YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY State of Alabama Department of Arcflives and History THOMAS M. OWEN, Director BULLETIN No. 1 THE ESTABLISHMENT, ORGANIZATION ACTIVITIES AND ASPIRATIONS OP THE Department of Archives and History STATE OF ALABAMA COMPILED BY THE DIRECTOR MONTGOMERY, ALA.: THE BROWN PRINTmG CO., PRINTERS AND BINDERS. 1904. Copyright, 1904 By Department of Archives and History 1-5 PREFATORY NOTE. The Department of Archives and History, established by act of the Legislature approved Feb. 27, 1901, and organized March 2, 1901, has not only vindicated the hopes of patriotic Alabamians, but it has also excited very general attention on the part of students and others interested in the wise and proper solution of the problems of State supported historical work. The example set by Alabama has been followed in Mississippi by similar legislation, and by intelligent agitation in many other States. The successful administration of the Department and its almost phenomenal record in accumulating materials, has encouraged the belief that such an agency is the very best and most satisfactory 'way of meeting the obligation due by the State to its archives (public records) and history. Owing to the general interest thus manifested, and in order to meet the many inquiries received, this Bulletin has been pre pared. It contains an account of the establishment, growth, activities and aspirations of the Department, presented with considerable fullness and detail. It also contains lists of some of the more important accessions, and some expressions of commendation and congratulation received from historians and students. Montgomery, August i, 1904. ACT OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY ESTABLISHING THE DEPARTMENT. (General Laws of Alabama, 1900-01, pp. 126-131.) No. 476. AN ACT S. 526. To Establish a Department of Archives and History fok THE State oe Alabama, to prescribe its eunctions and DUTIES, AND TO PROVIDE TOR ITS MAINTENANCE. department ESTABLISHED^ OBJECTS AND PURPOSES. Section i. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Ala- batna, That there is established for the State of Alabama a "De partment of Archives and History," to be located in the State capitol in apartments to be set aside for its use by the Governor ; and the objects and purposes of the said Department are the care and custody of official archives, the collection of materials bearing upon the history of the State, and of the territory in cluded therein, from the earliest times, the completion and pub lication of the State's official records and other historical materials, the diffusion of knowledge in reference to the history and resources of the State, the encouragement of historical work and research, and the performance of such other acts and requirements as may be enjoined by law. BOARD OE TRUSTEES, POWERS, AUTHORITY AND DUTIES. Section 2. Be it further e-nacted, { i ) That said Department shall be under the control of a board' of nine trustees, one from each Congressional district, and the names of said trustees, with their particular terms of service, are as follows, viz : Peter J. Hamilton, for the First Congressional District, to serve two years ; Jefferson M. Falkner, for the Second District, to serve two years; W. D. Jelks, for the Third District, to serve two years; J. H. Johnson, for the Fourth District, to serve four years ; W. H. Blake, for the Fifth District, to serve four years ; Henry B. Foster, for the Sixth District, to serve four years; Oliver D. Street, for the Seventh District, to serve six years; (2) Act Establishing the Department. 3 \^''illiam Richardson, for the Eighth District, to serve six years ; and Samuel Will John, for the Ninth District, to serve six years, the beginning of the several terms of service for the pur poses of this act to be January i, 1901. (2) The said board shall have the power and authority to fill all vacancies occur ring therein, whether by expiration of term of service, or by death or resignation, but the names of all newly elected mem bers shall be communicated to the next ensuing regular session of the State Senate for confirmation, and in case it shall reject any of the said newly elected trustees, it shall proceed fo-rthwith to fill the vacancy, or vacancies, by an election. (3) All trustees appointed to succeed the present members or their successors whose respective terms shall have fully expired shall serve for a term of six years, and appointees to fill vacancies by death or resignation, shall only serve out the unexpired terms of their predecessors. (4) The said board shall, within ten days after the approval of this act, proceed to organize said Department. It shall hold at the State capitol at least one regular meeting during the year, and as many special meetings as may be neces sary, and at said meetings five members shall constitute a quo rum. (5) The Governor of the State shall be ex-officio a member of the said board, and he shall as far as possible, lend every encouragement to the success and upbuilding thereof. (6) The Director hereinafter provided shall be the secretary of the board. (7) The trustees shall receive no compensation for their services other than the amounts of their traveling expenses actually paid out while in attendance on the meetings of the board or on the business of the Department. (8) The said board is empowered to adopt rules for its own govemment, and also for the government of the Department ; to elect a Director, and to provide for the selection or appointment of other officials, or employes, as may be authorized ; to provide for the publica.- tion of historical material pertaining to the State under the supervision of the Director ; to have the direction and control of the marking of historic sites, or houses, and the exploration of prehistoric and Indian mounds and other remains existing in the State ; to control and expend such appropriations as may be made for the maintenance of the Department; and to do and perform such other acts and things as may be necessary to carry out the true intent and purpose of this act. (3) 4 Department of Archives and History. THE DIRECTOR, POWERS AND DUTIES, SALARY. Section 3. Be it further e-nacted, ( i) That the Department shall be under the immediate management and control of a Director, to be elected by the board of trustees, whose term of service shall be six years, and until his successor is elected and qualified. (2) He shall take an oath of office as other public officials, and shall be commissioned in like manner. (3) He shall devote his time to the work of the Department, using his best endeavor to develop and build it up, so as to carry out the design of its creation, and shall receive for his services the sum of eighteen hundred ($1,800.00) dollars per annum, payable monthly, as other State officials, and a continuing appropriation for the said annual salary is hereby made. (4) He shall have the control and direction of the work and operations of the De partment, he shall preserve its collections, care for the official archives that may come into its custody, collect as far as possi ble all materials bearing upon the history of the State and of the territory included therein, from the earliest times, prepare the biennial register hereinafter provided, diffuse knowledge in reference to the history and resources of the State; and he is charged with the particular duty of gathering data concerning Alabama soldiers in the war between the States. (5) He shall make an annual report to the board of trustees, to be by them transmitted to the Governor, to be accompanied by such histori cal papers and documents as may be deemed of importance by him, and the Director shall contract for the printing and bind ing of the said Report, which shall be paid for as other public printing and binding. (6) He shall prepare for the press, con tract for and supervise the publication of volume two of the Report of the Alabama History Commission, the said volume to be similar to volume one of said Report as to printing, paper and binding, and to be paid for out of the public printing fund to be available after October i, 1901. DEPOSITORY FOR OFFICIAL RECORDS. Section 4. Be it further enacted. That any State, County or Other official is hereby authorized and empowered in his discre tion to turn over to the Department for permanent preservation (4) Act Establishing the Department. 5 therein any official books, records, documents, original papers, newspaper files, and printed books not in current use in their offices. When so surrendered copies therefrom shall be made and certified by the Director upon the application of any person interested, which certification shall have all the force and effect as if made by the officer originally in the custody of them and for which the same fees shall be charged, to be collected in advance. OFFICIAL AND STATISTICAL REGISTER. Section 5. Be it further enacted, That an official and sta tistical register of the State of Alabama shall be compiled every two years by the Director, to contain : ( i ) brief sketches of the several State officials, the members of Congress from Alabama, the Supreme Court Judges, the members of the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Alabama; (2) rosters of all State and county officials; (3) lists of all State institu tions, with officials ; (4) State and county population and elec tion statistics, (5) miscellaneous statistics; and said register shall be published in an edition of one thousand copies for free distribution, the printing and binding to be paid for as other printing and binding hereinbefore provided. ALABAMA WAR RECORDS. Section 6. Be it further enacted, That the Department is charged with the duty of making special effort to collect data in reference to soldiers from Alabama in the war between the States, both from the War Department at Washington, and also from priviate individuals, and to cause the same to be prepared for publication as speedily as possible. MAINTENANCE FUND. Section 7. Be it further enacted, That in addition to the salary of the Director hereinabove appropriated, the sum of seven hundred ($700.00) dollars annually is hereby appropria ted for the maintenance of the said Department, and the Audi tor is hereby authorized to draw his warrant on the State Treas- (5) 6 Department of Archives and History. urer for the whole or any part of the said amount, in such sums and in such manner as may be authorized by the board of trus tees. All printing, blanks, circulars, notices, or forms, which may be needed for the use of the said Department, that may be embraced in class four of the public printing act, shall be exe cuted by the public printer, and shall be paid for as other official work done by him. Approved February 27, 1901. (6) CONTENTS. Prefatory Note i Act Establishing the Department 2 Contents 7 introduction 9 I. Organization and Adtnini stration 11 II. Publication I5_ III. State and Local Archives 18 IV. Library 20 V. Historical Art Gallery 27 VI. Museum 29 A'TI. Alabama War Records 31 VIII. Diftasion of Knowledge in Reference to the His tory and Resources of the State 38 IX. Encouragement of Historical Work and Research 40 X. Special Activities 41 XI. The Department Work as Viewed by Historians, Students and Others 45 (7) INTRODUCTION. The Department of Archives and History' is a separate de partment of the State govemment, correlating the remaining departments of State, charged with a specific body of duties, and having a clear, well-defined and hitherto undeveloped field of operation. Created by a separate act of the Legislature, approved Feb. 27, 1901, its constitution is to be found fully set forth therein. It is maintained through appropriations made in the act, and also by an appropriation contained in the general appropriation bill of Feb. 13, 1903. "The objects and purposes of the said Department are the care and custody of official archives, the collection of materials bearing upon the history of the State, and of the territory in cluded therein, from the earliest times, the completion and publication of the State's official records and other historical materials, the diffusion of knowledge in reference to the history and resources of the State, the encouragement of historical work and research, and the performance of such other acts and requirements as may be enjoined by law." In order to systematically and clearly meet the requirements of the "objects and purposes" set forth in the act of establish ment the work and activities of the department have been re solved and grouped for administrative purposes, into Divisions as follows: (i) Administration; (2) Publication; (3) State and local archives; (4) Library; (5) Historical art gallery; (6) Museum; (7) Alabama war records; (8) Diffusion of knowledge in reference to the history and resources of the State; (9) The encouragement of historical work and re search; and (10) Special activities. A full and detailed discussion of these groups follows here inafter. WHAT IT IS, AND WHAT IT IS NOT. The design of the Department, as must be kept in mind, is to care for all of the activities due by the State to its archives (pubhc records) and history. It is not intended to infringe (9) 10 Department of Archives and History. upon the territory, or to perform the duties, directly or indirect ly, legitimately in the province of the State or Supreme Court library, or of the several State officers, or of the State Histor ical Society. As hereinbefore stated it fills a hitherto unoccupied field. The duties devolved on it have never before been required by law. Indeed, no existing State office or institution, under its present constitution and equipment, could satisfactorily perform the several and multifarious acts required to carry out the ob jects and purposes enjoined in the act of establishment. The State and Supreme Court library is charged with the duty of collecting and preserving books as such, principally for the use of the Supreme Court and its bar. The several State offices, departments and boards are concerned with duties relating to new and current subjects, and with the accumulations of the large body of records in their offices from year to year they do not have time to deal. The Alabama Historical Society has never been sufficiently strong or cohesive to accomplish the historical work normally expected of it, and besides it has never had permanent headquarters. ADMINISTRATION. The administration of the Department is simple. Its head quarters are in the State capitol. It is under the control of a board of nine trustees, whose powers and duties are supervis ory. The board holds an annual meeting and is self-perpetuat ing. The "immediate management and control" is vested in a Director, who is elected by the board for a term of six years. He is qualified and commissioned as other State officers. He is as completely and fully in control of the work of his office as any other official in the State employ. A maintenance fund is provided, out of which necessary clerical help is paid, and expenses of postage, express, freight and drayage, binding, the purchase of books and other articles are met. (10) I. ORGANIZATION AND ADMIN ISTRATION. BOARD OF TRUSTEES. Realizing the importance of wisely and properly embarking the Department on its valuable work, the Legislature devised a scheme of administration through a self-perpetuating board of trustees. This method of administration is not new but its direct application to a State office has never before been known in Alabama. There are nine trustees, one for each Congres sional district. The board is sub-divided into three groups. The trustees each serve for a term of six years. The Governor is ex-officio a member of the board, and he is particularly charged with the duty of lending every encouragement possible to its success and upbuilding. The Director is the secretary of the board. In accordance with the act the board met on March 2, 1901, in the private office of the Governor, and proceeded to the or ganization of the Department by the adoption of regulations for its government, and by the election of a Director. Regular an nual meetings of the board have since been held on Oct. I, 1901, Oct. 7, 1902, and Oct. i, 1903. For their services the trustees receive no compensation, but they are allowed their "traveling expenses actually paid out while in attendance on the meeting? of the board or on the business of the Department." In the practical operations of the Department the work of the board is of course supervisory. This is, however, of the most thorough and exacting character. The entire policy of develop ment and growth has been the result of the most careful and sympathetic cooperation between the board and the Director. The general powers and duties of the board are set forth in the act as follows : "To adopt rules for its own government, and also for the government of the Department ; to elect a Director, and to pro vide for the selection or appointment of other officials, or em ployes, as may be authorized ; to provide for the publication of (11) 12 Department of Archives and History. historical material pertaining to the State under the supervision of the Director; to have the direction and control of the marking of historic sites, or houses, and the exploration of prehistoric and Indian mounds and other remains existing in the State ; to control and expend such appropriations as may be made for the maintenance of the Department; and to dg and perform such other acts and things as may be necessary to carry out the true intent and purpose of this act." THE DIRECTOR. The Department is "under the immediate management and control of a Director," who must take an oath and be commis sioned as other State officials. His term of office is six years, the same length as the term of the judges of the State. The duties of the Director are comprehensively set forth in the act as follows : "He shall devote his time to the work of the Department, using his best endeavor to develop and' build it up, so as to carry out the design of its creation, and shall receive for his services the sum of eighteen hundred ($1,800.00) dollars per annum, payable monthly, as other State officials, and a continuing appro priation for the said annual salary is hereby made. "He shall have the control and direction of the work and operations of the Department, he shall preserve its collections, care for the official archives that may come into its custody, collect as far as possible all materials bearing upon the history of the State and of the territory included therein, from the earliest times, prepare the biennial register hereinafter provid ed, diffuse knowledge in reference to the history and resources of the State; and he is charged with the particular duty of gathering data concerning Alabama soldiers in the war between the States. "He shall make an annual report to the board of trustees, to be by them transmitted to the Governor, to be accompanied by such historical papers and documents as may be deemed of im portance by him, and the Director shall contract for the print ing and binding of the said Report, which shall be paid for as other public printing and binding." (12) Organization and Administration. 13 On the organization of the Department at its first meeting, March 2, 1901, Thomas McAdory Owen, then of Birmingham, Jefferson county, Ala., was elected the first Director, and at once entered upon his duties. CLERICAL HELP. The clerical help of the Department consists of one editorial assistant and one stenographer, the former dating from June 15, 1901, and the latter from Oct. i, 1901. These are appointed by the Director, who fixes their compensation. Since Feb. i, 1904, under Department direction and for its use, an editorial assistant has been engaged in the preparation of a "History of the Choctaw Indians." OFFICE BOOKS. In the Department work the following administrative records are kept : Accession Register of Books ; Accession Register of Relics and all other items received ; Register of Donors ; Manu script Minute Book of the Meetings of the Board of Trustees, and an Account of the Expenditure of the Department Main tenance Fund. OFFICE AND ROOMS. From the beginning the Department has labored under the most serious disadvantages resulting from altogether inade quate quarters. Under the act it is required "to be located in the State capitol in apartments to be set aside for its use by the Governor." All other available space being already occupied, after conference with the Governor, the small office, known familiarly as the Senate cloak room, was chosen as the business office of the Director. Provision for furniture, limited cabinets, and shelving followed. The historical art gallery and museum are placed on exhibition in the Senate chamber, while the rapid accumulation of valuable materials of every description has filled all neighboring space. The Senate gallery has recently been brought into requisition for the overflow of books and files. (13) 14 Department of Archives and History. MAINTENANCE FUND. Under Section 7 of the act of establishment seven hundred dollars annually was appropriated "for the maintenance" of the Department. At the session of the Legislature, two years later, the sum. of twenty-five hundred dollars was voted for "main tenance." Under resolution of the trustees the expenditure of tliis fund is controlled by the Director. Requisitions are drawn on the State Auditor, who in turn issues a warrant on the State Treasurer therefor. Vouchers to cover all amounts are taken and carefully preserved by the Director. His accounts are carefully examined and reviewed by the auditing committee of the board of trustees each year. They are also examined by the Examiner of Public Accounts. The following are the subjects of the several expenditures : Clerical help, books, binding, extra printing, stamps, express, freight, drayage, furniture and a few miscellaneous items. PRINTING. The expense for printing the "Official and Statistical Regis ter" and the "Reports" of the Director are bome by the general printing fund. Miscellaneous printing is provided for as follows : "All printing, blanks, circulars, notices, or forms, which may be needed for the use of the said Department, that may be em braced in class four of the public printing act, shall be executed by the public printer, and shall be paid for as other official work done bv him." (14) IL PUBLICATION. Specific direction is made for the publication of a Report of the Director, and an Official and Statistical Register, the latter to be issued prior to each session of the Legislature. Provision is further made for "the completion and publication of the State's official records and other historical materials," and also for the collection for publication, of data in reference to Ala bama soldiers in the war between the States. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. The Report of the Director is intended to embrace a detailed account of the business and the administration of the Depart ment far the period covered, including the formal report made by the Director to the trustees, minutes of the meetings of the board of trustees, and classified lists of donations. It is to be accompanied by such "historical papers and documents" as the Director may deem of importance. It is designed that these Reports shall be of the highest permanent value, OFFICIAL AND STATISTICAL REGISTER. The first issue of the Official and Statistical Register ap peared in the spring of 1903 (Svo. pp. 326.) It met a favorable reception everywhere, and has proven a most valuable and use ful statistical compilation. The importance of this publication is manifest, even on the slightest reflection. It has not only a present value, but with the passing of the years it will be looked to as a partial source at least for the history of the times. The absence of such compilations for our previous existence as a State only serves to emphasize the necessity for now undertak ing what has been too sadly neglected. The book contains "(i) brief sketches of the several State officials, the members of Congress from Alabama, the Supreme Court judges, the mem bers of the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Alabama, (2) rosters of all State and County officials, (3) lists of all State institutions, with officials, (4) State and County population and election statistics, and (5) miscellaneous statis- (15) 16 Department of Archives and History. tics.'' In addition to the foregoing the issue for 1903 contains lists of the members of the several Constitutional Conventions of Alabama, 1819, 1861, 1865, 1867, 1875, 1901, and a bibliog- phy of all of their known publications. STATE PAPERS. Based on the provisional list contained in the Report of the Alabama History Commission (1901), pp. 38-40, a scheme has been projected for the preparation and publication of a collec tion of the "State's official records." Satisfactory progress has been made in the compilation, and several volumes of the series are practically ready for the printer. Arrangements have been perfected for securing necessary transcripts from Foreign ar chives, and also from Federal collections and the archives of adjacent States. The character of this collection is thus defined in the Report, supra : "These [volumes of State papers] should embrace in full all of the docuinentary -material bearing on all parts of its [the State] history and development from the flrst discovery of its territory. Historical students want nothing less than full com pilations of all original materials. Several States have already responded to this demand in respect to their records, and have made liberal expenditures. To do this is a debt due by the State of Alabama to its history and to its own and general students." The list of volumes in the series is as follows : Volume I. — Fundamental charters, proclamations, acts of Congress, and constitutions, which affect the territory now em braced in Alabama, from the earliest times to the present. Volume II. — Documents and papers connected with Spanish explorations and occupation of what is now Alabama. 1507- 1813. Volumie III. — Documents and papers connected with French occupation. 1699- 1763. Volume IV. — ^Documents and papers connected with Enghsh occupation. 1763-1783. Volume V. — Mississippi and Alabama territorial documents. 1798-1819. Volume VI. — Governors' messages. 1818-1904. Volume VII. — Miscellaneous State documents : Banks and Finance, University, Schools, Boundaries, Indians, IntemaJ Improvements, Slavery, etc., etc. 1818-1900. (16) Publication. 17 Volume VIII. — Census and population statistics. 1800-1900. Volume IX. — Official register. 1800- 1900. [To include full rosters of all State and County officials.] Volume X. — Counties and county boundaries. 1800-1900. [To include in full all acts creating, or changing names, estab lishing or changing county sites, or altering boundaries.] Volume XI. — Abstracts of the records of the counties of Ala bama, 1800 to 1 8 19. [To include early deeds, wills, marriage records, etc.] Volume XII. — War records. [To embrace (i) a reprint of the rolls of Revolutionary pensioners who lived in Alabama; (2) Rosters of commands from Mississippi, Georgia, Tennes see, North Carolina, and South Carolina, who served in the Creek War, 1813-1814; (3) Rosters and documents of the In dian Wars, 1832-1842; (4) Rosters and documents pertaining to Alabamians in the Texas Wars; (5) Rosters of Alabamians in the Mexican War; (6) Documentary records of Alabama in the War between the States ; and (7) Rosters and documents of Alabama commands in the Spanish-American War. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS. In addition to the foregoing, an elastic provision is made for the publication of "other historical materials." In accordance therewith much miscellaneous material of value will, from time to time, be published. For inclusion in this miscellaneous class an Alabama Local History collection is being brought together. It will embrace reminiscent and historical articles of value which have apj>eared in newspapers and periodicals, relat ing to counties and towns or other local areas in the State. At present these articles are hid away and inaccessible to students. It has been with the very greatest difficulty that many of them have been located. When published they will form the basis for further local historical work. They will show too that our people are proud of their history, and that much more has been preserved than is popularly believed. BULLETINS AND CIRCULARS. In connection with the administration of the Department occasional "Bulletins" and "Circulars" are issued. This publi cation is the first of the former series. They are for use in dif fusing information, and the development of Department activi ties. (17) III. state and local archives. The official manuscript books, records, documents, letters and files of the State, as contained in its several offices, departments and boards, are technically the State archives. These are of the highest value to the historian. They also have a great practical value for business purposes, as oftentimes large property as well as delicate personal interests are dependent upon them. Since the formation of the territorial government in 1817, these records have normally accumulated in large numbers, and with the multiplication of offices they have still further increas ed. With limiited office room and with the necessity for all available space for current business purposes, the early official records have in many cases been neglected, and in some in stances have been destroyed. No officer, or administration, is chargeable with this neglect, indifference, and inattention. In order to remedy the evil and to avoid further losses, tlie legislature, in establishing this Department, not only charged it with "the care and custody of official archives," but embodied the word "Archives" in the Department designation or title itself, thus evidencing its profound interest in the subject. The Department is, therefore, for practical purposes, in part a hall of records. Its importance, dignity and practical value to the people of the State becomes more than ever manifest. The words "official archives" are properly construed to mean only the manuscript books, records, documents, letters and files not in current use. The offices, departments and boards includ ed are the governor, the secretary of State, the auditor, the treas urer, the attorney-general, the superintendent of education, the adjutant-general, the commissioner of agriculture and indus tries, the convict bureau, the State board of health, the railroad commission, etc., etc. In the Report of the Alabama History Corn-mission (Miscel laneous Collections of the Alabama Historical Society, vol. i), 1901, pp. 87-114, was given as full an account of the State archives as could then be compiled. This compilation was made in 1900, and does not purport to be exhaustive. The lists and indications there given have been materially enlarged, and still (18) State and Local Archives. 19 further enlargements are anticipated when the collections have been thoroughly explored. The most interesting and valuable of the State official records are those originally preserved in the chief executive department, and the offices of the secretary of State, the auditor, the treas urer and the adjutant-general. These consist of correspondence received, letter-press copy books, legislative records, constitu tional convention records, elections, census returns, pardons, land records and maps, civil official registers, bonds, incorpora tions, military registers, pension records, vouchers, records of Alabama troops in the Indian troubles, 1836, the Mexican War, 1847, and the War between the States, etc., etc. In the "care" enjoined, the plan of the Department involves the assortment, arrangement, labeling, filing, indexing and cata loguing of the entire body of the records committed to its "cus tody." They are thus made easily available for use, consulta tion and transcription by students, lawyers, business men and others who may have occasion to consult them. COUNTY RECORDS. The act of establishment provides (Section 4) that "any State, County or other official is hereby authorized and empow ered in his discretion to turn over to the Department for perma nent preservation therein any official books, records, documents, original papers, newspaper files, and printed books not in current use in their offices." Some rare and valuable books and files have been collected under this authorization, but owing to lack of space no special effort has as yet been made to systematically bring together the materials contemplated in this provision. (19) IV. LIBRARY. BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS. Within the scope of "materials bearing upon the history of the State, and of the territory included therein from the earhest times," printed sources have been regarded as of first impor tance. From its inception, therefore, every energy possible has been devoted to building up a representative collection of books. At the annual meeting of the board of trustees of the Depart ment, Oct. I, 1903, the work of the Director in this behalf was commended and a resolution was adopted, looking to larger growth and expansion, in which he was authorized to "use all possible effort and means in enlarging the strength and scope of the library." Practically no limit has been put upon the materials held suitable for preservation. The history of Alabama and of her people and institutions cannot be understood and interpreted aright save through the annals of the older States of the Union, and through the histories of those nations who at varous times held sway over her territory. Her civilization, her institutions, and her people spring from the former and, through them, still further back, from the mother nations beyond the sea. Special collections are being made in the following fields : the American Indians, the War of the Revolution, the South, An tiquities and Archaeology, Education, Travel, the Negro, American Biography and Genealogy, the War between the United States and the Confederate States, State and local his tory, and Census documents. Of purely local materials, effort is directed to the preserva tion of everything relating even remotely in any way to Ala bama, its institutions, or its people. These materials may be roughly classed as (i) All books whatever, relating to the State, or any part of its history. (2) All writings of Alabama authors. (3) Official and legislative documents, reports, circulars, bulletins, etc., etc. (20) Library. 21 (4) Municipal or local documents, reports, etc. (S) Religious and church documents and literature. (6) Literature of all benevolent institutions — as the Masons, etc. (7) Educational reports, catalogues, announcements, circu lars, and other documents. While the collection of Alabama local materials, included in the foregoing list, is far from complete, it already embraces several hundred documents and is far ahead of any general or special collection elsewhere in the State. Yet it is only a begin ning. It will take years to retrieve what has been lost by the neglect and carelessness of the past. The number of books in the collection, written by Alabam ians, is quite large. Usually all of our authors promptly res pond to appeals for copies of their writings. Many interesting additions have come as gifts or by exchange, particularly pamphlets and rare local works. The more valuable general items, however, have been secured through sale cata logues, and book auctions. NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS. The current history of the State in all its aspects, is to be found more completely and fully, and in greater detail, in the newspapers of the times than anywhere else. It has therefore been deemed particularly important to preserve a complete file of every newspaper currently published in the State. In res ponse to requests therefor, publishers havle been very obliging, and almost all have responded. The Department is now re ceiving about two hundred dailies, weeklies, and irregular issues of the State press. In order to increase the strength of the collection the Department subscribes for a number of important newspapers and periodicals published out of the State; and others are received by exchange. All are carefully arranged, and are immediately available for use. Dailies are bound in two to four books to the year, and weeklies, three years in one book. The fourth section of the act of establishment expressly authorizes county officials to deposit with the Department any newspaper files preserved in their offices. Under this authori- (21) 22 Department of Archives and History. zation the files of the counties of Escambia, Jefferson, Mobile and Montgomery have been received. As soon as adequate quarters are secured others will be deposited. The number of early files which have been brought together is gratifyingly large. In the collection are several files running consecutively through a long period, and some date prior to the admission of the State into the Union in 1819. There are four or five approximately full files for the years 1861 tO' 1865. De partment Bulletin No. 3, now in preparation, is a "Check List of newspaper and periodical files in the Department." Over seven hundred and fifty bound books and several hundred rare single issues are listed. MANUSCRIPTS. Students have long recognized the very great value of the manuscripts, papers and correspondence of public men and prominent actors in business and political affairs. The discovery of such material serves to add to the stock of historical data, as well as to correct errors and to add details. Manuscripts of this character are to be distinguished from the documentary material in State, county and municipal archives. The Department has made persistent appeals to families and others having old letters and manuscripts, to deposit them in its collections for historical purposes, and also for better preservation. The response has not been general, but it is sufficiently so to demonstrate the importance of the effort. Of several hundred manuscripts re ceived, the following list contains some of the more important groups, in addition to the special collections hereinafter noted, viz : Copy of the commonly designated "Stiggins Manuscript," a history of the Creek Indians, compiled by George Stiggins, the original being in the Draper MSS. in the Wisconsin State His torical Society, Madison. Diary for 1862, kept by Alpheus Baker, brigadier-general from Alabama, C. S. A. Original manuscript of Dr. J. Marion Sims's Story of My Life, (1886.) Military papers of James Jackson, colonel 47th Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. Papers of Gen. Ira Foster. (22) Library. 23 Papers of Gen. Elisha Y. Fair. Manuscript Journal of James A. Tait in the Creek War, 1813-1814. Military papers of James F. Waddell, major of artillery, C. S.A. ivlilitary papers of Moses Wright Hannon, brigadier-general from Alabama, C. S. A. Military papers of Zach C. Deas, brigadier-general from Ala bama, C. S. A. Original order of Gen. Rosecrans, U. S. A., May 24, 1863. Papers of Thomas B. Cooper, State senator and political leader. Manuscripts and papers of Hon. Boiling Hall, M. C. from Ga., 1811-1817, also of his son Boiling Hall, and of Boiling Hall, Jr., (col. 59th Alabama regiment, C. S. A.) Manuscript volume, containing orders, etc., of Gen. W. H. Jackson's Cavalry Division, C. S. A., 1863-1864. Papers of Thomas Malone, an early settler and official of Alabama. Manuscript minutes of the Lowndes circuit, Alabama confer ence, Methodist Protestant Church, 1867-1879. Papers of Col. Gilbert Christian Russell, soldier in the Creek War, and early settler in Alabama. Military papers of James D. Webb, col. 51st Alabama regi ment, C. S. A. Original manuscript of the farewell address of Col. John T. Morgan to the 51st Alabama regiment, C. S. A., on his promo tion as brigadier-general, 1863. Collection of about one hundred autograph letters, received by Miss Louise Manly in the preparation of her work on Southern Literature (1895-1900). Letters of Thomas D. and Virginia (Po-well) Clarke, 1837- 1849. Original commission of Sutton S. Scott, "Commissioner of Indian Affairs," C. S. A., dated Feb. 26, 1863. Old record book of the Jackson (Alabama) Town Company, 1815-1817. A bound volume of President's autographs, containing letters of all the presidents of the United States from George Wash ington to Theodore Roosevelt. Papers of William Wirt Allen, major-general from Alabama, C. S. A., and late of Montgomery, consisting of more than two (23) 24 Department of Archives and History. hundred original manuscript orders, reports, letters, notes and other documents' relating to his several commands, also thirty original manuscript and other maps of the Vv^ar period, and six printed orders. MAPS AND CHARTS. The opportunity to secure many additions to this branch of the library has been limited. A good beginning, however, has been made, and several atlases, wall maps and original manuscript maps have been secured. Apart from the original unpublished maps noted below, the most valuable in the collection is a copy of La Tourrette's first Map of Alabama (1838), in almost per fect condition. The Department proposes to secure copies of early French, Spanish and British maps, also all State maps, and maps of districts, counties, and towns. Some of its manu script maps in addition to original maps among the land records, are the following : Drawing of Fort Morgan, by Julius H. Bayol, Feb. 12, 1861. Original manuscript map of the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, March 27, 1814. Original manuscript map of the Battle of Talladega, Nov. 9, 1813. Manuscript map (blue print) of Old St. Stephens, Ala. Original map of Cahaba, first capital of Alabama, 1818. Original map or drawing of Fort Mims, 181 3. Original map of the old town of Autaugaville, Ala. About thirty original manuscript and other maps of the War period, 1861-1865. Large blue print copy of the Bernard Romans' Map of 1772. SPECIAL COLLECTIONS. Yancey Manuscripts and Papers. Possibly the greatest evidence yet given of confidence in the growth of the Department has been shown by the family of William L. Yancey in the presentation by them of all his manu scripts and papers. In a general way these may be said to embrace several large scrap-books, filled with personal and polit ical data for the whole period of his life, several bound files (24) Library. 25 of newspapers, bound volumes of his speeches and addresses, and a number of manuscript letters and documents. Included in the collection are a number of relics. A life-size oil portrait was contributed by his only daughter, Mrs. Mary (Yancey) Harrell, late of Birmingham. Curry Collection. The most important gift of books and documents yet received is practically the whole of the large private library of the late Dr. J. L. M. Curry, consisting of about one hundred and fifty volumes of pamphlets, and special collections of books on South ern history, education, and the negro. The pamphlets are the gift of his son, Capt. Walker Curry, while the remainder of the collection was presented by Mrs. Alice (Thomas) Connally, the representative of the estate of her sister, Mrs. Curry. Mrs. Connally also included in the donation a volume of the auto graphs of the presidents of the United States, several personal relics of Dr. Curry, and a most excellent life-size oil portrait. The importance and value of the pamphlet collection, comprising substantially twenty-five hundred separate pieces cannot be too strongly emphasized. Remnant op Pickett Historical Library. Every one will agree in the high estimate which should be placed on Col. Albert J. Pickett as Alabama's principal historian. An unusual interest attaches to his life, the inception and prog ress of his historical studies, and to everything said or done by him. For a special Pickett collection, the Department has been able to secure about sixty volumes, all of which were used by him in the preparation of his History of Alabama, (1851.) Apart from the intrinsic value of these books, they have a sen timental value to which lovers of history cannot be insensible. Col. M. L. Woods, a son-in-law of Col. Pickett, has added a number of old original letters and papers. Among the latter are several written from Charleston during the time Col. Pick ett was there, superintending the publication of his work. In the latter gift are also original drawings of maps of Fort Mims and of the old town of Autaugaville, Ala. (25) 26 Department of Archives and History. Meek Collection. William C. Meek, Esq., of Columbus, Miss., has enriched the Department collections by the gift of several interesting articles relating to his uncle, the late Judge A. B. Meek. The principal item is an unpublished "History of Alabama," left unfinished by Judge Meek at the time of his death in 1865. He was the eariiest student of Alabama history, contributing a series of historical sketches to the Southron, published in Tuscaloosa, as early as 1839. The manuscript referred to is in excellent con dition, and the narrative is practically complete from the earliest times to about 18 19. Included in the donation are also several manuscript poems, and other literary manuscripts and scrap- books of Judge Meek, an excellent life-size oil portrait, the sword carried by him in the Creek and Seminole Wars of 1836, and a lot of newspaper files preserved by him. Lewis Manuscripts. The manuscripts and papers of William Terrell Lewis, late of Louisville, Winston county. Miss., secured for the Depart ment through the interposition and assistance of Prof. Henry S. Halbert, is a rich collection of genealogical material. Mr. Lewis began a correspondence, lasting fifty years, with various parties in the United States, especially in the South, on genealogical and historical subjects. During the course of a long life this correspondence had become quite voluminous and every letter was carefully preserved by him. He corresponded with Dr. Lyman C. Draper, with Col. J. F. H. Claiborne, Generals Wm. Barksdale and John A. Quitman, of Mis sissippi and with many eminent citizens of Virginia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, Kentucky and Alabama. This cor respondence, an historic mine,, will be of incalculable service to students of the history of Southern families. The correspondence extends from about 1834 to 1891. (26) V. historical art gallery. The collection of a gallery of representative portraits, views and likenesses of persons and scenes in Alabama history has been one of the conspicuous forms of Department activity. The oil paintings, crayons, views, and photographs already brought together have far exceeded the most sanguine expecta tions. These number several hundred, and, placed on exhibi tion in the Senate chamber, form one of the most attractive features of interest in the historic old capitol. In the collection are some specimens from the masters. Collections of photo graphs are being made of the members of the Alabama consti tutional conventions of 1819, 1861, 1865, 1867, 1875 and 1901, also of all the principal officers of Alabama commands in the war between the States, also of Alabama historians, scientists, finan ciers, novelists, poets, industrial leaders, educators, journalists, political leaders, etc., etc. Effort is directed to securing the following general classes for exhibition and permanent preservation, viz : ( i ) Likeness es of all persons prominent in Alabama history as well as of all prominent persons; (2) Drawings or photographs of historic localities, historic houses, and beautiful or picturesque scenery in the State; (3) Collections of engravings and art volumes; (4) Statuary, bronzes, etc., of any subject; (5) Valuable paintings, or drawings, of any subject. OIL PORTRAITS. The list below embraces the collection of oil portraits only : William Wirt Allen, major-general, C. S. A. ; Dr. S. Ames, physician and surgeon ; James Osgood Andrew, bishop of M. E. Church, South ; Mrs. Caroline (Bird) Beeman (2nd marriage), mother of William L. Yancey; Dr. Nathan Bozeman, physician and surgeon ; Braxton Bragg, general, C. S. A. ; -M. J. Bulger, brigadier-general, C. S. A. ; E. C. Bullock, journalist, and colonel i8th Ala. regiment, C. S.A.; (27) 28 Department of Archives and History. James Holt Clanton, brigadier-general, C. S. A. ; Henry DeLamar Clayton, major-general, C. S. A. ; William Cooper, lawyer ; William Crawford, second federal judge in Alabama ; Mrs. William Crawford, his wife ; OHver Fitts, superior court judge. Miss. Territory; Benjamin Fitzpatrick, governor and U. S. senator; Isham Warren Garrott, brigadier-general, C. S. A. ; Dr. Lafayette Guild, medical director. Army of N. Va. ; Henry W. Hilliard, political leader, member of Congress ; George S. Houston, member of Congress, governor and U. S, senator ; Robert Jemison, Confederate States senator ; Ephraim Kirby, first superior court judge in what is now Ala bama, 1804; Robert Fulwood Ligon, lieutenant-governor of Alabama; Tennent Lomax, brigadier-general, C. S. A. ; Tennent Lomax, Jr., lawyer and political leader ; Col. John McKee, Indian agent and member of Congress. William D. Martin, member of Congress from S. C. ; Alexander B. Meek, poet, jurist and historian; John T. Milner, "captain of industry ;" Edward H. Moren, heutenant-governor of Alabama; J. T. Morgan, brigadier-general, C. S. A., and U. S. senator; Charles T. Pollard, "captain of industry ;" James R. Powell, "Duke of Birmingham ;" E. W. Pettus, brigadier-general, C. S. A., and U. S. senator ; Francis Leigh Pettus, lawyer and political leader ; Howell Rose, political leader and business man ; Reuben Saffold, chief justice of Alabama; Mrs. Reuben Saffold, his wife ; John Caldwell Calhoun Sanders, brigadier-general, C. S. A.; Emma Sansom, Alabama girl heroine, 1863 ; Winthrop Sargent, first governor of the Mississippi Territory ; John Gill Shorter, war governor of Alabama, 1861-1863; Dr. J. Marion Sims, physician and surgeon ; Henry M. Tarrant, early settler in Jefferson county, 1819; L. P. Walker, first Confederate States secretary of war ¦ Dr. John Allan Wyeth, physician and surgeon ; William L. Yancey, distinguished political leader, member of Congress, and Confederate States senator. (28) VI. MUSEUM. The installation of a museum is appropriately considered as embraced in the scope of the duties and activities of the Depart ment. While attractive as a mere exhibition of rare and curious objects of an antiquarian character for the entertainment of visitors, the plan projected is designed and is being developed as a part of a comprehensive collection of historical materials. Apart from the obligation due the past to preserve its memorials, such things are in themselves of the greatest value as illustrat ing the times of which they are the surviving evidences. So comprehensive is the Department plan that the collection to be built up is designed to embrace each and every object or article which properly comes within the scope of museum collection. These include among other things : (i) Relics of pioneers and pioneer life, as articles of dress, implements of labor, implements of the chase, and household furnishings. (2) Relics and personal belongings of eminent Alabamians, as library desks or tables, chairs, knives, dirks, dueling pistols or other fire arms, stock, knee or shoe-buckles, drinking cups, watches, chains, snuff-boxes and canes. (3) War relics, as uniforms, swords, arms and equipment. This includes all wars of the United States, for there are known to be a number of Revolutionary relics in Alabama. (4) Indian relics, as pottery, weapons of all kinds, personal ornaments, specimens of modem Indian handicraft. ( 5 ) Modern work, when specially notable from being unique in design, or the first of a class of article manufactured or intro duced. VALUABLE RELICS. Some of the articles in the Department Museum collection are the following: An old Spanish or French cannon, date unknown, but sup posed to be about the i6th century. (29) 30 Department of Archives and History. Old French brick, taken from the powder magazine of old Fort Louis de la Mobile, erected in 1702. An old cannon, brought by Bienville to Fort Toulouse in 1714. Old flint and steel gun, used in the War of the Revolution. SwOrd, used by members of the Evans family in the War of 1812, the Mexican War, and the War between the States. Small sword carried by Judge Alexander B. Meek as an en sign in the Creek Indian War, 1836. Small pistol of Col. John Crowell, first member of Congress from Ala., presented to him by Deringer, the inventor and maker. Pistol used in the Mexican War by James Cantey, later briga dier-general, C. S. A. Walking cane of Gov. Benjamin Fitzpatrick. Walking cane of Col. Thomas J. Judge. Gold and silver heads of the walking canes of William L. Yancey. Dueling pistol of William L. Yancey. Small writing case, carried by William L. Yancey on his European mission in 1861. Sword cane, original owner unknown. Sword and sash of Samuel Adams, colonel of the 33rd Ala bama regiment, C. S. A. Sword of Robert H. Abercrombie, colonel of the 45th Alabama regiment, C. S. A. Small leather trunk carried through the War between the States by Lieutenant-Colonel D. W. Baine, 14th Alabama reg iment, C. S. A. Old cannon, made of hoop-iron prior to 1861. Old cannon, made from the axle of a steamboat wheel at Columbus, Ga., about 1865. (30) VII. ALABAMA WAR RECORDS. COMPILATION OF ROSTERS. The Department is charged by the act of establishment with "the duty of making special effort to collect data in reference to soldiers of Alabama in the war between the States," and "to cause the same to be prepared for publication as speedily as possible." It was felt that next to the current business of the Department, the compilation, for publication, of the records of Alabama troops was of the very first importance. In the per formance of this duty, the Director has labored diligently. Fortunately for the more speedy and successful accomplish ment of the ends desired. Congress, on Feb. 25, 1903, enacted : "That under the direction of the Secretary of War the Chief of the Record and Pension Office shall compile, from such offi cial records as are in the possession of the United States and from such other authentic records as may be obtained by loan from the various States and other official sources, a complete roster of the officers and enlisted men of the Union and Confed erate armies." This work when completed will correlate the "Official Rec ords" of the War (documentary material), already issued in one hundred and twenty-eight large books. Publication having been undertaken by the War Department has relieved Alabama of this task, at least for the present. Acting with commendable promptness the Secretary of War addressed a communication to the governors of the several States in which he announced the readiness of his Department to proceed at once with the compilation, and inviting the co operation of States, societies and individuals. He also reques ted the designation of some official or Department to have charge of the work in each State. In response Hon. William D. Jelks, the Governor, promised the full and earnest co-opera tion of Alabama. He appropriately committed to the Department of Archives and History the task of collecting the data desired in reference (31) 32 Department of Archives and History. to Alabama soldiers. The Director has been in communication with the Chief of the Record and the Pension Office, and all rosters, rolls, data and memoranda in the possession of the State will be loaned for the use of the work. The correspondence below will serve to further explain the proposed compilation : Secretary Root to the Governor. War Department, Washington, March i6, 1903. The Governor of the State of Alabama, Mo-ntgomery. Sir : There is a very general desire on the part of the surviv ing participants of the great struggle in which the country was engaged from 1861 to 1865, and on the part of the descendants of those who have passed away, for a publication that shall be accessible to the general public and shall show the names of those who, either as officers or enhsted men, bore arms for the Union or for the Confederacy during the great war. In the opinion that this desire is one that should be gratified, and that can be gratified, in great measure at least, by compiling and pub lishing, as a continuation of the publication known as the "Offi cial Records of the Union and Confederate Armies," a complete list or roster of the officers and men who served in those armies during the civil war, this Department recommended at the last session of Congress the enactment of a law authorizing the compilation and preparation of such a roster for publication. That recommendation was followed by the enactment of a pro vision of law, which is embodied in the Legislative, Executive and Judicial Appropriation Act approved February 25, 1903, and which is as follows : [Here is given the law as set forth above.] The Department is prepared to enter at once upon the work of making the compilation thus authorized, and to push it to com pletion as rapidly as possible. There will be little or no difficul ty in making the Union part of the roster complete, but there will be great difficulty with regard to the Confederate part because of the incompleteness of the collection of Confederate records in the possession of this Department. It is of the first importance, therefore, that no effort shall be spared to secure the temporary loan to the War Department, for the purpose of (32) Alabama War Records. 33 copying, of any and all authentic Confederate records that can be found anywhere. Many of these records are in the posses sion of the various States and it is hoped will be made readily accessible, but there are others that are widely scattered among historical memorial associations and private citizens. The prob lem of how to find and procure the loan of these scattered rec ords is a difficult one, but is one that must be solved in order that the Confederate soldier shall receive the full credit that is due him in the roster that is to be compiled. I earnestly invite your co-operation with the Department in an effort to make this compilation as nearly complete as it is possible to make it, and I shall be glad to have the benefit of any suggestions that you can make as to the manner in which that end can be best attained. The work will be in the immedi ate charge of Brigadier General F. C. Ainsworth, Chief ofthe Record and Pension Office of this Department, and I beg leave to suggest that, if the plan herein outlined meets your approval, you designate some official of your State to communicate with him relative to the details of the work and the steps to be taken in the furtherance of it. Very respectfully, (Signed) Elihu Root, Secretary of War. General Ainsworth to the Director. Record and Pension Office, War Department, Washington City, March 30, 1903. Hon. Thomas M. Oiven, Director of the Department of Archives and History, Montgomery, Ala. Dear Sir: I am gratified to learn, through a letter from Governor Jelks to the Secretary of War, dated March 28, 1903, that you have been designated to co-operate with the Depart ment in the effort to make the recently authorized roster of the officers and men of the Union and Confederate Armies as nearly complete as it is possible to make it, so far as Ala bama troops are concerned. A considerable collection of the rolls of Alabama Confederate organizations is now in the possession of this Department. While (33) 34 Department of Archives and History. that collection does not by any means show all the names of the officers and men who were in the Confederate service from Ala bama, and while it does not show the complete military histories of those whose names it does show, it is hoped that the list of names and the histories of individual officers and men can be made much more nearly complete by record evidence obtainable fromi other original rolls that may nowi be in the possession of the State of Alabama, or of historical societies, memorial asso ciations and individuals of Alabama and other States. The legislation authorizing the compilation of the roster is construed by the Department to restrict it, in making the com pilation, to the use of original records made during the war period, and to preclude the use of printed or manuscript copies or compilations made subsequently. For this reason, and in order that there shall be no ground for doubt as to the accura cy of the proposed roster, the Department will be unable to use in the compilation any of the rosters that have heretofore been published, but must in all cases seek the original records upon which those rosters were based. You will readily see that, in order that the compilation now in progress shall be as nearly complete as it is possible to make it, it is essential that the War Department shall obtain the tempor ary loan, for the purpose of copying, of any original official rolls, lists or other documents that show the names of Confed erate officers and men and that are nowi in the custody of State officials, historical or memorial associations, public or private libraries, or that are in the possession of private citizens. It is impracticable for the War Department to communicate v,;ith the various holders of these scattered records, and conse quently the Department must rely upon each State to collect, by loan or otlierwise, such records of its own or other Confed erate organizations as may be obtainable within the State, and to for.v'avd the collection when completed to this Department, by which (he records will be copied and returned to the State with the least possible delay. Of course, the express charges incident to shipping records to and from the State will be de frayed by the Department. Permit me to suggest, if the plan herein outlined meets with your approval, that you take such steps, through the public press and otherwise, as you may deem to be advisable and prop er to give the plan wide publicity, and to enable you to gather together all original Confederate records that can be collected (34) Alabama War Records . 35 in your State by loan or otherwise. If it occurs to you that a different plan from that indicated herein should be adopted, or if during the progress of the work you can make any suggestion tending to facilitate or improve it, you will confer a favor upon the Department and myself by advising me freely iand fully with regard to your views. Very respectfully, (Signed) F. C. Ainsworth, Brigadier-General, U. S. A., Chief Record and Pension Office. narrative histories or historical sketches of ALABAMA commands. The proposed compilation of rosters, as will be noted, is limited to the personnel, or to the individual records of soldiers, compiled from official sources. Historical or descriptive sketches will form no part of the work. The wisdom of such exclusion is apparent, but the narrative histories of the several commands are nevertheless important and demand considera tion. Therefore, the Department has in preparation a series of narrative histories or historical sketches of the several or ganizations of troops from Alabama in the War, 1861 to 1865. The commands to be embraced in the series are regi ments, battalions, batteries, and companies which were never parts of larger organizations. Alabama nobly responded to every call at all stages of the unequal struggle, and her soldiers from Manassas to Appomat tox have left an honorable record of noble endeavor and heroic achievement. From 1861 to 1865 there were raised in the State and mustered into her own or into the Confederate ser vice, over two hundred regiments, battalions, batteries, and separate companies of militia, reserves and home guards. Histories of about one-tenth of the commands have been secured, and arrangements are being made for the preparation of the remainder. It is the earnest wish of the Department that all sketches be prepared by surviving participants if possible. There are many reasons why this is the desirable course. A sketch pre pared by a participant will be more vivid and realistic, the de tails, the individual incidents, and the deeds of personal daring (35) 36 Department of Archives and History. will be more surely presented, and the nice adjustment and rela tion of events will be more carefully preserved. The sketches are intended to present a full narrative of the entire operations of the particular command from organization to surrender, and where practicable, in accordance with the following outline: (i) Brief account of the movements lead ing to organization; (2) Brief accounts of the formation of the several companies, and of their officers, and the formation of the regiment, battalion, or battery; (3) First field and staff, with brief sketches; (4) Equipment; incidents of first service, and esprit de corps; (5) Brief accounts of the several battles in which engaged, sufficient to show generally the part played by the particular command therein, with special mention of deeds of daring, bravery, losses, etc. ; (6) Prison Hfe and inci dents; (7) Recruiting; (8) Camp incidents; (9) Subsistence; (10) Religious tone; (11) Numbers enlisted and casualties; (12) Surrender and return home. No rolls are to be given in the narrative. Each sketch will be illustrated, as far as possible, by con temporary camp scenes, groups of officers, and pictures of the mem.bers of field and staff, and some of the line officers. The Department has a full collection of all printed material, and also all existing manuscript materials in official reposi tories, bearing upon the history of Alabama soldiers. These materials are available for the use of all who may wish to assist in completing the series, as well as all others who may desire to consult them. FLAGS. Special effort has been put forth to locate and obtain all flags, banners, guidons, markers or emblems, carried or used by commands from Alabama in the Confederate States Army. Placed in the keeping of the Department these interesting relics will be sacredly and carefully guarded and preserved, alike to the generosity of the donors, and to the glory of the brave soldiers of whom they are everlasting memorials. Almost every company, battalion, regiment and brigade had its flag. As is well known many of these were captured, and are now in the War Department at Washington, or in the custody of northern States, or of museums, or of historical (36) Alabama War Records. 37 societies. Many, however, were saved, and by loving and jealous hands have been preserved through the passing years. Some have drifted into local collections, or into the keeping of camps of Confederate Veterans, or of chapters of the Daugh ters of the Confederacy. The number secured so far is not large, but others are prom ised. A catalogue is in preparation showing the location and custody of all known to be preserved. (37) VIII. DIFFUSION OF KNOWLEDGE IN REFERENCE TO THE HISTORY AND RESOURCES OF THE STATE. The diffusion of knowledge in reference to the history and resources of the State has proceeded with as much thorough ness as has been possible with the limited means at command. The Department stands ready to respond to every proper call for assistance on any and all subjects connected with Alabama or its history. This assistance already given has taken a great variety of forms, some of which are (i) supplying war rec ords, (2) transcribing documents, (3) verification of historical references, (4) response to inquiries in reference to books, ancestral data, archaeological data, and for pamphlets and official documents, (5) consultation by the Daughters of the American Revolution, the United Daughters of the Confeder acy, and other patriotic societies, etc., etc. The history of Alabama is a long record of achievement and endeavor; and its resources are wonderful in richness, variety and extent. The attempt has been made to widen the infor mation of the people, not only of Alabama, but of those beyond our borders, in respect to these things. Hundreds of official and other documents have been distributed, and special assist ance has been given several of the great libraries of the country in completing sets of Alabama material. In this way students who resort thither will have the opportunity of using Alabama experiences and examples in their researches and studies. In addition to this, whenever public men or others have been in need of Alabama documents, or official or other publications, an endeavor has been made to supply them. To render the usefulness of the Department greater for the future, all Alabama documents, papers, reports, bound books, bulletins, and other publications which can be located, are being collected and preserved. Too little attention has been paid these heretofore, and numbers have been destroyed. The col lections thus made will be invaluable when the people of the (38) Diffusion of Knowledge. 39 State are aroused to the important character of such material, and attempt to make up complete sets. The newspapers of the State have been sympathetic and cordial, and several historical contributions, prepared under Department direction or suggestion, have appeared in their pages. In order to give greater publicity to the operations of the Department, and at the same time to thereby bring public atten tion more directly to its needs and character, a column was conducted by the Director in the Sunday issue of the Montgom ery Advertiser, beginning with the number for July 28, 1901. At the first of each month classified lists of the donations for the preceding month were published. These served as public acknowledgement to donors as well as to indicate to others, who had gifts, what were desired. The column contained notes on Department work and plans, as well as a variety of historical papers. It was discontinued with the issue for April 13, 1902, owing to the number of demands on the time of the Director. (39) IX. ENCOURAGEMENT OF HISTOR ICAL WORK AND RESEARCH. The interpretation of the duty of the Department in refer ence to the encouragement of historical work and research has been broad and liberal. An attempt has been made to arouse greater interest in the subject of history itself, by means of lectures, press notes, informal conferences and by correspon dence. The value of history in schools has been pointed out to teachers and students, and the importance of accurate and impartial text-books has been urged. The preparation of local, church and family histories, and historical studies in special subjects has been encouraged, and every assistance has been afforded, not only in suggestions and criticism as to form and methods of preparation, but also in supplying materials. The Colonial Dames, the Sons of the Revolution, the Daugh ters of the American Revolution, the United Confederate Veterans, the United Daughters of the Confederacy, the United Sons of Confederate Veterans, and all other patriotic organiza tions have been materially aided. The Director is the chair man of the historical committee of the Alabama Division, United Sons of Confederate Veterans, an associate member of the historical committee, LTnited Daughters of the Confederacy, and an adjunct member of the historical committee. United Confederate Veterans. He is also the secretary of the Society of the Sons of the Revolution in the State of Alabama, and has been diligent in his efforts to locate Revolutionary relics, and the graves of all soldiers of the Revolution buried in the State. Interest in the Alabama Historical Society has been earnest ly fostered, and the Director, who is its secretary, is also the editor of its Publications. Much substantial work in local his tory has been accomplished by the Iberville Historical Society, Mobile, the Tennessee V.'..lley Historical Society, Huntsville, and tlie C)ld St. Steuben'. Historical Society, St. Stephens, in all of which the .Deijartment has been a valuable coadjutor. Students everywhere are invited and urged to use the De partment collections, and every facility is extended in their researches. Special invitation has been extended the great American Universities to make use of the Department material. (40) X. SPECIAL ACTIVITIES. In meeting the full measure of its responsibility, the Depart ment has projected plans for the development of sundry special activities, not embraced in those heretofore described. These may be summarized as the commemoration of historic events or anniversaries, the acquisition of historic places or localities, the erection of monuments, the marking of historic sites or houses, mound exploration, co-operation with societies and other institutions engaged in historical, literary, library or kin dred work, and the encouragement of State support in behalf of historica] enterprise. BICENTENARY OF THE FOUNDING AND SETTLEMENT OF MOBILE, JANUARY, 1902. At the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees, Oct. i, 1901, a resolution was adopted instructing the Director to aid "in all practicable ways the bicentennial celebration of the found ing of Mobile by the French in January, 1702." In obedience thereto, as soon as the movement was projected by the Iberville Historical Society looking to the celebration of this historic event, the Director visited Mobile, took part in the meetings, served on committees, and otherwise aided in the work as far as he could. The celebration took place in Mobile, January 22, and at the old site of Fort Louis de la Mobile, January 23, 1002. The exercises on each day were successful in every detail and reflected great credit on the officers and members of the Iberville Historical Society, and the citizens of Mobile. The leading spirit in the whole movement was the president of that Society, Peccr J. Hamilton, Esq. After the celebration Mr. Hamilton secured a donation of the land, twenty-five fee*. sq.iare, surrounding the monument at Twenty-seven Mile Bhiff, from John M. Ladd, Jr., Ella H. Ladd, Kate H. Ladd, and Frank M. Ladd. Under date of May 10, 1902, Mr. Hamil ton transmitted the deed, properly recorded, to his excellency, the Governor, who in turn filed it with the Department. (41) 42 Department of Archives and History. ACQUISITION OF HISTORIC PLACES OR LOCALITIES. It accords with an enlightened and grateful sentiment to res pect the evidences of the former aboriginal occupation of the State, and to venerate the scenes of the exploits of her people in arms, or the place of occurrence of some historic event, or the spot where the great ones of the State first came into ex istence or where they sleep the last sleep. There are many places in Alabama which are famous by association with some such incident. Lists of these have been made, and if possible they are to be obtained, either by donation or purchase. When secured it is probable that some of them may be preserved and beautified as public parks, while others will be merely marked in some permanent manner. ERECTION OF MONUMENTS, AND THE MARKING OF HISTORIC SITES OR HOUSES. There are many points and places of great historic interest in the State, not included in the class just named, and which should be durably marked in some suitable way, either by a memorial stone, mural or other tablet, with appropriate in scriptions. Such monuments or memorials will become "object lessons in local history." The actual marking of such points or places properly belongs to local authorities, or societies, or public-spirited citizens. The part of the Department therein is limited to necessary investigation into the history of the place, or the occasion, or the event to be commemorated or marked. ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS. Archaeological investigation in Alabama has heretofore been substantially "limited to ignorant search for treasure or to the spasmodic digging of the seeker after relics." In order that further work might be conducted under intelligent direction and in order to bring into State custody the results of all future mound examination, to the Department was appropriately com mitted "the direction and control" of "the exploration of pre historic and Indian mounds and other remains existing in the State." A systematic plan of exploration has not yet been de- (42) Special Activities. 43 veloped. Additions are, however, being made to the lists of prehistoric works noted in the Report of the Alabama History Commission (1901), pp. 358-366, and preliminary inquiries are being made looking to future field work. Only the most thorough and scientific investigations will be conducted. REPORT OF THE ALABAMA HISTORY COMMISSION. In 1901 Vol. I of the Report of the Alabama History Com mission was presented to the Legislature and published in an octavo volume of 447 pages. All of the investigations of the Commission were not included in this volume, and a second was authorized, as follows, viz : "He shall prepare for the press, contract for and supervise the publication of volume two of the Report of the Alabama History Commission, the said volume to be similar to volume one of said Report as to printing, paper and binding, and to be paid for out of the public printing fund to be available after October i, 1901. This additional volume is to contain the results of the investigations of the Commission into the character and extent of the county records of the State. It has not yet been pub lished, owing to the necessity of more extended investigations into the records of the counties. CO-OPERATION WITH SOCIETIES OR INSTITUTIONS ENGAGED IN HISTORICAL, LITERARY, LIBRARY, ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND KINDRED WORK. The activities of the Department have not been limited to local effort. Through the membership of its Director in his torical, literary, library, archaeological and other societies, co operation has been extended in the accomplishment of their aims and objects. While attending their meetings and partic ipating in their proceedings and discussions the Director has not only been able to give help to others, he has also received valuable hints and suggestions which have been utilized in his Department work. It is felt that Alabama should be a real part in shaping the larger affairs of the day. Some of these soci eties are the American Historical Association, the American Library Association, the National Geographic Society, the United Sons of Confederate Veterans, and the Sons of the Revolution. (43) 44 Department of Archives and History. STATE SUPPORT FOR HISTORICAL WORK. In the renaissance of interest in history and historical work and enterprise in the South, the Department has done what it could to increase that interest and to give it proper shape and direction. It is but natural that it should urge the establish ment of similar departments in other States. Hundreds of copies of the act of establishment have been distributed, and sympathetic response has been made to numerous inquiries concerning its plan of administration. It is gratifying to reflect that Mississippi, just one year later, followed the lead of Alabama by the passage of an act, practically similar in all respects to the Alabama law. The plan has been endorsed by the United Sons of Confederate Veterans, and by various patriotic organizations, newspapers and educa tors in Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia. Several of these have taken steps which will ultimately result in the establishm-ent of departments for their States. (44) XI. THE DEPARTMENT WORK AS VIEWED BY HISTORIANS, STU DENTS AND OTHERS. Although of recent establishment, the Department has at tracted very general notice from historians, students and others interested in the class of work which it has undertaken. Its plan of administration instantly commanded the attention of thoughtful observers. The collections which have been brought together have elicited admiration and commendation. Some of the complimentary views recently received will be read with interest, pride and encouragement by all Alabamians. commendatory notices. Dr. Charles H. Haskins, professor of history. Harvard University, and corresponding secretary of the Amiiri- CAN Historical Association, Cambridge, Mass. : The showing of Alabama in such matters ought to stimu late all other States, north as well as south. Dr. Wm. A. Dunning, professor of history and political science, Columbia University, N. Y. : It has been the greatest possible pleasure to me to come per sonally into contact with you and your associates in the way of Southern historical development. Dr. George B. Adams, professor, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. : Thank you for the papers about the Alabama Department of Archives and History. I want to add my written congratu lations to the oral ones that I made you lately on the good work that you are doing for the future in your State. I wish these interests in every State were as well organized and in as good hands. Mr. William Beer, librarian, Howard Memorial Libra ry, New Orleans, La., in the Montgomery Advertiser, July 27, 1904 : The Archives of Alabama are in charge of Thomas M. Owen, who must have been specially created for the work, which he does so well. In the short time since the creation of his office, he has filled to overflowing not only those places allotted (45) 46 Department of Archives and History. for the purpose, but so much else that the Senate of Alabama will find some difficulty in locating themselves at the next session. Commenting on the foregoing, the Montgomery Times, July 27, 1904, stated: It requires testimony like this, and from such a source to bring home to the people of Alabama the collected legacies gathered within the inadequate space set apart in the capitol for the preservation of our claims to history. The Montgomery (Ala.) Advertiser, 1903: Mr. Owen has been a revelation to the people of the State in his aptitude for historical work, and the preserving of records, and he has made himself almost unaided the wonderful and valuable Department over which he now presides. What is of the Department is of him and I offer no apology for saying a word of the Department of Archives and History. Clarke County Democrat, Grove Hill, Sept. i, 1904: Director Owen of the Department of Archives and History is eminently the right man for the place. We doubt if Alabama has a more suitable man, or one as suitable for the position. Hon. John T. Morgan, U. S. senator from Alabama : Your book on the Statistics of Alabama is greatly apprecia ted as a most useful and creditable work. I thank you for the copy sent me. Your historical work will be worth more to Alabama than many more pretentious efforts of politicians. The State is just beginning to realize its strength and should move up to the front line of progress, where it so properly belongs. Gen. George P. Harrison, commander Alabama Divis ion, United Confederate Veterans, Opelika, Ala. : I beg to acknowledge receipt of yours of the 3rd inst., to gether with printed circulars therein contained, for which I beg to thank you and to express my appreciation of the care with which you are looking after the historical interests of Alabama, and especially your zealous effort to collect histori ca] material concerning Alabama soldiers. Dr. George F. Mellen, member House of Representa tives OF Tenn., Knoxville : I am exceedingly desirous of securing, for the better pres ervation of our State history, a department of archives similar in organization and efficiency to that of Alabama. I should be grateful to you for a copy of your State law and such other information as will aid in securing such legislation. (46) The Department Work. 47 CoL. Fred L; Robertson, adjutant-general, Florida Di vision, United Confeder.\te Veterans, Tallahassee: The Florida Division, U. C. V., at its annual encampment at Ocala adopted resolutions asking the State to establish a Department of Archives and History similar to that of Ala bama and I was directed to memorialize the Legislature to that effect. If you can give me any pointers that will help to forcibly impress the importance of this department on our solons I will greatly appreciate any suggestions that will help us to success. Worthington C. Ford, chief of Division of Manu scripts, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C. : I have watched with a good deal of interest the growth of your Department of Archives and History, and can bear testi mony to the progress you have made and the increasing value and interest of your collections. We act as trustees for the future, of this material, and no one can appreciate more than myself the advantages that will be offered to the students who come after us, in having these manuscripts open to study and use. Let the good work go on and above all issue lists of what you have in order that we may measure the resources already accessible. Dr. Reuben G. Thwaites, secretary State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison : I have watched with great interest the establishment and growth of the Department of Archives and History in the State of Alabama. You certainly have done a great work there in a very short time, and the Department has already won a national reputation for the excellence and character of its ser vice to the cause of history in the South. I hope that the peo ple of Alabama appreciate the services which you have rendered to Alabama history as fully and as cordially as do historical students in other parts of the Union. It is a splendid work, and I tiust may never lack the entire sympathy and the active encouragement of the people of your State. You have our most abundant congratulations and good wishes in the efforts which you are making towards the still further development of your admirably organized and splendidly conducted Depart ment. Dr. j. Franklin Jameson, professor of history in the University of Chicago: I am much obliged by your kindness in sending me the re cent circulars of your Department. Its plans of organization (47) 48 Department of Archives and History. and operations are very interesting, and I should think would in your hands prove eminently successful. I cannot express too strongly my sense of the value to every State of such endeavors to collect, classify and arrange historical material and make it accessible and useful to the citizens. It has been demonstrated again and again that a high degree of public spirit, with all the great benefits that may flow from it, is in no way so well created in any nation, state or community, as by earnest and intelligent devotion to the records of its past. The new Italian kingdom and the new German Empire owe an incalculable debt to those who, early in the nineteenth cen tury, organized systematic documentary work upon German and Italian history in those countries respectively ; and I feel sure that the good work you are doing will increase in Alabama the most laudable kind of State pride and foster public spirit. Gen. Stephen D. Lee, commander-in-chief. United Confederate Veterans, Columbus, Miss. : As a surviving Confederate soldier, and loyal Southerner, interested in, and desiring that the States of the late Confed eracy, shotild have a careful and detailed renaissance of their history (Colonial and State), to the date of the great War between the States ; and a careful record of their life, acts, purity of motive and patriotism, and deeds of valor, sacrifice, fortitude and sufferings, in that great historic period of our country's history ; and feeling that this work so important for future generations has been neglected, and perverted more or less by unfriendly critics ; I congratulate you in so actively and earnestly leading off, under the wise legislation of your State, in the organization, development and comprehensive accom plishment of the aims, purposes, and successful development of the Department of Archives and History of the State of Alabama. The State of Mississippi has followed in your steps and other States are also acting in this important work. I have watched the progress of your work and feel greatly encouraged in the belief, that your State, and others who will follow her example, will soon rescue from oblivion, and put in well arranged order the important records heretofore neglect ed, and arrange them in intelligent order for future reference and history. May you continue in your important work, and I trust Alabama will be wise in supporting your important duties. (48) State of Alabama Department of Archives an(i History THOIWAS M. OWEN, Director BULLETIN NO. 2 HISTOET OF THE First Regiment Alabama Volunteer Infantry c. s. a. BY EDWARD YOUNG McMORRIES, Ph. D. . **' A Private of the Perote Guards, Co. C, 1861, Co. G., 1862-1865 ; and an Original Member of both the Company and Regiment. MONTGOMERY, ALA.: THE BKOWN POINTING CO.. PRINTEE8 AND BINDEBS. 1904. copyright. 1902, COPYEIGHT, 1904, Br E. T. McMOEBIES. Cm t.4d The Department assumes no responsibility for the author's statements or opinions. TO THE SOLDIERS, THE SAILORS AND THE WOMEN OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, AND TO THEIR DESCENDANTS FOREVER, THIS LITTLE VOLUME IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED PREFATORY NOTE. The History of the First Regiment, Alabama Volunteer In fantry, Confederate States Army, contained in this volume, was prepared by the author in response to the request of the Alabama Department of Archives and History, for a series of Narrative Histories or Historical Sketches of Alabama Commands in the War between the States, 1861-1865. This series was early pro jected as one of the activities of the Department, and every effort has been made to secure the compilation of accurate and authen tic historical sketches of the several commands — regiments, bat talions and batteries — which are entitled to representation. In order to stimulate the early completion of the series and to afford a suitable model for further work, this sketch is issued in the present form. It presents in a clear and sympathetic way the story of the regiment, its organization, sketches of its offi cers, its engagements, prison life, and hardships, with numerous incidents of thrilling interest. Prof. E. Y. McMorries, the author, has performed a difficult task with delicacy and an eam est desire for the truth. It has been to him a labor of love, the entire work being done without compensation. He has a reward, however, in that he will receive the grateful plaudits of all sur vivors of this gallant command, and of the families of those who have passed away. He has coupled his name with the history of the regiment in an imperishable way as its annalist and histo rian. Thomas McAdory Owen, Director. Department of Archives and History of the State of Alabama. Montgomery, August 2, 1904. (53) CONTENTS. Title 1 Dedication 3 Prefatory Note 5 Contents 7 Introduction 9 Chapter I. Plenssacola Campaign, 1861 13 Chapter II. Island Number Ten Campaign, and Prison Life, 1862 34 Chapter III. Port Hudson Campaign, 1862-1863 48 Chapter IV. Meridian, Mobile, and Ckorgia Campaigns, 1863-1864 71 C hapter V. The Tennessee Campaign, 1864 82 Chapter VI. Campaign in the Carolinas, 1864-1865 93 Chapter VII. Reminiscences and Incidents 95 Chapter VIII. Dead of the First Alabama Regiment at Madison, Wis.; and Mrs. Alice Whiting Waterman 120 Chapter IX. Official Report of Col. (Surgeon) I. G. W. Steedman; and his Reminiscences of Prison Life 129 Index 137 (55) INTRODUCTION. It is well known that for twenty years I have resisted urgent appeals of surviving comrades to write a history of the First Alabama Regiment. Even now I yield my consent to undertake this sketch only after fully realizing that unless I write it, the regiment will be left without any record, and that it will be bet ter for the regiment to have a poorly written record than none whatever. I am fully aware of my incompetence to do the sub ject justice; and the insistence of Col. I. G. W. Steedman, the distinguished commander of the regiment during the war, and of Thomas M. Owen, the able and active Director of the Depart ment of Archives and History, are to a large degree responsible for the final appearance of the work. The following personal allusions are necessary in order to gratify the natural desire of readers to know the opportunities I have had by experience and observation for ascertaining the facts and incidents here recorded. I was an original member of the "Perote Guards," organized at Perote, Bullock (then Pike) county, in 1859, and composed mostly of students of the Perote Institute and of young business men of the town ; left Perote with the company Feb. 12, 1861, and the next day was mustered into the service of Alabama at Girard by a Captain Thom ; was organized with the company into the First Regiment Alabama Volunteers at Barrancas, Fla., about a month later, which regi ment, by consent of men and officers, was transferred to the Con federate service about April i, 1861 ; remained with the regiment until its surrender with the Army of Tennessee, April 27, 1865, at Greensboro, N. C. ; participated in every battle and campaign of the regiment except the march from Lovejoy Station, Ga., to Tuscumbia, Ala., in the fall of 1864; and shared the fate of the regiment in military prison in 1862 at Camp Butler, near Spring field, 111. With Vergil, I feel that I can justly say : "Quaeque ipse miserrima vidi Et quorum pars magna fui." (57) 10 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. AUTHORITIES AND SOURCES OF INEORMATION. The principal printed authorities and other sources of infor mation for this Sketch are : ( i ) Accoiints of battles and cam paigns published during and subsequent to the war by the pres ent writer in the Southern Advertiser, Troy, Ala., the Herald and Times, Union Springs, Ala., and the AdiMcate, Greenville, Ala. ; (2) Authentic clippings from newspaper and periodical press; (3) Unpublished manuscript notes by the present writer, made contemporary with the occurrences ; (4) Confederate Mili tary History (1899) in 12 vols., edited by Gen. Clement A. Evans; (5) Southem Historical Society Papers, in several vol umes; (6) Willis Brewer's Alabama: Her History, Resources, War Record, and Public Men (1872) ; and (7) Company K, First Alabama Regiment, or Three "Vears in the Confederate Service, by Lieut. Daniel P. Smith (1885; 12 mo. pp. 146.) In the compilation I have had the use of data and material, printed and reminiscent, collected by Col. Steedman and other surviv ors of the command. Over all a memory, perhaps unfortunate in never forgetting, has exercised a rigid yet conservative censorship. RECORDS OF THE REGIMENT. After a strenuous effort for several months it has been possi ble to secure from other than official sources, muster-rolls of only four of the thirteen companies of the regiment, besides that preserved in Smith's History of Company K. The following are the companies whose muster-rolls have recently (1902) been compiled, with the names of the survivors performing this all- important work: Perote Guards, Company G, Private D. S. Bethune, Sergeants Hector McLean, Dan McLean, Thomas B. Miles ; Talladega Rifles, Company D, Lieut. D. Z. Goodlet, and S. R. Wheeler; Tallapoosa Rifles, Company A, Lieuts. John H. Sanford, O. W. Lockett, Sergeant James H. Lowry ; Rough and Ready Pioneers, Company E, Lieut. F. P. Bledsoe. The rolls have been placed with the Alabama Department of Archives and History to supplemient the original records on file there. (58) Introduction. 11 SCOPE OE THE WORK. Within the limits of this sketch neither individual records nor company history can have any place except in so far as they may form an essential part of regimental history. The heroic deeds of every member of the regiment would be of inestimable value, if possible to obtain ; but it would require a volume many times greater than this to contain them. Therefore, the author, from a desire to be just to all, feels it his duty to omit special mention of any. REUNION OE THE REGIMENT IN 1898. Although not strictly pertinent, I deem it proper to present here a brief account of the reunion of the regiment in 1*^98. About twenty survivors met with Col. I. G. W. Steedman in the dining hall of the hotel at Shelby Springs, Ala., July 9, 1898, and organized under the title of "First Regiment, Alabama Vol unteers, C. S. A." Col. I. G. W. Steedman was chosen Presi dent; E. Y. McMorries, Vice-President; J. M. Thornton, Sec retary ; and Samuel R. Wheeler, Treasurer. To those who attended, it was truly "a feast of reason and flow of soul," thus to mingle with our immediate comrades of the mighty past, recount the scenes of our sufferings, achieve ments, and disappointments, and enjoy the presence of our hon ored and distinguished commander. It was a memorable occas ion in the history of the regiment. We all marked that in Col. Steedman the asperity of the military man had disappeared, and that, in its stead, a high and noble nature had been mellowed by age into one of decided sociability and strongest sympathy. A comrade remarked : "In the army I always greatly admired Col. Steedman as an officer, but now I love him." Those who did not attend this reunion can form no conception of Gol. Steed- man's intense fondness for the members of his old regiment. The night we organized he read to us, while tears chased each other rapidly down his cheeks, accounts of our dead buried in the Con federate cemetery at Madison, Wis., and other Northern prisons. He greatly appreciated the coming of comrades to meet him, and especially of the comrade who had come thirty miles from Tallapoosa county in a wagon with his. family. To him he gave an engraved portrait of himself on parting. (59) 12 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. On this occasion the preparation of a history of the regiment was discussed, and the writer was importuned to undertake the task. The assurances of help and assistance then given have done much to nerve him to the task. ENDORSEMENT BY COE. STEEDMAN; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. After the labor and pains expended in the preparation, it is gratifying to quote the following commendatory words from Col. Steedman : "I have carefully reviewed the manuscript of this historical sketch of the First Regiment jn.labama Volunteers, C. S. A., as writ ten by Prof. E. Y. McMorries, of tlantersville, Ala. The history of the campaigns in which I was personally engaged is correct in the general facts as well as in details. Our survivors and friends owe a debt of gratitude and thanks to Prof. McMorries for thus recording the history of our regiment, nearly forty years after the actual oc currences. The illustrations, except the photographs accompanying the text, are printed from original drawings in my possession. These drawings were made upon the spot by actual participants. They are not artistic and finished, but are valuable additions to the history 01 this heroic command." After I had completed the sketch, it was printed in the, Mont gomery Advertiser, Oct. 26, Nov. 2, 9, 23, and 30, 1902. Its publication called forth several commendatory expressions from many sources. My attention was also directed to some minor errors. For all these expressions I am profoundly grateful. The writer is under lasting obligations to Dr. Thomas M. Owen, for his hearty cooperation, for general editorial revision, proof-reading, and the supervision incident to publication; to Prof. Henry S. Halbert for a careful reading of the manuscript, and assistance in proof-reading ; and to Col. I. G. W. Steedman of St. Louis, Mo., for numerous letters of sympathy and encour agement, for the loan of several volumes of Confederate Military History, maps, plans of battle, etc., for furnishing at his own ex pense all illustrative cuts, for the deep and unremitting interest he has taken in the sketch, and for his invaluable criticisms of the manuscript. E. Y. McMorries, Regimental Historian, Plantersville, Alabama. Co. G, Perote Guards. (60) CHAPTER I. PENSACOLA CAMPAIGN, 1861. THE REGIMENT ORGANIZED. This sketch begins with the organization of the First Regi ment Alabama Volunteers at Barrancas Barracks, near Fort Barrancas, Fla., February, 1861. The companies composing the regiment were : the Eufaula Pioneers, Capt. John Clark; the Eufaula Rifles, Capt. Alpheus Baker; Perote Guards, Capt. George W. Daw son,; Wilcox True Blues, Capt. I. G. W. Steedtnan; the Alabama! Rifles, Talladega, Capt. J. H. Johnson; Clayton Guards, Capt. Jere N. WiUiams; Guards of the Sunny South, Capt. Y. D. Conyers ; Tallapoosa Rifles, Capt. J. D. Meadows ; Rough and Ready Pioneers, Capt. A. H. Owens; Red Eagles, Capt. Ben Lane Posey. These companies had been previously mustered into the service of Alabama- for twelve months, before leaving their State, but a few weeks later were transferred to the Confeder ate service, becoming the first regiment, not only from Ala bama, but from any other State of the Confederacy. The following officers were elected : Henry D. Clayton, Col onel; I. G. W. Steedman, Lieutenant-Colonel; Jere N. Wil liams, Major. The staff were : S. H. Dent, Adjt. ; Henry R. Shorter, Com missary; L. F. Johnson, Quartermaster; J. D. Caldwell, Sur geon; Walter Curry, Assistant Surgeon. Lieut. Ramsey became captain of the Wilcox True Blues, and Lieut. Maybury captain of the Clayton Guards. Braxton Bragg was major-general commanding the troops; Gens. A. H. Gladden and R. H. Anderson commanded their re spective brigades. (61) 14 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. THE PENSACOEA CAMPAIGN. The scene of the regiment's service the first year of the war was the vicinity of thd lower portions of Pensacola bay, between the navy yard and the mouth of the bay, about five miles dist ant. Of the physical features, forts, etc., of the locality, I may speak briefly. Pensacola bay, receiving the waters of the beautiful Escam bia river flowing almost due south, is formed by the interposi tion of Santa Rosa island lying due east and west, and, there fore, at right angles to the course of the river as it approaches the gulf ; and deflected westward past the city of Pensacola and the navy yard, curves gracefully southward from this latter point into the gulf between the western extremity of the island and a projecting spur of the main land about thirty-five miles below the mouth of the riverl Fort Pickens, by far the most formidable fortification in this vicinity both in structure and armament, stands upon this extremity of the island, and Fort McRee is due west just across the bay about one and one-half ¦ miles distant, the two forts forming the outpost defenses of the harbor. On the north side of the harbor or mainland from the navy yard to Fort McRee, are successively Warrenton, Marine Hos pital, Barrancas Barracks, Fort Barrancas, Fort Redoubt, Old Light House and New Light House. These points occupy ele vations from tem to thirty feet above tide water, Fort Barrancas and Old Light House being the highest, while Forts Pickens and McRee rise from the white sandy beach, down close to the water's edge. Fort Redoubt, designed as a place of retreat and continued) resistance in case of Fort Barrancas falling into the hands of the enemy, is half a mile inland, and directly ia rear of the latter with which it is -connected by an underground passageway. It was used by the Confederates as an arsenal. Santa Rosa island, a few feet above sea-level, from a quarter to half a mile wide, interspersed with clumps of gall-berry slashes, great banks of white sand and sea-drift, with here and there an old scaly, gnarly sea-coast pine, with not even a fisher man's hut or other sign of human habitation save the grim, gloomy old castle of Fort Pickens, stnetches away to the east many miles beyond the horizon. (62) Pensacola Campaign, 1861. 15 Previous to the arrival of the companies of the regiment, Lieut. A. J. Slemmer, commanding United States forces, had surrendered all the forts and public buildings on the mainland to Alabama and Florida volunteers ; and, with a small squad of regulars, had retired to Fort Pickens. Thus the stars and stripes were flying from the battlements of the latter, while the lone star of State sovereignty, soon to be supplanted by the stars and bars of the Confederate States, floated from all the forts and public buildings of the former. The personnel of the regiment was remarkable for the youthfulness of its members, and for notable men as privates in its ranks. Of the former, perhaps not more than 25 per cent. had reached their majority, while not 10 per cent, had passed twenty-five. The prevailing ages were from 18 to 21 in ranks, with quite a number from 15 to 18. The average age among officers could not have exceeded 30. Lieut.-Col. Steedman was only 26. Most of these young men were from homes of wealth and culture, of the best Southem families, and, in flamed with resentment against the North for long-continued aggressions upon the rights of the South, as well as by the recent John Brown raid in Virginia, had quitted these sur roundings of luxury, and, in many instances, classic halls of learning, and had seized their muskets and gone to battle. Nor less conspicuous and heroic were the conduct and spirit of the "wool hat boys" who, with no property interests involved, equalled the zeal and loyalty of their wealthy comrades in de votion, courage, sacrifice and duty. Neither space nor ability permit me to pursue further this tempting line of thought. Crown him historian laureate, the genius of whose pen shall adequately portray and reflect to future generations the war spirit of the South in 1861 ! All thinking classes in the South knew that the "irrepressible conflict" had come and must be met. Of notable men as privates in our ranks were Edward C. Bullock, a distinguished barrister; Judige John Cochran, an eminent jurist; and James L. Pugh, who upon the secession of Alabama a few weeks before, had resigned his seat in the Fed eral house of representatives. These men, in blouse, army shirts, trudging along at drill through the deep sand beneath a buming sun, or pacing their beats, or pushing a wheelbarrow of sand to construct a battery, were familiar sights to us all (63) 16 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. during our twelve months' service at Barrancas. They were dubbed "high privates." The following year private Bullock raised and led to the front the i8th Alabama regiment, but he shortly after died; private Cochran resumed the practice of law ; private Pugh was elected to the Confederate States Con gress, where he remained to the end of the war, and since the war he has served three terms in the United States Senate. He now (1904) resides in Washington, D. C. By such illustrious examples as the above, of which no peo ple ever furnished so many notable instances as the Southem States at the beginning of the war, the position and service of the Confederate soldier in ranks had been emphasized and dignified ; and this fact may be put down as the most powerful factor in the evolution of that sublime courage and irresistible prowess of the Southern soldier. There was no office-seeking, it being considered as high an honor to be a private as to be an officer. Men were elected to positions for their fitness to com mand, and not on account of culture, wealth, or family pres tige. Of course, men of superior advantages in all these re spects were elected toi office, but as a rule each was elected on his own individual merits. Nothing more plainly exemplifies the big-heartedness of the Southem aristocrat than this eleva tion of so many of his inferiors socially, and his steadfast loy alty to, and support of these officers from start to finish. Never before was an army organized on such broad basis of liberality, and never was there an army before commanded by such an able corps of officers. Mutual respect and confidence was the natural result. Until about the ist of April our regiment was quartered at Barrancas Barracks and Fort Barrancas. Many messes had negro cooks, and men hired to do all their laundry and other drudgery. All wore neat clothes, drew as daily rations a pound each of beef and baker's^ bread, occasionally supplemented with boxes of provisions from home. Most of the companies of the regiment had been organized several years before the war, and had been under the command of efficient officers and had, therefore, reached Barrancas quite proficient in company drill, but they had no experience in bat talion drill. We now entered the full routine .of soldier duty: company drill in the morning, battalion drill in the afternoon, guard and police duty, and all other duties. Military regula- (64) Pensacola Campaign, 1861. 17 tions began to be enforced and penalties to be inflicted for vio lation. A cordon of guards was kept around the encampment and along, the beach; no ingress or egress was permitted without a pass; no intoxicants were allowed within the lines. Whether rising or retiring or whatever else, everything must obey the taps of the drum. Guards were constantly bringing in one or more prisoners and dumping them in the guard house amid frantic execrations of the prisoner that he had come to war to fight for his rights, that he had lost all his rights by the tyranny of his officers, and that he wouldn't stand it. Raw troops and their officers both have a hard time until the former leam that a soldier's first and highest duty is to obey orders, and the latter how to command. COE. HENRY D. CLAYTON. Col. Clajion drilled the regiment the first two months, but having been assigned to court-martial duty practically left the drilling of the regiment to Col. Steedman for the rest of the year. Col. Clayton was a fine officer, afterwards becoming one of the ablest major-generals in the Confederate service. But both by native endowments and education he was a lawyer, politician, and man of letters; serving many years after the war as a distinguished circuit judge, losing in tbe Democratic State convention the nomination for Governor of Alabama by only a few votes. He was president of the Alabama State University when he died. In private as well as in public life, he was a man of most exemplary purity of character, and greatly loved by all the people of the State. His son, Henry D. Clayton, Jr., has ably represented (1904) the third congres sional district of Alabama in Congress, and another son, Bert ram Clayton, represented, for several terms, a New York con gressional district. COL. I. G. W. STEEDMAN. Col. I. G. W. Steedman combined all the inborn elements of a military man with a thorough military education, having graduated fromi the South Carolina Military Academy in 1856. Since it was he who, in 1861, made the First Alabama regiment one of the very best drilled in the Confederate army, thus lay ing the foundation for its subsequent distinguished career, I 2 (65) 18 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. may be permitted to speak briefly at this point of his family, service, and characteristics. He was born in Lexington dis trict, S. C, in 1835, where three generations of his family had lived before him. His great-grandfather, John Steedman, from the north of Irelandi, settled in Lexington many years be fore the Revolutionary war. His grandfather, George Steed man, was a soldier in the war of the Revolution, as were also his maternal ancesto-rs. His father, Reuben Steedman, served the last six months of the Civil War in the militia of South Caro lina under the official call for the enlistment of all men under fifty-five years of age. Four other sons of Reuben Steedman be sides the colonel, were in the Confederate service. Immediately after graduating from the military academy. Col. Steedman began the study of medicine, attending the South Carolina Medical College one term ; then coming to Ala bama he continued hiis professional studies under the preceptor- ship of his uncle. Dr. D. J. Fox, in Wilcox county, and finally receiving his diploma from the Medical Department of the University of Louisiana in 1859. He was engaged in the prac tice of medicine vvith Dr. Fox when Alabama seceded. Prompt ly volunteering, he was mustered into the siervice of Alabama as captain of the Wilcox True Blues in February, 1861, and ordered with his company to Fort Barrancas, near Pensacola, Fla. Within a month the company became Co. A, First Regi ment Alabama Volunteers ; and, as stated, he was elected lieu tenant-colonel of the regiment. At the reorganization of tbe regiment in February, 1862, he was unanimously elected col onel, and held this rank and position to the close of the war, though during a large portion of the time he was a prisoner-of- war. His first experience undbr fire was the bombardment of Fort Pickens, Nov. 22 and 23, 1861. In March, 1862, he was ordered with his regiment to Island No. 10, Mississippi river, and was put in command of the heavy batteries on the east bank of the river. There he exhibited in a high degree all the quali ties of an able commander, and under most trying and disad vantageous circumstances until compelled to surrender after a siege of four weeks by Federal gunboats and infantry. Suf fering at the time of the surrender with pneumonia, he was sent as a prisoner first to St. Louis, where he was held six weeks ; thence to Columbus, O., where he was paroled for a month (66) Pensacola Campaign, 1861. 19 within the city limits ; thence to Johnson's Island, where he was detained until exchanged at Vicksburg the following Septem ber. Rejoining his regiment at the latter place, they were sent a few days later to Port Hudson, La., where he was put in charge of a line of heavy batteries. He was in command of this line on the night of March 14, 1863. During the siege of Port Hudson, which began May 25 following, he was act ing brigadier-general in command of the left wing of the land defenses, as well as the river defenses ; and it was during this terrible siege of seven weeks that his superb endurance and military genius and courage shone forth with great resplend ence. After the surrender of Port Hudson July 8, four days later than that of Vicksburg on July 4, Col. Steedman and the rest of our officers were sent to New Orleans, thence to Governor's Island, N. Y., by sea, and thence to Johnson's Island, where he was held until the spring of 1865. While here he was, at the request of his fellow prisoners, put in charge of the prison hospitail, selecting his own assistants, five in number, who were also fellow prisoners. After being sent east for exchange he sailed from Fort Mc Henry, Baltimore, for City Point, and on the voyage rendered valuable service to the sick suffering from smallpox and gan- grtne. Before reaching its destination the vessel returned to the military prison at Point Lookout, and Col. Steedman was held here until sent to Fort Delaware, where he was paroled at the close of the war. Returning to Alabama he located in Montgomery for the practice oi his profession. On Oct. 31, 1865, he was married at St. Louis, Mo., to Dora Harrison, a native of that city, and locating in St. Louis he began the prac tice of his profession there in 1866. In his profession he was eminently successful, until he retired in 1880. He still ( 1904) resides in that city, in excellent health. He has three sons: James Harrison, George Fox, and Edwin H. Steedman, all Uni versity graduates, and successful manufacturers, being associ ated with their father. The following were some of the prominent characteristics of Col. Steedman, as he was in 1861-1865, and will be readily recognized by every member of the regiment : Five feet eight or nine inches high, weight about one hundred and forty pounds, dark grey eyes, dark brown hair, and heavy goatee and mus- (67) 20 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. tache of same color; perfectly symmetrical; graceful carriage, quick in movement, perception, decision, and expression ; a clear, ringing voice ; untiring energy ; a mind ever on the alert but never confused; utterly fearless, but never reckless; de lighting in the profession of arms ; firm in discipline, but most courteous to' and most- considerate of the humblest private; never, under any circumstances, exhibiting the least irritation or temper; abstemious; modest; chaste in language, and of pure, irreproachable private character; and of a powerful per sonal magnetism. Never was there an officer whose men would have followed him with more implicit faith and greater enthusi asm, into any danger he might have proposed to lead them. Nowhere did Col. Steedman have a greater admirer than the big-hearted Gen. Clayton himself. Speaking of Col. Steedman in the Lfnion Springs Herald, September, 1885, Gen. Clayton says : "If Col. Steedman had been in the field instead of being confined to garrison duty during the war, he would have risen to the rank of major-general long before I did." Maj. Williams, being third in command, had no particular opportunity to show his ability as a military man. He was held in the highest esteem by every member of the regiment. Since the close of the war he has represented the third congressional district in the lower house of the Federal congress, and since his retirement from congress has for many years filled the honorable position of chancellor of his district. Under the immediate direction- of Lieut. Joseph Wheeler, of the engineer corps, now the celebrated Gen. Wheeler of two wars, the regiment was soon put to erecting batteries along the heights west of Fort Barrancas : the Red Eagles for two motar guns in the rear of Fort Barrancas ; tbe Rough and Ready Pio neers, for two thirty-two pounders in the depressio-n between Fort Barrancas and the Old Light House ; the Perote Guards, for three ten-inch columbiads and one eight-inch columbiad at the Old Light House; the Alabama Rifles for two ten-inch mortars between the Perote battery and the New Light House ; the Clayton Guards, for two ten-inch rifle guns at the New Light House. These companies were assisted by daily details from other companies of the regiment, cannon being brought by slow and laborious processes (rolled on skids) from Forts Barrancas and (68) Pensacola Campaign, 1861. 21 McRee. While getting a' gun from the latter fort, the regiment heard for the first time of their future friend and inseparable traveling companion, the army louse ; for it was on this occasion that an old regular soldier was stripped, shaved and carried publicly out to the beach, stretched upon the sand and scrubbed to rid him of the loathsome vermin. We would then have re sented the slightest insinuation that these companions would form an accompaniment of our future wardrobe. This whole line was now astir with busy men. Work, drill, picket duty kept us moving ; and after the cannon were mount ed in their respective batteries, artillery drill was added. The scarcity of artillerists in the Confederate army at this stage of the war rendered it necessary that volunteers be trained at once for this important branch of the service, and this explains why our regiment came to be both an infantry and heavy artillery regiment. It continued' in this dual service until it left Fort Gaines, Ala., in May, 1864. Early in April the regim.ent cleared away the scrub bushes and seaweed between Fort Barrancas and Perote battery, and pitched their tents in front of the bay in full view of Fort Pickens, the Eufaula Pioneers remaining to garrison Fort Barrancas. The tents, with arbors of seaweed in front for shade, afforded a delightful retreat from the stale old barracks, but the warm spring brought clouds of mosquitos, and fleas of prodigious size and bloodthirsty intent became as numer ous as the sands of the seashore. THE SONG OE THE BONNIE BLUE ELAG. The first time I ever heard the song of the Bonnie Blue Flag was under the following circumstances : Lieut. M. B. Locke of the Perote Guards, later lieutenant-colonel of the regiment, came to me about sundown one evening and asked me to at tend the theatre with him that night in Warrenton. I gladly accepted the invitation for several reasons. In the first place, it gave me an outing beyond our lines for a few hours. In the second, I was fond of theatres anyway. In the third, I always loved "Mike" and deem his personal friendship one of my most valuable earthly possessions. We went. The large building was densely packed with soldiers, and a few ladies. I have no recollection of any special points in the play, but at the close (69) 22 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. was an incident never during life to be effaced from memory. A gentleman soloist, and a fine singer he was, advanced to the front of the stage bearing a large, blue, silk flag with a golden star in the center. Slowly unfurling the banner he began the song of the "Bonnie Blue Flag." As he named each State in the order of its secession the soldiers from these respective States cheered with the greatest enthusiasm. But as he con cluded the last stanza, "For the lone star of the Bonnie Blue Flag Has grown to be eleven," he at the same time reversed the banner, displaying on the opposite side a galaxy of eleven stars, representing the eleven States of our new-born Confederacy. The sentiment, the oc casion, the highly dramatic rendition of the whole recitation electrified the great assembly. Every man at once seemed to lose his reason. They sprang to their feet, rushed forward fran tically waving their caps and wildly gesticulating, some out of joy beating comrades with fists, others embracing and kissing, still others shouting and yelling like mad men. This reign of Bedlam lasted ten minutes. Though forty-two years have elapsed since this incident, the whole scene rises from the dead past as vividly as on the night of its occurrence. THE REGIMENT PAID FOR FIRST TWO MONTHS' SERVICE IN SPECIE. In April or May the regiment was paid for its first two months' service in gold and silver by the State of Alabama, privates receiving each $20 in gold and $2 in silver, and offi cers in proportion. That night the whole encampment looked like a gambling establishment. This writer did his first gamb- line then and there at "seven up," ten cents a game, and after playing until after midnight came off one dime winner. He is glad to add that this was his last gambling. But expert card players reaped a harvest that night from "suckers." Jack Gib son next day had about $200, I believe, and my recollection is that he carried nearly all this sum through toi the close of the war. Though fond of playing cards. Jack was a good fellow and a good soldier. This was the last and only gold and silver paid the regiment for its services during the war, and if any other Southern command was as fortunate even as we in this respect we are not aware of the fact. (70) Pensacola Campaign, 1861. 23 UNIFORMS. On reaching Barrancas no two companies were uniformed alike. As a rule each company had two suits, full dress and fatigue. The former was made of high grade material, tl ';t of the Perote Guards costing $50 a suit. It was full dress style, heavy gray cassimere, trimmed with blue, three rows of buttons in front of coat, and red plumes tipped with white. This suit the co;j:panv bought at its organization, each member paying for his own uniform. The fatigue suit of the same company pre sented by the ladies of Perote on our leaving home was of very dark cassimere, heavy weight, trimmed with light gray, single rovi' of buttons and frock skirts. About the first of July we were furnished by the ladies of Alabama with a regimental uniform. This was made of blue jeans, frock skirt reaching down to our knees, and with a single row of buttons in front. FLAGS. Each company reached Barrancas with its own company flag, and these were as unlike as the uniforms, but bearing a striking resemblance to the Stars and Stripes of the Union. They generally agreed in one point only, that of having a sin gle star. Some had been inscribed with mottoes and curious devices, such, for instance, as a rattlesnake in coil ready to strike his victim, with the motto, "Don't tread on me." This great diversity of company flags was especially conspicuous on regimental drill and dress parade. On the adoption of a sov ereign flag, during summer the ladies of Montgomery sent the regiment a Confederate fiag made of bunting, after which the company flags were seldom used. These flags v/ere captured at Island No. 10, April, 1862, and are presumably in possession of Northern States. That of the Perote Guards has been recently located at Madison, Wis., b'v' Hon. Thomas M. Owen, Director of the Department of Ar chives and History of Alabama. It will probably be restored to our State when the next legislature of Wisconsin convenes. GENERAL REVIEW OF THE ARMY AT BARRANCAS. Gen. Bragg determined to hold a general review of the army during the month of July, and for this purpose had all under- (71) 24 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. brush removed from a space of half a mile squareout in the piney woods about a mile in the rear of the new light house, and cut of sight of Fort Pickens. It was a fearfully hot day and not a leaf of the forest stirred from its place. The hot sun burned our feet through our shoes. We stoo-d in this posi tion about an hour facing the sun with our long blue jeans coats buttoned tightly up to our chins while we enjoyed the luxury (?) of being reviewed by the general and his staff. After the general had passed along our front he took a position at one corner of the square where the army by companies marched past him as he sat on his highly caparisoned war-steed, cap in hand and head bared to the burning sun. This consumed another hour, by which tim-e many of the men were prostrated with heat, and had to fall out of ranks. This was the only gen eral review we had at Barrancas, and it wias enough for us. For several weeks we had been looking forward to this event, anticipating a "big time," but as a pleasure affair the whole per formance was a stupendous failure. SICKNESS AT BARRANCAS, FLA., IN 1861. I shall speak briefly first of the Marine hospital, a distinct image of which as it was in 1861 still hangs in the picture gal lery of memory, although I was never an inmate myself. The building was a magnificent structure of brick, three stories high, painted yellow, occupying a terraced elevation half a mile from the beach, enclosed by a heavy brick wall quadrangu lar in form, with a large iron gate at the center of each side, almost obscured by that prince of all forest trees, the live oak, around whose dark massive trunks and long wandering branches ivy and other vines had woven themselves into a solid coating, until leaping up and over-spreading the tops cf trees and hospital they hung in graceful festoons along the walls of the latter. The spacious grounds were carpeted with nature's perennial green, relieved here and there by clusters of brilliant and variegated flowers. The grove was enlivened by the cease less singing of many birds, of which our own Southem mock ing-bird is king, thus removing this one spot as far away as possible from every other suggestion of war and turmoil and strife. A Confederate soldier, in full uniform and with fixed bayonet, is pacing his beat in front of each gate and also of (72) Pensacola Campaign, 1861. 25 each entrance of the main buildings, while sisters of charity, dressed in black and wearing white sun-bonnets were moving along the wide corridors and verandahs on their missions of mercy, or standing in groups of two or three in earnest consul tation with the surgeon. If we enter and go through the apart ments we shall find them large, well lighted and well ventilated ; the walls, furniture, and beddings scrupulously clean, and the patients receiving such food and attention as their respective conditions demand. During the spring, summer and fall measles, jaundice and malarial and typhoid fevers had successively invaded the camp of the 1st Alabama regiments; and, despite the rigid enforce ment of sanitary regulations, the first two became epidemic and the last nearly so. Many believed that too much drilling in the hot sun, while closely laced up from hip to chin in heavy w'oolen uniforms, was responsible for so much sickness. As many of the regiment had never been accustomed to labor or active exercise of any kind ,this opinion may have been, at least to some extent, w^ll founded. Of course no blame can attach to any officer of the regiment on this account. Raw troops have to be drilled, disciplined and hardened for service, and officers alone have to do this. Besides, the "hardening pro cess" at Barrancas doubtless saved many lives to the regiment at Island No. 10, when the exposure and duties were so much greater, and where the new recruits suffered such terrible fatal ity, while the volunteers of '61 passed through the fiery ordeal of after campaigns with comparatively slight loss. Whatever the cause, the Marine hospital was full of sick from June to October. Every day several were carried down from the hospital to the "dtead house" for interment, cr ship ment home, the latter almost invariably the rule in the South ern army during 1861. To us, not yet accustomed to the hor-. rors of war, the situation was distressing. Said a nervous com rade : "A man can die and be buried here with the least cere- rnony and concern I ever saw." Our regiment lost about forty this \-ear, mostly young men. ]VIany a youth, who only a few months previous, had left a home of tenderness and luxury, and had gone forth at his country's call to drive back the invad ers of the South, thus early and suddenly found the end of his brief career and earthly ambition. (73) 26 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. I distinctly recall to mind one, a youth of seventeen, of at tractive personality, of superior intellect, of wealthy and dis- tingusbed family, of magnanimous soul and Christian charac ter, and of high social position, all giving assurance of a most honorable and useful life — thus untimely cut down. From the first of the son's illness the anxious father (for his mother had died several years before) was at the bedside of his son who was slowly dying of typhoid fever. Though the hospital service was excellent, and the father provided for his son every comfort and delicacy that heart could wish, two com pany comrades, by permission, spent the long, lonesome, sad hours of night in affectionate ministration to their loved friend. Towards the last of his illness, the patient's mind began to wander. In dreams and during periods of aberration he was conversing with comrades in camp, or in a gay party of friends at home, or wearied of a long march, or engaged in a fierce battle with the enemy. After a protracted struggle, the end came peacefully ; the spirit of a noble youth, with all its future hopes and promises, had departed; only dust remained; but the natural color of the face returned; a gentle smile, so char acteristic in health and now so heaven-like, again lit up the wasted cheek. A fond. Christian father, overwhelmed with grief, bore him away from sorrowing comrades to still more anguished hearts of relatives and friends at home, where he v/as laid to rest, highly honoredl and sincerely lamented, by a whole community ; and where a marble monument marks the place of his earthly remains. This youth was Langdon L. Rumph of the Perote Guards; the father. Dr. James D. Rumph. These were our first experiences in the horrors of war. Our sensibilities were yet tender, and the death of a comrade, a sad bereavement then, for we had not yet become accustomed to suffering and death by long-continued conflict and carnage. You who read this, read of the death of a soldier in time of war under most favorable conditions and circumstances possible. Later, we shall attempt to portray the death of a Confederate soldier on the field of battle. Unnumbered thousands of Southem soldiers as noble and promising as comrade Rumph met death, and met it like men, far away from home and loved ones; sometimes from sickness or wounds in over-crowded hospitals, where there were neither (74) Pensacola Campaign, 1861. 27 nurses, food, comfort nor medical attention ; sometimes in an instant on the field of battle; sometimes in prison hospitals among our enemies, where it was a matter of total indifference whether they lived or died, though with some preference for the latter; and, after death, were dumped into a hole in the ground with as little concern as a dead horse. But on this score we must not judge our enemy harshly. W'e Confederates shed no tears around the graves of dead Yankees. This is war. Confederate troops had been constantly arriving at Barran cas until by the 1st of June we had eight or ten thousand. Fed erals had also been busy recruiting. Col. Brown with re- enforcements had superseded Lieut. Slemmer in command of Fort Pickens ; Billy Wilson's regiment of New York Zouaves had gone into tents half a mile above Fort Pickens on the island ; batteries in front of us were being constructed . Still, a fellow feeling apparently prevailed between friend and foe as each, under the guns of the other, were allowed to bask in the morning and evening breeze without molestation. Even as late as April the Federal gunboat, Wyandotte, was permitted to land at the navy yard and take aboard supplies. The Yankees first broke the peace. Selecting a dark night, they captured and burned our little patrol boat, the Judith, lying out in the harbor. Not content, they shortly afterwards surprised the guard at the navy yard, burned the dry dock, spiked the guns of our battery manned by old ex-Federal regulars, and made good their escape. There was suspicion of treason. This ugly behavior called for correction. Accordingly, Gen. Bragg fitted out a detachment of about fifteen hundred men made up by details from the various regiments, put Gen. Anderson and Col. Chalmers in command, and left the rest to them. The Talladega Rifles and Wilcox True Blues represented the First Alabama. Marching to Pensacola, the expedition embarked on the steamer Times and on barges about dark on the evening of October 7, 1861, steamed west near the coast of Santa Rosa island and landed the troops on the north side of the island about 2 a. m. on the morning of the 8th. The objective point was Billy Wilson's Zouaves camp, about five miles above which the troops were landed. The plan was to advance stealthily down the island, capture the pickets and surprise the camp. This was successfully done, and the Confederates were open ing by platoons upon the camp before the Zouaves ^\ere aware (75) 28 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. of their presence. This was about 4 a. m. The rebel yell was raised which was instantly responded to by the Confederates from the navy yard to Fort McRee, who, with eager expect ancy, had remained awake all night to witness the battle. There was the wildest consternation among the Yankees. Many of the enemy were killed and wounded, a few were captured, more escaped through the darkness of the night. The sound of a horse's hoofs running at full speed down the plank road to Fort Pickens was distinctly heard at our battery. Torches were applied to the tents and arbors of seaweed, to the com missary and other buildings near the camp. This so lighted up the island that we could plainly see the movements of our troops from the mainland. The Yankees were gone. Daylight soon came and at the same time there advanced from the rear portals of Fort Pickens a long column of Federals. Our men, exhausted by the laborious march down the island through deep sand and dense thickets, and over rugged surface, slowly be gan to retreat to the steamer Times and barges. The enemy followed, and our men were several times compelled to halt, form line and push back their assailants. At this juncture Gen. Bragg sent over the steamer Ewing with reinforcements, who took the place of our tired soldiers and drove the enemy down the island in confusion. The troops then re-embarked and landed at Pensacola. In the afternoon Gen. Bragg, under flag of truce, brought away his killed and wounded from the island, the total loss being about thirty. Among the former were Capt. Bradford of a Florida regiment, and Lieut. Nelms of a Georgia regiment. Out of honor to these officers, by order of Gen. Bragg, the steamer Times was thenceforth called the Bradford, and the Ewing, the Nelms. Owing to this unpleasantness the regiment had to move its camp about half a mile in rear and out of sight of the enemy. We then began the erection of wooden barracks for winter quarters along the depression in the immediate rear of the Pe rote battery. BOMBARDMENT OF FORT PICKENS. On the morning of November 22, 1861, as the Bradford was steaming down to the navy yard from Pensacola, Fort Pickens opened fire upon it. This was the signal for a general attack (76) Pensacola Campaign, 1861. 29 on our lines, and in a few minutes cannon were darting flame and iron from every porthole of Fort Pickens and from every battery along the island. The former had more guns than all the Confederate forts and batteries combined, but it had to di vide its attack along a range of four miles, while it received the concentrated fire of all the Confederates. Fort McRee was the weakest of all our defenses, and yet the most exposed both to the fleet and Fort Pickens. Its gallant commander, Villipi- gue, with his Georgia battalion had strengthened it somewhat with sand bags. For this reason Fort McRee had, from the outset, been the object of deepest concern and anxiety; but our apprehensions v/ere greatly intensified when two of the enemy's largest men-of-war were moved up a channel even the existence of which had hitherto been unknown to us, cast anchor in the rear of the right wing of the fort on which side the garrison had neither strengthened the walls against attack, nor mounted guns for defense ; and from this new position about a mile nearer Fort McRee then the other Federal vessels, opened a terrific fire upon this helpless part of the fort. At the same time the rest of the squadron, now about two miles off, made a vigorous attack on the right front of McRee. The situation was alarm ing. Fleet and fort were soon enveloped with tbe smoke of their own guns and that of exploding shells, except as an oc casional breeze afforded a temporary glimpse. On one occas ion simultaneous volleys raked the outer walls and parapets of the fort, wrapped it with flames of bursting shells, sent huge timbers and massive pieces of concrete flying through the air, swept av/ay the flagstaff and demolished a section of wall on the right. As dimly seen from our position the whole structure .seemed to bulge and sink to the earth in one general conflagra tion and gigantic heap of ruins. There was a momentary sus pense of firing along the Confederate lines, as men stood in breathless excitement and gazed with the eagerness of despair at what appeared the final doom of the fort. "McRee is gone up," murmured some. Nobody denied or doubted it. A mo ment later a friendly breeze partially lifting the smoke,, re vealed only a part demolished, the rest standing firm. This gave some relief, but a moment later it was noticed that the flag had disappeared. "The fort has surrendered," they now said. But these words were hardly spoken when the large gar rison banner with broken staff and torn with shot was seen (77) 30 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. slowly ascending the wall. Then a mighty shout of Confeder ates, heard above the din of artillery and sounding like the distant murmur of many waters, rang along the bending shore from Fort McRee to the navy yard. V/hile such was the struggle between the fleet and Fort Mc Ree, a conflict of far greater proportion was on between Fort Pickens and Barrancas with its chain of batteries, all manned by the First Alabama regiment. Ten times more lead and iron were hurled against our positions than against Fort McRee, but shot and shell made little impression on our batteries of sand bags; and Fort Barrancas, sunk in a great sand hill with very little brick wall above the surface, was almost as invul nerable. The artillery on both sides aggregated about 300 pieces, varying in calibre from 32 to 128 pounders; and as each was fired every few minutes, the deafening roar was beyond de scription — beyond even conception save to those engaged. Every window light in Warrenton was shivered to atoms by the first few volleys, while those in Pensacola, eight miles dis tant, were badly shaken up and many broken. In some in stances blood poured from the noses of men working the guns, while the thunder of the conflict was afterwards declared to have been heard at Greenville, Camden, Montgomery, Hayne- ville. Union Springs, and Troy, distances ranging from one hundred to one hundred and twenty-five miles from the scene of action. No damage was done Barrancas or any of its batteries, but we inflicted material damage to Fort Pickens. The battle continued all dfeiy with unabated energy. About dark the firing ceased, except Capt. Posey's mortar battery that kept up a duel all night with a Yankee mortar battery, furnish ing quite a spectacular entertainment to the two armies. Fort McRee had learned some things by the day's experience ; and under cover of darkness, and, assisted by heavy details, her men built a battery of three guns half a mile down the shore, between the fort and the two men-of-war. Wom out by the day's hard work, we ate a cold lunch and retired to the rough planks of our "old cabin home" for need ed rest. But a seaward breeze setting up, whistled about the roofs and around the corners of our cottages in such exact imi tation of a coming hostile shell, to which our ears had all day been accustomed that we were frequently startled from our (78) Pensacola Campaign, 1861. 31 dreams, and sprang from our bunks. Many a hearty laugh was indulged in during the night on this score. Rather an "airy" sort of battle was this, but later in the night we got up another sort , almost as airy but on a much grander scale. About 11 p. m. our pickets began discharging their guns along the beach. At first the shots were scattering, but rapidly increased until it seemed like the whole picket force v/as hotly engaged', while in camp the "long roll" was beating to arms, and officers shout ing to their men to "fall in,'' as if the whole Yankee army was landing about two hundred yards in our front. Men ran hither- thither in hurly-burley style, sometimes knocking each other down in their blind and mad rush for clothing, guns and equip ment. As soon as formicd, the companies were "double-quick ed" to their respective batteries. On reaching his battery, a certain captain of the regiment made a speech that night to his company that was repeated many a time afterward around the camp-fires of the regiment. As he drew up his company in line, he thus harangued the men at the top of his voice, and in a high key: "Stand firm, men! Stand firm! Think of your homes and firesides ! You have done well today, and we expect you to do well tonight." It was, of course, a false alarm, a very common occurrence in any army in time of war, and after an hour's detention, we were dismissed to our quarters. I will state, however, for the benefit of the uninitiated, that these night alarms, far in the dead hour of night, are more trying to the nerves than a real battle in daytime. At dawn next morning, November 23, Fort McRee's men early began the day's battle by a vigorous attack on the two warships. After a hot contest for an hour, the latter retired out of range, taking their position along with the rest of the fleet, where they could do the fort less damage. By 8 o'clock the bombardment was again in full blast, every gun on both sides being brought into action. The Yankees, however, had a better range of our positions, and landed their shot and shell with greater precision. Frequently several shells would explode almost simultaneously in or above a single bat tery, and the men would take refuge in their "rat-holes" for protection. But these "rat holes," covered with coarse, loose sand to a depth of about four feet, were places of fanciedi, rather than real security. They offered good protection against small fragments of shells, but we are confident that a shell from a mortar would have penetrated without any difficulty. (79) 32 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. The second day's battle was essentially a repetition of the first, with no abatement of spirit on either side. The firing ceased at dark, excetpt that Capt. Posey again kept up his mo-rtar battery duel all night. The enemy did not resume the attack next morning, and thus ended the great bombardment — the greatest, perhaps, during the Civil War, when both num ber and calibre of guns are taken into account. By order of Gen. Bragg, the words "November 22 and 23, 1861," were inscribed on the banner of the ist Alabama regiment. On January i, 1862, Gen. Bragg had occasion to be absent, leaving Gen. Anderson in command. The latter opened up a fight which lasted all day. Rumor had it that Gen. Bragg was much -displeased at this attack. All the Confederate forts and batteries were manned by the First Alabama, except Fort Mc Ree and a battery at the navy yard. REGIMENT REORGANIZED. The period of our enlistment (twelve months) was now drawing- to a close, and the question of reorganization was a lively theme with the regiment. When we volunteered, we thought we could whip the Yankees in three months. It was now evident that we were entering upon a long and bloody conflict. Accordingly, the Confederacy was enlisting soldiers only for three years, or the war. But as the First had already served one year. Gen. Bragg thought it just that we be received for two years, and we were mustered in for that period — ^the only regiment perhaps in the Confederate service so enlisted. Three companies — the Eufaula Pioneers, Eufaula Rifles, and Red Eagles — declined to reorganize, and their places were taken by Capt. Pruitt's company from Barbour county; Capt. Knowles's company from Macon county; and Capt. John F. Whitfield's company from Autauga and Montgomery counties. Of the seven companies reorganized, about hialf of the men and officers re-enlisted, the rest being discharged and enlisting in other commands. Upon reorganization, I. G. W. Steedman was unanimously elected Colonel; S. L. Knox, Major; S. D. Steedman was ap pointed Adjutant; Dr. J. C. Hamilton, Surgeon; Dr. Madding, Assistant Surgeon; D. Carmichael, Quartermaster; Capt. B. Sullens, Commissary. The companies were commanded respect- (80) Pensacola Campaign, 1861. 33 ively by J. D. Meadows, Capt. Co. A (Tallapoosa Rifles) ; D. W. Ramsey, Capt. Co. B (Wilcox True Blues) ; J. T. Stubbs, Capt. Co. C (Guards of the Sunny South) ; R. H. Isbell, Capt. Co. D (Talladega Rifles) ; John H. Wood, Capt. Co. E (Rough and Ready Pioneers) ; Richard Williams, Capt. Co. F (Clay ton Guards); M. B. Locke, Capt. Co. G (Perote Guards; Knowles, Capt. Co. H ; W. H. Pruitt, Capt. Co. I ; John F. Whitfield, Capt. Co. K (John Gill Shorter, Artillery). No election was held for lieutenant-colonel, because, as yet, regi mental sentiment had not united on any single individual for the position ; and, besides, as the regiment was soon to be largely recruited, it seemed just that the recruits should have a voice in the selection of at least one field officer. At Island No. 10, owing to so much sickness and other causes the elec tion was not considered, and accordingly an election for lieutenant-colonel was not held until we reached Port Hudson in October, 1862. We received our furloughs for thirty days, January 17, 1862, and left on the first train for our respective homes, where we were welcomed, banqueted and lionized by all, but especially by sweethearts, as conquering heroes. Social entertainments were given almost every night at which "soft eyes looked love to eyes that spake again." Very few then could lay claim to having seen twelve months' service, and to having participated in three battles. Besides, the hot sun at Barrancas had so tanned our skins that we in no wise resembled the tender-faced boys of twelve months before, but had become veterans in ap pearance. The war spirit was at red heat, and the military was everywhere conspicuous throughout the State. At the expira tion of our furloughs we left our respective communities amid impassioned speeches and pathetic scenes of separation from loved ones. When the companies reached Barrancas late in February the regiment had over one thousand men on its rolls, nearly two- thirds of whom knew nothing of arms or service. Many of the bovs, who were in school or college when they enlisted a year previous, had carried back with them school books in Latin, Greek, mathematics, and other branches, under the delusion that we would be at Barrancas to the end of the war ; and, as we had several scholarly teachers in the regiment, we expected to fight Yankees and pursue our studies at the same time. 3 (81) CHAPTER II. ISLAND NUMBER TEN CAMPAIGN, AND PRISON LIFE, 1862. ISLAND NO. 10 CAMPAIGN. Within a few days we were put to dismounting the big guns in our batteries. We knew this portended early evacuation of Barrancas. The work was carried on at night through blind ing clouds of dust that filled our eyes and throats, and which caused an epidemic of bad colds. Doubtless, this condition- of our men was, in a large degree, responsible for so much fatal sickness in our regiment a week or two later at Island No. 10. On the morning of March 5, 1862, our regiment, having more the appearance of a brigade than regiment, led by our own Steedman, and headed by a brass band, marched from Barrancas to Pensacola. It was an ideal spring morning, and the live oak groves and wild flowers along the way were in full bloom and resonant with the melodies of singing birds. All trunks, books, and heavy clothing had been shipped home. We were under marching orders for Island No. 10, a military post in the Mississippi river commanded by Brigadier-General J. P. Mc- Cown. The next morning we boarded flat cars at Pensacola- depot. A cold raiin was falling that beat upon us until we reached Tensas landing. From Tensas we went by steamer to Mobile; thence in two sections and in passenger coaches by the Mobile and Ohio Railroad to Corinth, Miss. ; thence by the Memphis and Charleston Railroad to Memphis, Tenn., which we reached early on March 12, 1862. We were at once transferred to a steamer and started to Island No. 10. The boat was a leaky old transport, unfit for service, and of insufficient capacity to carry our regiment comfortably, compelling us to leave tents and heavy baggage behind. We were packed almost to suffo cation on both decks. The river was at its highest flood, and (82) Island No. Ten Campaign, and Prison Life, 1862. 36 down its maddened and foaming billows uprooted trees and debris were being driven with resistless fury. We faced all day a cold north wind, and when night came the men spread down their blankets, covering every inch of available space, each trying to get as near the smokestack as possible. Leaming during the day that the Federals had captured New Madrid, Mo., about twelve miles below Island No. 10, we landed about dark at Tiptonville, and at once marched to the former point, about six miles distant. We were halted for the night in an old comfield, where, wrapped in blankets and stretched on the ground, we were soon asleep. An hour later we were aroused from this blissful state by a downpour of rain that lasted until daylight. Our tents did not reach us until a w^ek later, during which time we suffered much from cold and rain. Island No. 10 contained at this time about forty acres, was situated in the Mississippi river near the corner of Tennessee, Missouri and Kentucky. Its surface was about ten feet above the river at this stage. The eastern bank of the river for a mile or more was about twenty feet above the river level. Half a mile above the island the river, flowing south, abruptly turns northward to New Madrid, thence south-east to Tiptonville, a distance of 35 miles, thus forming a great peninsula, across whose neck from Tiptonville to Island No. 10 is only six miles. Nearly a mile above the island, where the river turns northwest, the east bank sinks to the general level of the valley ; and there the river, overleaping its banks in a sheet of water half a mile wide and from two to five feet deep, flows southeast to Reel Foot lake, eight miles distant, encircling at this time Tiptonville, our fortifications and army in a great island. On the river's bank in the upper edge of this sheet of water, and facing directly up the river, was Pucker's battery of six guns forming our outpost defence. It was a miserable affair, knee deep in water, and its weak parapets affording little protection to men, guns, or ammunition. The ordnance and details could reach it only at night and in small boats ; sometimes up the channel of the river, sometimes across the sheet of water through the swamp. Naturally, it was the main point of attack. Besides Pucker's, there were six batteries on the east bank of the river, each mounting from two to four guns varying in cal ibre from 32 to 64-pounders; and on the island proper there were two batteries of four guns each, and an old barge anchored (83) 36 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. in front of the island and having a battery of four guns. There were also quite a number of unmounted cannon. Our regi ment, without sleep the previous night, mounted two guns on the 14th of March. The next day the enemy's fleet of mortar boats and iron-clad gunboats arrived and at once attacked us, concentrating their fire on Rucker. All the batteries replied with vigor, and occa sionally with effect. The cannonading was heavy and lasted until night with only slight damage to Pucker's battery. Early on the morning of March 16, three of the enemy's strongest gunboats lashed together, advanced within close range and opened a vigorous fire upon Pucker's battery, and also upon our position below. They were now within fair range of all our batteries and every gun was brought into action. All day cannon thundered from the gunboats, the east bank, and the island. At Pucker's, one man was killed and several wounded by a sheu. Beyond this there was no material damage to either side. This closed the biggest fight at Island No. 10, the fleet after this keeping well out of our reach. Major H. S. Foote, son of Mississippi's distinguished congressman, aid-de-^amp to General McCown at Island No. 10, relates the following inci dent of Co). Steedman at this battle: "The ammunition was exhausted by 3 p. m. The Colonel of the First Alabama, who was at Pucker's with some of his men, came down to headquar ters through water, waist deep in places, to get cannon car tridges. The cartridges were carried by negroes who had vol unteered for the work, the Colonel of the First leading the way, I bringing up the rear. The sight inside that place (Pucker's battery) was enough to dishearten and terrify the bravest. There were our men, fighting with the desperation of despair; some of the guns were dismounted, the platforms sunk in mud and water, and dead and wounded lying around, the bursting shells ; Rucker, like the hero he was, encouraging his men ; and the men, stripped to the waist, at their guns, and all other sad sights of a fort almost battered to pieces by cannon shot. Nev ertheless, that colonel of the First Alabama coolly walked into this chamber of death and there remained until the last car tridge was disposed of." This fort was not captured until after its evacuation, and the retreat of the army. (84) Island No. Ten Campaign, and Prison Life, 1862. 37 Shortly after this the Federals fitted out at night a detach ment of about fifty men and sent it down the river during a terrific storm to spike the guns in Pucker's battery. With muffled oars and under cover of darkness they reached the bat tery undiscovered, surprised the sentinels, and before the guard that was bivouacking fifty yards away could be aroused from sleep and reach the battery, spiked the guns and escaped. In the meanwhile the enemy had successfully passed trans ports across the point of land opposite our batteries, and reached the river below, us. The water at this point was several feet deep from the overflow of the river, and the enemy, by cutting down trees a few feet below the surface of the water and re moving logs and other obstructions from a small bayou effected a practicable canal through the swamps for transports. The water was not deep enough for gunboats. The enemy now attempted to run a gunboat past our batteries. Accordingly, on the night of April 4, 1862, which was stormy and dark, the pickets observed by the occasional flashes of light ning, unusual activity amonig the gunboats. A few minutes later, the Carondelet, sunk nearly to the water's edge, and pro^- tected by bales of hay, dashed out from the fleet on its perilous voyage. Smoke of stygian blackness rolled in immense volume from its smokestack as revealed here and there along its way by occasional lightning. It steamed directly in the face of Puck er's battery, approaching within two hundred yards of it; and then turning at right angles west pursued its course under a heavy fire from our lines without returning a shot. The guns of Rucker were out of order and could make no attack. The other batteries hurled tons of shot and shell at the bold craft. Reaching a point of safety below, the Carondelet fired a gun as a signal to the fleet that it had passed in safety. On the moming of April 6, heavy firing in the direction of Point Pleasant, opposite New Madrid, indicated that the enemy was landing troops there under cover of the guns of the Caron delet. About 6 p. m., before we had eaten supper, the regiment was ordered to report at headquarters. There were hardly three hundred men in ranks. An hour later all the available troops of the command had assembled, leaving a few in charge of our fortifications, and we started in the direction of Point Pleasant, presumably to recapture our battery. About 2 a. m. we were drawn up in line half a mile from Point Pleasant, ex- (85) 38 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. pecting to advance. But we were soon ordered to rest, and in a few minutes were asleep. When we awoke a heavy, rain was falling. We were hungry and had no rations. About 9 a. m. our commissary wagons arrived. We commenced to cook ra tions, but were ordered, raither excitedly, to "fall in." We were soon in full retreat toward Tiptonville. The morning was warm, the road wet and muddy, we were tired and hungry, and all blankets and other surplus articles were promiscuously scat tered along the way. The enemy's cavalry from Point Pleas ant hung upon our rear, but kept at a safe distance. It was nearly sundown when we entered a large plantation in rear and in full view of Tiptonville, the smokestack of a gunboat being seen at the landing. We crossed the plantation about a mile east, and entered the swamp now dense with the foliage of spring. It was getting dark. The command was led by fresh troops who, becoming excited at some of our cavalry returning from a reconnoisance in front, produced some confu sion in that quarter for a few seconds. Our gallant Major, S. L. Knox, commanding the regiment at that time, commanded the First Alabama "front face, right dress," and in a moment our regiment presented as straight a line as was ever seen on dress parade, standing alone and facing the supposed direction of the enemy. The whole thing was so sudden it was a severe test of the courage of the First Alabama, the presumption being that we had fallen into an ambuscade, as the enemy was known to be in force in that vicinity. The fresh troops were formed about half a mile from this point ; and our regiment after stand ing half an hour in this position, aligned with them. Here we stacked our arms, as we then thought only for the night, but in fact for surrender. During the night Gen. W. W. Mackall, who a week before had superseded General McCown, capitulated April 8, and the next morning we were formed and marched without guns to the river bank in an open field, and were formally sur rendered to General Payne. General Mackall was much criti cised for this surrender. Incompetency, and even treason, were charged, but there was no ground for either. Generals Mc Cown and Mackall did the best that could have been done by any officers under all the circumstances. It was expected that our command would be sacrificed when sent to Island No. 10. General Braixton Bragg so informed Colonel Steedman several times since the war. It was done to hold Pope in check with (86) Island No. Ten Campaign, and Prison Life, 1862. 39 an army of forty thousand men until Albert Sidney Johnston could attack Grant at Shiloh. The idea that Mackall could have hastily constructed barges and escaped with his command across the Reel Foot lake, which at this point was ten miles wide, is absurd. True, a few fugitives, even some too sick to fall in line when we left camp, did this. But though this was possible to a few scattered men, while the army engaged the attention of the enemy, it would have been altogether impossi ble for the army itself. All honor to Generals McCown and Mackall and brave officers, who, with only five thousand men, hardly half of them fit for duty, kept back Pope for nearly a month. The sacrifice of our command alone gave Albert Sid ney Johnston hope of victory at Shiloh ; and our sufferings and fate, terrible as they were, were not in vain. OFFICERS AND PRIVATES GO TO PRISON. It has been noted that only three hundred men of the First Alabama reported for duty at the camps when we set out on our march from Island No. 10, and that Itlajor Knox, instead of Colonel Steedman, commanded the regiment at its surrender. This ratio of men on the rolls to number able for duty pre vailed in all other commands, so out of five thousand Confeder ates on the island, about fifteen hundred surrendered in line. The First had about one-third of its men in line. The terrible epidemics of measles, mumps and pneumonia had depleted our ranks, being especially severe on recruits. The First must have lost four hundred men in the twenty-seven days of service here, and from the effects of that service afterwards in prison. Many died and were buried at Island No. 10 before the surrender. After the surrender, the officers were transferred to Johnson's Island, the non-commissioned officers and privates to Camp But ler, Springfield, 111. ; to Camp Douglas, (Chicago, 111. ; to Mad ison, Wis., and to other points of the north. For a month after reaching these prisons the mortality was fearful. One hundred and five of our regiment died at Madison, Wis. Here the graves of our First Alabama dead, along with other Confederate graves there, were marked, and the cemetery cared for during many years by a noble Southem woman, Mrs. Alice Waterman, now (1904) dead. She deserves the lasting gratitude of every Alabamian. A monument should be erected in this "Confed- (87) 40 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. erate Rest," containing the names of each dead soldier ; also the name of Alice Waterman in bold relief. We have before us a list of the names, so there can be no doubt about this."' The Federal authorities, at least at Camp Butler, where the writer was in prison, did all that medical skill, hospital stores and comfortable quarters could do to arrest the appalling death rate of the Confederate prisoners, but in vain. While at Island No. lo this writer visited sick friends in two of our hospitals ; one on a steamer anchored opposite the island in the river ; the other in a church, one or two miles in rear of our line. In the former the men were lying on the floor across the cabin, head to wall and feet to feet, with a space of twelve or eighteen inches between each. They all had pneumonia, and the space be tween each wais literally covered with phlegm expectorated by the patients. The same was the case in the aisle, which was about three feet wide. The coughing, wheezing and groans were distressing. The situationi at the church was the same, except that the patients had bunks. Our entire stock of medical stores seems to have consisted of one single item — blue mass. We have seen our surgeon standing in the door of the hospital tent with a wad of the delicious delicacy in his hand, and issuing it out to the sick apparently without regard to the nature of the disease. The sickness and mortality at Island No. lo are not to be wondered at, when all the circumstances are considered. Our men were mostly from extreme South Alabama, two-thirds of whom, fresh from home and wholly unused to hardships, had been suddenly thrown into a cold and rigorous climate at a season of the year most inviting to pneumonia, had been terri bly and continuotisly exposed day and night, were withotit suit able food, and practically without medicine with which tO' comr bat the epidemic. The old soldiers of the regiment of 1861 lost very few of their number. Colonel Steedman, one of the ablest officers of the garrison, was stricken with pneumonia in both lungs a week before the surrender, and was in the hospital at the time of that event. When the surrender was known he was placed upon a litter by four of bis regiment, who intended *For Hst of dead buried at Madison, and the report of Col. Steed man on treatment of Confederate prisoners at Johnston's Island, see Chapter VIII, infra. (88) Island No. Ten Campaign, and Prison Life, 1862. 41 to carry him beyond the enemy's line, sometimes wading water knee-deep. He begged them to leave him and make their own escape which they emphatically refused to do, and all were cap tured together. Colonel Steedman was sent first to Gratiot Street prison in St. Louis, Mo., in which city were many Southern sympathizers ; and among these was James Harrison, whose daughters were also in sympathy with the South, one of whom (Dora) be came the wife of the colonel in the fall of 1865. From St. Louis as soon as he was convalescent. Colonel Steedman was trans ferred to Columbus, Ohio, paroled for two weeks during further convalescence, thence to Johnson's Island, Lake Erie. After the surrender to General Payne at Tiptonville on the moming of April 8, 1862, w-e spent the day in conversation with the Federals. Men and officers repelled as an insult the least insinuation that the war, professedly for the Union, in volved the emancipation of slaves, declaring they would lay down their arms at once if they had the remotest apprehension that such was the case. Though doubtless sincere at the time, they did not make good this declaration upon the issuance of Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation nine months later. That night, as usual at Island No. 10, the rain fell in torrents. The next day we went by steamer to New Madrid, built fires of logs on the river bank, while the Federals gave us full rations and planks to sleep on. The next moming our officers left on steamer for Johnson's Island, and late in the evening the men boarded a large transport (used for carrying horses, cattle and supplies) for Cairo, which place we reached at daylight next morning. About 10 a. m. we were marched to the railroad depot, and late that evening left for Camp Butler. We reached Decatur early next morning, where a curious crowd had assem bled to see "the rebels." As the train was detained here half an hour some of our men offered at auction Confederate money ; or as the Yankees called it, "Jeff Davis script," and were sur prised that it found ready buyers from 10 to 20 cents on the dollar. That evening we reached Camp Butler, were formed in line, searched for weapons, and assigned to tents situated between two rows of barracks. Camp Butler, an old camp of instruction, was about five miles east of Springfield, 111., on the Sangamon river; and, at (89) 42 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. the time of our arrival, had no walls. The soil was black and waxy, and during wet weather was very disagreeable. A line of soldiers called the "dead line" surrounded it. Colonel Mor rison was in command — a big, rotund, rubicund, mellow-nosed Yankee, but withal a kind-hearted old gentleman. A regiment of Black Dutch constituted the guard. They were a set of sneaks and scoundrels, several times firing into our quarters without provocation, and on one occasion killing, on another wounding a prisoner. There was such a determined protest by the prisoners against such barbarism, that it was not repeated. About a mo-nth later these Dutch were sent to Virginia, where the regiment was annihilated (much to our delight) by Jack son ; and a regiment of citizens (the 69th Illinois) guarded us from then on. These men treated us with every kindness con sistent with military usage. Colonel Fonda, their commander, succeeded Colonel Morri son as commander of the post, and he also was a good man. But, as previously stated, the fearful effects of exposure at Island No. 10 followed us to Camp Butler, and every day the prison hospital was receiving large accessions from our num bers, most of whom went thence to the cemetery. This fact, vnth our separation from loved ones, especially during the ex citing times of war, required all our courage to withstand. Many died solely of melancholy, and it is doubtful if a single prisoner who could not keep up his spirit -ever survived prison life. Hence we sought all kinds of diversions, of which making finger rings from bones, gutta-percha buttons and setting them with silver or gold, or with the bright inner shells of mussels, obtained abundantly from' Sangamon river, was the chief. It was astonishing what skill some acquired in this art, and what beautiful rings they turned out with rudest tools. The winter broke suddenly into spring a little after May i. This was the third time that we had seen the trees bud for spring this year; at Pensacola in Mardh', at Island No. 10 in April, and at Camp Butler in May. The prisoners now becamt healthy and everything more cheerful. We eagerly sought the morning papers for news from the front, but as nearly all the papers were in sympathy with the Union cause we had little faith in their statements, except the St. Louis Republican, which was thought to be in sympathiy with the South. Whenever the news of victory reached us, the prisoners made the welkin ring with cheers and rebel yells. (90) Island No. Ten Campaign, and Prison Life, 1862. 43 In the meanwhile prisoners had been escaping in considerable numbers by running the "dead line" at night, generally in squads of six or seven at a time. Though between four and five hun dred thus escaped, it was remarkable that not one was ever killed or wounded. A few, after weeks of hunger, toil and per petual fear, made good their way to Dixie, but most were recap tured and brought back to prison, where they were put in close confinement for a few days. At this time there were many Southern sympathizers in this part of Illinois, and if the pris oners had known who they were and where they lived, the trip would have been easy. Colonel Morrison, while commander, was much chagrined by the escape of so many prisoners, and believed that his sentinels were bribed. On one occasion, about half drunk, he addressed a body of prisoners thus : "I want you rebels to explain to me how so many of you have escaped from this prison without a rascal of you ever getting hit by a bullet. You can't fool me; there is trading going on here. You can buy any man I have for 25 cents — any officer here for 50 cents — and me for a dollar," emphasizing the last assertion by a heavy stroke of his hand upon his breast. The prison was soon enclosed by a plank wall twelve feet high. After this two efforts to escape were made by tunneling and bribery, but with out success. A few, however, made their escape by a bold dash at night to the wall, and by jerking off the planks. The pris oners at Camp Butler were given the full ration of a United States soldier, which was more than they could eat. The sur plus was traded at the commissar)' for stationery, gutta-percha buttons, or for any other article we wished E. J. M. Padgett was the regimental commissary, and he looked closely after our interests. When the hot days of June came Colonel Fonda every mom ing formed in line as many prisoners as wished to spend an hour or two bathing, and marched them down to the beautiful San gamon rivier. Though there were sometimes more than a thousand prisoners, there were never more than fifteen guards. Colonel Fonda having previously told us that he was doing this for our pleasure, and that he depended upon our honor not to escape, which confidence no prisoner ever attempted to vio late. (91) 44 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. OUR GOOD TREATMENT IN PRISON EXPLAINED. Owing to our kind treatment while in prison at Camp Butler, Springfield, 111., in the summer of 1862, it was believed at the time by the Confederate prisoners that the head of the Federal Commissary was a Southern sympathizer, but of course we kept very quiet on that subject wihile there. After the publi cation of my sketch in The Advertiser, October 26 and Novem ber 30, 1902, I received the following letter, which explains itself : "313 Catoma Street, "Montgomery, Ala., March 13, 1902. Mr. M. Y. McMorries, Plantersville, Ala.: "Dear Sir — I have been very much interested in your sketch of the 1st Alabama Regiment in The Advertiser, especiaUy in that part relating to the prisoners at Camp Butler, 111. I was only a child at the time, but have a distinct recollection of many events of the period. My father, John S. Bradford, although a Southem sympathizer, was head of the Commissary Department for a period at Camp Butler, at what time and for how long I do not know. My mother was born in Kentucky, and was even much more of a I 'rebel,' as she was at that time called, than my father. She was very active in helping the prisoners, especially those in hospitals. I remember her saying that what the sick seemed to crave more than anything else was milk. This she always tried to supply. We kept several cows on our place, then just outside of Springfield, and she had a large can made to order, and went almost daily to the hospital with milk, fruits, delicacies, etc. She is still living on the old place, which is now inside the city limits, having been a resident of Springfleld over sixty-five years. She is now 87, and in good health, and has never been 'reconstructed.' "The cemetery at Camp Butler is kept by the government. It is enclosed by a brick wall. The graves of the Federals are marked by marble headstones, and while the Confederate graves are not so marked, the section containing them is well kept. "Yours truly, "John Bradford." (92) Island No. Ten Campaign, and Prison Life, 1862. 45 There can be no doubt of the tmth of even,- statement in the foregoing letter, and we owe a debt of gratitude to these noble people far beyond our abilit}' to pay. They were friends in need. It must be remembered that it has cost her much greater sacrifice, and has demanded much higher courage to maintain her Southern sentiments than any native Southern woman re siding in the South. While this fair treatment was accorded the prisoners at Camp Butler, especially as to rations, the following from Colonel Steedman (1902) shows the treatment of our officers in prison at the same time on Johnson's Island. The reader must not for get that this was in 1862, and must not confound this with the cruel treatment in 1863-5, ^^ shown later by the official report of Colonel Steedman. As a rule, we think Southern prisoners were treated reasonably well until after the Federal authorities adopted so-called "Retaliatory Measures." OFFICERS IMPRISONED AT JOHNSON's ISLAND. "All the officers of the First Alabama regiment, except the few who escaped or w^ere absent on furlough, were imprisoned cm Johnson's Island for about six months. This island is situ ated in vSandusky Bay, Lake Erie, three miles from Sandusky city. It was a beautiful and healthy location- for a prison. No one but officers were confined there. The buildings were new, wooden shells, but clean and comfortable, except in the extreme cold of the rigorous winter in that northern climate. The prisoners were well fed on good army rations, and there was little sickness among them. They were guarded' by Home Guard militia, who treated them fairly well. To this generally good treatment there was a single excep tion lamentable to the Confederates and disgraceful to the per petrator. A guard, without provocation or notice, viciously shot Capt. J. D. Meadows through the thigh, which came near resulting in his death. A brave soldier, or more perfect gen tleman than the victim of this barbarity never breathed. Early in September, 1862, our officers were sent by rail to Cairo, and thence by steamboat to Vicksburg for exchange. These officers were crowded on the steamboat like so many cat tle, just as our men were. Colonel Steedman informs me that he'was glad to get a place on the Texas deck by the side of the (93) 46 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. pilot house, large enough to spread his blanket. The pilots spit their tobacco juice across him, and some times by acci dent on him. Their rations were raw pork and "hard tack," which they broiled on long splinters bfefore tbe boiler furnaces, each man taking his turn. The crew treated them kindly. It was a joyful day when officers and privates met at Vicksburg and in camp at Jackson." It was difficult to get letters to or from the South beyond the Federal lines. Few ever reached us or our Southern homes. Governor Andrew Johnson of Tennessee, afterwards presi dent of the United States, visited the prison during the sum mer, and induced many Tennesseeans to take the oath of allegi ance. As these were marched out of prison they were jeered by the prisoners. No one of the First Alabama took the oath. Exchange of prisoners. On the morning of September 7, 1862, the First Alabama, forming a part of the second detachment of prisoners for ex change, and guarded by -a company of the 69th Illinois, left on flat cars for Vicksburg by way of Alton, 111. Tbe fertile lands along the route covered with luxuriant crops of waving corn and large orchards of apple trees bending with heavy clusters of luscious fruit delighted us, the happiest of the happy. At every station were la,rge crowds of every age, sex and condition to see the ''rebels." The girls chunked the boys with red -apples, and on several occasions slyly exhibited a miniature Confederate flag. At Alton the citizens gave us a lunch at the landing just before we embarked on the steamer. There was a large con course of citizens and all treated us courteously, especially the ladies. An aged gentleman, with long flowing locks as white as snow, and whose di^ess and mien pointed him out as evi dently being a leading citizen of that community, in particular attracted our attention as be walked back and forth along in front of us where w-e were standing and eating from the tables. He was not making a so-called speech, but he was talking. Pa thetically he pleaded the cause of the Union while tears flowed freely down his wrinkled cheek. We were deeply touched by the tenderness of his appeal, by his venerable appearance and evident sincerity, but against all we were as obdurate as flint. About dark we proceeded down the river, now at its lowest water-mark. At Cairo we were met by several boat-loads of (94) Island No. Ten Campaign, and Prison Life, 1862. 47 prisoners, and under escort of the Essex and Conestoga set out for Vicksburg. Our progress was slow owing to the sand bars and large fleet, and being under flag of truce, we could not travel at night. We viewed with interest Pucker's battery, the east bank, and Island No. 10 as we passed, which now from low water appeared to be upon a bluff fifty feet high. We an chored' at Mem.phis two days. While here the ladies of the town secured a little steam tug, and, crowding into it as long as one could stand on its deck, came out to our boat, bringing to bacco and eatables and showering us with kisses — ^thrown from the hand. As they approached our transport the prisoners nat urally made a rush to the side nearest the tug, causing the boat to careen very much. The commander of the boat ordered the prisoners back to the other side. They refused to obey. Lie then threatened to order the Essex to fire into the tug, if we persisted in disobedience. Being plainly told what might happen to him in that case, the incident ended. While here we viewed the battle ground of our Arkansas Ram with the Federal fleet a few months previous, and the wreck of Federal gunboats by the Ram. On the morning of September 21, 1862, we anchored in sight of Vicksburg. How we realized the goodness of (jod to us ! How sad the reflection that so many of our comrades were left dead at Island No. 10, and at the various prisons of the North, and some even upon the banks of the river along our route from Alton. The next day we bade our respected guard adieu, shaking hands with each, and assuring them of our appreciation of our kind treatment. They replied: "Now if you Johnnies ever capture us, all we ask is that you treat us as well as we have you." And we certainly should have done so. Landing on the west side of the river about a mile above Vicksburg, we marched down the river and crossed over on a ferry boat. It has doubtless fallen to my happy lot to' chronicle here the time and place Confederate prisoners were treated with more humanity than elsewhere, or at any other time during the war. At the Vicksburg landing the ladies were serving free lunch of com bread and barbecued beef from crude tables erected on the banks of the river, and here we spent a happy hour greeting officers and comrades from other prisons who had been ex changed at the same time at Vicksburg. (95) CHAPTER III. PORT HUDSON CAMPAIGN, 1862-1863. ORDERED TO PORT HUDSONj AND CAMPAIGN THERE. We were ordered to Port Hudson, La., but halted a few days in camp near Jackson, Miss. Before leaving Jackson officers were sent to Alabama to recruit the companies to full ranks if possible. From Jacltson we went by rail to TiEingipahoa, La., thence by march of thirty miles across the country to Clinton, La. ; thence over a narrow-gauge railroad to Port Hudson, reaching the latter place October 4, 1862. The next day the regiment pitched camp about 100 yards above the landing on a high bank, affording a fine view of the river above and below, and of sugar-cane plantations across the river in front. Port Hudson, thirty miles above Baton Rouge, was at this time a military position of importance for two reasons : Ist.- As an outpost defense to Vicksburg, by keeping back from Vicksburg Banks' army of 40,000 men; 2nd. Because this po sition commanded the mouth of Red river, by which the Con- fedeijicy obtained supplies from Western Louisiana, Texas, and Southern Arkansas. Those of our comrades not captured at Island No. 10, and who had been organized into a battalion of three companies, aggregating 162 men, commanded by Capt. R. H. Isbell, re joined us a month later. During our imprisonment this battal ion had rendered valuable service in Northern Mississippi, hav ing participated iri the battle of Corinth, Miss., Oct. 3 and 4, 1862. Maj .-Gen. Frank Gardner was commanding the post ; Brig.- Gen. W. N. R. Beall, a brigade ; Col. W. R. Miles, his legion, the total being about 5,500 men. Our regiment was assigned to Beall's brigade. The river defenses, when completed, consisted of eleven bat teries mounting a total of thirty guns, varying in calibre from (96) Port Hudson Campaign, 1862-63. 49 a four-inch Parrott to ten-inch Columbiad, and extending about one and one-half miles along the east bank of the river from the heights below Big Sandy creek to a bayou below. The batteries, numbered from the upper extremity, were manned by the First Alabama, and DeGournay's battalion of artillery. The batteries of our regiment were: Battery No. i, Co. K, had one 2C)-pounder and one 30- pounder. Battery No. 2, Co. A, had two 32-pounders. Battery No. 3, Co. G, had one 42-pounder, and one 32- pounder. Battery No. 5, Co. B, had one 128-pounder, and one 32- pounder. The land defenses, when completed, consisted of a line of breastworks and batteries four miles long, somewhat in the form of a semi-circle connecting the upper and lower extremity of the river line of defenses. Tbe semi-circle thus enclosed was a plateau rising abruptly to a height of eighty feet above low water-mark of the river, gashed here and there by yawning chasms and fringed on the north and south with deep ravines. A space of half a mile on each side of the railroad was an old field comparatively level, and strongly fortified. Distributed along this line were thirty-three batteries and redans numbered from left to right. Very few of these batteries and fortifications had any exist ence, except on paper, when we reached Port Hudson, and some were never completed. The regiment was armed with old flint-lock muskets. An election held for lieutenant-colonel in October resulted in the election of Capt. M. B. Locke of the Perote Guards, a position he ever honored by his superior ability as an officer, by his dignity, his refined Christian character and uniform courtesy to subordinates. To this time since its reorganization, the regiment had been without a lieutenant-colonel. As to the number of men and officers on the muster rolls of the regiment when it reached Port Hudson, and consequently its loss at Island No. 10, and in prison, I find different authori ties widely at variance. But after careful examination and comparison we are bound to accept the official report of Gen. 4 (97) 50 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. Beall, Oct. 22, 1862, just eighteen dlays after our arrival, as the most trustworthy basis. He reports 312 effective men.''' To this add 50 officers and we have 362 ; allowing 20 per cent, at hospital, and on furlough, we have 455 ; to which adding Is- bell's battalion of 162, we have 617. Col. I. G. W. Steedman, in a letter dated May, 1902, to the writer, says : - "We left Bar rancas, Fla., March 5, 1862, with not less than 1,000 men." If he includes Capt. Whitfield's company, which joined us a week later at Island No. 10, the total loss for this seven months is 1,000 less 617, or 383 men. If Whitfield's company (about 50 men) was not included, the loss was 1,050, less 617, or 423 men. The latter is more probably correct. Appalling as these figures are, they cannot be excessive. Brewerf puts the total loss at 150 — figures absurdly incorrect when it is a certain fact that 104 of our regiment's dead are buried at the single prison of Madison, Wis., saying nothing of our heavy losses at Island No. 10, Camp Butler, Camp Douglas, Camp Chase, and other prisons, and the loss of Isbell's battalion during the inter im. Further, subsequent official reports corroborate our esti mate. Between Oct. 4, 1862, and the investment of Port Hud son, May 24, 1863, the regiment received over 200 recruits, Co. K receiving in one squad 45$. A letter to Capt. J. P. Jones, July 5, 1863, from Port Hudson (just three days before the surrender) , says : "First Alabama 585 strong." After the losses at Port Hudson and recruiting fall of 1863, Lieut.-Gen. Polk reports the regiment 745 strong at Meridian, Miss. Companies A, B, G and K at once began the construction of their batteries on the river. The ground was hard, and progress slow and laborious, but by Feb. i. 1863. nearly all the gun.-) were in position. The men were daily practiced in the drill of the squad, company, battalion'' ; and, after completion of bat teries, the artillery also. The three new companies of the regi ment and the many recruits to the seven old companies had no experience in any kind of drill, and these together constituted at least two-thirds of tlie regiment ; but by the superior tact and industry of Col. Steedman, and. our /i.uj utant, Capt. S. D Steedman, a recent graduate of the South Carolina Mil- *Confederate Militar-y Histor-y, vol. vii, p. 53. ^Histor-y of Alabama, p. 589. tSmith's Company K, p. 46. (98) Port Hudson Campaign, 1862-63. 51 itary Academy, assisted by our veteran officers just ex changed, the regiment was soon thoroughly drilled and dis ciplined. It was recognized as tlie crack regiment of the Port Hudson army. One of the proofs that our regiment was held in the highest esteem was that the commanding general always called upon the First Alabama for important details of men and officers to execute special orders. Louisiana rum was -the pe culiar bane of the Port Hudson Army. The sugar planters, being unable to sell their sugar, converted it into this accursed liquid. Details from our regiment were sent out to destroy these distilleries. We were also placed as police guards on all roads leading to distilleries, and ordered to seize and confiscate the rum being brought into our lines. Many gallons were cap tured every night and brought to our guardhouse and poured out on the ground. Our old comrades will remember how the thirsty men would dip it up in cups, or drink it out of the ditches until driven off by the guards. Our daily rations were "blue beef" and "com bread," to which were occasionally added sweet potatoes and syrup. The ladies of Mobile presented each member of the regiment with a full suit of clothes, including overcoats and blankets; comfortable log cabins were erected for winter quarters; and the regiment was im fine health and spirits. Com beer, of which every com pany had one or more stands, was our luxury. Diversions were sought in various ways by the men, but chiefly through "kan garoo courts." Cases were worked up during the day, a jury impaneled that night, an indictment found, the case argued by our lawyers, and the penalty of treating the crowd to beer im posed by the court on the unsuccessful party to the suit. The men also published (wrote) a daily newspaper called "The Mule." It dealt mainly in satire of men and officers on drill, and was replied to by a counter newspaper called "Woodchuck." In a different way, our officers, mostly single, and a hand some set, too, had their pastimes. There were many large sugar planters in this section, and their beautiful and accom plished daughters in fine carriages and attended by retinues of servants made frequent visits to our camps "to see the soldiers." Well, they saw the soldiers, and our officers saw them, the re sult being that our officers made frequent visits to the palatial homes of these young ladies, attending balls, banquets, and other entertainments. But the company officers, having no horses (99) 52 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. and the distance to these homes being too great to walk, had to leave the monopoly of all these pleasures to the staff. If there was anything on earth that a Southem woman, during these days, could not resist it was a Confederate soldier with brass bars and stars on his coat collar. There was some fasci nation even in a corporal's stripes. In November, Col. Steedman hired ai brass band of ten musi cians, commanded by a Capt. O'Neal, the officers of the regi ment by voluntary assessment paying the band. For profi ciency it certainly had no superior if an equal in the Confeder ate service. Their instruments, too, were first-class. They played for us on drill and at night after taps took their position at the Colonel's tent and played us to sleep. We also had many superior fiddlers. Jack Gibson, of the Perote Guards, being the most skillful. Once a week, or oftener, and just after sup per, he would open up a free concert in his tent. The first stroke of his bow never failed to be cheered enthusiastically by the regiment. After playing an hour or two he invariably closed with "O Lord Gals one Friday," which he would play, sing and dance at the same time. He was afterwards wounded (July 28, '64, at Atlanta) in the right arm just above the wrist, resulting in a permanent deflection of the arm at that point ; and being asked whether he could still use the bow replied : "Why, yes ; my arm now has exactly the right crook for the business." Vast quantities of bacon, cattle, sugar and syrup were shipped through Port Hudson to the interior of the (Confederacy. The cattle were made to swim across the river in full view of our batteries. No bacon and only a few of the poorest cattle were left for' our garrison. On November 16, 1862, the Federal fleet under Commodore D. G. Farragut appeared below in sight of our batteries. It was composed of the following vessels : Wooden — Richmond, carrying 27 guns; Hartford, 26 guns; Mississippi, 23 guns; Monongahela, 16 guns. Iron-clad — Kineo, carrying five guns; Albatross, 5 guns; Sachem, 5 guns; Genesee, 5 guns; Essex, 16 guns. Mortar Boats — Also five mortar boats -each carrying one 13- inch mortar. Total, 138 guns and five 13-inch mortars. On the night of December 13, Capt. Boone's battery of light artillery, consisting of three pieces and supported by Companies (100) Port Hudson Campaign, 1862-63. 53 D and F of the First Alabama crossed the river, and gaining a position opposite the fleet and behind the levee without being discovered, opened fire at dawn. A spirited duel was kept up nearly all day, but without material results. In January, 1863, the "Dr. Beatty," a large Red river trans port, protected by cotton bales, carrying one 20-poundter parrott gun and about 500 infantry, left our landing and steamed up the river, flying a large Confederate flag. The Parrott gun was in charge of Lieut. J. Watts Kearney, and the whole -expedition, under command of Maj. J. L. Brand. The Dr. Beatty, the Rams Webb, Queen of the West, and another cotton-protected steamboat constituted the famous expedition. Fully three thousand Confederates had assembled on -the banks of the river to witness the dteparture, and the deafening acclamations of these and those on board marked this as one of the most mem orable incidents of Port Hudson. The avowed purpose was the capture of the Indianola which had passed the Vicksburg batteries, and one of the most powerful river gunboats in the Federal Navy. How this improvised fleet performed this dar ing exploit in capturing the Indianola is one of the immortal achievements of the Confederate soldier and sailor. Farragut's attack on port hudson. On the night of March 14, 1863, "taps" had sounded and we had retired for the night when about 11 p. m. the discharge of several guns from below roused us from our bunks. Farra gut's fleet was coming up. The long roil and the shrill shouts of officers, "fall in, men ! fall in !" dinned our ears as we hur riedly rushed into our clothes, then into ranks, and then to our batteries. By this time the firing of the batteries below was tremendous, the fleet making no reply. The flagship Hart ford, with its consort Kineo, and with Commodore Farragut and son lashed to the mast were leading the way. Following these in succession were the Richmond, Monongahela, Gene see and Mississippi, each, except the last, with an iron-clad con sort. These were followed by the Essex and Sachem. The large heaps of lightwood knots on the opposite bank of the river prepared for exactly this kind of an emergency, were not lighted as ordered. Only starlight dimly revealed an outline of the advancing squadron. Battery after battery opened fire (101) 54 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. as the fleet came within ran'ge. The batteries of the First Alabama regiment being uppermost were the last to become engaged, and the Federal gfunboats opened fire about the same time. The scene now became one of indescribable grandeur. The river and our line of fortifications looked like a solid sheet of electric glare and flame. The deafening roar drowned the command of officers. Gunners and squads no longer awaited command, but loaded and fired as rapidly as possible. The mortar boats below halving previously gained the range of our position, poured upon us a shower of bursting shells. Within half an hour the Hartford and consort had passed up without material damage; the Richmond, quitting the channel opposite battery 5, steamed directly toward the landing which was be tween batteries 5 and 3 under the guns of the First Alabama regiment. Our first impression was that she intended to dis embark troops for a land attack, and all began to think of our muskets. She came within a few rods of the landing in full and close range of all four of the regiment's batteries and was several times stinick. Her intention was to get close under the bluff of the river where, as she supposed, our guns could not bear upon her. But in this she was mistaken, for while her proximity did throw her out of range of most of our guns, the few that could bear upon her were all the more effective from being in such close quarters and in better view. Her sailors, tbinking themselves safe, jeered the men of the First Alabama as the ship pulled up to the landing. At this juncture a large pile of lightwood knots down at the wharf was ignited by Con federates, but being between us and our enemy and therefore blinding to us was quickly extinguished. This position soon proved too hot for the Richmond. Within five minutes ber machinery had been disabled as indicated by the shrill distress ing hiss of steam. She hobbled out from tbe bank bearing up tbe river, and then back toward tbe channel in a curved line, and then drifted in a disabled and almost helpless condition down tbe river. Tbe Monongahela and Genesee following also diverged from the channel of tbe ¦river toward our position, but were so quickly and seriously disabled tbat they retreated down the river as rapidly as their crippled condition would permit. Tbe Essex escaped with slight damage, and the Sachem never reached the range of the guns of the First Alabama regiment. (102) Port Hudson Campaign, 1862-63. 55 The gunboat Mississippi was struck in tbe forward part by a bot shot from a Confederate battery as she entered tbe bat tle, but her intrepid commander pushed vigorously into the fight with his ship afire in front, until reaching a position in front of our regiment she was grounded on the west side of the river perhaps one hundred yards from the bank. Seeing the impos sibility of saving the vessel he fired her in the after part and abandoned her. Tbe flames spread rapidly and she was soon enveloped. Fifteen minutes later she broke loose from the bank and went floating down the river a huge and roaring pyr amid of flames, tbe towering vertex now bending before an occa sional breeze, and then when there was a lull darting vertically upward and hurling skyward a continuous stream of angry sparks and firebrands. Her hundreds of loaded shells were soon reached by the fire, and the rapid explosion of these, some times singly in quick succession, at other times a dozen or more simultaneously sounded like a heavy cannonade and equaling if not surpassing in every element of tbe sublime, the terrific battle through which we had just passed. The firing bad all ceased, and we bad nothing to do but sit upon our batteries and enjoy the thoughts of our triumph and the grand spectacle before us. We thought of and pitied tbe wounded, if any there were, on the buming ship. Tbe fleet below fled in consterna tion from tbeir late companion and disappeared from view. About 5 a. m. this floating volcano rounded a point of land on tbe opposite bank five miles below and the flames sank out of view, but we gazed with unabated interest on the crimsoned horizon beyond. This gradually grew paler and paler until about 5 a. m., when there was a fearful explosion resembling in report that of a heavy peal of thunder in the distance, the flames leaped high above intervening lands and forests, the shock being distinctly felt at our batteries; and what remained of the old historic Mississippi sank to the bottom of the river. Had tbe lightwood knots on tbe opposite shore been promptly lio-hted it is believed that no vessel could have passed our bat teries. A singular coincidence is that the Confederate ram Arkansas, co-operating with Gen. John C. Breckinridge in a land attack on Baton Rouge about a year previous, had gone down at almost the same spot. Several of the Mississippi's crew were killed and probably burned with the vessel. Some of the wounded leaped into tbe (103) 66 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. river and were drowned; about forty men were captured, the rest escaped, among them being the executive officer, Lieut. George Dewey, later the distinguished "hero of Manila." The captain's gig taken from tbe Mississippi fell to the lot of Col. Steedman, and furnished him and his officers much sport when off duty. As to the origin of tbe fire on the steamship Mississippi, and as to which ship it was that came up so close under our batter ies, .several theories were at the tirae advanced, and have since been contended for. Anxious to have the question definitely and correctly settled, I addressed a letter to Admiral George Dewey May 29, 1903, propounding the following questions : ( i ) Was it the Rich mond or Mississippi that came up so close to the landing on tbe night of March 14, 1863, at Port Hudson? (2) Was the steamship Mississippi fired by a hot shot from a Confederate battery, or fired by its executive officer? The following reply from the distinguished Admiral settles the question that it was not the Mississippi that steamed up so close to the landing tbat night, and could he have spoken as definitely as to which one it was that did come so close bis state ment would bave been final. It is seen tbat he inclines to the opinion that it was the Hartford instead of Richmond, but of tbis he is not certain. Not undervaluing the weight of even an indefinite impression of so distinguished a man who was a par ticipant in the battle, I bave, after mature consideration, and not without hesitation, felt it my duty to follow -the almost unan imous opinion of authors, that it was the Richmond, until fur ther light shall establish it as an error. Admiral Dewey's letter is as follows : "Navy Department. "Office of the Admiral of the Navy, "Mills Building, Washington, June 1, 1903. "My Dear Sir: I have the pleasure to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of May 29, relative to the battle of Port Hudson, and will gladly give you such Information as I can in response to your inquiries. "I was the executive officer of the 'Mississippi' in the battle named, and it was not that vessel of which you speak as steaming (104) Port Hudson Campaign, 1862-63. 57 up nearly to the landing, as we were on the other side of the river, and grounded; nor do I think it was the 'Richmond.' My impres sion is that it was the 'Hartford,' which ran in so close to the land ing, though I am not positive on the matter. "The 'Mississippi' was first fired, in the forward part, by a hot shot from one of the Confederate batteries; afterward, finding that she could not be floated and saved, we fired her in the after part and abandoned her. "I hope that you and I may sometime come into close range again, but under different circumstances from those of that me morable 14th of March. Very truly yours, "George Dewey. "Professor E. Y. McMorries, "Plantersville, Ala." Tbe object of getting these ships above us was to cut off supplies west of tbe river from the Confederacy, and to en able Gen. N. P. Banks, then descending Red river valley with 20,000 men, to cross tbe river at Bayou Sara, six miles above Port Hudson. Affairs now relapsed into their former status, the fleet daily shelling our lines with slow guns in a desultory way. An Arm strong rifle-gun on the fleet amused itself by throwing 250- pounld shells into our upper batteries, and sometimes even into Sandy creek swamp, half a mile above our lines — an extraor dinary range at that time, being about five miles. On tbe night of May 9, Col. Paul F. DeGournay with a de tachment of artillery, and Co. K of our regiment, having in all four guns, intrenched under cover of darkness at Trothi's land-' ing opposite the fleet, and early next morning opened fire upon tbe Essex. The whole fleet, mortar boats' and all, joined tbe Essex in ber reply. Tbe battle was furious and against fearful odds until i p. m., when our men withdrew, Co. K's gun having been disabled. May 14, 1863, Gen. C. C. Augur, commanding a Federal force of 10,000 men at Baton Rouge, threw out an advance line of skirmishers toward Port Hudson, and encountered our cav alry pickets in a light skirmish at Plains' store, about six miles below Port Hudson. The aggressive activity of Federal cav alry on both sides of the river. Gen. Augur now advancing from Baton Rouge, Banks crossing tbe river at Bayou Sara, left (105) 58 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. no doubt that Port Hudson was to be invested. The effective force at Port Hudson never exceeded 3,500 men. Tbe Confed erates were in bigh spirits, having not tbe least doubt of tbeir ability to hold the position against any odds. May 19 a detachment of our regiment crossed the river and without loss, severely chastised a body of marauding Federal cavalry, tbe latter leaving several dead and wounded on tbe field. The fighting down tbe Plains' Store road was daily getting nearer and heavier, showing that Gen. Augur was gradually forcing back our line, artillerj' being brought into action on the I9thi and 20th. While we were at our batteries interested listeners to the battle several miles awa.y, Gen. Frank Gardner, our Major- General commanding, unattended (as usual) by any member of his staff, bis ruddy face animated and bis eyes aglow, show ing that the lion in bim was aroused, rode up to our battery and asked : "Are you all ready here ?" Being assured that we were, he pointed in tbe direction of the firing and said: "The enemy are coming, but mark you, many a one will get to h — 1 before he does to Port Hudson" — words that proved prophetic if he meant that many would be killed in battle. On May 22 Gen. Banks began his advance from Bayou Sara upon our position. Our piSckets met bis advance in the Aberger plantation beyond Big Sandy creek and drove them back. On May 23 the skirmishing was resumed and kept up all day in the same position. Tbat night our cavalry, reinforced by a detachment of infantry, intrenched in rifle pits in the skirt of woods between Big Sandly creek and the plantation. The next day the enemy advanced upon us in a heavy skirmish line that was promptly repulsed. Tbis heavy picket fighting, occasion ally approaching a heavy battle, was kept up all day, the Con federates holding their position. Tbat night our infantry fell back to our rifle pits south of Big Sandy creek. In tbe mean while Col. Miles had been doing some hard fighting on tbe right with Augur, and on tbe 24th a portion of Beall's brigade was likewise engaged. The investment of Port Hudson was now complete, and the enemy's forces less than half a mile from us. Thei position of the regiment on the morning of the 25th was in the swamp about one hundred yards south of Big Saridy. There was much large timber, but very little undergrowth. Where rifle pits were wanting breastworks of logs were hastily (106) Port Hudson Campaign, 1862-63. 59 constructed. A light skirmish line was thrown forward to the creek to impede tbe enemy in crossing, and soon a brisk fight was on. The enemy, with a strong force, drove in our pickets, and charged our position. He was driven back with loss. Tbe enemy fleeing, our skirmish lines pursued and drove tbem back across the creek. They rallied, reinforced and again drove in our pickets, charged and were repulsed. Several times tbis was repealed during tbe day. In the evening, just after one of these charges and repulses, a Federal lieutenant was wounded and captured. As he was being carried back through our lines on a litter dripping blood, be raised himself up and abused us without stint, adding that the Federals would have Port Hudson in twenty-four bours. He was quite a handsome young man, and our men applauded bim for bis pluck, but assured him tbat he was mistaken in judgment. After tbe last charge and re pulse of tbe enemy nearly sundown that evening, our pursuing skirmishers, commanded by Capt. Knowles, not only drove them back across Big Sandy creek, but crossed themselves where Capt. Knowles captured and brought back a very fine horse as a trophy, of which he was very proud. Col. Steedman having been put in command of the left wing, composed of tbe First Alabama, 15th Arkansas and lotb Ar kansas, a detachment of Wingfield's battalion and 39th Mis sissippi regiment, Lieut.-Ojl. M. B. Locke commanded the reg iment from tbis time to tbe end of the siege. Col. Steedman, during the siege, won the highest encomiums from his men and superiors, and would have received a brigadier-general's com mission soon afterwards had be not been captured and sent to prison ; while Col. Locke proved himself a brave and able reg imental commander. About sundown tbe regiment fell back to the heights about a quarter of a mile from our line of fortifications, had stacked arms and were lying aibout promiscuously on tbe ground, when Col. Steedman rode up, having received an order from Gen. Gardner to advance and "feel" for the enemy, and in a loud tone commanded Col. Locke to take tbe First Alabama regi ment and go forward until be struck tbe enemy. Tbe evening twilight had just faded from tbe western horizon, and a full moon was mounting the eastern sky as the regiment descended tbe bluff into the deep swamp canopied high above with tbe luxuriant foliage of a giant forest. Tbe enemy's pickets, per ceiving our adivance, bad ceased firing, and ensconced behind (107) 60 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. trees were silently awaiting our approach. Our way led through a clearing of deadened timbers and over ground densely cov ered with shrabbery, brush, briars and logs. Through this tangled copse we made our way the best we could in various squads. A slough of thick underbrush formed tbe farther mar gin of this clearing, and when we were within a few yards of it, the enemy lighted up his lurking places with a blaze of musketry. Exposed to a hidden foe we returned tbe fire until ordered to fall back, carrying with us our dead and wounded. We bad "felt" the enemy. During the night battle a minie rifle ball cut out tbe letter "C" from tbe hilt of Col. Steedman's sword, leaving the letter "S" — destroying tbe Confederacy, but leav ing the States. Tbe sword is still in bis possession (1904). Lieut.-Col. Locke wore the sword tbat night by mistake. The vital importance of the delay thus secured by these days of fighting in advance of our main line of defense, will be better understood by adding here an extract from Col. Steedman's official report of tbe siege of Port Hudson. Had not these rifle pits been constructed, tbe enemy would have entered Port Hud son May 27, 1863. Extract from col. steedman's official report of the siege. "The enemy's demonstrations on this day convinced me be yond a doubt that be bad determined to attack our lines in tbe vicinity of our commissary depot, arsenal, etc. Up to Monday night, the 25tb of May, no works of any description had been thrown up to defend tbis position, extending from Col. John son's adivanced work, on the right of my command to a point within five hundred yards of tbe river on tbe left, including a space of three-fourths of a mile. There was not a rifle pit dug nor a gun mounted on Monday night. "I reported my convictions to the Major-General command ing. The evidence was satisfactory to him, and he ordered all the available tools, negroes, -etc., to be placed at the disposal of tbe Chief Engineer. The work was promptly laid out by Lieut. Dabney and ere tbe dawm of Tuesday, considerable progress bad been made. A battery of four pieces bad been mounted during the night on the hill in the immediate vicinity of tbe commis sary depot which, since tbat, bas been called Commissary Hill. Tbe emergency being great, this work was pressed with energy (108) Port Hudson Campaign, 1862-63. 61 all Tuesday and Tuesday night, so tbat by Wednesday morning an imperfect line of rifle pits bad been thrown up to protect the most exposed points on tbe left wing." During the night of May 26 tbe entire Confederate army took position along our line of breastworks, where we remained dur ing tbe period of forty-nine days of siege that followed. Port Hudson was not provisioned for a siege. Gen. Gardner had received orders to evacuate it, but the rapid approach of Gen. Banks prevented its execution. The position of the command and tbe assigfnment of com manders for the seige were as follows: Maj .-Gen. Franklin Gardner, commanding all tbe Confederate forces ; Col. I. G. W. Steedman, acting brigadier-general, commanding the left wing ; Brig.-Gen. W. N. R. Beall, commanding the center; Col. W. R. Miles, commanding the right wing. Beginning at the extreme left and giving in the order in which they occur, tbe left wing was composed of the following regiments, and in the order named: The 39tb Mississippi, a detachment of Col. Wingfiedd's dismounted cavalry, loth Ar kansas, 1st Alabama, and 15th Arkansas regiments; the center, of the 23d Arkansas, i6tb Arkansas, 1st Arkansas and I2tb Arkansas ; the right wing, of De(;k»umay's battalion of artil lery and Col. Miles' legion. The distribution of Confederate batteries numbered from left to right was as follows : On the left wing were batteries 3, 6, II (Fort Desperate), 12, 13, 14, 15, i6, 17; on the center, bat teries 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 ; on the right wing, bat teries 26, 27, 28, 29, 33. Missing numbers indicate batteries planned, but never constructed. On tbe left wing were no de fenses except tbat the timbers for two hundred yards in front bad been fdled, the surface being so rugged tbat the skill of the engineer was hardly deemed necessary. Tbe position of the First Alabama, about three-quarters of a mile from the extreme left, was between tbe lotb Arkansas on its left, and the 15th Arkansas on its right. A ravine pierced the right of our regi ment, separating Co. A and its battery from the rest of the reg iment. The length of tbe left wing was one and one-half miles long and defended by 1,600 effective men. Tbis put tbe men along tbe line in single file about five feet apart. Our regiment never at any time bad its full strength at tbe breastworks ; de tachments from Companies A, B, G and K being kept at tbeir (109) 62 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. respective batteries, and two detachments from Co. K being assigned, one to a redan on the Jackson road, and tbe other to battery 1 1 on the river. During the siege several heavy guns were transferred from the river batteries to tbe breastworks, wooden guns shaped and painted like cannon being substituted to deceive tbe enemy ber low. It is singular tbat the fleet made no serious effort to cap ture any of our river batteries during the siege. Contrary to expectation, tbe ehemy did not push his advance May 26, and this gave the regiment an opportunity to intrench'. This delay of one day by Banks was a fatal mistake to him. Late in tbe evening of the 26th, Gen. Banks sent in to Gen. Gardner a formal demand for the surrender of Port Hudson. It was a lengthy document, written in tbat elegant style for which Gen. Banks was so noted. It set forth his ability to take Port Hudson at his will, but expressing eamest desire to save tbe unnecessary effusion of blood. To this Gen. Gardner re plied briefly that his ordbrs were to defend Port Hudson and tbat be should obey his orders. Tbis formal demand of Gen. Banks and the laconic reply of Gen. Gardner were printed and distributed that night along the Confederate lines. So all knew tbat we were standing on tbe "perilous edge of battle." It was midnight when we were ordered to quit work and to sleep on our arme. The men-, falling on tbe ground in the rear of the ditches, were soon in slumbers. The firing had ceased and tbe note of tbe whippoorwill in the ravine above us alone broke thti stillness of tbe night. To the thoughtful it was an hour of se rious reflection. To many it was tbe last sleep before thiat of their final rest. At early dawn of May 27 Banks opened a heavy cannonade upon our whole front, tbe fleet shelling tbe river batteries. Shot, grape, shrapnel were whizzing everywhere, tearing up our breastworks here, plowing up the ground there, crashing through the trees yonder amid terrific explosion of shells. About 120 pieces on land and nearly as many heavy pieces from tbe fleet had tbeir fire concentrated upon us. Tbis was main tained an hour when there immediately issued from the woods in our front a long line of burnished steel and waving banners. This was followed by another line, and this by another. What a host advancing against a single line where the men stood five feet apart. Our arms were tbe old flint lock musket (but they (UO) Port Hudson Campaign, 1862-63. 6b were a sure fire) not effective over forty yards ; the enemy were armed with the powerful Enfield rifle. Our cartridge was a ball and three buckshot, a destructive missile at short range. Owing to tbe ruggedness of tbe ground and felled timbers, the enemy could not preserve their lines intact and soon became a conglomerate mass. We awaited their approach in silence. When within forty yards we were commanded to fire. A blaze of musketry flashed from our ramparts. Tbe enemy was dazed and stunned by the suddenness of the blow and the fearful effect of our first volley. Over one-fifth of bis number were upon tbe ground dead or wounded. There was a momentary pause, and then rallying and raising a shout they charged. The Con federates now loaded and fired as rapidly as possible. The enemy was falling thick and fast at every step of his slow ad vance over brush, but still he bravely pressed on, firing as he came, until within a few feet of our lines and then — fled in utter panic and rout. As usual, tbe retreat was more disastrous tban tbe advance, and tbe ground within range of our muskets was literally covered with blue-coats. Shouts of Confederates right and left, assured us of a general repulse along our whole front. Before the enemy's advance be bad covered a ridge about fifty yards in front of our regiment with sharp-shooters, and these lay in perfect security and shot our men as they raised their heads and bodies above the breastworks to fire. These Yankee sharp-shooters inflicted tbe principal damage on our regiment, killing and wounding many more men than tbe charging columns. The stampeded Federals rallied under protection of the woods in front and charged again, and were again repulsed. This second charge was made about 10 a. m. After these, re peated assaults were made during the day upon our position, but the enemy never reached as near our works or fought with as much courage as on the first charge. Late in the evening the firing ceased and our next thoughts were of our dead and wounded. Tbe latter bad been promptly removed to our field hospital in a ravine 200 yards in tbe rear, but litters were lean ing here and there along our ramparts saturated with blood, and blood was running and puddling in the trenches. Col. Locke received a painful wound in the neck from a spent ball; but, bandaging it with bis pocket handkerchief stood bravely to his (Ul) 64 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. post. Tbe total loss of our regiment was 32 killed and 44 wounded. During the fierce assault of May 27 on our whole left wing. Commissary Hill was an especial object of attack. Here we had a four-gun battery, and behind it were our commissary stores, arsenal and old gin-house containing the little grist mills which did all the grinding for tbe army. Our battery did great execution by destroying a number of field guns, but sharp shooters bidden in the fallen timbers soon made our battery un tenable by shooting our gunners, compelling them to lie behind the parapet and await assault. Col. Steedman took his position in this battery. A ditch near tbe battery was enfiladed by sharp-shooters ; the Colonel ordered tbe Adjutant, Capt. S. D. Steedman (who is the brother of Col. Steedman) to remove the men from this ditch; in attanpting to do so he was shot down by a rifle ball striking bim over the beart. He was taken to the rear, supposedly mortally wounded, but late at night the Colonel and regiment were delighted to bear that the ball was deflected by a rib and came out at the back, and our adjutant was still living. He soon recovered from tbe wound and re sumed duty. Our experience on tbe night of May 27 was new to us, and distressing. The piteous cries of "water," "water," from hun dreds of the enemy's wounded, and the groans of tbe dying now touch with deepest sympathy those with wbom they bad but to day been locked in deadly strife. Several of our men took the risk and carried canteens of water to those nearest our lines, When these retumed they reported plenty of Enfield rifles near our ramparts. Our men quickly supplied themselves, and after tbis each man kept two loaded guns, his Enfield for 'long taw," and flint and steel for close quarters. Early next morning Gen. Banks obtained a flag of truce for the burial of his dead and removal of his wounded. Col. Locke, by -direction of Col. Steedman, met the flag. Several immense openings in the earth were made in front of our regiment each with a capacity of about 100 men. Into these the dead were piled and covered. A brigade of negroes had charged tbe 39th Mississippi on our left ; about half were killed outright on the field, and for the burial of these Gen. Banks never asked a flag of truce. They lay there in tbe bot sun and putrified and swelled until tbe stench became so unbearable to (Jol. Shelby of (112) Port Hudson Campaign, 1862-63. 65 the 39tb Mississippi, that be asked Gen. Banks to allow him (Shelby) to bury them. Gen. Banks replied that he had! no dead there. Tbis ended tbe greatest battle of Port Hudson during tbe siege. It taught us that a few men with a determination to stay could bold a fortified position against great odds. The enemy began a series of zig-zag approaches to our lines and soon bad their breastworks within 75 yards of us. Both sides placed notched logs longitudinally on tbeir breastworks, tbe notches being tumed down and used as port-holes through which sharp shooting was plied vigorously from daylight to dark. Both Federal and Confederate sharp-shooters got tbe exact range of the opposite openings and could shoot through them every fire. Many of our men lost tbeir lives at these po sitions, and a Federal officer told die writer after the surren der that twenty-three Federals had been killed through a single one during tbe siege. Another source of loss was carelessness. During a long siege men become accustomed to bullets and to a degree lose sense of danger. As an instance out of hundreds I give tbe circumstances of the untimely and tragic death of Newton Soles, a youth of 16, and naturally inclined to be a little thoughtless. The beat of the sun was so intense that we were permitted to erect, in rear of tbe breastworks wbat we called "shebangs." These were made by first driving down into the ground two small stakes three feet high and about seven feet apart and connected at the top by a ridge pole, across which a blanket was stretched. Then, at right angles to these stakes, and about three feet from each, four other stakes each about one foot high, were driven down to which each corner of the blanket was fastened. Two men could very well occupy a "shebang." On the day of his death Newt proposed to me to build one. This point of the line was on a hillside ; and, in getting from the ditch to the bank in rear one had to be very careful not to let bis head, or tbe least part thereof, show itself above the breastworks, be cause it was almost certain death. As we ascended the bank I said to Newt : "Look out for your head there." He was on the upper side of tbe hill. We had just put up the two high stakes, the ridge pole, and bad stretched the blanket, when I heard tbe thug of a bullet. Newt rolled into tbe ditch, dead. 5 (113) 66 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. with the blood pouring from a wound in his head. He never spoke afterwards. On the evening of June 13, Gen. Banks made another demand for surrender. But Gen. Gardner again courteously declined. Men and officers preferred to fight. The opening of the battle at dawn on tbe next morning by Gen. Banks was very similar to that on May 27, but be bad in position more artillery and his infantry was nearer our lines. A furious cannonade was maintained about two hours. Their shot and shell frequently passed entirely over the Confederate semi circle and fell among their own men on the opposite side. After this free-for-all entertainment, the enemy advanced to the assault in three double lines of battle-. We used our Enfield rifles until within 30 or 40 yards, and then our old flint and steel muskets. Under a destructive fire from our men the enemy bravely ad vanced until within twenty yards, and then fled in panic amid loud rebel yells along our whole lines. Again and again they reformed and charged, but never came as near as on the first charge. In fact, towards tbe last of the battle tbeir officers could hardly get the Federals to leave tbeir own breastworks. They were not cowards, but brave men. They saw no hope of storming our position successfully and were demoralized. Had it been simply a question: of Bank's Army taking Port Hudson, the Confederate flag would bave been floating over its ramparts today (1904), and forever after this. Again bad their dead and wounded covered our front. Sharp-shooters on tbat ridge again killed and wounded several of our regiment. Blood flowed freely along our trenches. Tbis was the last general assault upon our position. The at tacks made May 27 and June 14 are knowni as the two great battles of Port Hudson. After this the two armies resumed sharp-shooting through portholes. Large green trees between us and the enemy were shot to death and into splinters with minie balls. Tbe enemy, generally at night, made frequent sorties upon some points of our lines, but were promptly re pulsed. They also occasionally annoyed us with band grenades — diminutive bombs. For this they would select a d&rk night, and an hour when all except videttes were supposed to be asleep, creep stealthily as near as possible, then make a dash forward to our breastworks, toss the grenade into our trenches and run back to their ditches before we could be roused from (114) Port Hudson Campaign, 1862-63. 67 sleep and get into line. Several hundred of these little burst ing bombs popping like so many big fire-crackers away in tbe night produced many laughable incidents among tbe boys. Though we never slept over ten steps from our line, before we could be aroused and get into position the hand grenades were all burst, and the Yankees all gone. Col. Steedman, in a letter to the writer, dated July 2, 1902, relates the following incident of tbe siege of Port Hudson : "About the middle of the siege, the enemy attempted to make a sneak through our lines in the night. A picked command was formed, possibly a thousand men. They selected the slaughter pen route. This pen stood on a high bluff, deep ravines from the neigh borhood running into Sandy creek. These ravines were filled with the offal of many hundred cattle. The attempt was made in a rain storm. The men got separated and lost while bogging and flounder ing in this awful putrid mess. They came straggling through our thin line, and were captured in detail. The greater number scram bled back to their own lines. Those captured were hideous, stink ing objects and glad to get a chance to wash up. "Had this picked command succeeded in getting through our lines in good order, and been followed up by reinforcement, Port Hudson might have been captured that night; but good luck and brave men saved it. This is written from memory, but is correct in essentials, my headquarters being within a few hundred yards of the spot" As the siege progressed sickness increased. We had no pro tection from a buming sun, our food most unwholesome, and we were not permitted to take off accoutrements day or night. Since the middle of June we had nothing but corn bread and syrup and only a scanty supply of com. We had a few peas and these were ground with com for bread, but it produced so much sickness that the surgeon ordered its discontinuance. Green muscadines were cooked into preserves tbat tasted well, but also caused sickness. For some reason not a fish could be caught out of the river. There were several old mules in our lines in medium order, and Gen. Gardner bad these slaughtered and issued to the men. Some of the boys also caught and cooked big rats. "How do mule and rat taste?" Tbe writer did not get a chance at rats, though during the siege they were considered a delicacy. He tried mule meat, and com (115) 68 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. bread shortened with mule grease. Famished as he was, his stomach rebelled against the latter. The former had a flavor somewhat like turkey, but it tasted like: nothing else be knows except a mule. Those who used tobacco (as most did), suffered much from lack of it. Many kinds of bark and roots were substituted. the surrender of port HUDSON. All through tbe siege we cherished hope of relief through Gens. Joe Johnston and T. M. Logan. The latter, with a bri gade of cavalry did attack Banks's rear in hearing of Port Hudson. Though we bad no fears of the enemy, who was thoroughly whipped and demoralized already, yet having noth ing to eat and being nearly out of ammunition, all foresaw our inevitable doom. But negotiations for surrender came earlier than anticipated, and from a source not expected. On the night of July 6, a band grenade, to which was attached a message from Gen. Grant to Gen. Banks stating that Vicksburg had surrendered o-n July 4, 1863, was thrown by a Federal picket into our lines. This dispatch was immediately carried to Col. Steedman. He carried it to Gen. Gardner at headquarters. The result was a council of war immediately, in which it was determined to send a flag of truce to Gen. Banks next moming and ask whether this telegrami were genuine and true. Gen. Banks replied upon his honor tbat it was true, and that one of Grant's army corps was already on tbe way to Port Hudson, and that another would follow next day. Commissioners to treat for surrender from both sides met under a tent-fly between the lines on the moming of July 7. Col. I. G. W. Steedman, Col. W. N. Miles, and Col. M. J. Smith were the Confederate commissioners. The Federals demanded an immediate sur render; the Confederates, by every possible artifice, strove to postpone the surrender until the moming of tbe 8tb, their ob ject being to gain time by which Confederates might make their escape from Port Hudson during the night. A heavy rain and thunder storm luckily came up from tbe west late in the afternoon and thus gained us a night's delay before formal sur render. By 9 a. m. on tbe moming of tbe 8tb, white flags were fiying all along the ramparts of friend and foe. Vicksburg had gone, (116) Port Hudson Campaign, 1862-63. 69 Port Hudson must go I Our long struggle of seven weeks had been in vain ! So many of our comrades had died in vain 1 No, not in vain, for our little band had held back forty thousand Federals from Vicksburg. Groups of Federals and Confeder ates were soon together between tbe lines in conversation, and trading — a trade is always tbe first thought of a Yankee. We bad syrup and sugar; they bad bacon, crackers, coffee, and to bacco, and trade ran briskly in these commodities. That even ing we were ordered back to camps, followed by Banks's com missary train tbat issued to us bountiful rations of beef, crack ers, and other supplies. Wbat a feast! But over it all bung tbe shadow of imprisonment. Next moming, July 9, we were ordered up in line of battle fronting Gens. Banks and Gardner, and grounded arms. The ceremony of surrender was over, and we were prisoners. Gen. Banks addressed us in a brief speech, commending most highly our heroic defense of Port Hudson, and closed by saying that brave men could always be trusted, and tbat every private and non-commissioned officer should be released on parole. Tbis announcement was received with joy, but mixed with regret tbat a hard fate awaited our faithful officers. For tbis mag nanimous act tbe Port Hudson prisoners were ever grateful; and it was an act of magnanimity, pure and simple, and not of motives. Gen. Banks so assured tbe writer in a private letter written in 1878. THE MARCH TO SHUBUTA AND HOME TO ALABAMA. The work of paroling began July 11, and was completed July 14, 1863. During this time several of our sick died at our hos pital, and several of our officers, among tbem Maj. S. L. Knox, obtained paroles given to these dead privates, donned a pri vate's uniform, and passed out of tbe Yankee lines without being detected. A few of the officers, after perilous adventure and much suffering from hunger and thirst, effected their es cape through tbe enemy's pickets. Receiving our paroles, we passed through tbe enemy's lines at our breastworks on tbe Clinton road, camping that night about ten miles from Clinton. Here several of our officers wbo had made tbeir escape, rejoined us. We gave them an ovation. The citizens along the way out to Tangipahoa on tbe (117) 70 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. line of Mississippi and Louisiana were exceedingly kind and generous. These Louisianians were a princely people, and in tensely loyal to the South. At many points along the road free lunch stands bad been erected where tbe soldiers were served by the white ladies and negroes. Many of these young creole women were beautiful; so that while we satisfied the cravings of hunger, we feasted our eyes. To the women of the Confed eracy there were no strangers in the Southern army; all were brothers. Men, women and all would say : "Our roasting ears are ripe ; plenty of watermelons in the fields ; if we bave any thing you need, take it; nothing we have is too good for you; it all belongs to you while you are with us. We appreciate your services to our State at Port Hudson." The railroads being torn up, we had to walk from Port Hud son to Shubuta, Miss., on the Mobile & Ohio Railroad, a dis tance of i8o miles. Of this, 120 miles lay across the entire State of Mississippi, which required a week's travel, and where we had much difficulty in getting food and shelter; and never without pay. They would not even haul our sick a few miles without compensation. But perhaps our treatment was what might bave been expected, as we bave since been informed, the poor piney woods Mississippi counties we marched through were filled with a very large element, notoriously disloyal to tbe Confederacy. Jones, one of t'hiese counties, was so intense ly Union in sentiment, that it is said at some time during the war to have passed an ordinance, seceding from the Confeder acy. We went by as direct a route as possible to Shubuta, where we took the cars, reaching bome during tbe last days of July. Here we remained two and one-half months, enjoying a much- needed rest, bounteous rations, and social gatherings. Officers were sent to prison and held to tbe close of the war. (118) CHAPTER IV. ilERIDIAN, MOBILE, AND GEORGIA CAMPAIGNS. REGIMENT REASSEMBLED. October 12, 1863, tbe regiment, Maj. S. L. Knox command ing, was ordered to Cahaba, Ala., and went into parole camps on a high hill two or three miles west of the town. We had not been exchanged in accordance with the terms of our paroles, and an effort by our officers to put us on duty in violation of our paroles was bitterly resented by almost every member of the regiment. By the terms of our parole, we were to perform no kind of military service or duty until regularly exchanged ac cording to the provisions of the cartel of exchange. We had not been so exchanged, nor were we afterwards. Tbe commis- ioners of exchange had annulled tbis cartel, simply "declar ing all paroled prisoners exchanged." However, our officers having satisfactorily explained the situation in reference to exchange, we entered upon duty. We always doubted, and still, doubt, tbe legality of our exchange,' and bad we been recaptured might have been severely dealt with. On Nov. 9, tbe regiment left Cahaba for Meridian, Miss., spending tbe night in an old cotton warehouse in Selma. As the regiment marched from the warehouse next moming through tbe streets to the depot, the effects of whiskey were much in evidence. Reaching Meridian Nov. 10, we at once set about erecting log cabins for winter quarters. A detachment of the regiment guarded railroad bridges below, tbe rest fur nished daily guards for all outgoing and incoming trains. We were in fine health and spirits, had full rations and comfortable clothes, drew several months' pay, investing it all in "bone dried goobers" at $50 a bushel, and "potato pones" at $1 a pone. During the Christmas holidays. Gen. Reynolds's Arkansas brigade, which was stationed here, got too much whiskey, be- (119) 72 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. came boisterous and mutinous, and our regiment with other commands was called out to restore order. For a while the situation was serious, but the Arkansans were finally pacified. The second term of enlistment (two years) of original mem bers of the relgiment having expired in January, 1864, each re ceived a thirty days' furlough on reenlisting. Companies C. H. and K were ordered to Jackson, Miss., Jan. 21, 1864, reach ing that point Jan. 23. Tbe object was to capture and bring across Pearl river a number of railroad locomotives, but the adtvance of Gen. Sherman from Vicksburg thwarted this plan, and the detachment retumed to Meridian. MOBILE BAY CAMPAIGN. As Gen. Sherman's advance seemed to threaten Mobile, the regiment left Meridian Feb. 14 and marched to tbe Tombigbee river, embarked on steamer, reaching Mobile Feb. 20. For two weeks we did garrison duty at the forts and batteries along tbe line of land defenses, but were then withdrawn and encamp ed on a vacant square in the residence part of tbe city. March 13 we set out for Port Alabama, twenty-five miles down the bay, and after a two days' march through a flat, lonesome, piney woods country, reached our destination, pitching our tents on the bay front. While here, detachments of tbe regi ment did garrison duty at Cedar Point and Fort Powell; the rest, picket duty along tbe beach, on one occasion capturing and hanging a Yankee spy. Leaving the companies on garri son duty, the regiment went by steamer to Fort Gaines April 5, 1864, and was assigned to guns. We remained here a month, enjoying plenty of fish and oysters. Tbe garrison also bad a vegetable garden of ten acres, cultivated by daily details, but we left too soon to be benefited by tbis. At Fort Gaines tbe regiment bandied its last artillery, its his tory henceforth being blended with tbat of tbe Army of Ten nessee.REGIMENT JOINS GEN. JOSEPH E. JOHNSTON's ARMY RETREAT ING ON ATLANTA. About May i tbe regiment left Fort Gaines for the Army of Tennessee then retreating before Sherman in North Geor gia. We stopped about a week or ten dav ai" Pollard, Ala. (120) Meridian, Mobile, and Ckorgia Campaigns. 73 While here Co. I was detailed for duty on Dog river. Co. K at Hall's Landing, and Co. C at Greenville, Ala. The rest of the regiment left Pollard May i6, and joined the Army of Ten nessee at New Hope Church, Ga., May i8, and was assigned to Cantey 's brigade (but a week later was transferred to Quarles's brigade) Walthall's division, Polk's corps. The regiment's position was north of and near tbe cburch, in a new ground and in front of a branch. Fifty yards beyond the narrow valley of this little stream, was a dense undergrowth of bushes and saplings, held by the enemy's pickets. Heavy skirmishing was going on as we took our places in line. On May 25 the Federals made a general attack on our position. Three times they charged us from tbe copse in front, but were repulsed with heavy loss before they could cross this narrow valley perhaps a hundred yards. Assaults were made also on May 26 and 27, but not in such force. Companies I and C arrived in time to take part in the battle. Co. K reached us later, on the 28th. About 9 p. m. June 2, the army began its retreat to Lost Mountain, a distance of six miles, a march tbe most memorable in tbe long service of the regiment. Our road led across a range of high and steep red bills intersected with frequent streams which, normally insignificant, had been swollen by the recent heavy rains into roaring torrents. Tbe soft, slippery clay on the tops and, sides of tbe hills, except occasional stretches of boulders, the interstices of which were cut up into deep holes of slush, had been worked into a solid pulp a foot or more deep by our heavy army wagons. A chilly rain was falling in intermittent showers, the night was so intensely dark that tbe band could not be seen an inch before the eyes, while the angry peals of thunder leaping from cliff to cliff along the mountain crests blended into one prolonged, continuous sullen roar. All nature seemed up in arms against us. Men as they struggled along tbe road, each for himself, and with no respect for mili- tarv order, sank to their knees in mud from which with diffi culty they extricated themselves ; or confiding too much to tbe smooth, slippery, treacherous surface of a projecting boulder, were burled headlong, baggage and all, into the deep mud. Wao-ons and teams all along were stuck fast. Streams, some times reaching up to our shoulders, were waded as we came to tbem. It was nearly daylight when we reached our position (121) 74 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. on Lost Mountain, and tbe morning sun soon revealed an army of men literally covered with red mud. The Federal's advance came up about noon, and a heavy skirmish ensued at the foot of the mountain. Tbat night our pickets intrenched in rifle-pits on the side of tbe mountain, tbe enemy a short distance below them. We occupied this po sition about a week, the enemy not attempting to advance in our front. But heavy firing, generally on our left, was in progress every day. On the night of June 1 1 we fell back to Pine Moun tain, where the regiment again occupied a strong position, and was never attacked, in force. While on this line our Lieut.- Gen. Polk was killed! by a fragment of shell. His death was deeply lamented by the whole army, but especially by his corps. June 1 6 tbe regiment retreated to Kenesaw Mountain, our position being on the highest ridge. Here, as at Lost and Pine Mountains, the enemy made several dashes up the sides of tbe mountain upon our rifle pits, but were repulsed. Sherman's main attacks were upon the flanks of the army, and as our corps occupied tbe center, we had little fighting. From our heights on Kenesaw we witnessed several hard battles on the flank. Also, there were heavy rains almost daily since we left New Hope Church. July 2 we fell back to a position' two miles below Marietta, Ga. The rear of our position here was an old field; tbe front, recently a forest whose timber bad been felled for loo yards as an obstruction to the enemy. We found here a ditch ready for our occupancy. July 3 the Federals advanced in force to tbe edge of the timber in front, planted a battery on our right, and about 2 p. m. made a fierce attack from tbeir positions, but did not charge. Heavy sharp-shooting was kept up all night, and we slept on our arms. July 4tb the enemy fired National sajutes with loaded shot and shell at us, tbeir brass bands along the lines struck up National airs with loud huzzabs. To us it looked like a big gala day among tbe Federals. They were drinking whiskey and in high glee. About 2 p. m. three double lines advanced about seventy yards over the felled tim ber, halted about sevfenty-five yards from us, when tbe men stringing out under a big oak log and picking it up, limbs and all, would swing it around parallel to our breast works, form ing a pretty good defense for themselves. They did this in 15 minutes, under a murderous fire from our lines. Nobody but (122) Meridian, Mobile, and (Georgia Campaigns. 75 a set of drunken fools would have attempted such a thing. From this time till night, the firing was heavy. Dr. Madding, our assistant surgeon, and loved by every member of the regi ment, was killed. That night it fell to tbe lot of our brigade to cover tbe re treat of Johnston's army. The men began filing silently to the rear by 9 p. m., and by 11 p. m. tbe ditches were empty, and) Quarles's brigade alone fronted Sherman's army. It was two hours later before we left, and they were bours of anxiety. We knew tbat the enemy had but to advance to capture us, and all those indications of advance so well known to Confederates, were in strong evidence. About i a. m. the command "File rigbt, march," was whispered along tbe line. We moved out noiselessly ; and, stooping to conceal our movements, had gone but a few yards when Lieut. Knight was wounded by a bullet piercing his thigh and crushing the bone. He fell, but such was his pluck and presence of mind that not a groan escaped him, and without a word being spoken, be wais picked up by the litter-bearers and bome on with us. Next morning we reached our position on tbe north bank of tbe Chattahoochee river and intrenched. The enemy soon came up, and skirmishing resumed. We remained here until July 9, when we crossed tbe river and took position on Peach- tree (5reek. We occupied this position until tbe i6th, engaged in daily skirmishing, when we fell back to the defenses of At lanta, our last stronghold. GEN. HOOD SUPERSEDES GEN. JOHNSTON. On July 18, it was announced that Gen. J. B. Hood bad su perseded Gen. Joseph E. Johnston. The news thunderstruck the army. Gloomy forebodings took tbe place of buoyant hope, and a keen sense of degradation was felt tbat the Army of Tennessee, heretofore commanded by a full general, was now to be commanded by a third rate general — a major-general, lately promoted to lieutenant-general. We should have bad the same feeling if any other of like rank had been put in con> mand, except, possibly Gen. Longstreet. Further, it was be lieved to be tbe result of intrigue at Richmond, and of tbe clamor of non-combatants at home. But for the patriotism of tbe army there would have been a vehement protest. As it was, (123) 76 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. there was sullen submission. The army entertained tbe high est opinion of Gen. Hood as a major-general. They knew he was loyal, patriotic and brave, but doubted bis ability to com mand the army. Johnston, by daily object lessons of partial engagements in which he was always victorious during his masterful retreat from Dalton to Atlanta, had inspired bis men with a faith and enthusiasm seldom attained by any general. Neither the yeterans of Lee nor the imperial guard of Napol eon trusted its general more implicitly, or followed him with more unbounded enthusiasm. Johnston they could fol low with certainty of victory; Hood, only with apprehension of defeat and disaster. And had Gen. Johnston, even against his judgment, led his little army against Sherman, a very dif ferent account of tbe siege of Atlanta could be written. To even tbe casual observer, a change in commanders would have been apparent. The most perfect order and system in the move ments of the army were suddenly changed into utter confus ion. Cavalry were hurrying in one direction; artillery, flying in another; infantry, double-quicking in another; and every where confusion. On the' moming of July 20, Hood attacked Sherman's left, but our regiment being in reservie, was not engaged. Neither side gained any advantage. July 22 Hood again attacked Sher man's left near Decatur with a much greater force, bis object being to destroy Sherman's flanking column. Tbis was one of the two great battles of Atlanta. Hood drove back the enemy, captured three thousand prisoners, but it was done at a fearful sacrifice of men; and, as the enemy recaptured this position, there was no distinct gain to the Confederates. Our regiment was not engaged. About II a. m., July 28tb, while preparing dinner, we were ordered into line and moved at quick time towards our left, and soon came to the poor house road in the edge of the woods. Tbe day was intensely bot, without a breeze. After an hour of rest, we marched up the road and soon came in hearing of musketry ahead. We began to meet ambulances bringing our woundied from tbe battle, and the rattle of musketry was becoming more distinct. The regiment was drawn up in the edge of tbe wood, fronting an old worn- out pasture. The enemy's position was a quarter of a mile in front, at tbe edge of tbe woods along tbe opposite sidte of tbis (124) Meridian, Mobile, and Ckorgia Campaigns. 77 pasture. The forest was of oak with dense undergrowth. The form of the surface between our regiment and the enemy was thus : gradual ascent loo yards, level 150 yards, gradual descent 100 yards, steep hill 20 yards, a slough 20 yards wide, ascent of steep bill 20 yards, level to tbe enemy's pKJsition 25 yards. Tbe position of the regiment where first formed, was excluded from the view of the enemy by tbe inclined plane in front. The Federals had no artillery until near tbe close of tbe battle, when they brought into action two Parrott guns nearly one-half mile from our rigbt. These did us no harm. It was 2 p. m. when the regiment took its position as above described. The first thing that attracted our attention was Cantey's brigade to our rigbt front, on top of tbe hill and under heavy fire. They were making no reply nor advancing, and seemed to be waiting for us. We were ordered forward. Reaching tbe top of tbe hill on Cantey's left, and now ourselves under heavy fire, we were ordered to double-quick. We charg ed over tbe level space, down the descent and steep hill into tbe slough. A few in tbeir zeal started up the hill beyond the slo-ugh, but were ordered back. All were ordered to lie down. Many of our comrades were left dead or wounded behind us. Cantey's brigade was not on our right as expected, nor did we again see anything of it during the battle. Two double lines of the enemy stood behind their breastworks in front. We waited half an hour for reinforcements and orders to advance. In the meanwhile the enemy were enfilading our position in the slough, and rapidly killing and wounding our men. While in this position lying on tbe ground John Reeves was on my left and between me and Lieut. A. Haley. Tbe latter called my at tention, and asked: "Isn't John killed?" I looked at Reeves. He had not changed bis position on tbe ground or even uttered a groan. Still, be was lying motionless and made no reply. A moment later I noticed the blood gushing from a wound in his bead. He was dead. Lieut. Haley is still (1904) living, I believe — perhaps at Tro)', Ala. Reinforcements never came, and instead of orders to advance we were, after heavy loss, ordered to fall back. Tbe retreat, as usual, was more disastrous than the advance, because tbe fire of tbe enemy was more delib erate, and in consequence more accurate ; and our men, now hav ing to move up bill instead of down, and being bot and fa tigued, required a longer time to recross the same space. Tbe (125) 78 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. regiment was re-formed on tbe same ground where it bad been first formed for tbe battle, and again charged into the slough, being ordered as before to halt and lie down. The enemy was now sweeping the slough with a leaden tempest. Men were be ing killed and wounded faster tban on the charge. After an other half hour we were ordered to fall back, and were again exposed to a fearful fire. Forming again at the same place we charged the third time into the same slough, and tbe third time were ordered to halt and lie down in this ravine of de struction. Again, after half an hour we were ordered back. Almost completely exhausted by heat and exertion, we could scarcely walk. Many did not attempt it; but, resigned to their fate, awaited death or capture. Others, mastering all their strength and courage, began the retrograde movement in a slow walk back across the open space. The ravine and field were thickly strewn with the dead and wounded of the regi ment, among the latter being our commander, Maj. S. L. Knox. I relate one incident of the last retreat as illustrating a com mon scene after battle. We bad passed nearly out of danger when I saw Lieut. W. A. Andrews of the Perote Guards fall. No litter-bearer being in sight, with a passing comrade I went to his assistance. The lieutenant was wounded in the ankle. We picked him up and were carrying bim from the field when be was again struck, tbe ball tbis time ranging diagonally through bis thigh and breaking the bone. He tumed pale and requested that we lay bim down and let him die. We procured a litter, placed bim on it, and had reached the edge of woods where the regiment first formed. Here, leaning calmly against a sapling on tbe bank of a stream, we came upon Sergt. Bryant Brooks of tbe same company. There was nothing in his ap pearance to indicate anything' serious. To my question whether he was hurt, be replied : "Yes, I suppose I bave my death wound," at tbe same time placing his hand upon his rigbt breast. Requesting a passing comrade to take my place under Andrews's litter, I stopped with Brooks. Having examined bis wound, and seeing that the ball bad probably passed through his right lung, I told him that bis condition was indeed serious; then, wishing to say something to cheer him, I added that such wounds were not always fatal, and that he must not give up hope of life. I^ooking me full in tbe face, he replied with earnestness and composure, in such a tone that I could not es- (126) Meridian, Mobile, and Ckorgia Campaigns. 79 cape some sense of reproach: "I have not the slightest hope of surviving this wound, but you know me well, and ought to know tbat I am not afraid to die." I replied that I knew be was not afraid to die, but I wished to hope tbat he would get well. He was a young man of 21, the picture of vigorous man hood, and had married but recently while at home on a fur lough. Not a more heroic death tban tbis was tbat of Sergt. Jasper, at Savannah, Ga., during our Revolution. Nor less he roic than tbat of Brooks was the death of a hundred or more of the First Alabama's bravest men just up the bill there, and along its crest, and in the slough beyond. In the meanwhile, evening twilight bad come, the firing had ceased, when I secured a litter and litter-bearers on which Serg.t Brooks was gently placed and borne to the filed hospital three hundred' yards distant, where I procured a cot and immediate medical attention. Here tbe scene was more distressing than the battle. A crude operating ta ble haid been erected under tbe trees around which for fifty yards tbe wounded were lying on tbe ground in ago nizing groans. Blood-stained litters were leaning about against trees, and over all, a few tallow candles cast their dim and flickering light. Watching my opportunity, I brought the surgeon to Brooks. He examined the wound, beckoned tbe assistant surgeon, both made a hasty examination; the two stepped back in consultation; the surgeon merely shaking his head negatively at me as be retumed hurriedly to the amputa tion table. Bidding my friend good-bye, I sought the camp of the regiment half a mile away. Sergt. Brooks died the next day. Lieut. Andrews's father lived about twenty-five miles from Atlanta, and two or three days later carried home his son by private conveyance, but the latter died only a few minutes before reaching tbe scenes of his boyhood. At tbe camp hardly one hundred' of tbe three hundred of the regiment tbat had entered tbe battle bad assembled. About 9 p. m. our commissary wagons arrived. We bad eaten nothing since breakfast. Here was another touching scene when the names of our dead and wounded were called to go up to the wagons and get their rations. After supper tbe companies of the regiment in groups were busy making out lists of tbeir respective dead and wounded. A few left in the ravine, having escaped Yankee bullets and becomii.g (127) 80 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. rested, made their way out under cover of darkness, and reached our camp. The amusing case was that of Private Wil- lingham, a tall, slender, . dark-skinned comrade, six feet bigh. On our first charge, as we were descending the bill, he fell for ward on his face, at the same time throwing his hand to his head. He thought he was killed and so did we. The next day he was found at the hospital not seriously hurt. A minie ball liad struck him in tbe forehead, and glancing had torn up the skin in an ugly, but not dangerous wound. To tbe question : "Why did tbe First Alabama halt in the slough instead of pressing on ?" we give tbe reason afterwards given by our offiicers ; namely, because Quarles's brigade, tbat went nearer the enemy's works than any other command, was wholly unsupported." Another version was that our assault was merely a demonstration to keep tbe enemy from reinforc ing his extreme right, tbe main point of our attack. It is cer tain that there were no reserves as should have been in an actual attack. The regiment's loss here, dead and wounded, was greater tban during tbe whole siege of Port Huason, and greater tban in any other battle in which the regiment was engaged, though, possibly the per cent of killed may bave been greater at Frank lin. The next moming, July 29, tbe remnant of tbe regiment was marched back to our old position along tbe breastworks above Atlanta. There was daily skirmishing until August 25, when Sherman, abandoning our front, swung around our left and met our forces at Jonesborough, where a hard battle was fought. From this time to Sept. 18, the regiment was on picket duty, reaching out as far as McDonough and Lovejoy station, camping at the latter place about two weeks. Here Hood abandoned Sherman's front, giving up to the latter all South Georgia for depredation and robbery, while the former marched northwards to Sherman's rear. Hood's design was to cut off Sherman from his base of supplies at Chattanooga and invade Tennessee. (128) Meridian, Mobile, and Ckorgia Campaigns. 81 MOVEMENT IN REAR OF SHERMAN'S ARMY, AND INVASION OF TENNESSEE. We left Lovejoy station Sept. i8, 1864, and tore up the Geor gia State Railroad to Dalton. Thence we turned southwest to Gadsden, Ala., and thence northwest to tbe south bank of the Tennessee river, opposite Florence, Ala., reaching the latter point Nov. 14, after a march of about 400 miles by the route we bad traveled. On tbis march we crossed tbe Chattahoochee river at Phillips ferry, near Palmetto, Ga. ; the Coosa river at Coosaville, Ga., and the Black Warrior near Summit, Ala. President Davis reviewed tbe army at Palmetto, and Gen. Beau regard at Tuscumbia, Ala. The army was eager for the latter to command us on our contemplated campaign in Tennessee. A few small garrisons left by Sherman were captured, ag gregating about 1,700 prisoners, but Gen. French's division' had been repulsed at Alatoona with heavy loss. At Decatur, Ala., there was a heavy skirmish in which our regiment lost one man killed. (129) CHAPTER V. THE TENNESSEE CAMPAIGN, 1864. TENNESSEE CAMPAIGN. The regiment left Decatur October 29, 1864, and pass'ng through Courtland and Jonesboro, reached Tuscumbia, where it remained about two weeks. On November 14, the army reached the south bank of the Tennessee river, opposite Flor ence, as before stated, and went into camps. On Nov. 20 the army crossed the river on pontoons, and entered upon the con- template'd invasion of Tennessee. Tbe day was cold, cloudy and windy, and scattering snowflakes were falling as Hood's aiTny, thinly clad, poorly shod and half-fed, marched through the streets of Florence to the promised land of Tennessee. A few ladies appeared on galleries and at windows, giving the usual salutation by waving handkerchiefs, but their tears re vealed that they were without any hope of success. We camped that night a few miles beyond Florence. The next day we crossed the State line designated by a sign-board which we loudly cheered. The fourth day after leaving Florence, we came to a large creek with a narrow valley walled in on both sides by high precipitous hills. Tbe regiment marched up this cr-eek the whole day, crossing it fourteen times on rude bridges hastily constructed by our pioneer corps. Bushwhackers hid den in the cliffs, would fire down upon us, and then escape through mountain passes unknown to our men. These bush whackers in the miOuntains of Tennessee and other border States were Union men not from patriotism, but for plunder and robbery. They were an infamous set from the first to the last of the war, murdering their neighbors and burning their property to a degree that put to shame the Tories of tbe Revo lution. While on this march quite a number of our stragglers captured by them were killed at once, while others reached us (130) Tbe Tennessee Campaign-, 1864. 83 with tbeir ears and noses cut off, or other evidences of barbar ous indignities. The better class of Tennesseeans sympathized with the South, but previous to Hood's invasion had been compelled to take the oath of allegiance to the United States and didn't dare show us any favors. So in either case, we found no friends in Tennessee. At Henryville, we emerged from the wildernees into a bet ter community and soon reached Mount Pleasant, the home of Ckn. Pillow, on the Columbia pike. Nov. 27 we arrived in front of Columbia, where we found tbe Federal army under Gen. Schofield intrenched. The march from Florence was made dnriug very cold weather and over frozen ground. Our rations were com and peas tbat vve gathered along the way and bread made of unbolted flour. Though we were in tbe land of plenty and were half starved. Gen. Hood allowed no depreda tions. About 9 p. m., November 28, an immense fire in Columbia revealed that the enemy was evacuating tbe town. By day light next moming our corps marched rapidly to the northwest and crossed Duck river on pontoons four miles above Colum bia. We then tumed north and parallel to tbe Franklin pike, and about two or three miles east of it. As the firing all day along the Franklin pike indicated, the enemy's retreat was being hotly pressed by Forrest, and a body of infantry. Our corps was on a forced march to pass the enemy and throw itself across the Franklin pike in front, thus cutting off his re treat. A short spell of warm weather had thawed the ground, and whether on bottom or hills, we sank at every step in mud over our shoes. Our line of march was over a cultivated and open country, tbe bigh bills and dense cornstalks presenting a serious impediment to progress. About 9 p. m. we were halted one-quarter of a mile from the Franklin pike north of Spring Hill, and in rear of Schofield, wbo was then being hard pressed at Spring Hill, by Forrest. Tbis day's march of twenty-eight miles by tbe route we bad traveled was the greatest tbe regi ment had evier performed. Stacking our arms and eating, we spread down our blankets upon tbe ground and were soon asleep, feeling sure tbat we bad tbe enemy bagged. We sup posed our corps extended across the Franklin pike. The ex treme right was in two hundred yards of it, as we saw next (131) 84 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. morning. Why were we baited just there, leaving a way for the enemy to escape after all our hard marching ? The reason (if there was a reason and it was not a blunder) is unknown to us. Had our corps been thrown across the pike, the battle of Franklin would have been fought at Spring Hill instead, and doubtless with different result. As it v\-as, Gen. Schofield, late in the night, retreated up the pike through the gap in our lines which looked like it bad been left expressly for his accommodation. Early next moming tbe army moved rapidly up the pike in pursuit of Schofield. The pike was strewn along with dead and wounded horses ; quartermaster, commissary, ordinance sto-res, etc., scattered everywhere along the way made evident the enemy's precipitate flight. BATTLE OF FRANKLIN. When about four miles from Franklin, our corps was de ployed to the right, formed in line, advanced towards Franklin, and soon struck a heavy skirmish line of the enemy. These were quickly driven through a large cornfield and skirt of wood to their defenses at Franklin. Hardly an hour before sunset Hood's army was drawn up in full view of the enemy intrenched behind two parellel lines of breastworks about one hundred and fifty yards apart. The outer line was an ordinary ditch two or two and a half feet deep; the inner line, a ditch three and a half feet deep and four feet wide with a thick and strong embankment along which were portholes for muskets and embrasures for artillery. At one point of the line in front of an old gin house there was a strong redoubt about fifty feet long, whose ditch was five feet wide and four feet deep and rampart four feet high, making eight feet from the bottom of the ditch to the top of the parapet. The space between the two armies was about six hundred yards from which all under growth had been removedl, leaving a park of a few large trees. The gro'und in our front towards the enemy was : a ravine, gradual ascent through the park to the outer line; and a level old pasture to the inner line. The army itself of about 18,000 ragged and half-starved men with tattered banners having accomplished a long and arduous march of five hundred miles across tbe mountains of Georgia and Tennessee, and facing double its numbers recalls (132) The Tennessee Campaign, 1864. 85 vividly the shattered army of Harmibal when, after its terrible passage of tbe Alps, it Vi'as drawn up in line of battle before the well appointed legions of Scipio on the plains of tbe Ticinus. While in this position, momentarily expecting the order to advance. Gen. Forrest, mounted on his black charger, hat in band down by his side, his face radiant and dark eyes flashing, rode down our front. The men, already eager for the fray, caught his enthusiasm, cheered him to the echo, and began ad vancing before tbe order was given. Across tbe ravine, on through the park, officers in front, and men still cheering, moved the army in unbroken phalanx. When about one hundred yards from, the outer line we received the first volley from the enemy. The command "double quick" was given, cheers were changed to rebel yells, officers still in front, we charged the outer line. The rattle of musketry now drowned all commands of officers, and here, Capt. Dick Williams, acting Lieut.-Col. of the regi ment, walking backwards to face the regiment as officers fre quently do on drill, would wave his sword rigbt and left, and then thrust it forward toward the enemy, indicating thus by acts instead of words, what he would have us do. Tbe outer line was quickly carried, from which very few of the enemy es caped. Here, perhaps, there was a pause of half a minute until tbe outer line could be swept of tbe enemy, and a rea lignment made. By this time, owing to the stillness and rarity of the atmosphere, the smoke of musketry had settled in such a dense bank over the field in front, that friend could not be distinguished from foe at a distance of a few steps. The en emy, four lines deep behind strong entrechments, were sweep ing the old field between us with minie balls, and a battery of siege guns to our right and beyond Big Harpeth river was tear ing up the ground and knocking trees into fragments around it. Through a dense smoke and tempest of iron, our officers still leading, and the rebel veil still ringing, the army in per fect order charged tbe inner line. Of tbe nature of the works of the enemy, we could have no conception until within a few feet. Dead and wounded had fallen at every step of our ad vance, and our ranks were badly thinned. When the number and position of the enemy stood revealed, every old Confederate saw that it was to be a fight of one to two with an enemy strongly intrenched ; but despising numbers or advantage of po sition thev leaped down into the ditch, climbed up tbe embank- (133) 86 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. ment enveloped in a sheet of fire, and from the ramparts dis charged tb-dr pieces in the face of tbe enemy, and with butts of guns closed in a hand to hand grapple with the foe. Here the intrepid Cleburne, leading his -division at tbe head of his old brigade (Govans') fell across the breastworks with the re puted dying words : "I am killed, but my old Arkansas brigade is glory enough for one man," — dying words worthy of his he roic life. Maj. Samuel L. Knox, the brave commander of the First Alabama, was lying a few steps away, having been mor tally wounded at the head of bis regiment. But of the field thickly strewn withi dead and wounded, and of the almost to tal annihilation of officers, our men engaged in a life and death struggle had neither knowledge nor thought. The enemy was brave, and had every advantage, but men have nevier been made so brave as to be wholly unmoved by such audacity as the Coo- federates exhibited. The Federal line reeled and staggered under our heavy blows and were saved from utter route only by the most strenuous efforts of their officers. One hundred yards to our left tbeir lines and batteries were carried. If at this crisis Johnson's division, held in reserve, had come to our assistance, the field would have been instantly won. As it was, the unequal contest on the breastworks was maintained hardly more than a minute, when our men took tbe ditch on the oppo site side, and fought the enemy across the ramparts, muzzle to muzzle. The -enemy soon began enfilading our lines, and after half an hour's fighting in this position, and hoping in vain for Johnson's reserve, it was plain tbat we' must escape by flight back to our lines, or be captured or killed. Especially de structive was the enemy's cross fire upon tbe Confederates in the outer ditch of the redoubt, where the embankment was too high for the men to climb. A few surrendered, but most took chances of escape, protected somewhat by tbe smoke and dark ness. The position- of the First Alabama was in front of the redoubt and to tbe left. Hood bad used only two pieces of artillery in the battle, but about 8 p. m. and after tbe Confed erates bad fallen back, be opened a heavy cannonade on the enemy's lines, and followed it up with a charge of Johnson's division, but was repulsed with great loss. Until midnight, and long after all the attacks from the Confederates had ceased, the enemy kept up an incessant fire to tbe front as if Confederates were charging. It was nearly day when the en- (134) The Tennessee Campaign, 1864. 87 emy's pickets fired their last gun, and hastened to join their comrades then retreating up the Nashville pike, beyond Big Harpeth river. It seldom happens in any battle that the ratio of killed to wounded is so great as was in tbis, and tbe reason is plain. It being night no flag of truce could be obtained for the re moval of the wounded. As the enemy swept the field in front until a late hour at night every wounded soldier not able to carry himself from the field, nor reached by a litter-bearer, was shot to death where he fell. Never at any time did we see a litter-bearer on the battle field at Franklin. Either none were there, or else they shirked their duty in a cowardly manner, and are responsible for so many wounded soldiers losing their lives. Many of the First Alabama were mangled beyond recognition, and could be identified only by their clothing. Sam Chappell of Co. G, a youth of 18, was an example, whose body had been pierced by seventeen minie balls. Viewed next morning by daylight, the space between the outer and inner lines to the right of the pike was heartrending. Gen. Hood is said to have wept when he beheld it. The bodies of our dead (for there were no wounded on tbe field tbe next moming) lay thicker and thicker as you go from the outer to the inner line, and in the ditches thev were literally banked up three or four men deep. Tbe immense ditch in front of the redoubt was nearly full of our dead. There were also many lying along the top of tbe breastworks, and some even within the enem-y's lines. While tbe loss of men was great, that of officers was much greater, owing to their reckless exposure. Among the killed were: Maj. -Gen. Clebume and Brig.-v.Tens. Gist, Adams, Strahl and Granbury. Among the wounded were Maj .-Gen. Brown and Brig.-Gen. Custer, Manigault, Quaries, Cockrell and Scott. I shall not pause to refute the absurd story that Ckn. Hood next moming spoke disparagingly of the conduct of his army at the battle of Frankhn. (ien. Hood was incapable either of falsehood or impropriety. BATTLE OF NASHVILLE. After burying our dead we took a last farewell of our loved commander, Maj. S. L. Knox, marched two miles up big Har peth river and encamped for the night. Next morning Me (135) 88 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. crossed the river, swung around to our left, and struck the Nashville pike four miles above Franklin. About 9 a. m., Dec. 3, we came in view of the enemy, in trenched on a range of hills extending across the Hillsborough and Franklin pikes, and three miles south of Nashville. Tbe position of the Confederates on the left of tbe Franklin pike occupied by our (Stewart's) corps was a valley bounded on the north, west and south by a range of high hills, and on the east by the Franklin pike, forming a rectangle one and a half miles north and south, and three- fourths of a mile east and west. Driving back the enemy's skirmishers we intrenched at the foot of the hill two hundred yards before the position of the enemy, and facing north. At the western extremity of our line we con structed a redoubt, which our regiment occupied a few days, and then turned over to the defense of barefooted men, moving back a quarter of a mile into the valley. We all knew from tbe activity of railroads and steamers in Nashville that tbe en emy was hourly receiving heavy reinforcements. Our men were daily occupied in strengthening our works, the weather was intensely cold, snow several inches deep covered the frozen ground, and one-third of our men without shoes, were going about with their feet wrapped with rags while the rest were poorly shod. Details were sent out -every morning in the country to impress leather, and all the old shoe cobblers in the army were pegging away. Even in tbis extremity the citizens showed us no substantial sympathy, but looked at us askance when v^^e made kno-wn our mission, and told them we would pay fancy prices in Confederate money. We got no leather except what we found concealed, and which the owners let us have out of sheer respect for our muskets. Every farm-house we visited had its hogs, goats, and sheep imprisoned under tbe bouse; while horses, mules and cows were penned up in the chimney corner. In Tennessee as in Maryland, "We found the patriots very shy," and yet these people were truly loyal to tbe South. As previ ously stated, most of our barefooted men were put in the re doubt on the extreme left. About 2 p. m., Dec. 15, 1864, the enemy fiercely attacked our extreme right, at tbe same time charged the center, of which our regiment was a part. Though the enemy was much supe- (136) Tbe Termessee Campaign, 1864. 89 rior in position and number, every charge was promptly met and repulsed in front of our regiment. Hood seemed to think that the main attack would be made on tbe right and drew off several commands from center and left to support it. But the attack on the rigbt proved a feint tbat deceived Hood. When Gen. Thomas saw tbis, he marched his heavy column, already masked opposite the redoubt, quickly drove out the barefooted men, and began descending the hill on the immediate flank and rear of our regiment. For fifteen minutes the perfomance would have been most laughable, had it not been so serious. It was laughable anyway, and we did laugh, notwithstanding Yankee bullets. The barefooted men were scattered and run ning in every direction, except towards the enemy, not only with the agility of well shod men, but of men with springs in their shoes. Two divisions of Cheatham's corps from the right were throv/n across tbe enemy's advance, and held him at bay until night. The behavior of these two divisions, fighting great odds in open field on level ground, and in full view of a large part of tbe army, won tbe highest admiration of all. During the night tbe army fell back about a mile, and lines were reformed. Hillsborough pike bad been occupied by the enemy, leaving tbe Franklin pike our only line of communica tion. The position of Stewart's corps during the second day's battle extended half a mile west from tbe Franklin pike along a valley to the foot of tbe range of high hills on our left as we faced north. This range of hills, rising abmptly to a height of two hundred feet, covered with scrub timber and ledges of rock, continued its course south one-fourth of a mile, when de flecting east nearly at rigbt angles, extends to the Franklin pike, this last range being in rear of and parallel to our lines. The east part of tbis rectangle formed by the Franklin pike on the east, our line on the north, and the range of high hills on the v/est and south, was a forest of large timber without underoTOwth ; tbe western part, an open old pasture. Bates' division occupied the side and top of the hill on our left, sup porting a battery of two small guns. The position of the reg iment was in trenches behind a stone fence, fronting a corn field and about two hundred yards east of the foot of the hill. \ Jew davs of warm sunshine had melted the snow and thawed the ground, so tbat this now old miry cornfield thickly covered (137) 90 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. with large cornstalks, was a formidale obstacle to approach in our front. About 9 a. m. the enemy opened a heavy cannonade along our whole front. Half an hour later they charged the posi tion of our regiment with three lines of battle, and up against Bates' battery on our left. Their progress was slow and disor derly, and for two hundred yards they were under the fire of our regiment, now armed with Enfield rifles, and tbeir dead and wounded sprinkled well our front. They came within twenty yards of our line, and then fled, falling thicker now and faster than before. About 2 p. m. another assault was made, but also repulsed. The main attack all day had been directed mainly against the position held by Bates' division and battery on top of tbe hill. Our line at Bates' battery turned at right angles due south along the top of this range of hills, and the enemy seemed to regard this as the key toi the situation. There had been one continuous assault on it from the beginning of the battle, but was bravely defended by a single line of Confederates. The enemy, in the meanwhile had kept extending his line south from Bates' division, on top of tbe hill, and by 12 o'clock had reached a point where the range turns due east to the Franklin pike, and in our rear. It was plain that the enemy's object was to- extend this flanking column to the Franklin pike before night, and cut off our retreat. When not engaged we were interested specta tors of this hard battle on top of tbe bill distinctly marked by two parallel lines of fire. About 4 p. m. and when the flanking column of the enemy on tbe bill was about one-fourth of a mile from the pike, Bates' position and battery, after a most heroic defense, were carried by the enemy. This occurred in full view of the First Alabama. The enemy pouring through tbis open ing in our line began moving upon the left flank and rear of our regiment. At the same time we were charged by a heavy force in front. We retreated down our trenches to the right, loading and firing upon the charging force in front. We looked and hoped for reinforcements, but Hood, in fact, had none to send. The First Alabama went down tbe trenches one- fourth of a mile, firing as rapidly as possible until the enemy in front was hardly ten steps away. Here it was clear that we must surrender, or at great peril to our lives attempt to escape. A few chose the former; others, throwing down tbeir guns, (138) Tbe Tennessee Campaign, 1864. 91 cutting off cartridge boxes and belts, but keeping canteens, hav ersacks and blankets, sprang up from tbe ditch and made a dash for liberty through the park for the bill in tbe rear, four hundred yards distant, over which led their only way of escape. Still under fire, we climbed its side so precipitous in some places that we had to pull ourselves up by switches projecting from fissures of rock. Some were killed and wounded in this as cent of the hill. After crossing this hill, and two or three oth ers intersecting it on the south, we reached the Franklin pike about dark, and just as a slow rain began falling. Nowhere else has such injustice been done the Confederate soldier as at the battle of Nashville. The facts and conditions considered, no battlefield of the South more fully illustrates bis superior quality as a soldier, contending as he was with an en emy so vastly superior in numbers, appointments and physical condition. If we analyze bis conduct during these two days, we shall find nothing to censure. The flight of barefooted men made up of odds and ends of the army and under officers un known to them, could not be considered any discredit to tbe array. The conduct of Cheatham's two divisions, holding in check a much larger force on the first day's battle, was most heroic. Bates' defense of his position for seven hours against overwhelming odds, and never yielding until his little band were nearly all dead or wounded in the trenches, and dead and wounded Yankees were literally piled up in his front for fifty yards, is entitled to the highest admiration. Bates did that day the hardest fighting of all, though he was at last overcome by sheer physical force. Again, after our lines were broken, the Confederates retreated in a walk down tbe trenchles, at the same time firing as rapidly as they could at the enemy charging our front. Surely there was no evidence of panic in that. The truth is, at no time was there anything like a panic among the men. When the alternative of capture or escape bad to be made, some chose tbe former, some the latter, but in either case the decision was made deliberately, and certainly it took some courage to attempt to escape under such circumstances. The popular impression is that a soldier never runs except when scared, but soldiers of experience know that it often requires o-reater bravery to run than to charge a fort. Again, we killed and wounded many times more Federals at Nashville than they did of Confederates. (139) 92 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. This was the last battle that the Army of Tennessee fought under Gen. Hood as commander, and it is seen tbat one un broken series of disasters fully justifies the apprehension of the army when he took command. Gen. Hood was one of the bra vest of the brave, and we do not think his proven incompetency to comraand the array detracts one jot from his distinguished services to his country. The sarae raisfortune might bave be fallen any other subordinate general of tbe army. RETREAT FROM TENNESSEE. Resuming, the army, in a totally disorganized condition, t-amped on all night through rain and slush down tbe Frankl-n pike. The next day the commands were practically reorgan ized at Franklin. Four days later we reached Columbia, where we remained nearly a week. Here Forrest's cavalry, and Wal- tl-ell's division, to which our regiment belonged, were formed into a rear guard toi cover the retreat of the army. These corn - bined aggregated only about 2,000 effective men, but success fully resisted every advance of the eneray, several times driving them back in disorder, capturing men, guns, etc., and securing to the army a safe and orderly retreat. While at Columbia snow fell to a depth of several inches, and tbe pike all tbe way thence to Pulaski was flecked by blood of our barefooted raen on the white snow. At Pulaski the array left the pike, and marched two days southwest across a hilly country. The third day we came to a creek the valley of which we descended a Vv'hole day, crossing it raany times on pole bridges constructi'd by our pioneer corps. Leaving this, we again marched across a hilly country to Shoal creek which, swollen by the reci.'nt heavy rains to- a width of tw-o hundred yards, presented a se rious obstacle to our advance. However, being shallow, it was passed by deep fording. (140) CHAPTER VI. CAMPAIGN IN THE CAROLINAS, 1864-1865 FIRST ALABAMA REGIMENT SENT TO NORTH CAROLINA BATTLES OF AVERYSBORO AND BENTONVILLE. The army recrossed the Tennessee river at Bainbridge, a few miles above Florence, Ala., Dec. 24, 1864. Reaching Corinth, tbe sick and barefooted were sent to hospitals, the rest of the array to join Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, who had superseded Gen. Hood and who was then opposing Sherman's march of lobbery and conflagration across the Carolinas. Our regiment bad about 100 effective raen and officers. Ev erywhere along our route frora Corinth to North Carolina were devastation, ruin, and crushed hopes. Still, with a sublime faith in our cause akin to inspiration, we were not at all affected by these facts, and could not entertain for a moment the thought that our banner would go down in defeat. This feeling in the army was not at this time fully shared by the people at bome. Our regiment was detained two weeks at Augusta, Ga., until it could be recruited by the return of our sick and barefooted. We left Augusta March 2 and joined Johnston's Army March 14, 1865, and on the i6th took part in the battle of Averysboro, in which our regiment escaped loss. On the 19th it participated in the last battle of the Army of Tennessee at Bentonvilk, N. C, where it forraed part of the charging force tbat storraed the Federal lines and drove tbem in confusion half a mile. In this last battle several of the regiment were killed and wounded, among the former being Lieut. Williamson of Co. C, (Guards of the Sunny South.) Thus the glorious "Old First," that had been tbe first to take up arms in defense of tbeir rights and homes, left some of its best life's blood on its last battlefield, having nowhere at any time ever failed of its duty, and having received special men- (141) 94 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. tion for commendable conduct in the official report of every coraraander under whom it had served: — an imperishable honor to every one of its merabers, and to tbeir descendants forever. While on one point I cannot speak authoritatively for other companies of the regiment, I raay be permitted to speak of my own (Perote Guards), and from this the reader may judge the others. A muster roll of tbe company recently compiled ( 1902) by the survivors, shows 197 raen. Not one of these ever de serted, put a substitute in his place, or attempted to evade the Confederate service by exemption laws, or by any other means. All except tbe few that lived to return bome, are on tbe battle fields and in tbe Confederate cemeteries of the North. And this, too, when most members of the company were sons of per sons of ample means, who could have easily secured their free dom from service. FINAL SURRENDER OF ARMY. On April 27, 1865, the regiment was surrendered by John ston to vSherraan at Greensboro-, N. C, paroled, and the m'en immediately set out for tbeir respective homes, which some did not reach until July. How this same Confederate soldier, returning with blasted hopes to homes of destitution and desolation, and despite car petbag rule for ten years, lifted our Southland from the ashes of despair and placed it on tbe high road to prosperity and hap piness, forms another and more heroic chapter in the history of bis achievements. (142) CHAPTER VII. REMINISCENCES AND INCIDENTS. The narrative history of the regiraent having been completed, I now propose to indulge in a chapter of reminiscences and in cidents. These, it is hoped, will prove interesting in themselves, and wortby of permanent preservation, although not forming a part of the regimental history proper. TWO ARKANSANS OUTGENERALED. While a Red river steamer was discharging its cargo of ba con at the landing, private I. H. Johnson of the Perote Guards, was sitting upon- the bluff overlooking the landing, an inter ested spectator of the scene below. The mysterious move raents of two Arkansas soldiers raixing with the boat hands at work especially excited his curiosity. He kept his eye on thera. Sure enough the first opportunity that opened, when tbe backs of the boat hands were turned, they grabbed each a side of ba con and ran off. An idea struck Johnson. His camp was not a hundred yards away while that of the Arkansas men was half a mile distant with a skirt of forest intervening. Johnson rushed to his camp, quickly donned a sergeant's coat, picked up a file of men and dashed off around the skirt of woods in his "flank movement." He intercepted and arrested the Ar kansans, started to camp with prisoners and spoils, but soon halted for a parley. Our pro tem sergeant expressed deep sympathy to and for his prisoners, saying that be knew rations were short; that be thought it bard, under the circurastances, for soldiers to- be court-martialed, and probably balled and chained for a month merely for trying to get something to eat ; and then intimated tbat if he could do so with safety to himself he would turn thera. loose, but that be would be obliged to carry tbe bacon to camp and raake bis report. The Arkansans (143) 96 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. eagerly accepted this proposition, and in less tban half an hour "our sergeant" came marching back to camp, each of his men with a side of bacon and cheered by the whole corapany. I can't say whether or not our "sergeant" ever reported this haul to headquarters, but it has always been our private opinion tbat Lee's veterans never got any of that meat. BEEF HEADS. As our allowance of beef became more and more stinted, the men would occasionally supplement with a beef-bead from tbe slaughter pen, half a mile distant. These beef-beads cost noth ing, except to go and get thera, and when properly prepared and well cooked, raade, as we then thought, a raost delicious dish. Each member of the mess would take his turn in going for a head. My turn came, and I went. Then I wished I had never seen the place. The slaughter pen stood at the bead of a rav ine whose walls were steep and twenty feet high. Into this great trough the offal, filth, and such beef-heads as bad not been given away, hiad been "dumped" for raany months. It was a loathsome, sickening sight, covering about a fourth of an acre, standing four or five deep in the lob-lolly about the consistency of mud, with beef-heads floating about at random and in vari ous degrees of submergence, some just thrown in and on top of the surface, some buried to tbe roof of the homs, some with half tbe horns, others with barely tbe tips of the horns projecting above this vast slough of slime, the whole in a seething ferment with worms, each working as energetically as a Yankee trying to drive a trade. It was here, according to Col. Steedman, that a picked body of Federals tried to "sneak through our lines" on a stormy night during the siege ; and it was this place that he 'describes by tbe undignified, though not inexpressive term, of "putrid mess." Nevertheless, I soon secured ray beef head and carried it to camp. As I walked up and threw down my prize before the cook-stand of the mess, a comrade lying stretched out half asleep on a rough bench lazily drolled out. "Here's yer beef bead." "Yours," said I, indignantly, "not mine. I shall never again taste beef-head hash." And I have not. (144) Reminiscences and Incidents. 97 ASLEEP ON HIS POST. The Perote battery at Port Hudson was less than one hun dred yards from the camp of the company and in full view of the whole carap of the regiraent. On one occasion I had charge of the night guard at our regiraental batteries along the river. The Perote Guards had been working that day at our battery, and using a pair of skids twelve inches square, which they had left on top- of the battery lying one across the other, a terapting seat to sit down and lean back. We were so near our camp that the guard occupied their tents while not on post, as did also the corporals of the guard. Just before day the relief to our battery was sent out. It was a foggy, chilly, drowsy morning in the spring. The relief had a white blanket thrown over his shoulders. About dawn I accidentally, or providentially, walked out of my tent and looked towards our battery. To ray horror the guard was sit ting down on that lower skid and leaning back against the up- » per one, evidently fast asleep. I hastened to the post. He was ray friend, my class-mate in Latin and Greek, O'f high social position at horae. More, he was a true, brave. Confederate soldier. Not . for tbe whole world would he have purposely done this. He yielded to tbe temptation of this inviting seat, and sleep steathily overcame hira. But what shall I do? It was a terrible dileraraa. The penalty of the offense to him is death. Unless I report hira, I am guilty as he. I glanced searcbingly over the camp of the regiraent toi see if there was any witness except myself. Twice more I did the same. Few had risen from their night's rest, and were stirring around. I will wake bim. If reported myself, I shall make a clean breast of the whole affair to Col. Steedman, and to Lieut.-Col Locke. They will exonerate me. All these thoughts flashed through my mind during the few seconds I had paused and was stand ing over my sleeping comrade and friend. Then with both hands I grabbed and shook him violently. Startled, and with a cry of terror he sprang to his feet, his large gray eyes flashed widely open, and looking as wild as a maniac. He fully re alized his situation. Without a word be went to pacing his beat. I sat down on tbe skid. I occasionally glanced at his face as he went back and forth on his beat, and saw plainly de picted there the fearful agony within. During these moments 7 (145) 98 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. he doubtless bad before bim visions of dungeons and being shot. I too was distressed on his account, for I loved him much. Then I arose, walked with him on his beat and said: "Give yourself no fears ; I shall not report you." Wbat a change came over his face! And I bave kept ray promise to this day. I have m,any times related the incident since the war, yet no one save myself knows or has ever known who it was. A year later this comrade died at home while on furlough and convalescing frora a severe attack of typhoid fever, and while our regiment was at Mobile. MIKE BROGAN WOUNDED ^AN INCIDENT OF PORT HUDSON, 1863. Before light on the morning of May 27 ,1863, Lieut.-Col. M. B. Locke, coramanding our regiment, ordered me to take a file of men, go down our lines to an eminence about 600 yards distant to the left of our regiment, this position affording a commanding view of a clearing in Big Sandy swamp across which the enemy were expected to pass in their contemplated attack on Port Hudson tbat day, and as soon as they passed, to report to him. About sunrise the enemy began to advance, and were raet by Confederates down in the swarap half a raile in front of our breastworks, where tbe fighting soon became vigor ous and general all along our entire front. We bad only a heavy skirmish line engaged with a heavy force of tbe enemy, and about 8 a. ra. this began to retreat to our breastworks, closely followed by the eneray in force. There were, in our front, many small elevations or knolls and these the Federals quickly covered with batteries of Parrott guns, opening at once a bombardment of our position. The Federal infantry, during this time, had halted about 300 yards in our front down under cover of the woods, and were reforming their lines preparatory to an attempt to sto-rm our breast works. By 9 a. ra. it was plain to rae that tbe enemy had reached a position between the clearing and our lines without having crossed tbe clearing I bad been sent to watch, and tbat I could not longer be of service here. I so stated to ray men, Mike Brogan and Joe (P J.) Blue, and told them' -we must go- to our regiment. In leav ing this position I was theoretically disobeying my orders, but I felt sure Col. Locke would approve my course, and be did afterwards not only approve, but compliraented me for this (14^;) Reminiscences and Incidents. 99 course. Tbe enemy by this tirae were sweeping tbe old field in rear of our lines, and to reach our regiment was a dangerous undertaking. Blue and Brogan protested vehemently against it. To them it seeraed both rash and contrary to ray orders. There were not, in my opinion, braver men or better soldiers in the Confederate army tban Blue and Brogan. Either was much braver than I, but I could not endure the thought of re maining there idle during a great battle in which the best ser vices of every mam would be needed ; and I was firm in my de cision to go to our regiment. Pointing to a ravine about 200 yards distant, I said: "We can make our way to that, and thence, with very slight exposure, descend the ravine to within 100 yards of our regiraent." We all dashed out together into tbe shower of lead and reached the head of the ravine in safety. Then we went down tbe ravine whose walls were very abrupt and 25 or 30 feet high, to a spring about 100 yards in rear of our regiment. We were tired and hot, and after taking a good drink of water sat down to cool and rest in this delightful re cess of dense shade. The men of our regiment had worn a path on the western wall ^ of the ravine, going back and forth for water. While sitting here cooling and resting for tbe final dash of 100 yards to our regiment, the enemy had put in posi tion a strong battery in front of Capt. Meadows' battery on the extrerae right of our regiraent, and opened up a furio-us fire of grape and shrapnel — mostly the latter — and it so happened tbat the path up the bluff was on a direct line with the position of Meadows' battery, and that of the eneray; so that the shot di rected against the former swept the path. The enemy's battery was firing so rapidly tbat a volley of shrapnel crossed our path about every ten seconds, and, as it was difficult of egress frora the spring any other way, it looked like we were bottled up, and that even without any intention or knowledge of the Yankees. This volley swept a space of about fifteen or twenty feet across tbe path, and so dense with bullets that hardly a sprig of grass was spared. The question now before us was, could we three, ascending that steep bluff in single file, pass across tbe destructive space during tbe inter mission of volleys. I thought it doubtful, my conrades declared it would be certain death. From our position we could see our lines, and from tbe rattle of musketry I knew that a hard fight was on ; and I was determined to reach ray regiment. I (147) 100 First Alabama Regiment, C S. A. told the boys that, if we would be ready, and make a rush up the bluff just after one volley passed, we could get beyond the range before the next volley. As I had: directed we made a dash up the hill, I ahead, Joe Blue next, and Brogan bringing up the rear, each of course running as fast as he could, and slow at that on account of the steepness of the bluff. Just as I reached the top I heard the volley sweep across the path be hind me. I instinctively tumed and looked back. At the same moment Brogani uttered a cry of agony. I had looked just in time to see hira falling. He was twenty feet behind rae, and Blue about raidway between us. No- time was to be lost. Brogan was lying wounded on the edge o-i the volley range, and in a few seconds be would be exposed again. How seriously Brogan was wounded we did not know, but I feared mortally. With all speed Blue and I rushed to- his relief, picked him up and hastily as we could hurried back down the bluff, just clear ing the range as tbe next volley swept the path. We took Brogan to the spring, bathed him in cool water, giving him plenty to drink. He was suffering intensely and bleeding pro fusely. We felt some measure of relief to find that his wound was not mortal. But bis agonizing groans and shrieks were distressing. He was in a state of deliriura, and raved like a mad-man, so that we could hardly do anything with hira. Dur ing these paroxysras he frequently roared out : "Ed, you are the whole cause of this ; you caused me to be shot down like a beef — murdered." When I pointed out that it was our duty to get to our regiment, he would quiet down and say : "Oh, no I no, no, no ! You are not to blame ; you were doing your duty. I do not blarae you." We spread down his blanket on the ground, raade a swing by fastening both ends of his other blanket to the limb of a sapling, placed his wounded foot in the swing about two feet above the ground. This elevation of his feet gave him great relief, and he becarae quiet. I was de-" tained by this occurrence about half an hour raore. I left Bro gan in care of Blue with directions to get hira to the hospital as soon as he could, and then running the gauntlet of shrapnel a second time without harm, and also the space of about lOO yards between the ravine and my regiment, I reached my com mand just as the first raan ("Zeke" Meredith) of my company was killed, and only a few minutes before the first great assault was made on our lines. (148) Reminiscences and Incidents. 101 A PIECE OF SHELL. During the last two or tliree weeks of the siege of Port Hud son we had the Yankees so trained that when they started to make an assault on our position we would discharge a few voL leys from o-ur breast-works, when they would scamper back to the cover of the woods, and tbat would be the last of the fight ing for that day. We were rauch worn down physically by in cessant watching and fighting day and night during the preced ing weeks of the siege ; and our officers seeing they they co'ild do so with safety, allow two men daily from each company to go back to our camp on the bank of the river for a day's rest. Under this rule a corarade and myself were spending a day at camp, -where there was nothing to molest save a Yankee mcrtar battery out beyond our lines tbat was exploding a shell high above our camp about every half hour. These shells generally fell in small fragments in tbe camp, and to these we paid no attention ; but occasionally a bomb would burst into two or more large fragraents, and the descent of these frora so great a height, with ra,pidly increasing velocity, and resembling the sound made by the flapping of a large fowl, were always unwelcome intruders. We had taken our naps and were lying on our re spective bunks talking when one of these large fragments started homeward. At first we gave it no attention. On, on it came, the sound becoming more and more distinct, and the fragraent apparently coming down through our tent. We stopped talking and turned our eyes upwards towards tbe top of the tent. For several moments it seemed to be dancing along the ridge-pole of our tent. It did strike the ground in tbe very door of our tent, burying itself about one and a half feet in tbat hard ground. On another occasion, a corarade was lying in bis tent asleep with his head on his knapsack, when a minie ball from tbe en emy's line half a raile away, passed through his tent cloth and knapsack. The comrade, I believe, was Sergeant Owen Dykes. (149) 102 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. DARING ESCAPE OF LIEUTS. E. J. M. PADGETT, OF THE PEROTE GUARDS, AND WM. F. CLEMENTS, OF THE GUARDS OF THE SUNNY SOUTH, FROM PORT HUDSON^ LA.^ IN JULYj 1863. In the Fall of 1876 Lieut. Padgett then, as now (1904), en gaged in orange culture near Leesburg, Fla., made a tour of several mo-nths araong his old frknds in South Alabama. He was suffering from chronic chills. I was then principal of the Rutledge (Crenshaw co-unty) High School, and Lieut. Padgett spent ai week with me at ray residence. At this tirae tbe war was still rauch talked of by surviving Confederates, and it was during one of these conversations that I was reminded of the escape of himself and Cleraents from Port Hudson, and asked him to state to me the particulars of that famous adventure. Tbis he did, after-wards writing out, at my request, tbe whole story which I subsequently had published in the Union Springs Herald. When Port Hudson was surrendered, July 8, 1863, the men were paroled but the officers were reserved for north ern prisons. Tbe officers had before tbem tbe prospects of long imprisonraent, untold suffering and probably death in far away northern prisons. Tbis was to be dreaded raore tban death on the battlefield. Under far different conditions-, indeed, did the raen and officers of the First Alabaraa Regiraent part on the bank of the ivj ississippi at Po-rt Hudson- — ^the former on parole with the pleasing anticipation of meeting loved ones again in tbe old Alabaraa horaes ; tbe latter, for northern prisons. Hor rors of prison life it was that led so raany officers of the little Port Hudson Army to take their lives in their hands and risk all to effect their escape. Several other officers of our regi raent made good their escape through the Federal lines, but we can recall none other now (1904) save tbat of the lion-hearted Richard Williams, captain of the Clayton Guards. What his personal experience was we shall probably never know, for he bas left us no written record ; but, whatever his perils and vicis situdes, we feel perfectly assured of one fact — ^that bis iron nerve was equal to every emergency. Nor did the Southern Army furnish to tbe Southern Cause two higher examples of courage and nerve than in the persons of Lieuts. E. J. M. Pad gett and Wm. F. Clements. (150./ Reminiscences and Incidents. 103 When I was principal of the Fort Deposit Institute (189 1-2), Lieut. Clements was living and merchandising in tbat town, as be bad been doing since the close of tbe war, and having been shown by me tbe story of Lieut. Padgett in reference to tbeir escape from Port Hudson, be affirmed every word to be trae and correct. Lieut. Clements died in 1901 or 1902. But to the story of Lieut. Padgett under date of September 15, 1876: I bad been in tbe ditches for about fifteen days, the other officers of our company all being sick. The day of the surren der I was relieved and went back to camp to change my cloth ing. I had dressed and was sitting in a tent playing a game of chess with Prof. F. T. Chase when the news of our surrender reached me. I iraraediately went and procured some shelled corn, parched it, went to a hand-mill we had, and ground it into hominy. I then mixed with it about one-third sugar, making it much more palatable than the mule beef which, you remember, we had been subsisting on for several days. When I got my haversack of parched com and sugar, I began to cast about for sorae reliable man to go with me; for I determined to make a desperate attempt to effect my escape from Port Hud son. I raet up with Lieut. Wm. F. Clements who said he was willing to join me in the undertaking. Our plan was to wait till dark, get a little boat and try to pass down through tbe Yankee fleet lying about three miles below us. Our hope was by rowing as near the fleet as we deemed prudent, and then scuttling our boat and letting ber float down tbe stream that we could raake our way through their line of gunboats. But when we got near enough to obtain a full view, we recognized the impossibility of tbis plan from the compact line of Yankee crafts strung, chain-like, across the river, thus enabling those to inspect minutely even a passing log or chunk. After a mo ment's consultation we determined to- raake for tbe opposite, or east bank of the river. Tbe night being a little cloudy inspired us with sorae hope of success. When we got within, I sup pose, two hundred yards of the bank, we were challenged with : "Who coraes dere?" I replied "friends," and iraraediately turned about and and told Clements to pull for life back to camps. We had gone but a little ways when the challenging (151) 104 First Alabaraa Regiraent, C. S. A. party fired upon us, and almost instantly a long line of picket fire was opened upon us from along the shore. We escaped untouched and rowed our boat safely back to carap. We got back between raidnight and day and found tbe encarapraent all astir. The Yankees had issued rations to our raen, every raess had a big fire, and the hungry rebels were up cooking. Clem ents and I filled our haversacks and started again, determined this tirae to escape through the raain line of the eneray. We thought it a life and death case, for, you remeraber. Gen. But ler at New Orleans had issued orders that all officers of tbe Confederate army captured should be held as hostages for any of his men who should suffer violence at our bands. While at the front I bad noticed that there were no breast- wo-rks across tbe ravine (for location of tbis ravine see map of Port Hudson, just in rear and east of tbe First Alabama reg iment) between our right and the I2tb Arkansas on our right, and told Clements we wo-uld make for that ravine. We struck tbe ravine about two hundred yards in rear of the breastworks, conjecturing tbat the Yankees had posted a strong picket on this line. We thought to approach their picket lines as near as possible and conceal ourselves during the next day, hoping by some good fortune to get into possession of tbeir counter sign. We crawled upon our bands and knees until we thought we were near enough their line, and fortunately just in front of us was a large: patch of briars. With our pocket knives we cut our way in under these briars. Not long after we got still we heard heavy breathing as of some one asleep. Clements whis pered to me that it was Capt. Williams' squad of the Clayton Guards — that he bad beard in camp tbat night that Capt. Wil liams would atterapt to raake bis escape. Clements, wbo had been eating raw beef-tongue, and, it very salty and dry, was nearly dead for water, and proposed that he crawl up to the supposed Capt. Williams and get some water from him. As it was nearly day, I prevailed on bim to wait until daylight. When it grew light we found that we had crawled up within fifteen feet of a Yankee picket station, and there we bad to lie the whole day, not daring to move. You may talk about mos quitoes in Florida, but I never had tbem to bite me as they did in that briar patch. I would lift ray hand and rub thera off, and so soon as I would take my hand down they would cover my face again. Thus we suffered torments all that day which (152) Reminiscences and Incidents. 105 seemed to be an eternity. The mosquitoes bit the Yankees, too, for as soon as night came they built small fires at every picket post. We saw tbe Yankee officer of tbe day when he posted the pickets that evening, and heard bis instructions to tbe guard, but were not able to understand the countersign well enough for us to atterapt its use. The sergeant who relieved the guard about 9 o'clock reraarked to the relief that he suspected there were rebels in the v/oods, and that if anything made a noise in the bush to say "bold;" count one, two, three, and fire. We thought our chance slender, but still deterrained to risk it. So we crawled out frora the briars by the sarae way we went in, got midway bef\veen tbe picket posts, and stretched out our length flat on the ground, like a measuring worm length by length we went across the line. We wandered all night in and out of tbe enemy's breastworks until nearly day (having to crawl, our progress was very slow) when we came to a fence corner grown up thick with weeds and bushes. Here we lay concealed another day, seeing the Yankee army, except their pickets, going into Port Hudson. About 9 o'clock that night, the third night, we again started out from our place of conceal ment. We got along very well until we approached the cavr airy encampraent, where we knew we must pass another line of pickets. I proposed to Cleraents that I crawl up and hunt for the picket line, letting hira reraain where he was. I crawled up the bill and just on top I beard footsteps. I lay flat on the ground and soon discovered tbat the person, who ever he might be, was coming directly towards me. I lay as flat and still as possible, and soon realized tbat I had stopped iraraediately on tbe picket line. The sentinel walked up within ten feet of rae, held up his foot, struck a raatch and lit his pipe. I looked bim in tbe face until he turned about and marched up bis beat. Cleraents carae up quickly and we passed on. Soon we were in their camps and passing around their horses hitched by companies, frequently passing near the raen lying asleep un der the trees on great piles of cotton they had evidently stolen from the planters in the community. Clements proposed to seize each a horse and make a dash. I objected, saying we were doing well, and better let "well enough alone." Having to pass around so many camps and fires we lost our course, and as it was a cloudy night without a star, we could not recover it. We wandered about until nearly day, when finding that (153) 106 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. we would have to spend another day in the encampment, we began to look for a suitable place to conceal ourselves. We finally came, about daylight, to a newly felled tree. We got into tbe top, and by cutting brush with our knives, soon cov ered up ourselves. We lay there without a dlrop of water until about 4 p. m. when a hard rain carae up, and by rolling our hat briras on the side raanaged to catch enough water in our can teens for a good drink. Just before night three negro raen approached our tree top with axes. Clements said : "Padgett, we are gone up." But when tbe axmen approached nearer they decided, much to our relief, to cut down another tree. During the day we bad been able to get tbe right direction from the sun, and about 9 p. m. we again sallied forth, soon leaving the enemy behind us. When we struck the railroad Clements exclaimed : "We are safe now, and started down the road to wards Port Hudson, when I stopped him,- saying : "You are going back to Port Hudson." He contended, and I soon saw that we could not agree. I told him tbat, however rauch I dis liked it, we would separate, I taking the other end of tbe road. We discussed tbe seven stars, and he finally agreed to go with rae until both should decide that I was wrong and he right. We went on through a large plantation for some distance when we discovered woods in front. I remarked to Cleraents that tbe en.emy very likely had a strong rear guard as our Gen. Lo gan had been attacking their rear every day or two and that their rear picket line would probably be at the edge of tbe wood. We decided that I should slip along ahead and reconnoitre. While moving forward cautiously some ominous night fowl, making a strange shrill noise, flew a few feet in front of me. Already filled with presentiment, this caused rae to halt, when I distinctly heard horses staraping the ground in the woods. Thus was fancy, in a raanner strange enough, tumed into re ality. We hurriedly retraced our steps up the railroad, and turned out to surround tbe picket post. This we effected with ease, both exclairaing "Safe!" when we again reached the rail road beyond the pickets. We then raarched on for two hours and carae to very fine corn growing on each side of the track, frora which we knew we were outside the Yankee lines. Just then some half a dozen heads bobbed up above the cross ties, demanding "halt! halt!" and "click, click" went tbeir gun- locks, about twenty steps in our front. We stopped; neither (154) Reminiscences and Incidents. 107 Clements nor myself spoke a word. We scarcely breathed. One of the mysterious beads demanded : "Who comes there?" I waited for Clements, and he for me to speak. When tbe de mand was repeated I replied: "We are Confederate soldiers making our escape frora Port Hudson," a raoment's reflection convincing me tbat the quickest way to find tbem out was to let them know who we were. I then questioned them and ascer tained that they were Logan's men. I asked if we could ap proach. They replied that one of us could. I advanced and when within about five feet they ordered halt. We were dressed in Confederate officers' uniforms, which, doubtless looking blue at night, aroused some suspicion of deception. As I halted they asked whether we were armed. "Yes; with pistol and cutlass," I replied, observing at the sarae time that they were armed with double-barrel shotguns. We had a hard time re moving their suspicions as to ourselves, but they were finally convinced. Spending an hour or two with tbe "boys" we went on our way rejoicing, having been assured tbat there no Yan kees ahead. We marched till daybreak when we heard, about two hundred Awards to the left of the railroad, chickens crowing and somebody calling bogs. We went up, expecting tbe plan ter to give us a good breakfast. We found an old negro man and asked bim who lived there. He replied himself and old woman, stating that the white folks had all fled leaving him in charge of the place. Upon our asking for breakfast, be seeraed glad to accomraodate us, saying we could tell bis old woraan all about her young massa and the neighbors' boys who were soldiers at Port Hudson. The old woraan socwi had three chick ens on the table at our service. Tbe old raan watched for Yan kees while we ate breakfast. Nearly all three of tbe chickens dis appeared before our ravenous appetites, as did likewise a gal lon of buttermilk. Exchanging our parched corn for what of the old lady's breakfast was left, we bade her and the old man farewell and took the railroad. After traveling about a mile we tumed aside into a swamp and slept all day — ^the first sleep for three days. Tbat night we -walked to C!lintonville, about twenty miles; and, our feet being worn out walking on crossties, we hired a conveyance to carry us about forty miles when we set out on foot for Waynesboro, Miss., our nearest railroad point. (155) 108 First Alabama Regiraent, C. S. A. Clements and rayslelf arrived within about 30 railes of this town on Saturday evening, and decided to spend the Sabbath in this comra-unity. We were entertained by a pleasant fam ily, and the old man and myself went to church. I had to an swer a thousand questions from tbe curious crowd tbat gath ered around me. One man who had just heard of his son's being wounded at Jackson, said tbat be was going to the depot for him next moming, and proposed that if any of the crowd would furnish a horse or mule, be could fix a way for Clements and myself to ride. The arrangeraent being raade, Clements, tbe old man, the negro boy and myself set out next morning for the railroad. On tbe route we stopped at an old house in an old field to eat figs. I never before or since have seen such quantities and such fine ones. As I rode around a very large bush I discovered some one on the opposite side with a bucket. He caught sight of ray uniforra and broke for the woods. It struck rae in a moment that he was a deserter, and to bave some fun, I took after hira, occasionally firing my pis tol over his bead. After half a mile's run he dodged me in the woods. After this we proceeded on our joumey until within seven miles of Waynesboro. Here we were caught in a thun der storm, and sought shelter in a little bouse by the roadside. Riding rapidly up we threw our bridle reins over the corners of fences, and dashed into the bouse, frightening tbe old lady yery rauch. After a great dteal of persuasion she finally con sented for us to sleep in the piazza. After the rain, we put our horses in tbe lot, but saw there was nothing -with which to feed them except some green corn in the field. A feed of tbis for our horses we could neither beg nor buy of tbe old lady. I then told her that we would have to take it — tbat our stock must be fed. At this she became very wrathy and vowed vengeance if we cut ber corn. I cut down tbe com and the negro boy and myself fed the horses. Tbe old lady blamed me with it all. She offered Clements and! the old man a bed, but refused me even a quilt with which to make a pallet on the floor. However, I got the saddle blankets, spread tbem on the floor, and lay down. As the house had only one room the old lady went into tbe kitchen when we got ready to retire. Early next morning we resumed our journey, reaching Waynesboro two hours before train tirae. We went to the hotel and or dered breakfast. The landlord said it would be ready in a few (156) Reminiscences and Incidents. 109 minutes. We had taken our seats in the gallery when a man called the landlord to the gate and had a long conversation. On his return I enquired how long till brealy with us here said that we were Yankee spies. Lampley told us not to be surprised if we saw a party riding up to take us. We finished breakfast, and soon after about twenty men with shotguns and about fifty dogs carae riding up to tbe hotel gate. Lampley met them;, told thera it was a false alarra, and to get down and laugh it o-ff. When they found we had no papers, they said they would bave swung us to the first lirab, but for the tiraely correction of the raistake. The thought of being banged by our own men within our own lines was most horrible. So Clements and I got some cowhides, took satisfaction out of the negro on the horse block, and then went into the ofiice and wrote each a leave of absence signed by our commanding general. The train soon arrived and we left for home, where we remained until the regiment was reorganized the following October at Cahaba, Ala., in parole camps. TRIP HOME FROM THE TENNESSEE RIVER. On our return from Hood's fateful campaign in Tennessee the army recrossed the Tennessee river during the early days of January, 1865, at Bainbridge, a few railes above Florence, Ala., and those of ns who had no shoes, or shoes with no soles, were ordered dov/n the M. & C. R. R. on foot to Corinth, Miss. After a few days' detention at Corinth, during very hard weather and in raiserable quarters, we w-ere sent by rail to Lau derdale Springs, Miss., then a Confederate hospital. On our arrival we found several hundred of our barefoot, sick and wounded here. Each was working energetically for a fur- (157) 110 First Alabaraa Regiraent, C. S. A. lough, or transfer to hospitals nearer home, where be could get shoes, clothing, etc., and possibly a glimpse of tbe old home even if only for a few days, but few except the wounded were raeeting with success. The latter were readily furlougbed or transferred to any point they naraed, often without careful med ical examination. About the second morning after our arrival, Ben Balcer, of my company, came up to me when something like the following colloquy ensued, he asking the first question : "How would you like to have a thirty days' furlough 'stuck' to you this morning?" "Have you one?" "Just got it a few minutes ago-." "How did this happen?" "Why, when I reached tbis place, I reported as a wounded soldier, un derwent my examination this morning as such, with tbe happy result, as you see, of a thirty-day furlough, one meraber of the board contending strongly for a sixty-day furlough." Baker had two large risings or boils on the calf of one of his legs, which at this tirae were beginning to beal, but looked in flamed, and had left two cavities half an inch deep and resem bling very much a wound raade by a minie ball tbat had struck and rebounded. With these be had fooled tbe medical board. As for myself, I wanted a transfer to Montgoraery hospital, having no hope of a furlough, as I had no "wounds," as Baker had, upon which to base my application; and as the medical board declared its positive orders were to approve no furlough except to wounded, I had a rather hopeless case. A day or two later I learned that Dr. Ford, our surgeon at Barrancas in '6i, was now medical director of this department with bead- quarters at Macon, Miss., about forty miles north of Lauder dale. I raade no formal application for a furlough, but wrote bira a personal letter, stating who I was, tbe condition of ray feet, to what regiment I belonged, raentioning thfe fact that I was with the regiraent at Barrancas in 1861, and asked for a transfer to Montgomery, where I might obtain shoes, clothing, etc., frora horae, and of which I was in great need. Knowing how rigidly military men adhere to military forms, and this whole procedure of mine being contrary thereto, I had little hope of success and little reason to expect it. But to my delight the return mail brought my transfer. Frora the short time, the surgeon must have laid aside, for a few minutes, every other business raatter to attend to ray wants. To this day it brings rae the greatest pleasure to recall tbis incident. I wrote bim (158) Reminiscences and Incidents. Ill trying to express ray gratitude, but felt my inadequacy for the task. Though I never knew him personally, except at sight, I bave wished many a time since tbe war that I could meet him and clasp his hand. Tbe next day I left for Meridian, where I changed cars for Montgomery. The railroad from tbis place to Deraopolis was at this time in a deplorable condition, raany miles of track being sunk out of sight in raud. The outgoing train to Deraopolis, composed of freight boxes, was so crowded with soldiers, that, with others, I bad to take a berth on top. At many places along the way the cars careened to such a degree in going through cuts that the tops would nearly strike the walls of tbe cuts. Moreover, it was a bitter cold night. On reaching Deraopolis, I went to the Soldiers' Home for lodging, and to my surprise found here Mike Brogan, the only Irishman that ever belonged to our company. He had some position in the hcwne, having been disabled by a wound in the foot on tbe moming of May 27, 1863, at Port Hudson, La., since which tirae the company bad lost sight of bim and he of the corapany. As soon as be recognized me bis Irish instinct gave vent to bountiful expressions of joy, shouting and throw ing his arms around my waist. He carried me to a private room of the bome and sat before me the best raeal the horae could furnish, but kept rae awake nearly all night with questions about the "ups and downs" of the company, and the fate of dif ferent comrades since we bad left him in the hospital at Port Hudson in July, 1863. After I bad told him of our hard ser vice since then, the many battles in which we had been engaged, the manv corarades tbat bad fallen in battle or by tbe hand of disease, his joy melted away into profound sadbess, there was a long silence and he continued : "Ed, you know I always blaraed you for this wound in ray foot, and you don't know how deeply grieved towards you I felt for a long time, feeling tbat you were indirectly, at least, tbe cause of tbe raisfortune to me, and therefore the author of the greatest bodily injury ever done me ; but instead of being a calamity, it has been a blessing in disguise, for if I had not been wounded the chances are that I should not to-day be living." Brogan was a young man with ideal Irish characteristics and temperament, and intensely loyal to tbe South. The com. pany liked hira. (159) 112 First Alabaraa Regiraent, C. S. A. The next morning I went by rail to Selma, passing through the beautiful and fertile canebrake section. For n.iles .ind miles alo-ng the road were co-ntinuous rail pens, each about ten feet square and twelve or fifteen feet high, full of corn paid by tlie farmers as a part of their tribute for the support of the Confederate Government ; and as we looked at this vast amount of corn, we could not understand how there could be such stinted rations even of cornbread to the Confederate soldier, when it looked to me that here alone was enough corn to feed all the raen and horses of tbe Confederate array for raonths. But the explanation is that our transpo-rtation facilities were wholly inadequate. Even "during those closing days of the Confederacy" no destroying vandal hordes had set foot upon arc" blighted this fair section. To rae just retumed from deso late Tennessee the contrast was raost striking, and as I locked cut across the broad, fertile plantations bounded in many places only by the horizon, upon princely homes with every evidence cf affluence and luxury abo-ut them and saw large bodies of slaves quietly as ever pursuing tbeir daily labor, I silently ex claimed in my beart : "Happy, thrice happy, even yet knowing nothing of the horrors of war." Reaching Selma I at once boarded a steamer for Montgora ery. arriving next morning, and at once reported at the hospital, where I found a Dr. Clark in charge. This hospital was situ ated not raore than one or two blocks west of tbe present new Advertiser office. I was assigned toi a comifortable roo-ra. Here, as at Lauderdale, I found soldiers working for furloughs and transfers, but the surgeon here, as there, declared that he had positive orders to grant none. The next day I engaged hira a while in conversation in his office, finally suggesting in as mod est a way as I could that a furlough of one week out to ray home near Perote would be appreciated. As I walked out of his office he told me to call early next raorning. Having be fore rae the pleasing prospects of a furlough next day, I carried a light heart to my room, and possibly fell asleep that night in blissful dreams of horae and friends. It was late next raorn ing when I awoke. Arranging ray Confederate toilet as quick as I could, I hastened down to tbe surgeon's office and haply found hira alone. He at once began to write out ray furlough, but had not half finished when a big crowd of soldiers came rushing up, each clamoring for a furlough. At this the sur- (160) Reminiscences and Incidents. 113 gecn becarae indignant, and brushing aside, along with other stationery, the sheet on which he was writing my furlough, be said with some warmth: "I trdd you my orders were to give no furloughs, and I shall give none. Go back to your rooms," at tbe same time casting a glance at me tbat bad tbe full signifi cance of "and you get out of my office." I promptly and defer - entially obeyed the silent order, carrying away a heart as heavy as it had been light, and greatly vexed with tbe crowd who, by their precipitancy, bad caused me to lose ray furlough. But the real cause of my misfortune was the fact of my having over slept myself, and not till now did I fully understand tbe full import of tbe doctor's request "to come early" — before tbe other soldiers got up. Two days later I found tbe surgeon alone in his office, got my furlough, and a day later reached horae. AT HOME ON FURLOUGH. During the war it was the custom of the young ladies of Pe rote to give, in the Institute, a social entertainment in honor of any young man of the Perote Guards returning bome on fur lough. On this occasion, as before, one was given in my honor. At this gathering I plainly saw that tbe ladies were becoming despondent of our ultimate success in the war. They tried to con ceal it but the fact was too patent. They bad not of course abated one jot or tittle of loyalty to tbe Confederacy. No coraraunlty in the South loved the cause more than this, so much so tbat at the beginning of tbe war it went as a jKjpular jest that if Alabaraa did not secede, Perote would. It was with the deep est regret that I found such a state of affairs at horae. At tbe tirae I believed tbat there was no substantial foundation for tbis despondency, and had no doubt whatever of the final triuraph of Southem arms. It seems to me now tbat I was totally blind to plain facts before me. It was thus with nearly every volun teer of the Confederacy, especially those of 1861. But now the women wbo from start to finish bad been tbe spirit of tbe war, seemed to be yielding to doubts and despondency. The inci dent made upon m-e a profoundly sad impression, but I took them severely to task about these doubts, for I was somewhat wrought up, and told tbem tbat if all Southern women were sharing their fears, tbis alarm alone would ruin our cause; and I declared with earnestness my unshaken faith in tbe success of 8 (161) 114 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. our arms, and that their fears were without foundation. And I then had no doubt of the truth of every word I uttered. When we look at tbe condition of the South at this time we wonder that anybody had hope. Our fields devastated, our cities and homes laid in ashes, hardly a faraily not raourning tbe loss of a loved one, thousands of our citizens and comrades languishing and dying of starvation in cold Northern priso-ns, our lines being forced back by overwhelming numbers of Fed erals, our own slaves arraed against us, and our resources ex hausted. But raore than any one of these causes, and more than all others combined in fact, and) one of which very little account bas been taken, had in our opinion tbe raost influence in lessen ing tbe war spirit of the South. For two years preceding the end of the war there had been a growing irapression — unfound ed, of course — that we could return to the Union with all our rights and property, that the war was being waged by the Fed erals solely for tbe preservation of tbe Union. This delusion, owing its origin mainly to the activity of such well meaning Northern friends as Vallandigbam of Ohio, did our cause more harm tban Yankee bullets ; for it encouraged the hope for an honorable peace, when none ever existed. Not until the Confed erates laid down their arms was the fact apparent tbat the war, on the part of the Federal government, had been waged from sectional hate, for conquest, despoliation and robbery. There would have been no surrender when- there was, if we had had the faintest conceptio-n of what that surrender involved. Then, another cause for lessening tbe war spirit of the South was the unwise substitute and exemption laws of tbe Confeder ate congress. These were very unjust as well as unwise. They were unjust to the poor man wbo owned no slaves ; -equally un just to the Confederate who was a slave-owner ; and were de moralizing because they were unjust. SETS OUT TO REJOIN THE ARMY. When my week's furlough bad expired, I set out to rejoin my coramand, then moving eastward thro-ugh Georgia. I car ried with rae a young recruit, Archie Ardis, a youth of fifteen. He was a sensible, good-natured, intelligent lad, of one of our best farailies, and had been placed in ray care. Reaching Ma- (162) Reminiscences and Incidents. 115 con, Ga., in the afternoon of tbe next day, I went to military headquarters for further transportation, and was delightfully surprised to meet here Francis T. Chase and James T. Patter son of my corapany. The forraer had been disabled by a wound in the arm during tbe Georgia campaign tbe previous sum mer, and was now a clerk in the office of tbe post comraandant. The latter was on the same mission as myself. That night, seated around a good fine in the tent of Mr. Chase we talked until away after midnight of the condition of tbe country. At last I caused a sensation by saying : "I will express an opin ion that you have never heard rae utter before, because I have never entertained it before — but I believe our cause is lost!" Patterson and Chase looked at rae in astonishraent. There was a silence for several seconds when I resumed : "The women of tbe South bave been the spirit of the war, and they are losing hope." After another long silence Chase replied : "If I thought as you I would lay down my gun and go home." My sensitive nature felt in this reply the sting of a mild rebuke, and I replied with warmth : "My fight henceforth will be with lit tle hope, but never will I lay down my gun while there is a Yan kee vandal on Southern soil." SKETCH OF FRANCIS T. CHASE. I leave here the thread of my story to give a brief sketch of this remarkable private in the Confederate service — Francis T. Chase. Born and educated in Connecticut, a kinsman of Salmon P. Chase, one of tbe most scholarly men tbat ever came Soutli to teach:, with extreme modesty, he was at the breaking out of the war a professor in Perote Institute, where, during the two years previous, be had been ray preceptor. He weighed about ninety pounds, had a sallow complexion, and from every view physically you seldora meet a frailer-looking specimen of humanity. Had you seen bim in tbe ranks of our company, Feb. 12, 1861, as we marched away from Perote to war, you would bave judged bim incapable of more than a month's ser vice. Yet he was, throughout tbe four years' service of the company one of its raost healthy and efficient members, never askin? any favors, never seeking an office, doing all sorts of army drudgery; never making a complaint, twice wounded, always confident of our success, intensely loyal to the Southem (16.3) 116 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. cause. Two or three years after tbe war be went into business in New Orleans, and was head clerk in the freight office of the Illinois Central railroad, until he retired about a year ago on a pension frora the railroad. He then took up his residence at the Nichols Soldiers' Home of that city, where be died (1904) only a few months ago. During all these years he has been true to the South, and a liberal contributor to soldiers' homes, mon uments. Confederate widows and orphans. He was never mar ried. NARRATIVE RESUMED. The next day "Cub" (Ardis) and myself resumed our jour ney, reaching Milledgeville, Ga., late in the afternoon, during a down-pour of rain. For a month or raore previous the rains bad been excessive, and all the streams in a swell tide. Sher man had destroyed the bridge over the Oconee river at Mil ledgeville, and it had not been rebuilt. For temporary purpo ses the authorities were exerting their utmost to stretch across the river pontoon bridges, but on account of high water were haying no' success. Frora this point we wanted to reach Au gusta, Ga., which could be done only on foot, as the railroads thither were all torn up. However, it was given out tbat the pontoons would be across the river in a day or two. There being no soldiers' bome here, I must seek lodging at a private residence. During the war it was the custom of Southern people to give lodging, meals and other help to Con federate soldiers passing through their communities, and for several reasons the Confederate soldier felt tbat he was justly entitled to this consideration. Going up a street I soon carae to a large residence on the rigbt, walked up to the door and rang tbe bell. A fine looking old lady answered. She said she had but one vacant roora and was daily expecting her son, who was wounded in Virginia. But while she was standing in the door talking to rae, her daughter, a beautiful brunette, of about sixteen, was standing just back of her mother, listening and looking, unobserved I think, by her mother. I bade the old lady adieu, and as I walked out across the veranda, ber daughter came running af ter us, and saying tbat she wished to get some flowers frora the bot house for us, and requesting that we stop a few rainutes at (16 ' Reminiscences and Incidents. 117 tbe gate. She soon came with a pretty little bouquet for each ; and then, woraanlike, began to ask questions. In the meanwhile a gloomy twilight was thickening about us, and as we stood at the gate, it was cold, and I bad not forgotten that as yet I had no shelter for tbe night. I started to bid ber "Good even ing," but she replied with earnestness and emphasis : "No, not rigbt now. Wait until I run and see my raother." I suspected tbat she would try to get ber raother to entertain us, an'd I pro tested earnestly. The truth is, I had concluded that her raother was not rauch of a Southern woraan, or she would have given me sorae kind of a shelter, tbe best she could — even out in the veranda if she could do no better — and my feelings were quite averse to any further acquaintance with ber. I believed that ber stateraent that that large house had but one vacant roora was a mere excuse ; and as to that wounded son in Virginia — oh well; I had serious doubts about it all. I could not, how ever, deny tbe daughter's request without discourtesy to ber, and this I could not afford, and so I reluctantly yielded. She bounded away in a run, leaving ray corapanion and rayself at the gate. I hoped she would bring back a negative answer, for I didn't feel inclined at all to go back. I bad no fears of being left out in tbe cold rain tbat night. There were too raany good people in that town. In a few seconds she re-appeared in a run, as she bad gone, and her face beaming with joy, gave rae notice in advance tbat she bad been victorious, and that I was vanquished. Indeed^, I felt completely vanquished, for when I wan-ted to stay I couldn't; and then when I didn't want to stay, I was raade to do it. She gathered up one or two of our bundles, and we started back, her sunny nature evidently de lighted. I struggled to conceal my real feelings. Tbe old lady met us at tbe door, gave us a kind reception, and carried us up stairs to our room. The narae of this lady was Mrs. Lit tle (she was a widow) ; tbat of ber daughter, Mollie. When I met the faraily and guests next moming at the breakfast ta ble, I saw tbat I bad wrongly judged Mrs. Little, for there was quite a number of guests — refugees, and I made in the pres ence of tbe guests, a full confession of tbe injustice I had done ber. All seemed to enjoy tbe incident, and Mrs. Little seemed to appreciate my frankness. Tbat night Miss Mollie gave a card party which we enjoyed. The next night a neighbor of hers entertained at cards, and we (165) 118 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. were so entertained every night during tbe week we remained; for we could not leave sooner on account of the pontoon bridge not having been put across the river. About the second or third day of our stay the "wounded son" from Virginia came in, but still we kept our rooms. We found this young man quite a help in our socials, young men at this time being scarce. I often recall with great pleasure the kindness of Mrs. Little, ber son, and Miss Mollie. FORTUNE TELLING. I now corae to relate an unimportant but tbe most striking co-incident of my whole life. Tbe last night of our stay a card party was given at Mrs. Little's, and it was largely attended, mostly by young girls and young men. We played tbe usual games until a late hour, when we changed to "telling fortunes" with cards. Tbe lass (about 15) with whom I had mostly played, after telling or foretelling when I would marry, the color of the eyes and hair of my wife-to-be, etc., asked me if I would like to have another furlough. I replied, "Yes, run these cards and tell rae how long before I shall get another." She dealt off the cards, and after consulting them declared I should get another furlough in a very short time. I replied tbat I didn't believe it, because I was returning from bome on a furlough ; tbat I was going then to "bead off" Sherraan in the Carolinas, and tbat an early furlough for rae was absurd. "You bave consulted tbe wrong cards," I said, "try tbat again with tbe cards." She did so, and at the conclusion threw up ber hands and shouted: "Ob, it will be no time hardly be fore you have another furlough." She went through all this with the most affected sincerity and gravity. "Impossible," I said. "You are a failure, I know, as a fortune-teller. Run these cards again." A third time she ran the cards in refer ence to ray getting a furlough, the last time going into ecstacies of joy, and affirming with still more eamestness it would be almost no time before I received another furlough. Tbe next moming Ardis and rayself took leave of our kind friends, and set out on foot for Augusta. We had to pass down through the business part of the city, and here I met Lieut. Alex. Frier and Sergt. Hector McLean of my company returning as a spec ial detail to Alabaraa. Lieut. Frier had been sent back on a (166) Reminiscences and Incidents. 119 special service, and with autho-rity and orders to detail two non commissioned officers to assist bim in his duties. He bad al ready detailed one (McLean), be lacked another and promptly detailed me. This would give another furlough of ten days at bome. It had not been fifteen bours since the young lady with a pack of cards had foretold this ! Was there ever a more re markable coincidence! With me the vexatious question was what to do with Ardis, for he was in total ignorance of my hav ing been detailed. I bad to leave hira, an inexperienced youth, alone in a strange city. Would it be better to see hira myself, tell bim tbat I bad to leave hira, and try to reconcile him to his fate ; or would it be better to steal away frora hira and leave him to solve his own problems. I wanted to pursue the former course, my friends were decidedly of the opinion that it would make matters ten tiraes worse. So we stole away frora hira. About sundown tbat evening we left on tbe train for Alabama. I could not get Ardis off my mind, could not quiet ray con science. When he leamed of all tbe particulars he was greatly hurt with me, but after reflection justified me, and approved of my course in doing so. (167) CHAPTER VIII. DEAD OF THE FIRST ALABAMA REGIMENT AT MADISON, WIS. ; and MRS. ALICE WHITING WATERMAN. In another place I have spoken fully of our prison life in 1862. Here I shall pay a slight tribute to tbe brave men and boys of our coraraand who fell in the first flush of the struggle, almost before the issues of the -war had been fully presented, or before the combatants settled down to tbe grim years of sacrifice and achievement before tbem. The following is a list of Confederate dead buried in tbe Confederate cemetery at Madison, Wis., one hundred and five of whom belonged to the First Regiment Alabama Volunteers, C. S. A., with company, regiment and date of death in 1862, reported to tbe Wisconsin State Historical Society by James P. Stuart, October, 1893. H. Falks, Corapany D, May 16. J. W. Gilmore, Corapany C, May 25. W. M. Ingraham, Corapany C. May 16. Sarauel Coon, Corapany D, May i. Isham Crew, Company D, May 26. J. F. Sraith, Company K, May 16. F. N. Hoo-d, Corapany I, May i. Lee Calloway, Company E, May 16. T. H. Lochridge, Company D, May i. Henry Lloyd, Company I, June 12. Pierce Register, Company E, May 16. J. V. Sto-yner, Company C, May 16. H. J. Stoner, Corapany D, May 7. W. Moore, Corapany H, May 27. John Wilkes, Corapany I, May i. David Benedict, Company E, June 12. W. H. Hadden, Company B, May 24. J. H. Strickland, Company C, May 10. (168) Dead at Madison, Wisconsin; Mrs. WaLCrman. 12i J. B. Ubry, Corapany I, June 12. J. H. Beasley, Company G, May 24. W. J. Bard, Company C, May 16. John Larron, Corapany E, April 28. J. A. Mauerief, Company K, June 7. W. T. Earned, Corapany E, May 23. S. T. Oliver, Corapany C, May 14. D. D. Bird, Company I, May 6. L. Kniebe, Company C, June 11. Charles Mettier, Company — , May 23. Robert Riley, Company D, May 16. Henry Albritton, Company B, May 7. Joshua Browder, Company C, May 6. Davis McKibbon, Company F, June 11. B. F. Harrow, Company H, June 12. Benager Peacock, Company D, May 24. B. F. Mansell, Company G, May 14.. John Brandon, Corapany H, May 7. Ham Infinfer, Company D, April 2. Henry Glisson, Company D, May 3. Ed Bates, Company G, April 21. W. B. Bracken, Company I, May 27. S. M. Barber, Company C, May 22. E. Branning, Company C, May 12. Harvey Meader, Company F, May 3. J. M. McCaul, Company G, May 11. G. W. Spears, Company B, May 19. T. D. Fulton, Corapany G, May 10. J. K. Jones, Company H, May 3. J. J. Farraer, Company - — , July 3. R. W. Clifton, Company G, June 13. John R. Holt, Company I, May 24. T. T. Demrains, Corapany I, May 10. , Corapany D, April 30. W. L. Peacock, Corapany D, June 23. G. S. Marquis, Company C, May 10. J. W. Andrews, Company E, June 11. , May 6. J. M. Edwards, Company E, May 16. S. J. Sager, Company D, May 23. Thomas Essry, Company H, May 13. fl69) 122 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. J. G. Dawson, Company I, May 6. N. T. Reardon, Company I, April 30. W. C. Mathews, Company E, April 28. Thomas Mims, Company D, May 6. N. J. Wicks, Company C, April 30. William Greene, Company H, June 4. P. L. Drinkard, Company B, May 23. A. L. Spears, Company B, May 13. N. Hollister, Company H, April 30. F. L. Meucbara, Company H, May 30. J. J. Gilmore, Company F, May 13. J. T. Morrison, Corapany C, May 5. T. C. Adams, Company K, April 30. J. E. Henry, Company K, May 30. Wm. Sraith, Company D, May 23. C. A. Hollingsworth, Company E, May 12. Thomas Cooper, Company F, June 3. J. H. Ross, Company I, May 30. J. P. White, Company I, May 3. Wm. Pipkons, Company D, April 30. W. Christwood, Company L, May 29. D. M. Scott, Company F, May 30. F. Boykind, Company G, May 13. John Braden, Company D, May 5. Joshua Browder, Company G, May 30. Robert Taylor, Company D, May 22. J. M. Wylie, Company H, April 28. Joel Lod wick. Company D, April 28. R. S. Castlebury, Company I, May 29. , Company B, April 2. M. Grentham, Company D, May 5. C. Sissonly, Company C, April 2. J. P. Jamegan, Company F, May 29. J. H. Thuwers, Corapany G, May 19. Isaac Taylor, Corapany H, May 5. Thomas Kaumater, Cki-rapany H, May 3. J. F. Codrick, Corapany H, April 20. William Brooks, Company G, April 27. Edward Smith, Company E, May 17. W. J. Russell, Company E, May 4. (170) Dead at Madison, Wisconsin ; Mrs. Waterman. 123 William Ham, Company F, April 20. Thomas Ostine, Company E, May 27. N. Smart, Company C, May 19. Samuel DePuster, Corapany G, June 19. Samuel Willis, Company H, May 25. HISTORY OF THE CARE AND CUSTODY OF THE SACRED SPOT WHERE THE HEROES SLEEP. The story of tbe care and custody of tbe graves of tbe fore going, b}^ Mrs. A Hee W. Waterman should be given here, as a tribute to her heroic conduct and devoted attention. Fortu nately I am able to do tbis through a report made by a com mittee cf the Confederate Veterans' Association of Washing ton, D. C, extracts from which are here given. There is no survivor of our regiment who does not bave for Mrs. Water man a feeling of tbe profoundest gratitude and love. REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE. Hall of tbe Confederate Veterans' Association of Washington, D. C, Camp 171, U. C. V., December 2, 1897. Comrades : The committee appointed to report as to what steps should be taken in respect to the 139 dead Confederate soldiers wbo lie buried in Forest Hill Cemetery at Madison, Wisconsin, have to report tbat they have investigated the records, so far as they are accessible, in reference to tbis matter and find the facts to be as follows: The operations around New Madrid, Missouri, and Island No. Ten, were carried on by about 7,000 Confederates on tbe one side, and about 28,000 Federal troops on the other. Be sides these land forces the Federal army was assisted by a large flotilla of gunboats upon the Mississippi. It is not intended here to detail even briefly tbe operations which resulted in the capture of Island No. Ten, after an unusually severe siege of about six weeks, and after tbe greater portion of its garrison (171) 124 First Alabaraa Regiment, C. S. A. had evacuated it. Those wbo desire to' read at length the mil itary history of tbat memorable occasion, will find tbe official reports of both sides in the 8tb Volume of the War Records, Series i. It is sufficient to say here tbat the Confederate forces upon the Island and on the mainland numbered about 7,000, of which about 3,000 were on the island. In the volume of War Records just referred to, at page 94, the strength of tbe Union forces operating against the island, seven days before its capture, is officially stated at 18,547 officers and men present for duty. In the sarae volume, page 795, the official return of tbe Confederate force upon the island, present for duty, is 2,385 men on the 21st of March, which was seventeen days previous to its capture. When it was seen that the island raust inevitably be taken, steps were begun to evacuate it, and accordingly on tbe night of tbe 6th of April, during a heavy rainstorm, about 6-7ths of the men succeeded after spiking most of the guns, in getting off in boats and rafts, and made tbeir way to tbe Confederate lines. Tbis was done, however, o-nly after the disaster of New Mad rid, where about 2,500 of our men were compelled to surrender to a force of a-bout 15,000 of tbe enemy. The dispatch of Ad miral Foote to the United States Secretary of War, dated April 8th, and announcing the capture on tbe previous day of Island Number Ten, states the number tbat surrendered to bim to be "17 officers and 368 privates, besides 100 of tbem sick." Of these five hundred men, nearly all were of tbe First Ala bama Regiment; one hundred and fifty only of that regiment having succeeded in getting on the island, the others remain ing until it was too late. Tbe First Alabama was commanded by Col. Isaiah G. W. Steedman. That be was a gallant officer, and bis men among the very flower of their native State, the official reports alluded to clearly show. The regiraent was, as its number indicates, probably the first regiment formed in the State at tbe breaking out of tbe war. We all know tbat in ev ery Southern State, at that time, the men of these first regi ments — the men who shouldered tbeir guns at the first sound of tbe tocsin of war, were always araong tbe best soldiers of the Coniederacy. Consequently we are not surprised to find the First Alabama frequently mentioned in tbe official reports of the transaction on Island Number Ten. Gen. Leonidas Polk, in a letter announcing to Gen. McCown tbe Confederate (172) Dead at iladison, Wisconsin ; Mrs. Waterman. 125 Commander of the island, tbat be had sent tbe First Alabama to reinforce bim, speaks of tbe raen as being among the best of Bragg's army. After the surrender of this little garrison to a force forty tiraes its superior in numbers, they, with a large number of other Confederate prisoners, were sent North. A part were sent to Camp Douglass, near Chicago, and a smaller portion, which included these men of the First Ala baraa, were sent to Camp Randall near Madison, Wisconsin. They remained there, however, but about three months, when they were sent elsewibere, and it is believed were shortly after wards exchanged. During this period of three months, 139 of these men died, no being of the First Alabama. Their deaths were undoubtedly the results of the suffering and con stant exposure they had undtergone in tbeir heroic defense of Island Number Ten, which during the siege was constantly flooded in consequence of freshets of tbe Mississippi river, the raen being often compelled, as the official reports state, while manning the guns of tbe batteries, to stand for bours knee deep in the chilly waters of tbe river, for the siege was during tbe month of March. (See the report of Gen. Trudeau com manding Artillery at Island Number Ten, March 29, 1862, Vol. 8, Series i. War Records, page 150.) Elsewhere we bave given tbe names of these dead heroes. As they died, sometimes at tbe rate of ten a day, the)' were laid side by side in a plot of ground on tbe edge of Forest Hill Cemetery, and that spot soon becarae known to tbe people of Madison, Wis consin, as "Confederate Rest." And rest it was indeed, to these poor fellows, wbo, succumbing to the hardships of war, laid them down in their last sleep, raartyrs to tbe cause they loved. For nearly five years after the war the site of those graves was almost forgotten. Among strangers wbo could not be expected to sympathize with the sentiments which had imbued these boys in gray and led them to offer their lives upon tbe altar of their country, it would perhaps, in time, have be come completely obliterated but for the fact that there came to live at Madison, Wisconsin, a widowed, southern-born woman — Mrs. Alice W. Waterman of Baton Rouge, Louisiana. She learned of tbis lonely little corner in Forest Hill Cemetery and expended of her raeans to beautify it. How she did it, let tbe people of Madison, whose sympathies she awoke for these, our dtead comrades, tell us, as we find it in tbe Wisconsin State (173) 126 First Alabaraa Regiraent, C. S. A. Journal of May 29, 1885, published at Madison, and from which we now quote : "The knowledge of the fact that many of her countrymen lay neglected and almost forgotten among strangers at the North, far removed from the homes of their youth and the loving care of those to whom they were near and dear, touched a tender spot in the heart of the lady, and she resolved to do what lay in her power to beautify the resting place of the strangers. She heaped up neat mounds over each grave, planted trees in the plat and an evergreen hedge along the east and south sides, cleared away the weeds, trim med the grass, and had a rude board fence, which has since heen removed, constructed around the plat. Then she secured head boards, had them appropriately inscribed with the names of the dead, their company and regiment, as well as the date of death. "Her work was commenced during the time Gen. Lucius Fair- child was Governor, and that gentleman displayed the charity of a true soldier for a fallen enemy, by doing various little acts of kindness tending to aid Mrs. Waterman in the work which , her sympathetic nature inspired. Gov. Washburn, who succeeded Gov. Fairchild, went a step further than his predecessor in office, for upon a Memorial Day, when he was the State's Chief Executive, he led a party of old Union soldiers into Confederate Rest, and with his own hands strewed floral offerings upon the graves of the boys in gray. This custom has been generally followed since it was established. Gov. Washburn was the first Chief Executive in any of the Northern States to exhibit such charity, but his conduct has since been very generally emulated where Union and Confederate soldiers lie buried together. Hon. B. J. Stevens, while acting as Mayor of Madison last year, showed great kindness to Mrs. Water man, and offered to assist her in any manner he was able, while the Cemetery Commissioners— Gen. C. P. Chapman, Doming Fitch and Darwin Clark — have of late years been very thoughtful in their attentions. "Mrs. Waterman has an affectionate way of referring to the buried Confederates, whose graves she guards so tenderly, as 'My boys.' She says she planted the hedges around the plat to 'keep the cold iwind off my boys,' and it affords her pleasure to know that when the sun rises in the morning, it shines warmly in the faces of 'my boys.' She planted white lilac amid the graves, be cause they will blossom even if she is 'not there to watch them,' (174) Dead at Madison, Wisconsin; Mrs. Waterman. 127 and her object in setting out two butternut trees was, as she puts it, so 'that the children will go there to gather the nuts, and thus make the place more pleasant by their presence.' " Closely adjoining tbis ceraetery of our dead corarades lies a cemetery of Federal dead, and we are inforraed that for raany years it has been tbe custom on Decoration day to hold mem orial exercises in tbe open spaces between these two burial spots, and at tbeir conclusion to decorate tbe graves of Federal and Confederate dead alike. For this beautiful and touching tribute accorded by Union soldiers to their one-tirae foeraen we tender our full-hearted acknowledigments, and say to them tbat they bave, by their kindly remembrance of our corarades, given a fresh illustration to the saying of the ancient Tusculan tbat: "Whoever is brave should be a man of great soul." But if those wbo were once our eneraies have through all these years not forgotten our dead, is it not time that we should remember tbem? Is it not time that we place above those lit tle mounds, which the coming years must eventually -waste away, a more enduring memorial than the perishable flowers placed there by tbe impulsive hands of friendly strangers ? Mrs. Waterman died on tbe 13th of September last, (1897), at Madison. At her funeral was delivered the beautiful ser mon, an extract frora which is appended to tbis report. 'We bave learned that it was tbe ambition of tbis good lady for over twenty-five years of ber life to some day see a monument of granite erected in the midst of these graves whereon should be carved tbe names of these dead soldiers of the South, but ber efforts were futile. She, herself, by tbe vicissitudes of for tune, had lost ber entire means, and the people of ber native land were poor and struggling trader adverse circurastances to recuperate tbeir broken fortunes, soi the monument was never erected, but she continued to see after and care for tbe graves. And now tbat she is dead, who shall see to it that tbis monu ment be built ? Wbo shall see to it tbat tbis spot where these men lie, the furthest north of any of our buried comrades, shall be marked with a token to all who shall see it that we have not forgotten our dead? As Southern raen we should hide our heads in shame if, after knowing tbe facts which we now know, we should fail to see to it that this monument be built with tbe names upon its face, not only of these men wbo lie buried (175) 128 First Alabaraa Regiment, C. S. A. so far away from their own southland, and for love of which they fought and suffered and died, but the name also of tbis noble Southem woraan, Alice Waterman, tbe patriotic care taker of tbeir graves for so raany years, and who now sleeps with thera, a heroine among heroes. Comrades, your coraraittee have to report in conclusion that this Association having had the honor to be tbe first among tbe Associations of ex- Con federate soldiers and sailors, to have this matter brought to their attention, should be araong the first to take immediate steps toward tbe work of procuring means to erect tbis monuraent, and thereby perpetuate tbe naraes of these men and of the noble woman who for so long a time bad faithfullly kept green their graves. Your com mittee, therefore, submit for adoption tbe following resolu tion : Resolved, That the committee having in charge the matter of the Confederate dead who lie buried in Forest Hill Cemetery at Madison, Wis., be, and they are, hereby empowered with authority to proceed in such manner as they may deem proper and expedi ent to procure the means for the erection of a monument over their graves, and that it report, from time to time, what progress they have made thereat. We bave annexed to this report, besides a list of the dead with the names of the commands to which they belonged, a letter to tbe Chairman of the Coraraittee by Mr. Hugh Lewis, a brave iiederal soldier of the Second Wisconsin Regiment, who lost his arm at the second battle of Manassas. To bim this Association is greatly indebted for the first information which came to it in regard to tbis matter. Mr. Lewis bas for many years been a resident of Madison, Wisconsin, and was a warm friend of Mrs. Waterman. To bim we are also indebted for tbe excellent photograph of that noble lady, and of the cem etery where lie buried these 139 Confederate soldiers. In addition to his letter we bave also annexed an extract from a copy of the funeral oration delivered over the body of Mrs. Waterman before burial among "her boys" and also copies of several articles from the Madison newspapers bearing upon the subject of tbis report. These articles show a more than excellent spirit on the part of the good people of Madison and encourage us to believe that in tbat city at least, tbe war with all its animosities, bas long been at an end.* *The several extracts referred to are too long for insertion, and are omitted. (176) CHAPTER IX. OFFICIAL REPORT OF COL. (SURGEON) I. G. W. STEEDMAN ; AND HIS REMINISCENCES OF PRISON LIFE. An "authentic" stateraent for tbe Tribune. While awaiting Mr. Greeley's acceptance or rejection of the proposition that was made to bim in our issue of yesterday in reference to tbe treatment of prisoners of war in federal prisons, we are anx ious to give bim further evidence of the truth of the statements we have published, in order to strengthen the appeal to bis be nevolence and sense of justice. We, therefore, give editorial prominence to tbe following letter, which we guarantee is a faithful copy of the original written by tbe subscribing parties and addressed and delivered to the Colonel commanding the post at Johnson's Island : Prison Hospital, Johnson's Island, November i6, 1864. Colonel: The undersigned, officers of the Confederate States Army (prisoners of war) are in times of peace practic ing physicians. We are now acting as surgeons to our prison hospital. M'^e adopt this method of informing yo-u, (if you are not already informed of it), that the prisoners confined here are suffering seriously frora want of food. 1st. We make tbis painful announcement from our personal experience, and observation among our comrades. Food is the constant theme of conversation among thera, and we are repeatedly told, "We are hungry ; we do not get enough to eat." Instances are not infrequent of repulsive articles be ing greedily devoured; rats, spoiled meat, bones, bread from the slops, etc. 9 (177) 130 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. Secondly : We wisb to demonstrate to you from physiolog ical data, that tbe ration issued is insufficient to raaintain health. Prof. Dalton says : "With coffee and water for drink, we bave found that the entire quantity of food required during twenty-four bours, by a man in full health, and taking free ex ercise in the open air, is as follows : Meat (Butchers) 16 ounces avoirdupois. Bread 19 ounces avoirdupois. Butter, or fat ZVz ounces avoirdupois 38% ounces avoirdupois. Tbat is to say, rather less than two and a half pounds of solid food." (See Dalton's Physiology, page 115.) Col. Hoffman, Commissary (General of Prisons, in his pub lished order regulating tbe ration of prisoners of war, estab lished tbe following: Pork or bacon 10 ounces In lieu of fresh beef Fresh beef 14 ounces Flour or soft bread 16 ounces Hard bread 14 ounces in lieu of flour or soft bread Corn meal 16 ounces in lieu of flour or soft bread Beans or peas 12% pounds Rice or hominy 3 pounds Soap 4 pounds / Vinegar 3 quarts \ to 100 rations Salt 4% pounds/ Potatoes 15 ounces ' Water 52 ounces Accompanying this coraraunication, we enclose the abstracts of rations actually received, during the month of October for the first and second divisions of tbe prison. Tbe abstracts ha've been carefully prepared for tbis purpose by the chiefs of those divisions from their memoranda, taken at tbe time of issue. By carefully estimating the average daily ration in ounces of solid food, from these abstracts for October, you will find that each prisoner received 281^ ounces. Colonel Hoffman's order allows bim about 341^ ounces. (178) Confederate Prisoners of War. 131 Prof. Dalton would give him 38)^ ounces. Your com missary, therefore, bas given us ten ounces less than tbe phys iological requirements of health, and six ounces less than Col. Hoffman's order. Tbis deficit of six ounces is the result — 1st. of a short issue of bread of about 1.5 ounces lyi oz. 2d. of a short issue of bread or peas, rice or hominy and and potatoes (only one, instead of three, having been issue daily) 3j/^ oz. 3rd. no issue of meat at all for three days i oz. b oz. As to tbe quality of tbe ration issued for October: Tbe beef consisted almost entirely of fore-quarters, neck and shank, the large proportion of bone reducing the actual meat received nearly one-half, or to seven ounces (7 oz.) Salt beef and tish, now issued about twice a week, are not included in Col. Hoffman's published order, as a part of the rations. Salt fish, with our want of facilities for properly preparing thera, raake a raost unpalatable dish, and from tbe testiraony of our cora rades, are only used from dire necessity, to satisfy the cravings of hunger. Moreover, salt fish and salt beef do not contam sufficient oil or fat, to answer tbe requirements of health dur ing winter in tbis latitude. Though Col. Hoffman's order falls short of the physiolog ical requirempits of a man in health, by three and a half ounces, yet we believe if his order be faithfully executed, health can be maintained for a long while, considering tbe limited amount of exercise generally taken by prisoners. But, Colonel, it is our solemn conviction that if the inmates of tbis prison are compelled to subsist for tbe winter upon this reduced ration of ten- ounces less than health demands, and six ounces less tban Ccl. Hoffman's order allows, all raust suffer the horrors of continual hunger, and many must die from the most loathsome diseases. As physicians, we ask you for hu manity's sake, to compel your commissary to do his duty faith fully and honestly, by issuing the ration we are entitled to. As officers and prisoners of war, demand it. Relying upon your early attention to this urgent and impor tant subject, we are, (179) 132 First Alabaraa Regiment, C. S. A. Respectfully yours, etc., (Signed) I. G. W. Steedman, M. D., Col. xst Regt. Ala. Vol. (Signed) L. E. Locke, M. D., Capt. 53d Ala. Cavalry. (Signed) G. Troup MaxwEia M. D., Col. 1st Florida Cavalry. Acting Surgeons, Prison Hospital. To Colonel Palmer, Commanding Post. This is a true copy of tbe original. St. Louis, May 31, 1891. I. G. W. Steedman, M. D., Col. 1st Regt. Ala. Vols. As Mr. Greeley bas kindly offered the use of the columns of the "Tribune" to prisoners of war for the publication of state ments of grievances, we hope that he will publish the above letter.MIEIT.\RY PRISON HISTORY, AND INCIDENTS MEMORANDA SUP PUED BY COL. STEEDMAN. "After the surrender at Port Hudson, all tbe commissioned officers of the garrison, about 160 in number, were sent by steamboat to New Orleans as prisoners of war. On our way down tbe river we schemed to overpower our guards and cap ture tbe boat, but no proper opportunity offered. We were confined in New Orleans nearly two months, first in the cus tom bouse and then in Mr. Conner's residence, a w-ealthy banker. Gen. Banks treated us with all possible consideration corapatible with the rules of war. Upon request we could ob tain paroles toi attend social gatherings given by citizens. The people of New Orleans overwhelmed us with tbe kindest at tentions. Many of us were suffering witu malaria, contracted during the siege. The surgeons and p-bysicians of the city visited our prison and gave us gratis all needed medical atten tion. "In September, 1863, we were sent by sea to Governor's Island, New York harbor, thence by rail to Johnson's Island, in Lake Erie. We had left this prison for exchange about one year previously. We found the situation materially changed. (ISO) Confederate Prisoners of War. 133 Many raore prisoners occupied the buildings. Officers cap tured upon many battlefields were confined here. Public senti ment throughout the North was more embittered towards tbe South, and prisoners were made to feel it upon all possible oc casions. Tbe Winters of 1863 and 1864 were very severe upon those of us from tbe extreme South. We were poorly clad for such a rigorous climate, and boused in such flimsy buildings. The prison soon becarae very much crowded as disaster met our armies. During 1864 and 1865 the average number of officers confined here was about 3,000, at one tirae reaching 3,200. "Soon after reaching Johnson's Island, at the reqest of the prisoners, and by consent of tbe prison authorities, ...ol. Steed man was put in medical and surgical charge of our prison hos pital, tbe Colonel being, as already stated, an M. D., having graduated in tbe class of 1859 from the University of Louis iana at New Orleans. He, with bis four assistants (one of wbom was Capt. L. E. Locke of Alabama Cavalry) also line officers as well as M. D.'s, were thus enabled to perform valua ble service to fellow prisoners. "The great subject of thought and private talk among pris oners, was how to escape prison and get to 'Dixie,' to rejoin) our comjnands in tbe field. We were secretly organized into companies and regiments and ever ready to take advantage of any opportunities offered. All manner of schemes were dis cussed, many of them foolhardy and impracticable. The only feasible one was planned by Lieut. Beale of Virginia which involved an expedition from Canada to capture passenger boats on tbe lake, seize the United States gunboat Michigan, pris oners to overpower tbe prison guards and take tbeir arms. Escorted by the Michigan we were to land in tbe vicinity of Cleveland, Ohio, and make a desperate dash for West Vir ginia. The plan was partially executed, but not to coinpletion. Lieut. Beale was afterwards courtmartialed and hung. "Tbe winter of 1864 and 1865 was especially severe and hard upon tbe Johnson's Island prisoners. It was extreraely cold, tbe therraoraeter reaching 20 degrees below zero. "'The furor raised in the North by tbe alleged cruel treat ment of Libby and Andersonville Federal prisoners led the Washington govemment to retaliate in a manner on Johnson's Island prisoners who were all officers. Our rations were re- (181) 134: First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. duced to a miniraumi corapatible with life. Disease became broadcast among us, especially chronic bowel diseases, scurvy and erysipelas. Scores of cases of scurvy occurred through out the prison, the result of insufficient quantity and quality of food. When the attention of tbe Fedteral surgeons was called to this deplorable condition of tbe prisoners, extra ra tions were given us, consisting chiefly of the fresh vegetables of the season. In a few weeks all scurvy disappeared. This is a proof positive of tbe insufficiency of our food. "The abovle facts are contained in an official protest made by our hospital surgeons at the tirae. All exchanges of pris oners had ceased since 1863, except the desperately sick, who were sent home to die. The policy had been openly adopted to imprison and feed us, rather than exchange and fight us again. Tbis barbarous policy resulted in the inhuman impris onment of tens of thousands of Confederates and Federals. Our efficient and mo-st gentlemanly coraraissary, Capt. Brad Sullins, died in the prison hospital during this winter. He is buried in the Confederate cemetery on Johnson's Island with our other dead. Smallpox also- broke out in the prison, re quiring the building of a pest-house in one corner of tbe yard, and our Confederate surgeons also had charge of these cases. By judicious isolation and vaccination, the disease was kept in control, the nurses being officers wbo had previously bad small pox. CAPT. J. R. MACBETH CONTRIBUTES TwENTY-TWO THOUSAND DOLLARS FOR THE RELIEE OE FEELOW-PRISONERS. Col. Steedman pays tbe following tribute to his deceased col lege-mate and prison comrade, Capt. J. R. Macbeth of tbe ist South Carolina Artillery. While an inmate of the prison he was dangerously ill, and was nursed to health in tbe prison hospital. He w-as so grateful for this service, that be became a nurse in the hospital for many months. Later be was raade hospital steward. Capt. Macbeth was lucky in having a wealthy father, then mayor of Charleston, S. C. In bis own right the Captain had large funds in New York and Liverpool as a stockholder in a blockade running corapany. He donated twenty-two thousand dollars for tbe relief of bis fellow-pris oners, besides lending money to many others. He received a (1.S2) Confederate Prisoners of War. 135 special exchange through Gen. Sherman, rejoined bis com mand and lost an arm at Bentonville, N. C, the last battle of the war.' "In the spring of 1865 tbe Port Hudson prisoners were or dered to City Point, near Richmond, for exchange. Joyfully we boarded box cars for Baltimore, thence by steamship to City Point. On tbe Chesapeake bay tbe ship wias enveloped in fog and lay at anchor raany bours. Sraallpox broke out in the hold among 500 or more sick and wounded prisoners ; also gangrene attacked the wounds of the poor cripples. Col. Steedman was again called upon to take charge of this "pest hole," doing his duty to the best of bis ability. He regards tbis as the raost crucial test of his physical and moral courage during the war. "To our dismay we were landed at Point Lookout in Chesa peake Bay, a great Federal hospital and prison. Here we learned tbat the railitary operations around Petersburg bad stopped this proposed exchange. We were at Point Lookout when President Lincoln was assassinated. Wilkes Booth, the assassin, retreated down the Potomac, and tbe negro guards over us conceived the idea that we prisoners had some connec tion with the assassination. I was most reliably informed that tbe white officers of this negro comraand had great difficulty in restraining them from butchering us. I felt the danger raost acutely at the time. At night in my bearing a negro sentinel called out to us, 'bush up there, you d— d rebels, or I will send a bullet 'searching' among your guts ;' we were only talking in a low tone in our quarters. "From Point Lookout we were sent to Fort Delaware in Delaware. bay, and kept in iraprisonraent until the close of tbe war. My brothier, Capt. S. D. Steedman, and myself, were re leased on June 28, 1865. A book could be written on this sub ject of imprisonment and the heroic fortitude with which our First Alabama officers endured tbeir bard fate. We were' cut off fromi all hope of deserved promotion in rank, which hope is dear to all soldiers. "The only consolation our friends can take in this imprison ment of nearly two and a half years is that many of us, if ex changed, would bave died on tbe battlefield, where so many of our beloved comrades now lie in unknown graves." (1.S3) INDEX. The references are to the numbers at the top of the page. The numbers at the bottom of each page are the consecutive numbers for the entire Bulletin series. Adams, Gen., 87. Adams, T. C, 132. Advertiser, Montgomery, 12. Alabama Rifles, Talladega, 10, 13, 20, 27, 33. Albritton, Henry, 121. Amusements, 62. Anderson, Gen. R. H., 3, 27, 32. Andrews, J. W., 121. Andrews, Lt. W. A., 78, 79. Arkansans outgeneraled, 95. Ardis, Archie, 114, 119. Arms, 62. Artillery, Confederate, 21. At Island No. Ten, 35. Asleep at his post, 97. Augur, Gen. C. C, 57. Authorities. Names of works used, 10. Baker, Capt. Alpheus, 13. Banks, Gen., 58, 62, 64, 66. Barber, S. M., 121. Bard, W. J., 121. Barrancas Barracks, 14, 16, 30, 33, 34. Bates, Ed., 121. Beale, Lt., 133. Beall, W. N. R., 48, 50, 58, 61. Beasley, J. H., 121. Beauregard, Gen. P. T., 81. Beef heads, 96. Benedict, David, 120. Bentonsville, N. C, 94. Bethune, D. S., 10. Bibliography. Authorities used, 10. Bird, D. D., 121. Bledsoe, F. P., 10. Blue, P. J., 98. Bonnie blue flag, 21-2. Boone's battery, 52. Boykind, F., 122. Bracken, W. B., 121. Braden, Jno., 122. Bradford, John. Letter of, 44. Bradford, steamer, 27. Bragg, Gen. Braxton, 13, 23, 27, 32, 38. Brand, Maj. J. L., 53. Brandon, Jno., 121. Branning, E., 121. Breckinridge, Gen. J. C, 55. Brewer's Alabama. Cited, 10, 50. Brogan, Mike, 98, 111. Brooks, Bryant, 78, 79. Brooks, William, 122. Browder, Joshua, (Co. C), 121. Browder, Joshua (Co. G.), 122. Brown, Col., 27. Brown, Gen., 87. Bullock, B. C, 15, 16. Bushwhackers, infamous char acter of, 82-3. Caldwell, Dr. J. D., 13. Calloway, Lee, 120. Camp Butler, prison, 39-41, 43, 45. Camp Douglas, prison, 39, 125. 24, Camp Randall, 125. Carmichael, D., 32. Carolina campaign, 93-4. Surrender of army, 94. Carondelet, gunboat, 37. Castlebury, R. S., 122. Cedar Point, 72. Chalmers, Col., 27. Chappell, Sam, 87. Chase, Prof. F. T., 103. Sketch of, 115. Christwood, W., 122. Clayton Guards, 13, 20, 102. Clayton, Bertram, 17. Clayton, Henry D., jr., 17. Clayton, Gen. Henry D., 13. Sketch of, 17. Clark, Dr., 112. Clark, Capt. John, 13. Clebume, Gen. Pat., 87. Clements, Wm. F., 102-3. Clifton, R. W., 121. Cochran, Judge John, 15, 16. (185) 138 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. Cockrell, Gen., 87. Codrick, J. F., 122. Companies of 1st Ala. regiment, 13, 32-3. See also particular 'names. Confederate Military History. Cited, 12, 50. Confederate Veterans' Associa tion, Washington, D. C, 123. "Confederate Rest," 39. Conyers, Capt. Y. D., 13. Coon, Samuel, 120. Cooper, Thomas, 122. Crew, Isham, 120. Curry, Dr. Walter, 13. Custer, Gen., 87. Dabney, Lt., 60. David, President Jefferson, 81. Dawson, Capt. Geo. W., 13. Dawson, J. G., 122. Dead, Confederate, at Madison, Wis., 120-3. DeGournay's battalion of artil lery, 49, b7, 61. Decatur, skirmish at, 81. Demmins, T. T., 121. Dent, Capt. S. H., 13. Department of Archives and History of Ala., 5, 9, 10, 12. DePuster, Samuel, 123. Dewey, Admiral George. Letter from, 56-7. Dr. Beatty, transport, 53. Drinkard, P. L., 122. Dykes, Owen, 101. Bamed, W. T., 121. Edwards, J. M., 121. Egsry, Thomas, 121. Eufaula Pioneers, 13, 21, 32. Eufaula Rifles, 13, 32. Evans, Gen. Clement A. Conf. Mil. History, 10, 50. Bwing, steamer, 27. Drill, 16. Enlistment, 13, 72. Flags, 23. Food, 51, 67, 96. History of, 9-12. Island No. Ten, 34. Meridian, Mobile and (Jeor- paign, 71. Numbers at Port Hudson, 49. Officers, 13, 33. Organization, 13. Paroled, 69. Pensacola campaign, 13. Personnel, 15. Port Hudson campaign, 48, 71. Prison life, 39-46, 129. Reminiscences of, 95. Reorganization, 32. Retreat from Tenn., 92. Reunion, 11. Sickness, 24, 40, 67. Surrender, final, 94. Tennessee campaign, 82. Uniformed, 23. Flags, 23. Fleet, Federal. Pensacola attacked by, 29-30. Port Hudson attacked by, 52-7. Foote, Maj. H. S., 36. Ford, Dr., 110. Forest Hill cemetery, Madison, Wis., 123-5. Forrest, Gen. N. B., 85. Fort Barrancas, 14, 16, 20, 21, 30, 34. Fort Delaware, 135. Fort Gaines, 72. Fort McRee, 14, 21, 28, 29, 30. Fort Pickens, 14, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27-8. Port Powell, 72. Fort Redoubt, 14. Fox, D. J., 18. Franklin, battle of, 84. Fulton, T. D.. 121. Fairchild, Gov. Lucius, 126. Falks, H.. 120. Farmer, J. J., 121. Farragut. Commodore D. G., 52, 53. First Regiment, Ala. Vol. Inf'ty. Amusements, 52. Arms, 62. Bentonsville flght, 94. Companies of, 13, 32-3. Decatur skirmish, 81. Dead of, 120-3. Gardner, Gen. Franklin, 48, 58, 59, 61, 62, 66, 68. Georgia campaign, 1864. Atlanta reached, 75. Charge of 1st Ala., 80. Evacuation of Atlanta, 81. Fourth of July celebration, 74. Hood supersedes Johnston, 75. Hood attacks Sherman, 76. March across North Ala., 81. Regiment joins Tennessee army, 72. (186) Index. 139 Retreat, 73-5. Tragic incidents, 77-9. Gibson, Jack, 22, 52. Gilmore, J. J., 122. Gilmore, J. W., 120. Gist, Gen., 87. Gladden, Gen. A. H., 13. Glisson, Henry, 121. Goodlet, D. Z., 10. Granbury, Gen., 87. Jarnegan, J. P., 122. "Jeff. Davis script," 41. Johnson, I. H., 95. Johnson, Capt. J. H., 13. Johnson, L. F., 13. Johnson's Island. Prison, 39-45. Col. Steedman's report on, 129. Johnston, Gen. J. E., 75, 93. Jones, J. K., 121. Gratiot Street prison, St. Louis, Judith, patrol boat, 27. 41. Grantham, M., 122. Guards of the Sunny South, 13, 33, 93. Greene, Wm., 122. Halbert, Henry S. Thanked for assistance, 12. Haley, Lt. A., 77. Ham, William, 123. Hamilton, Dr. J. C, 32. Harrison, Dora, 19, 41. Harrison, James, 41. Harrow, B. F., 121. Henry, J. B., 122. History of 1st Regt., Ala. Vol. Inf'ty. Authorities, 10. Part of a series, 5. Preparation, 9. Records of, 10. Reunion, 11. Scope of work, 11. Col. Steedman endorses, 12. Hoffman, Col., 130. Holt, Jno. R., 121. Hood, F. N., 120. Kaumater, Thomas, 122. Kearney, Lt. J. Watts, 53. Kniebe, L., 121. Knox, Maj. S. L., 32, 38, 71, 78, 86-7. Knowles, 32, 33. Larron, John, 121. Letters, difficulty in receiving and sending, 46. Lewis, Hugh, 128. Lloyd, Henry, 120. Lochridge, T. H., 120. Locke, Capt. L. E., 132, 133. Locke, M. B., 21, 33, 49, 59, 64, 97 98 Lockett, 0. W., 10. Lodwick, Joel, 122. Louisiana. Sentiment of the people toward the Confederacy, 70. Louisiana rum, 51. Lowry, James H., 10. McBeth, Capt. J. R., 134-5. McCaul, J. M., 121. Hood, Gen. J. B., 75, 80, 83, 86, McCown, Gen. J. P., 34, 36, 38, 87, 92. Hospital at Montgomery, 112. Hollingsiworth, C. A., 122. Hollister, N., 122. Indianola, gunboat, 53. Infinfer, Ham, 121. Incidents, 95. Ingraham, W. M., 120. Iron-clads at Port Hudson, 52. Isbell, Capt. R. H., 33, 48, 50. Island No. Ten campaign, 1862. Attacked, 36. Fall of, 38. Fortification, 35-6. Location of, 35. Pensacola evacuated, 34. Sickness at, 40. Trip to Island No. Ten, 34. 124. McKibbon, Davis, 121. McLean, Dan, 10. McLean, Hector, 10. McMorries, Prof. E. Y. Fortune telling, 118. In Milledgeville, 116. Member Perote Guards, 9. On furlough, 113. Personal reminiscences, 95-119. Regimental historian, 12. Sketch of, 9. Trip home, 109. Vice-President Reunion Asso ciation, 11. Mackall, Gen. W. W., 38. Madding, Dr., 32. Madison, Wis. Confederate dead at, 120-3. (187) 140 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. Prison at, 125. Mails, 46. Mannigault, Gen., 87. Mansell, B. F., 121. Marine hospital, 14, 24-28. Marquis, G. S., 121. Maryland. Loyalty of people to the South, 88. Mathews, W. C, 122. Manerief, J. A., 121. Meader, Harvey, 121. Meadows, Capt. J. D., 13, 33, 45, 99. Meredith, Zeke, 100. Meridian campaign, 71. Mettier, Charles, 121. Meucham, F. L., 122. Miles, Thomas B., 10. Miles, Col. W. R., 48, 58, 61, 68. Milledgeville, Ga., 116. Mims, Thomas, 122. Mississippi. Sentiment towards Confed eracy, 70. Mississippi, gunboat, 55. Mobile Bay campaign, 72. Montgomery Advertiser. Sketch flrst published in, 12. Moore, W., 120. Morrison, Col., 43. Morrison, J. T., 122. Nashville, battle of, 87, 91. Negro prison guards, 135. Nelms, steamer, 27. New light house, 14, 20. New York Zouaves, 27. Ofeicers. jin prison at Johnson's Island. 39. Old light house, 14, 20. Oliver, S. T., 121. O'Neal, Capt. 52. Organization of regiment, 13. Ostine, Thomas, 123. Owen, Thomas M. Locates flag of Perote Guards, 23. Prefatory note, 5. Preparation of history urged, 9. Thanked for aid, 12. Owens, Capt. A. H., 13. Padgett, Lt. E. J. M., 43, 102, 103. Patterson, James T., 115. Payne, Gen., 38, 41. Peacock, Benager, 121. Peacock, W. L., 121. Pensacola, bay and town, 14-15. Pensacola campaign, 1861. Bombardment of Fort Pick ens, 28. Defenses, 14. Evacuated, 34. Incidents, 21-3. Sickness at, 24. Perote Guards, 9, 20-1, 26, 33, 49, 52, 78, 94, 95, 113. Flag of, 23. McMorries in, 9. Organization, 13. Rolls of, 10. Uniforms, 23. Pipkons, Wm., 122. Polk, Gen., 74, 124. Port Hudson campaign, 1862-63. Amusements, 52. Description of, 48. Farragut attacks, 53. Federal fleet, 52. Fortifications, 49. Land attack, 57-61. Seige, 64-7. Sickness, 67. Col. Steedman's report, 60. Surrender, 62, 68. Tragic incidents, 65. Posey, Capt. Ben Lane, 13, 30. Prisons and prison life. Camp Butler, 39, 40-3. Camp Douglas, 39, 125. Dead at Madison, Wis., 120-8. Disease, 131. Escapes, 43. Exchanges, 46, 71, 132. Food, 43-5, 129-31, 134. Johnson's Island, 39, 45, 129. Col. Steedman's reminiscen ces, 132. Col. Steedman's report, 129. Treatment of prisoners, 42-3, 44-5, 120. Pruitt, Capt. W. H., 32, 33. Pugh, James L., 15, 16. Pulaski, 92. Quaries, Gen., 87. Ram, the Arkansas, 47, 55. Ramsey, Capt. D. W., 33. Reardon, N. T., 122. . Red Eagles, 13, 20, 30, 32. Reel Foot Lake, 35. (188) Index. 141 Reeves, John, 77. Register, Pierce, 120. Reminiscences. McMorries, 94. Col. Steedman, 132. Reorganization of regt., 32-3. Reunion of regt., 11. Retaliatory measures, 45, 133. Revolutionary soldier. George Steedman, 18. Riley, Robert, 121. Ross, J. H., 122. Rough and Ready Pioneers, 10, 13, 20, 33. Rucker's battery, 35, 36, 37, 47. Rumph, Dr. James D., 26. Rumph, Langdon L., 26. Russell, W. J., 122. Sager, S. J., 121. Sanford, John H., 10. Santa Rosa Island, 14. St. Louis Republican, 42. Scott, Gen., 87. Scott, D. M., 122. Shell fragments, 101. Shorter, Capt. H. R., 13. Sickness, 24, 40. Sissonly, C, 122. Slemmer, Lt. A. J., 15, 27. Small-pox, 134. Smart, N,. 123. Smith, Daniel P. History of Co. K cited, 10, 50. Smith, Edward, 122. Smith, J. F., 120. Smith, Col. M. J., 68. Smith, Wm., 122. Prest. Reunion Ass'n., 11. Prison life, 39-45. Prison reports, 129. Reminiscences, 132. Sketch, 17-20. War service summarized, 18-19. Steedman, Edwin H., 19. Steedman, George, 18. Steedman, ueorge Fox, 19. Steedman, John, 18. Steedman, James H., 19. Steedman, Reuben, 18. Steedman, Capt. S. D., 32, 50, 64, 135. Stoner, H. J., 120. Stoyner, J. V., 120. Strahl, Gen., 87. Strickland, J. H., 120. Stubbs, Capt. J. T., 33. Surgeons of 1st regt., 13, 32. Sullens, Capt. Brad, 32, 134. Talladega Rifles. See Alabama Rifles. Tallapoosa Rifles, 10, 13, 33. Taylor, Isaac, 122. Taylor, Robert, 122. Tennessee. Southern sympathies, 83, 88. Tennessee campaign, 1864. Beginning of, 82. Columbia evacuated by the Federals, 83. Franklin, battle of, 84. Hardships, 92. Losses, 91. Nashville, battle of, 87, 91. Soldiers' Home at Demopolis, 111. Retreat from Tenn., 92. Soles, Newton, 65. Southem, sentiment, 15-16. Southem, sympathizers, 41, 44. Spears, A. L., 122. Spears, G. W., 121. Specie paid regt., 22. Spirit of the South in 1861, 15, 16.Transportation, 34, 41, 45 Steedman, Col. I. G. W., 41, 45, 50, 64, 97, 124, 135. Birth and education, 17. Capt. Wilcox True Blues, 13. Clayton's estimate of, 20. Thom, Capt., 9. Thornton, J. M., 11. Thuwers, J. H., 122. Times, steamer, 27. Tiptonville, 35, 38, 41. Tobacco, use of in army, 68 . Col. of regt., 13, 18, 32. Data collected by, 10. Endorses history, 12. Family, 19. Marriage, 19, 45. Physician, 19. Port Hudson, 59-68. Ubry, J. B., 121. Uniforms, 23. Vallandigbam, 114. Warrenton, Fla., 14. Washburn, Gov., 126. Washington, D. C. Veterans' Association, 123. Waterman, Mrs. Alice W., 39, 40. Sketch of, 123-128. (189) ]^42 First Alabama Regiment, C. S. A. Wheeler, Gen. Joseph, 20. Williams, Capt. Richard, 33, 85, Wheeler, S. R., 10, 11. 102. White, J. R., 122. WiJliamson, Lt., 93. Whitfleld, Capt. Jno. F., 32, 33, 50. Willis, Samuel, 123. Wicks, N. J., 122. Women of the South, 70, 113, Wilcox True Blues, 13, 18, 27, 33. 116, 118. Wingfleld, Col., 61. Wood, Capt. John H., 33. Wilkes, John, 120. Wyandotte, gunboat, 27. Williams, Maj. Jere N., 13, 20. Wylie, J. M., 122. (190) State of Alabama Department of Archives and History THOMAS M. OWEN, Director BULLETIN NO. 3 CHECK LIST Newspaper and Periodical Files Department of Archives and History OF THE STATE OF ALABAMA COMPILED BY THE DIRECTOR MONTGOMERY, ALA.: THB BBOWN PRINTING CO.. PKINTEES AND BINDEHS. 1904. 3 prefatory note. The extent and variety of its newspaper and periodical collec tions is one of the most striking and satisfactory evidences ot the general activity of the Department of Archives and History. Their value to students of Southern and Alabama history has been demonstrated in many ways, and the files are constantly in demand by local students and visitors for consultation, compari son and reference. They are being constantly drawn upon in the special work, researches and investigations of the Depart ment. In order to make the collection more generally useful, and to indicate its strength this check list has been prepared. An ex amination will reveal many interesting items. Particular atten tion is directed to the very full files for the following Alabama towns : Birmingham, Brewton, Calera, Carrollton, Eufaula, Florence, Gainesville, Greensboro, Huntsville, Jacksonville, Mo bile, Montgomery, Selma, Talladega, Tuscaloosa, and Tuskegee ; and also to the lists of Georgia, New York, and South Carolina files. The collection contains the following sets of important periodicals : The .Southern Review, The Southern Quarterly Re view, and the Southern Agriculturist, Charleston; American Antiquarian, Chicago; Virginia Magazine of History and Bio graphy, Richmond; American Historical Magazine, Nashville, Tenn. ; Educational Review, New York ; Publications of the Southem History Association, Washington, D. C. ; Bulletin of the New York Public Library ; and the American Historical Re- viezv. New York. Through the courtesy of publishers, for which public ac knowledgment is here made, the Department is receiving prac tically all current issues of the Alabama newspaper and periodi cal press. They have accumulated rapidly, and are carefully preserved. Except in a few cases, however, these have not as yet been bound, and are therefore not listed herein. The arrangement is alphabetical, first, by States, and second ly, by towns or places of publication. In the case of the Ala bama files, the name of the county follows the name of the town. The arrangement is also chronological under each town as near (193) 4 Department of Archives and History. as practicable. No effort has been made to observe biblio graphical niceties, or to give a history of any of the papers rep resented. In a general way the form for such work adopted by the Library of Congress in its Check List of American News papers (1901) has been followed. Elsewhere will be found a list of abbreviations. Montgomery, September 30, 1904. (194) CONTENTS. Title I Prefatory Note 3 Contents 5 Abbreviations 6 Alabama 7 Diftrict of Columbia 35 Florida 37 Georgia. 37 Illinois 40 Indiana 40 Iowa 41 Kansas 41 Kentucky 42 Louisiana 42 Maryland 43 Massachusetts 44 Mississippi 46 Missouri L 47 New Hampshire 47 New York 48 North Carolina 52 Ohio 5,2 Pennsylvania 53 South Carolina 54 Tennessee 60 Texas 6;^ Virginia 65 West Virginia C'5 Wisconsin 65 Foreign 63 (195) ABBREVIATIONS. d daily. w weekly. s. w semi-weekly. t. w tri-weekly. m monthly. b. m bi-monthly. s. m semi-monthly. o. s old series. n. s new series. n. d not dated. et seq et sequitur. vol volume. no number. book .... means a bound volume. (196) ALABAMA. Anniston, Calhoun County. The Evening News. d. May 4, 23, 1892. The Daily Hot Blast, d. May 4, June 11, 1892. Ashville, St. Clair County. Democrat Farmer, w. Aug. 31, 1848. The Southern Aegis, w. Sept. 9, 16, Oct. 7, 14, 21, 28, Nov. 4, 1897. Auburn, Lee County. The Auburn Graphic, w. Oct. 10, 1891. vol. Ii, No. 3. The toermonizer. m July, 1893-Sept. 1902. vol. i. No. 1-vol. viii. No. 9. 1 book Orange and Blue. Nov. 7, 1894-June 11, 1902. vol. 1, No. 1-vol. viii. Students' publication, Alabama Polytechnic Institute. Birmingham, Jefferson County. The Alabama True Issue, w. Oct. 16, 1880. vol. i, No. 18. The Sunday Moming Chronicle, w. July 8, Aug. 12, 1883. (197) Department of Archives and History. Birmingham Chronicle, d. Jan. 1-July 1, 1885. 1 book. July 1-Dec. 31, 1885. 1 book. Jan. 1-May 30, 1886. 1 book. May 1-Dec. 28, 1886. 1 book. Sept. 1-Dec. 30, 1886. 1 book. Birmingham Age-Herald, d. Nov. 1887-Dec. 1890. 1 book. Sundry numbers. Sept.-Dec. 1890. 1 book. Sundry numbers. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1891. 1 book. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1892. 3 books. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1893. 3 books. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1894. 3 books. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1895. 3 books. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1896. 3 books. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1897. 3 books. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1898. 3 books. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1899. 3 books. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1900. 3 books. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1901. 3 books. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1902. 3 books. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1903. 3 books. Jan. 1-Aug. 31, 1904. 2 books. The Daily News. d. March 4, 1891-March 14, 1892. 1 book. March 14-July 14, 1892. 1 book. July 15-Nov. 14, 1892. 1 book. Nov. 15, 1892-March 30, 1893. 1 book. The Birmingham Ledger, w. Aug. 20, 1892-Dec. 23, 1893. 'l book. Alabama Presbyterian, m. August, 1896. Vol. iv. No. 8. Weekly Tribune, w. March 11, 1899-June 23, 1900. 1 book. (198) Newspaper and Periodical Files. The Spectator, m. April-September, 1901. Vol. i, Nos. 1-6. Oct. 1901-March, 1902. Vol. ii, Nos. 1-6. April-August, 1902. Vol. iii, Nos. 1-5. No more issued. The Bookworm, m. December, 1900-November, 1901. Vol. i, Nos. 1-9. December, 1901-1902. Vol. ii, Nos. 1-8. No more issued. Y. M. C. A. Monthly Magazine, m. November, 1886-October, 1887. Vol. i, Nos. 1-12. 5, 9. Educational Exchange, m. 1890-91. Vol. iii, Nos. 3, 4, 1892. Vol. vii, Nos. 10-12. 1893. Vol. viii. 1894. Vol. ix. 1895. Vol. X. 1896. Vol. xi. 1897. Vol. xii. 1898. Vol. xiii. 1899. Vol. xiv, Nos. 1-12. 1900. Vol. XV. 1901. Vol. xvi. 1902. Vol. xvii. 1903. Vol. xviii. Sunday School Herald, m. June, 1899-March, 1900. Vol. iv, Nos. 1-9. June, 1901. Vol. vi. No. 8. April, 1902. Vol. — Vol. vi et seq published at Montgomery. The Southern Farmer, m. 1904. Vol. xviii. Brewton, Escambia County. Escambia Banner, w. June 2, 1883-Dec. 31, 1885. Vol. i. No. 1 et seq. 1 book. Jan. 4, 1886-Nov. 3, 1887. On July 1, 1886, became The Bre-wton Banner. (199) 10 Department of Archives and History. Ihe Standard Gauge, w. Jan. 21, 1888-June 27, 1889. July 4, 1889-June 26, 1890. July 3, 1890-June 25, 1891. July 2, 1891-June 30, 1892. July 7, 1892-July 6, 1893. 1 book. July 13, 1893-June 28, 1894. 1 book July 5, 1894-June 27, 1895. 1 book. July 4, 1895-June 25, 1896. July 2, 1896-June 24, 1897. July 1, 1897-June 23, 1898. July 7, 1898-June 29, 1899. July 6, 1899-June 28, 1900. July 5, 1900-June 27, 1901. July 18, 1901-June 26, 1902 Vol. i. No. 30 et seq. 1 book. 1 book. 1 book. 1 book. 1 book. 1 book. 1 book. 1 book. 1 book. 1 book. 1 book. The Brewton Leader, w. May 23, 1893-Jan. 23, 1894. Vol. ii. No. 1 et seq. The Pine Belt News. w. Feb. 27, 1894-Feb. 19, 1895. Feb. 26, 1895-Feb. 18, 1896. Feb. 25, 1896-Feb. 18, 1897. Feb. 25. 1897-Feb. 17, 1898. Feb. 24, 1898-Feb. 16, 1899. Feb. 23, 1899-Feb. 15, 1900. Feb. 22, 1900-Feb. 14, 1901. Feb. 21, 1901-Feb. 13, 1902. The Laborers' Banner, w. March 3, 1900-Feb. 23, 1901. March 2, 1901-March 1, 1902. March 15-May 17, 1902. Discontinued after last date. Cahaba, Dallas County. The Dallas Gazette, w. Jan. 5-Dec. 26, 1854. 1 book. Jan. 12-Dec. 21, 1855. 1 book. Jan. 4-Dec. 23, 1856. 1 book. Jan. 2-Dec. 22, 1857. 1 book. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1858. 1 book. Jan. 7-Dec. 30, 1859. 1 book. (200) 1 et seq. 1 book. Vol. i. No, 1 book. 1 book. 1 book. 1 book. 1 book. 1 book. 1 book. Vol. i. No. 1 et seq. 1 book. Newspaper and Periodical Files. 11 The American Citizen, w. Aug. 11, 1855. Vol. i. No. 47. Calera, Shelby County. The Shelby Sentinel, w. Sept. 9, 1875-Sept. 6, 1877. Vol. i. No. 1 et seq. 1 book. Sept. 18, 1877-Aug. 21, 1879. 1 book. Aug. 28, 1879-June 8, 1882. 1 book. Aug. 3, 1893-Dec. 31, 1896. 1 book. Jan. 7, 1897-Nov. 2, 1899. 1 book. Carrollton, Pickens County. The West Alabamian. w. Jan. 6, 1869-Dec. 27, 1871. 1 book. Jan. 3, 1872-Dec. 29, 1875. 1 book. Jan. 5, 1876-Dec. 31, 1879. 1 book. Nov. 11, 1885. Claiborne, Monroe County. Alabama Courier, w. March 29, 1822. Vol. iii, No. 33. Clayton, Barbour County. The Clayton Courier, w. July 26, 1879; March 2, 1899; Dec. 1, 1894. Collinsville, DeKalb County. The Wills' Valley Post. w. August 9, 1879. Columbiana, Shelby Co-unty. The Shelby Chronicle, w. March 30, 1892. Cottondale, Tuscaloosa County. Our Country and its Future, w. April 8-Nov 24, 1899. Vol. i, Nos. 1-34. No more issued. (201) 12 Department of Archives and History. CullmoM, Cullman County. Alabama Tribune, w. Aug. 29, 1889. The Alabama Republican, w. Jan. 17-May 23, 1901. Vol. i, Nos. 1-19, n. s. Dadeville, Tallapoosa County. Dadeville Banner, w. March 2, 1853. Decatur, Morgan County. North Alabama Times, w. Aug. 6, 1859. Vol. i, No. 51. Demopolis, Marengo County. The Demopolis Express, w. Feb. 21, 28, March 7, 14, 21, 28, April 4, 1895. Dothan, Houston County. Cackles and Scratches, m. June, 1902. Vol. i. No. 1. Eoist Lake, Jefferson County. The Boys' Banner, m. May, 1901-March, 1902. Vol. i, Nos. 1-12. April, 1902-Dec. 1903. Vol. ii. Jan. 1903-Oct. 1903. Vol. iii. Nov. 1903-1904. Vol. iv. Edwardsville, Cleburne County. Edwardsville Standard, w. Oct. %. 1894. The Standard News. w. March 17, May 5, 1892. (202) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 13 Eufaula, Barbour County. The Eufaula Democrat, w. July 8, 1846-June 27, 1848. Vol. ii. No. 1 et seq. 1 book. July 4, 1848-June 22, 1850. 1 book. July 2, 1850-June 24, 1851. 1 book. Spirit of the South, w. July 1, 1851- June 22, 1852. 1 book. May 8, 1855-July 24, 1860. Aug. 27, Sept. 10, 1861. The Bluff City Times, w. April 15, 1868-April 18, 1872. Vol. i. No. 1 et seq. 1 book. Name changed to Eufaula Weekly Times, w. May 2, 1872-April 24, 1873. 1 book. Eufaula Weekly News. w. March 26, 1874. Eufaula Times and News. w. Sept. 9, 1880-Dec. 30, 1884. Vol. xxvi. No. 37. 1 book. Jan. 6-Dec. 31, 1885. 1 book. Jan. 7-Dec. 30, 1886. 1 book. Jan. 6-Dec. 22, 1887. 1 book. Jan. 4-Dec. 20, 1888. 1 book. Jan. 3, 1889-Dec. 25, 1890. 1 book. Jan. 1, 1891-Dec. 29, 1892. 1 book. Jan. 5, 1893-Dec. 27, 1894. 1 book. Jan. 3-Dec. 26, 1895. 1 book. Jan. 2-Dec. 31, 1896. 1 book. Jan. 7-Dec. 30, 1897. 1 book. Jan. 6-Dec. 29, 1898. 1 book. The Eufaula Weekly Bulletin, w. March 5, 1881-March 8, 1882. Vol. i, No. 1 et seq. 1 book. The Eufaula Daily Times, d. April 27-Oct. 27, 1872. Vol i. No. 16 et seq. 1 book. Oct. 29, 1872-April 27, 1873. 1 book. (203) 14 Department of Archives and History. The Daily Times, d. Nov. 25, 1882-Dec. 30. 1883. 1 book. Jan. 1-June 30, 1885. 1 book. July 1-Dec. 29, 1886. 1 book. Jan. 1-June 30, 1887. 1 book. July 1-Dec. 25, 1887. 1 book. Jan. 1-June 30, 1888. 1 book. July 1-Dec. 30, 1888. 1 book. Jan. 1-June 30, 1889. 1 book. Aug. 7-Oct. 31, 1889 and May 1-31, 1890. 1 book. Jan. 1-June 29, 1890. 1 book. July 1-Dec. 31, 1890. 1 book. Jan. 1-June 30, 1891. 1 book. Jujy 1-Dec. 31, 1891. 1 book. Jan.l-June 30, 1892. 1 book. July 1-Dec. 31, 1892. 1 book. Jan. 1-June 30, 1893. 1 book. July 1-Dcc. 31, 1893. 1 book. Jan. 2-June 29, 1894. 1 book. Jan. 1-June 30, 1895. 1 book. July 2-Dec. 31, 1895. 1 book. July 1-Dec. 31, 1896. 1 book. Jan. 1-June 30, 1897. 1 book. July 1-Dec. 31, 1897. 1 book. July 1-Dec. 30, 1898. 1 book. Alabama Poultry and Pet Stock Journal, m. Aug. 1899-1900. Vol. i. 1900-1904. Vol. ii. 1904. Vol. iii. Eutaw, Greene County. The Independent Observer, w. May 17, 1861. The Alabama Whig. w. Jan. 19, 1854. Vol. xiv. No. 48. Whole No. 724. The Eutaw Whig and Observer, w. July 24, 31, 1879. (204) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 15 The Eutaw Mirror, w. May 27, Aug. 5, 19, Sept. 2, 9, 16, 30, Oct. 14, 28, Nov. 4, 11, 18, 25, Dec. 2, 9, 1884. Florence, Lauderdale County. Florence Register and Public Advertiser, w. Sept. 9, 1826. Vol. ii. No. 23, Whole No. 75. Florence Enquirer, w. Aug. 22, 1840. Vol. i, No. 24. Florence Gazette, w. Oct. 1, 1858-Jan. 11, 1860. 1 book. Vol. xxxvi. No. 4. Jan. 18, 1860-July 10, 1861. 1 book. July 17, 1861-Jan. 31, 1863. 1 book. Daily Florence Gazette, d. Aug. 5, 1861. Vol. i. No. 1. Florence Journal, w. March 29, 1871. Vol. v. No. 16. Lauderdale Times, w. April 11, 1871-Nov. 19, 1872. Vol. i. No. 1 et seq. The Times and Journal, w. Nov. 27, 1872-Feb. 19, 1873. Vol. ii, No. 34. And became (Feb. 26, 1873) Florence Times- Journal, w. Feb. 26, 1873-Sept. 9, 1874. Florence Republican, w. Jan. 20, 1874-Oct. 20, 1874. Vol. i. No. 2 et seq. North Alabama Farm and Home. w. April 6, 1875. Vol. i. No. 5. The Normal Gem. m. Jan. 1-June 1, 1889. Vol. i, Nos. 1-6. December, 1889. Vol. ii, No. 3. (205) 16 Department of Archives and History. Forkland, Greene County. The Forkland Progress, w. May 31, 1890-Aug. 1, 1891. Vol. i. No. 1-Vol. ii. No. 10. 1 No more issued. Port Payne, DeKalb County. P'ort Payne Journal, w. June 25, 1886. Gadsden, Etowah County. Gadsden Herald, w. J^n. 24, 1851. Gadsden Times, w. Jan. 4, 25, Feb. 8, 22, July 3, 1867. The Gadsden News. w. Sept. 6, 27, 1883. Gainesville, Sumter County. The Independent, w. Nov. 18, 1854-July 31, 1858. Vol. i, No. 16-Vol. iv. No. 52. 1 book. Oct. 2, 1858-Sept. 23, 1865. Vol. v. No. 8-Vol. xii, No. 6. 1 book. Greensboro, Hale County. Alabama Sentinel, w. April 9-Sept. 24, 1836. Vol. iii, Nos. 22-46. Alabama Beacon, w. May 13, 1843-Nov. 5, 1889. Vol. iv. No. 1, et seq. 13 books. July 26, 1879; April 17, May 1, 8, 15, 22, July 24, Oct. 2, 1880; March 31, April 14, 1882. Sundry numbers. The Southern Watchman, w. July 30, 1879. (206) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 17 Greenville, Butler County. Southern Messenger, w. March 16, 1859-Dec. 19, 1860. Vol. Ii, No. 11-Vol. iii No. 51. Aug. 15, 1860-July 3, 1861. Sundry numbers. The South Alabamian. w. April 7, 1860-Dec. 22, 1860. Vol. xiii. No. 14 et seq. Bound with the first lot of the preceding, 1859-60, in 1 book. The Greenville Advocate, w. April 9, 1884. Grove Hill, Clarke County. The Macon Banner, w. April 18, Aug. 1, Oct. 1, 1846. Grove Hill was originally called Macon. Southern Recorder, w. April 7, July 14, 1847; Feb. 23, April 12, Aug. 18, Nov. 8. 1848; and Feb. 7, Sept. 19, 1849. The Grove Hill Herald, w. Aug. 7, Oct. 23, Nov. 13, 1850; Aug. 18, Nov. 3, 1852; and Oct. 11, 1854. Clarke County Democrat, w. Jan. 31, 1856-Feb. 4, 1858. Vol. i, No. 1 et seq. 1 book. Feb. 11, 1858-March 1, 1860. 1 book. May 8, 1860-Sept. 11, 1862. 1 book. Jan. 1, 1863-Aug. 31, 1865. 1 book. Jan. 4, 1866-Dec. 24, 1868. 1 book. Jan. 7, 1869-April 8, 1873. 1 book. May 6, 1873-Dec. 28, 1876. 1 book. Jan. 4, 1877-Dec. 28, 1881. 1 book, Jan. 5, 1882-Dec. 30, 1886. 1 book. Jan. 6, 1887-Dec. 25, 1890. 1 book. Jan. 1, 1891-Dec. 27, 1894. 1 book. Jan. 10, 1895-Dec. 30, 1897. 1 book. Established in 1856, as the Democrat, name changed to the Journal, Jan. 1, 1863, and on Nov. 22, 1866, the old name resumed. 2 (207) 18 Department of Archives and History. Guntersville, Marshall County. The Marshall Eagle, w. Jan. 5, 1852; Nov. 4, 11, 1853; June 9, 1854; Jan. 5, March 2, June 22, 1855. The Tennessee Valley, w. July 1, Oct. 14, 1856. The Marshall County News. w. April 23, 1858. Hayneville, Lowndes County. The Watchman, w . Oct. 12, 1855. Vol. V, No. 32. The Hayneville Examiner, w. Dec. 18, 1879. Highland Home, Crenshaw County. Two Mites, w. May 4, 1900-Jan. 3, 1902. Vol. i, No. 25-Vol iii, No. 4. With the issue of Sept. 6, 1901, the name became Apos tles' Teachings. Huntsville, Madison County. Huntsville Republican, w. Aug. 5, 1817. Vol. i, No. 49. Name changed to the Alabama Republican, w. Sept. 15, 1820-Sept. 13, 1822. Vol. v, No. 1-Vol. vii. No. i. book. Succeeded by the Southern Advocate and Huntsville Advertiser, w. May 6, 1825-April 27, 1827. Vol. i, No. 1 et seq. 1 book May 11, 1827-April 23, 1830. 1 book. April 30, 1830-April 21, 1832. 1 book. May 12, 1832-Feb. 4, 1834. 1 book. Fob. 18, 1834-Jan. 17, 1837. 1 book. April 26. 1844-April 23, 1847. 1 book. May 21, 1847-March 26, 1851. 1 book. (208) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 19 Southern Advocate and Huntsville Advertiser. w.-Con. April 2, 1851-Dec. 27, 1854. 1 book. Jan. 3, 1855-Aug. 6, 1857. 1 book. Aug. 13, 1857-June 26, 1861. 1 book. Feb. 28, March 28, April 4, July 25, 1839; June 4. 1840; Oct. 4, 1844; June 17, 1848; July 9, 1851; and Aug. 29, 1860. The Democrat, w. Aug. 8, 1840; Oct. 2, 1841; Feb. 5, 1842; June 12, Oct. 30, 1844; and Dec. 12, 1850. March 24, 1880-Dec. 17, 1884. Broken file. Nov. 8, 1867. Weekly Independent, w. Jan. 11, 1868. Alabama Teachers' Journal, m. Sept. 1885-March, 1886. Vol. i, Nos, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Feb., April, May, 1886. Vol. ii, Nos. 8, 10, 11. March and June, 1888. Vol. iii, Nos. 6 and 9. Vol. iii published in Montgomery. The Tribune. (Monument Edition.) Nov. 29, 1900. Jacksonville, Calhoun County. Jacksonville Republican, w. Jan. 28, 1837-Dec. 27, 1838. 1 book. May 22, 1840-Dec. 16, 1851. 1 book. March 9, 1852-Dec. 17, 1857. 1 book. Jan. 14, 1858-Dec. 21, 1867. 1 book. Jan. 4, 1868-Dec. 27, 1873. 1 book. Jan. 3, 1874-Dec. 23, 1878. 1 book. Jan. 4, 1879-Dec. 29, 1883. 1 book. Jan. 5, 1884-Sept. 15, 1888. 1 book. Jan. 5, 1889-Dec. 30, 1893. 1 book. July 1, Aug. 12, Sept. 9, Oct. 7, 1840; Sept. 1, Oct. 27, Dec. 1, 8, 1841; June 15, July 13, Sept. 28, 1842; Nov. 1, 1843; Feb. 21, Sept. 11, 1844; June 20, 1848; Jan. 27, Feb. 17, July 20, 1852. Sundry numbers. (209) 20 Department of Archives and History. Sunny South, w. May 27, Sept. 16, 1851; May 4, Aug. 31, Nov. 16, 1852; June 21, Dec. 20, 1853; March 14, 1854; and June 28. 1856. The People's Journal, w. Jan. 12, 1899. Lafayette, Chambers County. The East Alabamian. w. Oct. 21, 1842; July 8, 29. Aug. 11, 19. Sept. 9. 23. Nov. 4, Dec. 2, 16, 1843. Linden, Marengo County. The Linden Jeffersonian. w. July 4. 1860. Vol. viil. No. 33. The Marengo Recorder, w. Sept. 5, 1866. Vol. i. No. 50. Livingston, Sumter County. Sumter County Whig. w. April 22. 1851-Aprll 19, 1854. Vol. xl, No. 1, whole No. 521-Vol. xiii, No. 52. 1 book. April 20. 1852-Aprll 19. 1854. 1 book. April 26, 1854-April 16, 1856. 1 book. Ceased publication with the issue of April 16, 1856, Vol. XV, No. 52, and succeeded by the Weekly Messenger. Marion, Perry County. The Marion Herald, w. Jan. 16. 1845. Alabama Baptist Advocate, w. Feb. 23. 1849-July 24, 1850. Old series. Vol. vii. No. 1, new series Vol. i. No. 1. With the issue of July 31. 1850, became the Soutli Western Ba/ptist, and Dec. 8, 1852, began publication at Montgomery, where it continued until Jan. 1, 1854. See Tuskegee. (210) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 21 The Marion Commonwealth, w. Dec. 10, 1858; July 12. 1866. The Baptist Correspondent, w. Dec. 5. 1860. Vol. i. No. 48. Judson Echoes, m. Feb. 1. 1887. Vol. vi. No. 3. Moulton, Lawrence County. The Christian Herald, w. July 28, 1865-Dec. 7, 1866. Vol. i. No. 2-Vol. ii, No. 22. 1 book. The Moulton Advertiser, w. March 17, 1880-Dec. 27, 1883. Broken files. Mobile, Mobile County. Mobile Commercial Register, w. Oct. 9, 1830-May 30. 1831. 1 book. June 6, 1831-May 26, 1832. 1 book. June 2. 1832-May 31. 1833. 1 book. Dec. 21. 1833-Dec. 31, 1834. 1 book. Jan. 3. 1835-Dec. 30. 1835. 1 book. Jan. 6, 1836-Dec. 31, 1836. 1 book. Jan. 4, 1837-Dec. 30. 1837. 1 book. Commercial Reporter and Shipping List, of the Mobile Morning Chronicle. Dec. 13, 1837. Vol. ii, No. 5. The Herald and Tribune, d. May 1, 1845-Oct. 31, 1845. Vol. ii, No. 52-Vol. iv No. 6 (sic). No. 216. 1 book. May 1, 1845-Oct. 31, 1846. Vol. v. Nos. 53-249. 1 book. Dec. 1, 1847-May 31, 1848. Vol. vi. No. 1829-Vol. vii. No. 1979. 1 book. Nov. 1. 1849-April 30, 1850. Vol. viii. No. 2315-Vol. ix. No. 2466. 1 book. Oct. 5, 1850-Marcli 30, 1851. Vol, x, No. 2610-No. 3056. 1 book. (211) 22 Department of Archives and History. Mobile Daily Advertiser, d. Dec. 11, 1847. Mobile Register and Journal, d. Jan. 1-Oct. 31, 1849. 1 book. Mobile Advertiser, s-w. Dec. 15. 1851. Mobile Weekly Advertiser, w. July 31, 1852. Vol. i. No. 31. The Mobile Weekly Register and Advertiser, w. Feb. 10, 1862. Mobile Advertiser and Register, w. Jan. 6, 11, Feb. 15. March 4, Oct. 22, 1863. Advertiser and Register, d. Jan. 1-June 30, 1863. 1 book. July 16-Dec. 30, 1865. 1 book. Weekly Advertiser, w. Sept. 2, 1865-Dec. 29, 1866. 1 book. Mobile Daily Advertiser and Register, d. Jan. 1, 1867-Dec. 31. 1867. 2 books. Mobile Daily Tribune, d. Sept. 29, 1862. Mobile Daily Tribune, d. Feb. 6. 1875. Vol. i. No. 90. Mobile Evening News. d. April 10. 1862, July 18, 1863. The Army Argus and Crisis, w. July 9, 1864. The Mobile Daily Tribune, d. Oct. 21, 1874-June 30. 1875. Vol. i. Nos. 1-213. 1 book. July 1, 1875-Dec. 31, 1875. Vol. i, No. 214-Vol. ii. No. 59. 1 book. Jan. 1, 1876-June 30. 1876. Vol. ii. Nos. 60-219. 1 book. July 1, 1876-Deo. 31, 1876. Vol. ii. No. 220-Vol. iii, No. 59. 1 book. (212) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 23 The Daily Register, d. July 23, 1879; March 28, 1884. Jan. 1. 1889-Dec. 31. 1900. 23 books. The Daily News. d. July 1, 1893-June 30, 1900. 14 books. The Daily Register, d. Dec. 7, 1889. (Contains full account of death of Jefferson Davis.) The Catholic Truth, w. Sept. 8, 1900-March 16. 1901. Vol. i, Nos. 18-37. Chat. w. Jan. 19, 1901-March 5, 1904. Vols. i-iv. Jewish Chronicle. See Montgomery. Monroeville, Monroe County. Southem Champion, w. April 6, 1860-April 26, 1861. 1 book. Montgomery, Montgomery County. Alabama Journal, w. Nov. 22, 1837. Vol. xii. No. 25. The American Cotton Planter, m. 1853. Vol. i, Nos. 1-12. 1855-1861. Sundry numbers. Advertiser and State Gazette, t. w. June 20, 1850. Advertiser and Gazette, w. July 9. 1851. Montgomery Advertiser and State Gazette, w. May 31, 1854-April 9, 1856. 1 book. Sept. 14. 1859. (218) 24 Department of Archives and History. Montgomery Daily Advertiser, d. April 15, 17, 20, May 10. 1862; March 6-29, 1866; May 31, 1871. Nov. 25, Dec. 25, 1874; Dec. 9. 1876; Aug. 1. 1879; May 29 1885; April 29, May 5-15, 1886; May 20-June 22. 1887. Sundry numbers. April 25-Dec. 31, 1873. 1 book. Jan. 1-June 30, 1874. 1 book. July 1-Nov. 13. 1874. 1 book. Jan. 3-June 30. 1877. 1 book. July 1-Dec. 30, 1877. 1 book. Jan. 1-June 30, 1878. 1 book. July 2-Dec. 31, 1878. 1 book. Jan. 1-June 29, 1879. 1 book. July 1-Dec. 31, 1879. 1 book. Jan. 1-June 29, 1880. 1 book. July 1-Dec. 31, 1880. 1 book. Jan. 1-July 20 ,1881. 1 book. July 1-Dec. 30. 1882. 1 book. Jan. 3-June 30, 1883. 1 book. July 1-Dec. 30, 1883. 1 book. Jan. 1-June 29, 1884. 1 book. July 1-Dec. 31, 1884. 1 book. Jan. 1-May 30, 1885. 1 book. Nov. 1885-June, 1886. 1 book. July-Dec. 1886. 1 book. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1891. 3 books. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1892. 3 books. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1893. 3 books. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1894. 3 books. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1895. 3 books. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1896. 3 books. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1897. 3 books. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1898. 3 books. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1899. 4 books. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1900. 4 books. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1901. 4 books. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1902. 4 books. Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1903. 4 books. Jan. 1-June 30, 1904. 2 books. (214) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 25 The Montgomery Weekly Advertiser, w. Feb. 18, 1863. Jan. 6-Dec. 29. 1875. 1 book. April 7, 1875-July 12, 1876. 1 book. Jan. 6-June 2, 1885. 1 book. Montgomery Daily Post. d. April 4, 1860-Oct. 4. 1861. Vol. i. No. 2 et seq. 1 book. Weekly "[ontgomery Confederation, w. June ?, 1860-Jan. 11. 1861. Vol. iii. Nos. 21-52. Sundry E :mbers. Montgomery Daily Mail. d. Feb. 12, June 24. and July 23, 1861; Sept. 6, Oct. 2, 1864. Montgomery Weekly Mail. w. Aug. 1, 1862-April 22. 1863. Vol. ix, Nos. 1-52. 1 book. March 21, 1867-April 29, 1868. 1 book. May 6, 1868-Nov. 10, 1869. 1 book. Nov. 24, 1869-Nov. 16, 1870. 1 book. Daily State Sentinel, d. Nov. 5. 8, 23. 29. Dec. 5. 1867. Daily Picayune, d. Oct. 5. Nov. 19. Nov. 20, 1868. Vol. i, Nos. 99, 137 and 138 Alabama State Journal, w. (Republican.) Jan. 9, 1869-Feb. 24. 1871. Vol. i. No 1 et seq. 1 book. Jan. 13. 1871-Dec. 27, 1872. 1 book. Alabama State Journal, d. (Republican.) Jan. 1-Dec. 31. 1871. 1 book. Jan. 3-Dec. 31, 1872. 1 book. Jan. 1-June 29, 1873. 1 book. Jan. 1-June 30. 1874. 1 book. July 1-Nov. 14. 1874. 1 book. State Fair Bulletin. Nov. 19. 1872. Vol. ii. No. 8. (215) 26 Department of Archives and History. The Southem Plantation, w. Jan. 14-Oct. 28, 1875. Vol. I. Nos. 11-52, pp. 1-744. 1 book Nov. 2. 1876-April 26, 1877. Vol. iii. Nos. 1-25. Southern Law Journal and Reporter./ m. Dec. 1879-Nov., 1881. Vol. i. No. 1-Vol. ii. No. 12. 2 vols. Alabama Baptist, w. Jan. 6, 1881-Dec. 27, 1883. 1 book. Jan. 3, 1884-Dec. 23, 1886. 1 book. Jan. 6, 1887-Dec. 19. 1889. 1 book. Jan. 2. 1890-Dec. 24. 1891. 1 book. Jan. 7, 1892-Dec. 21, 1893. 1 book. Jan. 4. 1894-Dec. 19, 1895. 1 book. Jan. 2. 1896-April 6, 1899. 1 book. The Daily Dispatch, d. April 29, 1886. The Alliance Herald, w. July 16, Nov. 19, 1891; May 4, July 7, 1893; April 26. May 3, 10, 17. 1894. Woman's Work. m. Dec. 1898-Aug., 1899. Vol. i. Sept., 1899-June. 1900. Vol. ii. The University School Boy. m. Aug. 16. 1899-April 25, 1903. Vols, i-iii. The Church Record, m. 1899-1904. Vols, viii-xiii. Prior to 1902 published in Tuscaloosa. The Jewish Chronicle, w. Nov. 3, 1899-1904. 4 vols. Until Oct. 25. 1901, published in Mobile. The Josephite. m. June, 1901-1904. Vols, iii-v. Sundry numbers. In His Steps, w. 1900-1902. Sundry numbers. (216) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 27 The Alabama Knight, m. Oct.. 1897-July, 1900. Vols, i-iii. The Alabama Odd Fellow, m. June, 1898-June, 1902. Vols. i-v. South Western Baptist. See Marion; see also Tuskegee. Alabama Teachers' Journal. See Huntsville. Simday School Herald. See Birmingham. Southern Agriculturist. See Nashville, Tenn. Pratt-ville, Autauga County. Southern Statesman, w. Dec. 20. 1854. The Autauga Citizen, w. July 2, 1874. The Southern Signal, w. Aug. 12. 1881. Roanoke, Randolph County. The Randolph County News. w. July 24, 1879. Scottsboro, Jackson County. Jackson County Herald, w. Oct. 22, 1868. The Scottsboro Citizen, w. July 25. 1879. Selma, Dallas County. Tri- Weekly Reporter, t. w. Aug. 13, 1856. (217) 28 Department of Archives and History. Selma Moming Reporter, d. June 1, Aug. 12, 1860. April 4. 1861-Dec. 30. 1862. 1 book. Jan. 1, 1863-Dec. 8. 1864. 1 book. Daily State Journal, d. Feb. 16. 23, March 20, 1862. Selma Morning Dispatch, d. Aug. 23. Nov. 6, 12. 18. Dec. 21. 1863. July 27, 1864. Selma Evening Dispatch, d. Jan. 13. 1864. Vol. i. No. 2. The Sunday Mississippian. w. Jan. 24, Oct. 30, Nov. 20, 27, Dec. 4. 11, 1864. The Daily Mississippian. d. July 7. Nov. 1. 1864. The Morning Times, d. Dec. 2, 1865- July 3, 1866. Vol. i, Nos. 131-297. 1 book. Feb. 10-July 3, 1866. Vol. i, Nos. 178-297. 1 book. Sept. 6. 1868-March 4, 1869. 1 book. The Selma Weekly Messenger, w. Nov. 10, 1866-Nov. 23. 1867. Vol. i. Nos. 1-49. 1 book. The Selma Daily Messenger, d. Feb. 21. 1866-Jan. 23, 1867. Vol. i. No. 243 et seq. 1 book. Nov. 1. 1866-June 5, 1867. Vol. ii. Nos. 132-311. 1 book. June 6. 1867-Jan. 29. 1868. Vol. iii. Nos. 2-205. 1 book. The Selma Times and Messenger, d. Jan. 30-May 9, 1868. Vol. iii. Nos. 206-291. 1 book. May 10-Sept. 5, 1868. Vol. iii. No. 292-Vol. iv, No. 78. 1 book. The Selma Times and Messenger, w. April 4, 1868. (218) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 29 The Southern Argus, w. June 16, 1869-Dee. 29, 1871. Vol. i. No. 1-Vol. iii. No. 52. 1 book. Jan. 5-Dec. 27. 1872. 1 book. Jan. 3-Dec. 26, 1873. 1 book. Jan. 2-Dec. 25, 1874. 1 book. Jan. 1-Dec. 31. 1875. 1 book. Jan. 7-Dec. 29. 1876. 1 book. Jan. 5-Dec. 28, 1877. 1 book. Jan. 4-Dec. 27. 1878. 1 book. Jan. 3-Dec. 26. 1879. 1 book. State Index, w. Nov. 22. Dec. 9, 1880; Jan. 1, Sept. 24, Oct. 8, 22, 29, Dec. 3, 10, 1881; Jan. 21. March 4. April 1, May 20, 27, Nov. 17, 24, Dec. 8, 1882; Jan. 12, 1883. The Moming Times, d. April 2, 1882. Progressive Democrat, w. Feb. 3, 10, 16. 1883. Six Mile, Bibb County. The Bibb Blade, w. June 3, 1880, Sept. 17, 1884. Suggsville, Clarke County. The Clarke County Post. w. May 9, 1836-Aug. 18, 1837. Vol. i, Nos. 3-42. 1 book. Talladega, Talladega County. The Patriot, w. May 6, July 1, Sept. 23, 1840. Dec. 1, 8. 1841. Vol. iii, Nos. 13 and 14. Southern Register, w. Aug. 11, 25, Sept. 1, 8, 1838. Vol. iv. No. 2 et seq. (219) 30 Department of Archives and History. Alabama Reporter, w. Nov. 7, 1844; Aug. 12, 1847; July 20, 1848; July 20, 1852; March 26, 1857. Democratic Watchtower. w. April 3, July 29, 1840; May 12, 1841; Aug. 16, 1843; July 12, 1848; Oct. 2, 1850; May 12, 1852; April 29, 1857. Sundry numbers. Jan. 5-Nov. 15, 1848. Jan. 30. 1861-Jan. 25, 1865. April 19. 1871-Nov. 27. 1872. Our Church Home. m. Nov. 1898-Aug. 1904. Vol. iii, No. 5-Vol. ix. No. 8. Troy, Pike County. Independent American, w. Aug. 8, 1855. Vol. i. No. 8. The Southern Advertiser, w. March 25, 1863. The Daily Messenger, d. 1892-1896. 2 vols. Tuscaloosa, Tuscaloosa County. Alabama State Intelligencer, w. April 10, 1829-June 4, 1830. Vol. i. No. 1 et seq. 1 book. State Rights Expositor and Spirit of the Press, w. Dec. 22, 1832. Flag of the Union, w. Dec 18, 1833, Feb. 12, 19, 1834. July 11, 1835-July 23, 1836. 1 book. Independent Monitor, w. Aug. 11, Dec. 15, 29, 1841; April 27. 1842; Feb. 1, June 21, 1843; Feb. 14, 1844; Dec 24, 1845; April 8, 1846; April 20, 1847; July 7, 20, 1848; Feb. 22, 1849; Sept. 2, 1852; July 15, 1853; Dec. 14, 1854; Nov. 22, 1855; May 15. 1867. Sundry numbers. (220) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 31 Independent Monitor, w. May 29, 1841-Jan. 18. 1843. Vol. v, No. 1-Vol. vi. No. 39. 1 book. April 13, 1847-April 6, 1848. Vol. xi, Nos. 1-52. 1 book. April 13, 1848-March 22, 1849. 1 book. April 9. 1857-Aprll 1, 1858. Vol. xxi, Nos. 1-52. 1 book. April 8. 1858-April 9. 1859. 1 book. April 16, 1859-April 14, 1860. 1 book. Oct. 9, 1867-Nov. 3. 1868. Vol. xxviii, Nos. 1-52. 1 book. Nov. 10, 1868-Nov. 2, 1869. 1 book. Nov. 9, 1869-Nov. 1. 1870. 1 book. Nov. 8. 1870-Dec. 20, 1871. 1 book. Succeeded by the Tuscaloosa Blade, w. Sept. 5, 1872-Aug. 28, 1873. Vol. i, Nos. 1-52. 1 book. Sept. 4, 1873-Oct. 28, 1875. Vol. ii. No. 1-Vol. iv. No. 8. 1 book. The Old Zach. March 13, 1848. No. 1. Campaign weekly; published in support of Gen. Taylor for the presidency. The Crystal Fount. June 6, 1851-May 28, 1852. Vol. iii. No. 3-Vol. iv, No. 2. 1 book. Young America, Jan. 1, 1855. Vol. i. No. 1. The Tuscaloosa Times, w. Nov. 5. 1873-Sept. 14, 1887. Broken file. 1 book. The Southern Law Journal, m. Jan., 1878-Nov., 1879. Vol. i, No. 1-Vol. ii, No. 11. 2 vols. The Old Church Path. m. Dec, 1878-Nov.. 1879. Vol. i, Nos. 1-12. Dec. 1879-Nov. 1880. Vol. ii, Nos. 1-12. (221) 32 Department of Archives and History. Alabama Historical Reporter, m. Oct., 1879-July. 1880. Vol. i, Nos. 1-10. Dec, 1883-Nov.. 1884. Vol. ii. Nos. 1-12. Jan.-July. 1885. Vol. iii. Nos. 1-7. No more Issued. The Clarion, w. March 2, 1880-Dec. 5, 1882. Vol. i, No. 21-Vol. iv. No. Broken flle. 1 book. The Tuscaloosa Gazette, w. July 4. 1878-Nov. 24, 1887. Broken file. 1 book. The Daily Gazette, d. April 15, 1887-Oct. 25, 1891. Broken file. The University Daily, d. June 20, 1887. The Citizen Soldier, m. Sept. 1893-March, 1894. Vol. i. No more issued. The Tuscaloosa Journal, w. Oct. 10, 24, 1894. July 24. 1895, July 29, 1896. Good News. m. Feb. 15. 1902-July, 1903. Vols. i-ii. Sundry numbers. The Crimson- White. University, Ala. Oct. 5, 1900-May 18, 1901. Vol. viii, Nos. 1-20. 1901-1902. Vol. ix. 1902-1903. Vol. X. 1903-1904. Vol. xi. Cap and Gown. m. 1900-1903. Vols. ii-v. Sundry numbers. The Church Record. See Montgomery. Tuscumbia, Franklin County. Franklin Enquirer, w. March 13-June 9, 1824. Vol. i, Nos. 1-13. (222) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 33 The Tuscumbian. w. Sept. 1, 1824-Jan. 17, 1827. Vol. i. No. 2-Vol. iii. No. 13. Bound with the preceding as one book. North Alabamian. w. Aug. 30, 1834; Sept. 4, 1873. Tuscumbia Enquirer, w. May 17, 1854. Vol. xiy. No. 20. The Valley Farmer, m. October, 1873. Vol. i. No. 1. Tuskegee, Macon County. Macon Republican, w. Nov. 8, 1849-Dec. 9, 1852. 1 book. Dec. 30, 1852-Oct. 9. 1856. 1 book. Dec. 4. 185e-Dec 8, 1859. 1 book. Nov. 16, 1854. South Western Baptist, w. July 31. 1850-Feb. 26, 1851. March 5, 1851-Nov. 10, 1852. 1 book. Dec. 8. 1852-May 1, 1856. 1 book. May 8. 1856-April 28, 1859. 1 book. May 5. 1859-May 15, 1862. 1 book. May 22, 1862-Aprll 13, 1865. 1 book. See Marion, and also Montgomery. Tuskegee News. w. March 27, 1873-June 24, 1875. 1 book. July 1, 1875-April 24, 1879. 1 book. May 1, 1879-April 13, 1882. 1 book. Union ,Springs, Bullock County. Union Springs Herald, w. Feb. 27, March 26. May 14. 1884. (223) 34 Department of Archives and History. Wedoivee, Randolph County. American Eagle, w. Nov. 2, 8. 22, 29, Dec 6, 13, 1855. Jan. 10-July 10. 1856. The Randolph County Democrat, w. Nov. 14, 1860. Wetumpka, Elmore County. Wetumpka Argus and Commercial Advertiser, w. May 15, 1839-March 18, 1840. Vol. iv. Nos. 8-52. March 25. 1840-March 24. 1841. March 31, 1841-March 23, 1842. March 30, 1842-March 22 1843. March 29, 1843-March 20, 1844. Vol. viii, Nos. 1-52. Nov. 20, 1839-May 26, 1841; June 10, 1845. Name changed to The Wetumpka Argus, Feb. 12, 1840. Wetumpka Courier, w. Feb. 28, 1840. The Alabama Times, w. Aug. 14, 1840-Jan. 1, 1841. Vol. i, No. 11 et seq. Feb. 19-July 30. 1841. The Southern Crisis, w. May 16-Nov. 7. 1840. Vol. i, Nos. 1-26. pp. 208. The Wetumpka Whig. w. Nov. 13, 1846, Jan. 15. 1847. Vol. iii, Nos. 20 and 29. Daily State Guard, d. Jan. 2-Dec. 31, 1849. 1 book. Semi-Weekly State Guard, s. w. Feb. 3, Feb. 6, April 24, 1851. Vol. ii, Nos. 10, 11. and 33. State Guard, w. Sept. 10. 1852. Vol. vi. No. 37. Dorsey's Dispatch, w. Sept. 22, Oct. 13. 1854. Vol. i, Nos. 38 and 41. Sept. 5, 1856-July 10, 1857. (224) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 35 Wetumpka Dispatch, w. July 17-Nov. 13. 1857. 1 book. Bound with the preceding. Wetumpka Spectator, w. Nov. 14, 1856-Oct. 6 1857. 1 book. Feb. 12, July 2, 1857; June 2, 1861. Vol. ii. No. 32, vol. iil, No. 1, Vol. vi. No. 30. The Central Alabamian. w. Jan. 6-Sept. 7. 1880. The Wetumpka Times, w. Jan. 5-Dec. 21, 1881. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Washington. National Journal. Nov. 10. 1829-Nov. 18 1831. Sundry numbers. National Intelligencer. Jan. 12 1830-Dec. 15. 1846. Sundry numbers. June 3, 1851-Sept. 15, 1853. Banner of the Constitution. April 10. 1830. Vol. i, No. 33. The Globe. Jan. 23, 1832-Feb. 11, 1833. May 4. 1840-Sept. 26, 1840. Dec. 10, 1835-Nov. 30, 1836. 1 book. Dec. 1, 1836-Nov. 30, 1837. 1 book. Feb. 4, 1852. The Dollar Globe. Oct. 16. 1844. United States Telegraph. Feb. 9, 1836. (225) 36 Department of Archives and -History. The Union, s. w. t. w. Jan. 14, 1846-Dec. 29, 1848. 1 vol. 1851-1853. Sundry numbers. April 24. 1856. The Campaign, w. May 31-Nov. 1, 1848. Vol. i, Nos. 1-25. pp. 400. The Daily Republic, d. Aug. 3, 1853. The Republic, t. w. Jan. 1851-Aug. 1852. Sundry numbers. The Republic, w. Sept. 30, 1852. The Southem Press, s. w. t. w. Aug. 9, 1851-July 24, 1852, Sundry numbers. National Watchman, w. Sept. 29, 1893; April 13, 20, 27, May 4, 11, 18, 1894. The National Geographic Magazine, m. 1896-1904. Vols, vil-xv. The Forester, m. 1898-1903. Vols, iv-ix. Catalogue of United States Public Documents. - tn. Jan. 1895-May, 1904. Nos. 1-113. The Conservative Review, qr. March, 1899-Sept., 1901. Vols. i-v. (226) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 37 FLORIDA. Jacksonville. Florida Magazine, m. Jan. 1901-Sept. 1903. Vols, ii-vii. Discontinued after Sept., 1903. Tallahassee. The Southern School and Home. m. April, 1902-May, 1903. Vol. i. April and May, 1903. Vol. ii. Nos. 1 and 2. GEORGIA. Atlanta. Masonic Signet and Journal, m. Feb., April and May, 1860. Vol. v. No. 5. and vol. vi, Nos. 1 and 2. The Weekly Atlanta Intelligencer, w. Dec. 3, 1862. The Atlanta Journal, d. Sept. 13-Dec. 19, 1895. 1 book. The Atlanta Constitution, d. Sept. 13-Dec. 19, 1895. 1 vol. The Alkahest, m. 1899-1902. Carnegie Library Bulletin, m. August, 1902-July. 1903. Vol. i. (227) 38 Department of Archives and History. Athens. Southern Banner, w. Aug. 14, 1851. Augusta. Georgia Courier, w. April 21, 1831. Vol. v. No. 100. Augusta Chronicle and Georgia Advertiser, w, Sept. 3, 1831. The Georgia Constitutionalist, w. Feb. 5. 1833. Vol. x. No. 67. The Southern Cultivator, m. Jan.-Dec., 1849. Vol. vii. Jan.-Dec.. 1850. Vol. viii. Constitutionalist and Republic, w. Sept. 28, Nov. 5, 1851. Daily Chronicle and Sentinel, d. Dec 25, 1851. July 8. Sept. 15. 1864. Tri-Weekly Chronicle and Sentinel, t. w. Aug. 31, 1851. The Southern Eclectic, m. February. 1854. Vol. ii, No. 12. Southern Field and Fireside, w. May 28, 1859-May 19, 1860. Vol. i, Nos. 1-52. Aug. 1. 8. 1863. Daily Constitutionalist, d. July 11. Sept. 17, 1864. Columbus. The Whig Rifle, w. August. 1844. (228) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 39 The Columbus Enquirer, w. Aug. 3, 1852. Columbus Daily Times, d. Jan. 19 and June 23, 1863. The Daily Sun. d. Feb. 23. and Nov. 1, 1864. Macon. Georgia Journal and Messenger, w. Oct. 15. 1851, June 9, 1852. The Macon Daily Confederate, d. Sept. 14, 1864. Southern Confederacy. Sept. 20, 1864. Maiietta. The Helicon, w. March 6. 1844. Milledgeville. The Standard of Union, w. June 16, 1840. Federal Union, w. Aug. 4, 1840. Rome. The Rome Courier, w. Aug. 28. Oct. 9, Dec. 25, 1855. Rome Tri-Weekly Courier, t. w. Sept. 29, 1860. Commercial Advertiser. Feb. 15, May 1, 1856. (229) 40 Department of Archives and History. The Georgian and New Era. March 3. 1901. Savdmnah. The Daily Georgian. May 25-Nov. 25, 1820. 1 book. May 26-Nov. 24, 1821. 1 book. The Georgian. March 19, 20, 1832, AUg. 20, 1840. The Savannah Daily Georgian, d. July 1-Dec. 31, 1854. 1 book. The Magnolia. See Charleston. S. C. ILLINOIS. Chicago. The Chicago Times. July 21. 1862, April 1. 1863, April 6. 1865. Young Folk's Rural, m. Sept.. 1872. Our Fireside Friend, s. m. March 30, 1872-Oct. 19, 1872. The American Antiquarian, b. m. 1878-1904. Vols, i-xxvi. First published at Cleveland, O. INDIANA. Waterloo. The Archaeologist. See Columbus, 0. (230) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 41 IOWA. Iowa City. Iowa Historical Record, qr. 1885-1902. Vols, i-xviii. Annals of Iowa. New series, qr. 1882-1884. Vols, i-iii. The Iowa Journal of History and Politics, qr. 1903-1S04. Vols. 1-ii. Des Moines. Annals of Iowa. 3d Series, qr. 1893-1904. Vols. i-vi. Bulletin of the Iowa Library Commission, qr. 1902-1904. Vols, ii-iv. KANSAS. AtchisQn, KqnfSfis. Atchison Daily Champion, d. Jan. 1, 1874. Doniphan, Kansas. Kansas Constitutionalist, w. May 14, 1856-Oct. 21, 1857. Vol. i, No. 1-Vol. ii. No. 19. Topeka. The Daily Commonwealth, d. Jan. 16, 1884. Wyandott City. The Westem Argus, w. June 17, 1858, (231) 42 Department of Archives and History. KENTUCKY. Frankfort. Register of the Kentucky State Historical Society, qr. May, 1903-May, 1904. 5 Nos. Lexington. Farmers' Home Journal, w. July 3, 1873. Louisville. The Louisville Weekly Journal, w. Nov. 15, 1854. The Southern Agriculturist, m. May. 1872; August, 1873. The Southem Bivouac, m. June, 1885-May, 1886. Vol. i. LOUISIANA. New Orleans. The Daily Crescent, d. June 9, 30, Aug. 6, Sept. 1, Nov. 1, 1851; Jan. 21, 1852. The Daily Picayune, d. Aug. 7, Sept. 5. 25, 28, 1851. The Daily Delta, d. Sept. 13, 30, Dec. 24, 1851; Jan. 8, 15, 1852. New Orleans Weekly Delta, w. Aug. 18. 1851. (232) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 43 The Daily Trae Delta, d. Nov. 10. 1854. The New Orleans Bee. Jan. 21. 1852. DeBow's Review, m. Jan.-Dec. 1857. Vols, iii and iv. in numbers. The Times-Democrat, d. June 19. Oct. 25. 1884. Publications of the Louisiana Historical Society. 1895-1904. Vol. i, part 1-Vol. iii, part 2. The Gulf States, m. Jan. and Feb. 1870. Vol. i, Nos. 1 and 2. No more issued. The Southern Quarterly Review. See Charleston. S. C. MARYLAND. Baltimore. American Farmer, w. March 21. 1828-March 13, 1829. Vol. x. Mutual Rights and Methodist Protestant, w. Jan. 27. 1832-Nov. 23. 1832. Vol. li. No. 4-47, whole No. 99. 1 book. Weekly Clipper. Sept. 20, 1851; Jan. 12, 1852. The Presbyterial Critic and Monthly Review, m. 1855. Vol. i. The Daily Baltimore Republican, d. June 21. 1860. (233) 44 Department of Archives and History. The Southern Magazine, m. 1871-1874. Vols, i-viii. Sundry numbers. The Day. d. Nov. 14, 1883. The Southern States, m. 1893-1897. Vols. i-iv. Sundry numbers. Johns Hopkins University Studies, m. 1899-1903. Series xvii-xxi. Manufacturers' Record, w. July, 1900-July, 1904. Vols, xxxviil-xlv. MASSACHUSETTS Andover. Journal of Humanity and Herald of the American Tem perance Society. Feb. 10, 1831. Vol. ii, No. 38, whole No. 90. Boston. Independent Chronicle and Boston Patriot. June 17, 1829; May 21, 1831; March, 1832. Hilliard, Gary & Go's. Literary Advertiser. Jan. 1834. Brownson's Quarterly Review. 1844. Vol. i, pp. 548. Boston Daily Advertiser. July 9, 1844. The Boston Daily Bee. d. Jan. 12, Sept. 22, 1851. (234) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 45 Boston Semi-Weekly Journal, s. w. Sept. 19, Dec. 27, 1851. Boston Evening Transcript, d. Feb. 9, 1883. The New-England Historical and Genealogical Register. 1880-1885; 1900-1903. Vols, xxxiv-xxxix, and liv-lvii. Monthly Bulletin of Books Added to thIe Public Library of the City of Boston, m. 1896-1903. Vols, i-viii, American Statistical Association, qr. 1898-1903. Vols, vi-vili. Literary World, m. 1899-1903. Vols, xxx-xxxiv. The Club Woman, m. Sept., 1900-July, 1903. Vol. vi. No. 6-Vol. x. No. 10. Our Dumb Animals, m. 1900-1903. Vols, xxx-xxxv. The Advocate of Peace, m. 1900-1902. Vols. Ixi-lxii. Current History, m. 1900-1903. Vols, x-xii. Education, m. 1881-1885; 1898-1901. Vols, ii-v, and xix-xxii. Norwood. American Journal of Archaeology. New series, qr. 1903. Vol. vii. Salem. The Essex Institute Historical Collections, qr. 1899-1903. Vols, xxx-xxxix. (235) 46 Department of Archives and History. Williams College. The Adelphi. (College magazine.) Aug. 18, 1831-1832. Vol. i, Nos. 1-24, pp. 192. Worcester. Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society. 1899-1903. Vols, xiii-xv. New series. MISSISSIPPI. Aberdeen. The Weekly Independent, w. Sept. 20. 1851. Columbus. Southem Standard, w. Oct. 4, 1851. Vol. i. No. 36. Corinth. The Corinth Harbinger, w. Aug. 14, 1869. Vol. i. No. 12. Corinth News. w. July 20, Aug. 3, Sept. 7, Oct. 21, 1871. The Dodger. March 9, 1873. Vol. i, No. 1. The Sub-Soiler. m. and w. April, 1873-Dec. 12, 1874. Vol. i. No. 1-Vol. ii, No. 32. Jackson. Flag of the Union, w. Oct. 10. 24, 1851; Jan. 9, 30, Feb. 6,, 13. 1852; Aug. 19. 26, 1853. (236) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 47 The Daily Mississippian. d. Sept. 25, 27, 1862. Vol. i, Nos. 125. 127. Natchez. The Natchez Weekly Courier, w. Jan. 14. 1852. Raymond. The Hinds County Gazette, w. Sept. 25, 1851. Vol. vii. No. 15. Vicksburg. The Daily Citizen. July 2, 1863. On wall paper; evidently a fac-simile. MISSOURI. St. Louis. Illustrated Journal of Agriculture, m. June 1, 1872. World's Fair Bulletin, m. April, 1902-Dec., 1903. Vol. iil-iv. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Concord. Democratic Standard, w. May 12, 1860. (237) 48 Departraent of Archives and History. Hinsdale. The Star Spangled Baniier. m. Nov., 1871; Jan., Feb., July, 1872; April, 1874. NEW YORK. Albion. The Museum, m. June 15, 1895. Vol. 1, No. 8. Buffalo. The Cultivator, m. Jan., 1841-Dec. 1847. 6 vols. The Buffalo Daily Courier, d. January 9, 1884. Kingston. Ulster County Gazette. January 4, 1800. New York City. The Albion, w. Jan. 23, 1830-Dec. 22, 1832. 1 book. Jan. 1, 1833-Sept. 22, 1838. 1 book. Jan. 19, 1839-Dec, 25, 1841. . 1 book. The U. S. Magazine and Democratic Review, m. July, 1841-June, 1852. Vols, ix-xxx. The Weekly Herald, w. March 14, 1840-March 18, 1843. 1 book. May 17, 21, 31, June 7, July 5. 1851; Sept. 23, dot. 30, 1852; July 16, 23, 1853. (238) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 49 The New York Herald, d. Aug. 30. 1861; Nov. 16. 1873; and Nov. 28, 1889. The New York Standard. Sept 21, 1840. The Evening Mirror. Oct. 25, 1845. Monthly Journal of Agriculture. July, 1845-June, 1847. Vols. i-ii. New York Evfening Times. Sept. 20. 1851. New York Tribune, w. and s. w. March 29, 1856-Feb. 17, 1857. 1 book. April 4, 1857-March 27, 1858. 1 book. April 3. 1858-March 4, 1859. 1 book. April 2. 1859-Dec. 29, 1861. 1 book. Jan. 4, 1862-Dec 31, 1864. 1 book. May 2, 1865-April 10. 1866. 1 book. April 13, 1866-Dec. 28, 1866. 1 book. Jan. 1. 1867-Dec. 31, 1867. 1 book. Jan. 3, 1868-Dec. 29, 1868. 1 book. Jan. 4, 1870-Dec. 30, 1870. 1 book. Jan. 3, 1871-Dec. 15, 1871. 1 book. Jan. 2. 1872-Dec. 31. 1872. 1 book. Jan. 3. 1873-Dec. 30, 1873. 1 book. Jan. 2, 1874-Dec. 29. 1874. 1 book. Jan. 1, 1875-Dec. 31, 1875. 1 book. Jan. 4. 1876-Dec. 29, 1876. 1 book. Jan. 2, 1877-Dec. 7, 1877. 1 book. Dec. 11, 1877-June 11, 1878. 1 book. Contains also weekly Dec. 26, 1877-1881, irregular. June 14, 1878-May 30, 1879. 1 book. June 3. 1879-May 28, 1880. 1 book. June 1. 1880-May 31, 1881. 1 book. The flrst flve books weekly, the remainder semi- weekly. (239) 4 50 Department of Archives and History. The Trade Joumal. Dec. 24, 1853. North British Review. American edition. Nov., 1852-Feb., 1854. Vols, xiii-xv. New York Tribune. July 18, 1861. The World. July 30, 1861; Oct. 28, 1868. Lloyd's American Railroad Weekly. July 27, 1861. The Aldine. m. 1872. Vol. V. Sundry numbers. 1873. Vol. vi. Total pp. 240. New York Day-Book. w. Sept. 30, 1876-Dec. 8. 1877. The New York Ledger, w. Aug. 27, 1870-Nov. 15, 1873. Pomeroy's Democrat, w. June 17, July 1, Aug. 12, 1871. Saturday Night, w. Jan. 20, 1872-Jan. 16, 1875. The Scientific Man. w. July 10, 1880. The Curio, m. Sept. 1887-Feb 1888. Vol. i. No more issued. Harper's New Monthly Magazine, m. Dec. 1856-May, 1857. Vol. xiv. Popular Science Monthly, m. May. 1873-October, 1874. Vols, iii-v. (240) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 51 North American Review, m. 1874-1879. Vols. 118-129. The Intemational Review, m. 1874-1880. Vols, i-viii. Educational Review, m. 1891-1904. Vols, i-xxvi. The American Historical Review, qr. October, 1895-Oct.. 1904. Vols. i-ix. Bulletin of the New York Public Library, m. 1897-1903. Vols, i-vii. Political Science Quarterly, qr. 1899-1903. Vols, xiv-xviii. The Library Journal, m. Jan.. 1899-Dec., 1903. Vols, xxiv-xxviii. Bulletin of the American Geographical Society. 1899-1901. Vols, xxxi-xxxiii. The Nation, w. Dec. 27, 1877-May 2. 1878. Jan., 1884-June, 1904. Vols, xxxix-lxxviii. The Bee-Keeper's Magazine, m. Jan.-December, 1874. Vol. ii. Jan.-December, 1876. Vol. iv. The Literary Digest, w. Jan., 1900-June, 1904. Vols, xxi-xxviii. The Criterion. New series, m. 1900-1904. Vols. i-v. The New York Times Saturday Review. May 12. 1900. The World's Work. m. 1901-1903. Vols, ii-vi. The Literary News. New series, m. 1903. Vol. xxiv. (241) 52 Department of Archives and History. NORTH CAROLINA. Ashville. Ashville Spectator, w. June 22, 1853. Vol. i. No. 23. The Southland, qr. 1901-1902. Vols. i-ii. Edenton. The North Carolina Historical and Genealogical Register. Jan., 1900-April, 1903. Vol?, i-iii. Greensborough. Greensborough Patriot, w. April 7, 1830. Vol. i. No. 46. Hienderson. North Carolina Baptist Historical Papers, qr. Oct.. 1896-Jan.. 1900. Vols, i-lii. Raleigh. Star, and North Carolina State Gazette. May 26, 1831. Vol. xxii. No. 22. The North Carolina Booklet, m. May, 1903-April, 1904. Vol. iii, Nos. l-"2. OHIO. Cincinnati. The Cincinnati Times-Star. July 31. 1833. (242) Newspaper and) Periodical Files. &S The Christian Baptist. 1848. 7 vols, in 1. Established in Augusta Co., Va.. 1823. American Monthly Ledger. Oct. 1. 1852. Cincinnati Daily Commercial. Jan., 24, 1865. Cleveland. Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers' Joumal. m. 1902-1904. Vols, xxxvii-xxxviii. The American Antiquarian. See Chicago. 111. Columbus. The Archaeologist, m. January, 1893-Sept., 1895. Vols, i-iii. See also Waterloo, Ind. The Antiquarian, m. January-December. 1897. Vol. 1. Name changed to The American Archaeologist, m. January, 1898-January, 1899. Vols, il-iil. Quarterly of the Ohio Archaeological and Historical So ciety, qr. Vol. ii, 1888-89. (1899.) PENNSYLVANIA. Philadelphia. The Franklin Journal, "tti. 1826. Vols. i-U. (243) 64 Department of Archives and History. The Journal of Health, s. m. 1830-1831. Vol. ii. Philadelphia Mail. Jan., 1832. The Saturday Courier. May 26, 1832. The Examiner, s. m. August, 1833-July. 1835. Vols. i-ii. The Plough, the Loom, and the Anvil, m. July, 1848-March. 1849. Vol. i. The Presbyterian. June 11. 1859-April 27. 1861. Sundry numbers. Dollar Weekly Pennsylvanian. w. March 24. 1860. The American, w. and m. Nov. 18, 1882; December. 1882. The Saturday Evening Post. w. Dec. 29. 1900-June 22. 1901. The American Historical Register, m. Nov., 1894; and June, 1895. SOUTH CAROLINA. Anderson. The Anderson Gazette, w. Dec 27, 1844; Feb. 27, 1845. Vol. ii, Nos. 3 and 9. Camden. The Camden and Lancaster Beacon, w. June 7, 1831. New series. Vol. 1, No, 13. (244) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 65 Cheraw. Farmers' Gazette, w. Sept. 24. 1844. Charleston. The Southern Agriculturist, and Register of Rural Af fairs, m. January, 1828-Dec., 1832. Vols. i-v. The Southem Review, qr. Feb., 1828-Feb., 1832. Vols, i-viii. Carolina Gazette, w. Sept. 6, Nov. 23, 1831; May 30. 1832. Union and States Rights Gazette. Oct. 18, 1831. Vol. i. No. 2. The Irishman Extra, n. d. Contains only a "Letter" from Rt. Rev. Doctor England to the Catholic citizens of Charleston. S. C. dated Au gust 24. 1831. The Courier, d. March 7, 8, June 1. 2, July 25. 26. Aug. 15. 16. 22, Sept. 20, 1831. Nov. 14, 1838-Dec. 31, 1840. Irregular. Bound with the Mercury, 1840. Jan. 1, 1841-Dec. 31, 1842. 1 book. Jan. 2. 1843-Dec. 31. 1844. 1 book. Jan. 1, 1845-Dec. 31, 1846. 1 book. Jan. 1, 1847-Dec. 29, 1848. 1 book. Sept. 17. 1851-Sept. 17, 1853. Sundry numbers. The Charleston Mercury, d. July 13. 14, Aug. 3, 9. 1831. Oct. 3, 1840-Aug. 12, 1847. Irregular. Bound with the Courier, 1838. July 2, 1851-Nov. 1. 1852. Sundry numbers. Aug. 6, 1861. (246) 66 Department of Archives and History. The Southern Literary Journal, m. May. 1838. Vol. iii. No.5. New series. The Southem Cabinet of Agriculture, Horticulture, Rural and Domestic Economy, m. Jan.-Dec., 1840. Vol. i, Nos. 1-12. The Southern Quarterly Review, qr. Jan., 1842-August. 1856. Vols, i-xxviii. Founded and flrst issued at New Orleans. La. The Magnolia ; or Southern Apalachian. m. January-June, 1842. Vol. iv. July, 1842-June. 1843. Vols, i-ii; new series. See Savannah. Ga. The Southem and Western Masonic Miscellany, m. February-April, 1850. Vol. i. Nos. 3-5. The Palmetto Flag. Oct. 22, 25, 1851. Vol. i, Nos. 16 and 17. The Southern Standard. July 28, Aug. 1, Sept. 29, Oct. 4. 21. 1851; Jan. 12, 28. July 15, 1852. The Evening News. d. July 31, Dec. 15, 1851; Jan. 24. March 1, 1852. Southern Christian Advocate, w. Aug. 12. 1853. The Keystone, m. June, 1899-May, 1904. Vols. i-v. The South Carolina Historical and Cknealogical Maga zine, qr. January. 1900-Oct., 1903. Vols. i-iv. The Exposition, m. Dec, 1900-May. 1902. Vols. i-ii. No more issued after Vol. ii, No. 5. (246) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 57 Columbia. Columbia Telescope. May 20. 1831. Vol. xvii. No. 19. Jan. 3, 1833; extra. Southem Times and State Gazette, w. Jan. 11, 1833. Vol. iv. No. 2. South Carolina Temperance Advocate. Sept. 12. 1839, and Nov. 28, 1844. Vol. i. No. 10'. Sept. 11. Oct. 2, 1851. The Southern Chronicle, w. July 16-Aug. 20, 1840. Vol. i, Nos. 3-8. Dec. 18. 1844-Sept. 24. 1845. Jan. 1, 1844. Bound with the Courier, 1838. South Carolinian, w. Aug. 7, 1840-Aug. 11, 1848. Vol. ii. No. 49-Vol. x, No. 60. The Palmetto State Banner. Sept. 8, 1846. Vol. i. No. 1. Daily States-Rights Republican, d. May 26, July 5. Dec. 29, 1851; Jan. 3. 5. 27. 1852. The Southern Presbyterian Review, qr. July. 1851-April, 1852. Vol. v. July. 1866. Vol. xvii, No. 1. The Daily South Carolinian, d. Dec 8, 1852. Army Letters of "Personne." 1861-1865. 1896. Vol. i, Nos. i-2.Edgefield. The Carolinian, w. March 13. 1830. Vol. ii. No. 53. (247) 68 Department of Archives and History. Edgefield Advertiser, w. July 24. Sept. 18, Oct. 2. 1851. Greenville. The Greenville Republican, w. July 26, 1826-Aug. 11, 1827. Vol. i. No. 3 et seq. 1 book. The Mountaineer, w. Jan. 10, 1829-Nov. 14, 1835. Vol. i. No. 1 et seq. 1 book. June 21. 1834-Dec. 19, 1835. 1 book. Jan. 9, 1836-April 19, 1844. 1 book. Jan. 19, 1844-Oct. 29, 1847. 1 book. Dec. 13, 1844-Oct. 18, 1850. 1 book. Aug. 5. 19. 1852. Southern Sentinel, w. Aug. 4, 1832. Vol. i. No. 7. The Evening Star. I2xi6 in. Feb. 14, 1848. Published by the Ladies' Fair, for the benefit of the Greenville Baptist Church. The Weekly Southern Patriot, w. Feb. 28, 1851-Feb. 19, 1852. Vol. i, Nos. 1-52. 1 book. Feb. 26, 1852-Feb. 17, 1853. 1 book. Feb. 24. 1853-Feb. 16, 1854. 1 book. Feb. 23, 1854-Feb. 15, 1855. 1 book. Feb. 22, 1855-Feb. 14, 1856. 1 book. Feb. 21, 1856-Feb. 12. 1857. 1 book. The Tri-Weekly Southern Patriot, t. w. April 22, 1851-Feb. 16. 1852. Vol. i. No. 1 et seq. 1 book. Hamburg. The Hamburg Joumal. w. Aug. 13, 1845. Vol. vi. No. 11. The Republican, w. June 19, 1851. (248) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 59 Lancaster. The Lancaster Ledger, w. June 23. 30. 1852. Vol. i. No. 21. Laurensville. Laurensville Herald, w. Feb. 1, 1850; Aug. 20, 1852. Pendleton. Pendleton Messenger, w. March 30. April 6, June 22, 29. Aug. 31. 18?1. Vol. xxiii. No. 8 et seq. Dec. 5, 1850. Farmer and Planter, m. March-December, 1850. Vol. i. Spartanburg. The Spartan, w. Dec. 25, 1844. Vol. ii. No. 1. Winnsboro. The Fairfield Herald, w. Dec 25, 1851; Jan. 1. 15. 1852. Yorkville. Yorkville Miscellany, w. July 5, 1851. The True Remedy, w. Jan. 15, 1852. Vol. i. No. 16. (249) 60 Department of Archives and History. TENNESSEE. Chattanooga. Chattanooga Gazette, w. Nov. 9, 1852. Chattanooga Daily Rebel, d. March 26. 1863. Vol. i. No. 198. The Chattanooga Daily Times, d. Sept. 25, 1883. Franklin. The Williamson Joumal. w. Sept. 7, 1871. Knoxville. Knoxville Register and Weekly Times, w: Sept. 2 ,1840. Tennessee Farmer, m. Jan.-Dec., 1840. Vol. v, Nos. 1-12, pp. 96. Bound with Railroad Advocate, infra. University of Tennessee Record, b. m. June, 1898-Oct., 1900. Nos. 4-17. 6 vols. Jan.. 1901-March, 1904. Vols, iv-vli. Southern Education. (Southern Educational Board.) March 12-Dec. 21, 1903. Vol. i, Nos. 1-20. Circulars of the Southern Education Board. April-Oct., 1902. Series i, Nos. 1-4. Southern Education Notes, b. m. (Southem Education Board) . March 10, 1902-Feb. 10, 1903. Series i. Nos. 1-26. (250) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 61 Bulletins of the Southern Education Board, qr. May-Dec. 1902. Vol. i, Nos. 1-S. The University Scientific Magazine. October 1897. No. 3. Memphis. The Memphis Daily Appeal, d. Dec. 3. 1861-March 2. 1866. Sundry numbers. July 22, 1864. Southern Monthly, m. February-April, 1862. Vol. i, Nos. 6-8. The Memphis Scimitar, d. May 9, 1901. The Commercial-Appeal, d. Dec. 7, 1902. Nashville. The National Union, w. June 10, 1850. The Home Circle, m. August, 1856. Vol. ii, No. 8. Southern Agriculturist, s. m. May, 1872. Vol. iii. No. 1. August. 1873. Vol. Iv, No. 4. 1896-1903. Broken flle. The Weekly American, w. Jan. 24, 1884. The Nashville American, d. June 25, 1895. Confederate Veteran, m. 1893-1904. Vols. 1-xII. (251^ 62 Department of Archives and History. The American Historical Magazine, qr. 1896-1904. Vols. i-lx. Magazine of Tennessee History and Biography, m. Jan. and Feb., 1895. Vol. i, Nos.1-2. No more published. The Cumberland Presbyterian Quarterly, qr. March-December, 1902. Vol. i, Nos. 1-4. No more published. Christian Advocate, w. Jan.-Dec.. 1902. 1 book. Jan.-Dec, 1903. 1 book. The Methodist Quarterly Review, qr. Jan., 1903-April, 1904. 6 numbers. The Olympian, m. Jan.-Dec.. 1903. Vols. i-ii. No more published. Pulaski. The Pulaski Citizen, w. May 13, 1897-Dec. 29, 1898. 1 book. Purdy. Purdy Weekly Gazette, w. May 24, May 31, June 14, 1873. Vol. 1. No. 1. Rogersville. Railroad Advocate, s.-m. Aug. 20, 1831-June 14, 1832. Vol. 1. Nos. 4-26. pp. 208. Sewanee. The Sewanee Review, qr. Nov., 1892-Oct.. 1902. Vols. 1-x. (252) Newspaper and Periodical Files. 63 TEXAS Austin. The South-Westem American, t. w. Jan. 8. 1852. The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Associa tion, qr. July. 1897-April. 1904. Vols, i-vii. Fort Worth. The Bohemian, qr. Nov., 1899-1904. Vols. i-iv. Houston. The Gulf Messenger. November, 1897. Vol. x, No. 10. VIRGINIA. Fredericksburg. The Christian Banner, w. June 14. 1862. The Virginia Herald, w. Feb. 19, 1842. Hampton. The Southern Workman, m. 1900-1902. Vols, xxix-xxxi. Partial flle. (253) 64 Department of Archives and History. Lynchburg. Lynchburg Daily News. d. May 18. 1886. Richmond. Richmond Enquirer. Oct. 51. 1829-Sept. 11, 1840. Sundry numbers. July 1, Aug. 1, 8, Sept. 26, 1851; Jan. 13, 30, June 11, Aug. 10. Sept. 7. 21. 1852. The Southem and Westem Literary Messenger and Re view, m. 1846-1858. Vols, xii-xxvi. Partial flies. The Independent Odd Fellow, m. March. 1846. Vol. v. No. 3. The Daily Richmond Enquirer, d. April 7, 1863. Daily Dispatch, d. July 26. 1861. Semi- Weekly Dispatch, s. w. July 23. 1861-June 13. 1862. Southern Illustrated News. July 4. 1863, March 5, 1864. The Age. m. January. 1864. Vol. i, No. 1. Southern Historical Society Papers, m. Jan.-Dec., 1876. Vols. i-ii. Staunton. The Virginias, m. Jan.-Dec, 1880. Vol. i, Nos. 1-12. pp. 196. 1 book. Winchester. Things and Thoughts, b. m. March. 1901-April. 1903. Vols, i-iii. 13 Nos. (254) Newspaper and Periodical Files. G5 WEST VIRGINIA. Charleston. The West Virginia Historical Magazme. qr. January, 1901-October, 1903. Vols, i-iii. Morgantown. The Transallegheny Historical Magazine, qr Vol. il. No. 1. October, 1902. WISCONSIN. Madison. Wisconsin State Joumal. w. May 29, 1885. FOREIGN. Liverpool, England. Wilmer & Smith's European Times, s. m. Jan. 4, 1846 et seq. London, England. The Morning Chronicle. Dec. 25, 1851. (355) State of Alabama Department of Archives and History Thomas M. Owen, Director Bulletin No. 4 Laws Governing The Department of Archives and History HOrrrooarBBT, .a.i,a.. THB BBOVVN PBUrXINO OO. PBnrTaRS, BITfDBRS JLITU STATIOiraBB iao7 Cw 1.40 PREFATORY NOTE. This compilation is made in order to bring together in con venient form all laws and parts of laws governing, or in any way bearing upon the Department of Archives and History, or which enlarge or otherwise fix the duties and activities of the Director of the Department. Through these laws, the legisla tive history of the Department is made clear, and iti? value as an institutional effort will be the more readily apparent. Montgomery, Alabama, August 26, 1907. (259) CONTENTS. Title 1 Prefatory Note 3 Contents 4 I. An Act to establish a Department of Archives and History 5 II. Director of the Department the Secretary of the Alabama Capitol Building Commission 9 III. Increased Appropriation for Maintenance 9 IV. An Act to fix the Compensation of the several State Executive Officers 10 V. An Act to enlarge the duties of the Department — Library extension and Legislative reference work- 11 VI. An Act to make an Appropriation for furnishing and equipping certain of the Offices and Depart ments in the State Capitol 11 VII. An Act to provide for the Publication of State Papers, Official Records and of Historical Ma terials 13 VIII. An Act to provide for the Celebration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Battle of Tohopeka or Horseshoe Bend in 1914 13 IX. Libraries and Municipalities 14 X. An Act to make an Enumeration or Census of Confederate Soldiers residing in Alabama 14 XI. An Act to create a Commission to erect a Statue of Jefferson Davis in front of the Capitol of Ala bama 16 XII. An Act to create "The Alabama Monument Com mission" 17 XIII. An Act to make an Appropriation for the erection of Monuments commemorating the heroic deeds of Alabama's Sons 19 (260) LA\A/S. No. 476.) AN ACT (S. 526. To Establish a Department of Archives and History for the State of Alabama, to prescribe its functions and duties, and to provide for its maintenance. DEPARTMENT CREATED; OBJECTS AND PURPOSES. Section i. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Ala bama, That there is established for the State of Alabama a "Department of Archives and History," to be located in the State capitol in apartments to be set aside for its use by the Governor; and the objects and purposes of the said Depart ment are the care and custody of official archives, the collec tion of materials bearing upon the history of the State, and of the territory included therein, from the earliest times, the completion and publication of the State's official records and other historical materials, the diffusion of knowledge in refer ence to the history and resources of the State, the encourage ment of historical work and research, and the perform ance of such other acts and requirements as may be enjoined by law. BOARD OE trustees; POWERS, AUTHORITY AND DUTIES. Section 2. Be it further enacted, (i) That said Department shall be under the control of a board of nine trustees, one from each Congressional district, and the names of the said trustees, with their particular terms of service, are as follows, viz : Peter J. Hamilton, for the First Congressional District, to serve two years; Jefferson M. Falkner, for the Second District, to serve two years; W. D. Jelks, for the Third District, to serve two years; J. H. Johnson, for the Fourth District, to serve four years ; W. H. Blake, for the Fifth District, to serve four years ; Henry B. Foster, for the Sixth District, to serve four years; (261) 6 Department of Archives and History. Oliver D. Street, for the Seventh District, to serve six years; William Richardson, for the Eighth District, to serve six years ; and Samuel Will John, for the Ninth District, to serve S'x years, the beginning of the several terms of service for the pur poses of this act to be January i, 1901. (2) The said board shall have the power and authority to fill all vacancies occur ring therein, whether by expiration of term of service, or by death or resignation, but the names of all newly elected mem bers shall be communicated to the next ensuing regular session of the State Senate for confirmation, and in case it shall reject any of the said newly elected trustees, it shall proceed forth with to fill the vacancy, or vacancies, by an election. (3) All trustees appointed to succeed the present members or their suc cessors whose respective terms shall have fully expired 'ball serve for a term of six years, and appointees to fill vacancies by death or resignation, shall only serve out the unexpired terms of their predecessors. (4) The said board shall within ten days after the approval of this act, proceed to organize said Department. It shall hold at the State capitol at least one regular meeting during the year, and as many special meet ings as may be necessary, and at said meetings five members shall constitute a quorum. (5) The Governor of the State shall be ex-officio a member of the said board, and he shall as far as possible, lend every encouragement to the success and upbuilding thereof. (6) The Director hereinafter provided shall be the secretary of the board. (7) The trustees shall re ceive no compensation for their services other than the amounts of tlieir traveling expenses actually paid out while in attend ance on the meetings of the board or on the business of the De partment. (8) The said board is empowered to adopt rules for its own government, and also for the government of the De partment; to elect a Director, and to provide for the selection or appointment of other officials, or employes, as may be au thorized; to provide for the publication of historical material pertaining to the State under the supervision of the Director; to have the direction and control of the marking of historic sites, or houses, and the exploration of prehistoric and Indian mounds and other remains existing in the State ; to control and expend such appropriations as may be made for the maintenance of the Department; and to do and perform such other acts and (262) Laws Governing the Department. 7 things as may be necessary to carry out the true intent and pur pose of this act. THE director; powers and duties; salary. Section 3. Be it further enacted, (i) That the Department shall be under the immediate management and control of a Director, to be elected by the board of trustees, whose term of service shall be six years, and until his successor is elected and qualified. (2) He shall take an oath of office as other public officials, and shall be commissioned in like manner. (3) He shall devote his time to the work of the Department, us ing his best endeavor to develop and build it up, so as to carry out the design of its creation, and shall receive for his services the sum of eighteen hundred ($1,800.00) dollars per annum, payable monthly, as other State officials, and a continuing ap propriation for the Said annual salary is hereby made. (4) He shall have the control and direction of the work and operations of the Department, he shall preserve its collections, care for the official archives that may come into its custody, collect as far as possible all materials bearing upon the history of the State and of the territory included therein, from the earliest times, prepare the biennial register hereinafter provided, dif fuse knowledge in reference to the history and resources of the State; and he is charged with the particular duty of gath ering data concerning Alabama soldiers in the War between the States. (5) He shall make an annual report to the board of trustees, to be by them transmitted to the Governor, to be ac companied by such historical papers and documents as may be deemed of importance by him, and the Director shall contract for the printing and binding of the said report, which shall be paid for as other public printing and binding. (6) He shall prepare for the press, contract for and supervise the publi cation of volume two of the report of the Alabama History Commission, the said volume to be similar to volume one of said report as to printing, paper and binding, and to be paid for out of the public printing fund to be available after October i, 1901. depository EOR OEEICIAL RECORDS. Section 4. Be it further enacted, That any State, county (263) 8 Department of Archives and History. or other official is hereby authorized and empowered in his discretion to turn over to the Department for permanent pre servation therein any official books, records, documents, orig inal papers, newspaper files, and printed books not in current use in their offices. When so surrendered copies therefrom shall be made and certified by the Director upon the appli cation of any person interested, which certification shall have all the force and effect as if made by the officer originally in the custody of them and for which the same fees shall be charged, to be collected in advance. official and statistical register. Section 5. Be it further enacted. That an official and sta tistical register of the State of Alabama shall be compiled every two years by the Director, to contain : ( i ) brief sketches of the several State officials, the members of Congress from Alabama, the supreme court judges, the members of the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Alabama; (2) rosters of all State and county officials; (3) lists of all State institu tions, with officials ; (4) State and county population and elec tion statistics, and (5) miscellaneous statistics; and said reg ister shall be published in an edition of one thousand copies for free distribution, the printing and binding to be paid for as other printing and binding hereinbefore provided. ALABAMA WAR RECORDS. Section 6. Be it further enacted. That the Department is charged with the duty of making special effort to collect data in reference to soldiers from Alabama in the War between the States, both from the War Department at Washington, and also from private individuals, and to cause the same to be pre pared for publication as speedily as possible. MAINTENANCE FUND. Section y. Be it further enacted. That in addition to the sal ary of the Director hereinabove appropriated, the sum of seven hundred ($700.00) dollars annually is hereby appropriated for (264) Laws Governing the Department. 9 the maintenance of the said Department, and the auditor is hereby authorized to draw his warrant on the State treasurer for the whole or any part of the said amount, in such sums and in such manner as may be authorized by the board of trustees. All printing, blanks, circulars, notices, or forms, which may be needed for the use of the said Department, that may be embrac ed in class four of the public printing act, shall be executed by the public printer, and shall be paid for as other official work done by him. Approved, Feb. 27, 1901. THE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT THE SEC RETARY OF THE ALABAMA CAPITOL BUILDING COMMISSION. By an act approved Feb. 17, 1903, the Alabama Capitol Building Commission was created, to consist of the Governor, the Attorney-general, the State treasurer. State auditor, Secre tary of State, and of the Director of the Department of Ar chives and History as secretary, which commission was "clothed with full authority and power for and in behalf of the State of Alabama to contract for the extension, enlarge ment, or improvement of the present State capitol building, for the acquisition of additional grounds, for the erection or acquisition of any necessary additional building or buildings for the use of the State, and the furnishing of the same." The sum of one hundred and fifty thousand ($150,000.00) dollars was appropriated to carry out the provisions of the act. The position of secretary has been filled by the Director since the organization of the Commission. INCREASED APPROPRIATION FOR MAINTENANCE. The general appropriation bill, approved Feb. 13, 1903, in creased the annual appropriation for maintenance from seven (265) 10 Department of Archives and History. hundred dollars to twenty-five hundred dollars, by the follow ing item : Section i. Subdivision 36. "For the maintenance of the Department of Archives and History, twenty-five hundred dol lars for each year, to be used and expended as provided by the law governing said Department." The general appropriation bill, approved Feb. 7, 1907, still further increased the annual appropriation for maintenance, raising it from twenty-five hundred dollars to three thousand dollars, by the following item: Section i. Sub-division 32. "For the maintenance of the Department of Archives and History, three thousand dollars for each year to be used and expended as provided by the law governing said Department." No. 68.) AN ACT (S. 294. To fix the compensation of the several State executive officers, officers of departments and boards, subordinate officers, clerks, watchmen, and capitol servants, and to make ap propriations therefor. Section i. Be it enacted by the Legislature of Alabama, That the compensation of the several State executive offi cers, officers of departments and boards, subordinate officers, clerks, watchmen and capitol servants, and the number in each department shall be as follows : 10. The salary of the Director of the Department of Ar chives and History shall be two thousand five hundred dollars per annum, and the sum of two thousand five hundred dollars per annum is hereby appropriated for the payment thereof. Sec. 10. There shall be employed in the Department of Ar chives and History clerical assistance as follows : A stenogra pher whose salary shall be seven hundred and fifty dollars per annum, and the sum of seven hundred and fifty dollars per an num is hereby appropriated for the payment thereof. Approved, Feb. 22, 1907. (266) Laws Governing the Department. 11 No. 255.) AN ACT (H. 240. To enlarge the duties of the Department of Archives and History. Be it enacted by the Legislature of Alabama, That in addi tion to the duties now required by law, the Department of Archives and History shall do and perform the following: LIBRARY extension. I. It shall encourage and assist in the establishment of pub lic and school libraries, and in the improvement and strength ening of those already in existence; it shall give advice and provide assistance to libraries and library workers in library administration, methods and economy; and it shall conduct a system of traveling libraries. legislative reference work. 2. It shall bring together and arrange for ready consultation a reference collection of materials for the use of the membt^rs of the Legislature, State officers and others on all subjects which may, from time to time, be deemed of public interest and importance to the people of the State. Approved, March 5, 1907. No. 679.) AN ACT (H. 1083. To make an appropriation for furnishing and equipping cer tain of the offices and departments in the State Capitol. Be it enctcted by the Legislature of Alabama : Secton 1. That the sum of is hereby appropri ated out of any monies in the State Treasury not otherwise ap propriated, for the purpose of properly furnishing and equip ping certain of the offices and departments in the State Capitol, the said sum to be apportioned and distributed to said officers and department as follows : (267) 12 Department of Archives and History. (8) To the Department of Archives and History, located in the south wing of the Capitol, the sum of two thousand ($2,000.00) dollars, to be expended for filing and other cases, shelving, tables, fixtures, wire glass windows, steel window shutters and grating for the public archive room; for cabinets in which to display its battle flags, banners and other museum articles ; and for desks, filing and other cases, fixtures and other furniture, to be used in preserving and making readily accessi ble the records and collections of the said Department. Approved, Aug. 6, 1907. No. 611.) AN ACT (H. 1186. To provide for the publication of State papers, official records and of historical materials of the State of Alabama. Whereas, the Director of the Department of Archives and History under the requirements of the law establishing said Department, has compiled or caused to be compiled several volumes of important data and materials for the history of the State, including a full collection of the messages of the governors of Alabama, a collection of all laws creating counties, altering county boundaries, or fixing or changing county seats, an Alabama local history collection, a series of narrative his tories or historical sketches of Alabama commands in the War of Secession, besides other important and valuable collections, as well as many valuable manuscripts, and Whereas, it is desirable that they be published and thereby made available for the use of the p"eople of Alabama and else where who may be interested in the history or life of the State, its institutions or its public characters, therefore. Be it enacted by the Legislature of Alabama, That the Direc tor of the Department of Archives and History be and he is hereby authorized to contract for the printing and binding of the said volumes, or of any others of like character which he may cause to be compiled, and the State Auditor is authorized and directed to pay for the said printing and binding out of the public printing fund, on the certificate and order of the Direc tor of the said Department of Archives and History. Approved, Aug. 6, 1907. (268) Laws Governing the Department. 13 No. 600.) AN ACT (H. 1179. To provide for the celebration of the one hundredth anniversar)- of the battle of Tohopeka or Horseshoe Bend iri 19 14. COMMISSION OF seven CREATED. Be it enacted by the Legislature of Alabama: Section i. That a commission of seven members is created for the purpose of making a study of the battle of Tohopeka or Horseshoe Bend, fought in the limits of the present county of Tallapoosa in the State of Alabama, between the Americans and the Creek or Muscogee Indians, on March 27, 1814, and for the purpose of preparing plans and details for the appro priate celebration on or about March 27, 1914, of the one hun dredth anniversary of that historic event. MEMBERS OF COMMISSION — DUTIES AND POWERS. Section 2. That the said commission shall be composed of the Governor, the Director of the Department of Archives and History, and of five members to be appointed by the Governor, in whom is also vested the authority to fill any vacancies which may be caused by death, resignation or otherwise. The terms of service of the appointive members of the commission shall continue during the existence thereof, or until the celebration of the said anniversary. The commission shall have power to adopt rules for its government and work; and its members shall serve without compensation. REPORT TO THE LEGISLATURE; TO BE PRINTED UNDER THE SUPER VISION OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY. Section 3. That the commission shall make a full and de tailed report to the next ensuing regular session of the Legisla ture, in which shall be set forth the results of its investigations, accompanied by copies of documents and maps, with such rec ommendations as may be deemed desirable for carrying out the plans arranged for the said celebration; and under the super- (269) 14 Department of Archives and History. vision of the Director of the Department of Archives and His tory the said report shall be printed and bound, the cost thereof to be paid by the State auditor out of the public printing fund. Approved, Aug. 6, 1907. LIBRARIES AND MUNICIPALITIES. The municipal code bill, approved August 7, 1907, contains the following paragraph, inserted at the suggestion of the Director, etc. : Sec. 178. Cities and towns shall have the right to establish and maintain, or aid in establishing and maintaining public li braries, either separately or in connection with the public schools. This power gives an excellent opportunity for practically unlimited library extension, a work now imposed upon the Department of Archives and History. (See supra.) No. 697.) AN ACT (H. 1206. To make an enumeration, or census, of the Confederate Sol diers residing in the State of Alabama, and to provide for the payment therefor. CENSUS TO BE TAKEN BY COUNTY TAX ASSESSORS. Be it enacted by the Legislature of Alabama : Section i. It is hereby made the duty of the tax assessors of the State to make a full enumeration, or census, of all per sons residents of their respective counties, who served in the Army or Navy of the Confederate States of America, or in any of the organizations of the State of their residence from 1861 to 1865, whether as officers, enlisted men, militia, or home guards for local defense, or in any other military or naval ca pacity in the War of Secession. (270) Laws Governing the Department. 15 Facts shown by census; blanks supplied by director OF THE department OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY; LISTS TO BE FILED. Section 2. The said enumeration, or census, shall show the full name, the present post office address, the date and place of birth, the date, the State and county of enlistment, the name and number of the several companies and regiments in which ser vice was performed, and how such service terminated, as by pa role, discharge, or imprisonment. It shall be made out on blanks to be prepared and supplied by the Director of the Department of Archives and History. After the enumeration has been completed, the original list shall be filed in the office of the pro bate judge of the county where made, for permanent preser vation, and a carefully compared copy duly certified under oath by the tax assessor, shall be forwarded to the Department of Archives and History for preservation therein. The original and the copy shall each be arranged alphabetically and made out in ink, in a legible hand, or prepared in typewriting. compensation HOW paid; APPROPRIATION FOR. Section 3. That the compensation for making said enumera tion or census, shall be ten cents for each name enrolled under the provisions of this act, said sum to be paid on sworn state ments of the amount due, to be checked and compared by the Director, and approved by the Governor ; and an appropriation is hereby made to cover all of said several sums ; and the State auditor is authorized and directed to draw his warrant in favor of the several tax assessors in accordance with the terms of this act. APPROPRIATION FOR BLANKS AND OTHER EXPENSES. Section 4. The sum of five hundred dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary is hereby appropriated to cover the expense of printing the necessary blanks, circulars and forms to make said enumeration, or census, and for postage and trans portation charges thereon. The State auditor shall draw his warrant to cover such expense or expenses, on bills duly re ceipted therefor, certified by the Director, and approved by the Governor. (271) 1 6 Department of Archives and History. census to be COMPLETED IN 12 MONTHS FROM APPROVAL OF ACT. Section 5. The said enumeration, or census, shall be com pleted and filed within twelve months after the passage and approval of this act. Approved, Aug. 9, 1907. No. 796.) AN ACT (S. 574. To create a commission whose duty it shall be to erect a statue of the late Mr. Jefferson Davis in front of the capitol in the city of Montgomery, Alabama, and to appropriate the sum of fifteen thousand dollars for the purpose of erect ing such statue. COMMISSION OF five CREATED. Be it enacted by the Legislature of Alabama as follows, to- wit: Section i. A commission to be composed of the Governor of Alabama, the Auditor of the State, the Director of the De partment of Archives and History and two others to be appoint ed by the Governor is hereby created for the purpose of erect ing in front of the capitol in the city of Montgomery, Alabama, a statue of Mr. Jefferson Davis, the first president of the Con federate States of America. The Governor shall be ex-officio president of the commission, and said commission shall elect a secretary. If any vacancy in Said commission shall occur, such vacancy or vacancies shall be filled by the remaining memb'^rs of said commission. In the proceedings of the commission each member thereof shall have one vote, but in case of a tie the president shall have another vote. FIFTEEN THOUSAND DOLLARS APPROPRIATED FOR STATUE Section 2. The sum of fifteen thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated for the pur pose of erecting said statue. (272) Laws Governing the Department. 17 EXPENSES To BE paid; MEMBERS RECEIVE NO COMPENSATION. Section 3. The actual expense of said commission shall be paid out of said sum. But the members of said commission shall receive no compensation for their services. record To BE kept; report To LEGISLATURIC. Section 4. Said commission shall keep an accurate record of their proceedings and file the same in the office of the Gov ernor. Said commission shall also make a report to the Legisla ture of Alabama of their doings in the premises. Provided, That the appropriation herein made shall not be available until the Governor shall certify to the commission that the condi tion of the State Treasury will warrant the said expenditure. Approved, Aug. 16, 1907. No. 603.) AN ACT (H. 390. To Create "The Alabama Monument Commission." COMMISSION CREATED ; DUTIES AND POWERS. Section i. Be it enacted by the Legislature of Alabama, (i) That there is hereby created a commission, to be known as "The Alabama Monument Commission," to consist of eight Confed erate Veterans, representing as nearly as possible the several branches of the service, to be appointed by the Governor, p.nd also of the incumbents for the time being of the offices of the commander of the Alabama Division, United Confed erate Veterans, the Commander of the Alabama Di vision, United Sons of Confederate Veterans, and the Director of the State Department of Archives and History. (2) The Governor of the State shall be the president, and the Director above named shall be secre tary and historian of the commission. (3) The commission is empowered to adopt rules for its guidance and for the execution of the powers and duties herein imposed, and five members shall (273) 18 Department of Archives and History. constitute a quorum. (4) It shall keep a careful record of its proceedings and shall make an annual report to the Governor, to be printed as other official reports. (5) In the ordinary con duct of its business and in attendance upon meetings, the mem bers shall serve without charge or compensation, but if it is found necessary by the commission for a member or members to personally inspect or visit a military park, or other point in connection with the marking, monumenting, locating or identi fying the same or any point or place therein, then and in such event the actual expenses of such member or members may be paid while so engaged. AUTHORITY OF COMMISSION TO MARK HISTORIC SPOTS Section 2. That the commission shall have the authority and it shall be its duty to act for and to officially represent Alabama on all subjects, inquiries and matters connected with or grow ing out of the part performed by troops from this State in the War between the (ZIonfederate States and the United States, which may arise in connection with the location and identifica tion of their position or part in any battle or engagement, or upon any battlefield, or in connection with the appropriate de termination, location, indentification or marking or such part or position, or in connection with the appropriate marking or mon umenting of spots or occurrences made historic by their services or sacrifices, whether in the several mihtary parks or on some other battlefield, or in prison or other cemeteries, or other his toric spots or places. COMMISSION TO CONTROL EXPENDITURES OF FUNDS APPROPRIATED FOR MONUMENTS. Section 4. That the commission, unless otherwise provided, shall have charge of the erection and shall direct the expendi ture of all appropriations for the placing of monuments, memori als or markers to Alabama troops in the War as above set forth. APPROPRIATION FOR EXPENSES. Section 4. That the sum of one thousand dollars is hereby (274) Laws Governing the Department. 19 appropriated for the expense of the commission in the execution of its duties, the said sum to be drawn only on the approval of the Governor. Approved, Aug. 6, 1907. No. 768.) AN ACT (S. 600. To make an appropriation for the erection of monuments com memorating the heroic deeds of Alabama's Sons, to be ex pended by the Alabama Monurnent Commission, with the approval of the Governor. APPROPRIATION MADE. Section i. Be it enacted by the Legislature of Alabama, That to enable the Alabama Monument Commission to erect suitable and dignified monuments, in the national military parks at Shiloh, Gettysburg, Vicksburg and Chicamauga and at such other places as the monument commission may in its judgment, see fit to erect a monument to commemorate the heroic deeds of Alabamians, and suitable monuments and headstones over the graves of Alabamians who died in prison, there is hereby appropriated a sum sufficient to pay not more than twenty-five thousand dollars for each one of the monuments to be erected in the national military parks, and a sum not exceeding ten thousand dollars for any other monument erected by the mon ument commission. INTENT OF ACT. Section 2. It is the intent of this act to make the appro priation available till all monuments have been erected which the monument commission determine should be erected, and no part of it shall be drawn till actually needed and with the ap proval of the Governor, who may direct the expenditure for monuments as not to embarrass the financial condition of the Treasury. (275) 20 Department of Archives and History. COMMISSION MAY AID COMMITTEES, OR PATRIOTIC ORGANIZA TIONS IN ERECTING MONUMENTS. No MORE THAN $25,- 000 MAY BE EXPENDED IN ANY ONE FISCAL YEAR. Section 3. That with the approval of the Governor the mon ument commission may join with any committee of citizens in erecting any monument, or may supplement the amount raised by any camp of the United Confederate Veterans, or camp of the United Sons of Confederate Veterans, or Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, or any Ladies Memo rial Association, to erect a monument. Provided, that not more than $25,000 be expended in any one fiscal year. Approved, Aug. 16, 1907. (276) State of Alabama Department of Archives and History Thomas M. Owen, Director Bulletin No. 5 Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama BEING A LIST OF NAMES, COMPILED FROM AUTHEN TIC SOURCES, OF SOLDIERS OF THE AMERI CAN Revolution, who resided IN THE State of Alabama COMPILED BY THE DIRECTOR Montgomery, Ala. The Brown Printing Company, Printers and Binders, ' 1911 1 RS Cm t .^ PREFATORY NOTE. It is believed that the publication of this compilation will be of much practical service to large numbers of people inter ested in a study of the personal .records of the Heroes of the American Revolution. And this is true, although the Hsts are manifestly incomplete, and the sketches are wanting in many desirable details. The lists have been made up from altogether reliable and authentic sources. These consist of contemporary obituaries, drawn from old newspaper files ; the Revolutionary Pension Roll, published by the U. S. Government as Senate Document 514, 3 volumes, 23rd Congress, 1st Session, 1833-34; the Cen sus of Pensioners, taken officially in 1840, and published by the U. S. Government in 1841, in one volume ; inscriptions from tombstones ; well authenticated data taken from publish ed family histories ; and the manuscript Pension Book, kept officially by the State Branch Bank at Mobile. A few other sources have been drawn upon. Citation of the authority or authorities has been given in each case. In 1904 Mrs. P. H. Mell published a paper containing thirty sketches, entitled "Revolutionary Soldiers Buried in Alabama." It appears as pp. 527-572, Vol. iv, Transactions of the Alabama Historical Society, 1899-1903. Mrs. MeW had been State Historian of the Alabama Division of the Daugh ters of the American Revolution. While limited in numbers, her paper was prepared with great care. The sketches appear in their proper places in the list here presented, with due credit. Although a few lists of names, either by counties or localities, had been compiled, no pretentious effort, prior to the work of Mrs. Mell, had been undertaken. Inasmuch as this is but a preliminary effort looking to a complete and exhaustive record, the attention of the Depart ment should be brought to any and all errors, to dates and places of death, to places of burial, to the names of those who rem.oved from the State, and to all others whose names ought to be included. Montgomery, Ala., Sept. 30, 1910. (279) Alphabetical List of Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama ADAMS, BRYANT, a resident of Montgomery county; private, particular service not shown; enrolled on September 26, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $30; transferred to North Carolina, letter August 29, 1836. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. AGNEW, GEORGE, a resident of Lauderdale county ; pri vate in cavalry, particular service not shown ; enrolled on Sep tember 29, 1836, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, pay ment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $25. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. ALEXANDER, , aged 98, resided in Mobile county, June 1, 1840; no facts given.— Census of Pensioners, 1841. p. 149. ALEXANDER, ASA, aged 74, and a resident of Dale county; private Georgia Militia; enrolled on June 17, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $80; sums received up to date of publication of list, $200. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Con., 1st sess., 1833-34. ALEXANDER, JEREMIAH, aged 113 (evidently an er ror for 71), and a resident of Morgan county; private Mas sachusetts Militia State Troops; enrolled on September 17, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $33.33 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $83.32. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Walker county, June 1, 1840, aged 76. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 150. ALLEN, DAVID, a resident of Franklin county; private, particular service not shown; enrolled on March 8, 1833, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from September 4, 1833 ; annual allowance, $60. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. (281) 6 Department of Archives and History. ALLEN, EDWARD, aged 75, and a resident of Franklin county ; private N. C. Continental Line ; enrolled on March 8, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $60; sums re ceived up to date of publication of list, $180. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. ALLEN, ROBERT, "Death— Another Old Soldier of the Revolution gone home. Died on the 29th ult. Robert Allen, of this county. They leave us one by one — yet they live in our memory." — The Democrat, Huntsville, Ala., November 3, 1826. ALLEN, ROBERT, aged 66, and a resident of Madison county; Sergeant Virginia Continental Line; enrolled on January 29, 1824, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from October 26, 1823 ; annual allowance, $96 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $213.54. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. ALSOBROOK, JESSE, aged 72, and a resident of Greene county; private N. C. Militia; enrolled on March 26, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $50 ; sums received to date of publiaction of list, $100. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Sumter county, June 1, 1840, aged 77. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. AMINET, JOHN, aged 81, and a resident of Madison county, private Virginia Continental Line; enrolled on Jan uary 5, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment received to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. The Democrat, Huntsville, April 11, 1833, contains the fol lowing obituary: "Suddenly at his residence in this County, on the 30th ol March, Mr. John Amonit, in the Eighty-second year of his age-^thus another revolutionary spirit has sunk into its rest- Rarely are we called to record the death of a more virtuouE man. — He has been a citizen of this county upwards of twen ty years. In the domestic circle, he was a kind and tender father, and affectionate companion, a social and obliging (282) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 7 neighbor, much beloved by numerous friends, and enemies he had none. In youth, he boldly met the foe and nobly de fended the cause of liberty — few have ever so well prepared for their last great change — he settled his earthly concerns — ate a hearty supper — called his family around him — address ed the throne of grace — lay down in perfect composure — fell asleep in the arms of his Saviour, and awoke in the Paradise of his God. Thus died Mr. Amonit, without a groan, and left a wife, four children and numerous friends to mourn their loss, which is his infinite gain, and he now reaps the just reward of his labors." ARMISTEAD, WILLIAM. The grave of this soldier is described in Ball's Clark County, Alabama, pp. 475-6. We learn that a Capt. William Armistead of Virginia and three sons, Robert, Westwood and John, became citizens of Clarke. The father was a man of strong peculiarities, a gentleman of the old school, wearing knee buckles and retaining English tastes. He was twice married and had three sons and three daughters. One daughter married John Morriss, in North Carolina, and moved to Alabama; another daughter married Edmund Waddell, in North Carolina; the third married Dr. Neal Smith, a gentleman of prominence in his day. The grave stands alone, neatly enclosed with rocks and pickets on a hill near Amity church in the family burial ground, on the plantation bequeathed by him to his son-in-law. Dr. Neal Smith, about eight miles from Grove Hill. The following is a copy from the marble slab: In memory of CAPTAIN WILLIAM ARMISTEAD, a soldier of the Revolution, a native of Virginia, who departed this life March 1st, 1842, aged 80 years. He resided in Clarke County, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. — Mrs. P. H. Mell, in Transactions of the Alabama Historical Society, vol. iv, pp. 529-533, has an extended sketch, with genealogical notes, etc. ARNOLD, THOMAS, aged 71, and a resident of Autauga county; private N. C. Continental Line; enrolled on Jan. 4, (283) 8 Department of Archives and History. 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $30 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $90. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. BACON, RICHARD, aged 73, and a resident of Madison county; private and commissary Virginia Continental Line; enrolled on December 31, 1832, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allow ance, $73.33.— Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. BAGWELL, FREDERICK, a resident of Fayette county; private, particular service not shown; enrolled on August 20, 1835, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $50. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. He resided in Fayette county, June 1, 1840, aged 80. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. BAILES, ELDRIDGE, aged 74, and a resident of Madison county ; private S. C. Continental Line ; enrolled on January 24, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $75 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $225. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. BAILY, MOSES, aged 79, and a resident of Madison county; private Virginia Continental Line; enrolled on Jan uary 24, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832; payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $240. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. BAILY, REUBEN, aged 70, and a resident of Limestone county; private S. C. Continental Line; enrolled on April 25, 1825, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from March 4, 1825 ; annual allowance, $96 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $240 ; died. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. BAKER, SAMUEL, private, particular service not shown; enrolled on February 19, 1835, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allow ance, $20 ; removed to Kentucky. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. (284) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 9 BALLENGER, JOHN, aged 75, and a resident of St. Clair county; private Maryland Militia; enrolled on September 20, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $80; sums received to date of publication of list, $240. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. BARCLAY, ROBERT. "Departed this life on the 26th July, 1848, Robert Barclay, aged 85 years ; born Nov. 1763, in Ireland ; came with his father to South Carolina in 1769 ; ser ved as a private soldier under Sumpter towards the close of the War of the Revolution, and emigrated to Tennessee in 1802, and afterwards to Morgan County, Alabama, in 1816, where he died ; being one of the first pioneers who crossed the Tennessee River in Alabama. He was remarkably healthy, never having any sickness until worn out with age; even re taining his eyesight to the last, never using a pair of spec tacles; he professed religion and joined the Baptist Church after coming to Morgan County, and has left three sons and three daughters to mourn his loss. Thus has fallen the last revolutionary patriot that we are acquainted with ; tho' there are doubtlesss many more ; but the time is close at hand when the last patriot that bared his bosom to the enemies of Ameri can freedom, will cease to live on earth ; but the time should be long before a memory of their deeds should be lost to their survivors. — The Democrat, Huntsville, August 9, 1848. He resided in Morgan County, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pen sioners, 1841, p. 148. BARNETT, THOMAS, aged 70, and a resident of Perry county; private S. C. Militia; enrolled on November 4, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $20; sums received to date of publication of list, $60. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. BARTLEY, ROBERT, aged 72, and a resident of Morgan county ; private S. C. Continental Line ; enrolled on July 2, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $36.66 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $109.98. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. BATTLES, NOEL, aged 80, and a resident of St. Clair county; private Virginia Continental Line and Militia; en rolled on September 29, 1833, under act of Congress of June (285) 10 Department of Archives and History. 7, 1832 ; payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allow ance, $80 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $240. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in St. Clair county, June 1, 1840, with William Battles; aged 100. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. BAXTER, JOHN, age not given, a resident of Dallas county; private Irwin's Regiment; date of enrollment not given; payment to date from September 4, 1818; annual al lowance, $36.80 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $460; transferred from N. C. from March 4, 1821. Died.— Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. BAYLIS, HEZEKIAH, aged 77, and a resident of Madison county ; private Virginia Militia ; enrolled on January 24, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual alowance, $20. — Revolutionary Pen sion RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. BECK, ANDREW, aged 79, and a resident of Perry coun ty ; private N. C. Militia ; enrolled on September 29, 1833, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1832. payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $20. — Revolutionary Pen sion Roll, in A^ol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. BEESON, EDWARD, aged 75, and a resident of St. Clair county; capt. and lieut. N. C. State Troops, enrolled on Sep tember 29, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, pay ment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $180; sums received to date of publication of list, $540. — Revolu- tionarv Pension Roll, in A'^ol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. BENTLEY, EFFORD, aged 74. and a resident of Madi son county; private and sergeant A'irginia Militia; enrolled on May -2, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832; pay ment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $44.10; sums received to date of publication of list, $110.25. — Revolu- tionarv Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. BEVERS, JAMES, aged 73, and a resident of Limestone county ; private \''irginia Continental Line ; enrolled on De- (286) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 11 cember 11, 1823, under act of Congress of ]\Iarch 18, 1818, payment to date from October 20, 1823 ; annual allowance, $96 ; sums received to date of publication of Hst, $275.08. Died December, 1826. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. BEVILLE, EDWARD, aged 74, and a resident of Madison county ; private Virginia Continental Line ; enrolled on Jan uary 5, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $36.66 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $91.65. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 513, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Madison county, June 1, 1840, aged 78. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. "Died — On the 15th of March, 1847, at her residence in Madison county, Ala., Mary Beville, in the 84th year of her age. And on the 20th of September, 1847, Ed-ward Be ville, Sen., her husband, died at the same place, in the 88th year of his age. They emigrated from Virginia, Mecklin- burg county, to North Carolina, about the year 1805, and from there to this county about 1823. Edward Beville, Sen., was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and drew a pension at the time of his death ; he was a great lover of liberty, and often spoke of the prosperity of his country. The writer has been acquainted with him for the last 15 or 20 years — he was strictly honest and a great lover of truth, respected and es teemed by all who knew him. O. R. — The Democrat, Hunts ville, October 27, 1847. BILLINGSLEY, CLEMENT, aged 84, resided in Autauga county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. BIRD, JOHN, private, particular service not shown; en rolled on January 10, 1837, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832; annual allowance, $23.33; no record of any payment having been made. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mo bile. BISHOP, WYATT, aged 76, and a resident of Franklin county; private Virginia Militia; enrolled on November 15, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $36.66 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $109.98. — Revolutionary Pen sion Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. BLACK, DAVID, aged 80, resided in Fayette county, June 1, 1840 Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. (287) 12 Department of Archives and History. BLACK, JAMES, aged 74, and a resident of Greene coun ty ; private N. C. Continental Line ; enrolled on July 2, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $60.80 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $180. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. BLACKBURN, BENJAMIN, age not given, a resident of Tuscaloosa county; private Lewis's Regiment; date of en rollment not given, payment to date from April 1, 1810; an nual allowance, $60 ; sums received, $363.90 ; transferred from Tennessee from September 4, 1819 ; or April 24, 1816, rate in creased to annual allowance of $96, under which the sum of $1,715.18 received to date of publication of list. — Revolution ary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. BLACKBOURN, CLEMENT, aged 80, resided in Madi son county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. BLAKELY, AQUILLA, aged 94, and a resident of Blount county; private and sergeant Virginia Militia; enrolled on July 2, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $35 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $105. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Part 3, Vol. xiii. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. BLANKENSHIP, REUBEN, aged 69, and a resident of Shelby county; private Virginia Militia; enrolled on May 24, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $23.31. — Revolution^ ary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Coosa county, June 1, 1840, aged 73. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. He was bur ied at Poplar Springs church in that county. — D. B. Oden, of Childersburg, Ala., in Transactions of the Alabama His torical Society, Vol. iv, p. 533. BODLY, JOHN, aged 72, and a resident of Jackson coun ty; private S. C. State Troops and Militia; enrolled on Jan uary 22, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, pay ment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $240. — Revolu tionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. (288) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 13 BOLTON, BENJAMIN, aged 69, and a resident of Dal las county; private N. C. Continental Line; enrolled on Jan uary 21, 1822, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, pay ment to date from September 15, 1820; annual allowance, $96 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $1,245.32. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. BOYD, JAMES, a resident of Jefferson county; private, particular service not shown; enrolled on September 17, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $23.33. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. BOYDSTON, SAMUEL, aged 72, and a resident of Perry county ; private Tennessee Militia ; enrolled on Septem ber 17, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832 ; payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $46.66 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $116.65. — Revolution ary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st 1833-34. BRADFORD, THOMAS.— "Not so many miles north of Amity church, on this same Choctaw line, stands the grave and memorial stone of another Revolutionary soldier. "Thomas Bradford. — A slight enclosure surrounds this lone burial spot, and the headstone, with its few and simple words, reminds every passer-by of man's mortality, and also that the dust is sleeping there of one of the soldiers of '76, the Immortal Band of whom a South Carolina patriot, and eloquent Christian lawyer, asks the touching, the thrilling question, 'Shall they meet again in the amaranthine bowers of spotless purity, of perfect bliss, of eternal glory?' "Thomas Bradford had two sons, Brasil and Nathan." — Rev. T. H. Ball's Clarke County, Alabama, p. 476. BRAGG, PETER M., Sr.— "Obituary— Departed this life, at his residence in Lowndes county, Ala., on the 21st of May, Mr. Peter N. Bragg, Sr., A SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION, at the advanced age of 78 years. "Mr. Bragg was a native of Virginia, born in Fauquier county March 4th, 1763 ; he entered the American Army un der command of (ien. Greene, at the early age of 16 ; and was in two distinguished battles — that of Guilford Court House, N. C, and the one near Camden, S. C. "At the close of the war, Mr. Bragg removed to Spartan burg District, S. C, where he resided about forty-six years, (289) 14 Department of Archives and History. and moved thence, in December 1829, to Lowndes county, Ala., where he continued till his death. He was a member of the Baptist church more than 40 years ; and his irreproach able life and unstained character exemplify the honesty of his profession and the purity of his heart. He was no par- tizan in religious matters, but taking the Bible alone, as his standard of Christian profession and practice; he bowed to no other tribunal. If he ever erred it was an error of the judgment, not of heart. And it may fairly demand a doubt, whether in his degenerate age, any man ever lived more stu diously the life of a Christian. To speak in terms most appro priate, of the domestic, social and moral worth of Peter N. Bragg in the narrow space assigned in Obituary, would be, to those who knew him, but slight praise, and only show the imbecility of a few presuming lines, which attempt to declare the virtuous acts and beneficent deeds characteristic of a long, industrious, enterprising and virtuous life; but let it suffice here to observe, that Mr. Bragg lived for his country, his fellow-man and his God. "As a neighbor, he promptly discharged all the duties which the mutual obligation and reciprocal dependencies of society demand. "As a citizen, he freely took part in all matters affecting our civil rights and municipal happiness. As a Christian, he was attentive and liberal to the indigent, merciful and humane to the afflicted, kind and hospitable to strangers, and just and merciful to all." — The Green-ville Mountaineer, Green ville, S. C, June 12, 1841. BRADLEY, JOHN, Sen., aged 83, resided in Clarke coun ty, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. BRADLEY, JOHN, Sen., aged 83, resided in Marshall county, June 1, 1840. — Coisus of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. BREWER, BARNET, aged 71, and a resident of Mont gomery county ; private Virginia Militia ; enrolled on June 15, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $20. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Macon county, June 1, 1840, aged 77. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. BROUGHTON, THOMAS, sergeant and Heutenant; par ticular service not shown, deceased; records show that his widow, Mary Broughton, lived within the vicinity of Decatur (290) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 15 and received payment from that branch of the State Bank. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. BROWN, HAMILTON, aged 79„ and a resident of Greene county, private S. C. Militia; enrolled on September 17, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $80; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $240. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 14, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Greene county, June 1, 1840, aged 86. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. BROWN, JOHN, a resident of Jefferson county; private, particular service not shown; enrolled on March 15, 1833, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from September 4, 1833 ; annual allowance, $80.66. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. BROWN, WILLIAM, aged 88, resided in Dallas County, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. BRUTON, BENJAMIN, aged 73, and a resident of Tus caloosa county; private and sergeant N. C. Militia; enrolled on April 23, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $53.33 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $133.32. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. BRYANT, ELIZABETH, aged 71, resided in Jackson county, June 1, 1840, with H. M. Bryant.— C^njM.? of Pen sioners, 1841, p. 148. BRYANT, JOHN, aged 85, resided in Jackson county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. BURFORD, JOHN, Sen., aged 75, and a resident of Jef ferson county ; private and sergeant N. C. Continental Line ; enrolled on November 15, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, 43.88. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. BUTLER, JAMES, a resident of Shelby county; private, particular service not shown; enrolled on February 22, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from September 4, 1836; annual allowance, $73.33. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. He resided in Shelby county, June 1, 1840, aged 83. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. (291) 16 Department of Archives and History. BUTLER, WILLIAM, aged 78, and a resident of Law rence county; private Virginia Militia; enrolled on November 4, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $43.33. — Revolu tionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. BUZBEE, JACOB, aged 74, and a resident of St. Clair county ; Private S. C. Militia ; enroHed on March 6, 1834, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $63.33 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $189.99. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. CADENHEAD, JAMES, Sen., aged 98, resided in Pike county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. CAFFEY, JOHN. The Alabama Journal, Montgomery, August 28, 1826, contains the obituary of John Caffey : "Died, at his plantation, in the vicinity of Montgomery, on Saturday, the 19th, inst. (Aug. 19, 1826), of bilious fever, Mr. John Caffey, in seventy-fifth year of his age. "Mr. Caffey was born on the eastern shore of Maryland. At an early period of the revolution he enlisted under the command of Washington and La Fayette. After the struggle for independence was over he settled in Guilford county, N. C, where he had the confidence of his fellow citizens. He moved to this town in 1817 and was esteemed for his peace ful and neighborly conduct. Mr. Caffey had long been an exemplary member of the church, and when sensible his last moments were approaching, he surrendered his spirit with praises of God on his lips and an entire possession of his un derstanding." He was the son of Michael Caffey of North Ireland, who migrated to New Jersey early in the 18th century. His wife was Mary Buchanan of Virginia. Mr. William Hardwick Ruth, a great-great-grandson now (1910) resides in Mont gomery. His remains lie in an old family burying ground on the Woodley road, near the city of Montgomery. He was the friend of Lafayette, and when that distinguished patriot vis ited Montgomery in 1825, one of the old veterans to greet him was John Caffey. — See Blue's Montgomery Directory, 1878 ; and Archives of Maryland, Vol. 18, p. 27 and 643. CALDWELL, DAVID, aged 87, resided in Talladega county, June 1, 1840, with Charles Caldwell. — Census of Pen sioners, 1841, p. 148. (292) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 17 CALDWELL, JAMES. Mrs. P. H. Mell in Transactions of the Alabama Historical Society, vol. iv, pp. 534-5, says : "James Caldwell is buried in the cemetery at old Davisville, in Calhoun county, Ala., one and one-half miles south of Iron City station, twelve miles east of Anniston, on the Southern railroad. The 'oldest inhabitant' could give no information concerning the soldier. "The tomb is built of brick ; about 8 feet long, 6^4 feet wide, and 5 feet high. The shingles of the roofs are badly rotted. A plain marble tablet is let into the wall of the tomb, bearing this inscription: Sacred to the memory of JA:^IES CALDWELL, who died October 2nd, 1847; in the 98th year of his age. He was a soldier of the Revolution. "The above account was furnished by W. B. Bowling, of Lafayette, Ala. "Efforts have been made in vain to find the history of this old soldier. It is said that he came from South Carolina. He is another one of those forgotten heroes whose graves are scattered over the State." CAMPBELL, CHARLES, aged 76, and a resident of Lau derdale county ; private Virginia State Troops ; enrolled on October 7, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, pay ment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. CAMPBELL, DAVID, aged 72, and a resident of Greene county; private S. C. Militia; enrolled on September 17. 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $30 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $90. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Greene County, June 1, 1840, aged 80. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. CAMPBELL, GEORGE, a resident of Autauga county; private and sergeant, particular service not shown ; enrolled on April 8, 1835, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, pay ment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $55.83. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. (293) 2 RS 18 Department of Archives and History. CARD, HUGH, aged 84, resided in Randolph, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. CARGILL, TH:0MAS, age not given, a resident of Jack son county ; private of Cavalry N. C. Militia ; enrolled on Jan uary 6, 1834; under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $100; sums received to date of publication of Hst, $300. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Marshall county, June 1, 1840, aged 77. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. CARROL, DUMPSEY, aged 82, and a resident of Wilcox county; private N. C. Militia; enrolled on July 25, 1834, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $20. — Revolutionary Pen sion Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. CARROLL, DEMPSEY, aged 78, resided in Wilcox coun ty, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. (Prob ably same as preceding, but age of each makes it uncertain.) CARUTHERS, HUGH, aged 77, and a resident of Mad ison county ; private N. C. Continental Line ; enrolled on De cember 31, 1832, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, pay ment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $80; sums received to date of publication of list, $240. — Revolu tionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. CASEY, WILLIAM, aged 77, and a resident of Autauga county; private S. C. Militia; enrolled on March 7, 1834, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1833; payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $40. — Revolutionary Pen sion Roll, in Part 3, Vol. xiii. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Coosa county, June 1, 1840, with M. B. Casey, aged 89. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. CATCHUM, HUGH, aged 73, and a resident of Limestone county; private N. C. Militia and State Troops; enrolled on January 24, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, pay ment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $46.66; sums received to date of publication of Hst, $139.98. — Revo lutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. (294) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 19 CAULK, JACOB, aged 85, resided in Madison county, June 1, 1840, with John H. Webster. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. CHANCELLOR, JERRY. "This soldier of the Revolution is buried in a country churchyard at Pine Level Methodist church, in Autauga county, eighteen miles west of Montgom ery. "A short sketch of the life of Jerry Chancellor may be found in the Memorial Record of Alabama, vol. ii., p. 895. He was born in England and came to America with his father and two brothers, when sixteen years of age. This was dur ing the Revolutionary war. After remaining a short time in Virginia, the father and his two oldest sons, William and Jerry, came to South Carolina, leaving the youngest son, Jackson Chancellor, in Virginia. Tradition says that Chan cellorsville, Virginia, was named for the family of this young est son. "When the Chancellors arrived in South Carolina they found the war raging violently all around them and it be came necessary for them to decide what their own course should be. The father, whose loyalty to England could not be shaken, told his sons that he should join the British; the sons declared that they admired the Americans for standing up for their rights and they intended to cast their lots with the people of their adopted country. The father and sons never met again, but fought on opposite sides until the close of the Revolutionary war. We do not know in what regiment Jerry Chancellor served, but SaffeU's Records, p. 293, states that Nov. 1, 1779, William Chancellor was a private in the South Carolina regiment commanded by Lieut. Col. Francis Marion, Seventh Company, Thomas Dunbar, captain. "Jerry Chancellor married Galatea Gilbert and settled in South Carolina after the Revolution, where he remained until 1818, when he organized a colony in South Carolina and came with them to Alabama. They settled on the Autauga side of the Alabama river. He remained with this colony un til his death. Descendants of Jerry Chancellor are now living in Childersburg and in Coosa county. His grandson, William S. Chancellor, was one of the oldest Masons in Alabama." — Mrs. P. H. Mell in Transactions of the Alabama Historical Society, Vol. iv., p. 535. CHANDLER, JOHN, aged 89, resided in Benton county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. (295) 20 Department of Archives and History. CHERRY, JOSIAH, aged 79, resided in Marengo county, June 1, 1840, with J. W. Cherry. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. CLARKE, LEWIS, aged 71, and a resident of Jackson county; private Virginia Militia; enrolled on November 4, 1833, under the act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $30. — Revolu tionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Jackson county, June 1, 1840, aged 77. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. CLARKE, THOMAS, aged 79, and a resident of Tusca loosa county; private N. C. Militia; enrolled on September 36, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $60; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $180. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. CLICK, JOHN, resided in Jefferson county, on the East side of Valley Creek, between the present Powderly and old Hawkins Big Spring. Here he built a mill, which later be came the property of his son. Moss CHck. CLOWER, JONATHAN, aged 71, and a resident of Bibb county; private N. Carolina Militia; enrolled on July 6, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $40. — Revolutionary Pen sion Roll, in Part 3, Vol. xiii, Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. COCHRAN, WILLIAM, age not given, a resident of Clarke county ; sergeant Virginia Continental Line ; enrolled on September 28, 1819, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from September 7, 1818; annual al lowance, $96. ; sums received to date of publication of list, $121.60 ; died December 12, 1819. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. COLEMAN, CHARLES P., aged 71, and a resident of Greene county; private N. C. State Troops; enrolled on Octo ber 3, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80 ; sums re ceived to date of pubHcation of list, $240. — Revolutionary Pen sion Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. (296) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 21 COLLIER, JAMES. Died — At his residence near the vil lage, on Monday the 20th instant, after a severe illness of two weeks, Mr. James Collier, in the 77th year of his age. Mr. Collier was a native of Virginia, and at an early period of his life entered the Revolutionary Army. Through the whole of that arduous and protracted struggle for liberty, he mani fested the most untiring zeal and unceasing devotion in the cause of his country. He was no less distinguished for his patriotism, than for high-toned honor and those bland and social virtues which endeared him to a large circle of relations and friends. Overwhelming as is this melancholy bereavement to his worthy family, in which he shone as a most affectionate hus band and father, and benevolent master, there is still for them great consolation in knowing that he developed strong hopes of future bliss, that flourish above the tomb, immortal and unfading. Many of his latest moments were spent in prayer; and he maintained throughout this trying interval that propriety which belonged to the character of a man of sense, and that elevated dependence upon a higher power which became a Christian. Such were, as we have been enabled to sketch them, the life and death of our deceased friend; we see pictured in them the employments of a man bent earnestly and steadily upon the faithful discharge of the duties which pertained to the situation allotted to him by his Creator. No meritorious ar tifice to attract the popular applause, no disingenuous manoeu- vering, were perceptible in his character. These qualities ren dered him firm and steady in his friendships. His loss will long be felt by the circle of relations whom he has left behind him ; and his memory, as a soldier and a man, will be long and affectionately cherished by all to whom he was known. How often, at the peaceful fireside of this revolutionary soldier, have we heard the tale of the deeds of others years ! Even now, can we see, in fancy's eye, the grey-haired sire, traveling with increased emotion through the memorable bat tles of Gilford, Brandywine, Savannah and Eutaw Springs. His aged and failing eyes glisten again with the fire of youth ! At the recollection of their resplendent glories, he springs forward from the venerable chair of age, and in the warmth of emotion, almost forgets, for the time, the lapse of years ! But he is gone to the cold and silent tomb, mouldering into dust, and mingling again with his mother earth. No more shall his spirit rejoice in the cannon's roar, or the music of (297) 22 Department of Archives and History. the drum. Triana, Madison Co., Ala., Aug. 28, 1832. — South ern Advocate, Huntsville, Sept. 8, 1832. Mrs. P. H. Mell has collected some additional details, and her sketch is given in full, although it contains some repe titions : "James Collier, a Revolutionary soldier, is buried on his plantation near Triana, Madison county, Alabama, about twenty miles from Huntsville. "His wife is buried beside him and their monuments, with inscriptions, are now standing in a full state of preservation in the old family burying ground. The inscriptions are as follows : " 'To the memory of JAMES COLLIER, who was born in Lunenburg Co., Va., Oct. 13th, A. D. 1757, and died the 20th of August, A. D. 1832. " 'And though after my skin worms destroy this body, yet in my flesh shall I see God: whom I shall see for myself and my eyes shall behold and not another.' " To the memory of ELIZABETH BOULDIN, of Charlotte Co., Va., wife of James CoHier, who was born the 13th of Feb., A. D. 1763, and died the 23d of Feb., A. D. 1828. " 'All flesh is grass, and all the goodliness thereof is as a flower of the field, for the wind passeth over it and it is gone and the place thereof shall know it no more.' " "James Collier was the son of Cornelius Collier and Eliza beth Wyatt, of Lunenburg county, Va. He was descended from Charles Collier, of King and Queen county, Va., on his father's side, and his mother was nearly related to Sir Francis Wyatt, Colonial Governor of Virginia. It was the old flax wheel of his (James Collier's) cousin, Mary ColHer, the an cestor of the late Prof. G. Brown Goode, which suggested the insignia of the Daughters of the American Revolution. James Collier was wounded at the battle of Eutaw Springs by a sabre cut across his cheek, in a hand-to-hand encounter with a British soldier. He killed the soldier and carried the scar on his face to his grave. His brother, Wyatt Collier, was killed in the same battle when only a boy. "James Collier married Elizabeth Bouldin, July 3, 1788, daughter of James Bouldin and Sally Watkins, of Charlotte county, Va. He was a large land owner in Lunenburg county and resided there until 1802, when he, with his little family, (298) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 23 followed his father and other relatives to Abbeville District, South Carolina. He was a large planter in that State until 1818, when he foHowed his sons to the territory of Alabama, his older sons having settled in that part of the Mississippi territory, now Alabama, in 1812. He settled on a large plan tation in Madison county, where he lived and died. "His wife, Elizabeth Bouldin, was the daughter of James Bouldin, who was the oldest son of Colonel Thomas Bouldin of Colonial fame, who settled in Lunenburg (now Charlotte) county, Virginia, in 1744, coming from Pennsylvania. His wife was Nancy Clark, niece of Captain Richard Wood of the English navy. The family of Bouldins are noted for their intellect and their love for the legal profession. Virginia boasts there has never been a generation without a judge, even to the present day. This couple left a large family of sons, but there were only four grandsons among the grand children. Governor Henry Watkins Collier was a son of James Collier. He was closely connected with the politics of Alabama from 1822 until his death in 1855. "The ancestry of James Collier is as follows : (1) Charles Collier of King and Queen county, Virginia. One of his children, — (2) John CoHier, Sr., (1680-1735), who was married three times, by his third wife, Nancy Eyres, had issue, among others ; (3) Cornelius Collier, born 1725, married Elizabeth Wy att in Gloucester county, Va., about 1750, lived in Lunenburg coutny, Va., was a soldier in the Revolution and moved to AbbeviHe District, South CaroHna in 1788; he had four sons and one of them was — (4) James Collier, the subject of this sketch. The facts of this article were furnished by his great-grand daughter. Miss Elizabeth R. Benagh. James CoHier is men tioned in the Memorial Record of Alabama, vol. ii, p. 415." — Transactions of the Alabama Historical Society, Vol. iv, pp. 536-7. COLLINS, ELISHA, aged 75, and a resident of Greene county; private Virginia Militia; enroHed on December 18, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $30 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $90. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. COLLINS, ELY, aged 76, and a resident of Limestone county; private N. C. Militia; enrolled on February 23, 1834, (299) 24 Department of Archives and History. under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $40 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $100. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc, 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. COOK, BENJAMIN, aged 83, resided in Monroe county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. COOK, REUBEN, aged 74, and a resident of Fayette county ; private N. C. Militia ; enrolled on November 15, 1833, under act of Congress of June "7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $36.66 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $109.98. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Fayette county, June 1, 1840, aged 80. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. CORLEY, ZACCHEUS, aged 73, and a resident of Bibb county ; private S. Carolina Militia ; enrolled on March 8, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $40; sums received to date of publication of list, $100. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Part 3, Vol. xiii, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Bibb county, June 1, 1840, aged 77.— Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. CORY, THOMAS, age not given, a resident of Mobile county; sergeant 4th Battalion Corps ArtiHery; enrolled on May 21, 1831, payment to date from February 15, 1821 ; an nual allowance, $32 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $161.47 ; Acts Military establishment. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. COTTON, JAMES, aged 69, and a resident of Madison county; private Virginia Militia; enrolled on March 2, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $55 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $165. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. COUCPI, ELY, age not given, a resident of Russell county ; corporal 4th Regular U. S. Infantry; enrolled on September 20, 1832, payment to date from August 1, 1832 ; annual allow ance, $96 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $201.06 ; Acts Military establishment. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. COURSON, JAMES, aged 72, and a resident of Mont gomery county; private S. C. Continental Line and Militia; (300) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 25 enroHed on January 19, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832; payment to date from March 1831; annual aHowance, $80 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $240. — Revo lutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. COZBY, ROBERT, age not given, a resident of Lowndes county; private Revolutionary Army; enroHed on May 15, 1831 ; payment to date from February 14, 1821 ; annual al lowance, $96 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $245.06 ; Acts Military establishment. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. CRAFT, EZEKIEL, aged 72, and a resident of Madison county; private, dragoon and drummer S. C. Continental Line and Militia; enroHed on December 31, 1832, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual alowance, $93.33 ; sums received to date of pub lication of list, $279.99. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He re sided in Madison county, June 1, 1840, aged 77. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. CRAIG, JOHN, aged 71, and a resident of Limestone coun ty; private Virginia Militia; enrolled on January 24, 1833, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $38.34. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. CRAIG, JOHN, aged 75, resided in Limestone county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, p. 148. CRANE, MAYFIELD, aged 67, and a resident of Pickens county ; private S. C. State Troops ; enroHed on AprH 13, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. CUNNINGHAM, ROBERT, aged 73, and a resident of Tuscaloosa county; private and sergeant, N. C. Continental Line and Militia ; enroHed on June 5, 1833, under act of Con gress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1871; annual allowance, $91.67 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $275.01. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. (301) 26 Department of Archives and History. Mrs. P. H. Mell in Transactions of the Alabama Histo rical Society, Vol. iv, pp. 537-541 has a fuH account of the life and services of this patriot. "Rev. Robert Cunningham lies buried near the central part of the old cemetery in Tuscaloosa. A stately marble shaft marks his grave; the epitaph which covers the four sides of the shaft is in Latin, showing among other things that he had been a soldier of the Revolution, and pastor of Presbyterian churches in Georgia and in Lexington, Kentucky. "These inscriptions are as follows: On the west face: Hie Sepultus Jacet Vir ille ROBERTUS M. CUNNINGHAM, D. D. Belli Revolutionis Americanae miles fidelis. etiamque Crucis Domini Jesu Christi: On the east face : Ecclesiae Presb. in Republica Georgiae Pastor Multos annos. Et in urbe Lexingtonia Rep. Kentuckiensis Eundem honorem tulit. On the south face: Qui De Religione, de Patria Optime meritus : Maximo suorum et bonorum omnuim Desiderio Mortem obiit. Die Jul. XI : Anno Domini : MDCCCXXXIX : Aetatis suae LXXX. On the north face: Uxor dilectissima Hoc monumentum ponendum Curavit. (302) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 27 "The facts concerning the life of this distinguished man are mostly taken from Sanders' Early Settlers of Alabama, p. 197. The author says that the importance of historical so cieties is shown from the fact that very little information could be obtained for this biography from any source until he wrote to the Presbyterian Historical Society of Philadel phia, when he promptly received a circumstantial account of the events of his life. "Robert M. Cunningham, a son of Roger and Mary Cun ningham, was born in York county, Pennsylvania, Septem ber 10, 1760. In 1775 his parents removed to North Caro lina. Query 393 of the Historical and Genealogical Depart ment of the Montgomery (Ala.) Advertiser states that 'Ro ger Cunningham and wife, Sturgeon, removed from near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, to Mecklenburg county, North Carolina, just previous to the Revolutionary war. They had six children, — Robert, William, James, Nelly, Mary and Margaret.' There is little room to doubt that this is the same family as that of the subject of this sketch, and that his mother's name was Mary Sturgeon. "Robert served as a youthful soldier in the North Carolina contingent during the Revolutionary war, but it is not known to what regiment he was attached. At the close of the war he went to school to the Rev. Robert Finley, Mr. Robert Mc Culloch and the Rev. Joseph Alexander. In 1787, being 26 years of age, he entered the junior class in Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., and graduated in 1789. "On leaving college he returned to his parents and taught school while he studied theology. He was licensed to preach by the First Presbytery of South Carolina in 1792. Here he married his first wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Charles and Mary Moore, of Spartanburg District. A sketch of the life of Charles Moore is given in J. B. Landrum's History of Spartanburg, p. 189. He was a brave and faithful old pa triot. Elizabeth died November 3, 1794, leaving a daughter who died young. "In the autumn of 1792 he went to Georgia and organized a church called Ebenezer, in Hancock county; he also preached at Bethany church. October 15, 1795, he married Betsy Ann, daughter of Joseph Parks, of Prince Edward county, Virginia, and by this marriage he had five sons, one of whom was the Rev. Joseph Cunningham, a minister of ability. October 14, 1805, he married as a third wife, Emily, daughter of Col. William Bird, of Warren county, Georgia, (303) 28 Department of Archives and History. originally from Pennsylvania, who survived him. Hers was a family of distinction. — See Dubose's Life of Yancey. Three of her aunts on her father's side married signers of the Dec laration of Independence, James Wilson and George Ross, of Pennsylvania, and George Read, of Delaware. Her sister, Caroline Bird, married Benjamin Cudworth Yancey, and was the mother of the great Southern orator, William Lowndes Yancey. Another sister, Louisa Bird, married Captain Rob ert Cunningham of 'Rosemont,' South Carolina, a gentle man of great wealth, Hberality and high culture, and an offi cer in the war of 1812. Their daughter. Miss Ann Pamela Cunningham, was the founder of the Mt. Vernon Ladies' Memorial Association and was its first regent. Another sis ter married Jesse Beene, of Cahaba, a distinguished lawyer and politician. A brother. Will E. Bird, was county judge of Dallas county, Alabama, 1836. It is a singular coincidence that Emily Bird married Rev. Robert Cunningham, of Geor gia, and another sister, Louisa Bird, married Capt. Robert Cunningham, of South Carolina. Rev. Robert Cunningham at the time of his marriage must have won much distinction in a ministerial and social respect. By this last marriage he had a son, Robert, a physician, who died in Sumter county, Alabama, and three daughter, — Mrs. Maltby, Mrs. Wilson and Louisa. "In 1807 he removed to Lexington, Kentucky, and was in stalled pastor of the First Presbyterian church. This town was even then celebrated for its wealth and intellectual cul ture and this pulpit required a minister of learning and elo quence. He remained in Lexington until 1822, when he re moved to Moulton, in North Alabama. He had been laboring as a minister for thirty years, and, requiring some relaxation, he bought a plantation but preached in Moulton and surround ing viHages. In 1826 he bought a farm eleven miles from Tuscaloosa and removed there. He built up churches in Tus caloosa and at Carthage; he also preached occasionally at Greensboro, where his son, Joseph, was pastor. For eight years he preached a free gospel at Tuscaloosa. He preached his last sermon in 1838. He received the degree of doctor of divinity from Franklin CoHege, Georgia (now the Uni versity), in 1827. In 1836 he removed to Tuscaloosa, and he died there on the llth of July, 1839, 80 years of age. Dr. Cunningham was a man of impressive appearance ; his height was more than six feet and his form was well developed; his features were good with expressive eyes ; he was a man of (304) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 29 learning, eloquence and power in preaching; a man of char ity, beloved by Christians of all denominations, and his tender ness in preaching opened many hearts. The old saint was called in Alabama 'Father Cunningham' ; and he is thus de scribed in Nail's Dead of the Synod of Alabama: 'Very few men ever exhibited more of clear and sound intellect — of ten der, melting pathos — and of bold and manly eloquence — than did this patriarch of the church.' " CUNNINGHAM, WILLIAM N., aged 93, resided in Ben ton county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. CURRY, THOMAS, sergeant, particular service not shown; annual aHowance, $31.82; not demanded after March, 1831. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. DAILY, OWEN, aged 76, resided in Monroe county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. DARBY, BENJAMIN, aged 86, and a resident of Clarke county; private S. C. Militia; enrolled on April 18, 1833, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $38.32 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $95.80. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. DARDEN, GEORGE, aged 71, and a resident of Tusca loosa county; private Georgia Militia ; enrolled on April 2, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $27.77 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $83.31. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. DAVIS, JOHN, aged 61, and a resident of Mobile county ; private S. C. Continental Line; enroHed on September 39, 1819, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from February 15, 1819 ; annual allowance, $96 ; drop ped under act May 1, 1830. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. DAVIS. LEWIS C, aged 78, and a resident of Autauga county ; private Virginia State 'Troops ; enroHed on May 19, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80.00. — Revolution ary Pension Roll, in Part 3, Vol. xiii. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. DAVIS, SAMUEL, aged 78, and a resident of Madison county, private Virginia MHitia; enrolled on January 24, (305) 30 Department of Archives and History. 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance $26.66; sums received to date of publication of list, $66.65. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Madison county, June 1, 1840, aged 85. — Cen sus of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. DAVIS, THOMAS,, aged 71, and a resident of Madison county ; private S. C. State Troops ; enrolled on November 15, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832 ; payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $30 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $90. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. DAVIS, WILLIAM, aged 73, and a resident of Greene county; private of Cavalry N. C. State Troops; enrolled on March 15, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, pay ment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $100; sums received to date of publication of list, $200. — Revolution^ ary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. DAY, WILLIAM, age not given, and a resident of Dallas county; private S. C. MHitia; enrolled on March 8, 1833, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $40 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $120. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. DEAN, RICHARD, aged 75, and a resident of Madison county; private S. C. Continental Line; enrolled on January 34, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $80; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $240. — Revolutionary Pen sion Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Madison county, June 1, 1840, aged 81. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. DEANE, JOHN, Sen., aged 75, and a resident of Clarke county; sergeant of Artillery, Virginia Continental Line and State 'Troops; enrolled on February 6, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $120 ; sums received to date of publi cation of list, $360. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Part 3, Vol. xni. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. DEARMAN, THOMAS M., aged 94, resided in Sumter county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. (306) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 31 DICKSON, ABNER, age not given; a resident of Frank lin county; private Tennessee Volunteers; enrolled on March 10, 1818, payment to date from May 4, 1815 ; annual allow ance, $96 ; sums received to date of pubHcation of list, $1,808 ; April 24, 1816. Transferred from Montgomery county, Ten nessee, from March 4, 1827. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. DODD, JESSE, aged 77, and a resident of Lawrence county; private N. C. Continental Line; enroHed on Septem ber 6, 1817, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, pay ment to date from September 25, 1818 ; annual allowance, $96; sums received to date of publication of list, $1,124.72. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. DOYLE, EDWARD, aged 76, and a resident of Blount county; private S. C. Militia; enrolled on July 31, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $87.50. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Part 3, Vol. xin. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. DUNCAN, JOHN, aged 83, resided in Jackson county, June 1, 1840, with Robert Duncan. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. DUNSMOOR, JAMES, aged 75, and a resident of Mor gan county; private N. C. Militia; enrolled on November 15, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $20. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. EARLE, SAMUEL, aged 75, and a resident of Washing ton county; private Virginia Continental Line; enrolled on January 5, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, pay ment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $80; sums received to date of publication of list, $200. — Revolu tionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. EDDINS, BENJAMIN. "The subject of this sketch was a native of Virginia, and moved to South Carolina, many years previous to the American Revolution. He settled with his family in the upper part of the State, near Cambridge, or 'Old Ninety-Six.' By industry, prudence and economy, he has accumulated a handsome property and was living in great (307) 32 Department of Archives and History. comfort and independence, when the war of the Revolution commenced. The ease and comfort of a home, however, with all of the luxuries of wealth, were as nothing to Mr. Eddins, when compared with the cause in which he found his country struggling. "After the glorious repulse of Sir Peter Parker and Henry Clinton in their attack upon Fort Moultrie, in 1776, the citi zens of South Carolina were suffered to live in peace untH the fall of Charleston in 1780. Immediately after this unfor tunate event, the whole South fell under the military Govern ment of Great Britain. The inhabitants, in almost every part of the country, had to seek protection from such a source. They preferred dying with the liberties of their country, rather than to survive only to witness her degradation and subjection. Among these gallant spirits, whose names deserve being held in everlasting remembrance, was Benjamin Eddins. He attached himself to a small band of patriots, who stood out in defiance of the Royal Government, in old Ninety-Six dis trict. Whilst bravely fighting under the standard of liberty, borne by his patriot band he was captured, and sent a prisoner of war to the British station at Ninety-Six, then under the command of Col. Cruger. "Shortly after the capture of and imprisonment of Mr. Ed dins a scouting party of the Tories went to his home, and after appropriating everything movable which they could find, they demanded of Mrs. Eddins her hidden treasures of money, and other articles of value. Making a virtue of neces sity, she yielded everything of the kind which she possessed. But the plunderers were not satisfied and insisted that all had not been given up, and thereupon proceeded to abuse her shamefully and mistreat Mrs. Eddins. An officer was guilty of the dastardly brutality of inflict ing upon her a wound with his sword, which she carried to her grave. They then set fire to the dwelling house and out houses, and in a few minutes, the whole were wrapped in flames. "The news of the destruction of the property, and the mis treatment of the family, was carried to Mr. Eddins, whilst immured in the prison vaults. He received the information with the philosophy and calm resignation of a christian and a patriot. The fruits of his labor and industry, during a well spent life, were gone; but they had been sacrificed by his un- fiinching devotion to his country, and this was consolation enough for a spirit like his. (308) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 33 "After remaining some time in prison, unnoticed and per haps unthought of, bj' those in whose custody he was, it was his good fortune to receive a visit from Col. Cruger, the com mander of the station. The object of this visit was. to employ Eddins as a pilot for the foraging parties of the British army. He had a great while been living in that part of the country, and was better acquainted with its locality than almost any other person. Hence, his services would have been a matter of considerable importance to the British army. In order to secure him in such service. Col. Cruger offered him his liberty and liberal wages. They were instantly rejected with scorn and indignation. A commission in the British army was then tendered him, with a promise of indemnity for the property which he had lost. These tempting offers were likewise spurned. Threats were now resorted to, and in reply to these, Eddins said, 'I am, sir, your prisoner, and consequently com pletely in your power. You may, if you see proper, inflict any cruelty your imagination can invent. If it suits your love of torture, you may hitch a horse to each of my limbs and tear my body into four pieces: Or you can' — unfolding his naked bosom to the Colonel — 'cut out my heart a-nd drain it of its last drop of blood; but, sir, my services belong to my country, and you never can command them.' The boldness and the pa triotic devotion of this high and noble expression — an expres sion worthy of the most illustrious hero that ever lived — touched the heart of the British officer, who was an accom plished gentleman, and a generous soldier and feeling alive to all of the noble impulses of our nature. 'You infatuated rebel,' replied the Colonel, 'You possess too bold a spirit and too hon est a heart to linger out your days in prison — you are at lib erty to go where you please, and dispose of your services as you may see proper.' "Mr. Eddins was immediatetly released, and soon after joined the American army under General Pickens, where he continued to serve till the end of the war. He lived to a good old age, and died in Alabama, not many years since. He wit nessed his country enjoying that liberty and independence, for which he had fought so manfully in his younger days. "The above was given by a revolutionary soldier, who was in prison with Mr. Eddins, when visited by Col. Cniger." — "Revolutionary Incidents, No. 14," by Benjamin F. Perry in the Green-ville Mountaineer, Greenville, S. C, Saturday, May 16, 1835. (309) 3 RS 34 Department of Archives and History. EDDINS, WILLIAM, aged 70, and a resident of Madi son county ; dragoon Virginia Militia ; enrolled on August 12, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $100 ; sums received to date of pubHcation of list, $200. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess. 1833-34. The Greenville Mountaineer, Greenville, S. C, June 27, 1835, has an interesting sketch of the services of Mr. Eddins. It was written by Gov. Benjamin F. Perry, a distinguished lawyer and political leader of South CaroHna, and who de voted much time to local antiquarian and historical studies. The sketch is given in full : "For the Mountaineer. "revolutionary incidents, no. 20. WILLIAMS EDDINS, SEN. "In a previous number of these incidents, the writer gave a brief sketch of the life, character and services of BENJAMIN EDDINS, a brave and gallant old spirit of the Revolution, who said to Col. Cruger, whilst a prisoner of war in a British garrison, 'I scorn your threats — you may take my life, or in flict on my person any cruelty your imagination can suggest — but my services belong to my country, and you can never com mand them.' Never was there a nobler sentiment uttered by the mouth of man. The far-famed reply of General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney to the French Ministry — 'Millions for defense, but not a cent for tribute,' does not surpass it. "The object of the present number, is to give some account of the Revolutionary services of Williams Eddins, the worthy son of this fearless and disinterested old patriot, and endowed with all of his father's devotion to his country, united with the natural ardor and enthusiasm of youth. At the age of sixteen, before most boys have left the leading strings of their mother, he shouldered his rifle, and marched forth to meet the enemy of his country, ready to 'sink or swim, live or die,' with the cause which his youthful heart had espoused. Not long after he had entered the service of his country, he was captured by the enemy, and started with other prisoners to the British fort at Ninety-Six. His arms were taken from him, as a matter of course, and his horse appropriated by one of the guards. Whilst they were thus marching on to Cam bridge, the soldier who had taken possession of Eddins' horse, stopped to take a little American whiskey which he had also captured, dismounted, and laid his musket against a tree. Ed dins was hkewise suffered to halt, whilst the other prisoners, (310) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 36 among whom was his father, continued their march. It is often said, that one drink with a veteran in the school of Bac chus, begets a thirst for another, and so it happened with the British soldier on the present occasion. He drank and loitered until the guard had got some distance ahead of him, and in the meantime, became rather careless of horse, gun and pris oner. A drunken man is very much inclined to be liberal and unsuspecting, but the veteran of Mars, as well of Bacchus, did not for a moment apprehend an attempt at escape, from a lad of Eddins' age and apearance. He was, however, mistaken for once, and the young prisoner, watching his opportunity, seized hold of the soldier's musket, mountetd his own horse, and rode off rather too fleetly to be overtaken. "In this manner, William Eddins made his escape from a long and loathsome confinement, which befel the other prison ers. He made direct for home, to inform his mother of the capture and imprisonment of his father. The night that he reached home, he took the precaution to hide his gun in an old hollow log, secure from the weather as well as the search of the Tories. He had not been long in bed with a younger brother, when the house received a visit from the Tories. Wil liam and his brother secreted themselves between the bed and the wall, but not so as to elude the search of the Tories. After rumaging and looking about for some time, they discovered the feet of the two boys, and were in the act of pulling Wil liam out by the heel, when his mother said to them, — 'do let the children alone.' They inferred from this expression, and the appearance of the boys, covered up in part by the bed that they were much younger and smaller than they actually were. In a short time the Tories left, and as they were going off, William, who was ever ready for an adventure, no matter how hazardous, determined to get up, take his gun from the hollow log, and give them a shot as they were going around the swamp not far off. His mother and brother did all they could to dissuade him, but in vain. He did as he had determined, and made his escape in safety. What effect his fire had is not known. "In a few days after this, William joined Gen. Pickens, and marched with him into the Cherokee nation. They came very near the Indian town, and sent a couple of spies to reconnoi tre. They returned and reported that the town was deserted. WiHiam Eddins was one of these selected for this purpose. Gen. Pickens then ordered thirteen of his soldiers to go and burn the houses. They crossed a little river, which separated (311) 36 Department of Archives and History. the army under Pickens from the Indian town, and were marching carelessly on the summit of the hill, on which the town stood, when they received a shot fire from the Indians. 'It appeared,' said one of the company, 'as if the point of the hill was a blaze of fire.' Two young men, who were some distance ahead of the others, fell from their horses. The de tachment then retreated, and formed for the purpose of re sisting until assistance could come from the opposite side of the river. The horses of the two young men who feH, ran to the river, and there remained. There was a constant firing kept up between the Indians and the Whites. In the midst of this firing, Eddins saw the young men who were wounded rise up, and remain in a sitting posture. He knew from that that they were not so badly wounded as it was supposed, and immediately requested permission of Capt. MaxweU to at tempt their rescue from danger. The Captain pointed out to him the peril of the enterprise, but consented for him to go, if he saw proper to do so. Instantly he caught their horses, rode to where they were, and assisted them in mounting, which they were able to do. The three then made their escape to the little detachment, which was by this time reinforced by the greater part of Gen. Pickens' army. As they got on their horses, one of the young men received two balls through the back of his coat, but sustained no injury. The Indians were immediately routed, and the town laid in ashes. "WilHam Eddins continued with Gen. Pickens until the close of the war, and he was left pennyless, and so was his father. During the ravages of the Revolution he endured much of the suffering and hardships of the American Revolu tion. When the country was restored to peace, he commenced farming, and made a crop of tobacco, which the old man often tells, without a horse. He is yet living near Huntsville, Ala bama, upwards of seventy years of age, and has been a Baptist preacher, more than forty years. With the same zeal, sin cerity, and boldness, with which he served his country in his younger days has he served his God in his old age and riper manhood."— 5. F P. EDWARDS, JOHN, aged 82, and a resident of Perry county ; private N. C. Militia ; enroHed on September 26, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $75 ; sums received to date of pubHcation of list, $225. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. (312) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 37 ELLETT, JARVIS, aged 75, resided in Lawrence county, June 1, 1840, with Jon. Wilson. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. ELLIDGE, ABRAHAM, aged 74, and a resident of Law rence county; private S. C. Militia; enrolled on October 19, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832 ,payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $30; sums received to date of publication of list, $90. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Lawrence county, June 1, 1840, aged 80. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. ELLIOTT, JOHN, aged 79, and a resident of Morgan county ; private N. C. Militia ; enrolled on July 10, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. ELMORE, JOHN ARCHER. Elmore county was named in honor of Gen. Elmore. He was deservedly popular for his "candor, good sense and sociabiHty." He was buried in the old family burying ground at the old homestead, "Huntington," in Elmore county. The following inscription is upon his tombstone: IN Memory of GEN. JOHN ARCHER ELMORE, who was born in Prince Edward County, Va., August the 21st, 1762, and died in Autauga Cbunty, Ala., AprU 24th, 1834, aged 71 yrs. 8 mos. & 3 days. He was a soldier of the Revolution in the Virginia Line and afterwards a member of the Legislature of So. Ca., and a General in the militia. He was a member of the Legislature of Alabama and filled various other offices of Honor and Trust in both States. He was an affectionate husband, a kind and indulgent father, (313) 38 Department of Archives and History. a humane master, A devoted friend, and a patriotic citizen. "General John Archer Elmore was bom in Prince Edward county, Virginia, Aug. 21, 1762, and died in Autauga county, Alabama, AprH 24, 1834. He entered the Revolutionary ser vice, a mere lad, in Greene's command in the Virginia Hne; was with him in his tour through the Carolinas, and with him at the surrender at Yorktown. This is shown by the archives in Washington; O'Neal's Bench and Bar of South Carolina, vol. ii, pp. 85, 88, and Brewer's Alabama, p. 109. After the Revolution he settled in Laurens district. South Carolina, and resided there many years, during which time he was often a member of the legislature. He moved to Autauga county, Alabama, in 1819 and served one term in the house of repre sentatives from this county. His first wife was Miss Saxon, by whom he had two sons: Hon. Franklin H. Elmore, of South Carolina, who succeeded Mr. Calhoun in the United States senate, and Benjamin F. Elmore, treasurer of South Carolina. His second wife. Miss Ann Martin, was a member of the fam.ous Martin family of South Carolina, and descended also from the Marshall family of Virginia, and from Lieutenant Nathaniel Terry, of Vir ginia. By this second marriage there were five sons and sev eral daughters. One of the daughters married Gov. Benj. Fitzpatrick, another married Hon. Dixon H. Lewis of Lowndes; another married Dr. J. T. Hearne, of Lowndes, and she is still (1904) living in Montgomery. The sons were Hon. John A. Elmore, a distinguished lawyer in Montgomery; William A. Elmore, a lawyer in New Orleans since 1835, superintendent of the mint until the outbreak of the war, and who died in Philadelphia in 1891 ; Capt. Rush Elmore, who commanded a company in the Mexican war and was territo rial judge of Kansas ; Henry Elmore, who was probate judge of Macon county prior to the war, and who afterwards moved to Texas ; Albert Elmore, of Montgomery, secretary of State in 1865 and collector of customs in Mobile under President Johnson." — Mrs. P. H. Mell in Transactions, of the Alabama Historical Society, Vol. iv, pp. 541-2. ENGLAND, WILLIAM, a resident of Perry county and later of Dallas ; private, particular serivce not shown ; enroHed on March 16, 1835, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $30. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. (314) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 39 EVANS, OWEN, aged 78, and a resident of Morgan county; corporal S. C. Continental Line; enrolled on Septem ber 17, 1825, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818 ; pay ment to date from November 4, 1825 ; annual allowance, $96 ; sums received to date of publication of Hst, $138. — Revolu tionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess. ,1833-34. FABER, WILLIAM, private, particular service not shown ; enrolled on December 27, 1836 ; annual allowance, $100 ; no record of any payment having been made. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. FAIR, BARNABAS, aged 76, and a resident of Tuscaloosa ¦county; private N. C. Militia; enrolled on October 7, 1833, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $80. — Revolutionary Pen sion Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. FIELDS, BARTHOLOMEW, aged 79, resided in Dale -county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. FILES, ADAM J., aged 78, resided in Macon county, June 1, 1840. — Census Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. FILES, JEREMIAH, aged 70, and a resident of Blount •county; private S. C. Militia; enroHed on September 26, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $340. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Part 3, Vol. xiii. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833- 34. He resided in Blount county, June 1, 1840, aged 75.— Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. FITZGERALD, JOHN, age not given, a resident of Wash ington county; private 7th Regular U. S. Infantry; enroHed on September 27, 1818, payment to date from August 26, 1818 ; annual allowance, $96 ; sums received to date of publi cation of Hst, $1,058.63 ; Acts military establishment. Died. — Revolutionary Pen.non Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. FLEMING, SAMUEL, aged 75, and a resident of Autauga county ; private Georgia Militia ; enrolled on January 12, 1833, under Act of Congress June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $40 ; sums received to date (315) 40 Department of Archives and History. of publication of Hst, $120. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Part 3, Vol. xiii. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. FLEMING, SAMUEL, aged 85, resided in Montgomery county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. FLETCHER, WILLIAM, aged 76, and a resident of Jack son county ; captain N. C. Militia ; enroHed on January 2, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual aHowance, $420 ; sums received to date of publication of Hst, $1,260. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. FLUKER, GEORGE, aged 74, and a resident of Wilcox county; private S. C. Militia; enroHed on February 11, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80. — Revolutionary Pen sion Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. FOWLER, JOHN, sen., aged 99, resided in Pike county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. FRANKS, MARSHALL, a resident of Pickens county; private and sergeant, particular service not shown; enrolled on December 27, 1836, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual aHowance, $60 — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. FRENCH, BENJAMIN. "Died— Near RodgersviUe on the 21st inst., Mr. Benjamin French, aged 84 years, an old faithful Revolutionary soldier."- — Southern Advocate, Hunts- viHe, April 3, 1847. FROXIL, JACOB, aged 85, resided in DeKalb county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. FULLER, LITTLETON, aged 74, and a resident of Tus caloosa county ; private S. C. Militia ; enrolled on September 17, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual aHowance, $30. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. FULTON, TPIOMAS, aged 81, resided in Lawrence county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. (316) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 41 GALESPIE, DANIEL, aged 77, resided in Chambers county, June 1, 1840, with David Taylor. — Census of Pension^ ers, 1841, p. 149. GARISON, STEPHEN, aged 83, resided in Walker countv, June 1, 1840, with Silas Garison. — Census of Pension ers, 1841, p. 150. GARNER, JOHN, age not given, a resident of Butler county; service not given because of the loss of papers by the burning of the office of the War Department, 1801 and 1814; enroHed on July 5, 1812; payment to date from January 29, 1813; annual allowance, $48; sums received to date of publi cation of list, $1,060.78; Acts Military establishment; trans ferred from Georgia from March 4, 1824. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Wilcox county, June 1, 1840, with William H. Wait, aged 81. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. GARNER, JOS., Sen., aged 95, resided in Cherokee county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. GARNER, JOSEPH, aged 78, and a resident of St. Clair county; private Virginia Continental Line; enrolled on June 7, 18i9, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from June 26, 1818; annual aHowance, $96; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $1,506.39; transferred from Clark county, Georgia, from March 4, 1^2Q.— Revolu tionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. GARNER. STURDY, aged 72, and a resident of Madison county; private N. C. MHitia; enroHed on AprH 23, 1833, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual aHowance, $33.33; Sums received to date of pubHcation of list, $72.33. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Madison county, June 1, 1840, aged 72. — Cen sus of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. GARRARD, WILLIAM, aged 72, and a resident of Lau derdale county; private Virginia State Troops; enroHed on October 7, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, pay ment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $60.— Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. (317) 42 Department of Archives and History. GARRISON, STEPHEN, a resident of Lawrence county: private Regular N. C. Line; enroHed on AprH 26, 1830, under act of Congress of May 15, 1828, payment to date from March 3, 1826 ; annual aHowance, $80 ; sums received to date of publi cation of list, $680 ; P. W. 'Taylor, agent. — Revolutionary Pen sion Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. GASSAWAY, JAMES, a resident of Shelby county; pri vate, particular service not shown; enrolled on May 17, 1819, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818; annual allowance, $96 ; transferred from South Carolina. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. GASTON, HUGH, a resident of Wilcox county; private, particular service not shown ; enroHed on April 7, 1836, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $30. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. GEESLIN, CHARLES (Geesling in the Census Hst), aged 90, and a resident of Tuscaloosa county; private N. C. Conti nental Line ; enrolled on April 8, 1825, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from August 17, 1824; annual allowance, $96 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $916.93. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Tus caloosa county, June 1, 1840, aged 99. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. GILL, JAMES, aged 74, and a resident of Greene county; private S. C. Militia ; enrolled on September 16, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833 ; payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80 ; sums received to date of pub lication of list, $340.- — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. GILLESPIE,' JAMES, private, particular service not shown ; date of enrollment not given, payment dates from September 4, 1833 ; annual allowance, $80. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, MobHe. He resided in Pickens county, with John O. Gillespie, aged 78 years, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. GILMORE, GEORGE, a resident of Montgomery county; private, particular service not shown; enrolled on March 22, 1837, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date (318) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 43 from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $20. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. GILMORE, JOHN, a resident of Marengo county; pri vate, particular service not shown; enrolled on April 26, 1836, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $21.66. — Pension Boor, State Branch Bank, Mobile. He resided in Marengo county, June 1, 1840, aged 81. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. GILPIN, BENJAMIN, a resident of Henry county; pri vate in cavalry and infantry, particular service not shown ; en roHed on March 30, 1838, under act of (ingress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, %^&.%7.— Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. GLAZE, THOMAS, aged 89, resided in Fayette county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. GLOVER, BENJAMIN, aged 81, and a resident of Madi son county; private Maryland MHitia; enrolled on January 24, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $46.66; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $139.98. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st Sess., 1833-34. GOGGANS, ALEXANDER. Alexander Goggans, a sol dier of the Revolution, was born in Richmond county, Va., January 14, 1758. In early Hfe, his parents emigrated to New berry District, South Carolina. Young Goggans was an active soldier in the Revolutionary service. He was in Col. Wil liams' command at the battle of King's Mountain, where he was wounded in the left shoulder. Sometime afterwards whHe with a scouting party he was wounded in the left leg. And again, in another skirmish, he was struck down by a severe sabre stroke on the head and left for dead upon the field. After his recovery from this third wound, he rejoined his comrades and continued an active partisan to the end of the war. After peace was made, Mr. Goggans married Mary Da- shields, who died in 1800. About 1815, he married Elizabeth Kilpatrick. ^ After m.any years' residence in South Carolina, Mr. Goggans emigrated to Lincoln county, Tennessee. Thence in 1819 he emigrated to Lawrence county, Alabama, where he resided untH the death of his wife in 1836. He then moved to Carroll county, Georgia, where he died March 21, 1852, in the triumphs of a living Faith. He was buried the next day (319) 44 Department of Archives and History. with mihtary honors in the graveyard at Bethany church. — Condensed from a sketch in Jacksonville Republican, Jackson ville, Ala., June 8, 1852. GOODE, THOMAS, aged 74, and a resident of Jefferson county; private Virginia Continental Line; enroHed on Sep tember 33, 1819, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from AprH 15, 1818; annual allowance, $96; sums received to date of publication of list, $896.70 ; trans ferred from Christian county, Kentucky, from March 33, 1826. ¦ — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess"., 1833-34. GOODWIN, THEOPHILUS, aged 74, and a resident of Butler county; private N. C. Continental Line; enroHed on September 18, 1818, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818; payment to date from June 5, 1818; annual allowance, $96; sums received to date of publication of list, $1,511.46 ; trans ferred from Edgefield district, S. C, from September 4, 1828. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. Also resided in Bibb county. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. GRAGG, HENRY, a resident of Shelby county; private, particular service not shown; enrolled on April 26, 1836, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual aHowance, $30. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. He resided in Shelby county, June 1, 1840, aged 79. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. GRAHAM, ANDREW, aged 78, and a resident of Frank lin county ; private S. C .Militia ; enrolled on January 30. 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $33.66 ; sums received to date of pubHcation of list, $84.15. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess"., 1833-34. GRANT, JEREMIAH, age not given, a resident of Tusca loosa county: private 6th Regular U. S. Infantry; enroHed on July 12, 1822, payment to date from AprH 12, 1820 ; annual allowance. $96 ; Acts Military establishment. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. GREER, MOSES, aged 75, and a resident of Autauga county; private Georgia Militia; enroHed on August 12, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from (320) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 45 March 4. 1831; annual allowance, $28; sums received to date of publication of list, $84. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Part 3, Vol. xiii. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. GREESHAM (sic), ROBERT, age not given, a resident of Limestone county ; private Dark's Regiment ; enrolled on December 6 ,1824; payment to dale from February 18, 1824; annual allowance, $48 ; sums received to date of publication of Hst, $433.95; February 4, 1822. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. GREGG. SAMUEL, aged 77, and a resident of Lawrence county; private Virginia Militia; enrolled on April 23, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance. $33.33 ; sums received to date of pubHcation of list, $99.99. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess"., 1833-34. GREWER, JOHN, aged 42, resided in Cherokee county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. GRIFFIN, JOHN, aged 97, resided in Pike county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. GLTESS, BENJAMIN, aged 77, and a resident of Fayette county; private N. C. Militia; enroHed on June 16, 1833, un der act of Congress of Tune 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $66.66. — Revolutionary Pen sion Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Fayette county, June 1, 1840, with Jesse Howard, aged 83. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. GURLEY, JEREMIAH, aged 75, and a resident of Madi son county; private N. C. State Troops; enrolled on October 7, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $57.08; sums received to date of publication of list, $171.24. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Madison county, June 1, 1840, with John Gurley, aged 81. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. HAGGARD, HENRY, aged 94, resided in Bibb county, Tune 1, 1840, with James Fancher. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. HAGUE, JOHN. From the South Western Christian Advocate, published at Nashville, July 24, 1841. (321) 46 Department of Archives and History. " 'An Old Soldier Fallen. — Mr. John Hague, aged, (we understand) ninety-three years, died in Nashville, on the 13th inst. Mr. Hague was a native of Germany. He came to America in company with Lafayette, and fought in the Revo lutionary War in aid of our country's independence. He was one of Lafayette's light guard. When this distinguished chief tain visited America, and passed through Nashville in 1834, Mr. Hague, who then resided in HuntsviHe, Alabama, came on foot, more than a hundred miles, to meet once more his old General. We are told by those who were present at their meeting, that it was a moment of thrilling interest. Mr. Hague threw himself suddenly and unexpectedly before Lafayette; the General immediately recognized him, and with a familiar tone exclaimed ,'Why, John, is this you !' and in a moment they were closely embraced in each other's arms. " 'Mr. Hague was for more than fifty years a devoted Christian, and faithful member of the Methodist Episcopal church. " 'Pie died triumphantly. His funeral was attended by an immense concourse. He was buried with military honors.' " — Independent Monitor, Tuscumbia, Aug. 11, 1841. The foHowing further reference to this old soldier is noted, evidently taken from some Nashville paper: "During the visit, short as it was, of Gen. Lafayette to this place [Nashville], many incidents occurred, calculated to touch the feelings and awaken the sensibility of all who witnessed them. From among the number which have been described to us, we select the following : "An old 'revolutionaire' named Hagy, a German by birth, who came to America in the same vessel with Gen. Lafayette, in 1777, and served with him during the greater part of the war, had travelled hither on foot from Huntsville to greet the 'Nation's Guest.' Their meeting under our civic arch was most cordial. Hagy repeatedly embraced and kissed his old com mander." — Southern Advocate, Huntsville, Ala., May 37, 1835. HALL, WILLIAM, aged 84. and a resident of St. Clair county; private S. C. Militia; enrolled on July 20, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance. $36.34; sums received to date of publication of list, $90.85. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st se"ss., 1833-34. HAMILTON, THOMAS. "Thomas Hamilton, one of the five children of David Hamilton and Margaret (jarlisle, was. (322) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 47 born in Belfast, Ireland, April 9, 1758. Their family emi grated to America about 1762, landing in Virginia after a vovage of nearly three months. Upon their arrival, David Hamilton settled in Culpepper county, where he lived with one of his sons. Thomas Hamilton was married on the 28th of May, 1782, to Temperance Arnold, daughter of Benjamin Arnold and Ann Hendrick of South Carolina. During the Revolution, Benjamin Arnold, an old man, left South Carolina on account of the troubles resulting from the war, and carried his family for greater safety to Culpepper county, Va., where they became acquainted with Thomas HamHton. After their marriage in 1782, they returned to the old home of Benjamin Arnold in South Carolina, where they settled upon a place between Andy creek on the east and Horse creek on the west in GreenvHle district. Here they lived untH 1821, when they moved to Butler county, Ala., near GreenviHe, and remained there until 1826, when they moved to Lowndes county, ten miles south of Benton, where they both died. They are buried in Watkins cemetery, near CoHirene. Lowndes county. Thomas died in August, 1844, aged 86, and his wife Tuly 22, 1849, aged 87. The spot is marked by a marble obelisk, erected to the memor)' of the family. The following inscription, with no dates, is among others : 'Thomas and Temperance Hamil ton rest here.' Thomas Hamilton was with Sumter but not in the regular army. He was at the battles of the Cowpens, Eu taw Springs and King's Mountain. He was in the brigade commanded by Colonel Campbell at the latter place. After his death in 1844, over sixty years after the Revolutionary war, few of the participants of that mighty struggle were left on earth. The citizens of Lowndes county asked permission to bury him with mHitary honors." At the age of 81 he resided in Lowndes county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149.— Mrs. P. H Mell in the Tranactions of the Alabama Historical Society, Vol. iv, p. 542. HAMMAN, PHIL. On Saturday, July 3, 1830, the fifty- fifth anniversary of American independence was celebrated at Bellefonte, Jackson county, Alabama, at which among other participants were several Revolutionary patriots. After the reading of the Declaration of Independence by Henry F. Scruggs and the delivery of an oration by Hon. Samuel Moore, the company sat down to a plentiful dinner. After this many patriotic toasts were drunk. Only one, and that because of the historic fact it evoked, is here reproduced : (323) 48 Department of Archives and History. "By L. James, Esq. 'Capt. Phil Hamman : The Saviour of Greenbrier — tho' his history is but little known, his intrepidity and patriotism are not less worthy of our commendation.' "After the drinking of this toast, the old soldier rose and said : He thanked the gentlemen for introducing his name on an occasion where he had already been too much honored. Tho' his history was not much known, he could not object to have the transactions of his life divulged to the world. For nine years he had been in the wars of his country — during a greater part of which he had been engaged in the most dan gerous parts of Indian service. He had suffered much; on one occasion he had been stripped by savage rapacity of every vestige of property he possessed, even the clothing of himself and family — one of his children fell a victim to their cruelty. But not to dwell on the dangers he had endured, he would merely speak of the occasion so kindly alluded to in the toast. When stationed at Fort Randolph, at the mouth of the Big Kanawha, nine hundred Indians set off in a body to make an unexpected attack on the inhabitants of Greenbrier, Virginia. Two men were despatched to apprize the people in that quarter of their approaching danger. In three days they returned, wounded, and in despair; others were sought for who would carry the express; none were found willing to engage in so dangerous and hopeless an undertaking — when he and one John Pryor (who was afterwards killed by the Indians) painted and dressed in Indian garb, set off, and in forty-eight hours travelled one hundred and sixty miles through the wil derness : they overtook the Indians within twelve miles of the white settlements, passed through their camps, and gave timely warning to the people of their impending danger. — Such prep arations were made for security and defense as the occasion permitted. About daylight a violent attack was made on Fort Donley ; the conflict was desperate — the door of the Fort was broken open — he Stood in it, and resisted the enemy — 'till it could be shut and fastened. The foe were repelled with great loss, and the country saved from savage barbarity. He said that although he was old and poor, and had not received the compensation promised him by his country, yet he thanked God he was in peace and safety, and could live 'without the aid of public or private charity.' He then offered the foHow ing sentiment : " 'Our Rulers : May they be just men, fearing God, and hating covetousness.' " — Southern Advocate, HuntsviHe, July 10, 1830. (324) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 49 HAMMOND, SA:\IUEL, aged 88, resided in Sumter county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. HANCOCK, ROBERT. "Died— At his residence, ten miles northwest from Huntsville. on the 15th inst.. The Rev. ROBERT HANCOCK, in the 77th year of his age. He was a native of Nottoway county, Virginia. In the year 1790, he emigrated to South CaroHna, and from thence in 1811, to his late residence in this county. Mr. Hancock was amiable in his disposition, industrious in his habits, and thereby rendered his family both easy, and happy in their circumstances. He was a true patriot, and during the great revolutionary struggle felt much interest for the safet}- and welfare of his country, and though disabled by an unavoidable accident to render actual .service, he did everything in the compass of his power to pro mote the cause of liberty. But above all, he was a true friend to religion, and a sincere lover of his God ; for 52 years he has been an acceptable member of the ^^lethodist Episcopal church, and for about 30 years a local minister of said church. His talents were respectable, his piety deep, his zeal ardent, his conduct irreproachable, his usefulness extensive; in short, he was a light in a benighted land, and like unto a city set on a hill which cannot be hid, — and now, though he is dead, he wiH be remem.bered as one of the church's brightest ornaments for more than a half a century. His memory will ever be cher ished with the fondest recollections by his surviving children, friends, and numerous acquaintances. But he has gone to the house appointed for al! the living, yet our loss is his infinite gain ; he is not dead, but is only sleeping in Jesus. Such will God bring with Him, therefore we sorrow not as those who have no hope. His last illness was long, and his afflictions se vere, yet he evinced the patience and fortitude of a christian soldier; and notwithstanding his body was worn down by old age and infirmity, his mind in a great degree retained vigor until the last ; and with the prospect of eternal life full in view, he calmly sank in the arms of his blessed Jesus. '!Mark the perfect man, and behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace.' 'Let me die the death of the righteous, and let my last end be like his.' " — Communicated. — The Democrat, Huntsville, Ala., April 21, 1831. HARDIN, JOSEPH, aged 74, and a resident of Tuscaloosa county; private N. C. MiHtia; enroHed on October 39, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $26.66 ; sums received to (325) 4 RS 60 Department of Archives and History. date of publication of list, $79.98. — Rveolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. HARGRAVE, WILLIAM, aged 76, and a resident of Ma rengo county; ensign N. C. Continental Line; enroHed on January 25, 1818, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from June 15, 1818 ; annual allowance, $340 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $501.32. — Revolu tionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. HARPER, THOMAS, aged 76 and a resident of Pickens county ; private Pennsylvania Continental Line ; enrolled on July 30, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $20. — Revo lutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess.", 1833-34. HARRIS, HENRY, aged 76, and a resident of Madison county; private Virginia Continental Line; enroHed on March 17, 1819, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from May 33, 1818 ; annual allowance, $96 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $1,467.64; transferred from Frederick county, Virginia, from September 4, 1823. — Revolu tionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. 'The following interesting sketch wHl give further personal details : [From, the Star-Span gled Banner of Oct. 24:th.] "another revolutionary worthy gone! "Departed this life on the evening of the 22d instant, at the residence of his son in this place, Mr. Henry Harris, in the 75th year of his age. Mr. Harris was a native of Richmond county, Va., and at a very early period of the Revolution en listed at Fredericksburg (Va.) in Col. Baylor's Regiment of Dragoons. From the time of his enlistment until the close of the war, he was actively engaged in the service of his country. In most of the important battles that were fought, he bore his share. He was present at the surrender of Burgoyne — at the battles of the Brandywine, the Cowpens, Camden, GHford and Yorktown. From the time of his retirement from the army until his death, he had lived in the Western and Southwestern States ; and throughout a long life sustained the reputation ac quired in early youth. It was his glory to think that he had aided in freeing his country from oppression, and it was his fondest boast that he had served under the eye of his great (326) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 51 commander Washington. When stretched upon the bed of weakness and old age he viewed his approaching end with the calmness and fortitude which characterized him when strug- gHng in the deadly combat with the enemies of his country. For some time previous to his death, his mind seemed to dwell upon the incidents of his early life — and it was truly affecting to listen to the old man, and hear him accounting the battles of his youth, "Shoulder the crutch and show how fields were won. "It was his dying request that he should be buried with mHi tary honors; and accordingly when it was announced that he had ceased to live, the 'Huntsville Guards' proceeded to make arrangements for his interment. On yesterday at half past 10, the Guards reached his late residence, and as the pro cession moved from the house, the Artillery Company under the direction of their public spirited commander Capt. Lynes commenced firing minute guns. Thirteen rounds were fired by the time the procession reached the graveyard: here the usual military obsequies were performed by the Guards. "Here we might pause; for surely it is enough to secure the regret of every American, by simply announcing that the deceased was a soldier of the Revolution; but justice to his memory requires of us to say, that as a man, he Hved respected and died lamented by all who knew him." — Southern Advo cate, Huntsville, Oct.' 29, 1833. HARRIS, RICHARD, aged 75, and a resident of Madison county; private Massachusetts Militia; enroHed on Sepetmber 26, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $300. — Revolutionary Pen sion Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Madison county, June 1, 1840. — Cen sus of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. "another revolutionary soldier gone. "Died, in Madison county, Ala., January 33d, 1853, Capt. Richard Harris. The deceased was born in Powhatan county, Va., on the 20th November, 1758. When but a youth, at the age of 17, he entered the army, and with that veteran band of soldiers, fighting for liberty and truth, devoted himself to his country's interests till the close of the war. Hte was an eye witness of the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Little York. After having shared with his countrymen the hardships of war, he returned to his home and friends to enjoy that glorious boon, liberty, ior which he had so earnestly contended. (827) 52 Department of Archives and History. "Soon after the war, he devoted himself to the service of God and the good of his fellow men. He professed religion in Powhatan county, Va., and soon after united himself with the M. E. church, where he remained, for more than half a century, a consistent, useful, and much loved member. — Hos pitable, kind, generous, you had only to look upon his noble face to behold all those commanding and ennobHng virtues which adorn human nature. He removed from Virginia to Madison county, Ala., in 1809, and resided near Blue Spring till the day of his death. We do not say he was without fault, but we do say that few men have lived as long as he did with as few censurers and with as few enemies. He closed his earthly warfare as he closed the revolutionary war, in tri umph and glory. He has left many friends to mourn his loss." — The Southern Advocate, HuntsviHe, Feb. 9, 1853. HART, HENRY, aged 71, and a resident of Greene county ; private S. C. Militia ; enrolled on September 26, 1833', under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $240. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Greene county, June 1, 1840, aged 76. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. HARVEY, JOHN, aged 75, and a resident of Lawrence county ; private N. C. State Troops ; enrolled on March 1, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4. 1831 ; annual allowance, $26.66. — Revolutiona/ry Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Lawrence county, June 1, 1840, aged 82. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. "Died, in Lawrence county on the 23rd inst.. Rev. John Harvey, an old Revolutionary veteran, in the 86th year of his age. These old soldiers are dropping into the grave rapidly, and there will soon be none of them left for Mr. Polk to vote against receiving pensions." — Southern Advocate, Huntsville, Nov. 1, 1844. Dr. Anson West in his History of Methodism in Alabama, p. 219, has the following brief tribute: "John Harvey, who afterward attained to elder's orders, and who continued a member of the Quarterly Conference of the Franklin Circuit until 1831, and who was a native of Vir ginian, and a Revolutionary soldier, and who was naturally endowed with the gifts of oratory, and was talented and pious, (328) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 53 had his membership at Kitty Casky at the time of the Quar terly Conference above mentioned, and he died at that place afterward." HAUGHTON, ABRM., aged 81, resided in Lawrence county, June 1, 1840, with William Boyce. — Census of Pen sioners, 1841, p. 148. HEARNE, WILLIAM. In the Memorial Record of Ala bama, vol. ii, p. 426, mention is made of WHliam Hearne from North CaroHna, a Revolutionary soldier, and it states that he died in Lowndes county, Ala. The grave is in a pri vate burying ground which is now on the plantation belonging to I. D. Hauser of Opelika. It is on that part of the planta tion that he bought of the Mickle estate, and very near Ma- nack station. It is surrounded by a brick wall and apparently contains three or four graves. WilHam Hearne was a great-grandson of WHliam Hearne of Maryland (1630), a wealthy merchant and planter. Thomas Hearne, a son of this colonist, married SaHy Win gate; he had twelve children, one of them, Nehemiah, married Betty and Hved in Somerset county, Md. A son of Nehemiah, William Hearne, was born in Somerset county, Md., in 1746 ; he married his cousin, Tabitha Hearne, and moved to North Carolina, when it was a new country. At the commencement of the Revolutionary war he enlisted and served during the seven years and only missed being at Gen eral Gates' defeat at Camden by being left behind with small pox. He came to Alabama in 1819 ; he died September 21, 1832, in Lowndes county, Ala. These facts are obtained from the Hearne History, p. 383. He left many descendants, among them may be mentioned the late Dr. Joseph T. Hearne, physician and planter of St. Clair, Lowndes county. — Mrs. P. H. Mell in Transactions of the Alabama Historical Society, vol. iv, p. 543. HENDRICKS, HILLARY, aged 80, and a resident of Lawrence county; private N. C. Militia; enrolled on October 29, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allownace, $62.50 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $125. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. HENRY, JAMES, aged 74, and a resident of Tuscaloosa county; private Virginia MiHtia; enrolled on April 23, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from (329) 64 Department of Archives and History. March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $36.44; sums received to date of publication of list, $109.32. — Revolutionary Pension Roil, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. HERVEY, JOHN, aged 74, and a resident of Clarke county; private N. C. Militia; enroHed on October 7, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $35; sums received to date of publication of list, $105. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. HICKS, JOHN, a resident of St. Clair county; private, par ticular service not shown; enroHed on April 15, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832; annual allowance, $26.66; transferred from Georgia. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. HICKS, WILLIAM, aged 77, and a resident of Greene county; private Virginia Continental Line; enrolled on Jan uary 15, 1830, under act oi Congress of March 18 ,1818, pay ment to date from January 4, 1830; annual allowance, $96; sums received to date of publication of list, $16 ; dropped under act May 1, 1820. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in 'Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. HIDECKER, JOHN A., aged 86, and a resident of Au tauga county; private S. C. MHitia; enrolled on January 17, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $40. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Part 3, Vol. xiii. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Pike county, June 1, 1840, with Sarah Reeks, aged 93. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 49. HIGHTOWER, JOHN. "Mr. John Hightower recently died in Marengo county, Alabama, at the age of 126 years. He received a wound in the battle of Braddock's defeat 99 years ago, and was a soldier in the Revolution. His age can be established by an authentic family record." — Southern Ad vocate, Huntsville, Ala., Nov. 29, 1844. HILDRETH, REUBEN.— "Died— At his residence in this county, on Saturday llth inst., Mr. Reuben Hildreth, in the 96th year of his age. "Mr. Hildreth was a Revolutionary veteran and served his country well in war and peace. He reared a large family, and lived to see his children all happily settled in life." — Ma- (330) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 65 rengo Ledger, reprinted in Alabama Beacon, Greensboro, Ala., Oct. 35, 1845. HILL, JOEL, aged 72, and a resident of Limestone county ; private N. C. MHitia; enroHed on February 21, 1833, under act of (Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $36.66 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $79.98. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv.. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. HILLHOUSE, WILLIAM, aged 75, and a resident of Marengo county ; private, sergeant and lieutenant S. C. Mili tia; enrolled on March 3, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $300; sums received to date of publication of list, $600. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Greene county, June 1, 1840, aged 81. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. HILLSMAN, JOSE. At her residence in this county, on the 4th inst., Mrs. Elizabeth Hillsman, widow of the late Jose Hillsman, formerly of Amelia county, Va., in her 84th year. Her husband was a soldier of the Revolution, and she was the last revolutionary pensioner of the General Govern ment in this county. She was baptized in the Episcopal church in Virginia, about the year 1800, and died professing repent ance towards God and faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. — The Southern Advocate, Huntsville, Ala., Sept. 24, 1857. HOFSTALAR, GEORGE, aged 71, and a resident of Blount county; private N. C. C^bntinental Line; enrolled on November 33, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $77.50 ; sums received to date of publication of Hst, $232.50. — Revolutionary Pensoin Roll, in Part 3, Vol. xiii, Sen. Doc. 614, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. SpeHed also Htiffstul- lar, and was a resident of Blount county, June 1, 1840, aged 76. — Census of Pensioners, 1840, p. 148. HOGAN, CORDELL, a resident of Mobile county; pri vate, particular service not shown ; enrolled on March 4, 1831, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $30. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. HOLLADAY, DANIEL, a resident of Marion county ; ser geant, particular service not shown; enrolled on December 28, 1835, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date (331) 56 Department of Archives and History. from March 4, 1831 ; annual aHowance, $120.^ — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. HOLLAND, CHARLES, aged 76, and a resident of Tus caloosa county ; private S. C. Militia ; enroHed on July 2, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $340. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. HOLLAND, JACOB, came from South CaroHna, and is buried at Hebron churchyard, in Greene county. The foHow ing inscription is upon his tombstone: Sacred to the memory of JACOB & SARAH HOLLAND Jacob departed this life Oct. 1st, 1852, Aged 91 years. Sarah May 13th, 1851, Aged 87 years. — Mrs. P. H. Mell in Transactions of the Alabama Historical Society, vol. iv, p. 544. HOLLAND, JOHN, aged 68, and a resident of Sumter county; private S. C .State Troops; enrolled on April 17, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80. — Revolutionary Pen sion RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. HOLLAND, THOMAS, aged 71, and a resident of Lime stone county; private S. C. Militia; enroHed on June 13, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $76.66. ; sums received to date of publication of list, $229.98. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Limestone county, June 1, 1840, aged 78. — Cen^ sus of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. HOLLINGSHEAD, BENJAMIN, aged 72, and a resident of Bibb county; private N. C. State Troops; enrolled on March 5, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, pay ment to date from Marh 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $40 ; sums received to date of publication of Hst, $100. — Revolutionary (332) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 67 Pension RoU, Part 3, Vol xiii. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. HOLT, CHARLES, aged 72, and a resident of Blount county; private S. C Militia; enroHed on October 29, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $28.33 ; sums received to date of pubHcation of list, $84.99. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Part 3, Vol. xui. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34, He resided in Blount county, June 1, 1840, aged 78. - — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. HONEY, TOBIAS, aged 78, resided in Calhoun (then Benton) county, June 1, 1840, with Abel Brooks. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. HOOKS, CHARLES. "Charles Hooks is buried in Mont gomery county, about twenty miles from the city of Montgom ery, in a family burial ground on his plantation. It is now known as the 'Old Moulton Place.' His services in the Rev olution in North Carolina are mentioned in Wheeler's His tory of North Carolina, and Mrs. Ellet's Women of the Rev olution. There is an interesting chapter in the latter book, called 'Mary Slocumb,' which gives a delightful account of the beautiful home and patriotic deeds of Mary Hooks Slo cumb, elder sister of Charles Hooks. Her husband was Lieu tenant Ezekiel Slocumb, who raised a troop of light horse to watch the enemy and punish the Tories. In April, 1781, iust after the battle of Guilford Court House, the British colonel, Tarleton, made his headquarters at the Slocumb home in Wayne county. Charles Hooks, a lad of thirteen at the time, was away with his brother-in-law, Lieut. Slocumb, in hot pur suit of some Tory marauders. They narrowly escaped being captured upon their return, as they were ignorant of the fact that a thousand men were in possession of their home, but the warning of a faithful slave enabled them to retreat with safety. "Charles Hooks was born in Bertie county. North Carolina, February 20th, 1768. and died in Montgomery county, Ala bama, on the 18th of October, 1843. After the Revolution he married Mary Ann Hunter; she was the daughter of Isaac Hunter and Priscilla , and granddaughter of Isaac Hunter of Chowan, N. C, who died in 1753, and whose wiH is on file among the records at Edenton, N. C. Charles Hooks became a man of distinction. He went to the legislature from DupHn county in 1803-03-04 and again in 1810-11. He served seven years as a member of Congress (333) 58 Department of Archives and History. in 1816-17 and again from 1819 to 1835. He moved to Ala bama in 1826. The descent of Charles Hooks is as foHows: (1) William Hooks, of Chowan county. North Carolina, who died in 1751 at an advanced age. Issue: WilHam and John. (2) John Hooks died in 1732; his wife was Ruth ; several chHdren, among others, (3) Thomas Hooks, who married (1) Anna , and had chHdren, Mary, Charles and one other; married (2) Mrs. John Charles Slocumb. Many descendants of Charles Hooks are living in Alabama." — Mrs. P. H. Mell in the Transactions of the Alabama His torical Society, Vol. iv, pp. 545-6. HOOPER, OBADIAH, a resident of Pickens county; pri vate, particular service not shown ; enrolled on April 14, 1836, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $42. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. HUBBARD, THOMAS, aged 79, and a resident of Mor gan county; lieutenant, quartermaster and sergeant Virginia State Troops ; enroHed on March 23, 1833, under act of Con gress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $296.66 ; sums received to date of pubHca tion of list, $889.98. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Morgan county, June 1, 1840, aged 87. — Census of Pension ers, 1841, p. 148. HUFF, JAMES, aged 74, and a resident of Perry county; private Virginia Continental Line and Militia ; enrolled on Oc tober 29, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, pay ment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $30. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. HUGHES, JOSEPH, aged 73, and a resident of Greene county ; captain S. C. MiHtia ; enrolled on July 3, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832 ; payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $480 ; sums received to date of pub lication of list, $1,440. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. Mrs. P. H. Mell in the Transactions of the Alabama His torical Society, Vol. iv, pp. 546, 548, presents an interesting account of Captain Hughes : (334) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 69 "Col. Joseph Hughes came from Union district. South Car olina, to Greene county, Alabama, in 1835. He was buried at Hebron cemetery in that county. The inscription upon his tomb is as follows : In memory of COL. JOSEPH HUGHES, who departed this life September 4th, 1834. Aged 85 years. "He was twice married ; the name of his first wife has not been ascertained. She left seven children; their names were William Wright, Josph, Mary, Martha, Sarah and Jane. Col. Joseph Hughes married for a second wife, Annie Brown of South Orolina; they had three children, Stewart, James and Annie. She was an aunt of Governor Albert G. Brown, of Mississippi. Her brother, John Brown, was kHled at the battle of Cowpens. All of the children of Col. Hughes came to Alabama except William, who married and settled in South Carolina, and Wright, who was captain of a steamboat on Broad river in South C^arolina. Mary married Kennedy ; Martha, Morris ; Sarah, Maberry ; Jane, Bm- ner; Annie, White. "Col. Hughes was a consistent member of the Presbyterian church. He is well remembered by Mrs. Jay, of Benevola, Ala., who is now (1904) in her ninetieth year. She has often heard him speak of his experiences in the Revolutionary war and she has seen and handled his sword and pistol which were sacredly preserved because of their Revolutionary associa tions. "Some of the brave exploits of Lieut. Joseph Hughes are described in Saye's Memoir of McJunkin; an interesting bio- fraphical sketch of him may be found in a pamphlet entitled 'he Life of Col. James D. Williams (1898), by Rev. J. D. Bailey; and several notices of Capt. Joseph Hughes occur in Draper's King's Mountain and its Heroes, irom which the foHowing brief account of his Hfe is taken, pp. 133, 139, 131- 33, 277. " 'He was born in what is now Chester county. South Caro lina, in 1761, his parents having retired there temporarily from the present region of Union county, on account of In dian troubles. He served in 1776 on Williamson's Cherokee expedition and subsequently in Georgia. Governor Rutledge, early in 1780, commissioned him as a lieutenant and he fought under Sumter at Rocky Mount and Hanging Rock; and then (335) 60 Department of Archives and History. shared in the heroic action of Musgrove's MHl. His dare devil character and adventurous services in the up-country region of South Carolina during the summer and autumn of 1780 have already been related. " 'Then we find him taking part in the memorable engage ments at King's Mountain, Hammond's Store and Cowpens. Though yet a lieutenant, he commanded his company in this latter action. He was not only a man of great personal strength, but of remarkable fleetness on foot. As his men with others broke at the Cowpens and fled before Tarleton's cavalry; and though receiving a sabre cut across his right hand, yet with his drawn sword, he would out-run his men, and passing them, face about and command them to stand, striking right and left to enforce obedience to orders; often repeating with a loud voice : 'You d — d cowards, halt and fight, — there is more danger in running than in fighting, and if you don't stop and fight you will all be kHled. " 'But most of them were for a while too demoralized to realize the situation or to obey their officers. As they would scamper off, Hughes would renewedly pursue and once more gaining their front would repeat his tactics to bring them to their duty. At length the company was induced to make a stand on the brow of a slope, some distance from the battle line behind a clump of young pines that partially concealed and protected them from Tarleton's cavalry. (Others now joined them for self-protection. Their guns were loaded quickly and they were themselves again. Morgan galloped up and spoke words of encouragement to them. The next moment the British cavalry were at them; but the Whigs re served their fire till the enemy were so near that it was terribly effective, emptying many a British saddle, when the surviv ors recoiled. Now Colonel Washington gave them a charge — the battle was restored when Howard with his Marylanders with the bayonet. Swept the field. Tarleton acknowledges that 'an unexpected fire from the Americans, who came about as they were retreating, stopped the British and threw them into confusion' when a panic ensued and then a general fight. It was a high and worthy compliment from his old commander. Colonel Brandon, who declared that at the Cowpens 'Hughes saved the fate of the day.' " 'As a deserved recognition of these meritorious services he was promoted to a captaincy early in 1781, when he was scarcely twenty years of age and led his company with char acteristic valor at the battle of Eutaw Springs. The Tories (336) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 61 had killed his father during the war and many a dear friend, and his animosity against the whole race was alike bitter and unrelenting. In 1825 he removed to Alabama, first to Greene county and then to Pickens, where he died in September, 1834, in his seventy-fourth year. For more than twenty of the clos ing years of his life he was an elder in the Presbyterian church and the rough and almost tigerlike partisan became as humble and submissive as a lamb. He rose to the rank of colonel in the militia. He was tall and commanding in his appearance, jovial and affable in conversation ; yet his early military train ing rendered him to the last stem and rigid in discipline. In all that makes up the man he was a noble specimen of the Revolutionary hero.' " HUGHES, WILLIAM, aged 82, and a resident of Shelby county; private N. C. MiHtia; enroHed on May 24, 1833, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80. — Revolutionary Pen sion Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. HUSBANDS, WILLIAM, aged 75, and a resident of Greene county; private N. C. Militia; enroHed July 2, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $240. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. IVEY, ELIJAH, aged 75, and a resident of Lowndes county; private S. C. Militia; enrolled on November 4, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7 ,1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $200. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. JACKSON, JOHN, aged 83, and a resident of Jackson county ; private S. C. (Continental Line ; enrolled on November 19, 1819, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from September 21, 1818; annual allowance, $96; sums received to date of publication of list, $1,243.47; trans ferred from Lincoln county, Tennessee, from March 4, 1816. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. JAGGERS, JEREMIAH, aged 86, and a resident of Mad ison county; private S. C. Continental Line; enrolled on Feb ruary 14, 1834, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, (337) 62 Department of Archives and History. payment to date from January 28, 1824; annual allowance, $96; sums received to date of pubHcation of Hst, $730.90. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. JEEMS, VACHEL, aged 75, and a resident of Lauderdale county; private and sergeant Maryland State Troops; en rolled on May 22, 1824, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $90.27. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. JENKINS, JOHN, aged 81, and a resident of Limestone county; private and sergeant S. C. Continental Militia; en rolled on June 14, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $65; sums received to date of publication of list, $195. — Rev olutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. JENKINS, WILLIAM, aged 73, and a resident of Jackson county; sergeant, Heuteuant and captain S. C. State 'Troops; enrolled on June 6, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $170. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. JENNINGS, WILLIAM, a resident of Shelby county; pri vate, particular service not shown; enrolled on August 14, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832; annual allow ance, $36.66; transferred from Tennessee. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. JOHNSON, JOHN, a resident of Pickens county; private, particular service not shown; enrolled on August 1, 1836, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $30.66. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. JOHNSON, RICHARD, aged 74, and a resident of Green county; private Virginia Militia; enroHed on September 18, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $20. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Greene county, June 1, 1840, aged 79. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. JOHNSON, RICHARD, age not given, and a resident of Madison county; Cbrporal Lee's Legion; enrolled on May 25, (338) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 63 1829, under act of Congress of May 15, 1828, payment to date from March 3, 1826 ; annual allowance, $120 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $1,020. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st seSs., 1833-34. He resided in Madisorj county, June 1, 1840, aged 82. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. JOHNSON, WILLIAM. "On the 23rd inst., at the resi dence of his son, Lewis Johnson, in this county, William Johnson, a soldier of the Revolution, in the 87th year of his age. He was a native of Edgefield district. South Carolina, and had resided in this state for a number of years." — The Dallas Gazette, Cahaba, AprH 28, 1854. JOHNSTON, THOMAS, aged 75, and a resident of St. Clair county; private Virginia Continental Line; enrolled on July 20, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $40 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $72.79. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc .514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. JONES, FREEMAN, aged 71, and a resident of Pickens county; private Virginia CJontinental Line; enrolled on Au gust 12, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, pay ment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $60 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $180. — Revolu tionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. JONES, JOHN, aged 75, and a resident of Morgan county; private N. C. Continental Line and MiHtia; enrolled on November 4, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $61.44; sums received to date of pubHcation of list, $153.60. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. 'Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. JONES, JOHN, age not given, a resident of Jackson county; private Alabama Militia; enrolled under acts military establishment, on May 21, 1821, payment to date from April 8, 1830 ; annual allowance, $48 ; under act of March 3, 1819, rate reduced to annual allowance of $24. — Revolutionary Pen sion Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. (Evidently an erroneous entry.) JONES, THOMAS C, aged 69, and a resident of Blount county ; private S. C. Militia ; enrolled on April 8, 1833, under (339) 64 Department of Archives and History. act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $64.16 ; sums received to date of publication of Hst, $192.48. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Part 3, Vol. xiii, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Blount county, June 1, 1840, aged 82. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. JONES, VINCENT, aged 71, and a resident of Shelby county ; private S. C. Militia ; enroHed on May 24, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832 ; payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $33.31 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $58.38. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st se"ss., 1833-34. KEATES, THOMAS, aged 78, and a resident of Tusca loosa county; private Maryland Continental Line; enroHed on January 10, 1837, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from October 18, 1826 ; annual allowance, $96 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $708.64. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. KELLY, PETER, aged 83, and a resident of Wilcox county; private S. C. Continental Line; enrolled on June 24, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $50. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. KENEDA, WILLIAM, aged 78, and a resident of Lauder dale county ; private Virginia Militia ; enrolled on August 28, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $34.44; sums received to date of publication of list, $103.32. — Revolutionary Pen sion RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. KENNEDY, DAVID, a' resident of Lowndes county; pri vate in cavalry and infantry, particular service not shown; en roHed on February 28, 1837, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allow ance, $53.10. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. KENNEDY, WILLIAM, age not given, resided in Marion countv, June 1, 1840, with J. Kennedy. — Census of Pension ers, l'841, p. 148. KEYES, JOHN WADE.— "The last resting place of this Revolutionary soldier is in an old family burial ground upon (340) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 65 his plantation, three miles from Athens on the Huntsville road. His lovely rural home was situated upon a'hill about half a mile from Swan creek. His wife, Louisa Talbot Keyes, lies beside him . John Wade Keyes was born in Mystic, near Boston, Mass., Sept. 25, 1752, and died near Athens, Ala., Feb. 13, 1839. His ancestry and many acts of his life are told in a book of the Keyes family called Solomon Keyes and His Descendants, by Judge Asa Keyes, of Vermont, published in Battleboro. We find from this that he was the son of Capt. Humphrey Keyes and Marcella Wade. His father was a sea captain of Boston. After many successful voyages he was wrecked and taken captive by the Algerines. He was a pris oner for years, but finally made his escape. Upon his retum to Boston he took John, his oldest son, and went down into Virginia. An old family record in Tennessee shows that Capt. Humphrey Keyes in 1775 was proprietor of 'Keyes' Ferry' on the Shenandoah river. A member of the family has now in his possession a letter written by General Washington rela tive to the survey of Keyes' Ferry tract on the Shenandoah near Charleston, Jefferson county, Virginia. John Wade Keyes married January 27, 1773, in Virginia, Louisa Talbot, niece of President Monroe. She was born near Alexandria, Va., April 20, 1756, and died near Athens, Nov. 6, 1836. This happy couple lived together for sixty-three years. Early in the Revolutionary war there was a call made for volunteers under Gen. John Thomas in the Shenandoah Val ley. John Wade Keyes was the second man to enlist; he was engaged in the battles of Bunker Hill, Lexington, Trenton, White Plains, Princeton, Brandywine and King's Mountain. Capt. John Keyes settled near Alexandria, Virginia, moved thence to the vicinity of Blountsville, Sullivan county. East Tennessee, and finally to Athens, Limestone county, Alabama, where he was one of the pioneer settlers. It is said that he would never consent to apply for a pension and when asked for his reasons he would reply, 'I fought for patriotism, not pensions.' He greatly honored and loved George Washing ton and he showed his admiration by naming his twin sons for him; one was called George and the other Washington. George Keyes commanded a company under Gen. Jackson and was afterwards made a brigadier-general of militia. Among the descendants of John Wade Keyes were Chancellor Wade Keyes, one of the most prominent jurists that Alabama has produced; George P. Keyes, a noted journalist; Cbl. John B. Richardson, of New Orleans, commander of the famous (341) 5 RS 66 Department of Archives and History. 'Washington Artillery' during the war, and others of distinc tion at the present day." — Mrs. P. H. MeH in Transactions of the Alabama Historical Society, Vol. iv, p. 548. KINARD, JOHN, aged 82, resided in Randolph county, June 1, 1840, with Barnett Kinard. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. KINNARD, JOHN, aged 70, and a resident of Marengo county; private S. C. Militia; enrolled on September 5, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $20. — Revolutionary Pen sion Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Marengo county, June 1, 1840, aged 77. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. KIRBY, ANDREW J., aged 25, resided in Jackson county, June 1, 1840, with John McReynolds. — Census of Pensioners^ 1841, p. 148. KIRBY, EPHRAIM. Ephraim Kirby was the first Supe rior Court judge in what is now Alabama. He was also the first General Grand High Priest of the Royal Arch Masons of the United States, 1798-1804, and he is probably the highest ranking Mason ever buried in Alabama. Judge Kirby was the grandfather of Edmund Kirby Smith, the distinguished Confederate general. The following sketch of his life is con densed from a paper read by Thomas M. Owen before the Alabama State Bar Association, June 29, 1901 : "Mr. Kirby was born Feb. 23, 1757, in Judea Society, An cient Woodbury, Conn., and was the son of Abraham Kirby, a farmer. The house in which he was born has long since been destroyed, but the land on which it stood is still known as 'the Kirby farm.' About 1763 his parents removed to Litchfield, Conn. His boyhood days were spent in the occu pation usually engaging a farmer's lad, but incidents of these years, and of his early education are wanting. "However, he was trained as a patriot, for on the news of the battle of Lexington, he joined a company of volunteers and arrived at Boston in time to take part in the battle of Bunker Hill. In the latter part of 1776, together with other young men of Litchfield county, he united in forming a com pany of volunteer cavalry. The men furnished their own horses and equipment; and served about twO' years. The fol lowing is Mr. Kirby's record for this period of service: 'Ephraim Kirby, private, enHsted Dec. 34, 1776, at Litchfield, (342) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 67 farmer. Stature 5 ft. 6, complexion dark, eyes dark, hair brown. Discharged Aug. 7, 1778.' His daring and bravery were conspicuous on many fields. He was in many battles and skirmishes. In the engagement at Elk river he received seven sabre cuts on the head, and was left on the field as dead. From the fearful cuts on his head he is said to have lost a portion of his brain, and he was for a long time unconscious. However, his intelligence was suddenly restored, and he at once re-entered the service of his country, continuing active untH independence was achieved. At one time he was a lieu tenant in a Rhode Island company. In all he is said to have been in nineteen battles and skirmishes, receiving thirteen wounds, including the sabre cuts already mentioned. These honorable evidences of service he carried with him to the grave. "The Revolutionary War ended, with widened experience and aspiration he set about preparing himself for an enlarged sphere of usefulness. For a while he was a student in Yale CoHege, but he did not graduate. In 1787 his alma mater conferred upon him the degree of master of arts in recogni tion, doubtless, of his expanding reputation. In Litchfield re sided Reynold Marvin, who before the war had been King's attorney, but who had relinquished his official station to throw himself with the cause of the colonists. Determining to em brace the profession of the law, Mr. Kirby entered the office of Mr. Marvin, and under his instruction he was soon admit ted to the bar. It was at this time, having entered upon the practice, that he married Ruth Martin, the daughter of his patron and teacher. From this time forth until his removal to the Southwest, although interested in many other matters, he practiced his profession in Litchfield. A fact is now to be noted which is of unusual interest. In 1789 he compiled and published the Reports of Cases Adjudged in the Superior Court of the State of Connecticut, from, the year 1785, to May, 1788, which has the unique distinction of being the first vol ume of law reports published in America. His work indicates rare legal ability, and is still authority in the courts. Mr. Kirby the same year took the initiative in another matter of great moment. He wrote the pledge and organized the first society, having for its object the promotion of temperance, ever formed in America. "With a view to bringing about a better condition in the Mississippi Territory, Congress by act of March 37, 1804, pro vided "That there shall be appointed an additional judge for (343) 68 Department of Archives and History. the Mississippi Territory, who shall reside at or near the Tom bigbee settlement, and who shall possess and exercise, within the district of Washington, * * * the jurisdiction here tofore possessed and exercised by the Superior Court of said Territory,' etc., which jurisdiction was made exclusive, with right of appeal, however, to the Superior Court at Natchez. "Under this act President Thomas Jefferson, on AprH 6, 1804, appointed Ephraim Kirby as 'the additional judge.' His Commission is as follows, the copy being supplied from the records of the secretary of state at Washington: THOMAS JEFFERSON, PRESIDENT OE THE UNITED STATES OE AMERICA. To all who shaH see these Presents, Greeting: Know Ye, That reposing special trust and confidence in the Wisdom, Uprightness and Learning of Ephraim Kirby, of Connecticut, and in pursuance of an Act of the Congress of the United States, passed on the twenty-seventh day of March, 1804, entitled 'An Act for the appointment of an additional Judge for the Mississippi Territory, and for other purposes,' I do appoint him the additional Judge for the said Territory to reside at or near the Tombigbee settlement ; and do author ize and empower him to execute and fulfill the duties of that Office according to law, and to Have and to Hold the said OflSce with all the powers, privileges and emoluments to the same of right appertaining during his good behaviour, and to the end of the next Session of the Senate of the United States, and no longer. Tn Testimony 'Whereof, I have caused these letters to be made Patent, and the Seal of the United States to be herunto affixd. Given under my Hand at the City of Washington, the Sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand [seal.] eight hundred and four, and of the Independence of the United States of America, the Twenty Eighth. Th. Jeeeerson. By the President : James Madison, Secretary of State. "At best Judge Kirby could not have held more than one term of Court, for he died on Oct. 30, 1804, at Fort Stoddert. As the U. S. government maintained a cantonment there, with a body of soldiers, his remains were interred with aH the hon ors of war and other demonstrations of respect. His body was (344) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 69 laid away in the little cemetery to await the last judgment. Mt. Vernon, as is known, is now in the hands of Alabama Insane Hospitals. One of the trustees of this institution. Col. Sam'l WiH John, on being told by the writer, some months ago, of his discoveries as to Judge Kirby, made local inquiry at Mt. Vernon in reference to the matter. In response a com munication was received by him from Thomas Rogers, of Mt. Vemon, from which the following pertinent extract is made: " 'I arrived in Mt. Vernon Jan. 14, 1850. When I came here I visited Fort Stoddert. I found the remains of chimneys, which were built of sand rock ; they have since been removed by negroes. I also found broken delf, and the neck of cham pagne bottles. In the cemetery, a little north of Fort Stod dert, on the lake, I found a red cedar board, at the head of a grave, with the name nicely cut, 'Ephraim Kirby, died Oct. 4th, [20] 1804.' * * * This board was the only one left to show where the cemetery was. I afterwards visited the place, and found that the board had been destroyed by forest fires.' And so it is that there is now no monument to mark the grave; and indeed the exact location of the grave will be hard to identify. "In conclusion I think it may with all propriety be claimed that Alabama has a part in the splendid heritage left by this distinguished man. Certainly there is in his life much to emu late. Strong of mind and will, patriotic in all crises, far-see ing and constructive in his mental operations, he towers above scores of his public contemporaries, as does the mountain peak above the hill. He was essentially a pioneer — the first to edit a published volume of official decisions and reports, the foun der of the first organized temperance movement in America, and the first Superior Court judge in what is now Alabama. An old lawyer of Litchfield pays this warm tribute to his worth: 'Colonel Kirby was a man of the highest moral as well as physical courage, devoted in his feelings and aspira tions, warm, generous, and constant in his attachments, and of indomitable energy. He was withal gentle and winning in his manners, kindly in his disposition, and naturally of an ar dent and cheerful temperament, though the last few years of his life were saddened by heavy pecuniary misfortunes. As a lawyer he was remarkable for frankness and downright hon esty to his clients, striving to prevent litigation and effecting compromises. Hie enjoyed the friendship of many of the sages of the Revolution.' " — Transactions oi the Alabama His torical Society, Vol. iv, pp. 550-553. (345) 70 Department of Archives and History. KIRKLAND, WILLIAM, aged 73, and a resident of Au tauga county ; private S. C. State Troops and Militia ; enrolled on January 11, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $72.33; sums received to date of publication of Hst, $317. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Part 3, Vol. xiii, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. LACKEY, WILLIAM, aged 80, and a resident of Law rence county; private Virginia Militia; enrolled on April 33, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $79.78; sums received to date of publication of list, $239.34. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Lawrence county, June 1, 1840, aged 87. — Cen sus of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. LAFOY, JAMES, a resident of Washington county; pri vate in infantry and cavalry, particular service not shown ; en rolled on September 9, 1836, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allow ance, $25. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, MobHe. LANDERS, JOHN, aged 82, resided in Benton county, June , 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. LANGLEY, JAMES, aged 80, resided in Chambers county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. LANSDALE, ISAAC, a resident of Montgomery county; private Delaware Line; enrolled on September 9, 1828, under act of Congress of May 15, 1828, payment to date from March 3, 1826; annual allowance, $80; sums received to date of pub lication of list, $720.' — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Fayette county, June 1, 1840, aged 80. — Census of Pension ers', 1841, p. 148. LATTY, JOHN. "On the 30th ult., JamES LaTTy, an old citizen of this county in the 103nd year of his age. He was a native of North Carolina, but had lived on the head waters of Brierfork for two generations. He volunteered in the revolu tionary war ; but his father, being in a helpless condition, fur nished means for a substitute for his son." — The Southern Advocate, HuntsviHe, April 11, 1860. LAVENDER, HUGH, aged 79, and a resident of Greene county; dragoon S. C. Militia; enrolled on February 10, 1834, (346) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 71 under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $66.21. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. LENTZ, HENRY, aged 81, and a resident of Limestone county; private and sergeant N. C. Militia; enrolled on June 14, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $59.33; sums received to date of publication of list, $148.32. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. LEWIS, AARON, aged 76, and a resident of Clarke county; private S. C. Continental Line; enrolled on April 20, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $53.33 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $160. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Pike county, June 1, 1840, aged 80. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. LEWIS, AXIOM, aged 75, resided in Clarke county, June 1, 1840, with William R. Hamilton. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. LINDSAY, DAVID. A revolutionary soldier of this name is buried at EHiottsville, Shelby county, but no facts as to his age or service have been ascertained. LINDSAY, JAMES, a resident of Marion county ; private, particular service not shown ; enrolled on August 22, 1835, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $20. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. LINTON, JOHN, aged 76 years, and a resident of Butler county; private N. C. Militia and State Troops; enrolled on Oct. 19, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, pay ment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $76.66. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Part 3, Vol. xiii. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Butler county, June 1, 1840, with Hugh Linton, aged 82. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. LITTLETON, CHARLES, aged 74, and a resident of Lau derdale county; private Georgia Militia; enrolled on October 29, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to (347) 72 Department of Archives and History. date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80. — Revolu tionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Lauderdale county, June 1, 1840, aged 79. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. Of him Mrs. P. H. Mell in Transactions of the Alabama Historical Society, Vol. iv, p. 554, says : "This soldier was from Maryland or Virginia. He rests in a little country graveyard, fifteen miles from Florence, in Lau derdale county, Alabama. This graveyard is nearly a mile from Bethel Grove Methodist church; the church being on Middle Cypress creek. He drew a pension and his grave is marked by a stone which bears this inscription : CHARLES LITTLETON. Revolutionary Soldier. Died March 29th, 1848, at 3 o'clock P. M. Aged about 103 or 105 years. "A descendant gives information that Charles Littleton was the son of Solomon Littleton, an Englishman, who owned land at or near Washington City, and is said to have built the first house on the site of Washington. He joined the re bellious colonists and, in revenge, the English captured him and placed him in a smallpox hospital at Ninety-Six, South Carolina, and thus took his life." LIVING, STEPHEN, sen., aged 80, resided in Pike county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. LIVINGSTON, SAMUEL, aged 76, and a resident of Morgan county; private N. C. Militia; enrolled on July 2, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $21.67; sums received to date of publication of list, $61.01. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. LOFTON, THOMAS, aged 73, and a resident of Pickens county; private, captain and sergeant S. C. Militia; enrolled on February 2, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $340; sums received to date of publication of list, $1,030. — Revo lutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He came from Pendleton district. South Carolina, to Ala bama. The young people of his neighborhood knew him as "Grandsire Lofton" and loved him for his kind and genial dis position; some are still living who remember his interesting (348) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 73 stories of the Revolution. He was a member of the Presby terian church. He is buried at Bethesda church near Benev ola ; no stone marks his last resting place. — Mrs. P. H. Mell in Transections of the Alabama Historical Society, Vol. iv, p. 554. LONG, DANIEL, aged 80, and a resident of Madison county; dragoon Virginia Continental Line; enrolled on No vember 23, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, pay ment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $100; sums received to date of publication of list, $300. — Revolu tionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. LOOKINGBILL, DANIEL, age not given, a resident of Dallas county; private 14th U. S. Regular; enrolled on July 30, 1831, payment to date from July 25, 1831; annual allow ance, $96; sums received to date of publication of list, $250.89; Acts Military establishment. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. Resided also in Marion, Fayette and Tuscaloosa counties. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. LUCAS, JAMES. Mary, wife of James Lucas, a resident of Montgomery county; enrolled on January 12, 1838, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $600. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. She rsided in Montgomery county, June 1, 1840, with Jane W. Freeney, aged 80. — Census of Pen sioners, 1841, p. 149. LUCAS, JOHN, private, particular service not shown; en rolled on January iO, 1837, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832 ; annual allowance, $20 ; no record of any payment being made. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, MobHe. LUCAS, RANDOLPH, private, particular service not shown; enrolled on January 10, 1837, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832; annual allowance, $20; no record of any payment having been made. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. LYLE, JOHN, aged 84, resided in Covington county, June 1, 1840, with John B. Dixon. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. LYNN, JAMES, aged 70, and a resident of Morgan county; private N. C. Continental Line; enrolled on Septem ber 24, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment (349) 74 Department of Archives and History. to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $74.33 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $222.99. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Morgan county, June 1, 1840, aged 76. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. MABERRY, GEORGE, aged 82, resided in Bibb county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. MABGLY, VARDER, aged 102, resided in Walker county, June 1, 1840, with Robert Mabgly. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 150. McCALL, JOHN, aged 70, and a resident of Limestone county; private and sergeant N. C. Continental Line; enrolled on Jnauary 5, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $20 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $60. — Revoution- ary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Con., 1st sess., 1833-34. McCARTER, JAMES, aged 69, and a resident of Greene county ; private S. C. MHitia ; enroHed on Nov. 4, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80 ; sums received to date of pub lication of list, $200.— Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Greene county, June 1, 1840, aged 76. — Census of Pension ers, 1841, p. 149. McCartney, john, aged 75, and a resident of Madi son county; private N. C. Militia; enrolled on July 2, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $51.34; sums received to date of publication of list, $138.35. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. McCARTY, MICHAEL, aged 90, resided in Jefferson county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. McCARY, RICHARD, aged 81, and a resident of Bibb county; private Virginia Continental Line; enroHed on June 13, 1819, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from May 3, 1819; annual aHowance, $96; sums re ceived to date of pubHcation of list, $1,497.31 ; transferred from Edegfield district, S. C, from March 4, 1837. — Revolu tionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., (350) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 75 1st sess., 1833-34. Also resided in Washington county. — Pent- sion Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. McCLURE, JOHN, aged 76, and a resident of Limestone county; private and sergeant N. C. Militia; enrolled on May 10, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80. — Revolution ary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. McCONNELL, JAMES, sen., aged 83, resided in Lime stone county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. McCORMACK, BENJAMIN, aged 89, and a resident of Perry county; private Georgia Militia; enrolled on September 17, 1833, under act of (Ibngress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $90 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $270. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. McCORMACK, JOS. R., aged 96, resided in Jackson county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. McCOSKLIN, , aged 78, resided in Sumter county. June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. McCRAVY, JOHN, aged 87, resided in Jackson county, June 1, 1840, with Thomas Coleman. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. McCRORY, JAMES. "James McCrory is buried in a cemetery at 'Old Bethany Church' (Primitive Baptist), near the town of Vienna in Pickens county. The following inscrip tion is on his tombstone : In Memory of JAMES M'CRORY. Died Nov. 24th, 1840, aged 82 years, 6 mo. and 9 days. Deceased was a soldier of the Revolution and was at the battles of Germantown, Brandywine and Guilford Courthouse, and was one of Washington's life guard at Valley Forge and served his coun try faithfully during the war. Peace to the soldiers' dust. "The following account of him is copied from the Tusca loosa Flag of the Union, December, 1840 : (351) 76 Department of Archives and History. " 'James McCrory was born May 15, 1758, at Larga, on the river Bann, In the county of Antrim, Ireland. He sailed from Belfast in 1775 when he was 17 years old and landed at Baltimore July 1st, in the same year. In 1776 he settled in Guilford county, N. C, and enlisted in the Continental army in the same year. He was at the battle of Brandywine, September 11, 1777, under General Washing ton at the battle of Germantown, and wintered at Valley Forge in 1777-78. Subsequently he fought under General Greene at Guil ford Court House, March 15, 1781, was in the battle of Eutaw Springs, and in the battle of Stono. He was with General Gates at his defeat at Camden and with General Morgan in the glorious victory at the Cowpens. For courage, good service and meri torious conduct he was promoted to the rank of ensign in the Life Guard of General Washington, and while acting in this capacity, he was talien prisoner and conflned on board a prison ship for six months. He came to Alabama while it was yet a territory, and made his home at Tuscaloosa for the last twenty-five years of hia life. This true patriot died November 24, 1840, at the age of eighty- two.' "There is a list of North Carolina Continental troops pub lished in the TV. C. Historical and Genealogical Register, on p. 424 of which we find the name of James McCrory, ensign in the Ninth regiment, under Col. John P. Williams, May 3, 1777. Thomas McCrory was a captain in the same regiment. The services of James McCrory are also stated in the proceed ings of the 27th Congress, 3d Session, in the Senate, February 4th, 1842, report of the (Committee on Revolutionary Claims: " 'James McCrory was a sergeant in Capt. Cook's company of the 9th regiment, enlisted on the 15th day of AprH, 1776, for the term of three years; on the 2d day of May, 1777, he was promoted to the rank of ensign. In January 1778, the nine regiments which composed the line, being reduced to three, the supernumerary officers were sent home, of which he was one. He then joined the nine months' men and marched to the south and was at the battle of Stono, the 30th of June, 1779, and was at Gates' defeat in August, 1780, and was taken prisoner on the 24th of February, 1781, by 'Tarleton's drag oons and was kept prisoner four months at Wilmington and then paroled; and in November, 1782, he took prisoner Col onel Bryant, a British officer, and gave him up to a regular officer of the American army.' "In spite of this array of gallant services the committee re ported adversely because of some technicality; but as the old hero had then been dead two years he was probably not very deeply affected or disappointed by the decision." — Mrs. P. H. Mell in Transactions oi the Alabama Historical Society, Vol. iv, pp. 554-556. (352) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 77 DetaHs of his service: He was an ensign 9th Regular N. C. Line ; enrolled on June 13, 1829, under act of Congress of May 15, 1828, payment to date from March 3, 1826; annual allowance, $240 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $2,160; John McCrory, agent. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Pickens county, June 1, 1840, with Robert Mc Crory, aged S2.— Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. McCUTCHEN, JOHN, aged 78, and a resident of Jack son county; private N. C. Militia; enrolled on January 3, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80.- — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. The following interesting account is extracted from the Southern Advocate, Huntsville, Jan. 27, 1835. "jACKSON COUNTY, ALA., JAN. 19, 1835. "It is our unhappy lot to anonunce that another Revolution ary Hero has gone I Col. John McCutchen, who, in 'the tiraes that tried men's souls,' stood boldly forth in defense of the liberty and independence of his country, bidding defiance not only to oppression, but confronting the armed myrmidons of the Tyrant, was on the 17th (inst.) in the eightieth year of his age, summoned to 'another and a better world.' "He engaged early in the Revolutionary conflict, was at the defense of Fort Moultrie, the battle at Eutaw Springs, and with a true patriotic zeal participated in all the perils and dis tress that so peculiarly characterized the unfeeling warfare, then waged throughout the Carolinas ; nor did he retire until he had the satisfaction of beholding the independence of his country, for which he had so long and ardently struggled, permanently secured. "Having devoted his youth to the service of his country in the field, in the maturity of manhood he engaged with those fearless and enterprising pioneers, who emigrating to the West, embarked in the arduous undertaking of reclaiming the fertile valley of the Tennessee from its then savage wilderness, and preparing it for the enjoyment of all the arts, luxuries and refinements of Social life. "He has ever been noted as a man of uncommon intellectual endowments — for the last forty years has been a professor of Christianity of the Baptist order, and been esteemed by all as a worthy example and an honor to his profession. Thus ripe in years and rich in the consciousness of having at two different periods of his life, rendered important services to his (353) 78 Department of Archives and History. country, and in the consoling hopes of a glorious immortal ity, the veteran has departed, leaving his relatives and numer ous friends to mourn his loss. "On Monday the 19th inst., as the citizens of this vicinity had convened to pay the last honors to the deceased, on mo tion of Maj. John B. Stevens, they constituted themselves into a meeting, for the purpose of making a public manifesta tion of their grief, to acknowledge the services, and express the high regard they have ever entertained for the principles of their departed friend. Col. James Smith was called to the chair and Maj. John B. Stevens appointed secretary — when the following resolutions were unanimously adopted, viz: "Resolved, That, under a deep sense of the gratitude we owe to those sages and heroes who achieved our independence, we deem it a duty incumbent upon us, their sons, with a filial piety to pay every tribute of respect to their virtues and their valor, as the only remuneration in our power, for the manifold rights and privileges that we now enjoy. "Resolved, That in the death of Col. John McCutchen, we have to lament the loss of one of that band of aged warriors, whose presence never fails to enliven our zeal in the cause of liberty and to remind us what it cost — ^that in him we have lost a firm patriot, a worthy citizen, a pious christian and an es teemed friend. And while we respectfully acknowledge his public services, stem integrity and private worth, we deeply sympathize with his -widow and other members of his family in their bereavement. "Resolved, That the above resolutions be signed by the Chairman and Secretary, and transmitted to the Democrat and Southern Advocate for publication. "James Smith, Chairman." "John B. Stevens, Secretary." McDERMENT, JOS., aged 83, resided in Blount county, June 1, 1840, with John Cook. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. McDEARMON, THOMAS, aged 82, and a resident ot Jackson county ; private S. C. Militia ; enrolled on January 17, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $34.44; sums received to date of pubHcation of Hst, $103.32. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. McDonald, john, aged 81, resided in Jefferson county, June 1, 1840, with Launcelot Armstrong.^ — Census of Pen-' sioners, 1841, p .149. (354) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 79 McDONELL, JAMES, aged 82, resided in Lawrence county, June 1 ,184:0.— Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. Resided also in Pickens county. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, MobHe. McDowell, john, aged 76, and a resident of Morgan county; private Maryland Continental Line; enrolled on April 18, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $36.66 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $73.32. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. McDUFF, DANIEL, a resident of Madison county; cap tain Regular S. C. Line; enrolled on June 1, 1830, under act of Congress of May 15, 1828, payment to date from March 3, 1836; annual allowance, $480; sums received to date of pub lication of Hst, $2,432; W. F. McDuff, administrator; admit ted under act of April 2. 1830. Died March 26, 1831.— Rev olutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. McGAUPHY, SAMUEL, aged 71, and a resident of Law rence county ; private, captain and lieutenant N. C. Militia ; en rolled on January 4, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $233.33 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $683.30. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Lawrence county, June 1, 1840, aged 78. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. McGEHEE, WILLIAM, aged 79, and a resident of Jack son county; private Virginia State Troops; enroHed on Jan uary 4, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $30; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $75. — Revolutionary Pen sion Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. McGUIRE, ELIJAH, aged 77, and a resident of Tusca loosa county; sergeant S. C. Continental Line; enroHed on December 12, 1827, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from October 12, 1827; annual allowance, $96; sums received to date of publication of Hst, $56.19. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in "Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. McILKENY, JAMES, age not given, a resident of Madi son county; private Virginia Continental Line; enroHed on (355) 80 Department of Archives and History. May 23, 1820, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, pay ment to date from October 8, 1818; annual aHowance, $96; suspended under act of May 1, 1820. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sesS., 1833-34. McINALLY, JONAH, aged 52, resided in Jackson county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. McKINNEY, CHARLES, aged 71, and a resident of Lime stone county; private and sergeant Virginia Militia; enroHed on June 14, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, pay ment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $27.33 ; sums received to date of pubHcation of list, $68.32. — Revolu tionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. McNEELY, DAVID, aged 76, and a resident of Madison county; private Virginia Continental Line and MiHtia; en rolled on June 13, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $30.77 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $92.31. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. McWHORTER, JOHN, aged 70, and a resident of Law rence county; private S. C. MHitia; enrolled on December 20, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832 ; payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $200. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. MADISON, JOHN, age not given, a resident of Greene county; corporal 39th Regular U. S. Infantry; enroHed on September 16, 1816; payment to date from July 9, 1814; an nual allowance, $96; sums received to $937.16; transferred from Lincoln county, Tennessee, from March 4, 1825; under act of March 3, 1819, to date from March 4, 1824, rate re duced to annual allowance of $64, under which the sum of $640 received to date of publication of list. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. MADISON, PEYTON, age not given, a resident of Greene county; private 39th Regular U. S. Infantry; enrolled on September 16, 1816; payment to date from July 9, 1814; annual allowance, $48; sums received, $1,023.15; transferred from Bedford county. West Tennessee, from March 4, 1825; under act of March 3, 1819, to date from March 4, 1825, rate (356) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 81 reduced to annual allowance of $24, under which the sum of $34.60 received, and April 12, 1826, old rate of $48 annual al lowance restored, under which the sum of $363.18 received to date of publication of list. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. MAHARG, ARCHIBALD, aged 71, and a resident of St. Clair county; private S. C. Militia; enrolled on July 24, 1833, under act of (Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $35 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $105. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. MAINYARD, COLEY, aged 74, and a resident of Lime stone county; private Virginia Continental Line; enrolled on January 26, 1830, under the act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from January 2, 1830 ; annual allowance, $96 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $352.51. — Revolu tionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. MAJORS, BENJAMIN, a resident of DaHas county; pri vate, particular service not shown; enrolled on August 38, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $30. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. MALLERY, JOHN, aged 75, and a resident of Limestone county; private and sergeant Virginia State Troops; enrolled on February 23, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $80; sums received to date of publication of list, $340. — Revolution ary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. MALLORY, JOHN, aged 75, resided in Benton county, June 1, 1840, with Henry H. Mallory. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. MALONE, CORNELIUS, aged 76, and a resident of Mor gan county; private S. C. Militia; enrolled on July 2, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $63.33; sums received to date of publication of list, $189.99. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Morgan county, June 1, 1840, aged 81.-'— Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. MALONE, WILLIAM, aged 77, and a resident of Lime stone county; private and sergeant S. C. MiUtia; enrolled on (357) 6 ES 82 Department of Archives and History. August 13, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832,' pay ment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual aUowance, $90 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $225. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Limestone county, June 1, 1840, aged 85. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. MANGUM, JOHN, aged 71, and a resident of Pickens county; private S. C. MHitia; enrolled on March 15, 1833, un der act of (Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $60 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $180. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. MAPLES, WILLIAM C. "Died— At the residence of his sons, in Madison county, Ala., on the 26th ult., William C. Maples, in the 81st year of his age. He was a native of Vir ginia and was one of the Guard, at the age of fifteen years, on Dan River, when the battle was fought at Guilford Court House. He emigrated to East Tennessee in the year 1796, and served as a volunteer in the war of 1812; and emigrated to Alabama in the year 1833. He had been a member of the Bap tist church for the rise of fifty years; he was a faithful and useful member of that society, and filled the office of a Deacon and Clerk for the church for a number of years; he was es teemed as a father in the Gospel; a tender husband and an affectionate father to his children; an agreeable and obliging neighbor. He departed this life in the triumph of a living faith — 'In the hope of that eternal life which God, that cannot lie, promised before the world began.' He has left a numer ous train of connections, scattered almost from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean. "The Athens, Tenn., and Lynchburg, Va., papers are re quested to copy." — The Democrat, (Huntsville), November 17, 1847. MARKHAM, LEWIS, aged 75, resided in Lauderdale county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. MAROM,* HUGH, aged 70, and a resident of Jefferson ?Evidently, "Morrow." county ; private S. C. Militia ; enrolled on March 15, 1833, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $20; sums received to date of publication of list, $60. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. (358) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 83 MARTIN, ANDREW ,aged 86, and a resident of Madison county ; private N. C. Continental Line ; enrolled on September 26, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $36.66 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $91.65. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Madison county, June 1, 1840, aged 105. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. MARTIN, JAMES, aged 75, and a resident of Greene county, private S. C. MiUtia; enrolled on September 17, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $40 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $120. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. MARTIN, WILLIAM, a resident of Montgomery county; private, particular service not shown; enrolled on August 31, 1834, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $20. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. MASON, JOHN, aged 72, resided in Mobile county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. MATHEWS, BENJAMIN, aged 70, and a resident of Jackson county ; private Virginia Continental Line and Militia ; enroHed on January 2, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $46.66; sums received to date of publication of Hst, $139.98. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Jackson county, June 1, 1840, aged 78. — Census of Pensio-ners, 1841, p. 148. MAYBERRY, GEORGE, aged 74, and a resident of Perry county; private Virginia MHitia; enroHed on December 18, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $32; sums received to date of publication of list, $96. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. MAYFIELD, SAMUEL, aged 75, and a resident of Tusca loosa county; private S. C. Militia; enroHed on April 18, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $26.66. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. MAYRANT, JOHN, lieutenant in the navy, particular ser vice not shown ; annual allowance, $360 ; to be paid from Sep- (359) 84 Department of Archives and History. y --.-'¦¦ tember, 1835 ; transferred from South Carolina. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, MobHe. MELAM, JOHN, aged 81, and a resident of Madison county; private Virginia Continental Line; enrolled on De cember 31, 1832, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, pay ment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. MEREDITH, JESSE, aged 79, and a resident of Dallas county; private Virginia Continental Line; enrolled on No vember 10, 1819, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from September 27, 1819 ; annual allowance, $96 ; sums received to date of pubHcation of list, $1,008. Sus pended under act May 1, 1820. Continued from March 4, 1823, and transferred from Smith county, Tennessee. — Revolution^ ary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. MERRICK, JOHN, sen., aged 82, resided in Dale county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. MILLARD, NATHANIEL, age not given, a resident of Dallas county; private Tennessee MiHtia; enrolled on January 15, 1823; payment to date from Sept. 1, 1822; annual allow ance, $48 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $430.31 ; Acts military Establishment. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. MILLER, LEONARD, aged 80, and a resident of Jefferson county ; private N. C. Continental Line ; enrolled on September 26, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $20 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $50. — Revolutionary Pen sion RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. MILLER, SAMUEL, age not given, a resident of Frank lin county; private 39th Regular 'U. S. Infantry; enroHed on March 10, 1818; payment to date from July 9, 1814; annual allowance, $96 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $1,887.09; April 24, 1816, transferred from West Tennessee from September 4, 1819. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. MILLS, MORGAN, age not given, a resident of DaUa.s county; private 2nd Regulars New Jersey Line; enrolled on (3«0) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 85 December 18, 1828, under act of Congress of May 15, 1828, payment to date from March 3, 1826 ; annual allowance, $80 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $680. — Revolution ary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. H^e resided in DaHas county, June 1, 1840, aged 78. — Census of Pensio-ners, 1841, p. 149. MITCHELL, FLUD, aged 77, and a resident of Limestone county; private and sergeant N. C. Militia; enroHed on Feb ruary 21, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, pay ment to date from ]\Iarch 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80 ; Sums received to date of publication of list, $240. — Revolu^ tionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. MITCHELL, JACOB, a resident of Montgomery county; private, particular service not shown; enrolled on November 21, 1829, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from September 4, 1835 ; annual allowance, $96. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. MITCHELL, JESSE, aged 75, and a resident of Limestone county; private and sergeant; enrolled on February 23, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $200. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Limestone county, June 1, 1840, aged 75. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. MITCHELL, WILLIAM, aged 78, and a resident of Mor gan county; private Virginia Continental Line; enrolled on July 28, 1824, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, pay ment to date from April 26, 1824; annual aHowance, $96; sums received to date of publication of list, $802.39. — Revolu tionary Pension RoU, in "Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Lawrence county, June 1, 1840, with A. MitcheU, aged 86. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. MOND, DUNCAN, private, particular service not shown; annual allowance, $48 ; records do not show that any payment was made. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. MOORE, OBADIAH, aged 80, and a resident of Autauga county; private N. C. Militia; enrolled on January 4, 1833, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $20 ; sums received to date (361) 86 Department of Archives and History. of publication of Ust, $60. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Part 3, Vol. xiii. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. MORGAN, ASA, aged 74, and a resident of Limestone county ; sergeant and private CJeorgia Militia ; enrolled on Au gust 13, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833; pay ment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $83.91; sums received to date of publication of list, $209.77. — Revolu tionary Pension Roll, in 'Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. MORGAN, DANIEL, private and sergeant, particular serv ice not shown; annual allowance, $100; records show that he was paid up to March 4, 1834. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, MobHe. MORGAN, JAMES, aged 75, and a resident of Perry county ; private N. C. Militia ; enrolled on September 17, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832; payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $30; sums received to date of publication of list, $75. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. MORGAN, JOHN, aged 71, and a resident of Fayette county; private N. C. Militia; enrolled on January 31, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $60; sums received to date of publication of list, $180. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. MORRIS, ISAAC, aged 74, and a resident of Perry county; sergeant Virginia MHitia; enroHed on October 3, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $40 ; sums received to date of pub lication of list, $130. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. MORRIS, JOHN, aged 70, and a resident of Jackson county; private S. C. State Troops; enrolled on August 12, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $20; sums received to date of publication of list, $60. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Jackson county, June 1, 1840, aged 76. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. MORROW, DAVID, aged 71, and a resident of Lawrence county; private of cavalry S. C. Militia; enrolled on December 18, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to (362) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 87 date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $85 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $215. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. MORROW, HUGHj a resident of Jefferson county; pri vate, particular service not shown; enrolled on March 15, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from September 4, 1833; annual allowance, $30. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. MORROW, SAMUEL, aged 88, and a resident of Fayette county ; private S. C. Continental Line ; enrolled on November 5, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $45.77 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $137.31. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. MOSS, E., aged 74, resided in Cherokee county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. MULLINS, STEPHEN, aged 74, and a resident of Blount county; dragoon Virginia (^Continental Line; enrolled on April 23, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $100 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $250. — Revolutionary Pen sion Roll, in Part 3, Vol. xiii. Sen. Doc. 514, 1st sess., 1833-34. MURRAY, DAVID, was born in 1760, and is buried in Talladega county. The tombstone bears the following inscrip tion: To the memory of DAVID MURRAY, a Revolutionary soldier, who departed this life Sth day November, 1840, in the 80th year of his age. He came from Prince Edward county, Virginia, just after the war and settled in Wilkes county, (Georgia. He left sev eral children, among others Hon. Thomas W. Murray, the old est son, who was born in Lincoln county, Ga., in 1790, and be came a man of distinction, being a candidate for Congress when he died. Murray county, Georgia, is named in honor of him. — White's Statistics of Georgia. "It is shown by the records in Washington, D. C, that one David Murray served as a private in Captain Satterlee's com- (363) 88 Department of Archives and History. pany. Colonel Moses Hazen's regiment, Continental troops. Revolutionary War. He enHsted December 30, 1776; was taken prisoner August 27, , and returned to his company August 4, 1779. His name last appears as that of a private on a roll, not dated, 'of Persons in the Congress' Own Regt. commanded by Col. Moses Hazen, Brig. Genl. by Brevet in the service of the U. S., 1783,' with remarks: ''When commis sioned or enlisted, 30 Dec, 1776 ; How Long to Serve, War, 1 year; Discharged by Commander-in-Chief at close of war, 17 June, 1783.' "—Mrs. P. H. Mell in Transactions of the Ala bama Historical Society, Vol. iv, pp. 556-557. MURRAY, JAMES, a resident of Perry county, and later of Pickens ; private, particular service not shown ; enrolled on March 6, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, pay ment to date from September 4, 1833; annual allowance, $80.66.~-Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. NAIL, MATTHEW, aged 77, and a resident of Madison county; private Georgia MiHtia; enrolled on November 4, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $340. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. NEEI-vY, JOHN, a resident of Shelby county ; private, par ticular service not shown ; enrolled on April 2, 1836, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $20. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. NEIL, ROBERT, age not given, a resident of Greene county; corporal in Mencon's Regiment; enrolled on June 10, 1817, pavment to date from March 5, 1814; annual allowance, $60 ; surns received, $138.30 ; on April 34, 1816, rate increased to annual allowance of $96, under which the sum of $850.89 received; under act of March 3, 1819, to date from March 4, 1825, rate reduced to annual allowance of $64, under which $576 received to date of pubHcation of list. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. NELSON, ANDREW, aged 72, and a resident of Morgan county ; private Virginia Continental Line ; enrolled on July 2, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $35.44; sums received to date of publication of list, $106.32. — Revolutionary Pension (364) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 89 Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Walker county, June 1, 1840, with Robert How ard, aged 76. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 150. NELSON, JOSEPH, aged 77, and a resident of Madison county ; private Vriginia Continental Line ; enroHed on January 22, 1843, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual aHowance, $30 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $90. — Revolutionary Pen sion Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Morgan county, June 1, 1840, aged 87. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. NEWSOM, RANDOLPH, aged 76, and a resident of Tus caloosa county; musician N. C. Militia; enrolled on October 29, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $88 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $220. — Revolutionary Pe-n- sion Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. NICHOLSON, HARRISON. The grave of this soldier is in the cemetery in Tuskegee. This is the inscription upon his monument : In memory of HARRISON NICHOLSON, A Revolutionary Soldier, Who was born on the 12th day of March, A. D. 1760, and departed this life on the 28th day of June, 1841, Aged 81 years, 3 months, and 16 days. "The descendants of Harrison Nicholson do not know where he was born or what State claimed him as a soldier dur ing the Revolution. He came from Georgia, near Milledge- viHe, to Macon county, Ala. He married Lucinda Long Dec. 30, 1783. He died in Macon county at the home of his grand son, James Monroe Nicholson. According to the recollection of his granddaughter, Mrs. E. A. Wilkinson, he had only three sons: (1) Britton Nicholson lived to mature years, but never married; (2) Nathaniel Nicholson married and raised a fam ily; he lived in Georgia in the vicinity of Milledgeville on his plantation; (3) James Nicholson, born March 18, 1785, mar ried Mary M. Stone, October 7th, 1813 ; children : 1( Mathew H. Nicholson, born Jan. 7th, 1815, married Miss H. E. Savory, (365) 90 Department of Archives and History. December 9th, 1839, in Mexico, lived there for several years, then moved to Texas, California and to Central America, where he died. His children are now living around Chapel Hill, Texas ; 3. Washington B. Nicholson, born June 28, 1818, married in Macon county, Alabama, to Miss Wafer, later moved to Claiborne Parish, Louisiana, died there in 1901. His family now live around Baton Rouge; he was the father of Col. James Nicholson, former president of the University of Louisiana at Baton Rouge; 3. Elizabeth Ann Nicholson, born October 25, 1839, married B. R. Taylor, December, 1836; he died leaving one child, Mrs. E. A. Hall, of AutaugavHle. She married a second time J. B. Wilkinson, January 13, 1843, by this marriage were born nine children ; 4. Lucinda Long Nich olson, bom January 23, 1823, married Leonidas Howard and lived at Mulberry, Autauga county, Alabama; there were two living sons and one daughter by this marriage ; 5. James Mon roe Nicholson, born December 12, 1825, married Rebecca Sla- ton, children died, second marriage no children, third marriage in Texas, where he is still living near Chapel Hill ; 6. Absalom H. Nicholson, born August 30, 1837, never married, was phy sician, moved to Louisiana, but died in Macon county, Ala bama, 1855; and 7. John 'Wesley Nicholson, born October 2, 1829, died unmarried in 1851, near Autaugaville, had just graduated from Emory College, Georgia." — Mrs. P. H. Mell, in Transactions of the Alabama Historical Society, Vol. iv, pp. 557-558. NICKOL, WILLIAM, aged 69, and a resident of Lawrence county; private of dragoons N. C. Militia; enrolled on AprH 23, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual aHowance, $43.33 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $108.32. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. NORRIS, PATRICK, aged 72, and a resident of Greene county; private S. C. Militia; enrolled on September 28, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $200. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. OAKS, ISAAC, aged 74, and a resident of Perry county; private Virginia MHitia; enroHed on October 29, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual aHowance, $60; sums received to date of pub lication of list, $150. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, (366) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 91 Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Perry county, June 1, 1840, with Willis Osbourn, aged 81. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. ODOM, JACOB, aged 72, and a resident of Pickens county ; private N. C. Militia; enrolled on January 28, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $20; sums received to date of publi cation of list, $50. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. OLIVER, THOMAS. "The writer has been told that the grave of this soldier may be seen near one of the public roads about six mHes from Montgomery. His tombstone relates that he was in the War of the Revolution from Culpepper county, Virginia ; he was at King's Mountain and Yorktown. He died in 182— in Montgomery county, Alabama. Nothing more has been learned of his history or family." — Mrs. P. H. Mell in Transactions of the Alabama Historical Society, Vol. iv, p. 558. OSTEEN, DAVID, aged 73, and a resident of Morgan county ; private N. C. Militia ; enrolled on May 2, 1833, under act of (Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $23.33; sums received to date of publication of list, $69.99. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. OTTERSON, SAMUEL, aged 80, and a resident of Greene county; captain and major S. C. Militia; enrolled on July 2, 1833. under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $525; sums received to date of publication of list, $1,585. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. OTTERSON, SAMUEL, age not given, and a resident of Greene county; captain S. C. Militia; date enrolled not stated, but pension to date from Oct. 6, 1816, under act of Congress, March 3, 1809; transferred from S. C, March 4, 1834; annual allowance, $96; sums received to date of publication of list, $2,247.74. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. OWEN, JOHN, a resident of Autauga county ; private, par ticular service not shown ; enrolled on January 26, 1835, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $36.66. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. (367) 92 Department of Archives and History. OWEN, RICHARDSON. "At his residence in Tusca loosa, Ala., on the 24th day of July, 1822, departed this life Col. Richardson Owen in the 78th year of his life. Col. Owen was born in Henrico county, Virginia, on the 14th of March, 1744. He emigrated to N. Carolina in 1763, where he was appointed Col. Commandant of Randolph county. During the period of the Revolutionary War he retained this command and was for some time in active service. He participated in many of the interesting and painful events with the Revolution. Near the close of the War he resigned this command and re moved to Va. on New River where he found a brisk partisan war kept up between Whigs and Tories. "Devoted to the cause of liberty, he could not remain neutral in this conflict. The Tory party for a while appeared domi nant and Col. Owen was selected as one of the victims of their cruelty; his vigilance and activity, however, enabled him to elude their grasp, but his whole estate (which was large) was swept away by them. They burned his house and plun dered him of everything movable. Fired by patriotic feelings as well as individual resentment Col. Owen determined at once to crush this murderous band of unprincipled desperadoes. For this purpose he raised a volunteer regiment whom he com manded, and after many sharp conflicts he succeeded in killing, hanging and putting to flight these destroyers of his fortune and enemies of his country's liberties. He carried with him to the grave all those feelings which animated the American sol dier in the times that tried men's souls. "Though he encountered many privations and sustained losses wliich he was ever after unable to repair, still he felt himself amply compensated in the acquisitions of that liberty for which he fought and struggled and which he long lived to enjoy. "Nature endowed him with a strong mind, which he retained to the close of his life. In his deportment through life his con duct was exemplary. For more than 30 years he was a mem ber of the Methodist church and daily engaged in the pious duties of a Christian. "He faced death with confidence and without fear, leaving an aged wife, five sons and one daughter." — Obituary, written by Col. John I. Inge, Tuscaloosa, Ala., and published in the Tuscaloosa Republican, July, 1833. PAINE, MATHEW, age not given, a resident of Marion county; private Tennessee Volunteers; enrolled on Febraary 3, 1836, payment to date from October 26, 1825 ; annual allow- (368) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 93 ance, $96 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $706.65 ; April 24, 1816. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. PARKER, ELISHA. "Departed this life in Morgan county, Ala., on the 21st ult., Elisha Parker, in the 97th year of his age, a native of Connecticut, and a soldier of the Revo lution. He was greatly esteemed and respected by all who knew him." — The Democrat, HuntsviHe, May 6, 1846. PARKER, WILLIAM, age not given, a resident of Madi son county; private 4th Regular U. S. Infantry; enrolled on September 6, 1820, payment to date from March 11, 1819 ; an nual allowance, $96; sums received to date of publication of list, $1,437.90 ; Acts Military establishment. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. PARR, JOHN. "Died, on the 6th inst., at his residence about eight miles west of this place, Mr. John Parr, in the eigthy-seventh year of his age. "Mr. Parr emigrated from Fairfield District, S. Carolina, to this State about twelve years ago, and has since resided in the county till his death. "He entered into the service of his country at the age of six teen, in the Revolutionary war, and served two campaigns. No man has left behind him a more unblemished character." — Alabama Beacon, Greensboro, Ala., January 16, 1847. PAYNE, MATHEY, aged 76, resided in Walker county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 150. PAYNE, WILLIAM, a resident of Marengo county; pri vate, particular service not shown; enrolled on March 13, 1835, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $20. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. PENDEGRASS, SPENCER, aged 69, resided in Talladega county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. PENN, STEPHEN, aged 74, and a resident of Lawrence county; private Maryland State Troops; enroUed on May 2, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual aHowance, $31.33. — Revolution^ ary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. PERRY, ABRAHAM, aged 69, and a resident of Butler county; private S. C. Militia; enroUed October 3, 1833, under (369) 94 Department of Archives and History. act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80 ; sums received to date of pub lication of list, $200. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Part 3, Vol. xni, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., "1st sess., 1833-34. ___ PETTIGREW, JAMES, aged 73, and a resident of Greene county ; private S. C. Militia ; enrolled on July 3, 1833, under act of (Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80 ; sums received to date of pub lication of list, $240. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Greene county, June 1, 1840, aged 79. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. PETTY, THEOPHILUS, sen., aged 82, resided in Butler county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. PETTY, WILLIAM, aged 70, and a resident of Madison county; private N. C. MHitia; enroUed on February 21, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $20 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $50. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. PHILLIPS, ANDREW, aged 75, and a resident of Pickens county; private N. C. Continental Line; enrolled on July 3, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $80. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. PIERCE, HUGH, a resident of Jefferson county; private, particular service not shown; enrolled on Septembr 17, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $30. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. PIERCE, JOHN, aged 82, and a resident of Dallas county; private S. C. Militia; enrolled on March 5, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $40 ; sums received to date of publi cation of list, $120. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided m Dallas county, June 1, 1840, with Benjamin Crumblin, aged 95. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. PIGG, CHARLES, aged 70, and a resident of Madison county; private Virginia Continental Line; enrolled on De cember 31, 1832, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, pay- (370) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 95 ment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $20; sums received to date of publication of list, $60. — Revolution ary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. POOL, JOHN, aged 74, and a resident of Perry county; private S. C. Militia; enrolled on June 5, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $20; sums received to date of publi cation of list, $50.' — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 614, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. POOL, SAMUEL, aged 80, resided in Russell county, June 1, 1840, with Matthew Pool. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. POPE, LE ROY. "One by one of those whose good for tune it was to be engaged in the struggle for American In dependence quietly drop into the grave. Soon we will have only their memories and the recollection of their achievements to remind us of their patriotic labors. Col. Le Roy Pope has been gathered to his fathers. For four-score years he led a life singular for its uniform probity and morality. He was born in Virginia in 1764 — removed to Georgia in 1790 — to this place in 1810, where he resided up to the time of his death on the 14th inst., beloved by his rela tives and intimate friends, honored and esteemed by all. He was no common man, possessed of no common mind, and filled no common place in our Society. The bustling incidents of his youth prevented his receiving a complete education; but his mind was one of a strong and vigorous character; bold, original and comprehensive, with a vast fund of common sense. Formerly possessing the whole of the present site of Huntsville, he was looked upon and was one of the chief pat rons and founders of the place, and always took a deep inter est in whatever affected the welfare of the town. His liber ality and benevolence were notorious. The last ten years of his life were spent mostly in retirement, mingling but little in the turmoil of every-day life — preparing in peace, in quiet se renity for another and different world, and at the time of his death he was a leading member of the Episcopal church. One of the chief pleasures of life, is to sit at the feet of the pioneers of our town and listen to them relate the early his tory of the place — the incidents connected with its settlement, and its original inhabitants. Acting a conspicuous part in all, and acquainted with all, it was a rare enjoyment to hear (2ol. (371) 96 Department of Archives and History. Pope discourse in his colloquial manner of events in our his tory; and the only regret is that the pleasure was so seldom enjoyed. A mere child to him, a comparative stranger to his many virtues, and the part he acted in life's drama, we cannot speak more at length and with definiteness. His death has created a chasm, an aching void in society, which we know not who can fill. The action of the mayor and aldermen upon the loss our town has sustained, will be found below. At a called meeting of the Board of Aldermen of the Town of Huntsville, it was unanimously resolved that the corporate authorities attend the funeral of the late Col. Le Roy Pope in token of respect for the many private virtues and public ser vices of the deceased." June 14th, 1844. — Southern Advocate, Huntsville, June 21, 1844. PORTER, JAMES, age not given, a resident of Dallas county; service and date of enrollment not given because of the loss of papers by the buming of the office of the War De partment, 1801 and 1814; payment to date from September 5, 1808; annual allowance, $24, under which the sum of $177.17 received; transferred from Iredell county, N. C, from September 4, 1824; on April 30, 1816, to date from Jan. 22, 1816, rate increased to annual allowance of $48, under which the total sum of $733.82 received ; and "on account of in creased disabHity," rate increased, to date from May 4, 1831, to annual allowance of $96, under which the sum of $273.27 received to date of publication of list. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in DaUas county, June 1, 1840, aged 80. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. POSEY, HEZEKIAH, aged 90, resided in Benton county, June 1, 1840.' — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. POWELL, PEYTON, a resident of Madison county; lieu tenant First Regular Virginia Line; enrolled on August 29, 1838, under act of Congress of May 15, 1828, payment to date from March 3, 1826; annual allowance, $330; sums received to date of publication of Ust, $3,730; Lemuel Mead, agent. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in 'Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Madison county, June 1, 1840, aged 80. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. PRIDDY, RICHARD, aged 74, and a resident of Morgan county; sergeant Virginia Continental Line; enrolled on June (372) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 97 4, 1818, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from May 13, 1818; annual allowance, $96; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $1,228.90. — Revolution ary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. PRIDE, BURTON, aged 77, and a resident of Morgan county; private Virginia Militia; enroHed on July 2, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $60; sums received to date of publication of list, $150. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. PULLEN, WILLIAM, aged 76, and a resident of Jeffer son county; private Virginia Continental Line; enrolled on AprH 13, 1831, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, pay ment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $96 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $340. — Revolu tionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Jefferson county, June 1, 1840, aged 82. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. "The grave of William Pullen is in Jefferson county, in the suburbs of Birmingham, in an old family burying ground about fifty yards from the Avondale car line between 34th and 35th .streets. For many years this old graveyard was as isolated and secluded as if situated in the heart of a lonely forest, but, in the last year or two, houses have been built up thickly around it and are encroaching upon its boundaries. The grave of the soldier lies at the foot of a large oak tree; it is a rough mound of brown stones with a flat tablet topping them which bears this inscription : Sacred to the Memorv of WILLIAM PULLEN A Soldier of the Revolution, Who died April 4th, 1845, Aged 87 years. "His wife lies at his feet but the lettering of the tablet at her grave is iUegible, only the words 'Wife of William PuUen.' "Descendants of 'William Pullen declare that he died at the age of ninety-six and that he was born in the year 1749. But as his name is found in the Census of Pensioners for 1840 and he is recorded as being eighty-two years of age at that date, and this agrees perfectly with what appears to be the age on the (373) 7 RS 98 Department of Archives and History. tombstone, the writer has accepted the latter as correct. Wil liam Pullen then was born in Virginia in 1758, on the Appcn mattox river near Petersburg. He entered the Revolutionary War from Virginia and was in service for seven years. Soon after the Revolution he moved to South Carolina and in 1830 he came to Alabama and settled near Birmingham. He was the first man buried with military honors in Jefferson county. "He left six children: (1) Clarissa, who married Jesse Hickman, and they were the parents of W. P. Hickman, for- merlv county commissioner for Jefferson county; (3) Sarah who married James Rowan, and they were the parents of Peyton Rowan, of JacksonviUe. Ala.; (3) WiHiam, married Nancy Brooks; (4 ) Martha, married Joseph Hickman; (5) Mary, married Samuel Rowan; (6) Elizabeth, married Rich ard Tankersley. "It is shown in the records at Washington, D. C, in the Record and Pension Office, 'that one William PuUen served as a private in Captain George Lambert's company of Continen tal regulars of the 14th battalion, 14th Virginia regiment of foot, commanded by Colonel Charles Lewis, Revolutionary War.' He enlisted January 1, 1777, to serve three years, and his name last appears as that of a private on a roU dated Camp near Morristown. December 9, 1779, of Captain Over ton's company, 10th Virginia regiment, commanded by Col. William Davies. The records show that the 14th Virginia Regiment became the 10th Virginia regiment about Novem ber, 1778, and that about May, 1779, the 1st and 10th Vir ginia regiments were incorporated and designated the 1st and 10th Virginia regiment." — Mrs. P. H. Mell, in Transactions of the Alabama Historical Society, Vol. iv, pp. 558-560. QUEEN, THOMAS, aged 82, and a resident of Morgan county ; private N. C. Militia ; enroHed on July 2, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4. 1831 ; annual allowance, $55 ; sums received to date of pub lication of list, $165. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st Sess., 1833-34. He resided in Morgan county, June 1, 1840, aged 80. — Census of Pension ers, 1841, p. 148. QUINN, MICHAEL, private, particular service not shown; annual allowance, $96 ; transferred to South Carolina. — Pen sion Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. RALEY, CHARLES, aged 70. and a resident of Morgan county ; private of Cavalry Virginia Continental Line ; enrolled (374) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 99 on September 17, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual aUowance, $77.72 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $194.30. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 614, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. RANDOLPH, ABRAHAM, aged 73, and a resident of Lawrence county; private N. C. Militia; enrolled on April 13, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual aHowance, $20. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 614, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. RANDOLPH, HUGH, aged 85, resided in Franklin county, June 1, 1840, with David Fuller. — Census of Pension ers, 1841, p. 148. RANKIN, ROBERT, a resident of Washington county; lieutenant 3rd Regular "Virginia Line; enrolled on September 8, 1828, under act of Congress of May 15, 1828, payment to date from March 3, 1826; annual allowance, $320; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $2,880; W. Crawford, agent. — Revolutionary Penison Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. RAY, FREDERICK, aged 76, and a resident of Tusca loosa county ; private Virginia State Troops ; enrolled on April 23, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $36.66. — Revo lutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 614, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. READY, SHADRACK, aged 88, and a resident of Madi son county; private Virginia Continental Line; enrolled on December 6, 1820, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from September 11, 1820; annual allowance, $96 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $438.13. Died April 3, 1825. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. REED, JOHN, aged 82, and a resident of Fayette county ; private N. C. Militia; enroUed on November 15, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual aUowance, $30; sums received to date of pub lication of Ust, $90. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. REED, NATHAN, aged 72, and a resident of Perry county ; private N. C. Militia ; enroUed on September 17, 1833, (375) loo Department of Archives and History. under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $30 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $75. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. REED, ROBERT, aged 77, and a resident of St. Clair county; private and sergeant N. C. Militia; enrolled on Feb ruary 4, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual aHowance, $65 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $195. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in St. Clair county, June 1, 1840, aged 75. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. REESE, LITTLETON, aged 76, resided in Autauga county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. REYNOLDS, FIELDING, aged 70, and a resident of Dal las county; private and sergeant S. C. State Troops; enrolled on March 8, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual aHowance, $93.33 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $279.99. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. RICE, RIGHT, a resident of Wilcox county; private, par ticular service not shown; enroHed on January 26, 1835, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $20. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. RIDNER, SAMUEL, aged 80, resided in Benton county, June 1, 1840, with Jos. Ridner. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. ROANE, JAMES H., age not given, a resident of Morgan county; 2nd lieutenant lOth Regular U. S. Infantry; enrolled on April 18, 1825, payment to date from January 28, 1825; annual aHowance, $90; sums received to date of publication of list, $684.22 ; Acts MHitary establishment. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. ROBERSON, JOHN, aged 74, and a resident of Tusca loosa county; private Virginia MHitia; enrolled on July 30, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $38.11 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $70.38. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. (376) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 101 ROBERTS, DAVID, aged 89, and a resident of Shelby county; private S. C. Militia; enrolled on March 13, 1834, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $60 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $180.— Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. ROBERTSON, JAMES, aged 71, and a resident of St. Clair county; private S. C. Continental Line; enrolled on Oc tober 29, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833; pay ment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $80; sums received to date of publication of list, $340. — Revolu tionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. "The following tribute to 'Horseshoe Robinson' is extracted from a poem, entitled 'The Day of Freedom,' by Alexander B. Meek, and delivered as an oration at Tuscaloosa on the 4th of July, 1838 : "Valoriously He bore himself, and with his youthful arms Chivalrous deeds performed, which in a land Of legendary lore had placed his name. Embalmed in song, beside the hallowed ones Of Douglass and of Percy ; not unsung Entirely his fame. Romance has -wreathed With flowering fingers, and with wizard art That hangs the votive chaplet on the heart. His story, mid her fictions, and hath given His name and deeds to after times. When last This trophied anniversary came round And called Columbia's patriot children out To greet its advent, the old man was here. Serenely smiling as the autumn sun Just dripping down the golden west to seeli His evening couch. Few months agone I saw Him in his quiet home, with all around Its wishes could demand — and. by his side The loved companion of his youthful years — This singing maiden of his boyhood's time ; She who had cheered him with her smiles when clouds Were o'er his country's prospects ; who had trod In sun and shade, life's devious path with him. And whom kind Heaven had still preserved to bless. With all the fullness of maternal wealth, The mellowing afternoon of his decline. Where are they now? — the old man and his wife? Alas ! the broadening sun sets in the night. The ripening shoelj falls on the reaper's arm; The lingering guest must leave the hall at last; The music ceases when the feast is done; The old man and his wife are gone. From earth. Have passed in peace to heaven ; and summer's flowers, (377) 102 Department of Archives and History. Beneath the light of this triumphant day, Luxurious sweets are shedding o'er The unsculptured grave of 'Horseshoe Robinson.'" "The grave of James Robertson is in Tuscaloosa county on the banks of the Black Warrior river near Sanders' ferry, in the old family burying-ground. He was the famous 'Horse shoe Robertson' of Revolutionary fame in South Carolina, and the hero of the novel of that name written by John Pendleton Kennedy in 1835. The name 'Horseshoe' was given because of a bend in a creek in his plantation in South Carolina shaped like a horseshoe. "The following inscription is taken from his tombstone: MAJOR JAMES ROBERTSON, A native of S. C. died April 36, 1838, aged 79 years, and was buried here. Well known as Horseshoe Robinson, he earned a Just fame in the war of independence, in which he was eminent in courage, patriotism and suffering. He lived fifty-six years with his worthy partner, useful and respected, and died in hopes of a blessed immortality. His children erect this monument as a tribute justly due a good husband, father, neighbor, patriot and soldier. "James Robertson was born in 1759; and his epitaph states that he was a native of South Carolina. He was married in 1783 and 'lived fifty-six years with his worthy partner;' she died in January, 1838, and he died AprH 36, 1838. The name of his wife was Sarah Morris ; tradition says her maiden name was Hayden; they left several children, one daughter was living in Mississippi a few years ago. James Robertson was a famous scout during the Revolution and a terror to the Tories. After the war he settled in Pendleton district and was living there when Kennedy met him in 1818. In the pre face to Kennedy's novel of Horseshoe Robinson he gives an account of the circumstances which led him to write the story. "He says that in the winter of 1818-19 he had occasion to visit the western section of South Carolina. He went from Augusta to Edgefield, then to Abbeville and thence to Pendle ton, in the old district of Ninety-six, just at the foot of the mountains. His course was still westward until he came to the Seneca river, a tributary of the Savannah. He describes how he happened to spend the night at the home of Col. T — , (378) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 103 who Uved thirty miles from Pendleton . Horseshoe Robinson came here that night. 'What a man I saw! Tall, broad, brawny and erect. His homely dress, his free stride, his face radiant with kindness, the natural gracefulness of his mo tions, all afforded a ready index to his character. It was evi dent he was a man to confide in.' "The old soldier was drawn out to relate some stories of the war. He told how he got away from Charleston after the sur render, and how he took five Scotchmen prisoners, and these two famous passages are faithfully preserved in the narrative. "It was first published in 1835. Horseshoe Robinson was then a very old man. He had removed to Alabama and lived, I am told, near Tuscaloosa. I commissioned a friend to send him a copy of the book. The report brought me was that the old man had listened very attentively to the reading of it and took great interest in it. " 'What do you say to all this ?' was the question addressed to him, after the reading was finished. His reply is a voucher, which I desire to preserve: 'It is all true and right — in its right place — excepting about them women, which I disremem- ber. That mought be true, too; but my memory is treacher ous — I disremember.' " It is a pleasure to know that this fine old hero was a real personage, and although his exploits may have been colored in a measure by the pen of the romancer, there still remains a rich stock of adventures, which were undoubtedly true, and the picture of a nature frank, brave, true and yet full of mod esty. Extract from Flag of the Union, published at Tuscaloosa, January 17, 1838 : Horseshoe Robinson — Who has not read Kennedy's delightful novel of this name, and who that has read would not give an half day's ride to see the venerable living Hero of this Tale of "Tory Ascendency," the Immortal Horseshoe himself — the extermination of "Jim Curry" and Hugh Habershaw? The venerable patriot bear ing the familiar sobriquet, and whose name Mr. Kennedy has made as familiar In the mouths of American youths as household words, was visited by us In company with several friends one day last week. We found the old Gentleman on his Plantation about 12 miles from this city, as comfortably situated with respect to this world's goods as any one could desire to have him. It was gratify ing to us to see him in his old age after having served through the whole war of Independence thus seated under his own vine and fig tree, with his children around him and with the Partner of his early toils and trials still continued to him enjoying in peace and safety the rich rewards of that arduous struggle, in the most gloomy and desponding hour of which he was found as ready, as earnest, as zealous, for the cause of liberty as when victory perched upon her (379) 104 Department of Archives and History. standard, and the stars of the "Tory ascendency" was for a while dimmed by defeat — and in which he continued with unshaken Faith and constancy until it sank below the Horison never again to rise. The old gentleman gave us a partial history of his Revolutionary adventures, containing many Interesting facts respecting the domi nation of the Tory party in the South during the times of the Revolution, which Mr. Kennedy has not recorded in his Book. But it will chiefly interest our readers, or to that portion of them at least to whom the history of the old hero's achievements as recorded by Mr. Kennedy is familiar, to be assured that the principal incidents. therein portrayed are strictly true. That of his escape from Charleston after the capture of that city, his being entrusted with a letter to Butler, the scene at Wat Adair's, the capture of Butler at Grindal's Ford, his subsequent escape and recapture, the death of John Ramsey, and the detection of the party by reason of the salute fired over his grave, his cap turing of the four men under the common of the younger St. Jermyn, his attack up Ines' camp, and the death of Hugh Haber shaw by his own hand and finally the death of Jim Curry, are all: narrated pretty much as they occurred, in the old veteran's own language: "There Is a heap of truth in it, though the writer has mightily furnished it up." That the names of Butler, Mildred Lindsay, Mary Musgrove, John Ramsay, Hugh Habershaw, Jim Curry and in fact almost every other used in the Book, with the exception of his own, are real and not fictitious. His own name, he- informed us, is James ; and that he did not go by the familior ap pellation by whieh he is now so widely known until after the war, when he acquired it from the form of his Plantation in the Horse shoe Bend of the Pair Forest creek, whieh was bestowed upon him by the Legislature of South Carolina in consequence of the services- he had rendered during the war — this estate, we understood him to say, he still owned. He was born, he says, in 1759 in Virginia, and entered the army in his seventeenth year. Before the close of war, he says, he com manded a troop of horse, so that his military title is that of Cap tain. Horseshoe, although in infirm health, bears evident marks of" having been a man of great personal strength and activity. He is now afflicted with a troublesome cough, which in the natural course- of events must in a few years wear out his aged frame. Yet, not withstanding his infirmities and general debility, his eye still spar kles with the fire of youth, as he recounts the stirring and thrilling- incidents of the war, and that sly, quiet humor so well described by Kennedy may still be seen playing around his mouth as one calls to his recollections any of the pranks he was wont to play upon any- of the "tory vagrants," as he very properly styles them. The old Gentleman received us with warm cordiality and hospitality; and after partaking of the Bounties of his board and spending a night under his hospitable roof we took leave of him, sincerely wishing him many years of the peaceful enjoyment of that liberty which he- fought so long and so bravely to achieve. It will not be uninterest ing, we hope, to remark that the old hero still considers himself a soldier, though the nature of his warfare is changed; he is now a zealous promoter of the Redeemer's cause as he once was in secur ing the independence of his country. Since the above was in type we have heard of the death of the- aged partner of this venerable patriot. An obituary notice will be- found in another column. (380) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 105 "The novel Horseshoe Robinson is interesting reading even in this critical and blase twentieth century. Judge A. B. Meek, a fine literary critic, says that "Mr. Kennedy, the author of 'Horseshoe Robin.son,' has in that inimitable 'Tale of the Tory Ascendency' in South Carolina proved the suitableness of American subjects for fictitious composition of the most ele vated kind. Although in his incidents and characters he has done little more than presented a faithful chronicle of facts, using throughout the veritable names of persons and places as they were stated to him by his hero himself, yet such is the thriUing interest of the story, the vivid pictures of scenery, manners, customs, and language, the striking contrasts of characters and the pervading beauty and power of style and description throughout the work, that we think we do not err in saying that it is not inferior in any respect to the best of the 'Waverly series.' "The home of James Robertson in South Carolina, where he lived for a third of a century, is still standing. It is in Oconee county a few miles from "Westminster. It is now owned by a Mr. Cox and travelers frequently visit the place, drawn thither by the fame of 'Horseshoe Robinson.'" — Mrs. P. H. Mell in Transactions of the Alabama Historical Society, Vol. iv, pp. 560-564. ROBINSON, JOHN, aged 81, resided in Benton county, June 1, 1840, with J. H. Morison. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 150. ROBINSON, WILLIAM, aged 75, and a resident of Mont gomery county; private S. C. State 'Torops; enrolled on Jan uary 4, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual aHowance, $80; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $340. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. ROBINSON, WILLIAM, aged 75, and a resident of Au tauga county ; private S. C. Continental Line and Militia ; en roUed on February 11, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual aHow ance, $40. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Part 3, Vol. xiii. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong'., 1st sess., 1833-34. RODGERS, JAMES, aged 80, resided in Pickens county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. ROGERS, EDWARD, aged 89, and a resident of Tusca loosa county'; private S. C. State Troops ; enrolled on August (381) 106 Department of Archives and History. 12, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4 ,1831; annual allowance, $80; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $240. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. ROPER, JOHN, aged 76, resided in Benton county, June 1, 1840, with Stephen Roper. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. ROSS, CHARLES, aged 86, and a resident of Morgan county; private Virginia Continental Line; enrolled on May 27, 1824, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from April 26, 1824; annual allowance, $96; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $670.98. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 614, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. ROSS, WALTER, aged 74, and a resident of Autauga county; private N. C. MHitia; enrolled on October 29, 1833, under the act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $30 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $90. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Part 3, Vol. xiii. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Autauga county, June 1, 1840, aged 81. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. ROWAN, SAMUEL, aged 70, and a resident of Jackson county ; private S. C. Continental Line ;enrolled on November 22, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833; payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual aHowance, $39.44; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $118.32. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 614, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. ROWE, JOSHUA, aged 79, resided in Coosa county, June 1, 1840, with Daniel Rowe. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. ROWSEY, EDMOND, aged 71, and a resident of Fayette county; private Virginia Militia; enroHed on Febraary 11, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $20 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $60. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 614, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. RUSSELL, THOMAS, aged 74, and a resident of Jackson county; private of Cavalry N. C. Continental Line; enrolled on April 22, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, pay- (382) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 107 ment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $41.66. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Jackson county, June 1, 1840, aged 79. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. SAMPELS, JESSE, aged 79, resided in Jackson county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. SAMPLE, JOHN, SR., aged 76, and a resident of Ma rengo county ; private S. C. MHitia ; enroUed on July 25, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual aUowance, $30.88. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 614, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. SAUNDERS, JOSEPH, aged 77, and a resident of Law rence county; lieutenant of navy, 'Virginia State Navy; en roUed on February 14, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, pa3rment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allow ance, $365.20. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. SAWYER, STEPHEN, aged 76, and a resident of Greene county ; private N. C. Militia ; enrolled on March 21, 1834, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; aimual allowance, $40. — Revolutionary Pen sion Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc 614, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. SAXON, JAMES, a resident of Autauga county; private, particular service not shown; enroUed on February 16, 1820, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from Septembr 4, 1834 ; annual aUowance, $96 ; died January 17, 183%.— Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. SCARBROUGH, ELIAS, aged 94, resided in Clarke county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. SEALE, JARVIS, a resident of Greene county; private, particular service not shown; enrolled on July 8, 1835, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $20. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. SEVIER, GOVERNOR JOHN. "This hero of the Revo lution, whose Ufe was a romance, was not one of the pioneer settlers of Alabama. He died in this State and his remains lay buried here for seventy-three years 'without a stone to mark the place of their repose or an enclosure to protect them (383) 108 Department of Archives and History. from unhallowed intrusion.' In 1888 his body was removed by the State of Tennessee and laid to rest beneath the sod of the State he had loved and served so faithfuUy. He is now buried in Knoxvlile, and the State has erected a stately monu ment as a memorial of her everlasting though tardy gratitude to her honored son. "Valentine Xavier, the father of John Sevier, was a de scendant from an ancient Huguenot family in Navarre; he was born in London and emigrated to America about 1740 ; settled on the Shenandoah, Virginia; removed to Watauga, N. C, and finally settled on the Nola Chucka, at Plum Grove. — See Pioneer Women of the West. "John Sevier was born in Rockingham Co., Va., 23rd of September, 1745, and was educated at the academy in Freder icksburg. He was married at the early age of seventeen to Sarah Hawkins ; soon afterwards he founded Newmarket, in the vaHev of the Shenandoah; he became at once celebrated as an Indian fighter, and was made captain of the Virginia Hne in 1772. 'That spring (1772) he removed to Watauga, now Tennessee, served in Lord Dunmore's war and was in the battle of Point Pleasant, 1774. 'His work began at the dawn of the Revolution and lasted to the end.' It is said he was in thirty battles. His wife's health was delicate and she never removed from Virginia, but died in 1779, leaving him ten children. In 1780, he married Catharine Sherrill, daughter of Samuel SherriH of North Carolina, who was one of the pioneers in the valley of the Watauga. She was beautiful, taH, strong and courageous" as became the wife of John Se vier. She always boasted that the first work she did after she was married was to spin and weave and make the suits of clothes which her husband and his three sons wore in the memorable battle of King's Mountain. She became the mother of eight children, three sons and five daughters. After the battle of King's Mountain, John Sevier received a vote of thanks and a present of a sword and pistol from the North Carolina legislature. A fellow soldier said of his appearance during the battle: 'His eyes were flames of fire, and his words were electric bolts crashing down the ranks of the ene my.' "He was elected governor of the State of Franklin in 1784 ; but, as this State was not long allowed existence, Sevier was captured and imprisoned because of alleged disloyalty. How ever, he was rescued and soon made his escape. That section of country was then given the name by the United States gov- (384) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 109 ernment of 'Territory south of the river Ohio,' and he was made brigadier-general of this section in 1789. He was the first delegate sent to represent the Territory in Congress in 1790. During aH this time he was incessantly and successfully engaged in defending the settlements from the Indians until their spirit was broken and peace was fully established. No man was ever more feared or respected by them, and as for the white people of the settlements, they loved him as a father, friend and protector. When the State of Tennessee was estab lished, he was elected the first governor in 1796, and served three terms. In 1815, in spite of his age and infirmities, he was appointed by President Monroe to act as United States commissioner to settle the boundary Hne between Georgia and the Creek territory in Alabama. H'e died while engaged in this work, September 24th, 1815. He was attended during his illness by only a few soldiers and Indians. He was buried near Fort Decatur, Alabama, on the east side of the Talla poosa river, at an Indian village called Tuckabatchee, with the honors of war by the troops under command of Capt. Walker, United States army. He was in the active service of his coun try from a boy of eighteen until he died at the age of seventy. — Mrs. P. H. Mell in Transactions of the Alabama Historical Society, vol. iv, pp. 565-566. SHEPHERD, R. S., aged 73, resided in Jefferson county, June 1, 1840, with Sarah Nabers. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149.. SHJUMAKER, HARMON, aged 73, and a resident of Fayette county; private Maryland Militia; enrolled on July 12, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $40. — Revolu tionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514 ,23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. SIBLEY, JOHN, sergeant, particular service not shown; annual allowance, $120; records do not show that any pay ments were ever made. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, MobHe. SIMPSON, ELISHA, aged 76, and a resident of Wash ington county; private N. C. MiHtia; enrolled on September •24, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $36.66. — Revo- Jutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. (385) 110 Department of Archives and History. SIMPSON, JAMES, aged 79, resided in Randolph county, June 1, 1840, with William Simpson. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. SKANES, ADAM, a.ged 86, resided in Butler county, June 1, 1840, with Adam Skanes, sen. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. SLOAN, SAMUEL, aged 76, and a resident of Limestone county; private N. C. Continental Line; enrolled on February 29, 1832, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from February 24, 1832 ; annual allowance, $96 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $146.48. — Revolution ary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 614, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. SMITH, ISAAC. "The Rev. Isaac Smith, a native of Vir ginia, for three years an orderly sergeant in the army under Washington and Lafayette, the friend and host of Bishop As- bury, and other of the Bishops of the Church, for more than half a century a minister of the Gospel, serving the longest term at Asbury Mission of any man ever connected with it, and terminating his active ministry at that place, was a man of noble character, a model Christian, and he made an honora ble record. 'Believing every word of God, meek above the reach of provocation, and thoroughly imbued with the spirit of love and devotion, he was a saint indeed.' "An incident may be related here which will relate his pa triotism, and which will indicate his fidelity to the ministry and his constant adherence to his religion. In August, 1834, Mar quis De La Fayette, the friend of Washington and of Ameri can liberty, made a visit to the United States, landing at New York, and he was tendered a reception worthy of his patriotic services and worth yof the country whose liberty he had helped to achieve. The Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Alabama in General Assembly convened, at Cahawba, Alabama, passed, by unanimous vote, a resolution, which was approved December 24, 1824, as follows : 'And be it further resolved. That his excellency the Governor be re quested to invite, in such manner as he shall deem most re spectful. Major General La Fayette to honor the State of Alabama with a visit, and in the event of his acceptance of such invitation, he be received in such manner as shall best comport with the important services he has rendered the American people.' In pursuance of the resolution. Governor Pickens invited the distinguished guest of the nation to Ala- (386) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. Ill bama, and the invitation was accepted, and the visit was made. On March 31, 1825, the venerable and honored La Fayette under an escort of Georgians, halted, in the midst of the Creek National, upon the eastern bank of the Chattahoochee River, whose western side laves the soil of Alabama. The CJeorgia escort delivered the hero of American liberty, and their guest, to fifty nude and painted Creek Indian warriors. The Indians, vying with the citizens of the United States in the homage paid the noble Frenchman, conveyed him across the river and put him down on Alabama soil. He was then about one mile from the Asbury school. One of the first white men to greet La Fayette when he set foot on Alabama soil was the man who for three years attended him as orderly ser geant, and carried messages for him while the struggle for the independence of the American colonies went on. That man was the Rev. Isaac Smith, the Missionary in charge of the Asbury School for the Indians. They greeted, recollected, and recognized each other. There in the howling wilderness, and in the presence of painted warriors and naked savages, the old comrades in arms embraced each other, and gave expression to their friendship, and vent to their emotions, and the once young orderly, now a grave preacher of the ([Jospel and a de voted Missionary, prayed with and for the old Commander and patriot, and with deep emotion, strong faith, and earnest petitions commended him to the court of Heaven, and be sought for him citizenship in the Kingdom of Christ, and the liberty which pertains to the sons of God. How anomalous and yet how appropriate all this! No event in all the course of that triumphal tour through the American continent made a deeper or more lasting impression upon the old patriot than that reunion of himself and the orderly sergeant of the former times, on the borders of Alabama. La Fayette tarried for the day, and he and Smith, the Missionary to the Indians, talked of the past and the present, in sweet counsel, and in the mean time witnessed one of those special contests and social past- times peculiar to the aborigines, a game of ball. The meeting of his old Commander at the very spot of his missionary labors was one of the unexpected pleasures which the Rev. Mr. Smith enjoyed beyond description. That meeting recollectetd the reminiscences of the past, revived his spirits, renewed his youth, strengthened his patriotism, and made an epoch in his eventful life. "The Rev. Isaac Smith died in Monroe County, Ckorgia, at the age of seventy-six, and went to his etemal home. His (387) 112 Department of Archives and History. children have honored him by religious lives." — Rev. Dr. An son West's, History of Methodism in Alabama, pp. 380-2. SMITH, JAMES, aged 81, resided in Jackson county, June 1, 1840, with James P. Smith. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. SMITH, JOHN, aged 69, and a resident of Madison county; private N. C. Militia; enroHed on September 26, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual aUowance, $80. — Revolutionary Pen sion Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Jackson county, June 1, 1840, with Larkin Smith, aged 77. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. SMITH, JOHN, aged 73, and a resident of Bibb county; private ^. C. Militia and Continental Line; enrolled on May 29, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $240. — Revolutionary Pen sion Roll, in Part 3, Vol. xni. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. SMITH, REBECCA, AGED 39, resided in Jackson county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. SPLANN, CORNELIUS, age not given, a resident of Morgan county ; sergeant Sth Regular U. S. Infantry ; enrolled on October 15, 1818, payment to date from July 23, 1818; an nual allowance, $48 ; Sums received to date of publication of Hst, 557.69 ; Acts Military establishment. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 2rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. STAFFORD, DAVID, aged 74, and a resident of Morgan county; private Virginia Continental Line; enroHed on May 16, 1836, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from AprH 32, 1826 ; annual allowance, $96 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $707.46. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. STANFORD, THOMAS, age not given ; resided in Marion county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. STARNES, NICHOLAS, aged 78, and a resident of Jef ferson county; private Virginia Militia; enrolled on July 18, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $20. — Revolutionary (388) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 113 Pension RoR, in Vol. xiv. Sen .Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. STEPHENS, REUBEN, aged 77, resided in Chambers county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. STEWART, THOMAS, aged 76, and a resident of Au tauga county ; private N. C. State Troops ; enrolled on August 12, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $51.45; sums received to date of publication of list, $154.35. — Revolution ary Pension RoU, in Part 3, Vol. xin. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. STONE, REUBEN, aged 79, and a resident of Madison county; private S. C. Continental Line; enrolled on January 4, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80. — Revolu tionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. STILLWAGON, . "Mrs. Elizabeth StiUwagon was accidentally burnt to death at ConneHsville on the 6th. She was 115 years old, and her husband was a Revolutionary sol dier." — The Southern Advocate, HuntsviHe, Feb. 22, 1854. STOCKMON, CHRISTOPHER, a resident of Mobile county ; private, particular service not shown ; enrolled on May 20, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $20 ; transferred from North Carolina. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, MobHe. STOKES, SYLVESTER, aged 35, and a resident of Law rence countv; private Virginia Continental Line; enroHed on March 14, 1827, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from February 2, 1827 ; annual aHowance, $96; sums received to date of publication of list, $536.51. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. Sl'ORY. HENRY, aged 77, and a resident of Greene county ; sergeant S. C. Militia ; enrolled on July 2, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832 ; payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual aHowance, $120 ; sums received to date of publication of Ust, $360. — Revoultionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. STRANGE, ABNER A., aged 73, and a resident of Lime stone county; private and sergeant Virginia Continental Mili- (389) 8 RS 114 Department of Archives and History. tia; enrolled on February 23, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832; payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual aHowance, 40; sums received to date of publication of list, $100.- — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. STRONG, JOHNSON, aged 75, and a resident of Fayette county ; private Virginia Militia ; enrolled on January 9, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual aHowance, $33 ; sums received to date of pubHcation of list, $99. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 614, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Fayette county, June 1, 1840, aged 82. — Census of Pens-loners, 1841, p. 148. STROUEL, MATHEW, aged 87, and a resident of Shelby county; private N. C. State Troops; enrolled on June 17, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $20. — Rveloutionary Pen sion Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 614, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. Also resided in Bibb county. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. STUDROE, READY, enrolled under act of Congress of March 18, 1818 ; no further details given. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. STURDEVANT, JOHN. "At his residence, in Summer- field, Dallas county, of apoplexy, on Saturday morning, the 21st December, 1856, Robert Sturdevant, Esq., one of the oldest citizens of this county. "Mr. Sturdevant was born in Dinwiddle county, Virginia, on the 28th July, 1789, and was the son of Mr. John Sturde vant, a soldier of the Revolution. Mr. S. was brought to Hancock, Georgia, when quite young, by his father, and re mained there until 1818, when he removed to Alabama. "We knew Mr. Sturdivant, by report and personally, for the greater portion of our life, and when we came to Selma to reside, in 1845, he gave us the warmest and heartiest wel come, lie was kind, Hberal and hospitable — a sincere chris tian — a charitable man — a good friend of ours, and it is with profound sorrow we record his death." — The Dallas Gazete, Jan. 9, 1857. SUTTON, GEORGE, age not given, a resident of Mobile county; private 7th Reg. U. S. Infantry; enroHed on April 18, 1825, payment to date from January 28, 1825; annual al- (390) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 115 lowance, $96 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $826.10; Acts Military establishment. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. SUTTON, ROBERT, aged 76, and a resident of Lawrence county ; private S. C. Continental Line ; enrolled on January 34 ,1834, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from November 10, 1823 ; annual allowance, $96 ; sums received to date of pubHcation of list, $950.66. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. TABOR, WILLIAM, aged 73, and a resident of Bibb county; ensign and lieutenant N. C. Militia; enrolled on Jan uary 2, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $100 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $300.— Revolutionary Pen sion RoU, in Part 3, Vol. xiii. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. TALIAFERRO, RICHARD. MHdred, wife of Richard Taliaferro, who was a resident of Pickens county, captain of infantry; enroHed on August 4, 1838, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $480. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. MHdred TaUaferro resided in Pickens county, June 1, 1840, aged 78. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. TARRANT, JAMES, sen., aged 86, resided in Jefferson county, June 1, 1840, with James Tarrant, Jr. — Census of Pen sioners, 1841, p. 149. TATOM, THOMAS. "Mr. Clay, yielding to his feelings excited in behalf of the son of a Revolutionary Patriot, who was captured at Mier, a citizen of Alabama, addressed a letter to President Santa Anna, recuesting his liberation. Wt u.i- derstand that he has just received a polite letter from Santa Anna, informing him of the prompt discharge of the captive according to his request." — Lexington Observer. [The person alluded to above was Mr. Thomas Tatom. son of Capt. Tatom of Morgan county, Ala.] — Ed. Adv. Southern Advocate, Huntsville, Oct. 25, 1844, p. 2. A TOUCHING INCSDENT. "While Capt. Nicholas Davis was making a tour through the county of Lauderdale filling some political appointments, and while at Rogersville awaiting the assembling of the peo ple whom he was to address, the western mail-stage came in, (391) 116 Department of Archives and History. and in a few moments, a strange young man rushing into the room where Capt. Davis was, and almost without salutation, throwing his arms around Capt. Davis' neck and submerged in tears, hailed him as his deliverer. The company aston ished, withdrew for a moment, supposing the young man to be some near relative. Capt. Davis also wept when he was embracing Thomas Tatom, one of the Texas prisoners, who was released by the friendly interposition of himself through Mr. Clay of Kentucky. The whole company partook of the general joy. The young man was on his way home, to his fath er's house at least, where he would meet the full-heart, and the affectionate embraces of a time-worn father, and a large circle of relatives and iriends."— Athens Whig. — Southern Advocate, HuntsviHe, Oct. 25, 1844, p. 3. TAYLOR, ELIJAH, aged 81, and a resident of Limestone county ; private and sergeant N. C. Militia ; enrolled on July 29, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $33.33. — Revolu tionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. TAYLOR, GEORGE. "This Revolutionary soldier is men tioned in Northern Alabama Illustrated, p. 261. He is buried ten miles east of Huntsville, near the bank of the Flint river; there is no tombstone over his grave. Family records give the facts of his history. George Taylor was born in Virginia, exact date not known but about 1762, and died in Madison county, Alabama, 1826. He entered the Revolutionary army in his seventeenth year, was first under fire at the battle of Monmouth, 1778, then came to South Carolina with 'Light Horse Harry' Lee's command and engaged in many battles and skirmishes with Lee, and at the close of the war he was a Heutenant. 'He was in the disasterous charge at King's Bridge, where, owing to misdirection of orders, the advance was not supported and out of twenty, onlv five made good their retreat.' Soon after the Revolution he married Miss Jen nings, cf Lexington, Oglethorpe county, Georgia, and she was probably born in Lexington. Miles Jennings, a famous Indian fighter, who is described in White's Historical Collec tions of Georgia, and who lived in Oglethorpe county, is per haps of the same familv as the wife of George Taylor. It is stated that George Taylor commanded a scouting party for defense against the Indians, for more than ten years after the close of the Revolutionary war; this party being organized at Lexington, Georgia. He was also captain in the militia. He (392) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 117 moved from Georgia to Winchester, Tenn., in 1805, and came to Madison county, Ala., in 1810, and settled on the banks of the Flint river, where he is buried. His wife died in Ala bama several years before his death. He died in 1826. A grandson of this couple was the late Judge Thomas J. Taylor, of HuntsviHe, probate judge of Madison county. The inher ited courageous and patriotic spirit of the family is shown by the fact that Judge Taylor and six brothers were gallant sol diers and officers in the Confederate States army. A great- grandson, Douglass Taylor, is now living in Huntsville, and other descendents are Hving in Louisiana." — Mrs. P. H. Mell in Transactions of the Alabama Historical Society, Vol. iv, pp. 566-567. TAYLOR, MEREDITH, a resident of Pickens county ; pri vate, particular service not shown ; enrolled on November 11, 1837, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832; annual allow ance, $46.66 ; transferred from South CaroHna. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. He resided in Pickens county, June 1, 1840, with James Bonner, aged 78. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. TAYLOR, THOMAS, aged 56, resided in Chambers county, June 1, 1840, with Jonathan Music. — Census of Pen sioners, 1841, p. 149. TEMPLE, JOHN, aged 76, and a resident of Montgomery county; private Virginia Continental Line; enroHed on De cember 14, 1819, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818; paym.ent to date from July 23, 1818; annual allowance, $96; sums received to date of publication of list, $1,451.38 ; trans ferred from Edgefield district, S. C, from March 4, 1830.— Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. THIGPEN. JOSEPH, aged 76, and a resident of Perry county ; private N. C. Militia ; enroHed on September 24, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual aHowance, $20 ; sums received to date of pubHcation of Ust, $50. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. THOMAS, JOHN, sen., aged 81, resided in Autauga county, June 1, 1840, with Mary Johnson. — Census of Pen sioners, 1841, p. 149. THOMPSON, BENJAMIN, aged 72, and a resident of Montgomery county; private S. C. Militia; enrolled on Jan- (393) 118 Department of Archives and History. uary 4, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual aHowance, $80 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $200. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. THOMPSON, ELECTROUS, aged 78, and a resident of Morgan county; private Maryland Continental Line; enrolled on September 17, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allownace, $50 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $125. — Revolu tionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess.. 1833-34. He resided in Morgan county, June 1, 1840, aged 91. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. THOMPSON, NICHOLAS, aged 75, and a resident of Morgan county ; private N. C. Continental Line ; enrolled on April 3, 1824, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, pay ment to date from January 12, 1824; annual allowance, $96; sums received to date of publication of list, $962.22. — Revolu tionary Pension Roll, in "Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Morgan county, June 1, 1840, aged 81. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. THOMPSON, ROBERT, aged 74, and a resident of Franklin county; private Virginia Continental Line; enrolled on April 21, 1834, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from February 2, 1824; annual allowance, $96 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $632.53. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in "Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. TIDMORE, JOHN, aged 84, resided in Greene county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. TINEY, ROBERT, aged 81, and a resident of Lawrence county; private S. C. Continental Line; enrolled on AprH 26, 1828, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from February 6, 1828 ; annual allowance, $96 ; sums received to date of publication of Hst, $439. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. TOLBERT,SAMUEL, aged 87, resided in Benton county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. TOWNSEL, JOSHUA, aged 80, resided in Jackson county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. (394) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 119 TOWNSEND, ANDREW, aged 71, and a resident of St. Clair county; private S. C. MHitia; enroHed on September 28, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832 ; payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $20; sums received to date of publication of list, $50.- — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen .Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. TRENCH, BENJAMIN, aged 69, and a resident of Lime stone county ; private Virginia Continental Line ; enrolled on June 6, 1820, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, pay ment to date from October 17, 1818 ; annual allowance, $96 ; sums received to date of publication of Ust, $486.99. Dropped under act May 1, 1820. Restored, commencing January 5, 1830. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 614, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. TRIBBLE, ELIJAH, aged 80, and a resident of Jackson county; private N. C. Militia; enrolled on January 4, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $20; sums received to date of publication of list, $60. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. TRIBBLE, JAMES, aged 78, and a resident of Madison county; private Virginia Militia; enrolled on January 24, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $40 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $100. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. TRUITT, WILLIAMS. WiUiams Truitt lies buried at Teller's ferry on Lynch's creek. His daughter married Wil liam ChanceUor, son of Jerry ChanceUor. The Chancellors of Coosa county are descendants. These facts were furnished by D. B. Oden, Childersburg, Ala. See Transactions of the Alabama Historical Society, Vol. iv, p. 567. TUBBS, JOHN, SR., aged 76, and a resident of Perry county; private S. C^. State 'Troops; enroHed on June 17, 1834, under act of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $26. 21. ^Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. TUCKER, GEORGE, aged 89, and a resident of Fayette county ; private N .C. Continental Line ; enrolled on February 10, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832 ; payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $46.66 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $139.98. — Revolutionary (395) 120 Department of Archives and History. Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. Also resided in Marion county. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. He also resided in Marion county.^ — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. TURNER, LEWIS, aged 72, and a resident of Shelby county ; private S. C. Militia ; enrolled on January 4, 1834, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $40. — Revolutionary Pen sion RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. TURNER, NOEL, a resident of Mobile county; private, particular service not shown; enrolled on March 21, 1836, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $20 ; died January 21, 1837. ' — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. UPTON, GEORGE, a resident of DeKalb county ; private, particular service not shown; enrolled on July 31, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832 ; annual allowance, $30. — Pen sion Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. He resided in De Kalb county, June 1, 1840, aged 80. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. VARNER, JOSEPH, a resident of Clarke county; private, particular service not shown; enrolled on May 8, 1832, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from Sep tember 4, 1835 ; annual allowance, $72. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. VAUGHAN, INGRAPIAM, aged 77, and a resident of Lauderdale county, private captain and sergeant Virginia Con tinental Line and Militia ; enroHed on May 14, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $57.11.' — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. VAUGHAN, JOEL, aged 95, and a resident of Pickens county; private N. C. Continental Line; enrolled on February 27, 1834; under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $48.32 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $144.96. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. WAGSTER, WILLIAM, age not given, and a resident of Butler county; private S. C. Continental Line; enroHed on (396) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 121 July 16, 1819, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818 ; pay ment to date from July 5, 1819 ; annual allowance, $96 ; sus pended under act May 1, 1830. Continued and transferred from Edgefield District, S. C, from January 22, 1829.— i?e^o- lutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess", 1833-34. WAID (sic), CALVIN, aged 73, and a resident of Blount county; private New Jersey MiHtia; enrolled on July 10, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $53.33. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Part 3, Vol .xiii. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. WALDEN, DAVID, aged 76, and a resident of Blount county ; private N. C. Continental Line ; enrolled on January 27, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80. — Revolution ary Pension RoU, in Part 3, Vol. xiu. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong,. 1st sess., 1833-34. WALDRON, CHARLES, aged 75, and a resident of Lowndes county; private Maryland Militia; enroUed on May 19, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual aHowance, $20. — Revolu tionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. WALKER, TANDY, private, particular service not shown; enroHed on September 30, 1838, payment to date from January 1, 1838 ; annual allowance, $96. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. WALKER, WILLIAM, aged 78, resided in DeKalb county, June 1, 1840, with G. 'Walker. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. WALLACE, JOHN, aged 75, and a resident of Bibb county; private N. C. MHitia; enrolled on June 17, 1834, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $80. — Revolutionary Pen sion RoU, in Part 3, Vol. xiii. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd "Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Bibb county, June 1, 1840, aged 80 to 90. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. WALLING, DAVID, aged 76, resided in Walker county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 150. WALLING, WILLIAM, aged 73, and a resident of Madi son county; private and sergeant S. C. Militia; enrolled on (397) 122 Department of Archives and History. November 4, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, pay ment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $35; sums received to date or publication of Hst, $105. — Revolu tionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. WALTON, WILLIAM, aged 68, and a resident of Greene county; private N. C. Militia; enroHed on January 16, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual aHowance, $33.33; sums received to date of publication of Ust, $99.99. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. WARD, CALVIN, private, particular service not shown; annual allowance, $53.33 ; records do not show that any pay ment was ever made. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mo bHe. WARD, JOHN ,aged 77, and a resident of Bibb county; private N. C. MHitia; enroHed January 4, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $30. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Part 3, Vol. xiii. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. WARDEN, SAMUEL, aged 84, resided in Benton county, June 1, 1840, with David Barnwell.— Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. WARSHAM, JOHN, aged 72, and a resident of Wash ington county; private "Virginia Continental Line; enrolled on February 10, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $30 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $90. — Revolution ary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 614, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Washington county, June 1, 1840, aged 78. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 150. WATFORD, JOSEPH, aged 93, resided in Dale county, June 1, 1840, with Barnabas Whatford. — Census of Pensio-n ers, 1841, p. 149. WATKINS, JAMES, aged 92, resided in Benton county, June 1, 1840. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. WATTS, GARRETT, aged 78, and a resident of Perry county; private N. C. Militia; enroUed on July 16, 1834, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual aUowance, $23.33. — Revolutionary Pen- (398) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 123 sion Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. \\'EBSTER, JOHN, "John Webster was born in Caroline county, \"a., in 1743. Early in the struggle for independence he enlisted in the Continental army and served under General Washington. He was with the American army at Yorktown, and witnessed the surrender of Cornwallis. In 1817 he came to Alabama and during the last ten years of his life he lived in Tuscaloosa with his son, John J. \^'ebster. He died in Tus caloosa, September 6, 1839, in the 97th year of his age. — See Tuscaloosa Flag of the Union, September 14, 1839. "It is shown by the records in Washington, D. C, that one John Webster served as a private in Captain Alexander S. Dandridge's troop, 1st regiment of Light Dragoons, com manded by Colonel Bland, Continental troops. Revolutionary War. He was 'appointed' July 20, 1777, to serve until De cember 1, 1778, and his name last appears on a pay roll for the month of November, 1778. It is also shown by the records that one John ^^'^ebster served as a private in Captain Thomas Pry's company in a regiment of foot commanded by Colonel Moses Haze% Continental troops. Revolutionary War. He enlisted April 16, 1777, to serve during the war; joined the company June 17, 1777, and his name last appears on an ac count covering the period from June 1 to July 31, 1779. "It is further shown by the records that one John Webster served as a carpenter in Captain Low's company. Corps of Artificers, Continental troops. Revolutionary War. He en Hsted AprH 3, 1777, to serve to January 1, 1778, and his name last appears as that of a clerk on the roll for the period from August 3, to November 27, 1778, with remark 'appointed September 1, 1778.' "It is hardly probable that these are one and the same indi vidual." — Mrs. P. H. Mell in Transactions of the Alabama Historical Society, Vol. iv, p. 568. WELBORN, ISAAC, aged 76, and a resident of Madison county; private N. C. Continental Line and Militia; enrolled on January 24, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $53.33. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. WEST, SAMUEL, aged 103, resided in MarshaU county, June 1, 1840, with Butcher "West. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. (399) 124 Department of Archives and History. WESTON, ROBERT. "Robert Weston, a soldier from North Carolina, is buried at 'Shady Grove,' Sumter county, Ala. His tomb records simply his birth and death and 'A Revolutionary Soldier.' A few brief facts of his history have been furnished by Mrs. M. C. Carpenter, his granddaughter, of Eutaw, Ala. Robert Weston was born in England, August 29, 1763, and died in Sumter county, Alabama, July 21, 1845, aged 81 years, 5 months and 8 days. "He came to America when a mere lad, with his two broth ers, Isaac and Frank Weston. Although very young, he fought in the Revolution in North Carolina; was brave and quick witted ; was captured three times and sentenced to death, but made his escape each time through shrewd abihty in disguising himself. He married Mary Ogilvie of South Carolina, who was born June 36, 1769, and died January 11, 1845, aged 75 years, 5 months and 15 days. The young couple settled in Fairfield district, S. C, where they resided until their children were grown. They had a large family and many descendants are still living in South CaroHna, Alabama, Mississippi and Texas. One son, I. M. Weston, settled in Columbia, S. C, but the other children aH removed to Alabama. Naturally the old couple followed their children and camie to Sumter county, Ala., in 1833, where they purchased a home near their chil dren and spent their old age in peace and contentment sur rounded by children and grandchildren. Robert Weston was a man of intelligence and excellent education and his grand children remember him with the deepest affection and respect. His thrilling stories of Revolutionary times are yet remem bered and told in the family." — Mrs. P. H. Mell in Transac tions of the Alabama Historical Society, Vol. iv, pp. 568-569. WHITE, ANDREW, aged 72, and a resident of Lawrence county ; private N. C. Militia ; enrolled on AprH 23, 1833, un der act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $20. — Revolutionary Pen sion Roll, in Vol. xiv, Sen .Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Lawrence county, June 1, 1840, aged 78. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. W^HITE, ELIJAH, aged 78, resided in Frankhn county, June 1, 1840, with Samuel B. White. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. WHITE, JAMES, aged 73, and a resident of Jackson county; private Virginia Continental Line; enrolled on Janu ary 2, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment (400) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 125 to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $40 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $120. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. AVHITEFIELD, WILLIAM, aged 84, and a resident of St. Clair county ; private Virginia Continental Line ; enrolled on January 18, 1830, under act of Congress of Marcn is, 1818, payment to date from January 18, 1830; annua: allow ance, $96; sums received to date of publication of list, $396.64. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. WICKER, ^^TLLIAM. "Died in Pike county, Ala., on Sunday, the 20th December last, Mr. WHliam Wicker. The deceased was aged 106 years. He served as a soldier in the Revolutionary war. He was in the battle of Eutaw Springs, and was engaged in several skirmishes with the British and Tories under General Marion of South Carolina." — Spirit of the South. — The Southern Advocate, HuntsvHle, March 9, 1853. As a private, particular service not being shown, he was enrolled for pension under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual aHowance, $80 ; records do not show that any payment was ever made. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. WIGINGTO'N, GEORGE, aged 73, and a resident of Pick ens county ; private N. C. State troops ; enrolled on January 9, 1834. under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $30 ; sums received to date of pubHcation of list, $90. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. WILDER, GEORGE, aged 73, and a resident of Shelby county; private Virginia Militia; enrolled on March 5, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $30. — Revolutionary Pen sion RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. Resided also in Talladega county. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. WILKINSON, JOHN, aged 82, and a resident of Wilcox county ; private "Virginia Militia ; enroHed on September 28, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $80; sums received to date of publication of list, $200. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. (401) 126 Department of Archives and History. WILLIAM, ISAAC, age not given, a resident of Greene county; captain in Cannon's regiment; enroUed on April 20, 1818, payment to date from December 26, 1813; annual allow ance, $120; sums received, $800.19; and "on account of in creased ratio of disability," rate increased to annual aUowance of $180, under which $2,137.89 received to date of publication of list. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. WILLIAMS, JOHN, aged 77, and a resident of MobHe county; private "Virginia State Troops; enroUed on Nov. 22, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $80; sums received to date of publication of list, $240. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen .Doc 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Mobile county, June 1, 1840, aged 86. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. In the Census List, however, he is given a middle name, the entry being John BaHey Williams. WILLIAMS, PETER, aged 78, and a resident of Pickens county; private S. C. Militia; enrolled on January 17, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $50 ; sums received to date of pubHcation of Hst, $150. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen." Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Pickens county, June 1, 1840, aged 86. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. WILLIAMS, SAMUEL, a resident of Covington county; private, particular service not shown; enrolled on January 15, 1836, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831, annual allowance, $80. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. He resided in Covington county, June 1, 1840, aged 86. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. WILLIAMSON, HAWLEY. "Died— On the 18th inst. [May], at his- residence in this county, in the 78th year of his age, Hawley WiHiamson, a soldier of the Revolution, and for many years a citizen of Alabama." — The Democrat, Hunts ville, May 28, 1830. WILSON, JOHN, aged 74, and a resident of Bibb county ; private Virginia MHitia ; enrolled on April 15, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $43.33 ; sums received to date of pub lication of list, $129.99. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Part 3, "Vol. xiii. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. A resident of Bibb county. (402) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 127 WILSON, JOSHUA, aged 74, and a resident of Dallas county ; private N. C. Continental Line ; enrolled on March 1, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1833, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $78.33 ; sums received to date of publication of list, $334.99. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Clarke county, June 1, 1840, aged 80. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. Also resided in Clarke county. — Pension Book, State Branch Bank, Mobile. WILSON, ROBERT, aged 76, and a resident of Morgan county; private N. C. Continental Line; enrolled on February 1, 1827, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from December 6, 1826 ; annual allowance, $96 ; sums re ceived to date of publication of list, $657.73. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. WINN, ELISHA, age not given, a resident of Madison county; private Virginia Continental Line; enrolled on July 21, 1819, under act of Congress of March 18, 1818, payment to date from April 30, 1818 ; annual allowance, $96 ; died. — Revolutionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. WINN. GALANUS, aged 74, and a resident of Madison county; private Virginia MiHtia; enroHed on December 18, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, payment to date from March 4, 1831 ; annual allowance, $43.89 ; sums received to date of pubHcation of list, $131.67. — Revolutionary Pension RoU, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 33rd Cong., 1st sess. ,1833-34. WINSTON, ANTHONY. "Captain Anthony Winston, of Hanover county, Virginia, a member of the Virginia conven tion of 1775, and a gaUant captain in the Revolutionary army, lies buried in the old Winston family burying ground just out of Sheffield, Alabama. Vol. xiii. Daughters of the American Revolution Lineage Book, states that Anthony Winston was born in Hanover county, Virginia, in 1750, married Keziah Jones and died in Alabama in 1828. He was a delegate from Buckingham county to the convention of 1775; he afterwards served in the militia and rose to the rank of captain. Brew er's Alabama says that 'he was a colonial officer of 1776 and the owner of the celebrated Portuguese giant, Peter Francisco. Capt. Winston removed first to Tennessee and subsequently settled in Madison county, Alabama, about the year 1810. He was a man of marked and elevated character.' He died in (403) 128 Department of Archives and History. 1828. He left seven sons, Anthony, John J., WHliam, Joel W., Isaac .Edmund and Thomas J., and two daughters, Mrs. John Pettus (Alice T. )and Mrs. Jesse Jones. Capt. Winston was nearly related to Patrick Henry (a first cousin) and dis tinction is hereditary in the Winston family. He has many honored descendants ; one of his grandsons was Governor John Anthony Winston of Sumter, the 'first native born governor of Alabama.' Another grandson is General Edmund Winston Pettus, now senator in the United States Congress. Another distinguished grandson was the brother of Gen. Pettus, Gover nor John J. Pettus, Ihe war governor of Mississippi. Other descendants of Capt. Anthony Winston are scattered all over the Southwest, fiHing honorable positions with credit. "The ancestry of Capt. Winston is thus given: Slaughter's St. Mark's Parish states that Isaac Winston, the most remote ancestor, was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1620. A grand son of his pursued his fortunes in Wales, where he had a large family. Three of his sons emigrated to America, and settled near Richmond, Va., in 1704. Their names were WiHiam, Isaac and James. Anthony Winston was descended from Isaac. "(1) Isaac Winston, the emigrant, married Mary Dabney and died in Hanover county in 1760, leaving six children, Wil liam, Isaac, Anthony, Lucy, Mary Ann and Sarah. Sarah was the mother of Patrick Henry. "(2) Anthony Winston (son of Isaac) married Alice, daughter of Col. James Taylor of Caroline ; issue : Sarah, died single; Capt. Anthony Winston; Alice, married Judge Ed mund Winston ; Mary. "We are indebted to Gen. Edmund Pettus, of the United States Senate, for the foHowing facts, and a copy of the in scription upon the tombstone : Sacred to the memory of Anthony Winston and Keziah his wife, He Was bom on the 15th of Nov. 1750 She On the 10th of Feb. 1760. They Were married on the llth day of Mar. 1776 She Died October 1826 and he in 1838 ( * ) (404) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 129 This tribute of respect Is Paid to the memory of the best of parents By Their grateful and Affectionate sons. "They were buried at the family burying-ground on the plantation of their son, Anthony Winston, about one mile from Tuscumbia, in Colbert county, in the direction of Shefiield. Anthony Winston, here mentioned on this tombstone, was the son of Anthony "Winston of Hanover county, Virginia, who was bom September 39th, 1733, and married February 29th, 1747, Alice Taylor, daughter of James Taylor and Alice Thornton. He was born in Hanover county, but moved in his young days to Buckingham county, Virginia. He was a captain in the Revolutionary War. He was married in 1776, and went into the army a few months afterwards. "The family has now in their possession a counterpane made of cotton which Mrs. Keziah Winston raised. She picked the cotton, spun the thread and wove the cloth, and then ornamented it by needle work like a Marseilles counter pane, whilst her husband was in the army. This old heirloom is perfectly preserved, and looks as well as it ever did but, of course, it is not used. "Anthony Winston told his grandchildren many things about the Revolutionary War, and particularly about General Washington. Some of these stories would not do to print, especially about the freedom with which 'The Father of his Country' used the English language. But in his estimation no mortal man ever approximated General Washington as a great military chieftain. Sarah Winston, of Hanover, was the sis ter of Anthony Winston, of Hjanover. She married John Henry and was the mother of Patrick Henry. Capt. Anthony Winston was sheriff of Buckingham county, Virginia, which office at that time was given to the oldest justice of the peace of the county for one term, under the law of Virginia. At that time a justice of the peace in Virginia received no pay, the principal business of that officer being to settle disputes among his neighbors without any lawsuit. "AUce Winston, the mother of Gen. Pettus, was bom in Buckingham county, Virginia, but her father moved with his family about the beginning of the last century to Davidson county, Tennessee, and owned a plantation there, about one (405) 9 RS 130 Department of Archives and History. mile from the Hermitage. John Pettus was bom in Fluvanna county, Virginia, near where Anthony Winston lived. He also moved to Davidson county, Tennessee, about the first of the last century. Alice Winston and John Pettus were married in Davidson county in 1807, and General Jackson danced at the wedding. And in the early days of Senator Pettus he was frequently at the 'Hermitage' and heard General Jackson tell of the early life of his mother and father, and of his fath er's serving in the Creek War under him." — Mrs. P. H. Mell. in Transactions of the Alabama Historical Society, Vol. iv, pp. 569-572. WOOD, JOHN, aged 89, resided in Jackson county, June 1, 1840, with Thomas Campbell. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. WOODS, THOMAS, sen., aged 76, and a resident of Dal las county; private of Cavalry S. C. Militia; enrolled on Jan uary 30, 1834, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, pay ment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $100; sums received to date of publication of list, $300. — Revolu tionary Pension Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. WRIGHT, DANIEL, aged 75, and a resident of Madison county; captain N. C. Ciontinental Line and Militia; enrolled on June 12, 1833, under act of Congress of June 7, 1832, pay ment to date from March 4, 1831; annual allowance, $480; sums received to date of publication of list, $1,200. — Revolu tionary Pension Roll, in "Vol. xiv, Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. WRIGHT, JOHN, age not given, a resident of Madison county ; private Hamilton's Mounted Gunners ; enrolled on De cember 22, 1831, payment to date from December 15, 1831; annual allowance, $24; April 24, 1816. — Revolutionary Pen sion Roll, in Vol. xiv. Sen. Doc. 514, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 1833-34. He resided in Madison county, June 1, 1840. — Cen sus of Pensioners, 1841, p. 148. WRIGHT, ROBERT. "Another Revolutionary Pa triot Ck)NE. Departed this life on the 24th inst., Robert Wright, Sr., a Patriot of the Revolution, aged 85 years and 17 days. He was a native of Amherst county, Virginia — was at the siege of York, and assisted in the capture of ComwaUis. He emigrated to Madison county, Ala., in 1808, where he con tinued until the day of his death, greatly esteemed and beloved by a large circle of friends and acquaintances.. (406) Revolutionary Soldiers in Alabama. 131 "The Southern Advocate and Richmond Enquirer are re quested to copy." — The Democrat (.HuntsviHe), March 21, 1847. YOUNG, JOHN, aged 90, resided in Wilcox county, June 1, 1840, with Samuel Young. — Census of Pensioners, 1841, p. 149. (407)