates of an exceedingly appropriate design. The vignette was drawn by Mr. D. C. Johnson, and engraved in a superior style, by the New England Bank Note Company. It is owned by the North Bank, and the privilege of using it was promptly and generously given by the Board of Directors to the Finance Committee, who, in con sequence, were enabled to issue the certificates without the usual delay, and at a considerable saving of expense. It rep- 356 APPENDIX. resents iu the distance a familiar view of the city of Boston, a railroad train, a kite in the air, and telegraphic poles and wires ; in the foreground, " Science," is represented by a female figure, reposing one hand on a telegraphic apparatus, the other supporting a medallion of Franklin, against which leans a kite, with its string and key, the simple apparatus with which the great philosopher drew the lightning from the clouds, and estab lished its identity with electricity, — thus suggesting a beau tiful analogy between the kite string of Franklin, and the telegraphic wire of the present day. The following is the inscription, the signatures being, in aU instances, engraved fac-simUes : — " Honor to the memory of Benjamin Franklin. This is to certify that has contributed dollars towards the erection of a Statue of Benjamin Franklin in his native city of Boston. F. W. Lincoln, Jr., "I Pres. M. c. M. Asso. I Executive Abbott Lawrence, > Committee. Robert C. Winthrop, j Osmyn Brewster, Treasurer." The Finance Committee issued circular letters to the public and private schools, similar to those sent to associations ; and, on motion of Hon. Stephen Fairbanks, appointed Messrs. Charles G. King, John H. Thorndike, Nathaniel B. Shurtleff and the secretary, a committee to visit the various schools and officers of the societies invited to cooperate. Messrs. J. Inger soll Bowditch, George R. Russell, Thomas P. Cushing, Daniel N. HaskeU and Theophilus R. Marvin were appointed a com mittee to take measures to solicit subscriptions from the citizens generally, and from such societies and other bodies as had not already been referred to other committees. Messrs. J. H. Thorndike and the secretary were appointed a committee to propose committees from merchants, and other business men; and Messrs. Osmyn Brewster, Theophilus R. Marvin and Henry W. Dutton, from master printers, bookbinders, and booksellers. HISTORY OF THE STATUE. 357 In order to secure contributions from the members of the public schools, the following resolve and order were offered in the Board of School Committee, by Nathaniel B. Shurtleff, and passed on the seventh of February, 1854: — Resolved, — That this Board cordiaUy approve of the design of erect ing a suitable monument to the memory of Benjamin Franklin, in the place of his buth and early education, and where his name has been made peculiarly dear by his munificence towards its most cherished institutions. Therefore, Ordered, — That Sec. 22, of Chap. 1, of the Regulations of the Pub Uc Schools be suspended untU April 1st, 1854, that boxes may be placed in the public schools, under the care of sub-committees, for the purpose of aUowing the pupUs to contribute their voluntary offerings towards defraying the expense of the bronze statue of Franklin, that is to be placed in some conspicuous position in this city, which has preeminently shared in the benefits of the grand results produced by the labors, wisdom and benevolence of this world-renowned philosopher, statesman, patriot, and philanthropist. The committees above named attended to their duties faith- fuUy, and in a short time the amount of subscription was con siderable, and sufficient to warrant the Committee on Design to proceed in the discharge of the duty which had been assigned to them. On the sixth day of June, 1854, the General Committee held a meeting in one of the smaller rooms of the Tremont Temple, at eight o'clock in the evening, and the following members were present: — Messrs. Lincoln, Winthrop, Law rence, Harris, Fairbanks, Appleton, Smith, Brewster, Shurt leff, Kuhn, Haskell, Tufts, Thorndike, Wightman and Bates. The Mayor of the City, Hon. J. V. C. Smith, and the Presi dent of the Common Council, Alexander H. Rice, Esq., were also in attendance. Hon. Mr. Winthrop, Chairman of the Committee on Design and Execution, submitted the following report: — 358 APPENDIX. The Sub-Committee on the subject of a Design for the Statue of Franklin beg leave to report as follows : — The early meetings of the Committee were much occupied with the question, whether the Design should be opened to competition by a formal offer of premiums, or whether the Committee should select an artist, in whom they might have confidence, to prepare a design under their own advice and direction. After careful deliberation it was finally decided, that the latter course was liable to less objection, would be attended with less delay, and Was likely to result in better success, and the Committee thereupon voted to select an artist to aid them in the preparation of a design. They had previously come to the understanding that the statue should be an American work, and, as far as possible, a Massachusetts work, designed and executed upon the soil of Massachusetts, and they were desirous, too, that Boston, the native place of Franklin, should furnish the artist. In looking about for a person to fulfil these conditions, they were at once attracted to Mr. Eichard S. Greenough, who, though born a few miles out of the present limits of our city, has been, in all his associations and from his earliest childhood, a Bostonian, and who has given recent, repeated, and abundant evidences of his genius for sculpture, and of his capacity to execute such a work as this. They found Mr. Greenough busily engaged in preparing' his exquisite " Boy and Eagle " for being cast in bronze, and otherwise much occupied. But he readily entered into thp views of the Committee, relinquished the work on which he was im mediately engaged, and proceeded, at once, to prepare a design for the statue of FrankUn. Three gentlemen of the Sub-Committee, namely : Dr. Bigelow, Mr. Wightman, and Mr. T. G. Appleton, were designated to advise with Mr. Greenough on the subject, and, after much consultation and careful study, he has now produced a statuette and a pedestal for the inspection and approbation of the Committee. The Sub-Committee on Design have had no hesitation in approving and accepting the statuette, in the full belief that nothing more appro priate or felicitous could be proposed. Some changes in the pedestal have been suggested by Mr. Greenough himself, and by members of the Committee, and they will be the subject of fm-ther consultation. In the mean time, as gentlemen of the Committee are likely to be leaving the city for the summer, and as it may be difficult to procure meetings of so large a number for some months to come, it has been thought desirable HISTORY OF THE STATUE. 359 that fuU powers should now be given to a Sub-Committee to proceed with the work, to make aU the necessary contracts, and to draw on the Treasurer, from time to time, for such amounts as may be necessary. With this view the design of Mr. Greenough is now presented for the approbation of the General Committee, together with the foUowmg letter from the accompUshed artist explanatory of its character. For the Comnuttee, EOBEET C. WINTHEOP, Chahman. Boston, June 6, 1854. On motion of Nathaniel B. Shurtleff, the foregoing report was unanimously accepted ; Messrs. Winthrop, Lawrence, Fair banks, G. G. Smith, Harris, J. V. C. Smith and Shurtleff advocating its adoption. The letter of Mr. Greenough, referred to in the last clause of the report, was as follows : Boston, Mat 23, 1854. My dear Sir : — In presenting the study model for a monument to Franklin, I beg leave to call your attention to some things which have materially influenced the design. I take it for granted that the strength of portraiture Ues in fidelity of likeness and truth of character, — two separate statements of the same essentials, neither existing without the other. We find in the life of Franklin that he passed through many stations, his character developing with every change. Possessing a mind capable of absorbing whatever came within its reach, and guided by a faith in truth, he soon gained the confidence of his countrymen, and soon a name as a phUosopher, a statesman, and man of letters. Of the many acts of his life I do not find any one that stands without a rival as the character istic act of the man. The reason is obvious ; his mind was too rich, and his pursuits too Uberal, to find their expression in a single act. I have accordingly endeavored to treat my statue in harmony with his character simply. I would have it thoughtful, dignified, of kindly expression, and unconscious. In pursuing this course I am gratified to feel that the same principle was observed in the most eminent portrait statues of antiquity. The statues of Menander, Demosthenes, Sophocles and Agrippina are signal examples in support of shnplicity, always winning the attention, because they do not appear to wish "to be seen of men." 360 APPENDIX. I might say much more, but fear to trespass upon your time, in stating what may be self-evident. In bas-relief is ample scope for the representation of the leading events of Franklin's life. More pictorial than "the round," (as aU sculpture is technicaUy called which does not depend upon a background for support), it permits compositions otherwise impossible. The four panels upon the base, measuring about three feet three inches square, will enable the artist to iUustrate as many of the prominent acts of Frank lin's life, presenting a series of interesting historical incidents, and intro ducing portraits of several of the distinguished persons with whom he was associated. Commencing with his life in Boston, I would suggest as the subject of the first bas-relief, eranklin working his press : as the second, experiment in electricitt : for the third, signing the declaration OE INDEPENDENCE : and lastly, concluding the treatt OF PEACE, the crowning act to which so much of his life was devoted. By this means, while the memory wiU be awakened to the importance of his services, interest ia the statue wUl be enhanced, — each wUl reflect upon the other. As it is important that the work be completed as speedUy as is consistent with faithful execution, I would propose that the bas-reUefs be entrusted to such other sculptor or sculptors as your commit tee think capable. While speaking of the time given for the execution of the work, allow me to express a hope that there wUl be a generous aUowance. The time consumed in its production will soon be forgotten, but the character of its execution will always be apparent. With regard to the bronze eagles at the angles of the pedestal, I would merely remark, that although not essentials to the design they would enrich its architectural effect, and add a certain state appropriate to a civic monument. In conclusion, allow me to thank you for the courtesy and liberality with which your time has been given in our meetings upon this subject, and trusting that I have said aU that is necessary for the explanation of my general views, I remain, dear Sir, respectfully yours, EICHAED S. GREENOUGH. Hon. Robert C. Winthrop. Statements from other committees, especially from that on finance, represented everything in connection with the statue HISTORY OF THE STATUE. 361 as in a fair state of progress, and gave encouragement of entire success. On motion of John H. Thorndike, Esq., the following votes were submitted for the action of the Committee, and were unanimously passed: — Voted, — That the Committee on "Design and Construction" be entrusted with fuU powers to contract for the execution of the design for the statue of Franklin, as presented in the statuette by Mr. Greenough, exhibited this evening. Voted, — That they be instructed to make aU necessary arrange ments for a pedestal for the same, and that, agreeably to Mr. Greenough's suggestion, as far as in their power, the " bas-reUefs" be designed by dif ferent American artists. Voted, — That the Committee on Design and Construction be author ized to draw upon the Treasurer for such sums of money as may be necessary to meet their engagements, not exceeding, however, the amount he may have received for this purpose. At- the request of Mr. Winthrop, and on his motion, it was Voted, — That the Chairman of the General Committee, (Mr. Lin coln,) and the Chairman of the Finance Committee, (Mr. Lawrence,) be, by virtue of their offices, members of the Committee on Design. The statuette modelled by Mr. Greenough, and exhibited by the Committee on Design, was intended simply as a rough and unfinished sketch, to convey an idea of what the artist proposed; and, as such, it met with the decided approbation of the members of the General Statue Committee who were present at the meeting. The artist having thus been engaged and the design of the statue determined, and the subscriptions being in a thriving way, no meeting of the Statue Committee was held untU the next anniversary of Franklin's birth. On this occasion, being on the seventeenth of January, 1855, the Committee met in the 46 362 APPENDIX. evening at the house of Hon. Mr. Winthrop, in Pemberton Square. There were present at this meeting, Messrs. Lincoln, Win throp, Lawrence, Sears, Harris, G. G. Smith Frothingham, Thorndike, Brewster, Kuhn, Clark, King, Chickering, Hooper, Wightman, Marvin, Bigelow, Fairbanks and Bates, members of the Statue Committee, and also the following, by virtue of their respective offices : His Honor, J. V. C. Smith, Mayor of the City, Joseph Story, Esq., President of the Common Coun cil, Mr. Charles H. Woodwell, President of the Franklin Typo graphical Society, and Mr. William F. Chester, President of the Mechanic Apprentices Library Association. The following report from the Committee on Design was read by Hon. Mr. Winthrop, and, on motion of Mr. Wightman, was accepted. The Sub-Committee appointed to procure a design, and to superintend the execution, of a Statue of Benjamin Franklin, submit the following report : It is already well known that a design was agreed upon by this Com mittee, and approved by the General Committee, in the early part of last summer. Agreeably to the authority thereupon conferred upon them, your Committee entered at once into a contract with Mr. Richard S. Greenough, of this city, for the execution of the statue. The contract bears date the nineteenth of June last, and provides for the completion of the work within the term of twenty-six months from that date. This would secure the deUvery of the statue on Or before the nineteenth of August, 1856. Mr. Greenough, however, has already made such pro gress in his moulding, that there is every encouragement to believe that the next anniversary of Franklin's birthday, (which wiU be the one hun dred and fiftieth,) will find it not far from finished. There can be no doubt that on the fourth of July, 1856, or on some other suitable day of that summer, the statue will be in readiness to be placed on its pedestal. It is to be cast at Chicopee, by Mr. Ames, and will thus be a whoUy American work, and, indeed, a whoUy Massachusetts work. It is to cost, when finished, the sum of $10,000. The bas-reliefs for the base have not yet been formally contracted for, — but measures have been instituted for their seasonable preparation. HISTORY OF THE STATUE. 363 Two of them wiU probably be furnished by Mr. Thomas Ball, of Boston, and the other two by Mr. Greenough himself, and all of them are to be cast either at Chicopee or in Boston. The cost of the four bas-reliefs wiU not exceed $3,500. The Committee have received proposals for the foundation, inohiding the granite and marble work, but have thought best to defer any final contract until the place for the statue shall have been decided upon. They estunate the entire cost of the foundation at not over $3,000, but it may be safer to allow for one, or even two thousand doUars additional, to meet such incidental expenses as have attended, and may stUl attend, the progress and completion of the work. Among these incidental expenses wiU be that of a suitable iron fence around the statue. Under all circumstances, the Committee feel confident that the sum of $18,500 wUl cover the whole cost of the work committed to them. Should a larger sum, however, be coUected, the balance may be fitly em ployed in establishing a fund to provide for keeping the grounds and fence around the statue in proper order in all< future years. The Committee take a melancholy 23leasure, on this occasion, in acknowledging their obligation to the late venerable Isaac P. Davis, whose funeral has been this day solemnized, for sundry memorials of Frankhn which have been of much service to them in selecting the designs for the bas-reUefs. They have also been indebted to the Massa chusetts Historical Society for the loan of the suit of clothes worn by the iUustrious Patriot and PhUosopher on the memorable occasion of the signing of the treaty of aUiance with France, in 1778. These, together with the model of the statue, are now submitted for the examination of the Committee. For the Sub-Committee, ROBERT C. WINTHROP, Chairman. January 17, 1855. Hon. Mr. Lawrence, from the Committee on Finance, re ported that between fifteen and sixteen thousand dollars had been subscribed and collected ; and, with the exception of what had been paid out, the whole amount had been safely invested at interest. This amount was, in the opinion of the Commit tee, sufficient for the completion of the statue; but that, in order to mount it upon a proper pedestal, and arrange suitable 364 APPENDIX. railings and accessories, a further sum of about four thousand doUars would be required, and that this amount would be called for from the pubUc, and, undoubtedly, cheerfully con tributed. This report was enthusiastically received, and, on motion of Isaac Harris, Esq., was accepted. At the close of the business meeting, the Committee were joined by several other gentlemen interested in the under taking, who attended by invitation and were entertained in a most cordial manner. Two miniature models of the statue were exhibited to the committee and company. One of these was prepared by Mr. Greenough, the artist; the other was a casting in bronze, by Mr. Ames, of Chicopee. Both of the models elicited high praise from the company. There was also exhibited a suit of silk clothing worn by Franklin at Paris, when he signed the treaty of alliance with France, in 1778, belonging to the Massachusetts Historical Society. In the course of the evening, remarks were made by the Chairman of the Statue Committee, Mr. Lincoln, and by Messrs. Winthrop, Lawrence, Chickering, Harris, Thorndike, G. G. Smith, Hooper, J. V. C. Smith and Fairbanks. The subject of a proper place for the statue was discussed, but no proposal to determine the question was offered. The condition of the finances amply warranting it, the artist proceeded at once to the work of making the model from which the mould was to be taken for the bronze cast ing; and so expeditiously was this portion of his work per formed by the enthusiastic artist, that in the latter part of the month of May the large model was sufficiently in form for the inspection of the Committee. Consequently the Statue Committee held a meeting at the studio of Mr. Greenough, in the Tremont Temple, on the thir- HISTORY OF THE STATUE. 365 tieth of May, 1855. There were present at this meeting, Messrs. Lincoln, Winthrop, Lawrence, Harris, Sparks, Sears, Prescott, Appleton, Hooper, Wightman, Tufts, Cowdin and King; Joseph Story, Esq., President of the Common Coun cU, and Carlos Pierce, Esq., President of the Mercantile Library Association. Statements were made concerning the progress of the sub scriptions, and that the marble and granite requisite for the pedestal and base had been contracted for. After the gentlemen present had made a careful exam ination of the model, Hon. Jared Sparks submitted the fol lowing motion: — Voted, — That the Committee entirely approve the model statue of FrankUn now on exhibition. Remarks in support of the motion were made by Messrs. Sparks, Lawrence, Sears, Winthrop and Harris, and the vote was passed. On motion of WUliam H. Prescott, Esq., it was Voted, — That the day when the status shaU be inaugurated be deter mined by the Committee on Design. The decease of Hon. Abbott Lawrence, who, from the com mencement of the undertaking had been the efficient Chairman of the Committee of Finance, made it necessary for that Com mittee to choose a new chairman. At a meeting held on the twelfth of October, 1855, on motion of Hon. Osmyn Brew ster, it was accordingly "Voted, — That the Honorable David Sears be appointed Chairman of this Committee, in place of the late Mr. Lawrence. Hon. Mr. Sears having accepted the appointment of the Finance Committee, a meeting of that body was held on the 366 APPENDIX. seventh of the subsequent November. The chairman made a verbal statement, exhibiting the condition of the funds, and expressing a desire that more money should be collected in order to defray the expenses of the pedestal and bas-reliefs. Whereupon, on motion of Hon. Stephen Fairbanks, it was Voted, — That in view of the circumstances of the times, and the fact that the present amount of funds in the hands of the treasurer is insufficient to pay the cost of four bas-reliefs, this committee recom mend that only one bas-reUef be contracted for, and placed on the front of the pedestal ; leaving the others to be added when the requisite funds shall be obtained. On motion of Daniel N. HaskeU, Esq., it was Voted, — That Messrs. Robert C. Winthrop and Frederic W. Lin coln, Jr., members of the Executive Committee, be ex officio members of the Finance Committee. The Statue Committee held a meeting at the house of Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, in Pemberton Square, on Thm'sday even ing, the seventeenth of January, 1856, it being the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of Franklin's birth. The attendance was large, the following members of the General Committee being present : — Messrs. Lincoln, Sears, Winthrop, Quincy, Brewster, Sparks, Bigelow, Appleton, Harris, Haskell, Fair banks, Stevenson, Sargent, Frothingham, Shurtleff, Wightman, Marvin, Kuhn, Hooper, Tufts, Chickering, Darracott, Thorn dike, Smith, King, Cowdin, Clark and Bates. In addition to the above were His Honor, A. H. Rice, Mayor of the City, Carlos Pierce, Esq., President of the Mercantile Library Asso ciation, and Charles W. G. Mansfield, Esq., President of the Franklin Tj^ographical Society. Hon. Mr. Winthrop presented the following statement from the Committee on Design : — HISTORY OF THE STATUE. 367 The fuU size model statue of FrankUn was submitted to the General Committee by the artist on the thirtieth of May last, and, on motion of Mr. Sparks, was unanunously approved and adopted. After havino- been detained, for a few weeks, for public exhibition, it was sent by the artist to Mr. Ames, at Chicopee, to be cast in bronze. Your Committee have no contract for the statue except that with Mr. Greenough, and, by the terms of that contract, he is to deUver to us a statue of Franklin in bronze on or before the nmeteenth day of August next, — that bemg just twenty-six months after the date of our original contract. The Committee, however, have the satisfaction of knowing that con siderable progress has been made in the casting, and that the statue wUl be in readmess quite as early m the summer as can be desired. The upper half has already been cast, and is in process of bemg finished. The lower half will probably be cast in the course of a few weeks, and should no unforeseen impediment present itself, the whole statue may be ready for its pedestal by the first of June. The state of Mr. Greenough's health and engagements has eaUed him to Europe, but, his part of the work bemg entirely done, there can be no delay or injury arising out of his absence. A considerable change has been made in the size and proportions of the pedestal, since it was originaUy designed, and the Committee are satisfied that both economy and elegance have been promoted by the alteration. Drawings of the pedestal now decided upon are herewith submitted. Separate contracts for the granite and marble work of this pedestal have been made. The granite blocks are in the course of being wrought, and wiU be in readiness at any time at which they could possibly be wanted. Vexatious delays have occurred in obtaining the Verd Antique mar ble, but the Committee have at length obtained satisfactory assurance that it wUl be seasonably furnished and prepared. The Committee have entered into no contracts for the bas-reliefs. At the last annual meeting it was understood that the funds already coUected would not suffice for the four bas-reliefs. But encouragement of the strongest kind was given that the amount would be made up in the course of the summer. The protracted iUness and lamented death of the late excellent Chairman of the Committee on Finance, (who was a member of the Executive Committee, also,) prevented any concerted measures being taken by that Committee until the state of the season, and of financial 368 APPENDIX. affairs, rendered any efforts hopeless. The, Committee of Finance, there fore, under its new organization, recommended to this Committee, on the seventh of November, that, in view of the circumstances of the times, and of the present amount of funds in the hands of the treasurer, only one bas-relief should be contracted for. As the annual meeting was not distant, your Committee thought it safer to defer the subject altogether. It was in contemplation that two of the bas-reliefs should be furnished by Mr. Thomas BaU, and, on his departure for Europe, he took materials for preparing models accordingly. But no drawings of compositions have yet been submitted by him, and the Committee would not have felt safe in giving orders until the designs had been previously approved. It is for the General Committee now to decide precisely what shall be done ; — your Sub-Committee having determined from the first to enter into no contracts, unless by express order, for which there was not money actually in hand. The four bas-reliefs might, perhaps, be ordered in plaster, and there would, probably, be a sufficient sum to pay for them, — leaving the cast ing in bronze to be contracted for hereafter, whenever the funds for this specific purpose should have been raised. The cost of the four, entirely finished, was estimated at $3,500. $8,200 would probably be sufficient. Of this sum about one half would be the cost of casting. Four hundred dollars apiece, or at most, five hundred, would pay for the composition and moulding. The statue and pedestal will make a perfect work by themselves, and may be set up without any regard to the bas-reliefs. Your Committee, however, are very reluctant to abandon the plan of portraying the great features of Franklin's history in the manner proposed. And they con sider it due particularly to the mechanic interest, and to the people of Boston, that he should be presented in the only relation which he ever held to Boston as a permanent resident, namely, that of the printer's apprentice at his press. At the meeting of the third of May, it was voted that the Committee on Design should fix the day for the inauguration of the statue. No action has yet been had on this point. The seventeenth of June and the fourth of July suggest themselves as obviously appropriate occasions. If any thing should delay the statue untU the full expiration of Mr. Greenough's contract, (the seventeenth of August,) the seventeenth of September, the birthday of Boston, or the third of September, when the definitive treaty of peace and independence was signed by Franklin and his col- HISTORY OF THE STATUE. 369 leagues, may be adopted. The locaUty of the statue must first, however, be decided upon, and that subject has not yet been delegated to any committee less than the whole number. In conclusion, the Executive Committee have the gratification of offer ing to the inspection of the Committee generally, a beautiful copy of the model as finally perfected by Mr. Greenough, reduced to a quarter size, and executed by Miss Florence Freeman, of this city. While it reflects the highest credit upon the accomplished young lady by whom it was moulded, it furnishes, also, a perfect fac-simile, in everything but size, of the statue, as it wiU come from the foundry in Springfield. Wliereupon, on motion of Dr. Jacob Bigelow, the report was unanimously accepted, and ordered to be placed on file. Hon. Mr. Sears, from the Committee of Finance, made a detailed report, showing that, although the funds so promptly and generously subscribed were ample for the completion of the statue, they were not sufficient for the casting of the four tablets in bas-relief representing prominent scenes in Frank lin's life, designed for the sides of the pedestal; and that the Committee had prudently voted to enter upon no contracts beyond their resources. Col. Thomas E. Chickering feelingly alluded to the recent bereavement of the Committee in the decease of their late associate, Hon. Abbott Lawrence, who had served very efficiently as the Chairman of the Committee of Finance, and offered the following resolution, which, on motion of Hon. Stephen Fairbanks was unanimously passed, every member sig nifying his approval and respect to the memory of the deceased by rising in their seats : — Eesolvedi — That we miss on this occasion, with the deepest regret, the famiUar and genial presence of our late honored and beloved fellow citizen, Abbott Lawrence, who had taken the liveliest and most active interest in the work committed to us, and whose .services, as one of the Executive Committee, and as Chairman of the Committee of Finance, have been so valuable in securing its successful completion. 370 APPENDIX. Several vacancies having occurred in the General Com mittee, by the decease of Hon. Abbott Lawrence and Thomas P. Cushing, Esq., from the portion selected from the citi zens at large, and of Mr. Kimball Gibson from the mem bers of the Mechanic Association, and by the declining of another person to serve, it was, on motion of Hon. Mr. Winthrop, Voted, — That the vacancies existing in the General Committee be filled. Whereupon, Messrs. James Lawrence and G. Howland Shaw were chosen on the part of the citizens at large, and Messrs. Benjamin Loring and L. MUes Standish on the part of the Association. The President of the Board of Trade was also added, as an ex officio member of the Committee. The vacancies having been thus filled, and the several addi tions having been made to the Committee, the body was from that time designated as the " Committee of Fifty " or the "Franklin Statue Committee." Conversation having arisen as to a suitable site for the statue, at the suggestion of Isaac Harris, Esq., an expression of the opinion of the Committee was taken by an informal vote; whereupon, it appeared that the fiirst choice of thirty persons was as follows : — For the square in front of City Hall, 12 For the Common, near West Street, 8 For Pemberton Square, 4 For the place in front of the State House, 3 For the square in front of ScoUay's Building, 1 For State Street, 1 For Franklin Place, 1 Other places were spoken of as second choices, such as the Common opposite the new library building, and opposite Win ter Street; and Haymarket Square. HISTORY OF THE STATUE. 371 Without taking any definite action, the whole subject was referred to a Committee consisting of Messrs. Lincoln, Sears, Winthrop, Sparks, Appleton, Fairbanks, and Hooper, who were requested to consider the subject and report. Hon. Jared Sparks offered some interesting remarks on the subject of the bas-reliefs, and urged the importance of pro viding the whole number originally intended ; whereupon it was unanimously Resolved, — That the Executive Committee be instructed to contract for the composition of the whole number of bas-reliefs originaUy intended for the statue ; leaving them to be cast in bronze when the means shall be provided. In addition to the many beautiful and elegant objects which are the permanent adornments of Mr. Winthrop's drawing- rooms, a statuette of the Franklin statue was exhibited of exceeding beauty and delicacy of finish. It was executed, under the eye of Mr. Greenough, by a young lady of this city, Miss Florence Freeman. After partaking of the bountiful repast provided by Mr. Winthrop, the meeting was dissolved. On the afternoon of the seventeenth of April, 1856, the FrankUn Statue Committee held a meeting in the Mayor's Room in City Hall, at which were present, Messrs. Lin coln, Winthrop, Fairbanks, Appleton, Smith, Shurtleff, Clark, Hooper, Lawrence, Standish, HaskeU, Thorndike, King, Bige low, Loring, Brewster and Bates, of the General Commit tee, and, also. His Honor the Mayor, and Messrs. Beebe and Woodwell, ex officio members. The Sub-Committee which was appointed on the seven teenth of January, to consider and report upon a suitable loca tion for the statue, submitted, through Hon. Mr. Winthrop, the foUowing resolution: — 372 APPENDIX. Eesolved, — That the square in front of the City HaU, in School Street, be the site for the statue of Franklin, provided satisfactory arrangements for its security can be made with the city authorities, by the committee of seven appointed at the meeting on the seventeenth of January. On motion of Hon. Mr. Brewster the resolution was adopted, receiving the unanimous vote of the persons present. Hon. Mr. Winthrop then offered the following resolution, which was also adopted without a dissenting vote: — Eesolved, — That the seventeenth day of September next, be the day for inaugurating the statue ; and that the same committee make preparations for a becoming ceremonial on the occasion, with authority to appoint any sub-committees which may become necessary from the com mittee at large. It was proposed at first to amend this resolution, by adding to it a formal request that Mr. Winthrop deliver an inaugural address on the occasion ; but, at his desire, the whole subject was left to the Committee. At this meeting it was announced that the statue had been cast, and, though in an unfinished state, was ready for in spection by the committee, and a considerable number of the members proceeded to the Chicopee foundry the next day to examine it. The Sub-Committee of seven, on the twenty-fifth of the same month, made a communication to His Honor, Mayor Rice, which was transmitted by him, on the twenty-eighth, to the City Coun cil, and met with a favorable reception ; a full detail of which will be found on the preceding pages of the Memorial. On the last mentioned day, the Finance Committee held a meeting, at which James Lawrence and G. Howland Shaw, Esquires, were chosen to fill existing vacancies. At this meet ing, on motion of John H. Thorndike, Esq., it was HISTORY OF THE STATUE. 373 Voted, — That the Executive Committee be requested to consider the expediency of preparing for pubUcation a history of the statue of Franklin, and the proceedings of the Committee charged with its construction. Preparatory to the inauguration of the statue, the Com mittee of Fifty held a meeting on the afternoon of Tuesday, the ninth day of September, 1856. The foUowing named members of the committee were present: — Messrs. Lincoln, Winthrop, Fairbanks, Brewster, Bigelow, Shurtleff, Hooper, Harris, Smith, Lawrence, Cowdin, Thorndike, Loring; Has keU, Tufts, Clark, King, Standish, Kuhn, Blanchard and Bates ; and, also, James M. Beebe, Esq., the President of the Board of Trade, the President of the Mechanic Apprentices Library Association, and the President of the Franklin Typo graphical Society. The sub-committee of seven reported the result of their commission, presenting a copy of their letter to the Mayor, and the subsequent action thereon by the City Council, together with the order of exercises for the inauguration; and the report was, on motion of Mr. Harris, accepted, and the action of the committee unanimously approved. It having been stated at the meeting that most of the socie ties and associations would appear in the procession with some distinguishing mark, on motion of Hon. Stephen Fairbanks, it was Voted, — That the Secretary be authorized to procure and send to each member of the Committee a badge, to be wom on the occasion, with the words, "Franklin Statue Committee" printed upon it. Messrs. Lincoln, Winthrop, Sears, Hooper, Brewster and Thorndike, were appointed a committee vpith full powers to examine the statue after its arrival in Boston, and, if in their opinion satisfactory, then formally to approve and accept the same. 374 APPENDIX. This last service was duly performed by Messrs. Hooper and Thorndike, in behalf of the committee and at their request, previous to the inauguration of the statue. The statue was brought to the city on Friday, the twelfth day of September, and, under the direction of the same gen tlemen, was placed upon its pedestal early the next morning, properly encased and hidden from view until the signal was given, during the inaugural services, for its being unveiled. The statue having thus been inaugurated on the seven teenth of September, 1856, nothing now remains for the com pletion of the duty assigned to the committee, except the preparation and insertion of the bas-reliefs in the four sides of the pedestal. This portion of the work is in such a sat isfactory state of progress that it is hoped that the final duties of the Statue Committee will be terminated before another birthday of the great Bostonian. DESCRIPTION OP THE STATUE. The statue is eight feet in height, and is cast in bronze of a rich, golden color. Franklin is represented in the costume of the age in which he lived, the dress being modelled from that belonging to the Massachusetts Historical Society, and which was worn by the great original while at the court of France, and has the appearance of being trimmed with fur, a kind of ornament very much used by Franklin in his advanced life. The attitude of the figure is easy, and yet exhibits a firm and manly form. Under the left arm is held a continental hat, while the right hand holds a rep resentation of the old crab-tree walking stick which Franklin bequeathed to Washington, with such honorable mention in his last will. The foundation of the statue is from the picture of Duplessis, the form and lineaments of the head and face being taken from the original bust by Houdon, once the valued prop erty of Jefferson, but now, by the gift of Joseph Coolidge, Esq., DESCREPTION OF THE STATUE. 375 one of the choice treasures of the Boston Athena3um. The expression of the face is singularly placid and benignant, while at the same time it is thoughtful and dignified, and seemingly unconscious of the public gaze. The personification of the great original is not so much that of the renowned statesman and practical philosopher, as of the man and citizen, in the simple repose of virtue and honesty, bearing the marks of true mental greatness. The base of the bronze which supports the statue has cut upon its western face the words " R. S. Green ough fecit," and upon the easterly face an inscription denoting that the cast was made by the Ames Manufacturing Company of Chicopee. The statue stands upon a beautiful pedestal, wrought from Verd Antique marble, and supported upon a granite basement, both designed by Henry Greenough, Esq., a brother of the artist of the statue. The basement upon which the pedestal is placed is formed of two blocks of massive Quincy granite. The lower, or foundation stone, is about seven feet square, and the upper about six feet square ; both together being four and one half feet in height. The four faces of the granite have the foUow ing inscriptions: On the south side, fronting School street, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, BORN IN BOSTON, 17 JANUARY, 1706. DIED IN PHILADELPHIA,- 17 APRIL, 1790. On the North side, fronting the City Hall, ERIPUIT C(ELO FULMEN SCEPTRUMQUE TYRANNIS. On the east side, DECLARATION OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE, 4 JULY, 1776. 376 APPENDIX. And on the west side, THE TREATY OF PEACE AST) INDEPENDENCE, 3 SEPTEMBER, 1783. The pedestal, which stands upon the granite basement, is constructed in three parts, neatly jointed with each other, and secured together by strong cement. The material is Verd Antique marble, and was obtained from the quarries in the town of Roxbury, in the state of Vermont. The base meas ures four feet six and one half inches square, and one foot in height, and is composed of several members — plinth, torus, fillet, and cavetto, the latter connecting it with the die. The die is four feet square, horizontally measured, and three feet and six inches in height ; and it contains on each of its four faces a sunken panel, for the four bronze bas-reliefs, which are hereafter to be inserted in their places when completed. The bas-reliefs have been assigned to two different artists, and will represent prominent scenes in the life and public career of Franklin ; the one in front will exhibit Franklin at his press, and will be executed at the expense of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association; the one in the back panel will show Franklin and his kite drawing electricity from the clouds ; the third, for the eastern panel, will represent Frank lin signing the Declaration of Independence ; and the fourth, for the remaining panel, will present Franklin signing the definitive treaty of peace and independence with Great Britain. The two former are to be executed by Richard S. Greenough, Esq. ; the two latter by Thomas Ball, Esq., a resident Bostonian, wlio lias already acquired an enviable reputation as an artist. The cap measures four feet eight and one half inches on each of its four sides, and one foot in height ; and is composed of fillet, ovolo, facia, apophyges and fillet, forming the abacus, six inches high ; and a flat chamfer above the abacus, united by a quick curve, at a depth of thirteen and one quarter inches, to a shaft two feet and six NOTICE OF THE ARTIST. 377 inches square, for the base of the statue, takes up the remain ing six inches. The connecting joints of the three parts of the pedestal, are above the fillet of the cap, and below the fillet of the base, thereby making it necessary that these fillets should be raised in the stone of which the die is formed, and with which they are connected by graceful curves. The abacus is exactly of the same size as the fillets, (three quarters of an inch,) and shows, with them, the high finish and cohesive quality of the marble. The whole height of the pedestal is five feet and six inches. The Verd Antique used for its construction weighed about twelve tons when taken from the quarry, and about ten tons when worked. It was wrought into form by Joseph Carew, Esq., at his workshop in Harrison Avenue, who is deserving of much praise for the artistic, faithful and prompt manner in which he per formed the very arduous and important work. The basement and pedestal occupying about ten feet in height, the whole elevation of the statue, with its support, is about eighteen feet. NOTICE OF THE ARTIST. The foUowing facts relating to the personal history of the accomplished sculptor, by whose artistic skill the statue of Franklin has been produced, are derived from authentic som-ces ; and it is hoped that the propriety of giving to the pubUc a brief outline of the life and labors of the young and gifted artist will not be questioned, nor considered as tres passing too much upon the sacred privacy of one who has so indelibly connected himself with the fine arts of his home ; and especiaUy, when given in connection with the history and description of one of his principal works, which has become now one of the historical landmarks of the city of his edu cation. 378 APPENDIX. Richard Saltonstall Greenough, Esq., was born at Jamaica Plain, Roxbury, Mass., on the twenty-seventh of April, 1819. He is the youngest of eleven children, (five sons and six daughters,) of David and Elizabeth Greenough. In boyhood he gave strong indications of a taste and capacity for the fine arts, particularly by his love of music, which was developed at a remarkably early period of life ; for before he could speak plainly he frequently sung simple ballads in perfect time and tune, to an accompaniment played on the piano by his sisters. A correct ear for time and tune, and the enjoyment of musical harmony has been considered by good judges as among the strongest evidences of an artistic organization. Bartolini, the late celebrated Florentine sculptor, whenever a young pupil was presented to him for instruction, instead of examining specimens of what he had done, used to ask the lad to whistle some tune he was familiar with, and if the trial showed a cor rect ear, he would say, " You have the capacity, if you choose to study."During his father's residence at Jamaica Plain, Mr. Green ough was placed at the school of Mr. Charles W. Greene ; and on the removal of the family to Boston he entered the public Latin school, where he remained imtil he had attained the age of about seventeen years. At this time, having decUned a col lege education, for which he was amply prepared, he was placed by his father in the counting-room of two elder brothers, who were then in active business as commission merchants, in Boston ; and it is a curious coincidence, that his ExeeUency, Governor Gardner, who was present officially at the inaugura tion of Greenough's statue of Franklin, was also at the same time in the same mercantile house. Although carefully attentive to his duties during the time spent with his brothers, he began, especially during the last year of that time, to show a strong inclination for the pro fession which he afterwards chose. Much of his time was spent in modelling and drawing. The example of his elder NOTICE OF THE ARTIST. 379 brother, Horatio, the advantages of hearing matters relating to art daily discussed at home, and a consequent famUiarity with the requirements of art, spared him the necessity of blindly groping his way, or misdirecting his studies. His progress was steady and healthful. In 1836 his father died, and in 1837-8 young Richard, being now at the age of eighteen or nineteen, an age when he might be supposed capable of choosing his path in life, his brothers decided to send him to Europe, to pursue the profession of sculpture, under the guidance of his well known brother, Horatio. He accordingly embarked in a vessel bound from Boston to Trieste. After visiting Venice he proceeded, by that most charming of routes, through Padua, Ferrara and Bologna, to Florence. Here he immediately com menced a regular course of study, drawing and modelling from life, and studying anatomy. In the rich galleries of Flor ence, and the numerous studios of eminent artists, he daily breathed that atmosphere of art for which genius pines and withers elsewhere. His health, however, began to faU in the course of a year, and he returned to Boston, where he soon regained his health, and resumed his studies. The first work which recommended him to the public, was a marble bust of WUliam H. Prescott, Esq., the historian, casts of which are so common in Boston. From this time he was constantly em ployed in executing portraits or fancy heads, and occasionally a statuette. In the year 1848, having married two or three years pre viously, he embarked for Europe, with his wife. He remamed in Florence only six or seven months, and thence proceeded to Rome, where he established himself for four or five years. WhUe at Rome he was constantly employed. Among his works at this time might be mentioned numerous portraits in marble, a statue of Cupid warming an icicle with his torch, now in the possession of John A. Lowell, Esq., and the model of a group representing the struggle of a shepherd boy with an eagle whose nest he had robbed. The plaster model of this 380 APPENDIX. group received its finishing touches in Boston, whither he returned in September, 1853. On its completion it was cast in bronze at Chicopee, Mass., at the foundry of Messrs. Ames, and was exhibited at the Boston Athenaeum gallery. The success of this work probably induced the Franklin Statue Committee to apply to him for a design of the statue. This was immediately modelled, and a contract was made for the statue. On its completion Mr. Greenough returned to Europe, and established himself in Paris, where he is now engaged in executing several commissions, the principal one of which is a marble statue of John Winthrop, under whose lead as Governor, the Company of the Massachusetts Bay, with the original charter, was transferred to New England in 1630, which is to be placed in the chapel at Mount Auburn. Two of Mr. Greenough's brothers, Horatio and John, have been favorably known to the public by their skiU in sculpture and painting, and their early deaths have been greatly lamented. Another brother, Henry, has made himself distinguished by his well known good taste in architecture and the kindred arts. Long may the life of the artist of the Franklin statue be spared to earn new laurels, and enrich his native state with choice works of genius and art, and imperishable memorials of Ulustrious benefactors of the human race. LETTERS IN ANSWER TO INVITATIONS. Invitations to attend the ceremonies of inauguration of the statue were sent to the descendants, and many of the relatives of Franklin, and to distinguished persons in various parts of the United States who had exhibited peculiar interest in raising a memorial to his memory, and also to the city authorities of Philadelphia, the city of his early choice and adoption, and in which he passed a large portion of his maturer years, and where he acquired his fame for industry, for the practical vir- REPLIES TO INVITATIONS. 381 tues, for phUosophical investigations, and for patriotism and statesmanship. It was deeply regretted that circumstances which could not have been foreseen prevented the seasonable transmission and reception of some of the invitations, and that the occasion was deprived of the presence of more than one of the nearest relatives of Franklin by the accident of a mis taken address. By a letter received from Hon. WiUiam J. Duane soon after the festival, it appeared that nothing but such an accident had prevented the oldest surviving descend ant of Franklin, with her husband, from being present. The following letters were among the answers received. Coast Survey Station, Mt. Desert, Maine, Sept. 12, 1856. Dear Sir, — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your invitation of the tenth instant, to attend the ceremonies of the inauguration of the statue of Benjamin Franklin, on the seventeenth ; and regret ex tremely that arrangements connected with my coast survey duties, and which I cannot now change, must prevent my attendance on that very interesting occasion. Very respectfully yours, Farnham Plummer, Esq., A. D. BACHE. Chairman, &c. Philadelphia, Sept. 12, 1856. Dear Sir, — I have just received your letter, inviting me to partici pate in the ceremonies at the inauguration of the statue of Franklin, to take place in your city on the seventeenth instant. It is with extreme regret that I have to say that my engagements here are such as to put it out of my power to attend. Under other circumstances it would have given me great pleasure to witness this demonstration, on the part of the citizens of Boston, in honor of my great ancestor. Very respectfuUy yours, FEANKLIN BACHE. Faknham Plummek, Esq., Chairman, &c. 382 APPENDIX. Sydenham, near Philadelphia, Sept. 14, 1856. Dear Sir, — The very obliging invitation of the Committee of Arrange ments, which you have had the goodness to convey to me, to participate in the ceremonies of the seventeenth instant at the inauguration of Ffank- lin's statue at Boston, merits my best acknowledgments. I appreciate under their largest aspects the interest and solemnity of the occasion, which wUl be greatly enhanced by the ceremony occurring on the anni versary of the settlement of Boston; and I proportionably lament my inabiUty to be present. Tendering my sincere and grateful thanks to the Committee for the honor of the invitation, I pray you, dear Sir, to believe me, Most respectfully, your obedient servant, EICHAED RUSH. To Farnham Plummer, Esq., Chairman of the Committee. New Fork, Sept. 12, 1856. To the Hon. Farnham Plummer, Chairman. Dear Sir, — I have just received your kind invitation to unite in the celebration of the seventeenth instant, for the inauguration of the statue of Franklin, at Boston. No one can be more alive to the honor you have thus conferred on me, and no one can more deeply regret that circum stances of a peculiar nature may possibly forbid my participation in so signal an event. If, however, I can accomplish it, I shall assuredly be with you on so patriotic and solemn an occasion. I rejoice, with a satis faction unspeakable, that Massachusetts has at length brought herself to the performance of a duty too long neglected, and that that noble and distinguished State, so rich in intellectual and moral worth, is now about to give a demonstration worthy of the occasion which has summoned her great and good men to do homage to that most Ulustrious and exalted character. Prolific as your indigenous excellence may be, neither your historical associations nor your phUosophical records contain another mor tal who can approach the tablet on which is inscribed the name of Franklm. He is one of those few creations which God, in his mfinite beneficence, gives to a nascent nation, as their aid and counsellor, effect ively to rear up their moral, their physical, and their intellectual greatness. On the broad foundation of his intuitive sagacity and ethical principles. REPLIES TO INVITATIONS. 383 the whole repubUc must ever recognize him as their great and exalted instructor ; and phUosophy looks m vam for another bemg equaUy pro found and subUme in her researches into the hidden mysteries of nature. He stands alone as the discoverer and expositor of an entire science, whose laws he has expounded with the keenest perception of her wondrous powers. To no other individual recorded in human annals can such an award be granted. And it may be added, that unlUie aU other discov erers in vast concerns, no one has ever dared to impugn the originaUty of his investigations and the exclusive right on which they rest. This, indeed, is a rare felicity in an age which has attempted to deprive even Luther of his Old Hundred psalmody ; which has awakened new conten tions in the mathematical world touching the special merits of Leibnitz and Newton ; the claims of Servetus and of Harvey ; the originaUty of Sir Humphrey Davy. Yes : there was one occurrence in his varied life which seemed for a moment to disturb the placid tenor of his great career, and which I must not forget. The contest which sprung up among the electricians at that eventful period in American history, when the insurgent colonists had awakened to the study of their inherent rights, was coincident with the recognition of Franklin's merits with his sharp pointed conductors, and with the British opposition thereto, urged by poUtical motives and regal countenance. In answer to the presumptuous request of George HI. made to Pringle, Sir John fearlessly replied, " Sire, I cannot reverse the laws and operations of Nature;" a noble reply, which, however, lost him the presidency of the Eoyal Society; but yet, most opportune for our beloved Franklin, a higher arbiter than Sir John aided in hife reUef, and cleared away aU doubts. A thunderbolt received by a blunt conductor produced a destmctive scene among his Majesty's magazines of naval and mUitary stores, and left FrankUn with the argument of Jove to confirm the truth in this electrical quarrel ; and how calmly he expresses himself at this eventful moment in his briUiant career. " I never," says he, " en tered into any controversy in defence of my philosophical opinions. I leave them to take their chance in the world. If they are right, trath and experience wiU support them ; if wrong, they ought to be refuted and rejected." With God on his side now, as he was when he encountered the subtle Wedderbume, the serene and benevolent sage ever preserved his wonted equanimity m the zenith of his highest earthly success. If we contemplate Franklin as our political father, we find that in the gravest difficulties his wisdom was our guide ; we haU Mm as the origmal 384 APPENDIX. projector of our Union ; as our mentor in our revolutionary struggle, and the negotiator of our triumphant peace. In whatever capacity we study him, from his juvenile pursuits as a humble printer, through the whole range of his extraordinary life, down to the close of his advanced mortal existence, we recognize his heroic perseverance amidst greatest difficulties, his incorruptible integrity, and his lofty patriotism. Common sense reigns dominant in every act and in every sentiment. His aphorisms, deduced from life and letters, are fi-aught with the wisdom of Solon, and, though debarred the privileges of classical education, his writings, even in abstract disquisitions, are stamped with a beauty of diction and a clearness and simplicity of style that the ripest Oxonian might essay to rival. But it is unnecessary here to enlarge. He has, years ago, found worthy memorialists of his consummate services for the benefit of aU time in the tributes to his genius from the loftiest minds of both hemi spheres; and your scholars, Sparks, Everett and Winthrop, with many others, have commemorated his life and his actions in strains of strongest laudation. As true Bostonians your people must have long taken deUght in gathering up the incidents of the early life and juvenile period of Frank lin, in the city of his birth. I hope they may in season find a suitable record : and PhUadelphia, who has so largely profited by his councils and his works, honored as she is as the depository of his sacred remains, cannot much longer continue silent on a theme which challenges fuUer inquu-y of a life that so prominently displayed itself for her benefit and renown. When a boy, I had the Glasgow edition of Franklin's Autobi ography given me. Lost in wonder at his industry, his economy, his achievements and his philanthropy, I soon hastened to the conclusion that he was the man of his age, and the first of mortals ; nor has the experi ence and reading of more than half a century led to a different conclu sion. With such feeUngs I have, therefore, studied what I could of Franklin in New York : you doubtless remember the account he gives of his fitrst interview with Gov. Burnett, and his subsequent correspondence with Lieut. Gov. Golden. Some forty-five years ago I diUgently read that voluminous interchange of opinions and sentiments which that corres pondence contains. Then was brought to light the circumstance of his being the projector of the American Philosophical Society, by the pubU cation of his proposals, and the agency he had with Colden in the discovery of his process of stereotyping, afterwards adopted by Didot. I found, by examination of his letters, that some of his most brilUant REPLIES TO INVITATIONS. 385 experiments m electricity were made in New York, and that his observa tory was the steeple of the New Dutch Eeformed Church, now occupied as our post office ; that he was lamentably in want of proper apparatus to prosecute his investigations, and that, finding no competent artisan to do the work, with characteristic energy, he with his own hands completed an electrical machine which effectively answered his purpose. His delec table companionship with Alexander, the lawyer, with John Stevens, a name associated with raUway projects, with Dr. John Bard, with Presi dent Johnson, of Kings CoUege : his occasional dinners with the patriotic Col. Henry Eutgers, &c., are among the reminiscences furnished me some forty years since, by our then " oldest inhabitants." The last time he appeared in New York, about 1788-9, he was impeded in his pedes trian movements by large multitudes at different stations, who saluted him with reverential courtesy. At the head of WaU Street, in Broad way, opposite the portico of old Trinity Church, the throng of people was great indeed. His costume was like that set forth in the French statuette, — that famiUar ornament of so many rooms and studies. When we had our Croton Water Works Celebration Franklin's old London printing press moved in procession, and was used in striking off notices of the great ceremony. I have now before me the walking cane he used in his occasional exercise in PhUadelphia, near the time of his last fatal illness. It was given me by Mr. Phillips, a young man who received some notice from Franklin. You must teU Mr. Sparks that within the last six weeks I have dis-' covered, in the possession of a professional gentleman now among us, an original oU miniature portrait of Franklin, weU executed by Stibbs. It was done when FrankUn was last at Trenton, N. J. The costume is like that of Martui's ; he appears considerably older, and with longer flowing locks. On my first visit to SU Joseph Banks, in London, in 1816, he remarked, "You, Sir, are of the country of Franklin," and pomted to his portrait; and I found this expression not unfrequently used abroad when Americans were addressed: a vast nation baptized in his name ! I hasten to conclude this long letter with a sentiment which I once gave at the Franklin Typographical Association of this city. I would offer a better were I able : " Electricity : The Mercuiy of the elements, whose rapid movement and infinite adaptation are typical of American genius : Franklin brought 386 APPENDIX. him from Heaven, and Morse taught him to carry the messages of Earth." With profound regard and esteem, your obedient servant, JOHN W. FEANCIS. Franklin Square, New York, Sept. 15, 1856. My dear Sir, — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your invitation to attend the inauguration of the statue of Franklin, on the seventeenth instant. I had fully resolved to avaU myself of your kind invitation ; for no private business should have prevented me from being present upon the occasion when the good city of Boston, on the anniversary of its settle ment, honors itself by thus worthUy honoring its great citizen, Benjamin Franklin. But, deeply to my regret, I have been appointed Foreman of the Grand Jury of the U. S. Supreme Court, now in session in this city; and this renders it wholly beyond my power to be absent from New York, even for a day. Permit me to congratulate the City of Boston upon its possession of this noble monument ; and accept my wannest thanks for the honor you have conferred upon me. With thanks and respects, Your obedient servant. To Farnham Plummer, Esq., JAMES HAEPEE. Chairman, &o. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. The foUowing list embraces all the names of the contributors to the subscription for procuring the statue, and its pedestal and bas-reliefs, that have come to the knowledge of the Treas urer, and has been prepared and furnished by him for publica tion. The names of several persons, chiefly among the Franklin medal scholars, who have been deceased for many years, appear in the list, contributions having been made in their names by relatives or friends. The sums subscribed have, severally. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. 387 varied from one dollar to three hundred; though smaller amounts have been collected through the medium of boxes without the names of the more humble donors. Abbot Ezra Lincoln Abbott George W. & Abbott Henry W. Adams Edward F. Adams Edward L. Adams Gardiner Adams Henry Adams John Q. Adams Nathaniel Adams O. J. Adams Seth Adams Simeon P. Adams WiUiam Adler John Ainsworth J. F. Alden L. C. Alden WiUiam C. Alexander Ebenezer Alexander Whittaker Alger Cyrus Allen Calvin AUen Charies H. AUen Francis G. AUen G. Allen Harriet E. Allen Henry F. Allen Samuel E. AUen W. E. AUen Washington AUen, Whiting, Lane AUey Charles E. AUyn John Almy Henry Almy John P. Almy Eobert B. Co. Ahny Thomas E. Almy WiUiam F. Amee John Ammidown Holmes Amory Charles Amory WUUam Anderson Alexander Andrews A. A. Andrews Kobert Andrews WiUiam T. Appleton Caroline Leroy Appleton Charles H. Appleton Daniel W. Appleton George W. Appleton Harriot Appleton Julia P. Applet»n Nathan H. Appleton Samuel A. Appleton Samuel Jr. Appleton Thomas G. Appleton William Arklay Jessie Arklay Patrick Arklay Walter Armington H. E. Armstrong George W. Armstrong WiUiam C. AspinwaU Augustus & Washburn Aspinwall Samuel Atherton B. F. Atherton, Stetson & Co. Atkins C. B. Atkins, Stedman & Co. 388 APPENDIX, Atkinson B. C. Atkinson Edward Atwell Charles E. Atwood Charles H. Austin Edward Austin J. Whitney Austin James T. Babcock Charles A. Babcock Charles Augustus, Jr. Babcock Francis Eaton Babcock John G. Babcock & Coolidge Bacon D. G. & W. B. Bacon Daniel, Jr. Bacon George Bacon John, Jr. Bacon Eobert Bacon Z. M. Badger Daniel B. Badger Joseph W. BaUey Albon H. BaUey Edwin C. Bailey Henry E. Bailey Job F. Bailey Joseph T. Baird George Baker Alphonso Baker Ezra H. Baker Frederic Baker G. A. Baker I. F. Baker Theodore Baloh Edward L. Balch Joseph W. Balch William Y. Baldwin Aaron Baldwin Albert Baldwin Luke, Jr. Austin S. H. Austin Samuel Austin, Sumner & Co. Austin Thomas Austin WUliam E. Ayer Daniel AyUng Henry A. Baldwin W. H. Baldwin & Stone BaU Charles W. Ballard Frederick L. Ballard Joseph Banchor & Boyden Bancroft Joseph H. Bangs Isaiah Banker & Carpenter Bannister John F. Barham E. H. Barnard Charles & Brothers Barnard David Barnes' C. B. Barnes Joseph H. Barnes Thomas P. Bamett Mary E. Barnett Eobert Barney Christopher C. Barrett E. T. Barry Charles C. Barry Charles Thomas Barry Henry Barry Horace W. Barry James Barry John L. Barry M. 0. Bartlett Harriet M. Bartlett Hosea Bartlett T. P. Bartol Elizabeth H. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. 589 Barton W. E. Bass Moses Bass S. G. Batchelder M. C. Batchelder, Mann & Co. Bates James Bates James W. Bates John Bates John A. Jr. Bates Joseph L. Bates Samuel D. Baxter George, Jr. Baxter James F. G. Baxter John J. Baxter Thompson Bayley Charles H. Bazin Thomas H. Beal Benjamin Beal George W. Beal Thacher Beal Warren S. Beals Samuel Beals WUUam Bean Aaron H. Beard A. W. Bedlington Samuel M. Beebe Francis L. Bell James B. Bellamy WiUiam BeUows George L. Bemis Isaac Bemis WiUiam A. Bennett F. E. Bennett J. Benson F. A. Benson M. D. Bent A. A. Betteley Albert Bigelow Abraham 0. Bigelow Clara Bigelow Francis E. Bigelow Horatio Bigelow John Bigelow John P. Bigelow Prescott BUlings WiUiam G. Binney B. S. Binney Matthew Birchard Charles Bird I. A. Bird Joshua P. BU-d W. 2d Blake George P. Blake George T. Blake, Howe & Co. Blake Pinson Blake WiUiam Blakeman WUUam Blanchard, Converse & Co. Blanchard Edward Blanchard George S. Blanchard Hezekiah Blanchard Thomas Blasland Edward B. BUss E. BUss J. W. Block Abraham F. Blodget John W. Blodgett H. W. H. Blodgett I. D. Bogle WiUiam Bogman & Kimball Boise L. D. Bond Charles Bond Joseph C. Bond Eichard F. Bond WiUiam Cranch Bonney Pelham 390 APPENDIX. Borrowscale John Bosworth Hiram Bothamly George Bouv^ Thomas T. Bowditch J. Ingersoll Bowditch Nathaniel I. Bowdlear S. G. Bowen Francis Bowen George Bowen William P. Bowers John L. Bowthorp E. T. Boyd James Boyd James Patten Boyd Joseph Boyden Dwight Boynton W. B. Brackett I. Louis Brackett Jeffrey E. Bradbury John H. Bradford Frederick A. Bradford Lodovick H. Bradford Martin L. Bradish A. H. Bradish N. I. Bradlee F. H. Bradlee James B. Bradlee Josiah Bradlee Nathaniel J. Bradlee Samuel Bradley Benjamin Bradley H. S. Bradley J. W. Bragg S. A. B. Bramhall William Breck Joseph & Son Breed Aaron Breed Horace A. Brewer Clark Brewer Gardner Brewer John E. Brewer Oliver T. Brewer Otis Brewster Osmyn Briggs BUlings Briggs George W. Brigham E. D. & Co. Brigham John Brigham WUliam H. Brimmer Martin Brooks Benjamin F. Brooks Charles Henry Brooks George Brooks N. P. Brooks W. G. Jr. Brooks William G. Brooks Williams B. Brown Augustus Brown Benjamin H. Brown Charles W. Brown E. Brown Edwin Brown F. H. Brown George H. Brown George H. Brown J. W. Brown Jacob H. Brown James Brown John C. I. Jr. Brown John P. Brown Mary E. Brown Nathaniel Brown Seth E. Brown W. H. Brown William A. Jr. Browne Cansten Browne Charles Browne Edward I. & Co. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. 391 Browne Francis S. BrowneU Isaac A. Bruce George Bryant Gridley J. F. Bryant Seth Bryant Walter BuUard Charles Bumstead Horace Bmbank James P. T. Burchstead Benjamin Burdett Henry Burditt Charles A. Burgess H. H. Bmke P. B. Burley Jacob N. Burlingame Anson Burnham Gershom Burnham T. 0. H. P. Burr Brothers & Co. Burr Isaac T. Burr Theophilus Burrage, Blake & Co. BurriU W. H. Burton W. Bush J. Butler Eber Byram H. 0. B. E. K. Cabot Henry Callender George CaUender Eichard B. CaUender, Eogers & HUton CampbeU & Harwood Capen Barnard Capen Charles J. Capen F. W. Capen Francis L. Capen Joseph H. Carey Hugh CarU Samuel F. Carlton WiUiam Cames WUUam E. Carruth Nathan Carter Albert Carter, Cooper & Co. Carter George F. Carter Henry Carter Samuel Cartwright Charles W. Gary Alpheus Cary Isaac CasseU Edmund D. Caverly Charles, Jr. Cazneau Isaac Chadbourn Seth Chaffin John C. Chamberlain Thomas Chamberlain & Foster Chambers John G. Champney Charles S. Champney E. W. & Co. Champney James H. Chandler Henry H. Chandler John K. Chandler & Company Chapman A. P. & Co. Chapman Ozias G. Chase F. F. Chase, Gibson & Co. Chase H. L. Chase Irah, Jr. Cheever George H. Cheever Simon G. Chenery & Co. Cherrington WiUiam P. Chester WilUam F. 392 APPENDIX. Chickering C. F. Chickering Charles E. Chickering G. H. Chickering Horatio Chickering T. E. Child Franklin D. Child G. H. Child George F. Childs Francis Chilson Gardner Chipman G. H. Jr. Chism Samuel Choate Charles Church F. L. ChurchiU WiUiam Claflin Wilbur P. Clapp Charles W. Clapp David Clapp James B. Cla]3p Stephen E. Clapp Stephen Eowe Clapp Washington Clapp & Goddard Clark A. A. Clark Bradley M. Clark Edward D. Clark George H. Clark J. W. & Co. Clark James Clark John L Clark Metcalf B. Clark Nathan Clark WiUiam T. Cleveland H. J. Cobb G. W. Coburn G. W. Coddington Edwai-d Codman Edward Coffin N. E. Coffin WUliam B Coffin William E. Coggins Edward Colbum WilUs H. Colby Gardner Cole Charles H. Cole Horatio G. Jr. Coleman Lewis Collier E. Hayden, Jr. CoUins G. F. Colman George Comer John W. Conant S. B. Condon WUliam J. Conlehen WiUiam Conley Charles C. Conley Samuel B. Connor C. A. Converse Edmund W. Converse James C. Cook James M. Cook John H. Cook W. T. Cook WilUam A. Coolidge Jennie L. Coolidge Joseph Cooper E. T. Cooper Samuel Copeland Charles Copeland Charles S. Copeland Thomas Copp John G. Corr Bernard Cotton Joseph Cowdin John Cowdin T. W. Craft Charles Craft George A. Cram George W. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. 393 Crane Edward Crehore Edward Crehore WiUiam Crocker Uriel Crocker WiUiam H. Crosby Joseph B. Crosby Samuel T. Crosby WiUiam Cross H. C. CroweU Timothy Crowninshield Louisa Cummings Daniel & Co. Cummings John, Jr. Cunningham Andrew Cunningham Brothers Currant John F. Currier Hugh M. Curry C. Curtis Charles P. Curtis Joseph Curtis Nathaniel, Jr. Curtis, Sampson & Co. Curtis Samuel Curtis Thomas B. Curtis Thomas J. Cushing Frederick Cushing John Cushing John P. Cushing Perez Cushing Eoland Cushing Samuel T. Cushing Thomas P. Cushman Freeman L. Cutler L. A. Cutler WiUiam H. Cutter G. W. Cutter M. J. Cutter Micah Cutting Charles A. Daggett Henry L. Dale E. A. H. Dale Ebenezer, Jr. Dale Maiy B. Dale WUUam J. Jr. Dalton Michael Damon John Dana 0. H. Danforth Henry E» Darling G. A. P. Darracott George Davenport Henry- Davenport John Davies Daniel Davis Barnabas Davis George P. Davis Gilman Davis H. C Davis L G. Davis -James, Jr. Davis John F. Davis John H. Davis Eobert S. Day Albert, Jr. Day EUa Maria Day Mary Lizzie Deane Charles Deland Thomas James Demond T. D. Denison W. B. Dennett WiUiam H. Dennie George Dennis Enoch P. Dennison E. B. Dennison I. N. & Co. Denny Clarence Holbrook 50 394 APPENDIX. Denny Daniel Denny Daniel, Jr. Denny Francis P. Denny George P. Denny Henry Gardner Denny John Ware Deshon Daniel Dexter Anson Dickinson Prescott DiUaway Enoch S. Jr. Dillaway William DiUon James Dingley Pelham W. Ditson Oliver Dix Joseph DixweU John J. Dobson Isaac F. Dodd B. Dodd John A. Doe Charles H. Doe Freeman I. Doe Josej)h M. Doggett Samuel Domett Henry W. Dore John C. Doit C. A. Dorr Charles H. Douglass A. Jr. Dow James B. Dow Stephen Downer Samuel, Jr. Downes Henry S. Drake Samuel G. Draper Alonzo G. Draper Samuel Dresser Jacob A. Drew Joseph L. Drew Joseph L. Jr. Drury Gardner P. Dugan Eben W. Dugan Theodore H. Dunbar Melzar Dunham I. F. Dunham Thomas H. Dunn James C. Dunton Samuel Dupee James A. Durant Henry F. Durant William Dutton E. P. Dutton, Eichardson & Co. Dutton & Wentworth Dyer Henry W. Eastburn John H. Easterbrook Charles G. Eaton Charles F. Eaton Ezra Eaton William Eddy G. W. Eddy Eobert H. Edmands J. WUey Edmands William Otis Edney George P. Edson George Edwards, Nichols & Co. Edwards Oliver Egan James Eldridge Oliver & Co. EUot Charles W. ElUs C. M. Ellis Calvin F. EUis E. H. Ellison George W. Elms James C. Emerson Charles LIST OP CONTRIBUTORS. 395 Emerson Elijah C. Emerson Parker Emmes Samuel & Co. Emmons Nathaniel H. Emmons S. Frank Emmons Stephen Emmons Thomas Eustis Joseph Evans Franklin Evans John D. Evans WUliam Everett Edward Everett OUver C. Ewer Charles Fairbanks Stephen Farlow John S. Famsworth Isaac D. Farr Henry P. Farrington E. T. FarweU A. G. & Co. Faxon Georgiana Faxon John Faxon Nathaniel Faxon WiUiam Fay GUbert P. Fay Harrison Fay, Jones & Stone Fearing, Thacher & Whiton Felt George W. Felt Samuel G. Felton John E. Fenno Isaac Fenno J. Brooks Femald Oliver J. Femald Samuel H. Fessenden Charles B. Field Bamum W. Field George G. Field WUUam E. Fields George A. Fields James T. Fisher John H. Fisher & Co. Fishers & Chapin Fiske Edwin L. Fiske George A. Fiske J. B. Fitch Jonas Fitch L. N. Flagg Augustus Flanders WUUam M. Flint D. B. Flmt, Peabody & Co. Flmt Waldo Fogg & Houghton Foley Henry W. FoUett W. Julien Folsom Frederick Foque Theodore W. Forbes WUliam W. Ford Daniel K. Forrest Gordon Foskitt Ebenezer Foss WUUam A. Foster A. A. Foster E. B. & Co. Foster Eben B. Jr. Foster George Foster George B. Foster George W. Foster Henry G. Foster J. W. Foster, Taylor & Co. Foster W. H. Fowle George Fowle James 396 APPENDIX. Fox Charles J. Francis Nathaniel Franklin George C. Freeman George E. French Abner & Co. French George A. French Jonathan French Eobert J. French, Wells & Co. Frost George Frost Stiles Frothingham Eliza ComeUa Frothingham Mary G. Frothingham Nathaniel L. Frothingham Eichard, Jr. Frothingham S. H. S. Frothingham Samuel Frothingham Samuel, Jr. & Co. Frothingham Theodore, Jr. Fuller A. & B. Fuller L K. Fuller Samuel N. Fuller T. H. FuUerton & Eaymond Gaffield Thomas Gair John Gale WUUam A. Gammon William H. Gane Henry A. Gardner Elizabeth Wood Gardner Francis Wilmot Gardner George Gardner Henry Gardner Gardner Henry J. Gardner Herbert Gardner John L. Gardner T. 0. Gardner & Coolidge Gates James W. Gay Albert Gay Eben F. Gay Eben Francis Gay & Stratton Gave H. A. J. Gavett George B., Jr. George & Shackford Gibbens Samuel H. Gibbs Calvin W. Gibson George M. Gibson Kiuball Gilbert H. C. Gilbert Lemuel Gilbert Palmer & Co. Gilbert Samuel & Sons Gilbert W F. GiU Caleb. GiUey John E. M. Gilmore Sanford GUson Walter H. Glen Samuel E. Glover Lloyd Goddard Thomas Goddard William Goddard & Pritchard GofF WilUam Goldthwait Joel Gooding Thomas Goodnough E. G. Goodnow John Goodnow Mary A. Goodridge A. H. Goodwin A. G. Goodwin Daniel Goodwin Enoch Goodwin John H. Goodwin William F. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. 397 Gookm C. B. Gookin Lucy J. Gordon J. P. Gore George G. Gould B. A. Jr. Gould C. A. Gould Charles D. Gould F. A. Gould James Gould Joseph A. Gould Eobert Gould S. N. Gove A. B. Gove John Gowen C. Gowing H. A. Granger David Grant Moses Gray Francis C. Gray Joseph H. Gregg E. S. Hale Alfred Hale Daniel Lee Hale George Hale Joseph Hale W. N. Hall Andrew T. Hall Clara Elizabeth Hall D. Dudley HaU Edward F. Jr. HaU, Fowle & Tufts HaU Francis A. HaU Henry A. HaU I. G. HaU Martin L. Hall Mary EUa Hall, Myrick & Co. Hall Nathaniel Gregory F. E. Gregory Samuel H. Green Anna L. Green Charles M. Green John, Jr. Green Martha I. Greene Charles G. Greene Charles W. Greenleaf Eichard C. Greenough WUUam Gribbin Jeremiah Griswold D. C. Griswold John M. Groom Thomas Grueby E. L. Guardenier E. E. Gnardenier William I. GuUd H. Guild Henry GuUd, White & Co. Gwynn George P. HaU John K. HaU WiUiam & Co. HaUett J. H. Hambleton C. I. Hammond Artemas Hammond Augustus Hammond John Hancock Henry K. Hanover George B. Hanson John B. Hapgood Warren Harding Newell Harding NeweU, Jr. Harding WiUiam F. Harding William H. Hardy Alpheus Harrington Ephraim 398 APPENDIX. Harrington Solomon Harrington Wyman Harris Anna W. Harris Isaac Harris Kate A. Harris N. P. Haskell Daniel N. Haskell WUliam S. Hastings Samuel Hatchman John Haven Calvin W. Haven Charles C. Haven Franklin Haviland Thomas Hawes P. & I. P. & Co. Hawes WUUam H. Hayden C. S. Hayden Josiah E. Hayden William Haynes John C. Hay ward J. T. Hazelton I. E. Hazelton Isaac H. Hazelton John H. Hazewell Charles C. Head Francis C. Heath Charles Heath George W. Henderson F. A. Hendley James Hendley Thomas J. Hennessy Edward Henshaw Edward Henshaw Isaac Means Henshaw Samuel Herman Leopold Hewes J. M. Hewins Walter B. Hews George Hickey James F. Hidden WUUam H. Higginson Charles J. Higginson George HiU Ebenezer A. HUl WUliam H. HiU WincheU N. Hills C. E. Hilton WilUam Hinds Frederic Hinkley Holmes Hirsch & Palgemeyer Hitchbom Samuel Hobart Albert Hobart Enoch Hobart H. H. Hobbs J. W. Hodges Almon D. Hodges Thomas P. Holbrook H. J. Holbrook Samuel L. HolUngsworth F. E. Hollis Abijah Hollister George Holman Edward Holman Oliver Holmes D. W. Holton Joseph L. Homer Albert Homer Chailes Homer George Hood Joseph Hooper Heni-y W. Hooper John Hooper John S. Hooper S. H. Hopkins L. C. Horton Abel Horton David W. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. 399 Hosmer H. W. Hosmer Zelotes Hough WiUiam E. Houghton C. C. Houston William N. Hovey James G. Hovey & Co. Howard F. A. Howard WiUiam H. Howe George Howe George Howe I. Francis Howe Jabez C. & Co. Howes & Baker Howland Ichabod Hubbard G. Eustis Hubbard .John G. Hughes John A. Humphrey W. E. & Co. Hunnewell George W. Hunnewell William N. Hunt H. J. Hunt I. Hunt John Hunt Moses Hunt Simon Hutchinson Charles E. Hutchinson Hem-y Hutchinson I. D. Hutchinson William Henry lasigi, Goddard & Co. Hsley John Cox IngaUs Henry P. Jackson C. L. Jackson G. Jackson George Jackson P. T. Jr. Jacobs A. Jacobs Joshua James George E. James Lyman Jenks Charles WUliam Jenks Henry Fitch Jenks John H. Jenks Mary Fitch Jenks Samuel H. JeweU L. B. Jewett D. B. Jewett D. E. Jewett John P. IngaUs J. C. Ives D. P. & Co. Johnson Earl W. Johnson Ebenezer Johnson Samuel, Jr. Johnson, Sewall & Co. Johnston C. E. Johonnot A. B. Jones Eliphalet Jones Frederick Jones George B. Jones Josiah M. Jones Nahum Jones Peter C. Jones, Turrill & Co. Jordan Charles Jordan E. D. Jordan, Marsh & Co. Josselyn Alonzo Keating Thomas H. Keith I. M. 400 APPENDIX. Keith WUUam W. Kellogg, Cobb & Co. Kempell Otto KendaU Abel KendaU C. B. KendaU Mrs. E. E. Kendrick WiUiam W. Kent John Kerr James C. Keyes E. W. Kidder J. G. Kilhurn Samuel S. -Jr. Kilham Charles H. KimbaU E. E. KimbaU I. B. KimbaU John E. KimbaU OUver D. KimbaU Otis King Charles G. Kingman George Kingsbury A. Kingsley Elias Kinsell H. H. Kitfield Henry Knapp Hem-y E. Knight A. L. Knott James Knott Eobert Kowans Thomas D. Kruger Henry Kuhn George H. Kuhn John Ladd WiUiam G. Jr. Lamb Thomas Lamson A. D. Lamson Benjamin Lamson I. W. Lamson N. P. Lane B. P. Lane Charles L. Lane Samuel W. Lane & Walker Lang John H. B. Lappen 0. & Co. Larkin & Staokpole Lash Eobert Lavery Francis Lawrence Abbott Lawrence Abbott, Jr. Lawrence Abbott, 3d Lawrence Amos A. Lawrence H. J. Lawrence James Lawrence James, Jr. Lawrence, Stone & Co. Leach John B. Learned Amos F. Learned Gearfield Learned I. M. k Co. Leavitt David Leavitt T. H. Lee Henry, Jr. Lee John E. Lee Thomas J. Lee WiUiam Leggett William Leland Joseph D. Leland T. J. Leland W. S. Leman Augustus F. Leman Benjamin B. Leman John Lemist, Bramhall & Co. Leonard W. W. Levans H. N. Lewis Daniel LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. 401 Lewis John Saxton Lewis Joseph Lewis M. A. Lewis Weston Lewis WUliam D. Lewis WUUam & WiUiam K. Libbey I. F. Libbey I. W. Libbey Washington Lincoln B. Lincoln Ezra Lincoln Francis Lincoln Frederic W. Jr. Lincoln Frederic W. 3d Lincoln Harriet Abbot Lincoln Harvey L. Lincoln Jared Lincoln Joseph Lincoln Joshua Lincoln Lewis N. Lincoln LoweU Lincoln Susan EUen B. Lincoln Warren P. Lincoln Zenas D. Little, Alden & Co. Little Charles C. Little Nicholas Livermore George Livermore John Livermore WUliam Eoscoe Locke Charles A. Locke Edward A. Locke H. D. Locke, March & Co. Locke Mary I. Lombard Ephraim Lombard Josiah 8. Lombard Thomas C. Lombard & Whitmore Lon" James Donaldson ° 61 Long J. Haskell Lord George C. & Co. Lord Joseph H. Loring A. Loring Abner B. Loring Benjamin Loring Charles G. Loring Elijah James Loring Samuel H. Loring Thomas B. Loring W. W. Loring & PhUlips Lothrop Ansel Lothrop J. E. Loud Andrew J. Lovejoy Albert P. Lovejoy E. A. Lovejoy Loyal Lovejoy Samuel A. Lovejoy WilUam B. LoveU John P. Levering AUce M. I. Levering Anna I. W. Levering Charles T. Levering J. S. Levering WiUiam C. Lovett Augustus Lovett WiUiam P. LoweU Francis C. LoweU John A. Lyford G. A. Lyford Henry A. Lyford Thomas Lyman George T. Lyman George W. Lyman Seymour Lynch George P. Lynch James F. Lyon Henry 402 APPENDIX. Maokintke E. P. Macomber James Magee John B. Magoun H. Mair Thomas Man W. W. Maldt John M. Mallory Eichard P. Manley Sidney Manning Charles B. Manning, Glover & Co. Manning T. Mansfield Charles H. & Co. Mansfield E. W. G. Mansur Samuel March J. C. Marden F. A. Marden WUUam Marsh B. Franklin Marsh Eobert MarshaU F. H. Marston S. W. Jr. Marvm T. E. Marvin WilUam T. E. Matchett WUliam F. Mauran WiUiam A. May John J. May 0. May EusseU Maynard I. W. Maynard & Noyes Mayo Alfred Jackson Mayo Amy Louisa Mayo Eliot Belknap Mayo Elizabeth White McAdams J. & W. McAvoy Arthur MoBurney Charles BlcCaine Daniel McCaine David McCarty WiUiam McCleary Samuel F. Jr. McFarland & Eice McGilvray, Wyman & Co. Melntire Joseph McKay WiUiam P. McKenney Andrew McLaughlm H. McLaughlin Eodney McLauthUn George T. Mears John, Jr. Meek Samuel MeUen WiUiam J. Mellen & Co. MeUus Henry Melvin WiUiam A. Merriam Charles Merriam Nathaniel Merriam Waldo Merrill Arthur MerriU Brother & Co. MerriU Charles A. MerrUl T. L. Messer Asa Messinger Elam A. Messinger George W. Metcalf Henry B. Metcalf S. M. MUes S. S. MUlard Samuel MiUs Charles H. & Co. Miner George A. Minns Thomas Minot Charles H. Minot & Hooper Mitchell James MitcheU N. & Son MitcheU WiUiam LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. 403 Moore James E. Moore & Crosby MorrUl Charles J. Morse A. J. Morse Charles Morse J. C. Morton Ebenezer Morton G. P. Morton H. B. Mott Isaac W. Moulton Thomas MuUer Mary E. MuUiken John, Jr. Munroe James Munroe Otis Mussey B. B. M. L. G. M. Nashua Lock Co. Nassau WUliam M. Naylor & Co. Nazro John, Jr. Neal Samuel NeUl John F. Nelson E. Nelson H. G. Nevms E. P. Newcomb John J. NewhaU Everett H. Newman Henry Newman Samuel H. Nichols AmeUa S. Nichols Benjamin W. Nichols George N. Nichols H. P. Nichols Lawrence Nichols Lyman, Jr. Nichols Eoberta H. Nickerson T. W. Norcross Addison Norcross GrenviUe Howland Norcross Laura Norcross Loring Norcross Otis Norcross Otis, Jr. North-Ender, from MobUe Norton A. & A. Oakes James O'Brien Hugh O'Connor WiUiam D. Odiorne Edward G. OUver A. J. OUver L. L. OUver WiUiam B. Orcutt John P. Ordway J. A. Ordway, Prince & Co. Ormeston George Osborn Francis A. Otis George Washington Ottignon William A. Packer Charles Page, Alden & Co. Page Charles J. Page James A. Page John A. Page Luke Paere, Eichardson & Co. Paige James W. Paige James W. Jr. Palfrey W. W. 404 APPENDIX. Palmer David Palmer J. A. Palmer Thomas Park WiUiam Parker Catherine Stanley Parker Charles Edward Parker Charles H. Parker Isaac Parker James Parker M. S. Parker Mary Francis Parker Peter Parker, Wilder & Co. Parker WUUam Lincoln Parkhurst Ziba Parkman George F. Parkman WUUam Parmenter WUUam Parrott WUUam P. Parsons Henry W. Parsons Samuel Patten C. B. Patten George C, Patten George W. Patterson E, Jr. Paul Daniel B. Pearee WiUiam Pearson WUliam H. Peck A. D. Peck John Pence C. W. Peirce Foster Peirce H. Penniman J. T. Perkins James Perkins T. Henry Perkins WiUiam Perkins William F. Perrin David C. Peters, Chaee & Co. Peters Edward D. & Co. PettingiU & DonneU Phelps Jacob 0. Phelps SewaU PhUlips Jonathan PhiUips Moses D. PhUlips School, (PupUs of) Phipps John S. Pierce B. W. Pierce Carlos Pierce, Clark & Co. Pierce F. A. Pierce Frederick B. Pierce G. F. Pierce George Pierce J. W. Pierce John Pierce 0. H. Pierce Samuel S. Pierce WUUam PUie Charles E. PUie E. W. Pineo Eichard E. Pinkham J. S. Piper Albion Pitman John H. Pitts Charles L. Plympton Henry Plymptons, Stephenson & Co. Pollard Abner W. Pond Albert C. Pond Moses Poole Alexis Poole WiUiam F. Poor Nathaniel C. Pope Benjamin Pope Edward E. Pope Hubert LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. 406 Porter Alexander S. Porter George E. Porter John K. Potter, Elder & Co. Pratt Caleb I. Pratt Eleazer F. Pratt John C. Pratt Mrs. WUUam Prentiss Henry Prescott Charles J. Prescott Lavina M. Prescott WiUiam H. Preston George E. Preston John Preston Jonathan Priest Caroline A. Priest Frank P. Priest George W. Priest Henry L. Priest J. Edward Priest John D. Prince John T. Prince Nathan Prouty Dwight, Jr. Prouty Lorenzo Pulsifer D. & Co. Putnam A. Putnam Allen Putnam C. A. P. B. & B. Qukioy Josiah EandaU Charles A. Eansom B. Jr. Eayner John Eayner John J. Head, Chadwick & Co. Head WiUiam Eedding Charles Redding W. S. Eedding W. W. Eeed Benjamin T. Eeed Charles M. Eeed George P. Eeed & Wade Eeggio Nicholas Eemick W. S. Renouf Edward Revere Copper Co. Reynolds Samuel S. Reynolds WiUiam J. Rhoades Stephen Rice C. B. Quincy Thomas D. Rice Charles Rice Charles R. Eice EUza P. Rice F. & F. Rice Henry A. Rice Henry AUen Rice J. Ramirez Rice Lewis Rice Samuel Rice WiUiam Rice & KendaU Richards George G. Eichards H. H. Richards Henry C. Eichards John B. Richards Wyatt Richardson George L. Richardson Lewis G. Richardson M. W. Richardson Thomas Richardson W. H. H. 406 APPENDIX. Richardson WiUiam H. Richardson & Edmond Eing Nathaniel, Jr. Ripley Lyman B. Ripley Thomas W. Ripley Robert Robbins Joseph W. Roberts John G. Robertson John A. Robinson C. R. Robinson Enoch Robinson Francis F. Robinson George W. Rohinson J. Howard Robinson Reuben T. Eobson John Eogers Edward H. RoUms C. L. Ropes W. L. Ropes WUliam Rose A. Ross George Ross Jeremiah Ross WUUs Rotch Aimee Rotch AUce Quincy Rotch Arthur Rotch Edith Rounds George Rounds John C. RoweU S. RusseU C. Shepard EusseU Charles I. EusseU George E. Eyan Edward Eyan I. S. Safford, Ames & Co. Safford Daniel SaUsbury D. W. Salmon John Sampson A. N. Sampson Charles Sampson George G. Sampson & Tappan Samson G. B. Sanborn Amos C. Sanborn George 0. Sanborn J. F. Sanborn Lyman F. Sanderson Brothers & Co. Sanford PhUo Sargent Henry Saunders George 8. Saunders WUUam A. Savage James Sawyer C. H. Sawyer N. 0 Sawyer Timothy T. Sawyer Warren Sawyer WUUam N. Scott George Scott Thomas Sears David Sears J. H. Sears P. H. Sears WUUam Seaver Nathaniel, Jr. Seaver WUliam D. Jr. Sessions F. Sever James W. SewaU, Day & Co. Seymour Friend Shapleigh Charles H. Sharland John Sharland Joseph Sharland Joseph B. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. 407 Shattuck G. Shattuck J. H. Shaw G. Howland & Brothers Shaw Jesse Shelton Albert F. Shelton George Shelton John Shelton Eichard H. Shelton Stephen Shelton Stephen W. Shelton Thomas Shelton Thomas J. Shepherd James Sherburne Joseph M. Shimmin WUliam Shreve Benjamin Shurtleff HUam 8. Shurtleff Nathaniel B. Shurtleff Nathaniel B. Jr. Sigoumey D. SUloway, Calef & Co. Simmons Seth Simonds Thomas C. Simpkins Samuel G. Simpson Michael H. Sise A. F. Skerry A. T. Slade WUUam J. Slade Robert Smith Albert W. Snuth Cornelius Smith Edward M. Smith Franklin Smith FrankUn W. Smith George G. Smith I. P. Smith J. Waterston Smith John F. Smith Joseph Smith Lorenzo G. Smith Mary Elizabeth Smith Melancthon Smith Stephen Smith WiUiam SneUing Edward A. SneUing Enoch H. Snow Benjamin Franklin Snow Isaac Soule Richard Southard George H. Sparks Jared SpaneU WiUiam P. Spaulding Solomon R. Spear Charles W. Spear Samuel S. Spinney WUliam K. Spooner L. L. Spooner William B. & Co. Sprague Charles Sprague Matthew Sprague WUUam Spring Isaac H. Standish James Standish Lemuel M. Stanfield, Wentworth & Co. Staniford D. Stanwood Daniel R. Stanwood Frank StarbUd WUliam B. Steams Charles Steams Charles H. Steams John, Jr. Steams Mary Steams T. C. Steams WilUam Stebbms 0. B. Steele George P. Steele J. T. 408 APPENDIX. Steele James G. Stetson Alpheus M. Stetson Amos W. Stetson Caleb Stetson Catharine Stetson John Stetson L. Stevens Arthm- Stevens Benjamin Stevens CoUins Stevens George M. Stickney I. Stm F. C. Stimpson Charles Stimpson Frederick H. Stimpson James H. Stoddard Charles Stoddard Charles A. Stoddard N. Stone David Stone Milton J. Storey W. H. Story Jacob StoweU Caleb Street John Strong Alexander Studley Samuel G. Sturtevant Henry G. Sullivan R. Jr. Sumner AUen M. S. SwaUow Asa Swallow Daniel W. Sweet James S. Sweet John H. Sweetser A. C. Sweetser E. F. Sweetser F. C. Sweetser, Gookin & Co. Sweetser 8. K. Sweetser Samuel Swett Edwin I. Swett Hubbard W. Swett John T. Swift WUUam C. Symonds J. H. Taggard John Talbot W. H. Tappan John E. Tappan, McBurney & Co. Taylor N. D. V. & Co. Tebbetts A. Tebbetts James R. Tebbetts WiUiam C. Templeton John Tenney Benjamin F. Tenney & Co. Tewkshury WiUiam P. Thacher George C. Thacher, MitcheU & Co. Thacher WiUiam S. Thacher & Co. Thayer Benjamin W. Thayer George W. Thayer Gideon F. Thayer John E. & Brother Thayer, Hovey & Co. Thayer E. H. Thaxter Adam W. Thaxter Adam W. 8d Thaxter Benjamin Thaxter Seth Thomas WilUam Thompson W. S. Thomdike George Francis Thorndike Henry A. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. 409 Thorndike John H. Thomdike John P. ThorndUie John P. L. Thwing 8. C. Tioknor Benjamin H. Ticknor William D. TUeston Edward G. TUeston George F. TUeston James C. TUeston Timothy Tileston WiUiam TUlson J. TUton Frederick A. TUton Stephen & Co. Timmins John Tin-eU Edward G. Tobey Heman Tombs M. & Co. Tompkins Abel Tompson John A. Torrey J. M. Torsleff Andrew Tower L. L. Towle John D. Towne E. B. Towne George D. Towne WiUiam P. Townsend, MaUard & Co. Tracy F. U. Triggs George W. Trott Peter Trull George A. Tucker Allan Tucker Daniel Tucker, Newton & MUls Tucker WiUiam Tucker WiUiam Lawrence Tuckerman Gustavus Tuckerman, Townsend & Co. Tufts George A. TumbuU George & Co. Turner Helen Turner Joshua Turner Nathaniel D. Turner Nathaniel W. Turner T. Larkin Tumer, WUson & Co. Tuttle Frederick A. Tuttle James Tyler J. 0. & Co. Tyler W. P. Underwood WUUam Upham, Tucker & Co. Upton George B. Urann Joseph Vanier 8. Vannevar Alexander Veazie Joseph A. Veazie WilUam Vinal Otis Vincent John Vose Edward Vose Josiah S. Vose Thomas B. Wade John Wakefield W. L. Walcott J. W. Walden N. Waldron Samuel W. Wales George W. 52 410 APPENDIX. Wales Henry W. Wales Thomas B. Wales T. C. & Co. Wales Thomas C. Walker George 8. Walker Joseph Walker Matthew Walker W. H. WaUier WUliam 8. Walker & Brother Wallace & Sons Ward Lydia G. Ward Thomas W. Ward & Boott Ware Leonard Warner I. L. Warren Alfred B. Warren Charles F. Warren Frederick Warren George W. Warren George W. & Uo. Warren John A. Warren John C. WaiTcn M. C. Washburn Miles Washburn William Waterman Nathaniel Waterston Eobert Watson Joseph Watson Joseph Webb F. H. Webber Aaron D. Webster W. E. Weeks E. Maria Weeks James H. Welch Francis Weld George W. Weld Samuel B. Weld William F. Weld WUliam G. Welles George Derby Welles John Wellington Alfred A. Wellington Avery Wells Charles Wells John B. Wells P. Francis Weltch Samuel Wentworth Ariooh Wentworth James Wentworth Samuel Wenzell Henry Burleigh West Joseph WethereU A. E. WethereU H. B. WethereU H. E. WethereU, Stone & Co. Wheeler GiUiam B. Wheeler Joel Wheelock George G. Wheelock E. W. Wheelwright & Cobb Whipple John A. Whitcomb John D. Whitcomb H. G. White A. J. White C. L. White Charles E. White David, Jr. White Horace A. White J. Jr. White James A. White John W. White Lyman White WiUiam F. Whiting, Kehoe & Galloupe Whiting OUver E. Whitman Joseph H. LIST OF CONTRffiUTORS. 411 Whitney, Fenno, Shaw & Co. Whitney H. A. Whitney Joseph & Co. Whitney WUliam F. & Son Whiton Charles V. Whiton Ebed Whiton Henry Whiton R. Jr. Whiton, Tram & Co. Whittemore Aug. Whittemore James F. Whittemore John M. Whittemore W. & F. H. & Co. Whittle WilUam J. WhitweU, Brothers & Co. WhitweU F. A. Wightman Joseph M. WUbur E. P. WUcutt L. L. WUd James C. WUder C. B. WUder C. T. WUder John E. Wilkin s Henry E. WUkins J. H. Wilkinson, Stetson & Co. WiUard 0. A. WUlard Zabdiel A. WUUams E. L. WilUams EUjah WUUams Francis S. WUUams G. Foster WUUams Lewis W. WUUams Samuel S. Williams Sidney B. WUliamson George WUlis Clement Wihnarth H. D. WUson Alexander W. WUson John, Jr. Wilson WUliam WUson WiUiam H. Winchester E. A. & W. Wmn Moses F. Winship I. Bradlee Wkslow G. 8. Winsor A. Winsor Nathaniel, Jr. Winter Francis B. Winthrop John Winthrop Robert C. Wisner Abbott Lawrence Wisner Charles Francis Wisner Evelina Wisner George Parkei Withington Henry H. Withmgton W. H. Wolcott Huntington F. Wolcott J. H. Wolcott Roger Wood Hamilton Wood William H. Woodbury Charles. Woodbury WUUam W. Woods Joseph W. Woods William Woolson James A. Worster John E. Wright Albert J. Wright Edmund Wright Isaac H. Wright & Whitman Wyman A. G. Jr. Wyman Abraham G. Wyman J. D. 412 APPENDIX. Yale Rufus M. ^oung Ammi B. Yendall George Young Isaiah B. York Hemy Young William Zane WUUam C. m^m^^!^^^^^^