YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 5 A 1 I- / ' ' i%_- - ' D E'"I^LVe thefe Booki for tie founding tf a. Colftge m t^ Caloiif'' AILIPIIABBTICAIL. JLIBT MERCHANTS, TRADERS, HOUSEKEEPERS, . RESIDING IN MONTREIAL. Xto wbich is KBBFIXED, , I ; j A DESCEIPTIVE §iKETCH OF THE TOWN, H BY THOMAS DOIGE, MONTREAL : PKINTBD BY JAMES LANE, AT HIS PBINTING-OFPIOE, No. S9, Saint Paul Street; AND TO BE HAS OF THB FKaPBIETOB, NO. S, SAUiT JEAN . B4FTISTE ST&EBT, ' | PRICE «TE SHILMNOSi 1819, "^^^^^^^ A Limited Edition of 300 copies, numbered from 1 to 300. Published for David Waters, 494 St. James Street, Montreal. No.. An Exact Copy of the Original Montreal Directory, published by Thomas Doige in the year 1819. Printed by the "Witness" Printing Holsk, Montreal, July, 1899. AN ^HABETICA] MERCHANTS, TRADERS, And HOUSEKEEPERS, RESIDING IN MONTREAL. TO WHICH IS PREFIXED, A DESCEIPTIVE SKETCH OF THE TOWN. BY THOMAS DOIGE. MONTREAL : PRINTED BT JAMES LANE, AT HIS PRINTING-OFFICE, No. 29, Saint Patd Street ; AND TO BE HAD OF THB PROPRIETOR, NO. 5, SAINT JEAN BAPTISTE STREET. PRICE FIVE SHILLINGS. 1819. ADVERTISEMEIsTT, In undertaking to procure a correct list of the Merchants, Traders, and Housekeepers of i\iontreal, the compiler was well aware of the existing difficulties ; he did not, however, conceive, or anticipate, any other, than those publicly known, would intentionally have been thrown in his way. Such, unfortun ately, has been the case ; and but for the greatest perseverance, and a determination to eflect the object so anxiously enquired after, in the best manner it was susceptible of, this work must still have continued in embryo. The impediments before alluded to, have certainly had the effect of preventing the Directory being as perfect, as it was the wish of the compiler it should be. He can only, therefore, offer it to the public, as the best, that could possibly be obtained, under the circumstances, with all the attention and pains, that himseK and assistants were able to bestow upon it. The absence of eulogium on its accuracy, in this place, it is to be hoped will not affect its utility ; as the compiler trusts, on , examina tion, it will be found serviceable, and deemed worthy the public patronage. The houses in all the streets, within what is called the Town, are numbered ; as are the whole of those in the KecoUect Suburb, and Saint Antoine Street, in Saint Antoine Suburb. The numbers inserted in the Direc tory, as belonging to the houses in the Saint Lawrence, Saint Anne's, Saint Louis, and the Quebec Suburbs, are those which they would have borne, had the numbering been con tinued. Every Housekeeper in those places, may now, if he thinks proper, place the num ber on his house, and make it accord with the Directory, which, in that particular, will not mislead him. In order to make this publication more useful to strangers, a short sketch of the toAvn is prefixed ,to it, which merely states, in a language familiar to all who understand Eng lish, such particulars as the compiler pre sumed would ,be considered acceptable, to those who are not well acquainted with Montreal ; and as such only are they intro duced. 5, SL Joan Bapfixfc Sfrcrf,, \ 20th October, 1819. j DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH OF MONTREAL. MoNTEEAL stands on an Island, and is situ ate in Latitude 45°, 30', ISTorth, and Longi tude 73°, 22', West, of the Royal Observatory at Greenwich ; — In extent of population and trade, it may be justly termed the Capital of the Canadas ; although the Seat of Govern- nient is in Quebec. — It is about eight miles from La Chine — nine from Laprairie — twen ty-three from St. .lohns — forty-five from So- rell or William Henry — ninety from Three Rivers — one hundred and eighty from Que bec, and two hundred and five from Kings ton. — It extends in length, Northerly and Southerly, upwards of tAvo miles, running back in a Westerly direction about a mile from the River St. Lawrence, to the foot of the insulated Mountain from which it takes its name. — The old town, the boundaries of which are known by remains of the former town gates, and of the fortifications which protected it ; was in form, an oblong square ; but as what was used to be called the Suburbs, is now considered part of the Town, its pre sent scite is very irregular. — Many new streets have been lately laid out, and judging from its amasing increase of population, and the rapidity with which improvements are progressing, it is likely that within a few years, it will be nearly double the size it was ten years ago. The soil in the neighbourhood of Montreal is for the most part composed of clay, with out stones, except here and there may be found globular masses of granite lying on the surface. Near the Mountain, however, there are some quarries of granite and strata of lime, and there the soil is generally light and loomy. The Mountain of Montreal affords an ex cellent protection to the town and harbour, against the N. W. winds, which at certain ]ieriods of the year, blow with a violence sel dom surpassed — the most prevalent winds that are experienced here being from, the North ward of East ; and North of N. W. — the former prevailing during the spring months, and the latter in the fall and winter. From various parts of this Mountain, a beautiful prospect opens to the view ; but from no part, perhaps, more particularly so, than from the spot on the South side, which belonged to the late Simon M'Tavish, Es quire ; and which may be known by a hand some building erecting 'when he died, that still remains in an unfinished state. From this place there is a delightful view of Chambly Moun tain — Beloeil Mountain, on the top of which there is a considerable Lake, the St. John's Mountain and of the Blue Mountains, in the State of Vermont ; which the eye can trace the course of, until they are entirely lost in the distant perspective — the villages of Lon- gueuil and Laprairie, with various farm houses, the islands in the river, &c. &c. form a pleasing part of the general prospect. — On this spot, scarcely out of the buzz of business in the Towm, which appears to lie immediate ly beneath it, you perceive the shipping in the harbour, the mechanic on his building, the agriculturist in his field and innumerable fine gardens and orchards, surrounding the various elegant seats, belonging to the gen tlemen of Montreal. All kinds of fruit, found in European climes under similar latitudes, are produced in these gardens — the apples in particular, are of a very superior quality ; and some of them, possessing a most delicious taste and flavour, are considered worthy pre- 10 sents to the best apple countries in Europe. The clear and extensive prospect of the River Saint Lawrence, deemed one of the finest rivers in the world, with the shipping, steam boats, and other craft navigating it ; the ex tensive Prairie on the opposite side of the ri ver, the roads of which are constantly cover ed with vehicles of commerce, passing from and to the United States, afford a pleasing subject for contemplation ; which will soon be improved by the serpentine waters of the canal to La Chine. The advantages of rapid vegetation are felt here very particularly, and appear to atone for the great length of time the frost is in the ground — indeed, Montreal can scarcely be said to have more than two seasons, in the year, Summer and Winter, each of which pro duce abundant favours ; the Winter affords greater facilities for bringing certain articles of produce to Montreal market, than any other period of the year ; as immense quan tities of snow invariably fall, which affords the means of good sleighing ; and more busi ness with the inhabitants of the interior is consequently done then, than at any other time ; when the river is frozen over, and the roads laid out upon the ice, which generally is the case early in January, until the thaws commence in April, the town is crowded with sleighs, from all parts of the country ; and 11 the snow will scarcely be off the ground, ere the budding leaf peeps through the bark ; quickly after, the trees are in full blossom, the odour of which perfumes the whole neighbourhood, and the grain is high enough in the field to be waving in the wind — at the same time the shipping begin to arrive, and the river is covered with craft, Durham boats, rafts of timber, staves, lumber, &c. intended for the Montreal market. The temperature of Montreal is remark ably variable, and is operated upon by almost every change of wind ; yet, notwithstanding the quick transitions from extreme heat to cool weather, and the reverse, that are fre quently experienced here, Montreal is con sidered a very healthy place. The heat in the Slimmer is often known as high as 96° in the shade, and for weeks together, it will aver age 90° at, or shortly after, meridian. Epi demic disorders are nevertheless very uncom mon, which is attributed to the great length and severity of the winters, when the thermo meter will often be as low as 30° below zero. So much cold weather, which is generally ac companied with a clear sky, tends to purify the town for a considerable time after ; and the highly rarified air, bracing the nerves and giving strength to the human system, enables it to bear the effect of hot summers ¦^jth less danger. The improvements pieces- 12 sary in the department which has charge of cleansing the town, has lately become a mat ter of serious conversation ; and when the highly important consideration of the healths of the inhabitants being so immediately con nected with its cleanliness and purity, has a fair chance against additional expense, or the employment of more efficient persons to per form this duty, if required, the cause for com plaint will be entirely done away, and Mont real stand confirmed as healthy a situation as any to be found. The houses in Montreal, which, at first sight, are mostly of a forbidding aspect to a stranger, are generally built of stone, of an excellent quality, found near the town. The old houses are of the fashion of those found in the ancient towns of France ; but such buildings as have of late been erected, are mostly of cut stone, and built in the modern style, possessing a very handsome appearance. Among the most prominent may be noticed the public edifices of the English Church, the Court-house, the Jail, which is placed in a \ ery healthy situation, commanding a view of the Champ de Mars, and the surrounding fine open country, the Montreal Bank, and the Mansion-House Hotel. — There are many equally handsome well finished private bouses, and others daily erecting of this material. Out of the tovm the most elegant 13 seats are built with it, among which will be ranked in the first class, the fashionable and beautiful mansion of Mr. Thos. Torrance, that stands on the brow of the hill, leading from St. Laurent street up to the Mountain; as are those of his brother Mr, John Tor rance, and of the late Mr. William . Hutchin son, and several others within the town. Un til of late years bricks were very partially used for building here. They have now however become more usual. Several brick yards are established, where very handsome and dur able bricks are manufactured, and many ex tensive modern brick houses have been built, which, for fashion and elegance, would not discredit the most beautiful squares in Lon don. At the top of the New Market, there is a monument erected of cut stone, to , the me mory of the immortal Nelson. The pillar, or column, which is about six feet in diame ter, stands on a base or pedestal, which is about twenty feet wide at the bottom, and about 10 feet high to the foot of the pillar. The whole appears to be about 75 feet high from the ground. On the summit is a statue of Lord Nelson, standing bare headed, with a spy-glass in his hand, supported by the stump of a mast. The pedestal is square, and on three sides of it, are represented the actions, or circumstances attending them, in 14 which he obtained his most splendid victories — the Nile — Copenhagen, and Trafalgar — with an appropriate inscription on each sub ject. On the fourth side is an inscription, stating by whom, (the inhabitants of Mon treal) and the object for which, this monu ment was erected. The base of the pillar is encircled with a cable, and over the monu mental inscription is an alligator ; the cor ners of the pedestal are supported by cannon, and the whole is enclosed with iron rail ing, outside of which four cannon are sunk in the ground as posts, to which is affixed a cl-ain as a barrier to carriages. The principal public buildings that have been some time erected, are the Roman Ca- Iholic Churches and Nunneries, the College or lesser Seminary, and the Barracks. The Roman Catholic Church, called St. Marie, commonly known by the name of No tre Dame Church, is a very extensive build ing. The magnificence of its interior, is su perior to any of the kind we find in the Oa- iiadas — The Ceiling of the Church is divided into conic sections, by superb gilt mouldings; in the A'acant space between which, , are var ious gilt figures, handsomely executed — ^In the centre of this ceiling, is a circular paint ing of the Ascension, in full sized figures — ¦ The ceiling over the choristry is divided into squares of about two feet, the angles of which 15 are studded with gilt stars— Towards the rear of the choristry is an elegant gilt open crown, supported by four pillars, the ground of which is painted pea green and the risings are all gilt — this serves as a canopy to the Altar, which is immediately under it ; behind this h a nich or recess, in which is placed a full length statue of the Virgin Mary, apparently cut in white marble — The ornaments of the Altar of this Church, during Divine service, are very rich, and on each side of the chor istry are fine paintings on Scriptural subjects — There are galleries over the chapels, or chancels, as they are termed, and in the cen tre a large organ is placed — Over the right hand is a well carved figure of our Saviour crucified — The whole of the interior of this Church chancel forms a splendid, though solemn appearance, and it is computed to be able to hold a congregation of 2000 people. The Protestant Episcopal Parish Church of Montreal, is a very fine edifice, built in the modern style — the interior of it, is commodi- ously divided into pews, very neatly fitted up; this Church having been found too small for its greatly increasing congregation, a gal lery has been lately added to it — its interior is a model of the mild unassuming character of the religion professed in it — it is hand some without ostentation — commodiously ar ranged, and for delicacy of design and neat- 16 ness of appearance it is particularly remark able — there is a very excellent organ attach ed to it, and an able organist. There are two other Churches for Roman Catholics, the one called the Bonsecour, and the other the Recollect ; they are considered more as churches of ease to the principal -one of St. Marie, than otherwise, and in them mass is performed on Sundays only ; there is also a Scotch Presbyterian Church, a Pres byterian Chapel, and a Methodist Chapel. In a building adjoining the Church of Saint Marie, the Community of Saint Sulpicians and Ecclesiastics reside — it is called the Se minary, and has very extensive and handsome gardens attached to it — there are Chapels at tached to each of the Nunneries, of which there are three in Montreal and one on Nuns' Island — formerly a Monastery adjoined the Recollect Church, one of the Friars only, belonging to the order which owned it, is now alive, and the ground on which it formerly stood is converted into building lots, the pos session of it having devolved to the Crown. The Nuns here, are of the orders of the Black Nuns, the Grey Nuns, and the Con gregation Nuns. The Hotel Dieu, in St. Paul's Street, (the Black Nuns' residence,) was founded by Ma- 17 dame De Bullion in 1644, for the poor, sick and maimed — It was established for the main- tainance of thirty-six Nuns — Sister Lepal- lieur was appointed Superior or Abbess of this Nunnery in 1809, which appointment she continues to hold. In this Hospital patients are treated with 1;he utmost care and tender ness by the Nuns. Attending Physician, Dr. Selby. The Grey Nuns, whose Nunnery is in Foundling Street, and which is called the General Hospital of Montreal, was founded by Mrs. Widow Youville, in 1753, for the reception of lunatics, foundlings, sick and in firm people, and invalids — Its establishment consists of twenty-four sisters — Theresa Cou- tlee was appointed Superior or Abbess in 1792, and still continues such. The practice here formerly was to receive foundlings in a basket or cradle, placed at the principal door of the Nunnery — this cradle has been remo ved for some time. Several respectable Ca nadian ladies are boarders in this Nunnery, at a very moderate price. Attendant Phy sician, Dr. Selby. The Congregation of Notre Dame or our Lady, whose Nunnery is in Notre Dame Street, was founded by Miss Margaret Bour geois, about 1650, for the instruction uf young girls, who are taught by the Nuns in rota tion. This establisroent is for sixty sisters, 2 18 Delle Deroussell, appointed Superior or Ab bess, in 1818. These Nunneries all afford considerable in terest to strangers, on visiting them ; permis sion for which, is seldom refused. There are two extensive public institutions, for the dissemination of learning — that of the College, which is called the lesser Seminary, and a public School in a building belonging to, and opposite the elder Seminary, in Notre Dame Street. The College, situate in Col lege Street, is a very large building, with two extensive wings, plainly fashioned, and apparently very durable — There are now about one hundred and twenty scholars, re ceiving their education at this place ; all of whom wear a blue gown, edged or seamed with white ; and an Indian sash, round their waists. Large gardens and a park, are at tached to the building, and every thing that is necessary for the convenience and comfort of its occupants. There are several small Schools, in different parts of the town, main tained principally by the gentlemen of the Seminary, and a School supported by the private Academies, conducted in general by Ladies' Benevolent Society ; which, with the able teachers, form the means of education Montreal affords. The Barracks, situated near where the north gate of the town formerly stood, is a 19 stone building, made for the accommodation of upwards of 1000 troops, with all the re quisite stone-rooms and appendages. In the Barrack yard, the principal stores belong ing to the Store Keeper General depart ment are kept ; as is also the Store Keeper and Barrack (Master General's offices. The ordnance store houses, together with the mu nitions of war, that have heretofore been kept on Citadel Hill, where the principal fort, or citadel, formerly stood, are removing to Grant's Island, opposite the lower part of the town; and that hill is being levelled, so as to form a continuation of Notre Dame to Saint Marie Street. Grant's Island possesses many advantages for the purposes to which it is now to be applied — it commands the whole of the river in the vicinity of Montreal, and has been recently purchased by government, as it is understood, for the purpose of being fortified, and made the general depot of mili tary stores ; a military hospital is to be erect ed there. The Island is sufficiently large and would be a most healthy situation for bar racks and the concentration of troops, for the defence of the Canadas. The harbour of Montreal is perhaps as safe a one as could be wished, when a vessel is once in it, but it is rather difficult of access. The shipping laying there are entirely shel tered by the town on the N. W. and greatly 20 protected by a small island, and various shoals that surround it, from the effects of any swell that winds may occasion from any other quarter. The improvement lately made in the wharves are of essential service — there is water enough for vessels to lay close to the shore, so as to erect stages to their decks, for discharging and taking in their cargoes. The principal branches of the export trade is in pot and pearl ashes, grain, flour, timber for masts and spars, square tim ber, staves, lumber, &c. &c. The fur trade is principally, although not exclusively, car ried on by the North-West and Hudson's Bay Companies. There is at present about one hundred streets in Montreal, and very few of them that are not mostly built upon, or in which buildings are not daily going up — the num ber of houses in the town being about 2,500. The streets are in .general narrow, some of them paved with flag stones — the widest and best paved streets are Notre-Dame and Saint Paul streets ; improvements are daily mak ing in this respect, and it is expected that the whole town will soon be well paved. Some of the streets are lighted at nights, and there is a watch, or foot patrol. Montreal has lately been supplied with water through the medium of conductors, leading from a reservoir, erected for the pur- 21 pose, on the eminence before spoken of cal led the citadel hill. The water is forced in to this reservoir, from the river, by means of a steam engine. This great work, underta ken by Thos. Porteous, Esq. and others, un der the name of the Montreal Water Works Company, is extending into what was for merly called the Suburbs, and, in another year, every house in town may be completely furnished with that indispensable article. It i- much to be wished that the promoters of this inestimable advantage, will be amply rewarded. Most of the conducting pipes are of cast iron, and sunk low in the earth, as they run through the middle of the streets, that the water cannot freeze in them — afford ing an additional security to, the inhabitants from the dreadful ravages of fire, which at that season of the year, when the river is frozen, and, from the severity of the weather, immense quantities of fuel is necessarily con sumed, more danger is of course apprehend ed, and at which period it has been heretofore difficult to-vprocure water — the greatest pos sible care, will no doubt be taken to prevent the plugs or keys of the pipes from being cov ered with snow or ice, so as to render it easy to make use of them in the winter. — The fire insurance companies will know how to appre ciate these advantages, as the fire engines, kept in the towa, were found of indifferent 22 use in the winter, before the water works were established. There is a law in the pro vince, by which chimnies in Montreal, are directed to be swept once a month ; to attend to the execution of which law, there is an officer called the Inspector of Chimnies, ap pointed by the Governor. A number of springs, or wells, in the town, are found to produce very excellent drinking water, but too hard to be used for cooking, washing, &c, and there are some instances, though few, of mineral springs. If the uti lity of such springs, as possess medicinal qualities, was properly considered, it might induce further, search for them ; when it is probable, waters, having valuable properties, would be found in the neighbourhood. The principal markets in Montreal are the Old and the New Markets ; in which meat, vegetables, poultry, eggs, butter, &c. &c. {;re vended. There is also a fish market, and a hay market, in the latter of which wood is sold, the chief supply of this article, is, how ever, by rafts, which are constantly arriving at Montreal, from the upper parts of the pro vince, while the navigation in the river is open, and which is generally sold from 10s. to 15s. a cord. Tuesdays and Fridays are called the market daj-s ; and, on which days. 23 the habitants from the country bring large quantities of eatables to market. There is, however, a partial market on every week, or working day, when most articles may be liad, but not in such abundance, or so cheap, as on the market days. Meat seldom exceeds sixpence a pound, and even that is double the price it fetched ten years ago. — An Agri cultural Society is established in Montreal, who, among other things, offer handsome premiums for the improvement of cattle, and, from this it is inferred, that the markets will improve in the general supply of superior meat. There are various kinds of fish, taken in the St. Lawrence, sold in the fish market, and in tolerable quantities during the sum mer season ; and, in the winter, codfish from Boston, and places near there, are brought frozen in snow — it sells from 3d. to 6d. a pound. No place is appropriated solely for the sale of grain here ; it is generally found in' and near the other markets. Two associations for banking purposes have been lately established, and are called the Montreal Bank and the Bank of Canada — the former with a capital of £250,000, and the latter that of £300,000; they are each of them managed by a President and Directors, cho sen yearly. These gentlemen are always of the first respectability, and the, liberal man ner in which the business of discounts is trans- 24 acted at these banks, appears to give general satisfaction. , Several hotels in the town afford excellent accommodations for visitors, on pleasure or business — the principal ones are the Man sion-House Hotel, the City Tavern, the Montreal Hotel, Clamp's Coffee-House, and the British Tavern, formely the Belfast. — The Mansion-House Hotel is a superb build ing, situated near the north end of Saint Paul street, fronting back on the River St. Law rence, from which there is a very handsome prospect of that river and the adjoining coun try. The assemblies are held in this house, in a room which is not surpassed in size and elegance by any in the province ; in fact, the whole house is very superiorly fitted up, and first rate accommodations are to be found in it. The , principal public library in the town is one established by subscription, called the Montreal Library ; it is kept in the lower room of the north wing of the Mansion-House Hotel, and belongs to a number of public spirited gentlemen, who subscribed for shares to form a capital, to purchase it, for the lau dable purpose of affording every informr.tion to the inhabitants, that might be obtained through so valuable a channel. It contains upwards of 7000 volumes, among which are found, many very scarce and expensive works. 25 'There are other Libraries in Montreal, some of Avhich circulate their books, and five or six newspapers are published here, two in Eng lish and one in both French and English. Montreal, is not at present over-burthened with amusements — the principal public amusements are in the Assemblies and Thea tre in the winter, and in promenading the Champ de Mars in ,the summer evenings. The Champ de Mars, which is certainly the most eligible place for the association of fashion to be found here, is a handsome piece of ground, made perfectly level, with sloping banks of grass on each side, and poplar trees around its hedges — it is pleasantly situated in the rear of the Court-house, and is frequented in summer, by numbers of people, who are partial to a lounge in company assembled. By the indulgence of the Colonel of the regi ment stationed here, the company assembled are in summer time frequently amused in the evening by the music of an excellent band. The Champ de Mars is the property of go vernment, and is the military parade ground. The Theatre, situated in College Street, near ly opposite the College, is a stone building, erected by William J. Holt, Esq. — The in terior, which consists of boxes and pit only, is very neatly fitted up, and it is large enough to contain six or seven hundred people. Formerly this town was considerably in- 26 fested with beggars, who are licensed to this calling, and wore badges to that effect ; an active magistracy has at length conquered this pernicious custom, and having procured the establishment of a work-house, in which the poor are employed and supported, beg gars are now confirmed vagrants, and liable to be punished as such. The Ladies' Benevolent Society affords as- sifctance to poor women in sickness, and when lying in at their own dwellings, and also aids in the education of poor girls. The bright example of superior benevolence evinced by the female sex in this institution, has at length aroused the energies of, the gentlemen, who have lately caused a public Dispensary to be established, which the increase of the popu lation and the difficulties of the times, more than any additional number of sick, had made very necessary. Indeed, the clouds of pre judice that have so long enveloped this coun try, and retarded its progress to become on a par with other equally important places, are now rapidly, clearing away ; and it is to be hoped, that we shall shortly be considered equally philanthrophic, with the inhabitants of any other town, as extensive and wealthy as this is known to be. It is thought it will be accepetable to close 27 this sketch with a brief account of the settle ment and progress of Montreal, collected from the most .accurate sources. The first European we read of visiting this place, was Jacques Cartier, a native of France, who arrived on the 2d of October, 1535, old stile. It was then a small Indian settlement, or village, called Hochelaga. He named the place Montreal from it being situ ated so near the beautiful Mountain, which, on its first appearance to him, towering with lofty grandeur, he had previously called, the Mord-rial, or Royal Mount. He continued here but a short time, having arrived at what he deemed the head of navigation. The situ ation appearing very advantageous for a Eu ropean settlement, favourable mention of it was made by Cartier, on his return to France, and several attempts were afterwards made to settle it ; but, notwithstanding former ap pearance of friendship on the part of the Aborigenes, it was not without great difficul ty, and frequent warfare, that it could be ac complished. In order to effect security a- gainst assailants, the town was fortified after the European manner, and these fortifications w ere supported, at no inconsiderable expense, for years after. On the 3d of July, 1608, Samuel de Champlain, geographer to the King of France, founded Quebec, and subse quently visiting the interior of the country. 28 gave his name to an extensive district of it. In 1625, the Order of Jesuits, now extinct here, was first introduced, and the settlement went on favourably. In 1629 the whole pro vince was in possession of the English, but was restored by treaty in 1632, as neither the French nor English government then con sidered it of any consequence. Until the year 1663, the country continued under the go vernment of exclusive Companies ; when it fell under that of the Crown of France. In 1679 the population of the whole of Canada A\as 8,500 souls, but the wars with the Indians afterwards very much reduced that number. In 1689, the South West or Irequois Indians made a serious irruption into [Montreal, with an overwhelming force, and desparately at tempted to recover the place, by the total annihilation of its inhabitants, and they came very near accomplishing their purpose. To the refuge of the fortifications only, were the surviving few, indebted for their preservation. The Indians not being fully able to obtain their object, appear to have been less trouble some afterwards, fearing their ability to again make head against the European settlers, with any prospect of success. From this period, Montreal, and the neighbouring coun try began to revive. In 1690, a formidable expedition from England, made an attempt upon Quebec, but it failed. In 1714 the 29 population of Canada, as far up as Detroit, was about 20,000, little more than the popu lation of Montreal is now supposed to be. In 1759, the province was ultimately conquered by the English, under General Wolfe, who obtained a complete victory on the plains of Abram, near Quebec, and in which achieve ment that gallant General lost his life, since when, Canada has remained a province of Great Britain. At the time of the conquest, the population of Canada was 60,000, the Upper and Lower provinces then being in one, and wonderful, it certainly is, that a fair computation of the inhabitants of the two provinces lately made, establishes their num bers to be upwards of 600,000 being ten times the number they contained only sixty years ago. About the close of the year 1775, Ca nada was invaded by way of Lake Champlain, by the troops of the United States, in their revolutionary war. The few regular troops then in the province, near Montreal, were embarked in river craft, lying between Sorell and that place ; their communication being cut off, they were compelled to surrender ; the General, Carlton, however, made his es cape and arrived at Quebec ; shortly after which, (the 31st of December,) the American General, Montgomery, made an unsuccessful attack upon Quebec, in which he was killed. This induced Arnold, his next in command. 30 to withdraw his forces. On the 16th of June, the year following, Montreal was evacuated, and before the end of the year the province was entirely free from, and since then, until the late war with the United States, was not Aisited by, an enemy. As the variation of the seasons in Canada is frequently made a topic for conversation, it may not be uninteresting to try, in this place, how the fact of change in climate since the discoA'cry, will bear the test of history. In order to effect this, the data of the first winter after Cartier's arrival at Quebec, will be a proper one to commence Avith. On the 15th of November, 1535, Cartier's ships were frozen up in the River Saint Charles, near Quebec, and very soon after, the river at, above, and below, Montreal was completely frozen over. Nothing is re corded of this being an unusually severe or early winter, which might and would have been collected from the Natives, had it been the case. If we allow fifteen days for what was called by Cartier " very soon after," we bring it to the last day of November, old style, in that year, when the river at Mon treal, may be presumed to have been passa ble on the ice. At the present time the ice of the river is seldom trust worthy until from the 20th to the 25th of January, which, by ma king an allowance of eleven days difference 31 in the style, leaves a variation of about forty- five days in the periods of the commence ment of the winter. On the 22d of February, 1536, the river was again navigable for canoes, and it is pro bable the ice was pretty Avell gone, by the first of March foUoAving. In the year 1817, the May pole was planted on the ice on the first of May, and many people crossed on it from Quebec to Point Levi. By this it ap pears there is a variation, after alloAving for the difference of style, of fifty days, in the period of the conclusion of the winters. Montreal, 20tTi Oct. 1819. OP THE DIRECTORY. Administrator in Chief. Alphabetical List of the Merchants, Traders, and Housekeepers in Montreal, with their respective residences. Agricultural Society. Banks and Days of Discount. Barrack Master General's Office. City Watch. Clerk of the Peace. Clerk of the Markets. Commissary General's Office. Courts and Offices in the Court-House. Courts of law in Montreal. Custom-House.Dispensary. Ferriages. Fire Engine Houses Fire Insurance Company's Offices. Harbour Master. High Constable, Hudson's Bay Company's Office. Judges and Officers of the Court of King's Bench. Inspectors in Montreal. La Chine Canal Company, Directors of Mail and other stages. 3 34 Masonic Lodges. Military Storekeeper General's Office. Montreal Water Works Company. Office of Indian Department. Police Magistrates. Post Office. Rates of Cartage. Royal Engineers' Office. Stamper of Weights and Measures. Steam-Boats and Team Boat. Streets in Montreal, alphabetically arranged. Terms and Sessions in Montreal. North- West Company's Office. A List of the Streets, &c., in Montreal, in whicli there are any Houses occupied, alphabetically arranged. Those streets that are situate, in what is usually called the suburbs, are so designated. Adelphi street, Quebec Suburb. Amherst do. do. Aqueduct do. St. Antoine Suburb. Berclay do. Quebec Suburb. Bleury do. Bonsecour do. Brock (Jo. do. Campeau do. do. Capital do. Chenneville do. St. Laicrence Suburb. Cimmetieure do. St . Antoine Suburb. College do. Recollet Suburb. Commissioners do. Commissioners square. Craig street. De la Vkitation street. Quebec Suburb. De Sallaberry do. do. Desrivifere lane, St . Antoine Suburb. Dorchester street, do. Dorchester do. St Lawrence Suburb. Dumarais do. do. Dupr6 lane Recollect Suburb. Fortier street, St. Lawrence Suburb. Fortification or Glacis lane. 36 Foundling street. Grant street, Quebec Suburb. Grey Nuns' do. St. Anne's Suburb. Janvier do. St. Antoine Suburb. Inspector do. Recollect Suburb. King's do. St. Anne's Suburb. La Fabrique do. Neiv Market. Lagouchetifere do. St. Lawrence Suburb. McGill do. Marguerite do. St. Antoine Suburb. Montcalm do. Quebec Suburb. Mountain do. St. Antoine Suburb. New Market Place. JSTotre-Dame street. Old Market Place. Panet street, Quebec Suburb. Papineau do. do. Papineau square, do. Pertheus street, St. Louis Suburb. Place D'Armes. Port street. Queen street, St. Anne's Suburb. Rousseau do. St. Louis Suburb. St. Alexis do. St. Andr^ do. Quebec Suburb. St. Antoine do. St. Antoine Suburb. St. Charles street, New Market. St. Charles Berommee do. St. Lawrence Suburb. St. Claude do. St. Constant do. St. Dennis do. St. Dominique do. St. Elizabeth do. do. St. Eloi do. St. Frangois do. 37 St. FranQois de Salle street • St. Frangois Xavier do. St. Antoine Suburb. St. Gabriel do. St. George do. St. Hopital do. St. Jacques street. St. Jean do. St. Jean Baptiste do. St. Ignace do. Quebec Suburb. St. Joseph do. Recollect Suburb. St. Lambert do. St. Laurent do. St. Laiorence Suburb. St. Louis do. Old Market. St. Louis do. St. Louis Suburb. St. Marie do. Quebec Suburb. St. Maurice do. Recollect Suburb. St. Monique do. St. Antoine Suburb. St. Nicholas do. St. Nicholas Tolentine do. Quebec Suburb. St. Paul do. St. PhiUp do. St. Lawrence Suburb. St. Pierre do. St. Eadagonda do. do. St. Theressa do. St. Vincent do. St. Urbein do. do. St. Simon do. do. Sherbrook do. do. Sanguinette do. do. Viger do. Voltigeurs do. Quebec Suburb. Water do. do. Wolf do. do. Wellington do. St. Ann^s Suburb. William do. do. 38 COURTS, OFFICES, &c. In the Court-House, Notre Dame Street. Court of King's Bench, Superior and Inferior. Court of General Sessions of the Peace. Court of Weekly Sessions of the Peace. Judges' Chambers. Prothonotaries' Office. Police Office Clerk of the Peace Office. Grand Jury Room. TERMS AND SESSIONS IN MONTREAL. SUPERIOR COURT. TEEMS. Feby. 1st to 20th— April 1st to 20th— June 1st to 20th— Octr. 1st to 20th. CRIMINAL COURT. March 1st to 10th — September 1st to 10th. Circuit Court is held in July. INFERIOR COURT. TEBMS. Jan. 21st to 31st— March llth to 19th— May 21st to 31st. June 25th to 30th— Sept. llth to 19th— Nov. 21st to 30th. GENERAL QUARTER SESSIONS. OF THE PEACE. Jany. 10th to 18th— April 21st to 30th— July 10th to 19th— Octr. 21st to 30th. WEEKLY SESSIONS OF THE PEACE. Every Saturday. 39 RATES OF CARTAGE IN MONTREAL. 1 5; -a ,43 3 02 a 0 10 1 1 For the carriage of every load s. d. s. d. consisting of four barrels, ori two hogsheads, or half a ton weight, or other load of that proportion, taken up from the beach at Bonsecour church, and the upper end of the port, as marked upon a post, and carted to - ¦ - For every pipe or puncheon of wine, rum, molasses, or other liquor For every one hundred bushels of salt. For every ditto ditto of grain For every ton weight of bar iron or steel - For every chaldron of coals. For every load of flour, con sisting of five barrels, - For every load of pot-ash, consisting of three barrels. For every one hundred boards between 10 and 12 feet long. For every one hundred plank, from 10 to 12 feet long. For every cord of wood. For every load from one end of the city to the other, 0 10 0 10 2 6 1 ] I 3 6 £ 5 0 2 2 3 3 ^ c i * ¦a SS §¦3 s. d. 1 6 1 1 1 1 3 0 1 3 I 3 3 6 -Q -4J +3 _Q J3 tJ _ .MM _ «> S c.^ g o. c ^ ^ « y CO ^" cq S a o a"^ * S g ts-o Or'-* f I I't" m 1 i''?!