YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

3 9002 06773 6976

YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

J937

GREENWOOD'S

PICTURE OF HULL,

WITH SEVENTY ILLUSTRATIONS.

"Thy crowded ports,
Where rising masts an endless prospect yield." Thomson.

HULL:
PUBLISHED BY J. GREENWOOD, 5, BOWLALLEY LANE.
LONDON:
S1MPKIN AND MARSHALL.
M.DOCO.XXXV.

entnets at M&tienetH' $aH.

DRIFFIELD :
PiUWTED BY b. FAWCETT.

TO THE CORPORATION OF
THE MAYOR AND BURGESSES
OF THE TOWN, OR BOROUOH.Olj'
KINGSTON-UPON-HULL;
TH1« WORK IS,
BY PERMISSION, DEDICATED,
BY THEIR OBLIGED,
AND HUMBLE SERVANT,
JOHN GREENWOOD.

PREFACE.

In a literary point of view, the claims of
this book to public approbation, are, the
Author fears, but of a humble kind. His
object has been to make the book really
what it is called, "A Picture of Hull;" in
which no interesting or important point should
be omitted. Whether, or not, this be done,
the reader must judge.
That department of the book which treats of
the Ancient History of Hull, is a compilation
(a careful one, the Author believes) from the
larger works already published on the subject;
noticing, of course, at the same time, the
different changes that have taken place since
they were written.
As for the present state of the Town,
and every thing pertaining to its more
Modern History, the Author has not relied
entirely upon himself; Mr. Edward Buckton,
William Bunney, Esq., George Pryme, Esq.,
M. A. and M. P. and other gentlemen,

VI PREFACE.
having honored him with their assistance.
He feels happy in taking the present opportu
nity of returning his sincere thanks to those
gentlemen; and also to Charles Frost, Esq.,
F. S. A.., to whom he feels no less indebted
for many valuable communications.
In the Pictorial part of the book, the Author
trusts he will be found to have been more "at
home," as being more within his usual pro
vince. Though even there, when he considers
the present advanced state of the Art of En
graving, when he considers too, that in one
branch of it — Engraving on Wood — he is
entirely self-taught, he cannot but feel doubt
ful as to his success.
However, this being the first book of the
kind published in Hull, and the difficulties
naturally attending such an attempt being
great, the Author hopes, that if the reader
can but approve of its general execution, he
will look with an indulgent eye, upon the
many faults that have doubtless crept into it.
Hull, January, 1835.

CONTENTS.

PAGE.
General History  1
Commerce  36
Churches  57
Dissenting Chapels  84
Trinity House  93
Charitable Institutions  $$
Free Schools, &c  107
Medical Institutions  113
Literary Institutions, &c  118
Public Buildings, &c  133
Miscellaneous  147
Biographical Notices  157
Addenda et Corbigenda  191
General Index  203

LIST OF PLATES,

WITH DIRECTIONS FOR PLACING THEM.

PAGE.
Trinity Church, to face title
Modern plan of the Town 1
Ancient ditto . 30
Interior of Trinity Church 62
Dr. Alderson's Monument 66
St. John's Church, St. Mary's
St. Peter's . . 72
Mariners' ditto . . 76
Sculcoates ditto . . 77
Christ ditto . . 79
Salem Chapel . . 86
Waltham Street ditto 89
Wesley ditto 90
Trinity House, Posterngate
Hospital, Ferries ditto 93
Portraitof Alderman Ferries 94
Master Mariner's Alms
House 95

PAGE.
Catholic Chapel, Holhorn
Street ditto - - 95
Savings Bank, Mechanics'
Institute, Theatre Royal 125
Public Rooms . . 133
Pilot Office, Dock Office,
Custom House . . 139
Boundary of the New
Borough . . . 151
The Old Chain House. 153
Portrait of Andrew Mar-
veil .... 160
Fac simile of the writing
of ditto ... 162
Portrait of Commodore
Thompson . . 172
Ditto of Daniel Sykes, Esq. 176

SUBJECTS ON WOOD.

PAGE
Humber, &c. Title.
Arms of the Town, embel
lished dedication.
Ditto Trinity House,
Dock Company, &c. Head
Piece. Letter K. 1
Remains, De la Pole, Palace 11
Beverley Gate, before taken

down'
Window of a Chantry
Depressed Arch .
Whincop's monument
Two full length effigies
Sacristy
St. James's Church
Swedenborg Chapel
George Street Chapel
Jehovah Jireh ditto
George Yard ditto

Charter House
Crowle's Hospital
Grammar School .
Merchant's mark, &c
Medical School
ExchangeBotanic Garden .
Ditto ditto Lodges
18 Spring Head
63 Old House
68 Sculptured Stone
70 Autographs of M'illiam,
71 1st Duke of Suffolk,
79 and of John, 2nd ditto
83 Ditto of Sir J. Lawson
84 Bust of J. Sykes Esq.
87 Wilberforce's House .
88 Finis, &c. .

PAGE. 98
103
107
108116
138147148
149
153154

158
172
179186189

THE SHEET
CORRESPOI" EACH PA6t
TEXT IS M,
above or
INNER M/
OF THIS B(

AGAS

'ections
lit WHITTliSEY ' . • •
in LOGGAN .—.—•—

To Godstow
X.pllS.

h . hurst. /8gg.

GREENWOOD'S
PICTURE OF HULL.

HISTORY.

:<And, oft conducted by Historic Truth,
We tread the long extent of backward time"

Thomson.

INGSTON-UPON-HULL, in its
present state, however interesting to
the traveller or political economist
in a commercial point of view, offers
few objects to excite the curiosity or
, gratify the taste of the antiquary.
Kl Its appearance is altogether mod
ern, and no vestige remains of the
venerable edifices which once afforded shelter to the
religious of the Augustine, Carmelite, and Carthusian
orders ; of the stately palace which was the temporary

PICTURE of hull.

residence of King Henry the Eighth; or of the
fortifications which enabled Sir John Hotham and the
parliamentarians to resist the entrance of King Charles
the First within its walls, when that monarch presented
himself at its gates. Nor have the labours of the his
torian opposed much resistance to the ravages of time,
scarcely any information beingJ left on the page of
recorded . events respecting Hull in its ancient state ;
indeed, its early history has been peculiarly neglected
and misrepresented, and even the works of the cele
brated Leland, which gained him the distinguished
appellation of "the Antiquary,'' afford no exception to
the truth of this observation:* Camden, and Speed are
equally incorrect in the account they give of the origin
of the town.
Subsequent historians have uniformly stated that the
town was founded, by King Edward the First in the
year 1296.
The town of Kingston upon Hull is situated on the
angular point of land lying to the west of the river, the
name of which it bears ; and the great estuary, the
Humber, forms its southern boundary. Its ancient
appellation was Wyke, or Wyke-upon-Hull, and, accord
ing to some, it was at one time called Eieneneng cliff.
It is not mentioned in Domesday Book. However,
when it is considered that the town was not a borough
when the general survey was taken, but only a parcel
of the manor of Myton, which is described in the record
as a berewick within the manor of Ferriby in Hessle
Hundred, the omission is easily accounted for. Among
the documents relating to Wyke, the earliest notice met
with is a grant, without date, of lands "del Wyke de
Mitune," made to the monks of Melsa, probably about
the year 1160, by Matilda, the daughter of Hugh
Camm. The original Charter, has, escaped the ravages
of time, and is preserved among the archives

* Frost's notices relative to the early history of the town
and port of Hull.

HISTORY.

of the corporation. From this Charter we learn, that
in addition to the lordship of Myton, there was also a
town which bore that name, and which in early times
had a chapel. The latter was destroyed by the monks
of Melsa, who made atonement in the sixth year of
the reign of King John (1204) for this and other
transgressions. The importance of Wyke, both as a town and a
place.of trade, in the sixth year of the reign of Edward
the First, (1278} is testified by the petition of the abbot
of Meaux, praying that he and his successors might
have a market on Thursday in each week, "at Wyke,
near Miton upon the Hulle, and a fair there in each
year on the vigil, the day, and the morrow of the Holy-
Trinity, and on the twelve following days.
We now come to that important epoch in the history
of Hull when the possessions of the monks of Melsa in
Wyke, together with the manor of Myton, became the
property of Edward the First. The histories of the
abbey of Meaux record the anxiety of the King to
have these possessions in his own hands, and they
relate the particulars of the exchange under which the
entirety of them at length became vested in the monarch
by a deed of feoffment, executed by the abbot and con
vent, on the second of February, 1293. No sooner
had the King acquired the absolute ownership of Wyke,
than he changed its name, honoured it with the royal
appellation of Kingston, or King's Town upon Hull,
and, having put it under the government of a warden
(custos) and bailiffs, he made it a manor of itself,
independent of Myton.
The profit arising from the rental of the town was
evidently not a subject of indifference to the King, for
scarcely had he acquired the property when Peter de
Campania was appointed to value and let it. From the
inquisition, it appears that the total of the rents was
.£78. 17*. Sd. per annum ; which amount corresponds,
within a few shillings, with the sum stated to have been
received for the rent of the same property by the abbot
ef Meaux, in 1293. The first person appointed to fill
b2

4 PICTURE OP HULL.
the high office of warden was Richard Oysel, who had
long been a court favourite, and who was about the
same time the king's bailiff of the seignory of Holder-
ness, and keeper of the manor of Burstwick. It was
probably through the suggestion of this officer that the
towns of Kingston-upon-Hull and Ravenser applied for,
and succeeded in obtaining, in 1299, the privilege of
being constituted free boroughs. For the purchase of
the extensive liberties and privileges granted by the
charter, the inhabitants of this town offered only one
hundred marks, while the burgesses of Ravenser paid
no less than three hundred pounds for a similar grant
in their favour.
Hull was now regarded as one of the principal towns
in the kingdom, and when an extensive coinage was
appointed, it was fixed upon as one of the places where
mints were to be established. Of the partiality of
Edward the First to this town, a proof was given in his
visit to it in 1300. "After holding a parliament," says
Mr. Frost, "in April, 1300, he set out for the north,
and taking the route through Lincolnshire, he crossed
the Humber, with his retinue, on the 26th. of May, by
the royal ferry, between Barton and Hessle.* The
high road northward (via regiaj lay at that time in
a direct line from Hessle to Beverley; but the king
took a circuitous route thither, solely for the purpose
of viewing the state of the newly-created borough of
Hull, where, though his stay was of short duration,
and no particulars are recorded of his proceedings, the
effects of his visit were soon visible in the various
improvements by which it was succeeded, and par
ticularly in the pavement of the streets ; for defraying
the expense of which a grant was made a few days
after the king's departure, of certain tolls, to be levied
* The passage of the royal party across the Humber appears
to have occupied two days, the sum of thirteen shillings having
been paid for the wages of Galfrid de Seleby and other sailors,
with eleven barges and boats employed during that time.
Frost, p. 61.

HISTORY.

on all goods coming to town for sale, within the five
succeeding years."* The roads also in the neighbour
hood of the town were likewise repaired, on the 26th.
of October, 1308, a writ of ad quod damnum was
issued for an inquiry into the propriety of a ferry from
Hull to Lindsey, in Lincolnshire. In the nineteenth
year of the reign of the same king, a ferry was estab
lished between Barton and Hull, the extreme value of
which, in 1320, was only forty shillings. In the thirtieth
year of the reign of Edward the Third, 1356, it was
leased at the yearly rent of .£535. 0*. 4d. From an
increased population, an advanced fare, and the greater
frequency of communication, this ferry produced until
lately, a rental to the corporation of no less a sum than
nine hundred pounds per annum.t
About this period flourished William De la Pole, a
native of Ravenser, or Ravenspur, at that time a rich
and populous town. During several years he had been
one of the principal merchants of that place ; but at
length he removed to Hull. In the year 1332, Edward
the Third, in his expedition against Scotland, paid a
visit to Hull, where he, and the nobles by whom he
was attended, were entertained by William De la Pole
with the most splendid magnificence. The monarch
being highly pleased with the reception which he had
met with, knighted his loyal and generous host, and
changing the form of the municipal government of the
town, placed it in the hands of a mayor and four bailiffs.
Sir William De la Pole was the first who held the
honourable office of mayor; and soon after had a
grant of the old and new customs at Hull and Boston,
in consideration of four thousand pounds lent to the
same monarch. In 1337 he was appointed to be
collector of the customs of the same ports, and warden
of the exchange of England.
In 1338, Edward the Third resolving to prosecute
his claim to the throne of France, sailed on the 15th.
- Frost, p. 62. f Frost, p. 67.

PICTURE OP HULL.

of July, with a fleet of five hundred vessels and a
numerous army, which he disembarked at Antwerp.
Those who are acquainted with English history, know
the straits to which Edward was reduced, through the
want of money to support his army. In these difficult
circumstances, he endeavoured to borrow supplies of
all the foreign princes, and even found himself under
the necessity of applying to private persons to take up
such sums as they were willing to lend. Sir William
De la Pole, who was then at Antwerp, for the man
agement of his mercantile concerns, not only furnished
the king with all the ready money he had, but also
mortgaged the whole of his estates for his use.* He
made Sir William De la Pole a knight banneret in the
field. Sir William De la Pole now emerged from private
to public life. The king was no sooner returned from
France than he made him first gentleman of the bed
chamber, and conferred on him the seignory of Holder-
ness, and made him secondary Baron of the Exchequer.
In this exhalted station Sir William continued a constant
benefactor to the town of Kingston-upon-Hull, and
obtained for it an increase of its privileges and immu
nities. In order to testify his gratitude to the Divine
Being, who had raised him to such a height of prosperity,
he resolved to found at that place a monastery and
hospital, to the glory of God and for the benefit of the
poor.f Sir Michael De la Pole son of Sir William De la Pole
was not less a favourite with Richard the Second, than
his father had been with the preceding monarch. He
was summoned to parliament from the thirty-ninth year
of the reign of Edward the Third, to the eighth, year of
the reign of Richard the Second, inclusive ; and in the
fiftieth year of the reign of Edward the Third, and the
first of Richard the Second. In the sixth year of the
* The loan amounted to eighteen thousand five hundred
pounds: he was styled by the king "Dilectus Mercator
Noster." t See charter house.

latter reign, he was made Lord Chancellor, and
afterwards created Earl of Suffolk. About this time
Michael de la Pole "began to erect that stately and
superb palace, known afterwards by the name of
Suffolk's palace, which stood opposite to the west- end
of St. Mary's church, in a place at that time called
Market gate. At the entrance into this spacious edifice
there stood a lofty and grand gateway, over which,
supported by strong timber, were erected two chambers.
At the end of a passage leading to the gateway, upwards
of thirty yards long and si? broad, stood a spacious and
handsome tower, three stories high, covered with lead,
in which were chambers eighteen feet square. Adjoin
ing this tower was a court yard, containing two roods
of ground, neatly covered with a large square pavement,
and each side of the yard was adorned with beautiful
and elegant buildings. On one side was a large hall
built of brick and stone, sixty feet in length and forty
in breadth. At the west end was a beautiful range of
buildings, which occupied the whole side of the square ;
and on the east side were pantries, &c. with lodging
rooms over them, behind which was a large kitchen,
twenty feet square, covered with lead, with other small
offices. North of this court lay another yard, neatly
walled, containing an acre or more of land, ornamented
with fish-ponds and a beautiful dove-cote ; and to the
west of this was a pleasant spot of ground, containing
two acres of pasture, enclosed with a brick wall nine
feet high and two bricks and a half thick. Before the
great hall window was a most delightful and spacious
flower garden,* of upwards of an acre ; and contiguous
to it was the kitchen garden, wherein are now erected
warehouses, sheds, &c. and other parts are occupied as
yards by different artificers of the town. Adjoining to
the great hall, on the south side, was a court of one
rood extent, about which were erected houses for baking,
brewing, and other similar purposes; on the north

* In the year 1787 this garden was laid out for the purpose
of building.

8 PICTURE OP HULL.
side stood a beautiful chapel, supposed to have been
dedicated to St. Michael the archangel. This chapel
was twenty- eight feet in length and fifteen in breadth,
built of brick and stone, and covered with lead.
The Manor Hall, commonly called in old writings
the house of the duke of Suffolk, stood in the spot now
called Manor alley ; the east front, towards Lowgate,
extended from the corner of Bowlalley lane (then Denton
lane), to within a few yards of Lowgate; the wall of
the grounds belonging to it ran parallel to the town wall
eastward, with a passage between the two walls almost to
Beverley gate, where it formed an angle with Schole
lane; (at that time a continuation of Denton Lane,) the
other wall to the southward formed one side of Schole
lane, and Bowlalley lane ; so that there was properly
only one front, which was to the east ; the other two
slanting off to a point like the tail of a kite. Thus it
comprehended all the ground of Lowgate from Bowlalley
lane, where now are Leadenhall square, Hanover
square, the Gas Works, Quay Street to the dock, and
as far as the land of Greenginger, so up Bowlalley lane.
Besides this palace the earl of Suffolk erected three
other splendid and magnificent houses, adorned with
stately towers, two of which stood within the town,
the other was situated at a small distance from it.*
Michael De la Pole, being accused and found guilty
of peculation, he was for a short time confined in
Windsor Castle, but was soon restored to royal favour.
He was ultimately condemned to exile, his estate was
seized for the king's use, and died at Paris, September
5th. 1389, the year in which he was banished.
Michael De la Pole, the second earl of Suffolk, was
restored to the titles and estates of his father in 1399,
he accompanied Henry the Fifth in his expedition
to France, and died at Harfleur, September 18, 1415.
Michael De la Pole, the third earl of Suffolk, enjoyed
the title a Very short time. A few weeks after the
death of his father, he was slain in the memorable
• Tickhill's Hist. Hull, p. 39, 40.

battle of Agincourt, which shines so gloriously in the
annals of England. Two of his brothers also, not long
after lost their lives in France, in the same contest.
His brother, William De la Pole, fourth earl of
Suffolk, distinguished himself equally in the field and
the cabinet. He made twenty campaigns in France,
and served seventeen years in that country without ever
once visiting England. At the siege of Orleans, the
earl of Salisbury, who had the command of the army,
being killed by a cannon shot, the chief command
devolved on the earl of Suffolk. After seven months
consumed in continual assaults, repulses, sallies, and
skirmishes, the English were compelled to raise the
siege. The earl of Suffolk having shut himself up
with only a small body of troops in Gorgeaux, the town
was taken by escalade, the earl made prisoner, and
his valiant brother, Alexander De la Pole, slain.
But as a great number of noble French prisoners were
then in the hands of the English, he was soon exchanged.
After his return to England he was employed as one
of the ambassadors, to negotiate a peace with the
French. This affair being settled, the earl of Suffolk
proposed the marriage of King Henry the Sixth,
with Margaret of Anjou, daughter of Rene:, King of
Sicily, and niece to the queen of France. The earl was
rewarded with the title of the marquis of Suffolk, and
appointed by the king to espouse the princess Margaret
in his name. The nuptials were accordingly solemnized
by proxy at Tours, with extraordinary splendour. In
May, 1445, the queen arrived in England and on the
30th. was solemnly crowned. On the second of June,
1448, he was, through the influence of the queen,
created duke of Suffolk. His great influence at court
had created many enemies, he was accused of having
maintained a traitorous correspondence with the French,
and of having caused the loss of Normandy, with other
crimes, which however could never be proved : popular
clamour was loud against him, and the honours and
wealth which he had obtained were the objects of envy.
The king was compelled to banish him. He embarked

10 PICTURE OP HULL.
for France, but was met on his passage by an English
ship called the Nicholas, belonging to the duke of
Exeter, constable of the tower, the captain of which,
searching the vessel which carried the duke of Suffolk,
and finding him on board, ordered his head to be
immediately struck off, nor was any enquiry made after
the perpetrators. Thus fell William De la Pole, duke
of Suffolk, who, during the space of twenty-four years,
had distinguished himself at the head of the English
armies in France, had long ruled the cabinet of
London, and been the most powerful man in the
kingdom. His head and his body were left on Dover
sands, where they were found by one of his chaplains,
and, according to Stow, the charter house was the place
of his interment. By his will dated January 27th.
1450, he desired his "wretched body" to be buried in
his charter house, at Hull, with a fair monument.
From him descended John De la Pole, duke of Suffolk,
who married Elizabeth Plantagenet, sister of Edward
the Fourth, and Richard the Third, and by her had
issue, John De la Pole, earl of Lincoln; he was
declared by his uncle Richard the Third, to be the
presumptive heir to the throne. The battle of
Bosworth field however destroyed his hopes, which
gave the crown to Henry, earl of Richmond. He
headed the rebellion which broke out in Ireland,
commenced by one Lambert Simnel, a baker's son,
who personated the earl of Warwick. The rebels
made an attempt on England. An action took place
on the 6th. of June, 1487, at Stoke, in Nottinghamshire,
where they were completely routed, and the earl of
Lincoln was killed in the field of battle.
The brother of this brave but imprudent earl was
Edmund, earl of Suffolk, the last of this family who
bore this title. In the fourth reign of Henry the
Eighth, this unfortunate nobleman was put to death by
the command of that monarch, without any regular trial.
Thus fell Edmund De la Pole, the last earl of Suffolk,
of that name, and with him expired the honours of
that illustrious family, which, rising from a mercantile

HISTORY. 11
station, had flourished in great splendour during the
space of about a hundred and twenty years. The
magnificent palace in Hull, called Suffolk's palace, and
all their other possessions, were confiscated to Henry
the Eighth, wbo coming over in 1540, stayed here
several days, had it beautified, repaired, and enlarged.
Not many years after which, he granted it, "with all the
buildings, stables, dove-cotes, ponds, gardens, closes,
&c. belonging thereto, unto Sir Henry Gate, knight,
and dame Lucy his wife, and their heirs, for faithful
service done to him;" from whom it came to the Hil-
yards, in Queen Elizabeth's days, (in whose time, yearly,
there was a mart kept in the same, and many shops and
stalls were set up:) King Charles the'First hiring it
for fifty pounds a year, of some of the Hilyards, turned
it into a magazine, and there laid up all the great stores
of ammunition that he had provided. In the twenty-
fourth year of his reign, Henry Hilyard, Esq. sold it
to the mayor and aldermen of this town ; afterwards
passing through other hands, the old buildings were
pulled down, and dwelling houses, &c, were built on
its site. A pointed window

c2

12 PICTURE OP HULL.
and part of a doorway are all that now remain of that
splendid building.
After exhibiting in a connected view, this sketch of
the history of the De la Poles, who greatly contributed
to the prosperity of Hull, we must now return to what
more immediately relates to the town. It appears that
even at the time when William De la Pole resided here,
Hull had attained to a considerable rank in the list of
maritime towns, as its quota for the fleet of Edward
the Third, (1359) consisted of sixteen ships and four
hundred and sixty six seamen, while twenty-five ships
and six hundred and sixty two mariners was the whole
complement furnished by London.
Hull, at the period when it was only known under
the name of Wyke, had, in addition to the buildings
requisite for carrying on the extensive traffic in which
it was then engaged, a Carmelite priory, and a stately
chapel, which now forms the chancel of the magnificent
parochial church of the Holy Trinity. The house
called Miton Grange, was standing in the place known
by the name of Grangewyke, while the extensive
population of the town was marked by the number of
watermills and windmills which were erected there.
The buildings, after the change in the course of the
river, were gradually transferred from the banks of the
old Hull to those of the new channel. Sufficient time
had elapsed to render the transfer and general appearance
of the town complete before the situation had attracted
the attention of King Edward. The recent edifices
had spread over the greater part of the space which
may now be denominated the old town, and nearly all
the principal streets there, were at that time in existence,
though scarcely one of them retains the same name
which it then bore. Thus the ancient records of the
town mention Hull street (now called High street),
Ablegate (now Whitefriargate, Silver street, and Scale
lane*) Market gate or street (now the market place

* The family of Schayl, who lived in this street, and had the
principal part of their property there, gave it the modern
name of Scale lane.

HISTORY. 13
and Low gate*), Old Beverley street (now the Land of
Green Ginger, Trinity House lane, King street, Fish
street, and Sewer lane), Monk gate (now Blackfriar
gate, and Blanket row), Lyle street (now Myton gate),
Champaign street (now Dagger lane), old Kirke lane
(now Postern gate and Church side), Bishop's gate
(afterwards Denton lane, and now Bowlalley lane and
Bishop lane), Aton lanef (now Chapel lane), Bedford
lane (now Vicar lane), Hailles street (now Finkle
street), &c. Besides these streets, others are mentioned,
the precise situations of which are unknown, as Fulke
street, Le Bother street, Lyster gate, Le Pavement, &c.
From Hull street, which lay parallel with the river,
to the quays and wharfs, where the business of the port
was transacted, there were several communications by
means of staiths, or narrow passages, most of which
yet remain. The buildings in Hull street, which
increased with the progressive removal of the town
from its ancient site to the banks of the new river,
were at first confined to the west side of the street, a6
is evident from the frequent instances which occur of
transfers being made of houses on that side, with pieces
of vacant ground opposite, between the street and the
river. The advantages of situation which Hull street then
offered, both for residence and business, induced the
principal inhabitants of the town to fix their abode there. J
In proportion as the buildings spread in a northerly
direction along the banks of the new river, the western
• This part of Market street had acquired the appellation of
Law gate or Low gate in 1433, and was described by that name
in a lease made by the archbishop of York to John Hesyll, of
Kingston-upon-Hull, on the 27th day of February in that year.
t So called from the ancient baronial family of Aton, which
had considerable property in Hull, Trippet, and Myton.
Town's Records.
t This street was the place of residence of the chief families
in the town from the earliest times until within the last half
century. Latterly it has been much deserted, and its spacious
mansions have been metamorphosed into tenements and mer
chants' counting houses.

14 PICTURE OP HULL.
and more ancient parts of Munk gate, Lyle street, and
Aldegate, became deserted ; and to this desertion the
walling of the town, which was commenced in the year
1322, contributed in no small degree; indeed it was
almost a necessary consequence of the protection and
security which the walls and fortifications offered, that
they should draw the inhabitants of the borough
within their confines, and ultimately become the
boundary of the habitable part of the town, to the total
destruction of the suburbs.
Returning to the history of Kingston-upon-Hull,
we find it gradually increasing in wealth and commercial
prosperity. In 1382, Richard the Second revived all
the old charters, and enlarged the privileges of the
town. Towards the latter end of his reign, he also
granted to the town the river Hull, then known as
Bayer's Creek, so called from Lord Sayer, of Sutton,
who had considerable privileges therein.
In 1392 the disturbances respecting the fresh-water
canal, which was proposed to be cut from the Anlaby
springs, occurred. The town was beset by a riotous
assemblage of people from the neighbouring villages of
Anlaby, Hessle, and Cottingham, who cut the canals
and stopped the supply of water, and declared they
would sooner lose their lives than part with the
water: several of the rioters were subsequently
executed at York. In 1402 the disputes about the
water were renewed, whilst forming a new commu
nication, when some of them were compelled to do
penance. These disputes continuing, the Pope signed an
exhortatory writing, to the villages, which cost the
town a considerable sum of money : it had the desired
effeGt, in putting an end to all further acts of violence, so
that the town, from that time, has been plentifully
supplied with this necessary article. The charters
were confirmed by Henry the Fourth, Fifth, and
Sixth; by the latter the town was erected into a
county, its jurisdiction extending over the towns and
parishes of Hessle, North Ferriby, Swanland, West
Ella, Kirk Ella, Tranby, Willarby, Wooferton, Anlaby,

HISTORY. 15
and the site of the priory of Haltemprice. The same
charter also granted, that instead of a mayor and
bailiffs, there should be a mayor, sheriff, and twelve
aldermen ; who should be justices of the peace for the
whole county, exclusive of the county of York:
likewise, that the aldermen should name two of their
brethren to the burgesses, to elect the mayor, and two
burgesses for a sheriff, and four for them to elect two
chamberlains from ; the sword and mace were also
granted to the mayor, with a cap of maintenance &c.
The suppression of the monasteries by King Henry
the Eighth, in 1563, created a great sensation not only in
Hull, but in the whole nation. The consequence was,
that the country became excited to rebellion ; and in
this county a formidable insurrection was raised by
Robert Aske, Sir Robert Constable and others, which
they called "the pilgrimage of grace." Allured by
their fair pretensions, about 40,000 men flocked to their
standard. When the army was put in motion, a
number of priests marched at their head, carrying
crosses in their hands ; in their banners was woven a
crucifix, with a chalice, and the five wounds of Christ.
They made themselves masters of Hull, and other
places. The king soon after offered free pardon to all,
and the insurgents dispersed. But the king, freed
from his apprehensions, neglected to redeem certain
promises he had made, and within two months the
"pilgrims" were again under arms. The first design
was to get possession of this town. Having received
timely notice of their plan, the town was prepared to
receive them, and the gates were shut. Exasperated
that their design of securing this strong fortress was
defeated, they revenged themselves on the surrounding
wind mills, which they set on fire ; but being informed
that the country was arming against them, they raised
the siege.
The rebels had no sooner retired, than Sir Robert
Constable, and some others who favoured the in
surrections, made use of stratagem ; and, entering the
town disguised like market-people, yet secretly armed,

16 PICTURE OF HULL.
they seized the gates, let in the remainder of their
followers, and quickly dispersed themselves into every
part necessary for their purpose. Having thus secured
the town, Sir Robert assumed to himself the title of
governor, and continued full master of this town for
about a month. On receiving unwelcome tidings of
his partners in the country, his fortitude entirely
abandoned him. The magistrates and inhabitants of
Hull, observing this, seized the knight and his
unfortunate followers in the middle of the night ; when
after a faint resistance, the rebels were overpowered,
and many of them taken prisoners, amongst whom was
their chief, Sir Robert Constable, who was afterwards
tried, and hung in chains over Beverley Gate ; and
thus was the insurrection quelled.
All the charters of the town were confirmed, with
additional privileges, in the forty- first year of the reign
of Elizabeth, 1596.
During the great civil war the charters of Kingston-
upon-Hull were often violated, and, in 1646, the
fiarliament demanded them from the corporation ; the
atter, however, evaded the request, in 1683 the
charters were surrendered to the infamous Jefferies,
but were afterwards returned.
In the year 1639, Charles the First levied an army
to impose upon the Scotch the episcopal form of church
government, to which they had invincible objections.
The preparations for war led to a vast accumulation
of military stores in all parts of this county.
On the 28th. of March, the king visited Hull, where
he was received with great pomp and ceremony, and
assured by Mr. Recorder Thorpe, as the organ of the
corporation, that they would "adhere to him against
all his enemies to the utmost of their lives and for
tunes." How this unmeaning pledge was redeemed
the sequel will shew.
The differences between the king and parliament,
which had existed some time, were daily increasing : and
in 1642, an open rupture began to appeal- unavoidable.
After long and fruitless altercations both parties pre-

HISTORY. 17
pared to decide the contest by arms. In this situation of
affairs, the possession of Hull became an object of the
first importance, and the immense magazine of arms
and ammunition collected in the garrison, served
greatly to enhance its value. The king, in order to
secure the town, sent the earl of Northumberland
forward, to take possession in his majesty's name, but
the mayor, aldermen, and burgesses, unmindful of
their recent declaration, declined to receive the king's
general; and after some hesitation and delay admitted
Sir John Hotham as governor, by order of parliament.
The king continued his endeavours to obtain possess
ion of the vast magazines at Hull; which at that time
far exceeded the stores in the tower of London. The
policy of the parliament was to have these stores
removed to London, and the two houses sent petitions
to the king for that purpose; but his majesty refused
his assent.
On the 23rd. of April, 1642, a memorable period in
the history of Hull, and that of the kingdom, his
majesty, accompanied by a train of from two to three
hundred of his servants, with many gentlemen of the
county, set out early in the morning from York for
Hull; and when within four miles, he sent forward
an officer, Sir Lewis Davis, to inform the governor
that he intended that day to dine with him.* This
unexpected honor Sir John Hotham was not disposed
to accept, and he despatched a messenger to the king,
humbly beseeching him "to decline his intended visit,
seeing that he, as governor, could not, without betraying
the trust committed to him, open the gates to so great
a train as his majesty had with him." The king,
however, continued to advance, and Sir John ordered
the bridges to be drawn up, the gates to be closed, and
the soldiers to stand to their arms round the walls.
The king having arrived at Beverley gate, de
manded entrance, at least for himself and twenty of

* It is remarkable that the duke of York, afterwards James
the Second, was dining with the governor that day.
D

18

PICTURE OF HULL.

his attendants ; but the governor continued to plea:d
the trust reposed in him by parliament, protesting at
the same time, on his knees, that he wished God might
bring confusion on him and his, if he was not a
faithful and loyal subject to his majesty. The threats
and the entreaties of the king were, however, alike
unavailing, and in the evening he retired to Beverley,
where he lodged that night. The next morning he
sent a herald to Sir John, summoning him once more
to openthe gates, on pain of being proclaimed a traitor,
in case of refusal, and with a promise of forgiveness
for the past if he consented. The herald, like his royal
master, proved unsuccessful, and the king, grievously
disappointed, returned to York.

This was the first act of hostility between the king
and the parliamentarian party, and proved the com-

The wood cut represents Beverley gate, as it appeared before
taken down in the year 1776.

HISTORY. 19
mencement of that civil war', which for the space of
four years desolated England, and brought her mon
arch to the block. On his arrival in York, the king
sent a message to the two houses of parliament,
demanding justice against the governor of Hull, for
his treasonable refusal to obey the royal commands ;
but instead of punishing Sir John Hotham, parliament
bestowed upon him and his supporters a vote of
thanks. The king having mustered about 3800 troops,
of which about three thousand were foot and eight
hundred horse, and procured a supply of arms from
Holland, by the sale of the crown jewels, and through
the zeal of his royal consort, resolved to commence the
war by an attack upon Hull ; the fortress of which he
hoped to carry, rather by the defection of the governor,
than by the force of his own arms. On the king's
arrival at Beverley, Sir John Hotham called » council
of war, by which it was determined, that the surround
ing country should be laid under water, in order to
render all access to the town impracticable to the king's
army. This resolution was immediately carried into
effect ; the sluices were pulled up, and the banks of the
Humber were cut, so that the next morning, by the
aid of the spring tides, the meadows and pastures to
the extent of two miles on every side of Hull, were
inundated with water. The next care of the governor
was to put the town in the best possible state of defence ;
for this purpose, the Charter-house hospital, and
several houses in Myton Lane, were demolished; the
walls and the fort at the south end were fortified
with cannon; batteries were erected at the Myton,
Beverley, and the North gates ; draw-bridges were
thrown over the town ditch, which was then both broad
and deep; and the country being under water, the
royalists could make no near approaches, either to
plant their batteries, or to practise any other species of
annoyance. While the garrison of Hull was thus
making every preparation for defence, the king was
not inactive at Beverley: two hundred men were em
ployed in cutting trenches, to divert the current of
d2

20 PICTURE OF HULL.
fresh water which supplied the town of Hull ; posts
were placed at the Humber side, in Lincolnshire, to
prevent succours being introduced from that quarter,
and two forts were erected, one at Paul, a village
about five miles below Hull, and the other at Hessle
Cliff, about the same distance above it, to prevent
supplies from being conveyed by the river.
The parliament, being informed of the state of affairs,
gave orders that some ships of war should scour the
Humber, that five hundred men should immediately be
sent by sea to Hull, and be followed by 1500 more, as
soon as they could be got ready. These recruits,
together with a considerable sum of money, and great
store of provisions, arrived about the middle of July,
1642, in the Humber, and passing the fort at Paul
without any material damage, landed safely at Hull.
The siege of Hull having now commenced, Sir
John Meldrum, a Scotch officer, was sent down by
parliament to assist the governor, and greatly dis
tinguished himself in the defence of the town. Not
withstanding the inundation, the king had brought
his cannon to play on the town with some effect, and
he was answered with equal spirit by guns planted
on the walls, though no material result was produced
on either side. Reports were raised in the town, that
the king contemplated measures of the greatest cruelty
against the inhabitants, and that should he succeed in
carrying the place, as he designed, by storm, every
person without respect to, age, sex, or condition, was
to be put indiscriminately to the sword. By these
arts the troops in the garrison were violently inflamed
against the royal cause; and about the end of July,
five hundred of them, under the command of Sir John
Meldrum, made a desperate sally from the fortress,
and attacked the king's forces with so much spirit, that
they were obliged to return to Beverley with consider
able loss.
During the siege the garrison made several other
sallies, in one of which the royalists were driven out of
the village of Anlaby; and a barn, used as a store

HISTORY. 21
house for a portion of the king's ammuniton, was de
stroyed. Alter repeated similar disasters, the king called
a council of war, and by their advice he resolved to
raise the siege, and draw off his forces. Thus frustrated
in the attempt on Hull, the king's army retired to
Beverley, where the train bands, a species of militia,
were dismissed, and his majesty, with his court, and
the rest of his army, returned to York.
It was matter of great surprise to all who were not
in the secret, that the king, with such inadequate
means, should have attempted the siege of Hull, which
was one of the strongest fortresses in the whole king
dom; but his majesty's reason for undertaking this
enterprise was founded on other, and surer grounds,
than the precarious success of arms. This attack was
in pursuance of a plan formed between Sir John
Hotham, the governor, and Lord Digby, the son of
the earl of Bristol. This young nobleman, in whom
the king placed unbounded confidence, had, it appears,
been taken prisoner by one of the parliament ships,
and carried into Hull. Under the disguise of a
Frenchman he remained for some time unknown, but
at length he introduced himself to the governor, and
had the romantic hardihood to propose to him the
surrender of the town to tbe king. The manner in
which Sir John received the overture, encouraged him
to press the negotiation ; and it was at length agreed
between them, that the king should advance from
York, at the head of his small army, and that Sir John
should deliver up the place at the firing of the first shot.
This was the true cause which prevailed upon his
majesty to besiege the town; but either through the
pusillanimity, or the inconstancy of the governor, the
whole project proved abortive. The town of Hull and
the adjacent councry, notwithstanding the success of
the garrison, were in a deplorable state. In the town
the spirit of party ran high, and those who were sus
pected of favouring the royal cause were imprisoned,
and their property confiscated. In the villages the
inhabitants had sustained great loss by the inundation

22 PICTURE OF HULL.
of their land ; and the detachments sent out of the
garrison almost daily, to distress the loyalists, committed
terrible devastations, both in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire,
so that a vast number of families were plunged into
utter ruin.
In the meanwhile the parliament, having appointed
Lord Fairfax general of their army in the north, Sir
John Hotham, who thought that his own services as
well as abilities entitled him to that command, was
more than ever confirmed in his resolution to deliver
up Hull to the king ; and his son, Captain Hotham,
who had hitherto opposed the design, thinking both
himself and his father neglected, now entered into the
conspiracy. The whole affair of the Hothams was a
series of plots and counterplots. The parliament
having received from their emissaries some informa
tion of a correspondence being carried on by Sir John
Hotham and his son with the royal party, employed
a clergyman, named Saltmarsh, a near relative of the
Hothams, to discover if possible the intention of the
governor. By pretending an extraordinary zeal for
the church and king, he gained the confidence of
Sir John, who, notwithstanding his great circumspec
tion, fell into the snare laid for him by his insidious
kinsman. This emissary of the parliament having
obtained some hints of the design, promised the gov
ernor, upon his salvation, that if he were fully let into
the secret he would not only religiously conceal it,
but further the attempt to the utmost of his power.
Believing that a man of such seeming sanctity, and so
near a relative, would not betray him, the too credu
lous governor discovered to him the whole plot, which
the treacherous priest immediately communicated to
Captain Moyer, who commanded the Hercules ship
of war lying in the Humber. His next care was to
transmit the intelligence to parliament, who voted him
a reward of .£1000 for this meritorious piece of service,
and at the same time sent orders to Captain Moyer and
Sir Matthew Boynton to keep a watchful eye on the

HISTORY. 23
Hothams. Sir Matthew was Sir John's brother-in-
law. The governor, ignorant of the treachery of his kins
man, sent his son a few days afterwards at the head of his
troops to Nottingham, to join Colonel Cromwell and
Lord Gray, where, on the night of his arrival, he was
arrested by Cromwell, on a charge of intending to
deliver Hull to the king. Captain Hotham, however,
eluded the vigilance of his keej>ers, escaped to Lincoln,
and from thence proceeded to Hull. But even there
he could not avoid his destiny; for Mr. Thomas
Raikes, the mayor, having learnt by Captain Moyer,
that the plot for delivering up the town would, if not
prevented, be shortly put into execution, held a coni-
sultation with the parliamentary party, and it was
resolved to defeat the project by seizing the governor
and his son; which was effected in the following
manner. On the 29th. of June, 1643, Captain Moyer,
having landed a hundred men from bis ship, seized
the castle and block-houses, almost without resistance.
About the same time 1 500 of the soldiers and inhabi
tants, who had been waiting in the town for word of
command from the mayor, seized the main guard, near
the magazine, and next took possession of all the ar
tillery on the walls. These measures having so far
succeeded, Captain Hotham was secured, and a guard
placed at the door of the governor's house; all this
was effected in the space of about an hour, and without
the shedding of a drop of blood.
Sir John Hotham having, in the meantime, obtained
information of what was transacting, found means to
escape,* but being secured by Captain Boynton, in
Beverley, the governor was conveyed under a strong
guard to Hull, where he was put on board the Hercu
les, together with his son, Captain Hotham, and
conveyed to London. The catastrophe is universally
known ; after a long and strict confinement, Sir John
Hotham was brought before a court-martial, at the
* Rushworth, vol. v. p. 276.

24 PICTURE OP HULL.
Guildhall in London, on the 30th. of November,
charged with "traitorously betraying the trust imposed
upon hiin by parliament,5' which charge being clearly
substantiated, the court, on the 7th. of December,
pronounced sentence that he should suffer death, by
having his head severed from his body. Two days
after the conviction of his father, Captain Hotham was
arraigned before the court-martial, charged with
"having betrayed the trust reposed in him by the
parliament, and with perfidiously adhering to the
enemy." This charge was supported by satisfactory
evidence, and the son was condemned to die in the
same way as his father. On the 1st. of January,
Captain Hotham was brought to the sqaffold, on
Tower hill, and underwent the sentence of the law;
and on the following day, Sir John suffered decapi
tation upon the scaffold at the same place, the victim
of his own inconstancy and want of resolution.
After the arrest of Sir John Hotham, the custody
of the town was intrusted to the care of a committee
of eleven, approved by the parliament, and at the head
of which was the mayor : soon afterwards Lord Fairfax
arrived in Hull, and on the 22nd. of July, 1643, was
constituted the governor of that place ; and within the
space of two months the town was a second time be
sieged by the royalists. The marquis of Newcastle,
having made himself master of Gainsborough and
Lincoln, and driven Sir Thomas Fairfax out of Bever
ley with great slaughter, appeared with his whole force
before Hull on the 2nd of September, and immediately
began his operations against the town, from which he
cut off its supplies of fresh water, and of provisions,
as far as depended on the adjoining parts of Yorkshire.
The siege and defence were conducted with all the
military skill of that age, and with all the determination
of deep-rooted hostility, which generally distinguishes
intestine warfare. The besiegers erected several
batteries which opened on the town and were answered
by an incessant fire from the walls ; and the cannon
from the block-houses, and the forts on the banks of

HISTORY. 25
the Hull, near the ruins of the Charter-house, carried
devastation and slaughter into the camps of the be
siegers. After extreme labour and loss of many lives,
the royalists, though exposed to a heavy and constant
fire from the walls, at length succeeded in erecting a
fort, about half a mile from the town, which was called
the king's fort. On this were placed several pieces of
heavy ordnance, and a furnace was constructed for the
heating of balls. The firing of red hot balls into the
town threw the inhabitants into great consternation ;
but the prudent precautions of the governor prevented
them from doing any material injury ; and by adding
two large culverins to the Charter-house battery, and
the erection of another fort, which flanked the royalists,
he demolished the king's fort, and deprived the Marquis
of Newcastle of the means of firing hot balls into the
town. On the 14th. of September, Lord Fairfax
ordered the banks of the Humber to be cut ; and the
country being thus laid under water, the royalists were
obliged to abandon all their works, except those erected
on the banks of the river. On the 20th. of the same
month, the royalists made their approaches to the town
on the west, and erected batteries, on which they placed
heavy artillery ; and on the 27th. they repaired the fort
of Paul, and erected another at Whitgift near the
confluence of the Ouse and the Trent, in order to
prevent Hull from receiving supplies by water. But
the ships of war, which the parliament had stationed in
the Humber, soon demolished these forts ; so that the
attempts to cut off supplies proved ineffectual.*
The siege was still prosecuted with the greatest
vigour, and almost every day was marked by some
active operation. On the 9th. of October, at daybreak,
a combined attack was made by a strong party of
royalists under Captain Strickland, on the fort at the

* About this time the Marquis of Newcastle's magazine at
Cottingham was blown up, either by accident or treachery.
Considerable damage was done to the town, and several people
were killed by the explosion. B

26 PICTURE OP HULL.
foot of the west jetty, and the half- moon battery near it,
while another body of their forces attacked the charter
house battery on the other side of the town.. Strick
land and his men were not discovered till they began
to scale the fort, when they received a galling fire from
the half-moon battery. Finding themselves annoyed,
they wheeled about, and immediately attacked the half-
moon ; but at the instant of reaching the top, Captain
Strickland was killed by a musket ball. This accident
was fatal to the assailants; they were not only
repulsed, but driven from the fort, with so great a
slaughter, that of the whole detachment very few had
the good fortune to escape. On the other side of the
town the royalists were equally unsuccessful ; for, after
having carried the Charter-house battery by assault,
and killed the commanding officer, they were unable to
keep possession, and forced to abandon it with con
siderable loss.
The last important operation which took place during
this siege, was a vigorous sortie made from the town
on the 11th. of October. At seven o'clock, in the
morning the whole garrison was under arms ; and at
nine o'clock 1500 men, consisting of inhabitants,
soldiers, and seamen, with four troops of horse, sallied
out of the west side of the town, with the determination
to compel the royalists to raise the siege. The foot
were formed in three divisions, one of which, being
only a small party, charged the besiegers in the front of
their last erected work; the second, commanded by
Sir John Meldrum, fell upon their left flank; and the
third, from the west jetty, attacked their works on the
banks of the Humber. These attacks were so vigor
ously made, that the besiegers were driven from their
works after an obstinate contest. The timely arrival
of a strong reinforcement, however, enabled the royalists
to recover their cannon, which had fallen into the hands
of their assailants, who were obliged to retreat under
the cover of their batteries. But the besiegers did not
long maintain the posts which they had thus recovered.
Lord Fairfax and Sir John Meldrum now used every

HISTORY. 27
endeavour to inspire their men with fresh courage, and
the attack was renewed with such desperate impetuosity,
that the Marquis of Newcastle was at length obliged to
abandon both his forts and batteries, after experiencing
a dreadful loss from his own cannon, which were turned
against him.
The siege, which had continued nearly six weeks,*
was now drawing to a close, and the marquis of New
castle, perceiving that all his efforts to carry the town
must be unavailing, called a council of war, on the 1 1th.
of October, the deliberations of which resulted in a
determination immediately to raise the siege. This
was carried into execution the same night ; the marquis
drew off his forces, and taking care to prevent a
pursuit, by opening the canals, destroying the bridges,
and breaking up the roads, he retired with the greatest
part of his army to York, and detached the remainder
into Lincolnshire. On the following morning, when
it was perceived that the enemy was gone, Lord
Fairfax commanded that the day should be observed
as a day of public thanksgiving, and the anniversary
was celebrated at Hull in the same manner till the
restoration. The inhabitants of Hull now expected to be re
imbursed the exorbitant sums which Lord Fairfax had
exacted from them for the public service, during the
siege ; but no compensation was ever made, nor could
they even obtain a temporary relief from taxation.
The mayor and burgesses having presented a petition
to the parliament, representing the impoverished state
of the town from the ruin of its trade, the damages
sustained by the siege, and the money advanced for
the public ; and praying that they might for a time be
exempted from assessments, till they had in some
measure repaired their losses, received for answer,
that in a time of public calamity no attention could

From September 2nd. to October 11th. inclusive.
e2 —-

28 PICTURE OP HULL.
be paid to -particular sufferings."
In 1689, an act being passed for granting to their ma
jesties an aid of one shilling in the pound for one year,
the returns of the amount of personal and landed pro
perty belonging to the town and county of Kingston-
upon-Hull, were as follows: —

Personal Estates.
Town £49,400
County 300

Offices.
£1146

Rents.
£6538. 15s.
2865. 16s. id.

Many of the historians of Hull assert, that the river
Hull formerly discharged itself into the Humber to the
eastward of the present river, but Mr. Frost gives
abundant evidence to show that its ancient course lay to
the westward of the present channel. The frequent
notice of Old Hull, as one of the boundaries of lands
without the walls, to the westward of the town, would
of itself be amply sufficient to establish the fact, without
the aid of the corroborative proof afforded by the re
gisters and histories of the abbey of Meaux, which are
conclusive on the subject. It must perhaps remain
undecided, whether the diversion was the result of
accident or design. The present river Hull is men
tioned, in a charter of Richard the Second, as having
been formerly called Sayer Creek. The account given
by our historians that it was originally cut by Sayer, or
Saer De Sutton, to drain the marshes within the lord
ship of that town, is" rendered plausible from the
circumstance of similar ditches having been made
through the common pasture of Myton and the adjacent
towns, during the reign of King John, when one of the
* In another petition, presented in 1646, the inhabitants of
Hull represented that they had advanced, at different times,
to Sir John Hotham, Sir John Meldrum, and Lord Fairfax,
£90,000. ; that they had suffered £30,000. by losses in trade,
and paid £11,000. for repairing and strengthening the forti
fications: but for all this they received no recompense. Big-
land's Yorkshire, p 603.

HISTORY. 29
Sutton family of the name of Saer was living.
In the reigns of Edward the Second, and Edward the
Third, several commissions were issued for adopting
the best means of repairing the banks of the Hull and
the Humber, which often overflowed and laid the town
and country under water, and not only swept away
cattle, but numbers of people.
The heavy expense incurred in the subsequent pro
tection of the town and port of Hull is amusingly de
scribed by Taylor, the water-poet, who visited the town
in the summer of 1622: —
"It yearely costs five hundred pounds besides,
To fence the towne from Hull and Humber's tydes,
For stakes, for bavins, timber, stones, and piles,
All which are brought by water many miles ;
For workmen's labour, and a world of things,
Which on the towne excessive charges brings." *
In 1317 the inhabitants petitioned to fortify the town
with a wall, ditch, and towers. Henry the Eighth
greatly improved the fortifications, and in his reign the
rampart and bush-dyke were made. In the civil wars
they were completed ; five half- moons at each of the
principal gates were thrown up ; the wall and fortifica
tions were continued from Hessle gate to the south-end
jetty, near which was a turret called 'cold and uncud,'
or uncouth, used as a prison for offenders.
The town within the walls was of a triangular form
having two sides nearly equal in length, the longest
side, about two thousand four hundred feet due north
and south, on the east side of the town, about three
thousand feet, the river Hull emptying itself to the
south into the Humber. At the confluence of the two
rivers on the eastern shore is the garrison, forming an
acute angle with the Humber. On the western shore,
at the entrance of the harbour, the walls of the town
ran nearly north-east and south-west, with an obtuse
• A very merry wherry-ferry-voyage, p. 13, Taylor's works,

30 PICTURE OP HULL.
angle about eighteen hundred feet, which completed
the long side, being a sweep of four thousand eight
hundred feet in all. The two equal sides of this figure
extending from the Humber to the Hull, measured
two thousand four hundred feet each. That side next
to the Humber, running in tbe winding course of the
river Hull nearly north north-west, and south south- .
east; that next to the Hull north-east and south-west:
both were defended by a strong wall, rampart, double
ditch, and other works. Thus the town was defended
by the two rivers, for the space of four thousand eight
hundred feet (the sweep of the longest irregular side),
and by the works on the land for four thousand eight
hundred feet also (the amount of the two equal sides
of two thousand four hundred feet each); making in
all a circuit round the town of nine thousand six hun
dred feet, the longest irregular side measuring as much
as the two equal sides together.*
The municipal government of Hull consists of a
mayor, recorder, sheriff, and twelve aldermen, who are
justices of the peace. Henry the Sixth, by charter,
bearing date the 2nd. of July, in the eighteenth year
of his reign; granted, that the mayors of Hull should,
for the future, have the sword carried erect before them,
and that the mayor and aldermen should have a cap of
maintenance and wear scarlet gowns, and hoods lined
with fur, resembling those worn by the lord mayor and
aldermen of London. The mayor is chosen annually
from among the body of aldermen, by the following
routine: — On the 30th. of September, the body cor
porate assemble at the Town Hall, when the mayor for
the time being proposes two of the aldermen as candi
dates for the office of mayor ; these having been pre-

* The whole of these works of defence, have, within the last
fifty years wholly disappeared, with the exception of parts of
the citadel.
The annexed bird's-eye view of the town, in 1610, a fac
simile from Speed's Theatre of Great Britain, will convey a
good idea of the town at that time.

SMiyer Church
Trmttti chmct
Kimr Ibu
datum
Tm Schole
Nertlti Gate
Bertr/ey C-ak-
TolhrruGdi
Mm i
EofS 'Gait
XarthmbXat Ha&Htt$ Gail
Grrmb hint
Omrclil.ane
Church Staftr

HISTORY. 31
viously nominated ; one of them is then elected to fill the
office for the ensuing year. On the 18th. of October
following, the corporation, &c. again assemble at the
Guildhall, when the mayor elect takes the oaths, and is
invested with the insignia of office.
The recorder, who ranks next in dignity, is, as well
as the mayor, a perpetual justice of the peace, and of
the quorum.
The aldermen are elected for life from among the
burgesses, who have served, or have been fined for not
serving, the office of sheriff. The aldermen are all
justices of the peace within their liberties. They com
pose the common council, and assist the mayor in the
government of the town, in the formation of bye-laws,
and in the disposal of the revenues.
The sheriff is elected annually on the same day with
the mayor. He has the execution of all writs ; returns
the names of the members elected to serve in par
liament; with the assistance of the coroner, he also
returns jurors, inspects weights and measures, has the
charge of the prisons, holds courts, &c.
The chamberlains are chosen annually, on the same
day as the mayor and sheriff.
The town clerk is appointed by the mayor and alder
men, and must be approved by the king ; he has under
him a deputy ; the other servants of the corporation
are, the town's husband, the house steward, the sword
and mace bearers, sergeants, bailiffs, and beadles.
A chief constable and forty-one other constables are
annually appointed by the corporation.
It will be proper here to take notice of another office
of considerable note; which it is usual on every
vacancy, to compliment some nobleman with. This
office is called the High Steward, the person who fills
it, is the town's advocate.*

• The late venerable Earl Fitzwilliam, was the last, and has
not yet been succeeded in consequence of the town petitioning
against the appointment of the Duke of Wellington, whom the
corporation had recommended. By many, the Earl of Durham
would eeem to be preferred.

32 PICTURE OF HULL.
In 1687, the corporation was compelled through
intimidation to sign a complimentary address to James
the Second, commonly called James the Just.
On the third of December, 1688 a plot was laid, to gain
the town for the papists. The protestant officers were
to be secured, with their adherents, by changing the
rounds. The protestant officers hearing of this, they
advised with the magistrates. The soldiers were ordered
to stand to their arms, Lord Langdale who was then
the governor of the town, was seized by the guard,
others were secured under the, direction of the Fort
Major. Next morning a protestant officer, at the head
of a hundred men, marched out to relieve the guard ;
when the popish officers, and their whole party, who
had not the least intimation of what had passed in the
night, were, without any resistance, secured. Thus by
the spirited conduct of the protestant officers, was Hull
preserved. The anniversary of this day is still noted as
a holiday for school-boys, and has the appellation of
"Town taking day."*
The borough of Hull sends two members to par
liament. The first summons was in the 28th. year of
the reign of Edward the First, to the parliament that
was summoned to meet at York.f
In 1472, Hull was visited by that fatal distemper, the
plague; again in 1476, and two years after it raged so
violently, that there died in a very short space of time
1580 persons. The town was at this time in a most deplo
rable condition. All the churches, monasteries, priories,
hospitals, schools, &c. were shut up and forsaken, and
the streets were so little frequented, that grass grew up
in most parts of the town between the seams of the
stones. The merchants forsook the port and traded
elsewhere, not daring to acknowledge who they were
* There is an old house, known as the White Hart, in Silver
Street, where tradition says this plot was concocted in a large
room which contains some fine old wainscotting It is pro
bable this house might have been the residence of Mr. de la
Champ, who was the mayor.
t The present members are M. D. Hill, and W. Hutt, Esqs.

HISTORY. 33
or whence they came. In the beginning of the winter
this dreadful pestilence ceased ; and soon after, the in
habitants who had fled, returning, the town regained
its former prosperity.
A religious establishment was founded in 1289 at
Hull, by Robert de Scardeburgh, dean of the cathedral
church of York, who assigned to the Carmelite breth
ren or white friars, a messuage belonging to him in
Wyk upon Hull, for their perpetual habitation.
Whitefriargate derives its name from this monastic
institution, which formerly flourished in its immediate
neighbourhood. In the reign of Edward the Third,
it was improved and enlarged, to which Sir Richard
De la Pole and Sir Robert Oughtred largely contribu
ted. At the dissolution of the monasteries, this,
amongst others, was dissolved, and Henry the Eighth
granted to John Heneage — "All the house and site
heretofore the house of the Carmelite friars, vulgarly
called White friars, in the town and county of Kings
ton-upon-Hull, now dissolved; and all houses, build
ings, orchards, and gardens thereunto belonging, viz.-:
one garden in the town aforesaid, on the west side of
the said priory, in the occupation of Henry Thurraoss,
abutting upon Whitefriars street, with all the houses,
messuages, tenements, and other gardens thereunto be
longing, with the yearly rent; also of twelve pence issuing
out of the messuage called Trinity house, all which,
situated in Beverley gate, in the town aforesaid, the
aforesaid John Heneage did sell unto Henry Thurcross
in the thirty second year of the said king." This site,
with the houses and lands belonging to it, became the
property in later times of Mr. Alderman Ferries, who
granted the same in 1621, towards the reparation of
the Chapel of the guild or fraternity of the masters and
pilots, seamen of the Trinity house, at Hull. . The
possessions of the Carmelite brethren extended along
the south side of Whitefriargate, from the street then
called Sewer Side, and now Trinity House lane, on the
east to the Beverley gate (Junction bridge), and the
town's wall on the west.

34 PICTURE OP HULL.
The monastery of the Black Friars* situated in the
street called Blackfriargate ; was founded and built
about 1314, by Sir Jeffery De Hotham, Knight:
the building was so large that it took up half
the street, and was decorated with fine gardens,
fountains, and courts; its back buildings extended to
the Town hall. About three years after its foundation,
Sir Richard De Hotham, son and heir of Sir Galfred
De Hotham, agreed with the prior and friars of this
house — "That whereas they were liable to a fee farm
to the king of thirteen shillings and fourpence, he would
take the same upon himself, and his heirs for ever, upon
consideration that they would always pray for the souls
of him, his wife, Avieia, and all their posterity." About
five years after, the mayor and commonalty made an
other agreement — "That there being several other fee
farms issuing out of the messuages and tenements that
they held in Hull street and Market gate, they would
entirely free them from the same, in consideration of
having the benefit of their prayers." About the same
time, one John De Wetwang bestowed on them several
messuages and tenements, and they flourished with
great plenty and magnificence till the suppression, and
then, with others, it was pulled down and the materials
were sold.
The parishes of Sculcoates and Drypool are entirely
independent of the town of Kingston-upon-Hull, though
forming an important portion of it. Indeed, they are
joined to Hull in such a manner, and are of such con
siderable extent that their respective limits cannot be
distinguished by strangers, and therefore they are
always considered as part of the town, though not
comprehended in its municipal jurisdiction.
Sculcoates can boast of a higher antiquity than Hull,
being mentioned in Domesday book as one of the lord
ships of Ralph De Mortimer, who was one of the
fortunate adventurers that accompanied the conqueror

* Part of the tower and other remains were standing
within the recollection of many persons now living.

HISTORY. 35
from Normandy, and was lord of several manors in this
district. About the year 1174, Benedictus, or Bennet
De Sculcoates* appears to have been in possession of
this manor. In the year 1378 it was in the possession
of Michael De la Pole, the first Earl of Suffolk of that
family, who then granted it to the Carthusian priory of
St. Michael, which he had founded here. After the
dissolution of this monastery, the manor of Sculcoates
appears to have continued annexed to the crown, till the
fourth year of Philip and Mary, when it was sold to
Sir Henry Gate, Knight, and Thomas Dalton, alder
man of Hull; after which it passed through various
hands, and was divided and subdivided by successive
sales and portions.
Drypoolf also can boast of far greater antiquity than
Kingston-upon-Hull, being likewise mentioned in Do
mesday book : in one place called Dritpole, in another
Dripol. "It was a manor then, and Ralph De Mortimer
was lord thereof, the archbishop of York had also about
thirty acres of land, and a close of about fifty acres, and
one Ote and Ravenhill held also certain possessions
here, but what quantity is not known, from which it
appears that this town was then like all its neighbours,
very poor and small, consisting only of about seven or
eight houses." It had no church, but was a portion of
the parish of Ferriby. Sudcoates is in this parish.
Drypool is in the middle division of Holderness.
* He was one of the principal benefactors to the Abbey of
Meaux near Hull, and it is probable that he acquired his name
of Benedictus, from his pious charity in favour of that religious
house. Frost, p. 28.
t Near to this place is supposed to have stood the village of
Friemerk, swallowed up some ages ago by the inundations of
the Humber. Bigland, p. 537.
p2

COMMERCE.

"Then Commerce brought into the public walk
The busy merchant ; the big warehouse built ;
Raised the strong crane ; choked up the loaded street
With foreign plenty." Thomson.

The town of Kingston-upon-Hull is mentioned by
name, in connexion with commerce, so early as the
year 1198, when Gervasius de Aldermannesberie
accounted for 225 marks for 45 sacks of wool taken
and sold there ; and, from this circumstance, we may
reasonably infer that it was then not only a sea-port,
but also one of the chosen places from which the great
native commodity of wool was allowed to be exported.*
In the reigns of Edward the First and Third, the
exported home commodities of England exceeded in
quantity and quality, by two parts out of three at least,
the foreign merchandise imported. But, whatever might
have been the import trade of the country, Hull had its
full share in proportion to its exports, as the most
indubitable evidence exists that it was one of the prin
cipal ports through which, at an early period, the
kingdom was supplied with the various produce and
manufactures of foreign climes.
It is highly probable that long anterior to the reign
of Stephen, Hull was a considerable sea-port. On the
authority of the compotus of William De Wroteham
and his companions, it was not only superior to York
in the extent of its commerce at the commencement of
* Frost, p. 94.

COMMERCE. 37
the thirteenth century, but actually exceeded all the
ports in the kingdom in mercantile wealth and substance,
except London, Boston, Southampton, Lincoln, and
Lynn. The duty called quindena or quinzime, collected
at Hull in the reign of John, in the years 1203 and
1205, amounted to £344.
This duty appears to have been continued to be levied
after Wroteham and his companions had ceased to
collect it.
In the eighth year of the reign of Henry the Third,
an embargo was laid on all French vessels, but the
same was relaxed in the eleventh year of that king's
reign, in favour of vessels from France laden with corn,
wine, and victuals, which were permitted to discharge
their cargoes at specified ports in this country on payment
of the proper and accustomed duties (consuetudines.)
In the fifty-first of Henry the Third, (1269) the
port of Hull, with the prisages of wines, and other
merchandise coming thither, were made the subject of
a grant from the king to Walter Giffard, archbishop of
York. To counteract the effect of various abuses which had
taken place during the turbulent reign of Edward's
predecessor, that king, on his return from the holy
wars, issued a special commission, 11th. of October,
1274, to enquire into their nature and extent. Among
the malpractices which were thus brought to light, it
was found that an unlawful and extensive exportation
of wool had been carried on, particularly from Hull,
Boston, Lynn, and other sea-ports on the eastern coast,
with the connivance, in many instances, of the lords of
the place whence the shipments were made. Facilities
were afforded, by those who held situations of trust
under the crown, to merchants and others to evade the
prohibitory mandates ; and sales were often made by
persons in authority, under circumstances which could
leave no room for doubt that the article was purchased
for the express purpose of exportation.
In the seventh of Edward the First, a mandate was
addressed to the bailiffs of Hull, authorising them to

38 PICTURE OP HULL.
examine all merchants who were going abroad, for the
purpose of discovering if they were in possession of
plates of silver, clipped and broken coin, &c. But
although these incidental notices prove, indisputably,
that Hull continued to be a sea-port of eminence, they
furnish no data from which to judge of the extent of its
trade in comparison with that of other maritime towns
in the kingdom. For information upon this subject
we must have recourse to the accounts rendered by the
Italian merchants then settled in this country, who, for
thirteen years, namely, from the fourth to the sixteenth
year of the reign of Edward the First inclusive, held the
great customs of England and Wales as a security for
the sum of twenty- three thousand pounds, which they
had advanced to supply the urgent necessities of Edward,
soon after his accession to the throne.
The Great Roll of the Pipe of the ninth Edw. the
First, contains the compotus of Buonricini Gicidon and
others, merchants of Lucca, in respect of the new cus
toms of wool, woolfels, and leather, during one year,
amounting in the whole to the sum of £8,411. 19*. lljrf.
The following is an abstract of the receipts respecting
Hull:— "In the port of Hul (Hull), £1086. 10*. 8*
for 3,141 stones of wool, 88 woolfels, and 59 lasts
12 dacres and 7 skins of leather."
In this compotus Hull stands the third in importance,
being only exceeded in the amount of its duties by
Boston and London.
Subsequent accounts of the duties collected by the
same Italian merchants are preserved in the Great Roll
of the Pipe of the seventeenth of Edward the First,
which contains a statement of their receipts between
Easter in the fourteenth Edw. the First, and Easter in
the seventeenth Edw. the First, and between the same
feasts in that and the succeeding year.
From the accounts of the fourteenth to the eighteenth
of Edward the First, the duties received at Hull
amounted to nearly one-seventh part of the aggregate
amount of duties taken during the same period through
out the whole of the kingdom. The import trade,

COMMERCE. 39
especially in the ai'ticle of wine, was at this time very
considerable. Such was the state of commerce in this port imme
diately preceding the year 1293, when it became royal
property, and assumed the name of Kingston, not how
ever to the entire exclusion of its ancient name of Hull,
which continued to be used occasionally, even in official
documents, and which, by a singular caprice, has of late
years obtained so universally, that the name of Kingston
as applied to Hull is now scarcely known.*
The commerce of the port increased with immense
rapidity ; and in the twenty-fifth of Edward the First,
we find that the total amount which the receivers stood
charged upon their compotus for the duties on wools
and leather, exported from Hull, during the twenty-
third, twenty-fourth, and part of the twenty-fifth of that
king's reign was no less than £10,802. 10*. Id., a sum
which exceeded the agregate amount of the duties re
ceived at all the ports in the kingdom, only seven years
previous. On the invasion of France in 1359, Edward required
every sea- port town in the kingdom to send a certain
number of ships and mariners, according to the ability
of the place. The following are the respective quotas
sent by the principal ports : Ships. Men.
London, &c  25 662
Dartmouth  43 1075
Kingston-upon-Hull . . 16 466
Ravenser . . ... 1 27
Grimsby  11 171
Barton •  3 30
Lynn  16 382
Scarborough  1 16
Newcastle  17 314
From the above statement, it is evident that the
commerce of Hull was then in a state of considerable
improvement, and it continued to flourish vigorously to
* Frost's Notices, 107.

40 PICTURE OF HULL.
the commencement of the present century, when anew
and extraordinary impetus was given to commercial
speculations of every kind, more particularly in the
formation of docks, canals, &c. which have raised the
character of this port to that of one of the principal in
the kingdom.
The commerce of Kingston-upon-Hull divides itself
at present into four leading branches: the coasting
trade, of which it enjoys a greater share than any other
port in England, London alone excepted ; the
Baltic trade; the Hamburgh, the Dutch and the
Danish trade, for all which Hull is peculiarly well
situated; and the Greenland fishery, which owes its
revival half a century ago, and its subsequent importance
to the mercantile enterprise of Hull. Owing to the
facility of communication with the great manufacturing
districts of Yorkshire, Lancashire and Nottinghamshire,
by means of the Aire and the Calder, the Ouse and the
Trent, and by the canals communicating with them, the
quantity of goods poured into this port from the interior
is immense; and it is admitted that from the West
Riding alone the manufactured goods, coal, stone, &c.
yearly introduced into Hull, amount in value to at least
five millions of pounds sterling. The Baltic trade re
ceived a shock during the revolutionary wars from the
an ti- commercial decrees and the hostile occupation of
the ports of that sea, which it has never completely
recovered ; but it is still very considerable, and might,
by a judicious commercial policy, be restored to all its
former magnitude.
The merchants of Hull were originally, in 1598, the
first in England who fitted out ships for the whale
fishery, but that trade had declined until the year 1765,
when it was almost wholly monopolized by the Dutch,
and was at that period reduced to such alanguid con
dition that not more than twenty ships were employed
in it from all England, of which ten were sent from
London. In the following year, the active and enter
prising spirit of Mr. Standidge, a merchant of Hull,
induced him to equip and send out to the Greenland

COMMERCE.

41

seas a ship on his own account — an adventure which
was thought extremely hazardous, and of which individ
ual speculation did not at that time afford an example
in all Europe. This ship returned with one whale and
four hundred seals. Stimulated by his success, he twice
after visited Greenland himself, and prosecuted his
commercial concerns with distinguished spirit both at
home and abroad. The notion of exploring the regions
of the North Pole was even then very prevalent, and
Mr. Standidge equipped a ship, and meant himself to
embark in it upon that expedition, when he found that
a legal impediment, arising out of his filling the office
of sheriff of Hull, disabled him from leaving the country.
This disappointment, however, did not cool the ardour
of his commercial enterprise ; he subsequently fitted out
three ships for the Greenland sea, and his example
diffused a spirit of emulation throughout the trading
part of the community, so that vessels began to be fitted
out yearly, not only from Hull, but also from Whitby,
Newcastle, Liverpool and London, as well as from the
principal ports of Scotland.
The following table, exhibiting the number of ships
fitted out from this port, during the undermentioned
thirteen years, for Greenland and Davis's Straits, will
serve to show the state of the fisheries : —

Ships.

Ships

1816 . .

. . 55

1823 .

. . 38

--17 ¦ ¦

. . 57

-24 .

. . 36

-18 . .

• . 63

-25 .

. . 36

- 19 . .

. . 62

-26 .

. . 32

-20 . .

. . 60

-27 .

. . 30

-21 . .

. . 52

-28 .

. .,30

-22 . .

. . 40

Owing to the large quantity of fish- oil produced, and
the introduction of coal gas lights, oil of this description
has, within the last few years, fallen from forty pounds
to nineteen pounds per ton, a price far from a remuner
ating one. — It is the opinion of many well-informed
men, that the Greenland fishery has been greatly over
done, and proved injurious to the general trade of this
42

PICTURE OP HULL,

port, by withdrawing an undue proportion of capital
from other branches of commerce. The Mediterranean
and Leghorn trade, from the want of due cultivation,
has here dwindled away into insignificance, and the
American trade, that rich source of wealth to Liverpool,
is in Hull of but limited extent. The West India trade
has been attempted several times, but never established ;
and two or three vessels have sailed hence to the East
Indies, without as yet producing any profitable returns.
The following is the gross amount of the customs at
this port for the last ten years: —

£.

£.

1824 .
--25 .
--26 .
-27 .
-28 .

. 647,800
. 866,900
. 692,300
. 813,500
. 709,700

1829 .
-30 .
-31 .
-32 .
-33 .

. 741,412
. 713,579
. 694,930
. 627,262
. 630,059

And the following the number of ships (British and
Foreign) that entered inwards and cleared outwards
from and to foreign parts, also of coasting vessels, for
the last ten years : —

Years.

Cargoes.

Ballast.

Coasters.

1824

Inw.

Out.

Inw.

Out.

Inw.

Out.

1286

478

635

3369

3370

-25

2171

477

4

1153

3161

3696

-26

2425

458

7

858

3283

3416

-27

2582

601

3

902

3596

3180

-28

1555

571

7

647

1641

1707

-29

1486

550

6

593

1477

1679

-30

1453

536

9

511

1664

1679

-31

1699

601

15

705

1480

1688

-32

1216

643

63

394

1556

1893

-33

1352

591

13

487

1663

1842

The diminution in the Custom's revenue at Hull
since 1828, is to be ascribed to the establishment of

COMMERCE. 43 '
Goole as a port, 20 miles up the Humber. Notwith
standing this rivalship, we believe that the receipts for
the current year, are likely to exhibit a considerable
t improvement compared with the two preceding years.
About seventy thousand tons of shipping belong to
the port of Hull, exclusive of many hundreds of small
craft employed on the river Humber. Within the last
ten years the export of cotton twist and of manufactured
cottons, from this port, has prodigiously increased: in
1814, 7,330,000 pounds of cotton twist and 9,240,000
yards of cotton were exported from hence ; this amount
has been yearly augmented, and in 1820, 18,000,000
pounds of twist and 50,000,000 yards of cotton, chiefly
to Hamburgh, appear upon the list of exports in the
custom-house books.
Although it appears evident from undoubted records,
that as early as the twelfth century Kingston-upon-Hull
was a place of some importance from its trade and
shipping, in the very infancy as it were of British com
merce, yet it is only in days comparatively modern,
that any approximation was made towards those great
improvements and conveniences by which this port is at
present particularly distinguished. Till the completion
of the Old Dock, commenced in 1774, the whole of the
commerce of this port, as far as wharfs and quays were
concerned, was confined to that part of the river Hull
still known by the name of the Old Harbour ; and ships
actually received and discharged their cargoes, to a
very considerable extent, while lying in the roads, by
means of lighters, and other small craft. When the
trade of Hull had increased to the extent it attained a
short time previous to the passing of the act for con
structing the first dock established here, it is difficult
to conceive how the loading and unloading of vessels,
particularly of ships of any burthen, could be effected
with that celerity necessary to insure profitable specu
lation. - Still, with all the inconveniences in question,
the construction of a dock appears to have been, at the
period referred to, far from a popular measure. This
seems to have arisen from the public objection, to the
c-2

44 PICTURE OP HULL.
establishment on the part of the government, of "legal
quays," whereby it was intended to facilitate the col
lection of the revenue. We are informed thatwhen, in
the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and afterwards in that of
Charles the Second, legal enactments were passed for
the establishment of legal quays at all the ports in
England, by some peculiar grace or favour the port of
Hull alone was excepted from the operation of the law.
Peculiar inconveniences, however, which seem to have
been found detrimental to the revenue, arose from this
partial exception. In the year 1746, many illegal prac
tices were discovered, and the revenue boards, in conse
quence, became seriously dissatisfied with the mode of
transacting business at this port. After trying various
experiments in the way of regulation, without effecting
the desired object, surveyors were sent down for the
purpose of investigating the causes of complaint, and
reporting upon the best mode of bringing the business of
the port to the same state, in regard to the collection of
his Majesty's dues, as that of other places in the king
dom. The result of their labours was a report, in
which the absolute necessity of establishing legal quays,
in order that the business of the revenue might be
conducted in the same manner here as at other ports,
was peremptorily insisted on. The government, how
ever waited for some convenient time to carry this
measure into effect, and seemed unwilling to resort to
any apparently arbitrary act, however the occasion
might seem to call for it. The increasing prosperity
of the port afforded this opportunity, for we find that,
in the year 1766, an application was made to govern
ment for a grant of part of the king's works, near the
garrison, for the purpose of enlarging the haven. But
as a legal quay formed no part of the intended im
provements, the commissioners of the customs interfered
and the attempt was frustrated.
In 1 773, however, the difficulty was partially removed,
and a bill was brought in for establishing and making a
legal quay, together with a dock or basin, adjoining the
haven or Old Harbour; yet, the subscription in this

COMMERCE. 45
case, was not adequate to carry the business through,
and it was laid aside for that year. In the ensuing-
session, 1774, a further attempt was made, which ended
in the establishment of the Hull Dock Company, and in
the construction of the extensive work now called the
Old Dock, a work, at the period of its formation,
superior to any thing of the kind in the united kingdom,
and even now, for extent and convenience, is scarcely
surpassed. To those, however, who have since observed
in the same vicinity, two similar constructions — only
inferior in extent to the first — effected with comparative
facility, it is a matter of some surprise that a work so
imperatively demanded by the necessity of the case,
so pregnant with benefit to the community, and so
apparently sure in its results as a profitable speculation,
should have been impeded in the outset by so much
delay and difficulty. One obstruction arose from the
unwillingness evinced by the inhabitants generally to
subscribe towards the new undertaking, for after the
subscription had been kept open for some time for the
inhabitants of Hull in preference to other persons,
recourse was had to individuals resident in other places
to complete the amount. The government, in addition
to the grant of the military works before alluded to,
contributed fifteen thousand pounds, towards the
completion of the undertaking.
By the act of parliament the company was empowered
and required within seven years from and after the 31st
Dec. 1774, to make "a basin or dock to extend from
the river Hull to a certain place in the town of Kings
ton-upon-Hull, called the Beverley Gates, or as near
thereto as conveniently might be, and to make the same
in all parts equal in depth to the bed of the river, or at
least within fifteen inches of the same, for the admission
of loaded ships ; and of such width at the least as the
ground granted by the act would admit." The company
was also empowered to make and provide such reser
voirs, sluices, bridges, roads, and other works, as they
should from time to time adjudge necessary for the
more convenient use of the dock, and the general benefit

46 PICTURE OP HULL.
of shipping, and the trade and commerce of the port;
and to build a quay or wharf of a sufficient and con
venient length for the trade and business of the town
and port, to range along the side of the basin or dock
next the town. In consideration of the great charges
and expenses attending so extensive an undertaking,
and for the maintenance of the dock and quay, certain
rates or duties were specified in the act to be paid to
the company by all ships frequenting the port.
The Dock Company, all difficulties having been re
moved, proceeded with spirit and alacrity in their
stupenduous undertaking, insomuch that although by
the act they were allowed seven years to complete the
work, the whole was finished in a period of four years.
On the stone deposited in the lock pit was affixed a
plate, bearing the following inscription:
"For the improvement of commerce, by the enlargement of
the port of Kingston-upon-Hull, his most gracious majesty
King George the Third did, with the consent of his parliament,
appropriate the military works surrounding the town, with a
further aid of royal and parliamentary munificence. In grati
tude to their gracious sovereign, and to transmit a dutiful
remembrance thereof to the latest posterity, the dock company
have caused this to be inscribed on the first stone, which was
laid by Joseph Outram, Esq. mayor, October 19, 1775."
On the 22nd of September in that year, the dock was
opened with great ceremony. It is scarcely necessary
to remark that the advantages of the new dock were at
once visible, in the ease and convenience wilh which
vessels were laden and unladen, unattended with hazard
and loss of time.
The number of shares, into which the undertaking
was divided, was one hundred and twenty. Of these
the mayor and burgesses took ten shares ; the corpora
tion of the Trinity-house, ten; thirty-seven individual
subscribers, two shares each; twenty-five, one each,
and the Charter-house one share.
In 1814, the lock and basin of the Old Dockhaving,
from the great traffic of vessels through them, fallen into
decay, were rebuilt, and the present very convenient

commerce. 47
draw-bridge was erected.
The dimensions of this dock are as follow : —
The dock.— Length, 1,703 feet; breadth, 254 feet ;
area, 48,074 square yards, or 9a. 3r. 29p. and capable
of affording accommodation to one hundred square-
rigged ships.
The Quays. — Area, 18,163 square yards.
The Basm— Length, 211 feet; breadth, 80 feet;
area, 1,875 square yards, or 0a. 1r. 22p.
The Lock.— Length, 121 feet; breadth, 38 feetj
depth, 24 feet 6 inches.
Bridge. — Breadth, 15 feet.
Tides. — The average depth of water, upon the Old
Dock lock-sills, at spring tides, is 20 feet 6 inches ; at
neap tides, 15 feet.
The Warehouses and Sheds. — The warehouses occupy
an area of 2251 square yards ; the sheds consist of two
ranges, in length 143 feet and 492 feet; breadth, 23
feet. Building Land. — The building land attached to the
Old Dock comprises an area of 25098 square yards.
Legal Quays. — The length of the legal quays, on the
south side of the Old dock, is 1558 feet.
The engineers by whom this extensive undertaking
was completed, were John Grundy and John Rennie,
Esqrs. consulting engineers, and Mr. Luke Holt and
Mr George Miller, resident engineers.
The trade of the port continuing to increase, and the
Old Dock, capacious and convenient as it was in every
respect, being found insufficient to meet the rapidly-
extending commerce, the formation of another dock
naturally suggested itself. To enable the company to
proceed in their project of improving- the accommodation
of the port, two acts of parliament were obtained, one
in 1802 and the other in 1805, to enable them to
increase the number of shares from one hundred and
twenty, to one hundred and eighty. The sum arising
from the sixty additional shares amounted to £82,390,
and this was appropriated towards the construction of
the new dock called the Humber Dock. J. Rennie-

48 PICTURE OF HULL.
and William Chapman, Esqrs. civil engineers, were
the parties engaged to carry this work into execution.
The preliminary labours for the formation of the dock
were commenced in 1803. The laying of the first stone
of the lock-pit, however, did not take place till the 13th
of April, 1807, when that ceremony was gone through
with the accustomed formalities, and the dock having
been completed at an expense of upwards of £220,000,
was opened on the 30th of June, 1809. The whole of
the expense of constructing the Humber dock, was not
however borne by the company. It being obvious that
the improvement of the port, in affording additional
facilities for commerce, was an advantage to the com
munity generally, it was provided in the act of parliament,
that half the expenditure should fall on the corporation
of the town. In pursuance of an arrangement with the
government, the dock was constructed to accomodate,
if necessary, men of war of fifty guns. The Old dock
opens into that part of the river Hull, generally called
the old harbour, by which it communicates with the
Humber, through a long, narrow, and rather inconve
nient channel; but the Humber dock opens at once
into the magnificent river from which it derives its
name, by means of a lock of admirable construction,
and a large basin protected by piers. Indeed the whole
of this dock, in regard to its conveniences, without any
disparagement to the Old dock, shows the improvement
which a few years had made in the practical knowledge
necessary to carry into effect constructions of this nature.
It may be mentioned, however, that for the purpose of
keeping the basin free fiom the immense accumulation
of silt or warp, which the Humber deposits, probably
in greater quantities than any river in England, the
southern end of the Humber dock is provided with iron
pipes of large bore, and sluice-gates, by which the
water is occasionally suffered to rush into the basin, and
loosen the mud which would otherwise, in course of
time, choke up the channel. The labour of removing
the mud is thus materially facilitated to the workmen

COMMERCE. 49
employed for the purpose." Some notion may be
formed of the immense deposit of warp on the shores
of the Humber, from the fact that no less than from
nine to ten thousand tons of mud are annually removed
from the basin of the Humber dock, and about five
times that amount from the dock itself.
If we may judge from the interest excited by the
opening of the Humber dock, on the 30th of June,
1809, that event appears to have been considered as
important in the advantages it promised to the trade of
the port, as the completion of the Old dock in 1778.
On reference to the Hull papers of the period, we find
that the morning of the 30th was ushered in by a merry
peal from the bells. Flags were displayed on the
steeples of all the churches, and the ships in the roads,
the Old dock, and the harbour, were gaily decorated
with colours. At half-past six o'clock the members of
the corporations of the town and Trinity-house, and the
Dock company, assembled at the dock office, and at a
quarter past seven set out, preceded by flags and a band
of music.
The procession paraded to the entrance of the basin,
where the ship Effort was lying ready to take her share
in the ceremony that was to follow. She was armed
with cannon, and decorated with a variety of colours,
and the yards were manned by the scholars educated at
the Trinity-house marine school, in their naval uni
forms. At eight o'clock, the Effort entered the dock

• The cleansing of the dock itself is performed by a dredging
machine worked by a steam engine of six-horse power. By
this invention it is stated that fifty tons of mud are raised in an
hour, which is placed in barges, and deposited by them in a
situation where it is washed away by the current. By this
means the dock is kept at all times in a state fit for the reception
of vessels at a smaller expense than could be effected by any
other mode. The old dock being situated comparatively at a
distance from the Humber, whose waters it receives after they
have passed through a lengthened channel, and have con
sequently parted with a portion of their impurities, is not
affected by the deposition of soil to so great an extent as the
dock of which we are now speaking. H

50 PICTURE OF HULL.
amidst the acclamations of a great multitude of
spectators. When she had passed the lock, she fired
a royal salute from her guns. This was returned from
twenty-one pieees of artillery placed in a convenient
situation near the basin, the band of music playing
during the ceremony "Rule Britannia," and finishing
with "God save the King." At half-past eight, the
members of the three corporations, accompanied by
merchants and ship-owners, and a vast assemblage
of the inhabitants and other persons, many of whom
had come from the adjoining counties to witness the
spectacle, returned from the dock to the Neptune Inn,
(since converted into the Custom House,) where an
elegant breakfast was provided, of which about seventy
gentlemen, members of the corporation, and others,
partook. As a most important appendage of the Humber dock,
it may be mentioned that the Dasin, with its piers, is
one of the most striking objects to the eye of the
stranger. They are the focus of that extensive traffic
that has sprung up within a few years, the steam packet
trade. At the period of the formation of the basin, it
eould never have entered the mind of the engineer that
its piers would, at a future period, afford facilities
for the landing of some hundreds of passengers daily.
Such, however, is now the caser yet the extension
of one of them to low water mark, would be a
most desirable improvement. The piers of the
basin have always formed a very agreeable promenade
to the inhabitants of Hull. The fresh breezes from
the river are to be enjoyed here in the most sultry
weather, and the view of the shipping in the Humber,
the arrival of vessels from foreign ports, and the
constant access of passengers by the steam packets,
present a varied and agreeable scene.
The large coffer dam, prepared to keep out the
waters of the Humber while the basin was being con
structed, formed an obj ect of attraction to the public while
the works were in progress. It required an immense
quantity of timber for its formation, and twelve or

COMMERCE. 51
more ships came from Dantzic, laden with that mate
rial for the purpose."
The following are the dimensions of the Humber
Dock:— The Dock. — Average length, 914 feet; breadth, 342
feet; area, 34,607 square yards, or 7a. Or. 24p. and
will contain seventy square-rigged ships.
The Quays. — Area, 17,639 square yards.
The Basin.— Length, 258 feet; breadth, 434 feet
area, 12,429 square yards, or 2a. 2r. Up.
Quays on the Basin. — Area, 8,419 square yards.
The Lock.— Length, 158 feet 6 inches ; breadth, 42
feet; depth, 31 feet 2 inches.
Bridge. — Breadth, 12 feet 6 inches.
Tides. — The average depth of water, upon the Hum
ber dock lock-sills, at spring tides, is 26 feet 6 inches ;
at neap tides, 21 feet.
The Shed.— Length, 754 feet; breadth, 25 feet.
Legal Quays. — Length, on the east side of the Hum
ber dock, 852 feet; on the south side ditto, 162 feet.
Piers. — The east and west piers of the Humber
Dock basin, are each 238 feet long and 18 feet broad.
THE JUNCTION DOCK
was commenced towards the close of the year 1826,
and completed with an expedition quite unparalleled.
The first stone of the south lock-pit was laid on
the 10th. of December, 1827, with all the observances
usual on such occasions. According to the contract
entered into by the Dock Company with Mr. M'Intosh,
the work was to be completed on the 1st. of January,
1830: this period was anticipated by more than
half a year. The determination to construct this
dock arose from the urgent necessity of affording
* It is a curious fact, that when the piles were drawn at
the end of nearly seven years, they were actually sold as
timber, with a very considerable profit on their original cost
price to the Dock Company. This was a consequence of one
of Buonaparte's anti-commercial decrees.
h2

52 PICTURE OP HULL.
still further accommodation to the shipping entering
this port; but, unfortunately, it was not formed until
after all the privileges of a port had been conceded to
Goole. According to the provisions of the Humber Dock
Act, the company were empowered, when the tonnage
reached to a certain amount, to construct a new dock,
half the expense of which was to be secured to them.
There appears, however, to be an ambiguity in the
wording of the act, and some time having elapsed in
negotiation with the town, and in applications to parlia
ment, the company, in December, 1825, came to the
resolution of commencing the undertaking at their sole
expense. From the time the works commenced until
they were brought to their present state, they proceeded
with almost incredible despatch, till the month of
March, in the year 1829. At this time aportion of the
wall of the Old dock, nearly adjoining the dam, suddenly
slipped, and the consequence was, that the water found
its way in so large a quantity, that it was wholly out of
the question to oppose its progress into the pit between
the dam and the lock-gate of the new dock. The lock-
gates being at the time shut and secured by struts and
braces, prevented the sudden irruption of water into
tbe area of the dock ; it however found its way through
with some degree of rapidity, and, the accident having
occurred very early in the morning, by the time night
had set in, the Junction Dock presented as fine an ex
panse of the watery element, as if it had been admitted
secundum a/rtem, under the superintendence of the most
skilful engineer. Fortunately the new works were so
far completed that not the slightest injury was sustained
in any one part. What remained to be done to the
lock-gates was effected by the agency of the diving bell,
and the soil that had slipped into the Old dock, after
the falling of the wall, was afterwards cleared out by
means of the dredging machine.
Of the Junction dock it may be asserted, that great
as were the conveniences afforded by the Old and Hum
ber docks, they were imperfect without it. By the

COMMERCE. 53
completion of this undertaking the connecting link has
been added to a series of works for marine accommoda
tion, not to be equalled throughout the kingdom. The
additional quay room gained by means of the Junction
dock is upon the most extensive scale, and, as in the
other two docks, is wholly unimpeded by the intervention
of buildings of any description, throughout the whole
line of frontage on every side. The advantage of this
is obvious to every one in the least acquainted with
commercial matters. The accommodation for craft is
afforded by a water surface, equal in area to about six
acres, by which sixty additional square-rigged vessels,
may be provided with every convenience for mooring,
loading and unloading. There is another and most
important advantage gained by the construction of this
dock. It forms a direct and open communication with
the Old dock from the Humber, so as completely to
obviate the necessity of ships going into the old harbour.
The crowded state of that channel is often attended
with accident, and always with delay and difficulty of
passage. It often happens that vessels are unable to
get iuto the Old dock by that passage in one tide. The
consequence is, that they are subject occasionally to lie
dry, which is frequently injurious to vessels. The
channel itself, too, from the state of the bottom in some
places, is such as to be often injurious to the hulls of
vessels. Vessels using the docks at Hull may now
always lie afloat. The locks at each end of the dock
by which the communication with the other two docks
is kept up, are upon a scale to admit the passage of
vessels of eight hundred tons burthen ; the dimensions
of these locks will be found in a succeeding page.
They are provided with double flood-gates, by means
of which the dock is kept free from the influence of the
tides, and will, it is understood, retain at all times
nearly the same depth of water. The draw-bridges
thrown over the locks at each extremity of the dock
are constructed with great skill ; they combine strength
and convenience with lightness and elegance of appear
ance; and are raised and lowered with the greatest

54 PICTURE OP HULL.
facility and despatch. There are rail-roads along the
whole line of quays on the east side of the dock, which
communicate with those of the two other docks, and
are adapted for the transit of goods to and from the
various quays and warehouses. An improvement of
considerable importance has been effected in this dock,
in keeping the quays wholly clear of posts and obstruc
tions, by a novel method of fixing the rings to which
the vessels are to be moored. These lings are let into
the wall under the coping stones, at convenient dis
tances, on the east side of the dock, and are so con
structed that they not only act as fenders to keep
vessels from injuring the wall, or receiving injury
themselves, but tend, by the way in which they are
attached to the masonry, to tie the stones forming the
wall together. To insure the necessary security of
these rings, they are connected by iron bolts with strong
piles driven into the earth at about forty feet from the
face of the walls. These piles are completely embedded
and lie under the surface of the quay. There are also
six mooring buoys afloat in the dock.
It is peculiarly gratifying to reflect that the spot on
which some of the most ferocious struggles of a devas
tating civil war took place, is now devoted to the
promotion of commercial enterprise, and the increase of
human comfort and convenience. The Hull docks
occupy the exact site of the ancient fortifications of the
town, and encircle it with water in place of its old
walls. On June 1st, 1829, being the day appointed for open
ing the Junction dock, the town at an early hour ex
hibited every appearance of animation and excitement.
As the time (nine o'clock) at which the ceremony was
expected to take place approached, the bustle continued
to increase, and long before that period the quays sur
rounding the dock were crowded with spectators.
The Trinity-house yacht, which was to perform a
prominent part in tbe ensuing formalities, was observed
in the north-east corner of the Humber dock, near
Myton-gate bridge, decorated with the colours of all

COMMERCE. 55
nations, floating in the breeze from her yards and rig
ging The Junction dock, which, preparatory to the
opening, had been cleared of all the floating timber,
presented a fair expanse of water, and all obstructions
had been removed from the surrounding quays. The
Kingston, recently built for towing vessels by steam
from this port to Selby, lay in the Myton-gate lock-pit,
with her bow projecting into the Junction dock, ready
to bring in the yacht.
A platform, covered by an awning, was provided for
the accommodation of company on the Humber dock
side of the lock at Mytongate, and a number of ladies
and gentlemen assembled in it before nine o'clock.
Every thing being ready for the opening of the dock,
the towing ropes were adjusted, and the steamer being
put in motion, the instant the gates were fully opened,
and the bridge elevated to its height, the two vessels
glided into the open expanse of the newly completed
dock. As the yacht passed through the bridge, the
boys of the Trinity-house marine school on board, and
the company on the steam tug, gave three animating
cheers, .which were answered by the vast crowds
on the quays. On entering the Junction dock, the
yacht presented a most striking and picturesque object
to the eye of the spectator, and a number of smart
gigs and row boats, that followed in her wake and
spread themselves rapidly over the surface of the dock,
gave to the scene the animated appearance of a regatta.
After entering the dock, the yacht was towed by the
steamer once round, amidst the occasional cheers of
the populace, and the discharge, at intervals, of fire
arms, from some of the spectators and from the win
dows of houses on the walls. Both vessels then
proceeded through Whitefriargate lock pit and bridge
into the Old dock, and came to moorings near the
bonding yard, at the east end of the Old dock. On
the conclusion of the ceremony the gentlemen con
nected with the Dock Company adjourned to the
Kingston hotel, where they partook of a handsome
dejeune".

56 PICTURE OF HULL.
As a part of the ceremony of opening the dock, it
was determined that the yacht should make the com
plete circuit of the town, the means of effecting that
navigation being now for the first time afforded. The
state of the tide, however, not admitting this object to
be effected in the morning, a second display took place
in the afternoon ; between four and five o'clock, the
steamer, with a considerable number of persons on board,
and the yacht with the Trinity-house boys, and a
party of ladies and gentlemen, proceeded by the old har
bour, amidst the acclamations of immense assemblages
of spectators, and salutes of small arms and swivels
from the merchantmen, into the Humber, where they
took a considerable circuit, passing twice round the
revenue cutter, moored in the roads, from which a
salute of four guns was fired, and then returned
through the Humber dock into the Junction dock.
Mr. James Walker was the engineer by whom this
admirable work was planned.
The dimensions of the Junction dock are as follow : —
The Dock.— Length, 645 feet; breadth, 407 feet;
area, 29,191 square yards, or 6a. Or. 5p. ; and will
hold 60 square-rigged vessels.
The Quays. — Area, 15,643 square yards.
The Locks. — Length, 120 feet; breadth, 36 feet 6
inches; depth, 25 feet. Two bridges- — each 24 feet
wide. The Building Land attached to the Junction dock
comprises an area of 2247 square yards.

CHURCHES.
"Where thro' the long-drawn aisle and fretted vault,
The pealing anthem swells the note of praise." Gray.

HOLY TRINITY CHURCH.
The earliest notice extant respecting this church,
occurs in a M. S. in the Warburton collection in the
British Museum. In the year 1285, it is stated that
the "High church dedicated to the Holy Trinitie was
at first founded as a chapel, by one James Helward,"
the mother church, as the author of the M. S. states,
being Hessle.
Probability is in favour of the above statement, as
it is not likely that Hull, amidst the prosperity which
shone upon it at the close of the thirteenth century,
should have remained without any place of public
worship until 1312, which is the year assigned by the
historians of the town for the building of the church of
the Holy Trinity.*
In 1657, when the nation was distracted by the
various sects which divided it under the protector
ship, there came over an independent preacher from
Amsterdam, called Mr. Cam, who preached to the
soldiers publicly in the streets and the garrison. He so
far insinuated himself into their favor that they called
him their preacher, and petitioned the council of state
to grant them the chancel to meet in. Although they
were opposed by the parishioners, the privilege was
* Frost, p. 21.
i

58 PICTURB OF HULL.
granted. The arches between the body of the church
and the chancel were then walled up, that they might'
not disturb each other in their devotions ; most of the
brasses from the grave stones were removed, the mo
numents and inscriptions defaced ; the chancel filled
with benches, and entrances made by two doors through
two old chantries. This state of things continued till
the restoration, when an act was passed for the rein'
statement of all the ministers who had been discarded
for their loyalty by the commonwealth. Next year the
great wall between the nave and chancel was pulled
down, and strict orders were given to prevent boys
playing therein, and people from carrying burdens
through the church-yard ; the font was set up in the
usual place, the rails were placed around the communion
table, and the churchwardens were ordered to provide
a surplice and Common Prayer Book, in the place of
those which, in 1645, had been publicly burnt in the-
market-place of Hull.
Until 1661 it was only a chapel of ease to Hessle;
but in this year it was entirely disunited.
The church of the Holy Trinity is the largest paro
chial edifice in England.* It consists of a nave and
aisles, chancel and aisles, transepts, and a noble tower in
the centre. The west front has an elegant appearance;
it consists of a centre and wings, divided by buttresses.
The nave rises considerably higher than the aisles, and
is finished by a parapet or blank quatrefoils, formerly
surmounted by large trefoils, some of which yet remain
over the south aisle. In the centre of this front is a re
cessed doorway, the mouldings of which are enriched
with small flowers and rest on nine columns with foliated
capitals ; above is a pedimental canopy, crocketed and
• It is two hundred and seventy two feet long from east to
west ; the length of the nave being one hundred and forty four
feet: the breadth of the nave of the transept, under the tow
er, is twenty eight feet : and the length of the chancel, one
hundred feet; the breadth of the nave of the church, is one
hundred and seventy two feet; the length of the transept
ninety 6ix feet; and the breadth of the chancel seventy feet.

CHURCHES. 59
finished with a finial, and at each side a pinnacle. The
remainder of the space on each side of the doorway to
the height of the arch is occupied with three large niches,
having canopies, formerly very rich, but now, like most
of the building, in a sad state of dilapidation.* The
window which rises above the entrance is very large,
occupying the entire breadth of the nave, and reaching
to the parapet; it is of nine lights with five tiers of
small perpendicular lights in the head of the arch. In
each of the aisles is a similar window of seven lights.
The south side of the nave is made into eight divisions
by buttresses, formerly adorned with elegant pinnacles.
The finish of this aisle is a plain battlement, and in each
division is a pointed window of five lights, with inter
secting arches and perpendicular tracery in the sweep.
The fourth window from the west is occupied to half
its height by a stone porch with battlements, and, at
the angles, pinnacles of modern workmanship. The
clerestory of the nave is finished by a plain parapet,
and has sixteen pointed windows of three lights each.
The transept is of brickf covered with composition,
and is of the height of the aisles ; it has double buttresses
at the angles, which are finished with pedimental caps,
crocketed, with pinnacles and niches in each face. In
the west side is a single pointed window of three lights,
and in the sweep of the arch a large trefoil, every leaf
enclosing a similar figure. The principal part of this
window is blank, and one on the east side, which has
no tracery, is entirely filled up. The south front has a
handsome stone porch, the roof of the interior having
longitudinal stone ribs. Over this porch is a pointed
window of six lights, with trefoil heads (all previously
described, having cinquefoils) and some beautiful qua-

• The church is undergoing a thorough repair, and we hope,
in a few years, to see it restored to its former lustre.
t Said to be the oldest brick building, not Roman, in Eng
land. The revival of the art of brick -making has generally
been attributed to Hull. In 1321, William de la Pole had,
without the North Gate of the Town, a Tilery or Brick yard.
l2

60

PICTURE OF HULL.

trefoil and trefoil tracery in the sweep of the arch.
The chancel is made into five divisions by buttresses,
formerly finished with pinnacles, but now decayed.
The finish of the aisles is a battlement like the nave,
and in each division is a pointed window of four lights,
cinquefoil heads, and quatrefoil and trefoil tracery in
the sweep of the arch. A low building extends the
whole length of the chancel, parallel with the south
front of the transept. The clerestory of this part of
the church has ten pointed windows of two lights each,
with a union of four quatrefoils in the sweep. The
whole of this part of the church, like the west end, is
in a very decayed state. The east front which abuts
on the market-place, has a very noble appearance : it is
similar in form and arrangement to the west end. The
aisles have also similar windows, but the finish of the
parapet is different, having a very large pierced battle
ment. The centre window is pointed, of seven lights,
with cinquefoil heads, and the sweep is filled with
quatrefoil and cinquefoil tracery. Above the window
is a niche, with a canopy and pinnacle crocketed.
The north side of the chancel is similar to the south,
except that the tracery in the sweep of the arches is
more fanciful. On each side of the door to the sill of
the window is beautiful paneling, with tracery in the
heads of the arches ; and in the spandrils of the arch of
entrance (the moulding of which is supported on four
columns on each side) are two shields, on which are
inscribed a. d. mdcccxxviii., the date of the repar
ation of this part. The nave is similar to the south
side. At the intersection of the nave, chancel, and
transepts, rises a noble tower in two lofty stories ; at
the angles are buttresses, terminating in crocketed
pinnacles, and the finish of each face is an elegant
pierced battlement, with a pinnacle in the centre. In
each face in the lower story are two pointed windows
of three lights each, and in the upper are similar win
dows more highly enriched, with pedimental canopies
terminating in finials above the battlements. At the
north west angle is a^iexagona! staircase, which rises

CHURCHES. 61
to the summit of this tower. The entire church, from
the exterior, has an imposing appearance, and occupies
an area of not less than 20,056 square feet.
The clergy attached to the Holy Trinity Church
consist of a vicar, a lecturer, and a reader.
The interior of this edifice has a grand and Cathedral-
like appearance. The nave, a portion of which is de
voted to the church service, is divided from the aisles
by eight pointed arches, resting on lofty columns,
formed by a union of four cylinders. The mouldings
of the arches rest on angels, playing various wind and
stringed instruments. The whole of the figures are in
fine preservation. The ceiling is flat and paneled. A
considerable portion of the nave at the west end is sep
arated from the portion devoted to the service of the
church. The nave portion is glazed, and the aisles
blocked up with wood. The remainder of the nave
has a gallery round it, the lower part adorned with
triglyphs and mutules of the Doric order. In the
western gallery is a handsome organ,* originally built
for St. Paul's Cathedral. In the centre of the nave
are three separate pulpits, decreasing in size, but all
similar in form and ornament; they are octagonal,
covered with rich paneling, and standing on four
columns conjoined.
The nave is separated from the transept by an
immense screen of oak. The lower part of the screen
has four doric pilasters, supporting their proper entab
lature, and on each side are flights of stairs leading to
the galleries of the nave.
The interior of the chancel has a very light and
elegant appearance; it is divided from the aisles by
five pointed arches, resting on columns similar to those
of the nave ; the capitals are foliated, and the pillars
rest on octagonal plinths. The mouldings of the arch
es, both towards the chancel and the aisles, rest on
small full length figures of saints, standing on gro-
* It has undergone a complete repair, under the direction
of Mr. Ward of York, and has been moved eastward, to the
merchants' lofts, where it is seen with great effect.

&2 PICTURE OP HULL.
tesque masks. A neat screen of oak, with pointed
arches, &c. separates the chancel from the transept.
Almost the whole of the east window was, until late
ly occupied by a painting of the Last Supper by Par-
mentier, (1711) which now embellishes the chancel of
Hessle church. In design this window is almost unique.
It formerly contained, in stained glass, the history of
the Bible. The funds, which were raised by subscrip
tion, were inadequate to complete the design ; and we
regret to say that the effort recently made to accomplish
the same, proved likewise unsuccessful.
This beautiful window which is now partially filled*
with painted glass by Mr. Ward, the glass painter of
Frith Street, Soho Square, London ; will contain in the
twenty-one lower compartments into which it is divided
when finished, the figures of the Redeemer, the Apos
tles, and the Evangelists, under rich canopies, and with
appropriate inscriptions, and with the figures which
represent Faith, Hope, Charity, Justice, Temperance,
Fortitude, and Prudence. Immediately over the head
of the Saviour are the initials J. H. S. in ancient
characters, the star of Bethlehem, and one symbol of
his sufferings, the crown of thorns. At the extreme
point of the top of the window is the symbol of the
Holy Trinity, unto which the church is dedicated.
The remaining parts of the tracery are enriched with
figures of Angels holding trumpets, and other musical
instruments; besides Cherub's heads, and ornaments
appropriate to the style of the Architecture, forming
altogether the most beautiful assemblage of colours
imaginable. This work has hitherto been allowed by
all who have seen it (and those who are competent
to judge) to be one of the most successful combinations
of ancient and modern Art.t

• About half the window is finished already, commencing
from the top downwards.
t It is an erroneous opinion that the art of painting (or as it
ought to be called enamelling on glass) was ever lost. Want
of patronage, it is true, and tne varying course of events, some
times starved the Artist out of practice, but so long as a com
mon pottery or at most a China Manufactory remained, the

Drawn.. Engraved fe Pubj.Lahf*(i -¦-'> J. IJi'f-rw"":'. r>, iivTw;i.a.ij ¦ y '-::ie, Hull.

aj cc afifu-a-ied aicbcna //,c c/!e*iweiC .^fyv-i 7oJjZj.

CHURCHES.

63

Towards the east end in the south wall is a door,
formerly a chantry; there was in it a great black mar
ble grave stone with brasses on it, thought to be the
inscription of the founder, who lay buried there. About
1669, another old chantry or two were converted into
a library or vestry. The books were mostly given, on
building the library, by those mentioned on a table over
the chimney. Any one may have the use of it by proper
application. To the westward of the library, is a door
which opens into a chantry, (the following cut repre
sents a window therein,) leading into the church

man of genius and of patient research, would always find the
leading principles to raise it up anew ; and with the present
improvements in Chymistry, added to the more extensive
knowledge of design among the Artists, nothing but patron
age is wanted to raise English glass painting again to the
highest excellence. As the English school of Painters in
water colours stands unrivalled in Europe, so might, and so>
probably would, our glass painters.

64 PICTURE OF HULL.
yaid, where, on an arch were several arms; among the
rest those of Scroop and De la Pole, &c. and opposite,
those of the Isle of Man, which being opposite Scroop's,
may assist in ascertaining the time when the church or
this part of it was finished, viz. when William Seroop,
earl of Wiltshire, was lord of that isle in 1392, in the
reign of Richard the Second. In the seventh volume
of Dodsworth's collection in the Bodleian library, is a
charter of the foundation of a chantry in this church,
and another for the perpetual maintenance of twelve
poor men. There were in all sixty coats of arms in the
great cross aisle and chancel, among which was that of
William De la Pole, son and heir of Sir Richard, who
lived in 1345, who was elder brother to William, first
mayor of Hull. The windows were formerly much
ornamented with shields of arms. In 1575, the great
east window was so much damaged by the violence of
the mob in demolishing the painted glass at the refor
mation, that it all fell down, and it was rebuilt by Mr.
William Gee, mayor in 1562 and 1573, at his own
expense, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth : as were also
the two great windows beneath the steeple on the south
side ; by whose example, several being induced to take
the miserable state of the church into consideration,
(and among the rest the company of weavers and
tailors) repaired the windows fallen to decay. Round
the chancel are two rows of seats one above another,
at some of the ends of which were carved various fig
ures, such as St. George and the Dragon, or St. Mi
chael standing upon and killing him, with coats of arms ;
there are only two now remaining : there were also the
arms of John Tutbury, a merchant, and great contribu
tor to the building of the church, also his mark ; but it
is somewhat extraordinary, there is no monument of
him, or any record where he was buried, which, as
he was five times mayor of Hull, was most probably
in the church. There have been many chantries on
both sides of the chancel, which in the days of Edward
the Sixth were pulled down and the lead sold, but the
walls and skeletons of some of them are yet stand
ing. The whole floor, as is evident by the multitude of

CHURCHES. 65
il
fragments in many places to be seen, must have been
originally paved with little square bricks, upon each of
which was the coat of arms of the founder, builders,
and contributors to the fabric. About a century and a
half ago one was visible, conjectured to be that of
Henry of Monmouth, duke of Lancaster, in the reign
of Edward the Third, but perhaps it was one of the
De la Poles, who intermarried with the royal family.
The roof of the chancel is paneled, as "are those of
the aisles. The font is situated at the west end of the
nave; it is circular and stands on eight columns of four
cylinders each, with a large one in the centre. The
faces have quatrefoils, with shields, roses, &c. In the
north window of the transept are the royal arms, and
those of the corporations of Hull and the Trinity house,
in stained glass, and a great deal of plain stained glass.
In one of the windows of the north aisle is the date of
the repairs of that part of the church, 1829. The
windows here have also fancy stained glass, but so
placed as to have a very tawdry and paltry appearance.
The monuments in this church are extremely numer
ous, and some of them of considerable antiquity. In
the west end of the nave on the south side is an oval
tablet to J. Ellis, Esq. ; died August 19, 1683, being
then mayor. Nearly adjoining is a tablet to R. Gray,
Esq. twice mayor; died November 18, 1727, aged
ninety- six. Beneath this is an altar monument of brick
with a large slab on the top, whereon are engraved the
effigies of a man and his wife ; this monument was to
J. Field, Esq. twice mayor, who died October, 1627,
aged sixty-three. On the top, almost obliterated, is
the following punning epitaph :
"Here is a Feild sowne, that at length must sprout,
And gainst the ripening harvest time breake out,
When to the husband it a crop shal yield,
Who first did dresse, and til this now sowne Feild ;
Yet ere this Feild yow see that crop can giue,
The seed first dyes, that it againe may hue ;"
with arms, and the motto "Sit Deus amicus," &c.
K

66" PICTURE OP HUXE, t
over which, against the wall, is a monument to bis
memory. Attached to the north-east pier of the tower is a neat
tablet to A. Maister, Esq.; died February 18, 1791,
aged fifty-three. On the opposite pier a tablet to
N. Maister, Esq. ; died June 28, 1772, aged sixty-eight.
In the same part of the church are tablets to R. Sykes,
Esq. died 1726, aged forty-eight; J. Broadley, Esq.
died July 2, 1784, aged thirty-one ; and a neat one to
Major J. Skedden, of the fifty-second light infantry;
died at Hull, July 12, 1821 , aged forty-two.
On the east side of the door of the south transept is
a plain pointed arched recess, with the effigy of a fe
male : her dress is dose and partly covers her head.
She has a book between her hajnds,and on the soffite of
the arch is a symbol of the Almighty. On a brass plate
at the back of the recess is the following inscription: —
"Venustam hanc Effigiem Ignotse cujusdam illustris, snides
lapidi vivae ac mortuse memorabilis sed cujus memoria ea fuit
temporum hue non temporis iniquitas jam nunc omnino periit
per tria fere srecula ut ist conjicere intra hunc murum inclu-
sran et caemento obductam casu demum inter asdificium rep-
erandura compertam retegendam atque reficiendam curaverunt.
Ant. North Somerscales 5 Sacrorum
BethuelBoyesI^^1-
Anno Redemptiones mdcccxxi.
Near the north entrance is a marble slab and a basso
relievo, of medicine and grief, exquisitely executed by
Behnes, with this inscription :
In memory of
John Alderson, M. D.
He was Born
at Lowestoft in the county of Suffolk,
on the 4th day of June, A. D. 1757 ;
and died at this place
©n the 16th day of September, A. D. 1829,
in the 73rd year of his age.
As a physician
he united to long and extensive

CHURCHES. 67
experience,
great natural sagacity and acuteness,
an unabated zeal after knowledge,
and a kindness and warmth of feeling,
which made him at once
the skilful adviser
and affectionate friend
of all who knew him,
whether rich or poor.
As a philanthropist
he was eminently distinguished
by his love of science and the arts,
and the unwearied interest
which he took
in all that could adorn or improve
the condition of those around him,
or increase the happiness
of mankind ;
to this end he devoted
the rich stores of his varied
information,
by encouraging, to the utmost
of his power,
the numerous institutions in this town
for the promotion of sound learning
and useful knowledge.
He closed a career
of labour and temperance
cheered by the pleasing recollection
of a well spent life,
and amidst the universal regret
of his fellow citizens.

Erected by his surviving children.

Honourable age is not that which standeth only in length
of time, nor that is measured by number of years.
But wisdom is the gray hair unto man, and an unspotted
life is old age. Wisdom of Solomon.
In the north aisle of the chancel are several monu
ments; one, a neat monument with two Corinthian
k2

68

PICTURE OF HULL.

pillars and between them a three-quarter length portrait*
of a figure in a scarlet robe, with an inscription to Mr.
Thomas Ferries, master of the Trinity house and once
mayor of Hull; died June 21, 1631.
At the east end of the south aisle is a white marble
tablet with a pyramidal slab above, surmounted by an
urn. On the pyramid is a basso relievo of Moses and
the serpent on the cross. On the slab is an inscription
to the Rev. Joseph Milner, M. A. successively lecturer
and vicar of this church, and upwards of thirty years
master of the grammar school; died November 15,
1797, aged fifty-three.t
Near this is a large depressed arch,

"O,.

* This monument was repaired by the corporation in 178S
and in 1815.
t The Rev. J. Milner was originally a weaver, and like his

CHURCHES. 69
the soffite paneled, and on the top two angels holding
shields of arms, viz : — On a bend three martlets, and
the other has a bend with three escallop shells im
paling two lions passant guardant.
Nearly opposite this, on the floor, is a very remarkable
antique grave stone, on which are two brass figures of
a man to the south, and a woman northward ; the head
of the man is shaven, his habit that of a Monk, a dress
in those days held in such veneration, that it was belie
ved Satan could have no power over those who were
buried therein, which induced many to purchase that
privilege at a great price ; at the four corners of the
stone are the symbols of the four Evangelists, being so
many charms to keep away the Devil from the dead ;
under them is a merchant's mark, and these verses :
UNDER THE MAN,
Wt Hfrhartre jarcsS 3Bnlt plurts! uteris 'tabaxii,
aRrcrmartnujS erad xatttaXax et fetfujj wcbig,
teste rattntg enge nrcte nhrutr lute jjecuri&a,
row milterm C quater Semel 5 recttatf.
UNDER THE WOMAN.
Cerra tlaujje tateS nuper $a&&e&&Bv panaris,
SBftertuS jJteterad jrenojjua erajf quia turfcfa,
«&ctrjTjrte menSe migrans air rejrna jttcurrtra,
&. qumquaflciui bifjajJ Sine Sine ientis.
It is impossible to translate this Latin entirely, which
is truely Monkish; what is intelligible, is literally
thus: — "Here thou liest, oh! Richard Byli full of much
"regard ; thou wert Alderman of this town, perishing

brother, the dean of Carlisle, was indebted to his talents for the
celebrity he subsequently attained. He was born at Leeds,
educated in the Free Grammar School there, and afterwards
studied at Catherine Hall, Cambridge, where he took the
degree of B. A. in 1766. With this church he held the vi
carage of North Ferriby. He was author of the much ad
mired History of the Church of Christ.

70

PICTURE OF HULL.

"by the pestilence, destroyed by the sword of death,
"the second day, in the year one thousand, a hun-
"dred four times told with one (i. e. 1401)." —
"Thou art silent in closed earth, thou hast stood beloved,
"departing in the month of October to the blessed king-
"doms, and in thy fiftieth year ; mayst thou live happy
"without end."*
Near this is a neat tablet with a sarcophagus and
shield of arms, all within a depressed arch, with pin
nacles, crockets and finials, to H. Maister, Esq. of this
place and Winestead, chairman of the dock company
and vice-lieutenant of the east-riding ; died January 27,
1812, aged eighty-two. In the niche with Corinthian
columns on each side is the half-length effigy of a man
with a small ruff round his neck and his hands resting
on a cushion, holding a small book.

*@»  '

Underneath is the following inscription : —
"Hereunder rests in peace the body of Mr. Thomas Whin-
cop, born atLinton upon Wharfe, in Yorkshire ; brought up for

* Hadley, p. 784,

CHURCHES. 71
the space of ten years at the university of Cambridge, in trinity
college, whereof he was a member; afterwards preacher at Bev
erley, in the minster, about 16 years ; then master of charter
house hospital, and preacher of Hull in this church, 25 years,
He died Sept. 7, 1624, in the 75 year of his age, beloved, and
bemoaned of all. He left behind him, Elizabeth his wife, born
at Pocklington; and by her, three sons : Samuel, fellow of St.
John's : Thomas and John, both fellows of trinity-college, in
Cambridge ; and all, successively, domestic chaplains to the
right honorable William, earl of Salisbury: and two daugh
ters ; Mary, first married to Mr. Leonard Hudson, of this towa ;
after to Mr. William Chantrell, rector of Walkington: and
Thomasine, first married to Mr. William Smeaton, of Hull ;
after to Mr. John Vaus, of York ; all blest in such a father.*
In the wall of the church more westward is a point
ed arch, enriched with trefoil leaves, &c. Above, is a
pedimental canopy, crocketed, with a beautiful finial in
high preservation, and on each side are buttresses,
finishing in crocketed pinnacles with finials, and the
face of the wall to the top of the pediment is paneled.
Within the arch are the full-length effigies of a man
and woman.

The man has his head bare, his feet rest on a lion, his
robe is ample, and round the middle is a belt with a
• Tiekell, p. 791.

72 PICTURE OF HULL.
small sword or dirk, on his left side. The woman has
a full robe, and her head is partly covered by drapery.
Angels formerly supported their pillows, of which only
one remains. The whole is of alabaster, which has
many years since, been painted brown, and the mutila
ted features repaired with plaster of paris, at the instance
of some gothic churchwarden. From the style of their
dress, they appear to have been people of consideration
of the latter part of the fourteenth century.*
ST. MARY'S CHURCH.
The church dedicated to St. Mary, commonly called
Low church, was originally a magnificent building.
The earliest notice of St. Mary's is found in the
will of William Skayl, made in 1327, which men
tions it as "Capella b'e Virg'. Marie;", it was prob
ably either built or considerably enlarged about that
time, as it is described in a license granted by Archbishop
Melton to the prior and brethren of North Ferriby, on
the 3 non. December, 1333, as being then newly built.
The object of this license was to sanction the perfor
mance of divine offices in the chapel, and the rites of
sepulture in the chapel and chapel-yard, on account of
its distance from the mother church of North Ferriby,
to which it belonged, and the difficulty and hazard of
going to the latter place from Hull, especially in the
winter season. From this document it appears, that
the chapel of St. Mary was originally situate in the
parish of North Ferriby, and that it was built for the
use of the parishioners occasionally resident at Hull.
Mr. Frost says, "It is not known when or by what
means the separation of the chapel of St. Mary, and
the district now called St. Mary's parish, from the
parish of North Ferriby was effected, and there are

* Supposed to be Michael De la Pole, the first earl of
Suffolk of that name, and Catherine his wife ; and that they
were removed here from the charter house, after the disso
lution of the monasteries.

Drawn Encr,- ,d, & Fb'ii krd hy

CHURCHES. 73
many circumstances which favour the belief that no
formal separation did ever take place; the earliest
notice of St. Mary's as a distinct parish is in the act
of resumption of the seventh and eighth of Edward
the Fourth, wherein a house formerly belonging to
the earl of Northumberland, is described as "an house
in Kyngeston-upon- Hull, in the parish of oure Lady."
In 1518, the west end fell entirely down. In 1540,
Henry the Eighth came to Hull, and resided at the
duke of Suffolk's palace, (afterwards called the Manor
hall) ; he pulled down the body of the church and steeple
to the ground, as it intercepted his view from the palace,
and converted the stone and materials to the enlarge
ment and walling thereof, and to the use of the block
houses,* so that there was nothing left standing but the
chancel, which was saved by great entreaty of the town.
And it is this chancel alone which composes the pres
ent church. The old chancel being thus converted
into a church, the inhabitants of the parish, about the
thirteenth year of Queen Elizabeth, built a small chan
cel at the east end thereof. The spot where the new
chancel begins, is at the pillar against which is the
monument of John Fawcitt; it is observable from the
difference of the architecture, the arches being much
lighter to the east. And having had no steeple, or
conveniency whereon to hang a bell, in 1696 they
erected a steeple at the west end of the church, at the
top of which was designed to have been placed a great
cupola or spire.t The chief patrons of this work
were the corporation, who gave ten pounds towards
it, the Rev. Mr. Lmbim of this church, Mr. Banks,

• Mr. Frost considers it more probable that it was removed
for the purpose of extending the court yard or enclosure of the
manor nouse next to the street, in anticipation of the king's
visit. The evident projection of the buildings in that part of
Lowgate where the manor house stood, with other circumstan
ces, makes it probable that the street was on that occasion
thrown more to the eastward, and over the precise spot where
the steeple had once stood. Historical Notices, note, p. 83.
t Hadley, p. 798.

76 PICTURE OF HULL.
?arish is a modern erection, commenced in October
790, consecrated by archbishop Markham, August 3rd
1791, and opened for divine service on the 13th May,
1792. It was built at the sole expense of the Rev.
Thomas Dikes, LL. B., the present incumbent; but the
future presentation is vested in the vicar. The church
is eighty-six feet in length, and fifty-nine in breadth,
and cost about four thousand six hundred pounds, ex
clusive of subsequent additions.
It is a large edifice of red brick with stone dressings.
At the west end is a tower finished with a plain parapet
and pyramidieal pinnacles at the angles. The whole
edifice is built upon arches, raised seven feet above the
surface, and contains upwards of seventy vaults for
burying the dead. In each side of the church are two
tiers of seven windows, the lower small and the upper
with arched heads. The east end which has a small
projection has similar windows. The interior is neat,
it has a gallery round three sides supported by Tuscan
columns. Over the communion table at the east end is
a gallery, in which is an excellent organ, purchased in
1815. The .pulpit, and reader's and clerk's desks are
grouped in the centre aisle. The monuments are very
numerous.

THE MARINER'S CHURCH.
This church was opened for divine service, on Sun
day, June 15, 1834. It is situate on the east side of the
Junction Dock, on the site of an old dissenting chapel,
which was opened as a Mariner's Church early in the
year 1828; but being found too small for the large and
increasing congregation, it was taken down, and the
present edifice erected, which is capable of containing
about twelve hundred persons : one half of the sittings
are free, and appropriated to the use of seamen and
their families. It is in the gothic style of architecture,
but is thought an indifferent specimen of the early
English.

^

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<ui'u-nt>7.,J

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CHURCHES. 77
It is worthy of remark that this is believed to be the
first church erected in England, for the exclusive benefit
of seamen ; and to the credit of the Town of Hull, it is
recorded that with the exception of only a very trifling
sum, the whole cost was defrayed by the voluntary
subscriptions of its inhabitants. In connection with this
church there is a Sunday School ; and during the winter
months an evening school for seamen, and seamen's
apprentices, wherein they are taught reading, writing,
arithmetic, and navigation. A library is also attached
to the church. The Rev. J. Robinson, M. A. is the
minister.

SCULCOATES CHURCH.
The parish church of Sculcoates, dedicated to St.
Mary, appears to have been very ancient, and was by
the corroding hand of time reduced to such a decayed
condition, that in the years 1760 and 1761, it was taken
down and rebuilt. The living is a vicarage, valued in
the Liber Regis at £5. 6s. id. It is in the patronage
of the king.
The church, which is pleasantly situated near the
banks of the river Hull, consists of a nave and aisles,
chancel, and a neat tower at the west end; the latter is
in five stories, the last being modern. The whole is
finished with a battlement, and at the aDgles are crock
eted pinnacles. The south side of the nave has four
pointed windows, and beneath the second from the
west is a neat porch, with a raking cornice and battle
ment ornamented with pinnacles at the angles; the
same side of the chancel has a pointed doorway and a
neat window.
The east end has a pointed window of three lights,
the tracery perpendicular. The north side is similar to
the south, except in the absence of the porch ; and the
parapet of the nave and chancel is embattled and adorned
with pinnacles at the angles. Th e interior has a veryneat
appearance, the aisles are divided from the nave by four

78 PICTURE OF HULL.
pointed arches resting on circular columns ; above each
arch is a pierced quatrefoil, formerly open as a window.
At the west end of the church is a semi-circular
gallery, neatly paneled ; it was erected in 1827. The
pulpit and desks are grouped in the centre of the nave.
Under the gallery is a magnificent font of shell marble,*
it is of an oval form, and stands on an elegant pedestal
of veined marble. The monuments in this church are
both numerous and handsome. At the west end of the
church is a beautiful sarcophagus of white marble, with
a weeping female and figures emblematic of commerce ;
it is inscribed to W. Corlas, merchant, Hull, who died
October 22, 1812, aged sixty-six; also Mary, his wife,
died November 9, 1805, aged fifty-four. At the west
end of the north aisle is an elegant tablet with a basso
relievo of a shipwreck, to R. Collinson, commander of
the ship Wyton, who was wrecked off Cape Breton,
November23, 1823, aged thirty. On the north side of
the chancel is a neat tablet to Ann, wife of J. C. Parker,
Esq. who died February 11, 1808, aged twenty-nine.
In the church yard, which is spacious and entirely
filled with inscriptions, are the following: a large
vase on a large pedestal, to J. Marshall, Esq., died
December 6, 1825, aged sixty- four. At the south-west
angle of the ground, within iron palisades, is the figure
of a female, resting one hand on an urn and with "the
other covering her face; beneath is an inscription to
Sarah Isabella, wife of John Alderson, M. D. In the
same vault are also deposited the remains of the late
Dr. Alderson.
Near the church is the new burial ground, formed
about eight years ago. It contains three acres of
f round, and is surrounded by trees and a brick wall.
t is under the management of twenty-five trustees, with
the vicar, curate, and churchwardens ; and was com
pleted at the cost of nearly four thousand pounds, which
was raised by a rate levied on the parishioners. In the
centre of the cemetery stands a small but elegant
* Purchased of the Hotham family.

:--:#gifpv . , ms
.»*T't% ¦¦¦¦ " ' : ¦ ¦ t-gjJSsa iSSSI
' &M5£fo7aglf^SE

CHURCHES.

79

structure,

wherein the burial service is performed. It is erected
in the pointed style of architecture, and has on its north
and south sides, porches with crocketed pinnacles,
&c. The windows are all pointed, and at the angles are
buttresses terminating in crocketed pinnacles. The
interior is neat, the ceiling is coved, and on it is a
painting by the late Mr. Willis, representing a group
of seraphic and cherubic figures. Around the building
are seats with paneled backs, and against the walls are
several monuments.

CHRIST CHURCH.
An act of parliament for the erection of anew church
in the parish of Sculcoates was obtained in the year
1814, by which the presentation was vested in the then
subscribers of one hundred pounds, and their survivors,
until reduced to eight in number, who, with the vicar
of Sculcoates, are the patrons. Vacancies among the
eight trustees are to be filled up by the election of the
pew holders. It is called Christchurch, is situated in
Worship street, and was consecrated by his grace the
Archbishop of York on the 26th of September, 1822.

80 PICTURE OF HULL.
It will contain one thousand four hundred persons, five
hundred of whom are provided with free sittings. The
whole cost is stated as follows : —

Expense of building the church, as per contract .
Extra bills, not included in the contract, altera
tions, and additions to the original plan .
Cost of ground 
Expense of obtaining the act of parliament .
Commissioners' tax for paving ....
Sundry articles of furniture 
On account of palisades, flagging, and gravel
Fund forrepairs--say
Cost of £100 in the four per cent.
"stock  £95 11 3
In the savings-bank .... 25 0 0

£.

s. d.

5665

0 0

417

8 8

786

0 0

317

9 11

49

9 8

64

7 6

289

3 6

120 11 3
Printing, stationary, and advertisements . . . 127 0 11
Miscellaneous expenses  189 14 1
£8026 5 6

In plan, it consists of a nave, chancel, side aisle, and
a tower at the west end, all built of white brick, with
dressings and ornaments of Roche abbey stone. The
style of architecture adopted is what is termed rectilin
ear, of the early part of the fifteenth century. The
tower rises to a considerable height; at the angles are
buttresses terminating in crocketed pinnacles, and the
finish is a neat battlement. In the lower part of the
west front is a pointed doorway, and in the spandrils
are two shields, one containing the arms of the see of
York, the other those of Archbishop Vernon. The
south side of the nave is made into five divisions by but
tresses, and in the intervals are pointed windows of
three lights with trefoil heads, and a transom ; in the
sweep of the arches is perpendicular tracery. The
chancel is extremely small, with buttresses at the angles,
and a pointed window of four lights. Adjoining this
part is a small vestry embattled, with two small pointed
windows. The north side of the church is similar to
the south. The interior is neat: a gallery extends

CHURCHES. 81
round the north, south and west sides, the front is
paneled, and is supported by small columns formed
by a union of four cylinders. The pulpit and desks are
grouped in the centre aisle, and beneath the western
gallery is a neat font. An organ was erected by sub
scription in 1833, by Mr. Ward of York.
DRYPOOL CHURCH.
The old church, which was taken down in 1822, was
small, and consisted of a nave and chancel, with »
square tower at the west end. The north side of the
nave was made into three divisions by buttresses ; in the
centre division was a circular-headed doorway of Nor
man architecture, and in the others pointed windows of
two lights, with tracery in the sweep. The chancel
was small, and had a pointed window of three lights in
the east end. The south side was similar. It was
formerly a chapel attached to Swine.
The new church which was erected in 1824, is a neat
structure of pointed architecture, it consists of a nave
and chancel, (the latter terminating in a semi-hexagon)
and a tower at the west end. The latter has buttresses
at the angles, terminating in plain pinnacles. The
tower is in four stories, with a plain parapet, and at
the angles pinnacles with vanes. In the north and
south sides of the church are four lofty windows of two
lights, with a transom Under the westernmost is a
pointed arched doorway. The interior is plain, with
galleries extending around the entire building, and
supported by columns formed by a union of four cylin
ders. The pulpit and desks are grouped in the centre
of the church, and have a neat appearance. In the
western gallery, which is large, is held a national school.
The vestry occupies the lower portion of the tower,
over the entrance to it from the church is the following
inscription :
"This church was taken down and rebuilt by private sub
scription, and a grant of five hundred pounds from the society
M

82 PICTURE OF HULL.
for the promoting the enlargement and building of churches
and chapels, by which five hundred and sixty-two free and
unappropriated sittings, in addition to one hundred and sixty
formerly provided, are now obtained to the parish, and will
continue free and unappropriated for ever."
The church is a perpetual curacy, dedicated to St.
Peter, and valued in the parliamentary return at one
hundred pounds per annum. A good organ built by
Mr. Ward, of York, has recently been erected.
Near the church is a neat brick building erected in
1822, and used as a church of England Sunday-school.
ST. JAMES'S CHURCH.
The foundation stone of this building was laid on the
14th December, 1829, by the right worshipful the
Mayor, Avison Terry, Esq. in his second mayoralty,
in the presence of the corporation, the clergy of the
town, and the committee of management, &c. ; and con
secrated August 27th 1831, by his grace the Archbishop
of York. The edifice stands in the centre of St. James's
square, in that part of the town called the Pottery.
The entire width from north to south, is sixty-three
feet, the length about ninety feet. The height of the
tower from the ground, one hundred and ten feet. The
exterior walls are faced with stock bricks. The plinth
course and dressings are of Aire hill stone. T^he church
contains twelve hundred sittings, six hundred of which
are free, the remaining six hundred are let for the
benefit of the minister.
The cost of the building was about six thousand
pounds, of which his majesty's commissioners furnished
three thousand five hundred and sixty pounds; the
remainder was raised by subscription. There is an
organ erected by subscription, by Mr. Ward.
The church is a neat structure, and forms a pleasant
feature to this part of the town as seen from the Hum-
ber-dock side, the river Humber, &c.
The patronage rests in the vicar of the parish of the

CHURCHES.

83

Holy Trinity. The present vicar, the Rev. J. H. Brom-
by, A. M. with his characteristic courtesy, engaged to
nominate as the first incumbent, the person who should
be recommended to him by the major part of a com
mittee, composed of the mayor, two aldermen, and all
subscribers to the building, of thirty pounds or upwards,
this choice fell on the Rev. W. Knight, A. M., who is
the present incumbent.

DISSENTING CHAPELS.

THE UNITARIAN CHAPEL,
situated in Exchange-alley, Bowlalley lane, is one of
the oldest dissenting places of worship in Hull, and its
congregation records amongst its ministers one of the
venerable sufferers for nonconformity, during the reign
of Charles the Second, Mr. Samuel Charles, who was
ejected from his living in Derbyshire, in 1662, and
twenty years afterwards suffered an imprisonment of six
months, at the instigation of the earl of Plymouth.
In the chapel there is a valuable collection of books,
wAich were bequeathed by the Rev. Leonard Chamber
layne, to the trustees of the chapel, for the use of the
inhabitants of Hull ; it consists of many works of the
fathers, and some tare and valuable editions of the clas
sics. The Rev. E. Higginson, is the present minister.

THE SWEDENBORGIAN CHAPEL,
in Dagger lane, at the corner of Prince street, was

DISSENTING CHAPELS. 85
opened on the 21st of August, 1698, by a Presbyterian
congregation ; the ground on which the chapel stands
was given by Mr. John Watson. There is also other
property belonging to the congregation, all of which is
vested in the hands of six trustees. Some years ago, a
considerable portion of the members of this chapel be
came proselytes to the doctrine of Baron Emanuel
Swedenborg, and the property was thrown into Chan
cery, by the adherents to the ancient tenets ; it has
since been recovered, by the trustees, for the use of the
present possessors.
The Independents have chapels in Hull, the oldest
of which is FISH STREET CHAPEL,
situated in Fish street, which was erected in the year
1782, and enlarged in 1802, at » cost of about eight
hundred pounds. In 1830 it was again enlaiged and
completely repaired, at a cost of about eleven hundred
pounds. The chapel at present is a very spacious
building, capable of sealing eleven hundred persons.
The interior is very neat and is surrounded by a
gallery ; at the west end is another gallery erected above
for the use of the sunday school children, about three
hundred in number. At the east end in a recess, is a
neat mural tablet, erected to the memory of the late
Rev. George Lambert.*

* In the year 1769, the Rev. George Lambert, fixed his
residence in Hull, where he remained until his death, on the
7th. of March, 1816. During the long period of forty-seven
years, he exercised the pastoral office in the independent chapel,
first in Blanket Row and afterwards in Fish Street. A few
days prior to his death, he wrote a "Last charge," which has
since been published. In compliance with his wish, this
address was not opened until after his death, when it was read
to his late flock ; to whom it recommended, unanimity and
circumspection in the choice of a pastor as his successor. Mr.
Lambert published two volumes of sermons at York, in 1779
and 1788 ; but the excellence of his private character, and his

86 PICTURE OF HULL.
1'he Rev. Thomas Stiatten is the present pastor,
who has distinguished himself by the publication of a
work on Tithes, and the Book of the Priesthood.

PROVIDENCE CHAPEL,
situated in Hope street, erected of brick, in 1797, is
a very plain building without any pretension to architec
tural ornament The interior is commodious with a
gallery round three sides.
The Rev. John Morley is the pastor.
TRINITY CHAPEL
in Nile-street, is a neat brick building, erected in 1827,
with a gallery round three sides.
HOLBORN STREET CHAPEL
situated in the Witham was erected in 1830, it is a neat
brick building. SALEM CHAPEL.
This neat and commodious place of worship situated in
Cogan street, was erected by voluntary contributions,
for a new society belonging to the Independent or
Congregational denomination. The foundation stone
was laid on the 19th October, 1832, by James Bowden,
Esq., of this town, on which occasion prayer was offered
by the Rev. James Sibree, the present minister, and an
address delivered by the Rev. Thomas Stratten, minis
ter of Fish street chapel. It was opened July 3rd 1833.

uniform respectability in the discharge of the various duties of
his clerical life, extended his reputation far beyond the limits of
his own congregation ; and his death was made the subject of
monitory discourses from the pulpit, not only in this town but
in several distant places. Frost's address, page 43-4.

DISSENTING CHAPELS. 87
The whole cost of the building, together with the
spacious vaults and school rooms amounted to two
thousand five hundred pounds. It is capable of seating
nine hundred and fifty persons. There are about one
hundred children educated in the sabbath schools.
Accommodation is also made in the chapel for as many
of the poor as feel disposed to attend divine service.
THE TABERNACLE
in Sykes' street, the first stone of which was laid on
the 21st. of June, 1826, by the Rev. S. Lane, the mi
nister and part proprietor of the chapel, is a neat
edifice with a lantern light, and the interior has galle
ries extending round three sides of the building.
The Baptists have three chapels in Hull.
SALTHOUSE LANE CHAPEL
was built in the yesr 1757, at the sole expense of a
Mr. Spyvee. In 1790 it was enlarged, it is situated in
Chapel court, Salthouse lane.*

GEORGE STREET CHAPEL

* The Rev. John Beatson was the pastor of this congregation,

88 PICTURE OP -HULL.
in George street, was erected in 1796. The building
exhibits a neat and uniform appearance both exter
nally and internally; has a gallery round three sides,
and is neatly pewed, well lighted, and has an organ.
The first minister was the Rev.W. Pendred.

JEHOVAH JIREH CHAPEL
ill Mason street, is a neat structure erected in 1822,
with an ornamented tablet bearing the name and date
in the centre, and other ornaments.
The Wesleyan Methodists have four large chapels,
besides five smaller ones in the Pottery, Drypool, Lower
Union street, Groves, and York street, which are used
as sabbath schools, and for public service on Sunday
and other evenings during the week.
The first meeting house occupied by the Methodists
in Hull, was situated in Manor alley, in tlie tower of
the gateway leading to the De la Pole's palace, called
after the attainder of that family, Henry the Eighth's

from the time of his first coming to Hull in 1770, until his death,
which happened on the 24th of April, 1798. During the early
part of his residence here, he published several works on sub
jects connected with the duties of his sacred function. Frost's
Address, p. 42-43

DISSENTING CHAPELS. 89
tower ; after this was removed, the Methodists erected
a chapel on its site, in 1771, which being too small for
the increased congregation, was sold, and

GEORGE YARD CHAPEL
was erected in 1786. It is built of brick, with stone
dressings, and has a neat appearance. The interior is
well fitted up, and the congregation is very numerous
and respectable. There are thirteen hundred sittings,
with considerable accommodation for the poor.
SCOTT STREET CHAPEL
erected in 1793, is a plain brick building, and contains
about eight hundred sittings.
WALTHAM STREET CHAPEL,
begun in 1813, and opened in 1815, at the cost of about
nine thousand pounds, will seat about three thousand
persons, and was considered at the time of its erection,
the largest chapel in the connexion, it is an elegant
brick structure, covered with roman cement. It has a
portico of two Doric columns, and the interior is par-
N

90 PICTURE OF HULL.
ticularly spacious and elegant. The end of the chapel
terminates in a semicircular cove, with a dome and
sky-light, and on each side of the recess are composite
pilasters. A gallery extends round the entire building,
and is supported by columns in imitation of verd an
tique. The pulpit and desks are of fine mahogany,
and the whole reflects great credit on the taste of the
community for whose use it was erected. There is a
very large and superior toned organ, which was lately
erected by Mr. Nicholson, of Rochdale.
WESLEY CHAPEL,
in Humber street, was opened April 5th 1833. It is a
neat brick building with stone dressings, and a portico.
The whole is built on a similar plan to Waltham street
chapel, at an expense of three thousand six hundred
pounds, and contains about one thousand three hundred
sittings, and considerable accommodation for the poor.
Mr. Nicholson has also erected an excellent organ in
this chapel. BETHEL CHAPEL
situated in North street, Charlotte street, belongs to
the new connexion of Methodists ; it was built in 1799.
THE PRIMITIVE METHODIST'S CHAPEL
in Mill street, was erected in 1819, at the cost of one
thousand five hundred pounds.
OSBORNE STREET CHAPEL
was built by the Baptists, in 1823, in whose hands it
continued till May, 1826, when it was opened by the
church methodists. The principal difference betwixt
these and the Wesleyan Methodists is, that they do not
administer amongst themselves the sacraments of Bap-

, . f

Nlfc

¦

DISSENTING CHAPELS. 91
tism and the Lord's Supper, but receive them at the
church.

THE CATHOLIC CHAPEL.
This building is situated in Jarratt street, in the parish
of Sculcoates. It was erected in 1829, but allowed to
remain in a very unfinished state till the present year,
1834. The alterations and improvements which are now
taking place, according to the designs of J. T. Scoles,
will be completed in the course of a few months. The
front, which has assumed a bold and imposing aspect,
is of the Florentine style, but the internal decorations,
which are extremely neat and elegant, are of the Grecian
order of architecture.
THE FRIEND'S MEETING HOUSE
is in a court at No. 11, Lowgate, it was erected about
fifty years ago, and is attended by a small but respecta
ble congregation. JEW'S SYNAGOGUE
situated in Robinson row, was built in the year 1827.
Reader, the Rev. Solomon Simons. Service performed
ever)' Friday Evening, and Saturday Morning, as well
as during the festivals of Passover, Pentecost, &c.
The cemetery is on the New Hessle Road.
THE FLOATING CHAPEL
is in the Junction Dock. It is formed of the hull of
an old merchant ship, "The Valiant," of four hundred
tons burden. The object is to accommodate seamen
with a place of worship suited to their peculiar habits
of life, and it will contain from six to seven hun
dred persons, for five hundred of whom there are
n2

92 PICTURE OF HULL.
seats. It is supported by voluntary contributions,
and is under the superintendance of a committee.
The service is performed gratuitously by the Methodist,
Independent, and Baptist ministers. Instead of a bell,
a flag is hoisted to announce the time of public worship,
and two sermons are preached every Sunday, and a
prayer meeting is held every Tuesday night in summer.
In the winter season this buoyant sanctuary is well
attended by a nautical congregation, whose appearance
is clean and decent, and their conduct orderly and
exemplary. The service on Sunday commences at half-
past ten in the morning, and at half-past two in the after
noon. Mr. F. Reynolds is secretary to the committee.

Drawn,, ^-naravtd. <£ Published, by J~ QveenyrveccL, JfUU

TRINITY HOUSE.

The corporation of the Trinity house is a very ancient
body of seamen, originally instituted as a guild in honor
of the Holy Trinity, about the time of the wars in
France under Edward the Third, and since incorporated
by several royal charters for charitable and maritime
purposes, consists at present of twelve elder brethren,
six assistants, and an unlimited number of younger
brethren, all of whom are masters and pilots.
Out of the elder brethren are chosen annually, on
the first Wednesday in September, two wardens, who
are the head of the corporation for the ensuing year.
The Trinity-house, situated in Trinity-house lane,
where the business of the corporation is conducted, was
rebuilt in the year 1753, and consists of four sides sur
rounding a spacious area or court. Three sides of this
building, viz., the north, south, and east, contains thirty-
one apartments for pensioners, twenty-six of which are
for the widows of decayed younger brethren, and five
for decayed younger brethren, either widowers or
bachelors. The front is a handsome brick structure,
stuccoed in the tuscan order of architecture, with a
pediment of freestone ornamented by the king's arms,
supported by Neptune and Britannia, respectably exe
cuted by the late Mr. Jeremiah Hargrove, of this place.
On the west side are the hall, and housekeepers rooms,
with kitchens and other offices. In the hall, hangs a
curious boat taken up at Greenland, in the year 1613, by
Andrew Barker, a brother of the house, together with
the dress and oars of the man who was found in it; in
the same room is a similar boat, with the wearing apparel
&c, from Davis's Straits, where they were purchased for
the trifling consideration of a red jacket, which had attrac
ted the attention of their owner. Several other curiosi
ties are to be seen in this apartment. Over these offices

94 PICTURE OF HULL.
are several handsome apartments. The court room
contains a full length portrait of his late majesty king
George the Third, in- his coronation robes, executed
about 1775, and a splendid glass chandeleer, originally
made for Carlton palace. In the council room are
portraits of king William the Third, Alderman Ferries*
one of the elder brethren who gave the Whitefriars
estate to the corporation, Andrew Marvel], Admiral
Sir Charles Saunders, Sir George Savile, Commodore
Thompson, the author of various of our most esteemed
sea songs, and Samuel Thornton Esq., formerly M. P.
for this town. Also two excellent paintings, one by a
Dutch master, of William the Third landing at Torbay,
and the other by De Serres, of the engagement between
Admiral Hawke and M. Couplain. In another room
are portraits of Sir Samuel Standidge, Knight,
Thomas Haworth, and Francis Hall Esqrs., late elder
brethren of the house, several curiosities brought from
the south sea islands, by Captain Cooke, and various
others. In an adjoining room is a very beautiful model
of a seventy-four gun ship, made by a younger brother of
the house, also a model of the mainmast of the Victory,
the flag ship of the late Lord Nelson, at the battle of
Trafalgar, made out of a piece of the original mast and
representing its exact state after the battle.
Adjoining, on the north side of the Trinity-house
is a handsome CHAPEL,
built from the designs of the late Sir William Cham
bers, and fitted up in anelegant manner for the per
formance of divine worship, celebrated there three times
a week, and at which the pensioners in the various alms
houses are required to attend. The pews are of mahog
any, and the communion table is a fine slab of marble
supported by an eagle exquisitely carved. On one side

* This portrait was executed by Christopher Wormley, Esq.
of Riccal, near York. Biglancl, p. 523.

E-rusf & Bib^" h_y J,&re-&n-.vvv<Z-/f{u,U,.

TRINITY HOUSE. 95
of the chapel, is hung (temporarily, until a more suitable
situation can be provided) a large and highly effective
painting 17ft. by 13ft. of the battle of the Nile, at the
moment of the blowing up of the French Admiral's
ship L'Orient,* this was presented to the corporation
by the late Edward Foster Coulson Esq., of Hull.
On the north side of the chapel is an alms-house built
by this corporation about 1787. It has apartments tor-
nine decayed seamen.
In Postern gate is another alms-house belonging to
the Trinity-house, called
TRINITY ALMS-HOUSE,
builtinl828, from thedesigns of Mr. Mountain, of this
town. It consists of a centre and wings, the centre has
a Doric portico, with the triglyphs and mutules of the
order. On the top of the pediment is a figure of a
river god, representing Humber.f At the extremity
of each wing is a slight projection, and the whole is
covered with composition.
It has apartments for twenty-three decayed younger
brethren and their wives.
At the eastern extremity of Ocean Place on the
Anlaby road, is another elegant alms-house called
MASTER MARINER'S ALMS-HOUSE,
just finished also from the designs of Mr. Mountain, it
does credit alike to the skill of the architect, and to the
munificence of the corporation by whom it was built ;
which has at all times displayed the same liberality
in endeavouring to improve the character of the build
ings of the town.

* Painted by Messrs. Smirke and Anderson.
t This was executed by Thomas Earle, a young man of this
town of very .promising abilities, who has since transplanted
himself to more genial soil, he is now with Mr. Chantry of
London.

lows.In Junction Dock street is another large alms-house,
onging to the Trinity- house, called
FERRIES ALMS-HOUSE,
er an elder brother of, and a great benefactor to the
use, it is a neat brick building with stone dressings;
the pediment is a basso relievo emblematical of
nmerce. It contains apartments for twenty-one
:ayed seamen and their wives.
[n the same street a little to the southward is another
ls-house, called
ROBINSON'S ALMS-HOUSE,
ginally given to the Trinity-house in 1683, by
illiam Robinson Esq., then sheriff of the town, and
ce rebuilt by them, it contains apartments for six de-
'ed seamen, widowers or bachelors.
[n Whitefriargate is another large alms-house belong-
to the Trinity-house, built in 1781, and called the
MERCHANT SEAMAN'S ALMS-HOUSE,
ontains apartments for twenty-one infirm and worn
seamen, their wives and widows, and was formerly
intained out of the monies collected under an act called
sixpenny act, but the same being found insufficient,
Trinity-house has of late years appropriated the
ole of those monies to the relief of the out-door
sioners on their establishment, and maintained
inmates of this alms-house out of other funds.
The Trinity-house has the appointment to six of the
ins in an alms-house on the north side of the Holy
nity church, founded by Dr. Thomas Watson,
hop of St. David's, about the year 1690, they are

TRINITY HOUSE. 97
occupied by the widows of seamen, the remainder of the
rooms in this alms-house are in the appointment of the
mayor and aldermen of Hull.
In Trinity- house lane is also a
SCHOOL
established by the Trinity-house in 1787, for the educa
tion of thirty-six boys expressly for the sea service;
adjoining is a house for the master. None but the sons
of seamen are admitted, the age for admission is eleven
years, and after being clothed, and educated in reading
writing, arithmetic, and navigation for three years, they
are bound apprentice, for a period of seven, or not less
than five years. The boys are furnished with new
clothing of every description annually, and on leaving
the school at the expiration of the time, are presented
with a Bible and Prayer Book, which is renewed in
case of unavoidable loss, (on application) at any time
during their apprenticeship. We believe this school
has been productive of much advantage to the seamen
of the port, several of the most experienced ship masters
having received their education therein, and amongst
others, Captain Richard Humphreys, the enterprising
discoverer of Captain Ross and his crew, in the north
ern regions, in 1 833.
In all the alms-houses belonging to the Trinity-house,
the weekly pensions are by the increase of the revenues
of the corporation, amply sufficient for each class of
seamen and their widows placed therein, besides which
they are furnished with a sufficiency of coals and
turves ; also Medical aid, assistance, wine, and other
necessaries when sick.

CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.

HOSPITALS, &c.
"Where sickness finds relief,
Where lenient care allays the weight of grief."

One of the most interesting edifices, either as regards
its antiquity, the good it has diffused, or its great wealth,
is the

CHARTER HOUSE,
in Charter House Lane. In noticing this institution it
will be necessary to mention the priory of monks of the
Carthusian order, which existed on the site of the
present charter house.
The Meaux registers relate, that the foundation of

CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 99
this priory was laid about the year 1350, by William
De la Pole, afterwards earl of Suffolk and lord high
chancellor, and that he established a college within the
gates for six priests, who were removed on account of
their dissentions. According to alicense of foundation,
granted in the fifty-first year of the reign of Edward
the Third, the original intention of this William was to
found an hospital where the priory afterwards stood, and
leave was obtained by him for that purpose, from
Edward the Third; but subsequently changing his
design, he determined to found, instead of it, a house
for minoress nuns of the order of St. Clare. His death,
which happened in the year 1366, interrupted the exe
cution of his project; but just before his dissolution, he
verbally enjoined his son, Michael De la Pole, Knight,
and lord of Wingfield, to dispose of the building, which
had then, it appears, obtained the name of La Maison
Dieu, for such religious purpose as might, according to
his will and discretion, seem best; accordingly, on the
18th of February, 1378, Michael, by his charter of
foundation, appropriated the edifice under the name of
the priory of St. Michael, of the order of Carthusians,
at Kingston-upon-Hull, to thirteen monks of that order,
one of whom, viz. Walter de Keleby, was to be the
first prior. He endowed the establishment at the same
time with the manor of Sculcoates and other estates, in
addition to those which had already been given for its
endowment by William De la Pole, the original founder.*

* To secure that privacy and seclusion "which, by the rules of
their order, the Carthusian monks were strictly enjoined to ob
serve, the priory was surrounded with walls and gates. This
enclosure is particularly mentioned in the act of resumption of
the thirty-third Henry the Sixth, (1455,) which restrained the
mayor, aldermen, and burgesses of Hull from having or exer
cising "eny jurisdiction, auctorite, or power, within the walles
or closure of the Chartrehouse of Seint Michell beside the said
toune, nor in eny londes, possessions, or tenementes thereto
belongyng, withoute the walles of the said toune in eny man
er wyse." The same act of resumption preserved to the prior
and convent the grant made to them by the king's letters patent
of a tun of wine annually "of our almesse to be takyn and had
o2

100 PICTURE OF HULL.
The monastery flourished in riches and prosperity,
the buildings were noble and grand, with extensive gar
dens; the great chapel, where divine service was daily
said, was elegantly adorned with magnificent altars and
pictures ; and several chantries were founded by the
neighbouring nobility and merchants, which continued
to thrive till the dissolution, in 1536, when, being only
valued, according to Dugdale, at .£174. 18.9. 3d. per
annum,* it was surrendered at the suppression of re
ligious houses under two hundred pounds per annum,
in the reign of Henry the Eighth, in 1536, by a deed
under the seal of the community, in the court of aug
mentations of Westminster. The monks were turned
out in the utmost distress ; their goods were sold,
embezzled, and concealed, and commissioners were
appointed to demolish the priory, sell the lands and
tenements, and bring the price into the king's exchequer.
But the rising in the north obliged the king to restore
about thirty houses, among which was this monaster)-;
on which the scattered monks returned and re- entered
their house. But in 1538, it was finally dissolved and
pulled down to the very foundation, so that corn grew
on the spot were it formerly stood.f
According to the authority of the Meaux registers,
the hospital or Domus Dei, now vulgarly called the
Charter House, was originally founded by William De
la Pole, without the gates of the Carthusian priory
above-mentioned. From a charter of foundation and
endowment by Michael De la Pole, dated the 1st of
March, 1384, it appears that it was the avowed inten
tion of William De la Pole, his father, to found not only
an establishment for nuns of the order of St. Clare, but
also a house for the reception of a certain number of
poor persons.

by ye hondes of our Boteler of Englond for the tyme beynge."
(Dodsw. MSS. vol. lxviii. fo. 304 a.) Frost's Hist. Note p. 85.
• According to Speed, £231. 17s. 3d.
¦f The seal of this priory is engraved in plate vi. Frost's
Notices.

CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 101
In 1644, when the town was besieged, the hospital,
the chapel, and the master's house were pulled down for
the safety of the town. In 1645, Mr. Stiles the master,
was paid .£278 13s. 3d. for rebuilding the hospital.
In 1673, the chapel was rebuilt; the building, pews,
painting, &e. cost £288 lis. 9d.
In 1780, the old buildings were again tak en down and
the present edifice erected. It is a brick building, in a
plain style, suitable to its use, with wings ; in the centre
is a semi-circular porch, supported by Tuscan columns,
and on the architrave is the following inscription : —
Deo etpauperibus Michael De la Pole, Comes de Suffolk, has
aedes posuit A. D. mccclxxxiiii. Renovatas iterum auetius-
que instauratus fundatoris memoriae, D. D. Johnnes Bourne,
rector, A. D. mdcclxxx.
Above the porch is a pediment, within the tympanum
of which are the arms of the De la Poles. On the
summit of the roof is a circular turret of eight Ionic
pillars, with a dome. The interior is neatly fitted up.
The apartments for the brothers and sisters amount to
fifty-seven, of which twenty-nine are for women and
twenty-eight for men; they are all well built and
exceedingly convenient, and each individual is allowed
six shillings a week besides fuel, and medical attendance,*
with some few occasional payments. The chapel
occupies the principal part of the centre of the building- ;
it has a dome light, and is ornamented with stucco.
The pulpit is attached to the north wall, and behind it
is a niche, which serves as a sounding board. The
building immediately opposite is the masters house.t
GREGG'S HOSPITAL
is in Posterngate, and was founded by John Gregg, in
* White's enquiry into the origin and management of the
Hospitals, Alms-houses, and other charities of Kingston-upon-
Hull,p. 20, a pamphlet containing much curious information.
f The Rev. Thomas Dikes is the present master.

102 PICTURE OF HULL.
1416, for twelve poor old women, who each receive two
shillings per week, coals and turves. Mr. John
Buttery, in 1779, left by will the sum of .£346. 6s. Bd.
to be paid to the corporation of Hull, in trust, "to pay
and allow" to each of the poor people in this hospital
twopence per week, and to each of the fourteen persons
in Watson's almshouse fourpence per week for ever.
HARRISON'S HOSPITAL
on the south side of Chapel lane, was founded in 1548,
and it yields two shillings per week and a. supply of
coals and turves, to each of ten old women, there are
four more rooms added by Mrs. Fox, for inmates, who
receive the same allowance. This was the first chari
table foundation which was established after the reform
ation. It was instituted by John Harrison, aldermam
THE HOSPITAL IN SALTHOUSE LANE,
was founded by Mr. Thomas Ratcliff, it is the residence
of six poor persons, who receive from the corporation
two shillings per week, coals and turves.
WEAVER'S HOSPITAL,
in Dagger lane, was bequeathed by a weaver, who had
lived in it, to the mayor and aldermen, to be employed
as an hospital, who was unable to make any provision
for its support. It was endowed by Mr. Buttery, in
1775, and the endowment was augmented by the
corporation. It is inhabited by six poor women, who
receive two shillings and sixpence per week, coals and
turves. CROOKHAY'S HOSPITAL,
is in Vicar lane ; this house was repaired by the mayor
and aldermen, in the year 1647, and the soldiers then

CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.

103

in the town suffered to dwell in it. It has not been
appropriated to its original use since that time.*
GEE'S HOSPITAL,
in Chapel lane, affords an asylum to ten poor aged
women, who receive one shilling and twopence each per
week towards their support. This charity was founded
in 1600, by William Gee, a merchant and alderman of
Hull. LISTER'S HOSPITAL,
on the south side of Trinity church, was founded by
Sir John Lister, alderman and M. P. for Hull in 1642,
for the reception of twelve poor persons, who each
receive the weekly sum of seven shillings, and two
chaldrons of coals a year, and turves. There is also
two pounds per annum, and a house attached for a lec
turer, who reads prayers in the hospital every Thursday.

CROWLE'S HOSPITAL,

* An old house, having the character of an hospital is yet
remaining in Vicar lane.

104 PICTURE OP HULL.
in Sewer lane, was erected and endowed by GeorgS
Crowle,* alderman and merchant in 1668; it is the
asylum of fourteen poor women, who each receive an
allowance of half-a-crown per week, and a supply of
coals and turves. There is a picture in the large room
containing the portraits of the founder and his family,
the gratitude of the poor inmates of the hospital, more
marked with good feeling than wisdom, has induced
them to clean away the best part of the picture, this is
a great pity, for it exhibits even in its present state,
more than ordinary talent; this only shews the
propriety of having such things placed in proper situa
tions. The same room formerly contained other
curiosities, which were given by the founder, a chair is
all that now remains. WATSON'S HOSPITAL,
The founder of this hospital was Dr. Thomas
Watson, Bishop of St. David's about the year 1690,
it affords relief to fourteen poor people, who receive two
shillings per week, with a supply of coals and turves ;
besides six rooms occupied by as many poor, appointed
by the Trinity-house, with the same pay &c, as the
pensioners in the hospital belonging to that house.
THE CHARITY HALL,
or House of Industry; it is a spacious structure,
situated in Whitefriargate, for the reception of the
poor of the parishes of Holy Trinity, and St. Mary's,
in Hull. In the ninth and tenth years of the reign of
William the Third, an act of parliament was obtained
for erecting workhouses and houses of Correction in
Hull, for the better maintenance and employment of
* This family, as appears from De la Prvme's M. S. History
of Hull, were great contributors to the Library in the Trinity
Church, and to the Church itself.

CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 105
the poor; and under the authority of this act, the prem
ises called Charity hall, formerly used as a Cloth hall,
were appropriated to the purpose of a workhouse.
The provisions of the original act were confirmed, and
extended by an act of the eighth year of the reign of
Anne, and by two acts of the fifteenth and twenty-
eighth of George the Second, all of which were repealed
by an act passed in the fifth year of the reign of his
late majesty, (which received the royal assent on the
31st of March, 1824,) entituled, "an Act for the better
maintenance, employment, and regulation of the poor
of the town of Kingston-upon-Hull," by which forty
guardians of the poor, to be selected by the eight wards,
were constituted a corporation, by the name of the
governor, deputy-governor, assistants, and guardians
of the poor of the town of Kingston-upon-Hull. The
guardians are elected for three years, and the fine, in
case of refusal to serve, is twenty pounds ; forty pounds
for the governor, or the assistant, and thirty pounds for
the deputy governor. The parochial expenditure has
been subject to great fluctuations; from 1801 to 1808
it averaged £10,000 per annum; in 1813, it amounted
to .£17,680; inl817, to £31,200; in 1822, to £15,600;
and from the 2nd of February, 1825, to February 1 826,
to £16,279; in 1833, to 1834, £15,225. The present
building being too small for the classification of the in
mates, they have purchased ground for another building
on the Anlaby road, but are at present unable to proceed
for want of proper funds ; they are, by the old law, un
able to build until they have disposed of the old premises,
which have not yet been disposed of, nor can they
borrow more than five thousand pounds for that purpose
at any time ; it is expected the poor law commissioners
will recommend a grant for the above purpose.
SCULCOATES WORKHOUSE
is situated in Wilson's row, Wincomlee,* and is under
" Wincomlee, a street in this parish, derives its name from
p

106 PICTURE OF HULL.
the direction of a visitor and four guardians. The exr-
penditure in support of the poor of the parish of Scul
coates, from the 4th of April, 1825, to the 27th of
March, 1826, was £4708. Os. 10|d from the 8th of
April, 1833, to the 31st day of March, 1834, was
£6846. 9s. ld^

THE LYING-IN CHARITY,
was established in 1802, for the relief of poor married
women, thousands of whom have derived benefit there
from.

THE POOR AND STRANGER'S FRIEND SOCIETY,
formed in 1795, seeks out and relieves those who have
no other earthly helper. With yearly subscriptions
amounting to little more than two hundred pounds, as
many as seven hundred families are often relieved.
THE BENEVOLENT SOCIETY,
for relieving afflicted poor, is supported by the Metho
dists, who have also a Clothing Society.

the following curious circumstance :--"About seventy years
ago lived one Mrs. Reed, who kept an ale-house, and in her
cups would amuse such as frequented her house with incredible
stories, winking at the same time to her intimates, who knew
her faculty of dealing in the marvellous ; hence she obtained
the title wink-and-lie, or lee. Her house became so noted
through the town and county where it was usual for persons
to invite each other to spend the evening at wink- and -lee's,
and hear a good story, that in process of time it gave the name
to all that part of the parish, which continued after her death,
and which it still retains.'' Hadley, p. 847.

FREE SCHOOLS, &c.

In Hull, as in most other towns in England, there
are free-schools as well for the higher as for the more
humble branches of learning. Amongst these the

GRAMMAR SCHOOL,
situated on the south side of Trinity church, founded
in the year 1486, by the Right Rev. John Alcock, a
native of Beverley, and successively Lord Bishop of
Rochester, Worcester, and Ely, takes precedency. In
1587, the old structure, being at that time in a ruinous

108

PICTURE OF HULL

state, William Gee, Esq.* an alderman of Hull, opened
a subscription for erecting a new school-house, himself
subscribing twenty thousand bricks, and eighty pounds
in money for that purpose. The erections were soon
completed, , and the school-room, which is large and
commodious, is said to be one of the best in England.
The building is of two stories in height, (the upper
story was formerly the Merchant Tailor's hall, but it is
now let for a school-room) with mullioned windows of
brick ; in different parts of the building are the arms of
the town, and the date, 1583, with this curious mark.

Originally the sons of freemen received a classical
education on the yearly payment of fourteen shillings,
afterwards of twenty shillings, and lastly of one guinea,
but now there are no classical scholars. Writing and
arithmetic were introduced into this school by the late
master, and are taught at a charge of four guineas per
annum for free boys, and six guineas for the sons of
non-freemen. They are admitted at any age, and there is no
prescribed time of superannuation. This school has
one exhibition of forty pounds per annum, to any
college in Cambridge, founded by Thomas Bary,
scrivener, 1627, and augmented by Thomas Ferries,

* A portrait of this gentleman in 1568, set. 45, is in the
school-room.

FREE SCHOOLS, &C. 109
alderman, in 1630; and a scholarship, founded by
Alexander Metcalf, of twelve shillings and ninepence
per week, and rooms at Clare-hall. The present
master is the Rev. William Wilson. The masters of
this school who have been distinguished, are the Rev.
Andrew Marvell, M. A., father of the renowned patriot
of that name; John Catlyn, originally a bricklayer,
who, by the force of his genius and application, became
a great proficient in the learned languages, was first
made usher, and afterwards appointed head master.
He was, it seems, envied and depreciated on account of
the meanness of his birth, and was ultimately turned
out of his mastership. The Rev. John Clarke, M. A.,
the translator of Suetonius and Sallust ; and the Rev.
Joseph Milner, M. A., author of the history of the
Church. Amongst the most eminent men educated
here, may be enumerated Andrew Marvell, M. P. for
Hull; Thomas Watson, D. D. F. R. S ., bishop of St.
David's; William Wilberforce, Esq., M. P.; and the
Rev. Francis Wrangham, M. A. F. R. S., the learned
archdeacon of the East- Riding.
THE VICAR'S SCHOOL,
situated in Vicar-lane, was founded by the Rev. William
Mason, father of the poet, in the year 1734, in com
memoration of the revolution, and it affords education
to about fifty boys, appointed by the vicar of Trinity
Church for the time being ; but the present vicar, the
Rev. J. H. Bromby, with his usual liberality, rarely ad
mits any except such as are recommended by respectable
inhabitants of the town, and whose parents are needy
and industrious, by which means the school becomes in
reality more the property of the public than it would
have been, had the right of nomination been vested in a
committee. In addition to gratuitous instruction in
reading, writing, and arithmetic, the scholars are pro
vided with books, pens, and paper, and annual rewards

110 PICTURE OF HULL.
are given to the meritorious. The funds for the
support of the school are supplied partly by a collection
made after a sermon preached at the parish church, on
the first Sunday in December, and partly by the corpo
ration, who make up the deficiency.
COGAN'S CHARITY SCHOOL,
Salthouse Lane, was founded by William Cogan, Esq.,
alderman in 1753, for clothing and instructing twenty
poor girls, who are allowed to remain in the school
three years each. Marriage portions of six pounds are
also directed to be given to each girl, who, previous to
her marriage, has been seven years in respectable ser
vitude. This school is placed under the direction of
three trustees, being aldermen, who have the power
to increase the number of scholars according to the in
crease in the funds. In the year 1822, the number of
scholars was augmented from twenty to forty. The
annual income appropriated to the support of the
school is upwards of four hundred pounds. The
salary of the school-mistress is fifty pounds per
annum, and the annual stipend paid to the clerk of the
charity is twenty pounds.
Mr. Alderman Cogan bequeathed also, in the year
1787, a sum of money in the public funds, for the pur
pose of placing out poor boys as apprentices to mari
ners, handicraftsmen, and artisans, preference to be
given to the sons of freemen of Hull. The manage
ment of this excellent institution is in twelve trustees,
who, in addition to the expenses of binding each ap
prentice, pay to his master twenty shillings a year for
clothing, and, at the expiration of the term, present the
master with two pounds, and the apprentice with four
pounds towards his outfit in life.
THE NATIONAL SCHOOLS,
in Perrott street, Salthouse lane, were erected in 1806,

CHARITY SCHOOLS, &C. Ill
at an expense of three thousand pounds ; they afford
instruction to two hundred and seventeen boys, and one
hundred and seventeen girls, on the system of mutual
instruction, at a cost of about two hundred and seventy
pounds per annum ; which fund is supplied partly by
voluntary subscriptions, amounting to one hundred
and ten pounds a year, partly by a payment of one
shilling per quarter made by the parents of the children,
and the residue by the rents of vaults under the school
rooms. The schools are open to all denominations,
the children being allowed to attend their particular
places of worship, on a proper certificate being
produced to the committee, which is open to all sub
scribers of one guinea per annum.
THE SCULCOATES NATIONAL SCHOOLS,
in Carr street, and Nelson's square, were established in
1804, and now afford education to one hundred and
ninety-nine boys and one hundred and sixty girls.
THE DRYPOOL NATIONAL SCHOOL,
built in 1827, and raised a story higher in 1829^ has
four hundred and forty scholars, of whom two hundred
and seventy are boys, and one hundred and seventy
girls. THE CATHOLIC FREE SCHOOL
was established in 1829, under the new chapel in Jarratt
street, and is attended by about eighty-five children.
THE BRITISH AND FOREIGN SOCIETY'S SCHOOL
near the Gaol, was opened on the 5th of May, 1833.
The house was built by subscriptions and cost, with
the ground, upwards of eight hundred pounds, towards

112 PICTURE OF HULL.
which a grant was made by government of three hun
dred and five pounds. It is conducted on the system
of the British and Foreign School Society, and is cal
culated to accommodate upwards of five hundred chil
dren, that is, three hundred boys, and two hundred
girls. There is at present that number of children on
the lists, although the girl's school has never been full
at any one time. The contributors to the school are
chiefly dissenters. The education which is given,
comprises a great variety of useful knowledge, and is
justly termed a scriptural education, although no
particular creed is taught therein. The object of the
British and Foreign School Society, of which this is
a branch, is to give, at the least possible expense to the
children of the poor, a good education on scriptural
principles ; and establishments, in connexion with this
society in London, are formed in most of our great
towns, as well as in many places on the continent of
Europe. The Sunday schools of Hull are upon a large and
liberal scale, and form themselves into two grand divi
sions under the designations of "The church of England
Sunday school association," and "The Sunday school
union," both formed in 1819. The latter have sixteen
schools, and two thousand six hundred and twenty
scholars, including sixty three adults, who are taught
by five hundred gratuitous teachers.
The Misses Armistead, of Wellington-lodge, educate
at their own house, in winter, fifty girls, and provide
them each with a cloak and a neat dress.

MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS.

THE GENERAL INFIRMARY,
ranks amongst the most important monuments raised
for the purposes of benevolence in the town of Hull.
The want of a public hospital for the sick and lame
poor, had long been manifest in the place ; and in the
year 1781, a few charitable persons had a meeting and
opened a subscription for erecting and supporting a,
hospital, where the patients might have the advantages
of pure air and the skill of the ablest practitioners of
the day; likewise proper food and medicine in effecting
the recovery of the objects of their bounty. A propo
sal so laudable could not fail to meet with supporters,
a sufficient fund was soon raised, to carry their
wishes into execution. A temporary establishment
was opened in September 1782, until a more suitable
and permanent building could be prepared. Shortly
afterwards the ground situate in Prospect street (at that
time a field and a short distance from the town,) was
purchased for £550, and buildings erected upon it,
which swelled the amount to £4,126.
The Infirmary has accommodation for the reception
of seventy in-patients, and the principles on which it
is conducted are the most liberal and humane, all
distinctions of sect or party being totally disregarded ;
locality itself has no peculiar privileges, but all are
admitted whom sickness or misfortune may cause to
apply for assistance, provided they have a recommend
ation from a governor or subscriber, and when the case
does not admit of any delay, no recommendation is
necessary. The building is of brick, with stone dressings, and
Q

114 PICTURE OF HULL.
presents a very neat and uniform appearance. The
interior is remarkably well arranged. The range of
wards, open into a long, wide, and airy gallery, where
the circulation meets with very little obstruction. On
the lawn a neat stone monument,- executed by Mr.
Westmacott, jun., of London", was erected by public
subscription in 1833, to the memory of John Alderson,
Esq.,* late Physician to this Infirmary.
The following are the rules of the institution : —
I. Patients are admitted and discharged every
Thursday, by the weekly board, at the Infirmary,
between the hours of twelve and one o'clock.
II. Patients who apply for admittance into the
Infirmary, niust attend on Thursdays at eleven o'clock
precisely, to be examined by the physicians and sur
geons. III. No patients can be admitted who are able to
support themselves, and pay for their Medicines.
IV. No subscriber's recommendation can be allow
ed when the subscription is in arrear.
V. No woman in a state of pregnancy ; no person.
suspected to have the venereal disease, itch, or any
infectious distemper; no person apprehended to be
incurable, shall be admitted as an in-patient.
N. B. Persons who meet with accidents, are ad
mitted at any hour of the day or night, without a
recommendation. The total number of patients admitted since the
opening of the infirmary in 1782, is 39,855 : of whom
29,682 have been cured, and 4,102 greatly relieved.
Trivial cases from 1782 to 1833, 15,428. Vaccinated
from 1782 to 1833, 22,308.

* An engraving of the above has just been published, by the
author of this work.

MEDtCAI. INSTITUTIONS. 115
THE DISPENSARY,
for Hull and Sculcoates, derives its origin from the
exertions of some gentlemen of the faculty, and was
supported for some length of time by the contributions
of their particular friends ; but the applications for
assistance became so very numerous, that not only
were the funds exhausted, but a considerable debt
incurred, and for which, the medical gentlemen were
personally responsible; in consequence of which a
meeting of the subscribers was held at the neptune-inn,
on the 20th April, 1814, Charles Lutwidge Esq. in the
chair, a highly interesting report signed by A. Bout-
flower, M. D., as Physician to the Institution, William
Dunning as Surgeon, and Wilson and Sanderson as
Dispensers, was produced and read, when several reso
lutions tending to improve the state of the institution
were passed.
The institution consists of a President, Vice Presi
dents, Treasurer, Secretary, Committee, and the sub
scribers at large.
The Committee, consisting of twelve of the
subscribers of one Guinea and upwards, are chosen
annually, by lists delivered in by the subscribers. The
Medical Officers, Treasurer, and Secretary, are ex*
officio members of the Committee.
Benefactors often Guineas are considered as subscri
bers for life.
Every benefactor of ten Guineas, and every subscri
ber of one Guinea annually, is entitled to a vote on all
matters relative to the institution, and to recommend
ten patients within the year.
Two Physicians, three Surgeons, and a Dispenser,
are attached to this institution, who are elected by the
majority of votes, at a general meeting of the sub
scribers. Patients are admitted every day, Sundays
excepted. From the first establishing of the Dispensary for
Hull and Sculcoates, it was situated at 51, High-street,
the house of the late Sir Henry Etherington, Bart.,
«2

116

PICTURE OF HULL.

until 1833, when the present neat building was erected
near Junction Dock bridge.
The Dispensary for curing diseases of the eye and
ear, was established in 1822, by T. Buchanan, C. M.,
and is still continued at his surgery, in Myton-gate,
where patients are admitted every Tuesday and Friday.

HULL & EAST-RIDING SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
AND ANATOMY.
To place Hull on the same level as many other
towns, and to complete the list of scientific and medical
institutions, a school for teaching anatomy, and all the
branches of medical science had long been a desideratum.
In 1831, a few medical men united for the purpose of
establishing an institution, in which young men might
have all the advantages at home, which were previously
to be obtained either in the metropolis or a few pro
vincial towns, whieh would qualify them for examin
ation at the college of surgeons, or apothecary's hall,
London. The establishment of such an institution had long
been a favourite project of the late Dr. Alderson, and it
is not a little remarkable that the very first lecture in
the Hull medical school, was delivered by his son, in a
building which was erected by him for charitable pur
poses many years ago.

MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS. 117
The experiment succeeded so well that the lecturers
finding the room they occupied too small, and very in
convenient, determined to have a building better suited
to their increasing classes.
In 1832, they purchased ground in Kingston-square,
and erected the present building, which, while it is ad
mirably adapted for all their wants, furnishes an excel
lent specimen of the taste and talents of Mr. Abrahams,
architect, London, who kindly gave the design and plan.
This institution, which now has a "local habitation and
a name," is becoming daily more useful and more highly
appreciated, the great object of it being to furnish the
medical student with the means of laying the only solid
foundation, on which to raise a superstructure bene
ficial to others, and creditable to himself.*
THE REFUGE
for theinsaneis situated in Boteler-street, Cannon-street,
Sculcoates, established in the year 1814, by the late
Dr. Alderson, and Mr. Ellis, surgeon. It is capable of
containing one hundred patients. It is now conducted
by Dr. Alderson, (the son and successor of the former
gentleman,) and Mr. Casson, surgeon. The magistrates
of the East- Riding of Yorkshire, direct all pauper
lunatics to be placed here, having previously inspected
the establishment and expressed their approbation of it,
by which this part of the county was saved the expense
of erecting a pauper lunatic asylum. A considerable
portion of the building is set apart for the reception of
private patients. It is surrounded by large gardens,
and apparently very convenient for the purposes intend
ed. The proprietors. have recently fitted up Summer-
fangs hall for the reception of female patients. This
uilding is pleasantly situated on the Holderness road,
in the township of Southcoates, and is well adapted for
the purpose to which it is applied.
* The proprietors are Dr. Alderson, Messrs. Robert Cra
ven, Wallis, and Hardey.

LITERARY INSTITUTIONS, &c.
LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY,
(PUBLIC ROOMS, KINGSTON SQUARE.)
This society has been in existence about twelve
vears, having been established 6th November, 1822.
Its object is to .promote literature, science, and the arts,
for the accomplishment of which public lectures are
given, original papers are read and commented upon,
books and philosophical apparatus are collected, and a
museum is attached to the society. The first com
mittee or council consisted of the following gentlemen:
J. Alderson, M. D., President; C. Lutwidge, M. A.,
and J. Broadley, F. S. A., F. L. S., &c. Vice Presi
dents; J. Crosse, F.S.A., &c. Treasurer; R. Craven,
and R. Northen, Secretaries ; W. H. Dikes, Curator;
T. Dykes, G. Fielding, T. W. Gleadow, Rev. J. Smith,
R. Tottie, and M. T. Trigg. Originally the meetings
were held at the exchange, and two rooms in the upper
story of the building were engaged for the museum.
Subsequently the members met in the spacious room
of the Subscription Library. At that time a suite of
public rooms was suggested, a portion of which might
be appropriated to the purposes of a Philosophical
Society. In 1829, a plan was approved on behalf of
the institution, and in 1831, the society took possession
of their apartments, viz., a handsome theatre for lec
turers, a laboratory, and an extensive gallery for a
museum, one hundred and twenty-seven feet in length.
The society commenced its series of winter papers,
and conversations by the members themselves, in the
month of November, 1823, and has continued this

LITKRARY INSTITUTIONS, &C. 119
course annually, without interruption, to tbe present
period. The following synopsis will shew the nature
of the subject^ hitherto treated of and discussed, with
the names of the essayists of the various papers.
J. Alderson, M. D. {then P resident) On the Geology
of the neighbouring district — On Water and
the origin of Springs — On supplying the town
with water — On Respiration — On Music — On
the migratory habits of the Swallows, {since
dead)
G. Fielding, Senior. On the form of the urinary
calculi — On the circulation of the blood in perfect
warm blooded animals — On some of the effects of
the altered circulation of the blood upon the intel
lectual powers of Mau — A narrative 'of the suffer
ings of Seamen, from extreme cold.
W. H. Dikes. The period of the deposition of the
Secondary Rocks.
J. Murray, F. R. S. &c. On the physiology of the
Corolla of the Flower, (read by YY. H. Dikes)
W. H. Dikes. On the mental faculties of the
Brute Creation — On the history and art of En
graving — On the discovery of Fossil Bones in the
Neighbourhood of North Cliffe — On some of the
Geological features of the north of Lincolnshire —
On the inadequacy of causes at present in opeia-
tion to explain certain Geological phenomena.
J. Boyle, (Barton) On Metaphysical Science — On
the imagination and association of Ideas.
E. Gibson. The Dry Rot — On the rise and progress
of Naval Architecture — On the history and origin
of Gipsies.
J. Phillips, (now professor of King's College)
On the formation of Coal — On the digestive or
gans of Animals — On the natural history of the
British species of Triton.
R. Northen. On Magnetism — On Electro Mag
netism — On Electro and Thermo Magnetism —
On the recent discoveries in Electricity and

120 PICTURE OF HULL.
Magnetism.
Rev. G. S. Wiedmann, (Hessle) On the origin
of Alphabetic Writing — On the nature and
origin of Poetry — On the moral influence of
History.
Dr. Allen, (York) On Insanity (read by T. J.
Buckton)
T. J. Buckton. On the origin of the Americans—
On the usefulness of Philological pursuits — On
Egyptian Antiquitie s — On Commerce.
Dr. C. R. Alderson, {since dead) On the ele
mentary organs of Plants.
Rev. J. B. Emmett, (since dead) On the Solar
spots and rotation — On the relations of Gravity,
Electricity, Caloric, and Chemical attraction — On
the principles of Chemical Philosophy.
T. Dikes. On the theory of Colours — On the
properties of Oxygen — On the planets considered
as the abodes of animated beings.
Rev. W. Scoresby, (Liverpool) On Magnetism
J. L. Levison, {London) On the decay of Nations,
considered as the result of natural causes — On
the decomposition and transition of Mineral sub
stances.
J. A. Stovin, {since dead) On the delight expe
rienced in fictitious distress — On a passage in
the Iliad, B 5, Line 168.
G. H. Fielding, Junior. On Phrenology — On
the Human structure — On Vision — On the
climate of Hull.
T- Thompson. On the probable existence of certain
Animals, usually considered as fabulous — On
some popular errors relative to certain subjects in
Natural History — On Systems in Natural History.
W. Hey, {Leeds) On the philosophy of Music.
E. Buckton. On the connexion between the language
and manners of the people of England — Statistic
of south America — On the influence of manners
on Laws, and of Laws on manners — Humour —
On the humorous characters in the novels

LITERARY institutions, &c. 121
of the late Sir Walter Scott — On Ancient Ballads.
W. B. Boyce, (now in Africa) On the progress
and improvement of civilized society.
Rev. George Lee. On the advantages of a classical
education — On History — Introductory address —
Brief Notices on Knowledge, in reference to its
transit from Country to Country, with occasional
Remarks upon the Aids and Hinderances it
met with in its progress to its present state.
Isaac Lyon. On chlorine and its compounds — Ac
count of experiments on the blood of Man, &c- — ¦
On the digestive system in Man and Animals.
R. Craven. On the formation of Bone.
 IbboTson. On the moral philosophy of the
Epicureans, Peripatetics, and Stoics.
E. Heseltine, (since dead) A memoir of Wallen-
stein — On Arctic Zoology.
Rev. J. Blezard. Some observations on Mr.
E. Buckton's paper, respecting the reciprocal in
fluence of Laws and Manners — On a prologue to
a Comedy of Plautus.
C. Frost, On the passion of Love, as delineated
bv Virgil, in the character of Dido— On public
Spirit (President) — On Hull authors.*
W. Burton, (Turmer Hall) On Painting.
G. Robinson. On the comparative influence of Ora
tory and Poetry.
Leiut. L. Lewis. Remarks on the Ovah people
in 1817 — A memoir of Radama, of Madagascar.
B. Snowden. On the disuse of Latin as a Colloquial
language — On the Tides.
Dr. Blundell. On the physiology of Plants.
J. Colver. On the rise and progress of the Laws
of England.
— Gordon, {Welton) On Dietetics — On the
analogy of the structure and functions "of Animals
and Vegetables — Nature of Sound, and structure

* The paper, with additions by the author, was published by
request of the society, with an appendix by the Rev. G. Lee.
R

122

PICTURE OF HULL.

of the Ear — On the clothing best suited for the
preservation of Health, in the different periods of
Life — On the Influence of Diet in producing,
modifying, and curing the Diseases of the Human
Body.
Dr. Longstaff. On the Tides — On Medical edu
cation — On disinfectory agents — On the materiality
of the cause of Heat.
Dr. J. Alderson, On some of the properties of
Elastic Cords and Laminae — On the progress of
Science {President) — On the Figure of the Earth.
Rev. J. H. Bromby. On the derivation of the word
"York."
C. Cummins, (Leeds) On the present systems of
Musical education.
Proffessor Pryme, {Cambridge) The influence of
Manufactures and Commerce upon Agriculture.
W. Bell. On offertory dishes, used in the Romish
Church — On the proceedings against the Knight
Templars, upon the abolition of the order, in 1311 ;
and on the idol Baphomet — On the alterations
recorded concerning both shores of the German
ocean since the earliest times — On certain conform
ities between the ancient Oghams of Ireland, the
Runic characters of Scandinavia, and the arrow-
headed Inscriptions of Persepolis — On Mithras
and the Mitbriatic Mysteries.
W. Stickney, (Ridgmont) On the utility of Science
in Agricultural Pursuits.
Rev. E. Higginson. On the influence of science on
Imagination and on Poetry — Liberia philanthropi-
cally and economically considered — On the History
and Capabilities of the Drama.
H. Cooper. On the formation of the organs of
Plants — On the distinctions of species in Natural
History.
Dr. Ayre. On the legitimate objects of research in
Medical Science.
J. E. Lee. On some inscriptions on ancient tomb
stones in the Church-yard of Thoresway, Lin-

literary institutions, &c. 123
colnshire- — On the changes in Language — On
some Fossils of the Yorkshire Chalk.
T. J. Pearsall. On the phenomena of the Aurora
Borealis — On the Phosphorescence of Minerals.
Edward Wallis. On the Northern wha.e, and the
results of an examination of a Foetal whale —
Results of the Northern Whale Fishery, (in
reference to the prizes offered by J. V. Thomp
son, Esq.)
R. Addams, {London) On the undulatory theory of
Light — On tbe Phenomena of Exosmose and
Endosmose.
Rev. J. Bowstead. Practical observations on
Bees.
— Milner. On Stone Arrow Heads.
T. Thompson. On the Behemoth and the Leviathan.
R. Nohthen. On Thermometers.
J. Scott. On the Varieties in form and Structure
of the Teeth of Mammalia, and their adap
tation to the wants and habits of the Individuals.
THE MUSEUM,
attached to this Society, contains a good collection of
fishes well stuffed and arranged, and also of Crustacea.
A good collection of Geological specimens, although
but few are at present displayed, for want of appropri
ate funds, which also prevents the exhibition of a
fine series of shells and botanical collections.
The miscellaneous specimens are interesting, among
them are several articles presented by the honorary
members of the Society, Captain Ross, and Captain
James Ross, who has given a white arctic fox, and a
white arctic hare, shot by him near the Magnetic Pole,
which were with him when taken up by the Isabella
of this port.
In the department of comparative anatomy are sever
al good skeletons, especially one of a Tunny Mackerel,
nine feet long, which probably is not exceeded in inter
est by any of the skeletons in the possession of local
societies.
r2

124

PICTURE OF HULL.

Among the objects peculiar to the locality of .Hull,
are many specimens of the remains of the submerged
forest at Sutton, and Wawnenuts wood, &c.
A Turtle which was taken alive near Paul, (three or
four miles east of Hull) probably the first recorded
instance of one being taken alive in England.
A large Basking Shark, taken in the Humber above
the town of Hull.
A Foetal Whale, considered the largest ever brought
to this country, it is five feet long.
Very fine casts of the Fossil remains of animals of a
former World. Icthyosaurii, Plesiosaurii, Megathe
rium, &c.
This museum is supported by the Philosophical
Society, but the freest access is given to the public,
and especially to strangers. Several thousand persons
are admitted annually; it is therefore to be hoped the
liberal public spirit of the Society will be as much ap
preciated by our townsmen, as it has been by tbe nu
merous visitors. Perhaps it is also worth mentioning,
that for several years past there has not occurred a
single instance of damage to the specimens, many of
which are nearly unprotected. Mr. T. J. Pearsall is
the Keeper. WALLIS'S MUSEUM,
in Mytongate, was principally collected by the late
George Wallis, an ingenious and eminent gunsmith, of
this town, and augmented by different members of his
family since his decease. It consists of a vast collec
tion of natural and artificial curiosities, amongst
which is a quantity of guns of various descriptions, and
curious pistols, exhibiting the progressive improvement
in the fabrication of these destructive weapons from
the time of their first invention, to the present time ;
also a great variety of other warlike instruments,
spears, swords, daggers, &c, in particular we may
notice a sword of Henry the Eighth. The blade and
hilt are richly inlaid with gold ; on one side of the

£>>aim. fi'Ltmvni * AiMit/tta. iy J". Gre&woed*. J, 3<>w/aJJ*y Xan*.^tJl

LITERARY INSTITUTIONS, &C. 125
blade is represented the taking of Bologne, on the
other a long inscription relating thereto. And another
basket hiked broad sword, the hilt of which is curious
ly chased; the blade is engraved and gilded, with the
arms of this town, and bears the date 1461, it was
formerly in the possession of the Hotham family.
There is also a large assortment of spurs, amongst
which is a pair from the north of Africa, inlaid with
silver, they are very heavy and armed with a sharp
spike, nearly as thick as a persons finger, and about
four inches long ! and a large ancient cast iron stirrup,
said to have belonged to the abbot of Kirkstall. Here
is also a quantity of armour, and various kinds of
helmets ; also a large collection of medals and coins,
with shells, minerals, Roman urns, &c, the latter
found in Holderness. The whole is well worthy of a
visit. Besides this museum, and the one belonging to
the Literary and Philosophical Society, there is another
in this town, but it consists principally of a large col
lection of animals, birds, insects, &c, collected and pre
served by Mr. Dunn, of George-street, where they
may be seen.
There axe also several private museums of natural
curiosities in Hull, that belonging to Mr G. H. Field
ing, we take the liberty of particularly noticing, as
containing some rare and curious specimens connec
ted with natural history.
MECHANIC'S INSTITUTE.
This excellent institution was founded at Hull in the
year 1825, by a few individuals, amongst the most
active of whom were the late Dr. Alderson, Daniel
Sykes, Esq., M. P., and J. Crosse, Esq., as well as
the Rev. G. Lee, Mr. Barnby, Mr. Jaques, and
others, whose exertions still continue to benefit
an establishment, which now far exceeds in popu
larity and usefulness, what its most sanguine projec
tors could have anticipated. The members then held
their meetings in Parliament-street, where they rented

12G PICTURE OF HULL.
three rooms, but from the . rapidly increasing number
of subscribers, both proprietary and apprentice, much
inconvenience was felt for want of a building. The
first address to the members was given by the late Dr.
Alderson, as President, on the 1st of June, 1825, at
the large Exchange room.* Lecturers engaged by the
Committee, were also heard at the Minor Theatre.
During the year 1829, the late Dr. Alderson laid the
first stone of the handsome and commodious building
in Charlotte- street,! where there is ample room for all
the purposes of imparting that instruction for which
these institutions are so eminently calculated. On the
ground floor is an extensive lecture room, (fitted up
with a gallery) capable of accommodating from five to
six hundred persons, a Committee room and laboratory.
The library and reading room are on the second floor ;
the upper story consists of a large school room, where
classes for the study of chemistry, anatomy, writing,
arithmetic, drawing, &c. are held during the winter.
Since the death of those deeply lamented individuals,
Dr. Alderson, and Daniel Sykes, Esq., the members
have evinced their esteem and respect for their valued
services and patronage, while at the same time they paid
a lasting testimonial in memory of departed worth, by
erecting in their lecture room, two statues of these
excellent men. That of Dr. Alderson was executed
in Roche Abbey Stone, by Mr. J. Earle, a native
of this town, a self-taught sculptor: he however
received his first lessons in modelling, at this institution.
The statue of Daniel Sykes, is in white marble, and
executed by Mr. Loft, also a native of Hull.
' It would be departing from the object of a work of
this nature, to enter into the respective merits of these
works of art, suffice it to say, that they are highly

• Three hundred copies of this address were gratuitously
distributed amongst the members by Dr. Alderson.
f The present building was opened in June, 1830, and cost
nearly two thousand pounds, the design was gratuitously given
by Mr. C. Mountain, Jun. architect, of this town, but now of
Mal ton.

LITERARY INSTITUTIONS, &C. 127
creditable to the talents of each artist, and are both
characteristic likenesses.
The present President, J. V- Thompson, Esq., F.
S. A., is a most munificent patron of this institution :
he presented to the Society a splendid picture, by
H. P. Briggs, R. A., representing the Romans teach
ing the ancient Britons the mechanical arts.* This gen
tleman" continues, by valuable gifts, &c, to excite the
emulation of the junior members, and in every way to
render most valuable and important services to them.
The management of the affairs of the institution, is
by a President, two Vice Presidents, Treasurer, two
Secretaries, and twelve Directors. From the com
mencement of November to the end of March, gratui
tous lectures are delivered by the members every
Thursday evening: they have also the advantage of
hearing annually one course of lectures, by a professed
Lecturer. The library contains upwards of fifteen hundred vol
umes, of sterling worth, principally on science and art,
natural history, biography, voyages, &c, &c. About
twenty-five pounds are annually expended in the pur
chase of approved periodicals, and although the number
of members is nearly seven hundred,t so exemplary ha3

• "This picture represents a Roman unfolding to someBritons
an architectural elevation, whilst a scowling Druid is overlook
ing them, with a sinister expression of countenance well con
trasting with the open confiding expression of the half-kneel
ing Britons.
The object of the painter, was to harmonize and connect in
one picture, barbarism and the highest stage of refinement,
these are the two distinct ideas in the artist's mind, and we
think he has adopted the best mode of representing them on
canvas". Library of the Fine Arts.
¦f Honorary members including life, and subscribing 70
Proprietory Members  460
Apprentice do  150
680
TERMS OF ADMISSION TO THE MECHANIC'S INSTITUTE,
Proprietory members. Entrance  7s. 6d.
 Annual subscription ..80

128 PICTURE OP HULL.
been their carefulness, and so praiseworthy the attention
of the librarians, that there has not been a single volume
lost from the library since its first establishment.
On the building there is a fixed debt of eight hun
dred pounds, bearing Interest at 4£ per cent, and a
floating debt of three hundred pounds at 5 per cent,
making an annual payment of fifty-one pounds in the
shape of Interest. Twenty pounds a year was put in
the Saving's Bank, to constitute a sinking fund for the
liquidation of the debt of three hundred pounds. These
payments being found to cramp the extentof the useful
ness of the institution, it was resolved that a Bazaar
should be held to assist in paying off the latter debt: to
the formation and success of this Bazaar, Mrs. Vincent
Thompson patroness, the honourable Mrs. Bielby
Thompson, Mrs. D. Sykes, and several other Ladies
very greatly contributed ; as was expected, very great
advantage and assistance was derived therefrom.
It was held during the Festival week, in September,
1 834, the net proceeds amounted to one hundred and
forty-one pounds.
The inhabitants of Hull enjoy the inestimable ad
vantage of two good public subscription libraries.
The first was instituted on the 6th of December, 1775,
and called the

HULL SUBSCRIPTION LIBRARY,
but the foundation stone of the present building, in Par
liament street, was not laid till the 21st of June, 1800.
The library possesses a spacious reading room which
is open to the subscribers, amounting to four hundred
and seventy- five in number, every day; and the collec
tion of books,- which comprises about fifteen thousand

Apprentice members. Entrance  2s. Od.
 Annual subscription . 4 0

LITERARY INSTITUTIONS, &C. 129
volumes, is said to be the most extensive between the
Humber and the Tweed.
Great facilities have been afforded for consulting
the books in this library, by an excellently classified
catalogue,* published a few years ago. The subscrip
tion is twenty-five shillings per annum, yielding a gross
revenue, with other contingencies, of about seven hun-
red pounds a year. The concerns of the institution are
managed by a committee of twenty-one, chosen yearly,
with president, treasurer, librarian, and sub-librarian.
The library is open daily, from ten o'clock in the
morning to six in the evening.
THE LYCEUM LIBRARY,
established in the year 1807, is also situated in Parlia
ment street, (but the subscribers have a neat ornamental
building now in the course of erection, adjoining the
Dispensary,) is conducted on a similar plan to the
above; it is supported by the annual subscriptions of
two hundred and forty-three members, at twelve shil
lings and sixpence each. This library has similar
officers to the one last described. There are upwards
of one thousand complete works in the library, besides
a large quantity of pamphlets, &c. in all about five
thousand volumes.

* The following is a testimony of this work, by the celebra
ted bibliographer the Rev. Thomas Hartwell Home, addressed
to Charles Frost, Esq. of this town. --"The catalogue of the
Hull Subscription Library is one of the most valuable classed
catalogues, for its size, which has been offered to the public.
Mr. Clarke has been eminently successful in tracing out the
real names of the authors or editors of anonymous and pseu
donymous works ; and the labour he must have encountered
in this part of his undertaking, can only be appreciated by
those who have been obliged to spend many a weary hour in
similar researches. The catalogue of the Hull Library is one
of the very few modern catalogues which I constantly have at
hand, at the British Museum, for reference ; and rarely indeed
am I disappointed when Ihave occasion to refer to it."
s

MUSICAL INSTITUTIONS,

Hull, as a musical town, has laboured under consider
able disadvantage, from having had no place in which
concerts on a respectable scale could be given, until the
building of the Public-rooms, in Kingston- square ;
notwithstanding this, music has been cultivated in pri
vate to a very great extent ; and at the present time,
no provincial town, excepting perhaps Manchester,
possesses a greater number of talented amateurs, either
in the vocal or the instrumental departments.
The principal musical societies in the towD, are the
Choral, and the Philharmonic.
THE HULL CHORAL SOCIETY,
was established in 1 824. This institution has been of
great service to the musical talent of the town, by
affording to students the opportunity of practising the
best compositions, especially of the old masters. Occa
sional oratorios and concerts are given to the public
by its members, at a very moderate rate of admission.
This society is greatly indebted to J. Crosse, Esq.,
who filled the office of conductor for a length of
time with the greatest assiduity and ability. This
gentleman also wrote an elaborate and critical work on
the second York Festival, from which the Harmonican,
and other musical works have extracted largely at
various times. He also wrote the words to Haydn's
German hymn, "Lord of Heaven, and Earth, and
Ocean," as performed at the York Festival, and at the
late one at Westminster; this beautiful composition
was introduced by him in its present state to England,

MUSICAL INSTITUTIONS. 131
the original score in the hand-writing of Haydn, having
been presented to him by Madame Catalani.
In June 1833, the new Music-Hail was opened by the
twenty-fifth Yorkshire Amateur Musical Meeting,
there held for the first time in Hull. This meeting
was successful in every respect, being most numerously
attended, and the concerts eliciting universal satisfaction.
A new and powerful impulse appears to have been given
to the musical taste of Hull at this time, marked by the
establishment of a new institution, which we shall next
describe. THE HULL PHILHARMONIC SOCIETY,
was formed by a body of the principal Gentlemen Ama
teurs in Hull and its Vicinity, with a view chiefly to the
cultivation of instrumental music. Mr. Thirlwall, a
celebrated violinist, was appointed its leader ; the best
.professional performers in the town engaged; and a
quantity of the finest modern music procured from the
Continent. During their first season, several pieces
were obtained and presented to the musical world,
entirely novel, having never previously been performed
in this kingdom. The private meetings of this Society
are of a pleasant social character, and during tea,
which is provided on these occasions, glees and
catches are sung. In the winter season, regular
dress concerts are given, to which the friends of
the subscribers are admitted by ticket; at each
concert some celebrated performers, vocal or instru
mental, have been engaged; and from the spirit evinced
by the conductors of this Institution, in all their ar
rangements, the best results to the cause of music
may be anticipated. A large and highly respectable
list of subscribers was speedily obtained by this Society.
Besides the Philharmonic and Choral meetings, a
great number of concerts have been given since the
opening of the Public Rooms, at which, many eminent
continental performers have appeared; and by the en
couragement afforded, together with the prompt manner
s2

132 PICTURE OP HULL.
in which the guarantee fund was made up for the Grand
Musical Festival ; * Hull bids fair to stamp its char
acter as a first-rate musical town.

* Held in the Church of the Holy Trinity, "on the
24th, 25th, and 26th, of September, 1834; in aid of the
funcl for the much desired completion of the great east window
in that stately edifice. The arrangements for the festival
were on a magnificent scale, and the performances went off
with the greatest eclat. We are sorry to state however,
thatthe object of its promoters was not achieved; and that
the receipts did not amount to much more than the expenses.

PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &c.

THE PUBLIC ROOMS,
situated in Jarratt-street and Kingston-square. The
first stone of this building was laid on the 28th of
June, 1830, by the late John Broadley, Esq. ; in the
presence of the members of the various literary and
scientific institutions of the town, &c, and a vast con
course of people. The town of Hull had long felt the
want of a suit of rooms where large public meetings
might be held, and accommodations given for concerts,
lectures, and exhibitions, few towns of the importance
of this had less facilities for these objects, until the
present elegant suit of rooms were erected. The buil
ding, which is in the Grecian Ionic style of architecture,
is constructed entirely of brick, with the exception
of a portion of the external decorative parts, such as
the caps and bases of pillars, pilasters, &c, the whole
is covered with composition. The west front which
faces Kingston-square, forms the main entrance to the
edifice. The south front, towards Jarratt-street, is of
a corresponding style of architecture to the western
front. The eastern end of the building adjoins the
Sculcoates public hall, and the northern side being out
of view, exhibits no architectural ornament. The
extent of the entrance front is seventy-nine feet, of the
southern front one hundred and forty-two feet. The
basement story is appropriated to a variety of purposes.
The principal floor contains the room appropriated for
public . meetings, for concerts, &c, which, from its
height, also extends through the floor above. Its di
mensions are ninety-one feet six inches, by forty-one
feet; its height forty- feet. The entrance vestibule to

134 PICTURE OF HULL.
the great room, is forty-one feet by sixteen and a half,
and there is a ladies' room attached, of eighteen feet
by twenty-three. The dining room also on the same
floor, is forty-eight feet by twenty-four; of thedrawing
room also on the same floor, the dimensions are forty
feet by twenty-four. The committee room is sixteen
feet by ten, with a separate entrance on the south side,
ten feet in width. All these rooms have communica
tion with the large room. The main staircase is twen
ty-four feet by fifteen. The third story contains the
lecture room, which is forty-one feet by forty-five,
adjoining to which is the lecturer's room, and a large
closet for apparatus, &c. The museum is situated on
this floor, and occupies that part of the building fronting
Jarratt-street, extending nearly the length of the build
ing. It is lighted from the roof, and its dimensions
are one hundred and twenty-seven feet by twenty- four
feet, the two latter rooms are occupied by the Hull
Literary and Philosophical Society.
All the rooms are heated with hot air.
The building was erected from the designs of Mr.
Mountain, but were finished under the direction of
Mr. Abrahams, of London. THEATRES.
The earliest notice we have of Theatres in Hull,
occurs in 1598, when a severe order was made against
"The strolling companies of comedians," who were
represented as a set of vagrants, of the most pernicious
kind, which goes on to say "Neither man nor woman,
shall at any time resort to, or be present at, any play or
interlude, upon pain that every such person offending
therein, shall forfeit for every such time and offence,
the sum of two shillings and sixpence." "By this we
may observe the great difference of opinion, between
those days of dark superstitious bigotry, and the
present times of enlightened literature. * The Theatre
* Hadley, p. 100.

PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &C, 135
at that time stood in Whitefriargate, at the end of what
is still called play-house entry. In 1767, the theatre
stood in Lowgate; just behind the spot where it was, is
George yard chapel, with a passage to go up to it. "In
1771, the Rev. Mr. Rutherford, formerly a coachman
in London, actually converted the pit into pews, and
the boxes were assigned for those, who love to sit
in the high places in the synagogue. This provident
gentleman told the manager, over the bottle, to which
he had no aversion, that he wanted a collection to
put chase candlesticks, and there being some brass rims,
which were useless when the new mode of lighting the
stage took place, he offered them to him.
As they were at York, the manager received a letter,
which is so strongly characteristic that we shall insert
a copy of it."* To Tate Wilkinson, Esq.
"Dear Sir, As your engagements and mine run counter, I did
not know when to wait on you as to a proper season ; and
therefore as you were so good and sympathising, to act from
such a noble spirit of humanity to the distressed, as proposing
to take a pew in my chapel in Lowgate ; I shall leave these
four best pews to the generosity of the persons that engage j
so whoever leads the way, will be a pattern for the others.
I verily think without the least flattery, that your encourage
ment of such things, will be such an honour to the stage,
and bespeak the fame of the Comedians, more than that of
Alexander the Great's. I shall be glad to know what place
you fix on, and when I shall wait on you, and whether the
candlesticks are come. May heaven load you with all
kind of blessings for time and an unseen world.
From your Humble
And much Obliged Servant,
Robert Rutherford."
Hull, Jan. 10th., 1771.

Hadley, p. 695.

136 picture of hull.
After this a theatre was built in Finkle street by
subscription, and by Mr. Tate Wilkinson, tbe patentee,
about 1768. Soon after the erection of the theatre in
Humber-street, this was pulled down, and nothing now
remains except the green room, and dressing rooms ;
on some of the squares of glass in the windows yet re
maining, are to be seen the autographs of several
distinguished actors of their day, amongst others,
Miss Decamp, (now Mrs C. Kemble) S. M. Knight,
W. Denman, &c. Many great names may be men
tioned as connected with this theatre. The first dram
atic production of J. P. Kemble, was here brought out,
the play of "Belisarius." It was one of the nurseries
of the genius of Mrs. Siddons, and has been the scene
of many an effort of young aspirants to dramatic honors,
Mrs. Inchbald and Mrs. Jordon, Messrs. Mathews,
Elliston, Emery, and Knight, were, in their early days,
there. Indeed it is generally believed that Mr. Tate
Wilkinson, the eccentric and respected manager, was
most successful in introducing to the stage, talent
worthy of it ; the names already mentioned amply bear
out the opinion. THE THEATRE-ROYAL,
in Humber-street, was erected in 1809, and is decidedly
one of the handsomest and most convenient provincial
theatres in the kingdom. It is erected upon what was
formerly designated the Fore-shore, over which the
tide washed twice in every twenty-four hours ; the in
dustry and skill of man having rescued a large portion
of this ground from the visitation of the river Humber.
The house is calculated to accommodate a very large
audience The architect was Mr. Mountain, of this
town. In this part of the town are also two Minor theatres.

PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &C. 137
THE MARKET PLACE,
in old deeds; was called High-gate ; on one side stood
a great old house, called Club Hall, the sign of the
seven stars. There was a handsome market cross of
free-stone, taken down many years ago ; also a Charity
Hall, where the children used to work. In 1734, the
fine equestrian
STATUE OF KING WILLIAM THE THIRD,
was erected by subscription, at the cost of £893 9s.
lifcd. It is situated near the south end of the Market
place, and was designed and executed by Mr. Schee-
maker. It is allowed to be one of the best erections of
the kind, in the kingdom; the figures, both of the
monarch and the horse, are easy and graceful, and are
covered with leaf gold ; which has lately been renewed.
On the pedestal is the following inscription: .
"This statue was erected in the year 1734, to the memory of
King William the Third, our great deliverer."
It was originally railed round in a large square, but
the stones of the railing obstructing the carriages, the
corners were cut off, and it remained an octagon for
sometime; but it was still too large, and was re
duced to its present state. Under the foot of the
horse was a thistle, which was stolen, as is said, by
the Jacobites, who could not bear to see the horse of
the king that superseded James the Second, trample
on the national emblem of Scotland.
Near the Market-place, are the
SHAMBLES,
a neat building. In the year 1806, the guild hall,
situated in the Market-place, which had fallen into a
state of dilapidation, was removed, and the present

138 PICTURE OF HULL.
commodious and well ventilated shambles, were erected
on its site;* part of which is occupied for the Cork
Market, where corn is sold by sample, on the
Tuesdays and Fridays. The centre of the other part
has lately been covered in, for the use of the people
resorting to this market, for the sale of butter, eggs,,
poultry, &c.

THE EXCHANGE,
in Exchange alley, Bowlalley lane, holds a respectable
rank among the institutions of Hull. Till the year
1794, the town was destitute of this important requisite
for a commercial place ; the building in the High-street,
erected by the merchants! as an exchange and custom

* It is asserted that there are about five thousand beasts-
one thousand one hundred calves, and twenty-five thousand
sheep and lambs, annually slaughtered in this town.
t It was begun in 1619, and finished in 1621. The merch
ants contributed five hundred pounds ; but the king allowed a
fifth part, on condition of having rooms for the business of
the customs.
Behind this was the great Weigh house, erected in 1389, in
the reign of Richard the Second, built on prodigious piles over
the haven, for the weighing of lead, wool, and other goods that
came into the Humber, which was very advantageous to the

Brvtwrz.Jlnqjraved, St. Published, by J &reen-W0Pd J£vui\l

PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &C 139
house, and used by them for many years, having been
neglected, and subsequently used wholly by the customs.
The merchants of Hull are therefore under obligations
to the late Mr. William Bell, by whose enterprise and
public spirit, this gratifying and beneficial medium of
general intercourse and free communication was afford-
•ed. Over the exchange is a news room. In 1820, this
establishment, which is supported by subscription, was
greatly improved and ornamented; the exchange room
is handsomely coloured in imitation of stone, and the
news room is supported by two fine Doric pillars,
dividing the exchange into two walks, which are en
tered by a handsome portico, erected in front.
CUSTOM HOUSE.
On the south side of Whitefriar-gate i3 a large building
of red brick, with stone quoins and dressings, now
occupied as the Custom house for the port of Hull.
It was originally built by the corporation of the Trinity
house, for an inn, with a room for public entertain
ments, fifty-two feet long by twenty-four feet wide,
and twenty-two feet high. This is now the long room
for the transaction of the general official business of
the Custom house. The building also affords spacious
and appropriate offices in every department, with ex
tensive king's warehouses. THE DOCK OFFICE,
is situated at the north end of High-street, near the
Old Dock bridge, where the business of the Dock
company is transacted. It is a neat brick building with
stone dressings.
corporation, when the charter of foreign bought and foreign
sold wool was in force ; it was worth to tile town one thou
sand pounds per annum, a prodigious sum in those days ; but
this privilege, on the determination of a suit, is said to have
been pronounced illegal, and was abolished.
t2

140 PICTURE OF HULL.
THE PILOT OFFICE,,
is a modern lofty brick building, situate at the corner
of Queen -street and Nelson- street, opposite the Ferry
boat dock. This establishment is under the direction
of commissioners, appointed by, and acting under, the
Humber pilot act. It is well conducted ; and the prin
cipal members of the corporation, a selection from the
wardens of the Trinity house, and a respectable body
of merchants, form the list of commissioners.
The pilots attend the observatory by turns, from six
in the morning to nine in the evening, from the vernal
to the autumnal equinoxes ; and the remainder of the
year, from nine in the morning to six in the evening.
There is a commodore of the pilots, who are forty-six
in number.Opposite the Pilot office is an elegant Ionic pillar,
of cast iron, for the purpose of lighting the ships into
the harbour; this pillar rises twenty feet from the
ground to the top of the capital, and is surmounted
with a smaller pillar, three feet six inches high ; on the
top of which is placed an hexagonal lantern, with an
argand light and reflector, six feet in height.
THE POST OFFICE,
is at the end of The Land of Green Ginger, and Bowl-
alley-lane ; and near this is the Excise Office.
THE MERCHANT SEAMEN'S REGISTER OFFICE,
in Minerva terrace, is kept by Mr. J. F. Bell, and was
established in 1824, under the sanction of the Hull ship
owner's association, for the purpose of assisting seamen
in procuring employment, and masters in obtaining
good crews. THE HULL GUARDIAN SOCIETY,
for the protection of trade, was established May 3rd.,

PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &C. 141
1827. Its principal object is for the mutual "protection
against swindlers, sharpers, and common informers,
and for taking cognizance of other matters affecting
the general interests of trade." The members pay
annual subscriptions, which are expended in opposing
fraudulent debtors, who wish to take the benefit of the
Insolvent Act, and in exposing other impositions. The
committee sit monthly, to receive and examine tho in
formation laid before them by any of the members,
Mr. Thomas Saxelbye is the secretary ; the transac
tions of the society are communicated to none but
members. THE HUMBER LODGE
of free and accepted Masons, in Osborne-street, is a
modern building, erected in 1827, the exterior is plain
and neat, the interior is highly ornamented, and contains
an excellent organ; the building is freehold, and the
property of the members ; attached to it is a masonic
fund of benevolence, on the principles of a benefit society,
which is in a flourishing state ; the regular lodge nights
are the first and third Tuesdays in every month, and
the royal arch chapter, the last Friday in every month.
The Minerva Lodge is in Prince-street.
There are in this town seven commercial Banks,
besides the

SAVINGS' BANK.
This institution was established in the year 1818.
The business was conducted for some time, in a room
over the old Corn-Exchange, Market- Place, afterwards
in Bowlalley- lane, and in 1829, the present handsome
and commodious offices were erected in Postern-gate.
The institution is under the management of a Patron,
President, six Trustees, and sixty Directors. The
present patron is P, B. Thompson, of Escrick Park,

142 PICTURE OF HULL.
Esq., M. P., and the President is the right worshipful
the Mayor, for the time being.
Up to the 20th of November, 1833, the total number
of depositors since the commencement of the institution,
was 12,347 of whom 7,364 had withdrawn their depos
its, leaving 4,983 accounts open at that time. £ s. d"
The total amount deposited was  604,574 6 2
The total amount of Interest allowed was. . 72,124 14 8
Making the sum placed to the credit of the
depositors  £676,699 0 10
The entire amount withdrawn by the depositors
up to that time, was  519,734 8 7
Leaving the 6um due to the depositors. . , .£156,964 12 3
There are four flourishing branches connected with
the institution: — at Welton, Barton, Driffield, and
Market Weighton ; and there is a school in Waltham
Street on the British system, under the direction of the
managers, for the education of the children and grand
children of depositors, or of children who are them
selves depositors.
The Bank is open for receiving and paying money,
on Tuesdays from Eleven to One o'Clock at noon, and
on Saturdays from Six to Eight in the evening.
THE MANSION HOUSE,
or Guild Hall, is in Lowgate. Formerly an ancient
structure, bearing this designation, stood on the site of
the present shambles, but, having fallen into a state of
dilapidation, it was taken down and the present build
ing purchased; in the rear of which a handsome
court-house and offices have been erected, also a
commodious building for the court of requests. It is
a perfectly plain edifice of brick.
The courts of law in Hull, are the court of requests,
originally established in 1761, for the recovery of debts
not amounting to forty shillings, but, by an act in 1808,
extended to five pounds. The county court for holding

PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &C. 143
pleas of replegiarum. The court of venire for deter
mining civil causes, has a jurisdiction extending to the
town and county of Hull, and sums can be recovered
exceeding forty shillings; this court is held before the
mayor and the sheriff, and the rules and practices of the
court resemble those of the court of King's Bench.
Formerly, the assizes for the town and county of
Hull were held in this place, sometimes septennially, and
at other times triennially, or annually, when capital
punishments were inflicted; but the unfrequency of
these gaol deliveries became an evil of so great a mag
nitude, that an arrangement was made for the more
speedy administration of justice ; civil suits, capital
offences, and misdemeanors are now removable to the
assizes at York, on the application of either of the
parties, which application always takes place. The
last assizes held in Hull was on the 31st July, 1794,
and the last public execution in the summer of 1778.
The quarter sessions of the peace are held at the regu
lar period, in the Guild Hall.
THE NEW GAOL
and house of correction, built in Kingston-street, on
the Humber bank, at the cost of about twenty two
thousand pounds. The plan is similar to other modern
prisons. This prison is conducted on the penitentiary
system recommended by the philanthropic Howard;
the prisoners are classed according to their sex, age,
and degrees of delinquency; and employed by task
masters according to their abilities in the mechanical
arts, or at the tread mill.
The present building is found inadequate to this
classification, the magistrates have made a presentment
and no doubt the present prison will soon be enlarged.
Two wards are set apart for males, and one for fe
male debtors, and the whole of the buildings are so
constructed, that the governor's house commands a
view of every avenue and court.
The centre building is octagonal, with a sunk area,

144

PICTUHK OF HULL.

and round it are disposed five large buildings with
double yards. In the centre of each is a pump, with
soft and hard water, and the fittings up of the wards
are excellent. The entrance is neat, with pilasters and
a pediment, and the whole reflects great credit on the
architect, J. Fox, Esq.
The old gaol was a large brick building with stone
dressings, in Castle street. It was vacated in 1829,
and afterwards taken down.
The old house of correction in Fetter-lane, is now
used only as a lock-up house, for the temporary con
finement of persons before their examination by a
magistrate. Mendicity has been considerably checked in almost
every great town in the kingdom, and imposition and
crime diminished, by the institution of Vagrant Offices.
THE VAGRANT OFFICE
of Hull, was established by a meeting of the inhabitants,
held at the Guild Hall, on the 1st of February, 1819;
this office is situated in Quay-street.
SCULCOATES MANSION HOUSE
adjoins the Public-rooms. The entrance has four
Doric pillars with the proper entablature. The inte
rior is neatly fitted up, for the use of the magistrates,
and the commissioners for regulating the affairs of the
parish of Sculcoates. Petty sessions, for the district of
Hunsley Beacon in the East-Riding, are held here
every Saturday.
THE CITADEL,
is situated on the east bank of the river Hull, at its
junction with the Humber, and is surrounded by a

PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &C 145
wall with ramparts and ditches. It is occupied by a
regular garrison, and contains several batteries and
modern erections, with magazines* capable of contain
ing twenty thousand stand of arms, and ordnance stores
for twelve or fifteen sail of the line. The post of
governor is a sinecure and is generally bestowed on
some officer of high rank. Lord Hill is the present
governor. The south end battery is situated on the opposite
side of the river. THE NORTH BRIDGE
is the only passage from Hull to Drypool, except by
the ferry; this bridge is said to be of considerable
antiquity. In 1833, it was repaired and the foot and
carriage way enlarged, and the whole rendered much
more convenient, under the direction of Mr. J. Oldham,
Civil Engineer, of this town.
GAS WORKS.
The Kingston-upon-Hull Gas Light Company, es
tablished in 1821, by act of Parliament, for the produc
tion of gas from oil or coal, for lighting the public
streets, manufacturies, shops, and dwellings of the
town and neighbourhood.
It being thought that the gas produced from oil
would be more brilliant and economical than that from
coal, and as the encouragement of the whale fishery
was considered an important object by the inhabitants
of the town, the company, in the first instance, estab
lished works for generating gas from oil, and the in
habitants were supplied by such means until the year
1830, when it was found the manufacture was unpro-
• The castle at the north-west corner of the citadel, and
the Block -house at the south-east corner, were erected in the
Twenty-third of Henry the Eighth. u

146 PICTURE OF HULL.
ductive to the shareholders, as well as expensive to tbe
consumers, and the works a great nuisance to the
surrounding neighbourhood. In this state of matters,
the company deemed it neeessary to effect a change in
the manufacture, from that of oil, to coal gas, upon a
similar plan to the work9 originally established at
Beverley, by Mr. Malam, but now belonging to
the commissioners of that town. In consequence
the company entered into arrangements with Mr.
Malam, for the entire re-construction and re-building of
the works upon his patent plan, which has been
done at their joint expense. The entire management,
for a term of years, is now placed wholly under the
¦ direction of Mr. Malam, who has undertaken also to
secure a yearly payment to the original subscribers, and
participate in the advantages of the undertaking. The
works have been constructed within the least possible
space, and in the midst of a densely populated neigh
bourhood, without smell, or causing any complaint, and
are of sufficient power not only for the present, but for
the future wants of the town. The construction and
arrangements embrace the greatest improvements of
the day, some of which are dated with the place. The
price of gas has been considerably reduced, and the
quality and regular supply greatly improved, so that no
town can now boast (under the same locality) of a
greater advantage in the use of so valuable a discovery
of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
THE SCULCOATES COAL GAS WORKS,
erected by the British Gas Light company, are situated
on the western bank of the river Hull, near Sculcoates
church. They were completed in 1826, and the town
ship of Sculcoates was first lighted with this brilliant
vapour on the 26th day of May, in the same year. The
works are established on a judicious scale of eighteen
thousand cubic feet of gas, capable of considerable
extension if required.

MISCELLANEOUS.

THE BOTANIC GARDEN.
The first state of civilized society is indicated by an
attention to agriculture, the second to horticulture, and
the last to botany. The two former are decidedly the
most important, and the last is the more refined and
scientific. A few, and only a few, of the cities and towns of Eng
land, can boast of a botanic garden, and Hull is one of
that number. This elegant institution was commenced
in July 1811, and opened to the subscribers on the 3rd
of June following. The garden is situated about amile
from the centre of the town, on the Anlaby road, at
the bottom of Linnaeus-street, and comprehends
about five statute acres of land. At the entrance are
two lodges, one for the dwelling of the curator, and
u2

148

PICTURE OF HULL.

the other, (in which a botanic library is forming) for
the use of the committee; it also contains a portrait of
Linnaeus, by Schwanfelder, of Leeds.
The ground is laid out with great skill, and ample
room has been left for one specimen at least of every
tree, shrub, and hardy plant in the kingdom, as well
as for a vast number of exotics. There is here a bog
compartment in the highest perfection, another for
alpine plants, and an aquarium thirty yards in length.
The garden is the property of three hundred subscri
bers, holders of five hundred and fifty transferable
shares, bearing interest, and subject to a subscription
of a guinea and a half per annum.
The .merit of originating this establishment, and of
bringing it to its present state of advancement, is due
to J. C. Parker, Esq. and the late Dr. Alderson.
Mr. Smith is the present curator.

MISCELLANEOUS.

149

WATER WORK'S,
The town of Hull is supplied with fresh water from
the springs at Spring Head, a few miles from the town,

the water-works are situated on what is callei spring
bank, about one mile from the town, and were erected
a few years since by the corporation, who supply the
town, and charge each house according to the rental.
We have before,* spoken of the impediments
thrown in the way of our ancestors, in their attempts

Page 14.

150 PICTURE OF HULL,
to supply the town with fresh water.
Prior to the year 1773, the works which were estab
lished in 1616, were wrought by horses; but the
water is now forced by means of a powerful steam
engine into the reservoir, and thence conveyed through
iron pipes to the dwellings of the inhabitants in all the
principal streets. There is an important advantage
of water-works in a large commercial town, arising
from the facility they afford in case of accidental fires.
BATHS.
On the Humber bank, near the Pottery, more than
half a mile above the Docks, are two bathing estab
lishments, with houses and projections for immersion
in the river; behind which are neat bathing rooms,
into which the water is raised without sediment, by an
improved mode of filtration ; and may be used either
in a hot, cold, or tepid state, or in vaporation.
Whitlow's Patent Medicated Vapour Baths, were
established in 1831, and are kept by Mr. Shores, 39.
Dock-street, and are provided with excellent accom
modations. There are also baths at the principal inns
in the town. THE MANUFACTURES*
of Hull, are not so extensive and numerous as those in
many of the inland towns ; they are however, by no
means contemptible; amongst the principal of them is
the compressing and refining of oil from linseed, and
preparing the residue for feeding cattle. The process
is chiefly effected by mills worked by wind and
steam, and are considered the largest and finest mills
of the kind, in the kingdom. Both for the above
* Great benefit is likely to extend to this town by the estab
lishment of a rail-road between here and Selby; the project
has been spiritedly started, and we do not doubt it will
be speedily carried into execution.

MISCELLANEOUS.

151

purpose and for grinding corn, they are found in great
numbers, in the vicinity of the town. The mode of
refining rape oil was brought to perfection by Dr.
Daniel Bridges, of Hull, who is said also to have
invented the improved system of purifying spermaceti
oil, now practised here with great success.
There is also a sugar house on a large scale ; and
an extensive soft and hard soap manufactory; several
white lead and colour works ; numerous ship-builders'
yards ; iron founderies ; turpentine and sail cloth
manufactories ; and some large rope walks ; Belle-vue
pottery on the Humber bank, established a few years
since by Mr. W. Bell, where a great variety of articles
are made for exportation. Some extensive breweries
claim a place in the list of manufactories, of which
those enumerated above, form but a small part.
Returns of the Population of the town of Kingston-
upon-Hull and the adjacent parishes, according to the
last census taken in 1831.

Humber Ward . . .
Austin Do. . . .
Trinity Do. . . .
Whitefriars Do. . . ,
Saint Mary Do. . . .
North Do. . . .
North Myton Do . . .
South Myton Do . . .
Garrison side township

Inha bited
houses

666432412299521
572
14931631 40

Males

Fe
males

172712671177 989
14791566
31603306 144

Total 6066 14815
ADJACENT PARISHES.

Sculcoates - . - - -
Drypool - - - - - - -
Sutton and Stoneferry (inclu
ding the Groves & Witham)
Southcoates - -

2700 431910
236

6068 810
2121 466

Total 4277 9465 11321 20786

2129 1488
1578 110417921776
39614459 222

19309

7400 1011
2260 648

Total of
Per

385627552755
20933271334271217765 366

33324

13468 1821
4383 1114

152 PICTURE OF HULL.
The annexed Plan will shew the exact limits of the
New Borough of Hull, under the Reform Act. The
total number of votes polled on the 11th and 12th days
of December 1832, were 3,305.

HIGH STREET.
The principal and most ancient street in the town,
was called, in the old records, Hull-street, from its
being built along the river. There were no houses
formerly on the river side, but it was left open for the
convenience of traffic, and was originally called the
Quay ; but upon petition of the burgesses to the king,
permission was granted to build thereon, and encroach
even upon the haven. At the angle formed by the
confluence of the rivers were the Horse stairs; then
proceeding northward were Herring stairs, King's
stairs, Scale lane stairs, Bishop's stairs, Chapel stairs,
Hornsey stairs, Salter's stairs ; and close to the north
gate was the old ferry. These stairs are now called
staiths; of the derivation of which word we can give no
certain account; only by way of conjecture, may
suppose it to come from the Dutch word Steghe, in
Saxon Sttxgen, signifying stairs. In process of time,
the stairs or staiths increased, and altered their names,
Hornsey staith was called New staith ; King's staith,
Churchlane staith ; and various others took their names
from the merchants who were their proprietors. On
the other side of the street terminate the lanes with
which the respective staiths correspond, as Church lane,
Scale lane, &c. The houses built on that side next
the river are chiefly the property of merchants, and
occupied as counting houses and warehouses.
Within the last twenty years this street has been
entirely deserted as a place of residence for the opulent,
the houses are now converted into offices and ware
houses.

Miscellaneous.

THE CHAIN HOUSE,

153

situate at the South-end of High-street, at the mouth
of the river Hull, is a very ancient brick building, and
is undoubtedly the oldest relic in this town, if we
except the chancel of the Trinity Church.
In former times, a chain used to be drawn from this
house across the mouth of the river, at sunset and sun
rise, "in the time of war and tumult, for the security
of the country against foreigners and disturbers of the
peace." The earliest mention of which, is in 1269,*

This cut represents an ornamental brick building of

Although no Chain is noticed in the plans of Hull, by
Speed and Hollar, the following extract from the proceedings
ot the Mayor and Aldermen at a Bench, held on the 22nd of
«iarcn,lb54: she ws that the haven was, at that time, secured
Dy an iron chain drawn across the mouth of the river. 

154 PICTURE OF HULL.
the fifteenth century, situate in Dagger-lane, it is a
beautiful specimen of brick work; this and several
others, yet remaining, testify that ornamental brick
work was carried to great perfection in this town

Nearly opposite Chapel-lane, in High-street, above
ai pointed doorway in Messrs. Holdsworth's warehouse,
is the above coat of arms, with two winged horses for
supporters, and at the topis a merchant's mark. A little
above this is another stone let into the wall with this
inscription (now nearly obliterated) on it: —
Nil Haees, Omnia
A Jehova,
Cvi Soli, Omnis
Honor et Gloria,
F. 'R. 3.
"Whereas Major Elton hath certified this Bench, that hi re
gard of the tumult and stirs abroad in this nation, for the
security of this towne and garrison he hath amended The Iro»
Chaine and bought a new cable to draw over the haven at the
south end, to secure the haven from shipps or boats comeing
into the haven in the night tyme : upon which he is to disburse
twenty pounds." (Towns' Records.) Frost, p. 48. Ad. et. Cor.

MISCELLANEUS. 155
Translated thus — "I have nothing, all things are from ths
Lord, to whom, alone, be all honor and glory."
Near Bishop-lane, in High-street, is a remarkable
house, having under ths south window the following
verse : — benedictis jehov.e ipsam ditat.
Neque addit Molestiam secum.
"The blessing of the Lord it maketh rich, and he addeth
no sorrow with it. Proverbs, Chap. X, Verse 22."
Under each of the middle windows, is a lion, facing
the other, and under the north window is the following: —
Hi, Tibi c;elati, quos cernis frontie Leones,
AnTIQNUUM RKFERUNT QUOD MIHI NOMEN ERAT.
Which may be literally translated thus: —
"Obscured to thee, these lions do proclaim,
In front, allusion to my ancient name."
All our endeavours to investigate the occasion of
these beasts, and inscriptions, have proved unsuccessful.*
The lion may have been the builder's crest.
A copy of an interesting letter of king Charles the
First, written the morning after Sir John Hotham
had shut the gates of the Town against him, has been
kindly furnished by Charles Frost, Esq. F. S. A.,
through whose permission we are enabled to lay it
before our readers.
The dotted spaces denote words nearly illegible, and
the words in italics are inserted as conveying the prob
able meaning.
"C. R.
"Wee have with great contentment considered your
dutifull and affectionate answer to our propositions
represented unto us the first of this instant, May,
CONCERNING VE INSUFFERABLE AFFRONT WEE RE-

* Hadley, p. 691.

156 PICTURE OF *HULL.
ceived at Hull, wee haveing not beene deceived in
our expectation in the confidence wee have in your
affection : wherfore wee desire you to assure the rest of
your countrymen (whoe through negligence were omit
ted to be sumoned) that wee shall never abuse your
love, by any power which shall enable us to ye violation
of the least of your liberties, or in diminution of those
immunityes which wee have granted you, [letter here
torn] though they are beyond the acte of most (if not
all) our predecessors; being resolved with a firme and
constant resolution to have the Lawes of this Land
duly observed, and shall endeavour only so to preserve
our just regall rights as may inable us to defend and
preserve our kingdome and people, according to ye
ancient honour of England, and according to ye trust
which by ye Lawes  of this Land is put into
ye .Crowne; being sufficiently warned by ye late
affronte at HuLL,not to transfer ye same out of our
own powers ; concerning which affront wee will take
some way to advise which way wee may usefully imploy
your affections ; in ye meane time shall take it well
from all those that shall personally attend us, soe
followed and provided as they shall thinke fitt, for ye
better safety of, our persone, because we know not
that suddaine violence or affront may be offered to us,
having lately received such an actual testimony of rebel
lious mtencions as Sir John Hotham's express
ed at Hull. Being thus secured by your affections
and assistance, wee promise you our protections against
any arbitrary power whatsoever, and that you shall not
be molested for ye humble and modest petitions as of
late you have been threatened. Given at our Court
at Yorke, ye 2nd of May, 1642.
"To our trusty and well beloved 
County and others of our County of
Yorke whom it doth or may concerne."
From the original, preserved in the Library at Lam
beth. No. 703. Y. 21.

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

The family of the De la Poles* produced several
eminent characters who have done honor to the place
of their birth ; but as we have already related much
of their history ,(page 5 to 11) to that part of our work
we refer our readers.
Edward De la Pole, Archdeacon of Richmond, was

* The fortunes of William Be la Pole, the first duke of Suf
folk, (whose duchess was a grand-daughter of the poet, Chaucer.)
have been the subject of various poetical effusions. In the
"England's Heroical Epistles" of Michael Drayton, there
is one from the duke of Suffolk to queen Margaret, and ano
ther from the queen in reply. An heroic epistle from the
duke to the queen is also given in the "Suffolk Garland" (1818)
with a biographical and historical notice. Fenn's "Paston
Letters," already mentioned, afford several valuable details of
which Mr. Sharon Turner has availed himself in his history of
England, where Suffolk's administration meets with a due share
of attention. In the second edition of that work a note oc
curs of considerable interest ; it contains a ballad, of seventy
two lines, preserved in the British Museum, written at the time,
on the catastrophies of the duke and his friends, which are treat
ed with exulting levity ; and curious for giving the names of
those who were most hated by the people. "It designates Suf
folk," says the author, "by the cant term 'Jack Napes,' and is
perhaps the earliest instance we have of the abusive application
of the word Jackanapes. Our lexicographers derive this word
from Jack and Ape; but the ballad shews, that Napes was a
term of derison, signifying a knave, and must therefore be
the Saxon Cnapa ; which bore also this meaning. This will
explain the reason why our third figured card is called Jack,
and also Knave. The word Jackanapes therefore seems to be
Jack Cnapa, and to mean Jack the Knave. In this sense it is
applied to Suffolk, and as the Knave is next in power at cards

158

picture of hull.

installed in the archdeaconry of the East-Riding, whence
his family had sprung, on the 15th October, 1480; and
resigned the stall on obtaining that of Richmond.
Richard De la Pole, who assumed the title of duke
of Suffolk, and was slain at the battle of Pavia, in 1525;
to the King and Queen, the nick -name may be used in the bal
lad with an allusion to Suffolk's being the Prime Minister of
Henry and Margaret.'' Frost, p. 44, Ad. et. Cor.
The following signature of the first duke of Suffolk, is from
the Cotton. M. S. S. Vesp. F. vvii. fol. 48. See Nichols'
autographs of Royal, Noble, Learned, and remarkable Per
sonages conspicuous in English History.

The following signature of John De laPole, secondduke of
Suffolk, K. G. (see page 10) is from the Harl. M.S. S. 4713.

BIOGRAPHICAL noticks.

159

was called the White Rose by the favourers of his
party, and was the last male heir of this distinguished
and unfortunate family. It may be mentioned, that
among the reasons urged by Wolsey to induce Henry
the Eighth to invade France, one was, that Francis
had broken the treaty by favouring this nobleman, "a
fugitive and a traitor."* LUKE FOXE,
commonly called "North- West Fox," was born in the
parish of St. Mary, and was baptized as the register
shews, on the 20th October, 1586; his father, Richard
Foxe, was an assistant of the Trinity House at this
Eort, and brought up his son to tbe profession, which
e had followed, of a seafaring man.
The revival of an attempt to discover a North- West
passage according to the authority of Barrow,t is un
questionably to be attributed to the son, who having
petitioned the king "for the lend of a ship for the voy
age, and countenance to the action," set sail, under
royal patronage, towards the South-Sea, in search of
that passage on the 7th May, 1631. The vessel select
ed by him for the occasion, was his majesty's pinnace
the Charles, of the burthen of eighty tons, which was
manned with twenty men and two boys, victualled for
eighteen months, and "the best for condition and quality,
especially for this voyage, that the world could afford."
Captain Foxe arrived in the downs, on his return from
this expedition, on the 3 1 st day of October in the same
year in which he departed from this country. The re
sult of his voyage, as Barrow states, having evidently
disappointed those who had been instrumental in pro
moting it. He had, however, the honor of being ad'
mitted into the presence of his Majesty, to give an
account of his undertaking; and he subsequently
* Frost, p. 44, Ad. et. pot.
t A Chronological History of Voyages into the Arctic
Regions, by John Barrow, F. R. S. page 235.

160 P1CTURK OP HULL.
published the history, not only of his oWn voyag'e, but
Of the various discoveries made by Others, in the en--
deavour to find a North- West passage. This history,
"printed by his Majesty's command," appeared in 1635,
under the affected title of "North-West Fox, or Fox
from the North-West passage," &c* Barrow thus
characterizes our author, — "He was a keen, shrewd
Yorkshireman, and evidently a, man of considerable
talent, but conceited beyond measure; and the style of
his journal is so uncouth, and the jargon so obscure
and comical, as in many places to be scarcely in'
telligible." ANDREW MARVELL,
born A. D. 1620. died A. D. 1678.
Justum et tenacem propositi viruni; Horace.
To Hullt belongs the glory of having given birth to
one of the most strenuous and incorruptible statesmen
that the world ever beheld : such Was the firmness of
his integrity, and the attachment of his mind to the
principles of justice, that his admiring countrymen have
appropiiately styled him 'the British Aristides.' It is
indeed a proud, yet a just thing to say, that neither the
republics of Greece nor that of Rome, in their palmiest
days, ever produced a more illustrious patriot than our
Andrew Marvkll.
Besides his virtue as a patriot, and his merits as a
senator, he was a poet and a wit of no mean order.
His fame, however, in the former capacities has so

* For a further account of this work, see Frost's address,
p. 10.
f The fact of Marvell having been baptized at Winestead
in Holderness, about fourteen miles from Hull, does not in
validate the concurring testimony of all his biographers that
Hull was the place of his nativity.

yu^'iv ¦ M.a o '¦¦'. '¦

•Enff& FvJ> A fy XGrrenwcodilTuU.

BIOORAPIIICAL notices. 161
eclipsed the lustre of his other qualities, that the latter
have been too much disregarded. Dr. Johnson might
have introduced Andrew Marvell into his "Lives of the
British Poets" with more reason than several names
that find a place therein.
Andrew Marvell, the father, a native of Cambridge,
and M. A. of Emanuel College, having taken orders,
was elected master of the Grammar School at Hull;
and, in 1624, several years afterwards, became lecturer
of Trinity Church, m this town.* His son Andrew,
the patriot, was born here November 15th 1620. At
the early age of fifteen, he was sent to Cambridge, and
admitted a student of Trinity College. At this period,
young Marvell was in imminent danger of falling into
the snares of the Jesuits, who were then industriously
making proselytes among the youth of distinguished
abilities. The disciples of Loyola succeeded in inveig
ling our student to London ; but his father followed
him thither, and effected his rescue. On the 13th of
December, 1638, Andrew was re-admitted at Trinity
College, where he steadily pursued his studies until the
death of his father,! in 1640. Thus, at the age of
twenty, the subject of our sketch -became an orphan.
The aged lady, however, with whose daughter the
venerable minister had dared to die, sent for his son
from Cambridge, acted towards him as a mother, and
at her decease bequeathed him her whole property.
His inclination for academical study appears now
to have remitted ; and the passion for travelling to have
taken possession of his mind. With four other youths,
equally negligent in their attendance, he was excluded
from the benefit of the college.
Soon after this event we find our future senator in

* Echara calls him "the facetious Calvinistic minister of
Hull." t The elder Marvell lost his life in crossing the Humber.
Notwithstanding the boisterousne6s of the weather, the rough
ness of the river, and the remonstrances of the watermen, he
persisted in accompanying the godmother of one of his children
to her home, and, in sharing her danger, perished with her.
Y

162 PICTURE OF HUf,L.
Italy. His poem of Flecnoe, a humourous satire on
an Irish priest at Rome, Richard Flecnoe, an incor
rigible poetaster, is the first recorded instance of his
satirical writing, and is supposed to have suggested
Dryden's famous satire of Mac Flecnoe.
At Rome, it is said, Marvell first met Milton.
From that time these illustrious men became friends,
and were, subsequently, joint secretaries to Cromwell.
Between 1642 and 1643, Marvell left Italy, and,
while at Paris, on his homeward journey, wrote some
satirical verses in Latin on one Lancelot Joseph de
Maniban, a whimsical Abbe, who pretended to prog
nosticate fortunes by the peculiar hand-writing of
individuals. After his return home, we hear no more of Marvell
during- an important interval of ten years. In 1652,
Milton wrote for him a letter of recommendation to
the president Bradshaw, in which he described the
patriot as "a man of singular desert for the state to
make use of;" but the letter did not procure an ap
pointment. In 1654, when Milton's famous defence
of the people of England in reply to Salmasius appear
ed, Marvell was commissioned to present the book to
the Protector. Milton was, at this time, secretary of
state for Foreign affairs. Afterwards, Marvell became
tutor to Cromwell's nephew ; and assistant Latin sec
retary to the Commonwealth with his illustrious friend,
the great poet. From the death of the Protector till
the parliament of the 25th of April, 1660, we have no
account of Marvell. In that year, which was destined
to see the restoration of royalty, he was elected a
member for his native town. He corresponded every
post with his constituents : a species of attention which
was, at that time, particularly valuable, as it was only
by such communications that the country constituency
could know what passed in parliament. This corres
pondence still exists in the archives of the corporation
and the Trinity House at Hull,* a considerable portion
* The annexed is a fac -simile of the superscription . of a

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 163
of which appears in Captain Thompson's edition of
Marvell's works. These letters are historically, as
well as personally interesting. It has been observed
that he manifestly wrote under some mental res
traint, as if aware that the sanctity of a seal was not
always respected by a jealous government in perilous
times. His public career was remarkable for its boldness,
honesty and intelligence, at a period when the pros
titution of public integrity made patriotism appear a
vulgar eccentricity. He gave his most strenuous
opposition to a standing army, and, in writing to his
constituents, said, "I hope to see your town once more
ungarrisoned, for I cannot but remember those blessed
days, when the youth of our town were trained for
your militia, and did become their arms better than
any soldiers I have seen since." Of the Excise he
"wished it might not be continued too long." On
church affairs he says little, but mentions with appro
bation a bill "for erecting and augmenting vicarages,
out of all impropriations belonging to ecclesiastical
persons, or corporations, to .£80. per annum, where
the impropriation amounts to £120. and, where
less, to one moiety of the profits of such im
propriations." His exertions in favor of religious liberty were
particularly noted.
Marvell not only took great interest in questions of
national import, but paid sedulous attention to the in
terests of his borough, and narrowly watched the
progress of private bills.
He is reported to have spoken but seldom in the
house, yet to have possessed great personal influence
over the members of the commons, and also with the
peers. His first colleague, or 'partner,' was Mr. John
Ramsden. In 1661 , (May 8th) Marvell was re-elected

letter^ addressed to the Wardens of the Trinity House, dated
May 14th, 1672.
y2

164 PICTURE OF HULL,
along with Colonel Gilby, who was in the court inter
est. The opposition in their sentiments did notprevent
Marvell from co-operating with the Colonel, when no
great principle was compromised, and when the inter
ests of their constituents were specially concerned.
Marvell was returned a third time from his native town;
but, in June 1663, he retired for a time from his par
liamentary duties, being appointed to accompany Lord
Carlisle as secretary, on an embassy to Russia, Sweden,
and Denmark. In undertaking his journey, which he
expected to accomplish in twelve months, he had the
leave of the house, and the approbation of his constitu
ents. Marvell resumed his place in October, 1665,
when the parliament was sitting at Oxford, on account
of the plague then raging at London. During this
short session the house of peers and the high-church
party excited the opposition of our patriot. The year
1666* memorable for the great fire of London, found
Andrew at his post, and corresponding as usual with
his constituents, whom he had to thank, as on former
occasions, for a present of Yorkshire ale.
In the following year "Paradise Lost" appeared,
accompanied by some commendatory verses from Mar-
veil's pen. His parliamentary correspondence continu
ed for several years with little or no interruption, and
afford ample proof of his indefatigable industry, and
unremitting attention to the most minute, as well as to
the most momentous, matters. In some of them he
mentions Six o'clock in the evening as a very protract
ed hour for business in the house of Commons; and
at length, the attendance became particularly onerous
and fatiguing. The dissensions between the two
houses, arising from the undefined nature of their priv
ileges and jurisdiction, occasioned perpetual conferences,
and prolonged discussions, so that, on one occasion,
the house of Commons sat, without intermission, until
Five o'Clock in the morning. Every session brought
forth some new bill, or forced proclamation against
* Dryden's 'Annus Mirabilis.'

BIOORAPHlC.AL NOTICES. 165
conventicles and sectarians, and also in favor of a pro
hibitory system of commerce.
There is scarcely one of Marvell's Letters which
does not afford some proof that the House in which he
sat was no friend to free trade, even between the
several parts of the kingdom ; and there was a mani
fest inclination to exclude French commodities alto
gether. Marvell applies the epithet "terrible" to the
conventicle bill, and characterizes it as "the quintes
sence of arbitrary malice." During the spring session
of 1670, the King thought fit to frequent the debates
at the house of Lords, and declared that it was 'better
than going to a play.' Marvell mentions this circum
stance, with surprise, to his constituents, in his letter
dated 26th March of that year. The prospect of affairs
was deplorable : Charles had abandoned himself to the
notorious Cabal: even Marvell seemed affected by
despondency; and although he stated in a private
communication, that "the parliament was never so
embarrassed," and "we are all venal cowards except
some few," yet the Commons proved an overmatch for
the Lords and the court. At that period, to use
Andrew's words, "the court was at the highest pitch of
want and luxury, and the people full of discontent."
The king had become the concealed instrument of
France, yet Marvell speaks with tenderness of Charles
the First, whose errors and misfortunes he attributed
mainly to the rash counsels of the prelates. In his
satirical works, however he is less lenient, and the
power of his ridicule rendered him obnoxious at Court.
He was threatened, he was flattered, he was beset with
spies, courted by beauties, and, it is said, even way-laid
by ruffians. But his integrity was proof alike against
danger, adulation, and corruption. Respecting him
self, and revering virtue, he had a spirit armed against
the insidious assaults of the tempter. It was about the
year 1673 or 1674, that the Lord Treasurer Danby,
an old schoolfellow, presuming on his former acquain
tance and Andrew's good-natured facility, visited the
patriot in his humble lodging with a view to induce him

166 PICTURE OF HULL.
to barter his poverty and probity for profligacy and
place. This interesting incident is thus related:—
At parting, the Lord Treasurer, out of pure affection,
slipped into his hand an order upon the treasury for
one thousand pounds, and then went to his chariot.
Marvell, looking at the paper, calls after the Treasurer,
"My Lord, I request another moment." They both
return to the garret, and the serving-boy of the house
was called. "Jack, child, what had I for dinner
yesterday?" "Don't you remember, Sir? you had the
little shoulder of mutton that you ordered me to bring
from the woman in the market?" "Very right, child,
what have I for dinner to-day?" "Don't you know Sir,
that you bid me lay by the blade-bone to broil?"
"Tis so, very right, child ; go away. — My Lord, do you
hear? Andrew Marvell's dinner is provided: there's
your piece of paper. I know the sort of kindness you
intended. I live here to serve my constituents. The
ministry may seek men for their purposes: I am not
ONB." To enhance the merit of Marvell's rejection of this
large bribe, it is further related that, after this memo
rable interview, he was under the necessity of applying
to his bookseller for the loan of a guinea. Perhaps the
above simple and sublime fact stands best by itself; and
whether the addendum be authentic or not, it is
scarcely necessary "to add another colour to the
rainbow." Andrew Marvell died suddenly on the 29th July,
1678, while attending a public meeting in the town
hall of Hull; it is supposed, by poison, as he had
previously been in remarkably good health. Thus it
is supposed was fulfilled the christianlike denunciation
of Dr. Samuel Parker in his "Reproof of Marvell's,
"Rehearsal Transprosed": — "If thou darest to print
any lie or libel against Dr. Parker, by the eternal
God, I will cut thy throat!"
It is said that Marvell was the last instance of a
member of parliament receiving wages from his con
stituents. Aubrey, who knew Marvell, thus describes

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 167
his personal peculiarities. "He, was of middling- sta
ture, pretty strong- set, roundish cheeked, hazel eyed,
brown haired. He was wont to say he would not
drink high or freely, with any one with whom he would
not trust his life."
We append two short specimens of his prose writing;,
and one of his poetry.
The first is extracted from some ironical observations
on the Invention of Printing.
"There have been wayes found out to banish ministers, to
find not only the people, but even the grounds and fields where
they assembled, in conventicles ; but no art yet could prevent
these seditious meetings of letters. Two or three brawney
fellows in a corner, with meer ink and elbow grease, do more
harm than a hundred systematical divines, with their sweaty
preaching. Their ugly printing letters look but like so many
rotten tooth drawers ; and yet these rascally operators of the
press have got a trick to fasten them again in a few minutes,
that they grow as firm a set, and as biting and talkative as ever.
O, Printing! how hast thou disturbed the peace of mankind!
— that lead, when moulded into bullets, is not so mortal as
when formed into letters ! There was a mistake, sure, in the
story of Cadmus; and the serpents' teeth which he sowed
were nothing else but the letters which he invented."
The next specimen is taken from a letter to a friend
in affliction. Its object is consolation ; and we select
the following passage for the beautiful simile which it
enshrines. "I know the contagion of grief, and infection of tears; and
especially when it runs in a blood. And I myself could sooner
imitate than blame those innocent relentings of nature, so that
they spring from tenderness only, and humanity, not from an
implacable sorrow. The tears of a family may now together
like those little drops that compact the rainbow, and if they be
placed with the same advantage towards heaven, as those are
to the sun, they, too, have their splendour; and like that bow,
while they unbend into seasonable showers, yet they promise
that there shall not be a second flood."
Of Marvell's poetical effusions it is surprising that
no bookseller has yet published a portable and popular

168 ' PICTURE OF HULL.
volume. We are sure that it would be found more
acceptable than the public are generally prepared to
expect; and we hope to see it undertaken ere long.
Proud should we be to see such a collection issue from
the Hull press: it would be a pleasing memorial of
their author; and, should our fellow-townsmen deter
mine, about the same time, to erect the proposed statue
in honor of the Patriot, we should then possess two
monuments in his birth-place, alike worthy of the man
and of ourselves.
Meantime, we insert the following charming verses.
THE DROP OF DEW.
See how the orient dew,
Shed from the bosom of the morn,
Into the blowing roses,
Yet careless of its mansion new,
For the clear region where 'twas born,
Round in itself incloses :
And in its little globe's extent,
Frames as it can its native element,
How it the purple flower does slight ;
Scarce touching where it lies;
But gazing back upon the skies,
Shines with a mournful light,
Like its own tear,
Because so long divided from the sphere.
Restless it rolls and insecure,
Trembling lest it grow impure,
Till the warm sun pities its pain,
And to the skies exhales it 'back again.
So the soul, that drop, that ray
Of the clear fountain of eternal day,
Could it within the human flower be seen,
Remembering still its former height,
Shuns the sweet leaves and blossoms green,
And recollecting its own light,
Does in its pure and circling thoughts express
The greater heaven in a heaven less.
In how coy a figure wound,
Every way it turns away ;
So the world excluding round,
Yet receiving in the day :
Dark beneath but bright above,
Here disdaining, there in love:

biographical notices. 169
How loose and easy hence to go ;
How girt and ready to ascend ;
Moving but on a point below,
It all about does upwards bend ;
Such did the manna's sacred dew distil,
White and entire although congeal'd and chill ;
Congeal'd on earth ; but does dissolving run
Into the glories of the Almighty sun.
SIR JOHN LAWSON.
Of the early life of this distinguished officer, scarcely
any thing is known. It is generally admitted that he
was born at Hull. As his parents were poor, he was
sent to sea at a very early age. After acquiring a
perfect knowledge of his profession, be quitted the
merchant service and entered the royal navy, as a
common sailor,* about the time that Hull was seized by
the parliament. In this situation his conduct was so
excellent, that the officers of the ship noticed him for
his industry and sobriety. Although destitute of
friends and interest, he was advanced, on account of
his extraordinary merit, to the command of a ship of
war.t In the famous sea-fight between the English and
Dutch fleets, which commenced on the 18th of Febru
ary, 1653, near Cape La Hogue, and continued three
successive days, captain Lawson had the command of
the Fairfax, and gallantly seconded the admirals Blake
and Dean in the triumph. In the first day's engage
ment, one hundred men were killed on board the
Fairfax, and the ship was wretchedly shattered. In
the second day's engagement captain Lawson boarded
one of the Dutch ships of war, and brought her off.
On the third day, as the Dutch endeavoured to escape
among the shallows, captains Lawson, Marten, and
Graver followed them so boldly, that each took a

* Clarendon, as quoted by Campbell, vol. II. p. 538.
t Lloyd's Lives of excellent Persons, as quoted Try Campbell,
vol. II. p. 529.

170 PICTURE OP HUH.
Dutch man-of-war.
In the memorable engagement with the Dutch, June"
2nd, 1653, the English fleet was commanded by Monk
and Dean, assisted by vice-admiral Penn and rear-
admiral Lawson.* The blue squadron charged through
the enemy, and rear-admiral Lawson laid his ship
alongside of De Ruyter, to whom in former actions he
had been a desperate opponent. At this time he had
well nigh taken the Dutch admiral; but being diverted
from that object, he sank a Dutch ship of forty-two
guns. In another obstinate battle with the Dutch, July 31sf,
1653, admiral Lawson singled out his old antagonist
De Ruyter, and attacked him with such fury, as to kill
or wound above half his men, and so disabled his ship
that it was towed out of the fleet. This engagement
was very bloody : twenty-six Dutch ships of war were
either burnt or sunk, and between four and five thou
sand of their men killed. Their celebrated admiral,
Van Tromp, was also slain, being shot through the
body with a musket-ball, as he was giving orders.
The parliament ordered gold chainsf to be sent to the
admirals Blake and Monk, and likewise to vice-admiral
Penn and rear-admiral Lawson.
In 1653, admiral Lawson was appointed to the com
mand of a fleet of forty-four sail, which was sent over
to the coast of Holland; and in this expedition, by
taking a considerable number of prizes, his important
services had a great influence in making the peace.
On the change of the government, and Cromwell's
assuming the supreme power to himself, he was con
tinued in the command, and treated with considerable
respect; but being disgusted with the protector's con
duct, his principles did not incline him to support him

* He was promoted to this rank after the sea-fight off La
Hogue. Hinderwell's History of Scarbro', third edition.
t The late colonel Richard Norton, of Southwick, in Hamp
shire, grandson to Sir John Lawson, had his grandfather's
gold chain and medal in his possession, which he left by will
to Mr. Richard Chichley. Granger's Biography.

biographical notices. 171
steadily. He was one of a committee appointed to
confer with a formidable body of men, styled fifth-
monarchy men, who conspired against Cromwell; but
their proceedings being discovered to secretary Thur-
loe, they were not able to effect any thing: on the
contrary, April 10th, 1657, major-general Harrison,
vice-admiral Lawson, and several others were com
mitted.* When he recovered his liberty, he went into
retirement; but the parliament, on the return of
admiral Montague with the fleet from the Baltic, sent
for Mr. Lawson, declared him vice-admiral, and ordered
him to take the charge of the whole fleet. When
Monk had matured his plan for the restoration of the
ancient constitution, admiral Lawson's concurrence
was obtained, and the navy followed the example of
the commander.
After the restoration, he had tbe honor of knight
hood conferred upon him by king Charles ; and to the
end of his life conducted himself with great judgment
and spirit in several engagements, and was never for
any length of time out of actual service. He was
appointed one of the commissioners of the navy board,
at the recommendation of the duke of York, and was
also sent, as vice-admiral to the earl of Sandwich, to
bring queen Catherine from Portugal. He was after
wards employed in the Mediterranean against the
Algerines, to whom he did considerable damage, and
so effectually blocked up their ports, that they were not
able to send out any cruisers, which reduced them to
the necessity of sueing for peace.
At the breaking out of the Dutch war, he received
orders to return home, the king having sent for him to
serve under the duke of York, as rear-admiral of the
red. In all things relative to the fleet, his royal high-
* Campbell states, that "it appears, from one of Thurloe's
state papers, vol. VI, p. 184, that Sir John was only one of a
committee appointed by the discontented officers in the army,
to confer with the fifth-monarchy men." Lives of the
Admirals, vol. II, p. 531. z2

172 PICTURE OF HULL.
ness the duke consulted daily for his own information
and instruction with Sir John Lawson, Sir George
Ayscue, and Sir William Penn, all men of great ex
perience in naval affairs, and who had commanded in
several engagements ; but Sir John Lawson was the
man, of whose judgment the duke had the most
esteem; though in his manners he retained much of
the bluntness and roughness of the tarpaulin.*
In the memorable engagement with the Dutch off
Lowestoff, June 3rd, 1665, after having exceeded all
he had done before, he received a shot in his knee
with a musket-ball, which in the end proved fatal.

(Iv •' t£*^&>

COMMODORE EDWARD THOMPSON,
the son of a Hull merchant, and well known in the
navy by the appellation of "Rhyming Thompson."
He was born in the year 1738, and was a brother of
the Trinity House at this port. The Rev. Richard
Warner, in his "Literary Recollections," relates, on the
authority of an old naval officer, who sailed with
Captain Thompson, "that his popularity in the service
was almost unparalleled, from the sweetness of his
temper and benevolence of his nature." Besides the
works of Andrew Marvell, Captain Thompson edited
those of Oldham and Paul Whitehead. His original
productions, among which "Sailors Letters, &c."
published in 1766, were numerous, but many of them
were of an objectionable nature ; and, with the excep
tion of some of his sea songs, those which were not
liable to such a charge, possessed but little merit.
Captain Thompson died on board the Grampus, of
which he was commander, off the coast of Africa, on
* Granger's Biographical History of England, vol. V, p. 160.

-
Z-rv;* & 1'u.V?- fa J.Q-reenwood; Hv-ll-

¦Jf^ra- .1/ a&r>ytss7&z ¦•

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 173
the 17th January, 1786. He was considered as a brave
and skilful commander ; and many young men, since
distinguished for naval enterprise, were brought up un
der his tuition, among whom were his nephew, the late
vice admiral Sir Thomas Boulden Thompson, and
the late rear-admiral Sir Home Popham.*
JOHN MASON,
the celebrated poet, whose works are well known, was
a native of this town. His grandfather Hugh Mason,
was appointed collector of the customs at this port, in
the year 1696 ; and his father, the Rev. William
Mason, from whom, according to the supposition of
Chalmers, he received the rudiments of his education,
was the vicar of the Holy Trinity Church, from the
year 1722, to the year 1753, when he died.t Our poet
was baptized on the 11th of March, 1724 — 5 ; and on
the 25th September, 1765, his connexion with Hull,
which he had quitted about the year 1754, on his ap
pointment to the living of Aston, in Yorkshire, was
revived by his marriage, at St. Mary's church, with
Mary, the daughter of William Sherman, Esq. of this
town. This lady did not long survive her marriage,
having died at the age of twenty-eight years, on the
27th March, 1767. She was buried at Bristol, where
a pathetic and justly celebrated epitaph is inscribed on
her tomb stone, by ber husband. Mr. Mason died on
the 7th of April, 1797, at the advanced age of seventy-
two years, and his memory is honoured by the following
inscription, placed on an elegant marble tablet, in poet's
corner, Westminster abbey : —
"Optimo Viro Gulielmo Mason, M. A.
Poetse, si quis alius, culto, casto, pio, sacrum."

* Frost's address, p. 14.
t He founded "the vicar's school," 1734, in commemoration
of the revolution. See charity schools.

174 PICTURE OF HULL.
BENJAMIN THOMPSON,
well known as the translator of the "Stranger" was the
eldest son of the late Benjamin Blaydes Thompson,
Esq. an alderman, and twice mayor of this town. Mr.
Thompson was born at Hull, on the 10th March, 1774,
and was sent, when about fifteen years of age, to finish
his education in Germany, where he acquired a critical
knowledge of the language of that country, and became
familiarly acquainted with the beauties of Kotzebue.
For some time after his return to England, he assisted
his father in the management of his business of a
timber merchant : during that period he translated the
celebrated play of "the Stranger," which was sent to
London, and performed there for the first time at
Diury-Lane Theatre, on the 24th March, 1798, with
great applause. Mr. Thompson soon after removed to
Nottingham, where he established himself as a timber
merchant, and married: he there published his transla
tion, from the German, of "Ildegerte, or the Queen of
Norway," in two volumes, 12mo; and "Adelaide of
Wulfingen, a tragedy." After a residence of about
two years at Nottingham, he retired to the neigh
bouring village of Arnold, where he turned his atten
tion to the breeding of Merino sheep, in consequence
of a present having been made to him by his late
Majesty, King George the Third, of apart of the royal
flock, from Kew. . This new speculation being an
unprofitable one, and his mercantile pursuits failing,
Mr. Thompson went to London, and became an author
by profession: he embarked as the Editor of a period
ical publication, and soon attained to considerable
eminence in the literary world. In 1799, he published
the following translations from the German, viz., —
three dramas entitled "La Perouse," "The Happy
Family," and "The Virgin of the Sun," "The Escape,
a Narrative," and "The Ring, or the Merry Wives of
Madrid;" and in the following year, "The Tragedy of
Inez de Castro," from the Portuguese. His transla
tions from Kotzebue, Schiller, Iflfand, Goethe, Lessing,

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICKS. 175
and others Which appeared under the title of the Ger
man Theatre, and extended to six volumes, 12mo.
Came out in monthly numbers, the first of which
appeared in 1800. In 1810, he published a translation,
from the French, of "An account of the introduction
of Merino sheep into the different states of Europe,
and at the Cape of Good Hope."
His original productions were not numerous, con
sisting only of some imitations of Gellert, which
first appeared in the Hull Advertiser in 1798, under
the signature of "Hugo," and which were afterwards
collected, and printed in » small pamphlet; a poem
called "The Recall of Momus, a Bagatelle;" "Godol
phin, or the Lion of the North, a drama," which was
performed without success at Drury-Lane Theatre, and
"Oberon's Oath, or the Paladin and the Princess, a
melo-dramatic romance," founded on a poem by
Wieland. The unfavourable reception of this last
piece, which was brought out at Drury-Lane, on the
21st May, 1816, is supposed to have occasioned the
death of its author ; his feelings were highly excited by
the disappointment of his expectations as to the suc
cess of his production, and on the 25th he died of
apoplexy.*

• The following account is given of this event by Dibdin, in
his Reminiscences : "A melo-dramatic romance, from the
German of Wieland, by my friend B. Thompson was produced
on the 21st, but not with that success we all wished him ; the
want of which turned out of most melancholy consequence to
his family and all his friends"  "On the 31st I was invited to
follow my friend Thompson to the grave; he had for some
time undergone several severe disappointments, and laboured
under much depression, when the total, (and to him unexpect
ed) failure of 'Oberon's Oath,' seemed quite to subdue him.
He had been talking with me of some arrangements respecting
the Surrey Theatre, in which it was imagined he could be of
use to me ; and with a view to arrange an engagement, he was
to call on me on Sunday the 25th ; — on that day he was a
corpse! The Reminiscences of Thomas Dibdin, Vol. 2,
page 93, as quoted by C. Frost.

176 PICTURE OP HULL.
DANIEL SYKES, ESQ. M. P.
The following sketch of Mr. Sykes, is extracted with permis
sion from a small work written by George Pryme, Esq. M. A.
and M.P. for private distribution among Mr. D. Sykes's friends.
The subject of this memoir is not known as an
author. Yet he belongs not to that class "who axe
mentioned with reverence rather for the possession
than the exertion of uncommon abilities."* His abili
ties were exerted, through life, in a wide range of
public as well as private utility, in contributing to
produce effects not confined to the times in which he
lived. The biography of this active class may perhaps
be more useful, though it excite not the interest which
we feel in comparing the writings with the habits and
the conduct of an author. It may point out the path
and tempt the steps of numerous aspirants. It may
stimulate the efforts of surviving fellow-labourers, by
shewing the reputation and wide-spread esteem to
which such a course may conduct. Animated by this
feeling, and by the fervour of long-continued friend
ship, the writer of this memoir has endeavoured to do
some justice to the character of Daniel Sykes.
The family originally resided at Syke- House in
Cumberland. His grandfather a younger son, settled
as a merchant at Leeds. The eldest brother, who.
also inherited property in the East- Riding of York
shire, and came to live there, is the ancestor of the
present Baronet, Sir Tatton Sykes. His father, whose
name was Joseph, quitted Leeds and became a mer
chant at Hull. He obtained a lease of the White Iron
Mines in Sweden, from which only the best steel can
be prepared; and thus insured an extensive and lucra
tive commerce with the iron-manufacturers of West
Yorkshire. Like many of the merchants of our great
sea-ports, he escaped from the smoke, and bustle, and
din of the town ; residing chiefly on an estate which he
* Dr. Johnson's Life of Edmund Smith.

'?

/

w

D. Sykes Esq* M..P,

JBogtavri. S..p„Ulsllei 1^ J.foe„TO,oi.si^dl7E^,.H«ll .

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 177
had purchased at West-Ella, about six miles higher up
the Humber. Here the undulation of the Wold hills
gives an appearance to the country, which may be
called picturesque, if compared with the level plain in
which Hull is situate.
He married Dorothy, daughter of Nicholas Twigge,
Esq. of Holme-House, near Bakewell, in the County
of Derby, by whom he had six sons and one daughter.
Of these, Daniel, the fifth, was born on the 12th Nov
ember, 1766. As a boy he had delicate health, but a
mind full of energy, and alive to all the feelings of
generosity and tenderness. His father, who was a
man of considerable acquirements, took great pains
with the early education of his sons ; and discerning
the abilities of Daniel, destined him for a profession,
where he might have the opportunity of exerting them.
When only six years old he was sent to Pocklington
school, in the East-Riding, which then enjoyed some
celebrity under the guidance of the Rev. Kingsman
Baskett. One of his school-fellows was William
Wilberforce, who was also the son of a Hull merchant;
and here was laid the foundation of a friendship which
lasted through life. He then passed a year as a pri
vate pupil with the Rev. Miles Popple ; and went, in
October, 1784, to Trinity College, Cambridge, of which
Mr. Popple was fellow. Here he encountered the
disadvantage and danger of emerging at once from the
narrow sphere of private education into the little world
of an University; and was at first, thrown among a set
of idle, gay young men, who endeavoured to draw him
into their own course of life. His exuberant spirits,
for a while, carried him along with them ; but in con
sequence of a serious remonstrance from his private
tutor, the Rev. George Waddington, who possessed the
more influence on account of being very little senior to
him, he changed his manner of life, and steadily pur
sued his studies. On taking his B. A. degree in 1788,
he was fourteenth Wrangler, and then went to study
law at the Temple. . But an ague, which he attributed
to passing, in January ^a four day's examination in the
2a

178 PICTURE OF tfUtt.
Senate House without fires, long hung upon him, and
frequently returned. In 1790 he became a candidate
for a fellowship. As his health was then very indiffer
ent, his father wished him to desist ; and offered to
make up to him the pecuniary advantage which he
might sacrifice. His answer was, "Ten thousand
pounds a-year would not make it up to me:" he per
severed, and was elected.
As yet the languor of disease had not diminished the
fervor of his mind; but a year or two afterwards,
when the Recordership of Hull became vacant, and
his father, who was an alderman of that town, thought
he could obtain the appointment, his answer was, "I
am ready to do what my father wishesy but I am not
desirous of the situation. Three years of sickness, by
interrupting my studies, have made my success in the
law doubtful, and at least very distant. The same
cause has so weakened my spirits, that I am almost
indifferent whether I succeed or not," The hopes of
the Recordership were then resigned: but his health
soon improved ; he resumed his studies with more
energy; and was called to the Bar in 1793. To his
profession he. now gave entire attention. But his
progress was impeded by another painful and tedious
illness, which nearly brought him to the grave, and
produced an effect upon bis constitution, from which
he perhaps never entirely recovered.
In August, 1795, he married Miss Isabella Wright,.
of Stamford-Bridge, near York. Their attachment
had been formed in youth, and strengthened in maturer
years. A more perfect union of heart and soul perhaps
never existed. Their tastes, their feelings, and their
wishes were alike. She seemed, through life, to have
no other thought than to assist and participate in his
plans, whether of business or amusement; while he
was equally studious of her inclinations and happiness.
Mr. Sykes was, from early youth, a friend to free
dom. Almost from infancy he had attracted the notice
and regard of Sir George Saville, of Mason the poet,
of David Hartley, Christopher Wyvill, and others of

BIOGRAPHICAL notices. 179
his father's friends; whose names will long remain
fresh among the purest patriots of the reign of George
the Third. On their principles he acted in the com
mencement of his career, and never abandoned them
till it was closed. In London he had become a mem
ber of the Society, called "The Friends of the People."
At first he attended their meetings, and shewed the
ardour of his mind in their cause ; but the excesses of
the French Revolution ; the war which soon became a
struggle for national existence; and the severe conduct
of the Government towards the advocates of Reform,
in some degree restrained his efforts, and also soon
-caused the dissolution of the Society.

After his father's* death in 1805, his increased for-

* On the north side of the chancel of Kirkella Church, is a
beautiful monument in white marble, executed by J. Bacon,
Junior, and erected in 1809, to theumemory of J. Sykes, Esq.
merchant, alderman, and twice mayor of Hull ; patron of this
church ; born 1723, died 1805. He was the father of the sub-
2a2

180

PICTURE OP HULL.

tune enabled him to exercise a more dignified and
extensive hospitality. He accordingly enlarged his
mansion at Raywell. It was two miles further from
Hull than his former residence; seated on a declivity
facing the south, in one of the many little valleys of the
Wold hills. Old woods were around ; and the ine
qualities of the adjacent ground were such as to give
effect to the plantations and other improvements which
he made with no ordinary taste.
Mr. Sykes steadily and strenuously pursued that
political course which he had early adopted; and he
manfully maintained his opinions, however small the
minority with which he acted. At every election, at
every public meeting, he scattered abroad that seed
which he hoped might hereafter be productive ; and
sought to check that misgovernment which could not
then be averted. It would be impracticable to learn,
and perhaps tedious to detail, these local annals of
political effort. On every suitable opportunity, he en
deavoured to promote, and always took an active part
at, public meetings of the County and at Hull, — for
Parliamentary Reform, — the Liberty of the Press, —
Public Economy, — the Abolition of Colonial Slavery, —
and the Repeal of Religious Disabilities. To the
East India Monopoly, he was decidedly hostile ; and
very early in the discussion of that question, he united
his endeavours with its other enemies, in making it un
derstood by the trading portion of the community.
His habits were social rather than convivial ; his
contempt for the pleasures of the table, and his tem
perance were such, that he has expressed the wish of
being spared the trouble of eating and drinking. This

ject of this memoir. It represents a base, on which is seated
Commerce, with a ship and other emblems. Above is a rock
arid a sarcophagus, with a figure of the deceased rising. Th ere
are also representations of Religion, Justice, and Charity.
, This is by far the handsomest church monument we are ac
quainted with, in the East-riding of Yorkshire. Inthevestry
is also a bust of that gentleman, from which our drawing,
annexed, was made.

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 181
rendered him only the more desirous of intercourse
with persons of cultivated mind, and led him to prefer
the habitual society, which a visit of some days afford
ed, to the formal festivities of a regular dinner party.
His affluent circumstances enabled him to indulge this
wish, while his regular habits and economy of time
still ieft leisure for literary pursuits.
The death of George the Third, occasioned a gener
al Election in March, 1820. Mr. Sykes received an
invitation from Liverpool, but declined it. At first he
resolved not to be a candidate for Hull, but the difficul
ty of finding a member of his own opinions, and the
earnest solicitations of his relatives and friends at length
prevailing, he declared himself, and was returned with
out a contest.
He founded an Anti-Slavery Society in Hull, of which
he wrote the principal report. And he undertook a
missionary excursion into Holderness and other parts
of Yorkshire, holding meetings in the principal places,
and addressing the hearers with great fervency and
effect. The education of the lower classes had always
been a favourite object of his mind, and commanded his
active assistance. The invention of Infant Schools had,
therefore, attracted his admiration. He studied the
plan and details of one in London, and succeeded, amid
much coldness and discouragement, in establishing one
at Hull.
At the General Election in 1826, he seemed indiffer
ent about being again returned to Parliament. While
the country was in the fervour of Election, he passed
some days with his friends at Cambridge, a place which
he delighted frequently to visit and to revive his aca
demical recollections. He returned to Raywell a few
days before the Election ; was invited by a numerous
deputation from Hull, and was again returned.
The death of George the Fourth, produced a sudden
dissolution in the summer of 1830. Mr. Sykes was
still less desirous than before of a seat in Parliament.
He had resolved not to offer for Hull, where many of
the Shipowners were displeased at his support of some

182 PICTURE OP HULL.
measures of Free Trade, and especially of the Recipro
city System, which they thought would be injurious to
their private interest. He was previously aware that
such must be the consequence of his votes and of his
speeches ; but he considered it to be the duty of legisla
tors not to scramble for the interests of particular
classes but to look with comprehensive views to the
general welfare.
Two of the Representatives for Yorkshire had re
tired. Mr. Bethell was generally approved for one of
the vacancies ; but considerable doubt existed among
rival claimants as to the other. The immense expenses
of a contest rendered every one anxious to resort to
other modes of ascertaining the sense of the County.
An early meeting of Whig landed proprietors was
usually holden at York, and after two additional mem
bers had been transferred from Grampound, delegates
from the manufacturing towns in the West- Riding
met them. The country gentlemen were desirous of
nominating one of their own body. Among others
mentioned was Mr. Sykes, whose popularity in the
West-Riding, where he often, visited, was scarcely less
than in his own district The delegates (who at first
assembled in a different room) were desirous of having
Mr. Brougham, and some of the country gentlemen
had the same wish. Mr. Sykes endeavoured to nego
tiate between them. It was proposed that a show of
hands of the united bodies should decide the point; but
the delegates stated, that their instructions were for
Henry Brougham only, and that if the choice did not
fall upon him, they must return in dissent to their res
pective towns. Mr. Sykes readily withdrew his own
pretensions, and at length induced others to do the
same. They now unanimously agreed to support Mr.
Brougham ; and thus the largest county in the king
dom set the splendid example of electing, without ex
pense, a representative, who was neither a native, a
resident, nor even a freeholder, but known to them
only by his public conduct.
While Mr. Sykes was at York, a deputation came

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 183
to invite him to be a candidate for Beverley. They
found him "very reluctant to comply with their re
quest;"* but the temptation was too strong to be
resisted amid the political excitement of the time and
place. He returned with them, and after a severe
contest was elected.
In September a splendid public dinner wa3 given to
him at Hull, to commemorate his services as its repre
sentative, and to shew their sentiments towards him
when he was so no longer.
In July 1831, he began to be afflicted with a can
cerous affection of the pancreas, extending to the
stomach, and went to Leamington with the hope of re
gaining his health, but returned home after a stay of
six weeks, much worse, and considerably emaciated.
His weakness was exceeding, and the pain at times
excruciating. He now felt convinced of what he had
long suspected, that his recovery was hopeless. He
arranged his letters and papers, — made a fresh will, —
and wrote a paper of directions, full of kindness,
benevolence, and piety. He then gradually withdrew
himself from the concerns of this world, and spent most
of his time in devotional meditation and reading. But
his mind was never clouded : he conversed, when pain
permitted, and dictated letters to his friends. He often
quoted, as peculiarly applicable to himself, those ex
pressive lines of Horace :
"Linquenda tellus, et domus, et placens
Uxor; neque h arum, quas colis, arborum,
Te, prseter invisas cupressos,
TJlla brevem dominum sequetur." t

' Letter to Thomas Sandwith, Esq. 24th. July, 1830.
t Thy pleasing Consort must be left,
And you of villas, lands, bereft,
Must to the shades descend;
The cypress only, hated tree,
Of all thy much lov'd groves shall thee,
Its short liv'd Lord, attend. Francis.
Carm: Lib. II. xiv. 20.

184 PICTURE OV HULL,
He had them engraved on a stone tablet, and placed in
the outer wall of a rustic temple, in those beautiful
plantations near his house, which he had tended with
so much care. But he was only able to visit it once
after the tablet was erected. From the walk in his
grounds, he was gradually reduced to the drive in his
carriage, — to confinement in the house,— to his room, —
to his bed. During all this protracted period of lan
guor and suffering, his cheerfulness never deserted him.
One trait may shew that happy frame of mind which
he uniformly retained. After a night of much suffering
from pain and sickness, he desired, in the morning, his
curtains to be undrawn, that he might see the birds fly
"It is," said he, "a pleasure to me, they look so
happy." On the 13th of January, 1832, he took leave of his
servants, giving them presents. During the last two
days of his life, all suffering was over, except what was
caused by extreme languor and exhaustion, which
gradually increased, till on the 24th he breathed his
last so quietly, that the precise moment of his departure
could not be perceived.
His dislike of show, and his regard to the feelings of
his widow, led him to desire that no hatchment might
be erected ; nor the funeral be public. But the latter
request was beyond the power of his family to ensure.
He had a great abhorrence of any thing bordering
on meanness or insincerity, and would' only just toler
ate the society of those in whom he noticed such
defects. This feeling, together with his desire of deri
ving from social intercourse something more than mere
amusement, made him cautious in forming intimacies,
and somewhat difficult of access beyond what the cour
tesies of life required. He may be classed among those
who hide beneath a cold exterior, the strong glow of
feeling, and a heart warm with affection. But the
magic circle once passed, there was no man with whom
friends were more at ease, and might be more familiar
without fear of offence. It was with difficulty he could
be induced to think less favourably of those whom he

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 185
had once liked. He viewed their errors with sorrow ;
their foibles with good nature; and apologized for them
when others condemned or ridiculed.
His religious sentiments were firm and fervent,
without enthusiasm. He adhered to the Church of
England ; but entertained an opinion, not uncommon
in the present age, that Churches and Sects had fre
quently dogmatised on points beyond the comprehen
sion of mortal man, and not meant to be explicitly re
vealed. These he neither believed nor disbelieved:
receiving, with humble faith, all that was clear, and
that seemed essential, but deeming it to border on
presumption when we scrutinize beyond,
WILLIAM WILBERFORCE, ESQ.*
Was one]of those remarkable individuals who are rai
sed up from time to time to give a new and permanent
stamp to the concerns of large portions of mankind ;
who have not passed through life and left behind them
no distinct record of their existence; but whose name
is traced upon the tablets of history, and is blended
with the affairs of mighty nations. In the application
of this remark to Mr. Wilberforce, we do not allude
merely to that great question of justice, religion, hu
manity, and national policy, with which he is most
currently and popularly identified; but also, and we
might say more peculiarly, to the influence of his
character and conduct as a Christian.
His ancestors for many years were successfully en
gaged in trade at Hull. His great-greafegrandfather
was a Mr. William Wilberforce, who was one of the
Governors of Beverley, in the year 1670. The grand
son of this gentleman married Sarah, the daughter of
Mr. John Thornton; about~the year 1711 ; and hence,
we believe, originated that intimate connexion with the
Thornton family, which continued to the end of Mr.
* This sketch is principally derived from ths Christian
Advocate, for September, 1833.
2b

186 PICTURE OP HULL.
Wilberforce's life. There were two sons and two
daughters, the issue of this marriage. William, the
elder son, died without issue in the year 1780. Robert,
the younger, married Miss Elizabeth Bird; the aunt,
we believe, of the present Bishops of Winchester and
Chester. The late Mr. Wilberforce was the only son
of Mr. Robert Wilberforce, a Hull merchant;" and
grandson of. Mr. William Wilberforce, who twice ser
ved the office of mayor of this town. There were two
daughters, Elizabeth and Sarah ; the former died un
married ; the latter was twice married, first to the Rev.
— Clarke, and then to Mr. Stephen, the late Master in
Chancery. Mr. Wilberforce was born at Hull, in the year 1759,
in a house in High^street,* now the property of Mr.
Henwood." He was, in early life, educated at the Gram
mar school here, and afterwards at the Free school at
Pocklington. He went to St. John's College, Cambridge, as a
fellow- commoner, at the usual age, and there formed
an intimacy with Mr. Pitt, which remained unbroken
till his death . Mr. Wilberforce did not attain academic
honours ; andj in fact, such honours were rarely sought
at that time by those who wore a fellow-commoner's
gown: hut he was distinguished as a man of elegant
attainments and acknowledged classical taste. Dr. I.
Milner, the late President of Queen's College in the
same university, was another intimate of Mr. Wilber
force, and accompanied him and Mr. Pitt in a tour to
Nice. We believe Miss Sarah Wilberforce was also of
the party. This little event deserves particular men
tion, for he has often been heard to acknowledge that
his first serious impressions of religion were derived
from his conversation with Dr. I. Milner, during the

* "The house of Mr. John Lister, commonly so called from
his living therein in king Charles ye First's time, where he
nobly treated him; ye thing that makes it observable is its
handsome front to y« street, and not being crowded with ad
joining buildings." A, De la Pryme's M S.

Drawn by J. Livesey. Engraved on Wood by J. Greenwood.
THE HOUSE IN WHICH WILBERFORCE WAS BORN.

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 187
journey. Mr. Wilberforce was chosen as the representative of
his native town, as soon as he attained his majority.
We believe that he represented Hull for two, if not
three parliaments. He does not appear to have taken
an active part in the business of the House till 1783,
when he seconded an address of thanks on the peace.
It cannot but be interesting at the present time, to find
that in 1785, Mr. Wilberforce spoke in favour of a re
form in parliament, when that subject was brought for
ward by Mr. Pitt. The plan then suggested was infin
itely short of that which has since been carried into
effect. Mr. Pitt proposed to suppress thirty-six decayed
boroughs, to distribute their members among the coun
ties, and to establish a fund of one million for the
purchase of the franchise of other boroughs, to be
transferred to unrepresented towns. It is worthy of
remark, that Mr. Fox, who avowed himself favourable
to the principle of reform, but resisted the plan of
purchasing it, complained of Mr. Wilberforce for not
taking the most conciliatory mode of acquiring strength
in the cause, and for reproaching characters of the
greatest weight in Parliament.
It was in 1788 that Mr. Wilberforce first gave notice
of his purpose to draw the attention of the legislature
to the subject of the slave trade ; on the 12th of May,
1789, he again brought the question before the House,
introducing it with one of those powerful and impressive
speeches which have justly classed him among the
most eloquent men of his day; in 1790, Mr. Wilber
force revived the subject, when his motion was lost by
a majority of 75.
But Mr. Wilberforce was not to be discouraged.
On the 3rd of April, 1792, he again moved the aboli
tion; and he was again opposed by all the virulence
and all the sophistry of colonial interest. After many
similar unsuccessful attempts, he again renewed his
favourite scheme on the 20th of May, 1804, when he
moved that the house should resolve itself into a
committee, and he prefaced his motion with one of the

188

PICTURE OF HULL.

most impassioned speeches ever made within its walls.
His bill passed the third reading, by a majority of
thirty- six, but was too late in the session to be discuss
ed in the Lords; it was postponed to the ensuing
session. This was the last time he took the lead in
this great question. On the 10th of June, in 1806,
Mr. Fox, who was then in office, brought it forward at
Mr. Wilberforce's special request. He rightly calcu
lated on the superior influence of ministerial power.
The bill, under the auspices of government, passed the
lower House by a majority of one hundred and four
teen to fifteen; and through the efforts of Lord
Grenville, was, at length, triumphant in the Lords.
But the triumph was fairly given to Mr. Wilberforce.
In the following year, his return for Yorkshire, which
county he had represented in several successive Par
liaments, was warmly contested ; but such was the
ardour with which the friends of humanity espoused
his interest, that their subscriptions far exceeded the
expense of his election, although more than .£100,000.
He remained in Parliament for many years, until he
was nearly the father of the House. About the year
1825 he retired altogether into domestic life.
In J 797, he married Miss Barbara Spooner, the
daughter of an opulent banker at Birmingham. We
believe that it was about this time he published his
celebrated work on Christianity. It was his only
work on religious or miscellaneous subjects.
His lady and four sons have survived him. His
eldest daughter died unmarried in 1829. His other
daughter married the Rev. J. James, and died within
twelve months of her marriage.
In his domestic life, he was playful and animated to
a degree. He was extremely fond of children, and
would enter into their gambols with the gaiety of a
school-boy. In his person there was nothing calcula
ted to excite attention; but, when his countenance was
animated by conversation, the expression of the
features was very striking.
He died July 27th 1833, aged 73 years. His re-

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

189

mains are interred in Westminster Abbey, close to those
of Pitt and Canning. It was not less honourable to
the age than to his memory, to witness men of every
rank, and every party, joining together to pay the last
tribute of homage to a man whose title to public grati
tude was exclusively founded upon his private worth
and his disinterested services to mankind.
A memorial of this distinguished individual, is now
in the course of erection, in this his native town, at the
foot of the Junction Bridge : it is to consist of a Column,
one hundred feet in height, crowned with a statue of
the philanthropist, ten feet in height; the funds for
which, were raised by subscriptions in this town. It
has been thought that the design, which is by Mr.
Clarke of Leeds, and the situation are unworthy the
object.

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA.

HULL POST OFFICE.
Post Master. — Thomas Rodmell, Esq. Prin
cipal Clerk and Office keeper, Richard Mosey.
Assistant Clerks — Fletcher Clarke, and John Raspin.
Letter Carriers, — John Holdsworth, Edward Bell,
John Todd, George Coggrave, and Thomas Watson.
The Office opens from 5th. April to 5th. October, at
Seven in the morning, and from 5th. October to 5th.
April, at Eight. ARRIVALS, H. H.
York Midnight Mail  at 12
Hornsea, Hedon, and Patrington..at 10 30 Forenoon.
Scarbro'  at 11 15 Do.
York Morning Mail  ....at 11 15 Do.
London Mail  at 2 50 Afternoon.
DISPATCH,
York First Mail  at 11 0 Forenoon.
London  ..at 11 30 Do.
Scarbro'  at 3 — Afternoon.
Hornsea, Hedon, and Patrington at 3 — Do.
York  at 4 — Do.
MAILS, POST COACHES, &c.
To London, — the Royal Mail, from the Coach
Office, 32, Queen Street, every morning $ past 11,
arrives every afternoon at a \ before 3 : and the Ex
press every morning at 12, (Sundays excepted) arrives
at 3 afternoon ; both go to Barton by the Royal Char
ter Steam Packet, and from thence through Brigg,
Lincoln, Sleaford, Peterboro', Biggleswade, Baldock,
&c. 2c

192 PICTURE OF HULL.
To York, — the Trafalgar, every morning at 6. A
pair horse Coach every morning at 8, during the sum
mer. The New Royal Mail, every morning at 11, and
the Old Royal Mail, every afternoon at four; all go
from the Cross Keys Inn, through Beverley and
Market Weighton.
To Scarbro', — the Royal Mail at 3 every afternoon.
The Wellington, every morning (Sundays excepted)
at 8, from the Cross Keys Inn, through Beverley,
Driffield, Bridlington, &c.
To Bridlington, — the British Queen, every after
noon J past 3, from the Minerva Hotel, and Mrs.
Banks's Bull and Sun, during the summer.
To Lincoln, Grantham, and Nottingham, — the
Union, every morning at 7, by the Royal Charter
Steam Packet, to Barton.
To Boston, — the Pelham, from the Cross Keys
Inn, every afternoon, (Sundays excepted) at 1 ; goes
through Caistor, Market- Rasen, Wragby, and Horn-
castle, by the Magna Charta Steam Packet, to New
Holland. To Beverley, — the King William, from the Blue
Bell, Prospect Street, and the Adelaide, from the Blue
Bell, Waterworks Street, every morning at 9 ; and
Clark's Coach, from the Rein Deer, Market-Place,
every afternoon at 5; the Van, United Kingdom, every
Tuesday and Friday afternoon at 5, from the Humber
Tavern. To Hornsea, — the Union, from Charles Wardell's,
Land of Green Ginger, every afternoon at 4 during the
summer, and a Coach from R. J. Chaffer's, Silvester
Street, during the summer.
To Patrington, — a Coach from Mrs. Wing's,
North Bridge, and Holderness New Inn, every Mon
day and Saturday morning, at 8, and Tuesday, Thurs
day, and Friday afternoon at 5 ; goes through Hedon.
To South Cave, — a Post Coach, from Edward
Miles's Livery Stables, Carr Lane, every afternoon,
(Sundays excepted) at 5 afternoon.
To Hessle, — a Post Coach, from Edward Miles's,

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. 193
every morning, (Sundays excepted) at 8, and every
afternoon at 4 ; and the Briton, from the Paragon Inn,
every Tuesday and Friday afternoon at 5.
To Cottingham, — a Post Coach, from Charles
Wardell's, every morning at 8, and every afternoon at
3; and William Allison's Coach from the Blue Bell,
Waterworks Street, every afternoon at 4, Sundays at 8.
— Kirk-Ella, — Fillingham's Omnibus, every day.
HACKNEY COACHES.
The establishment of Hackney Coaches in this
town last year, has proved an object of great Public
utility, particularly to strangers, on their arrival by the
Steam Packets, or Coaches. The following is a list of
Fares: s. d.
DISTANCE — not exceeding a Mile . ... 1 0
Any Distance not exceeding half-a-mile after
the first Mile an additional  0 6
Every stoppage after the first fare to take more
up or set any down  0 6
Every quarter of an-hour kept waiting after
being called or sent for  0 6
Where the fare amounts to Four Shillings, the hirer to be at
liberty to detain the Carriage an hour and return for half fare.
PersonscallingaCoachandnotusingit,topay . 1 0
Hirings made between the hours of 12 at night and 7 in the
morning, to be double the fares stated above.
TIME — not exceeding half-an-hour .... I 0
Every succeeding quarter ditto  0 6
A Day (not exceeding 12 hours) ..... 18 0
Which fares include any reasonable Luggage the Passengers
may have with them.
CARRIERS.
To London, Nottingham, Birmingham, Lincoln,
Cambridge, and all parts of the South, — Deacon,
Nicholson, and Co's. Waggons, (by way of New
Holland) John Catterson agent, Dagger Lane; and
Wilson and Wattam's, (by way of Barton.) Charles
Marshall, and George Ashton, agents, both leave every
Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday.
To York, Knaresbro', Darlington, Newcastle, S,c,
2c2

194 PICTURE OF HULL.
every Tuesday and Friday, from Charles Marshall's,
Wellington Street; and Ann Wilson's waggons from
Dagger Lane, every Tuesday and Friday, John Catter-
son, agent.
The introduction of Steam Navigation has assisted
materially to increase the prosperity of the port of
Hull. The rapidity with which steam vessels are
impelled, and the excellent accommodation they afford
to passengers, together with the moderate charge for
fares and refreshments, induce thousands of persons to
visit Hull who would never otherwise have taken the
journey. The Caledonia, was the first Steam Packet belonging
to this place, and commenced plying between Hull and
Selby in 1815. At present there are about forty
STEAM SHIPS, PACKETS, AND TUGS,
in connection with this port, the following is a list, and
the places they trade to :
To Hamburgh, — the Transit, William Draper,
master, and the Monarch, George Wilkinson, master;
one of which vessels sail every Saturday, with the Post
Office letter bag. Richard Tottie, Minerva Terrace,
and Brownlow and Pearson, 62, High Street, agents.
And the William the Fourth, Captain Knocker; the
Lee, Captain Mowle, one of which also sails every
Saturday, with the Post Office letter bag. J. and J.
Sanderson, agents, Pier Street.
To Rotterdam, — the Scotia, Captain W. Bouch,
with Post Office letter bag, every Wednesday after
noon. J. and J. Sanderson, agents.
To London, — the Gazelle, Charles Bell, master;-
the Yorkshireman, John Agars, master; one of which
leave here every Wednesday and Saturday mornings
at 6. Brownlow and Pearson, agents. And the En
terprise, every Wednesday morning at 6. Hudson
and Cobby, Agents.
To Yarmouth,— -the Albatross, B. Matthewman,
master, sails from here every Saturday evening.

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. 195
Robert Keddy, agent. High Street.
To Newcastle, — the Kingstown, Richard Williams,
master, leaves here every Friday. Robert Keddy,
agent. To Lynn, — the Lord Nelson, J. Smith, master;
sails every Wednesday, at high water. Thomas
Campbell, agent, 80, High Street.
To Selby, — the Adelaide, the Leeds, and Sovereign,
one of which sails every day, (Sundays excepted)
three hours before high water.
To Goole, — the Aire and Calder Navigation com
pany's Packets every day, three hours before
high water, (Sundays excepted.) Brownlow and
Pearson, agents.
— Gainsbro' — the Trent, and the Atlas one of
which sails every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday,
with goods. Thomas Campbell, agent. The Dart,
Mercury, British Queen, and Albion, one of which
sails every day with goods and passengers, three
hours before high water. William Lewis, agent, 2,
Wellington Street.
— Grimsby, — the Pelham, with the Mail bags,
sails every day, at high water. William Lewis, agent.
— Brigg, — the Elizabeth, sails at 3 every day,
(Thursdays excepted) application to be made at the
General Elliott, High Street.
— Thome — the John Bull and the Rockingham,
one of which sails every day, (Sundays excepted)
Brownlow and Pearson, agents.
— Barton, — the Royal Charter Mail Packet, four
times a day. A horse boat to Barton waterside daily.
To New Holland, the Magna Charta Mail Packet, four
times every day.
Passengers to Selby are forwarded to Leeds by the
Railway, and to York by Coach, on the arrival of the
Packets; at Thome to Doncaster and Sheffield; at
Gainsbro' to Lincoln, Retford, &c. ; at Grimsby to
Louth; and Packets from Goole meet Coaches at
Knottingley for Wakefield, and at Castleford for
Leeds.

196 PICTURE OP HULL.

NEWSPAPERS.

Four weekly newspapers are published in Hull.
The Hull Packet, established in 1787, is edited by
Mr. P. Arnull, and is published every Friday morning,
by Messrs. Goddard and Brown, 5] , Lowgate.
The Hull Advertiser, established in 1794, is edited
and published by Mr. William Kennedy, for self and
other proprietors, every Friday morning1, at 26 Lowgate.
The Hull Rockingham, established in 1808, is edi
ted and published by the Rev. George Lee, at 9, Bowl
alley Lane, every Saturday morning.
The Hull Observer, established in 1834, is published
at the same office as the Advertiser, and appears every
Tuesday morning. The Packet is a Tory paper ; the
Advertiser a liberal, and the Rockingham a whig
paper; whilst the Observer being of a descriptive,
rather than a controversial character, is more moderate
in its tone, though inclined to support liberal opinions.
THE STAMP OFFICE,
is situate No. 7, Parliament Street, Andrew Fitzgerald
Reynolds, Esq., is the distributer for the County and
Town of Hull, and the East- Riding of the Countv of
York.
THE HULL, EAST-RIDING, AND NORTH LIN
COLNSHIRE SCHOOLMASTER'S ASSOCIATION,
established October 1st 1823, by a number of School
masters residing in Hull and the surrounding district.
The object of the institution is by regular quarterly
subscriptions and by donations from the opulent, to
raise a permanent fund, in order to relieve aged and
infirm schoolmasters, when incapacitated to pursue their
vocation; and also to provide a certain income for
their widows and orphans, after their decease.
THE FLORAL SOCIETY,
instituted February 12th 1824, holds seven shows an-

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. 197
nually, and distributes between two and three hundred
prizes. The attention of its promoters has of late
been particularly directed to the improvement of Cottage
Gardening, and rewards have been given to cottagers in
furtherance of that object, although they were not
subscribers. SEAMAN'S FRIENDLY SOCIETY,
established November 8th 1832: the objects are — "To
obtain, if possible, an equitable disbursement of the
monies paid into the seaman's funds, of which the
Trinity-house are Trustees: — To protect seamen gen
erally, and preserve their rights: — To protect seamen,
especially those who may be shipwrecked, and if
possible, obtain their wages by legal process." Attach
ed to the society is a library for the use of the members.
The management of the society is by a President,
Vice-President, Secretary, and Treasurer.
BURGESSES' ASSOCIATION,
instituted September, 1832, for protecting the rights of
the Burgesses of the town of Kingston-upon-Hull;
the business of this association is managed by a com
mittee of twenty-one members, with a President and
Secretary. The objects are threefold: —
First. By every possible means to ascertain the
Rights of the Burgesses, and to make every Burgess
fully acquainted with the nature and value of those
Rights, and of the mode in which they operate upon
the Interests of the Town and Neighbourhood of Hull.
Secondly. The restoration by every legal and con
stitutional means of the Rights (if any) of which the
Burgesses have been deprived.
Thirdly. The attainment of a just and equitable
form of Municipal Government for the Town and
Neighbourhood of Hull ; and more especially publicity
of the Accounts of the Corporation of Mayor and
Burgesses, and an extension of the close and secret
Common Council.

198 PICTURE OP HULL.
DIVISIONS AND BOUNDARIES.
The town of Hull, exclusive of its populous suburbs
in the parishes of Sculcoates, Drypool, and Sutton, is
divided into two parishes, viz.: Holy Trinity, and St.
Mary's, and for the convenience of their parochial and
municipal affairs, are subdivided into eight Wards,
named Austin, Humber, North, North Myton, South
Myton, St. Mary's, Trinity, and Whitefriargate. The
town was first divided into wards in 1443, and from
that time to the year 1824 there were only six, each of
which was formerly governed by two aldermen under
the mayor. The parochial affairs are now managed
by forty guardians, five of whom are elected for each
of the eight wards.
The river Hull,* and the Docks, separate the town
and suburbs into three great divisions, and completely
insulate the old town. On the north side of the old
Dock, is the parish of Sculcoates ; nearly all the build
ings here, have been erected within the last sixty years,
and now constitute many spacious and well built
streets. This part of the town as well as the suburbs
in Drypool, Sutton, and Stone Ferry, on the east side
of the river Hull, are in the County of York. The
buildings lying west of the Humbert and the Junction
Docks, have arisen still more recently. The erections
of the last few years have given this part of the town

* The river Hull rises near Lissett, six miles south of
Bridlington, whence it pursues a southerly direction to the
Humber at Hull, forming in its course the western boundary
of Holderness. It is navigable for small craft as far as El-
motlands, near Frodingham, whence there is a canal toGreat-
Driffield, and another from Leven falls into the Hull in the
neighbourhood of Tickton.
t The Humber is the receptacle of all the eastern rivers of
England, from the Swale to the Trent, it is the boundary of
the East- Riding of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, and is at Hull
from two to three miles in breadth. Formed by the conflux of
the Ouse and the Trent, and rolls its mighty waters to the
German Ocean at Spurn Point.

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. 199
quite a new character, they occupy the Bite of the
supposed situation of the ancient town of Myton, by
which name this suburb is now distinguished, and is
included in the County of Hull.

CORPORATION OF THE TOWN, AND OFFICERS
IN 1835.
Mayor, Edward Gibson, Esq.
Recorder, Cresswell Cresswell, Esq.
ALDERMEN.
Richard William Moxon, Esq.
George Schonswar, —
William Hall, —
Christopher Bolton, —
Henry Thomson, —
Charles Whitaker, —
George Coulson, —
Avison Terry, —
Robert Raikes, —
Thomas Bentley Locke, —
William Barkworth, —
Francis Hall, —
Sheriff, John Egginton, Esq.
Chamberlains, H. J. Harrison, and Charles Hustwick.
Water Banff, C. Lutwidge, Esq.
Agent, F. W. Price.
Town Clerk, G. Codd, Esq.
Town's Husband, William Bolton.
High Constable, Richard Ellis.
Surveyor, Francis Tadman.
Town Bailiff and Sergeant at Mace, Francis Stamp.
County Bailiff, James Bullock, Swanland.
Sword Bearer, Thomas Oglesby.
Mayor's Officer and Silver Mace Bearer,
Daniel Taylor.
Gold Mace Bearer and Billet Master, Richard Andrew
Gaoler, Francis Coates.
2d

200 PICTURE OF HULL.
Chief Constable and Lock- up- Keeper, Henry Lee.
Mayor's Beadles, James Haddon and John Ward.
Town Crier, W. Levett.

CORPORATION OF THE TRINITY HOUSE IN 1835.
WARDENS.
Mr. Benjamin Holland and Mr. Charles Horncastle.
ELDER BRETHREN,
Mr. John Thackray,
— William Collinson, Senr.
— John Hall,
— T. H. Marshall,
— William Collinson, Jun.
Capt. T. Whitaker, R. N.
Mr. William Field,
— George Hall,
— John Masterman,
— John Alder,
ASSISTANTS.
Mr. Robert Gill,
— John Bennett,
— John Sugden,
— Alexander Webster,
— Joseph Sykes,
One Vacancy.
OFFICERS.
Rev. G. I. Davies, Chaplain; William Bunney,
Secretary; G. Fielding, Surgeon; R. Stubbing, Land
Agent; Charles Lutwidge, Receiver of Buoyage;
W. T. Beilby, Warden's Clerk; William Wilson,
Assistant Clerk; Francis Dales, Surveyor; Benjamin
Bee, Buoy Master; M. J. Fullam, Master of the
Mariner's School; Aaron Shaw, Chapel Clerk; Sarah
Robinson, Matron.

ADDENDA ET CORRTGENDA. 201
Page. Line.
7 3 dele inverted commas.
8 13 footnote: for 'Tiekhiir read Tickell.
11 2 for 120 years read 200 years.
16 22 put a period after 'request'.
31 Note: add, 'The town actually petitioned in
favor of the earl of Durham. On being made
acquainted with this fact, the Duke of Wel
lington declined the honor proffered by the
Mayor and Aldermen.
32 Note: the present members are D. Carruthers
and W. Hutt, Esqrs.
Footnote: for 'Friemerk' read 'Frismerk\
Instead of 'four leading branches' of commerce
stale 'five'; and add 'the trade with our
North American Colonies.'
for, 'stupenduous' read 'stupendous*.
for 'On the 22nd of September in that year' read
•"In the month of August, in the year 1773.
add, 'the burial ground opposite Myton. place,
belongs to Trinity Churcn'.
The sentence following the word Bible, in the
text, should be added to the first foot note in
this page.
for 'sifiaes' read 'si fides.'
for 'hue' read 'hue'
for 'sine sine,' read 'sine fine*.
for 'truely' read 'truly.'
After Alderman, add and Merchant. [N. B.
We find that by adhering to Hadley's transla
tions of these inscriptions, their meaning is but
imperfectly rendered.]
for 'Lmbin' read 'Lambin.'
add, tbe burial ground in Trippet, belongs St.
Mary's Church.
dele 'future.'
insert 'mural' before 'monument.'
The Rev. W. Keary is the present minister of
Sculcoates.
The Rev. J. King is the minister of Christ
Church.
The Rev. . . Wanton is the present incumbent
of Drypool Church. The Rev. H. Venn, was
his predecessor; and the living is in the gift of
the wilberforce family.
for 'su peri n tendance' read 'superintendence.'
for ¦'chandeleer' read 'chandelier.'
Note: for 'transplanted himself5 read'been trans-
pi anted.'
118 - - for 'about 12 years' read 'above.'

3540

8

46

12
26

61

3

62

8

66
69

18
20
252729

73 75

31 32

7679

6
23

81

--

82

92 94
95

2 4

202 PICTURE OF HULL.
119 -- for 'essayists' read 'authors.'
- - (since dead) should follow (then President.)
— for 'professor' read 'a professor.'
for Wiedmann read WIEDEMANN.
'Wawnenuts'read Wawne; Nuts.
for 'was' read 'were.1
for 'manufacturies* read 'manufactories.7
By a recent regulation the Botanic Garden is
open to any person subscribing £1. per annum
Note: for 'extend* read 'accrue.'
for Antiqnuum read Antiquum.
Note: for 'catastrophies' read 'catastrophes.'

1ZU 124

3

143

17

145

21

148

--

150

155

13

157

--

GENERAL INDEX,

Alderson, Dr. monument Customs.amount of in 1824
of page 66. to 1833, 42
Addenda et Corrigenda, 191 Customhouse, 139
Cam, Mr. preacher, 57
Borough of Hull, privi- Chantries, Trin. Church, 63
lege purchased, 4 Charter house, 98
Borough, boundary of new, Crookhay s hospital, 102
151 J Crowles's ditto., 103
Barton Ferry, 5 Charity hall, 104
Blackfriargate, derivation Catalogue, subscription h-
0f 34 brary, remarks on the,129
Brick making, restored in Choral Society, 134
Hull 59 Courts of Law, 142
Bylt, Richard, monument Citadel, 144
J0f gg Cham House, old, 153
Beatson, Rev. John, notice Churches, Holv Trinitv
of, 87 57
Benevolent Society, 106 Saint Mary's, 72
Botanic Garden, 147  John's, 75
Baths, 151 Mariner's, the 76
Burgesses'Association, 197 Sculcoates, 77
Christ, 79
Coinage at Hull, 4 St- Peters,> drypool, 81
Coin, extraordinary mea- ~ James s> Pottery, 82
sures against clipping, 38 Chapels, Dissrnting.
County of Hull, when erect- Unitarian, 84 Swedenborg,
ed, 14 iS.Fish street, 85 Pro vi-
Charles the First visits dence, 86 Trinity, ib.
Hull, 16 is denied ad- Holborn street,^. Salem,
mittance, 17 besieges ib. Tabernacle, 87 Salt-
Hull, 20 copy of a cu- house lane, ib. George
rious letter of, 155 street, ib. Jehovah Jireh,
Commerce, early mention 88 George yard, 89 Scott
of in Hull, 36 leading street, ib. Waltham ditto.
branches of, 40 ib. Wesley, 90Bethel, ib,

204 IKBKX.
Primitive Methodists, 90 Font, Trinity church, 65
Osborne street, ib.Catho- Field J., punning epitaph
lie, 91 Friends meeting on, 65
house, Jew's synagogue, Ferries Thomas, 68, 94, 96
ib. Floating, 91 Festival, Hull musical, 132
Foxe Luke, memoir of, 159
Drypool, antiquity of 35 Floral society, 196
Dispensary, 115
•  for the eye and Guardian, Society, 141
ear, 116 Gaol, new i43
Dock Company, 44 Gas works, Hull, 145
Dock Office, 1'39  — Sculcoates, 146
Docks. Old, 46 Gregg's Hospital, 101
Humber, 48 Gee s  103
 coffer 51
Junction, ib. Hull, early history of mis-
Cleansing of the, 49 represented, 1
Divisions and Boundaries,  street, 13
]9g  legal quays, 44
Hotham Sir John, govern-
Edward the First ex- or of Hull, 16
changes for lands in  rec(?lves overtures
Wyke and Myton, 3 to surrender, 21
•  _ vjsjfs Hotham, Captain, joins the
Hull 4 conspiracy, 23
Embankments, heavy ex- ~ — 's b°th ^headed, 24
pensesof, 29 harbour old 46
Embargo on French ves- House ancient, 153
, ".,- Harrison s hospital, l\i£
Eut window Trinity church High street, 152
painted glass of "the, 62 Hackney Coaches, 193
Enamelling on glass, re
marks on the art, 62 Infirmary, 113
Effigy of a female, Trinity Jackanapes origin of, 157
church, 66
Earle Thomas, notice of, 95 Kingston, or King's
Exchange, 38 Town-upon-Hull, 3
Fairfax Lord, govenior LiBRARY.Trin. church, 63
of Hull, 24  Hull subscription,

INDEX. 205
I28 North Bridge, 145
 Lyceum, 129 Newspapers, 195
Lambert, Rev. G. notice
t -°.f' ?5 o- t , , ¦ Po,'E> William De la, en-
f !,'„,'r John' hosPI" tertains Edvvd. the third,
tal, 103  Si lst or of
Lying- in charity, 106 Hull 5
Literary and Philosophical  g'ir Michael, 6
Society, 118  SirWilliam first duke
 Museum, 123 0f Suffolk, 157
Lawson, Sir John, mem-  jonn sec0nd, 158
olr of> 169  Edward. Richard,
158
Manor hall, the 8
Monasteries, suppression „ ,. , -.
of, 15 Carmelite, 33 P».«»imaoij: of grace 15
Carthusian, 99 Blackfri- P™Perty, value of in 1689,
Meklrum,4Sir John 20 Payment, lst summons
Money exactions of 27 phJ visits Hull, the 32
Municipal government, 30 _. = , , , , 1 . tri
r\m j * riers, humber dock basin.oO
 Officers, ad. et. D ' , , , . -n '
A/r., ti. * Frayer book, burnt 58
Milner Joseph, monument D ¦> , , , c . ,
- no r roor and strang-ei s tnend
of, 68 ¦ . inr
Mechanic's Institute, 125 „, ... -' . _ . 1Q1
Market flare 137 Philharmonic Society, 131
Marketplace, 1^7 Public Rooms, 133
Merchant Seaman s regis- „., „„. i ,A
ter office 140 Pllot °ffice> 140
ter office, wu p d- 140 Ad- et Coj._
Masomc Lodges, 141 ,„',
Mansion house, 142
Manufactures, 150
Marvell Andrew, memoir R™ts of king Edwd. the
of 160 First m Hull, 3
Mason John, memoir of, River Hull, 28; Ad. et Cor.
173 ^°
Mails, and Post Coaches, —7 Humber, 198
Ad. et Cor. 191 Pef^e' }V .. , Q ,,
Rail-road, Hull and Selby,
Newcastle, marquis of 150
besieges Hull, 24 Remarkable house, 155

Missing Page

207 INDEX.
Suffolk palace, 7 TrinityChurch, largest par-
Streets, ancient names of 12 ish church in England, 58
Sculcoates, antiquity of 34 Trinity house, 93
Standage, Mr. notices of 40  chapel, 94
Ships, table of 33 Almshouses, master mari-
Sculcoates workhouse, 105 ners, 95 Ferries, ib.
Salthouselane hospital, 102 Robinson's, 96 Mer-
Schools ; chant seaman's, 96
Cogan's charity, 110 Cath- School, 97
olic, 111 British & For. Theatres, 134
society, ib. Drypool nat. Thompson, Commodore
ib. Grammar, 107 Sub- memoir of 172
scription national, 110 Thompson, Benjamin mem-
Sculcoates,  111 oir of 174
Sunday, 112 Vicar's, 109
School of Anatomy 116 vagrant Office, 144
Statue of King William,
ShSbles « Wvk^ ancient name
Savings bank, Hl^ ^ Water ^shj riots respect.
Sculcoates mansion house, ^Jg^ rf ^ ^^ 2g
Sculptured coatof arms, 154 W^tefriargate, derivation
Sykes Daniel Esq. mem- Woolj tation of 3?
SteTm°Pac2ts, Ad. etCor. WJ**f* ** **
„. _-,«, „ 10c Whincop's, Rev. J. monu-
Stamp Office, 196 ment 70
School master's association Weayer',s hospita]) m
_ '*• , „ . ,, . . ..Watson's ditto 104
Seaman's friendly society, *J wincomlee, 105
Wallis's museum, 124
Tonnage belonging to Waterworks, 148
Hull, 43 Weigh, house old 1 38
Trinity church, 57 Wards, the divisions of the;
 -chapel of ease Ad. et Cor. 198
to Hessle, w.

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