^- v*---^,^ ? ¦ ^mSr s W jSHBp^ F jWjgt ^V" VVS^^Bj :>f HIh ,•: ^^^^H ¦<& H^^^^^E .-,j D-EHB^ fcMn,lEE-,PtlBI.lSlIEIl-S, ITEW^'OBTi THE Lincoln Memorial. The Early Home of Abraham Lincoln as it now stands in Elizabeth- town, Hardin County, Kentucky NEW YORK: BUNCE & HUNTINGTON, PUBLISHERS, THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL: A RECORD OP THE LIFE, ASSASSINATION, OBSEQUIES OF THE MARTYRED PRESIDENT. EDITED BT JOHN GILMAET SHEA, LL.D., EDITOE OF THE HISTORICAL MAGAZINE, ETC. NEW TOEK: BUNCE & HUNTINGTON, 54 0 BROADWAY. 1865. X-] 0^. l6 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, By BUNOE & HUNTINGTON, In the Clerk's Oface of the District Court of the United States for the Southen District Of New York. L,. a.2. "^oo OJ PREFACE. The death of President Lincoln and the terrible circum stances attending it, his funeral rites, solemn beyond example in history, and the passage of his honored remains from city to city for thousands of miles, created too deep an impression not to make the scenes and the words spoken by the great and eloquent ia that season matters to be preserved as a record for after time and thought. To meet this feeling, the present Memorial has been com piled. Original matter has been furnished, and the fall reports of the press, in all parts of the country, freely used. Giviag a sketch of the late President's hfe, an account of his death and obsequies, the effect here and in Europe, it may be said to include all that is worthy of preservation, and, as such, is submitted to the public. CGIS'TEI^TS. I Life of Abraham Lnsrcousr , 7 His first Protest against Slavery! 15 Resolutions on the Mexican War 17 Acceptance of tne Chicago Nomination 24 Farewell Address at Springfield 26 First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1861 37 Proclamation, April 15, 1861 37 Emancipation Proclamations 41, 43 Amnesty Proclamatron , 45 Second Inaugural Address, March 4, 1865 49 II. Assassination and Last Moments of the PeebiDbnt 53 Major Kathbone's Account 61 Miss Harris's Accoimt 63 Captain McGowan's Account 65 Hon. M. B. Field's account of the death 69 HI. The Effect on the Country 73 The World Editorial 76 Speech Of General Butler 81 Speech Of Hon. Daniel S. Dickinson 83 Speech of Ex. President Pierce 85 Sermon of Rev. Dr, Gurley on Easter Sunday 88 Sermon of Rev. Henry W. Bellows 90 Sermon of Archbishop McCloskey 99 Sermon of Rev. Henry Ward Beecher 101 rV. The Fdneral at Washington 109 Prayer of Bishop Simpson 117 Faith in Gtod, a Sermon on the Death of the President, by the Rev. P. D. Gurley, D. D 120 Prayer by Dr. Gray 127 Order of the Procession 129 Prayer by Dr. Gurley at the Capitol 136 v. Funeral Obsertances in Other Cities .- 139 Circulars of Bishops 141 Address of Ralph W. Emerson, at Concord 146 Address of General Banks at New Orleans 156 VI. The Funeral Coictege. from Washington to SPBiNaFiBU) . . 161 Prayers of Rev. Dr. Gurley 164^5 Obsequies in Baltimore 169 0 CONTENTS. Obsequies at Harrisburg 173 Obsequies at Philadelphia 174 Obsequies at New Tork 180 The Procession 187 * Services at Union Square 198 Oration by Hon George Bancroft 199 Ode by William C. Bryant. 205 Progress of the Funeral from New York to Albany 306 Progress of the Funeral from Albany to Columbus 212 Obsequies at Columbus 313 Obsequies at Chicago 218 vn. The Rites at Springfield 323 The Dirge 228 Pimeral Oration by Bishop Simpson 229 Funeral Hymn 239 Vlll. The Effect of the Assassination in Europe 343 Language ofthe English Press 245 Proceedings in Parliament 253 Remarks of Earl Russell 358 Bemaiks of Earl Derby 256 Remarks of Sir George Grey 359 Effect in France 363 . Article by Henri Martin, the Historian 363 Proceedings in the Corps Legislatif 264 Effect in Italy 267 Effect in Belgium 267 Effect in Prussia 368 IX. Poems 271 Abraham Lincoln, an Horatian Ode by R. H. Stoddard 273 Abraham Lincoln, Foully Assassinated, April 14th, 1865, from the London Pimch 379 X. The Assassin and His End 281 LIFE OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN. Hk filled the Nation's eye and heart, An honored, loved, familiar name; So much a brother, tliat his fame Beemcd of our lives a common part His towering figure, sharp and spare, Was with such nervous tension strung. As if on each strained sinew swung The burden of a people's care. His changing face what pen can draw? Pathetic, kindly, droll, or stern ; And with a glance so quick to learn The inmost truth of all he saw. Pride found no idle space to spawn Her fancies in his busy mind ; His worth— like health or air — could flnd No just appraisal till withdrawn. He was his Country's— not his own I He had no wish bnt for her weal ; Nor for himself could think or feel But as a laborer for her throne. ' Her flag upon the heights of power, Stainless and unassailed to place- To this one end his earnest face "Was sent through every burdened hour. Charles '64, nominated him for President, and Andrew John son, another self-made Southem man, for Vice-President, On the 29th of August, in the same year, a Democratic Con vention at Chicago nominated General George B. McClellan for the Presidency, and George H. Pendleton, of Oliio, for Vice- President, with a platform which General McClellan virtuaUy repudiated. Meanwhile Grant, after reducing Vicksburg and opening the Mississippi by the fall of Port Hudson, had proceeded to Tennessee, and taking in hand the army there, driven the rebels from before Chattanooga, Appointed Lieutenant-General, he forced Lee back to Richmond, while his able lieutenant, Sher man, forced Bragg back to Atlanta. The rebellion began to totter. A foAV Southem leaders in Canada endeavored to open negotiations for terms. Their advances elicited this char acteristic reply : " Executive Mansion, Washington, July 18, 1864. " To whom, it may concern : Any proposition which embraces the restoration of peace, the integrity of the Union, and the abandon. ment of slavery, and which comes by and with authority that can control the armies now at war against the United States, will be received and considered by the Executive Government of the United States, and will be met by liberal terms on other substantial and collateral points, and the bearers thereof shall have safe conduct both ways. " Abraham Lincoln." The Presidential election took place upon the eighth of No vember, 1864, and it resulted in the triumph of Mr, Lincoln in every loyal State except Kentucky, New Jersey, and Delaware. The official returns for the entire vote polled summed up 4,034,789. LIFE OP ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 49 Of these Mr. Lincoln received 2,223,035, and McClellan re ceived 1,811,754, leaving a majority of 411,281 on the popular vote, Mr, Lincoln was elected by a pluraUty in 1860, In 1864 his majority was decided and unmistakable. The covert attempt to negotiate having failed, the rebels in February, 1865, applied directly for permission to send their Vice-President, Stephens of Georgia, R. M. T. Hunter of Vir ginia, and J, A, Campbell of Alabama, through the lines as quasi Commissioners to treat for peace. It had been distinctly stated that no recognition of the Southern Confederacy by the general Government must be expected ; still the envoys wished to come, and President Lincoln proceeded to Fortress Monroe then, on the steamer River Queen, The conference led to no results. The envoys made the recognition indispensable, while Mr, Lincoln, in his friendly and genial conversation with them, as firmly insisted that he could not for a moment entertain it. On the 4th of March Mr, Lincoln was inaugurated for a sec ond term of four years, to which he had been chosen by so pre ponderating a vote of confidence. The day was rainy, and the ceremonies began in the Senate Chamber, A few moments be fore twelve o'clock, the official procession entered the chamber. First, came the members of the Supreme Court, who took seats on the right of the Vice-President's chair. Soon after Mr, Lincoln entered, escorted by Vice-President Hamlin, and foUowed by the members of the cabinet, the chiefs of the di plomatic corpSjOfficers of the army and navy who have received the thanks of Congress, Governors, &c. Vice-President Hamlin briefly took leave of the Senate, and his successor, with the Senators elect to the Thirty-Ninth Con gress, were then sworn in. After this the official procession was formed and moved to the platform in front of the portico of the eastern front of the Capitol, where the ceremony of in auguration was concluded. After being welcomed with en thusiastic cheers, Mr. Lincoln pronounced the following in augural : " Fellow Countrymen : At this second appearing to take the oath of the Presidential office, there is less occasion for an extended ad dress than there was at the first. Then a statement somewhat in detail of a course to be pursued seemed fitting and proper. Now, at the expiration of four years, during which public declarations 4 50 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. have been constantly called forth on every point and phase of the great contest which still absorbs the attention and engrosses the energies of the Nation, little that is new could be presented. " The progress of our arms, upon which all else chiefly depends, is as well known to the public as to myself, and it is, I trust, reason ably satisfactory and encouraging to all. With high hope for the future, no prediction in regard to it is ventured. " On the occasion corresponding to this four years ago, all thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending civil war. All dreaded it ; all sought to avoid it. While the Inaugural Address was being delivered from this place, devoted altogether to samng the Union without war, insurgent agents were in this city seeking , to destroy it without war — seeking to dissolve the Union and des troy its effects by negotiation. Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish ; and the war came. " One-eighth of the whole population were colored slaves, not dis tributed generally over the Union, but localized in the Southern part of it. These slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest. All knew that this interest was somehow the cause of the war. To strengthen, perpetuate and extend this interest was the object for which the insurgents would rend the Union even by war, while the Government claimed no right to do more than to restrict the terri torial enlargement of it. " Neither party, expected for the war the magnitude or the duration which it has already attained. Neither anticipated that the cav,se might cease with or even before the conflict should cease. Each looked for an easier triumph and a result less fundamental and as tounding. " Both read the same Bible and pray to the same God, and each in vokes his aid against the other. It may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just God's assistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men's faces ; but let us judge not, that we be not judged. The prayers of both could not be answered — that of neither has been answered fully. The Almighty has His own pur poses. ' Woe unto the world because of offences, for it must needs be that offences come; but woe to the man by whom the offence cometh.' If we shall suppose that American slavery is one of these offences, which in the providence of God must needs come, but which having continued through His appointed time, He now wills to remove, and that He gives to both North and South this terrible war as the woe due to those by whom the oflencos came, ahall wo disceru therein LIFE OF ABRABHAM LINCOLN. 51 any departure from these Divine attributes which the believers in a living God always ascribe to Him? " Fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away. Yet, if God wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the bondman's two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and till every drop of blood drawn with the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago, so, still it must be said, that the judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether. " With malice towards none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right, as .God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and his orphans ; to do all that may achieve and cherish a just and a lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations." The oath of office was then administered by Chief-Justice Chase and the re-inaugurated President escorted back to the White House, On the 24th of March Mr. Lincoln went again to the penin sula to See the close of Grant's campaign. Petersburg was as saulted before his eyes, and while at City Point, April 2d, Richmond, the Rebel capital fell into our hands. The Presi dent immediately proceeded to the city, entering it in triumph, and in the evening held a levee in the late residence of Jeffer son Davis. This was his hour of joy unmingled. His anxious hours of care seemed now to be fast closing and brighter days arising. His return to Washington had nothing to dampen this joy. The news of Lee's surrender followed soon after, and on the eventful 14th of April, 1865, the day appointed for raising once more the old flag at Sumter, while awaiting the tidings of Johnson's capture his life was brought to a sudden and startling close. II. ASSASSINATION AND LAST MOMENTS. **Forgwe them., for tliey know not what they do P* He said, and so went shriven to his fate — Unknowing went, that generous heart and true. Even while he spoke the slayer lay in wait, And when the morning opened Heaven^'s gate There passed the whitest soul a nation knew. Henceforth all thoughts of pardon are too late; They, in whose cause that arm its weapon drew, Have murdered Mkkoy. Now alone shall stand Blind JusTiOK, with the sword unsheathed she wore. Hark, from the eastern to the western strand. The swelling thunder ofthe people's roar: What words they murmur — Fettbk not iike hand! So LET IT SMITR, 8U0H DKEDS BUALL BR NO HORB 1 Edmund C. Stedman^ II. THE ASSASSIRATION AND LAST MOMENTS OF THE PRESIDENT. Friday, the fourteenth day of April, will ever stand a me morable day in the American annals. Without reflecting on its being a day set apart in many Christian denominations to commemorate in prayer and recollection the death of the Saviour, it had been at first announced as a day for public re joicing, for it was the anniversary of the evacuation of Fort Sumter by Major Anderson, that opening scene of the terrible civil war, which now seemed closed. Grant's generalship had driven Lee from Richmond and forced him to surrender, while Sherman, who had succeeded to his Western array, had driven Johnson back, scattered his army when under Hood, and swept around through Georgia and South Carolina into North Caro lina, near enough to visit Grant, The war was over, and General Anderson on this eventful day, amid the thunder of cannon and the thundering cheers of loyal hearts, had again raised his flag over the ruins of Sumter. President Lincoln was already planning ways of peace. The pseudo Confederacy, as an organization, was gone. Its last great army was at bay. The reduction of the national army, the diminution of the heavy expenditures, the restoration of the Southern States, the healing up of the wounds of the ter rible strife, such were the thoughts and cares of the great and good man when he was suddenly cut down by the hand of a cowardly assassin, who struck from behind, for it has been well said, that no one could have looked Abraham Lincoln in the face and done the deed. For success in the accomplishment of the deadly purpose, for the ease with which the crime was perpetrated and the 56 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. murderer's escape effected, the act is almost without a parallel. In the presence of hundreds, the chief of a great nation was murdered in an instant, and for a long time no trace vof the re cognized assassin could be found, although he must have gal loped in the dead hour of night past officers and sentries appa rently unquestioned and unchecked. A plot, the whole extent and ramifications of which are not yet made known, had long been formed to assassinate the Pre sident and the prominent members of the Cabinet. Origi nating apparently in the Confederate government, this act, with others, such as the attempt to fire New York, the St. Al ban's raid, the seizure of vessels on the lakes and at sea, was confided to an association of army officers, who when sent on these errands were said to be on detached service. There is direct proof of Booth's actual consultation with officers known to belong to this organ'zation, during Lee's retreat from Get tysburg. The assassination of the President was a thing so commonly talked of in the South that it excited at last no sur prise, and one of the Southern papers actually offered a re ward for the assassination of the President, Vice-President, and Secretary of State. The documents already come to light show that a previous attempt to take the life of Mr. Lincoln, by poison, was made, but failed. Then parties were sent and employed to do the work surely. To John Wilkes Booth, lured apparently by a high reward, the great act was committed. The threats of assassination had at first induced care on the part of the authorities. At the time of the first inauguration steps were taken to prevent the consummation of any such ne farious design. Gradually, however, these threats were treated lightly, and less precautions were taken. Warning had been conveyed to Mr. Seward on the day that an accident laid him a sufferer on his bed of pain, but without inducing any unusual caution or watchfulness. The visit of the President to Richmond, where he walked unattended, had seemed to some too rash, and friends remon strated against his thus imperilling a life on which all America had a claim. On the very day of his death he wrote to General Van Alen : " I intend to adopt the advice , of my friends and use due precaution." ASSASSINATION AND DYING MOMENTS. .')( But the time and place of the terrible crime were at last de cided upon by the band of hired assassins. One of the chief theatres of Washington was directed by John T. Ford, wlio had placed the State Box. as it was called, at the disposal of President Lincoln. Mr. Ford seems to have been no party to the plot, although from his former association with the riotous class of Baltimore suspicion may have been at first excited. The 14th was to be the benefit of Miss Laura Keene, and the President with General Grant and other prominent men had been invited and were expected to be present. Whether this invitation was part of the plot or merely furnished the oppor tunity remains to be seen. Be that as it may, the theatre was prepared for the fearful deed. The private box adjoined the dress circle, and had two doors, as it was at times by a partition converted into two boxes : these doors opened into a dark passage, closed by a door at the end of the dress circle. During the day, or previously, John Wilkes Booth, or his accomplice, Spangler, the stage car penter, had bored gimlet holes in the box doors, enlarged by a pen-knife on the inside sufficiently to enable him to survey the position of the parties within at the moment of action. The hasps of the locks, which were on the inside of the box doors had been weakened hy partly withdrawing the screws, so that a man could easily press them open, if locked. These were not the only preparations. The very arrange ment of the chairs and sofa in the box was evidently part of the plan, and the work of Booth or a confederate among those employed in the theatre. It gave an unobstructed passage from the door to the President, throvring the others at a con siderable distance from him, and in positions not to observe an entrance. Mr. Lincoln's chair was placed in the front corner of the box, furthest from the stage ; that of Mrs. Lincoln was more remote from the front, and just by the column in the centre. The other chair and a sofa were placed at the side nearest the stage, leaving' the centre of the box clear for the assassin's operations, and enabling bim to enter unseen. They had also provided a board to prevent the passage door from being opened from the outside in case any attempt was to follow him, and they had made a secret niche in the opposite wall to receive the end of the board not braced against the 58 . LINCOLN MEMORIAL. door. For the criminal act Booth selected a small silver mounted Derringer pistol and a bowie knife. He had long shown a nicked bullet with which he declared that he in tended to kill the President, and during a, recent visit to Boston spent much of his time at the pistol gallery of Floyd and Ed wards, on Chapman Place, practising firing behind his neck, between his legs, and in many strange and awkward positions. For his escape he had no less carefuUy provided. He took a stable in the alley in the rear of the theatre, and on the after noon of Friday hired of James Pumphrey a fine bay mare, and taking it to the stable employed Spangler, the stage car penter, to watch it. It was saddled and ready to mount, as he had oi'dered the bridle not to be taken off; he put his horse in charge of Spangler, who promised to give him all aid in his power, and who prepared the scenes so that he could readily reach the back door. . Of this door Spangler took charge, relieving the boy who was sent to hold Booth's horse during the performance. An illegitimate son of the celebrated English actor Booth, John Wilkes had inherited a small share of his father's talent and more than his madness. His wild and dissipated life, his unsteadiness and low associations, had lost him the counte nance of most of his friends, but no importance was attached to his boasts and threats. In Washington, however, from his dress and manners he was received into social circles from which his life should have excluded him for ever. He was, therefore, a man as little likely to excite suspicion as anyone that could have been selected. The assassin spent most of Friday in a very excited manner, drinking frequently at the bar of a saloon next-door to the theatre. During the afternoon, he called at the Kirkwood House, where Vice-President Johnson resided, and sent up a card, with these words ; " I don't wish to disturb you, but would be glad to have an interview. " J, WiLKKs Booth,'" Mr, Johnson was fortunately not within, and to this, prob ably, owes his life. It seems strange that Booth should have ASSASSINATION AND DYING MOMENTS. 59 attempted this crime while arranging for the other, but the one deputed to kill the Vice-President seems to have become alarmed, and Booth, after failing to reach Mr. Johnson, re turned to his hotel about four o'clock, and wrote a letter to his mother, apparently under great excitement. He took his tea at the hotel at the usual hour, and then proceeded to the theatre. Colored people living on the alley saw him in con ference with Spangler, and placing his horse in position after the hour when the performance commenced. Others saw him around the entrance soon after. An officer, as we shall see, saw him enter the passage leading to the State Box, but nei ther the police in front, the soldier who overheard his language full of menace against the President, nor the officer whom his apparent rudeness shocked, nor the President's own attendant, seemed to have had the slightest suspicion of the coming tra gedy, No angel whispered a word of warning. Providence permitted the lull of security to surround all. But we will now follow President Lincoln in the events of the day which closed his mortal career with such appalling suddenness. His son. Captain Robert Lincoln, who is on General Grant's staff, breakfasted with him on Friday morning, having just returned from the capitulation of Lee, and the President passed a happy hour listening to all the details. While at breakfast, he heard that Speaker Colfax was in the house, and sent word that he wished to see him immediately in the reception-room. He conversed with him nearly an hour about his future policy as to the rebellion, which he was about to submit to the cab inet. Afterward, he had an interview with Mr. Hale, minister to Spain, and several senators and representatives. At eleven o'clock, the cabinet and General Grant met with him ; and, in one of the most satisfactory and important cab inet meetings held since his first inauguration, the future policy of the administration in the great work of reconstruction, and restoring the Southern States to their ancient place beside their sister States, was harmoniously and unanimously agreed on. When it adjourned. Secretary Stanton said he felt that the government was stronger than at any previous period since the rebellion commenced ; and the President is said, in his characteristic way, to have told them that some 60 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. important news would soon come, as he had had a dream of a ship sailing very rapidly, and had invariably had that same dream before great events in the war. Bull Run, Antietam, Gettysburg, &c. In the afternoon, the President had a long and pleasant in terview with Governor Oglesby, Senator Yates, and other leading citizens of his State. In the evening, Mr. Colfax called again at his request, and Mr. Ashmun, of Massachusetts, who presided over the Chicago Convention of 1860, was present. To them he spoke of his visit to Richmond, and when they stated that there was much uneasiness at the North while he was at the rebel capital, for fear that some traitor might shoot him, he replied jocularly that he would have been alarmed himself if any other person had been President, and gone there, but that he did not feel any danger whatever. Conversing on a matter of business with Mr. Ashmun, he made a remark that he saw Mr. Ashmun was surprised at; and immediately, with his well-known kindness of heart, said, " Yon did not understand me, Ashmun ; I did not mean what you inferred, and I will take it all back, and apologize for it." He afterwards gave Mr. Ashmun a card, written on his knee, to admit himself and friend early the next morning to converse further about it. Turning to Mr. Colfax, he said, " You are going with Mrs. Lincoln and me to the theatre, I hope," But Mr, Colfax had other engagements, expecting to , leave the city the next morning. He then said to Mr, Colfax, " Mr. Sumner has the gavel of the Confederate Congress, which he got at Richmond to hand to the Secretary of war, but I insisted then that he must give it to you ; and you tell him for me to hand it over," Mr. Ashmun alluded to the gavel which he still had, and which he had used at the Chicago Convention, and the President and Mrs. Lincoln, who was also in the parlor, rose to go to the theatre. It was half an hour after the time they had intended , to start, and they spoke about waiting half an hour longer, for the President went with reluctance, as General Grant had gone north, and he did not wish the people to be disappointed, as they had both been advertised to be there. Mr, Lincoln finally stated that he must go to the theatre, and ASSASSINATION AJJD DYING MOMENTS. 61 warmly pressed Speaker Colfax and Mr. Ashmun to accompany him ; but they excused themselves on the score of previous en gagements. At about 8 p. M., Mr. and Mrs. Lincoln started for the carriage, the latter taking the arm of Mr. Ashmun, and the President and Mr. Colfax walking together. As soon as the President and Mrs. Lincoln were seated in the carriage, the latter gave orders to the coachman to drive around to Senator Harris' residence for Miss Harris. As the carriage rolled away they both said "good-by, good-by," to Messrs, Ashmun and Colfax, and the carriage had in a moment more disappeared from the grounds in front of the White House. As they proceeded at once to the residence of Senator Harris, we caimot give an account more detailed or authentic than that delivered under oath by Major Rathbone, the step-son of the Hon. Mr. Harris, and which Miss Harris confirms in every particular. " Henry E. Rathbone, Brevet Major in the Army of the United States, being duly sworn, says, that on the 14th day of April, in stant, at about twenty-minutes past eight o'clock in the evening, he, with Miss Clara H. Harris, left his residence at the corner of Fifteenth and H streets, and joined the President and Mrs. Lincoln and went with them in their carriage to Ford's Theatre in Tenth street. The box assigned to the President is in the second tier on the right-hand side of the audience, and was occupied by the Presi dent and Mrs. Lincoln, Miss Harris, and this deponent, and by no other person. The box is entered by passing from the front of the building in the rear of the dress circle to a small entry or passage. way, about eight feet in length and four feet in width. This pas sageway is entered by a door which opens on the inner side. The door is so placed as to make an acute angle between it and the wall behind it on the inner side. At the inner end of this passage way is another door, standing squarely across, and opening into the box. On the left-hand side of the passageway, and being near the inner end, is a third door, which also opens into the box. This latter door was closed. The party entered the box through the door at the end of thepassageway. The box is so constructed that it may be divided into two by a movable partition, one of the doors described opening into each. The front of the box is about ten or twelve feet in length, and in the centre of the railing is a small pill'ar overhung with a curtain. The depth of the box from front 62 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. to rear is about nine feet. The elevation of the box above the stage, including the railing, is about ten or twelve feet. " When the party entered the box, a cushioned arm chair was standing at the end of the box furthest from the stage and nearest the audience. This was also the nearest point to the door by which the box is entered. The President seated himself in this chair, and, except that he once left the chair for the purpose of putting on his dvercoat, remained so seated until he was shot. Mrs. Lincoln was seated in a chair between the President and the pillar in the centre above described. At the opposite end of the box, that nearest the stage, were two chairs, in one of these, standing in the corner. Miss Harris was seated. At her left hand, and along the wall running from that end of the box to the rear, stood a small sofa. At the end of this sofa, next to Miss Harris, this deponent was seated. The distance between this deponent and the President, as they were sitting, was about seven or eight feet, and the distance between this deponent and the door was about the same. The distance be^ tween the President, as he sat, and the door was about four or five feet. The door, according to the recollection of this deponent, was not closed during the evening. " When the second scene of the third act was being performed, and this deponent was intently observing the proceedings upon the stage, with his back towards the door, he heard the discharge of a pistol behind him, and looking around, saw through the smoke a man between the door and the President. At the same time depo nent heard him shout some word which deponent thinks was ' Free dom.' This deponent instantly sprang towards him and seized him. He wrested himself from the grasp and made a violent thrust at the breast of deponent with a large knife. Deponent parried the blow by striking it up, and received a wound several inches deep in his left arm between the elbow and the shoulder. The orifice of the wound is about an inch and a half in length, and extends up wards towards the shoulder several inches. The man rushed to the front of the box and deponent endeavored to seize him again, but only caught his clothes as he was leaping over the railing of the box. The clothes, as deponent believes, were torn in this attempt to seize him. As he went over upon the stage, deponent cried out with a loud voice, ' Stop that man.' Deponent then turned to the President. His position was not changed. His head was slightly bent forward and his eyes were closed. Deponent saw that he was unconscious, and, supposing him mortally wounded, rushed to the door for the purpose of calling medical aid. On reaching the outer door of the passageway as above described, deponent found" it ASSASSINATION AND DYING MOMENTS. 63 barred by a heavy piece of plank, one end of which was secured iu the wall and the other rested against the door. It had been so securely fastened that it required considerable force to remove it. This wedge or bar was about four feet from the floor. Persons upon the outside were beating against the door for the purpose of entering. Deponent removed the bar and the door was opened. Several persons who represented themselves to be surgeons were allowed to enter. Deponent saw there Colonel Crawford, and re quested him to prevent other persons from entering the box. De ponent then returned to the box' and found the surgeons examining the President's person. They had not yet discovered the wound. As soon as it was discovered it was determined to remove him from the theatre. He was carried out, and this deponent then pro ceeded to assist Mrs. Lincoln, who was intensely excited, to leave the theatre. On reaching the head of the stairs deponent requested Major Potter to aid him in assisting Mrs. Lincoln across the street to the house to which the President was being conveyed. The wound which deponent had received had been bleeding very pro fusely, and, on reaching the house, feeling very faint from the loss of blood, he seated himself in the hall, and soon after fainted away and was laid upon the floor. Upon the return of consciousness de ponent was taken in a carriage to his residence. " In the review of the transaction, it is the confident belief of the deponent that the time which elapsed between the discharge of the pistol and the time when the assassin leaped from the box, did not exceed thirty seconds. Neither Mrs. Lincoln nor Miss Harris had left their seats." H. E. Eathbone. Subscribed and sworn before nie ] this 17th day of April, 1865, j A. B. Olin, Justice of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia. District of Columbia, City of Washington, ss : " Clara H: Harris, being duly sworn, says, that she has read the foregoing afiBdavit of Major Eathbone, and knows the contents thereof ; that she was present at Ford's Theatre with the President and Mrs. Lincoln, and Major Eathbone, on the evening of the 14th of April, instant; that at the time she heard the discharge of the pistol she was attentively engaged in observing what was transpir ing upon the stage, and looking around she saw Major Rathbone spring from his seat and advance to the opposite side of the box; that she saw him engaged as if in a struggle with another man, but (34. LINCOLN MEMORIAL. the smoke with which he was enveloped prevented this deponent from seeing distinctly the other man ; that the first time she saw him distinctly was when he leaped from the box upon the stage ; that she then heard Major Eathbone cry out, ' Stop that man,' and this deponent then immediately repeated the cry, ' Stop that man,' 'Won't somebody stop that man V A moment after, some one from the stage asked, 'What is it?' or ' What is the matter ?' and de ponent replied, 'The President is shot.' Very soon after two per sons, one wearing the uniform of a naval surgeon and the other that of a soldier of the Veteran Eeserve Corps, came upon the stage, and the deponent assisted them in climbing up to the box. , " And this deponent further says, that the facts stated in the fore going affidavit, so far as the same came to the knowledge or notice of the deponent, are accurately stated therein. "Claka H. Habris." Subscribed and sworn before me, ) this llth day of April, 1865, ) A. B. Olin, Justice of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia. Such is the account of the brief but tragic act given by one within the box. One of the actors at the moment on the stage, makes the following statement, showing what was seen from his position, and he was the only one of the company on the stage, at the time. Miss Laura Keane being about to enter : " I was," says Mr. Hawke, " playing ' Asa Trenchard,' in the Ameri can Cousin.' The ' old lady' of the theatre had just gone off the stage, and I was answering her exit speech when I heard the shot fired. I turned, looked up at the President's box, heard the man exclaim ' Sic semper tyrannis,' saw him jump from the box, seize the flag on the staff, and drop to the stage ; he slipped when he gained the stage, ])ut got upon his feet in a moment, brandished a large knife, saying ' The South shall be free 1' turned his face in the direction I stood, and I recognized him as John Wilkes Booth. He ran towards me, and I, seeing the knife, thought I was the one he was after, ran off the stage and up a flight of stairs. He made his escape out of a door, directly in the rear of the theatre, mounted a horse and rode off. " The above all occurred in the space of a quarter of a minute, and, at the time, I did not know that the President was shot ; al though if I had tried to stop him, he would have stabbed me." ASSASSINATION AND DYING MOMENTS. 65 Few of the audience had any idea of what was occurring, but Captain Theodore McGowan, A. A.G. to General Augur, makes this statement : "On the night of Friday, April 14, 1865, in company with a friend I went to Ford's theatre. Arriving there just after the en trance of President Lincoln and the party accompanying him, my friend Lieutenant Crawford, and I, after viewing the Presidential party from the opposite side of the dress circle, went to the right side, and took seats in the passage above the seats of the dress circle, and about five feet from the door of the box occupied by President Lin coln. During the performance, the attendant of the President came out and took the chair nearest the door. I sat, and had been sit ting, about four feet to his left and rear, for some time. " I remember that a man, whose face I do not distinctly recollect, passed me, and inquired of one sitting near who the President's messenger was, and learning, exhibited to him an envelope, appar ently official, having a printed heading, and superscribed in a bold hand. I could not read the address, and did not try. / think now it was meant for Lieutenant-Oeneral Grant. That man went away. " Some time after I was disturbed in my seat by the approach of a man who desired to pass up on the aisle in which I was sitting. Giving him room by bending my chair forward, he passed me, and stepped one step down on the level below me. Standing there, he was almost in my line of sight, and I saw him, while watching the play. He stood, as I remember, one step above the messenger, and remained perhaps one minute apparently looking at the stage and orchestra below. Then he drew a number of visiting cards from his pocket, from which, with some attention, he drew or se lected one. These things I saw distinctly. I saw him stoop, and I think, descend to the level of the messenger, and by his right side. He showed the card to the messenger, and as my attention was then more closely fixed upon the play, I do not know whether the card was carried in by the messenger, or his consent given to the entrance of the man who presented it. I saw, a few moments after, the same man entering the door of the lobby leading to the box and the door closing behind him. This was seen because I could not fail from my position to observe it ; the door side of the proscenium box and the stage were all within the direct and oblique lines of my sight. How long I watched the pla-- after entering I do not know. It was, perhaps, two or three minutes, possibly four. The house was perfectly still, the large audience listening to the dialogue between ' Florence Trenchard' and ' May Meredith,' when 5 66 ASSASSINATION AND DYING MOMENTS. the sharp report of a pistol rang through the house. It was appar ently fired behind the scenes, on the right of the stage. Looking to wards it and behind the Presidential box, while it startled all, it was evidently accepted by every one in the theatre as an introduction to some new passage, several of which had been interpolated in the early part of the play. A moment after a man leaped from the front of the box, directly down nine feet on the stage, and ran rapidly across it, bare-headed, holding an unsheathed dagger in his right hand, the blade of which flashed brightly in the gaslight as he came vrithin ten feet of the opposite rear exit. I did not see his face as he leaped or ran, but I am convinced he was the man I saw en ter. As he leaped he cried distinctly the motto of Virginia, ' Sic Semper Tyvannis.' The hearing of this and the sight of the dagger explained fully to me the nature of the deed he had committed. In an instant he had disappeared behind the side scene. Consternation seemed for a moment to rivet every one to his seat, the next mo ment confusion reigned supreme. I saw the features of the man distinctly before he entered the box, having surveyed him contempt uously before he entered, supposing him to be an ill-bred fellow who was pressing a selfish matter on the President in his hours of leisure. The assassin of the President is about five feet nine and a half inches high, black hair, and I think eyes of the same color. He did not turn his face more than quarter front, as artists term it. His face was smooth, as I remember, with the exception of a moustache of moderate size, but of this I am not positive. He was dressed in a black coat, approximating to a dress frock, dark pants, and wore a stiff-rimmed, flat-topped round crowned black hat of felt, I think. He was a gentlemanly looking person, having no decided or obtruding mark. He seemed for a moment or two to survey the house with the deliberation of an habitue of the theatre." Several had observed Booth around the entrance of the theatre and the boxes, but neither this nor his leaving his horse in the rear, from his profession and actual occasional appearance on the boards of the theatre, could or did excite the sUghtest suspicion. A soldier, however, states that he heard him and another man in front of the theatre, spealdng as though they intended to attack the President as he came out : he states too that men stationed apparently at intervals, kept caUing out the time every few minutes, evidently to notify confederates in the rear. All the preparations however, show that the box was the place appointed in the councils of the conspirators. LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 37 At the moment of the fearful deed the President was seated in a large and comfortable crimson velvet patent rocking-chair, his right elbow upon the arm of the chair, and his head resting upon his hand. The left hand was extended to puU aside the flag (belonging to the Treasury Guard), which draped the side of the box nearest him. His eyes were directed towards the or chestra, a kindly smile upon his face. At this instant the as sassin bm"st open the door immediately behind the President, and deliberately shot him, as already stated. It was all the work of a moment ! The flash of the pistol, the curl ing of the smoke, were scarce noticed, when the murderer was seen to spring from the box on the stage beneath, some twelve feet distant. As the intruder struck the stage, he fell forward, but soon gathered himself up and turned, erect, in fuU view of the audience. With singular audacity the assassin stood there long enough to photograph himself forever even in the minds of those among the thi'ong who had never seen him be fore. They saw a sUm, graceful flgure, elegantly clad, waving a dagger with a gesture that none but a tragedian by profession would have made ; a classic face, pale as marble, lighted up by two gleaming eyes — which had made crowds shudder often in past days when Gloster struggled with death in mimic phrensy — and surmounted by waves of curUng, jet black hair. The as sassin, with calmness which only could come of careful premed itation, uttered the words, " Sic Semper Tyrannis'^ in tones so sharp and clear that every person in the theatre heard them. He said something more, but in that second of time Mrs, Lin coln had screamed in horror, the unusual occurrences had created an excitement, the audience begun to rise, and no one heard the words distinctly. Booth, who already heard his name pronounced by a score of lips, waited for no further bravado, but rushed across the stage, by Dundreary, by .Flor ence Trenchard, at the wing, rudely pushing Miss Keane out of his way, as she stood ready to come upon the stage, down the long passage behind the scenes, thrusting his knife at a man who seemed to inteiTupt his ffight, and out by the stage door into the darkness. Only one man, Mr, J. B. Stewart, of the Washington bar, had presence of mind to pursue him ; but un familiar with the theatre, Booth reached the back door before him, and closing it, was enabled to thrust aside the boy and 68 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. spring to his saddle, before Mr. Stewart could open it. All was instan ( Iy confusion in front. Both before and behind the scenes every one knew that the President had been shot. Actors rushed upon the stage, and the audience into the orchestra. Mr. Lin coln had sunk down without a groan or a struggle, Mrs. Lin coln had fainted after her first shriek — Major Rathbone was disabled by a stab which Booth's knife had given him in the struggle — Miss Harris was bewildered by the sudden and fear ful occurrence. The audience surged to and fro in frantic ex citement. Some attempted to climb up the supports and into the box. Then came those clear and distinct tones of Laura Keene, first in the theatre to understand and appreciate the emergency : — " Keep quiet in your seats — ^give him air," In another moment certain gentlemen found presence of mind to order the throng to leave the theatre. The gas was turned down. The crowd at last animated by an impulse pushed for the outer doors. As the news spread through the city, another horror feU upon all. It was announced that, simultaneously with the tragic events at Ford's theatre, and, as near as can be ascertained, at the precise moment, another fiend entered the house of Secre tary Seward, after some parleying with the servants, and, it seems, there dealt out his blows in all directions. Some six or seven persons who were in attendance upon the famUy during the night have made their positive statements of the manner in which the assault was made here. It is well estab lished that Payne, the assassin, applied at Seward's residence as the pretended bearer of a prescription of medicine. Having succeeded in evading the servant at the door, he rushed to Seward's chamber, but was confronted by Frederick Seward, when he had quite a parley for a moment about the medicine which he had been directed to deliver in person. Finding that he could not succeed in that way, he made an attack upon Frederick Seward. The desperado was a large and powerful man. He was determined to enter the bedchamber, and drew his pistol and snapped it twice, but did not succeed in discharg ing it. He struck Seward twice upon the head with such force •that it not only felled him to the floor, and crushed the skull in two or three places, but also breaking the pistol, separating the chamber from the barrel. He then immediately rushed into ASSASSINATION AND DYING MOMENTS. 69 the room, and applied his knife to Secretary Seward, who was lying prostrate in bed. It is evident, from the wounds, that he tried to cut the Secretary's throat. He succeeded in inflicting severe gashes upon his face, laying open both cheeks ; but his blows were partially warded off by the bedclothes about the Secretary's neck, and by the additional fact that Mr. Seward roUed out upon the floor. A soldier, acting as nurse, mean while sprung upon the assassin. He stabbed the soldier in the side, and succeeded in breaking away, and, after wounding Major Seward, another son of the Secretary, and an attendant, succeeded in making his escape from the house, mounted his horse and rode away, shouting, like Booth, " Sic Semper Tyran nis /" as he sprang into the saddle. The surgeons who entered found Mr, Lincoln insensible, and were satisfled the wound was mortal. They immediately pre pared to carry the body from the box, and it was with difficulty borne out of the theatre and across the street to the house of a Mr. Petersen. The Hon, M. B. Field, Assistant-Secretary of the Treasury, in a letter, thus describes the place andsad scene enacted there : — I proceeded at once to the room in which the President was lying, which was a bedroom in an extension, on the flrst or parlor floor of the house. The room is small, and is ornamented with prints, a very familiar one of Landseer's, a white horse, being prominent, directly over the bed. The bed was a double one, and I found the President lying diagonally across it, with his head at the outside: The pillows were saturated with blood, and there was considerable ' blood upon the floor immediately under him. There was a patch work coverlet thrown over the President, which was only so far re moved, from time to time, as to enable the physicians in attendance to feel the arteries of the neck or the heart, and he appeared to have been divested of all clothing. His eyes were closed and injected with blood, both the lids and the portion surrounding the eyes being as black as if they had been bruised by violence. He was breath ing regularly, but with effort, and did not seem to be struggling or suffering. . . . For several hours, the breathing above described continued reg ularly, and apparently without pain or consciousness. But about 1 o'clock a change occurred, and the breathing, which had been continuous, was interrupted at intervals. These intervals became more frequent and of longer duration, and the breathing more 70 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. feeble. Several times the interval was so long, that we thought him dead, and the surgeon applied his finger to the pulse, evidently to ascertain if such was the fact. But it was not till 22 minutes past 1 o'clock in the morning that the flame flickered out. There was no apparent suffering, no convulsive action, no rattling of the throat, none of the ordinary premonitory symptoms of death. Death in this case was a mere cessation of breathing. The fact had not been ascertained one minute, when Dr. Gurley offered up a prayer. The few persons in the room were all pro foundly affected. The President's eyes, after death, were not, par ticularly the right one, entirely closed. I closed them myself, with my fingers. The expression immediately after death was purely negative ; but in fifteen minutes there came over the mouth, the nostrils, and the chin, a smile that seemed almost an effort of life. I had never seen upon the President's face an expression more genial and pleasing. About fifteen minutes before the decease, Mrs. Lincoln came into • the room, and threw herself upon her dying husband's body. She was allowed to remain there only a few minutes, when she was re moved in a sobbing condition, in which, indeed, she had been during all the time she was present. After completing his prayer in the chamber of death. Dr. Gurley went into the front parlor, where Mrs. Lincoln was, with Mrs. and Miss Kinney, and her son Eobert, Gen. Todd, of Dacotah (a cousin of hers), and Gen. Earns worth, of Illinois. Here another prayer was offered up, during which I remained in the hall. The prayer was continually interrupted by Mrs. Lincoln's sobs. Soon after its conclusion, I went into the parlor, and found her in a chair, sup ported by her son Eobert. Presently her carriage came up, and she was removed to it. She was in a state of tolerable composure at that time, until she reached the door, when, glancing at the theatre opposite, she repeated three or four times : " That dreadful house 1 — ^that dreadful house !" The following minutes, taken by Dr. Abbott, show the con dition of the late President throughout the niglit: Eleven o'clock — Pulse 44. Five minutes past eleven — Pulse 45, and growing weaker. Ten minutes past eleven — Pulse 45. Quarter past eleven — Pulse 42. Twenty minutes past eleven — Pulse 45, respiration 27 to 29. Twenty-five minutes past eleven — Pulse 42. Thirty-two minutes past eleven— rPulse 48, and full. ASSASSINATION AND DYING MOMENTS. 71 Forty minutes past eleven — Pulse 45. Quarter to twelve — Pulse 45, respiration 22. Twelve o'clock — Pulse 48, respiration 22. Quarter past twelve — Pulse 48, respiration 21. Bcchymosisboth eyes. " Half-past twelve — Pulse 45. Thirty-two minutes past twelve — Pulse 60. Thirty-five minutes past twelve — Pulse 66. Forty minutes past twelve — Pulse 69, right eye much swollen, and ecchymosis. Forty-five minutes past twelve — Pulse 70. Fifty-five minutes past twelve — Pulse 80, struggling motion of arms. One o'clock — Pulse 86, respiration 30. Half-past one — Pulse 95, appearing easier. Forty-five minutes past one — Pulse 86; very quiet; respiration ir regular. Mrs. Lincoln present. Ten minutes past two — Mrs. Lincoln retired with Eobert Lincoln to an adjoining room. Half-past two — President very quiet; pulse 54; respiration 28. Fifty-two minutes past two — Pulse 48 ; respiration 30. Three o'clock visited again by Mrs. Lincoln. Twenty-five minutes past three — Eespiration 24, and regular. Thirty-five minutes past three — Prayer by the Eev. Dr. Gurley. Four o'clock — Respiration hard; regular. Quarter past four — Pulse 60 ; respiration 25. Fifty minutes past five — Respiration 28, regidar; sleeping. Six o'clock — Pulse failing; respiration 28. Half-past six — Still failing, and labored breathing. Seven o'clock — Symptoms of immediate dissolution. Twenty-two minutes past seven — Death. Shortlj"^ after 9 o'clock the remains were removed in a coffin to the White House, attended by a dense crowd, and escorted by a squadron of cavalry and several distinguished officers. At a later hour a post-mortem examination was made of the remains, by Surgeon-General Barnes, Dr. Stone, the late Pres ident's family physician, Drs. Crane, Curtis, Woodward, Taft, and other eminent medical men. The external appearance of the face was that of a deep black stain about both eyes. Otherwise the face was very natural. The wound was on the left side of the head behind, on a line with and three inches from the left ear. 72 LINCOLN MEMORIAL, The course of the ball was obliquely forward, towards the right eye, crossing the brain obliquely a few inches behind the eye, where the ball lodged. In the track of the wound were found fragments of bone, which had been driven forward by the ball. The ball was found imbedded in the anterior lobe of the west hemisphere of the brain. The orbit plates of both eyes were the seat of comminuted frac ture, and the orbits of the eyes were filled with extravasated blood. The serious injury to the orbit plates was due to the centre coup, the result of the intense shock of so large a projectile fired so closely to to the head. The ball was evidently a derringer, hand cast, and from which the neck had been clipped. A shaving of lead had been removed from the ball in its passage of the bones of the skull, and was found in the orifice of the wound. The first fragment of bone was found two and a-half inches within the brain : the second and larger fragment about four inches from the orifice. The ball lay still further in advance. The wound was half an inch in diameter. Ill, EFFECT ON THE COUNTRY. Deapb tlie banner, toll the bell I Gentle Chieftain, fare thee well, — Thine a Martyr blest to be, In the hour of Victory. Light the altar, hide the bier ! Onrs to look with joy and fear, "Where the coantry's Fathbr passed. Its preserver meets at last. R. ff. Newell. At, let the nation weep. While the slow bells toll, And tlie cannon roll, For the funeral knoll Of his mighty soul ! Ye cannot break the slumber doep Thjit wraps his limbs in quiet sleep; Ue cannot hear The crowds that tread Around his bier, Nor see the tears they shed ; For he nevermore shall dwell With the people that ho loved so well. Let the nation's sorrow have its way For him who was the nation's stay ! S. G. W. Benjamin. THE EFFECT ON THE COUNTRY. 75 III. THE EFFECT ON THE COUNTRY. Neveb in our national history did a blow fall with more terrible earnestness than the news of the assassination of Mr. Lincoln, as it flashed along the telegraph through the land, and penetrated from stations to more distant points. A general gloom pervaded all men. Every face wore a look of deepest sorrow at the loss of one who, wise and beyond reproach, had just carried the country through its terrible struggle. In the greatest cities of the land, men streamed down from their homes to the centres of business and labor ; but as with one accord, when the certainty of the President's death was announced, all places of business began to close. At the earliest tidings, the flags and streamers which, in exultation over Sumter's restoration, had, the day before, been fluttering so victoriously in the breeze, had been silently lowered. When Mr, Lincoln breathed his last, the flags hung draped at half- mast, and the fronts of public buildings and of stores were draped in black. Before sunset, almost every dwelling showed the same habiliments of woe. Meanwhile the heads of departments, the commanders of our armies, governors of States, mayors of cities, issued their orders expressing their sense of the loss, and calling on those under their direction to join in the universal sorrow. Except where a few madmen exulted, to be cut down with an indig nation that acted swiftly and sure, all party feeling was for gotten. The papers everywhere paid their tribute to the worth of Mr. Lincoln. Most appreciative perhaps of all was the editorial in the New Tork World, ever opposed to the course and policy of the murdered President. 76 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. The Late President Lincoln. Never before in history has there been an occasion so fraught with public consequence that was, at the same time, so like an over whelming domestic affliction. This portentions national calamity, conscious as we all are of its weighty and inscrutable significance in the future politics of the country, is also so full of affecting pathos and tragic horror that a smitten people are overborne by a flood of sensibility, like a bereaved family who have no heart to think on their estate and prospects when the tide of sudden afBiction has swept away the supporting prop of the household. By no other single achievement could Death have carried such a feeling of deso lation into every dwelling, and have caused this whole land to mourn as over the sundering of some dear domestic tie. The terrible deed which has filled the national heart with grief and consternation, lacks no conceivable accessory of tragic horror. When the storm which has gone over us seemed to have spent its force, there is suddenly shot from an unexpected quarter, without warning or preparation, a swift thunderbolt which strikes away the chief pillar of the state and shakes the whole edifice to its founda tions. Death, always affecting, becomes horrible when dealt by the hand of an assassin ; even though the victim be but a private in dividual, the deed of violence spreads a feeling of uneasiness and alarm through an excited community. The demise of the chief magi strate of a great nation, even though he die calmly in his bed, in the most tranquil times, is an awful and aifecting event; when an assassin deals the blow, the surcharge of horror is naturally as great in proportion as in the case of a murdered individual; but if the calamity comes in a crisis when that particular life is unusually felt to be of supreme value to a nation's hopes and prospects, the awful- ness of the tragedy is heightened by all the considerations that can give overwhelming poignancy to a nation's grief. Even the unim portant circumstances and surroundings of this foul deed have a tragic complexion. Perpetrated on the anniversary of the opening of the war; in a place of public amusement; in the presence of a paralyzed multitude who had come clustering together to witness a spectacle; the murderer an actor by profession, trained to an exag gerated admiration of certain historic characters, whose suggestive names had become prefixes in his family; his escape from a crowded assembly by leaping upon the stage and disappearing behind the scenes with a Latin motto in his mouth, while the consort of his illustrious victim was swooning in an agony of which no imagina tion can measure the depth ; — and then the cry that arose at mid- EFFECT OF HIS DEATH UPON THE COUNTRY. 77 night in all the cities of this afilicted land, and the horror and con sternation that fell upon all hearts as the sun heaved up his orb into the morning sky — all this together completes' a spectacle for the horror-struck imagination such as history, even with the trappings of the tragic muse to set it off, has seldom or never approached. What has the Eternal Mind, that presides over and shapes out the course of human history, in store for us, that He has thus permitted to be spread upon the canvas allotted to this country and this cen tury a scene so affecting and awful that none of its colors can fade till both continents are ingulfed in the all-efiacing ocean ? Whatever a wise and unsearchable Providence may bring out of this appalling visitation, we can, as yet, see nothing in it but calamity. It is a terrible proof of the depth, intensity, and danger of those passions which have been awakened into such fearful vigor by the events of the war. An ardent young man, not personally predisposed to crime ; brought up to an art which stands aloof from political associations ; accustomed to view the events of history only on their pathetic or their scenic side; trained to regulate every ges ture and mold every lineament of his face to court public admiration ; this young man, with this imaginative training, is not transformed into an assassin by the vulgar impulses of an ordinary murderer. In this terrible deed, as in the ordinary exercise of his profession, he has been a candidate for sympathy and approbation. It was his instinctive and sympathetic knowledge of what lurks in the hearts of the baffled secessionists, which made hirn see that this unavailing act of vengeance would enshrine him in their affections, and make his a dear and canonized name. His dreadful act is an awful com mentary on the consequences of party passions when they are fanned into such rage that they strip the most odious crimes of their horror and clothe them in the seductive drapery of public virtue. While the disabled half of the country is yet a caldron of unsubdued and seething passions, it is lamentable that there should be taken from us a mild and paternal chief magistrate who was preparing to pour over these agitated passions the soothing influence of his natural clemency. As soon as the war-cloud visibly lifted, he set himself to the performance of acts which commanded the approval even of his former opponents; and the day which preceded his death was passed in employments more full of promise than any other in the calendar of this momentous era. There will fall into his opening and honored grave no warmer or more plentiful tribute of honest sensibility than is shed by those of his loj^al fellow-citizens who did not contribute to his re-election. Of the career brought thus suddenly to this tragic close it is 78 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. yet too early to make any estimate that will not require revision. It is probable that the judgment of history will differ in many re spects from that of Mr. Lincoln's contemporaries ; and in no respect, perhaps, more than in reversing the current tenor of" the public thinking on what has been considered the vacillation of his charac ter. It must never be overlooked that Mr. Lincoln was elevated to the presidency without previous training; that he was a novice in the discharge of high executive functions, Confronted at the very threshold with problems of a novelty, magnitude, and difficulty which would have caused the most experienced statesman to quail, beset on all sides by the most conflicting advice, it would not have been wisdom, but shallow and foolhardy presumption, indicating unseemly levity of character, if he had affected a display of the same kind of confident decision with which an old sailor manages a cock boat in fair weather. If, under such circumstances, he had played the role of a man of decision, he would have forfeited all title to be considered a man of sense. When the most experienced and repu table statesmen of the country came to opposite conclusions, it is creditable to the strength, solidity, and modesty of Mr. Lincoln's mind, that he acted with a cautious and hesitating deliberation, proportioned rather to a sense of his great responsibilities, than to a theatrical notion of political stage eflfect. Had the country, previous to Mr. Lincoln's first election, fore seen what was coming it would not have chosen for President a man of Mr. Lincoln's inexperience and peculiar type of character. But if his party was to succeed, we doubt whether foresight and deliberation would have made so good a choice. With the Repub lican party in power, this terrible struggle was inevitable; and, with a man of fixed views and inflexible purpose at the head ofthe Government, it would probably have resulted either in a dissolution of the Union or civil war in the North. In either event, we should have lost our institutions. The stability of a republican govern ment, and, indeed, of any form of free government, depends upon its possessing that kind of flexibility which yields easily to the control of public opinion. In this respect, the English Government is more pliable than our own, the administration being at all times subject to immediate change by losing the confidence of the representatives ofthe people; whereas, under our Constitution, au iron inflexibility can maintain itself in office for the full period of four years, without any possibilty of displacing it except by revolution. In ordinary times, this works well enough ; for the growth of opinion in any ordinary four years, could not be so rapid as to indis pose the people to await the presidential election. But when there EFFECT OP HIS DEATH UPON THE COUNTRY. 79 was let loose upon us, at the beginning of the last administration, the wild outbreakings of turbulence and treason, the development of opinion went forward with gigantic strides, corresponding in some degree to the violence and magnitude of the contest. Any policy which a Republican President might have adopted with de cision in the spring of 1861, and adhered to with steadiness during the four years, would have exposed the government to be shivered into fragments by the shocks of changing opinion. What was wanting in the flexibility of our political system was made up in the character of Mr. Lincoln. Whatever may be thought of the absolute merits of the late President's administration — on which it would not be decorous to express our views on this occasion — it cannot well be denied that it has been, throughout, a tolerably faithful reflex of the predominent pubhc opinion of the country. Whether that opinion was, at any particular stage, right and wise, is a different question; but it cannot be doubtful that the pre dominant opinion carries with it the predominance of, physical strength. A government against which this is arrayed in gathering force, must yield to it or go to pieces. Had Mr. Lincoln started with his emancipation policy in the spring of 1861, his administra tion would have been wrecked by the moral aid which would have been given the South by the northern conservatives, including a large part of the Republican party. Had he refused to adopt the emancipation policy much beyond the autumn of 1862, the Repub lican party would have refused public support to the war, and the South would have gained its independence by their aid. With a stiff Republican Senate, the government would have been at a dead-lock, and the violence of opinion would have wrenched its conflicting parts asunder. Regarding the growth of opinion simply in the light of a fact, we must concede that Mr. Lincoln's slowness, indecision, and reluctant changes of policy have been in skillful, or at least fortunate, adaptation to the prevailing public sentiment of the country. Some have changed more rapidly, some more slowly than he ; but there are few of his countrymen who have not changed at all. If we look for the elements of character which have contributed to the extraordinary and constantly growing popularity of Mr. Lincoln, they are not far to seek. The kindly, companionable, jovial turn of his disposition, free from every taint of affectation, puerile vanity, or parvenu insolence, conveyed a strong impression of worth, sense, and solidity, as well as goodness of heart. He never disclosed the slightest symptom that he was dazzled or elated by his great position, or that it was incumbent upon him to be any 80 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. body but plain Abraham Lincoln. This was in infinitely better taste than would have been any attempt to put on manners that did not sit easily upon training and habits, under the false notion that he would be supporting the dignity of his oiBce. No offense in manners is so intolerable as affectation ; nor any thing so vulgar as a soul haunted by an uheasy consciousness of vulgarity. Mr. Lincoln's freedom from any such upstart affectations was one of the good points of his character; it betokened his genuineness and sincerity. The conspicuous weakness of Mr. Lincoln's mind on the side of imagination, taste, and refined sensibility, has rather helped him in the estimation of the multitude. Except so far as they contribute something to dignity of character, these qualities have little scope in the pursuits of a statesman; and their misplaced obtrusion is al ways offensive. They are a great aid, to be sure, in electric appeals to the passions; but in times like these through which we have been living, the passions have needed sedatives, not incentives; and the cool mastery of emotion has deserved to rank among the chief virtues. Mr. Lincoln had no need of this virtue, because the slug gishness of his emotional nature shielded him against the corres ponding temptation; but this defect has served him as well as the virtue amid the more inflammable natures with which he has been in contact. His character was entirely relieved from repulsive matter-of-fact hardness by the unaffected kindliness of his disposi tion and the flow of his homely and somewhat grotesque mother-wit — the most popular of all the minor mental endowments. The total absence from Mr. Lincoln's sentiments and bearing of anything lofty or chivalric, and the hesitating slowness of his de cisions, did not denote any feebleness of character. He has given a signal proof of a strong and manly nature in the fact that al though he surrounded himself with the most considerable and ex perienced statesmen of his party, none of them were able to take advantage of his inexperience and gain any conspicuous ascend ency over him. All his chief designs have been his own; formed indeed, after much anxious and brooding consultation, but, in the final result, the fruit of his own independent volition. He has changed or retained particular members of his cabinet, and indorsed or rejected particular dogmas of his party, with the same ultimate reliance on the decisions of his own judgment. It is this feature of his character, which was gradually disclosed to the public view, together with the cautious and . paternal cast of his disposition, that gave his strong and increasing hold on the confidence of the masses. EFFECT OF HIS DEATH UPON THE COUNTRY. 8 1 Among the sources of Mr. Lincoln's influemce, we must not omit to mention the quaint and peculiar character of his written and spoken eloquence. It was as completely his own, as much the na tural outgrowth of his character, as his personal manners. Formed on no model, and aiming only at the most convincing statement of what he wished to say, it was terse, shrewd, clear, with a peculiar twist in the phraseology which more than made up in point what it sometimes lost by its uncouthness. On the multitude, who do not appreciate literary refinement, and despise literary affectation, its effect was as great as the same ideas and arguments could have produced by any form of presentation. His style had the groat redeeming excellence of that air of straightforward sincerity which is worth all the arts of the rhetoriciah. The loss of such a man, in such a crisis; of a man who possessed so large and growing a share of the public confidence, and whose administration had recently borrowed new lustre from the crowning achievements of our armies; of a ruler whom victory was inspiring with the wise and paternal magnanimity which sought to make the conciliation as cordial as the strife has been deadly; the loss of such a President, at such a conjuncture, is an afflicting dispensation which bows a disappointed and stricken nation in sorrow more deep, sincere, and universal than ever before supplicated the com passion of pitying Heaven. In New Tork City, Wall street became a public meeting, in which resolutions were passed, and among other addresses the following were delivered : Speech of Gen. Bdtlbr. Fellow Citizens: But a day or two since we assembled through out the nation in joy, gladness, and triumph, at the success of the armies of the republic, which opened to us the promise of a glorious peace and a happy country in the future. These fiags, now the token of mourning, were then raised in gladness. To-day, in a short hour, Abraham Lincoln has been struck down by the hand of an assassin, and we assemble to mingle our grief with that of the loved ones at home, who mourn the honest man, the incorruptible patriot, the great statesman, the saviour of his country in its crisis. And while we reverently pray to God to overrule this dispensation for our good, we mingle our tears together as a nation for the loss, and we find the hearts of those around him melted in sadness. Yet, to us there are higher, sterner duties, and that is to 6 82 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. see that his death is not lost to the country. Other rebellions in other countries have heretofore almost ever been inaugurated by the assassin's knife. It is left for us to exhibit the spectacle of a rebellion crushed in its body, crushed in its strength, crushed iu its blood, crushed in its bones, revivifying its soul by as sassination and death. And, with a blind hate which has ever characterized its purpose, it has struck down in cold silence the most forgiving, the most lenient, the most gracious friend that the misguided rebel ever had in this country. If rebellion can do this to the good, the wise, the kind, the beneficent, what does it teach us we ought to do to those who, from high places, incite the assassin's mind and guide the assassin's knife. Shall we content ourselves with merely crushing out the strength, the power; the material resources of the rebellion ? Shall we leave its spirit and soul unsubdued, to light the torch in this city, and fire the pistol in the capital at all the good and great ? Are we to have peace in fact or only in name ? Is this nation hereafter to be peaceable ? Are the avocations of life to go on, each man going about without fear and without dread, or are we to rival hereafter the tales we have heard of the old world, where every man feared his neighbor, and no man went about except armed to the teeth or in panoply of steel ? This is the question that is to be decided this day, ay, this hour, by the American people. And perhaps I may say, reverently, that this dispensation of God's good providence is sent to teach us that the spirit of the rebellion has not been broken by the surrender of its armies. And, my friends, echoing the words of the last speaker, I would say, be of good heart. There is no occasion of despondency. A great, a good man has gone, in the fullness of his fame, in' the height of his glory, to join the sages and patriots of the revolutionary days. His life was saved four years ago when it was needed, and he went through Baltimore, and the waves of the rebellion were beating around him. But now his work was done; and it remains for us to do that which is left for us to do in the same direction. He has driven out the life and the spirit, and it is for us to take care of the soul of the rebellion. And I am glad to speak here, to assure you, what I know to be the sentiment of the present President of the United States, who has succeeded by this great dispensation of Providence to the highest place on earth, that he feels as you and I do, I know it, on the subject, that the rebellion is to be put down. He has had a nearer view of it than we have had. It has been at his hearth-stone, and he has had almost his roof-tree blazing over EFFECT OF HIS DEATH UPON THE COUNTRY. 83 him. And every one ought to know that he is not only able but willing and desirous that it should be dealt with as we would have it dealt with. And therefore, let every man be of cheer. It may be said, I hear it has been said, that those who recommend condign punishment for treason and other wrongs are blood-thirsty — that we desire to shed blood for the shedding of blood. But, fellow-citizens, could he who has gone before us have foreseen what would have been the end of his policy— of his clemency and for giveness — it might have soured his heart, but it might have in formed his judgment, and we had him spared to us this hour. If he could have seen that forgiveness meant assassination — ^that clemency meant death, that even the sick n^an whom the providence of God had spared for a season, was to be murdered on his sick-bed as a result of the rebellion — ^perhaps he would have nerved his heart against these men, and forgot the goodness of his nature. But he has gone before us, the first victim of this clemency ; with words of forgiveness upon his tongue, even, has he died, and it is left for us to review the course, and see whether or not we are to be instructed by his death. And therefore I say it to you my friends — not in the spirit of revenge, not in the spirit of ven geance, not, I trust, in any spirit of destruction, God forbid ! but in the spirit of mercy for thousands I ask that punishment should be visited upon those who have caused this great wrong. The nation demands it. The widowed wives of those of our fallen soldiers sleeping in southern soil cry out for it. The insulted majesty of the nation has determined upon it, and woe be to him that gets in the path of justice arid of the execution of the law. Speech of Hon. Daniel S. Dickinson. The spirit of the rebellion, my friends and fellow-citizens, has finally culminated in the assassination of the President of the United States. The spirit of rebellion and of slavery has finally whet its knife, and finding it could not accomplish the death of this nation, has wreaked its vengeance in the heart's blood of the Chief Magistrate. In all the history of men, savage and civilized; in the history of nations, ancient and modern; you can find nothing in the annals of the French Revolution, or elsewhere, equal to this in atrocity and abomination. The only criticisms that were ever passed upon that great and good man were that he had been too lenient, too forgiving in his spirit, too moderate against rebellion. The assassin, not at midnight, but in the midst of a public assembly, 8* LINCOLN MEMORIAL. has drawn his weapon against the life of the President; and what is more cowardly, more ferocious, more abominable, if there is a grade of crime in assassination, was the attempt on the life of the Secretary of State, who was lying almost upon his dying bed. It required the spirit of the rebellion; it required slavery in its last struggling death throes, to do this. This thing — I but repeat what I said long ago — is to be hunted out like a savage beast. And if there is any one thing in my human experience that I thank God more devoutly for than any other, it is that I have not anywhere winked at any thing, but have been in favor of hewing them down from beginning to end. It is not merely the death of Abraham Lincoln — great, good, patient, faithful, sincere as he was — but it is this great nation that has been wounded in her Chief Mag istrate, that she had, witii great and unusual eclat, continued in the position, and said, ' Well done, good and faithful servant.' Let our humanity extend to the humbler misguided men of the re bellion; but let us march on together to take out the roots and pull up the seed of it. I tell you that I will never slumber or sleep till every thing belonging to the rebellion, in number, per son, and case, is abolished. I spent the best years of my life in endeavoring to reconcile differences between North and South. I saw in this rebellion a determination on the part of the rebel mur derers, thieves, and conspirators, not to be conciliated. I say now that they must be hunted from the abodes of men. I care not whether this was the act of one man or the act of a hundred; it re sults from a sentiment which has been inculcated to destroy this great nation. It is acting practically upon the sentiment; and whether one conspirator's arm were nerved or whether a million had been brought forward, that is not the question — ^it was a deter mination to destroy this nation in the person of the President of the United States, and of the Secretary of State, whose prudent policy has prevented them from embarrassing us with a war with foreign nations. They come forward now and then and whet their knives for the destruction of individuals. Like the sending of Joseph into Egypt, they meant it for evil, but God means it for our good. He has torn the veil from the face of this infernal rebellion, and it is perfectly revealed in all its hideousness. Who will follow it now except to slay it between the porch and the altar ? I had hoped that its dying days would be calm and tranquil; that it would go down to the grave unhonored and unsung, but in peace. I am for calling upon every man with a loyal heart, be he north or south, cast or west, be he old or young, be he of one political organization or another, to now say, whatever his previous opinions have been. EFFECT OP HIS DEATH UPON THE COUNTRY. 85 that there has come a time when the people must take this thing into their own hand, in all their power, in all their majesty, until the last of the rebellion shall be numbered with the things that were. At Nashville processions postponed from the previous day were just forming when the news was received. Instantly joy gave place to sorrow, the strains of exultation changed to funeral marches, and the military, with arms reversed, returned to their camps. At Cincinnati, Columbus, Wheeling, Louisville, St. Louis; and even at San Francisco and the cities of California, the same scenes were repeated. Everywhere, spontaneous cessation of business, the closing of courts, the draping of the towns in moun- Even in the British Provinces marks of respect were shown. In Nova Scotia, the Govemor was about to visit the Legislative Council, to give assent to the laws with the usual ceremonies, but on hearing of the sad news sent the following message to the Council : " Government House, HALrPAX, N. S., " Saturday, April 15, 1865. " My Dear Sir — Very shocking intelligence which has just reached me ofthe murder of President Lincoln by the hand of an assassin, and my sense of the loss which the cause of order has sustained by the death of a man whom I have always regarded as eminently up right in his intentions, indisposes me to make any public ceremony such as I had contemplated in my intended visit to the Legislative Council to-day. I beg, therefore, to notify to you the postponement of that visit, and, perhaps, under the circumstances, men of all. parties may feel that the suspension of further public business for the day would be a mark of sympathy not unbecoming the Legisla ture to offer, one which none could misconstrue. Believe me to be, very dear sir, your obedient servant, "Richard Groves McDowell. "To Edward Kinney, " President ofthe Legislative Council." At Toronto, the flags on the Custom House, and the shipping were displayed at half-mast, and Canadians shared in the ex pressions manifested by resident Americans, sa LINCOLN MEMORIAL. At Concord, N. H., on the evening after the reception ofthe news of the President's death a very large crowd of people called at the house of ex-President Franklin Pierce, and they were addressed by him as follows. Speech of Ex-President Pierce. Fellow-Townsmen — I come to ascertain the motives of this call. What is your desire ? [Some person in the crowd replied, " We wish to hear some words from you on this sad occasion." General Pierce proceeded.] I wish I could address you words of solace. But that can hardly be done. The magnitude of the calamity, in all aspects, is over whelming. If your hearts are oppressed by events more calculated to awaken profound sorrow and regret than any which have hitherto occurred in our history, mine mingles its deepest regrets and sorrows with yours. It is to be hoped that the great wickedness and atrocity was confined, morally and actually, to the heads and hearts of but two individuals of all those who still survive on this continent ; and that they may speedily, and in obedience to law, meet the punishment due to their unparalleled crimes. It is well that you — it is well that I — well that all men worthy to be called citizens of the United States, make manifest in all suitable forms the emotions incident to the bereavement and distress which have been brought to the hearths and homes of the two most conspicuous families of the Republic. I give them my warm, outgushing sympathy, as I am sure all per sons within the hearing of my voice must do. But beyond personal grief and loss, there will abide vnth us in evitably the most painful memories. Because, as citizens obedient to law, revering the Constitution, holding fast to the Union, thankful for the period of history which succeeded the Revolution in 80 many years of peaceful growth a'nd prosperity, and loving with the devotion of true and faithful children all that belongs to the ad vancement and glory of the nation, we can never forget or cease to deplore the great crime and deep stain. [A voice from the crowd — " Where is your flag ?"] It is not necessary for me to show my devotion for the stars and stripes by any special exhibition, or upon the demand of any man or body of men. My ancestors followed it through the Revolution — one of them, at least, never having seen his mother's roof from the beginning to the close of that protracted struggle. My brothers followed it in the war of 1812, and I left my family in the spring of EFFECT OF HIS DEATH UPON THE COUNTRY. 87 1841, among you, to follow its fortunes and maintain it upon a for eign soil. But this you all know. If the period during which I have served our State and country in various situations, commencing more than thirty-five years ago, have left the question of my devo tion to the flag, the Constitution and Union, in doubt, it is loo late now to remove it by any such exhibition as the inquiry suggests. Besides, to remove such doubts from minds where they may have been cultivated by a spirit of domination and partisan rancor, if such a thing were possible, would be of no consequence to you, and it is certainly of none to me. The malicious questionings would return to re-assert their supremacy and pursme the work of injustice. Conscious of the infirmities of temperament which, to a greater or less extent, beset us all, I have never felt or found that violence or passion was ultimately productive of beneficent results. It is gratifying to perceive that your observation, briefer than mine, has led your minds to the same conclusion. What a priceless com mentary upon this geiieral thought is the final reported conversation between the late President and his Cabinet 1 and with that dispatch comes news to warrant the cheering hope, that in spite of the knife of the assassin, the life and intellect of the Secretary of State may, through Providence, be spared to us in this appalling emergency. I thank you for the silent attention with which you have list ened to me, and for the manifestations of your approval as my neighbors, and will not detain you in this storm longer than to add my best wishes for you all, and for what, individually and collect ively, we ought to hold most dear — our country — our whole country Good night. The bishops of the Catholic and Episcopal Churches, the heads of other denominations, all came forward to join in the public grief, and appoint services for Wednesday, which was set apart for the funeral. ' In many of the synagogues, on the day of his death, prayers were offered for Mr. Lincoln, according to Jewish usage. Among the discourses pronounced on the following day, Sunday, we select that delivered at the New Tork Avenue Presbyterian Church, by the Eev. Dr. Gurley. This church, which was the one attended by Mr. Lincoln, his chosen place of worship, was well filled by a congregation among which were many high oflBcials of the Government, Treasurer Spinner, 88 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. Governor Oglesby, General Eaton, and many other gentlemen no less eminent, were present. The church was hung with crape, and the mute, heart-rending eloquence of the empty pew was not decreased by the black drapery that told the reason of the absence of its august owner. After the singing ofthe 103d Hymn, which was preceded by the reading of the 103d Psalm, Dr. Gurley remarked that it was with his congregation a sacramental Sabbath, and that the services of the morning would have reference to that fact ; but he added that, before uniting in prayer, he would say a few words regarding the great bereavement which had so suddenly come upon us as a nation. He then said : — " This is such a Sabbath as our nation never saw before. It is a day of mourning, of great and bitter lamentation. Our beloved Chief Magistrate is dead ! The man whom the people had learned to trust with a confiding and a loving confidence, and upon whom, more than upon any other, were centred, under God, our best hopes for the true and speedy pacification of the country, the restoration of the Union, and the return of harmony and love — that great and honored man has passed away. Just as the prospect of peace was brightly opening upon us, and he was hoping to enjoy with the people the blessed fruit and reward of his and their toil, and care, and patience, and self-sacrificing devotion to the interests of liberty and the Union — just then he fell and passed away. That such a life should be sacrificed at such a time by such an agency! Oh it is a dark, a mysterious, a most afflicting visitation. But, while we mourn we must not murmur; while we weep we must not complain. Above the foul, and cruel, and bloody hand of the assassin — ^far, far above it — we must see another hand-^the chastening hand of a wise and faithful God. We know that his judgments are right, and that in faithfulness he has afflicted us. In the midst of our rejoicings we needed this stroke, this dealing, this discipline, and therefore he has sent it. Let us remember our affliction has not come forth of the dust, and our trouble has not sprung out of the ground. Through and beyond all second causes we must look, and see the sovereign, permissive agency of the great First Cause. And while we bow and worship, let us also be still and know that He is God. " Clouds and darkness are round about Him ; righteousness and judgment are the habitation of his throne." It is his prerogative to bring light out of darkness, and good out of evil. Surely the wrath of man EFFECT OF HIS DEATH UPON THE COUNTRY. 89 shall praise Him, and the remainder of wrath He will restrain. In the light of a clearer day we may yet see that the wrath which planned and perpetrated the death of the President was overruled by Him whose judgments are unsearchable and his ways past find- ¦ng out, for the highest welfare of all those interests which are so clear to the Christian patriot and philanthropist, and for which a loyal people have made such an unexampled sacrifice of treasure and blood. Let us not be faithless, but believing. ' Blind iinbelief is prone to err, And scan his work in vain ; God is his own interpreter, And He will make it plain.' " We will wait for his interpretation, and we will wait in faith, nothing doubting. He who has led us so well, and defended and prospered us so wonderfully during the last four years of civil strife, will not forsake us now. He may chasten, but he will not de stroy. He may purify us more and more in the furnace of trial, but He will not consume us. No, no. He has chosen us, as He did his people of old, in the furnace of affliction, and he has said of us as he said of them, ' This people have I formed for myself; they shall show forth my praise.' Let our principal anxiety now be that this new sorrow may be a sanctified sorrow; that it may lead us to deeper repentance, to a more humbling sense of our dependence upon God, and to the more unreserved consecration of ourselves and all that we have to the cause of truth and justice, of law and order, of liberty and good government, of pure and undefiled religion. Then, though weeping may endure for a night, joy will come in the morning. Blessed be God ! despite of this great and sudden and temporary darkness, the morning has begun to dawn — the morning of a bright and glorious day, such as our country has never seen. That day will come, and not tarry, and the death of a hundred Presidents and their Cabinets can never, never prevent it. While we are thus hopeful, however, let us also be humble. Oh, that all our rulers and all our people may lie low in the dust to-day beneath the chastening hand of God I and may their voices go up to Him as one voice, and their hearts go up to Him as one heart, pleading with Him for mercy, for grace to sanctify our great and sore bereave ment, and for wisdom to guide us in this our time of need. Such a united cry and pleading will not be in vain. It will enter into the ear and heart of Him who sits upon the throne, and He will say to us, as to ancient Israel, ' In a little wrath I hid my face from thee for a moment; but with everlasting kindness will I have mercy upon thee, saith the Lord, thy Redeemer.' " 90 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. SERMON BY REV. HENRY W. BELLOWS, Delivered at All Sodls' Church, New York, on Easter Morning. " Sorrow hath filled your heart. Nevertheless I tell you the truth. It is expedient for you that I go away, for if I go not away, the Comforter wUl not come unto you ; but if I depart, I will send him unto you." — St. John, xvi. 7. So Jesus, in view of his own approaching death, comforted his disciples I He was to leave them, robbed by violence of their ac customed leader; he whom they had believed should redeem Israel snatched wickedly and ignominlously from their side; all their hopes of prosperity and power in this world utterly destroyed. He was to leave them a dismayed and broken-hearted band, terror- stricken and scattered abroad, the enemies of their beloved Lord triumphant over Him; His words and teachings as yet involved in obscurity and mystery; their souls ungrown in his likeness; the nature of their Master's errand in this world not yet understood — nay, misunderstood almost as sadly by his disciples as by the Jews who murdered him. Knowing, as our Saviour did, just how they were to be aifected by his death, how utterly appalled and be wildered, he still tells them, " It is expedient for you that I go away, for if I go not away the Comforter (who should abide with them forever) will not come unto you ; but if I depart I will send him unto you." We understand now, looking back nineteen centuries, how truly Jesus spake. We see that without that death there could not have been that resurrection from the dead; that Jesus Christ was re vealed to his disciples as a spiritual prince and deliverer, as Lord over the grave and king of saints immortal, in the defeat of all am bitions having their seat in this world ; that he died to prove that death was not the end of being, but the real beginning of a true life ; rose again to show that it was " appointed unto all men once to die," it was not because fate and matter were stronger than spirit, or because death was inevitable, but simply because thus man broke out of fleshly garments into a higher mode of existence. We see now that He finally left his disciples, and ascended into heaven, to show them that absence in the flesh is often only a greater nearness of the spirit — that His power to enlighten, guide, animate, and bless them — yes, to comfort and cheer them, was greater as an unseen Saviour, sitting at the right hand of God than as a present incarnate martyr, in whose bosom John could lie and into whose side and into the prints of whose hands Thomas could thrust his doubting fingers. And what He promised He fully EFFECT OF HIS DEATH UPON THE COUNTRY. 01 performed ! The crucifixion which darkened the heavens with its gloom, gave way to the resurrection, which not only broke Christ's own tomb and the tombs of many saints, but slew the Angel of Death himself, leaving him only the mock dignity of a name with out reality; which let into the apostles' minds, and through them into the world, their first conception of the utter spirituality of Christ's kingdom; converted them from Jews into Christians indeed; began the new era, and from ordinary fishermen created those glo rious, sublime apostles whose teachings, character, deeds, and suf ferings built up the Church on the chief corner-stone, and estabhshed our holy religion in the world. And it was not only expedient for Jesus Christ to die, that he might rise again clothed with his conquest over the grave, his vic tory over the doubts and fears of his disciples, and the bold predic tions and short triumph of his murderers — but expedient for him, in his ascension, to go away utterly from all bodily presence with his disciples and followers, drawing their thoughts and affections after him into the unseen world. Thus alone could Jesiis keep the minds and hearts of his disciples wide open and stretched to the full compass of his spiritual religion — keep them from closing in again with their narrow earthly horizon — keep them from falling back into schemes of worldly hope — from substituting fondness for and devotion to his visible person, for that elevated, spiritual con secration to his spirit and his commandments, on which their future high and holy influence depended. Jesus went away that the Christ might return to be the anointing, and illumination, and Comforter of his disciples. His nearest friends never knew him till he had wholly gone away. They never loved him till he was be yond their embraces. John lying in his bosom was not as near his heart as thousands of his humblest disciples have been who have had Christ formed within them by communion with his Holy Spirit. That going away created and inspired the apostles, who, under God and Christ, created and inspired the Church. Jesus shook off his Judaic, his local and his merely human character, and became the universal Son of Man, the native of all countries, the contemporary of all times and eras, the ubiquitous companion and common Saviour. His death, his resurrection, his ascension, rehearsed and symbolized the common and sublime destiny of Humanity. Man is mortal, and must die ; man is immortal, and must rise again ; man is a spirit, and must quit the limitations of earth and sense, to dwell with God in a world of spiritual realities ! Thus Jesus honored the flesh he took upon himself, and the world he lived in; honored by accepting the universal lot of life and 92 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. death. But at the same time that he honored our visible conditions and circumstances, he discrowned them of their assumed sove reignty over us by triumphing over the grave, and returning in the flesh to life and to its duties and necessities; and then, finally, he lifted man above not only the grave, but above time and sense, matter and affairs, by ascending into the unseen world, as into a more real state of existence, and promising from that invisible seat to conduct 'the triumph of his Church, to visit and cheer the hearts of his disciples, and to be with them until the end of the world, when His kingdom should come fully, and God's will be done in earth as in heaven. Then he would deliver the Kingdom up unto the Father, that God might be all in all. And has it not indeed been so ? The Comforter has come! He came to the Apostles, and wiped away their doubts and fears, their personal ambitions, their Jewish prejudices, their self-seeking and self-saving thoughts! For tongues that spake only the dialects of their local experience, it gives them tongues of fire, burning with an eloquence intelligible in all lands and all ages. And what but a Holy Spirit, a descending Saviour, taking of the things of God and showing them unto men, has been the strength and salvation of human hearts from that hour to this ? How has the Master's influence grown, how mighty his consolations, how ir resistible the inspirations of his grace and truth ! Buried in cata combs, overwhelmed with the wrath of mighty kings and princes, resisted and withstood by all the pride of philosophers and sages, protested by the vulgar senses and denied by the coarse appetites of man — the holy faith, planted in Christ's broken tomb, has with stood the rigors of every climate, outlived the swords and axes that have turned their edge against it, the hoofs of horses and the iron heels of mailed hosts that have trampled it in the dust, been nour ished by the blood of the martyrs that died for its glory and defence, and has overrun the very cities that slew its apostles, crossed oceans unknown to the empires that defied or despised it, become the glory and hope of a civilization known only by its name! The Comforter indeed! What visible bodily master could visit every day the millions of homes that the ascended Christ now takes in the daily circuit of His divine walk ? And what lips could articulate the unspeakable wisdom he distils into lowly hearts that feel, but can never tell, the joy and trust and truth he imparts ? Ah ! the best part of the gospel is that word which cannot be uttered, but which comes and abides with the believing soul — that tender experience of a life hidden with Christ in God, which it is no more given to reveal in language, than it is to describe the things EFFECT OF HIS DEATH UPON THE COUNTRY. 93 which God hath prepared for them that love him ! Yes ! on this holy Easter morning, when the mild spring air is full of God's quickening love, and the breeze goes whispering in the ear of every dry root and quivering stalk, the promise of a new life, a glorious resurrection, is there not a winged but viewless Comforter, noise lessly fluttering in at the windows of all Christian homes, and gently stirring in the hearts that have inherited their fathers' faith the blessed assurance of God's eternal love; of the soul's supe riority to time and sense, to death and hell, of the supporting pre sence of a Saviour's love and care, with all the pageant invitations, encouragements and comforts that breathe from the Gospels, vital with the spirit of life, the death and resurrection of him whose his tory they record ? Can we read the New Testament to-day and feel that it is only common print we peruse ? Are Christ's living words only remembered phrases ? or do we seem to hear them spoken from heaven by Him who is the Word of God, and with a music and a meaning that all " the harpers, harping with their harps" could not intensify or sweeten, making our souls burn within us as when of old he walked and talked by the way, at Emmaus, with his disciples. It is, dear brethren, the faith and hope and trust of those inspired by the Comforter Jesus sent, that enables us to confront without utter dismay the appalling visitation that has just fallen with such terrible suddenness upon the country and the national cause ! With a heart almost withered, a brain almost paralyzed by the shock, I turn in vain for consolation to any other than the Comforter! Just as we were wreathing the laurels of our victories and the chaplets of our peace in with the Easter flowers that bloom around the empty sepulchre of our ascended Lord ; just as we were preparing the fit and luminous celebration of a nation's joy in its providential deliverance from a most bloody and costly war, and feeling that the Resurrection of Christ was freshly and gloriously interpreted by the rising of our smitten, humiliated, reviled, and crucified country, buried in the distrust of foreign nations and the intentions of rebel hearts ; a country rising from the tomb, where she had left as dis carded grave-clothes, the accursed vestments of slavery that had poisoned, enfeebled, and nearly destroyed her first life ; a country rising to a higher, purer existence under the guidance of a chief whom it fondly thought sent from above to lead it cautiously, wisely, conscientiously, successfully, like another Moses, through the Red Sea into the promised land ; just then, at the proud moment when the nation, its four years of conflict fully sounded, had announced its ability to diminish its armaments, withdraw its call for troops 94 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. and its restrictions on intercourse, comes as out of a clear heaven the thunderbolt that pierces the tender, sacred head that we were ready to crown with a nation's blessings, while trusting to its wis dom and gentleness, its faithfulness and prudence, the closing up of the country's wounds, and the appareUing of the nation, her ar mor laid aside, in the white robes of peace. Our beloved President, who had enshrined himself not merely :v the confidence, the respect, and the gratitude of the people, but in their very hearts, as their true friend, adviser, representative, and brother ; whom the nation loved as much as it revered ; who had soothed our angry impatience in this fearful struggle with his gentle moderation and passionless calm; who had been the head of the nation, and not the chief of a successful party ; and had treated our enemies like rebeUious children, and not as foreign foes, provid ing even in their chastisement for mercy and penitent restoration ; our prudent, firm, humble, reverential, God-fearing President is dead ! The assassin's hand has reached him who was belted round with a nation's devotion, and whom a million soldiers have hitherto en circled with their watchful guardianship. Panoplied in honesty and simplicity of purpose, too universally well-disposed to believe in danger to himself, free from ambition, self-consequence, and show, he has always shown a fearless heart, gone often to the front, made himself accessible to all at home, trusted the people, joined their amusements, answered their summons, and laid himself open every day to the malice and murderous chances of domestic foes. It seemed as if no man could raise his hand against that meek ruler, or confront with purpose of injury that loving eye, that sorrow- stricken face, ploughed with care, and watchings, and tears! So marked with upright patient purposes of good to all, of justice and mercy, of sagacious roundabout wisdom, was his homely paternal countenance, that I do not wonder that his murderer killed him from behind, and could not face the look that would have disarmed him in the very moment of his criminal madness. But he has gone ! Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States during the most difficult, trying, and important period of the nation's history; safe conductor of our policy through a crisis such as no other people ever had to pass; successful summ oner of a million and a quarter of American citizens to arms in behalf of their flag and their Union ; author ofthe Proclamation of Emancipation ; the peo ple's President; the heir of Washington's place at the hearths and altars of the land ; legitimate idol of the negro race — the perfect type of American democracy — the astute adviser of our generals in EFFECT OF HIS DEATH UPON THE COUNTRY. 93 the field ; the careful student of their strategy, and their personal friend and inspirer ; the head of his Cabinet, prevailing by the pas sionless simplicity of his integrity and unselfish patriotism over the larger experience, the more brilliant gifts, the more vigorous pur poses of his constitutional advisers ; a President indeed ; not the mere figure-head of the State, but its helmsman and pilot; shrinking from no perplexity, magnanimous in self-accusation and in readiness to gather into his own bosom the spears of rebuke aimed at his counsellors and agents; the tireless servant of his place ; no duty so small and wearisome that he shirked it, none so great and per sistent that he sought to fling it upon others ; the man who, fully tried (not without fitful vacillations of public sentiment which vis ited on him the difficulties of the times and situation), tried through four years in which every quality of the man, the statesman, the Christian, was tested ; in the face of a jeering enemy and foreign sneers and domestic ribaldry, elected again by overwhelming ma jorities to be their chief and their representative during another term of office, in which it was supposed even superior qualities and ser vices would be required to meet the nation's exigencies. This tried, this honored, this beloved head of the government and country is, alas ! suddenly snatched from us at the moment of our greatest need and our greatest joy, and taken up higher to his heavenly reward ! Thank God, he knew how the nation loved and reverenced him ! His re-election was the most solid proof of that which could pos sibly have been given. He has tasted, too, the negro's pious grati tude and tearful, glorious affection 1 He had lived to give the order for ceasing our preparations for war — an act almost equivalent to proclaiming peace ! He had seen of the travail of his soul, and was satisfied. He had done the work of a life in his first term of ser vice ; almost every day of his second term, not forty days old, had been marked with victories, until no good news could have been re ceived that would have much swelled his joy and honest pride ! And now, as the typical figure, the historic name of this great era, its glory rounded and full, the Almighty Wisdom has seen fit to close the record, and isolate the special work he has done, lest by any possible mischance the flawless beauty and symmetric oneness of the President's career should be impaired, its unique glory com promised by after issues, or its special lustre mixed with rays of another color, though it might be of an equal splendor I The Past, at least, is secure 1 Nothing can touch him further. Standing the central form in the field of this mighty, providential struggle, he fitly represents the purity, calmness, justice, and mercy of the loyal American people ; their unconquered resolution to con- 96 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. quer secession and break slavery in pieces ; their sober, mild sense ; their religious confidence that God is on their side, and their cause the cause of universal humanity ! Let us be reconciled to the ap pointment which has, released that weighty and patient head, that pathetic tender heart, that worn and weary hand from the perplex ing details of national rehabilitation. Let the lesser, meaner cares and anxieties ofthe country fall on other shoulders than those which have borne up the pillars of the nation when shaken with the earth quake. And seeing it is God who has afflicted us, who doeth all things well, let us believe that it is expedient for us that our beloved chief should go away. He goes to consecrate his work by flinging his life as well as his labors and his conscience into the nation's cause. He that has cheered so many on to bloody sacrifice, found unex pected, surprising opportunity to give also his own blood! He died, as truly as any warrior dies on the battle-field, in the nation's service, and shed his blood for her sake ! It was the nation that was aimed at by the bullet that stilled his aching brain. As the representative of a cause, the type of a victory, he was singled out and slain ! His life and career now have the martyr's palm added to the statesman's, philanthropist's, and patriot's crowns. His place is sure in the in nermost shrine of his country's gratitude. His name will match with Washington's, and go with it laden with blessings down to the remotest posterity ! And may we not have needed this loss, in which we gain a na tional martyr and an ascended leader, to inspire us from his heavenly seat, where with the other father of his country he sits in glory, while they send united benedictions and lessons of comfort and of guidance down upon their common children — may we not have needed this loss to sober our hearts in the midst of our national triumph, lest in the excess of our joy and our pride we should overstep the bounds of that prudence and the limits of that earnest serious ness which our affairs demand ? We have stern and solemn duties yet to perform, great and anxious tasks to achieve. We must not, after ploughing the fields with the burning share of civil war, and fertilizing them with the blood and bones of a half million noble youth, lose the great harvest by wasting the short season of in gathering in festive joy at its promise and its fulness ! We have, perhaps, been prematurely glad. In the joy of seeing our haven in view we have been disposed to slacken the cordage and let the sails flap idly, and the hands go below, when the storm was not fairly over nor all the breakers out of sight 1 God has startled us, to ap prize us of our peril ; to warn us of possible mischances, and to EFFECT OF HIS DEATH UPON THE COUNTRY. 97 caution us how we abuse our confidence and overtrust our enemy. I hope and pray that the nation may feel itself, by the dreadful ca lamity that has befallen it, summoned to its knees ; called to a still more pious sense of its dependence, toned up to its duties, and com pelled to watch with the most eager patience the course of its gen erals, its statesmen, and its press. It cannot be for nothing vast and important that the venerated and beloved head of this people and his chief counsellor and companion have thus been brought low in an hour, one to his very grave, the other to the gates of death ! It would seem as if every element of tragic power and pathos were fated to enter this rebellion and mark it out forever as a warning to the world. It really began in the Senate House, when the bludgeon of South Carolina felled the State of Massachussetts and the honor of the Union in the person of a brave and eloquent Senator. The shot at Port Sumter was not so truly the fatal beginning of the war as the blow in the Senate Chamber. That blow proclaimed the barbarism, the cruelty, the stealthiness, the treachery, the reckless ness of reason and justice, the contempt of prudence and foresight which a hundred years of legalized oppression and inhumanity had bred in the South ! And now, that blow, deepening into thunder, echoes from the head of the Chief Magistrate, as if slavery could not be dismissed forever, until her barbaric cruelty, her reckless vio lence, her political blasphemy, had illustrated itself upon the most conspicuous arena, under the most damning light and the most memorable and unforgetable circumstances in which crime was ever yet committed ! And in the same hour that the thoughtful, meek, and care-worn head of the President was smitten to death — a head that had sunk to its pillow for so many months full of unembittered, gentle, con ciliatory, yet anxious and watchful thoughts — the neck on which that President had leaned with an affectionate confidence that was half womanly, during all his administration, was assailed with the bowie-knife, which stands for Southern vengeance, and slavery's natural weapon ! The voice of the free North, the tongue and throat of liberty, was fitly assailed, when slavery and secession would exhibit her dying feat of malignant revenge. Through the channels of that neck had fiowed for thirty years, the temperate, persistent, strong, steady currents of this nation's resistance to the encroachments of the slave-power, of this people's aspirations for release from the curse and the peril of a growing race of slaves. That thi'oat had voiced the nation's great argument in the Senate Chamber. The arm that had written the great series of letters 7 98 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. which defended the nation from the schemes of foreign diplomatists, was already accidentally broken ; the jaw that had so eloquently moved was dislocated too ; but slavery remembered the neck that- bowed not when most others were bent to her power; remembered the throat that was vocal in her condemnation when most others in public life were silent from policy or fear ; remembered the words of him, who more than any man, slew her with his tongue ; and so her last assault was upon the jugular veins of the Secretary of State. Her bloodhounds sprang at the throat of him who had de nied their right and broken their power to spring at the neck of the slave himself ! But thus far, thank God, slavery is baffled in her last effort. Mr. Seward lives to tell us what no man knows so well, the terrible perils through which we have passed at home and abroad ; lives to tell us the goodness, the wisdom, the piety of the President he was never weary of praising. "He is the best man I ever knew," he said to me a year ago. What a eulogy from one so experienced, so acute, so wise, so gentle! Ah, brethren, the head of the government is gone ; but he who knew his counsels, and was his other self, still lives, and may God hear to-day a nation's prayer for his life. Meanwhile heaven rejoices this Easter morning in the resur rection of our lost leader, honored in the day of his death ; dying on the anniversary of our Ijord's great sacrifice, a mighty sacrifice himself for the sins of a whole people. We will not grudge him his release, or selfishly recall him from his rest and his reward ! The only unpitied object in this national tragedy, he treads to-day the courts of light, radiant with the joy that even in heaven celebrates our Saviour's resurrection from the dead ! The sables we hang in our sanctuaries and streets have no place where he is ! His hearse is plumed with a nation's grief ; his resurrection is hailed with the songs of revolutionary patriots, of soldiers that have died for their country. He, the commander-in- chief, has gone to his army of the dead ! The patriot President has gone to our Washington ! The meek and lowly Christian is to-day Avith him who said on earth, " Come unto me, all ye that labor and are heavily laden, and I will give you rest," and who, rising to-day, ful fils his glorious words, " I am the resurrection and the life; he that beheveth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: and whoso liveth and believeth in mc shall never die.'' EFEECT OF HIS DEATH UPON THE COUNTRY. l>9 At St. Patrick's Cathedral, New Tork, after the Pontifical Mass was finished, Ai'chbishop McCloskey, from the steps of the altar, spoke as follows : " You will, I trust, beloved brethren, pardon me if, notwithstand ing the length of the services at which you have been assisting, I should ask the privilege of trespassing for a few moments more upon your patience. The privilege I ask is, indeed, a sad and mournful one, a privilege that I have reserved for myself alone, for the reason that I could not, and that I cannot, without injustice to my own feelings, and, I am sure, to your feelings also, allow myself to forego it; and that privilege, as you doubtless already anticipate, is of addressing to you at least a few brief and imperfect words in regard to the great, and, I may say, the awrful calamity which has so unexpectedly and so suddenly fallen upon our beloved and now still more than ever afflicted country. But two days ago we beheld the rejoicings of an exultant people, mingling even with the sor rowful memory of our Saviour's crucifixion. To-day we behold that same people's sorrow mingling with the grand rejoicings of our Saviour's resurrection. It is, indeed, a sad and a sudden trans formation. It is a mournful — it is even a startling contrast. The Church could not divest herself of her habiliments of woe in Good Friday, neither can she now lay aside her festive robes, nor hush her notes of joy, gladness, and thanksgiving on this, her glorious Easter Sunday. Still, although as children of the Church we must and do participate in all her sentiments of joy, yet, at the same time, as children of the nation, as children of this Republic, we do not less sincerely, or less feelingly, or less largely, share in that nation's grief and sorrow. Oh, no! There is but one feeling that pervades all hearts, without distinction of party or of creed, without distinction of race or of color ; one universal senti ment of a great and a fearful bereavement, of the heavy, and I had almost said, crushing suffering, that has just befallen us. All feel, all acknowledge, that in that death which has so recently come to pass, in that sudden and awful death of the Chief Magistrate of this country, the entire nation. North and South, has sustained a great, a very great loss; and if we took counsel of our fears, we might say an almost irreparable loss. But, no! Our hopes are stronger, far stronger, than our fears ; our trust and con fidence in a good, gracious, and merciful God is stronger than the foreshadowings of what may be awaiting us in the future ; and it is to Him to-day, in our trials and adversities, we raise our voices in supplication. Him we beseech to give light to those who are 100 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. and who are to be the rulers of the destinies of our nation, that He may give life and safety and peace to our beloved country. We pray that those sentiments of mercy, of clemency, and of concilia tion, that filled the heart of the beloved President we have just lost, may animate the breast and guide the actions of him who in this most trying hour is called to fill his place. And we may take comfort, beloved brethren, in the thought that in the latest intelli gence which has reached us, the honored Secretary of State (a man full of years and of honors), who was, like his superior, stricken down by the hand of a ruthless assassin, still lives, and well- founded hopes are entertained of his final recovery. Let 'us pray, then, that a life always valuable, but in this critical state of affairs dear to every one of us, may be long preserved,' and that the new President may have the advantage of the wisdom, the experience, and the prudence of this honored Secretary of State. I need not tell you, my beloved brethren, children of the Catholic Church, to leave nothing undone to show your devotion, your attachment, and your fidelity to the institutions of your country in this great crisis, this trying hour. I need not ask you to omit nothing in joining in every testimonial of respect and honor to the memory of that Presi dent, now, alas! no more. On whatever day may be appointed for his obsequies, although the solemn dirge of requiem cannot resound within these walls, yet the dirge of sorrow, of grief, and of be wailing, can echo and re-echo within your hearts. And, on that day, whenever it may be, the doors of this Cathedral shall be thrown open, that you, beloved brethren, may bow down before this altar, adoring the inscrutable decrees of a just and all-wise Providence, beseeching His mercy on us all, and imploring Him, that now at least His anger may be appeased, and that the -cruel scourge of war cease, and that those rivers and torrents of human blood, of fratricidal blood, that have been saturating for so long a time the soil of our beloved country may no longer flow over our unhappy land. Yes, let us pray, while almost even in sight of that deed of horror, which, like an electric shock, has come upon and appalled our fellow-citizens in every section of the land — let us pray to Him that we may now forget our enmities, and that we may be enabled to restore that peace which has so long been broken. Let us take care, beloved brethren, that no spirit of retribution or of wicked spite, or of malice, or resentment, shall, at this moment, take pos session of our hearts. The hand of God is upon us; let us take care that we do not provoke Him to bow us down with misery and woe. Even over the grave of the illustrious departed who has been taken from us, over the graves of so many enemies and friends EFFECT OF HIS DEATH UPON THE COUNTRY. 101 in every section of the land, fallen in the deadly confiict, let us hope that those who are spared, who are still living, may come and join their hands together in sweet forgiveness ; and let us pledge our selves, one to the other, that we will move and act together in unity and in perpetual and Divine peace." The Eev. Henry Ward Beecher not arriving in season to pronounce a -discourse on that day, delivered at Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, on the ensuing Sunday, this sermon. Discourse of Rev. Henry Ward Beecher. " And Moses went up from the plains of Moab, unto the mountain of Nebo, to the top of Pisgah, that is over against Jericho : and the Lord showed him the land of Gtilead, unto Dan. " And all Naphtali, and the land of Ephraim and Manasseh, and all the land of Judah, unto the utmost sea. •• And the South, and the plain of the valley of Jericho, the city of palm- trees, unto Zoar. " And the Lord said unto him. This is the land which I sware unto Abra ham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, saying, I will give it unto thy seed : I have caused thee to see it with thine eyes'; but thou shalt not go over thither. " So Moses, the servant of the Lord, died there in the land of Moab, ac cording to the word of the Lord." There is no historic figure more noble than that of the Jewish lawgiver. After many thousand years the figure of Moses is not diminished, but stands up against the background of early days, distinct and individual as if he lived but yesterday. There is scarcely another event in history more touching than his death. He had borne the great burdens of state for forty years, shaped the Jews to a nation, filled out their civil and religious polity, admin istered their laws, and guided their steps, or dwelt with them in all their sojourning in the wilderness, had mourned in their punishment, kept step with their marches, and led them in wars, until the end of their labors drew nigh, the last stages were reached, and Jordan only lay between them and the promised land. The Promised Land ! Oh what yearnings had heaved his breast for that Divinely promised place! He had dreamed of it by night, and mused by day; it was holy, and endeared as God's favored spot; it was to be the cradle of an illustrious history. All his long, laborious, and now weary life, he had aimed at this as the consummation of every desire, the reward of every toil and pain. Then came the word of the Lord to him, " Thou must not go over. Get thee up into the mountain, look upon it, and die." From that silent summit the hoary leader gazed to the north, to the south, to the west, with hungry 102 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. eyes. The dim outlines rose up, the hazy recesses spoke of quiet valleys. With eager longing, with sad resignation, he looked upon the promised land, that was now the forbidden land. It was a mo ment of anguish. He forgot all his personal wants and drank in the vision of his people's home. His work was done. There lay God's promise fulfilled. There was the seat of coming Jerusalem — there the city of Jehovah's King, the sphere of judges and pro phets, the mount of sorrow and salvation, the country whence were to fly blessings to all mankind. Joy chased sadness from every feature, and the prophet laid him down and died. Again a great leader of the people has passed through toil, sorrow, battle, and war, and came near to the promised land of peace, into which he might not pass over. Who shall recount our martyr's sufferings for this people? Since the November of 1860, his horizon has been black with storms. By day and by night he trod a way of danger and darkness. On his shoulders rested a government, dearer to him than his own life. At its life millions were striking at home; upon it foreign eyes were lowered, and it stood like a lone island in a sea full of storms, and every tide and wave seemed eager to devour it. Upon thousands of hearts great sorrows and anxieties have rested, but upon not one such, and in such measure, as upon that simple, trutliful, noble soul, our faithful and sainted Lincoln. Never rising to the enthusiasm of more impassioned natures in hours of hope, and never sinking with the mercurial in hours of defeat to the depths of despondency, he held on with unmovable patience and fortitude, putting caution against hope, that it might not be premature, and hope against caution that it might not yield to dread and danger. He wrestled ceaselessly through four black and dreadful purgatorial years, when God was cleansing the sins of this people as by fire. At last the watchman beheld the gray dawn. The mountains began to give forth their forms from out of the darkness, and the East came rushing towards us with arms full of joy for all our sorrows. Then it was for him to be glad exceed ingly that had sorrowed immeasurably. Peace could bring to no other heart such joy, such rest, such honor, such trust, such, grati tude. He but looked upon it as Moses looked upon the promised land. Then the wail of a nation proclaimed that he had gone from among us. Not thine the sorrow, but ours. Sainted soul, thou hast indeed entered the promised rest, while we are yet on the march. To us remains the rocking of the deep, the storm upon the land, days of duty and nights of watching; but thou art sphered above all darkness and fear, beyond all sorrow or weariness. Rest, 0 weary heart! Rejoice exceedingly, thou that EFFECT OF HIS DEATH UPON THE COUNTRY. 103 hast enough suffered. Thou hast beheld Him who invariably led thee in this great wilderness. Thou standest among the elect; around thee are the royal men that have ennobled human life in every age; kingly art thou, with glory on thy brow as a diadem, and joy is upon thee for evermore ! Over all this land, over all the little cloud of years that now, from thine infinite horizon, waver back from thee as a spark, thou art lifted up as high as the star is above the clouds that hide ms, but never reach it. In the goodly company of Mount Zion thou shalt find that rest which so many have sought in vain, and thy name, an everlasting name in heaven, shall flourish in fragrance and beauty as long as men shall last upon the earth, or hearts remain to revere truth, fidelity, and good ness. Never did two such orbs of experience meet in the same hemisphere as the joy and sorrow of the same week in this land. The joy was as sudden as if no man had expected it, and as en trancing as if it had fallen from heaven. It rose up over sobriety, and svwpt business from its moorings, and down through the land in irresistible course. Men wept and embraced each other; they sang or prayed, or deeper yet, could only think thanksgiving and weep gladness. That peace was sure — -that government was firmer . than ever — the land was cleansed of plague — that ages were opening to our footsteps, and we were to begin a march of blessings — that blood was stanched, and scowling enmities sinking like spent storms beneath the horizon — that the dear fatherland, nothing lost but much gained, was to rise up in unexampled honor among the nations of the earth— -these thoughts, and that undistinguishable throng of fancies, and hopes, and desires, and yearnings, that filled the soul with tremblings like the heated air of midsummer days — all these kindled up such a surge of joy as no worils may describe. In an hour, joy lay without a pulse, without a gleam or breath. A sorrow came that swept through the, land, as huge storms swept through the forest and field, rolling thunder along the skies, dis hevelling the flames and daunting every singer in the thicket or forest, and pouring blackness and darkness across the land and up the mountains. Did ever so many hearts in so brief a time touch two such bound less feelings ? It was the uttermost joy and the uttermost of sorrow — noon and midnight without space between. The blow brought not a sharp pang. It was so terrible that at first it stunned sensi bility. Citizens were like men awakened at midnight by an eartli- quake, and bewildered to find every thing that they were accus tomed to trust wavering and falling. The very earth was no longer solid. The first feeling was the lea;it. Men waited to get strengt i 104 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. to feel. They wandered in the streets as if groping after some im pending dread, or undeveloped sorrow. They met each other as if each would ask the other, "Am I awake, or do I dream ?" There was a piteous helplessness. Strong men bowed down and wept. Other and common griefs belong to some one in chief, they are pri vate property ; but this was each man's and every man's. Every virtuous household in the land felt as if its first-born were gone. Men took it home. They were bereaved, and walked for days as if a corpse lay unburied in their dwellings. There was nothing else to think of. They could speak of nothing but that, and yet of that they could speak only falteringly. All business was laid aside, pleasure forgot to smile. The city for nearly a week ceased to roar, and great Leviathan laid down and was still. Even Avarice stood still, and Greed was strangely moved to generous sympathy with universal sorrow. Rear to his name monuments, found chari table institutions, and with his name above their heights, but no mon ument will ever equal the universal, spontaneous, and sublime sorrow that in a moment swept down lines and parties, and covered up animosities, and in an hour brought a divided people with unity of grief and indivisible fellowship of anguish ! For myself, I can not yet command that quietness of spirit needed for a just and tem perate delineation of a man whom Goodness has made great. I pass, then, to some considerations aside from the martyr President's character, reserving that for a future occasion, which are appro priate to this time and place. And, first, let us not mourn that his departure was so sudden, nor fill our imagination with horror at its method. When good men pray for deliverance from hidden death, it is only that they may not be plunged, without preparation and all disrobed, into the presence of the Judge. Men long eluding and evading sorrow, when suddenly overtaken, seem enchanted to make it great to the uttermost — a habit which is not Christian, although it is doubtless natural. When one is ready to depart, suddenness is a blessing. It is a painful sight to see a tree overthrown by a tornado, wrenched from its foundation and broken down like a reed; but it is yet more painful to see a vast and venerable tree lingering with vain strife, when age and infirmity have marked it for destruc tion. The process of decay is a spectacle humiliating and painful; but it seems good and grand for one to go from duty done with pulse high, with strength full and nerve strong, terminating a noble life in a fitting manner. Nor are we without Scripture warrant for these thoughts : " Let your loins be girded about ...... Blessed are those servants whom the Lord, when He cometh, shall find watching." . . . Not those who die in stupor are blessed. EFFECT OF HIS DEATH UPON THE COUNTRY. 105 but they who go with all their powers about them, and wide awake as to a wedding. He died watching. He died with armor on. In the midst of hours of labor, in the very heart of patriotic consulta tions, just returned from camps and council, he was stricken down. No fever dried his blood — no slow waste consumed him. All at once, in full strength and manhood, with his girdle tight about him, he departed, and walks with God. Nor was the manner of his death more shocking, if we will surround it with higher associa tions. Have not thousands of soldiers fallen on the field of battle by the bullets of an enemy, and did not he ? All soldiers that fall ask to depart in the hour of victory, and at such an hour he fell. There was not a poor drummer-boy in all this war that has fallen for whom the great heart of Lincoln would not have bled; there is not one private soldier without note of name, slain among t'.iou- sands, and hid in the pit among hundreds, without even the memo rial of a separate burial, for whom the President would not have wept. He was a man from and of the people, and now that he who might not bear the march, the toil and battle, with these humble cit izens, has been called to die by the bullet, as they were, do you not feel that there is a peculiar fitness to his nature and life, that he should in death be joined with them in a final common experience ? For myself, when any event is susceptible of a nobler garnishing, I cannot understand the nature or character of those who seek rather to drag it down, degrading and debasing, rather than en nobling and sanctifying it. Secondly. This blow was but the expiring rebellion ; and as a miniature gives all the form and feature of its subject, so, epito mized in this foul act, we find the whole nature and disposition of slavery. It begins in a wanton destruction of all human rights, and in the desecration of all the sanctities of heart and home. It can be maintained only at the sacrifice of every right moral feeling in its abettors and upholders. It is a two-edged sword, cutting both ways, desolating alike the oppressed and the oppressor, and vio lently destroying manhood in the victim, it insidiously destroys man hood in the master. No man born and bred under the influence of the accursed thing can possibly maintain his manhood, and I would as soon look for a saint in the darkness of perdition as for a man of honor in this hotbed of iniquity. The problem is solved, its demon stration is complete. Slavery wastes its victims, it wastes estates. It destroys public morality, it corrupts manhood in its centre. Com-" munities in which it exists are not to be trusted. Its products are rotten. No timber grown in its cursed soil is fit for the ribs of our ship of State or for our household homes. The people are selfish in 106 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. their patriotism, and brittle, and whoever leans on them for support is pierced in his hand. Their honor is not honor, but a bastard quality which disgraces the name of honor, and for all time tho honor of the supporters of slavery will be throughout the earth a by-word and a hissing. Their whole moral nature is death-smitten. The needless rebeUion, the treachery of its leaders to oaths and trusts, their violations of the commonest principles of fidelity, sit ting in the senate, councils, and places of trust only to betray them — the long, general, and unparalleled cruelty to prisoners, without provocation or excuse — their unreasoning malignity and fierceness- all mark the symptoms of the disease of slavery, that is a deadly poison to soul and body. There may be exceptions, of course, but as a rule malignity is the nature and the essence. Slavery is itself barbarous, and the nation which upholds and protects it is likewise barbarous. It is fit that its expiring blow should be made to take away from men the last forbearance, the last pity, and fire the soul with invincible determination that the breeding-ground of such mischiefs and monsters shall be utterly and forever destroyed It needed not that the assassin should put on paper his belief in slavery. He was but the sting of the monster Slavery which has struck this blow, and as long as this nation lasts, it will not be for gotten that we have had our " Martyr President," nor while heaven holds high court or hell rots beneath, will it be forgotten that slavery murdered him. Third. This blow was aimed at the life of government and of the nation. Lincoln was slain, but America was meant. The man was cast down, but the government was smitten at. The President was killed, but national life-breathing freedom, and benignity was sought. He of Illinois, as a private man, might have been detested, but it was because he represented the cause of just government, liberty, and kindness he was slain. It was a crime against universal gov ernment, and was aimed at all. Not more was it at us than at England or France, or any well-compacted government. It was aimed at mankind. The whole world will repudiate it and stigma tize it as a deed without a redeeming feature. It was not the deed of the oppressed stung to madness by the cruelty of the oppressor ; it was not the avenging hand against the heart of a despot ; it was the exponent of a venomous hatred of liberty, and the avowed ad vocacy of slavery. [Mr. Beecher illustrated the point by a report of the interview between Governor Pickens and Lieutenant Talbot, a few days prior to the attack on Fort Sumter, wherein Pickens admitted that tho South really had no cause of complaint ; but that the leaders, hop- EFFECT OF HIS DEATH UPON THE COUNTRY. 107 ing to deceive the people, had manufactured the necessary indigna tion at Northern insults, and were determined to separate, even though confessedly without good grounds.] Fourth. But the blow has signally failed. The cause is not stricken, but strengthened: men hate slavery the more and love lib erty better. The nation is dissolved, but only in tears, and stands more square and solid today than any pyramid in Egypt. The government is not weakened, it is strengthened. How readily and easily the ranks closed up ! We shall be more true to every in stinct of liberty, to the Constitution, and to the principles of univer sal freedom. Where, in any other community, the crowned head being stricken by the hand of an assassin, would the funds have stood so firm as did ours, not wavering the half of one per cent. ? After four years of drastic war, of heavy drafts upon the people, ou top of all, the very head of the nati(m is stricken down, and the funds never quivered, but stand as firm as the granite ribs in the moun tains. Republican institutions have been vindicated in this very experience. God has said by the voice of his providence that re publican liberty, based upon universal freedom, shall be as firm as the foundations of the globe. Fifth. Even ho who now sleeps has, by this event, been clothed with new influence. Dead, he speaks to men who now willingly hear what before they shut their ears to. Like the words of Wash- ingfton will his simple, mighty words be pondered on by your child- rer( and children's children. Men will receive a new accession to their love of patriotism, and will for his sake guard with more zeal the welfare of the whole country. On the altar of this martyred patriot I swear you to be more faithful to your country. They will, as they follow his hearse, swear a new hatred to that slavery which has made hira a martyr. By this solemn spectacle I swear you to renewed hostility to slavery, and to a never-ending pursuit of it to its grave. They will admire and imitate his firmness in justice, his inflexible conscience for the right, his gentleness and moderation of spirit, and I swear you to a faithful copy of his justice, his mercy, and his gentleness. You I can comfort, but how can I speak to the twilight millions who revere his name as the name of God ? Oh, there will be wailing for him in hamlet and cottage, in woods and wilds, and the fields of the South. Her dusky children looked on him as on a Moses come to lead them out from the land of bondage. To whom can we direct them but to the Shepherd of Israel, and to His care commit them for help, for comfort, and protection ? And now the martyr is moving in triumphal march, mightier than when alive. The nation rises up at his coming. Cities and States are 108 LINCOLN MEMOKIAL. his pall-bearers, and cannon beat the hours with solemn procession. Dead ! dead ! dead ! he yet speaketh ! Is Washington dead? Is Hampden dead ? Is David dead ? Now, disenthralled of flesh, and risen to the unobstructed sphere where passion never comes, he be gins his illimitable work. His life is grafted upon the Infinite, and will be fruitful now as no earthly life can be. Pass on, thou that hast overcome ! Your sorrows, 0 people, are his pcean ! Your bells, and bands, and muffled drum sound in his ear a triumph. You wail and weep here. God makes it triumph there. Four years ago, 0 Illinois, we took him from your midst, an untried man from among the people. Behold, we return him a mighty conqueror. Not thine, but the nation's ; not ours, but the world's ! Give him place, ye prairies ! In the midst of this great continent, his dust shall rest a sacred treasure to millions who shall pilgrim to that shrine, to kindle anew their zeal and patriotism. Ye winds that move over the mighty spaces of the West, chant his requiem ! Ye people, behold a martyr, whose blood as articulate words pleads for fidelity, for law, for liberty ! IV FUNERAL AT WASHINGTON. The shadow of the bravo Falls dark hi the President's hall ; Mourning euibleins shiver and swing On turret and doorway nnd wnll. The places of trade are deserted — The nation is drowned in te&rs : No blow like this a people has cursed In a thousand rolling years. No marvel that the feeling Is terrible, sad, and deep I For a shudder lies in this dastard crime, Like Macbeth " murdering sleep;'* And no wonder thiit the nation Thrills cold through its nerves and veins. When the Borgia's crime, in this favored day. In Freedom's Land obtains. There may well be weeping and moaning For the nation's future weal, When the true con.servative, caring for alt, Grows a mark for bullet and steel; And we well may pause for an answer — Where and how will the tragedy end, And what must the fate of foemen be When death is the doom of ihe friend I But for Aim— no sorrow or wailing! He died in that glorious hour When his kindly stars had triumjihed high And the evil lost their power ; The best of his work accomplished. The future easy and plain, And forgiveness winning the wide world's heart, As vigor had won its brain. No — for him no tenr-drop or murnmr; For, spite ofthe murderer's crime. He died as the best might pray to die. In the htjight of God's good time. And when the dark deed we punish, As pnnish we can and will, Twill be notliing of his that w« revenge — He is more than living still 1 God shelter and keep the nation! God give it enduring peace I And soon may the happy moment come When its long dark day shall cease I But after the words that the Father filMJke fi'om Vernon's sacred sod, We shall hold no richer legacy Than the path the President trod. Uenry Morford, THE FUNEEAL AT WASHINGTON. 1 1 1 IV. THE FUNERAL AT WASHINGTON. When Mr. Lincoln's body had been removed to the Presi dent's House, the embalmers proceeded to prepare it for the grave. Mr. Harry P. Cattell, in the employ of Doctors Brown and Alexander, who, three years before, had prepared so beauti fully the body of little Willie Lincoln, now made as perpetual as art could effect the peculiar features of the late beloved Presi dent. The embalming was performed in the President's own room, in the west wing, in the presence of President Johnson, Generals Augur and Kucker, and the attending physicians of the late President. The body was drained of its blood, and the parts necessary to remove to prevent decay were carefully with drawn, and a chemical preparation injected, which soon hard ened to the consistence of stone, giving the body the firmness and solid immobility of a statue. The solemn sadness of every thing around the Executive Man sion, during the morning of Wednesday, was one of the char acteristics of the day. No person was admitted except those who had charge of the arrangements for the funeral, or such as had some labor to perform in completing the preparations, and the invited guests. It was in reality the house of mourning, and those very rooms which the public have seen on State occasions filled with life, animation, and joy, were dressed in the habili ments of woe. Entering the front door, this stillness seemed almost deathlike. Every person moved along on tiptoe, as if fearful of disturbing the long and deep sleep of the great and good man whose body lay within those walls. The Green Eoom, in which the body had been placed, was darkened, and a shade of night seemed to hang over it. The 112 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. blinds were nearly closed, allowing but a faint streak of light to enter the windows. The doors, windows, cornices, and chandelier were richly hung with the weeds of grief and mourn ing, through which could be faintly seen the rich damask and lace curtains which adorned the room on all other occasions. The numerous large mirrors were also heavily draped, with a panel of white crape covering the face of the glass. In fact, everywhere were the marks of sorrow, which spoke of the be reavement of hearts, of household ties severed, and of a nation weeping and mourning over a chief that has fallen. ' Near the centre of the room stood the grand catafalque, upon which rested the mortal remains of the illustrious dead, inclosed in a beautiful mahogany coffin lined with lead, and with a white satin covering over the metal. It was' finished in the most elaborate style, with four silver handles on each side, stars glis tening between the handles, and a vein of silver winding around the whole case in a serpentine form. To the edges of the lid hung a rich silver tassel, making a chaste and elaborate fringe to the whole case. The silver plate bore the simple inscription : ABRAHAM LINCOLN, SIXTEENTH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, Bom February 13, 1809. Died April 15, 1865. The catafalque stood lengthvsdse to the room, or north and south, and immediately in front of the double doors which lead to the wide hall. The floor of the catafalque was about four feet in height, and approached by one step on all sides, making it easy to view the face of the honored dead. Above this was a canopy, in an arched form, lined on the under side with white fluted satin, covered otherwise with black velvet and crape. Tliis was supported by four posts, heavily encased with the emblem of mourning. The canopy, the posts, and the main body of the catafalque were festooned with crape and fastened at each fold with rosettes of black satin. On the top of the coffin lay three wreaths of moss and ever green, with white flowers and lilies intermingled. At the head of the coffin, standing upon the floor of the catafalque, and lean ing against the metallic case, stood a beautiful cross, made of japonicas, lilies, and other white flowers, as bright and blooming THE FUNERAL AT WASHINGTON. 1 1 3 as though they were still on their parent stem, and had not been plucked to adorn the house of the dead, its pure and im maculate white furnishing a strong contrast with the deep black on all sides. On the foot of the coffin lay an anchor of flowers. Encircling the coffin, in a serpentine form, was a vein of ever greens, studded with pure white flowers, and within its mean dering folds were deposited several wreaths of the same material. These had all been brought by some friendly hands, the tokens of love and affection, and deposited around and near the case that contained the mortal remains of the man who had been near and dear to them. Here, then, were the emblems of tho dead, the marks of rank, the tokens of grief, deep and sorrowful, the signs of love and affection, and the living emblems of purity and happiness hereafter, as well as hope and immortality in the future. Surely the scene in honor to the illustrious dead was a worthy exhibition of the love, esteem, and pride of a free people in their fallen chief — fallen, too, in the midst of his usefulness, and just when his greatness and goodness were being recog nized by all. Steps were arranged rising to the back wall, to enable those behind to witness the ceremony as well as those in front. The guard of honor which had been watching over the body of the illustrious dead were stiU there : — General Hunter, Gen eral Dyer, of the Ordnance Bureau ; General Thomas, of the Quartermaster's Department, assisted by Captain C. E. Nesmith, of New York, and Captain E. Dawes, of Massachusetts. There they stood, guarding with a jealous and anxious eye the earthly casket of their late Commander-in-chief Hunter, compact and dark and reticent, walks about the empty chamber in full uni form, his bright buttons and sash and sword contrasting with his dark blue uniform, gauntlets upon his hands, crape on his arm and blade, his corded hat in his hands, a paper collar just apparent above his velvet tips ; and now and then he speaks to Captain Nesmith or Captain Dawes, of General Harding's staff, rather as one who wishes company than one who has any thing to say. His two silver stars upon his shoulder shine dimly in the draped apartment. He was one of the first in the war to urge the measure which Mr. Lincoln afterwards adopted. The aids walked to and fro, selected without reference to any asso ciation with the late President. Their clothes are rich, their 8 1 14 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. swords wear mourning ; they go in silence ; every thing is fu nereal. " Close by the corpse sit the relatives of the deceased, plain, honest, hardy people, typical as much of the simplicity of our institutions as of Mr. Lincoln's self-made eminence. No blood relatives of Mr, Lincoln were to be found. It is a singular evi dence of the poverty of his origin, and therefore of his exceed ing good report, that, excepting his immediate family, none answering to his name could be discovered, Mrs. Lincoln's relatives were present, however, in some force. Dr. Lyman Beecher Todd, General John B. S. Todd, C. M. Smith, Esq., and Mr. N, W. Edwards, the late President's brother-in-law. Plain, self-made people were here, and were sincerely affected. Captain Eobert Lincoln sat during the services with his face in his handkerchief, weeping quietly, and little Tad, his face red and heated, cried as if his heart would break. Mrs. Lincoln, weak, worn, and nervous, did not enter the East Eoom nor fol low the remains. She was the Chief Magistrate's lady yester day ; to-day, a widow bearing only an immortal name." A few minutes after eleven a. m., a large number of clergy men, representing various sections of the country, came march ing in from the reception-room, and took their positions near the centre of the south end of the room, directly in range with the feet of the corpse. A few minutes later, the delegates from New York city, headed by William Orton, marched in, and, passing along the east side of the catafalque, took their places on the north side of the room, directly opposite the clergy. They had but just stationed themselves, when the heads of bureaus in the several departments made their appearance, and took their places in the northeast comer of the room ; among whom were Kennedy, of the Census Bureau ; Newton, of the Agricultural Bureau ; the several auditors of the Treasury De partment, and the chiefs of most of the bureaus in the War and Navy Departments. Next in order came the city authorities of Washington, with several members of the New York and Philadelphia common councils as invited guests. They took their places by the side of the clergy, and filled the space be tween the latter and the west side of the room. The representatives of the Christian g.nd Sanitary Commis sions here were the next to enter the room, and passing over THE FUNERAL AT WASHINGTON. 115 the same route of the New York delegation, took their station next to the heads of bureaus, on the north side of the room, near the northeast comer. Following close behind these came the Governors of States and their attendants. There were but few Governors of States present. Among the party were Governors Fenton, of New York ; Andrew, of Massachusetts ; Parker, of New Jersey ; Stone, of Iowa ; Oglesby, of Illinois ; Buckingham, of Con necticut ; Brough, of Ohio ; and Lieutenant-Governor Cox, of Maryland, and ex-Governor Farwell, of Wisconsin. They marched around the east side of the body, and took their places on the east side of the room, just east of the heads of bureaus. The Assistant Secretaries followed immediately and took their position just east of the Governors of States. Among these were Charles A. Dana, of the War Department, Captain Fox, of the Navy Department, M. B. Field, of the Treasury, A. W. Eandali, Assistant Postmaster, Judge Otto, of the In terior Department, and T. J. Coffin, Assistant Attorney General. The Assistant Secretaries had but just taken their positions when the members of the Senate were ushered in and took their position on the east side of the room, and east of the space set apart for the Cabinet. In this party were Senators Dixon, Eamsay, Harris, Chandler, Cowan, Sumner, McDougal, Creswell, Wilkinson, Stewart, Nye, Collamer and Sprague. In the same connection were the members of the last House of Eepresentatives who were in town, headed by the Sergeant at Arms and the Clerk of the House, Mr. McPherson. The following are the names of the members present: — Messrs. Darling, Eadford, Herrick, A. W. Clarke, Steele, and T. Clarke, of New York ; Schenck, of Ohio ; Davis, Webster, and Phelps, of Maryland ; O'Neill, Myers, Covode, and Calver, of Pennsylvania ; Higby and Shannon, of California ; Hooper, Dawes, and Gooch, of Massachusetts ; Marston and Rollins, of New Hampshire ; Pike and Eice, of Maine ; Latham, Brad ford and Whaley, of West Yirginia; Famsworth and Arnold, of Illinois ; Donnelly and Winder of Minnesota ; F. W. Kel logg and Tracy, of Michigan. Immediately after these foUowed four members of the Su preme Court — Chief-Justice Chase, Associate Justices Swayne, 116 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. Wayne and Davies — escorted by Marshal Lamon and the Clerk of the Court. They stationed themselves on the right, and next west of the space left for the Cabinet. Then came the diplomatic corps and the members of their legations. Every foreign minister and their attaches now in the country were in the procession. The position assigned to them was next west of the Supreme Court and on the east side of the room. The Judges of the local courts, and such other judicial offi cers of the country who were present in the city were next in tum ushered in, and were assigned a position on the north end of the room, near the members of the Sanitary Commission. Then came the pall-bearers, who were stationed on the north side of the room, near the west side. Speaker Colfax and Sen ator Foster took their position in front, and the others in double file, extending to the rear of the room. The representatives of the army and navy among the pall-bearers went over to a space set apart for those two arms of the public service, and were soon after joined by several officers of the army and navy of more or less note. Among the number was Commodore Golds- borough, General Burnside, and others. The following ladies of the families of the Cabinet and Sen ators then were ushered in, and were stationed immediately in the rear of the Cabinet ministers : Mrs. Stanton, Mrs. Usher, Mrs. and Miss Dennison, Mrs. Welles, Mrs. Sprague, Miss Nettie Chase. Next in order were forty representatives from Illinois and twenty from Kentucky, who had been given in the programme the position of chief mourners. They were assigned a position in the southeast corner of the room, just in the rear of the seats set apart for the family of the President. At precisely twelve o'clock President Johnson was ushered in, supported by Preston King on one side, and ex-Yice-Presi- dent Hamlin on the other, followed by the several members of the Cabinet, with the exception of Secretary Seward. Immediately in front' of the Kentucky and Illinois delega tions was the family of the deceased. Mrs. Lincoln, however, was not able to be present, and the multitude gathered there were not permitted to see the weeping widow as she came to pay the last respects to the body of her honored husband. THE FUNERAL AT WASHINGTON. 117 Captain Eobert Lincoln was the only member of the late Presi dent's immediate family who was present during the ceremony. The other chief mourners were N. W. Edwards and C. M. Smith, of Illinois, brothers-in-law of Mrs. Lincoln. General J. B. S. Todd, of Dacotah, and Dr. L. B. Todd, of Kentucky, cousins of Mrs. Lincoln, were all the blood relatives of the family who participated in the solemn rites. They were seated on the southeast corner of the space in front of the raised plat forms, Eobert resting his head upon his hands, and seemed bowed down with grief at the great loss which he had sustained in the tragic death of his father. A moment before the services commenced President Johnson and Preston King -stepped forward and took the last long gaze at the features of him who but a few days since occupied the chair of the Chief Magistrate of the nation. Eev. Dr. Hall, of the Episcopal church in Washington, opened the services by reading the Episcopal Service of the Dead. Bishop Simpson, of the Methodist Cluirch, then pronounced this prayer : Almighty God, our Heavenly Father, as with smitten and suffer ing hearts we come into thy presence, we pray, in the name of our blessed Kedeemer, that Thou wouldst pour upon us Thy Holy Spirit, that all our thoughts and acts may be acceptable in Thy sight. We adore Thee for all Thy glorious perfections. We praise Thee for the revelation which Thou hast given us in Thy works and in Thy Word. By Thee all worlds exist. All beings live through Thee. Thou raisest up kingdoms and empires, and castest them down. By Thee kings reign and princes decree righteousness. In Thy hand are the issues of life and death. We confess before Thee the mag nitude of our sins and transgressions, both as individuals and as a nation. We implore Thy mercy for the sake of our Kedeemer. For give us all our iniquities. If it please Thee, remove Thy chastening hand from us ; and, though we be unworthy, turn away from us Thine anger, and let the light of Thy countenance again shine upon us. At this solemn hour, as we mourn for the death of our President, who was stricken down by the hand of an assassin, grant us also the grace to bow in submission to Thy holy will. May we recog nize Thy hand high above all human agencies, and Thy power as controlhng all events, so that the wrath of man shall praise Thee, and that the remainder of wrath Thou wilt restrain. Humbled under the suffering we have endured and the great aflSictions through 118 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. which we have passed, may we not be called upon to offer other sacrifices. May the lives of all our officers, both civil and military. be guarded by Thee; and let no violent hand fall upon any of them, Mourning as we do for the mighty dead by whose remains we stand, we would yet lift our hearts unto Thee in grateful acknowl edgment for Thy kindness in giving us so great and noble a com mander. Thou art glorified in good men, and we praise Thee that Thou didst give him unto us so pure, so honest, so sincere, and so tiansparent in character. We praise Thee for that kind, affection. ate heart, which always swelled with feelings of enlarged benev olence. We bless Thee for what Thou didst enable him to do; that Thou didst give him wisdom to select for his advisers and for his officers, military and naval, those men through whom our countiy has been carried through an unprecedented conflict. We bless Thee for the success which has attended all their ef forts, and victories which have crowned our armies ; and that Thou didst spare Thy servant until he could behold the dawning of that glorious morning of peace and prosperity which is about to shine upon our land ; that he was enabled to go up as Thy servant of old upon Mount Pisgah, and catch a glimpse of the promised land. Though his lips are silent and his arm is powerless, we thank Thee that Thou didst strengthen him to speak words that cheer the hearts of the suffering and the oppressed, and to write that decla ration of emancipation which has given him an immortal reward; that though the hand of the assassin has struck him to the ground, it could not destroy the work which he has done, nor forge again the chains which he has broken. And while we mourn that he has passed away, we are grateful that his work was so fully accom plished, and that the acts which he has performed will forever re main. We implore Thy blessing upon his bereaved family, Thou hus band of the widow. Bless her who, broken-hearted and sorrowing, feels oppressed with unutterable anguish. Cheer the loneliness of the pathway which lies before her, and grant to her such consola tions of Thy Spirit, and such hopes, through the resurrection, thai she shall feel that " Earth hath no sorrows which Heaven cannot heal." Let Thy blessing rest upon his sons; pour upon them the spirit of wisdom, be Thou the guide of their youth, prepare them for use fulness in society, for happiness in all their relations. May the re membrance of their father's counsels, and their father's noble acts, ever stimulate them to glorious deeds, and at last may they be heirs of everlasting life. THE FUNERAl. AT WASHINGTON. 119 Command thy rich blessings to descend upon the successor of our lamented President. Grant unto him wisdom, energy, and firmness for the responsible duties to which he has been called; and may he, his cabinet, ofificers, and generals who shall lead his armies, and the brave soldiers in the field, be so guided .by Thy counsels that they shall speedily complete the great work which he had so successfully carried forward. Let Thy blessing rest upon our country. Grant unto us all a fixed and strong determination never to cease our efforts until our glorious Union shall be fully re-established. Around the remains of our loved President may we covenant to gether by every possible means to give ourselves to our country's service until every vestige of this rebeUion shall have been wiped out, and until slavery, its cause, shall be forever eradicated. Preserve us, we pray Thee, from all complications with foreign nations. Give us hearts to act justly towards all nations, and grant unto them hearts to act justly towards us, that universal peace and happiness may fill our earth. We rejoice, then, in this inflicting dispensation Thou hast given, as additional evidence of the strength of our nation. We bless Thee that no tumult has arisen, and in peace and harmony our Government moves onward; and that Thou hast shown that our Republican Government is the strongest upon the face of the earth. In this solemn presence, may we feel that we too are immortal ! May the sense of our responsibility to God rest upon us; may we repent of every sin; and may we consecrate anew unto Thee all the time and all the talents which Thou hast given us ; and may we so fulfil our allotted duties that finally we may have a resting-place with the good, and wise, and the great, who now surround that glorious throne! Hear us while we unite in praying with Thy Church in all lands and in all ages, even as Thou hast taught us, saying — Our Father, &c. The funeral oration was delivered by Rev. P. D. Gurley, D. D., pastor ofthe New York Avenue Presbyterian Church, which Mr. Lincoln- and his family were in the habit of attend ing. 120 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. FAITH IN GOD: A Sermon on the Death of the President, Preached in the East Koom of the Executive Mansion, April 19th, 1865, by the Rev. P. D. GuELEY, D.D., Pastor of the New York Avenue Pij^-sbyterian Church, Wash ington, D. C. Mark xi. 23. — " Have faith in God." As we stand here to-day, mourners around this coffin and around the lifeless remains of our beloved Chief Magistrate, we recognize and we adore the sovereignty of God. His throne is in the heav ens, and His kingdom ruleth over all. He hath done, and He hath permitted to be done, whatsoever he pleased. " Clouds and dark ness are round about him ; righteousness and judgment are the hab itation of His throne." " His way is in the sea, and his path in the great waters, and His footsteps are not known.'' " Canst thou by searching find out God ? Canst thou find out the Almighty unto perfection ? It is as high as heaven: what canst thou do ? deeper than hell: what canst thou know ? The measure thereof is longer than the earth, and broader than the sea. If he cut off, and shut up, or gather together, then who can hinder Him ? For He knoweth vain men ; He seeth wickedness also ; will He not then consider it ?" We bow before his infinite majesty. We bow, we weep, we worship — " Where reason fails, with all her powers. There faith prevails, and love adores." It was a cruel, cruel hand, that dark hand of the assassin, which smote our honored, wise, and noble President, and filled the land with sorrow. But above and beyond that hand, there is another which we must see and acknowledge. It is the chastening hand of a wise and a faithful Father. He gives us this bitter cup. And the cup that our Father hath given us, shall we not drink it ? " God of the just, thou gavest us the cup : We yield to thy behest, and drink it up." " Whom the Lord loveth he chastenoth." Oh,, how these blessed words have cheered, and strengthened, and sustained us through all these long and weary years of civil strife, while our friends and brothers on so many ensanguined fields were falling and dying for the cause of Liberty and Union! Let them cheer, and strengthen, and sustain us to-day. True, this new sorrow and chastening has come in such an hour and in such a way as we thought not, and it bears the impress of a rod that is very heavy, and of a mystery that is very deep. That such a life should be sacrificed, at such a THE FUNERAL AT WASHINGTON. 121 time, by such a foul and diabolical agency; that the man at the head of the nation, whom the people had learned to trust with a confiding and a loving confidence, and upon whom, more than upon any other, were centred, under God, our best hopes for the true and speedy pacification of the country, the restoration of the Union, and the return of harmony and love ; that he should be taken from us, and taken just as the prospect of peace was brightly opening upon our torn and bleeding country, and just as he was be ginning to be animated and gladdened with the hope of ere long enjoying with the people the blessed fruit and reward of his and their toil, and care, and patience, and self-sacrificing devotion to the interests of Liberty and the Union ; — oh, it is a mysterious and a most affiicting visitation ! But it is our Father in heaven, the God of our fathers and our God, who permits us to be so suddenly and sorely smitten; and we know that His judgments are right, and that in faithfulness He has afflicted us. In the midst of our re joicings we needed this stroke, this dealing, this discipline, and therefore he has sent it. Let us remember, our affliction has not come forth of the dust, and our trouble has not sprung out of the ground. Through and beyond all second causes, let us look, and see the sovereign permissive agency of the great First Cause. It is His prerogative to bring light out of dark ness, and good out of evil. Surely the wrath of man shall praise Him, and the remainder of wrath He will restrain. In the light of a clearer day we may yet see that the wrath which planned and perpetrated the death of the President, was overruled, by Him whose judgments are unsearchable and His ways past finding out, for the highest welfare of all those interests which are so dear to the Christian patriot and philanthropist, and for which a loyal people have made such an unexampled sacrifice of treasure and of blood. Let us not be faithless,- but believing. " Blind unbelief is prone to err. And scan His work in vain ; God is His own interpreter. And He will make them plain." We will wait for His interpretation, and we will wait in faith, nothing doubting. He who has led us so well, and defended and prospered us so wonderfully during the last four years of toil, and struggle, and sorrow, udU not forsake us now. He may chasten, but He will not destroy. He may purify us more and more iu the fur nace of trial, but He will not consume us. No, no. He has chosen us as He did His people of old in the furnace of affliction, and He has said of us as He said of them, " This people have I fc^rmed for 122 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. myself ; they shall show forth My praise." Let our principal anx iety now be that this new sorrow may be a sanctified sorrow ; that it may lead us to deeper repentance, to a more humbling sense of our dependence upon God, and to the more unreserved consecration of ourselves and all that we have to the cause of truth and justice, of law and order, of liberty and good government, of pure and un defiled religion. Then, though weeping may endure for a night, joy will come in the morning. Blessed be God! despite of this great, and sudden, and tempo rary darkness, the morning has begun to dawn — ^the morning of a bright and glorious day, such as our country has never seen. That day will come and not tarry, and the death of a hundred Presidents and their Cabinets can never, never prevent it. While we are thus hopeful, however, let us also be humble. The occasion calls us to prayerful and tearful humiliation. It demands of us that we lie low, very low, before Him who has smitten us for our sins. Oh that all our rulers and all our people may bow in the dust to-day, beneath the chastening hand of God! and may their voices go up to Him as one voice, and their hearts go up to Him as one heart, pleading with Him for mercy, for grace to sanctify our great and sore bereavement; and for wisdom to guide us in this our time of need. Such a united cry and pleading will not be in vain. It will enter into the ear and heart of Him who sits upon the throne, and He will say to us, as to His ancient Israel, " In a little wrath I hid My face from thee for a moment; but with everlasting kindness will I have mercy upon thee, saith the Lord, thy Redeemer." I have said that the people confided in the late lamented Presi dent with a full and a loving confidence. Probably no man, since the days of Washington, was ever so deeply and firmly imbedded and inshrined in the very hearts of the people as Abraham Lincoln. Nor was it a mistaken confidence and love. He deserved it, de served it well, deserved it all. He merited it by his character, by his acts, and by the whole tenor, and tone, and spirit of his life. He was simple and sincere, plain and honest, truthful and just, benevolent and kind. His perceptions were quick and clear, his judgments were calm and accurate, and his purposes were good and pure beyond a question. Always and everywhere he aimed and endeavored to be right and to do right. His integrity was thorough, all-pervading, all-controlling, and incorruptible. It was the same in every place and relation, in the consideration and the control of matters great or small, — the same firm and steady prin ciple of power and beauty, that shed a clear and crowning lustre upon all his other excellencies of mind and heart, and recommended THE FUNERAL AT WASHINGTON. 123 him to his fellow-citizens as the man, who, in a time of unexampled peril, when the very life of the nation was at stake, should bo chosen to occupy, in the country and for the country, its highest post of power and responsibility. How wisely and well, how purely and faithfully, how firmly and steadily, how justly and suc cessfully he did occupy that post and meet its grave demands, in circumstances of surpassing trial and difficulty, is known to you all, known to the country and the world. He comprehended from the first the perils to which treason had exposed the freest and best government on the earth — the vast interests of liberty and human ity that were to be saved or lost forever in the urgent impending conflict; he rose to the dignity and momentousness of the occasion, saw his duty as the Chief Magistrate of a great and imperilled people; and he determined to do his duty, and his whole duty, seek ing the guidance and leaning upon the arm of Him of whom it is written, "He giveth power to the faint; and to them that have no might He increaseth strength." Yes; he leaned upon His arm. He recognized and received the truth, that " the kingdom is the Lord's; and He is the governor among the nations." He remembered that " God is in history,'' and he felt that nowhere had His hand and His mercy been so marvellously conspicuous as in the history of this nation. He hoped and he prayed that that same hand would con tinue to guide us, and that same mercy continue to abound to us in the time of our greatest need. I speak what I know, and testify what I have often heard him say, when I affirm, that that guidance and mercy were the prop on which he humbly and habitually leaned; they were the best hope he had for himself and for his country. Hence, when he was leaving his home in Illinois and coming to this city to take his seat in the executive chair of a disturbed and troubled nation, he said to the old and tried friends who gathered tearfully around him and bade him farewell, " I leave you with this request — pray for me." They did pray for him; and millions of others prayed for him; nor did they pray in vain. Their prayer was heard, and the answer appears in all his subsequent history; it shines forth, with a heavenly radiance, in the whole course and tenor of his administration from its commencement to its close. God raised him up for a great and glorious mission, furnished him for his work, and aided him in its accomplishment. Nor was it merely by strength of mind, and honesty of heart, and purity and pertinacity of purpose, that He furnished him ; in addition to these things. He gave him a calm and abiding confidence in the overruling providence of God, and in the ultimate triumph of truth and right eousness through the power and the blessing of God. This confi- 124 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. dence strengthened him in all his hours of anxiety and toil, and in spired him with calm and cheering hope when others were inclining to despondency and gloom. Never shall I forget the emphasis and the deep emotion with which he said, in this very room, to a com pany of clergymen and others who called to pay him their respects in the darkest days of our civil conflict, " Gentlemen, my hope of success in this great and terrible struggle rests on that immutable foundation, the justice and goodness of God. And when events are very threatening and prospects very dark, I still hope that, in some way which man cannot see, all will be well in the end, because our cause is just and God is on our side." Such was his sublime and holy faith, and it was an anchor to his soul both sure and steadfast. It made him firm and strong. It emboldened him in the pathway of duty, however rugged and peril ous it might be. It made him valiant for the right — for ^hc cause of God and humanity; and it held him in steady, patient, and un swerving adherence to a policy of administration which he thought, and which we all now think, both God and humanity required him to adopt. We admired and loved him on many accounts — for strong and various reasons : we admired his childlike simplicity ; his freedom from guile and deceit; his staunch and sterling integrity; his kind and forgiving temper; his industry and patience; his persistent self- sacrificing devotion to all the duties of his eminent position, from the least to the greatest; his readiness to hear and consider the cause of the poor and humble, the suffering and the oppressed; his charity towards those who questioned the correctness of his opin ions and the wisdom of his policy; his wonderful skill in reconciling differences among the friends of the Union, leading them away from abstractions, and inducing them to work together and harmoniously for the common weal; his true and enlarged philanthropy, that knew no distinction of color or race, but regarded all men as brethren and endowed alike by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, among which are "life, hberty, and the pursuit of happiness;" his inflexible purpose that what freedom had gained in our terrible civil strife should never be lost, and that the end of the war should be the end of slavery, and, as a consequence, of rebellion; his readi ness to spend and be spent for the attainment of such a triumph, a triumph the blessed fruits of which should be as wide-spreading as the earth and as enduring as the sun; — all these things commanded and fixed our admiration and the admiration of the world, and stamped upon his character and life the unmistakable impress of greatness. ¦ But more sublime than any or all of these, more holy and influential, more beautiful, and strohg, and sustaining, was his abid- THE FUNERAL AT WASHINGTON. J 25 ing confidence in God, and in tlie final triumph of truth and right eousness through Him and for His sake. This was his noblest vir tue, his grandest principle, the secret alike of his strength, his pa tience, and his success. And this, it seems to me, after being near him steadily and with him often for more than four years, is the principle by which, more than by any other, " he, being dead, yet speaketh." Yes; by his steady enduring confidence in God, and in the complete ultimate success of the cause of God, which is the cause of humanity, more than in any other way, does he now speak to us and to the nation he loved and served so well. By this he speaks to his successor in ofiice, and charges him to have faith in God. By this he speaks to the members of his Cabinet, the men with whom he counselled so often and was associated so long, and he charges them to have faith in God. By this he speaks to all who occupy positions of influence and authority in these sad and troublous times, and he charges them all to have faith in God. By this he speaks to this great people as they sit in sackcloth to-day, and weep for him with a bitter wailing, and refuse to be comforted, and he charges them to have faith in God. And by this he vnll speak through the ages and to all rulers and peoples in every land, and his message to them will be, "Cling to liberty and right; battle for them; bleed for them; die for them, if need be; and have confi dence in God.' Oh that the voice of this testimony may sink down into our hearts to-day and every day, and into the heart of the na tion, and exert its appropriate influence upon our feelings, our faith, our patience, and our devotion to the cause now dearer to us than ever before, because consecrated by the blood of its most conspicuous defender, its wisest and most fondly-trusted friend ! He is dead ; but the God in whom he trusted lives, and He can guide and strengthen his successor as He guided and strengthened him. He is dead ; but the memory of his virtues, of his wise and patriotic counsels and labors, of his calm and steady faith in God, lives, is precious, and will be a power for good in the country quite down to the end of time. He is dead ; but the cause he so ardently loved, so ably, patiently, faithfully represented and defended, not for himself only, not for us only, but for all people in all their com ing generations till time shall be no more — that cause survives his fall, and will survive it. The light of its brightening prospects flashes cheeringly to-day athwart the gloom occasioned by his death, and the language of God's united providences is telling us, that though the friends of liberty die, liberty itself is immortal. There is no assassin strong enough and no weapon deadly enough to quench its inextinguishable life, or arrest its onward march to the 126 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. conquest and empire of the world. This is our confidence and this is our consolation as we weep and mourn to day. Though our be loved President is slain, our beloved country is saved. And so we sing of mercy as well as of judgment. Tears of gratitude mingle with those of sorrow. While there is darkness, there is also the dawning of a brighter, happier day upon our stricken and weary land. God be praised, that our fallen Chief lived long enough to see the day dawn, and the day-star of joy and peace rise upon the nation. He saw it, and he was glad. Alas I alas ! he only saw the dawn. When the sun has risen full-orbed and glorious, and a happy re-united people are rejoicing in its light, it will shine upon his grave. But that grave will be a precious and a consecrated spot. The friends of Liberty and of the Union will repair to it in years and ages to come, to pronounce the memory of its occupant blessed, and gathering from his very ashes and from the rehearsal of his deeds and virtues fresh incentives to patriotism, they will there renew their vows of fidelity to their country and their God. And now I know not that I can more appropriately conclude this discourse, which is but a sincere and simple utterance of the heart, than by addressing to our departed President, with some slight modification, the language which Tacitus, in his Life of Agricola. addresses to his venerable and departed father-in-law: — " With you we may now congratulate : you are blessed, not only because your life was a career of glory, but because you were released when, your country safe, it was happiness to die. We have lost a parent, and, in our distress, it is now an addition to our heartfelt sorrow that we had it not in our power to commune with you on the bed of languishing, and receive your last embrace. Your dying words would have been ever dear to us : your commands we should have treasured up, and graved them on our hearts. This sad comfort we have lost, and the wound, for that reason, pierces deeper. From the world of spirits behold your disconsolate family and people: exalt our minds from fond regret and unavailing grief to the contemplation of .your vir tues. Those we must not lament ; it were impiety to sully them with a tear. To cherish their memory, to embalm them with our praises, and, so far as we can, to emulate your bright example, will be the truest mark of our respect, the best tribute we can offer. Your wife will thus preserve the memory of the best of husbands, and thus your children will prove their filial piety. By dwelling constantly on your words and actions, they will have an illustrious character before their eyes, and, not content with one bare image of your mortal frame, they will have, what is more valuable, the form and features of your mind. Busts and statues, like their origi- THE FUNERAL AT WASHINGTON. 127 nals, are frail and perishable. The soul is formed of finer elements, and its inward form is not to be expressed by the hand of an artist with unconscious matter : our manners and our morals may in some degree trace the resemblance. All of you that gained our love, and raised our admiration, still subsists, and will ever subsist, preserved in the minds of men, the register of ages and the records of fame. Others, who figured on the stage of life, and were the worthies of a former day, will sink, for want of a faithful historian, into the com mon lot of oblivion, inglorious and unremembered ; but you, our lamented friend and head, delineated with truth, and fairly consigned to posterity, will survive yourself, and triumph over the injuries of time." At the conclusion of the sermon, after a brief silence, Dr. Gray, chaplain of the United States Senate, offered the follow ing prayer. 0 Lord God of Hosts, behold a nation prostrate before Thy throne, clothed in sackcloth, who stand around all that now remains of our illustrious and beloved chief. We thank Thee that Thou hast given to us such a patriot, and the country such valor, and to the world such a noble specimen of manhood. We bless Thee that Thou hast raised him to the highest position of trust and power in the nation, and that Thou hast spared him so long to guide and di rect the affairs of government in its hour of peril and conflict. We trusted it would be he who should deliver Israel, that he would have been retained to us while the nation was passing through its baptism of blood; but in an evil hour, in an unexpected moment, when joy and rejoicing filled our souls and was thrilling the hearts of the nation, he fell. 0 God, give grace to sustain us under this dark and mysterious providence ; help us to look up unto Thee and say. Not our will, but Thine, 0 God, be done. We commend to Thy merciful regard and tender compassion the afifiicted family of the deceased. Thou seest how their hearts are stricken with sor row and wrung with agony. Oh help them as they are now passing through a dark valley and shadow of death, to fear no evil, but to lean upon Thy staff for support. Oh help them to cast their burden upon the great Burden-bearer and find, relief. Help them to look beyond human agencies and human means, and recognize Thy hand, 0 God, in this providence, and say. It is the Lord, let Him do what seemeth good in His sight; and as they proceed slowly and sadly on their way with the remains of a husband and father, to consign tliem to their last resting-place, may they look beyond the grave to 128 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. the morning of resurrection, when that which they now sow in weak ness shall be raised in strength; what they now sow a mortal body, shall be raised a spiritual body; what they now sow in corruption shall be raised in incorruption, and shall be fashioned like unto Christ's most glorious body. 0 God of the bereaved, comfort and sustain this mourning family. Bless the new Chief Magistrate. Let the mantle of his predeces sor fall upon him. Bless the Secretary of State in his family. 0 God, if possible according to Thy will, spare their lives, that they may render still important service to the country. Bless all the members of the Cabinet; endow them with wisdom from above. Bless the commanders of our army and navy and all the brave de fenders of the country, and give them continued success. Bless the ambassadors from foreign countries, and give us peace with the nations of the earth. 0 God, let treason that has deluged our land with blood, and devastated our country, and bereaved our homes, and filled them with widows and orphans, and has at length cul minated in the assassination of the nation's great ruler, God of jus tice and avenger of the nation's wrong ! let the work of treason cease, and let the guilty author of this horrible crime be arrested and brought to justice. Oh hear the cry and prayer, and see the tears now arising from a nation's crushed and smitten heart; and deliver us from the power of all our enemies, and send speedy peace unto all of our borders : through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. The hearse arrived shortly before the conclusion of the ser vices in the White House. It was built expressly by G. E. Hall. The lower base of the hearse is fourteen feet long and seven feet wide, and eight feet from the ground. The upper base, upon which the coffin rests, is eleven feet long, and is five feet below the top of the canopy. The canopy is sur mounted by a gilt eagle, covered with crape. The whole hearse is covered with cloth, velvet, crape, and alpaca. The seat is covered with hammer-cloth, and on each side is a splen did black lamp. The hearse is fifteen feet high, and the coffin is so placed as to afford a full view to all spectators. It was drawn by six gray horses. The funeral cortege started with military precision at two o'clock. The avenue was cleared the whole length from the Presidential mansion to the Capitol. Every window, house top, balcony, and every inch of the sidewalks on either side was densely crowded with a living throng to witness the pro- THE FUNERAL AT WASHINGTON. 1 29 cession. In all this dense crowd hardly a sound was heard. People conversed with each other in sup])ressed tones. Pres ently the monotonous thump of the funeral drum sounded upon the street, and the military escort of the funeral car began to march past with solemn tread, muffled drums, and arms reversed. A scene so solemn, imposing, and impressive as that whicli the national metropolis presented, and upon which myriad eyes of saddened faces were gazing, was never witnessed, undei' circumstances so appalling, in any portion of our beloved country. Around us is the capital city, clad in the habil iments of mourning; above us, the cloudless sky, so bright, so tranquil, so cheerful, as if Heaven would, on this solemn occa sion, specially invite us, by the striking contrast, to turn our thoughts from the darkness and the miseries of this life to the light and the joy that shine, with endless lustre, beyond it. The mouniful strains of the funeral dirge, borne on the gentle zephyrs of this summer-like day, touch a responsive chord iu every human heart of the countless thousands'that, with solemn demeanor and measured step, follow to their temporary resting- place in the nation's capitol the cold, inanimate form of one who, living, was the honored Chief Magistrate of the American people, and, dead, will ever be endeared in their fondest mem ories. Never did a generous and grateful people pay, in an guish and tears, a tribute riiore sincere or merited to a kind, humane, and patriotic chieftain ; never were the dark and bloody deeds of crime brought out in relief so bold, and in horror and detestation so universal, as in the sublime and im posing honors this day tendered to the corpse of Abraham Lincoln. Such a scene is the epoch of a lifetime. Strong men are deeply affected ; gentle women weep ; children are awe-stricken ; none will ever forget it. Memory has conse crated it on her brightest tablet ; and it will ever be thought, spoken, and written of as the sublime homage of a sorrowing nation at the shrine of the martyred patriot. The following was in the main the order of procession : Tenth Regiment, Veteran Reserve Corps, Ma,ior George Bowers commanding. The Ninth Regiment, Veteran Reserve Corps, Lieut. Colonel li. E. Johnson , the band playing a dirge. Colonel George W. Gile was in command of the brigade, whoso flags were draped iu mourning. The men marched with reversed arms and mufflad drums. 14 130 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. Battalion of Marines, Major Graham. The Marine Band played the funeral march, composed by. Brevet Major-Gen eral J. G. Barnard, dedicated to the occasion. A detachment of artillery from Camp Barry, consisting of eight brass pieces draped'in motirniilg, the whole under the command of Brigadier General Hall. Sixteenth New York cavalry ; two battalions of the Sixteenth Illiuois cav alry ; and one battalion of the Eighteenth Illinois cavalry, under the command of Colonel M. B. Sweitzer. Band of the Sixteenth New York cavalry. Commandej; of escort, Major-General Augur and Staff. General Hardee and Staff General Gamble and Staff. Dismounted Officers of the Marine Corps, Navy, and Army, nearly three hun dred in number. Mounted Officers of Marine Corps, Navy, and Army, in very large numbers. Several hundred paroled officers of the army. Medical Staff of the army, &c.,. in and. about Washington. Paymasters of the United States army, under the command of Brevet Brig adier-General B. W. Brice, Paymaster General. CIVIC PROCESSION. Marshal Ward H. Lamon, supported by his aids. The dergy in attendance, the Rev. P. D. Gurley, D.D., Rev. Charles H. Hall, D.D. ¦ i Right Rev. Bishop Simpson, D.D., and Rev. E. H. Gray, D.D., Surgeon- General Barnes, of the United States army, and Dr., Stone, physicians of the deceased. PALL-BEAEEES : On the part of the Senate : Mi. Foster, of Conn., Mr. Morgan; of New York, Mr. Jojinson, of Md., Mr. Ya,tes, of Illinois, Mr. Wade, of Ohio, Mr. Coimess, of California. ABMY. ' Lieut. General U. S. Grant, Majgr-Geperal H. W. Halleck, Bt, Brigadier-General Nichols. On the part of the House : Mr. Dawes, of Mass., Mr. Coffroth, of Perni., Mr. Smith, of Kentucky, Mr. Colfax, of Indiana, Mr. Worthington, of Nevada, Mr. Washburne, of HI. NAVT. Vice-Admiral Farragut, Bear-Admiral Shubrick, Colonel Jacob Zeilen, M. C'ps. CIVTLIAIIS. O. H. Browning, Thomas Corwin, George Ashmun. Simeon Cameron. The Hearse, drawn by six gray horses, each led by a groom. The horse of the deceased, led by two grooms, caparisoned. The family of the deceased, relatives, private secretaries, and friends. Delegations of the States of Dlinois and Kentucky as mourners. The President of the United States, accompanied by Hon. Preston King. Members of the Cabinet. The Diplomatic Corps in fuU Court Dress. THE FUNERAL AT WASHINGTON. 131 Ex Vice-President Hamlin. Chief-Justice S. P. Chase and tlie Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. The Senate of the United States, with their officers. Members of the late and the next House of Representatives, with the officers of the last House. Governors of the several States and Territories. Members of the State and Territorial Legislatures. Judges of the Court of Claims. The Federal Judiciary and the Judiciary of the several States and Terri tories. Assistant Secretaries of the several Departments. Officers of the Smithsonian Institution. Members and officers of the Sanitary and Christian Commissions. The Judges of the several Courts, and members of the Bar of the city of Washington. Band. Washington Commandary of Knights Templar, S. P. Bell, Marshal, pre ceded by the band of the Campbell Hospital, with the banners of their order. The Councils and other m.embers of the Corporation of the city of Baltimore. Members of the Corporation of Alexandria. Members of the Councils of the city of New York. The Select and Common Councils of the city of Philadelphia. Also, dele gations from the civic authorities of Boston, and Brooklyn, N. Y. Committee of the Union League of Philadelphia, headed by Horace Binney, Jr., Esq., and Morton McMichael, Esq. Members of the Christian Commission of the city of Philadelphia. Band. T'he Perseverance Hose Company of the city of Philadelphia, of which Pre sident Lincoln was an honorary member, in black suits, with badges on their hats designating their organization. The Corporate Authorities of Washington and Georgetown, headed by Mayors of five cities, Washington, Georgetown, Alexandria, Baltimore, and Boston. Ministers of various religious denominations, white and colored. Delegations from the various States in the following order : Massachusetts, about seventy-five in number, besides the band, which they brought from Boston. The State flag which they bore was draped in mourn ing. Major-General B. F. Butler, in citizen's dress, occupied a position in this portion of the line ; Marshal Gardiner Tufts. New Hampshire, numbering about twenty men ; Marshal Matthew Q. Emery. Ohio had eighty men in line, under the marshalship of H. M. Slade, Esq. New York numbered three hundred. New Jersey was represented by one hundred of her sons, and led by Mr. Prevost, acting marshal. California, Oregon, and Nevada united and had one hundred representatives of the Far West, tmder the marshalship of Mr. Wray. Maine sent a large delegation, led by Mr. S. P. Brown. Band. The heads and chiefs of Btu-eaus of the Treasury Department, under the 132 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. marshalship of Messrs. A. E. Edwards, assisted by Capt. Jones and Col. WU- lett, preceded by the band of the Treasury Regiment. They carried with them the flag torn by Booth, as he leaped to the stage of Ford's Theatre on the night of the assassination. The Journeymen Bookbinders and Printers of the Government establishment, marshalled by Mr. George W. Francis. The War Department employees turned out in large force, and were mar shalled by Mr. Potts. The Pension Office had one hundred employees in line, marshalled by Com missioner Barrett and Mr. Pearson, chief clerk. The clerks and employees of the Post-office Department were marshalled by Dr. McDonald and Major Scott. The clerks of the Ordnance Office. The clerks of the Agricultural Bureau. Quartermaster's Band. Major-General M. C. Meigs, and the heads of divisions of the Quartermaster's Department. A brigade, composed of the employees of the Quartermaster's Department. Office battalion Quartermaster's regiment, Major Wagner commanding. Krst regiment Quartermaster's Volunteers, Col. C. H. Tompkins commanding. Second regiment. Col. J. M. Moore commanding. Brig.-General Rucker commanded the brigade, and Brig.-General J. A. Ekin and Col. J. J. Dana were the marshals. Clerks of the Quartermaster's Department, in citizens' dress. Eight survivors of the war of 1813 — viz.. Chapman Lee, Fielder R. Dorsett, Smith Minor, Thomas Foster, R. M. Harrison, Isaac Burch, Joseph P. Wolf, and Capt. John Moore. The clerks and employees of the Baltimore Custom-house and Post-office, marshalled by Dr. E. C. GasfciU, one hundred and eighty in number, with band of the Eighth Regiment, U. S. Infantry. Society of the Brotherhood of the Union, Capitol Cirde No. 1. Thomas H. Robinson marshal. ' Band. The Fenian Brotherhood, Marshal P. H. Don^an, State Centre, D. C, three hundred men, their flag draped. A detachment of the guard stationed at Seminary Ho^ital, Georgetown, marshalled by Sergeant Conway. Band.Employees of the United States Military Railroad, under the command of General McCuUum. The National Republican Association of the Seventh Ward, marshalled by Captain McConnell. A delegation of citizens of Alexandria, headed by the band attached to Gen. Slough's headquarters. Firemen of Alexandria : Friendship and Sun Fire Companies. Civic societies of Alexandria ; Andrew Jackson Lodge A. Y. M. Delegation from the Christian Commission of Alexandria. Two German Glee Clubs. The Mount Vernon Association. The Potomac Hose Company, of Georgetown, Samuel R, Swain, marshal. THE FUNERAL AT WASHINGTON. 133 About four hundred convalescents from the Lincoln Hospital, preceded by their band. Workingmen and mechanics of the Mount Clair Works, Baltimore, to the number of seven hundred, were marshalled by Wm. H. Shepley. Convalescents from Pinley Hospital to the number of nearly three hundred, under charge of Steward HUl. Operatives employed at the Arsenal, under the marshalship of WiUiam H. Godron. Two hundred and fifty pupUs of Gonzaga College, under the charge of Father Wiget, with whom were a number ol' CathoUc clergymen and teachers. Band. Union Leagues of East Baltimore, Washington, Georgetown, and New York, ¦ marshaUed by James D. McKean. German societies and citizens : ReUef Association of Washington, mounted ; Relief Association, on foot ; Turners, of Washington ; Washington Sanger-- bund ; Germania Lodge, No. 1, Order of Odd FeUows ; FrankUn Lodge of In dependent Brothers, No. 1 ; and the Swiss Association. Marshal, Col. Joseph Gerhaidt, assisted by Messrs. Charles Walter, F. Stosch, M. Rosenberg, F. Martin, Andrew Lutz, and Franz Buehler. The delegation was headed by Lebnartz's Baltimore band. The Sons of Temperance, preceded by the band of Carver Hospital, and was marshaUed by G. W. P., F. M. Bradley ; divisions No. 1 and 10, Good Samari tan and Meridian, marshaUed by P. W. Summy ; Excelsior Division, No. 6, Federal City Division, No. 2, and Equal Division, No, 3, marshaUed by S. C. Spurgeon and S. S. Bond, and preceded by a band ; Aurora Division, No. 9 (Finley Hospital), marshaUed by H. D. Maynard ; Lincoln Division, marshaUed by M. F. KeUey ; Mount Pleasant Division, Sergeant 0. G. Lane marshal ; Cliffburne Division, J. M. Roney marshal ; Mount Vernon and McKee Divi sions, Alexandria, T. A. Dolan marshal ; Everett Division, No. 25 (Camp Barry), W. H. Perkins marshal. The Columbia Typographical Society, marshalled by Mr. L. F. Clements. The Hebrew Congregation, one hundred and twenty-five men, marshaUed by B. Kaufman. A delegation of two or three hundred Italians, under the marshalship of ex Lieutenant Maggi. They cairied the national flags of Italy and the United States. Convalescents from Emory Hospital, under Hospital Steward W. C. BrauhiU. Colored people to the number of several thousand, among whom were the foUowing : The Annual Conference of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, headed by Right Revs. Bishops Payne and Wayman. Clergy of the various denominations. G. U. 0. 0. Nazarites, marshal Noah Butler. Delegation of the First Colored Christian Commission of Baltimore. D. A. Payne Lodge of Good Samaritans, The G. U. 0. 0. FeUows, preceded by the Grand CouncU. Blue Lodge of Ancient York Masons. Masonic Grand Lodge of the United States and Canadas. Colored citizens of Baltimore, George A. Hackett chief marshal. Washington United Benevolent Association, who carried with them a ban ner on which was inscribed the words, " We mourn our loss." 134 LINCOLN MEMORIAL Band. Colored men of Washington Sons of Levi. Eastern Star Lodge, No. 1,028, I. O. 0. F. John P. Cook Lodge, No. 1,185. Union Friendship Lodge, No. 891. Potomac Union Lodge, of Georgetown, No. 893 Olive Lodge, No. 967, A. Y. M. The Catholic Benevolent Association, carrying a banner bearing the motto, " In God we trust." HaiTaony Lodge of Odd FeUows. Union Grand Lodge of Maryland A colored regiment from the front arrived at precisely two o'clock, and Hot being able to proceed any further than the comer of Seventh street, halted" in front of the Metropolitan Hotel, wheeled about, and became by that manoeuvre the very head and front of the procession. They appeared to be under the very best disdpUne, and displayed admirable skill in their various exercises. Long before the solemnities began at the White House, crowds of people flocked to the Capitol. The magnificent edifice was handsomely draped with black. All the pillars and windows wore the solemn emblems of mourning, and high upon the splendid dome the same sad symbols drooped despondingly. It was arranged that the funeral procession should pass up by the north side of the Capitol, and enter the building at the cen tral door of the east front. There stood the black platform by means of which the coffin was to be lifted down from the car, and over the central door there was a small black canopy. The people gathered in groups, picnicked on the grass or covered the marble steps. Inside there reigned a solenm silence, broken only by the thimders of artillery just beyond the Capitol grounds. On the west balcony sat Simon Cameron, who was to have been one of the pall-bearers, but who was unable to get into the Wliite House, and so awaited the arrival of the pro cession. The tolling of bells and the minute-guns from the forts an nounced that the cortege was forming, and made the solemnity of the deserted Capitol almost oppressive. Then the mournful pageant could be discerned moving slowly down the grand avenue — ^moving, and yet it did not, seem to move, so gradual was its advance. It was after three o'clock before the Presi dent's remains reached the rotunda. AU the pictures on the rotunda walls were covered with black, and the statues were completely draped, except the statue of Washington, which wore a black scarf. In the centre of the THE FUNERAL AT WASHINGTON. 135 marble floor stood the catafalque, covered with black.,. It was about nine feet long, three feet high, and four feet broad.: . The black cloth was ornamented with silver fringe and looped with silver stars. At each corner of the structure was the fasces, and on either side were muskets, rifles,, carbines, bayonets, sabres, and cutlasses, arranged as trophies. No flag was displayed in the rotunda. On every hand were the black hangings and the black crape, and the effect was inexpressibly gloomy. Just after three o'clock the head of the cortege wheeled into the open space in front of the eastern entrance. The soldiers filed past in the order already given, and when the infantry extended quite across the open space they halted and faced inward, thus inclosing the entrance in a military square. The artillery passed behind the infantry, and took a position on the hill op posite the entrance. The cavalry renaained without in the street. Then the officers of the army and navy gathered in great groups in front of the infantry. Finally, the carriages rolled slowly up to deposit the pall-bearers, mourners, and Committee of Ar rangements, who formed in double line up the steps leading to the east door. On either hand, and behind the soldiery, •throngs of spectators looked silently on, the colored men and women being especially conspicuous, since they had seom-ed the best posts of observation. A burst of sad melodies filled the air, and the funeral car stopped to allow Abraham Lincoln to enter the Capitol for the last time. Six weeks and a half ago President Lincoln stood upon a platform built over the very steps up which he was now being carried, and delivered his second inaugural address. With few exceptions the same faces surrounded hiin tlieii as now. Then the same crowd was assembled to do him honor, and long lines of soldiers presented arms at his approach — just as they do to day. Though the Lieutenant-General was not present then, VicerAdmii'al Farragut . stood by the President's .side, and, the glittering galaxies of brave officers of the army and navy were there, and the Cabinet ministers were at his left hand, and Andrew Johnson was quite as conspicuous,. and Senators and Congressmen and , diplomatists were as numerous. Then the sun broke through, the storm-clouds as if blessing him, and now it beamed as brightly upon his upturned face. There was the same scene, the same actors, the same spectators ; but oVer all 136 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. there was a terrible change. Then the President lived, and now he lay in his coffin, murdered by his assassin. Then he spoke pious words of peace, of good-will, and of his steadfast determination to preserve the Union. Now he spoke stiU more powerfully in his death, and every man felt the force of the lesson taught by that cold still form, and said amen to its moral. The troops presenting arms, the bands playing a requiem, the assemblage standing uncovered, and the artillery thunder ing solemnly, the coffin was carefully removed from the funeral car, carried into the rotunda by a detail from the President's bodyguard, and placed upon the catafalque. Preceding the little procession came Major French, whose officers stood in line with heads bared. Then followed the pall-bearers, who parted on either side of the catafalque. The coffin came next, and the moment it was placed in position. Dr. Gurley, standing at the head of the coffin, uttered a few brief and most impressive re marks, chiefly ia solemn words of Scripture, consigning the dead ashes once animated by the soul of Abraham Lincoln to their original dust. The deep tones of his voice reverberated from the vast walls and ceiling of the rotunda, now first used for such a solemn occasion, and during the impressive scene many were ¦ affected to tears : — " It is appointed unto men once to die. The dust returns to the earth as it was, and the spirit to God who gave it. All flesh is but as grass, and the glory of man as the flower of grass; the grass withereth, and the flower thereof fadeth away. We know that we must die and go to the house appointed for all living. For what is our life ? It is even as a vapor that appeareth for a little time and then vanishes away. Therefore, be ye also ready; for in such an hour as ye think not the Son of Man cometh. Let us pray — " Lord, so teach us to number our days that we may apply our hearts unto wisdom. Wean us from this transitory world. Turn away our eyes from beholding vanity. Lift our aflections to the things which are above, where Christ sitteth on the right hand of Grod. There may our treasure be, and there may our hearts be also. Wash us in the blood of Christ. Clothe us in the righteousness of Christ. Kenew and sanctify us by his word and spirit. Lead us in the paths of piety for his name's sake. Gently, Lord, oh gently guide us through all the duties and changes and trials of our earthly pilgrimage. Dispose us to pass the time of our sojourning here iu THE FUNERAL AT WASHINGTON. 137 fear, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, and living soberly, righteously, and godly in this present world; and when, at the last, our time shall come to die, may we be gathered to our fathers, leav ing the testimony of a good conscience in the communion of the Christian Church, in the confidence of a certain faith, in the comfort of a reasonable, religious, and holy hope, in favor with Thee, our God, and in perfect charity with the world: all which we ask through Jesus Christ, our blessed Lord and Redeemer. Amen. " Forasmuch as it hath pleased Almighty God, in his wise provi dence, to take out of this clay tabernacle the soul that inhabited it, we commit its decaying remains to their kindred element — earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust — looking for the general resur rection, through our Lord Jesus Christ, at whose coming to judge the world, the earth and sea shall give up their dead, and the corrup tible bodies of them that sleep in Him shall be fashioned like unto his glorious body, according to the working whereby He is able to subdue all things unto himself. Wherefore, let us comfort one another with these words. And now may the God of Peace, that brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus, that great Shepherd of the sheep, through the blood of the everlasting covenant, make you perfect in every good work, to do his will, working in you that which is well-pleasing in his sight, through Jesus Christ, the resur rection and the life, our Redeemer and our hope, to whose care we now commit these precious remains, and to whose name be glory forever and ever. Amen." As the prayer closed. President Johnson entered the rotimda, attended by several senators. Lieutenant-General Grant, who had hitherto stood modestly but conspicuously among the pall bearers, next to General Halleck, now fell back out of sight. Captain Eobert Lincoln and the family relatives appeared more prominently. Then the President's bodyguard and the cavalry escort filed in and formed in double column to the west of the catafalque. The only persons in the rotunda were the relatives, the clergymen, the officers in charge of the body, the pall bearers, the President and his Cabinet, four representatives of the press, the Illinois and Kentucky delegations. Marshal Lamon and a few of his committee, the soldiers akeady mentioned, Commissioner French, and the Capitol police. There was no delay in Dr. Gurley's remarks, and the shuffling of feet as the dis tinguished persons outside tried to steal in before the conclusion of the ceremonies was the only interruption. The prayer fol- 138 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. lowed close upon the burial service, and the benediction as closely followed the prayer. The rotunda was then cleared, and President Lincoln lay almost alone. A detail of soldiers was then made. Guards were stationed at all the doors leading from the rotunda. In structions were issued to admit no one. Secretary Stanton re mained behind for a while, apparently to give these orders and see them executed. General Augur and his officers took charge of the corpse. Commissioner French stationed his officers around the building. The attendant carefully brushed every spot of dust from the coffin and catafalque. The undertaker then arrived, and all those not on duty retired. The simple ceremonies in the rotunda were over by four o'clock. The corpse of the President was placed beneath the right con cave, now streaked with mournful trappings, and left in state, watched by guards of officers with drawn swords. This was a wonderful spectacle — ^the man most beloved and honored, in the ark of the Republic. The storied paintings representing eras in its history were draped in sable, through which they seemed to cast reverential glances upon the lamented bier. The thrilling scenes depicted by Trumbull, the commemorative canvases of Leutze, the wilderness vegetation of PoweU, glared from their separate pedestals upon the central spot where lay the fallen majesty of the country. At night the jets of gas concealed in the spring of the dome were lighted up, so that their bright re flection upon the frescoed walls hurled masses of burning Ught, like marvellous haloes, upon the little box where so much that was loved and honored rested on its way to the grave. And so through the starry night, iu the fane of the great Union he had strengthened and recovered, the ashes of Abraham Lincoln, zealously guarded, lay in calm repose. V. OBSERVANCES IN OTHER CITIES. Thb veil that hides from our dull eyes A hero's worth, Death only lifts : While he is with us, all liis gifts Find hosts to question, few to prize. But, done the battle— won the strife, When torches light his vaulted tomb. Broad gems flash out and crowns illnme The clay-cold brows undecked in life. And men of whom the world will talk For agea hencf. may noteless move; And only, as tliey quit us, prove That giant suuls have shared our walk. E(ir heaven — aware what follies lurk In onr weak hearts — their mission do"e. Snatches her loved ones from the sun In the same hour that crowns their worl;. O, loved and lost! thy patient toil Had robed our cause in Victory's light : Our Country stood redeemed and brighr, With not a slave on all lier soil. Again o'er Southern towns and tuwera The eagles of our nation flew ; And as the weeks to Summer grew, Each day a new success was ours. *Mid peals of bells, nod cannon bark. — And shouting streets witli flags abloom.— Sped the shrill arrow of thy doom, * And in an instant all was dark I Charles G. Ilalpitie. FUNERAL SERVICES IN OTHER CITIES. 141 V. FUNERAL SERVICES IN OTHER CITIES. THE FAST DAT. On the death of the President, and in the condition to which the Secretary of State was reduced, Mr. Hunter, the Acting Secretary, issued the foUowing official document. DiaPABTMENT OF State, Washington, April 17, 1865. To the People ofthe United States: The undersigned is directed to announce that the funeral cere monies of the lamented Chief Magistrate will take place at the Executive Mansion in this city at twelve o'clock, noon, on Wednes day, the 19th instant. The various religious denominations through out the country are invited to meet in their respective places of worship at that hour for the purpose of solemnizing the occasion with appropriate ceremonies. W. HUNTER, Acting Secretary of State. The invitation which it contained was cordially responded to ; as the following, from those denominations whose organiza tions made the pastoral direction of a Bishop necessary, testify. . To the Clergy and Laity of the Diocese of New York : Dgak Brethren — The authorities at Washington have announced that the funeral solemnities of the late President of the United States will take place in that city at twelve o'clock on Wednesday of this week ; and they have expressed the hope that each Christian con gregation in tho country will assemble at that hour in its place Of 142 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. worship and unite in services of an appropriate character. In tint, suggestion I most heartily concur, as I am sure you will. I do there fore most affectionately recommend to the clergy and congregations of this diocese to appear before God in their holy places, on Wed nesday, the 19th, at noon, and while the last offices are being per formed over the mortal remains of their late venetrated Chief Ma gistrate, to bow down in humble recognition of the Almighty hand, to adore His Majesty, to revere His justice, to magnify His mercies, to implore Him to sanctify to us His dealings vrith us as a people, and at the same time to testify respect for the memory of the wise, upright, and benignant ruler who has been so mysteriously removed from this mortal scene. The following order of services is hereby appointed for the occasion ; 1. The Lesser Litany — " 0 Christ, hear us," &c., and including the Prayer — " We humbly beseech thee," &c. 3. The Anthem, iu the Burial OflBce — " Lord, let me know my end," &c. 3. The Lesson — 1st Corinthians, xv. 30. 4. A Hymn. 5. The Prayer for the Nation in Affliction, as recently set forth. 6. The prayer, " In time of war and tumult." 7. The two prayers at the end of the burial service. 8. " The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ," &c. Again commending you, very dear brethren, to the divine protec tion and blessing, I remain, most affectionately, your brother in Christ, HORATIO POTTER, Bishop of New Tork. New York, Easter Monday, April 17, 1865. To the Reverend Clergy of the Diocese of Western New York : Reverend Brethren — The death of the President of the United States, by the hand of an assassin, is a calamity which it needs no words to impress on the heart of the nation. The crime is not regicide, but it is parricide. That such an unnatural sin should have been committed against the Divine Majesty and against the ruler of a free people, is cause . for profound humihation not less than unfeigned sorrow. In obedience to the new order of his Excellency the Governor, the service for the 20th instant is changed as follows : Instead of the Venite, shall be used (Psalm 51st), the Miserere. The first lesson, followed by the Benedicite, shall be Deuteronomy xxxu., to verse 42 ; and the second lesson, St. Matthew xi., from verse 15th. The Litany shall be said entire. Other appropriate devotions from the prayer-book may be used at FUNERAL SERVICES IN OTHER CITIES. 143 the discretion of the minister, and also those for the nation and rulers, as set forth by my Reverend predecessor. On Wednesday, the day of the President's funeral, the burial service may be said at twelve o'clock, omitting the committal. The Lord be with you, and with all our afflicted countrymen. Your affectionate Bishop, A. CLEVELAND COXE. Easter Monday, New Tork, April 17, 1865. Fellow-Citizens — A deed of blood has been perpetrated which has caused every heart to shudder, and which calls for the execra tion of every citizen. On Good Friday, the hallowed anniversary of our blessed Lord's crucifixion, when all Christendom was bowed down in penitence and sorrow at His tomb, the President of these United States was foully assassinated, and a wicked attempt was made on the life of the Secretary of State ! Words fail us in ex pressing detestation for a deed so atrocious — hitherto, happily, un paralleled in our history. Silence is, perhaps, the best and most ap propriate expression for a sorrow too great for utterance. We are quite sure that we need not remind our Catholic brethren in the Archdiocese of the duty — which we are confident they vnll willingly perfbrm — of uniting with their fellow-citizens in whatever may be deemed most suitable for indicating their horror of the crime, and their feeling of sympathy for the bereaved. We also invite them to join together in humble and earnest supplication to God for our beloved but afflicted country; and we enjoin that the bells of all our chu'-cbes be solemnly tolled on the occasion of the President's fu neral. Given from our residence in Baltimore on Holy Saturday, the 15th day of April, 1865. MARTIN JOHN SPALDING, Archbishop of Baltimore. Rev. Dear Sir — ^We hereby request that to-morrow you will an nounce to your people in words expressive of your common sorrow the melancholy tidings which have oome so suddenly amid the first rejoicings of the Easter festival to shock the heart of the nation, and plunge it into deepest distress and mourning. A life most precious to all, the life of the honored President of these United States, has been brought to a sad and startling close by the violent hand of an assassin ; the life of the Secretary of State and that of his son have been assailed by a similar act of wickedness, and both are now lying in a critical condition. While bowing down in humble fear and in 144 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. tearful submission to this inscrutable dispensation of Divine Provi dence, let us all unite in pouring forth our prayers and supplications with renewed earnestness for our beloved country in this mournful and perilous crisis. Given at New York, tliis 15th day of April, 1865. 4" JOHN, Archbishop of New York. Secretary's Office, No. 198 Madison-Avb. New York, April 17, 1865. Reverend and Dear Sir — As the funeral obsequies of the late lamented President of the United States will take place in Washing ton City on Wednesday next, the 19th inst., the Most Reverend Archbishop directs that, in sympathy with the national sorrow, the various churches of the city and Diocese be open on that day for public service at 10| o'clock, a. m., and that at the several Masses the collect, " Pro quacumque tribulatione," be recited in addition to the usual collects of the day. It is likewise recommended that at the end of Mass the psalm Mise rere should be read or chanted, supplicating God's mercy for our selves and all the people. By order of the Most Reverend Archbishop. FRS. McNEIRNT, Secretary. To the Reverend Clergy and Faithful of the Diocese of Philadelphia : Reverend Brethren and Beloved Children — It is not necessary for us to announce to you the sad calamity which has befallen the nation. It is already known in every city, village, and hamlet of our widely extended country. Everywhere it has sent a thrill of horror through the hearts of all true and law-abiding citizens. We desire thus publicly to declare both for ourselves and you our utter abhorrence and execration of the atrocious deed, and at the same time, our sympathy and condolence with all our fellow-citizens, and especially with those most nearly interested in this sad and afflicting bereavement. We desire to enter fully and cordially into the uni versal expression of the national grief and into the public demon strations by which it is appropriately manifested. In times of peril and danger, it is the duty of all to recur by most earnest prayer to the Divine Disposer of all events, and with due resigna tion to our existing afflictions and calamities, to pour forth our sup plications to God that we may be saved from future and impending evils. We prescribe to the clergy the recitation, in the Holy Sacri fice of the Mass, of the prayer " Pro quacumque tribulatione," for the space of one month, and enjoin on the faithful the sacred duty of im- FDNERAL SERVICES IN OTHER CITIES. 1 45 ploring in their daily prayers and devotions the aid of Almighty God to our afflicted nation in its necessities. Dominus sit semper vdbiscum. JAMES FREDERIC, Bishop of Philadelphia. Easter Monday, I860. The prayers prescribed by the Rt. Rev. Bishop, and which may with great propriety be used by the faithful, are as follows : COLLECT. Turn not away Thine eyes, 0 most merciful God, from Thy peoph; crying out to Thee in their affliction ; but for the glory of Thine own name relieve us in our necessities, through Christ our Lord. SECRET. Mercifully receive, 0 Lord, the offerings by which Thou vouch- safest to be appeased ; and by Thy great goodness restore us to safety, through Christ our Lord. POST-COMMUNION. Look down mercifully, we beseech Thee, 0 Lord, in our tribula tion, and turn away the wrath of Thy indignation, which we justly deserve, through Christ our Lord. Amen. Our Father. Hail Mary. Wednesday was accordingly, by common consent, devoted to mourning. Public authorities, the heads of religious de nominations, all as by a common instinct called upon the na tion to unite in prayer before their several altars ; while at the capital of the nation the last solemn rites were offered in the home of the lost Ruler ere he was borne from the residence of American Presidents to that greater than Rome's capitol, where he was to lie in state till the convoy began its march of miles to be told by hundreds before the body reached the city of the West identified with his career in manhood. Throughout the loyal States there was a universal suspen sion of ordinary avocations and a closing of places of business, out of respect to the departed. In nearly every city, town, and village the streets were hung in black, while the solemn tolling of the bells and the booming of the minute-guns added to the general solemnity. The stores and offices being closed and the noifee of traffic and amusement hushed, a Sabbath re pose rested on the land. The churches were crowded with worshippers, and the clergy in fitting discourses paid theil 10 146 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. homage to departed greatness, their testimony of affection to a bereaved country, their words of sympathy to her who felt more keenly even than the nation her sudden loss. Never before was such a general sadness ; never again, we trust, will there be such a cause. It was no Up service ; the grief was deep and heartfelt. The people were bereaved, and they knew it. They felt the blow that slew their President, and saw that it was not aimed at him individually, but that it was the concentration of that hate which made his election a pretext for rebellion. In New England, where the funeral procession would not pass on its way to Springfield, this day contained the highest expression of civic grief. At Roxbury, a procession, the largest and most imposing seen for many years, moved from the City Hall to Dr. Putnam's church, where appropriate ser vices were held. At Chelsea, the city government in a body attended the services at the Chestnut Street Congregational Church. In Pepperell also a procession moved to the church, where impressive services were held. At Providence a pro cession escorted the Governor to the PubUc Hall, where a eulogy was pronounced. At Concord, Ralph W. Emerson de Uvered the following address : We meet under the gloom of a calamity which darkens down over the minds of good men in all civilized society, as the fearful tidings travel over sea, over land, from country to country, like the shadow of an uncalculated eclipse over the planet. Old as history is, and manifold as are its tragedies, I doubt if any death has caused so much pain to mankind as this has caused, or will cause, on its announcement; and this not so much because nations are, by mod ern arts, brought so closely together, as because of the mysterious hopes and fears which, in the present day, are connected with the name and institutions of America. In this country, on Saturday, every one was struck dumb, and saw, at first,'only deep below deep, as he meditated on the ghastly blow. And, perhaps, at this hour, when the cofBn which contains the dust of the President sets forward on its long march through mourning States, on its way to its home in Illinois, we might well be silent, and suffer the awful voices of the time to thunder to us. Yes, but that first despair was brief; the man was not so to be mourned! He was the most active and hopeful of men, and his work had not perished; but acclamations of praise for the task he FUNERAL SERVICES IN OTHER CITIES. 147 had accomplished burst out into a song of triumph, which even tears for his death cannot keep down. The President stood before us a man of the people. 'He was thoroughly American, had never crossed the sea, had never been spoiled by English insularity or French dissipation; a quiet native, aboriginal man, as an acorn from the oak; no aping of foreigners, no frivolous accomplishments, Kentuckian born, working on a farm, a flatboatman, a captain in the Blackhawk war, a coun'iry lawyer, a representative in the rural Legislature of Illinois — on such modest foundations the broad structure of his fame was laid. How slowly, and yet by happily prepared steps, he came to his place ! All of us remember — it is only a history of five or six years — ^the surprise and disappointment of the country at his first nomination at Chicago. Mr. Reward, then in the culmination of his good fame, was the favorite of the Eastern States. And when the new and comparatively unknown name of Lincoln was announced (notwith standing the report of the acclamations of that Convention) we heard the result coldly and sadly. It seemed too rash, on a purely local reputation, to build so grave a trust, in such anxious times; and men naturally talked of the chances in politics as incalculable. But it turned out not to be chance. The profound good opinion which the people of Illinois and of the West had conceived of him, and which they had imparted to their colleagues, that they also might justify themselves to their constituents at home, was not rash, though they did not begin to know the richness of his worth. A plain man of the people, an extraordinary fortune attended him. Lord Bacon says : " Manifest virtues procure reputation; oc cult ones, fortune." He offered no shining qualities at the first en counter: he did not offend by superiority. He had a face and man ner which disarmed suspicion, which inspired confidence, which confirmed good-will. He was a man without vices. He had a strong sense of duty, which it was very easy for him to obey. Then he had what farmers call a long head; was excellent in work ing out the sum for himself, in arguing his case, and convincing you fairly and firmly. Then it turned out that he was a great worker; had prodigious faculty of performance; worked' easily. A good worker is so rare; everybody has some disabling quality. In a host of young men that start together, and promise so many brilliant leaders for the next age, each fails on trial: one by bad health, one by conceit or by love of pleasure, or by lethargy, or by a hasty temper — -each has some disqualifying fault that throws him out of the career But 148 LINCOLiN MEMORIAL. this man was sound to the core, cheerful, persistent, all right for labor, and liked nothing so well. Then he had a vast good-nature, which made him tolerant and accessible to all; fair-minded, leaning to the claim ofthe petitioner; affable, and not sensible to the affliction which the innumerable visits paid to him, when President, would have brought to any one else. And how this good-nature became a noble humanity, in many a tragic case which the events of the war brought to him, every one will remember; and with what increasing tenderness he dealt, when a whole race was thrown on his compassion. The poor negro said of him, on an impressive occasion, " Massa Linkum am ebery- where." Then his broad good-humor, running easily into jocular talk, in which he delighted and in which he excelled, was a rich gift to this wise man. It enabled him to keep his secret; to meet every kind of man, and every rank in society; to take off the edge ofthe se verest decisions ; to mask his own purpose and sound his companion, and to catch with true instinct the temper of every company he ad dressed. And, more than all, it is to a man of severe labor, in anx ious and exhausting crises, the natural restorative, good as sleep, and is the protection of the overdriven brain against rancor and in sanity. He is the author of a multitude of good sayings, so disguised as pleasantries that it is certain they had no reputation at first but as jests; and only later, by the very acceptance and adoption they find in the mouths of millions, turn out to be the wisdom of the hour. I am sure if this man had ruled in a period of less facility of printing, he would have become mythological in a very few years, like .^sop or Pilpay, or one of the Seven Wise Masters, by his fables and pro verbs. But the weight and penetration of many passages in his letters, messages, and speeches, hidden now by the very closeness of their application to the moment, are destined hereafter to a wide fame. What pregnant definitions; what unerring common sense; what foresight; and, on great occasions, what lofty, and more than na tional, what humane tone ! His brief speech at Gettysburg will not easily be surpassed by words on any recorded occasion. This, and one other American speech, that of John Brown to the court that tried him, and a part of Kossuth's speech at Birmingham, can only be compared with each other, and with no fourth. His occupying the chair of State was a triumph of the good sense of mankind, and of the public conscience. This middle-class coun try had got a middle-class President at last. Yes, in manners, sym- FUNERAL SERVICES IN OTHER CITIES. 149 pathies, but not in powers, for his powers were superior. His mind mastered the problem ofthe day; and, as the problem grew, so did his comprehension of it. Rarely was man so fitted to the event. In the midst of fears and jealousies, in the Babel of counsels and parties, this man wrought incessantly with all his might and all his honesty, laboring to find what the people wanted, and how to obtain that. It cannot be said there is any exaggeration of his worth. If ever a man was fairly tested he was. There was no lack of resist- ince, nor of slander, nor of ridicule. The times have allowed no State secrets ; the nation has been in such a ferment, such multi tudes had to be trusted, that no secret could be kept. Every door was ajar, and we know all that befell. Then what an occasion was the whirlwind of the war! Here was place for no holiday magistrate, no fair-weather sailor ; the new pilot was hurried to the helm in a tornado. In four years — the four years of battle-days — ^his endurance, his fertility of resources, his magnanimity, were sorely tried and never found wanting. There, by his courage, hi s justice, his even temper, his fertile counsel, his humanity, he stood an heroic figure in the centre of an heroic epoch. He is the true history of the American people in his time. Step by step he walked before them; slow with their slowness, quickening his march by theirs; the true representative of this continent; an entirely public man; father of his country, the pulse of twenty mil lions throbbing in his heart, the thought of their minds articulated by his tongue. Adam Smith remarks that the axe, which, in Houbraken's por traits of British kings and worthies, is engraved under those who have suffered at the block, adds a certain lofty charm to the picture. And who does not see, even in this tragedy so recent, how fast the terror and ruin of the massacre are already burning into glory around the victim? Far happier this fate than to have lived to be wished away; to have watched the decay of his own faculties; to have seen — perhaps, even he — the proverbial ingratitude of states men ; to have seen mean men preferred. Had he not lived long enough to keep the greatest promise that ever man made to his fellow-meii — the practical abolition of slavery ? He had seen Tennessee, Missouri, and Maryland emancipate their slaves. He had seen Savannah, Charleston, and Eichipond surren dered; had seen the main army ofthe rebellion lay down its arms. He had conquered the public opinion of Canada, England, and France. Only Washington can compare with him in fortune. And what if it should turn out, in the unfolding of tho web, that. 150 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. ue had reached the term; that this heroic deliverer could no longer serve us ; that the rebellion had touched its natural conclusion, and what remained to be done required new and uncommitted hands — a new spirit born out of the ashes of the war; and that Heaven, wishing to show the world a completed benefactor, shall make him serve his country even more by death than by his life. Nations, like kings, are not good by facility and complaisance. " The kind ness of kings consists in justice and strength." Easy good-nature has been the dangerous foible of the Republic, and it was necessary that its enemies should outrage it, and drive us to unwonted firm ness, to secure the salvation of this country in the next ages. The ancients believed in a serene and beautiful Genius which ruled in the affairs of nations ; which, with a slow but stern justice, carried forward the fortunes of certain chosen houses, weeding out single offenders or offending families, and securing at last the firm prosperity of the favorites of Heaven. It was too narrow a view of the Eternal Nemesis. There is a serene Providence which rules the fate of nations, which makes little account of time, little of one generation or race, makes no account of disasters, conquers alike by what is called defeat or by what is called victory, thrusts aside enemy and obstructions, crushes every thing immoral as inhuman, and obtains the ultimate triumph of the best race by the sacrifice of every thing which resists the moral laws of the world. It makes its own instruments, creates the man for the time, trains him in poverty, inspires his genius, and arms him for his task. It has given every race its own talent, and ordains that only that race which combines perfectly with the virtues of all shall endm'e. In New York, fitting remarks and discourses were delivered at the service by Bishop Coxe, at Calvary Church ; Eev. Dr. Dix, at Trinity Church, in the presence of General Dix and Governor Fenton ; Archbishop McCloskey at the Cathedral ; by Dr. Cheever, at the Church of the Puritans ; Eev. Dr. Osgood, at the Church of the Messiah ; Eev. Dr. Chapin, Eev. M. E. Deleeuw, at the Synagogue Bnai Israel, and others in various parts. The assemblies were not confined to the churches. Public bodies also met, and Parke Godwin, Esq., delivered at the Athenaeum Club an address worthy of preservation. " How grand and how glorious, yet how terrible, the times in which we are permitted to live ! How profound and various the emotions that alternately depress and thrill our hearts, like these FUNERAL SERVICES IN OTHER CITIES. 151 April skies — now all smiles, and now all tears. Within a week — the Holy Week, as it is called in the rubrics of our churches — we have had our triumphal entries, amid the waving of the palms of Peace; we have had our dread Friday of crucifixion; we have had, too, in the recently renewed patriotism of the nation, a resurrection of a new and better life ! " It seems but a day or two since we listened to the music of the glad and festival parade; we saw the banners of our pride waving in beauty to every air, their stars brighter than the stars of the morning, and their rays of white and red, like the beams of the rainbow, telling that the tempest was passed ; we pressed hands and hurrahed, and grew almost delirious with the joy that Peace had come, that Unity was secured, that Liberty and Justice, like the cherubim of the ark, would stretch their wings over the altars of our Country and stand forever as the guardian angels of her sanc tity and glory. " But now those exultant strains are changed into the dull and heavy toll of bells ; those fiags are folded and draped in the emblems of mourning ; and our hearts, giving forth no more the cheering shouts of victory, are despondent and full of sadness. " The great captain of our cause — the commander-in-chief of oui armies and navies — the president of our civic councils — the centre and director of movement — this true son of the people — once the poor flatboatman — the village lawyer that was — the raw, uncouth, yet unsophisticated child of our American society and institutions, whom that society and those institutions had lifted out of his low estate to the foremost dignity of the world — Abraham Lincoln — smitten by the basest hand ever upraised against human innocence, is gone, gone, gonel He who had borne the heaviest of the brunt, in our four long years of war, whose pulse beat livelier, whose eyes danced brighter than any others, when " the storm drew off. In scattered thunders groaning round the hiUs," in the supreme hour of his joy and glory was struck down. That genial, kindly heart has ceased to beat; that noble brain has oozed from its mysterious beds; that manly form lies stiff in the icy fetters, and all of him that was mortal has sunk ' to the portion of weeds and outworn faces.' " Our feelings are now too deep to ask or warrant any attempt at an analysis of the character or of the services of the man whose loss we deplore. Standing over his bier, looking down almost into the tomb to which he must shoitly be consigned, we are consciou ) only of our grief. We know that one who was great in himself, as 152 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. well as by position, has suddenly departed. There is something startling, ghastly, awful in the manner of his going off. But the chief poignancy of our distress is not for the greatness fallen, but for the goodness lost. Presidents have died before; during this bloody war we have lost many eminent generals — Lyons, Baker, Kearney, Sedgwick, Reno, and others; we have lost lately our finest scholar, publicist, orator, ' that when he spoke. The air, a chartered libertine, was still. To steal his sweet and honeyed sentences.' Our hearts still bleed for the companions, friends, brothers, that sleep the sleep ' that knows no waking,' but no loss has been com parable to his, who was our supremest leader — our safest coun sellor — our wisest friend — our dear father. Would you know what Lincoln was, look at this vast metropolis, covered with the ha biliments of woe I Never in human history has there been so uni versal, so spontaneous, so profound an expression of a nation's be reavement. In all our churches, without distinction of sect; in all our journals, without distinction of party; in all our workshops, in all our counting-houses — ^from the stateliest mansion to the lowliest hovel — ^you hear but the one utterance, you see but the one emblem of sorrow. Why has the death of Abraham Lincoln taken such deep hold of every class ? Partly, no doubt, because of the awful and atrocious method of his taking off ; largely because he was our Chief Magistrate; but mainly, I think, because through all his pub Hc functions there shone the fact that he was a wise and good man; a kindly, honest, noble man; a man in whom the people recognized their own better qualities; whom they, whatever their political con victions, trusted; whom they respected; whom they loved; a man as pure of heart, as patriotic of impulse, as patient, gentle, sweet and lovely of nature, as ever history lifted out of the sphere of the domestic afflictions to enshrine forever in the affections of the world. " Yet, we sorrow not as those who are without hope. Our chief is gone; but our cause remains; dearer to our hearts, because he is now become its martyr; consecrated by his sacrifice; more widely accepted by all parties; and fragrant and lovely fore vermore in the memories of all the good and the great, of all lands, and for all time. The rebellion, which began in the blackest treachery, to be ended in the foulest assassination — for as Shakspeare says, ' Ti'uason and murder ever kept together, As two yoke-devils swom to either's purpose' — FUNERAL SERVICES IN OTHER CITIES. 153 this rebellion, accursed in its motive, which was to rivet the shackles of slavery on a whole race for all the future ; accursed in its means, which have been ' red ruin and the breaking up of laws,' the overthrow of the mildest and blessedest of governments, and the profuse shedding of brother's blood by brother's hands; accursed in its accompaniments of violence, cruelty, and bar barism, is now doubly accursed in its final act of cold-blooded murder. "Cold-blooded, but impotent, and defeated in its own purposes I The frenzied hand which slew the head of the government, in the mad hope of paralyzing its functions, only drew the hearts of the people together more closely to strengthen and sustain its power. All the North once more, without party or division, clenches hands around the common altar; all the North swears a more earnest fidelity to Freedom; all the North again presents its breasts, as the living shield and bulwark of the nation's unity and life. Ohl foolish and wicked dream-, ohl insanity of fanaticism! ohl blindness of black hate — to think that this majestic temple of human liberty, which is built upon the clustered columns of free and independent States, and whose base is as broad as the continent — could be shaken to pieces by striking off the ornaments of its capital ! No ! this nation lives, not in one man nor in a hundred men, however eminent, however able, however endeared to us ; but in the affec tions, the virtues, the energies, and the will of the whole American people. It has perpetual succession, not like a dynasty, in the line of its rulers, but in the line of its masses. They are always alive; they are always present, to empower its acts, and to impart an un ceasing vitality to its institutions. No maniac's blade, no traitor's bullet shall ever penetrate that heart, for it is immortal, like the substance of Milton's angels, and can onlj ' by annihilating die.' " These sudden visitations of Providence ; these mysterious and fearful vicissitudes in the destinies of nations and individuals, al ways seem to our shortsighted human wisdom as inscrutable. Nor would it be less than presumption in any one to attempt to inter pret the meaning of the Divine Mind in this late and most appalling affliction. God, as he passes, the Scriptures tell us, can only be seen from behind, can only be seen when events have gone by. Until then we grope in the darkness, we guess at best but dimly we more often muse in mere mute wonder and awe. Yet it is al ways permitted us to extract such good as we may from His seem ing frowns and judgments. Thus I discern, in the removal of Mr. Lincoln — ^lamentable and horrible as it was in its circumstances — some reasons for a calm and hopeful submission to the Divine will. 154 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. I can see how our nation is cemented by its tears into a more uni versal and affectionate brotherhood ; I can see how the Proclama tion of Freedom must become the eternal law of our hearts, if not of the land, through the martyrdom and canonization of its author; I can see how the atrocious crime of assassination must tear away from the rebeUion every friend that it had left in the civilized world abroad; and I can see how the succession of Mr. Johnson — a South ern man, known to the Southern people by the fact of his origin and principles, not amenable to the prejudices knotted and gnarled about Mr. Lincoln — shall undermine the supremacy of the Southern leaders and reconcile the deluded masses more rapidly than any acts of amnesty or promises of forgiveness. " But what impresses me most forcibly in all this business is the new demonstration that*it has given of the inherent strength and elasticity of democratic government. We have conducted the most stupendous war ever undertaken — a war that involved the blockade of six thousand miles of sea-coast — the defence of two thousand miles of frontier — the clearing and holding of the second largest river of the globe and the occupation of a territory greater than all Europe (without Russia), not only energetically, but successfully. We have done it, without abandoning, or vitiating, or dislocating, any of our fundamental institutions. For, iu the midst of this gi gantic convulsion, we carried on a political canvass and a Presi dential election as quietly as they choose a beadle or a church warden elsewhere ; and now we have our principal men of ofiice killed or disabled, and the government goes on without a jar, and society moves in its appointed ways without a ripple of outbreak or disorder. Oh yes, Americans, our goodly Ship of State, which the tempests assail with their wild fury, which the angry surges lift in their arms that they may drop her into the yawning gulf, which the treacherous hidden rocks below grind and torture, yet sails on securely to her destined port; and when the very Prince of the Power of the Air smites her captain at the helm and the first mate in his berth, she still sails on securely to her destined port; for her crew is still there ; they know her bearings, and will steer right on by the compass of Eternal Justice, and under the celestial light of Liberty." In Brooklyn, besides the services in the various churches of all denominations, a funeral procession of the German Turn- verein Saengerbund and other societies, proceeded from the Turn Hall through Grand-street, Montrose avenue, and other thoroughfares, to a square on Bushwick 'avenue, where a meet- FUNERAL SERVICES IN OTHER CITIES. 155 ing was organized and addresses deUvered, by Dr. Duai, Mr. PhiUp "Wagner, and others. In Montreal, C. E., where the Mayor, Mr. J. L. Beaudry had by proclamation invited the citizens to close their places ot business, " as a tribute of respect to the memory of the late President of the United States, and of sympathy with the bereaved members of his family, and also as an expression of the deep sorrow and horror felt by the citizens of Montreal at the atrocious crime by which the President came to an untime ly end," a large public meeting was held, in which addresses were delivered in French and English, by Hon. Messrs. Dorion and McGee. At Quebec, a simUar proclamation was issued by the Mayor, and no proclamation was ever so promptly and completely re sponded to. Toronto, Prescott, and other Canadian towns showed similar sympathy with the neighboring republic. San Francisco honored the day by the grandest procession ever witnessed on the Pacific coast, which moved through streets, clad in the habiUments of woe. In the South even, similar marks of respect were paid. A more universal demonstration of sorrow was not made in anj city than in Memphis, where a solemn miUtary and civic pro cession, numbering 20,000 persons, formed an imposing part of the ceremony, and at an impromptu meeting eloquent addresses were deUvered by General Banks and General Washburn. The procession at Nashville, which had a splendid funeral car drawn by six white and as many black horses, numbered upwards of 15,000 persons, among them Generals Thomas, Eousseau, MiUer, Whipple, Fowler, and Donelson. Over ten thousand troops were in the procession ; and besides Govemor Brownlow, both Houses of the Legislature, the Quartermaster and Commissary Departments, and Fire Department, with their machines beautifully dressed. The various lodges of Masons, Odd Fellows, Eureka and Thalia clubs, the Fenian Brotherhood and Agnomen club, also swelled the list of so cieties. Subsequently appropriate ceremonies were held in a field in the suburbs. Addresses were made by his ExceUency Governor Brownlow, Eev. Mr. Allen, and others. At Little Eock, on the news, the Legislature adjourned and an impressive address was delivered by Senator Snow. 1 56 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. At Detroit, on the 25th of April, the obsequies of President Lincoln were performed with imposing ceremonies. The pro cession was more than four miles in length, headed by detach ments of military, foUowed by a magnificent funeral car, offi cers of the army and navy, officers of the British army, the officers of the State and City Governments. The Canadian civil officers, the public schools. Masons, Odd FeUows, various benevolent societies, the trades unions, and German societies also participated. The ceremonies concluded with an oration by Senator Howard. New Orleans received the tidings a Uttle later, and the city was at once arrayed in mourning. A procession on the 22d moved to Lafayette Square, composed of the Fire Department, societies and citizens ; and an immense mass of people moved with calm and sorrowful steps to the vast area. Here, after the organization of the meeting, and a prayer by Eev. Doctor Newman, with a few remarks from the Chairman, Judge Whit aker, addresses were delivered by General Banks and General Hurlbut. The following is that of General Banks. Mr. President and Fello-w-Citizens— It is only since my arrival upon this platform that I have been informed of the part I am ex pected to take in the ceremonies of this occasion, and could wish for longer preparation, with the view of doing more perfect justice to the subject of the hour, but in accordance with the wishes of your committee I will proceed. God knows why it is, or how it is, or for whatpurpose it is, that we have been summoned here, butnow, indeed, can we feel the nothingness of man, and that it is best for us to bow in supplication to God for His counsel and support. The language of the hour is that, not of comment, not of condolence, not of con solation, but of supphcation, and we should stand before the throne of God to-day, in sackcloth and in ashes, in silent petition to Him for that counsel and support. Human plans are failures ; the ideas and purposes of God alone are successful. This very week was spontaneously and unanimously set apart by the American people as a season for thanksgiving and joy, for the great relief which the people had experienced from a terrible war, which had bereft nearly every family in the North and South of its dearest, and draped nearly every family altar as is now draped the national altar. Suddenly the skies were brightened, and universal peace was accepted by the nation as the reward of the terrible struggle in which we had been engaged. The opening FUNERAL SERVICES IN OTHER CITIES. 157 of the Mississippi, the brilliant victories of the Army of the Cum berland in 1863, the fall of the rebel cities upon the Atlantic coast before the triumphant march of Sherman, the surrender of Lee to Grant, and the occupation of Mobile by the gallant chieftain who is here in our presence to-day, not waiting for the intel ligence that the last army of the rebellion had surrendered to the glorious Sherman — all justified the assumption that God had given this nation permanent, lasting, honorable, and glorious peace! But while we were preparing for the announcement by the officers of the Government (always behind in instincts and purposes of power, the people of the government), unexpectedly, in the twinkling of an eye — as if with the suddenness, strength, and power of God — all of us lay low in sorrow, mourning, and despair. I believe that never before in human history were a people so horrified as by the announce ment of the death of the President, and the fall of his great assistant in council and action — ^the Secretary of State. We know not why it is, but we have the great consolation to say that we believe it is for good to our nation. Aye, for good to the man that has fallen as our Representative. He had committed no crimes. There is not a man on the continent or globe that will, or can say, that Abraham Lincoln was his enemy, or that he deserved punishment or death for his individual acts. No, Mr. President, it was because he represented us that he died, and it is for our good and the glory of our nation that God, in his inscrutable Providence, has been pleased to do this, while for the late President it is the great crowning act and security of his career. To die is " to go home" — to go to our Father and be relieved from sorrow, care, suffering, labor, and from danger; but to live, aye, sir, to live is the great punishment inflicted upon man. All that we can ask is to go when all things are ready — when duty is dis charged, strength exhausted, and the triumph effected; then it is our joy to go home to " Our Father," as has been beautifully said, sir : " V^Tien faith is strong and conscience clear, And words of peace the spirit cheer. And visioned glories then appear, 'Tis joy — 'tis triumph then to die.'' God has given our great leader the privilege to go under circum stances like this. He had lived his time, fought his fight, and, God be thanked, had kept the faith. Let me say it reverently, that for Abraham Lincoln to live was for Abraham Lincoln to fall ! He had ascended to the highest point — the highest culmination of human destiny : to be better and greater and purer he must leave us and go to the bosom of God. He is enjoying the highest culmination of 158 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. glory that God has given in his wise and mysterious dispensation for the human family. Sir, I had seen him but little, but that which I had seen stamped upon my heart the indelible feeling that he was a rare man — not a great or a successful man ; many of both kinds have I seen, but he was a rare man, who believed in the power of ideas and knew that human agencies were unable to control or direct them. In the dis pensation of what men call power, I have seen Mr. Lincoln give it to the right and left as if of no consequence at all ; and when re proached for doing so, I have heard him say, "What harm did this generous confidence of men do me ?" I have seen, amidst the hours of trial, his manifestations of patience and confidence, more almost than human, until I had come to believe that that which is designed to be done would be accomplished, if not by human power, at least by the concurrent action and support and will of God ! Though taken from us, his influence is still here, and there is not a man in this assembly to-day who is not more impressed with . his spirit and purpose than he would be if Abraham Lincoln were living at this hour ; nor is there a man here to-day who is not a disciple of him and the agent of his works forevermore. We may indeed be assured that his great purpose — ^the Union, first of all — ^will be carried out. We might as well expect the Mississippi to turn back at its mouth and seek again the mountain rivulets and springs, as to believe that human power is to sunder the States of the Union. Abraham Lincoln's wisdom and patriotism have led us as far as human effort can bring ufe, and now his blood cements forever the holy Union of the States. You know, fellow-citizens, how deeply he was interested in the destinies of Louisiana. No friend in your midst ever thought so much about or wished so much for your good as the late President of the United States ; and it was among the first wishes of his heart that the prosperity of its people, the hberty of all its races, and their elevation, should be perfected during his administration, or, as he said in one of his letters to me, " My word is out for these things, and I don't intend to turn back from it." It is not for me to act or speak in the spirit of prophecy, but I can say to you that I believe his wish will be consummated by the return of Louisi ana to the Union, the honor, freedom, and elevation of all classes of its people. To the colored people of this assembly and State, as well as of the Union, I can say that the work in which he was engaged will go on, and that the day is not far distant when they will enjoy the free dom that God and the people have given them, and also be advanced FUNERAL SERVICES IN OTHER CITIES. 159 to all the privileges that under the Constitution of our country, or that of any other, God has deigned to bestow upon any class of people. But they must remember that they have a work to do, and that while God is just to all his people, he requires that they shall be just to Him. You shall be free, and invested with all the priv ileges of which men are capable of wise and proper exercise, for Abraham Lincoln's word is out! It is not my right to suggest a word of counsel or advice for the future, but I have the right to say that there is one man who seeks your prayers and desires your counsel. It is he who has been re cently inaugurated, unexpectedly — and distrustfully, as we are told — -President of these United States. Though a President has gone, we must sustain the President that remains. I look,upon the State of Tennessee, from which he comes, as being the centre of the great arch of the Union : midway between the South and North, with the climate of the one and the other, its soil susceptible of pro ducing the products of both sections, it calls for all the considera tion that either section of the country can demand for its people. Its political character and structure has the same variety and connection with the destinies of our country, and for thirty years has been more closely contested in political struggles than any other State of the Union. Its vote has decided many issues, and great men have repre sented its interests and destinies, and it has given us two Presidents, whose administrations have been identified closely, not only with the existence, but with the extension and interest of our country. Jack son, with his mailed arm, struck disunion down at its first appear ance, and adapted the policy of the country to its need. Polk con firmed the policy of Jackson, and extended the boundaries of our happy land until it reached from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast. Among the great men of place we have had Benton, Houston, Bell, Foster, and hundreds of others whose names are known, and who have been and are connected indissolubly with the happiness and lib erty of our people. From amid these men the new President has been called. Among them he has grown, and from their teachings has he been instructed. His life has been one of activity, energy, and integrity. Character is not made in a day; it will never be forfeited in an hour. Our lamented President, if he could advise us, would counsel us to sustain the Government and those left to take his place; and we are. assured that the two great officers then at the head of the nation — a few days before the departure of the first and greatest — upon full consultation, found that they had perfectly concurrent views, and separated with the confidence that each wished the prosperity and success of the other. Let us then accept this day, 160 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. its grief, and the lesson which it imparts, and be more than ever de termined, in the presence of God, and with the ability and power He has given us, to do our duty to our country, by maintaining its in stitutions and perpetuating its principles and liberties. VI. WASHINGTON TO SPRINGFIELD. Sheotid the banner I rear the cross 1 Consecrate a nation's loss; Gaze on that majestic sleep, Stand beside his bier to weep; Lay the gentle eon of Toil Proudly in his native soil ; Crowned with honor, to his rest Bear the Prophet ofthe West! How cold the brow that yet doth wear The impress of a nation's care I How still the heart whose every beat Glowed with compassion's sacred heat I Eigid the lips whose patient smile Duty's stern task would oft beguile ; Blood-quenched the pensive eye's soft light, Nerveless the haud so slow to smite; So meek in rnle, it leads, though dead, The people as in Ufe it led. Oh I lot his wise and gentle sway Win every recreant to-day, And sorrow's vast and holy wave Blend all our hearts around his grave I Let the traitor's craven fears, Let the faithful bondsmen's tears, And the People's grief and pride Plead against the parricide ! Let us throng to pledge and pray Around the patriot-martyr's clay ; Then with solemn faith in Eight, That made him victor in the fight. Cling to the path he fearless trod. Still radiant with the smile of God. Shroud the banner 1 rear the cross I Consecrate a nation's lossl Gaze on that majestic sleep, Stand beside his bier to weep ; Lay the gentle son of Toil, Proudly in his native soil ; Crowned with honor to hia rest, Bear the Prophet of tho West I Henry T, Tuok&rmcuth. VI. FUNERAL CORTEGE FROM WASHINGTON TO SPRINGFIELD. Depaetubb wrou Washingi-ton, Apeil 2l8T. The body of President Lincoln was exposed to public view in the Capitol during the 20th, and so constant and numerous was the crowd which pressed forward all that dreary rainy day to gaze for the last time on the sad face so familiarized during the four years, that the Eotunda was kept open from six in the morning till nine o'clock at night. Among the twenty-five thousand who passed before the coffin were thousands of soldiers, some of whom hobbled from the hospitals where they had long been confined, to look once more on their late Commander-in-chief. The hour of closing found some thousands who had waited for hours in vain. The guard of honor, which had been on duty all day, was relieved by Brigadier-General James A. Ekin, and Major D. C. Welsh and Captain Joseph T. Powers, of hjs staff; and Brigadier-G-eneral James A. HaU, and Captain E. H. ISTevin, Jr., and Lieutenant Terence iiiley, of his staff, who stayed with the remains during the night. And at six o'clock in the morning, Hon. E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War ; Hon. J. P. Usher, Secretary of the Interior ; Hon. Gideon Welles, Secre tary of the Navy ; Hon. William Dennison, Postmaster-Gen eral ; Hon. J. J. Speed, Attorney-General ; Lieut.-Gen. Grant, and a portion of liis staff, Major-General Meigs, Eev. Doctor Gurley, and several Senators, the Illinois delegation, and a number of officers of the army, arrived at the Capitol and took a last look at the face of the deceased. The coffin was then 164 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. prepared for removal, and closed. It was at first determined not to open it till it reached Springfield, but subsequently en treaties induced the exposure once more of the face of the late ruler, and twelve orderly sergeants were called in to carry it to the hearse. Eev. Dr. Gurley, before the removal of the re mains, made the following impressive prayer : Lord, Thou hast been our dwelling place in all generations. Be fore the mountains were brought forth, or ever Thou hadst formed the earth and the world, even from everlasting to everlasting Thou art God. Thou turnest man to destruction, and sayest, Eeturn, ye children of men. We acknowledge Thy hand in the great and sud den afftiction that has befallen us as a nation, and we pray that in all these hours and scenes of sorrow through which we are passing we ma,y have the guidance of Thy counsel and the consolations of Thy spirit. We commit to thy care and keeping this sleeping dust of our fallen Chief Magistrate, and, pray Thee to watch over it as it passes from our view and is borne to its final resting-place in the soil of that State which was his abiding and chosen home. And grant, we beseech Thee, that, as the people in different cities aiid sections of the land shall gather around this cofSn and look upon the fading remains of the man they loved so well, their love for the cause in which he fell may kindle into a brighter, intenser flame, and, while their tears are falling, may they renew their vows of eternal fidelity to the cause of justice, liberty, and truth. So may this great bereavement redound to Thy glory and to the highest welfare of our stricken and bleeding country; and all we ask is in the name and for the sake of Jesus Christ, our blessed Lord and Eedeemer. Amen. The remains were then removed by a detachment of the Quartermaster-General's volunteers, detailed by Brigadier-Gen eral Eucker, and escorted to the depot, vsdthout music, by the companies of Capts. Cromee, Bush, Hildebrand, and Dillon, of the 12th Veteran Eeserve Corps, the whole under the com mand of Lieut.-Col. Bell. The remains were followed by Lieut. -Gen. Grant, Gen. Meigs, Gen. Hardie, the members of the Cabinet — ^Messrs. Stanton, Welles, McCulloch, Dennison, Usher, and Fields— and other distinguished personages. At the depot they were received by President Johnson, Hon. W. T. Dole, Gen. Barnard, Gen. Eucker, Gen. Townsend, Gen. Howe, Gen, Ekin, and others, and placed in the hearse-car, to FROM WASHINGTON TO SPRINGFIELD. 165 which the remains of his son Willie had been previously re moved. The 12th Veteran Eeserve Corps, which had formed the es cort to the depot, was ranged in line in front of the building, and guards were at once stationed at proper points to prevent outside parties from assembling within the building and block ing up the passage-ways. None were admitted except those who had tickets authorizing them to go with the remains. Sen ators and members of Congress, military officers, and passen gers who intended going to Baltimore on the 7.30 train. A large crowd was soon assembled, and all sorts of means were devised to gain access to the depot buildings, but they failed to succeed, and they were obliged to content themselves with a distant view of the passage of the funeral train, as it moved from the depot. A few minutes before eight o'clock, Capt. Eobert Lincoln, son of the President, accompanied by two relatives, arrived and took his seat in the cars. Messrs. Mcolay and Hay, the late President's private secre taries, arrived a few moments later and also took their places. Twenty-one first sergeants, of the Tth, 9th, 10th, 12th, 14th, 18th, and 24th Veteran Eeserve Corps, accompanied the re mains as a guard. A few moments before eight o'clock, Eev. Dr. Gurley, stand ing upon the platform, made the following impressive prayer : 0 Lord our God, strengthen us under the pressure of this great national sorrow as Thou only canst strengthen the weak, and com fort us as Thou only canst comfort the sorrowing, and sanctify us as Thou only canst sanctify people when they are passing through the fiery furnace of trial. May Thy grace abound to us according to our need, and in the end may the affliction that now fills our hearts with sadness and our eyes with tears, work for us a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory. And now may the God of Peace that brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus, that great Shepherd of the sheep, through the blood of the everlasting covenant, make you perfect in every good work to do His will, working in you that which is well-pleas ing in his sight, through Jesus Christ, the Eesurrection and the Life, our Redeemer and our hope, our fathers' God and our God, in whose car'j we now leave these precious remains, to whose blessing we 166 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. renewedly commit our bereaved and beloved country, and to whose name be glory forever and ever. Amen. The foUowing is a list of the gentlemen speciaUy iavited to accompany the remains : Relatives and family friends — Judge David Davis, Judge United States Su preme Court ; N. W. Edwards ; General J. B. S. Todd ; Charles Alexander Smith. Guard of Honor — namely : General E. D. Townsend ; Brigadier-Gen eral Charles Thomas ; Brigadier-General A. D. Eaton ; Brevet Major-General J. G. Barnard ; Brigadier-General G. D. Ramsay ; Brigadier-General A. P. Howe ; Brigadier-General D. C. McCallum ; Major-General David Hunter ; Brigadier-General J. C. Caldwell ; Rear-Admiral C. H. Davis, United States Navy ; Captain William R. Tayior, United States Navy ; Major T. T. Field, United States Marine Corps. (The above constituted a guard of honor ; Capt. Charles Penrose, quartermaster and commissary of subsistence for the entire party.) Dr. Charles B. Brown, embalmer ; Frank T. Sands, undertaker. And on the part of the Senate and House of Representatives : Maine, Mr. Pike ; New Hampshire, Mr. RoUins ; Vermont, Mr. Baxter ; Massachusetts, Mr. Hooper ; Connecticut, Mr. Dixon ; Rhode Island, Mr. Anthony ; New Tork, Mr. Harris ; Pennsylvania, Mr. Cowan ; Ohio, Mr. Schenck ; Kentucky, Mr. Smith ; Indiana, Mr. Julian ; Minnesota, Mr. Ramsay ; Michigan, Mr. T. W. Ferry ; Iowa, Mr. Harlan ; Illinois, Mr. Tates, Mr. Washburne, Mr. Famsworth, and Mr. Arnold ; California, Mr. Shannon ; Oregon, Mr. Williams ; Kansas, Mr. Clarke ; Western Virginia, Mr. Whaley ; Nevada, Mr. Nye ; Nebraska, Mr. Hitchcock ; Colorado, Mr. Bradford ; Idaho, Mr. Wallace ; New Jersey, Mr. Newell; Maryland, Mr. Phelps; George T. Brown, sergeant-at-arms of the Senate ; and N. G. Ord way, sergeant-at-arms of the House of Representatives. Names of the delegates from Illinois appointed to accompany the remains of Abraham Lincoln, late President of the United States : — Govemor Richard J. Oglesby ; General Isham N. Haynie, AdjntantGeneral State of Illinois ; Col onel James H. Bowen, A. D. C. ; Colonel M. H. Hanna, A. D. C. ; Colonel D. B. James, A. D. C. ; Major S. Waite, A. D. C. ; Colonel D. L. Phillips, United States Marshal Southern District of Illinois, A. D. C. ; Hon. Jesse K. Dubois ; Hon. J. T. Stuart ; Colonel John WiUiams ; Dr. S. H. Melvin ; Hon. S. M. Culliun ; General John A. McClemand ; Hon. Lyman Trumbull ; Hon. J. S. V. Reddenburg ; Hon. Thomas J. Dennis ; Lieutenant-Governor William Bross ; Hon. Francis E. Sherman, Mayor of Chicago ; Hon. Thomas A. Haine ; Hon. John Wentworth ; Hon. S. S. Hays ; Colonel R. M. Hough ; Hon. S. W. Ful ler ; Capt. J. B. Turner ; Hon. I. Lawson ; Hon. C. L. Woodman ; Hon. G. W. Gage ; G. H. Roberts, Esq. ; Hon. J. Commisky ; Hon. T. L. Talcott. Also, Gover nor Morton, of Indiana ; Governor Brough, of Ohio ; Govemor Stone, of Iowa, together with their aids ; Reporters for the press ; L. A. Gobright, of Wash ington, and Cyrus R. Morgan, of Philadelphia, for the Associated Press ; L. L. Crounz, New York Times ; G. B. Woods, Boston Daily Advertiser; Dr. Adonis, Chicago Tribune. When it was decided to remove the body of President Lin coln at once to Springfield, the War Department, to which the PROM WASHINGTON TO SPRINGFIELD. 167 whole arrangement of the obsequies was assigned, immediately made preparations to have it conveyed by a train which should go directly through ; and all was arranged on the various roads to prevent any delay, and all connected with the transportation was placed under the care of General McCallum, whose prac tical knowledge would insure freedom from any error. According to the schedule adopted, the train was to Leave Washington, Friday, April 21, 8 a. m. ^, Arrive at Baltimore, Friday, April 21, 10 a. m. Leave Baltimore, Friday, April 21, 3 p. m. Arrive at Harrisburg, Friday, April 21, 8.20 p. m. Leave Harrisburg, Saturday, April 22, 12 m. Arrive at Philadelphia, Saturday, April 22, 6.30 p. m. Leave Philadelphia, Monday, April 24, 4 a. m. Arrive at New York, Monday, April 24, 10 a. m. Leave New York, Tuesday, April 25, 4 p. m. Arrive at Albany, Tuesday, April 25, 11 p. m. Leave Albany, Wednesday, April 26, 4 p. m. Arrive at Buffalo, Thursday, April 27, 1 a.m. Leave Bufialo, Thursday, April 27, 10.10 a. m. Arrive at Cleveland, Friday, A.pril 28, 7 a. m. Leave Cleveland, Friday, April 28, midnight. Arrive at Columbus, Saturday, April 29, 7.30 a. m. Leave Columbus, Saturday, April 29, 8 p. m. Arrive at Indianapolis, Sunday, April 30, 7 a. m. Leave Indianapolis, Sunday, April 30, midnight. Arrive at Chicago, Monday, May 1, 11 a. m. Leave Chicago, Tuesday, May 2, 9.30 p. m. Arrive at Springfield, Wednesday, May 3, 8 a. m. This route differs from that taken by Mr. Lincoln on his way to Washington in 1861 only by omitting Cincinnati and Pitts burg, and by making a detour by way of Chicago instead of going direct from Indianapolis to Springfield. Of the escort that accompanied Mr. Lincoln from Springfield to Washington, but three left Washington with the remains — Judge David Davis, of Illinois, Major-General David Hunter, and Ward H. Lamon. The car assigned for the transportation of the remains is said to be the first railroad structure of the kind in this country. It was built by Mr. Jameson, of Alexandria, for the United 168 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. States Military Eailroad, and was designed for the special use of the late President and other dignitaries when travelling over the military roads. It contains a parlor, sitting-room, and sleeping apartment fitted up with excellent taste, and has all the modern improvements. Small panels are arranged around the top of the car, on which are painted the coats of arms of each state. The car is completely robed in black, the mourning outside being festooned in two rows above and be low the windows, while each window has a strip of mourning connecting the upper with the lower row. The coffin contain ing the remains of President Lincoln was placed upon a bier covered with black cloth, in the rear of the car. Six other cars accompany the train, all new, belonging to the Baltimore and Ohio road, and are all draped with mourning. The engine (238) which drew the train was also new, and made at the Mount Clare works. It was draped with mourn ing, all the glittering portions covered and its fiags draped. The engineer was Mr. Thomas Becket. To guard against acci dents, a pilot-engine, similarly draped, was provided. The train moved slowly from the Washington depot at eight o'clock, the engine bell tolling, and the immense assemblage reverently uncovering their heads. The guard and several thousand soldiers stationed near formed a long line at a present arms in sign of respect till the train passed. To prevent accidents, the rate of speed was limited. No stoppage was made between Washington and Baltimore. In out-of-the-way places, little villages, or single farm-houses, people came out to the side of the track and watched, with heads reverently uncovered and faces full of genuine sadness, the passage of the car bearing the ashes of him who loved the people and whom the people loved. Every five rods along the whole line were seen these mourning groups, some on foot and some in carriages, wearing badges of sorrow, and many evidently having come a long distance to pay this little tribute of respect, the only one in their power, to the memory of the murdered President. At Annapolis Junction, General Tyler and his staff, who were stationed at the Eelay House, joined the cortege. FROM WASHINGTON TO SPRINGFIELD. 169 Obsequies in Baltimoee. Baltimore prepared to receive the honored remains of the Chief Magistrate with every mark of reverence. A procession was arranged to meet them at the Camden Station of the Balti more and Ohio Eailroad ; and this point, in spite of the inclem ency of the weather, became a centre to which, from early dawn, people of aU ages, sexes, and colors began to hasten. By eight o'clock, every thoroughfare near it, except those occupied and kept clear by the troops, was so densely crowded as to prevent all passage. Shortly before ten o'clock, a pilot engine entered the depot, announcing the funeral train of the illustrious dead but a few moments behind. On the platform were assembled Governor Bradford ; Lieutenant-Governor Cox ; the Governor's staff ; Gen eral Berry and staff; Hon. Wm. B. Hill, Secretary of State ; Hon. Eobert Fowler, State Treasurer, with other ofthe officials of the State govemment ; Mayor Chapman ; the City Council of Baltimore, with the heads of the departments of the city government ; Major-General Wallace, Brigadier- General Tyler, Commodore Dornin, and many other officers of the army and navy. At ten o'clock, the car bearing the body and escort reached the depot in charge of General McCallum and John W. Garrett, Esq., and in a brief time the coffin was removed by the guard — sergeants of the Invalid Corps — and, with uncovered heads and saddened hearts, it was escorted through the depot build ings by the State and city authorities to the hearse or funeral car awaiting its reception on Camden-street. The hearse, furnished by Mr. John Cox, East Baltimore, was almost entirely of plate-glass, which enabled the vast crowd on the line of the procession to have a full view of the coffin. The supports of the top were draped vrith black cloth and white silk, and the top of the car itself was handsomely decorated with black plumes. The escort from Washington was followed by an imposing miUtary array, which excited admiration by their precision and soldierly appearance. The entire column, under the command of Brigadier-General H. H. Lockwood, attended by his staff and 170 LESrCOLN MEMORIAL. a number of aids, formed in line on Eutaw-street, right resting on Conway-street, and moved in reverse order. First came a detachment of cavalry, with their buglers on the right, who an- ' nounced the approach of the line ; then followed the infantry troops of the First, Second, and Third Brigades, all of whom moved in platoons, with arms reversed, and accompanied by their fine bands, playing solemn dirges. An artillery battery, consisting of six three-inch parrots and caissons, each drawn by six horses. Included in the infantry were the Eleventh Indiana Volunteers, which are stationed at Fort McHeniy, and com manded by Colonel Daniel McCauley. Following the battery was a detachment of United States marines, from the United States receiving ship Alleghany. A detachment of United States seamen followed the marines. Companies H and K of the Second United States Artillery, stationed at Fort McHenry, carrying the regimental flag, accompanied by the ftill band. These companies were posted on each side of the hearse con taining the remains of the lamented President. The rear of the escort was brought up by a large number of officers of various departments, including medical and other branches, aU mounted. Among these were Major-General Lew Wallace and staff, Surgeon Josiah Simpson, medical director. General E. B. Tyler, Brigadier-General J. E. Kenly, Colonel S. M. Bowman, and others. The procession commenced to move precisely at 10.30 a. m., over the route previously designated. A few minutes before one o'clock, the head of the procession arrived at the southern point of the Exchange. As the head of the military escort reached Calver t-street the column halted, and the hearse, with its guard of honor, passed between the Unes, the troops present ing arms, and bands of music waiUng out the plaintive tune, " Peace, troubled soul." The general officers dismounted, and formed with their staffs on either side of the approach from the gate to the main en trance to the Exchange. The remains were then removed from the funeral-car, and carried slowly and reverently into the buUd- ing, and placed on a catafalque prepared for them. After they had been properly placed, and the covering removed, the officers present passed slowly forward on either side ofthe body. The civic part of the procession, which was under John Q. FROM WASHINGTON TO SPRINGFIELD. 171 A. Herring, Esq., as Chief-marshal, and headed by Govemor Bradford, Governor-elect Swan, and Lieutenant-Governor Cox, then followed. The noble columns on the east and west sides of the Eotunda were draped with black cloth, whilst the base of the waU around the entire hall was covered with the same material. The gal leries were likewise tastefully draped, and from the upper gal lery, at the base of the dome, four large national flags, one start ing from each cardinal point of the compass and meeting in the centre, draped in graceful folds over the catafalque, which was erected immediately beneath the dome. The ends of these flags were gathered in rich folds and united with festoons of black cloth, forming a circle of drapery over the catafalque. This struc ture was a model of good taste highly creditable to its designer, Charles T. HoUoway, Esq. The catafalque consisted of a raised dais, eleven feet by four at the base, the sides sloping slightly to the height of about three feet ; from the four comers rose graceful columns, supporting a canopy eight feet from the base, having a projecting cornice extending .beyond the line of the base. The canopy rose to a point fourteen feet from the ground, terminating in clusters of rich black plumes. The whole struc ture was richly draped with exquisite taste. The floor and sides of the dais were covered with fine black cloth, and the canopy was formed of black drap d'ete, rich folds drooping fi-om the four corners and bordered with silver fringe. The cornice was adorned with silver braid and a row of sUver stars, whilst the sides and ends of the dais were similarly ornamented. The in terior ofthe canopy was of black cloth, gathered in fluted folds to a central point, where was a large star of black velvet, studded with thirty-six stars, one for each State of the Union. The floor of the dais, on wliich the body of the illustrious martyred patriot rested, was bordered with evergreens, and a wreath of spirsea, azaleas, calla Ulies, and other choice flowers, the whole presenting a most touching and beautiful and appro priate resting-place. The crowd surrounding the building was immense, but owing to exceUent poUce arrangements and a strong mUitary guard, every thing passed off in an orderly and decorous manner. But a small portion of the throng in attendance were able to obtain a view of the President's remains. At about half-past two 172 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. o'clock, to the regret of thousands of our citizens, the coffin was closed and the face that was so dear to the nation was hidden from view, and, escorted by the guards of honor, the body was removed to the hearse. The procession then reformed and took up its mournful march to the depot of the JSTorthem Central Eailroad Company. The coffin was placed in a car tastefully draped, and the escort on a train specially assigned to them, wliich was also draped, and started for Harrisburg at a few minutes past three o'clock. Obsequies at Haeeisbtxeg. General Cadwallader, commanding the Department of Penn sylvania, accompanied Governor Curtin. When the train reached York, at the request of the ladies of that town, a beautiful wreath was placed, vrith due solemnity, upon the j every man of influence and power in the Southern States with the same degree of horror which it excited in every other part ofthe world. , We may, therefore— and this is all I wish to say upon this subject — whatever our opinions with re gard to the past, and whatever our sympathies may have been — we shaU all cordially unite in expressing our abhorrence of that crime, and in rendering our sympathy to that nation which is now mourning the loss of its chosen and trustful chief, struck to the ground by the hand of an assassin, and that too at the most critical period of its history. While lamenting that war and the loss of life which it has inevitably occasioned, it is impossible, whatever our opinions or our sympathies may have been, to withhold our admiration from the many gallant deeds performed and acts of heroism displayed by both parties in the contest ; and it is a matter for bitter reflection that the page of history, recording such gallant achievements and such hei'oic deeds by men who so freely shed their blood on the battle-field in a cause which each considered right, should also be stained with the record of a crime such as we are now deploring. At length a new era appeared to be dawidng on the contest between the North and South. The time had come when there was every reason to hope that the war would speedily be brought to a close. Victory had crowned the efforts of the statesmen and the armies of the federals,' and most of us — all I hope — ^had turned with a feeling of some relief and some hope for the future from the record of sanguinary conflicts to that correspondence which has but recently passed between the generals commanding the hostile armies. And when we turned to Mr. President Lincoln, I should have been prepared to express a 'hope, indeed an expectation — and I have reason to beUeve that that expectation would not have been disappointed — that iu the hour of victory and in the use of victory he would have shown a wise forbearance, a generous consideration, which would have .added tenfold lustre to the fame and reputation which he has acquired throughout the misfortunes of tliis war. Unhappily the foul deed which has taken place has de]irived Mr. Lincoln of the opportunity of thus adding to his well earned fame and repu tation ; but let us hope, what indeed we may repeat, that the good EFFECT OF THE DEATH IN EUROPE. 261 sense and right feeling of those upon whom will devolve the most arduous and difficult duties in this conjuncture will lead them to respect the wishes and the memory of him whom we are all mourn ing ; and will lead them to act in the same spirit and to follow the same counsels by which we have good reason to believe the conduct of Mr. Lincoln would have been marked, had he survived to com plete the work that was entrusted to him. I am only speaking the general opinion when I say that nothing could give greater satis; faction to this country than by means of forbearance, it may be of temperate conciliation, to see the union of the North and South again accomplished, especially if it can be accomplished by common consent, freed from what hitherto constituted the weakness of that Union — the curse and disgrace of slavery. I wish it were possible for us to convey to the people of the United States an adequate idea of the depth and universality of the feeling which this sad event has occasioned in this country, that from the highest to the lowest there has been but one feeling entertained. Her Majesty's Minister at Washington will, in obedience to the Queen's command, convey to the government of the United States the expression of the feelings of her Majesty and of her government upon the deplorable event; and her Majesty, with that tender consideration which she has always evinced for sorrow and suffering in others, of whatever rank, has with her own hand written a letter to Mrs. Lincoln, con veying the heartfelt sympathy of a widow to a widow suffering under the calamity of having lost one suddenly cut off. From every part of this country, from eveiy class, but one voice has been heard — one o^ abhorrence for the crime and of sympathy for and interest in the country which has this great loss to mourn. The British residents in the United States, as of course was to be expected, lost not an hour in expressing their sympathy with the government of the United States. The people of our North American colonies are vicing with each other in expressing the same sentiments. And it is not only among men of the same race who are connected with the people of the United States by origin, language, and blood, that these feelings prevaU, but I believe that every country in Europe is giving expression to the same sentiments and is sending the message to the govemment of the United States. I am sure, therefore, that I am not wrong in anticipating that this House wiU, in the name ofthe people of England, of Scotland, and of Ireland, be anxious to record their expression of the same sentiment, and to have it conveyed to tbe government of the United States. Of this I am confident ; that this House could never more fully and more adequately represent the feelings of the 262 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. whole of the inhabitants of the United Kingdom than by agree ing to the address which it is now my duty to move, expressing to her Majesty our sorrow and indignation at the assassination of the President of the United States, and praying her Majesty that, in communicating her own sentiments to the government of that country upon the deplorable event, she will express at the same time, on the part of this House, their abhorrence of the crime and their sympathy with the govemment and people of the Uni ted States in the deep aflliction into which they have been thrown. FRANCE. In Paris on the very day the terrible news was received M- Drouyn de Lhuys, Minister of Foreign Affairs, despatched a letter to Mr. Bigelow expressive of his sorrow, and immediately upon the retum of our Minister from Brest (whither he had gone to partici pate in the ceremony of the opening of a new line of railway) he was waited upon by an aide-de-camp of the Emperor, who expressed to him the personal regrets of his Majesty at the severe loss to the nation and his horror of the crime. On Mr. Bigelow's return he was overwhelmed with letters of condolence from all parts of Europe. He at once received caUs from M. Garnier Pages and several members of the opposition in the Corps Legislatif, as well as from a considerable number of hterary men and others who have always sympathized with our cause. A large number also caUed at the Consulate, and, in accordance witji the custom here, subscribed their names in token of condolence. One of the most remarkable and noteworthy demonstrations was that made by the Jeunesse d'Ecoles — the students of the Latin quarter. Nearly a thousand of these young men formed in pro cession for the purpose of proceeding to the American Minister's to present to him an appropriate address. Solemn services were also held at the American Episcopal Chapel, which were attended by a large assemblage of French and Ameri cans. The Princess Murat, who is an American lady, was present, as were also General Franconniere and the Prince Napoleon, M. Ber- ryer, Jules Favre, Ernest Picard, Eugene Pelletan, Prevost Paradol, and a considerable number of literary men. Henry Martin, the Historian, thus wrote in one of the Parisian journals : EFFECT OF THE DEATH IN EUROPE. 263 A. GB£AT MAETTE OF DBMOCBACT. Slavery, before expiring, has gathered up the remnants of its strength and rage to strike a coward blow at its conqueror. The Satanic pride of that perverted society could not resign itself to defeat ; it did not care to fall with honor, as all causes faU which are destined to rise again ; it dies as it has lived, violating aU laws, divine and human. In this we have the spirit and perhaps the work of that famous secret association, "the Golden Circle," which, after preparing the great rebeUion for twenty years, and spreading its accomplices throughout the West and North, around the seat of the presidency, gave the signal for this impious war on the day when the public conscience finally snatched from the slaveholders the government ofthe United States. The day on which the excellent man whom they have just made a martyr was raised to power they appealed to force, to realize what treason had prepared. They have faUed. They did not succeed in overthrowing Lin coln from power by war ; they have done so by assassination. The plot appears to have been well arranged. By striking down with the President his two principal ministers, one of whom they reached, and the General-in-Chief, who was saved by an accidental occurrence, the murderers expected to disorganize the govemment of the repubUc and give fresh life to the rebeUion. Their hopes will be frustrated. These sanguinary fanatics, whose cause has faUen not so much by the material superiority as the moral power of democracy, have become incapable of understand ing the effects ofthe free institutions which their fathers gloriously aided in establishing, A fresh illustration wiU be seen of what those institutions can produce. The indignation of the people wiU not exhaust itself in a momen tary outburst ; it will concentrate and embody itself in the unani mous, persevering, invincible action of the universal will ; whoever may be the agents, the instruments of the work, that work, we may rest assured, will be finished. The event will show that it did not depend upon the life of one man, or of several men. The work wjU be completed after Lincoln, as if finished by him; but Lincoln wiU remain the austere and sacred personification of a great epoch, the most faithful expression of democracy. This simple and upright man, prudent and strong, elevated step by step from the artisan's bench to the command of a great nation, and always without parade and without effort at the height of his 2.64 LINCOLN MBMOEIAL. position, executing without precipitation, without flourish and with invincible good sense, the most colossal acts, giving to the world this decisive example of the civil power in a republic, directing a gigantic war without free institutions being for an instant com promised or threatened by military usurpation, dying finally at the moment in which, after conquering, he was intent on pacification — ^and may God grant that the atrocious madmen who killed him ..have not killed clemency with him, and determined instead of the peace he wished, pacification by force — this man will stand out in the traditions of his country and the world as an incarnation of the people, and of modem democracy itself The great work of emancipation had to be sealed, therefore, with the blood ofthe just, even as it was inaugurated with the blood of the just. The tragic history of the abolition of slavery which opened with the gibbet of John Brown will close with the assassi nation of Lincoln. And now let him rest by the side of Washington, as the second founder of the great republic. European democracy is present in spirit at his funeral, as it voted in its heart for his re-election, and applauded the victory in the midst of which he passes away. It will wish with one accord to associate itself with the monument that America will raise to him upon the capital of prostrate slavery. In the Corps Legislatif, soon after the opening of that body, M. Rouher, Minister of State, rose and said: An odious crime has plunged in mourning a people which is our ally and our friend. The report of this crime has produced throughout the civilized world a sentiment of indignation and of horror. Abraham Lincoln had exhibited in the sad struggle which rends his country that calm firmness and indomitable energy which belong to strong minds and are the necessary conditions of the accomplishment of great duties. In the hours of victory he exhi bited generosity, moderation, and conciliation. He hastened to put an end to war and to restore peace — America to her splendor and prosperity. The first punishment which God inflicts upon crime is to render it powerless to retard the march of right. The profound emotion and the deep sympathy manifested in Europe will be received by the American people as a consolation and encourage ment. The work of peace, commenced by a grand citizen, will be completed by the national will. The government of the Emperor has caused to be sent to Washington the expression of a legitimate homage to the memory of an illustrious statesman, torn from the EFFECT OP THE DEATH IN EUROPE. 265 government of the United States by an execrable assassination. By order ofthe Emperor, I have the honor to communicate to the Corps Legislatif the despatch sent by the Minister of Foreign Affairs to our representative at Washington. It is conceived as follows : Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ) Paris. ^y)-« 28, 1865. j The news of the crime of which President Lincoln has fallen a victim has caused a profound sentiment of indignation in the imperial government. His Majesty immediately charged one of his aides-de-camp to call upon the Minister of the United States to request him to transmit the expression of this sentiment to Mr. Johnson, now invested with the Presidency. I myself desired by the despatch which I addressed you, under date of yesterday, to acquaint you, without delay, of the painful emotion which we have experienced; and it becomes my duty to-day, in conformity with the views of the Emperor, to render a merited homage to the great citizen whose loss the United States now deplore. Elevated to the Chief Magistracy ofthe republic by the suffrage of his country, Abraham Lincoln exhibited in the exercise of the power placed in his hands the most substantial qualities. In him firmness of character was allied with elevation of principle, and his vigorous soul never wavered before the redoubtable trials reserved for his government. At the moment when an atrocious crime removed him from the mission which he fulfilled with a religious sentiment of duty, he was convinced that the triumph of his policy was definitely assured. His" recent proclamations are stamped with the sentiments of moderation with which he was inspired in resolutely proceeding to the task of reorganizing the Union and consolidating peace. The supreme satisfaction of accomplishing this work has not been accorded him ; but in reviewing these last testimonies to his exalted wisdom, as well as the examples of good sense, of courage, and of patriotism which he has given, history will not hesitate to place him in the rank of citizens who have the most honored their country. By order of the Emperor, I transmit this despatch to the Minister of State, who is charged to com municate it to the Senate and the Corps Legislatif France wiU unanimously associate itself with the sentiment of his Majesty. Receive, &c., &c., DnouTTir de Lhuts, M, DE Gbofet, Charg6 d' Affaires de France k Washington. Afber the reading of the despatch, which was received with unanimous marks of approbation, M. Rouher continued: 266 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. This despatch needs no commentary. The Emperor, all France, are unanimous in their sentiments of condemnation of a detestable crime, in their respect for a grand political character, now a victim of the worst criminal passions, in their ardent wishes for the re- establishment of harmony and concord in the grand and patriotic American nation. M. Schneider, President of the Corps Legislatif, said : Gbntlembn — ^I desire to be the interpreter of your sentiments in publicly expressing the sorrow and true indignation which we have aU felt at the news of the bloody death of President Lincoln. This execrable crime has revolted aU that was noble in the heart of France. Nowhere has the emotion been more profound and universal than in our country. We also desire unqualifiedly to unite our sentiments with the sympathies which have been mani fested by the govemment. Called to the direction of affairs in an ever memorable crisis, Abraham Lincoln showed himself equal to his difficult mission. After displaying unshaken firmness in the struggle, it seemed that he would, by the wisdom of his language and his views, soon bring about a happy and durable reconciliation among the people of the country. His last acts are the crowning ones of the life of an honest man and good citizen. Let us hope that his wishes and his sentiments wUl survive him and inspire the American people with pacific and generous resolutions. France has herself trembled at these bloody struggles which have afflicted humanity and civilization. She ardently desires the re-establish ment of peace in the midst of that great nation, her ally and her friend. May our prayers be heard, and may Providence put an end to these sad trials. The Corps Legislatif will acknowledge to the government the receipt of the communication which it has just made it, and will ask that an extract of the proces-verbal of this session shall be officiaUy addressed to the Minister of State. No further remarks were made upon the communication. In the Senate the same communication was presented, and the following remarks made by the President : — Gentlemen — ^In receiving this communication from the Minister, I ask the Senate to permit me to express, in its name, a sentiment which, by its unanimity and its energy, wUl be received by every heart. The Senate has experienced a profound emotion at the re port of the crime committed upon the iUustrious chief of a friendly nation. Mr. Lincoln, placed since 1861 at the head of the Ameri can nation, had passed through the saddest trial which a govern ment founded upon Uberty could have encountered. It was at the EFFECT OF THE DEATH IN EUROPE. 267 moment when victory offered itself to him — not as a sign of con quest, but as a time for reconcUiation — when a crime, stUl obscure in its causes, has destroyed the existence of this citizen elected to so high a position by the choice of his feUow-countrymen. Mr. Lincoln fell when he thought he had reached the end of the evils through which his country had passed, and while nourishing the patriotic hope of soon seeing it reconstituted and flourishing. The Senate, which has always deplored this civil war, detests with stronger reason those implacable hatreds which are its fruit, and which produce a bloody policy of assassination. There is in this body but one voice to unite itself with the sentiment expressed by order of the Emperor, in the name of a poUcy generous and humane." ITALY. The Italian Chamber of Deputies was draped in black on the 27th, and continued so for the three following days, in mourning for Abraham Lincoln. The Mimster of Finance moved, and the Chamber agreed, to send this address to the American Congress expressing the grief of the country and the House at Mr. Lincoln's assassination. To THE President of the CoNaEEas op REPRESBNTAirvES of the United States OF Amerioa: Hon. Sie: — ^The intelUgence of the assassination of President Lincoln has moved and profoundly grieved the deputies of the Itahan Parliament. From all the pohtical factions of which this Chamber is composed one unanimous cry has arisen denouncing the detestable crime that has been committed, and conveying the expression of deep regret and sympathy for the illustrious victim and the free people whose worthy ruler he was. This Chamber has unanimously resolved to cover its flag with crape for the space of three days, in token of mourning, and has charged me to notify you in a special message its grief, which is also that of Italy, and of all friends of hberty and civUization, The news of the attempt made to assassinate Mr. Seward has inspired the Chamber with like sentiments. In readUy, though sadly, fulfiUing the mission with which I have been charged, I beg you will accept, Hon, Sir, the assurance of my sympathy and consideration, Cassinis, President of the Chamber of Deputies. BELGIUM. The King of the Belgians charged one of his aides-de-camp to visit Mr. Sanford, and express the feeUngs his Majesty experienced at the attacks made upon the President and Minister 268 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. for Foreign Afl'airs of the United States. The Count of Flanders also sent one of his orderly officers to the American Minister for the same purpose. The Minister for Foreign Affairs and the other members of the Cabinet have also lost no time in paying their respects to Mr. Sanford, and instructions have been forwarded to the Belgian Legation at Washington to express to the American Govemment the sentiments of regret and reprobation excited by such disgraceful acts. At Saturday's sitting of the Chamber of Deputies M. le Hardy de Beaulieu 'stated, in the most sympathizing terms, the emotion produced in Belgium by the news of the tragic event, and recalled all the claims of President Lincoln to general consideration, M. de Haerne spoke in the same sense with much feeling. The Minister for Foreign Affairs said that the govern ment fully agreed with the sentiments which had just been ex pressed, and that it had already conveyed its opinion to the govern ment of the United States and their representatives at Brussels. He added his sincerest good wishes for the recovery of Mr. Seward, whose life he considered highly important for the defini tive pacification of the country so long desolated by the war, and whose prosperity was earnestly desired by aU the friends of liberty. PRUSSIA. The death of Mr. Lincoln was received with great concern in this country, and Herr Loewe, himself an old American, and now one of the most active and influential members of the Lower House, rose at the first sitting to devote a few solemn and admiring words to the memory of the deceased republican states man : "Gentlemen," he said, "permit me to request your attention to a subject which, though not coming within the limits of our imme diate task, is yet one of the gravest interest to us, and, indeed, the world at large. Many of the honorable members have felt it a duty, on the occasion of the untimely death of Mr. Lincoln, to give expression to their sincere sympathy with the nation who now mourn his loss. Abraham Lincoln has been taken away in the hour of triumph. I trust that the task he so faithfully conducted in the service of a great and glorious people will be completed by his successor ; and while I cannot but congratulate myself on the earnest and most effective support he received from so many of our countrymen on the other side of the ocean, I wish to assure the German Americans, as well as the Americans generally, that we glory in their glories and sorrow in their sorrows. It vvas the banner of freedom he carried aloft ; and if, while transacting vie- EFFECT OF THE DEATH IN EUROPE. 269 toriously the most important business of one ofthe greatest nations ofthe earth, he remained a simple, modest, and unpretending man, nevertheless he will be all the dearer to the German heart for per forming his duty without pomp or ceremony, and relying on that dignity of his inner self alone, which is far above rank, orders, and titles. I have drawn up an address expressive of these sentiments, which will be presented to Mr. Judd, the American Minister at this capital. As it might be contrary to rules to move for the House entering into communication with a foreign diplomatist, I invite such of you as are disposed to share in our condolences to send in your signatures privately, and pay your respect to the deceased, who was a faithful servant no less of his commonwealth than of civilization, of freedom and humanity," At the close of the speech the House rose in token of respectful assent. The conservatives alone and a few ultrartiontanes kept their seats : but these, too, declared, through the mouths of some of their leaders, that they shared the horror and indignation of the other parties, and that they would have supported the preced ing speaker in giving utterance to a feeling which was a common one all over the civilized world, had not his condolence, been mixed up with politics. The address to Mr, Judd, which was signed by a vast majority of. njembers, runs to the following effect :— - " Sir — We, the undersigned, members of the Prussian House of Deputies, pray your acceptance of our heartfelt condolence on the heavy loss the government and people of the United States have suffered by the death of the late President Lincoln. We turn in horror from the crime to which he has fallen a victim, and we are the more deeply moved by this pubhc affliction, inasmuch as it has occurred at a moment when we were rejoicing at the triumph of the United States, and as it was accompanied by an attempt upon the life of Mr. Seward, the faithful associate of his labors, who, with so much wisdom and resolve, aided Mr, Lincoln in the ful filment of bis arduous task. By the simultaneous death of these great and good men, the people of the United States were to be deprived of the fruits of their protracted struggle and patriotic devotion at the very moment when the triumph of right and law promised to bring back the blessings of a long desired peace. " Sir, you have been staying among us a living witness of the deep and earnest sympathy which the people of Germany, duruig a long and serious war, have entertained for the United States, You are aware that Germany has looked with feelings of pride 270 LINCOLN MEMORIAL, and joy at the thousands of her sons so resolutely aiding with law and right in this your war. You have seen our joy on receiving good tidings from the United States, and know the confidence with which we ever looked forward to the victory of your cause, and the reconstruction of the Union in all its ancient might and splendor. The grand work of reconstruction will, we trust, be not delayed by this terrible crime. The blood of the great and wise chieftain wiU only serve to cement the Union for which he died. To us this is guaranteed by the respect of the law and the love of Uberty which the people of the United States evinced in the very midst of this tremendous contest, " 'We request your good offices for giving expression to our con dolences and our sympathies with the people and govemment of the United States, and communicating this address to the Cabinet you represent, " Receive, &c,, "The Members of the House of Deputies. "BEELQf, April 28, 1865." The address was immediately signed by deputies of the House. A solemn service, in the German and EngUsh languages, was performed on May 2, in the Dorothea church, BerUn, in memory of President Lincoln. Numerous deputations were present. Herr Von Bismark attended, and the King was represented by his aides-de-camp. The church was crowded. IX. POEMS. IX. i>oem:s. ABRAHAM LINCOLN— AN HORATIAN ODE. BT RICHARD HENEY STODDARD. Not as when some great Captain falls In battle, where his Country calls. Beyond the strugghng lines That push his dread designs To doom, by some stray ball struck dead : Or, in the last charge, at the head Of his determined men. Who must be victors then ! Nor as when sink the civic Great, The safer pillars of the State, Whose calm, mature, wise words Suppress the need of swords ! — With no such tears as e'er were shed Above the noblest of our Dead Do we to-day deplore The Man that is no more 1 Our sorrow hath a wider scope. Too strange for fear, too vast for hope, — A Wonder, blind and dumb. That waits — what is to come ! Not more astounded had we been If Madness, that dark night, unseen. Had in our chambers crept, And murdered while we slept ! We woke to find a mouming Earth — Our Lares shivered on the hearth, — The roof-tree fallen, — aU •• That could aSright, appall ! 18 274 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. Such thunderbolts, in other lands. Have smitten the rod from royal ha'.ids. But spared, with us, till now. Each laureUed Cesar's brow ! No Cesar he, whom we lament, A Man without a precedent. Sent, it would seem, to do His work — and perish too I Not by the weary cares of State, The endless tasks, which wiU not wait. Which, often done in vain. Must yet be done again : Not in the dark, wild tide of War, Which rose so high, and roUed so far, Sweeping from sea to sea In awful anarchy : — Four fateful years of mortal strife. Which slowly drained the Nation's life, (Yet, for each drop that ran There sprang an armed man !) Not then ; — ^but when by measures meet, — By victory, and by defeat — By courage, patience, skiU, The People's fixed " We will/" Had pierced, had crushed Rebellion dead, — Without a Hand, without a Head ; — At last, when aU was well. He fell— O, how he feU ! The time, — ^the place, — the steaUng Shape, — The coward shot, — ^the swift escape, — The wife — the widow's scream, — It is a hideous Dream ! A Dream ? — what means this pageant, then ? These multitudes of solemn men. Who speak not when they meet, But throng the silent street ? LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 275 The flags half-mast, that late so high Flaunted at each new victory ? (The stars no brightness shed. But bloody looks the red !) The black festoons that stretch for miles. And tum the streets to funeral aisles ? (No house too poor to show The Nation's badge of woe !) The cannon's sudden, sullen boom, — The bells that toll of death and doom, — The roUing of the drums, — The dreadful Car that comes ? Cursed be the hand that fired the shot ! The frenzied brain that hatched the plot : Thy Country's Father slain By thee, thou worse than Cain ! Tyrants have fallen by such as thou, And Good hath foUowed — May it now ! (God lets bad instruments Produce the best events.) But he, the Man we mourn to-day. No tyrant was ; so mUd a sway In one such weight who bore Was never known before ! Cool should he be, of balanced powers. The Ruler of a Race hke ours. Impatient, headstrong, wild, — The Man to guide the Child ! And this he was, who most imfit (So hard the sense of God to hit !) Did seem to fill his Place. With such a homely face, — Such rustic manners — speech uncouth — (That somehow blundered out the Truth !) Untried, untrained to bear. The more than kingly Care ? i76 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. Ay ! And his genius put to scorn The proudest in the purple born. Whose wisdom never grew To what, untaught, he knew — The People, of whom he was one. No gentleman like Washington, — (Whose bones, methinks, make room. To have him in their tomb !) A laboring man, with horny hands. Who swung the axe, who tiUed his lands. Who shrank from nothing new. But did as poor men do ! One of the People ! Bom to be Their curious Epitome ; To share, yet rise above Their shifting hate and love. Common his mind (it seemed so then). His thoughts the thoughts of other men ; Plain were his words, and poor — But now they wUl endure ! No hasty fool, of stubborn will. But prudent, cautious, pliant, still ; Who, since his work was good. Would do it, as he could. Doubting, was not ashamed to doubt. And, lacking prescience, went without ; Often appeared to halt. And was, of course, at fault : Heard all opinions, nothing loth. And loving both sides, angered both : Was — not hke Justice, blind, But watchful, clement, kind. No hero, this, of Roman mould ; Nor like our stately sires of old ; Perhaps he was not Great — But he preserved the State ! LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 277 O honest face, which all men knew ! O tender heart, but known to few ! O Wonder of the Age, Cut off by tragic Rage ! Peace ! Let the long procession come. For hark! — ^the mournful, muffled drum— The trumpet's wail afar, — And see ! the awful Car ! Peace ! Let the sad procession go. While cannon boom, and beUs toll slow ; And go, thou sacred Car, Bearing our Woe afar ! Go, darkly borne, from State to State, Whose loyal, sorrowing Cities wait To honor all they can The dust of that Good Man ! Go, grandly borne, with such a train As greatest kings might die to gain : The Just, the Wise, the Brave Attend thee to the grave ! And you, the soldiers of our wars. Bronzed veterans, grim with noble scars, Salute him once again, Your late Commander — slain ! Yes, let your tears, indignant, faU, But leave your muskets on the wall ; Your Country needs you now Beside the forge, the plough ! (When Justice shaU unsheathe her brand- If Mercy may not stay her hand, Nor would we have it so — She must direct the blow !) Aud you, amid the Master-Race Who seem so strangely out of place, Know ye who cometh ? He Who hath declared ye Free ! 278 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. Bow whUe the Body passes — Nay, FaU on your knees, and weep, and pray. Weep, weep — ^I would ye might — Your poor, black faces white ! And, ChUdren, you must come in bands. With garlands in your httle hands. Of blue, and white, and red. To strew before the Dead ! So sweetly, sadly, sternly goes The FaUen to his last repose ; • Beneath no mighty dome. But in his modest Home ; The churchyard where his chUdren rest. The quiet spot that suits him best ; There shall his grave be made. And there his bones be laid ! And there his countrymen shall come. With memory proud, with pity dumb, And strangers far and near, For many and many a year ! For many a year, and many an Age, WhUe History on her ample page The virtues shaU enroll Ofthat Paternal Soul! POEMS. 279 ABRAHAM LINCOLN. FOULLY ASSASSINATED, APRIL 14, 1863. (From the London Punch.) You lay a wreath on murdered Lincoln's bier. You, who with mocking pencU wont to trace. Broad for the self-complacent British sneer. His length of shambling limb, his furrowed face. His gaunt, gnarled hands, his unkempt, bristling hair. His garb uncouth, his beariug UI at ease. His lack of aU we prize as debonair. Of power or wUl to shine, of art to please. You, whose smart pen backed up the pencil's laugh, Judging each step, as though the way were plain ; Reckless, so it could point its paragraph. Of chief's perplexity, or people's pain. Beside this corpse, that bears for winding-sheet The stars and stripes he lived to rear anew. Between the mourners at his head and feet. Say, scurrile jester, is there room for you ? Yes, he had Uved to shame me from my sneer, To lame my pencil, and confute my pen — To make me own this hind of princes peer. This raU-spUtter a true-bom king of men. My shallow judgment I had learnt to rue. Noting how to occasion's height he rose. How his quaint wit made home-truth seem more true. How, iron-like, his temper grew by blows. How humble, yet how hopeful he could be : How in good fortime and in iU the same : Nor bitter in success, nor boastful he. Thirsty for gold, nor feverish for fame. He went about his work — such work as few Ever had laid on head and heart and hand — As one who knows, where there's a task to do, Man's honest wUl must Heaven's good grace command ; 280 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. Who trusts the strength will with the burden grow, That God makes instruments to work his will. If but that will we can arrive to know. Nor temper with the weights of good and ill. So he went forth to battle, on the side That he felt clear was Liberty's and Right's, As in his peasant boyhood he had phed His warfare with rude Nature's thwarting mights — The uncleared forest, the unbroken soil. The iron bark that turns the lumberer's axe. The rapid, that o'erbears the boatman's toil. The prairie, hiding the mazed wanderer's tracks. The ambushed Indian, and the prowling bear — Such were the needs that helped his youth to train : Rough culture — but such trees large fruit may bear. If but their stocks be of right girth and grain. So he grew up, a destined work to do. And lived to do it : four long-suffering years. Ill-fate, ill-feeling, ill-report, Uved through. And then he heard the hisses changed to cheers. The taunts to tribute, the abuse to praise. And took both with the same unwavering mood : TiU, as he came on light, from darkUng days. And seemed to touch the goal from where he stood, A felon had, between the goal and him. Reached from behind his back, a trigger prest — And those perplexed and patient eyes were dim. Those gaunt, long-laboring limbs were laid to rest! The words of mercy were upon his lips, Forgiveness in his heart and on his pen. When this vUe murderer brought swift ecUpse To thoughts of peace on earth, good-wiU to men. The Old World and the New, from sea to sea, Utter one voice of sympathy and shame ! Sore heart, so stopped when it at last beat high ; Sad life, cut short just as its triumph came. X. THE ASSASSIN AND HIS END. Treason has done hia worst I A hand accurst Has made the Nation orphan by a lilow ; Has turned its hymns of joy to wail and woe As for a father lost, a saviour slain, — And blood, and toil, and anguish spent in vain I Half hie great work was done. By victory won O'er recreant chiefs, and rebels in the field, Compelled to bow the knee and homage yield ; And his calm breast, from war and vengeance turned, With generous pity towards the vanqnished yearned. Deep joy was in his soul As o'er it roll Sweet thoughts of peace and magnanimity. Wounds healed, wrath quelled, his country free. Foes turned to friends, the bitter past forgiven ; — Such thoughts as earthly power make like to heaven. While all suspicion slept, The assassin crept Into the circle where, in guardlese state. The simple Chief in friendly converse sate, And, in an instant, ere a hand could rise. The Nation's Hope a slaughtered martyr lies I In peace, great martyr, sleep I Thy people weep, But stop their tears to swear upon thy grave The cause thou died'st for they but live to save; And the great Bond, cemented by thy blood, Shall stand unbroken, as it still hath stood. The traitors fiendlike act, By stern campact. Binds us still closer 'gainst the murderous band That fain with blood would deluge all the land ; But vanquished by the sword, for mercy kneel. And pay it, granted, with the assassin's stee). Oh, for this hellish deed Thousands shall bleed. That else had lived to bless thy gentle name By mercy wreathed with an immortal fame ; And traitors, from a nation's wrath, shall learn That outraged Pity's tears to sternest justice turn I Geo. Vwidenhoff. X. THE ASSASSm AND HIS FATE. Booth, after escaping from the theatre, galloped away so rapidly, yet quietly, that his accomplice, Harold, stationed there did not at first notice it, and was consequently unable to over take him for a considerable time. Their flight had, however, been well planned ; their confederates, who had regularly called out to each other the time in front of the theatre, had, as the blow was struck, cut the telegraph wires. Booth and Harold's destination was Surrattville, the tavern of Mrs. Surratt, one of the conspirators. Here carbines and whiskey were in readiness for them, she, herself going that very day for the second time to prevent mistake or delay. Although Booth, in his leap to tbe stage, had broken the smaller bone of his leg, this did not pre vent his flight, and galloping past the Patent Office, over Capital Hill, and crossing the Eastern branch at Uniontown, Booth gave his name to the officer in charge, who having no tidings of the crime, and seeing nothing suspicious, allowed him and Harold to proceed, but detained a third. Having passed this first obstacle. Booth pushed on, and at midnight the two reached Surrattville. Harold immediately roused Lloyd, the landlord, and got from him the carbines, whiskey, and field-glass which Mrs. Surratt had directed him to give them. They took but one carbine, Harold saying that Booth had broken his leg and could not carry it. The other carbine remained in the hall and was found by the officers. Just as they were about leaving, Booth said, "I will tell you some news, if you want to hear it." Lloyd says that he replied : " I am not particular ; use your own choice about teU ing news." " Well," said Booth, " I am pretty certain that we have assassinated the President and Secretary Seward." Thus proclaiming his crime. Booth and his comrade dashed 284 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. away across Prince George's county. His wound was now painful, and although he seems to have wished to get the surgi cal aid of Dr. Stewart, he stopped on Saturday morning, before sunrise, at the house of Dr. Samuel A, Mudd, three mUes from Bryan-town. Mudd was brought to trial with Mrs. Surratt, Harold, Payne, and others, and is shown to have known Booth, and had private business with him a short time before. At all events he now cut off Booth's riding boot and hastily set his leg, extemporizing splints, and ordering a hired man to make him a pair of crutches. Dr. Mudd knew that there was need of haste, and used all expedition. He sheltered them aU day, but towards evening they slipped their horses from the stable and rode away in the direction of Allen's Fresh. Below Bryantown run certain deep and slimy swamps ; along the belt of these Booth and Harold picked up a negro named Swan, who volunteered to show them the road for two dollars ; they gave him five more to show them the route to Allen's Fresh, but really wished, as their actions intimated, to gain the house of one Sam. Coxe, a notorious rebel, and probably well advised of the plot. They reached the house at midnight. It is a fine dwelling, one of the best in Maryland. And after hallooing for some time, Coxe came down to the door himself. As soon as he opened it and beheld who the strangers were, he instantly blew out a candle be held in his hand, and without a word pulled them into the house, the negro remaining in the yard. The confederates remained in Coxe's house till 4 A. M,, during which time the negro saw them drink and eat heartUy ; but when they appeared they spoke in a loud tone, so that Swan could hear them, against the hospitality of Coxe. All this was meant to influence the negro ; but their motives were as appa rent as their words. He conducted them three miles further on, when they told him that now they knew the way, and giving him five dollars more — making twelve in all — told him to go back. But when the negro, in the dusk of the morning, looked after them as he receded, he saw that both horses' heads were turned once more toward ' Coxe's, and it was this man, doubtless, who harbored the fugitives from Sunday to Thursday, aided, possibly, by such neighbors as the Wilsons and Adamses. At the point where Booth crossed the Potomac the shores are very shaUow, and one must wade out some distance to where a THE ASSASSIN AND HIS PATE. 285 boat will float. A white man came up here with a canoe on Friday, and tied it by a stone anchor. Between seven and eight o'clock it disappeared, and in the afternoon some men at work on Methxy creek, in Virginia, saw Booth and Harold land, tie the boat's rope to a stone, and fling it ashore, and strike at once across a ploughed field for King George Court House. They thence reached the Rappahannock at Port Conway, and crossing, were aided on their route by a party of rebel cavalrymen on their way to their homes. By their help they reached the house of one Grarrett, near Bowling Green, the court-house town of Caroline County, a small scattered place. Meanwhile the authorities at Washington had been scouring the country in vain, till the regular detectives of Baker's force were set at work. A negro was soon found who declared that he had seen Booth and another man cross the Potomac in a fishing boat. The point of crossing led Colonel Baker to con clude that he would attempt to pass Port Royal as the only feasible point. A party of twenty-five cavalry, under Lieutenant Dougherty, was accordingly despatched, the expedition being under the command of Lieut.-Col. E. J. Conger, of Ohio. At Port Royal they got tbe first certain traces of the assassins ; pushing on they surprised, in bed, at Bowling Green, Jett the rebel captain, on whose horse Booth had ridden. He soon revealed all he knew. The party then taking him as a guide retraced their steps, and by two o'clock on the morning of the 25th of April they halted at Garrett's gate. Rousing up the proprietor, they demanded where the men were, Garrett at first declared that they had gone, and the women of the family, whose rooms were searched, corroborated this statement. But Garrett's son acknowledged that the fugitives were in the barn. This was at once surrounded; but instead of bursting in at different points, they began to parley. Lieutenant Baker hailed : " To the persons in this barn, I have a proposal to make ; we are about to send into you the son of the man in whose cus tody you are found. Either surrender to him your arms and then give yourselves up, or we'll set fire to the place. We mean to take you both, or to have a bonfire and a shooting match." No answer came to this af any kind. The lad, John M, 286 LINCOLN MEMORIAL, Garrett, who was in deadly fear, was here pushed through the door by a sudden opening of it, and immediately Lieutenant Baker locked the door on the outside. The boy was heard to state his appeal in an under tone. Booth replied : " Damn you. Get out of here. You have betrayed me," and appa rently attempted to kill the lad, who escaped in terror. Baker then said : " You must surrender inside there. Give up your arms and appear. There is no chance for escape. We give you five minutes to make up your mind," "Who are you, and what do you want with us ?" Baker again urged: "We want you to deliver up your arms and become our prisoners." " But who are you ?" hallooed the same voice. Baker. — " That makes no difference. We know who you are, and we want you. We have here .fifty men, armed with car bines and pistols. You cannot escape." There was a long pause, and then Booth said : " Captain, this is a hard case, I swear. Perhaps I am being taken by my own friends." No reply by the detective. Booth. — " Well, give us a little time to consider." Baker. — " Very well. Take time." Here ensued a long and eventful pause. What thronging memories it brought to Booth, we can only guess. In this little interval he made the resolve to die. But he was cool and steady to the end. Baker, after a lapse, haUed for the last time, "WeU, we have waited long enough; surrender your arms and come out, or we'll fire the barn," Booth answered thus: "I am but a cripple, a one-legged man. Withdraw your forces one hundred yards from the door, and I will come. Give me a chance for my life, captain. I will never be taken alive." Baker. — " We did not come here to fight, but to capture you. I say again, appear, or the barn shall be fired." Then with a long breath, which could be heard outside, Booth cried in sudden calmness, stUl invisible, as were to him his enemies : — " Well, then, my brave boys, prepare a stretcher for me." There was a pause repeated, broken by low discussions within. THE ASSASSIN AND HIS FATE. 287 between Booth and his associate, the former saying, as if in answer to some remonstrance or appeal, " Get away from me. You are a damned coward, and mean to leave me in my distress ; but go, go. I don't want you to stay. I won't have you stay." Then he shouted aloud : — " There's a man inside who wants to surrender." Baker. — " Let him come, if he will bring his arms." Here Harold, rattling at the door, said : " Let me out ; open the door ; I want to surrender." Baker. — " Hand out your arms, then," Harold. — " I have not got any." Baker. — " You are the man who carried the carbine yester day ; bring it out," Harold. — " I haven't got any," This was said in a whining tone. Booth cried aloud at this hesitation : " He hasn't got any arms ; they are mine, and I have kept them." Baker. — " Well, he carried the carbine, and must bring it out." Booth. — " On the word and honor of a gentleman, he has no arms with him. They are mine, and I have got them," At this time Harold was quite up to the door, within whisper ing distance of Baker. The latter told him to put out his hands to be handcuffed, at the same time drawing open the door a little distance, Harold thrust forth his hands, when Baker seizing him jerked him into the night, and straightway delivered him over to a deputation of cavalrymen. The fellow began to talk of his innocence and pleaded so noisily that Conger threatened to gag him unless he ceased. Then Booth made his last appeal in the same clear, unbroken voice : — " Captain, give me a chance. Draw off your men and I will fight them singly, I could have killed you six times to-night, but I believe you to be a brave man, and would not 'murder you. Give a lame man a show," Ere he ceased speaking. Colonel Conger slipping around to the rear, drew some loose straws through a crack, and lit a match upon them. They were dry and blazed up in an instant. Booth was now at bay. Unable from the light to detect any one of those outside, he at last, carbine in poise, pushed to the door, evidently resolved to sell his life dearly, but before he reached it, Boston Corbet, a sergeant, eyeing him through a 288 LINCOLN MEMORIAL. crack, fired. The ball entered Booth's head, and he fell. Conger and two sergeants then entered, and carrying him out of the flames laid him on the grass. He appeared to be insen sible, but in a few minutes partially revived, and made efforts to speak. By placing his ear close to Booth's mouth. Colo nel Conger heard him say, "Tell my mother I die for my, country." He was then carried to the porch of Garrett's house. Colonel Conger sent to Port Royal for a physician, who, on his arrival, found Booth dying. Before the moment of final dissolution he repeated, " Tell mother I died for my country. I did what I thought was for the best." When an effort was made to revive him by bathing his. face and hands in cold water, be uttered the words " Useless — useless." He was shot at about fifteen minutes past three A, M., and died a little after seven A, M., on Wednesday. When it was ascertained that he was dead, the body was placed upon a cart — the only conveyance that could be procured — and brought to Belle Plain, where it was placed upon the steamer, and conveyed to tbe navy yard at Washington. After It was deposited there it was identified by Dr. May, who bad on one occasion cut a tumor from Booth's neck, and recognised the scar thus made. It was also identified by some thirty others, who were familiar with Booth during his lifetime, as well as by his initials on his arm. The body was somewhat bruised on the back and shoulders by the ride in the cart from Garrett's farm to Belle Plain, but the features were intact, and perfectly recog nisable. After the identification, by order of the War Department, the body was privately buried, in the clothing which was upon it at the time Booth was shot. Thus closed tbe career of Booth, who is to be regarded either as one of that silly weak-minded class in the Border States, who have outheroded Herod in their attempts to gain the good opinions of the South Carolinians, or perhaps more likely as a mere cut-throat, lured by a bribe to commit treason in its most concentrated shape, the assassination of the head of the govern ment, the base-born son of a mad actor, the fitting tool for the last crime of Slavery.