Cc3%>ZS7

THE STORY
OF A
THOUSAND

Being a history of the Service of the
105 th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in the
War for the Union from August 21,
1862 to June 6, 1865.
BY

ALBION W. TOURGEE, LL. D.

BUFFALO :
S. MCGERALD & SON.
1896.

PREFACE.
allow others to give in their own words, the personal ele
ment of the subsequent service.
In this, I have been greatly assisted by the journals of
Comrades Parker, Warner, Saddler and Captain Mansfield.
Also by extracts from the diaries of Captains Cumings and
Wilcox and the remarkable series of letters, something
near a hundred in all, written during the service by Com
missary Sergeant Gibson to his wife. Lieutenant Forbis
has given me the benefit of his recollections in regard to
the experiences of our foragers and the religious ele
ment in the life of the regiment. Comrades Griste, Wm.
O. Smith, Nesbitt, and many others have by correspon
dence and otherwise rendered material service in the prep
aration of the work. To all I desire to express my hearty
thanks. To the newspaper history of the regiment prepared by
Comrade Chas K. Radcliffe I am under great obligation for
lightening many labors. By some slip of memory the
biographical sketch accompanying his portrait all udes to
him as having been captured with the forage-train, though he
was not one of that detail.
For the preparation of the Roster and Tables giving all
the details of thp service of each man with an accuracy,
fullness and completeness, hardly ever attempted, I am
under the greatest obligation to Comrades Parker and May
nard, the two men whose personal knowledge was most
extensive, perhaps, of the personnel of the regiment, who
kindly gave of their time and labor to carry out the plan
devised. I am, also, under especial obligation to Comrade
Maynard, as Secretary of the Survivors' Association of the
regiment. I beg to acknowledge the great service which the "His
tory of the Seventy-fifth Indiana," so long our brigade-
companion, written by Rev. B. Floyd, has been in the
preparation of this work.
Acknowledgment is especially due to Senator John P.
Jones of Nevada for books and maps without which the

PREFACE.
accomplishment of the work would have been well-nigh im
possible. Also, to the Adjutant-General of Ohio, who
kindly placed the records of his office at my disposal and to
Mr. Arthur R. Warren who copied the original muster rolls
there on file for the correction of the Roster. Also to
Major Stoddard Johnston, who was a member of the staff
of General Braxton Bragg of the confederate army, for
valuable suggestions touching the campaign in Kentucky.
The Itinerary showing the location of the regiment dur
ing every day of its service, was made up from the journal
of Comrade L. N. Parker, in some instances corrected and
made more definite by comparison with the journal of Com
rade Joseph R. Warner. Both of these journals are well-
worthy of being printed without note or comment, as interest
ing memorials of experience recorded at the time the events
narrated occurred. The Itinerary is believed to be as correct
as it can be made.
One difficulty experienced in preparing the history of
this regiment, has been a singular lack of reports of its
movements and service. No reports are accessible, if they
were made, of the part it took in the Tullahoma campaign,
the Chickamauga campaign, Missionary Ridge, the Atlanta
campaign, the March to the Sea or the campaign in the Caro
linas. Major Edwards is confident that he made a report of
the Chickamauga engagement and it is beyond question that
Col. Tolles must have made a report of Missionary Ridge;
but it has been impossible to get sight of either. The for
mer was probably amongpapers lost'by the transfer of General
Reynolds from the command of the division to the place of
chief of staff to General Thomas. The excellent portrait of
General Thomas, was loaned by Messrs Coates & Co. , of Phila
delphia, whose large engraving is no doubt the best portrait
in existence of our old commander. The illustration ' 'The
Bummers'' is from that exquisite collection of war pictures
entitled "Bullet andShell" by Major Williams, illustrated by
Edwin Forbes and published by Fords, Howard and Hulbert,
New York.

PREFACE.
The maps of Perryville and the vicinity of Chatta
nooga, were re-drawn from the official charts, by Mr. Leon
J. Robbins, the gifted son of Adjutant Robbins. The
other illustrations not direct reproductions, and the illumin
ated initials are the gratuitous work of Miss Aimee Tourgee,
the author's daughter, who also supervised the reproduction
of photographs, many of which required to be re-touched
before being available.
It is possible that some may be surprised at the
absence of amusing narratives of personal experience more
or less reliable, which so often form a considerable portion
of such works. In explanation of this fact, I can only say
that I carefully treasured up all such incidents reported to
me by my comrades and found so large a proportion of
them had long since become stock-anecdotes of war litera
ture that they seemed likely to arouse a suspicion of plag
iarism. The truth is, that this mass of war anecdotes has
grown so large that it is hard to designate just where the
line of proprietorship runs; I have, therefore, been rather
chary of their use, confining myself to some cases of un
questionable originality. Survivors will note that one un
pleasant incident has been wholly omitted. This was done
from a conviction both that no good could result from its
consideration and also because the person most affected by
it, was, in some sense, the victim of a conspiracy not credit
able to those concerned in it. Moreover, as the record
shows, he subsequently removed the imputation resting
upon him by gallant service.
It was the purpose of the author to give an account of •
the District Committee who had charge of recruiting in the
XlXth Congressional District of Ohio. To secure the nec
essary data he addressed letters to parties in each of the
counties asking them to procure photographs and such in
formation as was available regarding the members of said
committee. For some reason quite inexplicable to him,
there seemed to be but little interest in the matter. He was
unable to secure anything like a full account of their
work and not wishing to publish an imperfect one,

PREFACE.
the whole matter was omitted. The work of these
voluntary organizations ought not to be lost sight
of in making up the history of that epoch, but a defective
account would be sure to do injustice to all.
The omission of any specific account of those who suf
fered in the southern prisons is due to two things. The
writer exerted himself to the utmost in connection with
Comrade L. Newton Parker to secure from each of the
surviving prisoners of Andersonville, and other prisons, an
account of their experience . Being himself, one of the three
officers of the regiment who had such experience, he did for
a time, contemplate writing an account of the same. When
he came to consider it more fully, however, he concluded that
it would savor too much of the personal to be compatible
with the general tone of the work. To do so would have
required him to go into the whole question of the treatment
of prisoners, which at this day, could be of little interest
and no value. One thought in connection with it may be
ventured; the Union soldier who was held as a prisoner of
war for any time has the consolation of knowing that by
keeping a confederate of equal rank, out of the service, he was,
on account of the disparity of numbers, doing even greater
service to the Union cause than he would probably have
done had he remained in his place. As to the treatment of
Union prisoners, he regards the subject as one not profitable
to be considered within such limits as could reasonably
be allowed it in this work.
The printing was done by Messrs. S. McGerald & Son of
Buffalo, N. Y., under very embarrassing circumstances, in a
manner which speaks for itself.
The work has been delayed by sickness and the stress
of financial conditions which have rendered its manufacture
exceedingly difficult. The same would have been impossible
but for the liberality of Colonel George T. Perkins.
The writer undertook the work with diffidence; he has
spared no pains in its execution, and whatever its defects
may be, he can only say it is the best that he was able to do.
Mayville, N. Y., Dec. 1, 1895. THE AUTHOR.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER. PAGE.
I. The Muster In  1
n. The Cause of Strife  10
in. Recruiting  20
iv. The Rank and File  27
v. The Sword Bearers  36
vi. The Theater of War  45
vn. On Southern Soil  59
viii. The Hell-March  65
ix. The School of Double-duty  96
x. The Baptism of Fire  108
xi. Between the Acts  137
xii. A Stirring Winter  154
xiii. A Midwinter Campaign  163
xiv. Gobbled  175
xv. Milton  187
xvi. A Midsummer Jaunt  197
xvn. A Wasted Opportunity  205
xviii. A Tumultuous Sabbath  222
xix. The Ebb of Battle  234
xx. The Siege of Chattanooga  242
xxi. Battle of Lookout Mountain  270
xxn. Battle of Missionary Ridge  279
xxiii. After Missionary Ridge  290
xxiv. The Battle Summer  299
xxv. In Pursuit of Hood  319
xxvi. "From Atlanta to the Sea"  '332
xxvu. The Guidons Point Northward  347
xxvin. Our Foragers  353

TABLE OF CONTENTS.
xxix. The End of Strife  368
xxx. The Homestretch  377
xxxi. Religious Character  385
xxxn. Thirty Years After  393
Itinerary  397
APPENDIX. i. Report of Colonel Albert S. Hall  i.
n. Concerning Cannon Captured  iii.
in. Extract from the Report of Major-General
Absalom Baird on the Atlanta Campaign... v.
iv. Extract from the Report of Col. Gleason on- the
Atlanta Campaign  vi.
v. Copy of Discbarge from Naval Service  vii.
vi. Farewell Order of General Sherman  vii.
vn. Biographical Sketch, Wm. O. Smith  viii.
viii. Explanation of Roster and Tables  Ix.
Roster and Tables  xi.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE.
Albert S. Hall  3
Jerry Whetstone, Co. H  8
Col. William R. Tolles  11
Col. George T. Perkins  15
Maj. Charles G. Edwards  21
Capt. George L. Riker  28
Corp. Wm. 0. Smith, Co. K  34
Capt. Alfred G. Wilcox  37
Corp. Luman G. Griste  39
Private C. K. Radcliffe, Co. F  41
Marshall W. Wright, R. Q. M  46
Sergt. Joseph R. Warner, Co. G  60
William J. Gibson, Com. Sergt  62
Corp. Robt. A. Rowlee, Co. C  68
Sergt. John F. Humiston, Co. E  71
Corp. Bliss Morse, Co. D  86
The Quartermaster  103
Lieut. H. H. Cumings, 1863  121
Adjt. A. M. Robbins  125
Capt. L. D wight Kee  128
Capt. H. H. Cumings  138
Corp. N. L. Gage  144
H. E. Paine, Musician.  147
"A Veteran"  154
Capt. Riker, 1863  159
Gen. Joseph J. Reynolds  161
Lieut. Henry Adams  165
Capt. Ephraim Kee  168
Lieut. Albert Dickerman  171

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Capt. Byron W. Canfield  178
Lieut. Alonzo Chubb  182
Sergt. L. N. Parker, 1863  187
Comrade L. Newton Parker  190
Surgeon John Turnbull  198
Capt. Andrew D. Braden  200
M. L. Maynard, Mus  201
" Soldiers Three "  208
Gen. George H. Thomas  212
Col. Edward A. King  214
Capt. E. Abbott Spaulding  219
Sergt. Benj. T. Cushing  224
Sergt. E. J. Clapp  230
Capt. J. C. Hartzell  236
E. R. Cowles  240
Capt. Horatio M. Smith  243
Lieut. Alden F. Brooks  247
Lieut. Norman D. Smith  250
Lieut. Ira F. Mansfield  252
Sergt. J. R. Warner, 1890  265
Capt. Wallace, 1863  270
Capt. William Wallace, 1894  271
Capt. D. B. Stambaugh  273
On the Crest of Lookout  279
Major-Gen. Absalom Baird  281
Col. William R. Tolles  283
Sergt. E. Patchin  286
Sergt. George D . Elder  292
Capt. A. C. Mason  300
Sergt. J. A. McNaughton  303
Lieut. James Crays  311
Corp. Joseph W. Torrence  321
Lieut. W. H. Castle  328
Capt. R. G. Morgaridge  349
Sergt. M. A. Teachout  351
Lieut. William H. Forbis  354
"The Bummers''  360

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Corp. W. K. Mead  371
Corp. Michael E. Hess  374
" The Honorary Secretary"  380
Monument of the 105th 0. V. 1  382
Lieut. Charles A. Brigden  387
Corp. John McNaughton  390
Capt. Braden  393
Twenty Years After  394
Albion W. Tourgee  395
Col. George T. Perkins, 1863  397
Adjt. Albert Dickerman, 1863  397

LIST OF MAPS.
Battle of Perryville, Ky  Page 122
Battle of Milton, Tenn  Page 188
Chattanooga and Vicinity  Between pages 202 and 203
The Atlanta Campaign  Page 306

RECORD OF SERVICE.
Perryville, October 8, 1862.
Milton, March 20, 1862.
Hoover's Gap, June 24, 1863.
Chickamauga, September 19 — 20, 1863.
Siege op Chattanooga, September 23 — November
25, 1863.
Missionary Ridge, November 25, 1863.
Resaca, May 14— 15, 1864.
Kenesaw Mountain, June 27, 1864.
Siege op Atlanta, July — August 1864.
Peach Tree Creek, July 20, 1864.
Ezra Church, July 27, 1864.
jonesborough, september 1, 1864.
Pursuit op Hood, October 1864.
March to the Sea, November — December 1864.
Campaign in the Carolinas, February-March 1865.
Johnston's Surrender, April 26, 1865.

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

THE MUSTEK. IN.

' The bayonets were a thousand,
And the swords were thirty-seven,
When we took the oath of service,
With our right-hands raised to Heaven."
T was the twenty-first day of August,
1862, when our story opens. On
that day the Thousand became a
unit. The scene is a neglected
common near the city of Cleve
land in the State of Ohio. It is
called University Heights now —
then, it was officially known as
"Camp Taylor." Its surroundings were squalid. Pigs
and thistles abounded. A dozen or two long, low build
ings, a guard line and a flagstaff constituted the camp.
The buildings were one-story affairs, made of rough hem
lock ; for the most part, they were sixty feet in length and
twenty in width. On each side, were rows of bunks, six feet
long by three and one-half feet wide, with an eight-inch
hoard running along the front to keep the occupants from
rolling out. They were quaint- looking troughs, filled with
nothing, save air and splinters ; but they were new and
clean and sweet, those we occupied, at least — with the
breath of the forest and the dust of the sawmill about
them. The amber of the riven hemlock oozed out and

2 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
trickled down in sticky streaks as the hot summer sun beat
upon the yellow roofs and sides.
It is ten o'clock. The sun glares fiercely down, though
there is a breeze from the north that keeps the flag upon
the high mast, near the entrance of the camp, softly wav
ing its bright benison above its crude surroundings. Oh
beautiful banner ! what desert doth it not make bright !
How many have its gleaming folds lured on to death ! How
often glazing orbs have turned lovingly up to it their last
glance !
The fifes and drums have ceased to sound. The parade
is formed — after a fashion. Two straggling, uncertain lines
of unarmed, blue-clad men stretch across the uneven field ;
a group of musicians, with a few fifes and drums, are in
their places on the right ; the men stand at parade rest,
with hands clasped loosely before them ; the sun beats hot
on the glowing napes, which the military caps, just donned
for the first time, have left unprotected — the sweat-drops
creep down hot, flushed faces ; many an eye wanders long
ingly to the blue, sparkling waves of Lake Erie, of which
one might catch a distant glimpse.
A man in the uniform of a captain of the United States
Army and one in the uniform of a colonel of Volunteers
pass along the line, halting here and there, while a clerk
calls the names of each company and checks the same upon
the rolls, which are carried by an orderly. There are fre
quent discussions, in which the company's officers take
part. Men are shifted from one company to another, until
finally all are in their proper places. There is about the
line that uneasiness and uncertainty of pose which marks
the untrained soldier, and that general looseness of forma
tion which is inseparable from a parade without arms.
When the required changes have been made, the man in
the uniform of the Regular Army takes his place in front
of the center of the line ; behind him, his clerk and or
derly, and beside him the man in a colonel's uniform.
" Attention ! "

THE MUSTER-IN.

Albert S. Hall.
AlbBut S. Ham., the first and only man commissioned and mustered as
colonel of the 105th regiment of Ohio Volunteers, was horn in Charleston,.
Portage county, Ohio, in 1830, of which town his grandfather was one of th«
first settlers. He was educated in the district schools of that county and at
Geauga Seminary, Chester, Ohio, supporting himself hy teaching. He studied
law and was admitted to the bar in 1853, and located in Jefferson, Ashtabula.
county. In 1853 he was chosen prosecuting attorney of said county and again
in 1857. In 1859 he removed to Minneapolis, Minnesota, but returned to his
native State in 1860, and settled in Warren, Trumbull county. Upon the call
for volunteers in April, 1861, he began to raise a company, and early in June
was mustered in as captain of Company F of the 20th O. V. L The regiment

4 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
The long, blue line sways and rustles as the men
straighten themselves into a more or less correct position,
take touch of elbows, glance right and left to secure a bet
ter alignment, and wonderingly gaze to the front to see what
will happen next. A group of spectators, among whom are
a few ladies, who carry parasols, stand in front of the right
wing. They are evidently interested in what is going on.
Some of them intercept the mustering officer's view of that
part of the line ; he orders them back, but the group is a
considerable one and do not understand what is wanted of
them. An orderly is sent to repeat the command and see
that, it is obeyed. The crowd fall back willingly but won
deringly. Then the officer explains that, when the com
mand is given, each one whose name has been called —
officers and men alike — will take off his cap with the left
hand and holding up his right one, with the open palm to
the front, repeat after him the oath of service. Then came
the command: "Hats off ! "

left Camp Chase on July 26, 1861. The first engagement was the battle of
Cheat Mountain, W. Va. Captain Hall served through that campaign, and on
the 20th of December, 1861, was commissioned major. His regiment was
transferred to the Army of the Mississippi and was engaged in the battle of
Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862. Near the close of the second day's fight, being
then in command of his regiment, he received a gunshot wound some two
inches above the eyebrow. The wound was a severe one, and before he was
able to rejoin his regiment again, he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and
on the 12th of June following, appointed colonel of the 105th. After the battle
of Perryville, he was for eight days in command of the Tenth Division of the
Army of Ohio, being the senior officer of the division after that disastrous
light until General C. C. Gilbert was assigned to its command. After that
time, he commanded the Thirty-third Brigade until the organization of the
Army of the Cumberland, November 30, 1862. After this, he continued in the
¦ command of the same brigade then known as the Second Brigade, Fifth
Division 14 th Army Corps, until his death. He was in independent command
¦ on several raids and at the battle of Milton, Tennessee, where he repulsed ihe
Confederate General John H. Morgan in command of superior numbers, with
great loss. He was attacked with typhoid fever, about the 20th of June, 1863,
^complicated with the effects of his old wound, of which he died on the 10th of
.July succeeding, at Murfreesborough, Tennessee. His son, the Hon. Charles
L. Hall, is at present (1895), a Judge of the District Court of Nebraska.
Colonel Hall was an officer of untiring energy, a strict disciplinarian, and had
his life been spared would no doubt have achieved very high distinction in
the service. The above engraving is from a crayon portrait by Lieutenant
Alden F. Brooks, now a distinguished artist of Chicago.

THE MUSTER-IN. !>
There is a scuffling in the ranks, each one looking to
see if his neighbor has obeyed. A good many take off the
cap with right hand and have to shift it to the left. The
crowd titters at the many mistakes.
"Hands up !"
Some raise the right hand and some the left. The
officers look around and correct mistakes. Near the middle
of the line an intensely red head shows nigh a foot above
the line of other heads on either side, and a red-bearded
face looks calmly over the head of the officer, whose station
is directly in his front.
" Steady ! " commands the Regular Army officer, sun
ning his eye sharply along the wavering, ill-dressed line.
"Get down!" he says, as his eye reaches the red
head that overtops its neighbors. The red face turns one
way and the other in wondering search of what has awak
ened the officer's displeasure. All the other faces in the
line turn also.
" You man in the Fifth Company there, with the red
beard, get down off that stump ! '
A titter runs along the line. Everyone knows what
has happened. A shout goes up from the spectators.
Some of the officers laugh. The Colonel steps forward and
says something in an undertone to the mustering officer.
The officer looks foolish. The red-bearded face ducks a
few inches nearer the line of heads about it. The face is
redder than ever. It was not Jerry Whetstone's fault that
his comrades only came up to his shoulder. Yet, many
thousand times on the march and in the camp — before he
marches up the Avenue, in the grand review, with his un
erring rifle all out of line with the pieces of the little squad
which are all that remains of the company — will the great,
good-natured giant be exhorted to " Get off that stump ! "
And not once will the injunction fail to raise a laugh, no
matter how weary those may be who hear it.

'.; THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
When the merriment has subsided, the officer directs
that all repeat with him the oath of service, each giving
his own name when the officer should repeat his :
"I, James R. Paxton, " —
A wave of confused murmurs rose from the long lines.
" — Do solemnly swear," — continued the officer.
The response was heavier and more uniform than
before. " — That I will bear true faith and allegiance — "
Firm and full came the thousand-fold echo.
" — To the United States of America — "
An exultant shout went up.
" That I will serve them honestly and faithfully — -"
How earnest the solemn pledge !
" Against all their enemies, whomsoever — ''
How soon was trial of their sincerity to be made !
"That I will obey the orders of the President of the
United States—"
What greater privilege could await one!
" And of the officers appointed over me — "
Obedience is a soldier's duty!
" — According to the Rules and Articles of War! "
What did they include? No matter!
There was a brief pause and the mustering officer-
added —
" So help me God! "
A solemn reverent murmur came in response.
Then the officer said, with that mixture of smartness
and dignity with which a well-disciplined man performs an
important routine act:
' ' — -By authority vested in me, I, James R. Paxton,
Captain of the Fifteenth Infantry and Mustering Officer of
the Department of Ohio, do hereby declare the officers and
men of the 105th Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry
duly mustered into the service of the United States, to
serve for the period of three years or during the war,
unless sooner discharged! "

THE MUSTER-IN. 7
Hardly had the words escaped his lips when the drums
rolled, the spectators cheered; the flag was dipped upon
the mast; the one gun beside the gate fired a clamorous
salute; caps were swung in air, and with the oath of ser
vice fresh on their lips, and their right hands yet uplifted,
the newly-constituted regiment cheered— -itself ! It must
have been itself, since there was nothing else for them to
cheer. The sun shone on the bared heads; men clasped
each other's hands in earnest gratulation, and there was
a hint of tears upon many glistening lids!
The colonel, who had hitherto stood beside the mus
tering officer, now took two steps forward, drew his sword
from its sheath, brought it smartly to the shoulder, and
with a voice rarely excelled for smoothness and evenness
of tone, and perhaps unequalled in the whole army for dis
tinctness and carrying power, commanded:
" Atten — tion! One Hundred and Fifth — -Ohio! "
Was it admiration for the soldierly figure, so strik
ingly resembling in form and feature the portraits of the
great Napoleon, the thrill of that marvellous voice they
were to hear so often when other voices were unable to
pierce the din of strife, or the exquisite modulation which
even in command complimented those who stood before
him on their newly assumed character, that so quickly
hushed the turmoil? An hour before they had been merely
a thousand men ; now they were ' ' The One Hundred and
Fifth Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, ' and a part
of that Grand Army which Liberty threw across the path
of secession, slavery and revolt which threatened the
nation's life. All this and more, was conveyed by subtle
intonation in the colonel's first command. There was an
instant's silence, after each man had restored his cap to its
place and stiffened himself into the position of the soldier.
Then there was another spontaneous outburst. This time
it was the colonel who was cheered. He acknowledged it
with a salute, and then commanded sharply and sternly:
" Attention — to orders! "

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

A smart young officer who had stood a little to the
rear of the Colonel, stepped briskly around him, advanced
to a position midway between him and the lines and drew
a package of papers from his belt. At the same time the
Colonel commanded " Parade Rest! " The Adjutant read
an order, announcing that "Albert S. Hall, having been
appointed Colonel of the 105th Regiment Ohio Volunteer
Infantry, hereby assumes com
mand of the same." Then
he read another order, announc
ing the field and staff, and the
assignment of line officers to the
various companies of said regi
ment. All listened intently to this,
the first official promulgation
of a military order, that most
of them ever heard.
When the organization was
completed, another order was
read that sent a thrill of won
dering surprise through every
one who heard it.
It was a telegram from the
Governor:
"Colonel Albert S. Hall, 105th 0. V. I.
The enemy have invaded Kentucky. You will report
with your regiment to Major-General H. G. Wright, com
manding Department of Ohio, at Cincinnati, without an
instant's delay. Camp and garrison equipage will be for
warded to meet you there. David Tod Govei.nol, »
It was high noon when the ranks were broken. Sixty
minutes afterwards, the regiment was on the march to the
depot, and two hours later, was being whirled aw ay to the
theater of war.
It takes one's breath away, in these days of peace,
when the soldier is recalled only as a pensioner, who is

Jerry Whetstone, Co. H.
Six feet seven inches in height'
The tallest man in the army of the
Cumberland.

THE MUSTER-IN. 9
counted a thankless burden to the government, to think
that men were hurried forwaid, unarmed, without an
hour's instruction in their new duties, to be placed across
the path of a victorious enemy. But nothing seemed sur
prising then, and if any were inclined to murmur, an
instinctive sense of duty overbore their discontent. Yet
if ever a soldier has a right to complain when once the
oath of service has passed his lips, these men surely had.
It was but eight days since the first of them had left their
homes; but forty-six of their number had ever seen an
hour's service; hardly half of the companies had had more
than three or four hours of drill, and one of them, at
least, only one hour! But nothing was strange in those
days of miracle and self-forgetfulness! If there was any
disposition to complain it was voiced only when they found
themselves blamed for lacking the discipline they were
given no opportunity to acquire.

II.

THE CAUSE OF STRIPE.
" 'Tis the motive enfames, not the beggarly prize,
The spirit that lives, the base guerdon that dies. '
'HE causes from which events
result are often of greater con
sequence than the events them
selves. Nations and peoples,
like individuals, act always from
motives; and collective motives,
like personal ones, may be either
good or bad. Peoples differ
from individuals, however, in
one thing, — they are always sin
cere. They may desire a good
thing or a bad one, but there is
no question of bad faith in the
demand for which men offer
their lives upon the field of bat
tle. Words may be false; lead
ers may seek to deceive; but
what a. people write in blood
upon the page of history, is
always true.
It is because of this that the comparative importance
of historical events depends very little upon their physical
extent, but almost wholly upon the motives of the actors
or the sentiment they represent.
Only a few times was the conduct of the Thousand,
considered of itself, of any special importance ; only once
was it pivotal of the issue of a great event. But why
10

THE CAUSE OF STRIFE.

11

Col. William R. Tolles.
William Ransom Tolles was born in Watertown, Ct., April 10, 1823.
His parents removed to Burton, Geauga County, O., while he was a lad. He
came of sturdy New England stock, and after obtaining a common school
education, he early engaged in business, and up to the outbreak of the war
was active in the promotion of public and private enterprises in the country.
He was a merchant in Burton for many years. After the death of his wife, a
daughter of Judge Hitchcock, he disposed of his business, being considerably
broken in health, and traveled through the South, as the agent of firms doing

12 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
these men took the oath of service, what manner of men
they were, and what controlling impulse they typified,
these things are of deathless import, for on them the
destiny of a nation hung and the character of a people's
civilization depended.

business there, until just before the beginning of hostilities. He was greatly
disturbed over the condition of affairs, especially regarding the general idea
that the war would be one of short duration. He was one of the first to
volunteer, and was made captain of Company F, 41st O. V. I. He participated
in all the operations of this regiment, and often expressed himself peculiarly
grateful that his first experience of army life was under so strict and
thorough a disciplinarian as its commander, Colonel, afterwards Major-
General William B. Hazen. Promoted to lieutenant-colonel of the 105th, he
carried to the performance of its duties a painstaking conscientiousness.
which though at times, irksome, contributed not a little to the excellence of
drill and discipline for which it was noted throughout its term of service.
The command of the regiment was thrown upon him by the command of
the Tenth Division being cast on Colonel Hall by the death of his superiors at
the battle of Perryville, on the 48th day of the regiment's service, and his
continuance in command of the brigade thereafter. From that time until the-
middle of June, 1863, Colonel Tolles was in command of the regiment and was
untiring in promoting its drill and discipline. He was unable to serve in the
advance from Murfreesborough, but rejoined at Chattanooga, just in time for
the battle of Missionary Ridge, which was the fitting climax of his military
career. No nobler figure is to be found in that most spectacular of battles
than this gallant soldier riding his black horse up that flame-swept slope,
keeping his eye on his regiment and constantly directing its movements.
His health constantly grew worse, and on January 29, 1864, the indomitable
will was forced to relinquish the hope of farther service, and he resigned.
After his health was somewhat regained, he removed to Locata, Mich., where
he remained for several years, during which time he remarried. His health
again failing he removed to the San Bernardino Valley, Cal., where he con
tinued to reside, highly honored and esteemed until his death, on December
— , 1893. As an officer, he was an excellent disciplinarian and a splendid tactician.
Somewhat irritable, somewhat hasty, and as a consequence, not always just,
there was no one under his command who doubted his unselfish patriotism or
his intense desire that the regiment should excel in every soldierly quality
and achievement. As a man he was exquisitely sensitive, and no doubt often
mistook the jests of his men, and so failed to appreciate the affection and
esteem they had for him.
There are those who will recall the fact that the personal relations
between Colonel Tolles and Lieutenant Tourgee were not such as would seem
consistent with the above estimate of his character. No doubt, his ill health
had much to do with the prejudices which he entertained, which were in
many cases, as he afterwards explained to the writer, strengthened by false
reports from others. While it would be absurd to claim that the wrong is for
gotten, the writer can truly say that all sense of resentment has passed away
and the estimate he gives of the character of Colonel Tolles, is that to which
he believes him to have been actually entitled. He had his faults but they
were subordinate incidents rather than controlling elements of his character.

THE CAUSE OF STRIFE. 13
Where a battle is fought and when ; who are the
opposing commanders ; what strategic movements preceded
it ; what tactical methods were employed ; how many of
the contestants were slain; which army prevailed, and
which was put to rout, — all these are in-significant details.
Whether ten or ten thousand lives were lost is of little
consequence. In half a dozen years of growth and bloom,
nature will have hidden all trace of the encounter. The
rain will wash away the blood ; the grass will hide the
bleached bones ; the trees will shadow the graves ; the
waving grain will obliterate the track of charging squad
rons. In like manner, nature's recuperative power will
soon fill up the gaps in the world's life. A decade, two
decades at the farthest, and the most skillful statistician
cannot trace anything of war's havoc in the tables of mor
tality. But why they fought; why men were mangled and
slain ; why a thousand or a million men risked their
lives in deadly strife ; which impulse prevailed and which
was forced to yield, — these are questions of the utmost con
cern, for they may indicate the character of a people, and
involve the destiny of unnumbered millions yet unborn.
History, in the past, has concerned itself with aggregations
and events. It has told us how
"The King of France, with twice ten thousand men,
Marched up the hill, — and then marched down again."-
The history of the future will be more concerned to
know why the "twice ten thousand" followed the crowned
braggart "up the hill," than in the reasons that inclined
them to march "down again," — it will deal with causes
rather than with events.
A year and a half before the time of which we write,
one of the most momentous events in history had occurred.
The great American republic had suddenly fallen asunder.
Almost in an instant, eleven states had formally declared
the territory of each withdrawn from the control of the
Federal union, and their people released from allegiance to
the Government of the United States. Almost simultane-

14 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
ously witn the act of withdrawal, these states had, with
equal formality, banded themselves together and formed
what they called " The Confederate States of America," a
new government composed of eleven contiguous states,
having the same boundaries, the same integral character,
and, in most cases, the same officials, as when they were
constituent parts of the Federal union. In a hundred
days from the time the first rift appeared, the revolution
was complete. A territory nearly equal in extent to all Europe, out
side of the Empire of Russia, having a population of
twelve million souls, had been cut out of the domain pre
viously claimed and occupied by the United States, and
erected into a de facto government, complete in all its
parts, without the firing of a gun or the shedding of a drop
of blood! Only three forts upon its utmost borders still
bore the flag of the Union!
Of all the miracles of revolution, there have been none
like it for boldness of conception, extent, completeness,
rapidity of execution, and absolutely bloodless character.
On the twentieth of December, 1860, South Carolina passed
the ordinance of secession. On February 4, 1861, forty-
five days afterwards, the Provisional Congress met, — six
states were represented in it. On the eighth, a constitu
tion was adopted; on the ninth, a president was chosen;
on the fourteenth, another state was added; on the eight
eenth, the president was inaugurated. Before the month
was ended, the executive departments and an army and
navy were organized. Thus far, the tide of revolution had
met with no resistance from within, and no movement of
repression from without.
How was such marvel made possible ? Volumes have
been written in explanation. Yet, a few words will suffice
to make it clear.
There had grown up within the Union, two peoples.
They called themselves "the North" and "the South."
The one believed that "all men were created equal and

THE CAUSE OF STRIFE.

I.")

Col. George T. Perkins.
George Tod Perkins was born near the city of Akron, O., May 5, 1836
on *• farm afterwards occupied for some years by John Brown, of Harper's
Ferry fame. His parents! were Simon and Grace Tod Perkins His grand
father on the maternal side was the first Chief Justice of Ohio, and father of
her great war governor, David Tod. On the paternal side his great-grand
father was a captain in the war of the Revolution, and his grandfather a
brigadier-general in the war of 1812. He was educated in the public schools
of Akron and at Marietta College. At the outbreak of the war he was
engaged in the iron business at Youngstown, O., in company with his uncle,
Hon. David Tod, soon afterwards elected governor.
With such an ancestry it was inevitable that he should be among the first
to respond to the call to arms, and it is characteristic of the man, the section

16 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
endowed with certain inalienable rights, among which are
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." The other
believed that such rights attached only to white men, and
that colored men were entitled only to such privileges as
the white people of any particular state might see fit- to
confer upon them. One section was composed of what
were termed free-states; the other of what were known as
slave-states. Between them, slavery dug a deep, almost
impassable gulf. The lines of interstate migration ran
chiefly from east to west. The South peopled the new
states of the southwest; the North sent its sons and
daughters to shape the sentiment of the northwest. Only
the poor of the South fled into the free northwest, to
escape the blight which slavery put upon the opportunity

from which he came, and the spirit of the time, that a young man of inde
pendent means and influential connections, such as he possessed, should have
enlisted as a private soldier in Company B 19th O. V. I., in the three months'
service. The men of his company afterwards elected him its 2d lieutenant.
He participated with hia regiment in the West Virginia campaigns, under
McClellan, the same being especially prominent in the battle of Rich Moun
tain. Mustered out at the end of the three months' service, he once more
took up the routine of business. In 1862, upon the call for " three hundred
thousand more," he laid down his pen; applied to his uncle, the Governor,
for a commission, and was appointed major of the 105th. He served as such
until the advance from Murfreesborough, in June, 1863, when the command
of the regiment fell upon him by reason of Colonel Tolles' absence. He held
it from that time until the regiment was mustered out. He was promoted to
lieutenant-colonel, to date from the death of Colonel Hall, July 10, 1863; to
colonel, February 18, 1864, but not mustered because the regiment was below
the minimum required for a full set of field officers. He was made brevet-
lieutenant-colonel, March 13, 1865, and was mustered out in command. He
participated in nearly all its operations; was severely wounded at Chicka
mauga, and had three horses killed under him, one at Perryville, one at
Chickamauga, and one on the New Hope Church line, near Big Shanty, Ga.
As an officer he was quiet, unostentatious, and especially noted for his
unremitting care for the health and comfort of those under his command.
He married soon after the close of the war and settled in business in Akron,
where he has remained ever since. He has been so successful a manuf actui er
and banker that he is now about to retire from business. He has one
daughter and two grandchildren, without which he declares, "No home is
well-furnished." Colonel Perkins is regarded with peculiar fondness by the
survivors of his regiment, whose re-unions he always attends: but such is
his modesty that few would imagine that he was its commanding officer for
two years of active service. He has always been active in educational and
municipal affairs. He is a member of the Ohio Commandery of the Loyal
Legion.

THE CAUSE OF STRIFE. 17
of the white laborer : only those who looked for special
pecuniary advantage from speculation, skilled employment,
or mechanical superintendence, went from the North to the
South. In but three of the states of the North, was one-
tenth of the population of southern birth in 1860; in not
one of the Southern States was one-fiftieth of the popula
tion of northern birth. The two tides of life had flowed
on from east to west, side by side, having one language,
one religion, one name, but only mingling a little at the
edges So dissimilar were they, that one said, from his
place in the Senate that year : ' ' There are two hostile
bodies on this floor, which are but types of the feeling
that exists between the two sections. We are enemies as
much as if we were hostile states. I believe the northern
people hate the South worse than the English ever hated
the French, and there is no love lost on the part of the
South." The cleavage, which first showed in the establishment
of the Confederacy, had long existed in the characters of
the two peoples and the divergent institutions of the two
sections. The laws, customs and institutions of the North
were shaped by freemen in the furnace-heat of free-thought
and free-speech. The public-school was everwhere ; op
portunity was untrammeled. The institutions, laws and
policy of the South were shaped by slave-owners to pro
mote the interests of the slave-holders ; the free-laborer
was despised. Every official belonged to the slave-owning
class ; free-schools were unknown ; free-speech was re
pressed by the law and the mob. To proclaim liberty was
a crime in half the states of the republic; to teach a slave
to read or write, a felony. The North had come to hate
slavery as a sin against God and a crime against man ; the
South counted the right to enslave inherent in the white
race, by Divine ordainment, and resented the feeling
against it at the North as the result of envy and malice.
They regarded the constitution as a compact between the
States, specially intended for the preservation of this insti-

IS THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
tution. The people of the North generally regarded it as
an agreement between the people of the several States for
the benefit of all the people.
There were, also, two conflicting views of government
which became potent factors in this miracle of seemingly
peaceful dismemberment. One insisted that the Govern
ment of the United States was a nation established by the
people, and having all the powers of self-preservation, con
trol of its citizens and defense of its territory, which are inci
dent to sovereignty. The other insisted that the United
States were only a federation, a pact between the several
states, each one of which remained sovereign and might at
will withdraw from the Union ; and that allegiance to the
state was paramount. The southern man regarded every
effort to re-establish the power of the general government
as not only a blow at the rights of his State, but an invasion
of her soil, as well as her sovereignty. The border Southern
States still hesitated, more from fear of the consequences to
themselves than from any lack of sympathy with the principle
or purpose ot secession. The State-Sovereignty sentiment
of the North and the dread that a people especially de
voted to the arts of peace had of intestine war, kept the
North silent and the government passive.
Neither section appreciated the qualities of the people
of the other. The North thought the people of the South
were mere braggarts ; the South thought those of the
Xorth were mercenary cowards. The one regarded the
new government as a piece of bravado, a mere bubble,
intended to extort concessions. The other looked upon the
apathy of the North as conclusive evidence that it would
make no resistance to dismemberment. Thus, the two sec
tions, long before estranged and separated by tendencies
which raised a more insuperable barrier between them than
sea or mountain could offer, taunted and jeered each other,
both unconscious of the bloody destiny that lay before
them. One counted it an immutable truth that all men
had a right to be free, and regarded the other as an

THE CAUSE OF STRIFE. 19
aggressor against this universal liberty; the other believed
the white man's right to enslave to be indisputable, and
counted any imputation of this theory an invasion of in
dividual privilege and collective prerogative. So, two
peoples, acknowledging two governments, regarded each
other askance over an intervening belt known as the
"border states," whose people were divided in sentiment,
some clinging to the old and others welcoming the new.
Thus the country stood vaguely expectant, when, on
the twelfth day of April, 1861, the guns of the new Govern
ment opened on the flag of the old which waved over Fort
Sumter. Instantly, the shadows which had blinded the
people of both sections were lifted. All saw the gulf
which separated them. The North sprang to arms ; the
South exulted in the opportunity that lay before it to teach
its ancient enemy the lesson of its superiority. The border
states hastened to declare their preference. Virginia,
North Carolina and Tennessee went with the new Confed
eracy, making eleven states which acknowledged its su
premacy. Kentucky and Missouri remained with the old
Union, formally, at least, but it was with a divided senti
ment, which extended a hand to each of the opposing civ
ilizations. So the battle was joined between slavery and " state-
sovereignty" on one side, and liberty and nationality on tLe
other. The conflict was between two peoples, one regard
ing the other as rebels, and esteemed, in turn, by them as
invaders. Each, from its own point of view, was right ;
each, from the other's point of view, was wrong. Precisely
what " the fathers " meant by the words of the constitu
tion will never be definitely known. What an overruling
providence intended, the outcome of strangely-ordered
events leave us not in doubt. Which of these two con
trasted impulses was technically right in its construction
of the instrument which both cited in support of their
action, will ever be a mooted problem; which stood for
justice, the rights of man and the better civilization, the
future will not question.

III.

RECRUITING.

OME idea of the times and
the character of the people
of that day, especially in the
region from which the Thou
sand was drawn, can be given
by a brief outline of the
method by which enlistments
were secured. Recruiting, up
to that time, in the State of
Ohio was under the charge of
a committee appointed by the
Governor, in each Congress
ional District, one man in
each county. * These men
not only served without pay
but often, perhaps always,
at great personal sacrifice.
They were usually men of
mature years and decided
character, but without politi
cal or selfish ambition. These
men, each acting in his own county, with such as he might
associate with him, adopted a policy of procedure for the
district, assigned the quotas to the different towns, recom
mended officers, and, in short, formed a volunteer council,
which was one of the many instances of voluntary organ
ization to assist the government and supply the defects of
*— A full account of the Military Committee of the 19th District of Ohio will
be found in the Appendix. 20

RECRUITING.

21

statutory provisions, which that period so rich in examples
of the strength and efficacy of the self-governing idea, can
afford. Recruiting was effected by the officers thus appointed,
through personal solicitation and the holding of what were

Maj. Chas. G. Edwards.
Chabi.es G. Edwards was born at Sodus Point N. Y., May 11, 1836.
Received a good common school education; was employed as clerk in
an importing bouse In New York City, in 1853 ; came to Youngstown, Ohio, in
1859, where he engaged in the drug business until the firing on Fort Sumter
in 1861. In April of that year he enlisted in Company B, 19th Ohio Infantry
in the three months' service. In June, 1862, was commissioned Captain of
Company A 105th Ohio Volunteer Infantry ; was wounded three times at
Perryville, Ky. In May, 1863; was relieved of command of Company A and
detailed as acting field officer; was commissioned major July 16, 1863. and
lieutenant-colonel February 18. 1864. but not mustered because the regiment
was below the limit entitling to a full set of officers. Was also brevetted

2-2 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
termed war-meetings, in connection with the county com
mittee and with the aid of prominent citizens in the vari
ous towns. No pecuniary inducements were then offered to
secure enlistments, save the government bounty of one hun
dred dollars for three years' service, and the regular pay of
thirteen dollars a month. To have appealed to tbe sense of
personal advantage would have provoked only laughter. The
farm-laborer was getting twice as much with board and all
home comforts, as the soldier was offered to face the perils of
war. Such a thing as treating or other convivial influence
was almost wholly unknown as an element of the recruiting
service. Very few of the young men who recruited the
Thousand, had any inclination if they had opportunity,
to employ such influences. As a matter of fact, to have
done so would have destroyed all hope of success, for no
Western Reserve mother and very few Western Reserve
fathers would have permitted or encouraged their sons to
entrust their lives to the control of an officer known to be
an habitual drinker. The writer recruited the larger part
of Company G, traveling from town to town, holding per
sonal interviews by day and public meetings usually at
night. In the month he was engaged in this service he
held more than forty public meetings. Not once was the
question of personal gain alluded to save in objection by
some man who said he could not deprive his family of the
earnings needful for their support. Well may they have
demurred. Nearly a year afterwards, one of these men gave
the writer thirty-six dollars, three months' pay— lacking
three dollars which he reserved for emergencies — and

lieutenant-colonel U. S. V., for "gallantry in the Atlanta campaign." He
commanded the regiment after Colonel Perkins was wounded at Chicka
mauga, September 21, 1863, until the return of Colonel Tolles on November
2U, 1863. He was also in command of the regiment during the pursuit of Hood,
October and part of November, 1864. He was continuously with the regiment
except when absent from wounds, and was mustered out with It as major on
June 3, 1865, at Washington. D. C. He is an active and honored member of
the Loyal Legion, Minnesota Commandery. In 1870 he moved to Minnesota;
has served four terms in the legislature as state senator; was a delegate at
large to the National Republican Convention held at Chicago, 1888. In 1889
he was appointed Collector of Customs for the District of Minnesota.

RECRUITING. 23
asked to have it expended for the benefit of liis
family. The three months' pay with the addition of one
dollar and fifty cents, bought one calico dress for the wife
and one for each of two little girls; one barrel of flour,
fifty pounds of sugar, one ham, three pounds of tea, a pair
of shoes for each, and two cords of wood.
This is a fair sample of the relation between the cost
of living at that time and the soldier's wages. Few if
any of the soldiers' families, in this region at least, suf
fered during the war. Men and women voluntarily taxed
their own little surplus to provide for others who had less.
Those who could give nothing else gave their time and
labor. Wives, mothers and sweethearts who had little to
spare looked out for other wives and mothers who had not
enough. In all the land, there was a feeling of neighbor
ship which has never been equalled — a neighborship which
showed how the strain of common peril draws a free people
together. If the soldiers' families had been dependent on
the soldiers' 'earnings, thousands would have starved. Yet
our enemies termed us " Lincoln's hirelings, " and today
the children and grandchildren of those whom we endowed
with the rich inheritance of a restored nationality and an
undivided national domain, And pleasure and ofttimes profit,
in denominating the Federal soldier of a third of a
century ago, a " mercenary. ''
As illustrating the character and incentives of the
men who enlisted in the 105th Ohio, the following account
of one of those "war-meetings,"' furnished by a corre
spondent may be taken as a sample of many. The
northern volunteers were mainly men who left their
responsibilities, prospects and homes with extreme
reluctance and only when they felt that duty and honor
imperatively demanded the sacrifice.
On the night of August 13, 1862, a war-meeting was
held in the little country village of Orwell, Ashtabula
county, to endeavor to fill the quota of a dozen men or so
apportioned to the township. The town had been fully rep-

24 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
resented from the start in actively engaged regiments and
had come to realize something what war was, so that men
who desired a closer acquaintance with it had become very
scarce. The bounty stage had not yet been reached, and
if a few dollars was offered it was done with
apologies to the recipient as "a little provision for
unexpected expenses." A little later the public be
came more familiar with the idea in the light of an
L-qualization of burdens, which divested the transaction of
some of the repugnance with which it was at this time
regarded. The men who cared for military glory or adventure
had had ample opportunity to gratify their longing. The
excitable or impressible had all been gathered into the
ranks and it was realized that every recruit would be
secured with increasing difficulty. Extraordinary efforts
were made to effect the object of the meeting. Elo
quent speakers from a distance joined forces with officers
resplendent in new uniforms who had been sent home to
urge enlistment. The line of argument or persuasion took,
the form of assurance that with the great accessions to the
Northern armies now being made, the insurgent states
would be quickly overwhelmed, "the shell of the Confed
eracy crushed," and after a few months at most, of a sort
of picnic excursion, the "brave boys" would return covered
with glory to their happy homes. The eloquence was all
wasted. The meeting was a failure and about to adjourn
with but a .single recruit of doubtful availability, when
Horatio M. Smith, a clerk in the village store, who had
been a silent listener, arose in his place, and in a few brief
sentences deprecated the mistaken policy of underrating
the resources of the enemy and the perils of war, and thus
unintentionally, no doubt, misleading men and especially
boys who might rely more on what was told them than on
what they knew, as to the necessity for more troops. He
said, in effect, that he believed the war was only fairly
begun; that if the colonies numbering but three millions

RECRUITING. 25
of inhabitants could maintain for seven years a war
against the mighty power of England in the height
of her glory, the seceding states, numbering some
ten millions of as bold and warlike a people as the
earth produced, with four millions of slaves to work for
them and keep their armies supplied, could not be over
come in a few months, if ever; that their people were under
the domination of leaders who claimed and exercised the
right to rob their neighbors, black, brown, yellow or white,
of the fruits of their labor, of their wives, children, and
even of their lives in the name of Christianity and civiliza
tion ; that the war meant not only restoration Oi the
Union, but the extinction of that crowning infamy of the
Republic, American slavery; that the time had not yet
come to abolish this relic of barbarism, but if the North
was true to itself it soon would come; that the armies of
the South were being augmented by conscription as fast
or faster than ours by volunteering; that at any
time they were likely to hurl an army across the
borders of our own State and compel us to decide
on our own soil the issues of the war, if we did not
meet them and compel the question of armed secession to be
decided on slave territory; that the men were certainly
coming with guns in their hands and we must meet them
on our feet or on our knees, must fight them and whip
them or run away from them or submit to them, and must
choose very quick which alternative we would take ; that
war was not recreation, but the most serious affair a man
could engage in; that it meant trial and privation, cold,
hunger, sickness, wounds, and often death; that anyone
who thought this too high a price to pay for the security of
mothers, wives, children, and home, should not enlist as a
soldier; that he himself was ready to vmeet the issue at
once in the only way brave men could meet it, and he
hoped ten other men would go with him from Orwell that
night to join the 105th Ohio in which they had so many
friends and relatives.

2(i THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
In as many minutes, ten white-faced men had
walked up to the table and signed the paper which
gave their services for three years or during the war to the
defense of their country.
Loving hands were busy in hurriedly packing into car
pet-bags a change of underclothing, a pair or two of stock
ings, a bottle of " Pain Killer," a little " housewife " with
needles and thread, a roll of bandage and some lint, and in
every bag, wrapped in a shirt or handkerchief, a Testament
or Bible. In an hour they were in wagons on the road to
the camp at Cleveland, fifty miles distant, which was reached
in the morning, just in time to permit them to join the regi
ment of their choice. In a week they were on the way to
the front; in little more than a month, they were
veterans who had seen more war than many soldiers
did in years, and few of them saw the homes they
left so unexpectedly that night until after three years
of fighting and thousands of miles of marching, they
returned, when the flag they loved floated in undisputed
sovereignty over the whole land. But at what fearful
cost ! Of those who made that journey from Orwell to
Cleveland, how many were laid to rest in graves far from
the mothers who kissed their boyish cheeks for the last
time that night. How many of those who returned missed
the welcome of a voice that had been the dearest in the
world !
This account has been condensed from a contem
poraneous narrative. How true a picture it was every one
whose memory reaches back, to that time can well avouch.
The meeting in Orwell is but a type of thousands held at
that time, when pulses beat faster than ever before.

IV.
THE RANK AND FILE.
HE men who took the oath of service
on that August day of 1862, were
freSh from their shops and harvest-
fields. A few of them enjoyed the
proud distinction of having seen ser
vice. The colonel had a scar upon his
forehead, a reminiscence of the battle of
Shiloh. The lieutenant-colonel had also
won promotion fairly by a year's service
as captain in another regiment. The
major had been a lieutenant under the
first call for troops, when it was
hoped that ninety days would end the war,
a hope he fervently shared; but, seeing it did not, he
thought the time had come to go again. Four of the captains
had records of previous service ; three in the war then going
on and one in the war with Mexico. ' Six of the lieutenants
were also what were then esteemed veterans. They had
seen service, and some of them had seen the hot glare of
battle. A few of the enlisted men had also responded to
the three months' call. On account of this, they were
mostly made orderly sergeants. For the rest, field, staff,
and line, the whole rank and file, were raw products of the
life of the Western Reserve. Two-thirds of them were
farmers' sons, who, up to that time had been at school, at
work upon their fathers' farms, or employed by the month
by some neighbor preparatory to setting up for them-
27

28

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

selves. There was one lawyer and five law - students
among them; one minister, some dozens of clerks, two
medical students, and a hundred or more teachers. Eighty-
five per cent, of them were of native parentage. One-fifth
of those of foreign birth who had missed the advantage
of free-schools, signed the muster-roll with a cross. Only

4

Y**T
'
1 ¦
^7 ¦.!'':"
WS™'-^*
4}
k
T**^
Capt. George L. Riker.
Geokge L. Riker was born in Queens County, N. Y., October 11, 1830.
He attended the schools of New York City until he was seventeen, when he
removed with his parents to Livingston County, N. Y., and in 1850 came with
them to Painesville, Ohio. He was commissioned captain Company D 105th
O. V. I., with which he served until the tall of 1864. He was wounded at the
battle Of Perryville.Ky., and again during the siege of Atlanta. In February.
1864, he was commissioned mijor, but not mustered, the regiment being
reduced below the minimum by casualties of service and not entitled to a
THE RANK AND FILE. 2ft
one who was native-born made his mark. There were no
rich men in the regiment, probably but one worth more
than ten thousand dollars, and, perhaps, not half a dozen
who could claim more than half that valuation. At the
same time, there were no poor men among them. Every
one was self-supporting, or belonged to a family of sub
stantial means, or engaged in profitable industry. Of
those who worked for wages, the average monthly stipend
was at least double the pay the soldier received. Of farm-
laborers, the lowest rate reported by nearly two hundred
survivors, was fourteen dollars a month and board, the
recipient being a boy of seventeen. From that amount
the wages of farm-laborers ranged up to twenty-five and
thirty dollars a month. Clerks received from thirty to
forty dollars and board; teachers from twenty-five to one
hundred dollars a month. There were half a dozen col
lege-students, and more than a hundred students of the
various academies in the region from which the regiment
was drawn, enrolled in the different companies.
This region comprised the five easterly counties of the
Western Reserve, the northeasterly counties of Ohio — Ash
tabula, Trumbull, Lake, Geauga, and Mahoning. In all of
them there was not a town of more than one or two thou
sand inhabitants, and but one that laid claim to the title of
city. It was almost wholly a farming region. What manu
factures there were, were of a domestic sort, scattered here
and there in the villages and at the cross-roads. Eight
years before, a railroad had crept westward along the
southern shore of Lake Erie. The Mahoning valley had
but recently been tapped by a railroad from Cleveland,
opening up its treasures of iron and coal. With these

full quota of officers. He resigned in September, 1864, having participated
in every battle and skirmish in which the regiment was engaged up to that
date. After his return he engaged in mercantile pursuits. In 1879 he was
appointed light-keeper, at Fairport, Ohio, which position he still holds. He
has twice been eleoted mayor of the village and a member of the Board of
Education for the same. He was engaged in a profitable manufacturing busi
ness when he entered the service.

30 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
exceptions, there was not a mile of railway in the whole
five counties. Many of those who came to take the oath
of service had never seen a locomotive until ordered to
report at the rendezvous. The Lake Shore road cut the
northern tier of townships in two of the counties — Ash
tabula and Lake. The recruits from the south
erly towns eame in wagons along the level roads that
stretched between fertile and prosperous farms, to the rail
way stations in their various counties. One of these
6quads had a rather quaint experience with an incorrigible
gate-keeper on a plank road, who refused to let them pass
without payment of the customary toll. Being soldiers in
the service of the State, they refused to accede to his
demand. There was a hot argument. The gatekeeper was
obstinate ; the embryo soldiers indignant. The incident
was characteristic of the time and the spirit of the people.
The gatekeeper was bound to do his duty; the young men
cared nothing for the trivial sum demanded, but thought it
an insult to the service in which they were enlisted. There
came near being a ruined tollhouse as the result; but some
one broke the lock of the gate, and the wagons drove on
with shouts of derision for the gatekeeper, who was what
was then termed a "copperhead," and took this way to
show his opposition to the war which was in progress.
It will help to realize the difference between the people
of the two sections, if we reflect that a Union man who had
thus obstructed the march of Confederate soldiers to their
rendezvous, would have been hanged as well as hooted.
Even when exasperated, the northern man rarely lost his
law-abiding character. Violence was almost unknown to
the communities from which these young soldiers came.
During the months of July and August they had been
recruited at their homes, in the fields, and at meetings held
in the various villages, by officers who had received appoint
ments, which were to be exchanged for commissions when
a sufficient number to constitute the regiment had been

THE RANK AND FILE. ;\\
enlisted. Some, who had been loath to give their names
during the harvest, now, that the crops were out of the
way, felt free to enlist in what they termed the cause of
"Liberty and Union," in the hope that by such sacrifice the
period of strife might be reduced. It was strange how
they always spoke of "Liberty and Union," invariably
putting the most important word first, showing conclusively
that union was regarded by them chiefly as a means of
establishing and securing liberty.
There was, perhaps, less of a warlike spirit in the
region whence they came, than in almost any other part of
the country. Not a few of them were noncombatants in
principle; men who would have endured a buffet without
returning a blow, and who hated war as the worst evil that
could afflict any age or nation. But love of liberty had
become the very life-blood of this people. Throughout
the whole country the Western Reserve of Ohio was a
synonym for intelligence and freedom of thought. When
ever the foot of the slave, fleeing from bondage, struck the
white roads that led northward through its green fields and
sheltering woods, he was in no danger of losing his way
until he stood upon the shore of the blue waters of Lake
Erie, and saw the signal flying that would bring into the
offing some faithful captain, who would undertake to set
him ashore somewhere in the Queen's dominions, where lib
erty was not a question of color. They had been reared to
believe that "resistance to tyrants is duty to God?" and
counted any force that deprived a man of his natural rights
as tyranny; not less, but rather more to be condemned,
when done by many than when it was the act of one. One
of the counties from which this Thousand came, was the
home of Benjamin F. Wade and Joshua R. Giddings, pre
eminent among the champions of liberty and justice in
that day — "Benighted Ashtabula," as it was termed in
mockery, and as it proclaimed itself in pride, having, as
was claimed, the lowest rate of illiteracy of any county in
the Union.

32 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
The counties composing the famous Nineteenth Ohio
Congressional district were those from which the Thousand
was recruited. The battle of liberty had already been
fought out in its homes and schools. A few pro-slavery
men still lived, and scowled and snarled among them; but
"free-speech, free-soil, free-men," had been the watchword
of the great mass of its people long before it became the
slogan of a party.
The Whig stronghold became a " Free-Soil " outpost,
without changing its party allegiance or its representative
in Congress. When the House of Representatives expelled
him for an affront to the slave-power, which then dom
inated the government, they returned him again with an
increased majority, in token of their approval. So intense
was the sympathy of its people with the cause of liberty,
that it sent its sons in great companies to keep the plains
of Kansas against the aggressions of slavery ; and "John
Brown, of Ossawattamie, " located somewhere in its
umbrageousness, one of those hiding-places, in the soli
tude of which he evolved the plans, absurd and impotent
as they were, of what he deemed a divine mission, as no
doubt it was — -a mission predestined to failure, and which
could only have succeeded through failure. Some of the
Thousand remembered having seen this man, like his Master
great in his hate of wrong and in loving self-sacrifice for
the right: and like Him, too, in failure of His earthly
effort and the fate which befell; but unlike Him in the
means He employed. Both were condemned by the law
for proclaiming a truth greater than the law. The sunlight
of the Master's stainless cross fell on the servant's blood
stained gallows. Both showed the way to liberty; and
they who went forth to battle for the freedom of the slave,
sang of the Master :
"As He died to make men holy,
Let us die to make men free ; "
und of the Martyr, who deserved death by the law, and,
like Him, triumphed over the law:
" His soul goes marching on."

THE RANK AND FILE. X\
The words of a boy of nineteen, who was one of the
Thousand, show the force of these influences with peculiar
vividness. He writes :
' ' My first lively interest in the great question at issue
between the North and the South was roused, I think, by a
visit, to my father's house, of John Kagi, the right-hand
man of old John Brown, of Kansas, who was killed, later,
in the ill-advised Harper's Ferry undertaking. I had known
young Kagi well, as an intimate friend of my brother, Ho
ratio, and a frequent visitor at our house, when I was a lad
of ten or twelve, and he a young man of twenty or twenty-
one, just before he went to Kansas from his home in Bris
tol, 0. He was then a remarkably handsome youth — tall;
slight, amiable, refined and in every way most attractive.
He went to Kansas to teach school and seek his fortune.
Perhaps a year before the Harper's Ferry affair, he re
turned for a brief visit. A singular change had been
wrought in his appearance and character. His laughing
eyes had become cold, stern and watchful ; his mobile,
smiling woman's mouth was set and hard ; his straight,
black hair was streaked with gray and a white lock showed
where a bullet had plowed his scalp. He had no thought
or word for aught but the outrages of the pro-slavery men
upon the free-state settlers in Kansas. He spent but a few
days with his family, then hurried back to what he consid
ered his post of duty. I heard little more of him until his
tragic death at Harper's Ferry. I was, however, so im
pressed with his earnestness and the thrilling recital of
events in Kansas that it has always been difficult for me to
regard the firing on Sumter as more than an episode in a
war which had begun years before on the western plains. "
So the lad who had listened to Kagi, with the brother,
Horatio who was his friend, stood in the ranks of the
Thousand, and became, finally, Captain Horatio M. Smith,
the distinguished quartermaster, honored with the special
confidence of General Thomas, and Corporal William 0.

34

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

Smith, who was to his elder brother as was Benjamin of
old to Joseph.
Another, a mere lad, was one day riding with
his father along the road which skirts the southern
shore of Lake Erie, when a steamer came close in-shore,
loudly blew her whistle and lay tossing in the offing.
"See, my son," exclaimed the father, "that boat has
come to take off a fugitive slave ! That is the signal flying
from the mast. I heard something about there being ' black
birds ' around, last Sunday, at church. If we hurry, we
may see them go aboard. " He brought the
horses to a sharp trot
around the point that
lay beyond, and the
wondering boy saw a
colored man and a
woman with a child in
her arms, clamber on
board the steamer,
which hoisted its boat
quickly up, and, with
the echoing groans which
marked the working of
the old low-pressure en
gines, went on her way
up the lake.
Coup. Wm. O. Smith, Co. K. * "Thank God !"
said the father, standing up in the wagon, reverently
taking off his hat and raising his right hand. "Thank
God, another family is rescued from the hell of slavery ! "
The son never knew whether it was by accident or de
sign that he was brought to witness this scene. It was a
dangerous thing at that time, even on the Reserve, to give
aid or comfort to an escaping fugitive. Nothing more was
said ; but there is reason to believe that the stern-faced
* See Appendix.

THE RANK AND FILE. 35
father knew the peril of the fugitives, and if the boat had
not arrived that day, he had arranged to take them, at his
own risk, in his wagon that night to a noted " station " on
the " underground railway," just across the western line of
Pennsylvania. The boy was one of the Thousand, also,
with the lesson fresh in his memory.

THE SWORD-BEARERS.

X all armies there are two classes
— commissioned officers and en
listed men. The former carry
swords and direct ; the latter
constitute the fighting strength.
The regiment is the unit of force
in an army ; that is, it is the low
est organization which is complete
within itself. The companies of a
regiment have a certain organic
relation to each other, and to the
whole of which they are constitu
ent parts. They may be separated
and detached, but they are still
part of the organization, are car
ried on its rolls, and return to it at the expiration of their
1 ' detached service ; " with the regiment, it is not so. It
may be taken from one brigade, attached to another or as
signed to a distinct service, having no farther relation to
the organization or its brigade companions.
The life of a regiment is that of a permanent com
munity composed of ten families. Each family has its
own place and its own specific quality and character. This
special character of the company may, in some instances,
depend not a little upon the men, but it is necessarily deter
mined very much more by the quality and character of its
officers. There is, perhaps, no relation in life in which the
3fi

THE SWORD BEARERS. 37
character of one man is reflected so clearly in the lives of
other men as that of the commander of a company, in the
soldierly quality of the enlisted men under his command.
A colonel may impress his personality, to a certain extent,
on all the companies of his regiment, but his influence

Capt. Alfred G. Wilcox.
Alfred Gould Wilcox was born March 31, 1841, in Madison, Lake Co.,
Ohio. He lived on a farm, attended the common schools and academy until
fifteen years old, then entered Oberlin College, and was in the Junior year
when the call for troops came, under which the 105th was organized. He was
commissioned 1st lieutenant of Company F, which was raised jointly in Lake
and Geauga Counties; participated in all the raids, battles and skirmishes in
which the regiment was engaged; was promoted to captain and assigned to
Company F, on the 13th of January, 1863, and was mustered out as such, hav
ing remained in.command of same for nearly three years. Soon after the war,
having chosen the profession of editor and publisher, be served an appren
ticeship as city editor of the Cleveland Leader. He afterwards formed a part
nership with Captain J. H. Greene, and bought the Journal, of Fremont, O.
Later, he bought the Telegram, of Richmond, Ind. Here he built up a flour-

38 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
amounts to little in determining the moral tone of his men
and holding them up to a high standard of efficiency, un
less supported by the immediate commander of each com
pany. It is only this man who can encourage and inspire
the men under his immediate control to the best effort, the
highest valor and the most unflinching endurance of priva
tion and fatigue. Of this truth, the Thousand afforded a
notable example in that veteran captain who had learned a
soldier's duty on the plains of Mexico, who, after the most
arduous service the regiment ever saw and one of the most
exhaustive marches ever performed by unseasoned troops,
made report of his company : ' ' Present or accounted for,
ninety-eight ! " Why was it, when the ranks of others were
so depleted ? Of course, the fact that they had done less
marching than the others counted for much, but he had
counseled his men to throw away everything they could
spare, at the outset ; when he saw a man exhausted, got
another to help him ; spared no opportunity to get a foot
sore one a place in a wagon, and, by so favoring the weak
and encouraging the strong to help them, he brought his
company into camp without the loss of a man, captured or
straggled on the march. It is a matter of sincere regret
that the utmost exertion has failed to secure the portrait
of an officer of such excellent promise as Captain Robert
Wilson, of Company H, who fell, pierced by three bullets,
on our first battlefield at Perryville.

ishing business, at one time owning and publishing also the Hoarier, of New-
Castle, ind. Not in the best of health, he sold his properties, and in the fall
of 1872, removed to Minnesota. Locating in Minneapolis, he became manager
of the Daily News, and afterwards of the Vaily Tribune. Later, he began
publishing subscription books for The Household, of which, one, The Buckeye
Cook Book, has had the enormous sale of nearly 1,000,000 copies. In connec
tion with these publications, he started The Housekeeper, which at the time of
its sale by him in 1887, had reached a circulation of 120,000, a number unap-
proached by any similar publication. During the time he was carrying on
these enterprises, he became owner of a tract of fertile prairie lands of Min
nesota, and became interested in farming and stock raising, and few men
have done more for the agricultural interests of the State than he. Follow
ing these lines, with varying fortune, he has led a life remarkable for ener
getic and persistent work and manly achievement. He lives in Minneapolis,
and is an active member of the Minnesota Commandery of the Loyal Legion.

THE SWORD BEARERS.

30

The character of an army depends upon the quality of
these units of force, the regiments ; and the regimental
character must always be determined, in great measure, by
the quality of its officers. They are the nerves by which
the purpose of the commander is communicated to the
mass; and if they are deficient in spirit, knowledge, or
determination, when it stands in the forefront of battle,
those who place dependence on it will be sure to suffer dis
appointment. The soldier looks to his officer, not merely
for orders, but for example. Drill and discipline are only
instrumentalities by which the efficiency of men and officers
are alike enhanced. Drill i
nierety familiarizes both
with their respective f unc-
. tions; the use of discipline
is only to establish con
fidence between the en
listed man and his officer.
If that confidence already
exists, it requires very
little drill to make the
recruit a soldier; if it has
to be created, the habit of
obedience must take the
place of personal confi
dence. Who were they to whom
the destiny of the Thou- Corp. Lcjman G. Geiste.
sand was committed? In every case they were the product
of the same conditions as the enlisted men — field, staff,
and line were the neighbors and kinsmen of the rank and
file. The Colonel, born thirty-one years before in a little

Luman G. Gbiste was b3rn at New Hampden, Geauga County, Ohio,
June 18, 1844. Enlisted at eighteen in Company G, was appointed corporal ;
detailed as Judge Advocate's clerk during August 1863; wounded at Chicka
mauga, September 21, 1863; discharged February 24, 1864; graduated from
Cleveland Homeopatlr'c College, in 1874. Has practiced his profession at
Twinsburg, O., since that time.

40 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
country village, had been educated in the public schools,
had worked his way to some prominence at the bar, had
been elected prosecuting attorney of his county, had gone
west to Minnesota, half a score of years before its boom
arrived, and had just returned to his old home when the
first gun was fired on Fort Sumter. He raised a company
for one of the earliest Ohio regiments, the Twenty-fourth,
and had distinguished himself five months before in the
bloody conflict at Shiloh. Short, compact, resolute, alert,
and self-reliant, he possessed in a remarkable degree the
qualities which would have secured distinction as a
military commander had fate not cut short his career.
Within two months, he rose to the temporary command of
a division, not by favor, but by the hap of battle, which,
in a single hour, made him its senior officer. He never
came to the command of the regiment again, but won
deserved fame by his brilliant handling of the brigade of
which it was a part. If he did not always win the love of
those under his command, there was none who could with
hold admiration for his soldierly qualities, or fail to feel a
thrill of pride at the thought that he belonged, in a sense, to us
The Lieutenant-colonel, five years older than his
superior officer, tall, slender, courteous, with flowing black
beard and keen, flashing eye, was an ideal soldier of another
type. The counting-room and the village store had been
his college. He had left a desolate hearthstone a year
before to give what he deemed a shattered life to the ser
vice of his country. Never had soldier a nobler ideal. A
constant victim of pain, he never shirked a duty or spared
himself exposure. Sometimes irascible in camp, he was a
model of cheerfulness upon the march; nothing daunted
him and no hardship was too great for him to endure. In
battle his calmness approached the sublime. If the
Colonel dreamed of stars as he had good right to do, the
Lieutenant-colonel's aspiration never went beyond the
eagle, which he, no doubt, hoped to wear, the joy of
battle, the fame of brilliant achievement, and a soldier's

THE SWORD BEARERS.

41

death — which he neglected no opportunity to win.
The Major was twenty-six, of auburn hair, pleasant
face, calm, earnest eyes, and quiet, retiring manner. He
seemed, at first glance, hardly fitted for command. For a
time, the Thousand thought him almost a supernumerary;
but there was a firmness about the smiling mouth under
the tawny mustache and a flash that came sometimes into
the great brown eyes that served well enough to check
familiarity, and there was never any need to enforce
obedience. It was thought that the Colonel was some
times inclined to be imperious with his second in com
mand, but he was complacency itself to the sunny-faced
Major. Was it because
that officer was close
akin to the governor of
the state, whose favor
was not a thing to be
despised by one am
bitious of promotion?
Let us not inquire too
closely. The Thousand was
composed of men not
overburdened with re
gard for rank. The
life from which they
came was that stronger
rihase of New Eng
land life found at the Private C R. Radclifpe, Co. F.
West, which retains, perhaps in an aggravated form.
the peculiar New England quality of a jealous self-esteem.
They obeyed with readiness, because that was a soldier's

Charles K. Radcliffe was born in Mentor, O., * stone's throw from
the little Disciple Church which President Garfield used to attend. He was
seventeen years old when he enlisted as a private, and at that time was a
shoemaker's apprentice. He served continuously until the army crossed
the Chattahoochie River. Here, utterly worn out with the hardships of
service he was sent to the rear, none of his companions expecting ever to see

42 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
duty, and treated their officers with respect, because they
respected themselves. The quiet Major grew in their
regard upon a basis of mutual esteem, which was not
at all abated when he had held the command longer
than both of his superiors. He had no special liking
for military life, no desire for promotion, no thirst for
o-lory, no hope for ulterior advantage. Without political
aspiration, endowed with sufficient earthly possessions, he
simply did his duty because it was his duty, and regarded
the Thousand the less honored by his leadership than he~
by the confidence they bestowed. He had no lack of self-
respect, but his orders took as often the tone of request as
of command. Three better types of the citizen soldier it would be
hard to find in any army.
The subalterns were simply fair samples of the life
from which the regiment was drawn. Of the ten captains,
one was a professor in an academy, one a minister, two
were students, one was a mining superintendent, three or
four had been engaged in mercantile pursuits. They were
mostly men approaching middle life, their average age
being thirty -three years. Of these only one remained with
the regiment until the close of the war — Captain Charles
D. Edwards, of Company A, afterwards major, lieutenant-
colonel, and brevet-colonel when mustered out. Two were
killed, one died, four resigned, and two were dismissed.
The twenty lieutenants were of the average age of
twenty-five years. They were nearly all students or clerks.

him again. He was captured with the forage train near Murfreesboro, Tenn,
June 21. 1853, and released on parole a few days afterwards.
The close of the war found him little more alive than dead. He went
to Missouri to engage in farming; made no money but recovered his health;
took a course in a business college; ran a paper at Baldwin, Michigan; was
city editor of The Commercial, Toledo, O., and in 1889 was appointed mail
agent. He has held many places of honor and trust in the towns where he
has resided, his party, the church and the Grand Army. He now lives in
Detroit, Michigan. It is to Comrade Radcliffe that the 105th owes the first
attempt to write its history. He kept a daily journal and the newspaper
account he gave of the service of the regiment is full of life and incident,
and surprisingly correct when we consider the circumstances under which it
was written.

THE SWORD BEARERS. 43
Six of them were college graduates, or college students.
Seven were mustered out as captains, four died during the
service, eight resigned, one was dismissed.
The men these officers commanded had been their
neighbors, schoolmates, friends. No wall of exclusion
separated them ; rank made little difference in their rela
tions. They found it not difficult to command, for the
only deference they exacted was the formal one their posi
tion required. Save in a few instances, they directed
rather than ordered. The enlisted man sought his officer's
tent for counsel as freely almost as his comrade's. On
the march, they chatted familiarly as they had done at
home. The friendships that had existed remained un
broken. The man in the ranks had almost as much pride
in his friend who carried a sword as if the emblem of rank
had been his own. Perhaps he was his brother or his
cousin. Not unfrequently the orderly sergeant messed
with the commissioned officers. Why should he not? In
education, wealth, and all that society counts essential to
gentility, save the accident of temporary rank, he was
often their equal; sometimes their superior. Even in rank,
he was likely at any time to rise to their level. Of the
line and staff officers mustered out with the regiment at the
close of the war, all but eight had been mustered in as
enlisted men.
Few of the officers found it necessary to resort to exclu-
siveness or punishment to secure the respect of those under
their command, and in those cases respect did not always
accompany obedience. Obedience, indeed, became habitual,
but it was the willing obedience of the intelligent man, not
the slavish submission of an inferior based on fear of pun
ishment. Because of this, the Thousand became noted for
the parental character of its discipline. It had an envi
able reputation for good order and prompt obedience, but
was especially distinguished for the mildness and infre-
quency of its punishments.

44 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
From the point of view of the regular army officer, all
this was horribly bad form; but the theory of discipline
which prevails in our regular army is purely monarchical
and aristocratic. Despite the many gallant and noble
officers it contains, it is in theory and in practice a disgrace
to the republic. When the ranks shall be made the only
door to West Point, and every soldier shall have an open
field for preferment, it will become the most efficient army
in the world; then desertions will cease and the expense
of recruiting be avoided, since the best young men of the
nation will seek the army as* a desirable career. It is a
change that is sure to come, since it is dictated by every
patriotic consideration. The country cannot afford either
to rear aristocrats or to deprive the men in the ranks of the
soldier's just reward — the right to wear a sword when he
has fitted himself for the duties of command.
Neither the officers nor men of the Thousand were
saints; but they were fellow-soldiers, as they had been fel
low-citizens, and, in the main, self-respecting soldiers, as
they hud been self-respecting citizens.

VI.
THE THEATER OF WAR.
HE theater of war was of almost un
precedented extent, and altogether
unique in character. Kouglily desig
nated, it may be said to have been
bounded by the Potomac, Ohio, and
Missouri rivers on the north, and by
the Atlantic and Gulf coast upon the
east and south. It was divided by the Mississippi. That
portion lying east of the great river was marked by certain
peculiar combinations of natural conformation and arti
ficial roadway, which were at every stage of the conflict of
prime importance, and, in the main, determinative of the
strategy of both armies.
Its most important physical feature was a rugged
mountain region roughly triangular in form, its base
extending from Harper's Fsrry, on the Potomac, west
ward to the neighborhood of Portsmouth, on the Ohio
river, and its apex resting at Stevenson, in Alabama. The
northern and western sides of this triangle are each about
three hundred miles in length, and its southeastern side
more than five hundred miles. This region embraces nearly
all of West Virginia, the western portions of Virginia,
North and South Carolina, the northwestern part of
Georgia, and Eastern Tennessee and Kentucky. It is
composed of a great number of elongated peaks or over
lapping ranges, having a general trend from northeast
towards the southwest. These are divided into two general
45

46

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

groups, separated from each other by a depression, which
extends longitudinally from Lynchburg, Virginia, to Steven
son, Alabama.
The northern part of this depression constitutes the
bed into which are gathered the tributaries of the James
river, flowing eastward through the passes of the Blue

Marshall W. Wright, R. Q. M.
Marshall W. Wright was born August 27, 1818, in Conneaut. O. His
father was a native of Massachusetts, his mother of Connecticut. He was
the oldest son, and very early in life had to help support the family. School
advantages were almost unknown. He pursued his father's occupation, that
of tanner, and was married March 26, 1844. In 1847, he moved to Dorset, O.,
and followed farming for six years. He was elected Sheriff of the County of
Ashtabula, in 1853, and served two terms. In 1857 he removed to Kingville,
Ohio, and has since resided there.
He has five children and eighteen grandchildren, and in April, 18M, cele
brated his golden wedding He was appointed lieutenant and quarter-master

THE THEATER OF WAR. i;
Ridge. Almost interlacing with these are the headwaters
of the Clinch and Holston rivers; these, uniting, form the
Tennessee, which, flowing to the southwestward, bursts
through the mountain barrier in the northeastern part of
Alabama, where it whimsically abandons its southwestern
course, which, continued would lead to the Gulf of Mexico,
three hundred miles away, and lazily and uncertainly pur
suing the arc of a great circle, falls into the Ohio at
Paducah, almost as far to the northward.

of the 105th at its organization, and served as such until April 13. 1864, when
he resigned on account of ill health.
Quartermaster Wright furnished a very necessary ingredient of the
morale of the field and staff of the regiment. He was a man of mature age,
who had occupied positions of honor and trust; was of influence in his
county; well-known and highly esteemed throughout the district from which
the regiment came; of incorruptible integrity, unimpeachable good will for
all; without u, suspicion of self-seeking, easily approachable; of invincible
good nature, and having that most delightful of all faculties, the power of
making everyone feel that he was his friend without being the enemy of any
one else. He was a man of easy temper, not remarkable, either for execu
tive ability or irrepressible energy, but altogether remarkable for readiness
to encounter any difficulty, and for unfailing good nature under the most dis
heartening and depressing conditions. He was every man's friend, as ready
to cheer and condole with a teamster, or a footsore soldier, as with any
officer of the regiment. His wide acquaintance throughout Ashtabula County
enabled him to do many acts of kindness for the friends and families of the
soldiers, which he was never too busy or weary to undertake. To the sick of
the regiment he was a benison ; to everyone a friend.
That he was able to spare time for these unnumbered errands of mercy and
cheer, without the duties of his position suffering from neglect, is due to the
rare qualities of the men who were his assistants and immediate subordin
ates. Probably no regimental quartermaster ever before had two as efficient
quartermaster sergeants as Horatio M. Smith and George W. Cheney, or a
commissary sergeant of such unpretending faithfulness or scrupulous exact
ness as William J. Gibson, a commissary who when the ration for each man
during the siege of Chattanooga fell to less than live hard-tack each, for
eight days, had the self-control and rigid sense of justice to give himself
only the four and a half he dealt out to the others. It seems a small matter
to a man who has enough to eat, but that half-cracker which Sergeant Gib
son broke off from his own ration and cast back into the aggregate, at a time
when men knelt about the place where rations were issued and picked up the
crumbs which fell upon the ground, represented more self-denial than can
well be understood by those who have not been in like conditions.
With such assistants and his own inexhaustible amiability, Lieutenant
Wright was no doubt the best-liked quartermaster in the army, as he was
easily the best-known and best-loved man in the regiment— not only by the
men in the field but by their wives and children at home— as he continues to
be until this day

48 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
This great longitudinal depression divides, not very
unequally, this vast mountain region into two parts, each
with an eastern and western declivity, both laterally pierced
by innumerable narrow and tortuous valleys, lying between
irregular and precipitous mountain walls. The eastern por
tion is termed, indifferently, the Blue Ridge or Alleghany
mountains. The western range is called collectively the
Cumberland mountains, and, in its lower part, the Cumber
land plateau. The eastern range was at that time practi
cally impassable for an armed force throughout its whole
extent, from the passes where the James river breaks forth
in the rear of Lynchburg, to the tortuous defiles through
which the railroad steals from Chattanooga to Atlanta.
The western side of this double-ended trough is pierced
with some half dozen intricate and difficult passes, only one
of which, known as Cumberland Gap, lying a hundred ami
eighty miles almost due south from Cincinnati, was sup
posed at the outbreak of the war to afford a really feasible
route to the valley of the Holston, or East Tennessee.
The struggle developed the fact that at least three others
were actually available, while the elevated plateau into
which the lower part of the Cumberland range expands,
was cut by numerous difficult but practicable defiles,
between the head of the Sequatchie valley and the debouch
ment of the Tennessee river. The whole region is some
times denominated the Appalachian mountains.
Along this median depression which separate's the
Blue Ridge from the Cumberland range, ran a railroad
linking Richmond, the seat of Confederate power, with the
southwestern states of Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi,
Louisiana, Texas, and Arkansas. Along the eastern slope
of the Alleghanies ran also, other lines of railroad, connect
ing Richmond with Atlanta and the southeastern states of
the Confederacy. The strategic effect of this conforma
tion in conjunction with these railway lines was, first, to
make the three northeastern states of the Confederacy
unassailable from the northwest, except through the north-

THE THEATER OF WAR. 49
ern outlet of the valley of East Tennessee, in the rear of
Lynchburg, or around the southern end of this impervious
rocky chain, along the railroad leading from Chattanooga
to Atlanta. Because of this, the Confederate forces in
Virginia, North and South Carolina had no need to guard
against attack from the rear, but could concentrate their
whole strength against the enemy in front.
In the second place, this depression with the railroad
running through it, served as a covered way by which the
forces of the Confederacy might be quickly and safely
concentrated on any part of their line which chanced to be
threatened and returned before the enemy could take
advantage of their absence. It was on these lines, running
through Vicksburg, Corinth, Murfreesboro, Chattanooga,
Atlanta, and Knoxville, and uniting in the field of opera
tions of the army of Northern Virginia, that nearly all the
great battles of the war were fought.
This double-walled, impregnable rampart, extending
three hundred miles southward from the Ohio, and five
hundred miles southwestward from the Potomac, of neces
sity greatly enhanced the defensive capacity of the Confed
eracy. One has only to imagine the Appalachian moun
tains removed so as to permit access at almost any point on
this long line, to realize how easily an army moving through
West Virginia or Kentucky might, in connection with an
attack in front, have compelled the evacuation of Rich
mond. As things were, however, an army operating from the
Ohio river as a base, had open to it only three lines ot
approach to the Confederate territory: (1) through the
gaps of the Cumberland range into East Tennessee ; (2)
along the line of the Louisville and Nashville railway to
Stevenson or Chattanooga, thereby turning the southern
end of the Appalachian mountains; or, (3) along the
course of the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers to the
same strategic line.
At the outbreak of the struggle, the Confederates

50 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
seized and held the southern portion of Kentucky, the
center of the army of occupation being at Munfordville
and Bowling Green; its right at Cumberland Ford and
Barboursville, under General Zollicoffer, covering the road
to Cumberland Gap; and its left at Fort Donelson, on the
Cumberland river, which, with Fort Henry, twelve miles
away on the Tennessee, was heavily garrisoned and relied
upon to hold those rivers against both the Union land and
naval forces. These positions were admirable for defence,
and equally admirable for an attack by the Confederate
center. It was natural, therefore, that the Federal com
mander in Kentucky, General Robert Anderson, and his
successor, General W. T. Sherman, should be apprehensive
of such an attack, and desirous of strengthening his own
center at Louisville. This policy was continued by General
Buell, who was assigned to the command of the army of
the Ohio, embracing the forces in Kentucky and Tennessee
east of the mouth of the Cumberland, in November, 1861.
In the meantime, General George H. Thomas, in com
mand of the Federal left at Somerset and Camp Dick Robin
son, was urging an advance by Cumberland Gap into East
Tennessee, to seize the railroad running from the Confeder
ate capital along the valley of the Tennessee, so as to both
interrupt communication with the southwest and turn the
right of the Confederate army in Kentucky by demonstrat
ing against Chattanooga. General Ormsby M. Mitchell,
who commanded at Cincinnati at that time, was enthusiast
ically in favor of this movement, declaring that to hold
East Tennessee, with its intense Union sentiment, was
' ' equivalent to placing an army of fifty thousand men at
the back door of the Confederacy." President Lincoln,
with that unerring insight which was the distinguishing
quality of his genius, also approved this movement, and
recommended to Congress an appropriation to build a mili
tary railroad from Lexington to Knoxville, via Cumberland
Gap, for the transportation of men and supplies, in order
that this all but inaccessible cleft in the mountain wall

THE THEATER OF WAR. r,i
might De made "an impregnable citadel of liberty." We
know now how true were the President's intuitions, and
how just were the views of the commanders who urged this
course. But the country had not yet learned the wonderful
sagacity of Lincoln, and the modest Thomas and impetu
ous Mitchell were both distrusted for the very qualities
which would have made them of inestimable value to the
national cause had they been given the scope and recogni
tion they deserved. The one was doomed to perish in
practical exile in a useless command on the South Carolina
coast; the other to wait until the very last hour of the
great conflict for the recognition of his merit.
The influences which were to shape the action of the
army under General Buell were destined to come from other
sources than its commander. It may be doubted if he was
intellectually capable of a successful initiative. Overesti
mating always his opponent's power and dwelling persist
ently on the strategic advantages the enemy possessed, he
forgot everything that made in his own favor, and really
allowed the movements of his army to be dependent on
those of his opponent, to a degree, perhaps, unprecedented
in military history. Such a line of action can never suc
ceed except in a purely defensive warfare — and even a Fa-
bius needs to be able to strike at the proper moment, and
to strike with all his force.
By some curious misapprehension of the character of
General Thomas, who commanded the forces opposed to his
right wing, General Albert Sidney Johnston was induced
to sanction an advance under Zollicoffer, an advance justi
fied, perhaps, by political hopes, but wholly indefensible
from a military point of view. The result was the battle
of Mill Springs, fought on the nineteenth of January, 1862,
resulting in the first Federal victory of the war at the West.
Zollicoffer's force was not only defeated, but also driven
across the Cumberland, exposing Johnston's flanks in a
manner which, if followed up, must have compelled him to
fall back to the line of the Cumberland river. Instead of

52 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
pursuing this advantage, Buell ordered his victorious sub
ordinate to retreat.
Little more than a month later, February 2, 1862, how
ever, events occurred which were, fortunately, beyond the
control of the trio of scientific soldiers — McClellan, Hal-
leck and Buell — who then commanded the three great ar
mies of the Union. The department under the control of
the latter, though not strictly bounded in his assignment to
command, extended westward only to the mouth of the
Cumberland River. Beyond that was the Department of
Missouri, with General H. W. Halleck in command. Gen
eral George B. McClellan, as commander-in-chief of all the
armies of the United States, exercised a general supervision
and control. These three men were pre-eminent among the
officers of the Federal Army as theoretical soldiers. As
military critics, they were, perhaps, unexcelled in their day.
Their very excellence as theorists, however, not being
coupled with that resolution and audacity which are essen
tial to enable a commander to win battles or overcome an
enemy, became a source of weakness rather than of strength.
The trained imagination, which is the peculiar quality of
the strategist, had in them been developed without the
modifying influence of actual warfare or a corresponding
development of that pugnacious spirit which inclines a
commander to make up in celerity of movement, vigor of
attack or stubbornness of resistance, any fortuitous advant
age he sees that his opponent might have, but of which it
is not certain that he will be able to avail himself. Prob
ably, three men were never before associated in the chief
control of a nation's armies who so closely resembled each
other in capacity to overrate their opponents, minify their
own advantages, and out of imaginary molehills create in
superable obstacles.
It was an instance, on an almost unprecedented scale,
of an army of lions led by a trio of hinds — not that either
of these men lacked personal courage any -more than they
lacked military skill, but the fear of failure was with each

THE THEATER OF WAR. 53
so great as to overwhelm that dogged determination to win,
on which success in war must always finally depend. A
mere scientific soldier may organize an army, may decide
what strategic movements are preferable upon a definite
theater of war, or may plan a successful campaign ; but
the man who commands an army and controls its move
ments should be, first of all things, a resolute and deter
mined fighter.
Despite the paucity of troops in the vast department
under his control, the Confederate commander in Kentucky,
General Albert Sidney Johnston, had posted at Forts Don
elson and Henry an army of more than 20,000 men, which
should have been sufficient to hold them against three times
their number. This was a matter of supreme importance
to General Johnston, for on the maintenance of this posi
tion depended his own ability to hold Southern Kentucky
and Middle Tennessee. These works were on the extreme
eastern verge of General Halleck's Department of the Mis
souri, and, as such, were a part of the District of Cairo,
then, fortunately, under the command of a soldier who had
no paper reputation to paralyze his impulse, but who had
every incentive, as well as the native resolution, to under
take great things, even when apparently impossible of
achievement. This man, then quite unknown to fame, had
gotten the idea that, by an unexpected attack, the weaker
of these strongholds, Fort Henry, might be taken, and that
the other might either be carried by immediate assault,
or, being fully invested, might be compelled to capitulate
before it could be relieved. For a month he had impor
tuned his superior, General Halleck, to allow him to pur
sue this course.
On the first day of February he received permission to
make the attempt ; on the second, he started with fifteen
thousand men to attack the two strongest military positions
west of the Alleghanies, garrisoned by nearly twice as
many men as he commanded ; on the sixth, Fort Henry
surrendered ; on the twelfth, Fort Donelson was invested ;

54 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
on the sixteenth, it surrendered. Fifteen thousand pris
oners and more guns than the besiegers had were captured.
This achievement marked an epoch in the war. Not only
had a new man appeared, but Ulysses S. Grant was a new
type of soldier in our army — the type which used the forces
he had, instead of waiting for what he might desire. It
was the first great victory of a great war, and the army
which capitulated at Donelson was the largest armed force
ever captured, up to that time, on the continent. Because
of these things and the brief time it occupied, it will ever
be regarded as one of the most brilliant campaigns in mili
tary history. On the nineteenth, three days after the sur
render of Donelson, Halleck, jealous of Grant's unexpected
success, recommended the promotion of one of his subor
dinates, General C. F. Smith, over him. On that same
day, the President, wiser than his scientific advisers, rec
ommended, and the Senate confirmed, the man, who first
"organized victory" for our arms, to the rank of Major-
General of Volunteers. The junta of military critics had
failed ; the fighting soldier had achieved the impossible.
From that hour his course was upward, every step a vic
tory, until victory culminated in conquest.
The inevitable result of the fall of Donelson was that
the forces in front of Buell melted away in a night.
Bowling Green was evacuated the day Donelson was
invested. On the twenty-fourth of February, Buell's
forces entered Nashville unopposed. He at once began to
caution his subordinates not to move too rapidly. Early in
March he was ordered to Savannah, on the Tennessee river,
to join General Grant in his intended advance on Corinth,
Mississippi. So deliberate was his march, however, that
only a small portion of his army arrived in time to take
part in the first day's battle of Shiloh.
From that date until early in June, preceding the time
our story opens, the army of the Ohio, except one division
under Mitchell, a brigade under Negley, and a few scattered
outposts in Kentucky, was part and parcel of the roaring

THE THEATER OF WAR. 55
farce which Halleck was conducting under the loud-sound
ing title of the ' ' the Siege of Corinth ; " not that Corinth was
besieged, or even half-invested, but in six weeks, the great
strategist moved his army fifteen miles, almost without
opposition; captured a deserted city; allowed his enemy to
escape unhurt, and then — marched back again!
In the meantime, General Ormsby M. Mitchell, a soldier
of the Grant type, who believed in doing something besides
getting ready, being left at Murfreesborough, with only
three brigades, had overrun Middle Tennessee, captured
Decatur, Huntsville, and Stevenson, in Alabama, and held
the line of the Tennessee River to Bridgeport, only twenty-
two miles from Chattanooga. This ' ' Gibraltar of the Con
federacy" was at that time practically undefended. The
highest estimate of the Confederate forces there was "about
ten thousand men." As a fact, its garrison was less than half
that number. East Tennessee was bare of Confederate
soldiers, and the people were clamorous, as they had been
from the first, for Federal forces to come and occupy this
all-important position, whereby the rear of the Confederate
army in Virginia might be threatened^ and their most
important line of communication between their eastern
and western armies wholly destroyed. Negley, with one
brigade, was actually in front of Chattanooga; only the
Tennessee River lay between his lines and the most import
ant position the Confederates held west of Richmond.
General George W. Morgan, with twelve thousand men, was
on his way to East Tennessee, via the Cumberland Gap.
Mitchell was begging for reinforcements in order that he
might invest Chattanooga before it could be relieved. If
the "Siege of Corinth" had continued a little longer, or
Mitchell had been reinforced by even a single brigade, he
would, in all probability have captured Chattanooga. General
Morgan asked that Negley might continue to demonstrate in
its front, to preyent the enemy from throwing a force into
East Tennessee. ButGeneralBuell's orders on leaving Corinth
on the sixth of June, were to march via Decatur and Hunts-

56 THE STORY OF A TLIOUSAND.
ville, to take Chattanooga and occupy East Tennessee. Un
fortunately, he'was also ordered to repair the railroads leading
thither. To this last work he addressed himself with ardor;
the more important task he seems almost to have forgotten.
Negley was at once ordered back to McMinnville; Mitchell
was directed to repair the Chattanooga and Nashville Rail
road, and the whole army was scattered in small detach
ments along the lines of railway converging on Nashville.
For two months Buell crept on toward his objective, build
ing railroads, distributing bridge-guards, erecting stockades,
returning fugitive slaves, and giving daily advice upon the
conduct of the war. He was an officer of inconceivable
industry in a literary way, and most unfortunately for his
fame, his dispatches have been preserved with unusual com
pleteness. On the first day of August, General McCook was only
six miles nearer Chattanooga than Mitchell had been in
June. Both were cautiously feeling their way toward that
city. General G. W. Morgan was entrenched at Cum
berland Gap . Bragg had collected an army of fifty thou
sand men at Chattanooga. Kirby Smith held East Tennes
see with thirty thousand. Buell had an invincible belief
that Bragg's purpose was to advance upon Nashville, and
first made his arrangements to meet and engage him at
Altamont, on the summit of the Cumberland plateau, where
there was neither forage nor water, and which was all but
inaccessible to an army, even with no enemy to overcome.
Then he decided to retire his army on Nashville, still con
fident that his opponent could have no other objective. On
the day after the Thousand was mustered in, August
twenty-second, Kirby Smith, having turned the Federal
position at Cumberland Gap, arrived, with fifteen thousand
men, at Barboursville, Kentucky. Buell thought it a feint
to divert attention from Bragg's advance upon Nashville,
and hastened his preparations for retreat. Five days later,
Bragg began his march, unopposed, from the head of
Sequatchie valley, by Sparta, to Carthage and Gainsbo

THE THEATER OF WAR. 57
rough, on the Cumberland River, which he crossed, unop
posed, on his way to Kentucky.
Two days after Bragg had started on his march, Buell
telegraphed to the commanding officer at Mur frees borough:
" Could a good battlefield be chosen about Murfrees-
borough, affording position for the flanks and rear of a large
army. Report in as much detail as possible in cipher. "
Having thus advertised for a battlefield, he gave the
order to concentrate on Nashville, leaving Bragg to pass
undisturbed through a difficult region scarce a score of
miles from the left of his army, and cross the Cumberland
at his leisure. In this retreat, General Buell displayed his
best qualities as a commander. His arrangements were,
perhaps, the most perfect ever made for such a movement.
As if on review, his army moved in the exact order pre
scribed for the various divisions and detachments. From
Huntsville, Decatur, Bridgeport, Stevenson, Battle Creek,
McMinnville, Decherd, and all the scattered intervening
posts, the retreat began on schedule time, and was con
ducted with admirable precision. It was one of the most
masterly retreats ever planned, as why should it not be,
since there was none to oppose or obstruct, to hasten or
hinder? In order to secure its complete success, General
Buell asked, with urgent importunity, that Grant would
send, with all possible haste, two divisions to swell his
army, already greater than that of the enemy from whom
he fled, while that enemy romped leisurely down the west
ern slope of the Cumberland mountains into the fertile
plains of Kentucky. This was done, and the movement
was completed without the least variation from schedule
time. Not a man or a wagon was lost, as, indeed, none
could well be, unless they strayed from the line of march,
since there was no enemy in front or rear for half a hun
dred miles, save one who was marching away from Nash
ville as eagerly as Buell was pressing toward it.
When his army was finally encamped upon the banks
of the Cumberland, Bragg had already crossed that river,

58 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
and was preparing to fall upon Munfordville. Whether the
commander of the Army of the Ohio stopped in his march
to the rear to inspect the battlefield for which he had adver
tised, near Murfreesborough, or not, is not now ascertain
able; but that he still believed that Bragg was merely
maturing some fell plan to compass his destruction, there
is abundant evidence, as also that it required the whole
force of the national administration to start him from Nash
ville on that leisurely march he finally made so close upon
the rear of Bragg's army, that the dust of their passage
was hardly settled when his advance guard arrived. Only
the most consummate skill could have avoided a collision
with the army in his front, and inferior to him in numbers,
or delayed his march long enough to permit the junction of
the Confederate commander and his lieutenant in the heart
of Kentucky. It was at this juncture of national affairs that the
Thousand, the day after they were mustered in, reported to
Major-General Horatio G. Wright, commanding the Depart
ment of Ohio, at Cincinnati, and were ordered to cross tlie
river at Covington and wait for arms and equipments.

VII.
ON SOUTHERN SOIL.
LIGHT, wavering mist hung over
the Ohio river, shrunk almost to
its lowest stage, when, in the
early dawn of its second day of
service, the Thousand crossed.
the Fifth-street ferry and clam
bered up the ungraded hills
to the pleasant streets of Cov
ington, Kentucky. It hardly
needed the sight of blue uniforms, swords, and muskets,
in the streets and at the ferries, to tell us that we had
reached the theater of war. Two or three turtle-
backed gunboats, lying at anchor in midstream, loom
ed out of the fog, their ports open, the smoke lazily
lifting from their funnels, an armed watch showing
on their decks. They seemed like grim black dogs,
ready to leap on their prey; and our hearts exul
ted at the thought that the skill and ingenuity which
freedom fosters had provided the cause of liberty with
such formidable weapons. Slavery furnished abundant
supplies for the armies that fought for its perpetuity;
but its existence had starved and crippled that mechanical
skill and inventive genius, on the development of which
depends the power to construct the delicate and ponderous
instrumentalities of modern warfare. Had the Confederacy
possessed the constructive capacity and mechanical skill of
the North, with its advantages of position, the war for the
59

CO

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

restoration of the Union would, in all probability, have
been a hopeless failure. But the hand which holds the
lash is rarely skillful with the chisel or the lathe, and the
wrong done to the slave brought its own fruitage of weak
ness to the master.
We landed on the Kentucky shore near where the
water- works now are, and climbed the hillside without
forming ranks. Company G was the first to set foot in
Dixie, and as we passed one of the cottages, which clung
to the sharp slope, an aged woman, standing in the door,
saluted us with a wave
of the hand, and said :
1 ' God bless you,
boys, and bring you all
d-*$&KJ^ I sa^e h°me again ' "
n^£>3< Many uncovered at
this first greeting on
southern soil, and Ser
geant Warner, . whose
heart was ever quick to
acknowledge kindness,
answered for all :
' ' Thank you, moth
er, and maj' you be here
to see us when we come!"
The line was formed
on Greenup street.
While we rested on the
to ' show through the
silvery haze, telling of drought and heat. An elderly
gentleman came along carrying a market-basket. He

Sergt. Joseph K. Warner, Co. G.
curb, the red sunlight began

Joseph Ritner Warner was born in Erie County, Pa., in 1836;
attended Kingsville, O. Academy, and was studying law in Ashtabula, O., when
he enlisted in Company G. He managed to stagger through the " Hell
March," but was never well afterwards. He was urged to accept a dis
charge, but instead asked that he be reduced to the ranks and detailed as
a clerk. He served in that capacity during the whole war to the surprise of
every one who knew his physical condition. For many years he has been
one of the most efficient clerks in the Pension Bureau, at Washington, D. C

ON SOUTHERN SOIL. (51
paused to inquire where we were from and to learn the
names of our field officers. As he passed on some one told
us that it was "Mr. Grant, the father of the fighting
general." One of the "boys," — a specimen of that sort
of boys who never grow to be men, except upon the field
of battle — made as if to filch an ear of corn from his
store. Just then the fire-bells began to ring. "Wait
awhile," said the old man, good-naturedly, " and you will
get a much better breakfast. Covington gives her defend
ers one good meal as. a send-off, and those bells are ringing
to let her people know that another regiment has arrived."
The city made , good its pledge of hospitality ; the
tables in the market-house may not have groaned with the
viands spread out upon them, but some of the Thousand
did before they were cleared off. It was a long time before
they were to have such lavish hospitality forced upon them
again. During the day Mr. Grant came again. He chatted
with the men as freely as with the officers. Why should
he not ? He was part and parcel of the life from which
they came. He was very proud of his already famous son,
but not offensively so. It was not long before he learned
that the young Major's "Grandmother Tod," was the wife
of Ohio's first chief justice, who was his own early bene
factor, whose kindness his great son was unostentatiously
to link with his own fame by frank acknowledgment in the
book that resulted from that last heroic conflict with
adverse fate, which was finished on Mount McGregor.
But the father did not wait for the son's acknowledg
ment. He had the Colonel and the Major to dine with
him, and the Thousand thought all the more of their
major because his grandmother had befriended the father
of General Grant, and had him ' ' apprenticed to the tan
ner's trade." So far does reflected glory shine !
When we had finished our repast, we turned our atten
tion to securing and distributing our arms and equipments.
By some curious inconsistency, Commissary Sergeant Gibson

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

had been left in Cincinnati, almost without assistance, to
attend to the transportation of the arms, and camp and
garrison equipage of the regiment. In nothing does the
inexperience of the volunteer show itself so frequently as
in inability to properly utilize the officers of a command.
Here was a regiment having a full quota of officers, yet the
important work of transferring these essential stores was
left to a sergeant of the non-commissioned staff. A year
later, so serious and arduous a duty would only have been
entrusted to an officer of
i high rank, with an ade
quate force at his dis
posal. Almost any other
: man in Sergeant Gibson's
! place would have de-
, murred at the magni
tude of the task im
posed; but his idea of
a soldier's duty was "not
to reason why;" and if
he had been ordered
| to bail out the Ohio
i river with a pint cup,
he would have gone
at it with a quiet per
sistency, which, if it
William J. Gibson, Com. Sergt. did not achieve success,
would certainly have deserved it. Poor fellow, as he lugged
and tugged at his Sisyphean task for the next three
days, sleeping at night on the piles of stuff he moved by

William Jay Gibson was born near New Castle, Pa., Jnne 18. 1838, and
spent his boyhood on a farm. His father being accidentally drowned aad his
mother dying soon afterwards, tbe lad was thrown upon his own resources at
an early age. When scarcely fifteen, with most of his worldly effects on
his back, and $10 in his pocket, he set out on foot for the academy at Kings
ville. Ashtabula County.O., ninety miles distant, where he was first pupil and
afterwards a teacher. He volunteered under the first call for 75,000 men, but
the company with many others, was not accepted. He resigned his position
•if assistant principal of Kingsville Academy and enlisted as a private in

ON SOUTHERN SOIL. «:j
day, for, though he had some volunteer helpers, no guard
was provided, he little thought that the people of the
city, where he toiled an obscure private soldier, would for
many years welcome with delight his daily work in the
editorial columns of one of her great journals.
The enlisted man in our volunteer army may not have
carried his commission in his knapsack ; he may have even
failed of all recognition, or been treated like a dog and a
scullion by those who were his inferiors in all but rank, but
he carried under his hat, sometimes, the capacity to set
things even afterwards. Many a colonel has been out
ranked by scores of the privates of his regiment since their
muster-out, and Gibson's pen has given the commissary
sergeant of the Thousand a fame which no sword in the
regiment won for its wearer.
The equipment of the Thousand occupied three days.
Who that has ever witnessed the result does not recall it
with a smile? If anything has been omitted from the
soldier's outfit that could rattle, flop, pull, drag, torture,
and distort the wearer, it would be difficult to guess what
it might be. When he has donned his cartridge-box,
heavy with forty rounds; adjusted, as well as may be, his
waist and shoulder belts; has hung his haversack, protu
berant with three days' rations, on one side, and his can
teen upon the other; has slung his knapsack upon his
shoulders, the straps sawing away at his pectorals, as if
bound to amputate his arms; or has rolled his blanket and

Company G, August 7, 1862. He was promoted to commissary sergeant at
its organization and mustered out with the regiment June 3, 1865. Contrary
to the usual custom of regimental commissaries who tarried in the rear with
the supply trains, Sergeant Gibson usually marched and camped with the
regiment, and during the Atlanta camiuaign he took his chances with the
rest in the trenches. Though often under tire he was never wounded, and had
the rare good fortune never to be sick or off duty for a single day during the
three years' service.
At the close of the war, he spent several months in the oil regions of
Pennsylvania, then removed to Ann Arbor, where he graduated in the liter
ary department of the University of Michigan, in 1869. For several years
thereafter he was a reporter and editorial writer on the Detroit Post and
Detroit Tribune. In January, 1886, he became associate editor of the Cincin
nati Times-Star, a position he still (1895) holds.

(54 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
huug it across one shoulder, with, perhaps, his tent-cloth
and poncho strung the other way, to maintain the harmony
of the ensemble, his picturesque hideousness is not en
tirely complete until he reaches out his hand, grasps his
rifle, and, with that poised upon his shoulder, realizes,
both in his own feeling and the eye of the beholder, the
immense distance between the citizen and the soldier. We
very justly boast of the inventiveness of our people, but
no appreciable amount of ingenuity has ever been wasted
on the equipment of our soldiers. The pack-horse has a
saddle to keep his load in place, but the soldier has to
carry his pack without any such muscle-saving and spirit-
saving device. Perhaps, if wars do not cease too soon, the
government may some time grow paternal enough to con
sider the soldier's health and comfort, as well as the
cheapness of his equipment.
With military togs came military terms. Titles took
the place of names. Shoulder-straps and chevrons began
to assert themselves. Men came to be known by companies
rather than as individuals. All the ' ' Misters " disappeared
with our first parade under arms. Drilling was incessant,
despite the bustle attendant upon arming and equipment,
the making out of the duplicate and triplicate vouchers for
everything required by army regulations.
The streets were filled, early and late, with awkward
squads ; each one's awkwardness proving an encouragement
to the other. It may not be true that misery loves com
pany, but ignorance does; and nothing encourages a raw
recruit so much as the sight of a still rawer one. There
were not many drill-masters, for the best part of the officers
were as untrained as the men; but each one taught his fel
low what "he knew. When tbe squads were dismissed drill
went on in the quarters. What one failed to catch, his
comrade showed him how to do. It is amazing how much
was accomplished in this way, especially in the manual
of arms, in the three days in which we lay at Covington.

VIII.

THE "HELL-MARCH." It was a time of intense excitement,
— the conscious hush before a storm of
threefold fury. The Federal army was
in widely separated localities ; with Pope
in Virginia; where the disastrous cam
paign of the peninsula had just ended;
with Grant in Mississippi, and with
Buell in Middle Tennessee ; while eight
thousand men under General George
W. Morgan occupied an impregnable
position in Cumberland Gap. All at
once, the country awoke to the fact that
this force was in danger; the Con
federate general, E. Kirby Smith, had
collected an army in East Tennessee.
What was he going to do with it? The
"On the March." military experts generally agreed that
his purpose was to besiege General Morgan in the gap,
try to cut off his supplies, and starve him into sur
render. General Buell thought the movement against Gen
eral Morgan was merely a feint, and that the force collected
at Knoxville was intended to co-operate with Bragg on an
advance into middle Tennessee. Both were half right. It
was Bragg's first intention to drive back Buell's left, cut his
line of communication, the Louisville and Nashville railroad,
and compel him either to fight at a disadvantage or retreat
across the Tennessee. In the meantime, Van Dorn was to
65

60 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND
attack Grant, Kirby Smith to invest Cumberland Gap, and,
after its reduction, invade Kentucky, in order to prevent
troops being sent to the support of Buell.
On the 9th of August, however, General Kirby Smith
had suggested to Bragg a change of plan, by which, instead
of trying to reduce the work at Cumberland Gap, he should
only invest it on the south with a sufficient force to prevent
the enemy s advance, while, with his main army, he should
march through Big Creek and Roger's Gaps, concentrating
at Barboursville, Kentucky, and advance immediately on
Lexington. He also suggested that General Bragg, instead
of operating directly against General Buell, should content
himself with cutting that General's line of supply, and then
turned northward, advancing by forced marches so as to
unite their armies at some point in Kentucky, and move on
Cincinnati or Louisville before any sufficient force could be
provided for their defense.
This magnificent plan of campaign excelled, both in bold
ness of design and evident and unquestionable feasibility,
all other aggressive campaigns of the war. It proposed to
throw an invading army upon the wholly undefended center
of a long line, both of the wings of which were fully en
gaged, and, at the same time, demonstrate upon the flank
of the enemy's chief armies in such a manner as either to
compel a battle on the most disadvantageous terms, or, the
abandonment of all the territory that lay between the Ten
nessee and Ohio rivers. Whoever might have been at the
head of the Army of the Ohio, the success of this plan, if
properly supported and vigorously carried out, would have
been extremely probable; with Buell in command, it was
morally certain. Had it succeeded, the result would have
been to transfer the line of active operations from the banks
of the Tennessee to the Ohio; it would have added the State
of Kentucky to the territory of the Confederacy, and
might, very reasonably, have turned the scale of final victory
in its favor. Had it been properly supported and conducted
with the same boldness and enthusiasm with which it was

THE HELL-MARCH. 67
conceived and initiated, its author would have become to the
Confederate cause what Grant was to the war for the Union,
the one great captain whose achievements dwarfed all others
and bore down criticism with the unanswerable argument of
results accomplished.
The plan had two defects: (1) its author was inferior
in rank to the general with whom he was to be associated,
and to whom he was to be subordinate in its ultimate exe-
, cution;'(2) the force under the command of the officer hav
ing the initiative and most active, if not most important
part to play, was entirely disproportionate to the magnitude
of the work entrusted to him. Had Kirby Smith been given
ten thousand more men, or even one more division and
Morgan's cavalry, and had General Bragg moved a week
earlier, as he promised General Smith he would; had he,
even, starting when he did, contented himself with destroy
ing Buell's communications, masked Munfordville instead
of waiting to reduce it, and pushed on to a rendezvous at
Louisville, on a certain day, there is no reason to doubt
that he would have found that city in the hands of his co
adjutor on his arrival.
The Federal military authorities were at first inclined
to adopt the views of General Buell as to the strength and
object of the army under Kirby Smith, concentrating at
Knoxville, in East Tennessee. After a time, the impres
sion gained ground that it was intended to operate against
General Morgan at Cumberland Gap, by cutting off his sup
plies. Then the popular sentiment was aroused to appre
hension of an actual invasion of Kentucky, with a possible
movement against Cincinnati and Louisville, both of which
important points were almost wholly defenseless. General
Buell was ordered to take measures for the relief of the
force at Cumberland Gap. He replied, as usual, with an
argument against the step required. Nevertheless, he sent
General Nelson, with three brigadiers of his division, to do
whatever might need to be done.
With the knowledge that Smith had actually marched,
apprehension gave way to an excitement closely verging on

08

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

panic. On the 16th of August, the Secretary of War tele
graphed the governors of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Mich
igan, begging them to send troops at once to Cincinnati and
Louisville; on the next day, Governor Tod promised four
regiments in five days. The Thousand was the first instal
ment on this pledge. On the nineteenth, the Department
of Ohio was formed, and General Horatio G. Wright as
signed to command, with orders, first, to relieve General
Morgan, and then to
see that General Buell's
communications were
made secure.
The discharge of
this duty implied, first
of all, the creation of
an army of sufficient
strength to resist what
ever force Kirby Smith
might have, and,
secondly, its disposition
in such manner as to
baffle any movement he
might make. Of such
an army, the govern
ors of the States named,
furnished, with marvel-

Corp. Robt. A. Rowi.ee, Co. C.

ous readiness, the raw materials.
But it is not an easy thing to create an army even with
an abundance of the best material. It requires something
more than men and arms; it needs a leader and an esprit

Robert Allison Rowlbe was born in Wethersfleld, Trumbull County,
Ohio, November 15, 1841. Enlisted as private in Company C; was promoted
to corporal, December 18, 1862, and served as such to the close of the war.
He was in every march, battle and skirmish in which the regiment was
engaged but received no wound. Since the war, he has resided in Lorain, O.,
where he has been prominent in municipal politics, church work and charit
able organizations, in many of which he has held high rank. He is of such
youthful appearance that he has to carry his discharge in his pocket to make
strangers believe that he really " fit through the war."

THE HELL-MARCH. Oil
which shall pervade its every particle. There are two
methods by which, given men and arms, an army may be
created: one is by the tedious process of daily drill, con
tinued until the soldier becomes a machine and obedience a
habit; the other is by the leadership of one in whom every
soldier has an unfaltering confidence. The one requires time
— the other, a man. Napoleon made his raw levies veterans
in a day. One who has best described his method, repre
sents an old soldier as saying to a newly-arrived conscript:
1 ' What is it to be a soldier? To march, to load, to
aim, to fire! To die, if need be, without a word. One
learns it in a day. The Petit Corporal does the rest!" This
is the secret: courage, a little skill, a world of faith.
The ability to transform a mob of brave men into an
army which can win victories is the rarest of all qualities,
and especially rare in professional soldiers. The study of
military science seems to blunt the power on which, above
all other qualities, success depends. Grant had it, because
he assumed that his men were as willing to do their duty as
he was himself. "Stonewall" Jackson had it, because his
men saw in him an invincible determination and a confidence
in himself, which no failure could daunt and no obstacle
baffle. He achieved apparent impossibilities because he
lacked the power to doubt. Others developed it in greater
or less degree as the war went on. General Wright was not
of this type. As a cool, level-headed, faithful organizer, — -
a man who kept all the threads of a great work, suddenly
thrust upon him, steadily in hand, never once losing sight
of any part by absorption in any other part, his administra
tion of the short-lived Department of the Ohio will always
remain a testimony of the highest soldierly steadfastness
and remarkable executive ability.
Few men have ever done so mucli under such hopeless
conditions as he accomplished in his first month in this com
mand. He had not, however, the power to inspire men to
supreme exertion ; or, if he had, did not feel at liberty to
take his hand off the throttle of the great engine under his

70 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
control long enough to lead an army against the enemy
which threatened the line committed to his care. To his
credit be it said, however, he knew the man who could do
this very thing, and begged, again and again, that Sheridan
might be sent to command the army opposite Cincinnati.
"Sheridan," he wrote to Halleck, "would be worth his
weight in gold." Given Sheridan to command the raw
levies, General Wright promised that he would speedily
drive Kirby Smith out of Kentucky. Had his prayer been
granted, how different would have been the history of the
next two months !
Instead of Sheridan, General Wright had as commander
of his Army of Kentucky, Gen. William Nelson, a man, in
spite of many excellencies, peculiarly unfitted for the task
assigned him. Impetuous and daring to a fault, he lacked
the power of conciliating and inspiring others. Long service
in the navy had poorly prepared him for the command of
volunteer troops, unless, by experience, they had come to
appreciate his good qualities and overlook his harshness and
severity. He lacked breadth and scope, and was without
that subtlety which previses an enemy's purpose, or the self-
control which foils an opponent by skilful disposition when
ever doubt exists with regard to his strength cr purpose.
He treated his superiors with arrogance and his inferiors
with brutality. If invective could have destroyed, he would
have annihilated both his enemies and his friends. Such a
man, no matter what his military capacity, was certainly
not likely to succeed in the command of raw troops, whose
intelligence he insulted with profane diatribes, whose ardor
he cooled by harsh rebuke, and whose effectiveness he well-
nigh destroyed by lack of confidence.
Besides this, he was an especial favorite with, and
admirer of, General Buell, by whom he had been relieved
from the command of his division, then lying at McMinn
ville, Tennessee, early in August, when the rumor of an
invasion of Kentucky first arose, and with three of his bri
gade commanders, Generals Manson, Cruft, and James S.

THE HELL -MARCH.

71

Jackson, assigned to command the forces in this State.
Before he arrived, however, the Department of the Ohio had
been created and General Wright assigned to it. This
department embraced Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and
Michigan, and put General Nelson and his forces under Gen
eral Wright's command. Whether Nelson regarded this as
an affront to himself or to General Buell, it is certain that
he did not act in harmony
with his new superior,
his conduct and language
sometimes verging upon
insubordination. Thor
oughly imbued with the
views and policy of his
old commander, he
seemed unable to rid
himself of the idea that
General Buell was still
in control of his move
ments. It was no doubt
largely due to this un
fortunate bias in favor
of his commander, that
General Nelson's dis
position of the forces
in his new command was, apparently, in direct viola
tion of the orders of his department commander, and
resulted in useless and inexcusable disaster.
Hardly was the last belt-plate issued and the voucher
for it signed, when the Thousand were ordered to the front.
It was a hot, dusty ride to Lexington, eighty miles to
the southward; but they were eager eyes which scanned

Sergt. John F. Humiston, Co. E.

John F. Humiston was born in Charleston, Portage County, Ohio, in
1839. His parents moved to Chester, Geauga County, where he lived until
the breaking out of the war. He enlisted in the 7th Ohio regimental band in
July, 1861, and was discharged in June, 1862. Re-enlisting in the 105Lh he
became a sergeant of Company E, and was mustered out with the regiment.
He went to Minnesota in 1872, and is now engaged in the hardware trade at
Huron Lake, Jackson County, of that State.

72 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
from the roofs and doors of crowded freight-cars the unac
customed scene. What was the ineradicable stamp which
slavery left upon the land and people which it touched?
Hardly a score of the Thousand had ever been on slave ter
ritory before, and each felt at once its strange unaccus-
tomedness. The houses, the fields, the people gathered at
the stations, all bore the impress of another life. It was a
surprise, almost, to hear the same language spoken; and
one noted, instinctively, that the master had bound the
slave's limbs, the slave had put his seal upon the master's
tongue. It was "Dixieland;" we felt its charm, though
we did not define the cause. The grass was parched and
sere upon the softly rounded hills ; the pools were dry ; the
low branching oaks showed brown and dusty under the sum
mer sunshine; the wild wormwood grew rank and green
above the stubble; the shorthorns roamed restlessly about,
vexed with thirst and stung with flies. It was rich and
beautiful, the famous Blue Grass region that unfolded itself
before our appreciative gaze — but the Blue Grass region
lying parched and glistening in the heat and dust of an
almost unprecedented drouth.
Yet even then, when at night we made our first bivouac
on a sloping hillside, with a fringe of noble trees upon the
crest, a tiny stream trickling from a placid pool that lay
below a great spring-house, through the mossy stones of
which its waters fell; a spacious mansion in a stately grove
upon the opposite hill, with its white "slave quarters"
glistening in the moonlight, there was not one among them
who did not feel, not only that he was in a foreign land, but
that he had never looked upon a fairer scene.
From the mansion there was no greeting. An overseer,
with a chronic snarl upon his face, came to inquire and object
to our intrusion. A colored woman sold milk and butter
at the spring-house until there was no more to sell. After
the guards were set, black figures stole softly down from
the "quarters," crept up to the sentinels, who, scrupulous
in the discharge of their duties, kept the sergeant of the

THE HELL -MARCH. 73
guard busy bringing them to the officer on duty. They
came into his presence with soft, apologetic steps, making
excuse as the instinctive knowledge of character which
slavery gave, taught them to do, asked a few questions;
answered cautiously such questions as were asked, showing
clearly that prescience of a result, which the wisest and
most hopeful dared hardly anticipate, which marked the
slave's view of the situation everywhere. After a little,
they slipped away, one by one, the officer making no
attempt to detain them.
The harvest-moon shone brightly on the rows of sleep
ing men, each one of whom had his new rifle close beside
him. Were they not on the very theater of action?
This was the military situation when, on the 25th of
August, Adjutant Robbins reported the Thousand to Gen
eral Nelson, in command of the District of Kentucky, at his
headquarters in Lexington, eighty miles due south of Cin
cinnati, on the road to Cumberland Gap. Fifteen miles be
yond runs the Kentucky river; ten miles farther on is the
town of Richmond, just beyond which were camped two
brigades under General Manson, numbering about seven
thousand men. There were troops at Lancaster; a brigade
at Nicholasville; some regiments at Versailles; a camp at
Frankfort, and two brigades at Lexington. These, with
Dumont's division at Lebanon and other points on the
Louisville and Nashville railroad, constituted the Army of
Kentucky under General Nelson's command. General
Boyle, at Louisville, and the garrisons of Bowling Green
and Munfordville received orders directly from General
Wright, the department commander. The troops in and
about Lexington, General Nelson estimated a few days later,
at sixteen thousand men. Seventy miles beyond Richmond,
at Barboursville, lay the Confederate general, Kirby Smith,
with the force he brought through Roger's and Big Creek
Gaps. He was twenty-five miles to the rear of Cumberland
Gap, where the Federal general, George W. Morgan, was
shut up with seven thousand men.

74 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
There were two unknown quantities in this situation:
first, how many troops had the Confederate general?
second, what did he intend to do with them? As to the
first, General Smith's force had been reported all the way
from fifteen hundred to thirty thousand men. They were
veterans ; the Federal forces about Lexington were all raw
levies. General Wright seems to have thought Cincinnati was
the Confederate objective. General Buell thought Smith in
tended to march westward, cut the railroad, and join Bragg
in his expected movement on Nashville. General Nelson
agreed, as usual, with General Buell. Indeed, his
despatches read like an echo of his old commander's
thought. The day before, August 24th, General Wright gave
General Nelson this order:
' ' If the enemy is in force, get your troops together
and do not risk a general battle at Richmond, unless you
are sure of success. Better fall back to a more defensible
position, say the Kentucky river, than risk much."
To this General Nelson had replied, from Lexington,
on the same day.
"The enemy variously estimated from fifteen hundred
to eight thousand at or near Richmond. I fear it is Kirby
Smith that has come up. I will go to Richmond myself
tonight. "
Clinging fast to the hypothesis, that General Smith's
objective was the Louisville and Nashville railroad, which
he wished to cut, en route to join Bragg in his expected
move upon Nashville, General Nelson seems to have con
cluded that he would march west from Rogersville and
London, rather than advance on Lexington, through Rich
mond. To meet this purely hypothetical and wholly ab
surd movement, instead of obeying the explicit order of his
department commander, he directed Dumont to march to
Danville, and sent Jackson with his brigade to Nicholas
ville, intending to concentrate at Lancaster to intercept the
enemy. Had his views of the Confederate general's

THE HELL-MARCH. 75
strength and purpose been correct, the combination he
planned might have been well enough; as against a superior
force of veteran troops, under an enterprising leader, it
was a movement which should never have been attempted.
The simple fact is that General Nelson believed Gen
eral Smith's strength did not exceed eight thousand men,
thatbeing the number of the two divisions which had made the
wonderful march through Roger's Gap under his immediate
command, entirely omitting from his estimate Heth's divi
sion of seven thousand, who came through Big. Creek Gap,
the brigade of cavalry which preceded them, and the five
thousand from Stevenson's command, with which General
Smith had been reinforced. Because he chose not to be
lieve these reports, he felt at liberty to disobey the com
mand of his superior.
While the Thousand slept in their first bivouac, Gen
eral Bragg's order for his army to move out of the Sequat
chie valley by way of Sparta, en route to Glasgow, Ken
tucky, was being carried to his corps commanders. On
that night, Buell 's adjutant-general, Colonel Fry, telegraphed
from the headquarters of his chief, who was waiting to be
attacked at Decherd, Tennessee, to General Rousseau, at
Huntsville, Alabama: " No fight; Bragg is very slow; if he
wants one, he can have it. We are all ready. "
Bragg was indeed "slow," — a whole week behind the
date he had fixed to begin his march to meet Smith in Cen
tral Kentucky ; but it would be still another week, when he
had crossed the Cumberland river without opposition, be
fore the credulous and self-conscious Buell would believe
that he was going to Kentucky instead of coming to fight
him upon a battlefield near Murfreesborough, for which he
made special inquiry four days later, as we have seen.
There were four days of' quiet camp-life — the very
poetry of war. The tents were pitched in a magnificent
grove : a hundred acres of brown pasture, baked with drouth
until it echoed like a tiled floor beneath the tread, served as
our drill-ground. We mocked at rumors of impending

70 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
peril, because we heard that our commander did so and read
the veracious reports which appeared in the journals of tlie
North. War news was manufactured far more readily then,
and in more slipshod fashion than .would be tolerated now.
Anything to fill a column, the more startling and improb
able it was the better, seemed to be the rule. In that way,
the men who fought the battles became terribly tangled in
regard to what really happened and what was reported to
have happened. Not seldom the latter has gone upon the
record as veritable history, and the former been forgotten
or regarded as merely fanciful.
The days were full of duty; study and drill for officers
and men alike. Squad and company movements, the man
ual of arms, and the simplest of battalion maneuvers were
practised with the utmost assiduity. No such luxury as
target-shooting was indulged, nor was volley-firing permit
ted, except to the guard, who were allowed to fire their
guns when relieved from duty. Because of this privilege,
detail for guard duty was then as eagerly sought for as it
came afterwards to be avoided. Fortunately, most of the
regiment had been used to firearms from boyhood. The
routine of loading was somewhat different, but the general
handling of the piece was the same. Our arms were the
Springfield muzzle-loaders, an excellent weapon of its kind.
But one cannot help wondering now, why was it not until
June, 1863, that the magazine rifle was first used in action
by our soldiers? It was not because they were not procur
able, for a half-dozen firms were pressing their adoption on
the government. There were two reasons given: one that
there was a job behind the delay on which the fortunes of
some of our statesmen depended; another, that the officers
of the regular army thought it an unjustifiable extravagance
to put rapid-firing guns into the hands of volunteers. They
insisted that only long training could prepare the soldier
to use the muzzle-loader effectually, and, of course, a much
longer period would be necessary to teach them to load and
fire a breech-loader. The reasoning was not entirely without

THE HELL -MARCH. 77
fault, but it is characteristic of the class to which it was
attributed, that one is inclined to believe both stories, and
conclude that our army was deprived of more efficient weap
ons for two years, by the combined forces of prejudice and
profit. Possibly, neither is the true reason ; perhaps it was
genuine fear that the more intricate mechanism of the mag
azine breech-loader unfitted it for army use. At any rate,
the fact remains, and the Thousand learned its manual with
the cheerful ring of the iron ramrods in the empty barrels,
to aid the officer in timing his commands in firing-drill.
On the 30th of August, the ninth day after muster-in,
the regiment was engaged, between drills, in drawing the
last of our equipments, blankets, overcoats and shoes.
Hitherto, we had had only a half a blanket apiece, and even
this supply was somewhat short; but in the dog-days a
little cover suffices. Most of the men had supplied them
selves with rubber ponchos. The heavy double blankets
which the placid quartermaster and his hustling sergeant
deposited in every company street looked terribly burden
some to the perspiring soldiers, whose knapsacks were
already full to bursting with the clothing which a generous
government had heaped upon them with a too lavish hand.
They had no more need of overcoats and double blankets in
August, in the very stress of a Kentucky drouth, than they
had for foot-stoves or warming-pans ; but they had not yet
learned to limit their demands to their necessities, and hav
ing a chance to draw supplies, supposed the correct thing
was to take all that was going. Whoever ordered requisi
tions for winter clothing at that time, earned some deserved
curses during the six eventful days that followed, and many
more, afterwards, when the men came to realize how this
extra clothing had eaten into their pay accounts.
The issue was but half-completed when the long-roll
sounded for the first time in earnest. How the palpitating
drums throbbed and echoed! How the quickening pulses
answered! In all the world there is nothing like this instant,
imperative call to arms. In a moment all els'i is forgotten.

78 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
"Fall in!" echoes from end to end of the camp. The men
lounging in their shirt-sleeves run for their clothes and
equipments. Officers rush to their quarters and don their
side-arms. All over the camp is the buzz of wondering
inquiry, the snapping of belt-plates, and the hum of hurried
preparation. Orderlies align their companies and begin
their roll-calls. The adjutant passes down the line giving
a hurried verbal order to each company commander:
' ' The regiment will move in an hour in light marching
order, with two days' rations, and forty rounds of ammuni
tion!" The rations were unobtainable, but the ammunition
was distributed, and the quartermaster ordered to follow
with the rations. There were rumors of a fight in progress.
The rumble of artillery had come to us on the sultry air
just as the afternoon drill began; some said it was artil
lery, while others thought it thunder. There had been four
heavy detonations in rapid succession, and then silence.
Just as the sun went down the Thousand marched out
of its first camp, on its way towards a field of battle where
the fight had already been lost. It was our first march.
The road was the rough stone pike so common in Kentucky
and Tennessee. It was past midnight when we halted, a
dozen miles from Lexington, and throwing out pickets in
front and on the flanks, lay down in a cornfield in line of
battle and slept until dawn. Then we moved forward
nearly to the Kentucky line, where we halted to allow the
shattered fragments of a defeated army to pass us to
the rear. This time it was not the unexpected that happened:
what had been clearly and unmistakably indicated, had
occurred. Kirby Smith had marched from Barboursville
on the morning of the twenty-seventh. On the twenty-
ninth his cavalry had driven in General Manson's pickets.
That officer had formed his brigade and marched forward
two or three miles, driving back the Confederate advance-
guard in a sharp skirmish. He did not send any order to

THE HELL-MARCH. 79
General Cruft, commanding the other brigade, two miles in
his rear. It is evident that he shared the general belief,
that instead of an invading force, the troops in front were
a mere raiding party, which he coveted the glory of dis
persing without assistance. So, instead of retreating, as
the department commander had ordered, behind the Ken
tucky river, he advanced with only half his force and gave
battle. Elated by apparent success, he fancied that he
had driven back the whole force of the enemy, and sent a
message to the commander of his other brigade, that he
could maintain his position and needed no assistance. So,
a little army of less than eight thousand raw levies lay all
night in front of double their number of veterans, gather
ing through the night to overwhelm them. As if this were
not odds enough, the Union general had divided his little
force into two parts, with an interval of five miles between
them. Before the fight began he had reported to General
Nelson, at Lexington, that the enemy had appeared in his
front and he ' ' anticipated an engagement. " Nelson imme
diately sent orders to him not to fight, but to retreat on the
Lancaster road . With his usual impetuosity, which coun
ted an order made as already executed, Nelson, racked
with gout, procured a buggy and started for Lancaster,
lavishing curses upon all whom he conceived in any way
responsible for the discomfort he suffered.
He expected, very unreasonably, to find Manson at
Lancaster, where he arrived at half-past nine on the morn
ing of the thirtieth. Instead, he heard the booming of
cannon in the direction of Richmond. Procuring fresh
horses, he set out in the direction of the firing, and stealing
along unfrequented byways, at half-past two in the after
noon he came upon the field already lost beyond the hope
of recovery. He rode among the fleeing fugitives frenzied
with rage, raining curses and blows upon them, commanding
them to stand and fight. A few obeyed; a wavering line
was formed. The enemy advanced with their accustomed
yell; there were a few hasty volleys; then the line gave way

so THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
and the tide of fugitives surged to the rear, only to be
hemmed in by the enemy's cavalry, which swarmed ahead
of the wings and enveloped the doomed multitude as in a
net. Wounded in the foot, raging with pain and chagrin,
Nelson somehow escaped and reached Lexington during the
night of the thirtieth. Cruft's brigade had been brought
forward before Nelson's arrival on the field, and was in
volved in the general rout. The loss was 210 killed, 844
wounded, and 4800 captured. One-third of the Army of
Kentucky had been practically annihilated. The blame, as
usual, was laid upon the troops, who were said to have been
•struck with a panic," and " being raw troops, broke and
ran after a few volleys," instead of upon the rash and in
capable general to whose blindness and flagrant disobedi
ence of orders this great disaster was clearly due.
With this tide of defeat, the Thousand returned to
Lexington, where they arrived at nine o'clock at night in
the midst of a drenching shower, only to meet an order to
go on picket. They had marched with hardly half a day's
rations instead of the amount ordered, that being all the
quartermaster could supply, and few had eaten since morn
ing. These facts being reported, the order to go on picket
was revoked, and they were directed to bivouac in the
market-house, where coffee and an abundant supply of
bread and meat were served to them. It was midnight
when we sank to rest after our first march — a march of
twenty-eight miles in less than thirty hours — on the rough
pavement of the market-place, a foot-sore and weary mul
titude. On the morrow, the evacuation of Lexington began.
At eight o'clock we were ordered out on the Nicholasville
pike. All day long the work of destroying government
stores which had accumulated at this point went on. The
smoke of their burning hung over the city, while clouds of
dust rose from the roads to the westward leading to Ver
sailles and Frankfort, on which our wagon- trains were
already in motion. To the south and southeastward were

THE HELL -MARCH. 81
other dust-clouds, showing the course of the main body of
the enemy, who, having crossed the Kentucky river, were
advancing on Lexington, and of Heth's division, which
reached Winchester that afternoon. The day was setting
when the Thousand marched through the streets of Lexing
ton — the last regiment of the Army of Kentucky on its re
treat to Louisville, ninety-five miles away, as the crow flies,
a hundred and more by the roads we were to take. A small
battalion of cavalry waited at the outskirts of the town for
us to pass. They were to constitute the mounted rear
guard. Some time in the night they missed the way and
followed the first division of the wagon-train, which had
taken another road, leaving us on the eleventh day of our
service in the most trying of all military positions, that of
rear-guard of an army fleeing from a victorious foe. So far
as the enemy's infantry were concerned, we had one full
day's start of them. Their cavalry might, indeed, overtake
us, but if we succeeded in crossing the Kentucky river be
fore they did so, we would be secure from attack thereafter.
This river flows through a deep and precipitous gorge, mak
ing it practically impassable, save by bridge or ferry, below
a point nearly due south from Lexington. If the enemy
had crossed his main force to the right bank of the river, as
seemed probable, we had only to cross to the left bank, at
Clifton and Frankfort and destroy three or four bridges
to be safe from his pursuit for several days. If he divided
his forces and left part upon the left bank, he would
have this impassable barrier between them. This it
was not at all likely he would do. When, therefore, we
passed through Lexington and took the road to Versailles,
we supposed the plan of retreat was to cross that river, de
stroy the bridges and ferries, and make it, at least, a tem
porary line of defense. The knowledge that before another
nightfall we might be safe beyond this great defensive bar
rier buoyed us up with that strange confidence a soldier
feels when he believes that his commander has outwitted
his antagonist.

82 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
The day before, General Nelson, suffering from the
pain of his wound and the chagrin of his defeat at Rich
mond, had relinquished the command of the Army of Ken
tucky. This devolved the command of the forces about
Lexington either upon General James S. Jackson, com
manding the cavalry brigade, or General Charles Cruft, the
junior brigadier in the disastrous fight at Richmond.
Neither of these officers being professional soldiers, desired
to assume a merely temporary command at so critical a junc
ture. General Horatio G. Wright, commanding the de
partment, therefore assumed the responsibility of usurping
the constitutional powers of the President, and appointed
Capt. C. C. Gilbert, of the First regular infantry, a major-
general, and assigned him to the command of the Army of
Kentucky during General Nelson's disability. At the same
time, and in the same curious manner, Capt. William R.
Terrill, of the Fifth regular artillery, was made a brigadier-
general. It was under the command of General Gilbert, with
Generals Jackson, Cruft, and Terrill as subordinates, that
the retreat to Louisville was made. No report of this
movement is to be found in the Official Record of the War
of Rebellion, either by the officer in command or any of his
subordinates. This is especially singular when we reflect
that General Gilbert was a great stickler for regularity, and
his command must have consisted of at least eight thousand
infantry, with two regiments of cavalry and three batteries
of artillery. What accessions it received at Versailles and
Frankfort is unknown. Surely, so important a movement
of so considerable an army at so critical a time, was not of
so little importance as to be unworthy of a report. The
artillery was under the command of General Terrill. The
cavalry rear-guard was commanded by Captain Gay, who
was soon after made chief of cavalry of the Army of Ken
tucky, and then assigned to the same position in the Army
of Ohio. He was another instance of a regular army cap
tain assigned to high command without regard to the rank of
his volunteer subordinates.

THE HELL-MARCH. 83
It had not rained for many weeks save the shower of
the night before, which had hardly reached a mile west of
Lexington. The dust lay ankle deep upon the hard, hot,
limestone pike. The forces that preceded us with their
numerous wagons, had raised a cloud which hung over the
road,' shutting out even the walls and fences on either side.
The setting sun shone red and dim through the yellow mass.
Each man was weighed down with knapsack and accoutre
ments. We knew nothing of our destination, or the length
of the march before us. Had the knapsacks been burned
at the outset, many more would have reached the goal.
Men were invisible a few steps away ; near at hand, they
could only be distinguished by their voices. There were
frequent halts, but no rest. When the column ahead got
jammed up on itself, we waited until it straightened out.
Sometimes it was a minute, sometimes ten or twenty min
utes. The yellow, acrid dust settled on beard and hair,
got into the eyes and mouth, and burned the parched
throat; while the perspiration made muddy channels down
every face.
The night fell hot and murky. The dust-cloud shut
out the stars. By and by the moon rose ; the night grew
chill, but still the dust rose in choking clouds. The orders
forbade details to leave the road in search of water. Men
were sent on in advance, in hope that thsy might fill the
canteens before the wells were drained. Long before mid
night not a drop remained. In spite of orders, a few men
were sent out to search for water. It was a strange country.
The pools and streams were dry. The wells had been
exhausted by those in front. Many of the people were
compelled to haul water from a distance for domestic use.
These details returned empty-handed as the others had
done . About this time colored men came, one by one, and
offered to bring water, to carry guns or knapsacks, — any
thing, if they could only follow us. They were loaded
down with canteens and accompanied by a few men started
for water. An hour after they returned, staggering under

84 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
their loads of dripping canteens. Was ever water half so
sweet! Yet we had scarcely begun to know what
thirst is.
The march would have been a severe one to seasoned,
unencumbered veterans; to these men, yet foot-sore, galled,
and weary from their first long march, and weighted down
with knapsacks, overcoats, and blankets, in addition to
ammunition and accoutrements, it was terrible. After a
time, the men ceased to scatter to the roadside when there
came a halt. They had no strength to spare, and the road
side was almost as dusty as the pike. So they merely knelt
down in their places, bowed themselves forward to relieve
the strain on the straps that galled and cut into the shoul
der, and slept. In the moonlight they looked like heaps
of dust, or pilgrims fallen asleep at prayer. At the word,
they stumbled to their feet, sometimes awake, sometimes
asleep, and staggered on. The ambulances were soon full.
It was said, there were wagons somewhere in front in which
those who were unable to go farther might be transported.
But when a man can go no farther, such provision is of
little good. We were the rear of the column; back of us
was only our own rear-guard and the enemy.
There were several alarms during the night; firing off
at the left, then at the right, then in our rear. It was
probably marauding bands of guerrillas, who set upon our
men in search of water. Once we were stampeded. There
had been a longer halt than usual, The dusty fugitives
knelt in the road, or were stretched out beside it. There
was an uproar at the rear; the sound of galloping hoofs
upon the pike. There was a cry of "Rebs!" "Cavalry!"
Every sleeping figure sprang suddenly to life. Men ran
over each other, stumbled, sprawled headlong, then rose
and fled over the wall into an adjoining field; across that
to a bit of wood. When the pike was clear, a big, gray
mule came charging down it, frisking his tail, and making
night hideous with his discordant bray. One lieutenant,
who found himself, on waking, pinioned between two rocks.

THE HELL-MARCH. H5
had no sooner extricated himself than, impressed with the
ludicrousness of the situation, he posted himself in the
middle of the pike, and between roars of laughter began to
shout: "Fall in, One Hundred and Fifth Ohio ! " He was
cursed with a gift of mjmicry, and it may be that half-
unconsciously he imitated the tones of his superiors; but
he had no purpose to give offense, nor any idea that his
levity would disturb any one's self-complacency, until a
man who was tugging at a bridle-rein remarked that he did
not "see anything to make such a damned clamor over, "
adding, "You seem to think it funny, but we shall never
hear the last of that darned mule! "
Sure enough, we never have. At each reunion that
beast is trotted out, and now everybody laughs at our
" mule stampede." The lieutenant had to pay a sore price
for his untimely jest, but in that case, as in many another,
" he laughs best who laughs last."
The morning was already hot and lurid as the dusty
column crept through Versailles, and after an hour's halt
for breakfast, pressed on toward Frankfort. The enemy
had followed the cavalry by way of Big Spring, so that our
rear was undisturbed until we were in sight of Frankfort.
The sun was going down when we reached the capital of
Kentucky. It is but twenty -nine miles from Lexington by
the most direct route. The one by which we had come was
half a dozen more. It could hardly be termed a march; it
was a flight.
For the first time the Thousand saw at Frankfort, the
semblance of an army. The streets were full of trains.
Lines of blue-coated, dusty men found their way between
them or lay stretched upon the sidewalks. The cavalry
came scurrying in upon their jaded horses, reporting the
enemy in force only a little way out. Columns were march
ing heavily this way and that, taking positions covering
the roads from the eastward. Guns were posted on com
manding eminences. Despite the seeming confusion, there
were not lacking evidences of order. For a half-hour we

80

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND,

lay upon a gentle slope which overlooked the valley, and
watched the dispositions made for defense. We could see
the long line of wagons moving toward the bridge, and
stretching from the bridge away westward. It was evident
that there was to be no long delay at this point, and equally
evident that it was to be held until the trains had crossed
the river. Thus far, we had known almost nothing of our com
manding officers. We understood that we were in Colonel
Anderson's brigade,
and Gen. James S.
Jackson's division; but
as to what composed
either the brigade or
the division, we were
without knowledge.
Even now it is almost
impossible to ascertain
the facts. We knew
that General Jackson
was a Kentuckian, who
had been in command
of the cavalry of the
Army of Kentucky be
fore the fight at Rich
mond. Strangely
Corp. Bliss Morse, Co. D. enough, these two facts
did much to inspire confidence in him. The raw recruit has
always a most exaggerated idea of the efficiency of cavalry,
and the Confederate general, John H. Morgan, had already
made famous the Kentucky cavalry. Then, too, there was a
bewildering intricacy in southern roads to those accustomed

Bliss Morse was born November 11,1837, in LeRoy, Lake County, Ohio;
lived on his father's farm until he enlisted in Company D, of which he was
made corporal, and mustered out with the regiment in that capacity He was
in nearly all the operations of the regiment; was among tbose captured with
the forage train on January 21, 1863. in front of Murfreesborough. The writer
is indebted to him for the account given of the treatment accorded the
enlisted men on that occasion. His home is now at Breckinridge, Mo.

THE HELL-MARCH. 87
only to the parallel roads and cross-roads of the sections
and townships of the northwest. Going over the hills or
around them, with no apparent regard to direction; crossed
here and there by more or less used country roads; inter
sected everywhere with bridle-paths and private ways, the
northern soldier, until he became accustomed to it, was
sure to get lost whenever he tried to find his way anywhere
except upon the main roads that led from one important
point to another. We assumed that, being a Kentuckian.
General Jackson was able to meet the Confederate cavalry
on even terms. We were to make his acquaintance that
night, not altogether pleasantly.
As we entered the city, we found a company of fifty
or more special constables ranged on each side the street,
and having in custody a number of colored men who had
been taken, not without remonstrance, from among the
ranks of the regiments which preceded us. These men
were slaves who had taken this method to escape from
bondage. They represented to their masters, and to every
inhabitant of a slaveholding community, simply so much
money. The taking them from their masters, or aiding
them to escape, was, in the estimation of people accustomed
to the legal estate of slavery, the most infamous of crimes
— a crime so despicable, indeed, as to debase the white man
who was guilty of it, to the lowest possible level of popular
contempt. Of this fact, the men who composed the Thou
sand were only dimly conscious. Tliey knew, of course,
that it was a technical violation of law to aid a slave's es
cape; but so absolutely antipodal was the state of society
from which they came, that it was there looked upon as one
of the least blameworthy of crimes, while to willingly aid
in returning a fugitive to slavery would have exposed one to
almost universal contumely.
The policy of the government in the early days of the
war had been to return all fugitives who came into our
lines; afterwards, the return of fugitives to disloyal owners
in states in rebellion was prohibited, while in other states

88 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
the army was forbidden to interfere with the operation of
the state laws; that is, the Federal troops were to stand
neutral, neither taking the slave from his master nor com
pelling him to return. This policy developed a curious
conflict of authority. Of course, a commanding officer
could not be required to admit every one within his lines who
claimed to be in search of a fugitive, nor was he required to
presume that every colored man was a slave. Some officers
naturally construed the general orders upon the subject
freely in favor of the master, and allowed any one who
claimed to be in search of a runaway free access to their
camps. Others construed them strictly in favor of the slave,
and demanded not only the identification and location of
the slave within their lines, but also proof of ownership,
before they would allow the master to take him, except with
his own consent. In like manner, orders intended to pre
vent fugitives from seeking shelter in the camps, were con
strued to prevent the master from entering.
In every Southern State the apprehension and return
of runaway slaves to their masters was a profitable business.
Any one was authorized to arrest a colored man, traveling
without a written pass or duly authorized free papers, and
lodge him in jail. A description of him was then pubj
lished, and the owner had to pay a certain sum for his ap
prehension, the sheriff's fee for advertising, board, and
other legal charges. Knowing that many slaves would seek
to escape with the retreating army, a large force of deputies
was set to watch the columns as the army passed through
Frankfort, and arrest every colored man on the chance
of his being a runaway. Not only was this proceed
ing abhorrent to the sentiment of the northern soldiers, but
they felt especially grateful toward those who had brought
water and borne their burden during the terrible march of
the preceding night. No doubt the colonel shared this feel
ing. At any rate, the command was halted, bayonets
fixed, and with closed ranks and shouldered arms we entered
the city. A few colored men, still loaded with burdens,

THE HELL-MARCH. 80
walked between the files. The constables made a rush
here and there. The lowered guns obstructed them.
There were threats and blows; several of the men were
struck; there was a rumor that one or two of the constables
were hurt. We marched on, some of the constables fol
lowing, and were halted on the pavement in front of the
state-house. It was growing dark. Fires were lighted in
the streets, and water heated to make coffee when the ra
tions should be procured. A guard was set outside the line
of gun-stacks. One or two frightened negroes were hidden
under heaps of knapsacks and blankets, next the wall. The
constables watched across the way. There was a clatter of
hoofs, and General Jackson with some of his staff and a
few of his body-guard, halted opposite the center.
"Who commands this regiment? "
In the temporary absence of his superiors, the major
stepped forward and saluted.
" What regiment is it? "
"The One Hundred and Fifth Ohio."
"I am told your men resisted the officers, who sought
to arrest a lot of runaway niggers."
"A lot of men with clubs and pistols caused consider
able confusion by trying to break through our ranks," said
the major. "They were officers, sir," answered the General.
" Several of them were injured." His tones were loud and
angry. The men crowded up to the guard-line to hear.
The firelight shone on the guns and the bright trappings of
the general's suite.
"I understand some of tlie men were hurt, also,"
responded the major.
" Served them right; they should not have resisted the
officers of the law."
"The officers ought not to have obstructed our march,"
was the quiet reply.
"Did they have any warrants ? " piped a voice from
the sidewalk. A law student in the ranks was airing his
acquirements.

90 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
" It is not necessary — any man has a right to arrest a
runaway negro in Kentucky," replied one of the staff.
"You will put the men who assaulted the officers
under arrest, " the general commanded.
The major bowed.
One of the constables stepped forward and spoke to
the general. ' ' Could you identify him? " he asked. ' ' A slight man,
with a mustache, you say? Really, there seem to be several
such here — -looks as if they were mostly all boys, " he added,
with a smile, as he glanced up and down the firelit lines of
dusty faces. This remark was greeted by a laugh.
"What has become of the niggers — the runaways? "
inquired the general.
The major shook his head.
' ' How do you tell a runaway nigger from any other? "
asked one in the crowd.
" There is one of them now," interrupted one of the
general's attendants, pointing to the right of the regiment,
where Captain Edwards' servant, Ned, was preparing sup
per for the officers of Company A. The general spurred
his horse toward the man. A dozen voices shouted to Ned,
who turned to run.
' ' Stop, you black rascal ! " shouted the general. ' 'Who
do you belong to? " he continued, as he reined up beside
tlie trembling man, who stood, coffee-pot in hand, looking
up at his questioner.
"He is my servant, sir," said Captain Edwards, rising
from the curbstone and saluting. Edwards was the nattiest
officer in the regiment, and despite the hard march we had
been through, was as trim a soldier as one need ever hope
to see. " Your servant? Where did you get him? I know the
nigger — have seen him in Lexington. Who do you belong
to? " he repeated, addressing Ned.
The captain answered for him. " I brought him from
home; he is on the rolls as my servant."

THE HELL-MARCH. 91
" Be jabers," said one of Company A, coolly, " thin
he belongs to Uncle Sam, the same as the rist av us! "
¦' Major," said the general to that officer, who had fol
lowed him down the line, " do you know that nigger? "
"I have understood that he is Captain Edwards'
servant. "
" Did he bring him from Ohio? "
11 I don't know."
"Is he a free man? '
" I know nothing about it."
" You are all Abolition nigger-stealers, " said the gen
eral, hotly. " I know the man: you can take him."
The constable advanced toward Ned.
" I don't see," said one of the onlookers, " that it is
very much worse to steal a slave lhan to steal a free man,
and not half as likely to be profitable."
" I wonder what old Abe would say to that sort of
'contraband' business," said another; in the darkness it
was impossible to designate individuals.
These suggestions seemed to be not without weight to
the general, whose new honors could only ripen into veri
table rank by presidential approval.
"Nevermind," he said to the constable; " I may be
mistaken. Major, you will see that the man is forthcoming
when he is wanted. We can't stop to hunt up everybody's
runaway niggers, now."
He turned and galloped down the street, while Ned
proceeded with his duties. There was no braver or more
loyal soldier thau Gen. James S. Jackson. He had served
his country in the war with Mexico; was a member of the
Thirty-first Congress, and was one of the first of the Union
men of the South to spring to arms. This incident serves,
feebly enough, to show the strength of sentiment which
such men bad to combat in the performance of duty. The
country for which they gave so much, has been strangely
unappreciative of a class who sacrificed more than any other
for their devotion to it.

92 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
The incident shows how far apart in moral sentiment
were the gallant general and the troops he led — the one
lighting for the Union to save slavery, the other inspired
by hope for its destruction. It was a strange fate which
decreed that the last sight that met his eyes should be the
very " nigger-stealers '' whom he contemned, rushing for
ward into the jaws of death to execute the last order that
fell from his lips. ?
It was ten o'clock when the weary detail brought with
dragging feet the rations they had been hours in seeking.
Coffee was quickly made; a half-cooked meal was eaten,
and we sank again to slumber. At two o'clock we were
roused by whispered orders. The city was quiet save for
the careful tread of moving columns and the steady rumble
of wagons crossing the bridge on the pike beyond. Our
destination was now clear. Frankfort, lying on both sides
of the Kentucky river, offered a fairly good defensive posi
tion against the progress of an enemy upon the right bank
of the river, to which the Confederates had evidently
crossed. A very small force, by destroying the bridges,
could here delay a pursuing army for several days. If the
retreat was necessary, as it no doubt was, to leave the
bridges standing after we crossed, would be the gravest
of military crimes. But the authorities of Kentucky pro
tested against the bridges being burned. So they were left
standing until the enemy, in turn, found it necessary to
retreat. Then they were burned.
The foot-sore and exhausted soldiers were with diffi
culty roused from sleep. It is little wonder. Within four
days they had marched seventy miles; laid in line of battle
one night and marched all of another. Every foot was
blistered; every muscle was sore. Heavy with sleep they
staggered to their places in the line, the stronger aiding the
weaker ones. There were moans and curses. Some of the
stoutest of yesterday were now the faintest. Slowly we
dragged our way to our position in the retreating column
and stumbled painfully along in the darkness. With the

THE HELL -MARCH 93
dawn came the sound of firing in our rear. The enemy's
cavalry had crossed the bridge we kindly left standing for
their accommodation. A line of battle was formed upon a
range of hills that lay across the pike. The men cheeied
as they filed out of the cloud of dust, at the prospect of
being allowed to fight. As we flung ourselves upon the
ground in the line of battle, it was with the feeling that we
would rather die than retreat farther. But the enemy did
not attack. As a matter of fact, his force was insignifi
cant; but, having once underestimated his strength, our
officers had now gone to the other extreme and greatly
overrated it.
Several times during the day, this maneuver was re
peated. The march grew more and more difficult with each
hot and dusty mile. Men dropped unconscious from heat
and thirst. Water was still scarce. Every well and spring
was drained. Men crowded about them, pushing, scramb
ling, often fighting for a few muddy drops. Tormented by
heat and thirst, and almost smothered by dust, we dragged
through the long hours of that day, bivouacking at night
by the roadside, with no water save what was found after a
long search in some stagnant pools two miles away.
At one o'clock came the order to move, and we again
plodded on, halting every few minutes, the men dropping
on their faces in the dust, would be asleep almost before
the command was given. When the word came to march,
many of them would rise and stagger on, still asleep.
That day we marched until eight o'clock at night, and then
bivouacked, for the first time since leaving Lexington, in a
green field with plenty of good water. The next day, Sep
tember 5th, a little after noon, we reached the suburbs of
Louisville, where we were to remain in camp for a month.
The Thousand had been under arms continuously, on
the march, on picket or in line of battle, ever since the sun
set of August 30th, six days, less three hours. In that
time, they had marched about one hundred and forty miles,
an average of twenty-three miles for each twenty-four

94 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
hours. During this time, they had slept in line of battle
on' the night of the thirtieth, three hours; five hours in Lex
ington, the night of the thirty-first; marched all the night
of September first; halted six hours in Frankfort, the night
of the second; halted five hours the night of the third; slept
eight hours the night ofthe fourth; making in the whole
six days, only twenty-seven hours of sleep. The heat was
overwhelming; the dust suffocating; the hot lime-stone pikes
scorched the blistered feet. Water was very scarce and of
the poorest quality. Such a march would have been a
trying and terrible ordeal for the toughest veterans.
After three years of service, more than two hundred of
the survivors have testified that it was the severest work re
quired of them. At its close, hardly one-third of the reg
iment was fit for duty. Scores were permanently disabled.
The ultimate loss was greater than that sustained in any ac
tion in which the regiment afterwards participated. It is
fitly designated the "Hell-March." It was a terrible ex
perience for men who had hardly marched a mile before,
and whose service only numbered fifteen days when it was
ended. General Nelson, in the meantime, had arrived at Louis
ville, and soon after resumed command. With his custom
ary impatience, he made a great clamor over the fact that
a considerable number of men had straggled from the col
umn on this march, and been captured and paroled by the
enemy. These he denounced as cowards and malingerers,
as if their fault had been wilful, and not the natural result
of exhausted nature. That a column of eight thousand in
fantry, all of them troops of less than a month's service,
should make such a march with a loss of less than five hun
dred men, is to the credit, rather than the discredit, of the
regiments of which it was composed. The irate general,
however, demanded that the severest punishments be im
posed upon all such. Moved by this action of his superior,
no doubt, Colonel Hail, forgetful of the strain his men had
been called upon to bear, ordered that the entry, "strag-

TH M HELL-MARCH. 95
gled on the retreat from Lexington, " should be placed on
the muster-rolls against the names of all who fell out, and
that they also be deprived of six months' pay. The order
itself was a military offense hardly less grave than that
charged against its victims. Leaving out of consideration
the fact that the colonel had no power to make an order de
priving an enlisted man of pay at his own discretion, it
should be remembered that these men were condemned,
without trial, for an offense of which most of them were
not guilty. By far the greater number were undoubtedly
permitted to leave the ranks to go in search of water, by the
officers in command of the companies. Wandering about in
a strange region, faint with prolonged exertion and loss of
sleep, they sat down to rest, expecting soon to proceed upon
their quest or renew the task of overtaking the regiment.
Exhausted nature would have its way, and they did not
waken until summoned to surrender by our pursuers. In a
case which came under the writer's own notice, a man from
whose shoes blood had oozed at every step for miles, was told
hy his captain that if he left his place he would lose his po
sition as a sergeant. When he could endure no longer, he
fell out, exclaiming: "I cannot take another step!" The
rear-guard missed him in the darkness, and he was cap
tured. Probably only a small proportion of those who fell
under this sweeping and unlawful condemnation, were phy
sically able to complete this terribly exhausting march.
The order was afterward revoked through the intervention
of Governor Tod, who saw both its injustice and illegality.
Military law is of necessity, arbitrary in character, but only
the rankest despotism punishes without a hearing.

IX.
IHE SCHOOL OK "DOUBLE DUTY."
MONTH had elapsed since the long-
roll first sounded in the camp of
the Thousand — twenty-six days
after the "hell-march" ended,
0Jj and forty-one days after they
were mustered into service —
when the order came for them
;h again, this time in the golden
October weather, on that campaign which
ulted in the wasted bloodshed of the short,
,rp, and shameful battle of Perryville.
The interval had been one of absorb-
interest, especially to the little army
untrained citizen-soldiers which constituted
garrison of Louisville. The retreat from
Lexington had been contemporaneous with the defeat of
Pope in Virginia, followed swiftly by the first invasion of
Maryland, culminating in the battle of Antietam and the sur
render of Harper's Ferry. At the time, Van Dorn moved on
the rear of Grant's position in Mississippi, united his army
with that of Price, and the battles of luka and Corinth quickly
followed. These movements made it impossible to withdraw
any considerable force from the Federal armies, either in
the east or the west, to strengthen the center, with its two
imperiled bases, Cincinnati and Louisville.
• Had Kirby Smith advanced at once on Covington, there
was nothing to prevent his making a lodgment on the south
bank of the Ohio, opposite Cincinnati, by the time the
06

THE SCHOOL OF DOUBLE DUTY. 97
Thousand reached Louisville. The distance was about the
same as Gilbert's column marched, and there was no force
which need have delayed him an hour ; but he waited to
decide what he would do, to hear from Bragg, and to gather
recruits for his army in Kentucky. So the golden moment
passed. What might have been accomplished almost with
out the loss of a man, a week later became impossible.
On the day the Thousand reached Louisville, Bragg
was crossing the Cumberland river with an army of forty-
five thousand men at Gainesborough, Tennessee; Buell,
with fifty-five thousand, was at Murfreesborough, Tennes
see; Nelson, at Louisville, had seventeen thousand men of
all arms; Smith, at Lexington, had about twenty-five thou
sand, with forty pieces of artillery. In front of Covington
there were hardly five thousand men, and these seem to
have been under no responsible head, merely separate com
mands reporting to department headquarters. But weeks
were cycles then. The next day, one whose literary fame
has almost overshadowed his military renown, Gen. Lew
Wallace, was assigned to the command of the forces oppo
site Cincinnati; and on the next, General Simpson, with an
army of laborers, was ordered to complete the system of
fortifications on the neck of ground south of Covington, de
vised and begun by Gen. Ormsby M. Mitchel, nearly a year
before. Within a week the spades and rifles of the tens of
thousands of "Minute Men," who poured in from Ohio and
Indiana, had made Covington impregnable to any force the
Confederates could send against it.
Louisville was still in peril. Had Bragg advanced by
forced marches, ordering Smith, with whom he was in easy
communication, to concentrate before this city leaving
Heth to demonstrate toward Cincinnati, instead of delaying
his advance six or seven days in order to capture Munfords-
ville, he might have been in front of Louisville on the eight
eenth, at least six days ahead of Buell. The Federal forces
in that city, less than thirty thousand raw troops, could not
have held it against the assault of nearly twice their num
ber of veterans for an hour.

OS THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
This is what might have been; what the country saw
was possible, and what we, who were camped about the
city, expected would occur. What really happened was
that this host of men — who hardly knew "Right-face"
from "Shoulder arms," whose feet were blistered, bodies
worn, and spirits shattered by a retreat of incredible
celerity and hardship — were hustled into brigades and di
visions, and made veterans in the harsh but effective school
of double-duty. Into the trenches at three o'clock; stand
ing to our arms until day was well advanced; at work on
fortifications one day; on outpost duty the next; worried
by incessant alarms ; drilling every moment, when not
otherwise employed ; practically besieged, though only
confronted by a few bodies of cavalry and a light battery
or two of the enemy! Here we learned not only the duties
of the soldier, but also the equally important economies of
army life — how to cook ; how to tent ; how to sleep in the
midst of alarms ; how to stand guard ; how to serve on
picket ; how to live, in short, for to-day's duties, indiffer
ent to what the morrow might bring. We had already
formed the acquaintance of the ubiquitous and indestructi
ble " hard-tack," our first issue of which, made on the day
after our arrival at Lexington, was declared by one of the
Thousand to be ' ' the very last of a lot left over from the
war of 1812." The fact that one of them, mailed to his
friends at home by a member of the Thousand on that day,
is still in a good state of preservation, and is the recipient
of three hearty groans when exhibited at each reunion of
the survivors, would seem, at least, to give color to his
conclusion. It is hoped that before another great war shall come,
there will be instituted a system of scientific inspection of
food supplies for the army as rigid, at least, as that applied
to the steel-plates of our navy, since the knowledge of fraud
in their preparation has become public. The purchase of
food after a mere cursory inspection by an unskilled officer,
who judges only by appearance, is one of the evils of which

THE SCHOOL OF DOUBLE DUTY. 99
the American soldier may justly complain. A qualitative
analysis of one issue of hard-tack, made by one of the larg
est firms with which our government dealt at that time,
showed such quantities of pipe-clay or ground white soap-
stone, as to lead a physician, who saw the results, to de
clare that thirty days of such food was enough to endanger
the life of the strongest man. This adulteration was un
questionably one of the causes of disease of the alimentary
system in the Northern army; and it is quite possible that
this diet of alum and pipe-clay is, to a large degree, re
sponsible for the strong showing of intestinal disease
among the survivors. There is a poetic justice in the idea
of a nation being taxed for pensions to soldiers whom it
allowed to be poisoned while fighting in its defense.
However good the soldiers' rations may be, the change
from home-cooking to army-cooking, done by an open fire,
with only sheet-iron kettles and frying-pans for kitchen
outfit — with hard bread and salt pork as the chief staples
—is a serious one, involving almost as great a risk as bat
tle itself. Take, for instance, our commissary, who was
not only a scholar, but also a vegetarian, who had not
tasted animal food since his boyhood, and never thought he
would again. Necessity has small regard for theory, how
ever, and a raging appetite compelled him to eat the ra
tions he served to others. One day a friend found him
busily engaged in stowing away two pieces of hard bread
with a savory bit of pork between.
"Hello, sergeant,"' he exclaimed, "I thought you
were a vegetarian? "
"So I am," was the reply between bites. "Are we
not assured on the best authority that 'All flesh is grass '?"
It was the good fortune of the Thousand to learn
adaptedness to the new conditions during that month of
pleasant weather — the lull between the first great nrarch
and the beginning of its first campaign.
Some events occurred during this interval of peculiar
interest to the Thousand. It became part of a brigade

100 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
which was assigned to the command of Captain William R.
Terrill, of the Fifth regular artillery, then recently ap
pointed a brigadier-general of volunteers. He was a
Virginian by birth, and had at least one brother in the
Confederate service. He had been a classmate of Sheri
dan's at West Point, and is said to have been one with
whom that pugnacious cadet had a personal difficulty for
which he was soundly disciplined. Everybody seemed to
wonder at Ten-ill's being in the Federal army. A story in
explanation was afloat at that time. His father was said
to have been a zealous divine of the Old Dominion, who,
when his son left home for West Point, presented him
with a Bible and made him promise to read it every day
and never fail in his duty to the Stars and Stripes. When
Virginia seceded the good parson would have had his son
consecrate his sword to the cause of disunion; but the
young officer answered him that he could not break the
oath he had sworn at his father's request on the Bible he
had given him.
It is a pretty story, and might well be true. There
must have been something very attractive about him to
account for the warm friendship between him and Lieuten
ant C. C. Parsons, for whom he secured an assignment to
command the magnificent battery of seven twelve-pound
brass Napoleons, which he organized for service with his
brigade, the men and officers being volunteers from the
various regiments of the brigade, a large number, includ
ing Lieutenants Cumings and Osborne, from the Thousand.
Parsons was a chevalier sans j>eur et sans reproche. His
quickness of perception and fertility of resource were
destined to play a rare part at the critical moment in two
great battles; but promotion did not, in his case, keep step
with merit. After the war closed, covered with honors
and brevets, he was for some years adjutant of West
Point. After that he became a minister of the Protestant
Episcopal Church, and as rector of the church of Memphis,
Tennessee, fell a victim to the yellow fever when that

THE SCHOOL OF DOUBLE DUTY. 101
dread scourge smote the city. Between him and Terrill
there was a most tender friendship, and he, as well as all
others who were familiar with him, had the highest antici
pations of the military career that awaited the loyal young
Virginian. It may be doubted if their hopes would
have been fulfilled even had he not met his untimeljr
fate. He did not understand how to endear himself to the
volunteer — especially, perhaps one might say, the Northern
volunteer. His idea of command was somewhat too highly
colored with compulsion to at once call forth the best efforts
of an undisciplined soldiery, and he had little of that dash
which made Sheridan instantly and always a leader of men.
He commanded respect by scrupulous attention to duty,
but awakened no enthusiasm in those under his command.
Our compagnons en brigade were the One Hundred and
Twenty-third and Eightieth Illinois, and the One Hundred
and First Indiana, two of which regiments were to remain
with us to the end, while the other, the Eightieth Illinois,
was detached after six months, and was afterward widely
separated from us. With these was temporarily placed a
detachment from various Kentucky regiments under Colonel
Garrard, known as " Garrard's Detachment. "
Hardly was the brigade formed and assigned to the
division of Brigadier-General James S. Jackson, than a
grand review was ordered. Why anyone should wish to
review troops who had never had a dozen days of drill,
passes reasonable comprehension, especially in heavy
marching order. This review was a peculiarly unfortu
nate one, being anticipated with execrations and remem
bered with anathemas. The day was the hottest 16th of
September ever known even in the sultry humidity of the
Ohio valley. Tne thermometer was said to have reached
100° in the shade, but the Thousand had no thermometer
and saw no shade that day. The line of march was long;
the paved streets were glistering hot beneath the feet yet
unhealed after the "hell-march" ; the unpaved ones ankle-
deep with dust. As usual, there were numerous delays,

102 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
and then a killing pace to make up for them. Everybody
was ill-tempered; the officers because it is impossible that
men should march well and wheel with precision without
training; the men because the officers were nervous and
irritable ; all because the weather was hot, the service
onerous, and the reviewing officer — exacting, to say the
least. The net result in the division was a dozen or two
of sunstrokes and a score or two of breakdowns. The
ambulances were full before the reviewing - stand was
reached and the march back to camp one of the sorriest
sights an unsympathetic populace ever beheld.
Some curious incidents occurred in spite of these con
ditions. The colonel of the Thousand got a wigging from
the reviewing officer because the colors of his regiment
were not displayed, and when he replied that we had never
received anything of that sort, was reprimanded for not
having secured so essential an implement of war — a failure
for which he was just about as responsible as the shortest
private in the rear rank. The admonition led, however, to
a queer consequence. On the march back to camp the
bearer of the State flag of one of the regiments in advance
of us was found upon the roadside overcome with
heat, the banner trailed in the dust yet tightly held in his
unconscious grasp. The impetuous young Brigadier leaped
from his horse, seized the flag, and when the head of our
column arrived handed it to the colonel, with the remark:
1 ' Here is a stand of colors for you ; see if your regi
ment can keep them off the ground! "
The colonel called up a sergeant and gave him the
(lag ; as he did so, his eye fell upon the coat of arms on the
reverse. "But this is a State flag, general," he said, hesitat
ingly. "We are Ohio troops, not Indianians. "
' ' No matter ; keep the flag until I order it returned. "
The order never came. Some months after the colonel
returned it to those to whom it belonged. It was rarely if

THE SCHOOL OF DOUBLE DUTY. 103
ever unrolled while in the possession of the Thousand. A
few weeks afterward we carried it into battle, furled upon
its staff and covered with a black case, only its gay tassels
showing the colors inside. When we sent it back, it had
some honorable scars, received in a conflict where the regi
ment to which it belonged was not engaged. It is perhaps
the only instance that occurred during the war, of a regi
ment being in active service for six months, losing mean
while one-third its numbers, before it was given a stand of
colors, or of a regiment from one state being required to
fight under the flag of another state.
Our quartermaster, a grave man of middle age, splen
did presence, and imperturbable gravity, was ordered out
of the line to report to the reviewing officer, who asked,
with a profusion of ornamental emphasis,
|why his mules had not been "roached. "
Now, the quartermaster was a man of
consequence at home, had been sheriff
of his county, and was not yet accustomed
to being hauled up quite so smartly. He
knew a good deal about many things, but
little enough about mules. If he had
been sworn, he could not have told what
"roaching" meant. It was evidently
something that needed to be done to the
The
mule, whether cutting off his ears or
Quartermaster. ' °
trimming his tail, he did not know.
So he answered, suavely and at a venture, that there
had been a good many things to look after, and he
thought he would leave that "until the boys had got
through swapping." As there had been a good deal
of ' ' swapping, " and the teamsters of the Thousand had evi
dently not come off second best in their honest exchanges
with the keepers of Uncle Sam's corrals, this naive confes
sion proved the soft answer which not only turned away
wrath but brought a hearty burst of laughter. The
quartermaster was courteously dismissed and rode away

104 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
with a light heart, the only thing that troubled him being
that he did not yet know the meaning of the verb "roach. "
This he determined to find out. Calling his wagon master
to his side, he asked, in his own inimitably mild way:
•'Why didn't you have the mules reached before we
came out? "
"I did my best, captain, " was the apologetic answer
of the chagrined mule- whacker, " but there is only one pair
of sheepshears in the division, and I couldn't get hold of
that." "Just so," said the quartermaster, with a chuckle. He
had learned that reaching is done with sheep-shears and not
given himself away.
During this time one of the most deplorable tragedies
of the war was enacted in the city. Brigadier-General Jef
ferson C. Davis shot and killed his superior, the com
manding officer of the Army of Kentucky, Major-General
William Nelson. Nothing perhaps shows the law-abiding
character of the people from whom these great armies were
drawn so well as the fact that during a war of such length
so few personal altercations occurred between their officers.
In this case, the insult was, no doubt, a grievous one. Just
what it was it seems difficult to ascertain. Though the
matter was the subject of investigation by both civil and
military authority, no reliable account of what happened
between Gen. Nelson and his assistant is at this time
available. Knowing the vehemence of Nelson's character,
it is easy to believe that his language was not measured
by the strict rules of courtesy, and he is said to
have accompanied his words with a blow. At any rate, the
homicide which followed did not interfere with the sub
sequent career of his slayer.
How did this tragedy affect the Thousand? The death
of their late commander was announced in general orders.
They had already read it in the newspapers. They stood
decorously at parade-rest while the adjutant read the wordy

THE SCHOOL OF DOUBLE DUTY 105
recital of the dead man's honors and achievements. Then
the parade was dismissed. The officers sauntered to their
quarters. They were talking of the dead commander as
they laid aside their arms. Presently the sound of shout
ing was heard. The officers looked out of their tents.
The men were cheering and tossing up their caps in the
company streets. On the right and left, in the camps of
other regiments, the same thing was being done.
"Orderly!" cried the colonel, " What is all this noise
about? "
"The men are cheering General Jeff. C. Davis, sir,"
replied the soldier, with a salute.
"Cheering Jeff. C. Davis! Call the Officer of the
Day!" There was no need. Long before that functionary
appeared to receive instructions the clamor was over and
the men were quiet in their tents. The men of the Army
of Kentucky had expressed their opinion of its late com
mander. It did not accord with that given in general
orders; yet, perhaps, both were true, in part. The one was
a judgment on his patriotism, which none could doubt; the
other on his conduct to those subject to his power, which
may have been too severe. It should not be forgotten,
however, that those who had been longer under his com
mand loved the stern old fighter despite his harshness.
At that very moment, one of his old regiments was under
close guard across the river, lest they should break out and -
kill the man who slew him. They remembered the tender
words he had spoken as they filed past him to engage in
their first battle on the bloody field of Shiloh. These otherg
remembered only the story of his wild, unreasoning rage
as he rode among the shattered remnants of the force over
whelmed at Richmond through his own stubborn disobedi
ence, and the terrors of the "hell-march," for which he
was but half responsible. It was a brutal thing, this
exultation in the death of a brave man, besides being a
glaring military offense. There was talk of punishing the

100 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
regiments which took part in it. But it is difficult to
punish an army, especially one that is doing double duty
in presence of the enemy.
The Negro question came up again, also. In a few
days it was to be put at rest forever by that proclamation
of President Lincoln, which was the beginning of the end,
a proclamation so far-reaching and tremendous in its imr-
port that it stilled almost wholly, for a time at least, the
bickering which had filled every Federal camp on Southern
soil. The colonel was a soldier, full of soldierly ambi
tions, but he was to the core in favor of liberty. He
would not disobey orders or transgress the law; neither
would he take a step beyond them to promote the master's
interest. One claimed a colored man who had taken refuge
in the camp of the Thousand as his slave; the colonel
demanded proof of title, proof in writing, since, as a slave
could only be sold by deed, title could only be shown by
deed. The claimant, instead of complying, brought an
order from the commanding general that the Negro should
be delivered up. The colonel had, in the meantime,
learned that the colored man was really free, but, having
lost his free-papers, or had them taken from him, hadlbeen
seized and sold for being at large without them or a pass
from some white man, and declined to obey the order.
The general threatened arrest for disobedience ; the colonel
threatened to report the general to the President for con
spiring to kidnap a free man. It was a bad dilemma in
which to place one whose promotion yet lacked that most
essential ingredient — the President's nomination. So the
order of arrest never came.
There was another case:
' ' Your old master has not long to live, and it seems as
if he could not be satisfied unless he has you with him, " said
a gentleman to a young colored man he had traced to our
camp. ' ' I think you will be free when the war is over, if not
before ; but if you will come back now and take care of him,
I promise you your freedom at the e-nd of a year, anyhow. "

THE SCHOOL OF DOUBLE DUTY 107
There was a strong resemblance between the two which
suggested a nearer relation than master and slave. The
gentleman was evidently sincere, however; but as a con
tract with a slave would not be binding, he offered to give
his written pledge to the officer, whose servant the other
claimed to be, that he would do as he promised.
The officer advised the colored man to accept; the
two left the camp together, and both did as they
agreed. A similar case occurred afterward in which
the quartermaster, who was one, in those days, whom all
men trusted at sight and were never deceived, con
ducted the negotiations between a loyal master and a
slave who had sworn that he would never return to bondage
alive. There were queer experiences in an " abolition regi
ment " in a loyal slave state. No doubt, in some cases, the
letter of the law was violated in aiding slaves to escape
even from loyal owners; but in no case, within the writer's
knowledge, was any colored man incited to attempt escape
by any member of the Thousand.

X.

THE BAPTISM OP TIRE.

A D Bragg arranged for the
greater part of Smith's army
to be in position before Louis
ville on his arrival, that city
might even yet have been car
ried by assault before Buell's army could
intervene for its relief. In this way, and
in this way only, could the loss of six
days at Munfordville have been atoned.
But Bragg, having reached Bardstown,
forty miles from Louisville, on the 22d
of September, four days before the ar
rival of Buell's advance-guard, was at
tacked with the same atrophy of purpose
which had paralyzed the energy of Smith
on his arrival at Lexington. Both were frightened at the
success of their own brilliant strategy, and both were de
ceived with the hope of mustering thousands of recruits
from the people of Kentucky, to whom they addressed
at once appeals, which, read in the light of the
present, seem ludicrous enough. They assumed that
the people of Kentucky were ground to earth beneath
the heel of a cruel and barbarous invader, and only waited
an opportunity to rise en masse and fall upon their oppres
sors. As a matter of fact, while divided in sentiment, the
people of Kentucky, instead of suffering hardship, had been
enjoying a period of unprecedented prosperity. Never had
108

THE BAPTISM OF FIRE. 109
horses, cattle, mules, wheat, and corn brought such good
prices or found so quick and sure a market as during the
year and a half of Federal occupancy of the State.
Even the Confederate sympathizers did not appreciate
the strategy of Smith and Bragg at its full value ; and the
recent Confederate victories in the east had not had time
to have their full effect on the general sentiment in Ken
tucky. They needed assurance that the armies which had
appeared so suddenly at their doors would not presently
melt away as quickly as they had come. Victory alone
could have brought any considerable number of recruits to
the Confederate arms. General Bragg halted to reconnoi-
ter; to determine what the army in his rear would do; to
verify Kirby Smith's report of the state of affairs in Ken
tucky; to note the effect of the proclamation he scat
tered, even to the intrenchments about the city. Two days .
later, the head of Buell's army was at the mouth of Salt
river; two days more and his dusty veterans were marching
through the streets of Louisville. The old Army of the
Ohio was united with the new Army of Kentucky with tri
umphant shouts which told to the thin line of Confederate
cavalry on their front that all reasonable hope of conquer
ing the city was at an end. From that time the question
was not what the Confederates might achieve in Kentucky,
but with how little loss they might get out of it. No doubt,
if £, general like Grant or Sheridan had been in control of
the Federal forces, Bragg would have at once realized this
fact and begun his retreat along the line he afterwards pur
sued. But he knew the mental infirmHy of his opponent,
and counted on it to afford him abundant time to retrace
his steps or, perhaps, opportunity to win a decisive battle.
With this view, he began leisurely arrangements to
compel his opponent to meet him on a field of his, own
selection. With his right resting at Salvisa, his left at
Danville, and his center at Harrodsburg, he occupied a
position hardly twenty miles in length, one flank resting on
an impassable river and the other reaching to the rough

110 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
country known as Muldraugh's hill, a region utterly unfitted
for military operations on a large scale, covering thereby
all the roads leading into Middle and Eastern Kentucky,
along which his retreat, in case of discomfiture, must lie.
To attack this position, General Buell would have to ad
vance his left and fight at or near Salvisa, or divide his
army and expose his own communications by advancing his
right through the rough country on the Confederate left.
Knowing the peculiar caution of General Buell, Bragg con
fidently expected that he would advance his left toward
Frankfort and swing his right round toward Harrodsburg.
He did not anticipate, however, that this movement would
begin before the 10th of October. He, therefore, ordered
Smith to join him about that time at Lawrenceburg or Sal
visa with all his force, except Heth's division, which was
to be left to unite with Humphrey Marshall and continue
the demonstration against Cincinnati. This, with Steven
son's division, which was coming from Cumberland Gap,
via Danville, would give him an army of about fifty thou
sand men, all veterans, to oppose Buell's somewhat larger
army, one-third of which were new troops. Under these
circumstances, he felt so confident of at least holding his
position and, perhaps, crippling his adversary, that he did
not hesitate to predict that ' ' the great battle of the west "
would be fought at or near Salvisa.
General Bragg's forecast of his opponent's moves was
curiously at fault. Instead of hesitancy and delay, General
Buell manifested an almost unexampled vigor, and, instead
of caution, his plan of campaign was characterized by the
utmost boldness. It was based, however, on an utter mis
conception of his adversary's purpose. Arriving in Louis
ville, General Buell had found the whole country aflame
with anger at his failure to meet and drive back the army
of General Bragg. With a larger force under his command,
moving on interior lines, it was the universal belief that he
ought not to have permitted Bragg to cross the Cumberland
river into Kentucky^ that he ought to have succored Mun-

THE BAPTISM OF FIRE. Ill
fordville, and that he ought to have engaged the army of
Bragg before he had opportunity to unite with Kirby Smith.
In all this the public censure was entirely just.
An intelligent people are good strategists, and maps
are terrible enemies of military fame. General Buell found
in Louisville not only an enraged people, but also a govern
ment finally worn out with his excuses, evasions, and leth
argy. The order for his removal only waited the arrival of
General Thomas to be delivered. The prospect of being
superseded by his own subordinate seems to have inspired
him to an activity altogether unprecedented in his military
career. In four days he had reorganized his army, or rather
combined it with the Army of Kentucky, and planned a
campaign, which he avowed himself ready to embark upon
without delay; so that when General Thomas arrived, that
supersensitive soldier was able to allege this fact as a reason
for declining the proffered command.
The plan of organisation was defective in that it practi
cally removed Thomas from responsible command, making
him a mere figurehead, having the title of < 'second in com
mand, " but without authority or discretion. In Thomas'
place and in command of the strongest and most important
corps of his army, he put C. C. Gilbert, whose rank was a
matter at least of doubt. Under him were the most dis
tinguished and experienced division commanders of that
army, Sheridan, Schoepf and R. B. Mitchell — men who
would naturally resent being placed under a man whose
title to such rank was at best questionable and who had
done nothing whatever to entitle him to such preferment.
The army was composed of three corps: the First, or left,
under Maj. -Gen. A. McD. McCook ; the Second, or right,
under Maj. -Gen. Thomas L. Crittenden; and the Third, or
center, under Gen. C. C. Gilbert. Each corps was composed
of three divisions and most of the divisions of three brigades.
Three divisions were unattached to any corps. There were
three brigades of cavalry, while the artillery comprised about
two hundred guns. The whole composed an army of fifty-
eight thousand men.

112 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
Buell's purpose seems to have been to drive Bragg out
of Kentucky along the route by which he had entered, rather
than to force him to give battle or attempt his annihilation.
To effect this, he sent Dumont with fifteen thousand men and
Sill's division of McCook's corps, numbering eleven thousand
men, by the Shelby ville pike to demonstrate against Frank
fort. The Second corps under Crittenden, with whom went
Thomas, "the second in command, " as a sort of supernu
merary adviser, marched straight on Bardstown, which was
supposed to be the center of the enemy's position. McCook,
with the other two divisions of the First corps, marched as
if in support of Sill and Dumont, to Fisherville turned
there southeastward and advanced to Taylorsville, Bloom-
field and Mackville. Masked by these two columns, Buell,
with the Third corps under Gilbert, marched to Shepherds-
ville, thence diverging to the eastward, joined Crittenden at
Bardstown. The apparent purpose of this was to compel
Bragg to withdraw by Lebanon or "Hodgensville. In the
latter event, Gilbert would march directly to Elizabethtown
instead of diverging toward Bardstown.
Bragg, possessed by his own pre-notions, and attribu
ting to his opponent as full knowledge of his own position
as he himself had, was entirely misled by these dispositions.
Fully informed as to the movements of the First and Second
corps, and the advance of Sill and Dumont toward Frank
fort, he concluded that the movement of Crittenden and a
part of McCook's corps on Bardstown, was a feint intended
to occupy his attention while Buell, with the Third corps, in
connection with Sill and Dumont, advanced upon his right;
This being in accord with what he deemed the best strategy,
he determined to circumvent it by overwhelming Thomas
before he could be reinforced, and then, by a quick march
to his right, to form a junction at Salvisa with three
divisions of Kirby Smith and give battle to Buell. Had he
known of the march of the Third corps via Shepherdsville,
refused his left and fallen with his right on the flank of Sill
and Dumont, bringing the two divisions of Smith which

THE BAPTISM OF FIRE. 113
were at Frankfort across the Kentucky river to engage them
in front, he would have effectually foiled Buell's design and
compelled him to retreat to Louisville or fight under great
disadvantages. If, then, Buell had marched north by Har
rodsburg, Bragg would still have had a secure line of re
treat open to him north of the Kentucky river. This mis
conception of Buell's movement led Bragg to mass his left
wing and one division of his right at Perryville under Gen
eral Polk, with orders to attack at daylight on the 8th of
October. General Polk, better informed as to the enemy's move
ments, urged the concentration of the whole army at Har
rodsburg before making an attack, or at least that the whole
Army of Mississippi should be united for that purpose.
Bragg decided, however, to retain Wither's division to act
in connection with Kirby Smith's army under his own com
mand, against Buell's right, which he still conceived the
more important line of the Federal advance. The result
was the bloody but useless and indecisive battle of Perry
ville. The advance began at daylight on Wednesday, the first
day of October. Everything was propitious, save a scarci
ty of water in a part of the region through which the march
was made. The roads were dry and hard; the weather was
delightful; the men in the best of spirits. The gums and
maples were aflame upon the hillsides. The brown oak-
groves were gashed here and there with golden hickories.
The dogwoods showed like gleams of yellow fire under the
darker leafage. The corn was shocked or stood ripe in the
fields. Stacks of hay and oats dotted the landscape. Herds
of cattle browsed upon the stubble-lands, on which the rag
weed grew rank and brown, protecting the herbage under
neath. The oaks that lined the pikes had dropped their
polished acorns in shining circles on the hard macadam,
while the walnuts along the country roadways had covered
the little-used tracks with yellowish-green globes, which,
crushed beneath the feet of thousands, gave forth a pun-

114 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
gent odor. The woodbine and the sumac flaunted gaudy
banners in the hedgerows. Here and there, tobacco was
ripening on the hills or hung in barns from which the winds
brought the spicy fragrance of the aromatic leaf. The
hemp lay in long rows about the shallow ponds where it had
been spread to dry. Fairer skies or more delightful sur
roundings army never had upon a march.
In such a region an army of sixty thousand men shows
like an innumerable multitude. On every road, winding
through the brown fields and among the rounded hills,
were long lines of blue. The flash of polished steel caught
the eye in every direction. Long trains of white-topped
wagons shone through clouds of dust upon the pikes. The
troops marched, sometimes in column along the roads,
sometimes in line through the fields. Flags waved in the
mellow sunlight. Generals with their body-guards, richly
(light, rode here and there. Horsemen abounded, aides and
orderlies, and messengers ; cavalry in squads and squadrons,
going everywhere without apparent purpose. What life
their presence gave to the scene ! That they were the eyes
and ears of the army none could doubt, though they are
sometimes myopic eyes and queerly placed ears. The in
fantry, with that spirit of banter that always prevails be
tween the different arms, insisted that the restless riders
were quick to hear what happened at the front and anxious
to see what was going on in the rear. The artillery trundled
steadily along the roads. The sound of drum, and fife, and
bugle mingled with the rumble of wheels and the braying of
mules. Now and then, the roar of a cannon or a ripple of
musketry served to remind us that the light troops of the
enemy were keeping touch of our front and watching care
fully our advance.
The Thousand was part of the Tenth division of the
First corps, consisting of two small brigades, the Thirty-
third and the Thirty- fourth, the former commanded by Brig. -
Gen. William R. Terrill; the latter by Col. George Webster.
With the former was Parsons' battery ; with the latter the

THE BAPTISM OF FIRE 1 15
Nineteenth Indiana Battery. We marched east to Fisher-
ville, and thence to Taylorsville, which we reached upon
the afternoon of the fourth. On the fifth, which was Sun
day, we lay in camp, and on Monday marched to Bloom-
field, going on to Mackville on Tuesday through a very
rough country. Our five days' rations were exhausted on
Sunday. On Monday and Tuesday we subsisted on parched
corn, with a small supply of bacon seized by the quarter
master at a plantation which we passed. Water was very
scarce and very bad. There was some heavy firing to our
right toward evening, and we were ordered to prepare for
battle on the morrow. Only a few of the canteens were
filled that night.
General Buell, failing to encounter the enemy at Bards
town, as he had expected, had abandoned his previous hy
pothesis of Bragg's movements, and concluded that he
would offer battle at Danville. He accordingly pushed
Thomas, with Crittenden, toward Lebanon and advanced
Gilbert to Springfield and McCook to Mackville. On the
seventh he advanced Gilbert on the Springfield pike to with
in three miles of Perryville, meeting sharp resistance,
which led him to believe the enemy would offer battle at
that place. Ordering the right and left to close on the cen
ter, he prepared to attack the next morning.
This order was received by General McDowell at half
past two on the morning of October 8th. It directed him
to march at three o'clock. This was manifestly impossible,
but his corps was under arms at daylight, and about six
o'clock the Tenth division moved along the old Mackville
pike toward Perryville, nine miles distant, marching slowly
and with frequent halts; over a difficult road. The day was
very warm. About eleven o'clock we halted in column by
division on the right of the pike, a half mile in the rear of
the Russell House, on the battle-field of Perryville. Two
brigades of Rousseau's division of the First corps were in
the lead that day, the Tenth division having cut off the other
— Starkweather's — it was in the rear. Our battery came up

Ill) THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
and halted near us on the left of the pike. Rousseau's ad
vance brigades were posted in line of battle to the left of
the Mackville pike, where it crossed Doctor's Fork, a tribu
tary of Chaplin river. This point is a mile and a half west
of Perryville, and the line of battle extended due north
along a wooded slope which fell away to the eastward. To
the left of this line, some four hundred yards, McCook or
dered a battery to be placed on a knoll in an open field,
fronting northward. This was the position our battery was
destined to occupy. Before it was ordered forward there
was some firing on our right front.
At length the order came for the battery to go to
the front. How we envied the eager comrades as they
swung themselves into their saddles and dashed forward
at a sharp trot ! The sun was hot and the horses' flanks
were covered with sweat from the day's march, but they
were in fine fettle, and one did not wonder at the flush
of pride on the gallant Parsons' face as the guns filed
past him and took their way along a narrow country road
toward the left front. The fire of battle was in his eye and
one guessed that the trot the bugle sounded was less because
of any emergency in the order he had received than of his
own impatience for the fray. It was then about one o'clock
and there was in the air that curious feeling which assures
even the dullest mind that a conflict is surely impending.
Probably there were but two men in the whole army who
doubted that an engagement would occur within the hour:
General Buell, who irritated by the fact that the first corps
had not arrived at the time he had named, had declared it to
be too late to fight a battle that day, and retired to his
quarters two miles in the rear, and the commander of the
Third corps, who was already striving to prevent his di
vision commanders from engaging the enemy. Upon the
extreme right, Crittenden was ordered to advance very cau
tiously and put himself in touch with Gilbert's right, ready
to attack the next day.

THE BAPTISM OF FIRE. 117
It takes two to arrange a battle, as well as to make a
bargain, however, and Bragg, who had arrived upon the
field about the same time with McCook, had given his voice
for a fight that day. The enemy's dispositions had already
been made for an attack upon Gilbert's left flank, about
where the Mackville pike crosses Doctor's Fork. The post
ing of Rousseau's two brigades to the north of the point
selected for the main attack, created an impression that
McCook was endeavoring to turn their flank, and Maney
was hurried to the extreme right. Donelson was ordered to
move in that direction as he advanced, unmasking Stewart ;
while Wharton's cavalry was pushed across Chaplin river to
demonstrate on the rear of the Federal army. It was the
appearance of this cavalry which induced McCook to refuse
his left, and order Parsons to a position commanding their
movements. He anticipated an attack upon his train, which
was yet strung out on the Mackville pike at the mercy of
any force which should pass our left.
These counter movements had been going on ever
since the head of McCook's column arrived upon the field.
Almost at the same moment when Parsons' battery reached
its position and opened on the Confederate cavalry on the
north, Maney's brigade, one of the most noted in the Con
federate service, having surmounted the almost percipitous
banks of Doctor's fork, appeared in line of battle on the
crest of a wooded ridge, hardly two hundred yards from
the left of the battery. Advancing to the edge of the
wood, they opened a deadly fire. Previous to this, the One
Hundred and Twenty-third and Eightieth Illinois, with Gar
rard's detachment, had been ordered forward and came into
position on the left of Rousseau's line, angling back in rear
of the battery. The guns were quickly shifted to bear upon
the enemy thus unexpectedly appearing within easy rifle
range ; the One Hundred and Twenty-third Illinois was
ordered to charge, and the fight was on, hot and furious.
The other regiments of the brigade had already disap
peared from view when the order came for the Thousand to

11 8 THE S TOR Y OF A THO USA ND.
move forward. About the same time, the other brigade of
our division, with Harris' battery, the Nineteenth Indiana,
were ordered to the right front of the corps. So the line of
battle of the First corps consisted of one brigade of the
Tenth division on the right, then two brigades of the Third
division, then, the other brigade of the Tenth division, ex
cept the Thousand not yet in line, refused so as to front
northeast; and then, with a wide interval, the other brigade
of the Third division, in our left rear, on eminences on
either side of Wilson's Creek, the bed of which was then
only a mass of dusty shale. The formation has been praised
as a wise one, especially that of Starkweather's brigade.
This was selected by Starkweather himself without knowl
edge of the country in his front. Had he posted his men
along the country road which ran nearly east and west a
quarter of a mile in his front, his left resting on the Perry
ville road, its thick stone walls would have constituted an
impregnable rampart from which he could not have been
dislodged. This road ran hardly two hundred yards west
of Parsons' position and was the natural cover for the bat
tery's support. How it managed to escape McCook's and
Jackson's notice it is impossible to conceive, except upon
the hypothesis that they were expecting an attack from the
north and not from the east.
We followed along the same country road by which the
right of our brigade had advanced, marching with a quick
step. Thirst and fatigue were forgotten. The Thousand
had on its report that morning six hundred and forty -five
names. The detachment of one hundred skirmishers and
three men from each company sent out in search of water,
together with the ordinary details, left its actual number
scarcely five hundred.
On we went, down a slight declivity, up over a crest
into the woods beyond. The firing grew heavier; the rattle
of musketry mingling with the roar of cannon. We stood
at rest a few moments, listening to the unaccustomed din.
The woods hid everything except the puffs of smoke on a

THE BAPTISM OF FIRE. 119
crest away to our left where a battery of the enemy was
posted. Occasionally we saw a shell burst in the air.
We. crossed a field, following the ruts the battery had
left; entered a lane; went up a slope on the other side of
which was a scattering wood. An aide met us, shouting a
frenzied demand for haste.
"Double-quick!"
We dashed along the crest, down the other side, past a
corn-field on our left, along a narrow lane, and through a
gate into an open-wooded glade. We had come near half a
mile on the double-quick. The men were panting.
"Halt!"
On a little knoll to our right front, the battery was
firing with frenzied rapidity. The shells from the enemy's
battery flew over our heads and cut the limbs of the trees
by which we stood, sending down a shower of acorns. Bul
lets pattered about us. We could see the artillerymen dash
ing back and forth as the smoke lifted from the guns. Men
were coming back from the hell which the crest hid from
our view, some wounded, some stragglers. Somebody sug
gested that the guns were empty, and the order to load was
given in some of the companies. Our division and brigade
generals were standing, unmounted, just in the rear of the
battery. Both had accompanied it to the position assigned
and remained to watch its action; General Terrill leaving
the duty of posting his brigade to his staff officers. He was
by training, almost by instinct, an artilleryman, and his
battery's action eclipsed in interest the maneuvering of his
brigade. When Maney's brigade appeared in line of battle
in the woods upon its right, as it stood facing northward,
advancing with a steady fire until they reached the fence a
hundred yards away, its peril absorbed his whole atten
tion. Ordering Colonel Monroe of the One Hundred and
Twenty -third Illinois, to charge the enemy's line, he
remained beside the battery, directing and encouraging the
men in its operation.

120 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
When the Thousand came up, the right of the brigade
had fallen back, and the enemy, checked by the hot fire
which greeted them, had halted in the edge of the wood
along the fence below. The battery stood alone upon the
crest of the hill, half its guns silenced, its men and horses
being cut down by the fire of the enemy. It was said the
order to withdraw the battery had been given. Even then it
was too late. A mounted aide pointed out our position and
rode beside our adjutant at the head of the column as we ad
vanced. A caisson, the horses of which had become un
manageable, dashed through our line to the rear.
"Forward!" The colonel's voice rang like a clarion
above the din of conflict. He sat upon his horse as we filed
past and uttered a word of cheer to each company. His hat
was pushed back from his forehead and showed the scar re
ceived at Shiloh glowing red upon his smooth, white fore
head. Few who saw him then will ever forget his calm and
masterful presence.
The head of the column passed through a gap in the
fence that ran along the edge of the wood, filed to the left,
and passing twenty yards in rear of the battery, marched
on until the right companies were beyond the shelter of
the little knoll on which it stood. Our path was strewn
with dead and dying men and horses.
'Front!"
The command brought us facing to the rear while the
bullets were whistling by us like hail, and men were falling
in the ranks of the three, right companies. The others were
a little sheltered by the crest of the hill on which the bat
tery stood. "About face — forward — guide center!"
In the center were the colors of the One Hundred and
First Indiana, closewrapped in their black case, but as
stoutly advanced as if they had been our own. The regi
ment to which they belonged was not in the fight, having
been sent as guard with the division train to obtain supplies.

THE BAPTISM OF FIRE. 121
We faced by the rear rank; advanced in line to the crest of
the hill in the teeth of the leaden storm that swept it. There
we first saw the enemy, two lines of gray in the edge of the
brown woods scarce ninety yards away. Puffs of smoke and
jets of flame shot out from the undergrowth and along the
fence. "Halt! Commence firing!"
Our left companies, the right of our line as we stood
faced to the rear, overlapped the battery. General Jackson
fell just as we advanced. Some of our men fell to the rear to
pass the group that knelt about him.
The left was refused, because' of the
overlapping of the enemy's line and
the' conformation- of the ground.
Those whose guns were loaded fired ;
the others made haste to load. Men
fell, sometimes with a groan, some
times without a sound. It was slow
work loading and firing with the old
muzzle-loaders. The air seemed full
of flashing ramrods. One and an-
Lieut. H. H. Cumings, other staggered wounded to the rear.
^ '' The line-officers went back and forth
encouraging, directing. We stood alone, a thin line of blue,
in the open field. The enemy were mostly under cover . On
our right the nearest force was along the wooded ridge to which
the rest of our brigade had retired. To the rear, near half
a mile, was Starkweather with his veterans. Then we first
heard the rebel yell we were to hear so often afterwards.
The gray line burst from the wood and rushed up the slope.
"Forward!" cried Terrill. "Do not let them get
the guns!" His face was flushed with agony at the thought of
losing the battery of which he was so proud.

122

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

THE BAPTISM OF FIRE. 123
"Charge!" commanded the major, whose horse having
been shot, was on foot with the left companies. There was
a clang of bayonets. The left companies surged forward to
the front of the battery. Cumings, of ours, fired the two
right guns, double-shotted with canister, full in the faces of
the enemy, then almost at the muzzles of the pieces, and
with his few remaining men dashed through our ranks to
the rear under cover of the smoke. We would have cheered
them. but were too busy with our own work to give more than
a flash of the eye to their gallantry. When it lifted, the
enemy had faltered, half-way down the slope. Our fire was
too hot for them to stand. They fell slowly back and began
firing- again.
Seeing the uselessness of the unequal conflict, Terrill
gave the order to retire to a, fence which ran along the edge
of a wood in our rear. It was done with reasonable steadi
ness, considering the fact that we left one-fourth of our
number dead to mark the line we had held. We rallied at
the fence, and when the enemy showed above the crest of
the hill, renewed the fight. Just here our adjutant, who
rode a chunky, serviceable but not showy stallion, having
tarried to see that all the men got the order to retire, found
himself face to face with the Confederate line. Turn
ing, he charged down the little slope to the fence,
not stopping to hunt any of the numerous gaps. Indeed
his head was down and the bullets buzzing like bees about
his ears, so that he had eyes or ears for nothing else. The
stallion charged manfully to the fence, but had been too
well taught to break bounds. The adjutant himself, was
no fence-jumping cavalier, but one glance behind showed
him that something must be done. With a lift on the reins
he plunged the spurs into the sides of the old bay, who
rose to the occasion and would have bolted to the rear, if
one of the men had not hooked on to his rein. Thereupon,
the adjutant dismounted, being then the only mounted officer
left with us the brigadier being on foot and his staff
either dismounted or on duty elsewhere. Putting up a

124 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
wounded man in his place, with another clinging to the
stirrup, the adjutant sent his .fiery steed to the rear and
took orders indifferently thereafter, from Gen. Terrill and
Col. Hall, both likewise dismounted.
The three right companies, not hearing the order to
retire, were cut off, but under command of the gallant
Edwards, the senior captain, now thrice wounded, fell back
farther to the left, and rallied behind the stone fence that
marked the roadway. The left and center, now mere shat
tered fragments, retired under the command of General
Terrill, by whose side marched our colonel. After the belt
of woods was passed, we entered a corn-field; the enemy
followed sharply and their bullets cut stalk and leaf and
rattled the kernels from the drooping ears beside us, every
now and then claiming a victim. Here Terrill ordered a
march by the flank to unmask Starkweather's regiments
which lay upon the crest of the hill above us. Some did
not hear the order and were still facing the enemy when a
magnificent volley-fire by companies, rang out in our rear,
while Stone's and Bush's batteries opened on the pursuing
enemy. As we flung ourselves upon our faces and crept
around the flank out of this maelstrom of fire, we could but
exult in the skill of our comrades whose level volleys cut
the serried stalks in their front like a sickle of flame.
Two hundred yards back of Starkweather's right, we
formed a new line under the personal direction of General
Terrill. Here we began to compare notes and try to
determine the fate of our comrades. The three right com
panies were almost wholly missing. Where were they?
After a time they found their way to us, having been cut
off in falling back. Where was the rest of the brigade?
General Terrill thought it had been wholly dissipated. His
attention had been so taken up by the battery, that he
had quite lost track of the regimeats which had swung
back before the Thousand1 came upon the field and he had
been so absorbed in the working of the guns that he had
little idea of the severity of the attack. He did not

THE BAPTISM OF FIRE.

125

realize we had held our position until every third
man had been killed or wounded. He was very much
depressed, thinking not of what his men had done, but

Adjt. A. M. Robbins.

Ambrose Mason Robbins was born in Niles, Ohio, June 27, 1837, gradu
ated at Allegany College, Meadville, Pa., June 28, 1858; enlisted as private in
Company B 19th Ohio Volunteers, April, 1861. After the expiration of the
three months' service was admitted to the bar of Ohio, at Warren, Trumbull
County, In July, 1861; appointed 1st lieutenant and adjutant -105th O. V. I.,
August 1, 1862; served, with regiment until March 28, 1863, when he resigned
on account of disability; was appointed Chief Clerk and Deputy Marshal
19th Congressional District of Ohio, on the adoption of the Conscription Act.
in the fall of 1863, and served as such until November, 1865. He was in the
dry goods business from 1866 until 1873, and since that time has been in the
iron business. Since 1885, he has resided in Cleveland, Ohio. He is a member
of the Loyal Legion. Ohio Oommandery.

120 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
of what he had failed to accomplish and of the stain he
feared would fall upon his honor as a soldier.
At our right, the magnificent diapason of battle rose
and fell. The bullets flew over us, and now and then a
shell went shrieking by. In our front the enemy was
repulsed again and again. Many of our men crept for
ward, and taking their places in the line on the crest above,
joined in the fire upon the enemy. Some of the line-offi
cers borrowing the rifles and cartridges of their dead com
rades, did likewise. Our number grew constantly as those
who had been scattered found their way to our new posi
tion. As the day drew to its close, the young brigadier
began to hope that his command had not been so completely
shattered as he had feared. One and another reported having
seen large numbers of the other regiments fighting with
Rousseau in the woods at our right. Then we heard that
our lieutenant colonel, Tolles, had come up with his skirm
ishers and joined the Eightieth Illinois, in position some
where toward the right. With reviving spirits Gen. Terrill's
interest in the conflict which raged about him again awoke.
Drawn as it seemed by an irresistible magnetism, he walked
toward the battery now hotly engaged upon the opposite hill
three hundred yards away. As he climbed the slope toward
it, he was struck by a shell, and died almost before a friend
could reach his side.
The battle was over for the Thousand. Its division
and brigade commanders had been stricken almost in its
ranks. Its colonel now commanded the brigade ; to-morfow
he would command the division, being the senior officer left
alive in it. Yet it was but forty-eight days since he was
mustered as colonel. As the sun went down, we watched the
flashes in the wood where Sheridan was driving back the
victorious enemy, and witnessed the last terrible onset when
the enemy's line, pushing Rousseau's exhausted regiments
back, fell on the fresh line of Gooding again and again, but
failed to drive him from the position he held. When Stark
weather retired we formed with his troops on the new line. It

THE BAPTISM OF FIRE. 127
was a mile back of the line we held when the battle began.
The whole left wing had been driven in, so that our front was
now near the point where we had halted in column on our
arrival on the field. More than eight thousand men, friends
and foes, lay dead and wounded on the ground which had been
so stubbornly contested. The Thousand little knew how hot
a conflict they had shared, or how honorable a part they had
borne in it. General Bragg, with the echoes of Shiloh fresh
in his memory, said : "For the time engaged, it was the
severest and most desperately contested engagement within
my knowledge. " And General McCook declared it to be
' 'the bloodiest battle of modern times for the numbers en
gaged on our side. " Of less than 13, 000 troopsof the First
corps engaged, 3,299 — more than one-fourth — were killed,
wounded, or missing. Of the whole army less than half
had been engaged. The moon rose and lighted up a veil of
silvery mist that hung over the field of strife. Out of it
came the moans of the wounded. Campfires shone through
it, here and there, and watchful pickets sent a challenging
shot into it now and then. Through it came the steady rum
ble of wheels and hoarse tones of command. We
thought the enemy were preparing to renew the at
tack instead of "fleeing to avoid ours. All night anxious
groups went up and down our lines seeking their
own commands or inquiring for friends who would never
again report for duty. Long past midnight the detail sent
out for water returned with full canteens. It was the first
water we had tasted since the fight began.
Would we fight upon the morrow or not? We waited
anxiously for the day to break, for the sun to rise. The
enemy did not attack. We received no orders. Then by
twos and threes our men began to sally forth in search of
lost comrades. The enemy had departed. On the stony
pikes three miles away could be heard the steady roar of
their swiftly-driven trains. Three days afterwards, we
started in slow and cautious pursuit. In three days more,
we had found their rear guard. They were safe across Dick

128

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

river, whose precipitous banks forbade pursuit. Such was
General Buell's view. Bragg and Smith retreated unhind
ered through Cumberland Gap; their army was shipped by
rail to Murfreesborough, and before Buell had recalled his
scattered forces Bragg was threatening Nashville. He had
driven the Federals out of Middle Tennessee, captured 25, 000
prisoners, 81 cannon, 27,000 small arms, 1,200 wagons;
killed and wounded 7, 000 Federals, and gotten off scot-free
with a larger army,
better provisioned
and equipped than
when he marched
out of Sequatchie
valley on the 29 th
of August. He had
done this in the
face of a superior
force of the enemy
and with every ad
vantage of position
in their favor. To
compensate for its
lost opportunities,
the Army of Ohio
had a new name
and a new com
mander. The battle is
one thing: its history another. History says truly that
the battle of Perryville was a Confederate victory.
An army of twenty-five thousand fell upon one of

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Capt. L. Dwight Kee.
L. Dwight Kee was a teacher of wide repute in the southern part of
Ashtabula County where the 105th Ohio was mustered into service, and he
was commissioned captain of Company I. He was a man of distinguished
presence, high character and quickly mastered his duties. He was shot
through the head at the battle of Perryville, Ky., forty-eight days after the
regiment enlisted. He was greatly beloved by his men and universally
respected by the officers of the regiment. It is a matter of regret that no
fuller details of his life have been furnished for these pages.
THE BAPTISM OF FIRE. 129
fifty thousand; drove in every part of the line it attacked ;
killed and wounded more than four thousand men; captured
eleven guns and five hundred prisoners, and so paralyzed its
enemy that when it fell back he dare not pursue until three
days had intervened and there was no longer any danger of
renewal of the conflict. To the Federals, it was not a very
important engagement: they merely lost four thousand men
and gained nothing. To the Confederates it was one of the
most brilliant victories their arms achieved; the men they
lost were simply the price paid to dislodge the enemy from
the line of the Tennessee. It was not only a decisive victory
but an exceeding small price to pay for the advantage
gained. How did it happen to be so cheaply won?
There are two answers : the one that which history gives ;
the other that of common sense. History says it was a Con
federate victory because "the raw troops upon the left broke
and fled in confusion at the first fire." More than a score
of reputable historians who have treated this campaign make
substantially this statement. In this case history is not only
false, but most absurdly and ridiculously false. There were
only two brigades of raw troops in the left wing of the army
at Perryville. These composed the Tenth division. Their
whole number was 5, 557. The one was on the extreme right
of McCook's line, the other on its extreme left.
It is simply impossible that the failure on the part of
two small, isolated brigades to hold their respective
positions should have enabled twenty-five thousand Con
federates to overpower fifty thousand Federals, or have
prevented thirty thousand fresh troops from pursuing and
destroying an army which twenty thousand had repulsed
with great loss, after a fight of unusual severity.
How did such a mistake occur? General Buell's re
port* of the battle declared that ' ' the suddenness and
strength of the attack and the loss of two of their gallant
leaders, Jackson and Terrill, caused some of the new troops
of the Tenth division to fall into disorder, and threw the
weight of the battle on the Third division. "

130 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
It is probable that this statement was largely based
on the language of the young staff officer who reported the
part taken by the Thirty-third brigade in that day's fight.
Of course, General Buell did not speak of his own knowl
edge, for he knew nothing of the fight until it was nearly
over, and then did not deem it necessary to come upon the
field. Speaking of the Thousand in its first position this
staff officer says:* " In spite of the efforts of the officers,
most of the men broke and fell back in great confusion."
¦Speaking of the same regiment and some of the One Hun
dred and Twenty-third Illinois, in our second position, he
says: "Here the conduct of some of the officers was dis
graceful." Lest there should be any mistake in regard to
what regiments he includes in his condemnation, he adds
immediately: "The Eightieth Illinois and Garrard's deta h-
ment behaved well." These serious imputations which
have thus crystallized into history, compel a plain state
ment of the conditions affecting the conduct of these bri
gades, and especially of the two regiments thus officially
denounced. These brigades — the Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth —
were posted on the extreme left and right of the First
corps, about a mile apart. Gen. James S. Jackson, the
division commander, remained with the Thirty-third bri
gade. They were all new troops, but that does not excuse
them from any obligation to be good troops and brave men.
If they were not such they deserve condemnation; if they
were, those who set this ball of obloquy in motion deserve
to bear the shame of traducing brave men under cover of
fortuitous rank.
The fact that one of these brigades lost nineteen per
cent, and the other twenty-two per cent, of their entire
strength that day establishes, at least, a strong presumption
that General Buell was in error in ascribing to them the
misfortunes of his army, more than half of which was
not used at all. The fact that every brigade along the
front of the First corps was forced from its position and

THE BAPTISM OF FIRE. 131
driven back nearly a mile, makes the selection of
these new brigades for invidious rebuke, at least ungen
erous. Of course, not as much is to be expected of
troops that have been in service less than three months as
of veterans, and if they did anything like as good service
in so hot a fight, they were entitled to praise rather than
censure. Now, the plain truth is that these two brigades
lost more men than the whole Third corps, and each of them
more than the entire divisions of Sheridan and Mitchel,
respectively, which have always been deservedly applauded
for their magnificent conduct on this field.
Let us go a step farther. In the nine brigades which
were actively engaged that day, there were forty-three regi
ments. Of these, at least thirty were veteran organizations.
All alike were driven from their positions, except those of
the Third corps, who came in after the First corps had been
repulsed. Of these forty-three regiments, there were five
which lost more than two hundred men each: the Tenth
Ohio, 229; the Ninety-eighth Ohio, 229; the Seventy-fifth
Illinois, 225; the Seventy-ninth Pennsylvania, 216; the
First Wisconsin, 204; the One Hundred and Fifth Ohio,
203. The four regiments whose losses were next highest
were the Twenty-first Wisconsin, 197; the Fifteenth Ken
tucky, 196; the Third Ohio, 190; the One Hundred and
Twenty-third Illinois, 189. Three of these regiments — the
Ninety-eighth Ohio, the One Hundred and Fifth Ohio, and
the One Hundred and Twenty-third Illinois — belonged to the
contemned " new troops of the Tenth division." It is not
possible that troops who had been in service less than
sixty days deserved to be singled out for opprobrium after
such losses.
The staff officer referred to above, the acting adjutant
general of the Thirty-third brigade, especially stigmatizes the
One Hundred and Twenty-third Illinois and the One Hun
dred and Fifth Ohio, and particularly commends the two
other organizations in the Twenty-third brigade. The
simple truth is that these two regiments, constituting but

132 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
sixty per cent, of the strength of the brigade, sustained
seventy-eight per cent, of its entire loss in killed and eighty
per cent, of its loss in wounded. The One Hundred and
Twenty-third Illinois lost almost twenty-six per cent, of its
reported strength, and the One Hundred and Fifth Ohio
thirty-two per cent, of its reported strength, or thirty-eight
per cent, of the number actually engaged. The Eightieth
Illinois lost only eleven per cent, of its strength; Garrard's
detachment lost none killed, and but six wounded. This
is not said to contravene the statement that these latter or
ganizations ' 'behaved well, " but only to show that the stress
of battle fell less heavily upon them, making good behavior
a much easier matter.
The brigade has been blamed for permitting its battery
to be captured. It is said, that the men of the battery
deserted Lieutenant Parsons while he was trying to bring
one of the guns to bear on the enemy. It may be true; but
it must be remembered that those men had only had their
horses two weeks and their guns only ten days. They had
never fired a shotted gun, and hardly a hundred blank car
tridges until that day. So fierce was the attack that there
was only time to change direction of part of the guns, the
others remaining as at first posted, trained to the northward.
Yet they stood by their guns until they lost almost forty per
cent . of the whole number engaged. It will not do to asperse
the manhood of such men. The simple truth is that tbe
loss of the battery and whatever confusion occurred in the
regiments blamed for such loss, were the plain and evident
results of unaccountable negligence in assigning it an unten
able position and of grave mismanagement of the infantry
which this initial error occasioned.
The battery was posted on the extreme left of a line
facing eastward, with its guns pointing to the north. The
enemy had already attacked the front of the line near where
the right of our corps rested on Doctor's Fork. This fact
should have put Generals Jackson and Terrill on the alert in
expectation of an attack from that direction. Ninety

THE BAPTISM OF FIRE. 133
yards east of the battery's position began a heavy wooded
slope. No skirmishers were thrown forward, nor was any
examination made of this wood. Just beyond the crest,
at that very moment, lay one of the most noted brigades of
the Confederate army. They had only to climb the
slope on the other side; deploy into line under cover of
the wood and advance to the edge of the wood,
along which ran a high rail-fence, to make the bat
tery's position wholly untenable. No sooner did they
open fire and the peril of the battery become apparent
to General Terrill, than he ordered the One Hundred
and Twenty-third Illinois, which had just been rushed
into position at the double, rear rank in front, to charge
the enemy's line. Such an order was justifiable only to
gain time to withdraw the battery or for the arrival of
expected succor. As an attempt to carry the enemy's posi
tion, or repel their attack, it was simple madness.
The front already developed by their fire was more
than double that of the assailing force. They were
under cover in a thick wood with a high rail-fence
along its edge. The perfectness of their cover may
be judged from the fact that one of the Thousand said
to the writer: "I can see nothing to shoot at but the smoke
of their guns. Shall I aim at that?" Against such a posi
tion, held by more than double their number, the One
Hundred and Twenty-third was thrown across an open field.
That they should be repulsed was inevitable; that there
should be confusion was natural. No troops ever fell back
after such repulse, under a withering fire, leaving one-fourth
their number behind, without confusion. Instead of sneers
and blame, they had bravely earned encomium.
On the repulse of the One Hundred and Twenty-third
Illinois, the One Hundred and Fifth Ohio was rushed in like
manner, rear rank in front, to the extreme left of the new
line, advanced into the open field, and assigned the hopeless
task of repelling a greatly superior force posted under cover.
It is more than probable, considering what was actually ac-

134 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
complished by the Thirty-third brigade that day, that, if
they had been posted under cover along the fence at the
edge of the wood thirty or forty yards in the rear of the
battery and there allowed to await the enemy's attack, in
stead of being pushed into the open in detail, rear rank in
front, the enemy would have been unable to dislodge them.
As new troops, unaccustomed to tactical maneuvers, com
mon sense demanded that they should be so handled as to
avoid confusion therefrom as much as possible.
The fear of losing his battery evidently blinded Gener
al Terrill to all other considerations. Instead of posting the
infantry of his brigade in such position as to prevent the
enemy from securing the fruits of their surprise, he thought
only of regaining the guns already lost by neglect of ordi
nary care in posting them. Skilled soldier as he was, he
did not show on the one field of battle where he held high
command, that power of instant adaptation which is
essential to success.
This is not said in blame. Truer or braver men than
General Jackson and General Terrill never lived; and they
had no more sincere mourners than the officers and men of
the Thousand. They were the victims of a strange over
sight, whether their own or another's cannot now be deter
mined. General Jackson fell before there was time to do
anything towards remedying this mistake. The peril was
instant and overwhelming. He met it like a man and gave
his life to redeem the error. The same is true of General
Terrill. No man in his command could have any desire to
cast blame upon him ; all most willingly shared his misfort
unes. All that is desired is to call attention to the fact
that "the new troops of the Tenth division" should not be
blamed for the mishaps made inevitable by the failure to
reconnoiter the position of the guns.
But there is another witness who ought in justice to be
called to testify of the conduct of the Thirty-third brigade
that day — the enemy.
Maney's brigade, of Cheatham's division of the Con
federate army of Mississippi,! which was in our front was

THE BAPTISM OF FIRE. 135
composed of the Forty-first Georgia, the First, Sixth, Ninth,
and Twenty-seventh Tennessee. It had no need for a
scapegoat, and no prejudice against new troops. It was
already famous as a fighting brigade and maintained that
reputation to the end of the war. Its loss that day was
one-third greater than any other brigade on the Confeder
ate side. Until they passed the strip of woods in rear of
the knoll on which Parsons' battery stood, not a single
shot was fired at them except from the guns of that battery
and the rifles of the Thirty-third brigade. The commander
of every regiment in that brigade made a full report of its
part in the fight. What is their testimony ? Major John
D. Knight, of the Forty-first Georgia, speaks of our fire as
"most terrific and deadly. Just at this place, " he says,
speaking of their position in our front, "our regiment sus
tained half, if not two-thirds, their entire loss during the
battle." That loss was one hundred and fifty-one, in
cluding six color-bearers. The first Tennessee was "in the
rear of the left of the brigade," and so lost "only three or
four at this point." Colonel Porter, commanding the Sixth
Tennessee, reports: " It was here, at the fence and be
tween it and the point where the battery was in position,
that this regiment sustained its greatest loss. Here, was
the hottest part of the engagement." This regiment's loss
was one hundred and seventy-nine, including two captains
and three color-bearers, killed before they reached the crest
of the knoll. Major George W. Kelsoe, of the Ninth Ten
nessee, speaks of our fire as "a most galling" one, and
mentions that the commander of his regiment, Lieutenant-
Colonel Buford, was wounded and two company commanders
and the color-bearer killed in their final charge upon the
battery. The loss of this regiment was one hundred and
fifty-four. Lieutenant-Colonel W. Frierson, of the Twenty-
ninth Tennessee, speaks of our fire as "such a storm of
shell, grape and Minie balls as no troops scarcely ever before
encountered," which, if hardly correct, is certainly em
phatic. This regiment had two color-bearers killed and a

130 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
third mortally wounded. Their loss was one hundred and
eight out of two hundred and ten engaged.
Thus the dead and the living of our victorious enemy
testify that if the men of the thirty-third brigade were new
soldiers, they were stout fighters. As for them, we can
truly say that it was an honor which even the memory of
defeat cannot dull, to have been christened veterans by the
onset of such valorous foes as Maney's Confederate
brigade.

* The report of General Buell upon the battle of Perryville, dated a
month after his removal from command is found in Part I, volume XVI,
Series 1 of the "Official Records" of the "Union and Confederate Armies,"
pages 1023-1036.
The report of General A. McD. McCook, who commanded the 1st Army
Corps, dated October 18th, is to be found on pages 1038-1014 of the same
volume. The report of Brigadier-General Rousseau, commanding the Third Divi-
son, is found on page 1044, and the part especially stigmatizing the troops of
the Tenth Division on page 1046.
The report of Captain Percival P. Oldershaw, General Tenth Division is
to be found in the same volume, pages 1059-1062.
The report of Captain William P. Anderson, A. A. G. 23d Brigade is to be
found on page 1062 of the same volume.
The report of Colonel Albert S. Hall, commanding 105th O. V. I, is to be
found on page 1064, and also again in the appendix of this volume.
The reports of the officers commanding the regiment constituting Maney's
Brigade, Cheatham's Division of the Confederate Army of the Mississippi,
may be found in the same volume, beginning on page 1113 continuing to page
1119. General Braxton Bragg's report of this battle may be found on page
1088, volume XVI. Part I, Series I of the "Official Records."

t It may be interesting to know that General Hardee, commanding the left
wing of the Confederate Army, claims the capture of this battery. The
repulse of the Tenth Division for the right Brigade of his command, in his
report on page 1121 of volume 16, part 1 of the official records will be found
this statement: "This combined attack was irresistible, and drove the
enemy in wild disorder from the position nearly a mile in the rear. Cheat
ham and Wood captured the enemy's battery in front of Wood, and among
the pieces, and amid the dead and dying was found the body of General
James S. Jackson, who commanded a, division of the enemy at that point."
Evidently General Hardee was determined to claim all that was in sight.
Cheatham's division were the only troops engaged in the attack upon the
troops of the Tenth Division, in this part of the field, though it is possible
that in the advance afterwards made by Wood upon the left of Cheatham, he
may have passed over the same ground

XI.

BETWEEN THE ACTS.
4KRt^ HE loss of Parsons' Battery was
C^ a serious blow, not merely to the
ftj self-esteem of the brigade, but es
pecially to the regiments, whose
officers and men had volunteered
to form this organization. The
following account of Captain Cum
ings, now Commander-in-chief of
-j, a/qv. M«g. tue Grand Army of the Repub-
^ /^U 1 '¥*& "c' Department of Pennsylvania,
"~ of the organization of the battery,
its service and the life and death
of its accomplished Commander will be of interest to the
reader : Parsons' Battery.
Parsons' Battery was organized from details of men
and officers taken from the 105th 0. V. I., 80th Ills., 123d
Ills, and 101st Ind. while in camp in Louisville, Ky. , early
in Sept. 1862. Col. A. S. Hall asked for volunteers from
our regiment to join the battery. Among the officers who
volunteered were 2nd Lieut. W. H. Osborn of Co. I and
myself. The battery was commanded by Lieut. Charles C.
Parsons of the 4th U. S. Regular Artillery. It had fiAre
Napoleons or light 12 pounder brass guns, one three inch
rifled Parrott and two 12 pounder howitzers. The organi
zation of this battery was the idea of Brig. Gen. W. R. Ter
rill who commanded our brigade. He had recently been
137

138

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

promoted from captain of battery M 5th U. S. Artillery and
was an enthusiastic artillerist. He had achieved much dis
tinction with his battery at Shiloh and won his promotion
thereby. Lieut. Parsons was a man of singular purity and

Captain H. H. Cumings.

Henht Harrison Cumings was born in Monmouth, 111., December 1,
1810; was son of Charles and Emily (Amsden) Cumings; was great grand
son of Benjamin Cumings, who was private in the Hollis, N. H. Company of
Colonel Prescott's regiment, at the battle of Bunker Hill, and afterwards
lieutenant in a New Hampshire. regiment, with Washington at Brooklyn and
about New York, and at Princeton. He is also, on the maternal side a great
grandson of Lieutenant Abram Amsden, of the Vermont troops in the Revolu
tionary war. He removed with his father to Madison, Ohio, in 1852; worked
on his father's farm summers and attended school winters, first at the dis
trict school, then at Madison, Ohio, Seminary, then at the Grand River
Institute at Austinburgh, Ohio. He entered Oberlin College in the freshman

BETWEEN THE ACTS. 131)
sincerity, an able and accomplished officer, a graduate of
West Point Military Academy and in every respect a man
of most admirable qualities and character. Gen. Terrill
spent much time with the battery and paid great attention
to its equipment and the drill of its officers and men, and
we were rapidly getting into shape to do effective service.
At Perryville the battery in going into action immediately
preceded our regiment and unlimbered on the ridge where
our regiment fought.
We were overwhelmed by the enemy in a very short
time, before it was possible to get all the guns into position.
I commanded one section composed of two 12 pounders
and that day my section had the right of the battery
and went into position on the right of the line just at the
right of the position that the 105th Ohio soon took. Being
on the right we were able to stay by our guns longer than
the other detachments of the battery. The last gun fired
from the battery was my right gun, which I fired with my
own hands. Gen. Terrill was with us, directing the work
ing of the guns during most of the short engagement. Gen.
Jackson passed me and spoke to me but a moment before
he fell. The enemy took all our guns except one howitzer,
which being in the rear did not have time to get into action.

class in 1859, taught school winters and studied the rest of the time at Ober
lin, until the last of June, 1862, when he left college to enter the 105th, but
was graduated with his class (that of 1862).
After the war he came to the oil country of Pennsylvania, and in June,
1866, settled at Tidioute, Pa., where he has since resided. He has been
engaged in refining oil, in pipe line transportation and in various operations,
chiefly western land speculations, banking, and in recent years lumbering in
southeast Missouri, in connection with the Missouri Lumber and Mining
Company, of which he is president, at Grandin, Mo. He has never held
office except the non-salaried local offices of his town, many of which he has
filled, among which he has served as president of the Tidioute School Board
for some ten years, a position which he still holds (1895), and is proud of. As
a citizen he has always felt much interest in the success of the Republican
party, and has served as a member of the State Central Committee, and as
delegate to many political conventions, among them the Republican National
Convention at Chicago, in 1888. He is a member of Colonel George A. Cob
ham Post G. A. R., and of the Loyal Legion Commandery of Pennsylvania.
At the encampment of the Grand Army Department of Pennsylvania for
1895, he was unanimously chosen Department Commander, which position he
now holds.

140 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
In trying to limber up one of our guns, when the infantry
fell back, the driver and every horse attached to the limber
were shot dead and fell into a heap. I saw them the next
day, lying on the field as they fell. The enemy pulled our
guns off the field but were unable to take them away and
they were the next day recovered by our troops.
After the battle the battery was disbanded, the officers
and men returned to their regiments. Lieut. Parsons
served with distinction in command of batteries H and M
4th U. S. Artillery at the battle of Stone River and on
detached service elsewheres, was on duty at U. S. Military
Academy, West Point, for some years - after the war,
resigned and entered the Episcopal ministry a*nd died of
yellow fever at Memphis, Tenn., in 1878. His death fit
tingly closed his worthy life and illustrated the noble char
acter of the man. I add the tribute paid to his memory at
the time of his death by the Memphis Avalanche.
{From the Memphis Avalanche, Sept. 1878.)
A MARTYR OP '78.
Death aimed high when his fateful dart struck down
Charles C. Parsons, late colonel of the United States army
and rector of Grace Episcopal church. Yet the mark was
fair and near and bared for the blow.
Into the room of disease the Christian soldier marched.
The hand which had applied the match to cannon on the
battlefield lifted the dying head, cheered with prayer the
departing soul day and night. To his own fated exposure,
this man invaded the strongholds of the plague, carrying
help to the body and the soul of many stricken men. Death
struck hard and true. The chivalrous soldier; the honored
shepherd of a flock ; the courteous, polished West Pointer,
the favorite friend particularly of the young of Memphis,
was borne to his last resting place. Over his grave, in
marble, let this be cut: " A MARTYR OF '78.
He died for the people against whom he had fought. "

BETWEEN THE ACTS. 141
Capt. Cumings is probably mistaken in regard to the
recovery of the guns. Lieutenant Wm. B. Turner that day
in command of Smith's Mississippi Confederate Battery,
which operated upon our extreme left, says in his report of
this battle: "I immediately opened an enfilading fire on
them, at the distance of 250 or 300 yards, with canister,
and continued it with shell and spherical case as the enemy
retired. This continued until our forces had so far advanced
as to be between our battery and the enemy's infantry,
when we commenced replying to a battery of the
enemy, which had annoyed us considerably, opening
upon us with guns of heavier caliber than ours as soon as we
commenced our firing. I continued this until I received
orders from General Cheatham to cease firing, and our
infantry advanced and took the battery opposing us. (This
no doubt refers to one of the batteries on Starkweather's
line, though he is in error in regard to the capture. — T.)
I then advanced the battery to a position farther to the
front, to open on a battery which was firing on Captain
Carnes' battery, when I received orders from General Cheat
ham to withdraw my battery to the rear.
"After night I received orders from Capt. M. Smith to
send my horses and limbers to the front, and withdraw
some of the enemy's guns which had been captured, the
enemy having taken off most of their limbers with their
horses. I brought off all I could find (excepting two cais
sons which were disabled) amounting to five 12-pounder Na
poleon guns (brass), one 12-pounder howitzer gun (brass),
and one 6-pounder Parrott gun (steel) with two limbers and
two caissons without limbers, filled with ammunition for the
Napoleon guns. During the night, I exchanged my two 6-
pounder guns for two of the Napoleon guns together with
the ammunition, and the next morning, on our leaving for
Harrodsburg, my men, by order of Capt. M. Smith, dis
mantled the guns which we were unable to take with us."
These were, evidently, the guns of our battery. The
entire number of guns captured that day, according to Gen.

U2 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
Bragg's report, was twelve. There is an error of one in
this, as ours was counted as an eight-gun battery, though
but seven were captured. Of these two of the Napoleons
were taken by the battery serving with Maney's Brigade.
In part 2, volume XVI, Series I of the official records,
will be found the following, showing the farther disposition
made by the confederates of the two guns captured from
our battery and given to Maney's battery :
Headquarters Army of Tennessee.
TULLAHOMA, APRIL 8, 1863.
Brig. Gen. Geo. Maney, Shelby ville, Tenn.
General: I am instructed by the commanding general
to advise you he wishes your battery composed of guns
taken from the enemy. You will, therefore, turn over one
of your guns turned over to you from Captain Semple's
battery to the reserve. He also directs that the names of
four of the bravest Tennessee men who were killed on the
field be inscribed upon guns. The man to engrave them
will be in a few days at your camp, to whom you will give
the names of men to be engraved, and report the same to
the general commanding.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
H. Oladowski,
Lieutenant-Colonel, Ordnance Duty.
Headquarters Maney s Brig., Cheatham's Div. , "Polk's Corps.
Camp near Shelbyville, April 10, 1863.
Lieutenant Col. H. Oladowski,
Chief of Ordnance, Army of Tennessee:
Colonel : Your note, conveying directions of the com
manding general in reference to my battery, was received
this morning. The gun from Captain Semple's battery will
be turned over to the reserve whenever commanded.
The instructions of the commanding general as to the
inscription of names on the pieces is highly gratifying to
me, and will be appreciated by my entire command. Your
note expresses that

BETWEEN THE ACTS. 143
The names of the four bravest Tennessee men who were,
killed be inscribed upon guns.
I feel it proper to mention in this connection that while
my command at Perryville contained four Tennessee regi
ments, each one of which can afford many names eminently
deserving the appropriate honor designated, the Forty-first
Georgia was also part of my brigade at the time, and par
ticipated with the Tennessee regiments, and with like valor
and devotion, in the severe conflict, resulting in the capture
of a quantity of the enemy's artillery; further, it maj7 be
noted, this was the only regiment, not of Tennessee in the
entire division engaged on our extreme right, and I must
add, as my conviction, the Southern Army lost neither a
truer soldier or more amiable and admirable gentleman on
that field than Col. Charles A. McDaniel, the commander of
that regiment.
If it be the desire of the commanding general to bestow
a compliment encouraging and appropriate to the Tennessee
troops through my brigade as a medium, the inscription
should properly be limited to the names of Tennesseeans ;
but if the purpose be to honor the fallen braves of this par
ticular brigade, then justice, far more than any generosity,
will strongly direct attention to the name of Col. McDaniel
for an inscription.
I respectfully and earnestly suggest, that, as the bat
tery complete will contain just one gun for a suitable name
from each of my four Tennessee regiments, it would be a pro
found gratification to me to be allowed the privilege of in
scribing the name of Col. McDaniel on one of the guns cap
tured by my brigade at the battle of Murfreesborough, the
gun to be presented to some Georgia battery, as a token of
respectful memory on the part of my command for a gallant
soldier of a different State from themselves, who gave up his
life fighting side by side with them, for the results, what
ever they be, of usefulness to the country or honor to them
selves, achieved on the field of Perryville.
Very respectfully, etc.,
Geo. Maney, Brig. -Gen'l Commanding.

144

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

The author has made some effort to trace these guns
farther but has been unable to do so.
Some of the experiences of members of the Thousand
connected with this battle are worthy of record.
Corporal Norris L. Gage of Company G., a handsome
young fellow, slow of speech but of a specially courteous
manner, being twice wounded in the heat of the fight,
turned to the lieutenant in rear of his position, using his
rifle as a staff, and ask
ed with the habitual
salute : ' ' Lieutenant,
can you tell me where
I can find a hospital?"
The officer could only
point to the rear and
ask ' ' Are you badly
hurt?" "Twice" was
the reply, and he added,
regretfully, "I'm
afraid my fighting days
are over." So they
were; disabled by his
wound, the Thousand
saw him no more.

Corp. N. L. Gage. Captain Byron W.
Canfield of Company E., was one of the brightest and
pleasantest officers of the regiment, fond of a jest
and always making light when others were inclined to
murmur. While we were at the lane in rear of our
first position a bullet struck him just at the angle of
the forehead, plowing a furrow along the pairing of his

Norris L. Gage was born in Sheffield, Ohio. At the time of his enlist
ment he was attending Kingsville Academy, preparing for college. He was
twice wounded, almost at the same instant, at Perryville, October 8, 1862.
After his recovery, he was engaged in various clerical pursuits for some
years. He afterwards entered the service of the Santa Pe Railway; then
engaged in mining in California, and for several years past, has been in
terested in various railway enterprises

BETWEEN THE ACTS. 145
hair. Picking up his hat which the bullet had knocked off
he turned to his first sergeant who stood beside him and
pointing to the wound, asked with a grin, —
' ' Moffatt, do you see any brains?" ' ' Lord, no, " replied
Moffatt, who was as much of a wag as his captain, "Did
you think I'd got a microscope?"
Comrade Charles Radcliffe relates that while the fire was
hottest the men in the front rank of Company F, to shield
themselves a little behind the crest of the knoll, knelt down
or rather crouched down to load. While in this position the
man upon his left was struck and sank down in a heap.
Leaning over him to inquire how badly he was hurt, a bullet
cut his right sleeve and made a flesh wound in his arm. If
he had not leaned over to aid his friend, it would have struck
him full in the breast.

The Major's horse was wounded and became unmanage
able. Though he had two other horses shot under him dur
ing his service, he always refers to this one, with special
regret because of "a bottle of excellent whiskey which was
in one of the holsters." Telling his loss to Hartzell, the wag
of the line, that worthy screwed up his face in the peculiar
way that always preceded a jeu d'esprit, and replied:
" You see Major, the disadvantage of being too temper
ate. I might have lost the bottle, but the whiskey — never!"

"Sachie," a young soldier of Company G, whose name
as enrolled on the roster, was Eaton, though no one ever
gave him that appellation, was the life of his company and,
indeed, of the whole left wing, through his irresistible ten
dency for "turning to mirth all thing3 of earth." Just be
fore we came into action that day, while the Thousand was
halted under the oaks through the branches of which the
enemy's shells were flying now and then, Sachie turned to
the officer near him with a countenance of ludicrous concern
and said, in a hesitating manner and with his inimitable lisp:
" Lieutenant, if you think it would be all the same to
Uncle Sam, I'd like to knock off about half a day!"

146 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
A lieutenant who got separated from his command just
as it entered the corn-field after passing the woods in rear
of the battery, having been stunned by the explosion of a
shell which buried itself in the ground near him, found the
¦enemy in uncomfortable proximity when he became conscious
again, and made a dash into the corn-field. The fire was
very hot and he was in instant expectation of being struck as
he pushed on, dodging from row to row, with the idea of con
fusing the aim of those who were firing at him; for of
course, he thought the whole Confederate army had their eyes
•on him. Presently a sharp stinging sensation on his right
side told him that he had been hit. He wondered that he did
not faint or feel any serious inconvenience. As he neared the
crest of the hill, however, he felt the warm blood trickling
down his side and concluded that he had been seriously hurt.
In a little while he passed round the left of Starkweather's
right regiment then hotly engaged with the enemy who were
in his rear, and found the fragments of the brigade, in their
new position; General Terrill sitting upon a log the picture
of utter woef ulness.
Some of his comrades sprung forward at his approach
and one of them who had been a medical student, hearing
of his hurt, proceeded in the masterful way which superior
knowledge inspires, to examine the same. The hole in the
blouse was found, the blouse and vest and shirt removed;
there was a twinge of pain and then a grunt of satisfaction
from the operator. Fortunately for the lieutenant he wore
a silk undershirt. The ball was evidently somewhat spent and
though it penetrated the outer clothing, had merely im
bedded itself with a fold of the silk, a little way into
the muscle and came out with the cloth with a sudden jerk.
The medical student was delighted and those who had
. gathered round congratulated the new comer upon his rare
good luck.
"But how came there to be so much blood?" asked the
bewildered fellow.
"Blood," said his friend. "You haven't lost a
spoonful."

BETWEEN THE ACTS.

147

' 'Haven't? Why it ran all down my side" was the reply.
The friend clapped his hand upon the other's clothing.
Sure enough, it was drenched. He drew his hand away;
looked at it, smelled of it ; then sat down bursting with
laughter. " Coffee!" was all he could say.
Sure enough the thrifty lieutenant had filled his canteen
with coffee that morning and had treasured it with exceed
ing care. The bullet had passed through the canteen about
the middle before reaching him and the jar of his motion
had slowly spilled the coffee through the holes it made
which, as it trickled down, he had mistaken for blood.

Comrade H. E.
Paine tells how he
and another drum
mer boy being on
duty with the stretch
ers for the first time
in action that day,
were half -compelled
and half-persuaded,
by an officer of an
other regiment not
even belonging to
our division, to go
into the fire-swept
space between the
contending lines,
to bring off his
wounded brot her.
He went with them
to point out the way,
but when he came
near took shelter behind a tree and left the drummer boys,

H. E. Painh, Musician.

Hendricks E. Paine was born in Le Roy, Ohio, in 1845. He came of good
fighting stock, having no less than three near relatives of the same name who
rose to the rank of brigadier-general in the war of Rebellion. Because of
his youth and delicacy of frame, he was unable to enlist until he joined the

148 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
to rescue his brother, which they did. They are not sorry
now that they did it, but only the new recruit could be
induced to undertake such a foolhardy thing.

The disappearance of Sergeant Joseph George, is one of
the mysteries of that battlefield which will never be un
ravelled. He was, with the exception of Jerry Whetstone, the
tallest man in the regiment. He had been in the three-
months' service and was in all respects a model soldier.
During the fight in our advanced position, he loaded and fired
with the utmost coolness. When we fell back into the wood
he took his stand behind a tree and continued to fire upon
the advancing enemy. When, convinced that it was useless
to attempt any further resistance to the strong line advan
cing upon us, General Terrill gave the order to fall back, the
writer went and gave the order to George and some others
near the lane fence who had not heard it. George's answer
was "Just as soon as I have one more shot."
None of the regiment ever saw him again. He was
not among the dead on this part of the field and whether he
was killed or wounded and captured, no one knew, until his
name was found among those interred in a national ceme
tery. There was rumor of a very tall man found among
the dead of the Seventy-ninth Pennsylvania, which came
to the knowledge of the writer afterwards when on duty with
one of its officers, but he was unable to verify it. As that
regiment was in our rear, it is more than probable that
Sergeant George fell back through the corn-field and took
his place in their line and was the tall stranger who attracted
attention and fell while fighting with them.

105th as a drummer. He was a universal favorite because of his fine appear
ance, obliging character and close attention to duty. He was a special
favorite with Colonel Tolles, who was never tired of doing favors for the
bright lad, who had found a way to overcome his gruffness. He was trans
ferred by special order of the War Department to the headquarters of his
uncle, General E. A. Pj,ine, in February, 1863.
After the close of the war, he became interested in oil, and finally settled
at Scranton. He is engaged in various business enterprises, he is a member
of the Board of Trade— a bank director and one of the foremost citizens of
that prosperous city.

BETWEEN THE ACTS. 119
No man of the regiment will ever forget the agony,
which settled afterwards into deep dejection, of Lieutenant,
afterwards Captain Spaulding, whose brother, Asa, was killed
in this engagement. As we faced to the rear and advanced
in line, the lieutenant left his post long enough to rush to
the other flank of the company and grasp his brother's
hand. " Be a man, Asa! " were his only words; to which his
brother responded "I will."
We found him lying beside the oak where he had fired
his last shot with a bullet through his head. A year after
ward, as we bore the brother from the field of Chickamauga,
he said as he listened to the roar of guns in our rear ' ' I am
glad I am not leaving Asa there! " Little did the gallant
soldier realize how near was his meeting with the young
brother whose death had hung so heavily upon his heart —
all the more heavily because the lad had enlisted against
the protest of his sister whose only hope these two heroic
brothers were.

Captain Edward V. Bowers of Company K was one
of the oldest men in the Regiment. He was a minister of
the Gospel, a Methodist perhaps, of gentle, courteous
nature, a little stooping in the shoulders, with a hint of
grey in his beard. His habit of life had fitted him better
for remonstrance than command. It was nothing less than
a misfortune that he was not made our chaplain instead of
the man who drew pay as such. In that position he would
have been a blessing and an honor to the regiment. As
captain of Company K he was careful and anxious for the
health, comfort and welfare of his men; but not being
smart in appearance, or an adept in mastering his tactics,
he was the object of some cheap wit among certain of the
line officers who were greatly his inferiors in fact, and by
no means a favorite with the Colonel. He was scrupulous
in the performance of duty, but did not always realize the
necessity of form and discipline. He used to invite those

150 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
of his men who desired to do so, to unite with him in his
evening devotions, until informed that it was ' ' prejudicial
to good order and military discipline " to pray with his men,
though quite permissible to swear at them.
Ittwas on the field of Perryville that the sterling qual
ities of ^Ms curiously misplaced man appeared. The writer
will never target the calmness with which he stood in his
place uttering ^w^rds of encouragement to his men, quite
unmoved_by the leaden hail that hurtled past. Turning to
the officer nearest him, he said with characteristic self-
depreciation :
"If any orders should come please let me know; I
think I do not hear as well as some."
After the battle was over that night, Captain Bowers
gathered a few of the more religiously inclined of the regi
ment about him and in a little depression of the hill on
which we lay, held a service of prayer. It was very quietly
done, but when the notes of a hymn reached the ears of the
Colonel, now commanding the brigade, he sent at once to
"stop the racket that old fool Bowers was making to draw
the enemy's fire on us! "
Aside from the fact that not a gun had been fired for
hours and that the roar of a shattered army moving toward
its new lines was all about us, it is altogether probable that
the Colonel's angry command could have been heard farther
than the words of the softly-chanted hymn.

Elbridge T. Early of Company K was shot in the hip
and also in the head at Perryville. His wounds called forth
a letter of commendation from Col. Hall, which was well-
merited, as some extracts will show. Early was taken sick
and sent to the hospital in Lexington, where he was with
several others when the enemy took the city and the
retreat to Louisville began. Col. Hall writing after
Perryville, said: "A week passed by and no tidings
came from them; almost another, and still no tidings,
when one morning young Early reported for duty, no

BETWEEN THE ACTS. 151
parole disgracing his pockets. When he learned the
city (Lexington) was being abandoned, though reduced by
fever, he crawled from his cot and made his escape from the
hospital and the city; and evading the enemy at Paris and
Cynthina, avoiding the roads, and traveling by night
through the woods and fields, he at length made his way to
Covington, over one hundred miles. From thence he came
to Louisville and rejoined his regiment.
' 'He was much worn down, and greatly enfeebled, but
the fire of patriotism was yet beaming in his eye, and the
unconquerable spirit of a true soldier, could be seen in
every motion.
"On the first day of October, the bugle sounded the
advance, and all were directed to remain who did not feel
able to participate. It was the long-roll for battle, and
Early, though still feeble, would not remain behind. He
was with us — shared our fatigue, our hunger and our thirst.
He knows what it is to march, after being two days without
bread, subsisting upon corn and bacon, eight miles without
water, and then without resting, to participate in the bloodiest
and most desperate battle of the rebellion. He fought in
the front line, and though wounded Li the hip, kept fighting
still, until stricken down by a ball, piercing his temple. No
man could conduct himself more gallantly. He is entitled
to a proud place in the affection of all patriots. "
Six months afterwards comrade Early was discharged
and is yet living, treasuring the letter of his old commander
as a priceless heritage. By accident the name is given both
in the Roster and the tables as Elbridge F. Early. This
was not discovered until the plates had been cast.

Ira Nye, of Company F, was one of those strange
instances of presentiment fulfilled that are to be found so
often in the soldier's experience as almost to cease to be
regarded as notable. From the very date of his enlistment,
he insisted that he would be killed in the first engagement.
This impression he repeated about the time the regiment

152 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
left Louisville, and when nearing the field of action bade
his friends in Co. E. farewell, saying to one of them that
his hour had come. He did not let this feeling influence
his conduct, but went bravely on and was shot through the
heart in our most advanced position. Writing home some
time before, he said he wished "to be remembered as a
good soldier." The man who faces the enemy with the
certainty of death in his mind, certainly deserves to have
this modest ambition realized.

In preparing the foregoing account of the part of the
105th Ohio in the battle of Perryville, the author has been
greatly assisted by the recollections of more than fifty of
the survivors who kindly responded to his request for the
same. While, in the main, agreeing with each other, there
were some glaring and irreconcilable differences. In such
cases there was nothing to do but accept the weight of evi
dence. In one case, the most positive averment of one man
was expressly contravened by more than twenty others in
an equally positive manner.
The charge made upon Terrill's and Starkweather's
brigades by the three brigades of Cheatham's division and
Liddell of Buckner's, was regarded as of such unusual and
desperate character as to deserve extraordinary honor, as
the following order will show:
General Orders, Headquarters Army of Tennessee,
No. 1. Tullahoma, Tenn. , Nov. 23, 1862.
1. — The several regiments, battalions, and independent
companies engaged in the ever-memorable battle at Perry
ville, Kentucky, on October 8, in which they achieved a
signal victory over the enemy numbering three to their one,
and drove him from the field with terrible slaughter and the
loss of his artillery, will inscribe the name of that field on
their colors. The corps of Cheatham's division which made
the gallant and desperate charge resulting in the capture of

BETWEEN THE ACTS. 153
the enemy's batteries, will in addition to the name, place
the cross cannon inverted.
By command of General Bragg:
George Wm. Brent,
Assistant Adjutant General.

XII.
A STIRRING WINTER.
THE glare of battle in one
hour transforms the recruit into
a veteran. It does not teach
him tactics. The wheelings and
facings of the drill-ground, the
combinations of battalion and
brigade evolutions may still be
mysteries to him, but the inex
pressible something which dis
tinguishes between the recruit
and the veteran has trans
formed him into a soldier. He
has not learned how to maneu
ver but he has learned how to
fight. When once he has stood
up to be shot at, all the rest of
his education is mere form;
he is already a veteran, knowing that which lies beyond
drill and discipline and is the real marrow of a soldier's life.
Perryville was the last of the autumn battles. The
Thousand buried its dead and marched, three days afterward
to Danville, twelve miles away, where it lay eight days,
when the brigade was ordered in hot haste to Lebanon, Ken
tucky, to repel an anticipated attack by the rebel general,
John H. Morgan, who having slipped to the rear of the
Federal columns which were cautiously escorting Bragg out
of the State, was at his favorite occupation — cutting lines
154

"A Veteran.

.4. STIRRING WINTER. 155
of supply, capturing trains and detached posts. General
Buell foCussed his attention on this pestiferous antagonist
with a celerity and energy in curious contrast with his
demeanor toward Morgan's superior. He did not seem to
realize that the way to dispose of Morgan was to destroy
Bragg. This was the beginning of months of weary chasing after
the bold cavalier, whose excellent mounts and thorough
knowledge of the country enabled him easily to elude the
"dough-boys," who, though many times his number,
tramped up and down, and back and forth along strange
roads, in rain and snow, by night and day, seeking and
finding him not, save when, now and then, he pounced
down on some undefended train or unsuspecting post.
Then there was a sudden flurry, a sharp skirmish, a quick
surrender, and the restless partisan was far beyond pursuit
before the lagging infantry could be started after him.
There is something ludicrous in the method that was
adopted to protect the long line of supplies and the exposed
flank of an army operating nearly two hundred miles from
its base, against the incursions of mounted rangers, issuing
from the defiles of the Cumberland mountains, and retiring
thither when pursued. Indeed, the aversion which our
government showed to the enlistment and proper employ
ment of cavalry in the early days of the war is wholly un
accountable, unless one keeps in mind the fact that there
was a general belief among army men of the old school, that
rifles and sharp shooters had destroyed the efficiency of cav
alry as a fighting arm. Instead of cavalry we had, there
fore, a multitude of little infantry posts, interspersed, now
and then, with one of greater strength composed of infantry
and artillery, while regiments, and sometimes whole brig
ades, were detailed as guards for the immense trains made
necessary by the transportation of supplies over great dis
tances. Every bridge on every line of railway had its little
stockade and guard of five, ten, fifty, or a hundred men,
whose duty it was to prevent its being burned, or the track

156 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
torn up by "bushwhackers" or "guerrillas," as the bands of
disaffected partisans were termed. Against raiding parties
of one or two thousand, with a few pieces of artillery, they
were no protection whatever. Middle Kentucky and Ten
nessee were one vast network of such little posts.
All the Union armies of the first year were put into the
field with hardly enough cavalry to serve as couriers and
orderlies. On the other hand, the Confederates, from the
beginning, gave great prominence to this arm. It is true
they did not learn how to use massed bodies of cavalry much
sooner than we did ; but their partisan horse, from the outset
played an important part in all their movements. They not
only covered the front of every advance and the rear of every
retreat, but were our teachers in that species of warfare
which was denominated "raiding."
Gen. John H. Morgan, in boldness and fertility of re
source, was easily the first of the Confederate raiders. Much
of his success was, no doubt, due to his second in command,
Basil Duke, whose subtlety so admirably supplemented his
leader's dash and enterprise. Gen. Duke was termed,
sometimes, "the brains of Morgan," and there were times
when that leader seemed in need of more than he carried
under his own hat; but it cannot be denied that he was
bold, adventurous, full of resource and of amazing forti
tude. Ee had, too, in a superlative degree the quality
of attaching men to him. These qualities fitted him for
the role of a partisan leader — a role in which he was
rivaled only by Forrest. Dividing his forces, Morgan
swept almost at will, along the hard stone pikes or obscure
country roads, gobbling up the guards, burning stockades and
bridges, tearing up the railroads, and every now and then
surprising some of the stronger isolated posts. Truth to
tell, he had not much stomach for a fight, and little enough
skill in ordering one. But if he had been a better fighter,
he would, in all probability, have been a less valuable raider.
His function was not to fight, but to confuse, circumvent,
and annoy. And this he did with admirable efficiency.

.1 STIRRING WINTER. 157
Today he would drive in our pickets, tomorrow capture an
outpost fifty miles away, and the next day, perhaps, burn a
transport on the river as much farther in another direction.
With the march to Lebanon, the Thousand became a part of
this exacting, unsatisfactory warfare.
" Move with the regiment to Lebanon! Start immedi
ately; make forced march! Reach Lebanon to-morrow, and
defend the place against Morgan's cavalry," was the first of
many orders of like character.
We reached Lebanon in time; so did plenty of other
troops. In three days there were enough there to have
eaten Morgan's men, horses, saddles, and all; but Morgan
was somewhere else. Then we were ordered in like haste
to Munfordville, the scene of Wilder's surrender three
months before. Almost before we arrived, the pioneers
were rebuilding the railway bridge he had destroyed. It
was terribly cold; we crowded into a few of the buildings
which had escaped the general destruction, and shivered
about the fires we built of what we could pick up. In a
day or two we were provided with tents, and remained here
a month, engaged in constant drill, with occasional expe
ditions to obtain forage for the animals. During this time
the Tenth division of the Army of the Ohio was reorgan
ized by assigning to its command Gen. Charles C. Gilbert,
who, having figured for two months as a major-general,
and as such been in command of the most important corps
of the Army of the Ohio, had laid aside one star, and was
now only a brigadier. Garrard's Kentuckians were detached
and the Nineteenth Indiana battery transferred to the
Thirty-third brigade. This organization lasted a few days
only. On the 1st of November, 1862, the Army of the
Ohio became the Fourteenth corps, its field of operations
the Department of the Cumberland, and its commander,
Maj. -Gen. William S. Rosecrans. Maj. -Gen. Joseph J.
Reynolds was assigned to the command of the line of sup
ply along the Louisville and Nashville railroad.
Munfordville may well be regarded as the high-school

158 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
in which the training of the regiment and brigade was com
pleted. Next to a fight or a forced march, the colonel of
the Thousand loved a brigade-drill; and well he might, for
in that he showed at his best. His voice was of such
remarkable carrying power that he handled a brigade with
little assistance in the transmission of orders, while his eye
was so accurate in judging distances that few of those con
fusing halts occurred which are apt to mar the course of
such maneuvers.
The Thousand was fortunate in having a lieuten
ant-colonel who was, in some sense, a martinet. Little given
to severity, he had a passion for orderly details. Every
visible phase of camp-life received his constant attention,
and any irregularity in the laying out of streets, the pitch
ing of tents, the fixing of a guard-line, or the policing of a
camp was sure to meet his eye and call forth a reprimand.
As a tactician he was almost perfect, and his pride in the
appearance of the regiment made him indefatigable in drill
ing them. From frosty morn till purple eve, through all
the autumn days, the echo of serried footsteps filled the
camp. Company drill and guard mounting he scrutinized
with care, and woe to the careless or uninstructed officer
who made an error or permitted a straggling movement. In
maneuvering a battalion, he was an ideal commander.
Mounted on his black horse, his slender, soldierly figure, dark,
pointed beard, keen, black eyes, and sharp, regular features,
gave him a most distinguished appearance. His shrill,
almost piping voice, at first provoked mirth from its
grotesque inconsistency with his martial countenance and
figure. When one became accustomed to it, the very
shrillness of his tones constituted one of his distinctive
excellences. No matter what the clamor, his commands
came distinct and clear, cutting rather than overwhelming
other sounds. Whatever the Thousand owed to others, its
excellence in drill, its habit of instant obedience, and the
thorough discipline for which it came to be well reputed,
were due in the main to the indefatigable efforts of Lieut. -
Col. William R. Tolles.

A STIRRING WINTER. 159
We graduated from this school in haste after thirty days.
Morgan was again in the saddle along the old route from the
head of Sequatchie Valley to Middle Kentucky, so it was
said. We were sent to Glasgow, Kentucky, to receive him.
Three days we waited and he came not. Then a trooper
arrived in hot haste to tell us that the ubiquitous raider
had entered an appearanee at Hartsville, Tennessee, fifty
miles away, whither we were ordered to proceed without
delay. We pushed ahead, laughing all the time at the ab
surd figure we cut in this ridiculous chase of cavalry by
infantry. Sure enough, when we reached Hartsville, we
learned that Morgan had captured the garrison and departed
before the order came for us to pursue. We remained in
this region a few days hunting for him, where we knew he
was not, or at least thought he was not.

Mt

f.:'

:»¦"''',,

Ot" V /
THAT was our first Christmas in the
service which we celebrated here. Who
that shared that jolly rout will ever
forget it? Perhaps the war furnished
no more characteristic revel. It was a
warm, sunny day like the early spring
of the North. There were many rabbit s
in the old fields where the brown sedge-
grass made excellent cover. Lieutenant-
Colonel Doan of the One Hundred and
1863 First Indiana, the biggest and warmest-
hearted old boy in the brigade, pre
ferred a request to the colonel-commanding that his regi
ment might be allowed a Christmas rabbit hunt. Straight
way the matter was taken under advisement; the com
manders of the other regiments were consulted, and it was
finally determined to organize a big hunt for the brigade.
The regiments were accordingly mustered under arms, each
man equipped also with a stout stick, and having been
marched to a favorable location, pickets were thrown out
to prevent surprise; then each regiment stacked arms,
160 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
formed a hollow square, faced inward, took distance at ten
steps apart, and began to march toward the center, beating
the cover as they went. It was a jolly hunt, abounding in
shouts and ludicrous contretemps. Many rabbits were
killed, many more escaped; there were broken heads and
bruised shins, for one cannot be sure who is behind the
rabbit at which he strikes ; but nobody minded such things,
and few who engaged in it will recall a scene of more hil
arious merriment. Each regiment got enough of the soft-
eyed victims to flavor the Christmas stew with which we
were regaled that night. The One Hundred and First Indi
ana was reported to have made the highest score on account
of the colonel's being the best judge of a rabbit-cover;
though an officer of the Thousand who stole out of the line
and took post on the side of a ditch which led up to a big
swamp was said to have made the largest individual bag.
Imagine his surprise when, months afterward, one of
Morgan's captains clapped him on the back, he being then a
prisoner, and reminded him of the place where he had hid
den to intercept the cunning cotton-tails, who, escaping the
round up, were seeking shelter in the swamp. A scouting
party whom Morgan had sent to spy out the land and let
him know what chance there was of surprising our brigade,
was, it seems, at that very moment hidden in the swamp;
they even considered the question of making a raid on the
lone rabbit-hunter. The gray-coated captain remarked that
he reported to ' ' the Old Man, ' which was the pet name
Morgan's men gave him, that it was "no use trying to sur
prise a command which, even when they went hunting at
high noon, never took off their equipments nor got a hun
dred steps from their gun-stacks." It was a compliment of
which our colonel had every reason to be proud.
Perhaps as a result of this report in regard to the alert
ness of our brigade, a day or two after, we were notified
that Morgan had concluded to go to Glasgow after all, and
that a determined and elaborate effort was to be made to set
a trap into which he would be sure to fall. So many bodies

A STIRRING WINTER.

161

of infantry were to close in on him at Glasgow that he would
have to run over some of them in trying to get away. We,
therefore, hustled back, via Scottsville, but the much-
sought-for raider was not at Glasgow when we arrived. We
were then rushed over to Cave City, where he had just been
doing some mischief; sauntered down to Bowling Green, and
from there to Nashville, and on to Murfreesborough, Ten
nessee, where we
came just too late for
the great battle of
Stone's River.
Here the Thous
and became part of
the Second brigade,
Fifth division, Four
teenth army corps.
The grave and earnest
Thomas, best - loved
by his soldiers of all
the generals of the
great war, com-
manded the corps
whose acorn - badge
came afterward to
typify his character.
We called him ' ' Pap
Thomas" sometimes,
but not so often nor
so flippantly as many
was known as "Slow- save

Gen. Joseph J. Reynolds.

have supposed.
trot," because

By his staff he
he was not given to galloping

Joseph Jones Reynolds was born in Indiana in 1822; graduated at
West Point, class of 1844 ; was assistant professor in the Military Academy
from 1845 to 1855 ; and Professor of Mechanics in Washington University, St.
Louis, until about the outbreak of the war. He was appointed a Major-
General of volunteers and assigned to the Fifth Division of the Army of the
Cumberland, on its organization, under General Rosecrans, in the fall of
1862, which command he held until after the bittle of Chickamauga. When
General Thomas succeeded to the chief command, General Reynolds was

162 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
when there was need of haste. Some of our generals did a
deal of galloping, not only on the march and in battle, but
also in their reports. Thomas never galloped on paper and
not often on the road.
General Reynolds, who commanded the division, was
of the same unassuming type. Quiet, slender, scholarly,
he was a model of soldierly courtesy, which embraced the
enlisted man as well as the wearer of shoulder-straps. He
never returned a salute carelessly, or as if it were a mere
matter of routine, but always as if he felt it a personal
greeting, which it gave him pleasure to acknowledge.
Though a strict disciplinarian, he was easily approachable,
and no commander ever had a more thoughtful care for the
welfare of his men.

appointed Chief of Staff. In the re-organization of the army by General
Grant he was thrown out by questions of rank, and was assigned to com
mand in the department of the Gulf. In 1864- '66 he commanded the Depart
ment of Arkansas. He was greatly beloved by the men of his command. His
memory is held in special reverence by the survivors of the Thousand, of
whom he spoke in terms of especial praise in his report of the battle of
Chickamauga. In some manner, due probably to his promotion to Chief of
Staff about this time, the regimental reports of the Second Brigade in that
battle were lost after reaching his hands. It is quite possible that they may
yet be found among the records of the Department of the Cumberland.

XIII.
A MIDWINTER CAMPAIGN.
WINTER campaign, even in the
latitude of Tennessee is sure
to be attended with many diffi
culties and uncertainties. Just
sixty days after its organization,
the army of the Cumberland
fought its first battte, on the
last day of 1862 and the first
day of 1863, by the banks of
Stone's river, thirty miles southeast of Nashville, Tennessee,
on the railroad running to Bridgeport. It was without any
strategic preliminaries. The Federal army simply marched
out of Nashville to assail the enemy in position at Mur
freesborough. Each general planned to attack by the left
flank. The Confederate commander got his blow in first.
Both probably acted under a mistake. The Union leader-
thought the Confederate forces very much demoralized by
the failure of the invasion of Kentucky. The Federal view
of that movement was that Bragg had been driven out of
Kentucky, his army beaten, dissipated, and utterly worn
out with a long and profitless march.
This impression was no doubt confirmed by the stories
which spies who came into our lines as deserters were in
structed to circulate. The bait was swallowed by the com
mander of the Army of the Cumberland with eagerness.
Perhaps one reason it was so fully credited was that General
Rosecr&tisefthief of scouts seems to have been under a curi-
163

164 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
ous hallucination in regard to the spirit and discipline of the
Confederate forces.
The Confederate commander likewise misconceived the
temper of the Federal army. It is a curious fact, that the
spirit of the soldiers of the Army of the Cumberland rose
higher with each strategic check or seeming disaster in bat
tle. The Confederates believed it greatly demoralized by
its retreat of two hundred miles ; its bloody check at Perry
ville ; the recapture of Cumberland Gap, and the constant
cutting of its line of supply by Confederate raiders. On
the contrary, the spirit of the army was never better than
when it set out on the Murfreesborough mid-winter cam
paign. The retreat had irritated every man, from the di
vision commanders down to the dullest private ; Perryville,
instead of being a victory, as the Confederates called it, was
merely an accident. General Bragg did not realize that it
was the commander of the army, and not its soldiers, who
was demoralized by his onset, and so naturally concluded
that what fifteen thousand did at Perryville, fifty thousand
could do with equal ease at Stone's river. He knew his own
army regarded the march into Kentucky as a brilliant stra
tegic success rather than a failure, and all envied the divi
sions which, albeit with enormous loss, had driven back and
held in permanent check three times their number on the
Kentucky battle-field.
Impelled by these mutual misapprehensions, the two
armies joined battle, the long, thin line formation of the
Federals inviting a repetition of the tactic so successful at
Perryville. The attempt to apply it developed the man of
the Army of the Cumberland. The right wing, now under
McCook, as was the left at Perryville, was rolled back upon
the center, just as in that battle; but in the center was
Thomas. Neither dismayed by disaster nor confused by
unexpected conditions, he bent his energies to hold what
was threatened and regain what was lost. In the face of an
enemy already flushed with anticipated triumph, he formed
a new line, at a right angle with the original one, and thus,

A MIDWINTER CAMPAIGN.

165

doubled back on the center, presented a wall of fire and
steel, against which the enemy's forces vainly dashed in re
current waves until darkness came to end the bloody strife.
Late that night the commander of the army summoned
his generals to consider the question of retreat. Thomas,
worn with the fatigue of the day, but confident of the mor
row, gave his voice against retreat, and, during the discus
sion that followed, fell asleep leaning against the wall in
the corner of the log-house in which the council was held.
Near midnight, he was awakened by his chief and asked if
his corps could pro
tect the army in its
withdrawal to a new
position. "The army
cannot retreat, " was his
reply, and leaning back
he resumed his slumber.
He did not argue, he
did not question; he
merely announced his
conclusion. The com
mander sallied forth
with McCook to hunt
for a position in the
rear. Whether con
vinced by what he saw,
or yielding to the con
viction of his great
lieutenant, he abandon
ed the idea of retreat, and the battle which seemed lost at
sunset was won before the coming noontide.

Lieut. Henry Adams.

Henry Adams, the youngest son of Asael Adams, late of Warren, Ohio,
was born April 29, 1835 ; educated in the public school of that city, he devoted
himself to a business career, and for some years had been teller of the old
Western Reserve Bank, when in November, 1862, he was appointed a second
lieutenant of the 105th, and assigned to Company G. He joined the regiment
near Bear Wallow, Ky., and was immediately appointed Brigade Commissary
of Subsistence on the staff of Colonel Hall. He was prostrated by sickness,
brought on by exposure and fatigue, and died on February 20, 1863, in hospital

166 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
Despite his many brilliant qualities, General Rosecrans
was not well-fitted for important, independent 'command.
He did not fear danger, he only feared defeat. Over-confi
dent before the battle was joined, the roar of conflict seemed
to confuse his energies and paralyze his judgment. His
only thought was to seek a means to extricate his command
from impending destruction. His fear of disaster was so
great that he would have abandoned the field of Stone's river
to avoid it, as he did Chickamauga in order to provide a
way of escape for the fragments of the army he thought
was overwhelmed. In both cases, Thomas supplied the
nerve which his chief so woefully lacked.
The battle of Stone's river, having thus been won by the
hardest, the Army of the Cumberland lay confronting the
Confederate forces for nearly six months. Except frequent
reconnoitering of its flanks, this army of a hundred thous
and did nothing from midwinter until midsummer.
We held the left center of the Army of the Cumber
land. It was a favorite theory with General Reynolds that
a volunteer command should be given variety of service.
The monotony of camp life, he thought, brought home-sick
ness, which is the worst enemy of a soldier's efficiency.
During the five months we lay at Murfreesborough, he pro
vided for his men such a variety of duty as made the cam
paign that followed an enjoyable holiday. Nine times in
those months, one or both, of the brigades of Reynolds
raided the right of the enemy's position. Lebanon, Smith-
ville, Carthage, Readyville, Auburn, Liberty, Statesville,

at Murfreesborough, Tenn. He was the only civilian given a commission in
the regiment. Of him Colonel Hall wrote after his death, to his brother,
Whittlesey Adams, Esq.:
"The whole Brigade was astounded at his death. No man ever in so
short a time more tenderly endeared himself to soldiers than did Lieutenant
Adams, to my entire command. Affable, prompt, cheerful, always ready and
supplied with all commissary stores that the department could furnish, to
his business education and habits the duties of his position came naturally
and he enjoyed the exercise of them with a high satisfaction. He mastered
the rules and regulations governing his duties at once, and entered upon
duty with the exactness of a long experience. His efficiency as an officer, and
the upright and spotless character which he ever bore, won for him a name
which will be sacred to us all."

-1 MIDWINTER CAMPAIGN. 167
McMinnville, the whole region that lay between our left
flank and the Cumberland river, was scouted and raided so
thoroughly by our infantry, that Stanley and Minty had
some opportunity to mass the small force of cavalry and
hold it ready to act as occasion might require. A brigade
of mounted infantry was organized also, — ludicrous and
resonant, but easily subsisted, of unequaled endurance, and
having hardly more need for a roadway than a goat. Poor,
despised mule! How little credit your virtues receive!
The horse is a creature of song and story ; but who has sung
the praise of the mounted infantry mule? Wilder's "Mule
brigade" was part of our division. No military experiment
ever paid better than the "Jackass brigade," which, though
it made a deal of noise in those days, has blown its own
horn but little since.
From January until June, 1863, the Thousand was a
part of the Army that lay encamped about Murfreesbor
ough, Tenn. Aside from the incidents that have been related
there were others that greatly affected the regiment. The
duty was steady and considering the season of the year
might be termed onerous. In addition to daily drill, picket
and camp guard, there was work on fortifications, loading
and unloading supplies, and two tours as train-guard to
Nashville. The water was bad and somewhat too abundant
in our first camp: in one to which we removed it was
excellent. There were great changes in the personnel of the Regi
ment during this time. Before the first day of June, 1863,
nine months after muster-in, eleven officers had resigned,
one had been dismissed, two had been killed. Of the rank
and file, fifty-six had been killed, seventy-eight had died,
and 197 enlisted men had been discharged for disability.
Those in hospital who never rejoined increased this
number so that more than one third of the regiment had
either been killed, died, or been discharged, since its
muster. The number detached with the sick, who after
wards recovered, had reduced the number present for duty
to about one half the original complement.

168

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

Among the deaths, the most notable was that of Capt.
Ephraim Kee, of Co. B, on the 16th of January, 1863. He
was a young man of great promise; just ready to enter col
lege at the time of his enlistment. He had been a fellow-
student with the writer and many others of the regiment at
Kingsville Academy. While there his attainments as a
scholar were very marked, as was his poetical talent. Big,
tawny giant as he was, there was an undertone of melan
choly in his disposition that always surprised his intimates
by its apparent lack of cause. On this account most of his
poetical effusions were of a
serious character. Two
poems of his, in the posses
sion of the writer, are en
titled "A Vision" and "The
Dying Student. " Both dwell
upon a life cut short before
the attainment of its domi
nant ambition, its controlling
idea. This thought he was
to exemplify in his own
death. On the 15th, of January
1863, he was the ranking
officer in the picket detail of
Capt. Ephraim Kee. the regiment for that day.
The writer was the second in command. Who the other
commissioned officer was is not known. Capt. Kee and the
writer were not only old friends, but their companies were
next to each other on the left. The day was bright and
pleasant and the night which followed clear and cool. Each
officer had four hours' duty and four off at the reserve. The
two officers joined their blankets and made one bed
at t le foot of a great oak. He came off duty about ten
o'clock and lay down. When the lieutenant went on duty
at two o'clock, he complained of thirst. The other handed
him a canteen, which had been lying on the ground and

A MIDWINTER CAMPAIGN. 169
showed the rime upon its woolen casing. He drank freely.
When the writer came off duty, he had been removed to
camp, hardly conscious. Before night he was dead. A
congestive chill had removed a gallant officer who would
gladly have died in battle but chafed at the very thought of
perishing by disease.
The following extract from the poem entitled "The
Dying Student" above referred to, will give some idea of
his poetic quality as well as of his impetuous and ambitious
character. Had he lived, he would no doubt, have made
a name in literature:
Oh, sooner far that Death might call
AVhen rising tempests spread a pall
Of darkness o'er my head
When vivid lightnings flashed on high
And rolling thunder shook the sky
And all was wild and dread.
Oh, I would die midst fire and smoke
" And shout and groan and saber stroke "
Upon the crimson plain
When armies proud with maddened strife
In wild disport with human life
Heap up the piles of slain.
But ah, 'tis vain. It may not be
Yes I must die, and soon with thee
Fair world, for aye must part!
The cold sweat stands upon my brow
My feeble pulse beats slowly now
And lead- like sinks my heart.
His was the most promising intellectual life of the
regiment and the feeling of every one who knew him, was
that the possibilities of a great career had been cut short.
He was succeeded in command of Company B, by his first
Lieutenant and bosom friend, A. D. Braden, who having
been in the three months' service, was of right, entitled to
be Captain at the outset, but gave way to Kee because of
his great friendship for him. Indeed, it is said that both

170 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
expected to be lieutenants under Captain John Reeves*,
through whose instrumentality this company was raised.
For some reason, he was not mustered and the two young
men, to whom he was greatly attached, became captain and
first lieutenant respectively.
Our first Chaplain, Rev. Aaron Van Nostrand, joined
us here, held two or three religious services, was taken
sick and died soon afterward, Feb. 27, 1863.
Another death was that of Lieut. Henry Adams,
During his brief service with the regiment, he was on duty
at Brigade headquarters as Commissary of Subsistence, but
became known to the regiment as a genial and courteous
gentleman and faithful soldier.
At this camp, after six months of service, when it had
lost one-third of its members, the regiment finally received
a stand of colors. Why this essential feature of regimental
organization was so long in reaching us, it is hard now to
discover. There is a rumor that Gen. Kirby Smith or Gen.
John Morgan, or some other meddlesome confederate con
fiscated the first one sent us ; but the truth seems to be that
the regiment got so far ahead of its own requisitions or was
pushed forward so fast that its equipment had no time to
catch up with it. At least, the first time it paraded under
its own colors, was well past the midwinter solstice, and
was made the occasion of one of the most ludicrous things
which happened during the war.
The fact has already been noted that our colonel was
inclined to find his way into print whenever occasion offered,
sometimes making occasion where one did not happen to
exist. He was by nature and inclination a politician.

John Reeves, Jr. was born in Washington County, Pa., in 1815, and
was, therefore, forty-six years old when he was appointed Captain in the
105th Ohio. He resided in Howland, Trumbull County, Ohio, and was a man of
great influence and pronounced character. It is said that the necessary
number of men to form the company were enlisted in ten days. He spared
neither time nor money in the work. Just why he was not mustered with
the regiment is not known. He was one of the men who went to California
in '49, and was for thirty years consecutively chosen a Justice of the Peace
in his town. He was also Treasurer of bis county, dying in 1894, at the age of
seventy-nine.

A MIDWINTER CAMPAIGN.

171

Entertaining no hope of a permanent military career, his
eyes were always to the advantages to be derived from mili
tary service, in a political way. The winter of 1862 — 03
was a time of very serious political disturbance in some por-

Z'*:ik,

4
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ft,
j9x3L
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Lieut. Albert Dickerman.
Albert Dickerman was born March 26, 1840, at Masonville, Delaware
County, N. Y., and is a descendant of Thomas Dickerman, who came to this
country from England, in 1635, and settled at Dorchester, Mass. His grand
father, John Dickerman, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, under Cap
tain James Blakeley and Samuel Fletcher. The subject of this sketch attended
district school until he was sixteen years old ; after eight years, only in the
winter, working on the farm summers. Attended Norwich Academy, at Nor
wich, N. Y„ two terms. At the age of seventeen he moved with his parents
to the vicinity of Cleveland, Ohio, and worked one season as a market
gardener. From the autumn of 1857 to July 1862, he was studying and teach
ing, a part of the time at Chester, Ohio, and about six months at Oberlin O.
172 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
tions of the North. The Knights of the Golden Circle were
making strenuous efforts to rouse disaffection: the draft
which had become necessary in some states was unpopular;
the financial outlook was unfavorable in the extreme and
all the forces opposed to the prosecution of the war were
crystallizing for a final effort to embarrass the government,
compel the disbandment of the armies and the recognition
of the Slave-Confederacy. The presentation of the new
colors afforded an opportunity, in the opinion of the colonel,
for expressing the views of the soldiers on these subjects.
At the dress parade of the regiment, on the 16th of Feb
ruary, therefore, resolutions were read by the adjutant and
adopted unanimously, after a speech from the commander
of the brigade, by the officers and men of the regiment.
The resolutions though pitched in a most exalted key,
undoubtedly expressed the exact sentiments of the whole
command. The really ludicrous thing about it is the
idea of a military organization, mustered under arms
in the most formal way, listening to a set of resolutions
propounded in effect by the commanding officer and read
and certified by the adjutant, and then being called upon to
vote on the same. Probably no one desired to vote against
the resolutions but if he had he would hardly have dared to
do so. Had the regiment resolved itself into a mass-
meeting electing its own officers it would have been some-

and about a year and a half in Missouri. In July, 1862. he enlisted in Company
E, 105th O. V. I , was mustered with the regiment at Camp Cleveland, was
appointed sergeant-major and served in that capacity until March 29, 1863,
when he was appointed adjutant and served in that capacity until the close
of the war
After muster out, he studied law at the Union Law College, in Cleveland,
Ohio, and was admitted to the bar in June, 1866. In August of that year he
located at Hillsdale. Mich , where he lived until the spring of 1883. While
there he served for three years as director of the public schools: for four
years as Circuit Court Commissioner; for four years as Judge of Probate;
and represented the county in the State Senate during the General Session
of the Legislature in 1881. and the Special Session in 1882, practicing his pro
fession in the meantime In the spring of 1883, he moved to Muskegon, Mich.,
and in 1887 was elected Circuit Judge of the Fourteenth Judicial District
and took his seat in 1888. At the expiration of his term in 1894, he declined a
re-election, and moved to Watsonville. Cal., where he now (1895) resides.

-1 MIDWINTER CAMPAIGN. 173
what different, though political resolutions hardly accord
with good order and military discipline. Only a few days
afterwards the major part of the officers of the regiment
were threatened with arrest for signing a respectful protest
against an act of injustice to one of their number. These
resolutions, given in a note below,* were carried home by
the worthy gentlemen who brought the colors and no doubt
brought consolation to many a loyal heart which never
stopped to consider the circumstances attending their adop
tion. Late as it was in our service when we received our
colors, they are now among the most tattered and war-worn
of the hundred odd battle flags which the Buckeye State
treasures with deserved honor.
The promulgation of these resolutions was among the
last acts of Adjutant Robbins who was compelled by a
painful injury received in the performance of a duty acci
dentally imposed upon him during a leave of absence, to
tender his resignation. He was succeeded by Lieut. Albert
Dickerman, promoted from private of Company E, to
be sergeant-major some months before, and now March 29,
1863, promoted to a lieutenancy and appointed adjutant,
in which capacity he served till the close of the war. He
was a man of strong character and brilliant qualities;
systematic, prompt, cool and courageous, one of those men
who never lose their heads nor forget nor omit any routine
duty. His career since the close of the war has fully jus
tified the promise of his military service.
* The following are the resolutions adopted at this characteristic military
mass-meeting, at which all the participants were in uniform and under arms:
Whereas, Rebel sympathisers in some portions of the loyal States,
have represented that the Army of the West was in favor of a compromise
with the rebels in arms, and was opposed to the policy of the administration
in the conduct and management of the war: Now, therefore, be it solemnly
resolved by the officers and men of the 105th Ohio Volunteers :
1st. That the war was begun by a slaveholding aristocracy, who planted
upon ihe negro, deemed themselves too good for democratic institutions, and
is waged by that aristocracy for the purpose of dismembering the Republic,
and erecting out of its territory a separate and independent nation.
2d. That to the army has been confided the duty of conserving and pre
serving the United States one and undivided, and that trust shall be exe
cuted at whatever cost.

174 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
3d. That the Fathers who made the Constitution, intended to give the
Government power sufficient to protect itself from a foreign and domestic
foe, and that the Army will construe that Constitution to possess power
ample for that purpose, and execute it, in that construction, against all its
foes. 4th. That we regard as public enemies those persons in the loyal States
who are seeking to create dissensions, and interpose constitutional quibbles
against the prosecution and management of the war, and that they are only
professing respect for that Constitution to enable them to prostitute its
forms for the aid of the rebellion, and for the final humiliation and destruc
tion of the nation.
5th. That the preservation of the integrity of the nation, and the honor
of its arms, is paramount to all other considerations, and that we will never
leave this soil until the last rebel is dead, or bows in honest submission to
the authority of the United States, and the foundations of the Temple of
Liberty are laid anew upon the basis of Democratic equality; that beneath
Its shadows generations of a better race may celebrate the achievements of
the armies of the Republic.
6th. That the policy of the administration in the conduct and manage
ment of the war, is most heartily approved, and that we welcome to our
assistance armed bodies of men of whatever color, who will aid us more
speedily to rid the country of that aristocracy, who, ungrateful for its
blessings, are waging a causeless war for the destruction of the nation.
7th. That we are proud of the noble patriot, who, as Governor of our
beloved State, sustains the Government with a heart— divided only by his
watchful care for the wants of the Ohio volunteer.
8th. That with the most exalted confidence in the President, in the
Secretary of War, and the generals over us, we resolve, lastly, That every
achievement of the army shall be laid upon the altar of an undivided
country, and redound to the glory and lasting permanency of free institu
tions ; and that inspired by this, we will endure without a murmur, whatever
of hardship or exposure may await us, until the nation's last foe shall
breathe no more, and final victory bring enduring peace.
Headquarters 105th Ohio,
Murfreesborough, Tenn., 17.
I hereby certify that the above is a true copy of the series of resolutions
unanimously adopted by the officers and men of the 105th Ohio Regiment, on
dress parade, February 16, 1863. Lieutenant A. M. Robbins,
Adjutant 105th Ohio.

XIV.

GOBBLED.
OBBLED ! That was the term ap
plied to those detachments on
which the enemy's raiders swept
down in overwhelming force and
through surprise or overwhelming
numbers made resistance vain or
impossible. The Thousand was
one of the many regiments to have
this opprobrious term applied to
it because of the surprise of a detachment belonging to it.
It is a curious thing that this surprise resulted from obedi
ence to the explicit commands of its colonel who though
the most alert and careful of commanders, was possessed
with a very strong desire to outdo others. This desire, ac
companied with a belief induced by the representations of
a trusted follower, that there was no enemy in our imme
diate front, led to the unfortunate mishap it is now our duty
to record. If Morgan had little opportunity to make long
raids after the advance of our army to Murfreesborough, and
the winter rise of the Cumberland river, he made abundance
of short and audacious ones. Along our whole left, from
the Manchester pike to the Cumberland river, his restless
partisans were ever ready to take advantage of any leas
opportunity. Fully informed of every movement as they
were by sympathizers within our lines, they pounced now
upon a picket, now upon a train, and again on an unwary
post. After chasing him for months, the Thousand found
him one day when they least expected that pleasure. In
175

176 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
the gray dawn of a January morning, a forage party left its
camp. It represented the brigade, though the detail was
from the Thousand, except the wagons and drivers. It
numbered one hundred and twenty men, under the command
of a captain with two lieutenants.
At that time, foraging meant only the procurement of
corn and fodder for the animals ; no supplies for the army
itself were obtained in this manner. Until within a very
brief period, each brigade commander had sent out his
trains for this purpose, with such guards as he deemed
necessary. In many cases, in order to secure a quick
advance, it had been customary to mount the guards in the
wagons, drive out at a rapid trot, hastily gather and load
the forage, and return before the enemy had time to collect
a force to send against them. Accidents had sometimes
resulted from carrying guns loaded and capped in wagons
n this manner, and orders had been issued that each forage
detail must be composed of a sufficient guard and also a
" loading party of four to each wagon," and that this party
should remain with the wagons, but never be allowed to ride
in them "outside the lines of the army."
The question was, what constituted " the lines? " Was
it the infantry pickets or the cavalry videttes regularly
maintained on all the roads at a distance of a mile or two
beyond ? The detail from the Thousand was what was
termed the "loading party," — one hundred and twenty.
eight men for thirty-four wagons. It was intended to con
stitute part of a larger train which was going out on the
Liberty pike under a heavy guard from Wood's division.
The detail from the Thousand should have been ordered to
report to the officer commanding this train, since it was
only as a part of it that the brigade commander had leave
to send his wagons outside the lines at all. But no such
orders were given the captain in charge. On the contrary,
when the detail reported at brigade headquarters in the
early dawn of the mid-winter morning, that officer was in
formed that the brigade wagon-master had located a partic-

GOBBLED. 177
ularly nice bit of forage out on the Liberty pike, which could
only be secured by "getting ahead" of a. big train which
was going in that direction that morning. The captain in
command was, therefore, charged to leave the train to the
wagon-master's guidance, who had an order directing the
pickets to pass him with train and guard.
This wagon-master occupied an anomalous position at
brigade headquarters. While really a private soldier, h,
apparently enjoyed the confidence of the colonel to quite as
great a degree as his commissioned staff. He was a man of
infinite resource and impregnable assertiveness. His life
had been so full of adventures that a very willing tongue
hardly found time to recount them. He was a survivor of
the Mexican war, in the course of which he had achieved
many marvels. Since the Thousand had been in service,
hardly a day had passed in which he had not been the hero
of some romantic incident. His acquaintance with the
general officers on both sides was remarkable for its extent
and familiarity. As a scout and spy, he went within the
Confederate lines at will; talked with the utmost freedom
with officers of the highest rank ; had hair- breadth escapes
going and coming, and had killed nearly as many " rebs "
as Samson boasted of having slain Philistines ; some were
unkind enough to say with the same weapon. How he
gained such ascendancy over the Colonel, no one has ever
been able to explain. It is scarcely possible that he
believed in the wildly-incredible tale that the wagon-master
told about three female correspondents who served as
troopers in Morgan's command for the mere pleasure of
informing him of the movements of that bold raider; or the
other wondrous narratives with which he was so well sup
plied. Unfortunately, the wagon-master's most remarkable
feats were always performed when no one else was nigh,
and though a redoubtable scout, he took good care not to,
reveal any movements of the enemy which were not already
clearly developed. Altogether, he was a fairly good wagon-
master, a really good forager, and kept the colonel's table

178

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

abundantly supplied with whatever the country afforded.
In short, he was a handy man to have about headquarters —
never handier than on that 21st day of January, 1863.
That this man should be put in virtual command of
the train excited no surprise; and when, after reaching the

Capt. Byron W. Canpield.

Byron W. Canfield was born in Chardon, Ohio, where he was engaged
in business at the outbreak of the war. He enlisted in the 105th Ohio, as
captain of Company E. Was wounded at Perryville, and was in command
of the forage detail captured on the 21st of January, 1863. He was dismissed
from the service without a hearing but afterwards restored by order of the
War Department, it being conclusively shown that instead of violating
orders, he obeyed them literally. He was very popular, and many of the
officers signed a protest against his summary dismissal, though they incurred
the serious displeasure of the brigade commander by so doing. He is now a.
resident of Indianapolis, Indiana.

GOBBLED. 179
picket-line on the pike, where the train had already arrived,
he renewed the Colonel's urgency for haste, and insisted that
the men should be mounted in the wagons, so as to proceed
at a trot to the cavalry outpost, in order to ' ' get ahead of
Wood's train" and gather in the forage he had marked
down, there would not have been a moment's hesitation,
but for the fact that one of the lieutenants accompanying
the detail was a captious fellow, who insisted that the
Colonel had no right to send a train beyond the pickets
without a guard as well as a "loading detail." Some of
the men grumbled also, for it was no pleasant thing to ride
in an empty army -wagon with a canvas cover drawn over the
hoops, along a hard-frozen road, at a sharp trot, on a cold
morning. But the Captain obeyed the orders he had received,
and the men were told off as far as they would go, four to
a wagon, the captious lieutenant being put in the rear wagon
with three men.
The train bounded resonantly over the hard pike at a
brisk rate, the wagon-master riding ahead with three or four
cronies and a lieutenant, Stambaugh, from our battery. None
of the guns were capped and but few of them were loaded.
Some two miles out we climbed a wooded hill, on which the
wagon-master had asserted we were to find the cavalry
vidette. Just as the head of the train reached the top of
the hill, a few shots were fired — two or three, perhaps half
a dozen in all. Then all was quiet. The drivers stopped
because the wagons in front were halted. There was no
outcry, no confusion, no orders. Supposing the train had
halted for the purpose of forming the detail as a guard, the
lieutenant in the rear wagon scrambled out and ordered his
men to form in line and load their guns. It is a matter of
some seconds to charge a muzzle-loader with cold, numbed
fingers. Before it was accomplished, men in blue overcoats
came riding along the train. The wagons started on. The
officer supposed these were some of the mounted men who
rode in advance with the wagon-master.
" What are the orders?" he asked.

180 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
"Surrender!" was the reply, and he found himself
looking into the muzzles of three or four cocked revolvers.
The lieutenant glanced around at his men. Their guns
were not yet loaded; their bayonets were in their scabbards.
It was useless to resist — there were no means of resistance.
His sword, which he had drawn when ordering his men in
to line, lay across his arm. The demand for his surrender
was repeated; a shot whizzed past his ear. The enemy
outnumbered his little squad four to one. He gave his
sword a toss into the thicket, turned and clambered into the
rear wagon, now again in motion. The whole affair had
not occupied two minutes, perhaps not one.
Colonel Hutcheson, of Morgan's command, with a
hundred and sixty men, wearing the blue overcoats of
Federal soldiers, had surprised and captured the vidette,
and prepared an ambuscade on the wooded hillside for the
train they evidently expected. The mounted party in ad
vance had ridden confidingly up to a group of blue-clad
soldiers on the pike, whom they took to be the Federal
vidette, only to find themselves confronted by Confederate
revolvers. The shots fired were a signal for the troopers,
hidden in the woods on either side, to close in on the train.
They quickly covered the drivers with their pistols, and
¦ordered them to drive on. There was no opportunity to
learn the number of our captors, and no chance to resist
them if we had known. We were practically as helpless as
if bound hand and foot. A few of the men crawled out of
the wagons and escaped — perhaps half a dozen in all. The
Colonel had yielded to the wagon-master's importunity; the
Captain had obeyed the Colonel's orders, and the Lieutenant
had obeyed the Captain's. We had got "ahead of Wood's
train," and Morgan had "got ahead" of us. So we dashed
on at a sharp trot toward the enemy's lines and the prisons
of the Confederacy.
The men were paroled and released at McMinnville. The
officers were kept a day or two in the house of a scholarly
Unionist who had been compelled to seek safety within our

GOBBLED. 181
lines. The Confederates had scattered his fine library, each
one taking whatever he chose, and throwing the others on
the floor. Out of the debris the Lieutenant rescued three
volumes smeared with red clay from the boots of careless
troopers. These he was permitted to carry with him into
the prison to which the officers were sent, probably because
they were written in Spanish, and so of little interest to
those having us in charge. They served to lighten many a
weary hour in Confederate prisons.
The wagon-master escaped during the night, before
reaching McMinnville, found his way back to camp, and
made a formal report, the glittering inaccuracies of which
showed how well fitted he was for a much higher position.
It gave a thrilling account of his own achievements ; told
how he ' ' emptied three saddles" with his revolver, and
finally engaged Colonel Hutcheson in a hand-to-hand con
test with his saber, actually " disarming him." What more
he might have done, there is no telling, had not that officer,
in rapt admiration of his desperate valor, exclaimed: "For
God's sake, sir, do not throw away your life!" Yielding to
this pathetic appeal, the wagon-master surrendered, and so
lived to make the report which is the only bit of official his
tory that has been preserved in regard to the matter. Cur
iously enough, its says nothing about the Colonel's orders to
"get ahead" of the other train. On the contrary, it de
clares that the Captain ordered his men into the wagons dur
ing the wagon-master's absence, quite ignoring the fact that
neither officers nor men desired to ride in the cramped, lum
bering army-wagons in such weather, and that the only rea
son for mounting them was the need of haste to enable us
to reach the cavalry outposts in advance of the larger train,
in order that the forage the wagon-master had spied out
might be secured.
Acting upon this report, while Captain Canfield was still
a prisoner-of-war, without any hearing or opportunity for de
fense whatever, he was dishonorably dismissed the service,
the department commander expressing regret at his inabil-

182

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

ity to ' ' inflict the extreme penalty of the law upon one
so deserving an ignominous death." At the same time, the
commanding general took occasion to exonerate Colonel Hall
from "all blame or censure" in connection with the affair.
Things turn out queerly in war, sometimes. The Cap
tain was a brave officer, who had never shown any inclina
tion to skirk a duty or disobey an order. A bullet had
plowed along the parting of his hair at Perryville with
out in any wise disturbing his composure. What interest had
he in headlong speed,
and why should he order
his grumbling men into
wagons that freezing
morning? Yet the sub
altern was guilty of a
crime worthy of death,
and the superior officer
exonerated even from
censure ! Why not?
The superior prepared
the evidence on which
the finding was based.
There was no court of
inquiry, and the subor
dinate was not permitted
to be heard. In fact,
he was then an inmate
of the famous Libby
Prison, and the news went near to ending his life. When
the matter came to be reviewed by the War Department, the

Lieut. Alonzo Chubb.

Alonzo Chubb was born in Pittsford, Monroe County, N. Y., October
25, 1823; moved with his parents to Michigan in 1838; learned the printer's
trade and afterwards engaged in carriage making in Detroit. Moved to
Painesville, Ohio, in 1852, and was engaged in manufacturing wagons when
the war began. He recruited by far the greater number of Company D, of
which he was made 2d lieutenant. He was captured with the train near
Murfreesborough, Tenn. , January 21, 1863. and was for several months con
fined in rebel prisons at Atlanta and at Libby Prison at Richmond, Va. He
was wounded at the battle of Perryville and again at Chickamauga, and

GOBBLED. 183
dismissal was annulled, the department holding that the
captain obeyed orders, and ought not to be held responsible
for the consequences.
From one point of view, this mishap of the Thousand
was a great blessing to the army of which it was a part.
Six days afterward, the general commanding issued a
general order regulating foraging and forbidding the
very things which were before permitted. An attempt was
made to compel the men who had been captured to return
to duty in violation of their paroles, which it was contended,
were in some manner irregular. The men protested that
they ought not to be compelled to violate their oaths, but
this manly protest was unheeded. It was an unpleasant
episode — just as needless and inexcusable as the great
slaughter for which the general himself was responsible
eight months after that very day. But there is a vast
difference between the punishment which is fit and proper
for a captain of the line and a major-general — an act
which makes him who wears two bars upon his shoulders
"richly deserving an ignominous death," is at best, only
an error of judgment, which it is almost an offense to impute
to the wearer of two stars.
The following account of this unfortunate event by Cor
poral Bliss Morse, of company D, is given especially because
resigned in November, 1863. He moved to Ionia County, Mich., in 1864; to
Manistee County in 1867, where he has since resided. He has been supervisor
of his town, Probate Judge of the county, and is now Justice of the Peace
and Sunday-school Superintendent, and hopes to celebrate his golden wedding
In 1896. His portrait taken at seventy-one seems hardly older than when he
was in service.
In his army life, Lieutenant Chubb did not always decline to partake of
Intoxicating beverages. He had lost the two middle fingers of one hand, and
his favorite jest when asked to imbibe was to put this hand, with only the
first and little finger on it, beside the glass and say, " Only two fingers, if you
please!" The joke was always new and usually convulsing. On the way
from Atlanta to Richmond as a prisoner of war, the officer in whose charge
we were, a genial Confederate captain, was so enamored of its fun, that he
must needs have Lieutenant Chubb out at every station where he stopped
long enough to visit a saloon, to show the Yankee method of measuring a
drink. The " persimmon whisky," which abounded in the Confederacy made
this a trying ordeal to the lieutenant, but the efforts he made to entertain his
host were at least commendable. It must be admitted that the favor showed
to him greatly excited the envy of his compagnons de voyage.

184 THE STORY OF A TIIOUSANJ).
the enlisted men among the survivors desire to express their
appreciation of the course of General John H. Morgan in
ordering their release on parole and, in particular, the kind
ness of Captain John H. Green, under whose charge they
were in the march to Carthage, on the Cumberland river:
"On the morning of January 21, 1863, when the detail
was made, as we stood in line before his quarters, Colonel
Hall said:
"Boys, you ought to be good for five hundred of them
—infantry against cavalry — every time!"
So we might have been, had we been on foot. His re
mark shows that he was conscious of the danger of sending
us out in advance of Wood's train.
Into the wagons we got — some of our guns were loaded,
some not, I think; but we rode along pretty full of glee.
Just before we got to that cedar forest where we were sur-
¦ prised, we passed on our left a few cavalry dressed in our
uniform. I believe they were Rebs. They seemed to be
estimating our number, looking at us closely, riding slowly.
I think they returned to their command around that cluster
of cedars. These men had our overcoats on and that dis
armed suspicion. When the train stopped the cavalry
rode down the line revolvers in hand, shouting: "Sur
render!" surrender!" I think the transfer was made rapid
ly. I rode in the same wagon with Captain Canfield,
Lieutenant Chubb and I have always thought you were in the
same wagon, too; but in that I must be mistaken, I suppose.
We rode, I should think about twelve miles, to where
a road went to Liberty, there Captain Canfield, Lieutenant
Chubb and yourself were separated from us; our arms were
also turned over. The iron around the hoof's of those
mules went clickety-clack over that twelve miles of pike, as
fast as I ever rode. The coming night was my first exper
ience in mule-riding. At Smithfield, we got some bread
and meat to eat about midnight. We then resumed our
ride, continuously all night and until next day noon when
we reached McMinnville. We were quartered in the Court
House. As we rode in, an old gray-bearded man said:

GOBBLED. 1S5
"Uncle Sam is a good Quartermaster for we'uns!"
The mules and wagons were corralled. (One of those
very wagons we got back at Jonesboro, near Atlanta. )
We stayed Thursday night. Friday night we were
paroled and in the afternoon were on our way with escort
to our lines near Carthage on the Cumberland River. That
Friday evening at midnight, we camped among the hills ;
some fat bacon and flour was issued to us for supper. We
made a dough of the flour wet with bacon fat, then we
wound it on sticks, some on staves or boards, and baked it
by the fire. Saturday afternoon we had dinner of corn
bread and meat, just the same fare as the officers in com
mand. When we came to streams too deep to wade, we
mounted on the horses behind our "brothers in gray. " Sat
urday night we stayed at a church-house near Alexandria,
Tenn. The captain in command sat up all night and wrote
each of us a separate parole. As we were travelling along
Sunday morning, a little ahead of our escort, — (for we were
under very good officers) Jackson, Sill and myself, stopped
at a little log house for something to eat. A man and his
wife lived there ; they had eaten their breakfast; some bread,
turnips, potatoes and the shank of a ham was what was
left. We were welcomed kindly. As we ate, the wife
stood by her husband's side — looking up to him she said:
"John, doesn't it give you great satisfaction to feed
these men?" In that log house, with that affectionate look
and tone, I have often thought marriage was not a failure.
Passing along toward the river, we met an old woman
who said:
"God bless, you, boys! I have a boy in your army."
We were ferried over the Cumberland River at Carthage.
The officer commanding the escort made us a little speech,
saying he had tried to treat us just as he would like to be
treated were he a prisoner, but if he met us on the field of
battle, would fight us as hard as ever. We gave him three
cheers and thanked him. We then made our way to
Louisville, a few to Camp Chase; some were returned to

186 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
their regiments from Louisville. Rosecrans did not regard
their paroles. "*
* The following is a copy of the parole given to one of our enlisted men
and the order of General Rosecrans in regard thereto:
Headquarters Morgan's Division,
McMinnville, Tenn.
I, the undersigned, belonging to the United States Army, having been
taken prisoner by the Confederate States Cavalry, under General John Mor
gan, in consideration of my being released on parole (whereof this is my
witness), do solemnly swear not to bear arms against the Confederate States
during the present war until regularly exchanged, under penalty of death;
nor will I disclose anything that I have seen or heard in the Confederate Army
to its prejudice.
Sworn to before me this 23d day of January, 1863. By order of General
John H. Morgan. (Signed) Albert A. Champlin,
Private Company ¦' E " 105th Ohio Vols.
Teste : Jno. H. Green, Captain and A. A. A. G.
Headquarters Department of the Cumberland,
Murfreesboro, April 16, 1863.
Special Field Order No. 103. EXTRACT.
Albert A. Champlin, Company E, 105th Regiment of Ohio Vols., having
been captured by the enemy, paroled and set at liberty without the delivery
required by the Cartel agreed upon by the Government of the United States
and the Confederate authorities for the exchange of prisoners during the
existing war, cannot be claimed by the Confederates as a prisoner of war, and
is, by their failure so to deliver, released from parole, and will report for
duty with his command.
By command of Major-General Rosecrans. H Thrall, Capt. and Asst. Adj't-Gen'l

XV.
MILTON.
THE time came when Colonel Hall
had an opportunity to pay the Con
federate raider for the chagrin and
disappointments that he had suffered
at his hands. Just two months after
the capture of the forage train, the
Second brigade was ordered to recon-
noiter our left front. The brigade,
still composed of our old companions in
arms, and a company of the First Middle
Sergt. L. N. Parker, Tennessee cavalry, marched north to
1863 Cainesville, and the next morning
turned sharply eastward and advanced by a rough country
road to Statesville, from which the enemy was dislodged,
but fell back only a short distance when he took a favor
able position and offered battle.
Satisfied that he was confronted by an overwhelming
force, Colonel Hall withdrew his little army, not on the
direct road to Milton, but to Auburn, thinking to induce
the enemy to believe that he intended to retire by way of
Readyville. Morgan, who had a theory that the safest
road to take is that along which an enemy has just marched,
set out the next morning by the direct road to Milton to
make a raid across the Lebanon pike. So he reported, at
least, but some doubt is thrown upon his purpose by the
demonstration he made in our rear and his oft-repeated
anxiety to "get a whack," as he phrased it, "at Hall's
187

188

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

brigade," whose commander had irritated him by some
siighting allusions, in published communications.
It must be confessed that the Confederate raider had
received scant courtesy at the hands of our colonel, who

V ; ; ¦' -¦^Jri » JjiK\ \±% >¦ ^*"' ¦ .'

•J'

*-\. '

was not a little inclined to find his way into print, reporting
his movements to the public as wfcll as to his superiors,
often with somewhat uncomplimentary allusions to his oppo-

MILTON. 189
nent. Some of these had stung the dashing Confederate
leader, and both he and his officers were anxious to give
battle to the Second brigade. It is not strange that such
taunts on the part of one who had thus far enjoyed small
opportunity to prove his military skill or the prowess of his
command, should annoy the great raider, who could justly
boast that, month by month, for more than a year, his com
mand had cost the Federal government a hundred times as
much to replace the stores he destroyed as its support
had cost the Confederacy. So he repaid the colonel's jeers
in kind, but waited impatiently for the time to come when
he should have a chance to take a sweeter revenge.
They were not the only men who seemed to think vitup
eration an important element of warfare. One of the most
interesting features of that wonderful collection known as
the "Official Records of the Union and Confederate" armies
is the hearty good will with which even officers high in rank
belabored their opponents with the pettiest diatribe and the
most absurd recrimination. One finds it in the most unex
pected places — in orders and reports, as well as in letters
and despatches published for popular effect. Some Federal
generals spoke only of "rebs, " while some Confederates
refer to their opponents only as "Yanks" or "Yankees."
There were a few who seem to have been too much absorbed
in fighting their enemies to have had time for berating them,
but some of the best soldiers were also the sturdiest detrac
tors. Both Morgan and the colonel of the Thousand might
have found good examples among their respective superiors.
However, ' ' he laughs best who laughs last, " and the time
had come when our colonel would get the better of the blue-
grass raider in deeds as well as in words. The pleasure of
beating John Morgan in a fight of his own seeking, and with
an inferior force, was to be his.
The colonel was informed of his opponent's movement
almost as soon as it began, whether through one of the
wagon-master's female correspondents, who, as he solemnly
avouched, not only wore trousers and rode with Morgan, but

190

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

left letters for him in hollow stumps and knot-holes where,
only an eye of preternatural keenness would find them;
whether these fair, false ones, whom some were so incredu
lous as to deem purely mythical, gave the information which
started us on that early morning march to Milton or not, it
would be hard to determine ; but the wagon-master has not
refused to admit that he was inside the Confederate lines
that night, while others thought him asleep, and that he
learned thereby all the
plans and purposes of
the Confederate leader.
Personally, the writer
believes the information
came from a detachment
of Morgan's command
whom he sent out to en
gage our rear, while he
pushed forward with his
main body on the Milton
road to intercept us.
This force ran into a
vidette of Captain Black
burn's company of Ten
nessee cavalry, which had
been posted just a little
out of Statesville to give
information of the enemy's movements. The colonel
was, perhaps, occasionally inclined to lay undue stress
on the hypothetical, but he was always vigilance
itself. Sometimes, we thought the bullet that grazed his

Comrade L. Newton Parker.

L. Newton Parker was born January 27, 1842, in Wayne, Ashtabula
County, Ohio. He was educated at district schools with the exception of two
terms at Oberlin, and one term at Kingsville Academy; taught district
schools and worked on farm, until enlisted in 105th O. V. I., August 8, 1862;
was twice wounded at Perryville: stunned (entirely senseless for a time)
by exploding shell at Milton, March 20, 1863 ; was mustered out with regi
ment as first sergeant of Company I; has been twice elected township
clerk, twice Justice of the Peace, three times assessor, once county sur
veyor. He was never absent from his command except while in hospital

MILTON. 191
cranium at Shiloh interfered with his dreams, and called his
sleeping men to arms, when there was little need ; but it is
certain that no enemy could ever come near a camp of his with
out being discovered, unless they came with wings. So by day
light we were on the move. Then appeared the good results of
our long marches and fruitless chasing after Morgan. We
were matched that morning against his Kentucky thorough
breds, and beat them into Milton, eight miles away. It is
true the head of his column reached the junction of the two
roads just outside the town a little before we did, but our
advance regiment was on the heels of our cavalry, and Har
ris' guns well up to the front. It looked for a time as if
the enemy might attack us then and there ; but we pushed
on through the town in the early morning, and took position
at Vaught's Hill, a wooded eminence, three-quarters of a
mile beyond.
The enemy advanced to the attack before the regiments
were all in position, but the battery held them in check un
til our formation was complete. The Eightieth Illinois had
the right; the One Hundred and Fifth Ohio supported the
battery upon the pike ; the One Hundred and Twenty-third
Illinois was on the left-center, and the One Hundred and
First Indiana on the extreme left.
The military instinct of the colonel commanding the
brigade was shown in the instant selection of this splendid
position, and a life full of soldierly promise reached its
climacteric on that bright spring morning, when, sitting on
his horse on the wooded slope of Vaught's Hill, he posted
his brigade, almost without the aid of the staff officers, his
magnificent voice echoing above the din of the opening

from wounds, after Perryville. He kept a diary during the whole term of
service ; wrote it out more fully soon after the close of the war and was care
ful to note each day's movements and position. To this journal and also to
Comrade Parker for assistance no other man could have rendered, the
author is under great obligations and the reader in debt for the character
of this work.
We are fortunate in being able to present two views of this esteemed
comrade— one while he yet wore the chevrons and one as he appears today —
the Mentor of the Survivor's Association.

192 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
battle. His whole force numbered only fourteen hundred
men, while the enemy had at least twenty-five hundred. He
was fourteen miles from Murfreesborough. Seeing him
self thus outnumbered, he dispatched a courier for
reinforcements, with the assurance that he could hold
the position as long as his ammunition lasted. Lest
this supply should fail, the men were instructed to hold
their fire until the enemy were within close range. This
comparative silence of the infantry, no doubt, led the enemy
to over-rate his advantage. He dismounted his cavalry,
threw forward a strong line of skirmishers, and forming in
their rear, charged again and again the left of our line.
Once it wavered, but the arrival of three companies of the
Eightieth Illinois held it firm.
For more than three hours the firing was very sharp,
the enemy being repulsed in several assaults ; then seeing
the futility of attempting to carry the position before the
arrival of reinforcements, his loss being very heavy, includ
ing General Morgan, one of his colonels, and two lieutenant-
colonels among the wounded, he 'withdrew, leaving four
captains, two lieutenants, and sixty-three men dead or mor
tally wounded upon the field. His loss was estimated at
about three hundred in all. He himself reported it ' ' very
severe especially in officers. " Our loss was six killed,
forty-three wounded, and seven missing. Captain Buskirk,
a very popular officer of the One Hundred and Twenty-third
Illinois, was the only officer lost on our side. One of the
missing, a member of the Thousand, was captured, and after
several months in Confederate prisons, was finally ex
changed, and drowned, by the explosion of a boiler on a
Mississippi steamer on his way home.
Soon after the fighting had ceased, General Minty with
two brigades of cavalry came up. They made a reconnais
sance beyond the town of Milton without finding the enemy.
On our return, we were greeted with much enthusiasm as
the "fellows who had beaten Morgan."
This battle was of no great consequence either in num-

MILTON. 193
bers or results, but it was a very gratifying incident to the
brigade and especially to the Thousand and their colonel.
It was not only a defeat of an old elusive enemy, and a vic
tory against overwhelming numbers, but it was one secured
by the skill of the commander and the quiet confidence of
his men. In all its elements, this little affair was peculiarly
picturesque and romantic. It wiped away the stain in
curred by the surprise of his forage train and placed the
colonel's feet securely on the ladder of deserved promotion.
Had not death intervened, there is little doubt that he would
soon have received the star he coveted as well as the brevet
which came just in time to give eclat to his obsequies.
Of this engagement Colonel Hall made the full and
characteristic report to General Reynolds commanding the
Fifth Division Center, Army of the Cumberland, which is
given below:
Sir— Having completed the reconnaissance begun on the 18th instant, I
hereby report the operations of my command.
I left camp with two days' rations in the haversack and two on pack-
mules, with the following force: One hundred and twenty-third Illinois
Infantry, Colonel James Monroe, commanding, 18 officers and 313 enlisted
men; Eighteenth Illinois Infantry, Colonel Thomas G. Allen, commanding, 18
officers and 365 enlisted men ; One hundred and first Indiana Infantry, Lieut. -
Col. Thomas Doan, commanding, 19 officers and 353 enlisted men ; One hundred
and fifth Ohio, Lieut. -Col. William R. Tolles, commanding, 18 officers and 245
enlisted men ; one section of the Nineteenth Indiana Battery, Captain S. J.
Harris, commanding, and Company A, of Stokes' cavalry, Captain (Joseph H.)
Blackburn commanding, giving me a total strength of infantry of a little over
1,300. My orders were to "reconnoiter the enemy and strike him, if the
opportunity offers."
On the night of the 18th, I occupied Cainsville, taking two prisoners;
making that night an unsuccessful effort to surprise a small rebel camp and
failing by the mistake of a guide.
Early next morning I took the Statesville road, finding the enemy's
pickets; captured two of them. At Statesville my advance was met by a
force of 150 or 200 rebel cavalry; a slight skirmish took place here, in which a
sharpshooter from the One hundred and fifth Ohio mortally wounded one of
(J. M.) Phillips' rebel cavalry. The enemy retired slowly down Smith's Fork
toward Prosperity Church, on the pike. I followed very cautiously, skirm
ishing the ravines, and upon reaching the pike wounded two of Smith's
(Eighth) Tennessee cavalry and captured one. Half a mile from this spot,
down the valley toward Liberty, a regiment of rebel cavalry, re-enforced by
those whom I had driven from Statesville, was in line of battle across the
valley. A small cavalry picket was also on the pike toward Auburn. I rested
my command at Prosperity Church about two hours.
Becomi."'* entirely satisfied that a large rebel force, under Morgan's com
mand, was massed in the vicinity, and that I should be attacked by them the

194 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
next day at the farthest, 1 determined to choose my own ground for the
engagement, and accordingly at dusk I moved my command to the high
ground to the rear of Auburn, bringing me three miles nearer Murfrees
borough, leaving the rebel regiment wholly unmolested, hy skirmishing my
way to Auburn with forty or fifty rebels, whom I found had occupied the
place during the afternoon. Of this force I wounded one or two, and they
retired on the Woodbury road. That night the enemy's pickets confronted
mine on every road leading from my position, and a large force advanced in
the night from toward Liberty and encamped in the vicinity of Prosperity
Church. Knowing that the enemy largely outnumbered me. I determined to
draw him as near Murfreesborough as possible, and to reach a fine position
near Milton, seven miles from my Auburn camp.
I moved at light, and upon reaching the high ridge, three miles from
Auburn, halted twenty minutes to fill canteens and view the enemy's advance.
He was two miles behind me, but showed himself in no great force. Making
on this ridge some demonstrations which would indicate a purpose to stay
there, I dropped suddenly down the slope toward Milton, and passed three
and a half miles of open, level country, at a quick but steady step, occupying
one hour, bringing me through Milton with the head of my column within
500 yards of the spot I desired to reach. Throwing two companies of the
One hundred and twenty-third Illinois and half of Blackburn's company of
cavalry into the edge of the town as skirmishers, and posting lookouts on my
flanks and rear, I put a Napoleon into position, stacked arms, and awaited
the enemy's pleasure. In twenty minutes his advance was visible in the
angle of the pike, beyond Milton, about 1,500 yards away, and was promptly
scattered by a shell from Harris. A few minutes later the enemy advanced.
dismounted, and attacked my skirmishers in the village. By this time a
large force was visible, and two heavy columns began passing, one to my
right and one to my left, on the gallop. At this moment I started three mes
sengers to the general to apprise him of my whereabouts, and to ask him for
a re-enforcement of cavalry. Placing the Eightieth Illinois into position to
take care of my right, and the One hundred and first Indiana my left, I drew
my skirmishers gently back, re-enforcing them with three more companies of
the One hundred and twenty-third Illinois, so as to cover the center, and set
Harris to shelling each column as it passed, supporting his guns by the One
hundred and fifth Ohio. As the heavy flank movements of the enemy made
it necessary, I drew the whole command slowly back, converging my flank
regiments to a line with my center along the top of the hillock, where I had
determined to make a stand. The heavy column passing to my left was two
or three times cut in two by Harris, but from the nature of the ground was
enabled to pass out of range. The column on my right was forced to come
nearer and run the terrible gauntlet of Harris' fire, which killed and wounded
them at every shot, and finally ran against a volley from the Eightieth
Illinois, which killed and wounded some thirty men and eight horses, and
but for an unwarrantable delay on the part of the officer commanding the
Eightieth Illinois, in giving his men orders to fire, would have been substan
tially destroyed. As it was, the terrible raking given it by the artillery, and
the volley from the Eightieth Illinois, which it finally received, quite effectu
ally extinguished its valor and boldness, so that a thin line of skirmishers
and part of Blackburn's little company was all that was necessary to control
them thereafter.
Each of my regiments came into position on the crest, just as I directed,
without confusion or delay ; but there was no time to spare on my left. Here
the enemy dismounted, and advanced with all the precision, boldness, and
rapidity of infantry drill. The blow struck the One hundred and twenty-

MILTON. 195
third Illinois. The first attack was at once repelled ; but the enemy, quickly
re-enforcing his line of skirmishers, renewed it with double force and deter
mination, rapidly advancing his main line. At this moment some confusion
was manifest in the One hundred and first Indiana, but the gallant example
set the men hy their field, line, and staff officers, by the unflinching One
hundred and twenty-third Illinois and the opportune arrival from the right
of five companies of the Eightieth Illinois and one of Harris' guns, enabled
me to check the disorder. Every man returned to his post and fought to the
last. The enemy gained no advantage ; the advance he made by it cost him
dearly. The enemy now opened on my center with four pieces of artillery, and
vigorously attacked my rear, but was repulsed at the rear by Captain (W. S.)
Crowell, with one company of the One hundred and fifth Ohio, and Captain
Blackburn's company, dismounted. The enemy's artillery assisted in driving
the enemy from my rear. The engagement was now general. My line
encircling the hillock, inclosing us within five acres of space, was entirely
surrounded by the enemy, and every reachable spot was showered with shot,
shell, grape, and canister. Meantime Harris was not idle; with one gun
on the crest, he swung it as on a pivot, and swept them in every direction,
and Lieutenant (W. P.) Stackhouse, with the other gun on the pike, swept
everything within his range. Artillery was never better worked. Again
and again the enemy tried to break our devoted circle, and continued the
unequal contest upon me steadily from 11.30 a. m. till 2.15 p. m., when, seeing
it was of no avail, he drew off his cavalry to my front, leaving but a small
force on my flanks; and, desisting from the attack with small-arms, con
tinued to play his artillery till 4.30 p. m., when he finally withdrew it also.
He, however, continued to so occupy the ground outside of my line as to pre
vent me from taking his slightly wounded or the arms left by him. He col
lected the most of them and took away all the men, except those in rifle
range of my lines that were not dead or mortally wounded. The enemy left
upon the field, of men and officers, sixty-three, including four captains and
two lieutenants, dead or mortally wounded ; and from an interview with four
surgeons, left by the enemy, I learned that the wounded carried away cannot
be less than 300, among whom were many officers, including General Morgan,
slightly wounded in the arm ; Colonel (J. W.) Grigsby, arm broken; Lieuten
ant-Colonel (Thomas W.) Napier, thigh broken : Lieutenant-Colonel (R. M.)
Martin, flesh wound in the back and many officers of lower rank. I am
myself satisfied, from a personal examination of the ground, that the
enemy's loss is not less than 400. To this could easily have been added a
large number of prisoners if my cavalry re-enforcements had reached me in
due time.
Colonel Minty, of the Fourth Michigan, commanding cavalry re-enforcc-
ments, reached me about 7 p. m., at dark, and after the enemy had wholly
left. I am most credibly informed that Colonel Minty received his order to
re-enforce me at about 1 p. m., and 1 submit to the inquiry of my superior
officers why it should take Colonel Minty six hours to make the distance of
thirteen miles over one of the best roads of Tennessee, The gallant Colonel
Hambright, with his brigade of infantry, reached me within thirty minutes
after the cavalry had reported.
I have brought into camp fifty-three stand of arms, taken from the
enemy, ten prisoners and eight horses. The wounded and prisoners who fell
into our hands represent nine regiments, including three of mounted
infantry, and there were at least three regiments of the enemy held in
reserve during the entire engagement, one mile in front. The total force
of the enemy could not have been less than 3,500. The surgeons declined to

19« THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
¦disclose the force, and one wounded officer placed it at 4,000. Among the
enemy's dead was a mulatto, killed on the advance line, fully uniformed and
equipped. My loss is as follows : Killed, one captain and five enlisted men ;
wounded, one lieutenant and forty-one enlisted men ; prisoner, one enlisted
man ; missing, seven enlisted men.
Of the number wounded but few are serious, and many will not need
hospital treatment. The missing were all inside the lines when the engage
ment began. They undoubtedly ran away to the rear, and are either captured
or are in the woods on the way to this camp.
The detailed reports of regimental commanders are forwarded herewith,
together with a plan of the route passed over and of the field of battle.
I directed the citizens to bury the rebel dead and brought my own
Into camp.
The hard fighting of the day was done by the One hundred and first
Indiana and the One hundred and twenty-third Illinois, but I feel profoundly
thankful for the prompt and gallant co-operation which every officer of the
command gave me, and too much praise cannot be given to the men of the
entire command for their soldierly conduct. Captain W. R. Tuttle, of the
One hundred and fifth Ohio, my acting assistant adjutant - general, and
Lieutenant Sandford Portner, of the One hundred and first Indiana, my
aide-de-camp, rendered me the most valuable assistance on every part of
the field. Captain Blackburn, of the First Middle Tennessee Cavalry,
deserves special praise for his daring and efficient conduct during the scout
and engagement. I desire also to make special mention of Private J. H.
Blackburn, Company A, First Middle Tennessee Cavalry, for the prompt and
intelligent execution of my orders in bearing my dispatch from the point of
attack to division headquarters, at Murfreesborough, and also of Private
Edward Potter, Company E, One hundred and fifth Ohio, for the faithful and
prompt management of my train of pack-mules, so placing them that not an
animal was lost, and for his valuable assistance as an orderly on the field.
I have the honor to be, very truly, your obedient servant, A. S. Hall,
Colonel, Commanding Sec nd Brigade

XVI.
A MIDSUMMER JAUNT.
T was the 24th of June when
the campaign against the Con
federate position at Tullahoma
opened. Grant had Pemberton
by the throat in Vicksburg, hav
ing intervened between him and
Johnston with whom lay the
only hope of relief of the be
leaguered city. Lee had just
entered Maryland for a second trial of his curious strategic
hobby, an advance upon the rear of Washington, Baltimore,
and Philadelphia, by the upper fords of the Potomac, with
no other possible means of egress from the enemy's ter
ritory. Two of the chief armies of the Confederacy were thus
in mortal peril. It was essential that the third, which was
under Bragg, at Tullahoma, should not be allowed to detach
any considerable force to the assistance of either. Under
these circumstances, General Rosecrans was peremptorily
ordered to advance.
The enemy held what has been called "the line of
Duck river." Properly, it was no line at all, merely a posi
tion with two exposed flanks and a range of hills with some
what difficult passes in front. These passes were too far
apart to admit of mutual support by the forces holding
them, in case of attack on either, and did not converge
upon a common center within supporting distance, so as to
constitute an effective line of defense. The position was
197

198

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

essentially weak, also, in the fact that the enemy might
turn either flank without uncovering his own, while at the
same time steadily approaching his objective. Indeed, this
had already been done by General Reynolds, two months

Surgeon John Turnbull.

John Turnbull was born in Cedarville, Greene County, Ohio, March 10,
1840. His grandfather was an officer in the British Navy. He attended the
public schools and Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, Pa., from which
he graduated in the spring of 1861. He immediately enlisted as a private in
Company A, 17th O. V. I., for three months; was promoted to hospital
steward and mustered out after four month's service in West Virginia;
served gratuitously for nearly a year as volunteer assistant surgeon with
65th O. V. I., and the " Minute Men " of 1862. He was appointed assistant
surgeon of the 105th, and joined at Tullahoma, Tenn., July 4, 1863. He had
charge of the health of the regiment from that time until the close of the
war, the surgeon, Dr. Charles N. Fowler, being constantly on detached
service as medical director, At the battle of Chickamauga, Surgeon Turn-
bull was on duty with the regiment during its furious charge. Two men were

A MIDSUMMER JAUNT. 199
before, when he seized McMinnville and should have been
supported by the whole army in holding possession of it.
When, on the 23d of June, McCook advanced toward
Shelby ville on the right, and Crittenden toward McMinn
ville on the left, both threatened the spinal cord of Bragg's
position — the Memphis and Charleston railroad, which ran
in his rear. It was then that the chain of hills behind
which Bragg had sought refuge, after the fight at Stone
river, became a fatal hindrance to the operation of his army.
If he threw his force on Crittenden, McCook would advance
to Huntsville and Thomas would crush his center; if he
attacked McCook, Crittenden would seize Decherd, destroy
the bridges, and prevent the use of the Nashville and Chat
tanooga railroad in his retreat. It is little wonder that
Bragg hesitated. Liberty Gap, in front of McCook, and
Hooker's Gap in front of Thomas, were the salient points in
the ridge of hills in front of Tullahoma. They were only
six miles apart, but each was twenty miles from Tullahoma,
the center of the Confederate line. Both were strongly for
tified; but either might be turned by infantry.
When McCook began his demonstration against the
former, on the 23d of June, a great part of the force hold
ing the latter was withdrawn, so as to be within supporting
distance of the threatened point. Thomas, moving at day
light on the twenty-fourth, with Reynold's division in front,
Wilder's mounted infantry brigade being in the lead, found
Hoover's Gap practically undefended. When Wilder's
skirmishers drove in the pickets, there was a scattering fire,
then a wild clangor of great guns, seemingly fired at

shot while he was dressing their wounds. After the battle was over, he was
left to look after the wounded, was captured, and after two weeks released
and sent through to our lines at Chattanooga. While thus a prisoner, and
serving friend and foe alike, a squad of Confederate cavalry robbed him of
coat, hat, boots, money, case of instruments, all he had, except shirt and
trousers, giving him an old pair of shoes. Because of the resulting exposure,
he was for several weeks i n hospital at Chattanooga in a very critical con
dition. Since the close of the war, Dr. Turnbull has pursued the practice of
his profession at Bell Brook, Ohio. He has been a member of the town
council, president of the Board of Education, and has served the Democratic
party as a legislative candidate.

200 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
random, then a strange silence. What did it mean? Wilder
did not hesitate. Pushing forward his line, he was soon in
possession of the Gap. Rushing on to where a sharp crest
gave a favorable position in rear of the enemy's works, he
posted his brigade on each side of the road, his battery of

Capt. Andrew D. Braden.

Andrew D. Braden, who succeeded Captain Ephraim Kee in command
of Company B, was one of the most justly esteemed officers of the regiment.
Of a rare modesty, he needed to be sought out to be known. He served in
Company C, of the 9th O. V. I., in the three months' service in West Virginia,
and was mustered as First lieutenant of Company B, 105th, with which he
remained until the regiment was mustered out. From September, 1864 until
February, 1865, he was Acting Judge Advocate of Baird's Division, 14th Army
Corps, but remained in command of his company and marched with it. After
the close of the war, he engaged in the practice of his profession, at Canton,
Ohio, where he still resides.- He was appointed postmaster by President
Harrison and served one term.

A MIDSUMMER JAUNT.

201

howitzers upon it, and sent back for reinforcements, while
Harris, with unerring instinct, threw his guns upon two
commanding eminences a little in their rear. Hardly were
these dispositions made when Hardee's columns were
upon them.
The Second brigade was the next in rear of Wilder.
We had been halted where the country road forks toward
Liberty Gap, a mile or more in the rear. The sounds in
our front seemed to have puzzled every one. Off at the
right we heard the
echo of McCook's
guns. It had rained
steadily for hours :
everything was drip
ping wet; the men
held their guns
beneath their arms
under their shining
ponchos. The water
ran off the muzzles.
Hat brims were
turned down ; the
cloaks of the horse
men dripped as they
splashed back and
forth in the muddy
road which lay be
tween two yellow
torrents. General
Reynolds threw his
two remaining brigades into half -distance columns on
the left of the road, evidently to make way for those

M. L. Maynard, Mus.

Milton Lewis Maynard was born in Hambden, Geauga County, Ohio,
September 22, 1834. Previous to enlistment, he worked as carpenter, sum
mers, and taught district schools winters. Having a fondness for mathe
matics he devoted much of his attention especially to its higher branches.
He enlisted in Company E. 105th, August 11, 1862, with which he served as
chief musician of the regiment until the close of the war.
There was a firmness and gravity about the man, which commanded the
respect of all, and as his duties brought him into personal relation with

202 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
in the rear. A big oak-tree, low-branching and dense,
grew just at the fork. General Reynolds took position under
it. Staff officers were dashing back and forth; General
Thomas, with his staff and body-guard, came forward at a
sharp trot and joined him. The two talked earnestly together
for a while; then Thomas dismounted, sat down upon a stone
at the foot of the oak, took out his knife, cut a shoot that
grew near, and began to whittle it. Presently, there came
a roar of artillery from the front. Soon the distant rattle
of musketry mingled with it. An aide dashed up, splashed
with mud from head to foot. He reported eagerly to Gen
eral Thomas. That officer heard him, still whittling. Then
he rose, threw the stick away, put his knife in his pocket,
and turned toward Reynolds. We were too far away to
hear his words, but it needed not much acumen to guess
them. He swung himself into the saddle, the two officers
saluted; then bugles sounded, and orders echoed along the
massed columns of Reynolds. In an instant we were on
the march, with Reynolds and his staff splashing along the
muddy road in our front. Back in the hospital the colonel
of the Thousand, tossing on a bed of pain, was bewailing
the fate which kept him from the field of conflict. He had
gathered his last laurels. Colonel Robinson, of the Sev
enty-fifth Indiana, was in command of the Second brigade.
There had been a change in the brigade too. The Seventy-
fifth and Sixty-eighth Indiana had taken the places of our
old brigade companions, the Eightieth and One Hundred
and Twenty-third Illinois. We could hear the steady roar
of the Spencer rifles that had been given to Wilder's

every man in the regiment, he was one of the best known and most highly
esteemed men in the command. It was proper, therefore, that when the
Survivor's Association came to be formed, he should be chosen as its
secretary, which place he has held ever since. Not only has he the confi
dence of his comrades, but his fellow citizens of Geauga County, have also
manifested their esteem for him in electing him County Surveyor for six
consecutive years, and County Assessor for two consecutive terms. He
resides at Chardon, O. blessed with an interesting family, one of whom, is a
veritable "Daughter of the Regiment," having been the honorary secretary
of the Survivors' Association for many years.

30m,/a

Dflivn from ma o'ficiaJ rna.f> l/q Leon J. RoHrins.

/*om Gha-ttG rtoocjiX, — •

A MIDSUMMER JAUNT. 203
men and were first used in action that day, as we double-
quicked along the slippery road to their support. Soon,
we deployed to the right, advancing up a sharp, green
slope, while Lilly's battery, the Eighteenth Indiana,
dashed by us to the front. Regiment after regiment
followed on our left. We reached the top of the
slope, reformed our lines, and moved forward. The lieu
tenant-colonel was on leave, and our major in command. We
entered the wood and found ourselves in rear of one of
Wilder's regiments, which had been sharply engaged with
a force they had already driven back. We passed through
their lines and took position in their front. They had lost
heavily and had exhausted their ammunition. We opened
fire on the enemy, who retired into a wood that lay beyond
a ravine in our front.
There was a splendid battle scene a little to our left,
where Hardee's columns charged again and again the line
which Wilder's repeating rifles held, while battery after bat
tery, and regiment after regiment, hurried up from the rear
to their support. It was in vain ; no force which could have
been hurled against them was sufficient to regain the pass,
which had been lost by the temporary withdrawal of Hardee to
meet the attack upon their left. The darkness fell suddenly,
and we lay upon our arms in the dripping wood, with the
dead and wounded friends and foes about us. The adjutant
had much trouble with his horse, which, in the darkness, he
had unwittingly hitched to a tree against which a wounded
enemy had leaned and died. All night the stout bay
snorted his discomfiture.
In the morning we advanced our skirmishers; the
enemy retired. We had taken a splendidly fortified posi
tion, with the loss of less than a hundred men, and the cam
paign against Tullahoma was virtually at an end. There
after, it was a mere foot-race. The elements favored the
enemy. For nine days it rained continuously. Swollen
streams and bottomless roads delayed our advance across
"the Barrens" in our front, whose soil is a mixture of
quicksand and glue when wet. With the aid of the rail-

204 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
road, Bragg managed to transfer his army safely across the
Tennessee. It was a flight rather than a retreat; guns,
tents, and supplies were abandoned or destroyed. We
entered Tullahoma on the first day of July, without firing
a shot. We tramped on after the fleeing enemy, through the
mud and rain, with the echo of glad tidings in the summer
air, for Grant had taken Vicksburg with the army that held
it, and Lee, shattered and broken at Gettysburg, had with
difficulty won the prize for which he fought — • the privilege
of retreating with heaviness the way he had come hoping
for triumph.

XVII.

A WASTED OPPORTUNITY.
HE campaign against Chatta,
nooga began on the 16th of
August. The army of Rose
crans was the same which a
month before had driven Bragg
out of Middle Tennessee. The
army opposed to it was the one
it had dislodged, plus such rein
forcements as it had received or
might receive from the Confederate armies of the east and the
west. Lee could spare a corps or more. Johnstone, in Missis
sippi, had an army practically out of business, now that Grant
had taken Vicksburg, and the Mississippi river was in the
hands of the Federals from its source to its mouth. All he
could do was to prevent mere aimless raids into the interior,
or guard against an advance on Mobile, which Grant was eager
to undertake, but was not permitted by the myopic Hal-
leck, who was anxious now, as he had been ever since the
fall of Donelson, to keep this young giant of the west from
climbing over his shoulders into supreme command.
Chattanooga, as a defensive position against an enemy
occupying the right bank of the Tennessee, is essentially
weak. An enemy might cross above or below the city, and
might mass his forces to cross at either point without discov
ery. Bragg naturally suppQsjed-that'Burnside, who was coming
through Cumberland Gap, would co-operate with Rosecrans,
and that Gordon Granger, who was concentrating toward
Liberty gap, intended to unite with him and Crittenden in
forcing a passage of the river north of the city.
205

206 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
This theory was confirmed by the activity of Hazen,
who with Wagner's brigade and his own, Minty's cavalry,
and Wilder's mounted infantry, kept such a scurrying to
and fro along the west bank of the Tennessee, as might
well induce the belief that half the Federal army was hid
behind Walden's ridge. Wagner tossed shells into the city
from Moccasin Point; Hazen's men built pontoons at the
mouth of North Chattanooga creek; while the cavalry
scouted up the river as far as London, hunting for Burn-
side's left. Bragg mistook this feint for the serious attack.
It was the 29th of August before everything was in
readiness for the crossing. Crittenden, with his corps, was
in Bragg's old hiding-place, the Sequatchie valley: Thomas
stretched from Battle creek to Bridgeport, and McCook lay
about Stevenson. The crossing was ordered to be made at
these places simultaneously: Reynolds at Shell Mound,
Sheridan at Bridgeport, and McCook at Caperton's; Bren-
nan and Crittenden at the ferries above Shell Mound. For
a week our division, which had become the Fourth Division
of the Army of the Cumberland, instead of the Fifth,
through one of those changes which seemed intended to
prevent all esprit de corps in our army, except Wilder's
brigade, had been lying in the Shelter of Battle Creek valley,
only a small force with Harris' battery showing on the bank of
the river opposite Shell Mound. Several reconnoitering
parties had crossed, and the railroad bridge just above had been
burned. We had captured and built eight flat-bottomed barges
in which to make the crossing. It began on the twenty-ninth,
Colonel King, with a part of his old regiment, the Sixty-
eighth Indiana, in the lead, and continued at the rate of four
hundred men an hour until our division and most of Crit
tenden's corps had been transferred to the left bank of the
Tennessee. Crittenden started direct to Chattanooga by
the railroad, taking post at Wauhatchie, and feeling the
enemy around the nose of Lookout mountain. On the 2d
of September, Burnside's advance and Hazen's scouts
formed a junction at Kingston, and Thomas and McCook

A WASTED OPPORTUNITY. 207
began the ascent of those mountain ranges lying to the
south of Chattanooga. These are the Raccoon, or Sand
mountains, lying between the Tennessee and the valley of
Wauhatchie. This range is ten miles wide at Shell Mound,
and twenty miles wide at Caperton's. To the east of this,
lay the Lookout mountain range, hardly half as wide, but
much more rugged and precipitous, separating the valley of
Wauhatchie from that of Chattanooga creek. Beyond this
latter was Missionary Ridge, a range of sloping hills lying
between Chattanooga creek and West Chickamauga creek.
Between this and that valley of Pea Vine creek are the
Pigeon mountains, at the southern extremity of which is the
town of Lafayette, Georgia; east of these is Middle Chicka
mauga creek, beyond which is Taylor's ridge, whose eastern
slope is washed by the main fork of Chickamauga creek.
The Lookout mountain range and Missionary ridge had
fair roads leading along their sandy crests to Chattanooga.
The valleys of the Wauhatchie, Chattanooga creek, and
West Chickamauga had good roads leading in the same di
rection. Thomas' corps was in front of Dug Gap, twenty
miles from Chattanooga. McCook, at Valley Head, was
forty, and at Alpine forty-three miles from the same
point. On the 4th of September the Thousand began its march
from Shell Mound over the Sand mountains. The weather
was delightful, the autumnal brown of the oaks being re
lieved by the gold of the hickories that grew upon the
slopes and the softer tints of the chestnuts upon the level
plateaus which constituted the summit. The roads leading
eastward were little used — hardly more than cross-country
trails. There were heavy details for pioneer work, but even
the artillery and wagons had to be held by ropes to prevent
them from falling off the steep roadways, while the teams
were doubled at the worst points, making slow work. The
night fell long before we reached the summit; and all night
long, with torches and ropes, and shouts and jests, we
dragged the lumbering wagons up the sharp incline.

20*

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

On the sixth, all of Thomas' corps had reached the top
of Sand mountain. Negley's division was pushed forward
in light marching order, with Baird in support. They
swiftly crossed the Raccoon plateau, down into the valley
of the Wauhatchie, climbed the precipitous side of Lookout

"Soldiers Three."
" This picture is from a photograph of Lieuts. Wallace, Morgaridge and
Tourgee, taken during the course of a dusty march early in July 1863, near
Decherd, Tenn."

in the face of the enemy on the seventh, and on the eighth
seized the fork of the roads which lead into MacLemore's
cove, the one through Steven*' and the other through

A WASTED OPPORTUNITY. 209
Cooper's Gap, the former leading to Dug Gap and the latter
to Catlett's Gap in the Pigeon mountains, on the road to
Lafayette. In the meantime, McCook, with the right, had movtd
by a longer route, but somewhat easier roads, leading from
Caperton's bridge, by Coshtown, toward Valley Head,
Alpine, and Summerville, which latter is only twenty
miles from Rome, Georgia, which itself is but twenty miles
from Kingston on the Chattanooga railroad, the artery on
which Confederate occupancy of Chattanooga depended.
" As soon as we hold that ridge, " said General Thomas,
pointing to the rugged side of the Lookout, ' ' Chattanooga
is ours! "
"And then?"
"Then we will fall back to the river, fortify Chatta
nooga, Bridgeport, Stevenson; put a brigade on the nose of
Lookout; fill these places with supplies, and in the spring,
swing by the right from Guntersville and Caperton's into
the valley of the Coosa a force big enough to handle Bragg,
leaving Burnside and another corps to hold the line of the
Tennessee." "And then?"
" Then Bragg will fall back to Kingston or Atlanta;
but it will be too late. We shall cut the Confederacy in
two again, taking Montgomery and Mobile, — and end the
war! It is folly to act on the offensive in Virginia with
such an opportunity here to pierce the heart of the Con
federacy. "
He spoke to one of his division commanders. A lieu
tenant of the Thousand, who had a request to prefer, which
the latter was kind enough to approve, and had been invited
to accompany him to headquarters, listened wonderingly.
They found the corps commander ready to take horse for a
personal inspection of his advance. The time was inoppor
tune for the request, which was never preferred. It was of
little consequence then; of none at all now.

210 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
Years afterward, this chance conversation served as a
key to unlock the lips of the great soldier who should have
been at the President's right hand — the Von Moltke of the
War of the Rebellion. But the Bayard of the Cumberland
had few friends at court. He thought himself distrusted
because of his southern birth, and scorned to organize a
movement on Washington in his own behalf.
His prediction had not long to wait for fulfillment. On
the eighth, we took possession of Lookout mountain and
the road which ran along its level summit, until twelve
miles away it overlooked the Confederate citadel. Before
even a soldier had time to ride down this mountain highway
and question what his purpose might be, Bragg, sensible of
the folly of trying to hold Chattanooga longer, abandoned
the "Gibraltar of the Confederacy," without striking a
blow in its defense, and marched his army toward Lafay
ette, twenty-four miles distant.
On the ninth, the news of the evacuation of the Con
federate stronghold swept along the valley of Wauhatchie,
erept up the sides of Lookout, greeted everywhere with the
cheers of an exultant army. Before the sun went down,
McCook's men at Valley Head had heard it, and joined their
shouts with our exultation. How the bands played up and
down the valley that night! Why should they not? We had
won a great victory, and driven the enemy from one of the
most important strategic positions he had held, without fir
ing a gun. We had only to march into Chattanooga, take
position along the Tennessee river, connecting with Burn-
side on the left, and retiring McCook either to Caperton's
or by Lookout valley, to compel the enemy to abandon
Tennessee or give battle upon some part of an easily
defended line.
On the 9th of September, the Army of the Cumberland
had accomplished all it had set out to do — all it was pre
pared to attempt. It had only to turn the heads of Tho
mas' columns toward Chattanooga and withdraw McCook
the way he had come, to complete one of the most remark-

A WASTED OPPORTUNITY. 211
able campaigns ever planned. By the fifteenth, all the
trains of the army might have been safely parked in the
valley between Chattanooga and Missionary ridge. Instead
of this, the order was given to push on and "attack the
enemy in flank."
Thomas hurried to protest. He pointed out what had
been won; showed what might be risked; what might be
lost. Here were five fair roads leading to Chattanooga,
less than twenty miles away. In forty-eight hours the
objective of the campaign could be made secure beyond a
peradventure. The army was not prepared for a farther
advance. It was needful to secure its base, its material, its
communications. He pointed out the unfitness of the ter-
raine for an offensive movement toward Lafayette or Rome,
the whole country being rough and broken, cut by trans
verse mountain ranges, with few gaps, and those easily
defensible ; the whole region covered with dense forest or
blinding chaparral; without available roads, except the
few that lead north and south in the valleys and on the
crests; that mutual support of the flanks of the army would
be almost impossible; that the army could only be supplied
through Chattanooga, and must at all events fall back
there within a short time for mere want of subsistence, and
especially that the enemy had the advantage of a railroad
in his rear and could concentrate on either flank in half the
time that would be required to collect a force to meet him.
It was in vain: the triumphant general was drunk with
over-confidence. A good fortune so great as to be almost
incomprehensible made him believe his luck invincible. His
fancy pictured his enemy fleeing in confusion and disorder
along the roads that crossed his front, the remnant rushing
pell-mell to seek safety in Rome. This straggling crowd
of fugitives he fancied he could annihilate by striking them
in the flank with Thomas' and McCook's corps, while Crit
tenden fell upon their rear. Such fatuity was unaccount
able until, months afterward, the Confederate commander

212

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

furnished the key. "War is a game of wits," said a great
soldier, " in which he wins who is able most effectually to
deceive his antagonist."
General Bragg was playing this game of wits. He knew
his opponent's weakness and made it the prime element of
his gambit. He had two instruments with which to carry
out the deception — his army and the ubiquitous deserter.

BY LEAVE OF COATES & CO., PHILADELPHIA.

Gen. George H. Thomas.
He made his army serve his purpose by marching in hot
haste toward Lafayette, until he had crossed West Chicka
mauga creek, and then cunningly hiding behind the wooded
height3 of the Pigeon mountains. The business of the de
serter was to make General Rosecrans believe this headlong
haste was to continue until the rear-guard of his army reached
Rome and the last wagon was parked in the valley of the
Coosa, out of the reach of that military marvel who had

.1 WASTED OPPORTUNITY. 213
"flanked him out of Tullahoma and Chattanooga " as easily
as the hunter flushes a covey he has marked down.
The Confederate deserter was an institution which has
received too little consideration. Taken altogether he was
of far greater service to the southern cause than the best
corps in the Confederate army. He was ubiquitous, wil
ling, and altogether inscrutable. Whether he told the truth
or a lie, he was almost equally sure to deceive. He was
sometimes a real deserter and sometimes a mock deserter.
In either case he was sure to be loaded.
The northern officer was wholly unacquainted with the
character of the southern " poor- white. " With the usual
arrogance of the well -informed, he looked with contempt
on the man who could not read and write; who made small
pretense of tidiness, who spoke the vernacular of the South
with a drawl, and seemed more concerned about his supply
of "terbacker" than the outcome of the war. These men,
simple-minded, but true as steel and cunning as foxes,
needed no padding of pretense to make themselves believed.
They were not thought capable of deception. They came
into our lizes; told the stories they were instructed to tell;
hung about for a while; were sent to the rear or slipped
away ; stayed at home a month or two, and then found their
way back to their regiments.
Bragg's deserters did their work well. On the eleventh
of September the Army of the Cumberland was hopelessly
scattered; Crittenden was at and near Ringgold, twenty miles
from Pond Spring, in front of which lay two divisions of
Thomas' corps. McCook was twenty-five miles to the south
of Thomas. Only the merest accident saved the army of
Rosecrans from being destroyed in detail that day and the
next. Negley and Baird were pushed across MacLernore's
cove on the road to Lafayette. Bragg had laid a pretty
trap for them; but Cleburne was sick; Hindman was slow;
so the attack was not made in time. When it was made,
Negley who did not believe in the demoralized condition of
Bragg's army, seeing himself outnumbered, withdrew from

21-1

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

before Dug Gap. The next day, September 13th, Critten
den, still astride of West Chickamauga creek and beyond
supporting distance from Thomas, was only saved from
annihilation by the fact that Polk did not believe any sane

Colonel Edward A. King.
From a wash drawing done from a photograph by Aimee Tourgee.

Edward A. King, who, as colonel commanding a Brigade of the Fifth
Division of the 14th Army Corps, was killed at tne battle of Chickamauga,
was born in Cambridge, Washington County, State of New York, 1814.
He was a descendant of James King, who settled in Suffteld, Connecticut,
in the year 1678. In early life he emigrated with his father's family to Ohio,
where he subsequently studied law at Columbus and Cincinnati. But his
predilections were decidedly of a military character, and during the Texan
struggle for independence, he raised a company in the City of New Orleans,
reported with his command to General Samuel Houston, and served in Texas
until her independence was acknowledged.
In this service his health became seriously impaired, and he returned to
the United States and took up his permanent residence in Dayton, Ohio.
In 1844 he went to Europe, where he remained until the breaking out of
the war with Mexico, when he returned and offered his services to his
country. President Polk appointed him captain in the 15th Regiment United
States Infantry, in which he served with distinction until the close of the
war. He was with a detachment of his regiment and other troops, under
command of Colonel Mcintosh, in the severe guerilla fight at Tolome, on the
6th of June, 1847, and in the fight under General Cadwallader, at the National
Bridge, June 11th and 12th, 1847. He afterwards participated with his regi
ment in the several bloody battles in the valley of Mexico, under General
Scott, resulting in the capture of the City of Mexico. Colonel George VV.

A WASTED OPPORTUNITY. 215
man would so scatter an army in the presence of an enemy.
He feared a trap and refused to attack, though expressly
ordered to do so and heavily supported.

Morgan commanded the regiment, and General Franklin Pierce the brigade
to which he belonged. After the treaty of peace with Mexico, Colonel King
returned to Ohio, and in the spring of 1849 crossed the plains to California.
Returning again, he was appointed postmaster at Dayton, by President
Pierce, and after the election of President Buchanan the position was again
conferred upon him. So general was the satisfaction given in the discharge
of his official duties, there was no competing applicant lor the place.
For many years, both before and after the Mexican war, Colonel King
took an active part i,n all important matters connected with the militia of
Ohio, and at the outbreak of the War of Rebellion, was colonel of the 1st
Regiment Ohio Volunteer Militia, at Dayton, which city sent several organ
ized and equipped companies into the field. On the 17th April, 1861, the day
of the proclamation of the governor of Ohio calling loyal men to the defence
of their country, Colonel King reported to Governor Dennison, and was
immediately placed in command of Camp Jackson (near Columbus), then
in a chaotic state, but which he soon reduced to form and discipline. He
was subsequently transferred to Camp Chase, where he remained in com
mand until, without solicitation on his part, he was appointed by President
Lincoln, lieutenant-colonel of the I9th regiment United States Infantry, with
headquarters established at Indianapolis. In the summer of 1862, when
Kirby Smith invaded Kentucky, he took, at the request of Governor Morton.
the temporary command of the 68th Regiment Indiana Volunteers, and was
sent to the assistance of Colonel Wilder, at Munfordville, Kentucky, and
participated in that engagement. He was surrendered with his regiment, and
uther bodies of Federal troops, to an overwhelming force. It fell to his lot to
deliver the post to the enemy, and the rebel general, Bucker. who while a
prisoner of war had been in his charge at Indianapolis, treated him with marked
consideration. A beautiful incident connected with this capitulation was afterward dis
closed. The ladies of Greenburg, Indiana, presented the 68th regiment with a
silken flag. It was highly prized, and the regiment was loath to part with it
When it was determined to surrender, Colonel King wrapped the colors around
his body, under his clothing. He wore them thus for thirteen days, saved
them, and the regiment bore them into the bloody fight at Chickamauga.
After the 68th Indiana regiment was exchanged, the command was again
pressed on Colonel King, who (obtaining leave from the War Department for
that purpose) , accepted it. In the summer of 1863, his health, which had been
seriously impaired, becoming somewhat re-established, he again took the field,
and was placed in command of the 1st brigade, General Reynolds' Division,
14th Army Corps, commanded by Geneial Thomas, at the head of which he
distinguished himself during the advance from Tullahoma to northwestern
Georgia, and in the effective crossing of the Tennessee River ; his brigade being
the first troops to cross, and capture Shell Mound, in the face of the enemy-
Just before his death he had been promoted colonel of the 6th Infantry United
States Army. He fell during the second day's fight.
Few men more thoroughly commanded the confidence and respect of all
who knew him than Colonel King. He was a gallant soldier, a ripe scholar, a
good citizen, a man of noble character, and high sense of honor, and whose
love of country was so 'true that he laid down his life at her call.

•210 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
The retreat of Negley with two divisions, served to
half-awaken Rosecrans from his delusive dream. McCook
was called up, but instead of being sent straight through to
Chattanooga by the Lookout valley road, he was ordered
to climb that range and join Thomas in MacLemore's cove.
He arrived on the seventeenth. On the eighteenth the
blow fell. On that day, the Confederate army having con
centrated on its right, crossed West Chickamauga creek
below the left wing of the Federal army and took position
facing westward, east of the road leading from Chattanooga
to Lafayette. Crittenden was posted on this road at its
crossing of West Chickamauga creek. Thomas and Mc
Cook were in the upper part of MacLemore's cove; Granger
was at Rossville. The Confederate general's plan of attack
was to wheel his right so as to intervene between Granger
and Crittenden, overwhelm Crittenden and advance on
Thomas and McCook shut up in the narrow confines of
MacLemore's cove, and either compel them to surrender or
drive them back the way they had come. It was a splendid
scheme, but miscarried, as Bragg's plans were apt to do,
from too great minuteness of direction. At four o'clock of
the eighteenth there did not seem to be a possibility that
the Federal army could escape from the coil the enemy had
cast about it.
Rosecrans' infatuation had well-nigh proved fatal to
his army. Even then, had he known the true condition of
affairs, he would probably have fixed his line of battle at
Rossville where Thomas should have been four days before.
The movement he decided upon, in response to his oppon
ent's initiative, was simply to pass the center corps of his
army in rear of his left by a night march, the right closing
sharply up on it to be used as a reserve. Crittenden lay
along the Lafayette road from its crossing of West Chicka
mauga creek, toward Chattanooga, something like two
miles including the front of Wilder's brigade on his left.
Thomas was ordered two miles to the left of this, to form a
line connecting with it, east of this road. When in posi-

-1 WASTED OPPORTUNITY. 217
tion, this made a line of battle four miles long and neces
sarily weak in many places. Rosecrans still despised his
enemy or he would not have risked the single-line forma
tion which had cost him so dear at Stone's river. The tales
of the deserters were still echoing in his ears, and he
thought Bragg's advance simply the desperate device of a
defeated foe to slip in his rear and cut his communications.
At four o'clock on the afternoon of the eighteenth, the
Thousand lying at Pond Spring, eighteen miles from Chat
tanooga, received orders to be ready to march with three
days' rations. Already the movement had begun: Baird's
and Brannan's divisions were marching northward. Just
at sundown, two brigades of Reynolds' fell in behind them;
Palmer followed us, in the rear of whom was Negley, while
McCook closed up on the rear of Thomas. It was a weird
march over rough woods roads. A cold wind blew from
the north. Where there were fields along the roadside, the
fences were fired and the column marched between lines of
flame. There were frequent halts. The firelight shone on
the rubber ponchos the men wore to shield them from the
chill night wind. Aides and couriers dashed back and
forth. A regiment somewhere in front struck up a song,
and for hours the wooded cove echoed with the battle
hymns of thousands who would never sing again. At day
light we were at Crawfish Springs. An hour after we halted
for rest and breakfast at Osburn's Cross-roads. Baird and
Brannan were four miles ahead. While we rested, Palmer
filed past us. Resuming our march, we halted about nine
clock near a tan-yard. The distance we had come was
not more than ten or eleven miles; but a night march is
always fatiguing. The men stretched themselves by the
roadside, for the morning sun was hot, and were soon
asleep. No one seemed to know where our position was. All
was doubt and uncertainty. The ground was wooded,
broken with low, transverse hills and irregular knolls. The
woods were open, but grown here and there with baffling

21S THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
stretches of dense underbrush. There were a very few
small fields and indistinct roads. The ground in our rear
was elevated, in our front slightly depressed. Palmer had
taken position to the eastward of a road running north and
south. He guessed it to be the Chattanooga road, but did
not know. Suddenly firing began away to our left. The
men awoke and listened, comparing views in regard to it.
It grew louder and came nearer. Turchin was hurried to
the left of Palmer. Presently our brigade commander,
Colonel King, rode up and in slow, deliberate tones put the
brigade in motion. We moved by the double-quick around
a low, wooded knoll, across an open field, faced to the
right and advanced in line of battle. The One Hundred
and First Indiana were on our right in the front line. The
wave of battle rolled down the line toward us. There
seemed to be an interval at our right; we were moved by the
flank to fill it. It was the worst possible region in which to
maneuver an army, being without landmarks or regular
slopes, and so thickly wooded that it was impossible to pre
serve any alignment. Besides, there seemed to be, as we
know now there was, an utter lack of fixed and definite plan,
and a woeful ignorance of the field. Soldiers are quick to
note such things, and one of the Thousand, seeing a group
of officers in consultation, said he guessed they were
"pitching pennies to decide which way the brigade should
front." There was a lull in the action. We lay in the edge of
the wood. From a thicket a hundred yards away came a
dropping but deadly fire. By and by, the turmoil deepened
about us. There was no chance to use artillery save at
close range. On our whole front there was hardly a place
where a range of three hundred yards could be secured.
Communication between the flanks was almost impossible.
The winding roads were full of lost staff-officers. The com
mander of a regiment rarely saw both flanks of his com
mand at once. Even companies became broken in the
thickets, and taking different directions were lost to each

-1 WASTED OPPORTUNITY.

21!)

other. Confusion reigned «ven before the battle began. It
is folly to attempt to unravel the tang-led web of that two
days' fight. Even the part a single regiment took is almost
untraceable. More than a hundred accounts of it have
been prepared; hardly two of them are alike in essentials;
very few of them reconcilable in details.
The enemy determined our movements for us. The
line at the right of our brigade was either broken or theie
was an interval between us and the next division; it is im
possible to determine which. There has been a thirty
years' war of words upon the
subject. Two generals have
claimed credit for remedying
the defect, and a third has
written a volume to discredit
both. The Thousand lay in
position and saw the enemy's
columns pass the right flank
of our brigade. The One
Hundred and First Indiana
began to bend backward from
the right like a willow wand;
presently it broke. Then the
line of the Thousand began to
bend, in like manner refusing
the right flank to the wedge-
shaped tide whose fiery impulse was irresistible. The order
to fall back was given by the brigade commander, who sat
on his horse, immediately in our rear.

Capt. E. Abbott Spaulding-

E. Abbott Spaulding was born in Monroe, Ashtabula County, Ohio, in
1837. He had just graduated at Western Reserve College, and begun the study
of medicine when the war broke out. In 1862 he was commissioned a lieutenant
of the lCBth O. V. I., and assisted in raising Company G. of which he became
second lieutenant. He was promoted to first lieutenant to date from the battle
of Perryville and transferred to Company E, of which he became captain, on
the resignation of Captain Canfield. He continued in command until wounded
at the battle of Chickamauga. of which wound he died a few days afterwards.
He is buried in the Federal Cemetery, at Chattanooga, Tenn. He was greatly
loved and esteemed by the whole regiment.

220 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
"About face! Forward, guide center!" commanded
the major. The center was at the apex formed by the
doubled back right wing. The movement was sure to re
sult in confusion. The enemy's fire was hot as the breath
of a typhoon.
" Double quick!" shouted the brigade commander, and
leaning his head upon the horse's neck, he spurred hardly
faster than the blue-clad mass he led to the rear. Into
an old field, across a road, through a thicket of pines, over
a low ridge, we ran and halted, whether by order or because
every one was blown, it matters little now. The ranks
were quickly reformed. Some of the One Hundred and
First Indiana were with us. Colonel King, with the
light of battle on his face, looked younger than we had
ever seen him before. The bullets still flew over us, and
the clamor at our right front had grown fiercer. The roar of
artillery mingled with the musketry. A staff-officer rode up
and spoke to Colonel King. He pointed to the right, and
shouted: "The Sixty-eighth are over there! '¦' It was his
own regiment, and he was deservedly proud of it. The
roar of artillery deepened. We did not know where ' ' over
there" might be; neither did our commander; but as we
changed direction and advanced to the right, we saw upon
the side of a hill before us, in front of which stretched al
most the only open space in that part of the field, a sight
never to be forgotten. Two, three, four batteries (some
say more, and some say less — probably twenty guns) were
being fired with the utmost rapidity almost in the faces of
the enemy, who charged, fell back, rallied, and charged
again in the teeth of the terrible storm. In a moment we
were in line at the left, and just in the rear of the spoutino-
guns. As the enemy retired, we advanced. Until the sun
went down we lay in line, firing now and then, in answer
to the scattering shots from the thick woods in our
front. It seemed we were not far from our former position,
but the dead and wounded that lay about us were not ours.
From the former we took the canteens to assuage the thirst
of the latter, and their cartridges to replenish our own
boxes.

.1 WASTED OPPORTUNITY. 221
After dark there came from away upon the left the
most terrible outburst of musketry, cut now and then with
the roar of cannon, v/e had ever heard. We could only see
the flashes as they lighted up the clouds above, but it
seemed a thousand times worse than a fight by day, as
we sat in the murky darkness and wondered how it
fared with friend and foe. It was Johnson's division
repelling the night attack upcn the refused angle of
our left. This night battle raged for more than an
hour, and then ceased as suddenly as it began. We
put forward our pickets a little way to guard against
surprise. We would have built breastworks if we had had
axes and spades. A thousand axes that night would have
made our line from end to end almost impregnable. But
the few we had were five miles away on the Dry Valley road,
on the way to Chattanooga. Soon after the fight upon the
left was over, it being then past nine o'clock, we were
marched, stumbling in the darkness, through the woods to
a new position. Where it was we had no idea; save that it
was on the slope of a hill, in the edge of a thicket, with a
half-upgrown old field in our front. Some began at once
to roll stones and logs into position to form a barricade; but
most of the men sank down and were asleep as soon as the
line was formed. Marching all night and fighting all day,
left every muscle as sore as if it had felt the bastinado.
There were rumbling sounds of artillery and ammunition-
wagons moving in our rear. From the front there was a
frequent sound of chopping. How we envied the "John
nies" their axes. Aside from these sounds, no one would
have dreamed that a hundred thousand men were waiting to
renew the slaughter when the sun should rise!

XVIII.
A TUMULTUOUS sabbath.
ITH the first ray of light, we be
gan work in earnest on our barri
cade. A heavy mist hung over
the field. By eight o'clock we
had a respectable breastwork of
logs, and rails, and stones. Then
we were ordered forward and
took position on lower ground to
the east of a small field. The
Thousand was on the right of the
second line; its right in the wood,
its left in the field. The right
wing of the army had drawn
back during the night and we were
at the angle it now made with
the left. The battle had been
raging on the left for half an
hour, when at ten o'clock, ad.
vancing with a gradually increas
ing roar, it reached our front.
First came pattering shots that cut the trees above us or
made a little eddy in the dry autumn leaves. Then it came
nearer and we could see the gray ranks advancing through
the open wood, halting now and then to fire. Our men
were lying down; but when the enemy came in range,
Turchin's regiments rose and gave them a thunderous vol
ley which ran from right to left like lightning on the edge
of a dark cloud. When they came nearer our brigade took

.1 TUMULTUOUS SABBATH. 22:1
up the battle. We could see it was a deadly fire. The
enemy halted; the men lay down in the shelter of the trees
and for a time the fight went on, Indian fashion. Gradu
ally, the enemy's fire slackened and we saw that they had
drawn back from our front.
Soon there came a still fiercer uproar on our right. Un
known to us, almost the whole right wing had been sudden
ly ordered to the left. The general who a week before had
mocked at the need of securing Chattanooga, was now ready
to imperil his whole army to hold the road which led to it.
The enemy's columns on their left where Longstreet com
manded, were formed with care and moved to the assault
like a tornado. The mist had cleared away and through
the sunlit intervals of the wood, we saw their flanks sweep
by some two hundred yards away. Rank after rank, with
guns at the right shoulder, waving hats, and with that rebel
yell which served the Confederates in place of the English
cheer, they poured on toward our right rear.
Our division commander, Reynolds, rode hastily up
and ordered Major Perkins of the Thousand to change front
and charge this column in flank. It was a desperate thing —
three hundred against many thousands. But the major did
not hesitate or question. The general rode forward with
him, to the rear of our line, instinctively extending a hand
in farewell as he commanded: "Attention, battalion!
Shoulder arms! "
Every man knew what was coming, but none hesitated.
Each man sprang to his feet.
"Order arms! Fix bayonets! Right shoulder, shift
arms! — Right wheel! March! "
The general said something as we marched away which
was answered with a cheer. We went on through the dense
chaparral until we were close upon the moving column.
Then came the order:
"Charge bayonets! Double-quick!"
Almost with the word we burst on the charging host.
It must have been near the rear of the column.

224

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

And now occurred a strange thing — so strange that if
there were not yet many able to confirm, one would hardly
dare relate it. When General Reynolds gave us the order
to charge, he had no idea he would ever see the regiment
again. He meant to offer us as a scapegoat to gain twenty or
thirty minutes' time. Every one who heard the order
thought it meant death or Andersonville for us all. When
we struck their flank, however, they were already blown by
their long charge through the woods. Startled by our bold
assault, they scattered;
i many surrendering them-
selves prisoners. We
pressed forward with
shouts. They knew not
how many we might be.
Some fell upon their
faces and after we had
passed rose and fired
upon us. One of these
sent a bullet through the
Major's thigh. Few noted
the fall of their com
mander. The command
fell upon Captain Ed
wards, but we needed no-
orders. At no time
Sergt. Benj. T. Cushing. cQuld we see more th(m
a hundred yards ahead, often not fifty. Soon, we

Benjamin Thomas Cushing was born in Conneaut, Ohio, September 10,
1839, was educated at Kingsville Academy; enlisted in Company G, was appointed
sergeant, and was in continuous service as such until September 20, 1863, when
he was wounded in the ankle, during the famous charge of the regiment at
Chickamauga. He remained on the field until the following Saturday, his
wound being dressed on Friday for the first time. He was in hospital until
June 28, 1864. when he was discharged. He was admitted to the bar and elected
Probate Judge of Ashtabula County, in 1866; re-elected in 1869, but resigned
before the expiration of his term because of ill health, and died of consumption
November 4, 1872, at Chatfield. Minn. He was a most exemplary man and
faithful soldier. The writer owes his life to the timeliness and accuracy of his-
last shot.

A TUMULTUOUS SABBATH 225
struck the end of a line which bent back and let us pass.
Two guns that were firing to the front were hastily turned
on us, the canister with which they were shotted scatterino-
the leaves in our front like a covey of young partridges
flushed by an intruder. We were upon them before they
could reload. The gunners and the infantry support fled
to our left. They evidently thought us the advance of a
heavy column. At length we ran upon a strong line lying
in a dense thicket diagonal to our front, being nearest on
the left aud overlapping our flank.
By this time we were much exhausted. How far we
had come we had no knowledge, certainly half a mile; the
general opinion has always been that it was more. Here
we halted, reformed our line, dressing on the colors, and
lying down, sheltered by trees and inequalities of the
ground, opened fire on the line in our front. When we
started, the noonday sun was looking in our faces; when we
halted, we still faced the south or nearly so. Our loss had
been nothing to what we had expected; yet quite a number
had been killed ; the Major, Captain Spaulding, and many
others wounded. The Major had returned along the way we
had come. That was now closed up. The fire in our front
grew hotter; the enemy seemed closing in on all sides of us
except at the right. It was our turn to run, and we ran as
fast as the nature of the ground permitted. Almost every
one has remarked that the distance we covered in retiring
was much greater than that made in our advance. It is no
doubt true. The strange thing about it was that we came
out into a part • of the field entirely new to us. We had
crossed two or three roads in our advance. The artillery
fire which was on our r'ght when we set out, was raging ttill
on our right when we returned, though we were facing the
other way. Where had we been? Who can trace our path
on that bloody field?
The question has never been answered. The mere
statement of its elements so stamps it with impossibility
that the men engaged in it have been chary of alluding to

220 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
it. It was nearly night when a fragment of the Thousand
stumbled across their division, then marching toward Ross
ville, not long before that magnificent charge of Turchin's
which cleared the enemy from our left rear. The delight
of General Reynolds at seeing the men whom he thought he
had sent to certain destruction was unbounded. When Gen
eral Thomas rode along our lines the next day, he drew
attention to the regiment and called up Captain Edwards to
relate our strange adventure. When he had heard all the
captain could tell, General Thomas turned to the regiment,
then but a little company, and raising his hat, said: "It
was gallantly done! '"
No wonder the men cheered, and have kept on cheering
for thirty years in their hearts. To be praised by George
H. Thomas, was reward enough for all they had suffered,
both because he was not lavish of praise, and this was
openly given on the field, where he himself had displayed
the highest quality of heroism. Reynolds mentions the
the charge in his report, and is known to have been often
puzzled over the seemingly unexplainable mystery. *
The writer suggests an hypothesis forced upon him by
careful study of the situation. If the student of this most
mysterious of modern battles, will place himself a little to
the east of Poe's house, he will have our position when we
wheeled to the right and started on our charge. The posi
tion assigned to King's brigade on the official maps is not
the one occupied by it at eleven o'clock on the morning of
the twentieth. We were then at the southeast corner of an
open field, our right in the woods adjoining, and our left in

*The following is an extract from General Reynold s report alluded to
above: "The 105th Ohio, Colonel Perkins commanding, and until this time lying
in reserve, was ordered to face the enemy and go at them with the bayonet.
The order was gallantly executed; the enemy was thiown back, and the
yielding regiments partly rallied, but the enemy returning with increased
force, and turning their right, these regiments were borne back, the 105th Ohio
with them. The latter regiment carried off the held the rebel General
Adams, wounded, who had been previously captured by Captain Guthrie's
company of the I9th Illinois."
Official Records, vol. XXX. page 441.

A TUMULTUOUS SABBATH. 227
the open. The front line of the brigade lay along the
hedgerow on the east side of the field. The right wheel
brought us into the woods, and we were in the woods con
tinuously, except when crossing some open roadway, until
our return. Assuming that we started from the southeast
corner of Poe's field, which was our probable position; that
we advanced southwardly at least half a mile; that we with
drew by the right flank; that the distance we went in with
drawing was greater than that covered by our advance;
that we were for some time undisturbed in the position we
finally reached, and .that Hood's column of attack struck
our lines a little to the right of Poe's about the time we
started, which attack was repelled by the accidental con
centration about Snodgrass hill, resulting from the famous
order to Wood, to "close up on Reynolds," it will be evi
dent that we must have passed through some interval in
Hood's column, or in its rear; struck some other force,
probably Hindman, advancing diagonally across our truck,
and after engaging them for a time, escaping by the right,
flank, found our way into the rougher country west of
Snodgrass hill, the enemy we had engaged following us
until we passed beyond their left flank.
It is admitted that this solution is apparently incred
ible, and would be impossible on any field not of such
umbrageous character. There seems to be no other hypo
thesis reconcilable with the known and incontrovertible
facts, no other, indeed, that is not much more incredible.
In fact, we must have passed through and around the Con
federate left, or pierced the line of fire with which Hood
about that time encircled Snodgrass hill. Such an achieve
ment is unprecedented in modern warfare, and the fact that
it was not attended with more serious loss does not detract
from the merit of a charge which, for sheer desperation,
has rarely been equaled, and for marvelousness of escape
never exceeded.
Reynolds' division was unfortunate in many respects in
this battle. One of its brigades, Wilder's, was not under

228 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
his command at all ; the other two, Turchin's and King's,
were separated all the first day by Palmer's division, while
on the second day, King's brigade was posted at the angle
formed by the refusal of the right wing. Discussion has
centered, especially, at this point in both days' battles.
General Turchin, in his anxiety to strike Reynolds, has
cast some slurs on King's brigade, apparently forgetful of
the fact that this brigade lost more officers and men at
Chickamauga than both the other brigades of the division, *
and if it had done nothing more than check Hood's advance,
as our charge did, until men and guns could be parked on
Snodgrass Hill to beat him back, it would have performed
a distinguished service. Among its losses were its gallant
commander, Col. Edward A. King, who fell a victim to his
eagerness to know the actual condition in his front. He
sat just in rear of his line scrutinizing the enemy's position
through a glass, when he was struck in the head by the
bullet of a sharp shooter.
That night our army was withdrawn to the Gap in
Missionary ridge, where it should have been posted at the
outset. Upon the second day it withdrew to Chattanooga.
Chickamauga was a battle almost unparalleled in modern
times. Volumes have been written to prove how those who
fought were marshaled. Such efforts are mostly vain.
Those who commanded knew little more about it than those
in the ranks. What happened under the shadow of the
brown-leaved trees in that rugged amphitheater between
Missionary ridge and West Chickamauga Creek, only the
recording angel can truly declare. Confusion grows worse
confounded with each attempt to reduce order out of im-

*Tbe exact figures are a little peculiar ill view of General Turchin's
claim of the well-nigh unprecedented character of the services of the Third
Brigade of the Fourth Division, in this battle. They arc :
First Brigade, Colonel Wilder, wounded, killed and missing  123
Third Brigade, General Turchin, killed, wounded and missing... 343
Total First and Third Brigades  468
The Second Brigade, Colonel King, lost in killed, wounded and missing, 484.
Official Records, vol. XXX., part I, pjge 173.

A TUMULTUOUS SABBATH. 229
penetrable chaos. It was a soldier's fight, not a general's
battle. The woods in the rear of the line were full of
stragglers; yet among them were few malingerers. Broken
into fragments, not only by the impact of the enemy's col
umns, but by unavoidable loss of direction in advancing
and retreating through woods and thickets, over irregular
hills and along obscure and unmarked roads, these men
sought less frequently to avoid conflict than to engage in
hopeful fight.
On the first day, Reynolds and Hazen rallied in twenty
minutes the flying regiments which Stewart's charge had
driven back. The men were not demoralized; they knew
that when the enemy had broken through the line, it was
useless to remain in the positions they held; but they rallied
behind the guns without regard to whom the leader might be,
and advanced to the attack without hesitation. When the
fire grew hot on the afternoon of the second day, on Snod
grass Hill, the stragglers in the woods beyond turned back
and made their way with haste to the fire-wreathed crest.
It was as if a magnet drew them to the focus of the fight.
Every moment the line grew stronger, not only because
troops were ordered to its support, but because men and
officers wandering objectless in the woods rallied to the
sound of stubborn fighting. The woods in the rear of our
line were full of moving columns, too ; regiments and brigades
going they knew not where, by roads it was almost impossi
ble to follow. Sheridan and Davis, Johnson and Van Cleve,
Negley and Crittenden marched and countermarched
through the baffling umbrage, following now a fancied path,
now misled by the trend of a hill, going to the left with no
knowledge where the left was; rushing to the right with
only the roar of battle for a guide.
At one time a division commander, Gen. J. C. Davis,
and some of his staff, dashed into the Dry Valley road
and endeavored to form the train-guards of other commands
to go back into the swirl of battle with them. Cumings,
of the Thousand, writing in his journal that night, tells an

230

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

amusing tale of encounters with generals without commands.
They had not abandoned their commands, nor had their
men deserted them. They were simply lost, the generals
had gone one way, their commands another.

Sergt. E. J. Clapp.

Elverton J. Clapp was born in Windsor, Ashtabula, Co., O., Oct. 5, 1842,
Received his education in a district school and in Orwell Academy. He
began teaching at the age of sixteen, working upon his father's farm summers
and teaching winters. He enlisted as a private in Co. K., Aug. 1862. Was
promoted to sergeant after the battle of Perryville, and was mustered out
with his regiment at the close of the war. He then resumed his studies at
Orwell Academy. In 1889 he was elected to represent his district, consisting
of Lake and Geauga counties in the State Legislature and re-elected in 1891.
He was elected speaker, pro tem, of the General Assembly by acclamation
and filled the position with marked ability. While a member of the legisla
ture he was instrumental in securing appropriation for the erection of the
Ohio Cottage to be located at the National Woman's Relief Corps Home,
Madison O. He was instrumental in organizing a Mutual Insurance Company
embracing several counties of which he has been secretary since 1877. He
lives at Thompson, O. The monument which commemorates the 105th on the
field of Chickamauga was selected by Senator Clapp, who was instrumental
also in securing the appropriation for the same.

A TUMULTUOUS SABBATH. 231
A brigadier-general, one of the best in our army, rode
up to a group of soldiers in which were some members of
the Thousand, on the afternoon of the second day, and
asked if any one of them knew the location of his brigade,
adding humorously, "Somehow, the d  n thing has got
lost! " It was literally true. While he had ridden to one
flank, a superior officer had moved the one he had left, and
while he was seeking this, the other had fallen back. Regi
ments, brigades, and, in one case a whole division, got lost
and remained lost for hours.
To the enemy, the difficulties resulting from the um
brageous character of the terraine were not so great, though
still of serious character. They had some more or less
capable guides; they were the attacking party, and all the
roads from the fords and bridges of the Chickamauga led
in the same direction. Besides that, the area covered by
their movements was much more restricted than that over
which ours extended. The distance between the Chatta
nooga and Lafayette road, along which our line extended,
and West Chickamauga creek, was in very few places more
than two miles, and was cut by numerous tributaries having
a general easterly direction. These things served to give
some idea of direction, though even then it was almost im
possible to preserve their alignment or maintain their rela
tive positions. Chickamauga has been claimed as a Confederate vic
tory because they held the field of battle ; and as a Federal
victory because the enemy did not recover Chattanooga.
Both claims are specious rather than veritable. The pur
pose of the Confederate general was not to regain Chatta
nooga — that was only an incident. His purpose was to
cripple the Federal army, compel it to retreat the way it
came, and incidentally regain Chattanooga. In all these he
failed. He did, indeed, drive the Federal army from the
position it hastily took to resist his advance, but he did not
care to attack it in the position to which it retired. He
caused a very heavy loss to the Federals, but his own loss

232 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
was eVen greater. In short, he neither destroyed the Fed
eral army nor gained any material advantage over it.
Indeed, the Federal army could afford to lose the seventeen
thousand who fell at Chickamauga and hold Chattanooga
where it was forced to go, rather than advance to Lafayette
where its commander was eager to have it go.
On the other hand, those who claim Chickamauga as
a Federal victory because Chattanooga was held, ignore the
fact that this city was no longer the Federal objective. It
had been in our possession for ten days, during which time
our army might have concentrated there without the loss of
a man or the firing of a gun.
Now, that time has cooled the heat of partisanship,
we see that the battle of Chickamauga was a useless
slaughter, made possible only by Rosecrans' neglect of the
urgent remonstrance of his great lieutenant on whom he
cast the burthen of what he deemed a lost battle. History
was not unkind, therefore, when it named the subordinate,
" the rock of Chickamauga;" but rather, exceedingly char
itable when it put its finger on its lips while the chief rode
away from the field he thought was irretrievably lost.

Perhaps nothing could show the character of this remarkable action
more clearly than the following extract from the report of Colonel Wilder,
commanding the First Brigade of our Division, made, not to General Rey
nolds, who commanded the Division, but to General Rosecrans, in command
of the army ; this Brigade having been detached from the Division since the
middle of August preceding :
'¦I sent messengers," says Colonel Wilder, "to find General McCook.
Lieut. -Gen. Thurston, chief of General McCook's staff soon appeared and
notified me that the line at my left was driven back, and dispersed, and
adeised that I had better fall back to Lookout Mountain. I determined, how
ever, to cut my way to join General Thomas, at Rossville, and was arranging
my line for that purpose when General Dana (Charles A.), Assistant Secre
tary of War, came up and said: that 'our troops had fled in utter panic;
that it was a worse rout than Bull Run; that General Rosecrans was prob
ably killed or captured ;' and strongly advised me to fall back and occupy
the passes over Lookout Mountain to prevent the rebel occupancy of it.
One of my staff officers came up and reported that he had found General
Sheridan, a mile and a half to the rear and left, who sent advice to me that
he ' was trying to collect his men and join General Thomas, at Rossville, and
that I had better fall back to the Chattanooga Valley.' I now, at 4 p. m., did
so with great reluctance."
TLie salient facts appearing from this extract are that Colonel Wilder, a
brigade commander of singular fertility and resource, who had been for a

A TUMULTUOUS SABBATH. 233

number of days moving back and forth over this ground, was utterly con
fused by the condition of affairs. He was unable to find the corps com
mander, to whom he had been assigned, whose chief of staff was as much at
sea with regard to the whereabouts of his chief as Colonel Wilder himself ;
that an Assistant Secretary of War declared a battle to be " a worse rout
than the first Bull Run," in which the percentage of loss on both sides was
greater than at Waterloo; that everybody spoke of Thomas beiDg at Ross
ville, while the fight at Snodgrass Hill was still raging at the hot est, and
finally that Sheridan, the most impetuous and magnetic of leaders, "a mile
and a half in the rear, was trying to collect his troops." All this throws a
powerful sidelight upon this phenomenal battle, and confirms the truth of
the following extract from a private letter to the writer from General
Richard W. Johnson, who commanded the Second Division of the Fourteenth
Army Corps in that engagement, under date of April 17, 1895:
"It appears to me that the battle was fought without a plan on either
side ; and whatever success we achieved was due to the persistent courage of
our divisions, brigades and regiments, acting independently. No man can
write a correct history ot that battle for it was fought in the woods and the
heavy foliage and dense undergrowth prevented even colonels seeing the
flanks of their regiments."

XIX.

THE EBB OF BATTLE.

LOWLY and sullenly, like a
wounded lion driven from its
prey, the Army of the Cumber
land with Thomas at its head,
fell back from its last position
on the battlefield, and prepared
to make good its hold upon
Chattanooga — t hat curiously
strong yet strangely weak posi-
t-on, which it had conquered without firing a gun and came
near losing through the inexcusable folly of its command
ing general, who slipped away from the center of doubtful
battle, to look after his pontoons and provide a way of re
treat for the army he thought routed beyond a peradven
ture. Here too, came the commanders of its right and left
wings, McCook and Crittenden, with some officers of their
staffs, leaving only one of its corps commanders, the lion-
hearted Thomas who would not recognize the fact of defeat
to gather the shattered forces scattered here and tirer
t'irough the sun-pierced chaparral, and by the magic of
his calm presence and inflexible resolve, weld them into a new
army — an army without regiments or brigades or divisions
— an army in which rank counted for naught, but each man
grasped a gun — shoulder-straps and chevrons lay side by
side in the long line — battle-flags were so near that their
shadows almost touched — while along it rode, silent and
gracious, with the stern light of unconquerable resolution
upon his face, the master-spirit who without words, with
out appeals, without clamor, by the mere magic of his pres
ence, turned doubt into determination, rout into successful
resistance.

234

THE EBB OF BA TTLE. 235
Again and again, the wave of Confederate assault
swept against the unconquerable line on Snodgrass Hill.
The crowded second-growths that stood upon the slopes,
were shot away as a reaper cuts the grain. The dark,
pine branches lay in windrows between the contending
forces. In the lull between recurrent shocks men gathered
them, and heaping on them rocks and rails, even the bodies
of the dead made low sheltering works, behind which they
waited renewed assault. Along the line rode Thomas,
showing no tremor, no fear, no doubt. The men cheered;
the clustered flags dipped in salutation; the officers gave
over the work of direction, and each one picking up some
dead man's musket buckled on his cartridge-box, and tak
ing a place in the line, waited for the next pulsation of
battle. So, while Rosecrans and two of his corps com
manders, waited through the sultry afternoon, a dozen
miles away, for the shattered army to appear; the echoes of
their guns, the dust that hung over the wilderness where
they fought, and the few messengers that came and went,
told that the fight was still on, and the ' ' Rock of Chicka
mauga" was still unconquerable. As the sun went down,
McCook and Crittenden returned to the army which would
not come to them. The unorganized mass of individual
valor which had repelled the enemy's last assault, had fallen
back to the slopes about Rossville, p.nd was slowly and sul
lenly sorting itself out into an army of regiments and
brigades again. It was one of the most marvelous things
in the whole history of war — a scattered and disorgan
ized army crystallized into a triumphant force by the magic
of one man's will!
A considerable force had already reached Chattanooga;
two brigades of the reserve, some regiments of cavalry ; a
number of batteries, which had made their way out of the
confusing labyrinth of wooded hills, which composed the
field of battle, into the Dry Valley Road ; others that had
crept along the country roads that crossed Missionary

236

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

Ridge, and centered at Chattanooga, men and wagons.
trains and ambulances, all that detritus that gathers in the
rear of losing battle, both by accident and design, had
flowed into the captured citadel, a dozen miles in rear of
the battle-front.

Capt. J. C. Hartzell.

John C. Hartzell, was born in Deerfield, Portage Co., O. His ancestors
came from the region of the Hartz Mountains in Germany. He enlisted in
Company H, and was appointed second lieutenant; promoted to first lieutenant;
captain after the death of Captain Wilson. He was in command of Com-*
pany's H and C with the Division train during the battle of Chickamauga
and had much trouble with stray major generals who insisted on the aban
donment of the train and the formation of the two companies in line to take

THE EBB OF BA TTLE. 237
When the night fell, the amphitheater which lies be
tween Chattanooga and Missionary Ridge, along the Ross. .
ville Road and the Valley of Chattanooga Creek, was full
of strange sights. Soldiers in squads ; officers in groups;
cavalry, infantry and artillery men, some going one way
and some another; ambulance stretchers; wounded men
walking with difficulty; men helping some comrade to
escape peril of capture- — a strange mass of fragments who
pressed not hurriedly but steadily, some of them toward
Chattanooga, and some of them back toward the army they
had left hours before.
A lieutenant of The Thousand, who had been sent to
the rear in charge of the wounded, had picked up a
wounded confederate, Brigadier-General Adams, and re
porting him tp the officer in command at Rossville, was or
dered to continue with those in his charge to Chattanooga
Gen. Adams had been wounded several hours before and
captured, it is said, by an Illinois regiment. For some rea
son or other, he had been abandoned. When the lieuten
ant and his men came near he cried out that two or
three men who were standing by, were robbing him. Their
conduct and his condition seemed to justify this charge.
Certainly some one had taken from him all the valuables

the place of their own lost commands. In the spring of 1864, he was detailed
by special order of the Secretary of War, to the duty of forwarding recruits
from northern depots to the armies of the west, carrying back and forth large
sums of money to be paid to the recruits on their arrival at destination, rang
ing from $10,000 to $65,000 a trip.
He continued in this special service until the close of the war and justly
boasts of having " handled " more "bounty-jumpers" and unwilling recruits
who were induced to enter the service by high bounties in the later months of
the war and to have lost fewer of those entrusted to his care than any man in
the army. Among the curious incidents he mentions is the finding one of the
Captains of the Thousand, Wm. G. Crowell, among a company of recruits;
who having resigned because of ill-health had re-enlisted as a private soldier
for a handsome bounty. Captain Hartzell travelled in the discharge of this
duty over 40,000 miles and had all sorts of pleasant and unpleasant adventures.
He was an inveterate wag who could always be counted on to find something
funny in the most lugubrious circumstances. This quality has not forsaken
him and at each re-union of the survivors of the Thousand he is expected to
furnish them fresh food for their mirth and has never yet disappointed them.

238 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
he had. He was loading them with imprecations of unique
and vigorous character. The men sullenly retired. The
lieutenant who had been a prisoner of war himself, felt
great compassion for his wounded enemy, but found that
when he proposed to remove him, the vials of vituperation
were turned on him as well. The general declared that it
was simply murder to remove him from the field. Finding
that his wound was well bandaged and mistrusting that his
clamor was a ruse to prevent removal in the hope that his
friends would prevail, the lieutenant persisted, and one of
the men with him having secured a horse, the prisoner was
lifted into the saddle and with all care, removed from the
field. He got over his exasperation after a while, and when
he bade the lieutenant good-bye, said he would like to give
him a token of his good will, but the ' ' damned rascals had
not left him even a sleeve-button." So he asked his captor
to cut off one of the buttons of his coat, and if he was ever
in the like plight within the confederate lines to
send it to him and he would repay the courtesy he had re
ceived. The lieutenant did so, and gave his prisoner the
knife he used in order that he might not be without some
thing to cut his tobacco, of which he made free use.
Two curious facts are connected with this incident.
The Thousand has, in a way, always claimed the capture
of Gen. Adams in its famous charge through the confeder
ate left wing. Surgeon Turnbull, who was then the slen
derest of striplings, just out of his medical studies, quite
unlike the portly practitioner he has since become, is still in
clined to the opinion that he dressed Gen. Adams' wound in
that charge. There is no doubt in the writer's mind, that
he is in error, and that the claim of original capture cannot
be maintained. If any reliance at all is to be placed upon
the maps and reports of that battle, Gen. Adams must have
been wounded at least an hour before the charge was made
and on a different part of the field. When the lieutenant
found him, he was at least a mile from the scene of the

THE EBB OF BATTLE. 239
charge. The officer whose wound Surgeon Turnbull dressed
was probably a colonel of Stewart's Division, who was car
ried off the field, but recaptured by a part of his own com
mand. Surgeon Turnbull was one of the bravest men the
writer ever saw and his conduct in following the regiment
in that charge and ministering to the wounded under the
hottest fire just where they fell, was an act of heroic cool
ness which few even of his profession ever equalled. He
was ordered to remain and care for our wounded and in
consequence was captured and held by the enemy for sev
eral days. On being released, he was met just outside the
confederate lines, by a squad of the enemy's cavalry, who
robbed him and those with him, taking instruments, watch,
money, coat, hat, boots, in short, as he quaintly reported,
"about everything except his fiope of salvation, which was
so small they did not find it."
The Thousand came into Chattanooga on the instal
ment plan. So far as known, the Major, who had a close call
for his life, being shot in the thigh by one of the men who
threw themselves on the ground and were passed over in
our charge, with those in attendance upon him was the first
to arrive. Fortunately for him, he was enabled to get back
to Nashville before the way was barricaded and so escaped
the crowded hospitals and the hardships of the siege which
followed. The lieutenant with the squad under his com
mand, reached the city about ten o'clock at night and tak
ing the wounded in his charge at the hospital, he reported
to the provost-marshal and was assigned to duty with the
men under his command on the road just at the left of tbe
point where the building known a3 Fort Negley afterwards
stood. The duty consisted at first in halting those who came
and forming them into ranks. After a short time all those
under his command, lay down and slept, the lieutenant
with them. No wonder, this was the third almost sleepless
night with two days of constant and exhaustive conflict be
tween. The moonlit stillness was interrupted now and
again by the roar of a gun on the yet troubled field of bat-

241)

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

tie, the passage of swift galloping messengers and, towards
morning, by the coming of a general and his staff. Those
who came in laid themselves clown beside them. When the
day dawned, the little squad had grown to a battalion, if
not a brigade. The lieutenant found that he had other
lieutenants, captains, and colonels under his charge. He
busied himself in obtaining rations for the wearied sleepers
and after a time orders came
directing those belonging to the
various corps to report at differ
ent points. The lieutenant was
still left on duty with the men
of Tlie Thousand to act as a
sign- post for the weary men
who came straggling in. Cum
ings, then a lieutenant in
command of his company,
which with company H, under
Hartzell, had been detailed as
guards of the Division train
which came by the Dry
E. R. Cowles. Valley road in rear of the field
of battle, notes in his journal the meeting with them as he
came in. Quarter-master Wright in charge of the train was
riding a horse branded " C.S.," which had somehow fallen in-

Edwin R. Cowles was born in Geneva, Ashtabula Co., O., January 2, 1838.
Was educated in the common schools and the neighboring Academy of Kings
ville, and was a student at that place preparing to enter theSophomore class.
at Oberlin College, with his brother Zeri, when the call for troops came.
They both enlisted in the 105th, July 22, 1862. The exposure t'.iat followed the
battle of Perryville caused an attack of fever, and after a few months in the
hospital he was on detached service as Clerk at Headquarters, Camp Denison
O. In April 1864, he rejoined his regiment at Ringgold, Ga.,in time to partici
pate in the Atlanta campaign, and remained with the regiment until mustered
out at the close of the war. He was for a time thereafter Superintendent of
the Clough Stone Co., at Amherst, O. Later he returned to Geneva, and built
up a large grocery business, in which he is still actively engaged and is also
in charge of the office of the National & American Express Companies. He is
the survivor of two brothers whose devotion to each other was known to,
every member of the regiment. The younger, Zcri, died at Murfreesboro,
Tenn., and for a long time it seemed that he would follow out of very grief.
No man has better deserved the prosperity of his later years.

THE EBB OF BA TTLE. 241
to his hands the day before, which shied, as well he might, at
the dilapidated squad which gathered round to shake hands
with the rider, who thereupon remarked that the beast "hadn't
got quite used to men in blue uniform yet." It was a
better jest than it would now seem, for the blue showed by
no means very clearly through the dust and grime of battle.
Hartzell, the irrepressible wag, remarked that in his opinion
' ' about the pleasantest way to fight a battle was as train-
guard, a good way in the rear." He would have been the
same jovial comrade under fire. Cumings is now the De
partment Commander of the Grand Army in the State of
Pennsylvania, and is just as modest and kindly as when
with a single bar upon his shoulder, he pressed forward to'
shake hands with all, and ask after the dead and wounded
of the two days' fight which he had heard but had not seen.
On the morrow the army fell back to Chattanooga ,
How we watched its progress! One division after another
was deployed into line on the plain between the city and
Missionary Ridge, then wooded to its crest, save for a few
clearings here and there. Batteries were placed in position
to resist an advance and a line of skirmishers thrown for
ward to the crest. The members of the contingent already
arrived had steadily increased. They had been assigned a
position and were on the outlook to greet their comrades.
It was well toward sundown when they came; at their head!
Edwards, the senior captain, on whom the command had
fallen after the Major was struck. Neatest of soldiers, as-
he was one of the bravest and most enduring, the struggle
had told upon him. He was haggard and anxious. Yet
he was the same courtly gentleman who has since adorned
the senate chamber of Minnesota. There were few jests
then. Though resolute and determined, the soldiers of the
Army of the Cumberland recognized that the peril was not
over, and while they questioned of comrades they would
never meet again, they nerved themselves for the struggle
they knew must impend. The next day the enemy ap
peared, our skirmishers retired, our lines were drawn back.
and the Siege of Chattanooga had begun.

XX.

THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA.
NE of the most delightful of
autumnal scenes was Chattanooga
when the army of the Cumberland
fell back and began to entrench
itself on the group of oak-crowned
hills, which the straggling little
city occupied. The irregular line
of eastward fronting eminences
which overlooked the plain that
lay between the city and the half -encircling crest of Mission
ary Ridge, together with the wide, swift river which sweeps
its western side ; Walden's Ridge rising behind it, and the
point of Lookout Mountain just far enough away to be be
yond the reach of effective bombardment by the artillery of
that time, made a singularly difficult position to carry by
assault, even before the erection of those works which soon
transformed it into a citadel.
If the place was held at all, it could only be carried by
siege, or its evacuation compelled by cutting off its supplies.
It was beyond the range of effective bombardment from
Missionary Ridge or Lookout Mountain, while the Tennes
see river effectually protected it from assault on more than
half its circumference.
On the other hand, the supplies for the army were very
scant, and the line of supply was of the most exposed char
acter. The river and the railroad passing around the nose
of Lookout Mountain, constituted the chief means of reach-
242

THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA.

243

ing the railroad from Nashville to the Tennessee, by which
all our material must come. It was then, and has ever
since been a matter of surprise that Bragg having deter
mined to invest Chattanooga, did not at once push forward

Captain Hokatio M. Smith.

Horatio M. Smith was born at Worthington. Berkshire County, Mass.,
January 27th, 1835. and came with his parents in infancy to Ashtabula County,
Ohio. He was reared on a farm in Orwell ; attended district school and the
Orwell Academy ; taught two or three winters and at twenty-two entered a
country store as clerk; was admitted to partnership a year or two later. After
a few years he relinquished his interest in the store and engaged as traveling
agent with a New York firm. He rapidly acquired a large country trade and
was receiving a good salary when the war came on. He enlisted as a private
in Company K. 105th O. V. I., August 13th, 1862; went into camp next day and
on the organization of the regiment was made quartermaster-sergeant, which

244 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
a sufficient force to strike this line at its most salient point,
the Valley of the Wauhatchie, so as effectually to intervene
between the city and any relieving force. Events showed
that if this had been done, the city would in all probability
have been abandoned. There was nothing to prevent such
a course. The enemy had only to cross from McLemore's
Cove to the Valley of the Wauhatchie, by the roads we had
traversed, and others open to them nearer to the city, to
retake, and, by aid of a little defensive work, easily to hold
the eastern bank of the Tennessee.
There was no force between Chattanooga and Shell
Mound sufficient to seriously contest such a movement, and
there was no reason why Bragg should hesitate to reduce
his army before Chattanooga to that extent. A mere skele
ton line was all that was required to hold the crest of Mis
sionary Ridge, and as we have seen already, he had no use

post he filled until the regiment reached Murfreesborough, where having been
previously promoted to a lieutenancy, he was detailed early in 1863 as brigade
quartermaster, in which capacity he served on the staff of Colonel Hall and
his successors until after the battle of Chickamauga. In October, 1863, he was
appointed by General Thomas, post quartermaster at Chattanooga and a few
weeks later, depot quartermaster at the same place. About this time he was
commissioned captain and A. Q. M., by President Lincoln and later by Presi
dent Johnson, brevet major. He served on the staff of General Thomas at
Chattanooga about eighteen months and at Nashville in charge of the cavalry
depot about eight months. At this place he sold off at auction the horses and
mules, many thousand in numbers in the department of the Cumberland after
the dissolution of the army. At Chattanooga his duties were varied and
onerous and involving not only the distribution of the vast quantities of sup
plies required by Thomas and Sherman, but also the direction of a small army
of civilians employed in the construction and operation of numerous great
repair shops, many saw mills, logging camps, wood yards and coal mines; the
building of immense storehouses, barracks, hospitals and other necessary
structures. Steamboats and other river craft were reconstructed ; the great
permanent bridge across the river at Chattanooga built; the laying out and
management of ^he National Cemetery attended to. and its records kept; in
short, all quartermaster work not otherwise specially provided for was done
by him. Many millions of dollars passed through his hands and the immense
business under his control was conducted with such energy, economy and
judicious adaptation of the means in reach to desired ends as to win for him
the unstinted commendation of the sound and practical chiefs, General
Thomas and Quartermaster Meigs.
After his return to civil life, Major Smith engaged extensively in the pro
duce shipping trade with finally disastrous results which not only absorbed all
his savings, but involved him in an indebtedness which it was the hope and
effort of his latter life to discharge.

THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA. 245
for anything more. His enemy was in no condition to leave
the stronghold to which he had retired, and if he did, was
too short of supplies to make any advance. The only rea
son that can be given for this failure was a too confident
belief on the part of the Confederate General, that all that
was required, was to cut the line of supply at some point,
so as temporarily to isolate the invested position. This he
did by pushing forward a brigade to the point of Lookout
Mountain, which cut off communication by rail and river,
but did not suffice to prevent the landing of a relieving
force below, which ultimately turned the left of the Con
federate position and rendered its attenuated line wholly
incapable of resisting the sortie of the beleaguered army.
Two things in part excused, if they did not justify
General Bragg's neglect to occupy with a heavy force the
east bank of the Tennessee, from Chattanooga to Shell
Mound ; the one was a confirmed belief that the Arm)- of

In 1876, the government having decided on the establishment of the great
military post at San Antonio, Texas " Fort Sam Houston," Quartermaster
General Meigs, himself one of the ablest engineers this country has produced
paid Major Smith the compliment of selecting him to superintend the entire
construction of this most important work of the kind in America, and which
consisted of a large area of parade and other grounds, barracks, quarters for
officers, stables, shops, offices, storehouses, water works and general provision
for the accommodation of many thousand men and horses, who are perman
ently quartered or are occasionally mustered there. This work which was
accomplished to the fullest satisfaction of all concerned was completed only
a few years before his death, which occurred in 1890, while on his way north
in the hope of arresting a threatened relapse of the terrible "dengue" or
" break-bone fever " from which he had been suffering.
The army career of Major Smith was the most notable of any member of
the regiment. He not only rose from a private soldier to the rank of captain
and A. Q. M. in the United States army, without aid or influence from others,
solely on his own merits and the recognition of his capacity, by those he
served, but he so impressed General Thomas with his remarkable ability to
organize, direct, control, overcome difficulties and to produce desired results,
that he placed him in one of the most responsible positions in reference to the
safety and efficiency of the Army of the Cumberland and the Army of the
Mississippi, that of post and depot quartermaster at Chattanooga.
That this country boy, with only the training of the country school and the
country store, should have performed these duties, not only with efficiency,
but with ease, shows what a genius he had for organization and detail. In
other respects he did not show remarkable powers. He shone in fulfilling the
orders of others rather than in achieving great enterprises of his own incep
tion. He was a genius of organization and detail. Given a specific thing to
do, there were few men who so easily and surely achieved the desired result.

24<> THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
the Cumberland was so pressed for food that it would
be obliged lo evacuate Chattanooga as soon as the railroad
was cut and the river obstructed so that boats could not ply
between the city and Bridgeport. Another reason why he
did not deem it necessary to intervene more strongly, was
the fact that he knew there was no Federal force of any im
portance which could be sent to the relief of Chattanooga,,
nearer than Memphis or Washington, and from neither the
Army of the Mississippi nor the Army of the Potomac was
it supposed that assistance could be expected in time to
afford effectual relief. The real danger to be apprehended,
as Bragg thought, was from the junction of Burnside's
army with that of Rosecrans, which he was careful to guard
against by holding his own army well in hand between
.them. That General Bragg's conclusions, while lacking the
positiveness which characterizes the deductions of great
military genius, were by no means unreasonable, will appear
from the fact that almost the first act of the Federal com
mander was to assemble his corps and division commanders
at his headquarters, to consider the question of abandoning
• Chattanooga, crossing the river, and taking position on
Walden's Ridge. There is no official record of this coun
cil, but one of the survivors asserts that the commanding
general expressed no opinion, and no one among the sub
ordinate commanders favored it. It is difficult to conceive
what advantage was expected to be gained by such a move
ment: but the fact that it was mooted shows that Bragg
was not unreasonably sanguine when he looked for the
place to be evacuated before relief could come.
After this conference the work of defense began in
earnest. The enemy had assumed position ou Missionary
Ridge, our forces falling back, burning the houses and fell
ing the trees that intervened. A continuous picket-line was
established along the whole front. The enemy's tents shone
through the brown leafage on the slope and crest of Mis
sionary Ridge. They brought some heavy guns into posi-

THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA.

21',

tion and threw shells at our working parties. Lines of cir-
eumvallation were laid out and the army addressed itself to
the work of preparing cover in case of an assault. The
oaks that crowned the hills were cut down and used as sup
ports in the bomb-proofs. Breast- works, ditches and covered
ways were built. Forts and bastions rose at salient points
along the line. The men worked eagerly but confidently.
There was
more or less of
skirmishing every day, and
frequent night
alarms. On the third
day G e 11 er a 1
Rosecrans rode
through the
camp, making
addresses to the
soldiers at vari
ous points,
where they
trooped to hear
him. It was
not a formal
military pro
gress; just the
general, a few
of his corps and
division commanders and members of his staff. His words

W*:

2^Ki^Hk

lift

'':3&im^Hw ¦'"•'"¦

^>

WMjam

MB* v <2s£s£ ¦ '/ *. ¦ ~ ¦*' - .-

r—ff^^m>^
Lieut. Alden F. Brooks.
(From a pen-sketch by himself.)
Alden F. Brooks was born in Williamsfield, Ohio, April 3, 1840. At the
age of fourteen he went with his people to Iowa, and soon after removed to
Plattville, Wisconsin, where he attended school. At eighteen, being threatened
with lung disease, his physician advised an overland trip to California, which
he took in the spring of 1859. He spent a good deal of his time on this journey
sketching and making topographical maps of the route. This experience
afterwards was of great advantage to him in the service. He staid in California
till after the war commenced, when he returned to Ohio and soon after enlisted
in the 105th. He was with the regiment during the retreat from Richmond to
248 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
and demeanor were confident, one ma)' almost say boastful,
strangely at variance with actual conditions. His army
was enthusiastically devoted to him. They had not yet had
time to study the movements of the past month. The his
tory of the Union Army since the 9th of September, when
the enemy surrendered Chattanooga, had not then been writ
ten. We supposed the battle of Chickamauga to have been
a necessity ; that it could only have been avoided by sur
rendering Chattanooga, the objective of the campaign.
We did not know that Thomas had protested against
the movement into McLemore's Cove, and that we might
have been in Chattanooga on the 15th, without firing a gun,
waiting to be attacked on the very ground we now occupied,
after a loss of 17,000 men. Because of this, we still be
lieved in our commander, whose confidence, as usual, soon
rose to the point of boastful exultation. He rode from
camp to camp, the shouts and cheers of his soldiers consti
tuting a vote of confidence, which seems incredible when
we reflect that he had left his army only a few days before,
in the midst of one of the most terrific battles, and come to

Louisville; was in the battle of Perryville, where he was wounded in the left
hand. He was detailed Topographical Engineer of 4th Brigade, 4th Division
14th A. C, on the staff of Colonel A. S. Hall. At the battle of Hoover's Gap he
was the only Topographical Engineer who made a map of operations out of
twenty or more engineers, and was recommended by Major-General J. J.
Reynolds for a commission, and assigned to duty as Topographical Engineer on
his staff. After the battle of Chickamauga he was detailed as draughtsman at
Department Headquarters, with Colonel Merrill, and mustered 1st lieutenant-
colonel at Ringgold, Georgia, in May, 1864; detailed Assistant Topographical
Engineer ou Major-General Thomas' staff, and joined the command at Mari
etta, Ga. Returned to Chattanooga after the capture of Atlanta, and continued
in charge of the engineer office at the point until detailed with T. B. Van Horn
to survey and lay out the National Cemetery at Chattanooga; was mustered
out with the regiment; went to New York in 1867, and studied in the Academy
-of Design; was also a pupil of Edwin White, the "American Titian;"
removed to Chicago in 1870, and opened his first studio. In 1881 he went to
Paris, and was a year under Carolus Duran; exhibited in the Salon of 1882;
since, he has exhibited in New York, Boston and Philadelphia, also every
year in Chicago. He has often received honorable mention, and had the
honor of being the only artist in Chicago who exhibited in both oil and water
jcolor at the World's Fair, 1893.
He was married in 1864, and has two daughters and one son. He resides in
Chicago, 111. He is the only member of the regiment who has achieved special
distinction as an artist, and the portrait given above from a pen-sketch of him
self is his highest credential.

THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA. 249
the city we were now exhorted to defend, in order to see
that the means of escape across the river were prepared.
This was not an escaping army. The roar of battle was in
its ears, but that general was right, who declared in the
council referred to, that though he had lost one-third
of his division, those who remained were just as eager to
fight as before. The army did not even know the story of
those two sulphurous days under the trees of Chickamauga.
They thought their leader had simply been forced to fight
at a disadvantage and that the army had escaped destruc
tion through his skill. It was a most fortunate belief. He
made wonderfully inspiring speeches that day — considering
the facts of the previous week. The work of entrenchment
went on with increased earnestness. The Army of the
Cumberland had done little fortifying heretofore, but pow
it wrought with the consciousness that safety lay at the
spade's point. It is wonderful how soon the city became
impregnable. The enemy had taken possession of Lookout Mountain
and established on the Point a battery which commanded
the river and railroad below with a plunging fire, but did
not reach the city. One morning we were waked by the
explosion of a shell in the camp of our division. The enemy
had put some heavier guns in position on Lookout Moun
tain, and by elevating them as high as possible, they were
able to throw shot in a most uncertain manner, sometimes
into our lines, sometimes just outside of them, and again
clean over town and river among the teams parked on the
other side. For a few days they fired pretty steadily. One
could see the puff of white smoke; watch the shell with its
little jet of white vapor and small black center, as it crept
towards us seemingly very slowly. If it was likely to fall
too near, all ran for the bomb-proof, — a useless precaution,
since the height from which it fell, was such that the bomb-
proofs would have been no protection. Indeed, those which
fell among us buried themselves so deeply in the earth that
no harm, to speak of, came from their explosions. There

250

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

were some narrow escapes. One of our subalterns had
secured possession of the telescope which belonged to the
female seminary located at that point, which was of course
deserted. Perhaps the fact that a schoolmate had once
taught there, gave him a feeling of proprietary interest in
the instrument. At any rate, he mounted it by suspending
it by a rope from the limb of a tree, which on this account
was spared from the axeman's stroke, and under it had
rigged an inclined sup
port, which enabled him
to study the signals of
the enemy on Lookout
Mountain, and the an
swering signals on
Missionary Ridge, and
set himself to the task
of mastering the enemy's
code and deciphering
their communications, a
task in which he event
ually succeeded. One
day a shell came in his
direction; his comrades
called to him as they
scuttled into the covered
way; he neglected their
warning, thinking there was' no danger; the shell struck
near him and exploded. When the smoke cleared away
he came rushing into the bomb-proof covered with dirt.

Lieut. Xoumax D. Smith.

Norman Decatur Smith was born in Parkman, Geauga County, Ohio,
August 19, 1827. His father died six years later, leaving n. widow with ten
children, and at the age of twelve he began the struggle of life for himself.
At the age of thirty- four he enlisted in Company F, 105th, rose to the rank of
first lieutenant, and served with the regiment until mustered out at the close
of the war. He was greatly esteemed by both officers and men. He was many
times elected Justice of the Peace, and was for two terms Treasurer of the
County of Geauga.
He died July 26, 1895, beloved and greatly regretted by his townsmen and
comrades, leaving nine children.

THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA. 251
The shell had knocked the prop from under the plank on
which he had rested.
The feeling of danger soon wore off, and every dis
charge was greeted with a derisive howl — each one merely
glancing up to see if it was likely to fall in his vicinity. It
is amazing how easy it became to guess the point at which
the shell would strike, and how little attention was paid to
this bombardment. There was a rumor that two men and
eight .mules were the net result of seventeen days' firing,
but that was probably an exaggerated diminution. Still it
is a fact, that though the Thousand lay in direct range
between the battery and the bridge, which seemed to be the
special mark for their shots, the writer never saw a man
who was hurt by the bombardment and has no recollection
of loss in the division through this useless cannonade.
But if the bombardment was of little moment, an
insidious foe which made much less noise, threatened us
with something worse than mere defeat. On its arrival at
Chattanooga the Army of the Cumberland had hardly ten
days' rations. These, with very slight additions, were all
that it had to subsist on for nearly forty days. A long and
devious road, over sixty miles of mud and hill, exposed to
frequent attacks of the enemy's cavalry, lay between Chat
tanooga and the line of supply, the railway from Nashville
to Bridgeport. Over this only a meager and uncertain sup
ply of food could be obtained. From the first we were on
what was termed "half-rations;" soon these grew less until
one or two hard-tack a day were all that were obtainable and
by and by, the time came, when the good-natured quarter.
master could make no farther excuse and the conscientious
commissary sergeant in making a last issue, broke the fifth
cracker in twain, as he issued his own ration — a little less
than five for eight days! The whole five were hardly enough
for a day — especially to men who for two weeks or more
had not once had enough. Men picked up the kernels of
corn scattered upon the ground where the few horses still
left in the city were fed, and ate them. Officers who drew

252

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

no rations, fared even worse, since there was nothing to
buy. The hides and tails of the few cattle brought in to
be slaughtered across the river were gladly pressed into
service for food. A cow's tail found a ready market at
$10. One mess of officers bought a fresh hide ; removed
the hair by some process before unknown and now forgot-

Lieut. Ira F. Mansfield.

Ira Franklin Mansfield was born June 27, 1842, in Poland, Geauga
County, O. His ancestors for several generations were military men. His great
grandfather John, distinguished himself as a member of the Sixth Connnecti-
cut in 1776 and 1777, and in the Twenty-sixth U. S. Regulars up to 1814. He was
promoted to captain for his coolness and punctuality in storming redoubt No.
10 at Yorktown. Va. His grandfather Ira, was likewise noted for exploits
against the Indians and was captain of a company under General Harrison on

THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA. 253
ten, and by cooking it a long time made what is still declared
by its partakers to have been a "savory mess." Duty and
disease made heavy inroads upon men thus weakened.
Starvation did not come, but his foot was at the opening of
every tent. An officer of the Thousand was detailed with
his company to go with the train that brought in the first
loads of corn. As the lean mules dragged them up the
slippery slope from the bridge, crowds of gaunt men eyed
the yellow ears hungrily. At length there was a rush — the
wagons were overturned and every man caught what he
could carry of the precious stuff and ran. Several wagon-
Joads were thus "distributed" before one was allowed to
pass. It was a terribly mutinous way of satisfying hunger,
and the officer was put under arrest for not preventing it.
There is no record of his punishment, and it is probable
that his superiors regarded the offense, under the circum
stances, as creditable rather than discreditable to him. The
grim soldier, who was in command of the train, shouted for
the men to fire upon their hungry comrades, but no one of
his command heard the order.
By this time, the wooded knolls, which had made the
city a thing of beauty, were bare. The oaks had been cut
down for various uses, and the roots digged out for fire
wood. The enemy on Missionary Ridge, which had been

the Western Reserve. His father, Isaac, was a merchant. Young Mansfield
attended the common schools and graduated from Poland College, afterwards
learning the machine and moulder's trades. He enlisted as a private in Com
pany H, 105th, in August, 1862. He was successively promoted to sergeant,
second lieutenant and first lieutenant, breveted captain, and assigned to duty
as A. Q. M., Fourteenth Army Corps at Chattanooga, Tenn. At the close of
the war he became owner of the Darlington Cannel Coal Mines and operated
them with other important plants. He was Justice of the Peace, Clerk and
Treasurer of Darlington Township for eighteen years and has married 684
couples; represented his county three times in the State Legislature, as a
Republican ; is Superintendent of Sunday School and elder of Presbyterian
church ; Vice-president of Beaver College and director in National Bank. His
collection of orchids and wild flowers of Beaver county is very fine. He retains
in maturer life the taste which made his journal of the war-time a collection
of flowers of the region through which the army marched. In science,
especially geology, he has made many new discoveries of plants and insects
in coal formations, and he has a large collection of war relics.

254 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
wooded to the summit, had made great clearings. The
plain between had been almost entirely shred of cover and
obstacles. Along the side of the ridge ran two and three
irregularly parallel lines of dull red. They were the con
federate works. From Bragg's headquarters, flashed stead
ily back and forth to the signal station on Lookout Moun
tain, orders and reports.
One day almost a month after the siege began, they
told the confederate commander that a new miracle had
been performed which showed how foolish he had been in
leaving the left bank of the Tennessee so weakly guarded.
For the first time in the history of war the railway had
been called upon to do its utmost. The most efficient rail
road man of that time was Mr. Thomas A. Scott, who had
won the highest renown as such, rising to the first vice-
presidency of the Pennsylvania Railroad. He had been
made Assistant Secretary of War in charge of transportation
with almost autocratic power. When the Army of the
Cumberland fell back to Chattanooga it was determined to
transfer the 11th and 12th corps, under command of Gen.
Hooker, from the Army of the Potomac, to Tennessee. Mr.
Scott found here the opportunity of his life. In eight days
he had collected the transportation and over the worst of
roads, in the face of incredible obstacles, had landed the
two corps, in all 16,000 men with their artillery, transpor
tation and equipments in Middle Tennessee. The blow at
our own line of supply which Bragg had neglected to strike
in sufficient force at the outset, was now impossible.
Still he did not strengthen his hold upon the left bank
of the Tennessee, but contented himself with cavalry raids
in our rear. Then Grant came and took command of the
military division of the Mississippi. Thomas had already
been raised to the command of the Army of the Cum
berland. Our division commander, J. J. Reynolds, had been made
chief of staff and General Absalom Baird had been assigned.
to the command of our division. The Brown's Ferry attack

THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA 255
gave us a lodgment on the left bank of the river and before
Bragg could reinforce his left, Hooker had crossed at
Bridgeport and rations were again available for our
hungry men.
With the opening of the river came again our Lieuten
ant Colonel, but half-recovered from disease, yet eager to
take part in the conflict which impended. The army was
reorganized; the spirits of the soldiers quickly rose from the
depression incident to their condition, and all were eager
for that wonderful fray which closed this most spectacular
of warlike movements.
Two of the Thousand were to leave their names con
nected in a singular way with the city in which we were
thus closely pent-up. Lieutenant Brooks, the artistic topo
grapher of our division, was afterwards to lay out the beau
tiful cemetery, in which so many of his comrades lie, one
of the first interred therein being the gallant Spaulding,
Captain of Company E, who, after being carried by the
men who loved him devotedly, from the very front of the
battle, was doomed to die in the hospital at Chattanooga.
In all the transformations of this wonderful time,
there is hardly a more romantic story than that of Horatio
M. Smith. A country boy, educated at a country school,
he was a clerk in a dry-goods' store at the outbreak of the
war. The morning the Thousand was mustered into ser
vice he came into camp with a dozen recruits he had en
listed the night before, and driven forty miles that they
might be on hand in time. Because of the energy displayed,
his business habits, and attractive qualities he was made
Quartermaster Sergeant. Before we reached Chattanooga,
he had been appointed Lieutenant and Brigade Quarter
master. During the battle of Chickamauga, he especially
attracted the attention of General Reynolds, on whose staff
he served as a volunteer aide, instead of going with the
trains. Soon after reaching Chattanooga he was given charge
of some buildings, in which stores were collected. When
the enemy began to shell us from the point of Lookout Moun-

,>56 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
tain, fearful that his stores might be ignited, he gathered up
a lot of empty barrels, and placed them on the roof and along
the sides, with a camp-kettle hung on each. It was a thor
ough job tidily done, which very soon attracted the atten
tion of General Thomas. Inquiring who had charge of the
building the young lieutenant was ordered to report to his
headquarters. In a few days he was mustered out of ser
vice with the Thousand, having been appointed Captain and
Assistant Quartermaster in the United States Army by
special request of General Thomas, and assigned to duty,
first as Post-Quartermaster of Chattanooga, and after
wards as Depot Quartermaster at that point. As such, all
the vast quantity of material required for the army of Sher
man, during his advance on Atlanta, passed through his
hands. He built the permanent bridge across the river; ran
the railroads centering there ; the steamboats on the river,
and at one time had an army of laborers and clerks under
his control greater in numbers, than the division of which
the Thousand was a part. The value of the stores that
passed through his hands it would be hard to estimate, and
the ability and faithfulness with which he executed the
trust imposed upon him were certified by every commander
who had knowledge of them, to be worthy of all praise.
Thus while we waited for the great transformation scene
which was to end this episode of the great war, fate was
busy with the destinies of those who were her favorites or
had the power to compel her favor by doing the right thing
at just the right time.
There was no question of the army's ability to hold
Chattanooga against the enemy and the scarcity of supplies
came upon them so gradually that it was hardly realized
until it was practically at an end . Instead of being demor
alized, the army was in a peculiarly resolute and confident
mood. This was strengthened by the character of the posi
tion, which, it was evident to the most inexperienced eye,
could only be taken by regular approaches over a wide, open.
and peculiarly exposed plain. Only along the valley of

THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA. 257
Chattanooga Creek upon the right, and from Orchard Knob
on the left flank was such approach at all feasible. The
former seemed the most probable line of approach, and if
one had been there prosecuted with vigor, in connection with
the undisputed possession of the left bank of that stream
and the wooded slope of Lookout Mountain beyond, it
might possibly have compelled the abandonment of the city
before the arrival of reinforcements and supplies.
It is evidence of lack of confidence on the part of the
enemy that he lay for two months before the city, without
either making an assault or opening any line of offensive
works, occupying his men in fortifying the slopes and crest
of Missionary Ridge and the slope of Lookout Mountain
against assault. The reason which General Bragg gave for
this course, that he was without siege artillery and that his
transportation was taxed to the utmost to provide supplies
in a region utterly exhausted, is no doubt sufficient in part
at least, but much more importance should be attached to his
stubborn belief that his enemy would be compelled to evacu
ate the city for lack of supplies. The result of this failure
to attack, was that in the course of a few days every vestige
of apprehension had disappeared among the soldiers of our
army, who began to speculate not on how the enemy was to
be resisted, but how he was to be overcome. None doubted
that he would be attacked, but how the defensive works
that stretched almost an unbroken line along the crest and
side of Missionary Ridge were to be broken, it was not easy
to determine. The peculiarity of the situation and one
which should have negatived all idea of demoralization on
the part of the Army of the Cumberland, was that the be
sieged were thinking all the time of attack, and the besiegers
planning only for defence.
This is attested by the contents of half a dozen jour
nals kept from day to day during the siege. Some passages
from the diary of Captain A. G. Wilcox, of Company F, a
graduate of Oberlin, and since the close of the war a sue-

258 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
cessful publisher and business man of Minneapolis, very
clearly exemplify what has been said, besides giving an
idea of the situation hardly attainable, except from con
temporary narrative. It begins two days after the battle of
Chickamauga. Chattanooga, Tenn., Sept. 22, 1863.
Last night at midnight we fell back to this place. It
is strong by nature, and a line of earthworks nearly com
pleted extends around it. The Confederates threw them up
to resist our expected attack, and left them for us to use in
resisting theirs. It is being rapidly strengthened and com
pleted. Captain Edwards, who has been in command of
the regiment since Major Perkins was wounded (on the 1 9th),
has shown himself a very capable officer. He has got the
regiment into shape in a good position, and is, I think, anx
ious .for another fight. I don't blame him. He took com
mand at a hard time, and feels that he will not get full
credit for what he did. He will probably get another
chance soon. A demonstration is being made by the enemy
on our left, but with a clear field for a thousand yards in
front, a mountain on our right, and a formidable ridge on
our left, we are ready for Bragg and his aruay. Why could
not Chickamauga have been fought here? If Bragg attacks
he will not get away with enough men for another campaign.
This modest and conscientious officer, with the roar of
useless battle still in his ears and with pity for his dead
comrades yet fresh in his heart, enters in his journal on the
very first day after his arrival in the beleaguered city, the
question which the future will always ask when it makes
mention of that strange conflict in the woods of Chicka
mauga. The same night he adds:
9 p. m. — Skirmishing all along the line, but no serious
fighting. At one time during the day, a rumor flew over
the camp that the army would cross the river in retreat, and
I never saw so gloomy a regiment. But now, with a good
prospect for a fight tomorrow, the men are positively gay.

THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA. 259
To fight is not so bad, but to give up all that we have
fought to win is terrible. Sept. 23d, 1863,
No fighting today, but large trains have been seen
moving round our left. Rifle pits have been strengthened.
We worked Colonel Long's house into the pits and the fort
on which our right rests. Expect an attack tomorrow
morning. Ran up a flag over the fort today, and Harris'
battery fired a few shells at the rebel picket line, which was
in plain sight. One of the shells struck a chimney which
remained standing after the house was burned to prevent
its giving shelter to the enemy, behind which a rebel picket
was located which was annoying our men. The way they
scattered when the chimney came tumbling down was funny
enough to us and started a cheer along the, whole line.
Sept. 24.
At work on fort; slight skirmish this morning. To
day, General Rosecrans rode along the line, and stopped
here and there to talk with officers and men. The way the
men rushed out to greet him showed that he had lost none
of his popularity among the rank and file on account ofthe
disaster at Chickamauga. The air was full of hats and
cheers. His personal magnetism might make him a suc
cessful leader in a charge, but he could never have checked
a retreat and mada the last stand at Chickamauga as Thomas
•did. The boys never throw up their hats for Thomas — I
believe, in spite of his modest ways, he would rather like it
if they did — but in a fight they are always glad to see "Old
Pap" looking after things, and will stay with him to the
end. Thomas is always cool and his men can't be stam
peded. To a casual observer, "Rosy" would seem to be
the idol of the army, but if officers and men were to choose
a commander by vote, I believe Thomas would be elected.
The only fear now is that Bragg may cross the river, threaten
our rear, and compel us to follow him.

200 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
Sept. 25.
Rumors that Rosecrans came back to Chattanooga with
the defeated wing of the army, while Garfield joined Thomas
where the unbroken portion of the line held the field until
night. Rosecrans, of course, thought the battle was lost.
Sept. 26.
On picket. Rebels in sight and range, but no shoot
ing. Heavy skirmishing to both right and left of us.
Sept. 27.
Went across river to find company wagon and get mess
chest. Rebels have planted heavy guns and are preparing to
starve us out. Rumor says that Bragg demanded a sur
render and threatened to shell the town . The wounded are
coming in under a flag of truce. Oct. 2.
Heavy rains. It is reported that Lee is visiting Bragg,
and that the advance of Grant's reinforcements have ar
rived. (This probably refers to the arrival of Hooker's
advance in Tennessee.) Rebels have been moving all day
from their right to left. Oct. 3.
Rumors of consolidation of 20 and 21 corps under
Gordon Granger and military commission to investigate
McCook and Crittenden for alleged misconduct at Chicka
mauga. Rebels opened on us with 32 pounder from the
slope of Lookout. Three shots struck near our regimental
line, but hurt nobody. Oct. 6.
Shelled us nearly all night. Quiet on account of fog
this morning. No firing today. Heavy cannonading in the
distance. That is accounted for by the absurd rumor that
Long-street's corps has refused to obey Bragg's orders and
that Bragg had turned out the rest of the army to reduce
him to obedience. (This report was not only current, but
very generally believed. It was said to have been brought
by the ubiquitous "deserter." — Ed.)

THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA. 201
Oct. 7.
Chilly rain. Rebel and Union papers predict that
Bragg will make a desperate effort to regain this place. Ra
tions are scarce. There is no corn within thirty miles and
each train needs a division as guard. Roads are almost
impassable. Report that Hooker has won a small fight in
Trenton "Valley. Rebels in front are silent. Oct. 8.
On picket. Sentinels so near the enemy's picket that
they can talk across the line. No firing. They pace their
beats eyeing each other like deadly enemies as a part of the
great machine of war, named the army, but personally dis
posed to be the best of friends. For a time, papers and
tobacco were freely exchanged, but that is now forbidden. Oct. 9.
Orders came last night to be ready for a night assault.
Rebel papers say Bragg's victory at Chickamauga is of no
avail unless he routs us out of Chattanooga. Oct. 13.
Election today; 284 votes polled in regiment, all but
one for B rough. (Brough was the Union candidate for
governor of Ohio.) The loyal majority in Ohio is expected
to reach 75,000. Oct. 14.
Post at McMinnville captured with 585 men. Rose
crans has ordered the officers tried, and says "No surrender'
must be the order for bridge guaids and garrisons. (This
capture was one result of a Confederate cavalry raid on our
communications. Our cavalry under General Crook was so
close upon them that they had time to do but little damage. )
Oct. 18.
Official reports from elections give Brough 70,000 ma
jority on home vote. Curtin 50,000 in Pennsylvania and
Iowa loyal by 15,000. Last night the rebels waked the
echoes in the hills with their shouts over some news that

2G2 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
suited them. Today we answer with cheers over the elec
tions. With the backing of a loyal people, the army will
take care of the rebellion. Oct. 21.
Today Rosecrans' farewell to his army was read at
dress parade. Rumor that he goes to the Army of the Po
tomac; and another that he is removed for incompetency.
The last is not credited, and the former is not probable.
Grand old General Thomas takes command of our Army of
the Cumberland. General Grant becomes the head of the
new Division of the Mississippi, embracing the army of the
Cumberland, Burnside's Army of the Ohio, Sherman's Army
of the Mississippi and Hooker's 11th and 12th corps. Ra
tions short, — less than' one- third. Oct. 22.
Picket today; our brigade covering the entire division
line. Line runs along the bank of Chattanooga Creek.
Could throw a stone to where the rebel outposts stand.
Our general officers approach the line, and rebel generals
and staffs are frequently in sight. Killing men on picket is
murder, not war. Our heavy guns have fired constantly
today, and the shells bursting on the slopes of Lookout
wake echoes which sound like musketry. Oct. 23.
A wagon train of supplies came in today. Roads al
most impassable. Mules are half starved and weak; so
wagons come light. Mules and horses are shot by hun
dreds to save from starvation. We must soon have Look
out, the valley and the river or starve Oct. 24.
Rumor says Grant is here and the cars are running to
Falling Water, seventeen miles up the river. The change
of commanders is an experiment. Twelve pounds of crack
ers, eight of meat and a little coffee for five of us for five
days.

THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA: 20.')
Oct. 27.
Brisk cannonading and musketry, this morning, at day
break. General Turchin's brigade went down the river last
night with some pontoon boats, surprised a brigade of the
enemy, and drove them back after a sharp fight, clearing
the river for our boats. Men are starving here; saw a man
today picking kernels of corn out of the dirt, and eating them.
He was the picture of misery. Men go to bed tonight
without supper and get nothing more until day after tomor
row. Mule-meat is considered a luxury. Oct. 29.
Last night there was heavy musketry and artillery in
the valley west of Lookout. There were two distinct at
tacks and each lasted nearly two hours, with a lull between
them. For a time the roar of musketry was appalling, as
it came to us in the still night air. Rumor has it that
Hooker had gained an advanced position and entrenched,
and that Longstreet tried in vain to dislodge him by his des
perate attacks. Batteries on top of Lookout have been fir
ing into that valley today. There must have been an ad
vance of our lines Oct. 31.
Camp fires indicate an increased rebel force on the east
side of Lookout. Boat up last night with 35,000 rations
and will make a like trip every twenty-four hours. Rebels
sent a raft down and broke our pontoon bridge so that we
get nothing today. Nov. 4.
The pickets still fraternize. Yesterday the owner of
one of a lot of horses which were pasturing between the
lines went out to catch him, and he ran over to the rebel
line. The Yankee owner asked permission to go after him,
and got the permission and the horse too, the rebel picket
helping him to catch the horse and mount. As he rode
back to our lines, three rebel horses which had been feed-
intr on the same ground ran into our lines and were caught

2 04 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
and driven back to their owners. Such amenities would
seem incredible to one not a soldier. Colonel George, com
manding brigade, says Rosecrans should never have fought
Bragg at Chickamauga, but should have concentrated his
forces at Chattanooga as soon as it was abandoned by Bragg
and made a secure base of supplies. Nov. 12.
No rations accumulate at the landing. Wagon trains
take supplies to the starving city, as fast as boats bring
them. Refugees go north, starved out, when they can.
Deserters come in frequently, particularly into Hooker's
lines, it is said. There is a good deal of sparring between
our men and Hooker's, who are just from the Potomac.
Our boys ask them if they are out of butter, and where
their paper collars are, and call out "All quiet on the Poto
mac." Hooker's boys think we have never had a battle in
the west, only a few light skirmishes, Nov. 18.
Cannonading and musketry in Lookout Valley yester
day. Rumor that an attempt was made to take Lookout
but failed. Nov. 22.
On night of the 20th we got orders to march at 4 a. m.,
with two days' rations and 100 rounds of ammunition. A
few hours later, order was countermanded. Rumored that
Burnside has been "cleaned out," and another report that
he is all right. Sherman's corps is here and has landed at
foot of Mission Ridge, next the river. Howard has joined
him. Orders have come to move at four tomorrow morn
ing. Rumor that Mission Ridge is to be taken. It looks
like a Gibraltar, not to be taken by assault. The Colonel
(Tolles) made a neat speech to the regiment on parade and
intimated that we would meet the enemy again soon.
The Thousand slept peacefully that night in the camp
which had been their home for two months. Every one
knew that tomorrow would be the beginning of the end of

THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA.

205

¦a siege memorable in history for its bloodless character.
That night about the camp-fires its incidents were rehearsed
with the appreciative humor which comes only from high
spirits. Aside from short rations there was even little of
discomfort experienced by the besieged.
There were some quaint experiences, and more than one
journal bears evidences of the scholarly leisure which the
members of the Thousand enjoyed during those bright
autumnal days. How
did they get so many
books t o read ? A
school of some note had
been located at this
point, and a brother of
Sergeant Warner had
been a professor in it
little more than a year
before. It is possible
that this may account
for so many volumes
of standard literature
coming into the tents
of the Thousand. They
were men who could
appreciate good litera
ture, and there was
„ -, x, w little harm in borrow-
Sekgt. J. K. Warner.
(i8S0) ing what had otherwise
surely been destroyed. Did they ever return them? Thare
was none to claim them when we marched away.
One of the most curious incidents connected with the
siege was the absolute disappearance of an immense stock
of tobacco, which was stored in warehouses along the river.
It is said that certain northern men who happened to be
d welling within the limits of the Confederacy, confident of its
sudden downfall, had disposed of their possessions for Con-

200 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
federate money, and investing the proceeds in "Lone
Jack" and "Kinnikinnick, " had shipped it to Chattanooga,
as the point most liable to early capture by the Union
forces, hoping thereby to make the exchange from Confed
erate currency into ' 'greenbacks, " not only expeditiously but
profitably. There were said to be some hundreds of thou
sands of pounds of the fragrant weed, packed in little bales
and snugly stowed in these warehouses. Immediately on
the occupation of the town by our forces, the owners who
had remained to be captured with their wares, made applic-
tion for protection for their property, and an order was is-
iued that a guard should be stationed in front of the prem
ises. By some accident a line was drawn under the word
" front," which the officer mistook for a mark of emphasis,
and was so careful to obey that he quite forgot to station
guards on the other sides of the buildings, which being thus
exposed, were entered and the tobacco removed. So
abundant was the supply, that no smoker lacked a pipeful,
even when it was impossible to get bread or meat for love
or money, and many a survivor of that day believes that
his ability to keep up the fatigue of "picket every "three
days" upon such meager fare, was due to the soothing in
fluences of this abundant supply of Nicotiana. Such theory
would, of course, be scouted by those who seriously believe
that tobacco is " is an Indian weed which from the devil
doth proceed," but their objection will not change the vet
eran's belief.
Years afterwards, the writer has been informed, the
owners sought to recover from the government, pay for the
tobacco thus converted into "Soldiers' Comfort," without
the intervention of the sutler. Whether they succeeded in
their suit is not known, but if the sum demanded was not
too great, the government could well afford to pay for
the same as a means of preserving contentment among the
beleaguered soldiery.
The health of the army was remarkably good during
the entire siege and there was something in the situation, the

THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA. 267
circling hills to the eastward, the great mountain hanging
over us to the south; the swift, dark river which circled
round the now barren promontory covered with red lines of
earthwork, and formidable bastions, dotted with white tents
and populous with soldiery, that seemed to promote confi
dence and beget impatience. From the dark-visaged
lieutenant-colonel, who returning from his sick leave, felt
himself aggrieved that he had missed a fight, down to the
youngest drummer boy, every one was full of anticipation
of the victory we were to win when we should move against
" the Johnnies."
The sentiment was greatly strengthened by the com
mingling of the men from the three great armies of the
Union. Sherman's bronzed veterans fresh from victory on
the Mississippi, with "Vicksburg" ever on their lips, and
the natty soldiers of Hooker, with their handsome com
mander, and the long record of triumph and defeat of the
Army of the Potomac, had come in hot haste to bring re
lief to the Armj' of the Cumberland. All of these, together
with Burnside's Army in East Tennessee had been united
under the command of the victor of Donelson, Shiloh, Vicks
burg and a score of intermediate battlefields — these armies
amounting to twelve corps, numbering, present and absent,
over four hundred thousand men, and embracing four de
partments — constituted the largest military command ever
held by an American up to that time — a command especially
organized for the new military genius who was to pause for a
brief moment at Chattanooga on his way eastward to
supreme command on the Potomac to win new laurels.
Each army felt its honor peculiarly at stake in the con
flict which impended. The Army of the Tennessee, held the
left, strengthened by a part of Howard's corps. This was
expected to be the critical point, and it was natural tha^
Grant should assign the post of honor to his old soldiers,
and his tried lieutenant, Sherman. Hooker was on the
right charged either to make his way over the nose of Look

208 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
out, or passing around it, to throw his force across the river
and push forward against the enemy's right center at Ross
ville. For a fortnight, the bands of the opposing hosts' had
sounded defiance to each other from echoing crest to crest.
The watchfires burned thickly along the now denuded sides
of Missionary Ridge, and on the eastern slope of Lookout.
The battle of Wauhatchie gave the first decided advantage
to the Army of the Potomac; but a brigade of our division,
Turchin's, had won great glory in the Brown's Ferry affair,
which though almost bloodless, was a matter of great daring,
executed with ccolness and skill ; while the Army of the
Tennessee had made one of the most remarkable marches in
history, from the banks of the Mississippi to the crag-en
circled arena on the Tennesse, fearful that the battle would
be fought before they should arrive. Thus honors were
easy with the soldiers of the three united armies, while the
cavalry inspirited by their successful pursuit of the force
sent to operate on our communications, was again massed
and thrown to our left to divert the enemy from Burnside,
whose exposed situation at Knoxville was a source of con
stant anxiety to the government and the general command
ing. Everything was prepared, and the general on the suc
cess of whose arrangements all depended, walked quietly
through the midst of his new soldiers and would have passed
the camp of the Thousand unrecognized, had not Sergeant
Parker, the most painstaking of diarists, who was to become
the Nestor from whose decision in regard to the movements
of the Thousand there is no appeal, happened to be on duty
that day, A little while before, when Grant first came to
Chattanooga, the Sergeant v>as a sitter in the tent of an
army photographer, when Grant came to be photographed
to gratify the curiosity of an old friend who desired to see
how he looked in the new command to which he had been
active in urging his advancement. The photographer
would have hustled the boyish sergeant out of the chair and

THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA. 2Cf>
his tent, too, for that matter, but the great General would
not permit it. So the blushing youngster was photographed
while the commander of the Military Division of the Missis
sippi, the autocrat of half a dozen states, who held in his
hand the destiny of the Union, waited his turn.
While the army waited confident and exulting, Grant
wandered among the camps of his new army seeking- to
gather the spirit of the soldiers who were to act under his
leadership on the morrow, to whom his features were yet
only half known.

XXI.

Capt. Wallace.
(1803.)

BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN.
WHAT a glorious battle amphitheater!
Never before were two armies mustered
for conflict with such spectacular environ
ment! Never were the pride and pomp
of war displayed in such magnificent
setting! From the rebel signal station
on the crest of Lookout Mountain, every
movement of our army, from the Valley
of the Wauhatchie on the right to a point
opposite the mouth of Chickamauga
Creek on the left, was clearly visible, ex
cept where a spur of Walden's Ridge
hid some of Sherman's forces from view. It must have
been a thrilling scene to the Confederate watcher, whose
swift-moving flags told his commander, at his headquarters
on Missionary Ridge, each significant feature of the mighty
panorama unfolding at his feet. In Wauhatchie Valley
everything was astir. At the foot of Lookout men were
busy repairing the pontoon bridge, which had broken the
day before. The battery on Moccasin Point was thunder
ing angrily against the craggy face of Lookout. There was
some movement of troops in Lookout Valley, but what it
portended he could not discover. Beyond the river, to the
westward, the gleam of bayonets and glint of flags told of a
force moving northward. How many there were or what was
their object he could not determine. From the city of tents
that crowned the hills of Chattanooga, a host — that may well
have seemed numberless to him — poured forth over the red
270

BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN.

271

redoubts, past the line of works, long since made impreg
nable to assault, and marched column after column, blue-
clad and steel-crowned, into the bare, almost treeless plain

Capt. William Wallace.
1894.
William Wallace was born near Belfast, Antrim Co., Ireland, January
13, 1841, and came to this country at an early age. Prom the age of 14 to en
listment, Aug. 21, 1862, was a clerk in a country store. Was enlisted as 4th
sergeant of Co. I, and served as such until January 17, 1863, received commis
sion as 2d lieutenant, and on May 2d, 1863, was promoted to captain of Com-
pinyl, and remained with the regiment as such until the close of the war.
Took part in all the marches and battles of the regiment ; was never wounded
or sick which enabled him to be present for duty at all times. On returning
home, found that his old position as clerk, was open to him, which position he
retained for 21 years; then engaged in mercantile business for himself for 16
years. Was auditor of Trumbull County from 1883 to 1890, when was elected
to legislature to represent the Trumbull and Mahoning district; was on the
State Board of Equalization for one year. At the organization of the Warren
Savings Bank Company, was elected treasurer, which position he still holds.

272 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
that lay between our lines and the Confederate works at the
foot of Missionary Ridge. Flags danced in the bright sun
shine. Bands played. The air was full of shouts. The
artillery along our whole line opened on the enemy.
Thomas, with the Army of the Cumberland, was in the cen
ter, between Chattanooga and the Ridge. Hooker, with
his troops from the Army of the Potomac, lay beyond Look
out Mountain on the right. Sherman, with two corps of
the Army of the Tennessee and Jeff. C. Davis' division of
the Fourteenth Corps, lay on the west bank of the river,
opposite the north end of Missionary Ridge, ready to leap
across and attack the most undefended point in the enemy's
line. As they marched out upon the plain, the columns of
the Army of the Cumberland deployed, until an almost con
tinuous line stretched from Chattanooga Creek to a point
opposite the right of the enemy on Missionary Ridge. No
wonder that the hearts of the Confederates throbbed with
apprehension as they looked at this array. A soldier learns
instinctively the science of war, and, despite its apparent
strength, there was something in the position of the Con
federate army which showed its soldiers that when its flank
were turned, as it was but too easy for an enterprising
enemy to do, its center must inevitably break. The semi-
lune stretching from the river above, along Missionary
Ridge to Lookout Mountain, was strong in inaccessibility of '
its parts, but weak in power to protect its rear or strengthen
quickly exposed- flanks. The soldiers did not formulate
these defects, but felt them.
Many changes had been made in the environment of
the Thousand since we entered Chattanooga. General
Thomas had been promoted from the command of the Four
teenth Corps to the Department of the Cumberland, which
now embraced the Fourth, Fourteenth, Eleventh and
Twelfth Corps. The two latter were nominally under Gen
eral Hooker, who was thus really a second in command in
the Army of the Cumberland. As it chanced, however, he

THE BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 273
was at this time without the Eleventh Corps and had two
divisions of Sherman's and two brigades of the Fourteenth
Corps instead under his command.
General John M. Palmer was in command of the Four
teenth Corps. Our old division commander, J. J. Reynolds,
had been made Chief of Staff of the department, and in his

Capt. D. B. Stambaugh.
Daniel B. Stambaugh was born at Brier Hill. Mahoning Co., O., April 6
1838. Received a common school education. Working on farm when enlisted
Apra,1861, in Co. B, 19th O. I. V., in three months' service. Enlisted as private
with 105th, in July, 1862. Was mustered as 2d lieutenant, and promoted
respectively to 1st lieutenant and captain. Remained w.th regiment until the
close of the war. Returned. to Youngstown, O., and became identified with
the coal and iron interests of this valley, and is still engaged in it, also the^
hardware business and is president of the Stambaugh, Thompson Co.

274 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
place was General Absalom Baird, a younger man, of fas
cinating personality and a splendid record. Our division
was now the third of the Fourteenth Corps. To our brigade
three regiments had been added, one of which furnished its
commander, Colonel James George. So that when we
marched out over the breastworks at the left of Fort Neg
ley the second brigade of the Third Division consisted of
the 75th, 87th and 101st Indiana, the 9th, 35th and 105th
Ohio and the 2d Minnesota. On our left was Hazen's bri
gade of Wood's Division of the Fourth Corps. Before us,
half-way to Missionary Ridge almost, was the chain of hills,
of which Orchard Knob is the most important. This was
the enemy's advance position. Our guns fired over us at
the enemy; the enemy's shot swept by us, doing little dam
age. Our old commander, Reynolds, rode past, while we
lay in line, and singling out the regiment, he rode along its
front, reminding us of the charge we had made by his order
at Chickamauga. We cheered him when he said we would
soon have another chance at the enemy. It did not need a
prophet or a Chief of Staff to tell us that. However, every
body was cheering at every opportunity all up and down
the line. The enemy fired on us with some heavy guns on
the Ridge, but their shots fell short. We saw them stand
ing on their works and watching our maneuvers. It must
have been an imposing sight to them. There were muster
ed on the plain that day, in full view of the enemy, nigh
fifty thousand men, with more than one hundred guns, in
cluding the heavy guns in the forts along our line. The
movements of these forces must have greatly magnified
their apparent numbers.
WTe waited and speculated — Colonel Tolles standing, be
side his black horse, impatient for the fray to begin. Now
and then a shot from the crest of Lookout was answered by
our guns on Moccasin Point. Neither did any harm, but
the echoes, rolling back and forth, added to the romantic
character of the battle-scene. About noon the fire grew
hotter on our left. Half an hour later WTood's Division

THE BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 275
moved to the assault of Orchard Knob. We followed, sup
porting their right. It was nigh half a mile away; but
when we reached the hills and looked back, the whole world
seemed alive. Waves of blue were swelling over hillock and
plain; the great guns of the forts were belching harm
less shots over our heads. The enemy were fleeing to
their next line of works, a mile away, at the foot of the
Ridge. We had captured four hundred men, and had left
one hundred dead and wounded on the way.
From end to end of our line; from those who remained
in the works; from the Army of the Cumberland and the
Army of the Potomac; from all who saw and all who heard,
rose clamorous cheers over this first success in a movement
which was to be so full of wonderful spectacles. The enemy
looked down upon us from the crest of the Ridge and yelled
back defiance. We thought there was a note of doubt in
the yell, -as, no doubt, there was.
The day closed bleak and dreary. We could now
clearly see the enemy's works. Those at the foot of the
Ridge did not seem very strong, but along its crest was a
heavy line with batteries on projecting points, which seemed
to enfilade every foot of space between.

It rained all night. In the morning the rebel pickets
were in plain sight. There was no advance, but the cannon
ading from Fort Wood and all the forts along our line was
terrific. The batteries on our line of battle also opened fire
upon the Confederate works at the foot of the Ridge. The
crest seemed alive with cannon, whose shots plunged down
upon us in the plain below, for the most part, harmlessly.
Then came the echoes through the fog of shots up the
river and we knew that Sherman had crossed and begun to
hammer away at the end of the Ridge. Troops were hur
ried along it to meet him, and Howard was pushed out to
the left of Granger to make connection with him when he
should drive the enemy back. But the enemy did notdrive.

270 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
They held their position across the ridge and Sherman kept
on hammering. Then behind us, — over beyond the crest of
Lookout we heard the echo of musketry. What did it
mean? The soldier soon becomes a strategist. , As we lay
and listened there was no lack of theorizing. It was the
general belief that Bragg had concentrated on Hooker, who
we knew had been weakened by taking awaj' Howard's Corps,
which was on the left of Granger. We did not know that
Osterhaus' Division and two brigades of our own corps, in
part made up for their absence. Would the enemy succeed
in driving Hooker out of the valley? After a little it be
came apparent that the fire was coming nearer. A white
mist, the remnant of the night's storm, still hung about the
nose of Lookout. Now and then, the wind swept it aside,.
till we could see the crest; sometimes the palisades below.
Anon, the white veil would settle over it all and only tho
rattle of musketry would come out of the sunlit cloud. All
at once it flashed upon us that this demonstration against
the Ridge in our front was a feint and that Hooker was try
ing to take the Lookout — was taking it as we were soon as
sured. After a while faint cheers could be heard. How
intently we listened. "That's no corn bread yell" went
along the line, as every eye and eveiy field-glass was turned
toward the cloud-veiled Mountain. The artillery ceased
firing and the two vast armies of Grant and Bragg, in'
breathless suspense, awaited the outcome of the contest
which both realized was no ' ' feint, " but a fight to the death.
Again and again, the "mudsill" cheer rang, out, each time
nearer the palisaded crest. Soon a faint grey line appeared
in the open field on the slope of Lookout. Even with
the naked eye, it was apparent that it was dis
organized and falling back. Through the smoke
and mist, the colors sometimes flashed. The gray
masses fell slowly back, and a line of blue appeared. As
the crimson of the old flag was recognized, Grant's army
broke out into cheer after cheer, which must have been
inspiring to Hooker's men, and appalling to the enemy.

THE BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 277
With scarcely a halt to reform, the line of blue moved for
ward, General Hooker riding his white horse, following
close upon the charging column. The Confederates, fell
slowly back, rallying and breaking again, until with a sud
den rush they made for a line of works which seemed exten
ded from the foot of the palisade down the slope between
the timber and the open field. Here they made a last stand ;
with a rush our brave fellows swept up to the works, but so
stubborn was the resistance that for a moment it seemed to
us that the lines and colors were intermingled and the assail
ants, captured. But the enemy's colors soon broke to. the
rear, and disappeared in the woods. The clouds settled
down over the scene and only desultory firing was kept up.
Until night-fall and even after, a few scattering shots were
heard on the slope. Then all was still. The audacity of
the plan and the suddenness of its execution paralyzed the
enemy, and amazed those who witnessed its execution.
But few soldiers ever see a battle . We heard Chicka
mauga, but as for seeing it, it might as well have been
fought in the dark. Thousands of men, on both sides, saw
Hooker's battle or all that the mist permitted to be seen.
Those with field-glasses could see men drop out of the line,
dead or wounded. Without a glass one could only dis
tinguish the lines and masses of troops by the gray or blue,
and the crimson of the colors. That night one of the
Thousand wrote by the light of his camp-fire.:
"It is clear now that Bragg is outgeneraled and our
communications cleared. At this time, 9 p.m., the whole
side of Lookout is ablaze with camp-fires, and the flashes of
the rifles of the pickets show where the lines of the two
armies rest.
' ' When the Army recovered from its first feeling of
amazement at the audacity of the plan which had been
fought out with such dash and courage, enthusiasm was
unbounded, and for hours the long lines rang with cheer
after cheer which were echoed and re-echoed by Missionary

278 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
Ridge and by Lookout, until the whole valley seemed alive
with shouting men. We expected to return to camp to
night, but have orders to sleep on our arms. This means
a move to-morrow. Most of those who remained in camp
have come out to rejoice with us over Hooker's victory
above the clouds."

XXII.

On the Crest of Lookout.
From a War Time Photograph.

MISSIONARY RIDGE. The morning showed the
Stars and Stripes floating
on the crest of Lookout.
The army greeted them with
cheers. Then the firing
grew hot upon the left, ris
ing and falling in refluent
waves. By and by, we were
moved past Fort Wood over
to the left so as to join with
Sherman. An hour after,
we were in plain sight of
the enemy's forces on Mis
sionary Ridge, and there is
no doubt that the moral
effect of great bodies of men
marching, counter-march
ing, and forming in line in
their front, while a battle
raged upon their right, and
another impended on the
left, had much to do with
the victory that came after
wards. Apparently the Con
federate position was im

pregnable to assault. Until Lookout Mountain was carried,

ON THE CREST OF LOOKOUT.
Color Sergeant Andrew Geddes carried the colors of the 105th in every
march and battle in which the regiment engaged, from the time they were
279

280 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
the Confederate soldiery had felt secure. With their dis-
lodgment from that stronghold, they lost confidence in
the position they held, and our movements in the great
amphitheater below, magnified our numbers. A man rarely
sees the whole of an army, and though the Army of the
Cumberland had dwindled, before the attack was made, to
hardly more than twenty thousand men, thee times that
number had first and last, appeared in battle array upon
the plain. The effect of fighting a battle on the right and
another on the left, with seemingly undiminished numbers
still remaining in the center, was to dishearten the Confed
erate soldiery to such an extent that when the assault came
they broke and fled in a manner fiot less incomprehensible
to their officers than to us. " You'uns must have had
mor'n a million men," said one of the prisoners to the
writer. " I seed 'em a marchin' an' counter-marchin' fer
three days an' knowed ther warn't no use in fightin' that
many !"
They had, too, the soldier's fear of being flanked.
They expected the troops which scaled Lookout the daj
before would pass to the rear of Missionary Ridge and
assail their left flank, and that Sherman would cross to the
north side of South Chickamauga Creek and turn their right
flank. General Jeff. C. Davis begged that he might be
allowed to do this, and it is strange that his request was
not granted by Gen. Sherman. Bragg's army would have
been little trouble to any one after that day if it had.
"Of the nine divisions belonging to the Army of the
Cumberland, on the field of battle, three were with Sher
man and two with Hooker, " when the signal for the advance
was given. Baird's, Wood's, Sherman's and Johnson's
divisions only remained, ranged from left to right in the

first presented about the middle of January, 1863, until the close of the war.
Though the colors were literally shot to rags, the staff struck by bullets sev
eral times and his clothes cut by them more than once, he was never once
touched and still survives, an honored citizen of Philadelphia, Pa. The pic
ture given above is from a photograph of him and the colors taken on Lookout
Mountain soon after its capture.

MISSIONARY RIDGE.

281

order named. There has been much controversy in regard
to what the general commanding intended to accomplish
when he ordered this assault. His own account of it is not
entirely consistent with the impression one gathers from his

MAJOR-GEN. ABSALOM BAIRD.

previous orders. The probability is that it was a sudden
inspiration, —a determination to make the move and abide
the results — which so often decides not only the fortune of

282 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
battle, but all other human hazards. That he expected to
divert so many of the enemy's forces from the right as to
enable Sherman to reach his right rear and so end the con
test is not unlikely. That he expected these four divisions
to scale that shingly crest, four hundred feet high, sharp
and steep, surmounted by a continuous line of works and
enfiladed by sixty guns, is not within the range of proba
bility. He knew with the unerring instinct of genius, that
the crisis of the fight had come and threw forward the only
force at his hand to precipitate a conclusion.
It was three o'clock in the afternoon when the signal
guns were fired on Orchard Knob. A lieutenant of j the
Thousand, half-disabled by a fall into one of the njany
ditches that lined our works, which had re-opened an old
wound, was left in the camp, which was kept by a small
guard, and served as a base of supplies for our comrades in
arms, to whom the cooks took every day, some part of the
rations here prepared. Perhaps he was in command ;j but
the duty was not onerous nor confining. He had never
seen a battle before, — only bits of battles which had qome
under bis observation from his place in the line. Through
the favor of an old commander, he procured a horse , and
leave to serve as a volunteer aide-de-camp. This gave him
the range of the field, and in consideration of his disability,
leave to do pretty much as he chose. During the two pre
ceding days of battle, he had been everywhere, — watching,
inquiring, delighting in the magnificent spectacle. He had
been with Sherman on the left and made his way across the
creek to meet Hooker's men as they swept down the north
slope of Lookout. When the signal came he was on
Orchard Knob. As the artillery broke forth in one long
roar, the whole line of the Army of the Cumberland from
left to right, sprang up and for a few moments seemed to
advance in orderly array toward the works at the foot of the
Ridge. When they came in close range they broke into a
run. All the time, the enemy's artillery on the crest of the
Ridge, was pouring into them a fire which it seemed must

MISSIONARY RIDGE.

283

annihilate them all. Every one who saw it held his breath
in wonder that they still kept on. As they neared the
works, a line of smoke burst out on the gray hillside, an
other, and then we saw the Confederates scrambling up the
steep incline towards the upper line of works. Every one
drew a breath of relief. The upper works were still a line
of flames and the cannon on the ridge still fired incessantly.

COL. WILLIAM R. TOLLES.
(From a Photograph.)
Would our men be able to hold what they had gained?
That was the question in every mind. It did not seem
possible. While we waited we saw here and there a stand
of colors shoot upwards from the works; behind each a
straggling wedge-shaped mass of blue! Another, another
and another! The whole line was moving! Scrambling,
falling, pushing on! First one flag would be in advance,
and then another! How beautiful the white and crimson
showed against the dull hillside! Now men grew pale as
they looked on holding their breath! There seemed no sem-

284 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
blance of order, only struggling crowds fired by a fierce
rivalry to outdo each other! Here and there a mounted
officer was seen! Up the sloping road which reached the
summit just at the left of Bragg's headquarters, we could
see through our glasses a man on a black horse riding as
leisurely as if the air about him was not full of shells. On,
on, the . wedged-shaped columns pressed while every heart
stood still with fear! If they should be repulsed! If the
enemy should hurl them back and follow them down the
sharp slope! ' There was no reserve. Between Hooker,
whose guns were just opening upon the enemy's left, to
Sherman away across Citico on his right, there was nothing
to resist a counter- charge should this be repulsed! Groans
and hurried sighs burst forth from the pale, set lips of those
who watched — veterans to whom what was being attempted
before their eyes, was a sheer, incredible, impossible thing!
The lieutenant shut his eyes in dread of what he might
see. He beheld his comrades overthrown, hurled back,
pursued! He heard a half -incredulous exclamation of sur
prise! A sigh of relief! He looked again! A flag had
reached 'the crest! Another and another! Almost before
they could be counted, in half a dozen places, the Stars and
Stripes were planted on the line of red-clay rifle-pits that
zig-zagged along the narrow crest! Then a shout went up
from every spectator in the mighty amphitheater! Men
clasped each other's hands! Clung to each other's necks!
Shouted and wept and pointed to the Ridge where the enemy
could be seen in hurried flight, while the victors following
hard upon them, sent back to us their cheers, feeble at first
for want of breath, but continued and uproarious after
wards. As soon as he could spur across the plain, the lieu
tenant was with his comrades. Knowing their position he
had expected to find them decimated at the least. One
killed and two wounded was the list of causal ties! The
God of battles had been kind — marvelously kind — not only
to the Thousand, but to all those engaged in this wonderful
assault.

MISSIONARY RIDGE. 285
How was it that this which seemed impossible was,
after all, so easily achieved? Reference has been made to
the demoralization among the Confederate soldiery caused
by watching for two days an army greater than any of them
had ever seen at one time before, maneuver on the plain,
while they knew from the roar of battle that another great
army was engaged on their flank.
Another thing which has been little considered, no
doubt contributed to the result. The steepness of the slope,
rising out of a flat plain, gave the fire of the Confederate
artillery a plunging character which greatly diminished its
effect, during the charge upon the lower works. When
these were taken, both the artillery and rifle fire from the
crest went very largely over the heads of our men. Every
marksman knows the tendency to over-shoot, under such
circumstances. Every man that is engaged in the charge is
positive that he never faced a hotter fire. No doubt it is
true. Those who watched and those who climbed are alike
able to testify to its intensity, and only the fact that the
fire swept over them because the guns were not sufficiently
depressed, can account not merely for the small compara
tive loss, but for the achievement of so apparently impos
sible an undertaking.
But one who was in the charging line, and who wrote, a
day or two afterwards, his remembrance of what he saw and
felt, shall give the story of his experience :
' ' When the three guns were fired on Orchard Knob, we
did not know what they meant and it was a moment before
we started. I suppose there must have been some delay in
passing the order. However, we got under way as soou
as we saw the division on our right charging across the
field towards the breastworks at the foot of the Ridge. The
rebel skirmishers were soon scattered and fled at a round
pace up the slope.
The fire of two batteries was concentrated on us, and
the shells burst thick and fast about us. Several had struck
near, but no one was harmed as yet. Across the wide field

280

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

we marched, the Colonel riding his black horse, to the
breast- works! A short halt and a run for the hill, up
which our first line had already started! The fire from our
left grew more severe; the shells burst close and seemed to
do deadly work. Our men reached the works; halted a
moment and then crowded on; not in line, but each man
for himself, each seeming
anxious to reach the top
first, and all wild with
the excitement of battle.
We had no orders
and no distinct purpose.
We had captured the
works at the foot of the
Ridge; the enemy were
fleeing up the slope and
we were bound to follow
them. We did not stop
to think whether we could
carry the crest or not —
we did not think at all!
Each man just crowded
on ; here and there one far
ahead, and going on,
others following closely and wearily, for the slope was steep
and long, and then the surging mass, two lines blended in one
confused, and vet united in action, all eager to reach the

Sergt. E. Patchint.

Edward Patchin was born in Newbury, Geauga Co., O., March 6th, 1840.
His boyhood was spent on a farm with the usual district school education. He
enlisted as a private in the 19th O. V. I., April 14th, 1861, and served in the W.
Va. campaign until the close of his three months' service; enlisted as a pri
vate in Co. E, 105th, Aug. 8, 1862; was appointed 4th sergeant, and was drill
master of the company until the battle of Perryville, where he received a
musket ball through the left elbow which permanently disabled him causing
his discharge from the service Dec. 29. 1862. He was elected County Treasurer
of Geauga County in 1866 ; after expiration of the term of office, he engaged in
the insurance business. For the past 12 years he has been State agent of the
Concordia Fire Ins. Co., and now has charge of the company's business in
Ohio, traveling over the whole State appointing agents and adjusting losses.
His home is in Chardon, O.

MISSIONARY RIDGE. 287
enemy. Officers rode to and fro, frantic almost, seeking to
restore order, fearful of the consequences. The wave of
men, drunk with the frenzy of battle, rolled and tumbled
up the hill. I glanced for a minute beyond our line, or our
crowd rather, and saw the old flag on the crest of the next
hill beyond. As far as eye could reach the line of blue
showed that while we had been watching the battle nearest
us, the whole right moved by the same impulse, were sweep
ing up the slope. Turning again, I saw the men, who a
moment before, were on the slope, now almost at the crest,
and moving slowly and painfully, as if out of breath, but
still going up. The colors of different regiments, vied with
each other for the advance. One brave color-bearer push
ed on by painful steps, stopping now and then behind a
tree for breath until he reached the rebel works. The
enemy's flag was waving there defiantly; but he planted
ours beside it and the other flag went down. Then other
colors came up, and were planted on the works. The enemy
fled in wild confusion, and blue and gray covered the hill,
pursurers and pursued. The enemy were already leaving
the point we hoped to gain. Their artillery, four pieces,
was taken, and a new section sent to reinforce it, was cap
tured before it had unlimbered.
Lieutenant Allen, who had been a sergeant in Parson's
battery, got some men together and turned these guns on
the fleeing enemy.
The first line was forming when we reached the top.
Colonel Gleason of the 87th waved his long arm and said,
"Forward, my brave boys," but too slow for our Colonel
Tolles, who, in his shrill voice, commanded, "Tion, 'tallion!
' Der-hup! For'd, double quick — hup!" and the 105th be
came the first line of the brigade following the enemy.
Soon the gallant old 9th Ohio came up, and, halting, we
fired at the enemy, who had been engaged with Sherman,
now turning on us, and in a few moments we had swept the
Ridge.

288 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
That day was the climax of the Colonel's life. Never
before had his coolness and courage shone so clear. Unable,
because of weakness, to breast the hillside with his men, he
followed a road a little to our right, keeping even with our
advance and cheering them by his words and his example.
His horse seemed to know the importance of the occasion,
too. Usually so full of fire, he was staid and quiet, as if
he knew the significance of the great conflict going on
around him,
In our fight upon the crest, where we were saved from
severe loss, chiefly by a little depression, over which we
fired lying down, the Colonel stood by his horse, his hand
upon the bridle, watching the fight. One of the line officers,
too much excited to lie still, rose to his feet and waved his
sword. " Lie down!" commanded the Colonel.
"But, Colonel, you— — " was the hesitating reply.
"It is my duty to stand," was the sharp reply;" and
your duty to lie down!"
How it was I do not know. It seemed as if the fire,
even at Perryville, where we lost one-third of our number
in thirty minutes, was hardly fiercer than we faced here;
yet, when we came to sum up the casualties in the whole
brigade, but four were killed and only a dozen or so
wounded. It was dusk when the red field was won and the firing
ceased. The joy of the men was beyond words. They
walked about, taking each other by the hand, or if a cheer
was started anywhere, catching it up and sending it on with
a will. In this language, which is beyond words, the grati
tude of the army found voice. The wounded lifted weak
hands and voices to shout for victory, and men, whose life
blood was ebbing fast as they lay on the field, thanked God
that the day was won, and died. Night deepened and the
troops prepared " to sleep in the camp of the enemy."
Thousands of fires were lighted on the hill ; groups earnestly-

MISSIONAR Y RID G E. 281)
discussing the chances and glory of the day and the virtues
and valor of the gallant dead, and the tone of thankful joy
grew deeper as one after another brought good news of vic
tory. Ten, twenty, thirty, forty-five and at last sixty,
pieces of artillery were reported to be captured, and ten
thousand prisoners, beside the wounded. Could the enemy
ever recover from such a blow? Would they ever again
boast over the Chickamauga victory? In the far Northern
homes, we knew our friends would gather for the Thanks
giving feast upon the morrow. What a Thanksgiving they
would have if they knew how we had swept away Bragg's
army!

XXIII.

AFTER MISSIONARY RIDGE.
VEN if all other things
had been favorable, the
Federal army could have
made no forward move
ment after the battle of
Missionary Ridge. It
was tied to the river by
which its supplies came.
Besides that, winter was
at hand — a most severe one for
the region in which the two
armies lay. As Thanksgiving
day was dawning, The Thous
and and a large portion of the
Army of the Cumberland
pressed forward on the heels of
the retreating enemy toward Ringgold. All day, the 27th,
they marched forward cautiously, but on the 28th en
countered the enemy in a position from which it was not easy
to dislodge them except by a general advance. On the 29th
The Thousand resumed its march back to Chattanooga, and
on the 30th entered once more its old camp where the tents
were still waiting them.
The campaign had been exactly of a week's duration,
but yet what a wonderful change it had wrought
in the surroundings. There was no enemy now upon
the crest of Missionary Ridge ; only long, red gashes
which told where their works had been, while here and there
290

AFTER MISSIONARY RIDGE. 291
within the city was being heaped up the wreckage of the
great battle. Thousands of stands of arms, some broken,
some complete, piled up like cordwood in some convenient
place, were being counted over and checked off by the officers
and employees of the ordnance corps. Sherman had.
already hurried up the river to the relief of Burnside. The
stars and stripes floated above Lookout, and day by day
streams of blue clad onlookers climbed up the laddered pal
isade, to look over the scene of conflict, and wonder how
the result had been attained. River and trains were being
crowded to their utmost capacity to bring supplies, not
merely for the present needs of the army, but in order to
accumulate enough for the campaign which the spring must
bring and of which Chattanooga must be the point of sup
ply. For two months the regiment lay in Chattanooga, in
the very vortex of that wonderful storm of preparation,
which the amazing, intellectual activity of General Grant
had set in motion.
That was a memorable campaign of preparation which
intervened between the fall campaign of 1863 and the spring
campaign of 1864, in and about Chattanooga. One can
hardly realize its character until he comprehends the fact
that all the vast resources of the Northwest were concen-j
trated upon the accumulation at that point, of supplies of
every sort and character. Arms, ammunition, food, cloth
ing, transportation, horses, mules, cattle, tents, — everything
that an army could need — were hurried forward with a profu
sion and lavishness quite incredible to one who has never
witnessed the concentrated abundance which war provides
for its great engines of destruction , the armies it employs .
The railroads running from Louisville to Nashville, and from
Nashville on to Chattanooga, were crowded to their utmost
capacity. Almost every hour during the few days he re
mained at Chattanooga, General Grant was demanding and
compelling an increase in the number of cars handled by
those roads every twenty-four hours. Two great rivers;

21)2

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

the Cumberland and theTennessee,were crowded with flotillas,
bringing forage and stores to Nashville, and establishing
crowded depots all the way from that point to the Tennessee.
In the meantime an army of civil employees, numbering at one
time more than 8,000 men, were gathered at Chattanooga,
at Bridgeport, in the Trenton Valley, running saw-mills,
making charcoal, working forges, building immense machine
shops, spanning the river with a permanent bridge, build
ing new railroads from the Cumberland to the Tennessee,
laying new tracks, putting up telegraph wires, accumulating
bridge material and extra
engines — doing every
thing that military skill
could suggest and the
unbounded resources of
a great empire supply, to
make the army of Sher
man when it should set
forth on its spring cam
paign the most perfect
of military engines. So,
while the game of war
was still, save for a
battle Burnside was fight
ing up the river, the
work of preparation went
on and the Gibraltar
of the Confederacy was
transformed into the
most perfectly equipped base of operations which
the Federal army of the West ever had. Chattanooga
became a hive of industry, the hum of whose labors
never ceased by night or day ; for war was not only

Sergt. George D. Elder.

George Dwight Elder, Co. E. It has been impossible to get any
information in regard to Sergt. Elder beyond what appears in the tables,
except the fact that he has for several years been a resident of Meckleo-
burgh County, Virginia.

AF TER MISSION AR Y RIDGE. 293
preparing for much greater feats of arms, but was
also laying the foundation of an industrial empire,
which should be the boast of the very people then in arms
against the union . A month, two months and order began to
evolve itself outof confusion. Abundance reigned where want
had been so severe. There was no lack of tents or clothing.
The little mud huts of the siege gave way to the most per
fect tentage. Horses grew sleek and fat. Defective wagons
were discarded. Teamsters began to boast again of their
mules and equipments. Sutlers abounded. Substantial
luxuries were to be had for a price — the price itself was
lavishly abundant. Greenbacks were as water almost. A
great army cannot long remain at rest without offering food
to the speculator and prey to the gambler. Fortunately for
our army, Chattanooga was an empty house. Of the few
inhabitants nearly all had departed, and there was not time
to establish there the corruption that contaminates an army
encamped near a large city.
With the early days of spring, the great leviathan be
gan to show signs of life. Sherman had returned from up
the river. The rejuvenated army began to spread its ten
tacles. The cavalry with fresh horses and abundant £orage
grew restless and began to feel the enemy in front and on
our flanks. There was news of raids and scouts. The
army had stretched along the road by which we had fought
in the fall, past the old battlefield of Chickamauga and on
to Lafayette, which had been Rosecrans' absurd objective.
Camps were scattered all up and down the valley of the Ten
nessee, above and below Chattanooga, and on the slopes of
Missionary Ridge. The winter was one of extreme cold and
only the quietude which prevailed through the cessation of
active operations saved the troops on both sides from most
intense suffering. It was still winter, with only a hint of
coming spring in the air, when the great army began to un
fold itself and develop the plan of its advance.
There were two methods of advance possible to the
Federal Army from Chattanooga. One was that favored

294 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
by Thomas, of a main advance upon Rome, Georgia, by way
of Lafayette and parallel roads, with a strong, co-operative
movement from the Tennessee about Caperton's and
the region below, advancing into the valley of the Coosa,
leaving a sufficient force at and about Chattanooga, to pre
vent a possible turning of the left flank pr interference with
the depot of supplies. This force would also demonstrate,
in conjunction with the main movement against the enemy,
in the direction of Ringgold and along the Chattanooga and
Atlanta railway, advancing as the enemy retired or falling
back to Chattanooga should they be attacked by an over
whelming force. By this plan, the main attack was to be
made in the direction of Rome, Ga. ; while the advance
along the railroad toward Ringgold and Resaca was to be in
the nature of a feint. The strategy adopted, exactly re
versed this, the real movement being by the left flank and
the feint upon the right.
Till the last moment of his life, it is well known that the
Hero of Chickamauga insisted that the Chattanooga- Atlanta
campaign was a costly, hazardous and unnecessarily pro
longed method of accomplishing an inevitable result, of
reaching an already foregone conclusion. Within five days
after the beginning of the forward movement, he insisted
that the Army of the Cumberland should have been in Rome,
to be joined within three days by the force advancing from
Caperton's. During this movement he claimed that General
Johnston would have been unable to deliver a hindering,
not to say a damaging blow, upon the flank of his army, or
even to attack it in any force without surrendering the line
of railroad from Chattanooga to Kingston; that once estab
lished in the valley of the Coosa, the enemy would be
obliged to surrender, without contest, the Chattanooga road,
which would become at once a line of supply, while our
right would rest in the most productive and least depleted
region of the South, northern and middle Alabama— threat
ening Montgomery, Mobile and the one remaining line of
railroad that still united Richmond with the southwest.

AFTER MISSION AR Y RID GE. 295
Instead of making Atlanta the objective of the summer
campaign, advancing on it through a region offering un
paralleled resources for a defensive campaign, he would
have turned it by advancing along good and safe roads, fol
lowing the natural conformation of the terraine, and either
intervened between the enemy and his base or forced him to
surrender the line from Ringgold to Kingston, on which de
pended all hope of an offensive movement against our left
or any diversion into East Tennessee.
General Thomas' advocacy of this strategic method for
the campaign of 1864 was, as he personally informed the
writer, based upon the following specific considerations :
1. — That the Army of the Cumberland alone was
amply capable of maintaining itself against any offensive
movement of the Confederate Army in its front,
2. — That two corps might be added to it in the Valley
of the Coosa, without exposing Chattanooga or our left to
even a possible successful attack.
3. — That seven days were sufficient to effect a concen
tration at Rome and compel the enemy to concentrate at
Kingston or fall back on Atlanta.
4. — This movement would put our army in position to
elect its future course with absolute certaintj- of taking the
enemy at a disadvantage.
5. — That the enemy would have been compelled to
abandon Atlanta by the first of June, by the cutting of
the southwest lines, rendering it strategically unimportant.
6. — That the two months of hard fighting that inter
vened between Ringgold and the Chattahoochie were due
not so much to the skill of the enemy as to fear of a mili
tary maxim to the effect that it is perilous to divide an
army in the presence of an enemy . This maxim, he insisted,
had no application when one part of the army so divided
was able of itself to cope with the whole force of the enemy,
and the other part was able to fall back upon a fortified
point which could only be taken by regular siege.

296 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
This opinion, that the right wing should be the flank of
serious attack and the left merely feint upon the enemy's
works, was maintained by General Thomas throughout the
whole campaign against Atlanta, and is believed by many
to have been fully justified by results. It is well known
that General Grant favored Mobile as a preferential objective,
which implied a similar line of operations. But it is what
was done, rather than what might have been done, which
concerns "The Story of a Thousand," though there is,
perhaps, not one of them left surviving who does not believe
that, if their old commander's plan had been pursued, the
collapse of the Confederacy would have occurred fully six
months before it did, simply because the utter hopelessness
of further resistance would have been much sooner
apparent. By the first of May, the army, stripped of all superfluity,
was ready to move. Every defective man and horse had
been sent to the rear. Every tent, save one for each Divis
ion General, and some "flies" for brigade and regimental
commanders, had been added to the immense stores which
filled the great warehouses of Chattanooga. No soldier was
allowed an ounce of superfluous weight, and the officers'
baggage was reduced to the lowest possible amount consis
tent with the transportation of company and regimental
records. The soft southern spring-time, delayed by the un
usual winter, had come swift and redolent. The red-clay
roads were dry and hard.
For two months the ' ' Thousand " had been at the front,
near Ringgold. Every fourth day it was upon outpost
duty. On the 29th of April the Division, now the third,
with General Baird in command, moved forward, driving
in the enemy's pickets. Then there came a lull ; the 30th
we waited in camp, also the first of May. At dawn upon
the second we again advanced, and the battle-summer had
begun.

AFTER MISSIONARY RIDGE. 297
The Military Division of the Mississippi embraced tlie
following armies ; which constituted the force under General
Sherman's command during this campaign :
The Army of the Ohio, Major-General John M . Schofield,
consisting of the Ninth and Twenty-third corps. Of these
the former returned to the Army of the Potomac and two
divisions of the latter took the field with Sherman leaving
three to garrison East Tennessee and Kentucky . The two
divisions that took the field were commanded by Brigadier-
General Miles S. Hascall and Jacob D. Cox.
The army of the Cumberland, Major-General George
H. Thomas, consisted of the Fourth, Fourteenth and Twen
tieth corps, commanded respectively by Major-Generals, 0.
O. Howard, John M . Palmer and Joseph Hooker.
The Army of the Tennessee under Major-General Mc
Pherson, comprised the Fifteenth and portions of the Six
teenth and Seventeenth corps, under Major-Generals, John
A. Logan, George M. Dodge, and Frank P. Blair.
The Cavalry consisted of McCook's division of tlie
Army of the Ohio, Garrard's division of the Army of the
Cumberland and Edward McCook's brigade of the Army of
the Tennessee. The Thousand was a part of the Second Brigade of the
Third division of the Fourteenth Army corps which was
composed of the following organizations :
THIRD DIVISION.
Brigadier-General Absalom Baird.
FIRST BRIGADE.
Brig. -Gen. John B. Turchin.
Col. Moses B. Walker.
19th Illinois, Lieut. -Col. Alexander W. Raff en.
24th Illinois, Capt. August Mauff.
82d Indiana, Col. Morton C. Hunter.
23d Missouri, Col. William P. Robinson.
11th Ohio, Lieut. -Col. Ogden Street.
17th Ohio, Col. Durbin Ward.

298 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
„,. j Col. Moses B. Walker.
3lst umo | Lieut.-Col. Fredrick W. Lister
on^rw.- f Maj. John H. Jolly.
89th0hlo{Col Caleb H.Carlton.
92d Ohio, Col. Benjamin D. Fearing.
SECOND BRIGADE.
Col. Ferdinand Van Derveer.
Col. Newell Gleason.
,_Pi, T ,. ( Lieut. -Col. William O'Brien.
i5th Indiana j Maj Cyn]8 j McCo]e
„_„, T ,. ( Col. Newell Gleason.
8oth Indiana | L.eutCol Edwin p Hammond.
101st Indiana, Lieut. -Col. Thomas Doan.
,-, , ,.. f Col. James George.
2d Minnesota | Lieut _Co] Jndson w Bishop.
9th Ohio, Col. Gustave Kammerling
35th Ohio, Maj. Joseph L. Budd.
105th Ohio, Lieut. -Col. George T. Perkins.
THIRD BRIGADE.
Col. George. P. Este.
10th Indiana, Lieut. -Col. Marsh B. Taylor.
~ ... T -,. ( Lieut. -Col. Myron Baker.
74th Indiana 1 ,, . „, it
\ Maj. Thomas Morgan.
10th Kentucky, Col. William H. Hays.
18th Kentucky, Lieut. -Col. Hubbard K. Mil ward.
i ri-u /m.- ( Maj. John W. Wilson.
14th0hlo{Capt. George W. Kirk.
„„,, j-., . j Capt. William A. Choate.
{ Capt. Joseph Wagstaff.
ARTILLERY.
Capt. George Estep.
Indiana Light, 7th Battery, Capt. Otho H . Morgan.
Indiana Light, 19th Battery, Lieut. Wm. P. Stackhouse.

XXIV.
THE BATTLE SUMMER.
" -M ggg LL ^p" ~S H E Confederate General, J. B.
*""""* Hood, in his book entitled ' < Ad
vance and Retreat," characterizes
the Chattanooga- Atlanta campaign
as one conducted by an army of
over seventy thousand men, con
stantly retiring 'over "a distance
of one hundred miles, from Dalton
to Atlanta, with a loss of twenty-
two thousand five hundred men, which presents no action
rising to the dignity of a great battle. "
This is undoubtedly correct; yet it is also true, that in
the whole history of war there is hardly to be found an in
stance in which two armies so evenly matched, so long con
fronted each other with constant skirmishes, rising almost
every day to the dignity of serious engagement on some
partof their lines. Speaking of a part of this period, General
Absalom Baird, commanding the Third Division of the Army
of the Cumberland, of which the Thousand was a part, said;
' 'My loss during this period (six days) amounted on an average
to about twenty men a day." For four months there was
hardly a day in which some part of the line was not en
gaged, and, in summing up his impression of the whole
exhausting campaign, General Baird impressively says :
" The quiet and heroic patience with which all has been
undergone and duty performed, whilst establishing for them
the highest reputation as soldiers, will tend to cause their
hardships to be forgotten. Starting without transportation
and with only supplies for an expedition of three or six
• 299

300

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND,

weeks, these things have been required to last for four
months, so that often our officers, lying in the dirt and rain
for days without shelter, have been unable to preserve the
ordinary cleanliness which is essential to good health, and
many have broken down from
want of proper food. During
the greater part of the time,
our men have lain constantly
nnder the enemy's fire, at
every moment liable to be
picked off ; whilst the sound,
not of distant artillery and
musketry, but of the closely
whistling bullet and bursting
shell, has seldom been out
of our ears. The rest which
they have now and then ex
perienced by the simple cessa
tion of these noises has been
very great."
The disparity of forces in this very remarkable campaign
was not great. As has been stated, the effective strength
of the Confederate army at or near Dalton, about the firsts
of May, was 70,000 men. The aggregate of the Army of

Capt. A. 0. Mason.

Ambrose Cherry Mason was born in Wetherfleld, Trumbull Co., O-
Nov. loth, 1840. Died near Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 27th, 1864. Captain Mason first
enlisted in 1861 in Co. B, 18th O. V. I., in the three months' service, and served
until mustered out of the regiment. One week later he re-enlisted in the 42d
O. V. I., and was made Orderly Sergeant of Co, A, and served with that regi
ment until June, 1862, when he received a recruiting commission for the 105th
O. V. I. On August 21st, 1862, he was mustered in as First Lieut of Co, C.
promoted to Captain, March 14th, 1863, and remained in command of his com
pany until his death, except for a short time when detailed as signal officer on
the staff of Gen. Rosecrans. He died on the eve of the battle of Jonesboro.
was buried in the garden of a Mrs. Patterson near Atlanta and his body was
afterwards removed and reinterred in the National Cemetery at Chattanooga ,
Captain Mason was a genial companion, a brave officer and conscientious
soldier, and his death was greatly regretted by all his comrades.

THE BATTLE SUMMER. 301
the Cumberland, the Army of the Tennessee, and the Army
of the Ohio in the field, under command of General Sher
man, at the same time was 94,131. Both armies were ex
cellently equipped, though the Federal forces were often
short of rations, by reason of the difficulty of transportation
along the rough mountain roads of the region in which their
operations were conducted. The discrepancy in numbers
was fully compensated by the advantages offered to an
army acting on the defensive by the transverse ranges of
precipitous hills, across which the Federal army was com
pelled to advance. Forced out of one position by day, the
enemy had only to retire to a parallel ridge, equally difficult
to be carried at night. On the 7th day of May the two ar
mies confronted each other at Rocky-faced Ridge, a sheer
wall of granite which no army could surmount, and which
required for its defense only the holding of two gaps, Mill
Creek and Snake Creek. By some strange oversight, the
latter was unguarded, and Thomas, who desired to take his
whole army through it and fall upon the enemy's rear, was
denied, and McPherson sent instead, with a force only suffi
cient to cause the enemy to withdraw. So the Thousand
escaped the shock of battle, only waiting under fire their
turn to join the strange procession which filed through the
mountain passes on the long toilsome way to Atlanta.
One cannot but wonder what would have been the out
come of this campaign had Hood's plan rather than that of
General Joseph E. Johnston been adopted by the Confed
erate Army of Tennessee. It is nowhere elaborated,
but from the hints General Hood gives, and which
are confirmed by many incidental allusions on
the part of others, it seems that President Davis
and General Lee were anxious that the Army of Ten-
nessee,with Polk's Army of Mississippi should be united
with Longstreet's corps of the Army of Virginia, and make

302 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
an offensive movement around the Federal left wing, before
our advance from Chattanooga. Such movement, falling
on Burnside in East Tennessee and at the same time com
ing by the lower gaps of the Cumberland plateau into Cen
tral Tennessee and Kentucky, would have been a repetition
of the strategy of 1862 upon the part of the Confederates
with apparently equal prospect of success. That it was con
templated and approved by such generals as Lee and Long-
street, and that the impetuous Hood left the Army of Vir
ginia in the hope of commanding one wing of the Army of
Tennessee in such a campaign, shows how sound and brilliant
was the strategy which General E. Kirby Smith indtxjed
Bragg to adopt two years before.
But even if there was no great battle in the campaign
from Dalton to Atlanta, it presented, perhaps, more days of
steady continuous fighting than any other campaign of the
war. Every day there was fighting, entrenching, or change
of position in close touch of the enemy. Almost all the way
from Dalton to Atlanta both armies were carefully entrenched
at the points of immediate contact. These entrenchments
were not of a light and superficial character but solid
substantial works, often four or five feet high and from
six to ten feet in width at the base. The troops acquired
great skill in the erection of these works. General 0. 0.
Howard says of the work of Baird's division at Pine
Mountain : " Just where the old lines joined the new (for
Johnston's right wing was unchanged), I saw a feat the
like of which never elsewhere fell under my observation.
Baird's Division, in a comparatively open field, put forth a
heavy skirmish line, which continued such a rapid fire of
rifles as to keep down a corresponding hostile line behind
its well-constructed works, while the picks and shovels
behind the skirmishers fairly flew, till a good set of works
was made four hundred yards off, and parallel to the
enemy's. "

THE BA TTLE SUMMER.

303

There were some notable days and notable names
added to the Roll of Honor of the Thousand during this

campaign. Resaca.

-May 14th and 15th.

Sergt. J. A. McNaughton.

In this battle the
Second Brigade of
the Third Division
under Colonel Van
Derveer was on the
left, the First under
General Turchin on
the right, both in
two lines. We moved
up the steep ridge
under a galling
artillery fire taking
and holding a posi-
t i o n which com.
pelled the enemy
to fall back during
the night.

Kenesaw Mountain. — June 10 to 26, inclusive.
The Confederates occupied Kenesaw, Lost and Pine
Mountains, which formed an irregular triangle in our front.
The Burnt Hickory and Marietta Pike was our road to the
north end of Kenesaw. On the 10th The Army of the
Cumberland was before Pine Mountain ; McPherson on ouf
left lay around the foot of Kenesaw, and Schofield on the
right, faced Lost Mountain. Our object was to gain the
road that ran between these peaks to Marietta. It seemed
impossible to dislodge the enemy from the magnificent lines
of works which lined the mountain slope. During this time
we built three heavy lines of works, each nearer the enemy,
and compelling some reformation of his line. There was

James A. McNaughton was born in Montville, Ohio, Sept. 16th, 1842,
Enlisted as a private in Co. E. rose to the grade of Sergeant ; was mustered
out, with the regiment, and died at Chardon, Ohio, Sept. 4. 1894.

304 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
not an hour during which the roar of artillery or the zip of.
rifle balls was not heard on some part of our line. On the
14th, the Confederate general, Leonidas Polk, was killed in
front of our division. He was usually called the Bishop-
General, being Bishop of Tennessee when the war broke
out. On the 18th we had gained Pine Mountain and
advanced against a new line of works behind Mud Creek,
On the 19th the enemy fell back on Kenesaw Mountain and
we followed in line of battle as on the days previous.
Bates' Division of the Confederates, whom we had met at
Hoover's Gap and Chickamauga, was in our front. After a
sharp skirmish we took position at the base of the
mountain, near Kirk's House. Here we lay for six days
under constant fire of the enemy's artillery on the mountain
above us, and constantly skirmishing with his entrenched
pickets in our front. The history of the war has nothing
more romantic than this continuous bombardment from the
verdant mountains that lay in our front.
An assault of Little Kenesaw by the troops of the
Army of the Tennessee, and of a point about a mile south
of it, by the army of the Cumberland, were ordered to be
made simultaneously on the 27th of June. Newton's
Division of the Fourth Army Corps, and Davis' of the
Fourteenth were chosen by General Thomas to constitute
the column of assault on Kenesaw. The Third Division,
Baird, was ordered to support Davis. In accordance with
this order we left our position in the line at ten o'clock the
night of the 26th, Sunday, marched three miles to the
right and took position in the right rear of Davis' Division
to support it on that flank. The assaults were made
simultaneously as had been ordered. Newton's and Davis'
divisions moved on the enemy's works over ground so steep
as of itself to constitute an almost impregnable position,
crowned with works which made the attempt absolutely
hopeless. Yet some men of both these divisions reached
the enemy's works, climbed up their face and were killed on
the parapet. We lay under a hot artillery fire and watched

THE BATTLE SUMMER. 305
our gallant comrades as they charged up the scraggly slope
which no force could successfully assail in the face of the
enemy's fire. Fifteen hundred and eighty was the entire
loss of Davis' division, nearly one-third the strength of the
assaulting column. McPherson's attack also failed but his
loss was less, a little more than a thousand. The enemy's
loss was very trivial, he being protected by elaborate
works. On this day Colonel Van Derveer was relieved from
command of our brigade, on account of sickness, Colonel
Newell Gleason, of the Eighty-Second Indiana, succeeding
him, who retained command until the close of the war.
Colonel Van Derveer was an accomplished officer and very
popular with the Brigade. Colonel Gleason proved a most
efficient successor. Because of the unusual length of his
arms, he was jocularly known in the brigade as "Old
Longarm. "
After the assault we kept on digging and fighting.
There was an armistice from one o'clock until eight o'clock,
p. m., on the 29th, for the purpose of burying the dead
killed on the 27th. Then the fight began again, and we
worked our way closer and closer to the Confederate
entrenchments until, in some places the lines were not more
than thirty yards apart. A head or a hand that showed
above the works was sure to bring a shot. A hat hung on
a ramrod and raised over the parapet would always get one-
and sometimes three or four bullets through it. We lived
in the trenches and were saved from greater loss by the
substantial character of our works. On the night of the-
2d of July, McPherson marched in our rear to the right of
Schofield's army. By this movement, the left wing of
Johnston's army was endangered and he withdrew from his
position. On the morning of the 2d of July our division
entered the enemy's works in our front capturing a consid
erable number of prisoners. During the day we passed
through Marietta, Georgia, and on the fourth day, our
brigade was detached and ordered to return and garrison
the town. It remained here eight days, the only breathing
- spell it had in all the long and hot campaign.

306

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

It is a notable thing that in all this one hundred miles
of constant close engagement, from Dalton to Atlanta,
there was never any backward movement on the part of the
Union Army. Every day, almost every hour, it gained a

MAP OF THE
ATLANTA CAMPAIGN.

little., It slept tonight where the enemy had camped the
day before. In all these two months the Confederate com
mander not only was unable to strike a fatal blow, but
found no opportunity even to compel a backward step.

THE BATTLE SUMMER. 307
Sometimes it was one flank that advanced, sometimes the
other, but it was always a forward movement of the Union
Army and a backward movement of the Confederates.
Much has been written in praise of the Fabian caution of
the Confederate commander ; but the real reason for this
continued and unvarying success is to be found in the
amazing alertness and unflagging activity of General
William T. Sherman. No man could have been better
fitted for the work he had in hand. Whatever error
there may have been in the grand strategy of the campaign,
nothing could have been more perfect than its conduct. He
seemed to forget nothing, to neglect nothing, to foresee
everything. From wing to wing, he was always present in
spirit, inspiring watchfulness and permitting his enemy to
have no respite. An infinitude of detail, instead of
wearying, seemed to stimulate him to renewed activity.
Every department felt his oversight and every detachment
was conscious that he had a special, oversight of their
conduct and effectiveness. As evidence of this, the
following order addressed to the. commanding officer of our
brigade while detached at Marietta may be given.
1 ' Commanding Officer, Marietta, Ga. :
I have ordered three regiments at Marietta and a
brigade at Kenesaw. This brigade will come to Marietta in
case of danger to the depot, but Kenesaw is selected on
account of its security and proximity, and troops are more
easily disciplined in camp than in a town. Although you
are chiefly needed as a town guard and to handle stores,
you should not neglect the military duties. Always be
prepared for a dash of cavalry. Occupy the Court House,
and barricade and loophole the doors and windows, also
make a good ladder to the roof, and make the balustrade
bullet-proof, so that a party of men on its roof can sweep
the streets. Olher houses should be selected and prepared
near the railroad depot. A few hours' work will convert
any good brick or stone house into a citadel. Arms and
ammunition should always be kept handy, and pickets kept
well out to give notice. All citizens of whom you entei-
tain the least suspicion should be sent North, no matter
the seeming hardships. The safety of our depot must not

308 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
depend upon the pleasure and convenience of citizens.
Should any one be caught molesting our road, telegraph
wires, or our stores, he should be disposed of finally and
summarily, especially if disguised in the garb of a citizen.
W. T. Sherman,
Major-General, Commanding.
That an officer in command of an army of a hundred
thousand men should give such attention to minute details
is altogether wonderful, but it is only one instance of the
all-pervading watchfulness of General Sherman. His
antagonist made no successful forward movement simply
because,^ after the first unimproved opportunity at Resaca,
he found no chance to strike a blow, without exposing him
self to a crushing counterstroke.

The Siege of Atlanta began with the crossing of the
Chattahoochie River. The city was of importance simply
because of the railroads that ran through.it. It was the heart
of the railway system of the Confederacy, since the loss of
Chattanooga. Eastward, the Georgia Railroad ran
through Decatur to Milledgeville, Augusta and Savannah,
intersecting on its way the two north and south lines of the
Atlantic slope. Southwardly, through Jonesborough, ran
the Macon and Western road, giving an opening to the
southeast ; and westwardly, at an average distance of five
miles south of the Chattahoochie River, ran the Atlantic
and West Point road, giving connection with Mobile,
Montgomery and the southwest generally.
The city stands on an irregular group of hills, sloping in
every direction, cut with numerous waterways and sharp-
irregular declivities . These were mostly covered with close
scrub oak, except where the same had been cut away to
give range to the guns mounted in the works erected on
every commanding position. Five miles to the northward
runs the Chattahoochie, flowing from northeast to south
west, almost perpendicular to our line of approach.

THE BATTLE SUMMER. 309
General Sherman's first line of approach was from the north
side of the city, being intended to cut the Georgia railroad
as well as to prevent irruptions on his line of supply, the
railway to Chattanooga. General Thomas was opposed to
this method of investment for the very reason which after
wards caused its abandonment. Our army crossed over on
pontoons at various points, between the 16th and 20th of
July. On the latter day, our division forded Peach Tree
Creek and took position on a range of heavy wooded hills
to the south of it. Our line extended at that time, to and
across the Georgia Railroad. In the afternoon of the 20th,
General Hood, who had succeeded Johnston, made a furious
attack on the troops at our left, the Fourth and Twentieth
corps, and the first division of our corps. Failing in this,
the enemy fell back to his interior line of works on the hills
directly surrounding the city. This was the battle of
Peach Tree Creek, perhaps the most important engagement
except one, that occurred during the investment of the city.
The position to which the enemy retired was a range of
hills about two miles from the city, thoroughly fortified
long before, and practically impregnable, covering all the
roads entering Atlanta from the North and East. On the
22d we moved to the right and took position at the inter
section of the Atlanta and Turner's Ferry road due west of
the city. Here we heavily entrenched while the roar of
battle came to us from the eastward. On that day was
fought what is known as the Battle of Atlanta, in which
General McPherson was killed, and the army of the
Tennessee lost more than 3,000 men. We held this
position until August 3d, being every day subjected to the
fiercest cannonading. On the 27th of July the army of the
Tennessee moved from the left to our right and were at
tacked in their new position by Lee's and Hardee's corps of
Hood's Army. Though the attack fell mainly on them, the
fire along our front was very sharp. This was the battle of
Ezra Church. As the battle of Peach Tree Creek had been

310 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND
the hottest just at our left, so that of Ezra Church had its
zenith just at our right ; both left our division almost
unscathed. On the 3d of August, the Fourteenth corps, swung
over to the extreme right and took position at the mouth of
TJtoy creek. On the 4th, our brigade advanced against the
enemy's lines, captured two lines of picket entrenchments,
and developed the enemy's position on that part of the
field. On the 5th our whole division assaulted the enemy's
lines, captured two lines of rifle-pits and threw up entrench
ments near the enemy's work. In this assault, the Thous
and under Major Edwards constituted the second line of
skirmishers. One hundred and sixty prisoners were taken
and the loss in the division was about one hundred. ' ' Not
being supported on the right or left," says General Thomas
in his report, ' ' General Baird withdrew to his former
position. " From the fifth of August until the twenty-sixth,
the thousand occupied substantially the same position in
front of the enemy's works.
The following extracts from the diary of Captain H. H.
Cummings give a vivid impression of the daily life of the
regiment during the siege.
Friday, August 5, 1864. — This morning we again moved
out in the same trim as last night, our regiment detailed to
support the skirmish line. After advancing a short dis
tance, perhaps one third of a mile, to the right we halted
and lay down on the rear slope of a low hill 150 yards in
rear of the skirmish line, which had crept up to within
150 yards of the rebel skirmish line, an easy matter on ac
count of the thick undergrowth, and had taken such cover
as they could. When all was ready a bugle sounded the
advance, our skirmishers raised a yell, the enemy let loose a
volley cutting the undergrowth wonderfully, but otherwise
harmless ; immediately our men sprang to their feet and
rushed forward. In three minutes the rebel rifle pits we're
oura and our division was better off by 250 prisoners and
with slight loss. In our regimental front alone sixty prisoners
were taken in out of the wet. Vallee of Co. C, a fine soldier
and a reliable worthy man rushed up to a pit full of rebels,
seized a lieutenant and claimed him as his prisor.er He

THE BATTLE SUMMER,

311

was immediately shot through the upper portion of the
breast by another rebel. He lived but a short time.
We halted near the rebel rifle pits and dug a rifle trench.
We had scarcely secured tolerable protection when the
enemy opened a very heavy artillery fire upon us from
several batteries. The air was full of flying shell and
spherical case. I think I have never before experienced so
hot a shelling but we lay close and no one was hurt. After
the shelling ceased we strengthened our works.
Sunday, August 7, 1864. —To-day our skirmish line was
advanced. There
was a demon
stration along
our entire line,
for the purpose,
I understand, of
making a diver
sion in favor of
Schofield who is
swinging around
to the right.
About ten
o'clock the line
was advanced ;
at once hot
firing, both in
fantry and artil
lery opened
along the line.
We lay. down
behind our
works . , The
skirmish, line in
front advanced
to within 30
yards of the
enemy's rifle pits and halted and shortly fell back.
Sharp firing continued until nearly night; still we had
but two men' of our detail wounded. This . evening there
was another spurt of picket firing, which routed us all out,-
but amounted to nothing, The lines are so close that the

Lieut. James Cr'ays.-

James Crays was bom in Mahoning Co., O., Oct. 8, 1841, of Scotch-Irish
parentage. Lived on a farm until the age of 17,when he entered the drug store of
Dr. John Manning in Youngstown, O. Education obtained at district schools.

312 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
enemy's balls fly over us constantly, in cases of unusual
firing making it decidedly warm, although as the ground
descends to the rear from our works they cannot get down
very low.
Monday, August 8, 1864. — This morning we moved our
line forward about hundred yards to support the 19th Indiana
battery, which is throwing up a work in front of the left of our
regiment and also to conform to the line of the 1st brigade
on our right, which is also thrown forward. We built very
strong works and put up an abattis of sharpened stakes in
front. We were now in plain sight and within 700 yards of
the enemy's main line. His skirmishers cannot be more
than 450 yards distant.
The ground rises from our works to the rear hence they
are no protection to us when a little in rear of our line. I
took the precaution, in pitching my tent, which is well to
the rear and wholly unprotected, to build a pile of logs
two feet high in front of mjr tent.
Tuesday, August 9, 1864. — As I was passing Co. C,
going to my breakfast this morning, a ball came in, striking
Larry Kelly, of that company as he sat over a fire cooking
his breakfast. It entered near his collar bone, passing
down, inflicting a mortal wound. Everyone in the regiment
knew Larry. His dog, too, had long been a fixture of the
.regiment. When leaving Louisville, Ky., on the Perry
ville campaign this dog came bounding to our (Parson's)
battery. He immediately enlisted for the war, attaching
himself to the battery and to the gun to which Larry be
longed. He made it his business to look after the interests
of the battery in general and that gun in particular. He
distinguished himself by his strict watchfulness over all
the property of the battery when strangers were about, and
his excellent judgment in determining who were proper
characters to have around. At Perryville he shared in the
dangers and glory of the occasion and received a wound.
When the battery was broken up and Larry returned to the

Hines Academy and Westminster College. He enlisted in the 105th, July 20,
1862, and was appointed Fifth Sergeant of Co. A, when the company was organ
ized; promoted to Orderly Sergeant, commissioned Second Lieutenant, but
not mustered ; commissioned First Lieutenant and mustered at Ringgold, Ga.
He had command of Co. O the last eleven months of the war ; the only commis
sioned officer present with the company during that time; was with the regi
ment in all its engagements and marches ; mustered out with the regiment at
Washington, D. C. He has been in the drug business ever since and now
resides in Minneapolis, Minn.

THE BATTLE SUMMER. 313
regiment, Watch (this dog) accompanied him and has ever
since followed this regiment faithfully, always ready " for
duty," always in the front, joining in the sports of the
regiment with zest, knowing, by instinct apparently, when a
pig was to be " foraged " and following on to catch the
" game " and receive his share of the prize.
Last night, while scouting about our picket line, he re
ceived a wound which proved mortal. Larry was almost
inconsolable but he had not long to mourn his constant com
panion. This morning a stray shot, such as killed his dog,
hit him and gave him a mortal wound.
A little later another shot passed through several
tents and struck John Fuller of my company in the head,
killing him instantly. The day passed quietly in every re
spect except for the balls flying through our camp.
Wednesday, August 10, 1864. — On picket. This day
passed much as picket days in this region do. I went on
the line at 2 o'clock, a. m. , came off at 10 a. m. The enemy
did not fire much. One shot wounded Ed. R. Cowles of Co.
G, slightly, grazing his forehead. This afternoon we
advanced the line considerably, to the edge of the wood in
front. We found two bodies, one a rebel, the other a
Union soldier belonging to the 38th Ohio. The whole
movement was managed quietly and successfully; relieved
about 6 o'clock, p. m.
On the 6th of August, General John M. Palmer, who
had commanded the Fourteenth Corps, was relieved at his
own request, and succeeded by Brigadier General Richard
W. Johnson, who had been in command of the First Divis
ion of our corps. On the 7th an advance was made of the
skirmish line along the whole right wing under cover of
heavy cannonading. From this time until the 25th the
division occupied practically the same position, constantly
under fire both of the enemy's skirmishers and artillery.
On the 26th of August, General Sherman adopted the
course General Thomas had urged immediately after the
battle of Peach Tree Creek, a month before. Cutting away
from his line of supply, the railroad leading north to Chat
tanooga, he swung his whole army around to the right to
destroy the West Point and Macon Railroads, which had
already been temporarily cut some distance below by our

314 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
cavalry, but not to an extent to disable them permanently
from use by the enemy. In carrying out this movement we
withdrew from our position under a heavy fire on the 26th,
moved to the Tight two or three miles, swung round across
the West Point Railroad and took a position facing north.
Here we entrenched and destroyed the railroad in the most
approved manner. In this work we had already become
experts, but were yet to grow more proficient in that long
march during which it was to be a chief part of our duty for
months. For its most successful performance the force
engaged was always divided into three bodies, with separate
and distinct duties. The first marched in single file along
the side of the track to be torn up, until each man stood at
the end of a tie. Then, at the word of command, each
stooped, took hold of the tie, and, at another word, the
whole track was lifted up and overturned. Then this party
marched on and renewed the movement. The second party
heaped up the ties upon the track, laid the rails across them,
leaving the ends extending on each side, and set the ties on
fire. The third party, coming up later, took the rails, then
red hot in the middle, twisted them about trees or other
wise bent and distorted them so that no rolling-mill could
straighten them, wholly destroying the road for use until
new ties and new rails should be supplied.
On the 31st of August, our division advancing in col
umn of attack, seized the Macon and Western Railroad,
south of Rough and Ready, and on the 1st of September
turned south and advanced in line of battle on Jonesborough.
On the afternoon of this day, having pressed back the
enemy's pickets so as to develop his line of works about
Jonesborough, the division was formed in two lines by
brigades, and the brigades in two lines by regiments, and
advanced to the assault of the enemy's works. Este's and
Gleason's brigades composed the left column of assault,
Este in front, and our brigade in support. The signal was
given at 4:45 p. m. Este's men dashed off with a wild
cheer, carrying everything before them. We followed in

THE BATTLE SUMMER. 315
close supporting distance. There was no need. They
swept the enemy's works, capturing 426 prisoners, including
55 officers. The brigade numbered 1,139 men and lost in
half an hour in killed and wounded 330, or more than 30
per cent, of the whole number. The Confederates in our
front were Lewis' and Govan's brigades of Hardee's Corps.
The charge was one of the most notable of the war, the
bayonet being actually used along the whole front of the
brigade. The battle of Jonesborough, was the last' actual
fighting in the siege of Atlanta. On the next day the
Confederates evacuated the city, and the long and fierce
campaign was at ah end.
The fall of Atlanta was the end of four months of
constant struggle. Beginning on the 2d of May the cam
paign closed on the 2d of September. During this time,
the Union and Confederate armies engaged, suffered the
following losses :
The losses of General Sherman's army from Chat
tanooga to Atlanta (May 5th to September 8th, 1864) were,
killed, 4,422; wounded, 22,822; captured, 4,422; total,
31,687. The losses of the Confederate army confronting
us, under Generals Johnston and Hood were, killed, 3,044;
wounded, 18,952; captured, 12,983; total, 34,979.
During these four months, the "Thousand" was in
camp, out of the line of fire, only fifteen days. Of these,
five days was the longest period passed in any one camp.
They were eighty-three days directly under fire, either in
battle, on the skirmish line, in pursuit of the enemy or
engaged in siege operations. The other twenty-three days
they were on the march. This terrible stretch of continuous
duty in the scorching heat of the southern summer is well-
nigh unparalleled. It was followed by a month of rest,
from September 3d until October 2d. One of the men,
writing in his journal at the time,* declares that no man or
officer had "a change of clothing for fifty -six days ! "
It is no wonder that General Baird in his report* of
*See Appendix.

316 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND
this campaign mentions the restful effect of a day
or two of mere cessation of the roar of battle on the
men of his division, thus continuously exposed for months
to the nervous strain of conflict, or that one of the Thousand
writing of the fall of Atlanta should record the fact that after
the first hours of delirious joy, every man threw himself
down upon the ground with a common impluse to rest. ' ' I
feel," he wrote two days afterwards, "as if I could never
get enough sleep: though as soon as I close my eye=i, my
dreams are full of the roar and peril of the long conflict."
Not only was the triumphant army greatly elated over
this glorious outcome of its labors, but the whole North
was aflame with excitement and rejoicing on account of it.
It is not too much to say that it determined the character
of the pending presidential election on which the hopes of
the Confederates so much depended. From that moment,
there was no reasonable hope of success of General George B.
McClellan who was the Democratic candidate on a plat
form favoring peace even at the price of disunion. Never
during the war had there been a time of such universal
rejoicing. A passenger on one of the great railways
running out of New York on the evening of the day the
news of the fall of Atlanta was received, says, " All night
long we traveled with the sound of clanging bells, the
shouts of rejoicing multitudes in our ears and the glare of
bonfires lighting up our way. The people seemed intoxi
cated with delight. The morning took up, in an intensified
form, the rejoicing of the night before. The people from
the country had crowded into the towns and cities and all
the way to Chicago we saw a populace intoxicated with the
rapture of long-delayed, but decisive victory. Yet no one
uttered a word of vengef ulness against our foes : every one
was exulting in the thought of peace and the blessings it
would bring to all."
The following official dispatches show how the news was
received by the heads of the Government and the Army
which held Lee by the throat at Petersburg :
Special Field Orders, No. 66.
Headquarters Militaiw Division of the Mississippi,
In the field, near Jonesborough, Ga.
September 6, 1864.
1. The General-in-Chief communicates, with a feeling
of just pride and satisfaction, the following orders of the

THE BATTLE SUMMER. 317
President of the United States, and telegram of Lieut. -General
U, S. Grant, on hearing of the capture of Atlanta:
Executive Mansion, Washington, D. C .
September 3, 1864.
The national thanks are tendered by the President to
Major-Gen. W. T. Sherman and the gallant officers of his
command before Atlanta, for the distinguished ability,
courage, and perseverance displayed in the campaign in
Georgia, which under Divine favor, has resulted in the
capture of the city of Atlanta. The marches, battles,
sieges, and other military operations that have signalized
the campaign must render it famous in the annals of war,
and have entitled those who have participated therein to the
applause and thanks of the nation.
Abraham Lincoln,
President of the United States,
Executive Mansion, Washington City.
September 3, 1864.
Ordered :
1. That pn Monday, the 5th day of September, com
mencing at the hour of 12 noon, there shall be given a
salute of 100 guns at the Arsenal and Navy Yard, Washing
ton, and on Tuesday, the 6th day of September, or on the
day after the receipt of this order, at each Arsenal and
Navy Yard in the United States, for the recent brilliant
achievements of the fleet and land forces of the United
States in the harbor of Mobile, and in the reduction of Fort
Powell, Fort Gaines, and Fort Morgan. The Secretary of
War, and the Secretary of Navy will issue the necessary
directions in their respective departments, for the execution
of this order.
2. That on Wednesday, the 7th day of September,
commencing at the hour of 12 noon, there shall be fired a
salute of 100 guns at the Arsenal at Washington, and at
New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Pittsburg,
Newport, Ky. ; Saint Louis, New -Orleans, Mobile, Pensa-
cola, Hilton Head, and New Berne, or the day after the
receipt of this order, for the brilliant achievements of the
Army under command of Major-General Sherman in the
State of Georgia, and the capture of Atlanta. The Secre
tary of War will issue directions for the execution of this
order. Abraham Lincoln,
President of the United States.

318 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
Headquarters, City Point, Ya.
September 4, 1864, 9 p. m.
Major-General Sherman :
I have just received your dispatch announcing the
capture of Atlanta. In honor of your great victory I have
ordered a salute to be fired with shotted guns from every
battery bearing upon the enemy. The salute will be fired
within an hour, amid great rejoicing. U. S. Grant, Lieutenant-General.
2. All the corps, regiments, and batteries composing
this Army, may, wilhout further orders, inscribe "Atlanta"
on their colors. By order of
Major-General W. T. Sherman,
L. M. Dayton, Aide-de-camp.

XXV.
IN PURSUIT OP HOOD.
] FTER the fall of Atlanta came a month
of much needed rest. Four months
of constant march and battle, from
the advance on Resaca on May 2d to
the taking of Atlanta on September
2d, had been a severe strain on the
physical and mental energies of all.
Now, with Hood's army twenty miles
away to the southeastward, save a
force of observation which touched
our pickets on the road to Rough-and-
Ready, and relieved of duty save a
light picket detail now and then, the
men loitered under the groves that
crowned the hills about Atlanta;
v made themselves pleasant quarters ;
drew fresh clothing and with abun
dant rations, enjoyed the surcease
from war's alarms as only the veteran
soldier can. Leaves of absence and
furloughs were abundant, but all of very brief duration.
The restless Sherman had no thought of wasting time in
exulting over his victory. His eye was turned toward
the sea, and having expelled the inhabitants of Atlanta
from the city, thereby relieving himself of spies upon
his movements as well as greatly adding to the embar
rassment of his opponent, he set all the forces at his com
mand, at work to prepare for the advance he contemplated.
319

320 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
The railway from Louisville, Kentucky, to Atlanta, Georgia,
was run to the utmost limit of its capacity, bringing for
ward recruits and supplies for the army and taking back the
sick, wounded and overworn soldiery, defective horses and
equipments. Hartzell, of Company II, had been on detached
service almost a year, taking recruits from Camp Chase,
Ohio, to various parts of the army. Since the army had left
Chattanooga his trips had been frequent bringing on men for
the old regiments. Few of them came to the Thousand,
but he had been the messenger by whom many remittances
were made to those at home. Now, Colonel Perkins and
others, who were worn with the long campaign returned
home on furlough. The regiment was left in command of
Major Edwards, in what was aptly named "Vacation
Camp," with Captain Wilcox second in command.
General Thomas was sent back to Nashville, still retain
ing command of the Department of the Cumberland, though
the greater part of his army remained at , the front. To
him were sent the halt and maimed, the weak and worn,
unattached regiments, commands whose terms of service
were soon to expire; in short, all the more undesirable ele
ments of a great army. With these, one division of the
Fourteenth Corps, Schofield's Army of the Ohio, and such
troops as had been left in garrison in our rear, General
Thomas was expected not only to organize an army to
hold Tennessee, where Wheeler and Forrest were raiding
our communications, but his superior even intimated that
he might make an independent movement on Mobile.
There was left only the very pick of the Armies of the
Military Division of the Mississippi, when an event occurred
that changed the outlook of affairs with a suddenness
altogether remarkable, even in the ever-startling kaleidoscope
of war.
The campaign of Hood around the left wing of Sher
man's Army, cutting his communications and seeking to
prevent a further advance into Georgia by placing himself
in the enemy's rear, rather than in his front, was one of the

IN PURSUIT OF HOOD.

321

most daring and brilliant movements of the war. For a
month, General Hood with an army of forty thousand men
had lain, apparently inactive in front of Sherman with his
army of ninety thousand men in and about Atlanta, the

Corp. Joseph T. Torrence.

Joseph Thatcher Torrence was born in Mercer County, Pa., March 15,
1843. He spent his youth as an iron worker in various furnaces of Western
Pennsylvania and Northern Ohio. He enlisted as a private in Company A,
105th O. V, I., and was appointed corporal. He was wounded at the battle of
Perryville, October 8, 1862, and discharged for disability January 7, 1865. He
was for a time in the personal service of Gov. Tod of Ohio, and was afterwards
in the furnaces at New Castle, Pa. In 1860 he went to Chicago, where he has
sinoe resided and been engaged in various successful enterprises. He was
appointed Colonel of the Second Regiment of Illmois Guards in 1874 and com
missioned Brigadier General of the First Brigade Illinois National Guards in
1878. As such he had command of the military force in the city of Chicago
during the riots of that year, during which he handled his force of five regi
ments in a manner to secure the commendation of all. He resigned this position

322 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
inhabitants of which had been expelled, being given their
option to go North or South, in order that the Army might
be unencumbered in its task of making preparations for its
future movements. It seemed probable that the purpose of
General Sherman was to accumulate there a sufficient supply
of rations and forage to enable him to make the movement.
toward Savannah, even should his opponent adopt the
Fabian tactic and destroy all supplies along the route.
General Hood, on the other hand was greatly trammeled as to
his movements by the fact that thirty-four thousand Federal
prisoners were confined at Andersonville in his rear. If
released by Sherman's army, they would add greatly to his
strength. He was compelled therefore, to remain on the
defensive until arrangements were made for their removal.
As soon as this was done, he began to cast about for some
thing which he might attempt which offered a reasonable
hope of at least deferring the fate impending over the Confed
eracy. It was evident that if he retained his position,
Sherman would soon be able to advance on him with a
perfectly appointed army of eighty thousand men and send
Thomas into Alabama with one of fifty thousand or
more. There was no hope of reinforcements or relief
from any quarter. The Confederate army would merely
have to fall back day by day, until it was disintegrated by
desertion or compelled to surrender to overwhelming num
bers. He therefore conceived the brilliant idea of transfer
ring his army around the right wing of Sherman's forces;
crossing the Chattahoochee and falling on the line of supply

in 1877, and has since been concerned in the establishment and promotion Of
some of the most important enterprises in the country, such as the Calumet Iron
and Steel Company, the Western Indiana Railroad, and the Rolling Mills at
Evansville, Ind. He is President of the Chicago and Calumet Terminal Rail
way, the Calumet Canal and Improvement Company and the Standard Steel
and Iron Company. His enterprises have yielded him an ample fortune and he
is accounted among the most prominent and substantial men of the West. His
career has been a most remarkable one, and shows throughout the same enter
prise-, vigor and attention to details, which made him one of the. most promis
ing soldiers of the regiment whose first battle was the last he saw. The story
of Gen. Torrence's life reads like a page torn out of some mediaeval romance
only more wonderful than even the imagination of a Mandeville could trace-

IN PURSUIT OF HOOD. 323
of the Federal Army so as to compel the division of
Sherman's army to pursue and head him off from Chatta
nooga and middle Tennessee.
General Hood's preparations for this movement were
made with the celerity and subtlety which characterized that
commander. He knew he could be of no service to the
Confederacy if he remained where he was; there was a
chance that this bold move might accomplish brilliant re
sults. It was a chance worth trying. Having determined
upon it, he gave his whole soul to its execution, and his
movements were so swift that he had gained four days be
fore his alert antagonist could guess out his purpose. The
order to move was issued on the 28th of September; on the
29th, at noon, General Hood rode across the pontoon bridge
at the head of his infantry, and camped that night at Pray's
Church. Two days afterwards, he was at Lost Mountain;
the next day he seized Ackworth and Big Shanty, and the
day after, the 5th of October, attacked Allatoona.
On the day he crossed the Chattahoochee the rumor came
that the Confederate Army was moving to our rear. It was
thought to be a cavalry demonstration. The next day the
granting of furloughs was stopped and all leaves of absence
were suspended. On the second of October, Hood's designs
had so developed that Sherman determined to pursue with
his whole army except one corps left to hold Atlanta. Hood
had gained a week's start, but Sherman's army was in prime
condition, elated with victory and accustomed to long and
furious marches. Probably no army in the world was ever
its superior in this respect, and few generals have ever
equaled Sherman in capacity to move a large army with
extreme rapidity for a long time.
On the afternoon of the 3rd of October the Thousand
broke camp and started with the army in pursuit. On
the 4th they recrossed the Chattahoochee; on the 5.th
reached Marietta; on the 8th were at Ackworth; on the
10th at Allatoona; on the 15th crossed the Oostenaula
River; on the 16th passed through Snake Creek Gap, which

324 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
they had passed going the other way on the 12th of May
preceding. Then they turned southward, passed a week
building a bridge and grinding wheat and corn for supplies
at Gaylesville, Alabama; started eastward on the 28th and
arrived at Rome, Georgia, on the 31st of October. On the
3rd of November they reached Kingston, Georgia, and re
mained there in a delightful camp for one week.
On the 11th of November they turned their faces toward
Atlanta, over the very roads they had already twice tra
versed since the summer began. This time they destroyed
railroad bridges and everything that could be of value to an
enemy. Sherman was cutting loose from his base of sup
plies. They passed through Ackworth, Big Shanty, found
Marietta a mass of smoking ruins, and on the 15th reached
Atlanta. In the meantime, Hood by the 12th of October had
reached Resaca, the point occupied by Johnston five months
before, when the campaign against Atlanta began, capturing
Dalton and all intermediate points, except Allatoona, and
advanced to Tunnell Hill, seven miles from Chattanooga.
From this point he turned south and on the 1 5th was at
Cross Roads, nine miles south of LaFayette. Here he de
termined to halt and deliver battle, but his corps command
ers declared that the morale of his army would not justify
such a course. The shadow of the end already hung over
the Southern soldier. Well would it have been for Hood's
renown if he had taken warning from his soldiers' intuitions
and spared them farther useless slaughter. His love of
fcattle, sanguine temper, and above all his confidence in the
genius of Lee, kept alive in the breast of the shattered vet
eran a strange, delusive hope that the Confederacy would
yet triumph.
Foiled in his plan of engaging Sherman, with the con
currence of his superior, General Beauregard, he determined
to advance into Tennessee and engage Thomas before the
forces of that commander could be concentrated. Overcoming
almost incredible obstacles he carried this design into effect,

IN PURSUIT OF HOOD. 325
narrowly missing success, through the failure of Cheatham to
attack Schofield in flank while on the march. One month after
leaving his position to the southeast of Atlanta, Hood's army
was resting on the banks of the Tennessee waiting to cross,
while Sherman had turned back to begin the movement
which was to end the last act of the great national tragedy.
To the men of the Thousand, this month's jaunt despite
forced marches, dust and heat, was thoroughly enjoyed.
Every journal kept during that time is brimful of jollity.
The fleeing enemy, the return to scenes of the summer's
strife, the fruitful autumn, the attractive scenery and rich
harvests of the Coosa Valley, and above all, the universal
impression that the end of the war was at hand, tended to
make these citizen-soldiers especially gleeful on this vaca
tion trip through the country. It is said that even Adjut
ant Dickerman who had passed unmoved through the fertile
fields of Kentucky and the most attractive nooks of the
Cumberland Plateau, was so impressed by the attractions of
Northern Alabama that he proposed to return there and set
tle, as soon as the war was over. Instead of doing so, how
ever, he studied law, became a judge in Michigan, and is
now a practitioner in California.
Captain Mansfield, too, who had risen from a private in
Company H, to be the Chief of Ambulances on the staff of
General Baird, of the Third Division of the Fourteenth
Corps, records the fascination which this beautiful region
had for him; but he also yielded to the attractions of busi
ness and politics, and instead of becoming a carpet-bagger
in Alabama, he listened to the solicitation of his friends and
took a seat in the legislature of Pennsylvania.
One incident of this march illustrates in a curious way
the haps of war . On the 29th of September, Lieutenant
Wm. H. Castle, then in command of Company E, received
a leave of absence for thirty days, from the headquarters
of the Army of the Cumberland. On the next day the
general order announcing a movement of the enemy to the
rear, was issued by General Sherman, commanding the

326 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
Military Division of the Mississippi. Among other things
this order revoked all furloughs of enlisted men still
within the limits of the army, and " suspended" all leaves
of absence which had been granted to officers still with their
commands. Lieutenant Castle had just received his leave of
absence and was still with his command. Throughout
the whole march, his comrades joked him about his
leave ot absence; asked him how he was enjoying him
self, how the weather was at home ; and addressed to him
all the good-natured raillery which an unlucky man is
the recipient of when his ill-luck happens to have a
ludicrous phase.
On the return march, the Thousand halted for some days
at Kingston, Georgia; went into camp, were paid off and
there was every indication that they would remain there for
some time. Other officers who held leaves of absence sim
ilar in character to that Lieutenant Castle had, regarding the
"suspension" as at an end, went to the rear. Castle was
young, had little experience of the world to begin with, and
small inclination to take life seriously. He had risen from
the ranks in Company K ; was a good-natured fellow, always
ready for duty ; had never been absent from his com
mand except three days during his term of service, and had
only once been under arrest. That once was for not pre
venting his men from filling their haversacks with ears of
corn from an over-turned wagon in a train they were guard
ing during the starvation days of the Siege of Chattanooga.
He was a trim, handsome fellow, and, his boyish appearance
with some lack.of firmness, were against him as disciplinarian.
Colonel Perkins, who had been absent on leave rejoined
while the regiment was encamped at Kingston.
On the evening of the day the regiment was paid off,
Lieutenant Castle went to the colonel's tent to inform him
that he intended to take advantage of his leave of absence
now almost a month old. Finding several officers there, he
waited till they should go, before mentioning the matter,
lest he should awaken their raillery. Presently, one of

IN PURSUIT OF HOOD. 32"t
them asked him, jocosely, how he enjoyed his "leave
of absence." "That is all right," answered the lieutenant,
"I am going home on it, now we have driven Hood off the
lines and the cars are running again." A shout of
laughter greeted this announcement. He was told that his
leave was out of date ; that he had lost his chance and
would have to begin over again. "Well," he replied, "I
am going to try it, anyhow." Major Edwards said he
would be "a fool if he did not."
An engine was standing on a siding near the camp
with steam up. After leaving the Colonel's tent, he went
and asked the engineer when the train would pull
out? "I am expecting orders every minute," was
the reply. Castle hurried back to his quarters : packed
up his traps ; turned everything over to First Sergeant
George D. Elder, and hurried down to the train. Only
box cars were run on these military railroads, below
Chattanooga, at least. Into one of these he hustled ;
wrapped himself in his blanket and was soon asleep.
Morning came and the train was still on the siding.
Several of the officers of the regiment came down and
joked with him about his "leave of absence," having
stopped the train. About ten o'clock it started. Two
days afterwards he reported at the headquarters of the
Department of the Cumberland to which the Thousand
belonged, in Nashville ; presented his leave of absence to
the proper staff officer, and had it dated and countersigned,
stating the time at which he must report for duty. This
was the usual proceedure. Furloughs and leaves of
absence were granted by the department commander ; not
by the general commanding the Military Division. So,
Lieutenant Castle went home on a leave of absence regularly
granted and regularly endorsed by the only officer having
right to grant such leave. A few days after reaching home
he was taken sick ; he forwarded a surgeon's certificate to
department headquarters, and his leave was extended
twenty days. At the end of that time, he reported for
duty and was ordered to meet his regiment in Savannah.

328

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

In the meantime, a curious by-play had been enacted
in the camp of the Thousand. Colonel Perkins learned
next morning that Lieutenant Castle was on the train
bound North, and the adjutant reported him "absent
without leave — left between two days." The report was in
tended to mean no doubt, that the lieutenant was absent
without leave of the commanding officer of the regiment,
quite forgetful of the fact that he had the express leave of
General Thomas, in his pocket. Col. Perkins, when he
signed this report had
probably forgotten Cas
tle's statement of the
night before, or did not
consider it a sufficient
notification of his pur
pose to use the leave of
absence, which had fur
nished matter for jest for
a month. He was not
with the regiment when
it was received and prob
ably knew nothing of its
real character. At all
events, the morning re
port erroneously stated
that Lieutenant Castle
Lieut. W. H. Castle. was absent without leave.
It was a very serious error. Colonel Gleason, commanding
the brigade, called this report to the attention of General
Baird, commanding the division, who thereupon ordered

William H. Castle was born in Geneva, O., May 1841. His parents
were from Connecticut, but removed to Ashtabula county, about 1830. His
father was a skilful mechanic ; carried on a foundry, machine and saw-mill
business and built the first steam engine successfully operated in that county*
The son grew up in the shop, attended the district school and Kingsville
Academy. He enlisted in the 105th as a private; was made 1st Sergeant; pro
moted to 2d and 1st Lieutenant, and finally dismissed for desertion, while he had
in his pocket a leave of absence from his Department Commander.

IN PURSUIT OF HOOD. 329
that Lieutenant Castle be reported "as a deserter." Tnis
was done, and for the first time, probably, in the history
of any war, a man having leave of absence from the general
commanding a department, was recommended for dismis
sal as a deserter. When Castle reached Savannah after
the expiration of his leave, he was ordered in arrest and
soon afterwards dishonorably dismissed as a deserter.
This is the story as told by Lieutenant Castle thirty
years afterwards ; confirmed by papers still in his
possession, and also, as to its details, by more than thirty
members of the regiment who were conversant of the facts
in whole or in part. It happened just at the close of
the war when the country was too much engaged with
momentous affairs to have room to right the wrongs of a
poor lieutenant. Almost every officer in the regiment
petitioned for a reversal of this judgment — a judgment
rendered without trial or hearing, and without allowing the
accused even a copy of the charges preferred against
him. But the authorities were too busy winding up the
multitudinous affairs of a great war when it reached Wash
ington to pay any heed to such a petition. So the years
went by and a faithful officer still bears the stigma of hav
ing been a deserter.
Worse than that, during all that time, this officer, now
a deserving citizen, has been unable to obtain from the War
Department, even a copy of the charges against him ! Over
and over again, he has applied for it, and over and over
again, he has been refused.
This country is a free country, so we boast, but no
worse tyranny could be found in autocratic Russia than the
action of the War Department in this matter. The writer
laid a full statement of the case before the present

After the war, Lieutenant Castle was for a time a clerk in one ofthe De
partments in Washington; studied in the Columbian Law School, graduating
in 1869. The mechanical bent was too strong, however, and he went back to
his business of machinist ; engaged in manufacturing for a time and is now,
(1895) in charge of the metal work of the Columbian Novelty Co., of Northeast
Pa.

330 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
Secretary of War, (1894-5), pointing out to him the
injustice of condemning a man unheard and then refusing
him even a copy of the charge against him. It was to no
purpose. The only statement ever vouchsafed, in regard to
the matter, was that ' 'Lieutenant Castle was recommended to
be dismissed on account of desertion, by Colonel Perkins,
Colonel Gleason and General Baird." It is not believed
that Colonel Perkins recommended such dismissal. If he
did, it must have been without knowledge of the facts.
Such ignorauce is not unreasonable considering the fact that
he would have had only hearsay knowledge of a matter that
happened during his absence from the regiment, and many
have judged from the jesting allusions to it, that there was
something irregular about the leave of absence itself.
However this may be, the curious fact is presented of an
officer being dismissed the service without trial; without
being permitted to see a copy of the charges against him,
and branded as a deserter when every moment of his
absence was actually covered by a leave of absence from his
department commander. In the publication of this incident,
in periodical form, some blame was laid upon Major
Edwards. That officer promptly wrote: " If I was the
cause of any injustice to Lieutenant Castle, no effort of
mine shall be lacking to put the matter right. " Upon
further examination, it was found that Colonel Perkins
had returned to the regiment two or three days before this
incident happened, so that no responsibility attaches to
Major Edwards for the unjust report made of his perfectly
legal absence.
It is proper, also, to say that the papers in the War
Department were shown to Lieut. Castle in 1866, but he
was not given a copy nor allowed to make one. Through
the influence of Major Edwards, Senator Cushman K. Davis
of Minnesota has taken the matter up and it is probable
that at some time in the future this curious and no doubt
unintended wrong will be righted.
Another incident which occurred on the 11th of
October, was characteristic of the citizen-soldiery of the

IN PURSUIT OF HOOD. 331
war of Rebellion. Marching in pursuit of the enemy,
the Thousand, after pushing forward from daylight until
eleven o'clock, halted in a shady grove to hold an election.
At that time, Ohio voted for state officers, on the second
Tuesday of October, and the soldiers of the Thousand were
still citizens of the Buckeye State, and entitled by law to
vote for governor and state officers. Captain Cummings
acted as clerk of the polls and Captain Stambaugh, one of
the judges of the election, held a haversack, which was
used as a ballot box. In previous elections a cracker-box
served that purpose, and in the Presidential election, in
November following, it was again restored to duty in that
capacity. The clerk used a medicine-case, borrowed from
the surgeon, for a desk. When the halt was over, the
polls were closed and re-opened again on reaching the point
selected for the camp. The election passed off very quietly.
The regiment cast 284 votes, all for the ' ' Brough
ticket," John Brough being the Union candidate for
governor, though one man scratched Brough's name off
his ticket. So a traveling election for officers of the
State of Ohio, was held about five miles beyond Allatoona,
and along the road, twelve or fifteen miles toward Kingston,
in the State of Georgia.

XXVI.
FROM ATLANTA TO THE SEA. '
•yj^* mmr ENCEFORTH, the Story of the
., | I ijr-, 9 Thousand, was" that of a great
S^w^fC'i I army of picked men perfectly
equipped, which cut loose from its
base of supplies, with less than
ten days' rations, except of coffee,
sugar and salt, for a march of two
hundred miles to the seaboard at
Savannah. There were no obstacles
to this march worthy of serious
consideration . General Beaure
gard, who was in command of the
Confederate Military Department,
-t-5**^ embracing Georgia, Florida, Ala
bama and Tennessee, had not troops enough at his disposal if
they had been concentrated at any point, to have offered any
hopeful opposition. But they were not concentrated. Hood
was on the banks of the Tennessee, two hundred miles to the
westward and Taylor at Mobile nearly as far to the south.
The only opposition offered to Sherman's march was the
mere annoyance of Wheeler's Cavalry, numbering about
five thousand men, who hovered about the front and along
the flanks of the two great columns, into which his army
was divided. They destroyed bridges, captured a few
foragers and served to keep alive in the minds of the Fed
eral soldiery the fact that they had an enemy. With How
ard on the right and Slocum on the left, covering a front of
fifty miles in width, the victorious army swept down to the
sea, pausing only here and there to eross a river or destroy
332

FROM ATLANTA TO THE SEA. 333
a railroad. There was but one question of difficulty con
nected with this movement which seemed rather a holiday
procession than a hostile march through an enemy's country.
This was the question of supplies. For these the army
depended almost wholly upon the country through which it
passed. The army of General Sherman on the great march from
Atlanta, was organized as follows:
The Right Wing, commanded by Major General 0. 0.
Howard, comprised the Fifteenth Corps, Major-General P.
J. Osterhaus and the Seventeenth Corps, Major-General
Frank P. Blair. The Left Wing, commanded by Major-
General Henry W. Slocum, comprised the Fourteenth Corps,
Major-General Jefferson C. Davis and the Twentieth Corps,
Brigadier-General A. S. Williams. The aggregate force of
infantry was sixty thousand men. The cavalry fifty-five
hundred men, was under command of Brigadier-General
Judson Kilpatrick.
The Fourteenth Corps was composed of three divisions :
the first led by Brigadier-General W. P. Carlin; the second
by Brigadier-General James A. Morgan; the third, of which
the Thousand was'a part, by Brigadier-General Absalom
Baird. The Second Brigade of this Division remained the
same as in the Atlanta campaign, except the Thirty-fifth
Ohio, whose term of service had expired.
For the Thousand and the Division to which it belonged,
this march really began at Kingston. The writer, there
fore, gives instead of any description he might attempt, a
letter- journal of Commissary Sergeant William J. Gibson,
extending over this interval, which was written from day to
day during the march. In vividness and quaintness, it
excels any account of the same that has come under the
writer's notice.
The view one gets of the commissary himself is a fine
bit of self -revelation. Our army abounded in such scholarly,
self -forgetting characters. The chivalry of the North dif
fered from that of the South : it was not self-assertive nor

334 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
boastful. No finer picture of a volunteer soldier to whom
war was an accident, not a vocation, could be given than
this conscientious commissary-sergeant, trudging along
with the wagons of the brigade, and mixing up in his jour
nal the daily duty of issuing rations and the studies which
he had sworn never wholly to abandon during his service.
So we see him reading, with true student-hunger, the strange
array of books which the hap of war threw in his way, and
recording his impressions of them with a candor he would
hardly exhibit now, and with a keenness of which no literary
critic need be ashamed. Kingston, Ga., Nov. 12, 1864.
Start about 10 a. m. in the direction of Atlanta; pass
the last train of convalescents going North. Set fire to the
town and commence destroying the railroad as we go ; many
conjectures as to our destination, all founied on Tecumseh's
(Gen. Sherman) remark that he was going to ' ' feed his boys
on oysters this winter." The romance of seeing "Old
Ocean" and picking up shells on the shore makes the trip
rather desirable; anything for a change from this wooden
country. Pass Cartersville, where much Government prop
erty is wantonly destroyed and the town burned. Cross the
Etowah and camp two miles south; issue rations in the
night. Nov. 13.
In company with Warner (J. R.) and Cowles (E. R.)
pass over Allatoona Heights and view the recent battle-field.
Day very pleasant and scenery wild. Brigade tears up
railroad and burns Ackworth and Big Shanty. Camp a
few miles north of Kenesaw Mountain road. Read ' ' Un
collected Writings of Charles Lamb," like them well.
Nov. 14.
Very frosty. The fields are filled with women and
children, half-naked refugees from their burning homes.
Think of climbing the mountain, but the task is rather too
much and I retreat. Pass through Marietta, which is in
flames; the railroad destroyed by troops in advance of us.

FROM ATLANTA TO THE SEA. 335
Cross the Chattahoochee at dark and burn the bridge after
us. Camp near the river. See a great light in front;
supposed to be Atlanta burning. Read ' 'Harper's Monthly"
for November. Nov. 15.
Start at da3'light and reach the city by noon. All
smoke, dust , bustle and confusion. Halt on the August
Railroad, where the Rebs destroyed eighty cars of ammuni
tion. Draw rations and clothing, after night-fall. A
burning city is a never-to-be-forgotten sight. Pick up
several abandoned books, but none worth carrying save a
Horace I found upon the porch of an empty house. Nov. 16.
Leave Atlanta (or rather its ashes) at nine a . m. Move
out through Decatur a distance of nineteen miles ; passing
over McPherson's battle-field and a wild country ravaged by
cavalry. Leave Stone Mountain to the left. See very few
citizens. Read  "Natural History"; quite read
able. Have sweet potatoes, broiled pork, hard bread and
coffee for supper; and cornstalks for bed. Nov. 17.
Move at seven; pass through Lithonia, destroying the
railroad as we go. Take dinner in a rustic, rusty little vil
lage called Congers, probably named in honor of Capt.
Congers of the Revolution, thirty miles from Atlanta.
The country abounds in sweet potatoes and persimmons.
Read Shakespeare's "Sonnets." Read Edward Everett's
Introduction to his Greek Grammar, and of course resolve
to master Greek some.day. Halt at eight p. m. , about
thirty-six miles, I should think, from Atlanta. Have
sweet potatoes and fresh pork for supper. Nov. 18.
Reveille at five. Have to abandon two fine volumes of
Clark's "Commentaries" after reading the Introduction to
Joshua. Go with foraging detail ; become a marvel of mud,
burrs, briars, Spanish needles, etc. Cross a saffron stream
quite hid in tanglewood, called Yellow River, on a broken

336 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
dam. Pass through Oxford; forage an antiquated quad
ruped yclept "Rosinante," "fair as the driven snow," but
by no means "fleet as the wings of the morning." At
tacked by guerillas ; more scared than hurt. Camp one mile
east of Covington, a very pretty village of white mansions
with fluted pillars in front ; negro women and children crowd
around us, and all seem anxious to ' 'go wid yu'uns. " Forty-
five miles from Atlanta. Issue rations of coffee, sugar, salt
and sweet potatoes. Nov. 19.
Start at daybreak; raining. Mount Rosinante; my
first day's ride in the army; pass through Sandtown, which
I shall always remember for the number of black women
there. Read "Medea of Euripides," translated by Byron;
very sentimental it is. Yams abound, a watery sort of
sweet potato; the regular sweet potatoes being long and
slender, and either white or red, the latter the best. Having
marched fifteen miles; we camp in an open field. Nov. 20.
Bv a circuitous route pass through Shadyvale, a sort
of suburban relic of Southern chivalry; the headquarters
of one Whitfield, who did own 1500 niggers and 7,000
acres of land; the old nabob is not so rich as he was. The
country is rich in forage and beautiful ; but the day is too
dreary to enjoy traveling. March fourteen miles; eat tur
nips. Read first chapter Dick's Astronomy. Nov. 21.
The rain rains cold. Eat fresh pork and sweet pota
toes without dishes or seasoning, in the rain and cold and
darkness. Ye Gods, what business has a sophomore in the
Army? Intensely cold; cross Murderer's Creek. Read
second chapter of Dick's Astronomy. Travel about twelve
miles without anything of interest. Nov. 22.
A few drops of snow. See a garden of ' ' red, red
roses." March six miles and camp on what is said to be
Howell Cobb's plantation, within eight miles of Milledge-

FROM ATLANTA TO THE SEA. 337
ville. Find plenty of potatoes, sorghum, salt and peanuts.
Have fiesh pork and chicken for supper. Eat some per
simmons so rich and sweet, a score quite satisfied my
appetite. Third chapter of Dick's Astronomy. Nov. 23.
Start early; did not see General Cobb's mansion; the
other buildings are burned. The morning is beautiful; so
is the country. Arrive at the Capital about four p. m.
Rather a mean town, little better than Ashtabula; State
House a great square foundry concern; tipsy officers hold
a mock legislature and pass some remarkable laws. Issue
beef. Read Plutarch's Agesilaus. Nov. 24.
Lay in camp. Wash and mend a little. Read a chap
ter in Disraeli's "Curiosities of Literature. Like it well.
Issue beef, bake peanuts and make a supper of them.
Nov. 25.
March at six across the Oconee on a long, covered bridge,
which is soon after burned by the Third Brigade. Lend
Bucephalus to go foraging. Cross Buffalo Creek at a
pretty mill-pond with an island in it. Country more hilly
and pitch-pine larger. Read a review of Grote's ' 'Greece" in
the London Quarterly. Weather pleasant and sky blue.
Am in good spirits for a lone soldier. Nov. 26.
Start at daylight; country very swampy; mile-posts
marked with notches, so that niggers can read them. Many
cotton plantations with their large " Gin- houses " and
towering long-armed presses like so many great overgrown
cider-mills. Cross Town and Gum creeks almost lost in
swamps. Camp near Sandisville, a very ordinary little
town with a Grecian court-house and a monument to
Colonel Irwin of the Revolution. March fifteen miles. Issue
potatoes and beef. Read about the London police. Make
a pot of mush. Nov. 27.
Start at 6. 30 . Cross Williamson Creek and the Ogee-

338 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
chee River, a slender stream with a monstrous long bridge.
Find two bottles of choice wine buried in a garden. See for
the first time a live oak (called a water oak by the natives);
a majestic looking evergreen, much used in ship- building.
Pass the Harrison plantation ; destroy a vast amount of cot
ton, wine, Brussels carpets, mahogany furniture, china ware,
silver plate, etc., etc., of untold value. The owner had just
sent them from Savannah to his country residence for safe
keeping. Read some in Story's " Equity Jurisprudence " ;
nearly half Latin. March sixteen miles and camp in prairie
grass. Issue mutton. Nov. 28.
Day very pleasant; but road nearly knee-deep with
sand; marching very laborious. See the first tar-pit; a
very simple concern; I could make one myself. Rosinante
proves to be a very rougb trotter. Our division detained a
long time in pontooning Rocky Comfort Creek. Passsed
through Louisville, which is sacked and most of it burned.
Read sketches of Hawthorne, Holmes and Emerson in the
" Cyclopedia of American Literature," a very neatly gotten
up book with portraits, autographs and samples of their
writing. March about six miles and camp in corn stubble.
Nov. 29.
Said to be skirmishing nine miles ahead. Examine
some queer specimens of hanging moss; silken drapery of
nature's own knitting, which drops five and six feet from
the boughs on which it grows; it is silver gray, very soft
and much used in making cushions; it gives the oak a very
hoary, weird appearance. Feel vexed about my old saddle,
which the Colonel has just given to some shoulder-straps,
and then vexed more to think so small a matter should vex
me at all. Read some in " Lalla Rookh, " which quite con
founds with bombastic names and metaphors, yet has a
strange dreaminess about it that is quite enchanting. Issue
meal shorts, coffee, beef, fresh pork and yams. Spend
much of the day in culinary operations. Do not march.

FROM ATLANTA TO THE SEA. 33!)
Nov. 30.
Trade Rosinante for a venerable steed whom I shall
call Uucephalus, out of respect for his gray hairs. Much
noise but little damage on the picket line. Read three
chapters in DTsraeli — his prejudices are as offensive as his
learning is marvelous; think him a man of more acumen
than comprehension. Read five pages of Lalla Rookh.
Move one-half mile and issue meal and flour. Dec. 1
So warm, the shade is quite welcome. Start at ten;
skirmish with the enemy's cavalry. Pass some pretty little
takes. The woods so full of evergreens we quite forget
winter. Can but admire the hanging moss, waving like
drapery. Beauregard ordered all forage burned before us,
which is not very easy, much of the corn being still on the
stalk. March eleven miles and camp "among the pines."
Sleep under the wagon on corn stalks, with merelj" a "sack"
and two blankets. Oh, winter, blessed be thy sunny side!
Read Knickerbocker. Dec. 2.
Move at daylight; atmosphere quite heavy, but soon
clears up. Pass vast quantities of corn in cribs and cotton
in gin-houses. Cross Rock Creek, change our direction
southward; march about fifteen miles; issue meal, pork and
potatoes. Read some of the " Blue Laws " by which a man
is severely punished for kissing his wife on Sunday. Also
read Thompson's " Seasons; " don't much like it. Dec. 3.
Start at seven; take the wrong road and several
miles out of the way. Eat black haws and " Buckberries, "
as the darkies call them, but think they are merely
a species of huckleberries. Read " Historical Magazine. "
One of our regiment finds a reb hid in a cellar with a box
of gold coin and watch. Have a good chance to study Kill-
patrick's angular features; don't much like them. Pass
illimitable fields of unhusked corn. March about ten miles
and camp by railroad which is torn up and burned. Issue
fresh pork and potatoes. Heavy rain in evening.

340 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
Dec. 4.
Air a little chilly. Fight at Waynesboro, four miles
to the north. Our division moves around that way, leaving
the wagons behind; staj- with the latter, and do not move
till three o'clock. Read in " Cyclopedia of American Liter
ature"; like it well. Pass through Alexandria — without
being conscious of it. March twelve miles and camp in a
cornfield. Issue meal and potatoes, Bake yams by laying
them before the fire. Dec. 5.
Start at daylight. ' ' Pine Barrens " all the way ; scarce
another tree to be seen. See some beautiful live oaks and
black willows growing in door yards ; they look like mam
moth apple trees. See for the first time " grass-nuts," not
unlike wilted beans, and tasting like beech-nuts; they are
sown broadcast and used to feed hogs. See what the Hoos-
iers called a "wolf-den" but did not see its occupant.
Read "Titus Andronicus." March eighteen miles and
camp in the edge of a wood. Issue potatoes, beef and one
box of hard-bread, the first since lea.ving Atlanta. Dec. 6.
Make a breakfast of peanuts. March at eight. Cross
a creek that, for aught I could learn, is anonymous. See
an old shanty, said to have been the headquarters of Gen
eral Washington at one time; now it is Killpatrick's. Got
quite interested in Spencer's " Faerie Queene, " a little ob
scure on account of its obsolete words and queer orthogra
phy. March sixteen miles without seeing anything note
worthy. Camp in a dense forest within two and one-half
miles of the Savannah River. Issue potatoes, mutton
and beef. Dec. 7.
March at daybreak. See some strange specimens of
giant cactus, called " Spanish daggers " by some, and " pal
metto " by others; on top of a knotty stem ten or twelve feet
high is a clump of overgrown flag -weed without limb or twig
to distinguish it as tree. Also see some wild hollies, a very

FROM ATLANTA TO THE SEA. 341
pretty bush with little clusters of red berries strung like
beads along its leafless tendrils. Bucephalus and I came
near being run over by a malicious wagon. Read in ' 'Faerie
Queen ' and " Timon of Athens." March fourteen miles
and camp in a thicket. Prepare for bed, and get orders to
march immediately. Raining in torrents; road through a
dismal swamp, down, down, down among alligators, mules,
niggers and inky darkness. Is hell worse? ' ' Neigh, " says
Bucephalus, as he flounders chin deep in the mire. Toward
morning it clears up. We plod on in silence, for such a
march makes one sullen. Gaze at the bewildered stars
through pines two hundred feet high, and wonder why the
crazy moon will set in the southeast. Come up with the
regiment about daylight. Marched during the night about
eight miles . Issue potatoes. Dec. 8.
Pull out at sunrise ; delayed some hours by bad roads:
skirmish with rebs in our rear. First Division fortify and
seta trap for the "Johnnies." See for the first time a
palm-leaf plant, with its stella-form leaves growing just as
it is made into fans. Read Cyclopedia of American
Literature. Cross Black River near where rebel gun-boat
has been shelling during the day. Pass near Washington's
Brick Church Hospital, built in 1769 and called "Ebenezer, "
also old Fort Marion on the bank of the Savannah. Dec. 9.
Move at 8 a. m. ; go to butcher beef but conclude not
to take any, it is so abominably poor. Change to another
road farther south. Air quite cool with a strong east wind.
Hear heavy cannonading, far to the south-east, supposed to
be our fleet off Savannah. Country very poor and forage
scarce. Found a black child two years old, abandoned in
the woods. March eight miles ; issue potatoes, hard bread
and bacon. Read just enough in ' 'The Joker" to keep from
breaking my motto, "Nulla dies sine linea." or several of
them.

342 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
Dec. 10 .
The boys bring in a lot of rice on the stalk to feed
their horses. It resembles oats more than any other grain
I can think of. Read some in Hamlet with Johnson's
notes. Don't think much of the old lexicographer as a
judge of poetry. Start at nine ; pass rebel " Lunette " (a
half a fort) in a dense forest. Much indignation is felt
against General Jefferson C. Davis for allowing a host of
black women and children to follow us several days, and
then abandoning them on the north bank of the Black river
where many were afterwards killed by inhuman guerillas.
Our brigade goes down to destroy the Charleston and
Savannah railroad bridge over the Savannah river, two and
a half miles from the road. I stay with the wagons ;
forage some corn and issue some potatoes. Sleep in " the
rain, the rain, the pleasant rain," with every opportunity
for observing its pleasantries, but without admiring one of
them ; so different is the poetical conception from the
practical application of such matters. Dec. 11.
Said to be Sunday. Build a pine-knot fire to dry the
blankets. Read "Faerie Queene, " but find nothing of
Titania ; Spencer's fairies seem to be matters in which Hood
or Shakespeare would see no poetry at all. See an orange
tree with its thick, double leaves, the first like a heart, the
second oblong. Cabbages very large, high as a man's head
and four feet across. (The writer evidently refers to the
southern vegetable known as "Collards. ') Pass through a
fine cypress swamp where many "Government" cattle were
mired. The cypress is a beautiful tree with a smooth white
shaft, thick at the ground and tapering to a waist, the
spray more delicate than the elm which it much resem
bles, and the limbs all fringed and tassled with hanging
moss ; it is quite fairy- like but what is oddest are the
stump-like roots sticking up in all directions, and called
"knees;" these it seems, without bud or sign of life,
finally develop into trees. March three miles and camp
within ten miles of Savannah. Issue beef.

FROM ATLANTA TO THE SEA. 343
Dec. 12.
Go down to see the Savannah river for the first time.
It is somewhat broader than the Ohio at Cincinnati but not
so clear, and is almost on a level with the surrounding
country ; at this point it rises and falls about five feet with
the tide ; the banks are lined with the grandest forest
trees I ever saw. Opposite is a rice plantation of 13,000
acres with its dikes, dams, canals etc., for irrigation (for
they say rice has to be kept under water six weeks after
planting, and then is cultivated in hills or rows like corn).
The canals are filled at the spring-tide . The plantation is
nearly one hundred years old, and its owner, James Potter,
is reputed to be worth $3,000,000 ; there are now acres of
rice in stacks which is being used for forage and the mills
are run by the soldiers. Seven miles down the river are the
steeples of Savannah, but alas for my poor sight, I could
not see them! In front are the boundless swamps of South
Carolina, the mother of treason. Read Richard III. Do
not remember reading of that villainous Gloster before.
Trade Bucephalus for a mule. Move half a mile to guard
Baird's Headquarters. Issue beef and think of old times.
Dec. 13.
Move forward and to the right, about four miles on a
line with the other .troops ; road through a quicksand
swamp. Country poor no chance to forage ; much
complaining from hunger which is more imaginary than
real; spirits fluctuate, alternately "sailing on high seas'
and "sinking in deep waters ;" a beautiful sight, makes
me glad I live to see it ; then military annoyances make
life burthensome ; anon am seated in my library at home
teaching Iris to read. Read more of the perfidy of Gloster
and frailty of Anne ; they are equally detestable. Issue
one-fourth rations of hard-bread and one-half sugar and
coffee, beef and bacon. Dec. 14.
Have black peas and biscuit for breakfast. Go back
to the rice mills for forage and admire again the grand old

344 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
live oaks, one of which measures eight feet through the-
body, forty feet high and branches extend laterally 120 feet.
This vast impenetrable canopy is deep green on the outside,
but beneath is gray with clusters of moss hanging every
where like massive icicles. No wonder the Druids
worshiped the oak and peopled it with wood nymphs.
There are hundreds of these oaken monarchs in one grove,
and by its side is the most beautiful sheet of silvery water
I ever beheld, fringed by a thin ribbon of red and yellow
willows. Read some of DTsraeli's plausible sophistry.
Issue beef. Dec. 15.
Write a letter home, the first for 37 days ; mail a $50
bond ; write a letter to Maty. Read DTsraeli's ' ' Philos
ophy of Proverbs." Like it tip-top ; one phrase struck me
as fine, if not original : " When our ancestors lived more
than ourselves among the works of God, and less among
those of men." Cowper has nearly the same: "Man
made the city, but God made the country." Issue one-
fourth rations of hard-bread, half of sugar, coffee, pepper,
salt and soap, and full rations of beef and bacon. Dec. 16.
Our Brigade goes foraging with eighty-three wagons.
Make a detour to the south and west of Savannah and cross
what is called " Big Ogeechee " (probably only the big end
of it) at King's Bridge, nine miles above Fort McAllister.
See two dispatch-boats laden with mail . Large rice plantation
along the river. Country very low and level. Read N. Y.
Herald of December 8, the first newspaper for more than a
month. Camp two miles south of the river, having marched
about twenty miles. Dec 17.
Rations "play out" in consequence of having to go
farther than we expected. Mule and I start hungry ;
move south-east about eighteen miles and camp near station
No. 3, on the Savannah and Gulf Railroad. Go two miles
for potatoes, coming back with a wagon in the dark, break

FROM ATLANTA TO THE SEA. 345
through a pole-bridge, headlong into the water : swear a
little, to be military. Get a pocketful of hickory-nuts.
Read old rebel paper. Dec. 18.
Move at eight; pass Midway church. Kegiment halts;
I and a few others go on foraging. We pass three
miles south of Riceboro (nearly fifty miles from Savannah)
and load up with potatoes. Country so low and near the
coast, it is nearly all overflowed at high tide. See some
very large black willows, thin branches covered with
mistletoe ; they might easily be mistaken for live oak.
Learn the name of an evergreen vine that entwines the
bodies and tangles tops of nearly every tree in this country,
"muscadine." Also, see an intensely green tree called
wild olive. Read a quaint account of the Katydid, illus
trated with cuts that would make Katy laugh to behold.
Camp on what is called "Jackson's Breastworks." Dec. 19.
Start at sunrise for camp ; the train having already
loaded and returned. See a black snake six feet long which
some of the boys have just killed. Have occasion to notice
a specimen of sugar cane which is buried over winter and
grows from the joints in the spring and is very large. This
country, though now an impenetrable swamp, seems to have
been tilled at some time. The woods are full of canals and
other signs of rice culture. Recross the Ogeechee and
camp in the woods about a mile north of it ; at night, build
a large fire of yellow pine and read many entertaining things
in the " Museum," a very readable book found in Riceboro.
Have a social chat with Colonel Perkins for the first time
since enlistment. Dec. 20.
Start at half past five ; take the wrong road and
countermarch a second time ; enough to make Gabriel
swear, let alone a tired soldier, Finally run the
"blockade" where rebel batteries are in plain sight, but
luckily do not molest us ; hear what is said to be the ' ' roar

346 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
of an alligator" but did not see the beast himself ; arrive
in camp about noon. Find two letters from home, the first
in forty dajs ; feel disappointed that there are no more.
Draw and issue rations of hard-bread, bacon, rice, coffee
and salt. Make a requisition for one pair of pants, one
pair shoes, two pairs of socks, two shirts, and one hai. Read
Harper. Dec. 21.
Sweet potatoes, molasses, and rice for breakfast.
Draw and issue rations nearly all day long. Every prepar
ation is made to move into the city, but we get no orders.
Read one sentence in Museum worth remembering : ' ' He
deserves to be beaten, who whips nature in a boy for a
fault." At night have a small taffy party. Grind some
rice on a pair of grist mill burrs turned by hand, and
wonder at the stupidity which invented such a negro-killing
concern. Dec. 22.
Pack up again to go to the city, but do not start
till noon. Pass five very large cannons which the "rebs"
abandoned in their haste. Camp a mile from town and the
boys proceed to build winter quarters. Take a ride through
the city. See Pulaski's monument ; am favorably im
pressed with the city all around. Go to the river and see
United States Transport, Canonicus, and LMajor-General
Osterhaus, commanding the Fifteenth Corps ; also a precious
llittle cheese that one of the boys had just bought for $40!
Philanthropic gentlemen from New York are retailing ap
ples at thirty cents a piece! I can't remember when I saw
apples or cheese before. Read four chapters in Vicar of
Wakefield. Wish I could write my own experience half as
truthfully as this seems to be given.
This wish the writer well fulfilled as this extract from
his journal shows.

XXVII.
THE GUIDONS POINT NORTHWARD.

T WAS, indeed, a merry Christ
mas for the men of the ' ' Lost
Army." The great march was
ended. The Army of the West
had come down to the sea. Hood,
whom Sherman had jocularly
offered to "furnish with rations if
he would go into Tennessee," had
been overwhelmed and destroyed
by our old commander, Thomas,
since we had heard from the
world without. For nearly two
months the army of Sherman had
been lost. Neither messenger nor
dispatch had come through the circling crowd of enemies to
tell of their progress or hopes. Only through Confederate
newspapers had the world heard of the ninety thousand men
who were marching under the soughing pines of Georgia,
until Sherman sent his famous dispatch to Lincoln which
set the joy-bells of the North ringing again :
"I beg to present you as a Christmas gift the city of
Savannah, with one hundred and fifty heavy guns and
plenty of ammunition, and also about twenty-five thousand
bales of cotton."
To this laconic message, President Lincoln replied :
347

348 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
Executive Mansion,
Washington, D. C, December 26, 1864.
My Dear General Sherman :
Many, many thanks for your Christmas gift — the
capture of Savannah.
When you were about to leave Atlanta for the
Atlantic coast, I was anxious, if not fearful ; but feeling
you were the better judge, and remembering that "nothing
risked, nothing gained," I did not interfere. Now, the
undertaking being a success, the honor is all yours, for I
believe none of vis went farther than to acquiesce. And
taking the work of General Thomas into the count, as it
should be taken, it is indeed a great success.
"Not only does it afford the obvious and immediate
military advantages, but in showing to the world that your
army could be divided, putting the stronger part to an im
portant new service, and yet leaving enough to vanquish
the old opposing forces of the whole — Hood's army — it
brings those who sat in darkness to see a great light.
" But what next? I suppose it will be safe if I leave
General Grant and yourself to decide.
"Please make my grateful acknowledgments to your
whole army, officers and men. Yours most truly. A. LINCOLN."
This graphic summary of the results of the campaign
is from the pen of a staff-officer of General Sherman : *
"The army marched over three hundred miles in
twenty-four days directly through the heart of Georgia,
and reached the sea with subsistence trains almost unbroken.
In the entire command, five officers and and fifty-eight men
were killed, thirteen officers and two hundred and thirty-two
men wounded, and one officer and two hundred and fifty-
eight men missiig, making a total list of casualties of but
nineteen commissioned officers and five hundred and forty-
eight enlisted men, or five hundred and sixty-seven of all
ranks. Seventy- seven officers and twelve hundred and
sixty-one men of the Confederate army, or thirteen hundred
and thirty-eight in all were made prisoners. Ten thousand
negroes left the plantations of their former masters and

?Sherman and his campaigns, by Colonel S, W. Bowman and Lieutenant-
Colonel R. B. Irwin.

THE GUIDONS POINT NORTHWARD.

:m

accompanied the column when it reached Savannah, with
out taking note of thousands more who joined the army
but from various- causes had to leave it at different points'.
Over twenty thousand bales of cotton were burned, besides
the twenty-five thousand captured at Savannah. Thirteen

Captain E. G. Morgakidge.

thousand head of beef-cattle, nine million five hundred
thousand pounds of corn, and ten million five hundred
thousand of fodder, were taken from the country, and
issued to the troops and animals. The men lived mostly on

Reuben George Morgaridge was bom in Morgan Co., O., May 1, 1838.
He was attending school at Conneaut, O., when the war broke out, and on
August 2, 1862, he abandoned his books and enlisted as a private in the 105th,
being mustered in as a corporal, and was promoted successively to 1st Sergt. ,

350 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
sheep, hogs, turkeys, geese, chickens, sweet potatoes, and
rice, gathered by the foragers from the plantations along
the route of each day's march. Sixty thousand men taking
merely of the surplus which fell in their way as they
marched rapidly on the main roads, subsisted for three
weeks in the very country where the Union prisoners at
Andersonville were starved to death or idiocy. Five
thousand horses and four thousand mules were impressed
for the cavalry and trains. Three hundred and twenty
miles of railway were destroyed, and the last remaining
links of communication between the Confederate armies in
Virginia and the West effectually severed, by burning every
tie, twisting every rail while heated red hot over the flaming
piles of ties, and laying in ruin every depot, engine house,
repair shop, water tank and turn-table.
"From the time that the army left Atlanta, until it
arrived before Savannah, not one word of intelligence was
received by the government or people except through the
Confederate newspapers, of its whereabouts, movements or
fate, and it was not until Sherman had emerged from the
region lying between Augusta and Macon, and reached
Milton, that the authorities and the press of the Confeder
acy were able to make up their minds as to the direction of
his march. " Marching in four columns, on a front of thirty miles,
each column masked in all directions by clouds of
skirmishers, Sherman was enabled to continue till the last
to menace so many points, each in such force that it was
impossible for the enemy to decide whether Augusta,
Macon,, or Savannah, were his immediate objective; the
Gulf or the Atlantic his destination; the Flint, the Oconee,
the Ogeechee, or the Savannah his route; or what his
ulterior design."
This is what Sherman, himself, says in his report of
the army he commanded, of which our Thousand — long since
no more a thousand — was a part :

2d Lieut., 1st Lieut., and Captain. His service was identical with that of the
regiment, as he was with it during its entire term of service. On being
mustered out. he resumed his studies and graduated at Eastman Business
College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., the following year. During the oil excitement
he was at Shamburg, Pithole and Miller Farm, serving as Post Master at the
latter place. In 1870 he moved to Titusville, remaining there three years,
going thence to Corry where he has since resided, being engaged in the cloth
ing and furnishing business.

THE GUIDONS POINT NORTHWARD.

351

"As to the rank and file, they seem so full of confi
dence in themselves, that 1 doubt if they want a compliment
from me; but I must do them the justice to say that,
whether called on to fight, to march, to wade streams, to
make roads, clear out obstructions, build bridges, make
'corduroy,' or tear up railroads, they have done it with
alacrity and a degree
of cheerfulness un
surpassed. A little
loose in foraging,
they 'did some things
they ought not to
have done,' yet, on
the whole, they have
supplied the wants
of the army with as
little violence as
could be expected,
and as little loss as
I calculated. Some
of these foraging
parties had encoun
ters with the enemy
which would in
ordinary times rank
as respectable bat
tles. ' ' The behavior of
our troops in Savan
nah has been so man-
Sergt. M. A. Teachout. ly, so quiet, so per
fect, that I take it as the best evidence of discipline and
true courage. Never was a hostile city, filled with women
and children, occupied by a large army with less disorder,
or more system, order, and good government. The same
general and generous spirit of confidence and good feeling
pervades the army which it has ever afforded me especial
pleasure to report on former occasions."

Marshall A. Teachotjt was born in Royalton, Cuyahoga Co., April 12-
1842. When enlisted as private in Co. D, 105th,Aug.l2,1862,he was employed as
clerk in his father's store. He participated in all the campaigns, marches and
battles in which the regiment was engaged except the battle of Missionary
Ridge, having been wounded in the left thigh at the battle of Chickamauga,
was in the hospital at Nashville. Tenn., at that time; was made sergeant of
he Company on th e 16th day of February, 1864 ; was taken prisoner with oth-

352 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
The halt in Savannah was merely that of a giant
waiting to catch his breath between two great efforts. The
fleet which lay in waiting brought supplies of all kinds in
lavish profusion. The great War Secretary, Stanton, came
down to confer with the victorious leader. The new depart
ment of the South was created. Sherman was given com
mand from the Gulf to Virginia; from the Mississippi to
the sea. He only paused to arrange for its orderly control;
to have Schofield's army of the Ohio sent around to
New Berne N. C , and then, at the head of his exultant
host, he turned his course northward to perform the other
half of his great undertaking and place his command in
touch with the left wing of Grant's army. On the 12th of
February the march began. It was the rainy season and
three hundred miles of swamp and lagoon, with a score of
swollen rivers, lay between them and their destination. A
was more alert enemy, the army of General Joseph E. John
ston, was again in their front and on their flank. What did
these things matter ? They were Sherman's soldiers elated
with the memories of victories achieved and obstacles over
come.

ers by John Morgan while on a foraging expedition under command of Captain
Canfield, Jan. 21. 1863 ; was paroled at McMinnville and returned at once to
the regiment. At close of the war he was employed as clerk in store at Pains-
ville; went to McMinnville, Tenn., in 1863, and remained there and at Chat
tanooga six years; engaged in the lumber and hardware business most of the
time since 1868. Present address, Columbus, O.

XXVIII.

OUR FORAGERS.

i IHE method of collecting supplies
on this march has given rise to
the most acrimonious discussion
connected with the history of the
war. The consideration of this
question has been seriously
complicated by the personal
feeling and bias of those who
have written in regard to it. The ex-Confederates have
generally pictured "Sherman's bummers" as little less
than fiends incarnate, and insisted that the unnecessary and
wholly unjustifiable destruction of private property,
especially in the State of South Carolina, left an inefface
able stain upon the Federal soldier as a wilful and reckless
violator of the rules of civilized warfare. It must be
admitted that the camp-fire tales to which the people of the
North have listened for a generation, have very often been
of a character to support this view.
To state the matter fairly, the following questions
arise :
1. What is the right of an invading force with regard
to the private property of the country through which it
passes ?
2. Did our army overstep the limitations imposed by
the rules of civilized warfare and to what extent ?
3. If so, where does the responsibility for such
excesses rest ? 353

354

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

The forage details were made up of two men from each
company, under charge of a sergeant from each regiment
and a commissioned officer from each brigade. These
numbers were from time to time increased by voluntary
accessions and after a while, the details were made perman
ent and the men were allowed to mount themselves by the
seizure of such mules and horses as they might require.
The operations of these foragers, or as they are more usually
termed ' ' bum
mers, " were a
most important
partof this cam
paign, not only
as a means of
support for the
army, but also
from the effect
they had in dis
heartening the
enemy and pre-
venting the
country through
which the army
passed from fur
nishing men and
supplies to con
tinue the war.
This whole re
gion, exempt

Lieut. Wm. H Forbis.
In command of Foragers of the Thousand.

from the effects of war, had been a fruitful field from
which supplies had been furnished to the Confederate
Army. After this march the Confederacy was cut m
twain from the Tennessee river to the ocean by a barren
swath sixty miles wide, over which, as a witty Southern
man expressed it, " if a crow flew he would have to carry
his rations."

OUR FORAGERS. 355
The consideration of this matter cannot be avoided in
a work of this character. It might be supposed that the
writer would simply declare that what was done was either
necessary or unavoidable, and, therefore, excusable. This
is the general course adopted by those who have written
from the standpoint of the Northern soldier. He is unable
to do so. Though yielding to none in devotion to the
cause for which we fought, and proud of the character
of the citizen-soldiery who composed this army, he lived for
fifteen years after the close of the war, on the edge of
the path it made ; was acquainted with hundreds oi
families whom the "bummers" visited, and has heard, be
side many a hospitable hearth, the story of their deeds.
These tales cannot be questioned ; indeed, they are
irrefutably confirmed by every journal, of that march, now
in the writer's possession. They made the listener's face
grow hot with shame — shame for the very men of whom he
was most proud, the very cause in which he most exulted,
the very people to whose civilization he looked with highest
hope for the future. That some of those who suffered
became implacable haters of the whole people whose army
brought the pillagers to their doors, he cannot wonder •
that by far the greater number looked back upon it with
quaint forbearance as an inevitable misfortune of warfare,
is not easy to explain ; while the fact that the Northern
soldier has come to regard it and to speak of it at his
re-unions, as a jest, rather grim and rough, but more
comical than otherwise, is to him a matter of great surprise.
He believes that very little blame attaches to the men of
Sherman's army for these excesses. There are bad, rough
spirits in every army, and these naturally sought the oppor
tunity for license which the forager's duty offered, but if
there had been, on the part of the commanding officer, a
disposition to prevent such excesses, this class of men
would have been prevented from securing place, on such
details.

350 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
So far as the Thousand is concerned, the writer is
happy to say that its colonel did all in his power to prevent
the coarser and ruder spirits in his command from becoming
the dominant element in such details and assigned to the
command of the same, an officer especially marked for his
sense of right, his religious character and obligation.
Lieutenant W. H. Forbis was the leader of the regimental
prayer-meeting and the chief of our foragers, from the third
day after we left Atlanta till the army reached Goldsborough,
North Carolina, and resumed the normal method of supply
by wagon-trains which brought the pungent bacon and
luscious hard-tack. Fortunately he is still in the land of
the living ; the writer asked him to give an account of
the foragers under his command, and leaves him to tell his
story in his own words :
' ' At Covington, Georgia, we reached the garden spot of
the south, and foraging began by order of Gen. Sherman.
The first hundred miles to Milledgeville was a huge picnic,
reaching the capital in seven days. Foraging was conducted
by details from each company.
' ' We here learned by the papers that great efforts would
be made for our destruction. Our trains being loaded with
ammunition, coffee, sugar, and a small supply of crackers,
with plenty of forage in sight, we were not dismayed.
' ' Taking a ten mile gait we easily removed the barricades,
substituted pontoons for bridges destroyed, and brushed the
cavalry aside. Still the great destruction and concealment
of property made the foragers' duty more arduous, and we
would have seen harder times but for the colored people in
this second stage of the campaign. They hailed our arrival
with pleasure and were ever willing to disclose hidden sup
plies and pilot us to distant swamps that concealed horses,
cattle and forage. We appreciated their services. What
-with rushing off our line of march to support Kilpatrick and
subsequent hard marches to regain our place in the advancing
•column, we would not have had time to ferret out supplies
but for their help. In our glorification of this march great
honor should be accorded them. The foragers were grateful.
The blacks were anxious for freedom, and many followed
us. However, we succeeded very well and had abundance
until we reached the Millen and Augusta Railroad.

OUR FORAGERS. 357
' ' Here we entered what is known as the pine barrens,
about forty miles wide. The second day from the railroad
we struck this waste. It may be described as sandy and
often marshy, largely covered with pine and scrub oak.
Unproductive, and thinly settled by "poor-whites," living
in rude tenements, who raised small patches of corn, sweet
potatoes and a small black bean called by the natives "peas."
Last but not least a species of hog known as "razor-backs "
and quite difficult to capture. About the time of entering
this territory the enemy changed their mode of operations,
Wheeler's command moving to our rear. This left the way
open to our foragers to cover a wide extent of territory, but
their utmost endeavors were poorly rewarded — at times
barely getting subsistence for their own needs.
' ' Striking tidewater we entered the ricefields ; the crop
had been harvested and taken to the high ground. The
hulling mills were mostly destroyed, and procuring food
from this source was similar to taking the hulls from oats.
Our rations for a week were a sharp reminder of the dark
days in Chattanooga. During this time we had invested the
outer works of Savannah.
' ' From this camp the entire brigade, taking most of the
division wagons, were out four days on a forage trip across
the Ogeechee River, and along the Gulf Railroad to Hines-
ville station. Here we found potatoes, beans, meat, molas
ses and corn sufficient to load the train. On our return a
battery across the flooded fields fired upon us ; probably it
was amusement for them, with no casualties on our part.
' ' Next day a general advance was made ; when the enemy,
leaving their guns and ammunition, abandoned the city.
Communication with the fleet ended our work as foragers
for the time being.
' ' The halt in Savannah was very pleasant, plenty of
rations, oysters in the shell, butter and other luxuries
were obtained from the city and transports. Good quarters
and an abundance of dry fuel from adjacent brickyards
completed our happiness, until we were ordered out for
picket duty, seven miles distant. We were still there when
the campaign through the Carolinas was inaugurated.
' ' Crossing the Savannah River at Sister's Ferry we first
entered South Carolina. There was a well-defined opinion
among the soldiers — often expressed — that if we ever got
into South Carolina we would make them understand what
invasion meant. "Torpedoes! be careful!" was the sign

358 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
that attracted our attention as we left the pontoons. Tread
ing carefully in the beaten path, we soon reached high
grounds and found Robertsville reduced to ashes. We
thought Bobtown would be a more appropriate name. We
camped a short distance beyond. Everything that would
readily ignite was fired. Fencing, houses and barns were all
consumed, and everything we could use was taken and
what we could not use destroyed.
' ' Foraging was conducted while in the swamp-lands by
the same methods pursued in Georgia, that is by detailing
men each day. Cotton was always destroyed. The writer
remembers his first experience with it. Entering a large
gin-house with much loose cotton ready for the press, the
light particles adhering to the timbers and rafters, he struck
a match and threw it on the pile. Immediately there was a
flash and a roar all over the structure. He bounded out in
quick time, and thereafter was more cautious.
"At times, splendid mansions were occupied by general
officers of our commands and guarded, seemingly with a
desire to save them. The soldiers believing in justice, de
tails from forage squads lingered near until the guards were
withdrawn, when they were fired.
' 'Tramping through swamps with continuous rains, made
progress very laborious. Our wing, Slocum's being the
left, had but slight annoyance from the enemy. Successful
foraging depended much upon the lay of the land and
character of the products. We remember one red-letter
day. We captured hams, eggs, milk, poultry and other
supplies with the largest goubers (pea-nuts) we ever saw.
The rivers were numerous and the foragers had to be in
at the crossings, which were mostly by pontoons. Our
foragers being the first into Barnwell, had taken a consider
able amount of stuff and had it piled in a house on the
square. The Twentieth Corps troops coming up, an officer
ordered us to clear out, as we had no business there. A
refusal brought on a war of words, and for a time it looked
as if weapons would be used. General Williams was
attracted to the scene and was inclined to side with his men ;
but we had possession and knew we were in the right. We
presume there were five hundred soldiers surrounding the
building when General Jefferson C. Davis came up; his
decision was that the Fourteenth Corps men had the best
claim, having done the collecting of the forage. This was
our first unfriendly encounter with that Corps, but not the

OUR FORAGERS. 359
last one. We were not always victorious. After leavino-
Barnwell we guarded the wagon trains until we reached
Lexington, near Columbia.
' 'The foragers were the only representatives of the 1 05 th
Ohio, who entered the capital of South Carolina. Its de
struction by fire was a re-enactment of the tragedy of Atlanta :
the suffering and wretchedness of the harmless people being
very great. I will mention one incident. Comrade Weldy of
Company H, asked a fine-looking gentleman before we entered
the burned district, if he had any eggs. ' I'll see,' was his
reply. Returning he said there were 'two dozen in the
house. '
' 'Forgetting our usual mode, Weldy asked the price.
'Fifteen dollars per dozen is what I paid for them. ' 'But how
much in silver?' 'Ten cents sir. ' The trade was soon consum
mated, this being the only instance of payment for supplies
of any sort known to me, while in the state of South Carolina.
"Making a brief halt, for the city was well patrolled, we
returned across the river and resumed our course toward
Alston, reaching there next day. The country was
more rolling and fertile and the foragers got in some
good work while the troops were tearing up the rail
road. At this point we had an exciting time, and
came near being taken in by the enemy's foraging train,
guarded by a regiment and two pieces artillery. We had
. passed over a mill-pond and through a cornfield from which
the ears had been plucked, to the owner's residence on the
highway and were helping ourselves, when one of the boys
in the second story discovered their skirmish line advancing
rapidly. He gave the alarm and we hastily got out of sight
and took cover in the willows along the side of the mill pond
awaiting developments. The enemy evidently were pushed
themselves and gave us no further trouble. This ' was
the first time we had seen the enemy in force since leaving
Savannah. Being nine miles from camp we took a new
route and were soon loaded with plunder.
' 'From Alston via Winnsborough the foragers did well,
there being considerable to work upon. We had also learned
that being wholly or partially clothed in citizens' dress was
helpful in our labors. Most of the able-bodied colored men
had been removed from our line of march ; which we regretted.
"Just before crossing the Watteree, we were again put
on train duty. When all but a part of our division and
wagons' had passed over, the pontoons broke and we were

OUR FORAGERS. 361
delayed over two days. The rain coming down in torrents
made our march to the Pedee River the most disagreeable
and exhausting we had ever encountered, for both men and
animals. We had to make up for lost time, never getting
into camp before midnight, and off again by sunrise. Get
ting to camp, huge fires were built, and while waiting for
coffee we would wade into a brook, wash off the mud, and
dry by standing around the fires. In the day time we did
fairly well ; but after dark it was terrible. But little forag
ing was done that week ; the troops in advance of us cleaned
up and burned most everything of value.
" Crossing near Sneedsboro into North Carolina, our
division went to the front. A new arrangement was made
for foraging. We were ordered to report at the colonel's
quarters about eight o'clock at night. He stated that an
order was issued increasing the number of foragers; to
detail the men permanently and not be changing except for
cause ; run no unnecessary risks, and bring in all the supplies
we could obtain. He thought we would be more efficient if
mounted. He also informed us that Gen. Johnston was con
centrating troops in our front and that great caution would
be necessary. As we were now out of South Carolina the
burning of private buildings should be discontinued. Two
hours afterward, we moved out of camp, passing the cavalry
pickets at midnight. By noon next day, we had collected
animals for most of the detail. At a mill near Rockingham,
N. C. , we procured meal and all we could utilize, feeding our
new mount upon corn. A squad in gray observed our move
ments from a hill; we made no unnecessary delay, but
started home, well loaded. Our camp began to assume a
sort of cavalry appearance.
' ' Starting a little late next morning, we got into the toils
by mixing up with General Baird's staff and attaches. A
stentorian ' Halt! ' huddled us up in some confusion.
Stating our mission we were allowed to pass with the in
junction, ' be out of the way before the troops are in
motion hereafter. '
"His remark that we were the most unique cavalry
outfit in the department, probably was true. A few had
saddles, borrowed from teamsters ; others had blankets, and
some were hare-back. The bridles were of various con
trivances. We did look odd, but we were good.
" This day we entered the belt of timber where turpen
tine and rosin is made. The stills were deserted and near

362 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
them were hundreds of barrels of rosin. From the decayed
condition of the staves, we thought they represented the
product of three or four seasons' labor. We had noticed
several compact columns of black smoke shooting up,
seemingly to the clouds, during the day and surmised it was
burning rosin.
' ' Before leaving camp we learned that a hard march was
expected and were directed to govern our movements accord
ingly. Although we hustled as lively as possible, our
showing of forage was not favorable. Forage squads were
everywhere. We made a wide detour to the right, and
coming back to the line of march found our brigade was far
in advance. It was ten o'clock when we caught up with
them, very tired and sore.
' ' The next two days we had greater success, despite the
heavy rains. During the last day we heard that Hardee
was trying to cut us off at the Cape Fear River, twelve
miles distant.
"The morning of the 10th of February, we started at
daylight; two miles from camp there was a wide, swampy ra
vine, traversed by a winding creek, spanned by three bridges.
The roadway was scarcely ten feet wide, the heavy rains having
swollen the stream until it almost touched the bridges. Just
here, happened one of those unfortunate occurrences that
sometimes befall armies. It was understood we must reach
Fayetteville and try to save the bridge across Cape Fear
river. Just on the bluff, across the ravine were probably 2, 000
barrels of rosin, piled along the road on a grade to the creek,
which some one thoughtlessly set on fire. Twenty rods
further on, was a by-path into which we filed.
" The incidents of the day were a series of surprises and
I will relate them in order. Traversing this path for
two or three miles we came upon a well-beaten road parallel
to the one we had left. We learned that some of Hardee's
troops had preceded us ; this explained the deserted homes
and absence of animals and forage. Meeting with no
resistance, we came to a large house with numerous out
buildings, two miles from Fayetteville. The family, a sick
Confederate soldier, and several blacks were in and around the
house. Corn, poultry and cattle were in sight. The boys
went to work lively; one of the darkies assisted us in the
capture of two turkeys, and said in his vernacular, ' Massa
Hampton's sogers are staying here and went into the woods
ober dar. ' Going to the road he pointed out the place of

OUR FORAGERS. 363
concealment. Looking across a field further to the right
we saw bodies of infantry, artillery and wagons going into
Fayetteville in great haste. Realizing that we were in closer
proximity to Hardee's and Hampton's forces than was
prudent, I enquired the best way to cross over to our troops,
two miles distant. Summoning the boys and giving direc
tions, we moved out in quick time. Loi Percey, our ambu
lance driver, who was in the corn crib said, ' Wait for me. '
Telling the others to go ahead I halted, keeping an eye on
the woods. No sooner were the boys out of sight, than the
cavalry dashed upon us yelling and shooting. A soldier
from another command had his horse shot under him. We
delayed not upon the order of our going. Reaching the
road we left in the morning, I was greatly suprised at not
seeing our troops. Scanning the roadway I noticed the
hoof -prints were all pointed to the rear and looking to the
front across a hollow, saw the Confederates were hastily
constructing rifle pits. In our haste we had taken the
wrong path and came near going into the rebel lines.
1 ' With a certainty of the enemy in front, doubts as to
what was in the rear, and apprehending an attack from the
party that had fired upon us, we started for the rear. It
seemed improbable that our troops had been driven back,
as we heard no cannonading.
' ' What catastrophe had taken place ?
"With a feeling that Andersonville or an unmarked
grave might be our next quarters, we moved on, watchful of
indications of friend or foe. After awhile, we saw an aged
darky by the wayside. Inquiring what troops had passed
by, our anxiety and gloom were changed to brilliant sun
shine by the simple words, " Yankees, Massa. " Thanking
this angel in ebony, we sped on for six or seven miles,
coming to a rail barricade, behind which were a thousand
or more foragers awaiting an attack. Giving the latest
news from the front, we fell in line for an hour, not getting
any satisfaction relative to our troops, we concluded the
brigade must be lost, and went to look them up. Coming
to where the rosin-pile had been in the morning the
situation was explained. It had melted and run into the
creek floating and blazing, burning all the bridges. The
heat was so intense that it was hours before it could be
subdued and the bridges rebuilt. Going into camp we were
greeted with cheers, having been reported captured.
Having but little to show for this day's work, we started

364 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
late in the evening to a mill, gathered corn, ground
four sacks of meal, and returned to camp before daylight.
' ' Our brigade having the lead, we moved upon Fayette
ville, reaching there about noon — the 75th Indiana on the
skirmish line, the 105th supporting it — only to find the
enemy safely over and the bridge on fire. The rosin-fire
was frequently commented upon as causing us to lose a
favorable opportunity to capture or scatter Hardee's forces.
We were discreetly silent as to its cause.
' ' We halted in Fayetteville four days. The cessation of
rains and the bright, shiny weather, together with needed
rest, made this camp the most pleasant I can recall. Here
we wrote letters home, forwarding via Wilmington and
Washington, the first opportunity since leaving Savannah.
Capturing a large bundle of woven socks, ready to be sewed
together, we learned the comparative worth of Confederate
money and greenbacks. The women employed would do
the work for $1.00 per pair in their money, or fifty pairs
for a $1 . 00 in greenbacks.
" Breaking camp the morning of the 15th, the most of
our corps was pushed forward towards Raleigh, while our
division was relegated to guard the trains that proceeded
upon the direct road to Goldsborough. The foragers were
not successful in finding much of value, the rebs having
made a clean sweep. We heard faint echoes of Averys-
borough, and took a hand on the second day at Bentonville.
Two days thereafter we entered Goldsborough, a ragged,
motley crew. Contrasting our appearance with Schofield's
command, before whom we passed in review, it did not
seem possible we had ever come out of the same band-box.
"The next day a few of our forage squad went out north
of the town. We had evidence that the enemy were watch
ful. Two of our soldiers, with the usual dark-red line
around the neck and protruding tongue, were left by the
roadside. We had seen similar ghastly spectacles on three
previous occasions since leaving Columbia, always accom
panied with warnings of like treatment if captured while
foraging — showing the vital importance the supplies were in
carrying on the conflict. Without these same supplies we
could not have made the campaign.
' 'While returning to camp the first fatality to one of our
number occurred. Daniel Rush, of Company B, fell out to
get some fodder for his mule; being in sight of our troops,
no danger was apprehended, the rest going on. Shortly

OUR FORAGERS. 365
afterwards a well-mounted horseman came up behind and
shot him through the body, just a few rods inside the
Twenty-third Corps' camp lines, and was away before those
who witnessed the scene realized what had occurred. He
was cared for and brought to the hospital next morning,
but died two days afterwards.
1 'He was of our most fearless and successful foragers.
It was a sad escort that kept time to the beats of the muf
fled drum. With victory almost achieved, and a widowed
mother eagerly awaiting his return, no wonder the tears were
not withheld as our comrade was lowered to his silent rest
ing place. "Receiving an abundance of rations and clothing at
Goldsboro, our special avocation ended. Most of the Con
federacy was depleted; true, their men were yet in the field,
and braver soldiers were never mustered, but they had not
the supplies to sustain them, therefore, the collapse, which
soon occurred.
"Having all my letters written home on file, descriptive
of army life and doings, I have tried to be accurate in cul
ling the foregoing. I have omitted personalities largely,
practical jokes and laughable incidents, not wishing to ruf
fle the good nature of participants, and will conclude with
an illustration of our efficiency given by a Southern man
years after hostilities ceased.
' 'He said that Sherman's foragers, (he called them 'bum
mers') were so persistent that if he were enclosed in a lane
with the foragers at one end and the devil at the other, he
would rather try conclusions with the latter; for when the
scrimmage was over there would be something left for the
family; but with the former, not a thing."
No one can read the account which Lieutenant Forbis
gives, or recall the allusions in the account given by Com
missary Gibson, without arriving at two conclusions:
That pillage was a frequent and unpunished thing upon
this march before South Carolina was reached, and after
reaching North Carolina.
That the burning of dwellings and farm buildings was
very frequent along the line of march through South Caro
lina. By this is not meant that necessaries for the support
of the army, or which might prove valuable to the enemy,

366 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
were taken or destroyed, but that money, valuables, and per
sonal property belonging to non-combatants along the route
were taken or destroyed, not for the public benefit, but
merely to gratify lawless inclination. There was no show
of effort to repress such tendency, from which the soldiers
naturally inferred that it was endorsed and approved by the
General in command. The remarks of the Colonel to the
foragers of the Thousand, after leaving South Carolina, am
ply sustain the claim that it was by deliberate purpose that
the army was "turned loose" in South Carolina. The or
ders issued upon the subject, by General Sherman, were ap
parently fair enough; but the practice under them was cer
tainly of the very loosest character. In the writer's opinion,
the conduct of our army in this respect cannot be justified
or excused. It was not warfare under the rules which civil
ization imposes on an invading foe, but such pillaging as
characterizes the inroads of undisciplined marauders.
With an army of the character of that which General
Sherman led, this was wholly unnecessary. The fact that
so few crimes of a personal character were committed amply
attests this fact.
If the commander of this army had officially assumed re
sponsibility, by directing houses and barns to be burned
along the line of march through South Carolina and permit
ting his soldiers to take money, silver, books, furniture, and
whatever else they desired in Georgia and North Carolina,
it would have been a military measure, for which he alone
would have been responsible. By seeming to forbid, and
failing to prevent, he left the blame to fall upon the men,
who, without the encouragement of such tacit approval,
would never have dreamed of perpetrating such acts. As a,
consequence, the opprobrium falls upon the soldiers, instead
of resting where it ought, upon the General. It is the only
thing in the history of the war for the Union which is really
regrettable. It occurred, not because the volunteer soldier
was a pillager or "bummer" by inclination, but because he
was made so by a laxity of discipline, which, whether inten-

OUR FORAGERS. 367
tional or unintentional, resulted in putting a slur upon the
fair fame of this army, which it is useless to deny, and folly
to extenuate. The writer has arrived at this conclusion, much
against his will, but fifteen years' residence in the very re
gion through which the army passed, has so familiarized
him with the facts as to make any other course impossible.

XXIX.

THE END OF STRIFE.
HE Thousand had missed the fight
at Benton ville, being on the re
serve, and looked forward with
anticipation to the last great
movement which was expected, to
culminate in a great battle. Al.
ready every one knew that the
beginning of the end had come.
It had long been predicted that
when the Confederacy should finally yield, it would be not
a gradual failure but a collapse, like the breaking of an egg
shell. For almost two years not a victory had crowned
their arms. Yet the territory nominally held by them was
almost the same as in 1861. True, they had lost the half
of Kentucky they then claimed and parts of Tennessee,
Georgia and Mississippi. But of each of these States by
far the larger part was still in their control. All at once
Petersburg and Richmond fell, and within a week came the
surrender of General Lee at Appomattox. This was the 9th
of April. On the 16th the armistice was concluded with
Johnston; on the 26th he surrendered at Greensborough, N.
C. ; Jefferson Davis was a fugitive in the ' ' piney woods " of
Georgia; the Confederacy had crumbled to pieces and the
war was at an end. Never in the world's history was so
large a territory and so great a people so swiftly and so
utterly overthrown.
One of the chief reasons of the sudden downfall was
the wonderful victorious advance of Sherman's Army from
Chattanooga to Atlanta and from Atlanta to Raleigh, North
368

THE END OF STRIFE. 360
Carolina. Hitherto the fighting had all been on the outer
edge of the Confederacy. This produced a false impression.
of its strength and solidarity. Now an army of eighty-
thousand had swept through its very center and Sherman's
Army in North Carolina, became, practically, a prolonga
tion of Grant's left wing. Schofield with the Army of the
Ohio had come around by sea and joining with the force at
New Berne had met Sherman at Goldsborough. Two hundred
thousand men were ready to fall upon the fragments of
Confederate power when Lee broke from the trenches at
Petersburg, in the desperate hope of uniting with Johnston
at Danville, massing before Sherman and retreating through
the Carolinas. But that very movement had been foreseen.
The fiery Sheridan was on his flank and Appomattox saw
the end of the Army of Northern Virginia. With it the
Confederacy fell. The exact extent which the remarkable
movement from Atlanta, Georgia, to Raleigh, North Caro
lina contributed to this result can hardly be overestimated.
The army of Sherman had cut- a path sixty miles wide
through the heart of Georgia to Savannah, destroying all
north and south connections, cotton, forage, bacon, corn,
cattle, hogs, sheep, poultry, meal and, in general, all sup
plies. From Savannah to Goldsborough, North Carolina, the
army occupied an average width of forty miles, and through
the State of South Carolina the destruction was even more
complete. It compelled the surrender of Savannah, Charles
ton, Wilmington and the abandonment of seven hundred
miles of seacoast, thus putting an end to blockade running,
on which the Confederacy depended for so large a portion
of its military supplies. Yet, as General Sherman well
stated in his report, after enumerating all these things r
"The real object of this march was to place this army in a
position easy of supply, whence it could take an appropriate
part in the spring and summer campaigns of 1865. This
was completely accomplished on the 21st of March by the
junction of the three armies and the occupation of Golds
borough, North Carolina."

370 THE 8T0RY OF A THOUSAND.
By the " three. armies " in this report General Sher
man alluded to the re-organization of his army which was
effected with the lightning-like rapidity which characterized
all his mental processes, as soon as he reached Goldsborough .
The right wing, still under General Slocum, was designated
the Army of Georgia; the left wing retained its original
designation of the Army of the Tennessee, still commanded
by General Howard; while the center, General Schofield's
command, composed of the Tenth and Twenty-third Army
Corps, was designated the Army of the Ohio. This was the
organization adopted for the brief and bloodless campaign
which followed. The Thousand retained the same brigade
and division relations as heretofore.
In speaking of the difficulties of this great strategic
march, and the character of the army making it, General
.Sherman says :
' ' I beg to express in the most emphatic manner my
entire satisfaction with the tone and temper of the whole
;army. Nothing seems ta dampen their energy, zeal, or
•cheerfulness. It is impossible to conceive a march involv
ing more labor and exposure, yet I cannot recall an instance
¦of bad temper by the way, or hearing an expression of doubt
as to our perfect success in the end. I believe that this
cheerfulness and harmony of action reflects upon all con
cerned quite as much real honor and fame as ' battles
gained ' or ' cities won,' and I therefore commend all, gen
erals, staff, officers and enlisted men, for these high quali
ties, in addition to the more soldierly ones of obedience to
orders and the alacrity they have always maintained when
danger summoned them ' to the front. ' ' '
So the three great armies lay about the sleepy little
city of Goldsborough, busy with the work of replenishing
the clothing and equipment which the toilsome march from
Savannah had outworn, while the restless brain of their
commander evolved the details of the next swift-coming
movement. General Grant once told the writer that in
almost every consultation he had with M r. Lincoln in which

THE EN& QF STRIFE.

371

maps were referred to, the President^ finger would wander
down to the region between the Roanoke and Cape Fear
rivers, in North Carolina, and he would say: "Somehow I
think the matter will be ended about here. " And there it
was to be ended. The three armies at Goldsborough were in
perfect condition. Almost three years of continuous march
ing, with every now and then a fight, had hardened their
muscles and given self-reliance and invincible courage and
determination. As an army they could probably endure
more hardship, march farther in less time, pursue an enemy
 more relentlessly and

'\i

guard against one more
cautiously, endure defeat
with more patience and
improve victory with as
, much celerity as any
army ever assembled.
They were the very men
to undertake the pur.
suit which it was ex
pected would have to be
made of the disorganized
forces of the Confeder
acy, when Grant should
give the word and Sheri
dan should break the
leash, and swing around
the left of Lee, cutting
off his line of supply and making the fall of Peters
burg and Richmond a necessity. It was intended that
the two armies should move at the same time, but the
contingencies of transportation made it a week later before

Corp. W. K. Mead.

William K. Mead was born in Mahoning County, September 15, 1835 ;
enlisted August 1, 1862; was captured at the battle of Perryville; was ex
changed and joined the regiment at Murfreesborough, Tenn., in the spring of
1863; was continuously -with it until mustered out at the close of the war.
Lived in Indiana until 1883; then went to Scranton,. Miss., and engaged in a
lumber business

372 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
Sherman's ragged veterans were all shod and clothed and
he was ready to take his part in the last play of the great
game of war which had begun four years before. He
counted on the wonderful marching powers of his men,
trained by the long journeys they had made from the banks
of the Mississippi and Ohio, to make up for the delay. In
the meantime, the spring had come; the orchards were in
bloom; the oaks were covered with the tender sheen of
young leafage. The weather had been good for some time,
but at the last moment the late spring rains began to fall
and the red-clay roads were soon slippery quagmires. It
would not do to delay, however, and as soon as the clothing
was distributed and the reorganization complete, we were
on the march in the closing campaign.
On the 10th of April, 1865, the movement was begun
which was to blot the Southern Confederacy from exist
ence in so short a time, and with so little bloodshed, that its
importance has been almost lost sight of, Johnston's sur
render being ordinarily esteemed an inevitable result of the
fall of Richmond and the dispersion of Lee's army. In a
sense, this is true, but such a result might at least have
been long deferred had it not been for the magnificent army
which on this day started on the great turning movement its
commander had projected, the object of which he had
defined in orders to his subordinates, as follows :
' ' The next grand objective is to place this army, with
its full equipment, north of the Roanoke River, facing west,
with a base of supplies at Norfolk and at Wynton or
Murfreesborough, on the Chowan, and in full communica
tion with the Army of the Potomac, about Petersburg, and
also to do the enemy as much harm as possible en route."
The plan of the movement was briefly stated as follows :
"The left wing, Major-General Slocum commanding, .
will aim straight for the railway bridge near Smithfield,
thence along up the Neuse River to the railway bridge oyer
Neuse River, northeast of Raleigh (Powell's), thence to
Warrenton, the general point of concentration. The center,
Major-General Schofield commanding, will move to Whit
ley's Mill, ready to support the left until it is past Smith-

THE END OF STRIFE. 373
field, when it will follow up, substantially, Little River to
Rolesville, ready at all times to march to the support of the
left, after passing Tar River, en route to Warrenton.
' ' The right wing, Major-General Howard commanding,
preceded by the cavalry, will move rapidly on Pikeville and
Folk's Bridge, ready to make a junction with the other
armies in case the enemy offers battle this side of Neuse
River about Smithfield, thence, in case of no serious oppo
sition on the left, will work up towards Earpsborough,
Andrews' Bridge and Warrenton.
"Major-General Schofield will hold, as heretofore,
Wilmington, with the bridge across North Branch as an out
post, New Bern and Kinston as its outpost, and will be pre
pared to hold Wynton and Murfreesborough as soon as the
time arrives for that move. The navy has instructions
from Admiral Porter to co-operate, and any commanding
officer is authorized to call on the navy for assistance and
co-operation, always in writing, setting forth the reasons —
of which, of necessity, the naval commander is the judge."
The Thousand was with the left wing, which was
ordered to ' ' aim straight for the railroad bridge near Smith-
field. " We reached the point designated on the twelfth.
The bridge was inflames. But even as we halted, the roar of
thousands shouting in triumph fell upon our ears, and a
staff-officer dashed by us, waving a dispatch, his face aflame
with excitement, hoarsely screaming, over and over, the
words: " Lee has surrendered! " "Lee has surrendered!"
A whirlwind of Yankee cheers followed his course until the
pine woods echoed as they had never done before with the
glad acclaim of tens of thousands!
Men huzzahed, laughed, and, perhaps wept, in the
delirium of that moment. From end to end of the blue-
clad columns went up waves of exultant shouts, which
swelled and died away only to break out afresh far into the
murky spring 'night that followed. We knew it was the
beginning of the end, and pushed forward lest the enemy in
our front should escape without a blow. On the next day,
Raleigh, the capital of North Carolina, surrendered. The
Third Division pressed on to Holly Springs in pursuit of
the enemy. On the 15th we were halted by orders from the

374

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

General commanding. The enemy had proposed an armis
tice. It is not strange that the victorious General in his
eagerness to conclude the struggle exceeded his powers and
provisionally accepted a political convention rather than a
military capitulation. On the 18th the woeful news was
received of the assassination of President Lincoln. It is
hardly possible to imagine now what a gloom it cast over
the triumphant army. More than any man in our history,
he was everybody's ideal neighbor — everyday companion
and friend. To the soldiers he was an especially vivid,
unique and kindly per
sonality. No one doubt
ed his patriotism, sin
cerity, self-devotion or
kindliness. Great lead
ers were admired and
loved ; Lincoln was re
garded with a sort of
worship. Everyone felt
as if he had lost the
dearest of all friends.
There was a hush over
all the army as the flags
were draped, and anger
burned hot against the
Confederates, whom all
then believed to be re
sponsible for this atrocity
At the same time, news came of the disapproval of
the terms made by Sherman with the enemy; that Grant
was coming to take command and that General Halleck had
been sent to take the lead of the forces in Virginia on a swift
march into North Carolina to attack the enemy in spite of
Michael E.. Hess was born in South Columbia, Herkimer County, N. Y.,
September 25, 1826, being descended from one of the Palatinates, who came
from Germany in 1710. and settled on the banks of the Mohawk River. His
grandfather served through the Revolutionary War, — his father in the War
of 1812, — and it was but natural that he should be inclined to follow their
example when his country needed his services, and early in August, 1862, he
enlisted in Company B of the 105th, and was made a Corporal. After an attack

Corp. Michael E. Hess.

THE END OF STRIFE. 375
the armistice. This awoke deep feeling. There was talk of
conflict between the soldiers of the two Union armies. There
need have been no apprehension. Those who remembered how
Halleck moved when in command of the great army before
Corinth, should have known that there was no fear of his
troubling Johnston's forces until long after the ten days'
armistice had expired. But Grant came in a day or two,
unconscious, as ever, not taking over the command but
counselling his lieutenant; keeping himself carefully in the
background; so that on the 26th, when the armistice expired,
it was General Sherman, and not his superior, who received
the surrender of General Johnston and his army.
With the shouts of victory were united yearnings
for home. The citizen-soldiers of the Union had
done their work — accomplished the task which they
went forth to do — and nothing now could restrain
their eagerness to return to peaceful life. Their
leaders and the government they served were in full
accord with their sentiments. Almost for the first time in
history, an army was ready to disband and its leaders eager
to promote its dissolution, in the very moment of victory.
No time was lost. The surrender was consummated
on the 26th of April; on the 27th it was announced in
General Orders; on the same day the order given below
was issued, providing for the speedy dispersion of the
greater part of the army.
"Headquarters Military Division op the South,
Near Raleigh, N. C, April 27, 1865.
"SPECIAL FIELD ORDERS NO. 66:
"Hostilities having ceased, the following changes and
disposition of the troops in the field will be made with as
little delay as practicable :
of typhoid fever at the time his regiment was fighting the battle of Stone
River, his health was so impaired that he was obliged to accept his discharge.
At the re-organization of the Militia when Morgan made his raid into Ohio, he
was commissioned a Major by Governor Tod. He has filled many town offices
-with great credit, and was one of the original incorporators of the Sunday
School Association which grew into the, world -wide Chautauqua Assembly
He now resides at Knox, Pa.

}

376 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
"I. — The Tenth and Twenty- third Corps will remain
in the Department of North Carolina, and Major-General J.
M. Schofield will transfer back to Major-General Gillmore,
•commanding Department of the South, the two brigades
formerly belonging to the division of Brevet Major-General
¦Grover at Savannah. The Division Cavalry Corps, Brevet
Major-General Kilpatrick commanding, is hereby transferred
to the Department of North Carolina, and General Kil
patrick will report in person to Major-General Schofield
for orders. "II. — The cavalry command of Major-General Stone-
man will return to East Tennessee, and that of Brevet
Major-General J. H. Wilson will be conducted back to the
Tennessee River, in the neighborhood of Decatur, Alabama.
"III. — Major-General Howard will conduct the Army
of the Tennessee to Richmond, Virginia, following roads
substantially by Lewisburg, Warrenton, Lawrenceville and
Petersburg, or to the right of that line. Major-General
Slocum will conduct the Army of Georgia to Richmond, bv
roads to the left of the one indicated for General Howard,
viz. : by Oxford, Boydton and Nottoway Courthouse. These
armies will turn in at this point the contents. of their ord
nance trains, and use the wagons for extra forage and
provisions. These columns will be conducted slowly and
in the best of order, and aim to be at Richmond ready to
resume the march by the middle of May.
"IV. — The Chief Quartermaster and Commissary of
the military division, Generals Easton and Beckwith, after
making proper disposition of their departments here, will
proceed to Richmond and make suitable preparations to
receive those columns, and to provide them for the further
journey." It will be observed that the General Commanding did
not designate this as a march; it was a " journey "; the
Generals were to "conduct" slowly and leisurely this
three-hundred mile march to the capital of the Nation.
This was the General's idea; the soldiers had other notions.

XXX.

the homestretch. HE Thousand lay in camp at
Holly Springs, N. C, when the
order for the northward march
was received on the 28th of
April, 1865. Every one was
eager for the start. During the
day it was learned that the
Twentieth Corps, having the
roads at our right, would have
& little less distance to march, and were expected to reach
Richmond in advance of us. This fact at once awakened the
-old rivalry between the Eastern and Western troops in the
Army of the Cumberland. The Twentieth Corps was com
posed of troops originally from the Army of the Potomac ;
the Fourteenth Corps had been at the West from the begin
ning, and were all Western troops. Maps were consulted,
and it was found that the roads the two corps were to pur
sue united in one, about two days' march north of the
southern line of Virginia. At once the soldiers of the Four
teenth Corps, who had always boasted of superior marching
powers, determined to reach this point in advance of the
Twentieth. Inspired by this and the irrepressible desire to
xeach their homes at the earliest possible moment, they
made the march to Richmond one of the most furious in
their whole term Of service. The weather was hot ; the
roads in splendid condition. From the very first the men
pressed the pace, so that the place for the morning halt was
leached long bef Ore- the time for it. The men were clamor-
-°— ^ ; 377

378 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
ous to go on. "Change horses, and go ahead!" they
shouted to their officers. The halt was shortened, and the
march resumed, in deference to the universal clamor. Those
in command thought the eagerness of their men would soon
subside. When the column halted, with the sun still an
hour high, the Fourteenth Corps had made almost twice the
distance designated for the first day's march — nearly thirty
miles. The next day they marched twenty-five miles; on
the next over twenty, reaching the junction of the roads
and getting ahead of the Twentieth Corps. Yet, their
ardor did not abate. The heat was very oppressive. De
spite the fact that they were veterans, the ambulances were
crowded with foot-sore men — yet the others pressed on, up
through the fertile regions of Southern Virginia, where to
bacco and corn took the place of cotton-fields, through which
they had marched so long, and great, long-armed oaks
shaded the road, instead of the soughing pines of Georgia
and the Carolinas. The sands and the swamps were gone,
too — rolling hills, sparkling rivers, and smooth red-clay
roads, not yet grown very dusty, took their places. How
the men laughed and cheered each other on! How the
country people stared at the rollicking blue-coats ! They
crossed the Roanoke River, the forks of the Meherrin, the
Nottoway, the Appomattox! On the day they crossed this
historic stream the Thousand marched twenty-seven miles
and lost four men from sunstroke! This, not in obedience
to orders, but because the war was over, and they were go
ing home! How could they take a funeral gait under such
circumstances? All the time the air was full of jests and
quips. Years afterwards, the people living along the line
of march told of the universal jollity. Many a time has the
writer listened to the story in the farm-houses of Virginia.
The Northern soldier, even in the most serious emergencies,
was much given to humor as a few instances will show.
While in camp at Fayetteville, a detail of the Thou
sand was ordered out, after dark, one rainy night. One of
them remarked with the utmost complacency, that he was

THE HOMESTRETCH. 370
"glad he had got hold of a bottle a little while before."
He turned it up ; there was a gurgling sound. It was sug
gested that he pass it on. He did so — and, as it went
down the line, each in turn sampled the contents. The
next morning every face, but his, was black and smudged.
The bottle had contained ink, and no one had made any
exclamation, from fear that the joke upon the next one
in the line would be lost.
Even better than this was the joke played upon a
Fayetteville paper, while Colonel Perkins was Provost-
Marshal of the city and the Thousand were detailed as
guards. Some printers found a form of the Eagle printed
on one side. The impression was on wall-paper, but its
language was fierce and truculent as if Sherman had been
a thousand miles away. It even suggested that he was
"lost in the swamps." The boys turned the sheets over
and struck off a thoroughly " loyal " impression, full of fun
and reliable news on the other side !
After the battle of Hoover's Gap, the Thousand biv
ouacked in the woods, where the fight had been going on.
It rained steadily. One of them in lying down found that.
the man next him had fallen asleep with no blanket over
him. After shaking and scolding him, he finally threw a
part of his own blanket over him and went to sleep. On
waking up the next morning he found it was a Confederate
who had been killed during the night. His comrades were
inclined to banter him, but, looking at the dead man, he ex
claimed, with perfect seriousness: "Well, I'll be blamed,
if that isn't about the coldest bed-fellow I ever had! "
The irrepressible Eaton, of Company G, was topping
out a chimney with a small campkettle, from which the bot
tom had been removed, at the most pinching time of
the siege of Chattanooga, when a- general officer rode by and
said to him: " My man, don't you know that if you put
that kettle on the top of your chimney it will not draw?"
"Draw?" said Eaton, as he saluted with his muddy
hand. " You don't know that chimney as well as we do,

580

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

¦General. We boys were just now talking about taking it
down to the Commissary to see if it wouldn't draw rations !"
The spirit of fun was rampant on this last inarch — the
whole army was like a host of boys just out of school. On
the eighth day they were in camp, three miles south of
Richmond, Va. In that time they had marched two hun
dred and five milesl
They arrived ten days sooner than was expected. The
rations which had been ordered to meet them had not yet
arrived. It became necessary to borrow supplies for them
from the troops stationed about Richmond. The men were
badly used up by this furious march, but they still clamored
to goon. On the 11th
of May, three days be
fore they were expected
to arrive at Richmond,
they were on the march"
for Washington. The
first day on this trip
they made twenty-two
miles. In eight days
they had passed over
the historic battlefields ;
had crossed the Rapi-
dan at Raccodon Ford,
and Rappahannock at
Kelly's Ford; had pass
ed Manassas Junction,
crossed Bull Run, and
mar ched through
Uentreville to Alexandria. Four years before, lacking a few
days, the writer passed over the same road, going the other
way to the first great battle of the war.
Three days only they lay in camp. Then came the
GRAND REVIEW, the most notable spectacle ever wit
nessed on this continent — the most notable that is likely to
¦occur for a century to come. Three hundred thousand

'The Honorary Secretary.'

THE HOMESTRETCH. 381
veterans, fresh from the scenes of strife, went streaming past
the reviewing stands, crowded with generals, under whose
eyes they had fought, and dignitaries, who wondered at them
as they passed. They cared little for these. War had
dulled their curiosity. They knew their generals, and loved
them. Grant and Sheridan were as much their own as those who
had made the Great March with them. Only one was ab
sent — Thomas, the revered leader of the Fourteenth Corps
from its first organization until it was taken from him,.
when he was sent back after Atlanta had fallen. Yes,
there was one other — one whom every soldier had dreamed
of seeing in the hour of final victory. The thought of the
martyred President obtruded itself in every mind. The
fact that he would not enjoy their triumph robbed it of no
little of its sweetness. But their eyes seanned most .eagerly
the surging crowds upon the sidewalks, seeking ever some
familiar face, some loved eye. ' Less than one-fifth of the
Thousand had enjoyed respite or furlough during their en
tire term of service of almost three years. No wonder they
were homesick. Thousands of the best soldiers of the
great armies deserted at the last moment, that they might
behold their loved ones even a day sooner than they otherwise
would. Sherman's army, with its long, swinging stride and
curious array of foragers, was certainly a unique element of
this wonderful national pageant. As it passed the review
ing stand, "Uncle Billy" Sherman himself draped the colors
with a wreath of flowers — and there were many bronzed
cheeks down which the tears flowed as he bade them good
bye. Great, generous, impulsive, warm-hearted, alert, and
restless leader of a great and glorious army! His memory
brightens with the years — -and theirs were filled with loving
admiration as they looked back at what intervened between
that final review and the May morning two years before,
when, for the first time, they advanced under his command
and drove in the pickets before Resaca! Two wonderful
year* they had been, without a single backward step taken

382

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

- . ¦*;"-'-"^.'^

Monument or the 105th O. V. I.
Erected on the Battlefield of Chickamauga, by the State of Ohio.

THE HOMESTRETCH. 383
before an eiremy. Only when in pursuit of Hood kw»d they
turned back the way they had come, even for a single
rod., On the next day came the march across the Long
Bridge to a camp on the outskirts of Washington. For the
first time since it crossed the Ohio, on the day after it was
mustered in, the Thousand encamped on ground which had
never been in possession of the Confederacy. Seven days
more — making out muster-rolls and reports which had been
sadly neglected in their long march. On the thirtieth of
May came the farewell address of General Sherman.* On
the second of June all was complete, and they were mustered
out. On the next day they took the cars for home, via
Baltimore and Pittsburg; reached Pittsburg at eleven o'clock
at night, but found a bountiful repast awaiting them; arrived
in Cleveland at ten o'clock on the fifth; marched to the old
barracks; had a grand reception; listened to speeches from
Governor David Tod, to whose call they had been the first
to respond, and other notables ; turned over ordnance ; were
paid off, and on the eighth of June, 1865, after two years,
nine months, and eighteen days of service — after a farewell
address from Colonel Perkins, no longer young and shy, but
grave and masterful — the Thousand was disbanded, shook
hands in farewell, and departed for their several homes —
not, indeed, a thousand, but three hundred and fifty-five
war-worn veterans.
And the others? Two hundred and twenty-seven lay
buried, here and there, along the devious track they had
pursued, from Cincinnati to Washington. Two hundred
and twenty-seven more had been lost by resignation or
discharge — almost every one for wounds or disability. One
hundred and sixty-three had been transferred to other com
mands. Thirty-eight were mustered out elsewhere, being
absent from the regiment on detached service or in hos
pitals. Thirty-six were "absent without leave," mostly
deserters. * See Appendix.

384 THE STORY OF A THO USAND.
Of the whole number, two hundred and fifty-nine had ¦
been wounded in action, a.nd one hundred and eighty-two
had been prisoners of war. It brought back its colors, shot
to shreds, but never once touched by the hands of an enemy,
and deposited them in the capital of the State, one of the
many muniments there gathered which attest the courage and
steadfastness of her sons in the time of the nation's-
peril.

XXXI.
RELIGIOUS CHARACTER.
F the Thousand, as of a large
number of the Federal regiments
raised in the country portions of
the North, it may be said that it
was not only composed of intelli
gent men, but had a fair propor
tion of church members among
its rank and file. From the best
information now available, it is
believed that about 28 per cent, of its number were mem
bers of some church when they entered the service, and that
about 80 per cent, of the survivors have since become such.
We had during our term of service two chaplains, who were
on duty with the regiment, taking all the time of both, just
three months and three weeks; though they held their com
missions as such for more than two years' service. One
of them was on duty at the hospitals of Chattanooga during
a portion of that time. Because of the brief time they
spent in actual service with the Thousand, it has not been
thought necessary to give any particular account of them
or their work. Neither was with the regiment long enough
to make any serious impression on its life or the religious
character of officers or men.
Temperate, orderly, and well disciplined as it was, the
Thousand could lay little claim to being a religious regiment.
Of the officers, only three or four, it is believed, were
church members; and it must be admitted that even these
few were by no means notable for their christian profession.
Except Captain Bowers, of Company K, none of the
385

386 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
original officers made any special effort to organize, keep
alive, or improve the religious sentiment of the rank
and file. The others were not what would be called
irreligious. There was little profanity among them, though
most of them were capable of a reasonable amount on an
occasion calling for especial vigor of expression. There
was very little intoxication, though most of them drank a
little now and then. Except on one or two occasions, when
there was some especially good news and little prospect of
active service, there were, perhaps, but one or two who ever
showed signs of intoxication, though it is said that on one
occasion there was but one captain and one lieutenant pres
ent with the regiment who were quite fit for duty as officer
of the day and officer of the guard. But news of Vicksburg
and Gettysburg coming on one day was a serious strain on
the abstemiousness of any Union soldier! It is but fair to
admit, however, that the religious element of the Thousand
owed little to its officers; though they offered no hindrance
beyond mere indifference.
On the other hand, too much praise cannot be accorded
a score or so of enlisted men, mostly non-commissioned offi
cers, who, from first to last, never failed to bear testimony
to the faith they professed. A few of them were to be
found in each company, and their influence was in all re
spects most salutary. A number of them have since be
come ministers of various denominations. Several of them
were killed or died of wounds. The only one available to
give a reliable account of their work is Sergeant Forbis, of
Company B, afterwards promoted to lieutenant. As in the
last chapter he gave an account of the foragers of the regi
ment, in this we will allow him to tell the story of its pray
ing circle. The writer takes this occasion to express his
profound gratitude, as a member of the regiment, that the
¦commander of its foragers was also the leader of its prayer-
meeting :
The religious element of the 105th was not well organ
ized at the formation of the regiment, in consequence of the
hasty departure for the front. There were representatives

RELIGIOUS CHARACTER.

387

from the Baptist, Presbyterian, Disciple, Methodist, and
other churches among its members. The first service held
in the regiment was a prayer-meeting at the last camp occu
pied in Louisville, Kj . (It is probable that there may have
been a few Catholics, but Lieut. Forbis makes no mention
of the fact, and none of the survivors have reported them
selves as such.)
The following Sabbath, the largest delegation of church
members ever assembled in the regiment went into Louis
ville for worship. At this time, but one death had occurred
in the regiment.
The pursuit of
Bragg's army began
October 1st. On the
8th, the disaster that
befell the 105th at
P e r r y v i 1 1 e was a
severe blow. The
fearful loss in the
regiment told with
especial force in our
band of members.
The evening after the
battle, Captain Bow
ers, a noble Christian
officer, called his
company around him,
and having explained
the object of the
meeting, they sang a
hymn that attracted
the attent ion and
¦ presence of a large
Lieut. Charles A. Brigden. part 0f tne regiment.
The prayer he offered was fervent and appropriate, with fifty
dead lying upon the battlefield and over two hundred
wounded, many of them in the agonies of death. The im-

Charles A. Bbigdbn was born in New Haven, Conn., February 21, 1817
He helped recruit Company I of the 105th, and was made First Lieutenant of
that company. He had at that time three sons in the service, and another one
enlisted a few months later. He was wounded at the battle of Perryville and
resigned on account of ill health January 1, 1863. He was afterwards elected
Auditor of Trumbull County and served two terms. He died at Warren, Ohio,
September 29, 1887. He was a member of the Bell-Harmon Post, and was
highly esteemed by his comrades and all who were acquainted with his life
and character.

388 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND
pressiveness of that service will not soon be forgotten. If
the title of chaplain had been conferred upon the Captain,
it would have been hailed with delight by all present; he
was capable, having been a minister previous to his enlist
ment, and would have influenced the regiment for good.
Moving over the field the following day, where our dead
still lay, was an object-sermon indelibly stamped upon our
memories. Two miles beyond, we halted, when a detail was
sent back to bury them.
After fourteen days of severe marching, our brigade,
which had in the meantime been detached, arrived in Mun
fordville, Ky.. in a snowstorm. A summary of morning
reports showed three hundred for duty; one hundred and
thirty sick in camp. Since the first of October we had had
no tents; some were without blankets, and the most of the
overcoats had been discarded on the retreat to Louisville.
The exposure was depleting the ranks very rapidly ; for two
days we had quarters in the depot, when the bell-tents were
brought up, and a camp in regulation style established.
The second week here, our Chaplain, Rev. Aaron Van
Nostrand, joined the command and was assigned to a tent
with Quartermaster Wright. The following Sabbath the
regiment was formed on three sides of a square, and paid
marked attention to his discourse. As the Chaplain was
past middle life, and not able to withstand the exposure of
camp life, we assembled in front of his tent for next Sab
bath's service. Preaching at 10 a. m. was announced a
week later, but at that hour he was not in condition to offi
ciate. He returned to Ohio, and died at his home in Paines-
ville, February 27th, 1863.
We left this camp November 30th, and were constantly on
the move until we joined the Army of the Cumberland in Mur-
freesboro, Tenn., in January, 1863. March 22d, the brigade
turned out for funeral services, by the Chaplain of the 123d
Illinois, on account of the killed at Milton. Prayer-meetings
were held weekly, whenever the members were off duty; Com
rade Knight, of Company I, taking a prominent part.
May 10th, a representative of the Christian Commis
sion preached for us in the regiment. After the sermon, it
was proposed that a Young Men's Christian Association be
organized, when forty were enrolled ; prayer and praise
meetings to be held Wednesday and Saturday evenings, for
the greater convenience of members, and preaching on Sun-
ing, when we could get any one to officiate.

RELIGIOUS CHARACTER. 389
When we moved to Boiling Spring, three miles out, we
prepared a place for meetings in the grove — logs were rolled
into convenient shape for seats. In addition to other exercises
on Sunday, a large number met at 2 o'clock for Bible study.
May was a delightful month, and was improved to the
utmost; constant drilling and numerous inspections had
brought the regiment to the highest perfection yet attained,
and this happy feeling was reflected and expressed in our
religious association; there was great development in Chris
tian character and influence.
The abatement of card-playing and profanity was quite
noticeable. The ministration of a chaplain, such as the 9th
Kentucky had, would have given a wonderful impetus to
the moral activity of the regiment. We will refer again to
the morning reports, showing the status at that time: Six
hundred present for duty; ten only in camp hospital.
On June 24th, 1863, we gave up these pleasant sur
roundings to participate in the Tullahoma campaign. Meet
ings for prayer, by the Association, were held whenever
practical. When the enemy was driven beyond the Cum
berland Mountains, we established a camp soon after cross
ing Elk River. The campaign had not been severely con
tested, but the discomfort from almost constant rains, from
the day we started until crossing the river in July, was very
exhausting. Comrade Manasses Miller, of Company H,
preached his initial sermon, taking for his text the word
"Watch." We were greatly edified and pleased at the
ability with which he developed his subject; we anticipated
much in the future, but our brother s modesty was a bar to
his continuance; he has since become a successful minister.
July 26th, we advanced to the foothills of the moun
tains, and halted in a beautiful location, and were fitting up
in grand shape when ordered to hold ourselves in readiness
to march at a moment's notice — we had an exceedingly
pleasant and profitable meeting the second evening here.
From this time until we crossed the Tennessee, at Shell
Mound, all services were regular and well attended. At
University Place, a resident Baptist minister preached for
us the first Sabbath. Bro. Knight on the succeeding one
was giving us an excellent exhortation, when a violent storm
came on — our temple, a chestnut tree, bsing no protection
against the elements, a sharp run to the tents terminated
the exercises. The Commission gave us, while here, a supply
of hymn books and six hundred papers for distribution that
were highly appreciated.

390

THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.

Before entering Chattanooga, we passed through a try
ing ordeal at Chickamauga, where many of our members were
left in the hills and valleys, shrouded by the dense thickets
— some who gave up their lives had been constant attend
ants at our religious services. It was a comfort to know
that they were faithful soldiers of the Master, and brave de
fenders of the flag. In Chattanooga , we attended church in the
city, conducted by army chaplains. When the enemy were
driven from Lookout and Missionary Ridge, the latter part
of November, we had a
few months of compara
tive rest.
While the Army of
the Cumber land was
located at Ringgold, Ga. ,
there was considerable
religious activity in the
regiment. Comrade S .
B. Torrey, of Company
G, was appointed leader.
The interest increasing,
the Christian Com
mission and chaplains
began a series of meet
ings at the frame church .
The revival spread to
many of the regiment;
the eagerness of seekers
appealed to the hearts
of Christian workers ;
officers — with stars,
eagles, and bars — preachers, and enlisted men all praying
and striving to lead them to the Saviour. It was a glorious
work, hundreds were happily converted, and their lives
attested the sincerity of their professions.
Our future Chaplain, A. D. Morton, was laboring in
these meetings; he was invited to preach for us in the regi
ment; a petition being circulated, it was endorsed by the
officers, and a commission was obtained for him. Having
to return to Ohio, he did not join us until we occupied At
lanta. Meetings for prayer were quite regular and well

Corp. John McNaughton.

John McNatjghton enlisted as a private in Co. E., August 12, 1862, at the
age of eighteen. Was appointed corporal September 4, 1864. Mustered out
with regiment June 3, 1865. His home is now at Evansboro, Ills.

RELIGIOUS CHARACTER. 391
attended during this campaign. One evening, at Utoy
Creek, we met in a little grove about one hundred yards in
rear of the works. While in session, the enemy began a
spirited artillery fire. The shots in passing cut branches
from the trees, dropping some in our midst. As soon as
the fearful shriek and missile passed by, the prayer would
be continued. These meetings were a source of great en
joyment during that arduous campaign — the spirit of the
Lord was with us to comfort and sustain.
Entering Atlanta, September 8th, we camped in a grove ;
policed and arranged comfortable quarters ; then prepared a
large, circular space, partially covered with brush, and were
ready for services when Chaplain Morton arrived.
Under the leadership of Lieutenant Allen and Sergeant
Stewart, a choir of sixty had been practicing an hour a
day. The first sermon in four months was delivered in a
drizzling rain, in front of the Colonel's quarters. Bible
readings and other means of grace were held at the bush
tent. We expected a good rest; the relief from constant
firing and attendant annoyances was greatly appreciated.
We planned for enjoyment, but Sherman said Hood must
be looked after, and we obligingly accompanied him back to
Gaylesville, Ala. ; then moved on to our railway line of
transportation at Kingston, when the sick, our Chaplain be
ing of that number, were sent to Chattanooga.
The succeeding thirty-nine days were of ceaseless ac
tivity. Reaching Savannah, we reorganized our Christian
Association by including the workers of the 101st and 87th
Indiana Regiments. Our temple was a small grove of pines ;
the evenings being cool, the services were preceded by build
ing a fire. The attendance was increased by the colored
brethren; their quaint ways of illustrating by allusions to
Lincoln, Sherman, and his soldiers, as their deliverers, were
amusing and instructive. Two consecutive Sabbaths we
attended services in the city, by resident ministers; the
music was grand; they gave us a cordial welcome and an
invitation to come again.
After leaving the city, the next two months were spent
in traversing the swamps of the Carolinas ; with the excep
tion of a brief halt at Fayetteville, we had no rest until we
entered Goldsborough, N. C. The eighth day of April, the
Chaplain came to us, and next day delivered an excellent
discourse to an attentive audience; the prayer meeting in
the evening was of great interest. On the 10th we began

392 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
our last campaign against the foe, by way of Smithfield to
Jones' Crossroads, fourteen miles from Raleigh. The 23d,
the Chaplain preached to the brigade; his eulogy of the
martyred President was very impressive. The following-
Thursday evening prayer and praise meeting was a glad
and happy one — Johnston had surrendered the previous day.
That grand old doxology, ' ' Praise God from whom all
blessings flow," gave the most expressive exposition of that
occasion. This was the last religious meeting of a general
character held in the field — three days afterward we were
"Homeward Bound."

XXXII.

Capt. Braden.

THIRTY-YEARS AFTER.
[THE Thousand has melted back into the
life from which it went forth at the bid
ding of the country. Its record in peace
has been as honorable as it was in war.
Scarcely a life has been of a character to
bring a blush to the cheeks of his com
rades. Now, as when it was organized,
farmers greatly predominate in the ranks
of the survivors. There are mechanics,
clerks, business men, a half-dozen law
yers, half a score of clergymen, five phy
sicians, four bank presidents, two publishers, three or four
editors ; two who have been judges of state circuit courts ; two
State Senators; one who has been a member of two Constitu
tional Conventions ; two representatives in state legislatures ;
three have been judges of probate ; two have been sheriffs;
three county treasurers ; two county auditors ; three county
surveyors; more than one-half the residue, town trustees,
school directors or other local offices ; and almost all have filled
positions of trust and honor, in their respective neighbor
hoods, in churches, societies and business, which show the
esteem in which they are held by their fellows. Nearly all
of them are members of the Grand Army of the Republic;
and one is the Commander-in-chief of its largest depart
ment, Pennsylvania. Most of the officers belong to the
different commanderies of the Legion of Honor. They are
scattered in twenty-seven states, everywhere attesting by
enterprise, probity and character, the great truth that the
393

394 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
man who volunteers to serve his country in her hour of
need makes a better rather than a worse citizen because of
such service.
Its regimental association was organized in 1875 and
meets each year, on the anniversary week of the battle 'of
Perryville, (Oct. 8) in one of the counties from which the
regiment was drawn. The secretary of the Association
from the first has been Comrade M. L. Maynard, of Char-
don, Geauga County, Ohio, to whose indefatigable exertion

Twenty Years After.
has been due much of its success. The permanent pres
ident is Col. Geo. T. Perkins, of Akron, Ohio. The
daughter of Comrade Maynard, Miss Mattie Maynard has
been its Honorary Secretary for many years and if not the

The above picture is from a photograph of the color-guard and colors of
the 105th, taken in 1882. The colors are among the most tattered of the three
hundred and more battle-flags which the State of Ohio cherishes with pride
and care in the Capitol at Columbus. They are loaned to the Survivor's
Association each year on the anniversary of the battle of Perryville, and are
displayed during the Reunion as an object-lesson in patriotism to the children
and grandchildren of those who so bravely upheld them.

THIRTY-YEARS AFTER.

395

Albion W. Tourgee.

396 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
daughter of the regiment, is counted as a daughter by
every one of the lessening company of veterans whom each
year she greets with undiminished warmth.
As the years go by and the number of familiar faces
grows rapidly less at each reunion, those who survive have
still the consolation of knowing that in peace as well as in
war the Story of the Thousand told in worthy deeds and
lives, adds a modest but positive something of luster to
that noblest of all inheritances, the citizenship of the Great
Republic which it is our glory that we helped to give to
" every person born or naturalized in the United States or
subject to its jurisdiction." For the Magna Charta of
American liberty was in fact first traced by the swords of
her citizen-soldiers before it was written in the constitution .

THE END

ITINERARY OF THE

105TH REGIMENT,
OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.
August 21, 1862 to June 8, 1865,

Giving tlie location of
the regiment for
every day of its
service.
Compiled
from various
sources, chiefly the
Journal of Com
rade L. New
ton Parker
of Co.
I.

COL. GEO. T. PERKINS.

ADJT. ALBERT DICKERMAN.
1863.

August 1862.
12—21. Camp Taylor, Cleveland, Ohio.
22 — 24. Covington, Kentucky.
25 — 29. Lexington, Kentucky.
30 — Marched toward Richmond, Kentucky.
31 — Returned to Lexington, Kentucky.
September 1862.
1 — 5. On retreat to Louisville, Kentucky.
6 — 15. In camp, four miles from Louisville, Kentucky.
16 — Review in Louisville, Kentucky.
397

398 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
17 — 21. In camp, near Louisville, Kentucky.
23 — Moved beyond railroad, Louisville, Kentucky.
23 — 30. In camp, Louisville, Kentucky.
October 1862.
1 — Began march on Perryville campaign.
2 — • On march.
2 — Arrived at Taylorsville, Kentucky.
4- — Arrived at Bloomfield, Kentucky.
5 — In camp. (Sunday.)
6 — 7. On march, toward Perryville.
8— BATTLE OF PERRYVILLE, KENTUCKY.
9 — 10. In camp, on battle-field.
11 — 12. On march to Danville, Kentucky.
13 — 19. In camp at Danville, Kentucky.
19 — 20. Forced march to Lebanon, Kentucky.
21 — 28. In camp at Lebanon, Kentucky.
29 — 31. On march to Munfordville, Kentucky.
November 1862.
1 — 29. In camp at Munfordville, Kentucky.
30 — Began march to Glasgow, Kentucky.
December 1862.
1 — Arrived at Glasgow, Kentucky.
2 — 5. In camp near Glasgow, Kentucky.
6 — 9. On march to relieve Hartsville, Tennessee.
10 — ¦ Arrived at Hartsville, Tennessee.
11 — 25. In camp at Castalian Springs, Tennessee.
26 — On march.
27 — Passed through Scottsville, Kentucky.
28 — Waded Barren River.
29 — Arrived at Glasgow, Kentucky.
31 — On march. January 1863.
1 — On march.
2 — Arrived at Cave City, Kentucky.
4 — 7. On march to Nashville, via Bowling Green, Ky.
8 — 10. In camp, three miles out of Nashville, Tennessee,
on Murfreesboro Pike.
11 — 12. Train guard, Nashville to Murfreesboro, Tenn.
13 — 18. In camp, Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
19 — Captain Ephraim Kee died.

ITINERARY. 399
20 — In camp, Murfreesboro.
21 — Forage party captured, near Murfreesboro, Tenn.
22 — 31. In camp and on forage details.
February 1863.
1 — 5. On reconnaissance toward Lebanon, Tennessee.
6 — Passed through Lebanon, Tennessee.
7 — 8. Crossed Stone River on wagons, used as pontoons.
9 — Return to camp in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
10 — 13. Train guard to Nashville, Tennessee.
14 — Return to camp at Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
15 — 18. In camp.
19 — 22. On reconnaissance, two regiments.
23 — Return to camp at Murfreesboro.
24 — In camp.
25 — First payment since regiment left Covington, Ky.
26—28. In camp. March 1863.
1 — 2. In camp, Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
3 — 7 ¦ On reconnaissance.
8 — 16. In camp.
17 — 18. On reconnaissance with brigade.
19 — Arrive at Auburn, Tennessee.
20— BATTLE OF MILTON, TENNESSEE.
21 — 24. In camp.
25—26. Grand Review.
27 — 31. In camp, Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
April 1863.
1 — 5. In camp.
6 — Company B detached as guard at Hospital.
7 — 19. In camp.
20 — 30. On reconnaissance, toward Liberty, Tennessee.
May 1863.
1 — 10. In camp, Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
11 — Moved camp to new position.
12—29. In camp.
29 — Company B rejoined regiment.
30 — 31. In camp. June 1863.
1 — 23. In camp.
24 — Started on Tullahoma campaign.
25— BATTLE OF HOOVER'S GAP, TENNESSEE.

400 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
26 — In line of battle beyond Hoover's Gap.
27 — Arrived at Manchester, Tennessee.
29 — 30. Marching and skirmishing.
July 1863.
1 — Entered Tullahoma, Tennessee.
2 — Crossed Elk and Duck Rivers, pursuing Bragg.
3 — 6. On march.
7 — 9. In camp.
10— COLONEL HALL DIED AT MURFREES
BORO, TENNESSEE.
11 — 24. In camp.
25 — Moved camp beyond Decherd, Tennessee.
26—28. In camp.
29 — March to top of Mountain ; Camp University.
30 — 31. In camp, University Heights, Tennessee.
August 1863.
1 — 15. In camp, University Heights, Tennessee.
16 — 19. On march, Battle Creek Valley Road.
20 — 29. In camp near Jasper, Tennessee.
30 — Crossed Tennessee River at Shell Mound.
September 1863.
1 — 2. In camp at Shell Mound, Tennessee.
3 — 5. On march to Trenton, Georgia.
6 — In camp near Trenton, Georgia.
7 — Marched to foot of Lookout Mountain Range.
8 — In camp.
9 — Heard of evacuation of Chattanooga by Con
federates.
10 — Began march across Sand Mountains.
11 — Arrived at top of mountain.
12 — In camp near Pond Spring, Georgia.
13 — Marched three miles to Hog-jaw Valley.
14 — In line of battle, near Pond Spring, Georgia.
15 — Marched 10 a. m. , to meet Palmer's Division.
16 — In camp near Pond Spring, Georgia.
17 — Skirmishing on the right.
18 — Marched all night to the left.
18 — 22. Companies C and H detailed with train.
19—20. BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA.
21 — Fell back to Chattanooga, Tennessee.
22 — 30. Besieged in Chattanooga, Tennessee. Short
rations ; heavy duty ; frequent skirmishing.

ITINERARY. 401
October 1863.
1 — 19. Besieged in Chattanooga,
20 — Moved camp to right of railroad.
21 — 31. In camp ; heavy duty ; light rations.
November 1863.
1 — 22. Besieged in Chattanooga.
23— Form line of battle left of Fort Negley.
24— BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN.
25— BATTLE OF MISSIONARY RIDGE.
26— Thanksgiving Day — Pursuing the enemy.
27 — 28. On march toward Ringgold, Georgia.
29 — Return to Chattanooga.
30 — In camp, Chattanooga. December 1863.
1 — 31. In camp at Chattanooga, Tennessee, and vicinity.
January 1864.
1 — 24. In camp at Chattanooga and vicinity.
25 — 27. Reconnaisance toward Harrison, Georgia.
28 — Return to camp at Chattanooga, Tennessee.
29 — 31. In camp in Chattanooga.
February 1864.
1 — 20. In camp at Chattanooga.
21 — Advance to Ringgold, Georgia.
22 — 29. In camp near Ringgold, Georgia.
March 1864.
1 — On outpost, in front of Hooker's Pass, near
Ringgold, Georgia.
2 — 31. In camp in front of Ringgold, with outpost duty
every fourth day.
April 1864.
1 — 28. Same as March. On outpost near Ringgold, Ga .
29 — Reconnaissance. Drove into enemy's pickets.
30 — 31. In camp near Ringgold, Georgia.
May 1864.
1—r In camp near Ringgold, Georgia.
2 — Reconnaissance toward Tunnel Hill, Georgia, and
return.
3 — 6. In camp. Preparing to advance.

402 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
7 — General advance. Formed line of battle near
Tunnel Hill, Georgia.
8 — Moved forward cautiously ; frequent skirmishes.
9 — Pressing the enemy back.
10 — Long march to the right.
11 — Halted all day.
12 — Moved at 3 a. m. through Snake Creek Gap.
Enemy falling back to Resaca.
13 — Crowded the enemy all day until dark.
14— BATTLE OF RESACA.
15 — Fighting to hold works captured the day before,
in front of Resaca.
16 — Enemy disappeared from our front.
17 — In pursuit. Marched through Calhoun, Georgia.
18 — Still pursuing, passed through Adair, Georgia.
19 — Marched along railroad to Kingston, Georgia.
20 — 21. On skirmish line at the front.
22 — All extra baggage sent to the rear.
23 — Marched south-by-southeast all day ; waded
Etowah River, bivouacked in woods.
24 — Under arms all day.
25 — 27. On march , guarding trains.
29—31. Train guard. June 1864.
1 — Very hard march to the front ; bivouacked in
reserve.
2 — 4. Constant skirmishing, day and night.
5 — Sharp skirmishing all night. Enemy withdrew.
6 — 7. Marched half a day ; halted and threw up strong
works.
8 — 9. Quiet. No fighting.
10 — Moved forward. Skirmishing all day.
11 — Still pressing enemy. March all night.
12 — Tired out. Slept in line in reserve.
13 — Reconnaissance.
14 — Moved forward. Hot fighting.
15 — Secured good position and threw up works.
16 — Attacked ; held position.
17 — Enemy fell back. Advanced in second line.
18 — Moved up on enemy's lines. Hot work.
19 — Sharp skirmishing. Enemy withdrew to Kenesaw.
20 — 25. Constant Skirmishing.
26 — Moved to right with great caution.
27— BATTLE OF KENESAW MOUNTAIN.

28-

29-

30-

1-

- 2.

3-

4-
5-
-10.
11-
12-
-13.
14-
-16
17-
18-
19-
20-
21-
22-
23- 9 1
Z4t —
25-
-31.
INTINERARY. 403
Hold position.
Truce to bury dead.
Night attack to secure an advance line.
July 1864.
Before Kenesaw.
Enemy withdraw. Follow in pursuit.
Enter Marietta, Georgia.
In camp at Marietta, Georgia.
Ordered to the front.
On reconnaissance.
In camp, spires of Atlanta visible.
Crossed Chattahoochee River on pontoons.
Marched clown river two or three miles.
At the front. Sharp fighting.
BATTLE OF PEACH TREE CREEK.
Drove enemy at 3 p. m. Pursued until dark.
Enemy fell back ; following him closely.
Hot work and hot weather.
Sunday ; both sides rest.
In trenches before Atlanta, Georgia.
August 1864.
1- 7. Siege of Atlanta continued.
8 — Regimental dog " Watch" mortally wounded.
9 — Kelley, owner of "Watch" mortally wounded.
10 — 11. Heavy shelling.
12 — 13. Brigade and division extending lines.
14 — 19. Heav.) duty. Constant skirmishing.
20 — Companies D, H, and I sent to the right.
21— TWO YEARS' SERVICE COMPLETED.
22 — Usual siege-work.
23—26. BATTLE OF ATLANTA.
27 — Sharp attack. Captain Ambrose E. Mason died.
28 — Moved to right at daylight to Red Oak Station.
29 — In camp.
30 — Worked all day destroying railroad.
31 — Moved to the front.
September 1864.
1— BATTLE OF JONESBOROUGH.
2— ATLANTA TAKEN.
3 — 12. In camp.
14 — 15. Foraging. Crossed Chattahoochee River.
404 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
16—26. In camp near Atlanta, Georgia., with picket duty
now and then. Numerous leaves and
furloughs.
27 — Colonel Perkins and Lieut. Lockwood start home.
28 — Major Edwards detailed on Court Martial.
Captain Wilcox in command.
29 — Report of enemy in our rear. Lieutenant Castle
received leave of absence for thirty days.
30 — No more furloughs to be granted. Enemy
moving to the rear.
October 1864.
1 — 2. Under orders to move in pursuit of Hood.
3 — Begin march at 2 p. m.
4 — Re-crossed Chattahoochee on R. R. bridge.
5 — March through Marietta, Georgia.
6 — Passed point of Kenesaw Mountain.
7 — On march toward Ackworth, Georgia.
8 — On march ; halted near Ackworth, Georgia.
10 — On march through Allatoona Pass.
11 — March toward Kingston, Georgia, till noon.
Hold State election in the afternoon.
12 — March toward Rome, Georgia.
13 — In camp until 4 p. m. ; marched until 2 a. m.
14 — March at daylight ; arrive at Cahoma, Georgia.
15 — Cross Oostanaula River on pontoons.
16 — March through Snake Creek Gap.
17 — General Sherman issues order to prepare for a
long and arduous campaign in pursuit of
Hood.
18 — March south, leaving LaFayette to the right.
19 — On the Summerville Road.
20 — Pass Logansport Postoffice.
21 — 28. Regiment running mill, grinding wheat and
building bridge at Gaylesville, Alabama.
29 — On march toward Rome, Georgia.
30 — Arrive at Rome, Georgia.
31 — In camp near Rome.
November 1864.
1 — Foraging.
2 — On march.
3 — 11. In camp at Kingston, Georgia.
12 — March over road we had already twice traveled,
toward Ackworth, Georgia.

ITINERARY. 405
13 — Destroy railroad; pass through Ackworth; arrive
at Big Shanty.
14 — Tear up railroad. Marietta burning.
15 — March to Atlanta. Destroy everything that could
give aid and comfort to the enemy.
16— MARCH TO THE SEA BEGUN. Passed
Decatur, Georgia.
17 — Standing order to break camp at 7 a. m.
March through Lithonia and Congress, Ga.
18 — March through Oxford, Ga. ; cross Yellow River.
19 — March toward Monticello, Georgia.
20 — Arrive at Shady Dale, Georgia. Destroy stores.
21 — On march toward Milledgeville, Georgia.
22 — In advance of corps. Camp twelve miles from
Milledgeville.
23 — Arrive at Milledgeville. Legislature adjourned
before we arrived.
24 — In camp near Milledgeville, Georgia.
25 — March through Milledgeville. Camp eight
miles beyond.
26 — Sharp skirmish at Sandersville, Georgia.
27 — Rapid march northwestward. Burned large
amounts of cotton.
28 — On march. Reached town of Louisville, Georgia.
29 — 30. Marching with constant skirmishes.
December 1864.
1 — Ordered to the front. Drove back enemy.
2 — 3. Marched and tore up railroad track.
4 — Sent to support cavalry at Waynesboro, Georgia.
5 — 7. On march, low swampy region.
8 — Enemy attack rear guard ; in line until midnight.
9 — 10. On march ; destroying railroad.
11 — Nearing Savannah ; wade very wide stream.
12 — Captuie boat loaded with supplies.
] 3 — Moved round to right ; sharp fighting.
14—15. fort McAllister taken, communi
cation OPENED WITH THE NORTH.
16 — On march ; crossed Ogeechee River.
17 — In rear of train ; no rations.
18 — March early.
19 — On march. Cold nights.
21— ENEMY EVACUATED SAVANNAH.
22 — Camped in suburbs of Savannah.
23 — 31. In camp, Savannah, Georgia.

406 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
January 1865.
1 — 19. In camp, Savannah, Georgia.
20 — Moved up the river, seven miles above city.
20 — 24. In camp, seven miles above city.
25 — Moved to camp fifteen miles from Savannah.
26 — On march. Roads blocked with felled timber.
27 — Marched to Springfield, Georgia.
28 — Marched up Savannah River.
29 — 31. In camp ; river too high to cross.
February 1865.
1 — 4. In camp waiting for river to fall.
5 — Crossed Savannah River into South Carolina.
6 — In camp.
7 — March eleven and a half miles; pass through
Robertsville, South Carolina.
8 — On march, "marking our course with fire."
9 — On march, road leading toward Augusta, Georgia.
10 — Marched to Barnwell C. H., S. C, and camped.
11 — Started at noon for Williston, South Carolina;
camp after dark.
12 — Hard march of twenty miles ; tore up R. R.
track ; water scarce.
13 — Reach Edisto river about noon.
14 — Crossed S. Edisto, and N. Edisto, camp 11 p. m.
15 — March until 10 p. m., a rough day.
16 — March through Lexington C. H, S. C.
17 — Start late, crossed river on pontoons.
18 — Built corduroy roads, marched near Broad River.
19 — Crossed river, tore up R. R. track ; marchedjto
Alston, South Carolina.
20 — In camp, and on forage expedition.
21 — Started for Winsborough, South Carolina.
22 — Tore up R. R. north of Columbia S. C.
23 — Marched to Rocky Mount, S. C, camped.
24 — 28. In camp ; streams high, pioneers having trouble
with pontoons.
28 — Move at midnight; until daylight crossing -river.
March 1865.
1 — March at daylight, our regiment in advance.
2 — March, our regiment in rear,
3 — Crossed Lynchers' Creek near night.

ITINERARY. 407
4— CHARLESTON, S. C, OURS ! WILMINGTON
N. C, ALSO !
5 — March to Great Pedee River.
6 — In camp ; "no vandalism in the 'old north
state.' "
7 — March without breakfast, trouble with pontoons.
8— March twenty-five miles. Left Rockingham,
North Carolina, on our left.
10 — On march; bad roads; short rations,
11 — March five miles; enemy strong in front.
12 — March toward Fayetteville, North Carolina.
13 — Camp in Fayetteville. Destroy machinery of
Arsenal.
14 — Troops on move through town.
15 — Brooks, of Co. D, wounded by citizen.
16 — Marched at 3 a. m., eight miles and camped.
17 — Only made three miles; built corduroy road.
18 — Only made five miles; built corduroy road.
19 — Heavy firing at front; roads very bad.
20— Sent to front. BATTLE OF BENTONVILLE.
21 — In camp.
22 — March towards Goldsborough, North Carolina.
23 — March through Goldsborough and camped.
24 — Regiment looks hard, clothes and bodies worn
with marching.
25 — Dan Rush killed. No one safe outside camp.
26 — In camp; large mail; first since January 10th.
27 — 31. In camp, building works; on picket.
April 1865.
1 — 2 . In camp, near Goldsborough, North Carolina.
3 — Review.
4— 7. In camp. NEWS OF THE FALL OF RICH
MOND AND PETERSBURG RECEIVED \
8 — 9. In camp, Goldsborough, North Carolina.
10 — Moved at 8 a. m. Skirmishing at intervals.
11 — On march at daylight; our brigade in advance.
12 — Enemy contesting every inch of ground; took
Smithfield, N. C. NEWS OF LEE'S SUR
RENDER RECEIVED !
12 — • March to Clayton, North Carolina.
13 — Mayor and citizens surrender Raleigh, N. C.
14 — Move at 8 a. m. March all day.
15 — On march.

408 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND.
16 — Pass through Holly Springs. Clay Eddy, Co. K,
shot.
17 — In camp; arrest man who shot Eddy.
18— WOEFUL DAY ! NEWS OF LINCOLN'S
ASSASSINATION RECEIVED !
19 — 23. In camp.
24—26. NEWS OF JOHNSTON'S SURRENDER.
28 — Moved through Holly Springs, N. C, and camped.
29 — In camp.
30 — Start on home-stretch, via Richmond, Virginia.
May 1865.
1 — On March; made twenty-five miles; halted an
hour before sundown.
2 — On march; made over twenty miles; got ahead of
20th Corps.
3 — On march; made over fifteen miles; crossed
Roanoke River.
4 — On march; made over twenty miles; crossed
South and North Forks of Meherrin River.
5 — Crossed Nottaway River.
6 — Marched twenty-seven miles; crossed Appomat
tox River; lost four men with sunstroke.
7 — Marched twenty-five miles; camped three miles
from Richmond, Virginia. Marched 205
MILES IN LAST EIGHT DAYS !
8 — 10. In camp near Richmond, Va. ; men badly used up.
11 — Marched twenty-two miles.
12 — Marched ten miles; passed Hanover C. H., Va.
13 — Marched at 5 a.m.; passed through New Market,
Virginia.
14 — Marched seventeen miles, making westward,
15 — Marched twenty-one miles; crossed Rapidan
River at Raccoon Ford.
16 — Marched fourteen miles; crossed Rappahannock
River at Kelly Ford.
17 — Marched seventeen miles; crossed Aquia Creek.
18 — Marched twenty-one miles; passed Manassas
Junction; crossed Bull Run; marched through
Centerville.
1 9 — Marched ten miles ; camped near Alexandria, Va.
20 — 21. In camp, near Alexandria, Virginia; preparing
Muster Rolls.
23 — Regimental inspection.

ITINERARY. 409
24 — Grand review in Washington; color-bearer
received bouquet from General Sherman.
25 — Moved camp; crossed Long Bridge; camped on
Union ground.
26—31. In camp near Washington; making out Muster
Rolls. June 1865.
1 — Making out Muster-out Rolls; getting ready to
go home.
2 — - All over; mustered out; start for home tomorrow.
3 — Homeward bound, via Baltimore & Pittsburg.
4 — Reached Pittsburg 11 p. m. ; left 1 a. m. for
Cleveland, Ohio.
5 — Arrive in Cleveland 10 a. m. ; had reception;
occupy old barracks .
6 — 8. Turn over ordnance — addressed by Governor Tod
— are paid off and discharged — start for home —
CITIZENS AGAIN !
The whole period of service, from the date of Muster-
in, August 21, 1862, until finally discharged at Cleveland,
Ohio, June 8, 1865, was three years nine months and
eighteen days. The distance marched in that time was
over 3000 miles. From the time the regiment left the cars
at Lexington, Kentucky, on the 25th of August, 1862,
until it left Washington, D. C, June 3d, 1865, neither the
regiment, as a body, nor any company of the same, was on
any train of cars, or boat, or had any transportation. It
marched all the way, passing through seven states. The
statistics of loss and details of individual service may be
found in the tables of the appendix.

APPENDIX.

APPENDIX.

i.
Report of Colonel Albert S. Hall or the part taken by the One
HUNDRED AND FIFTH OHIO INFANTRY IN THE BATTLE OF PERRYVILLE.

Having commanded the One hundred and fifth Regiment Ohio Vol
unteer Infantry in the engagement of the 8th instant near Perryville,
Ky., it becomes my duty, although now commanding the Tenth Division, to
report the part taken by said regiment in the battle. The regiment was on the
march from Mackville to Perryville as part of the Thirty-third Brigade, com
manded by General W. R. Terrill, in the Tenth Division, commanded by
Brigadier-General James S. Jackson, in the First Army Corps, commanded
by Major-General McCook.
The Thirty-fourth Brigade, commanded by Colonel Webster, of the
Ninety-eighth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, was in the advance and
engaged the enemy at about 2.30 p. m. On hearing the fire of the skirmishers
General Terrill ordered forward the Thiriy-third Brigade with all possible
dispatch, and reached the field about 3 p. m.
My regiment was marching in rear of Parsons' battery, and at the
moment of reaching the field was ordered to form on the left of the road in
reserve. This point was occupied but a few moments when the order of
General Terrill was given to file to the left through the timber to the extreme
left of the Union forces. Upon reaching my position I found the One hun
dred and twenty-third Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, Colonel Monroe,
hotly engaging the enemy to the right and rear of Parsons' battery, then in
position. At the moment of coming into position on the left and rear of Parsons'
battery it was apparent that the enemy were determined to charge through
the left of the One hundred and twenty-third Illinois Volunteers and cut off
the battery.
This movement was immediately and effectually repulsed by the destruc
tive fire of Parsons' battery, and the charge of that wing of my regiment,
most gallantly led by Major Perkins, executed by order of General Terrill,
who was personally present.
The fire at this moment was terrific beyond description, and the running
through my line of a six-horse team drawing a caisson created some disorder
in my center. At almost the same moment of this repulse of the enemy a
determined assault was made by them on our left. A battery opened on us
from the enemy's right, and from the form of the ground nearly enfiladed my
line. Parsons' battery was stationed on a sharp crest of open ground, about
eighty yards from a wood occupied by the enemy. From this crest the
ground descended to the woods and then ascended, so that the enemy

ii APPENDIX.
delivered us the lire of consecutive battalions in rear of each other. The
battery was also on a crest which abruptly terminated on the left a few
yards from the guns, exposing the support to a cross-fire from the enemy's
extreme right, of which the enemy, as before described, promptly availed
themselves. Thus at the distance of eighty yards, in an open field, did Parsons' bat
tery and the One hundred and fifth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry
deliver to the enemy a most terrible fire, receiving in return the fire of an
enfilading battery and of a rebel brigade concealed in the woods. The
battery becoming disabled, and the rebel battery on our flank making our
position untenable, by the order of General Terrill, in person, I moved my
regiment sixty yards to the rear and formed on the line of an old fence, then
much broken down. The enemy followed the movement, and when they had
reached the crest (our former position), received a Are that opened their
ranks with the wildest havoc. But the position of the ground was such that
we, were still under the fire of their battery, and the quick eye of General
Terrill discovering a movement of the enemy in a ravine to turn our left,
again ordered the regiment to retire into a cornfield in our rear, which was
done in good order and promptly formed. In this cornfield, being much
exposed to the artillery and musketry of the enemy and hidden from each
other by the corn, some irregularity occurred in the line, while a movement
by the flank, then ordered by General Terrill, who could not be seen or heard
distinctly by the command, tended still more to divide and scatter the regi
ment. The most of the living, however, followed the movement promptly,
and formed in the rear of Bush's battery, by General Terrill's order, and
there remained in its support until the close of the engagement. At this last
position, in the rear of Bush's battery, our brave and beloved Terrill, who
had stood by my side and moved with my regiment from the moment it was
engaged, fell mortally wounded by the fragment of a shell. At this moment
the disability of the General threw the command of the Thirty-third Brigade
upon me. Turning over the command of the One hundred and fifth Regiment
Ohio Volunteer Infantry to Lieutenant-Colonel Tolles I proceeded to collect
the Brigade.
In the early part of the engagement, and before the Thirty-third Brigade
became engaged, Lieutenant-Colonel Tolles, with eight companies, by order
of General Terrill, was sent to the left of the road a mile in rear of the line
of battle to protect the rear. He joined me at Bush's battery, having come
forward and joined in the engagement with the Eightieth Illinois Regiment.
Of the bravery manifested by the officers and enlisted men of the One hun
dred and fifth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry I can speak with the
highest satisfaction. Not an officer and but few of the enlisted men flinched
from the hail of death or left their positions until ordered by their proper
officers. In the engagement at Perryville they have covered themselves with
imperishable honor. Citizen soldiers, with not twenty days' drill, they have
exhibited the coolness and efficiency of veterans. Of the mortality and of
our wounded I speak with choking sorrow. Captain L. D. Kee, Company I
and Robert Wilson, of Company H, are no more; they fell upon that fatal
crest by Parsons' battery— the former dead, the latter mortally wounded.
Braver or better men never lived; truer patriots never offered a holier
sacrifice to their country's cause. On the same spot twenty-nine enlisted
men of my regiment gave their liv es to the cause of constitutional liberty-
each a precious offering on freedom's altar. God of the true and brave!
these are thine ; their country calls them no more. There too on that fatal
spot were wounded no less than 130 of their gallant comrades. A. S. Hall.

APPENDIX. iii
II.
Concerning Cannon Captured by the Third Division of this Army
of the Cumberland at the Battle of Missionary Ridge.

It has not been deemed advisable to cumber the text of this volume with
the controversy that has arisen in regard to the capture of cannon and prison
ers on Missionary Ridge. The truth about the matter is very easy to perceive.
The division captured the guns in its front and also prisoners who opposed
them. Being then moved to the left, along the crest of the Ridge, other forces
came up and occupied the ground over which they had passed and claimed to
have captured the guns they found abandoned there, in some cases without
knowledge of their previous capture, also the prisoners who were in our rear,
The following extract from Rev. David B. Floyd's " History of the Seventy-
fifth Indiana Volunteers " gives a very clear account of the matter, and is
supplemented by the reports of Colonel Van Derveer, General Turchin and
General Baird in regard to the same :
"It was in this struggle of our Division with Cheatham's Division (Third
Division, Fourteenth Army Corps) that Colonel E. H. Phelps, the heroic com
mander of the Third Brigade, was killed. He was the only commander above
a regiment that lost his life in the taking of Missionary Ridge by the Army of
the Cumberland.
" Cheatham's Confederates were trying to remove from our front a piece
of artillery to which two wounded horses — one of them a gray — were
attached. Some of our boys were struggling to capture it. The line of battle
of the rear regiments in our brigade at this moment was in a recumbent
position. On witnessing Cheatham's men and ours grappling for this piece of
artillery, Colonel Robinsjn ordered his regiments to arise, fix bayonets, form
line of battle facing north, with the right wing of the regiment extending down
the east slope of the Ridge, and to charge along the slope of the Ridge in the
direction of this piece of artillery."
Certain parties have been laboring hard for twenty-five years to make it
appear that the famous charge of the Army of the Cumberland up the face of
Missionary Ridge was made alone by the Divisions of Sheridan and "Wood, of
the Fourth Corps, and that these two divisions captured all the cannon and
prisoners. Baird's entire Division and two Brigades of Johnson's Division of
the Fourteenth Corps, who were in the assault, and captured their share of
prisoners and cannon, are overshadowed by these parties. The Fourth Corps
did not constitute the Army of the Cumberland, by any means. Even officers
of high rank — like Sheridan and Hazen — got into a wrangle over the capture
of these cannon. One accuses the other of misappropriation of these field-
pieces, and hauling them off, when they did not capture them. Certain it is,
that some very shameful and dirty work was done in this regard, as the
accompanying reports of our Brigade and Division commanders will show.
In his official report Colonel Van Derveer says :
" As my men sprung over these works, the enemy's cannoneers were
caught iu the act of loading and were bayonetted or driven off before they
could fire their pieces. Five guns were found here in position and captured
by the Brigade, two by the Second Minnesota and three by the Thirty-fifth
Ohio. The larger part of the enemy retired beyond the Ridge toward the left,
vigorously pursued, and driven near half a mile. For thirty minutes a very
determined resistance was made by the enemy. Many of the troops of my
command, having in their charge up the Ridge lost their regimental organiza
tions, were in some disorder for a short time, but all pressed toward the enemy.
The Ninth Ohio and the Seventy-fifth Indiana came up in good order, and
were placed in line perpendicular to the Ridge and fronting the Rebels.

iv APPENDIX.
" Darkness coming on, firing ceased upon both sides, and my Brigade
bivouacked on the crest of Missionary Ridge. After the action one other
piece of artillery, abandoned by the enemy, was found by the Seventy-fifth
Indiana, and-' taken charge of. The guns that were captured by my command
were left where found, while our men pursued the enemy along the Ridge
toward Tunnel Hill. "While they were thus absent the pieces were hauled off
to our rear by men said to belong to Brigadier-General Wood's Division which
was ujon the right, i" saw these guns being taken toward the ground occupied
by that Division, and upon inquiry I was informed that they were being taken
to a position where they could be used against the enemy. My Brigade at the
same time captured one caisson with six horses attached and a limber with
one pair of horses. These, too, were taken to the rear with the guns. No other
troops were near this battery when taken. The enemy were driven from it by
my own men, and we thus lost possession while gallantly engaging the
retreating Rebel force."
General Turchin, commanding the First Brigade of our Division, in his
report says :
"After leaving the Ridge I do not know what became of the cannon
captured by my Brigade, but as Beatty's Brigade. Wood's Division, occupied
the hill which we stormed and most of the ground to the left of it, I presume
the guns were taken by the regiments of General Beatty's command, and per
haps some ofthe Second Brigade of our Division.
" The fact was, that reaching the top of the hill we had more serious work
to perform than to count and guard cannon. The enemy was in strong force
on our left, and until the Second and Third Brigades climbed the hills assigned
to them, all our energies were directed to fighting the enemy, and not to
grouping and displaying systematically the captured cannon."
General Absalom Baird, the commander of the Division, says in his
report :
'¦ In this movement from the point where my right gained the top to the
extreme left ten or twelve pieces of artillery were captured. My men found
them in the possession of the enemy, some with strong infantry supports. They
drove him from them and passed over them in pursuit. One of these batteries
was recaptured by a rally of the enemy, but again taken by us. The credit of
capturing seven of these guns is claimed by the First Brigade, and the Second
claim to have taken five. It is not impossible that two are the same in the
claim of each of the parties ; for the men got much mingled together at the end
of the assiult, yet they may be distinct. Certain it is, that the men of the divis
ion took ten guns out of the hands of tlie enemy, an-i that they never returned
to him. " While thus engaged upon the extreme left, the guns which we had cap
tured, and which we had left in the position where we had found them, were
carried off to the rear, and we have since been unable to identify them individu
ally, so as to claim them. I learn that all the guns turned over to the chief of
artillery have been claimed by those presenting them as their capture, leaving
none for this Division. I regret for the sake of the brave men who so fearlessly
risked their lives in taking them, that this is so ; but I felt at the time that we
had a higher duty to perform, as long as there was an enemy to be encountered,
than that of stopping to secure trophies for exhibition after the battle. In
deed, I was not quite sure that without strenuous exertion would we be able to
retain what we had already gained. In considering the evidence of these cap
tures which I submit in behalf of my command, I trust that the General Com
manding will remember that the guns of the enemy being widely scattered
along the Ridge, very few in one spot, a brigade or division to have captured

APPENDIX. v
an unusual number must not only have taken possession of the worksm its own
front, but must have passed widely to the right and left along the crest, before
the arrival of other troops. The prisoners whom we captured, most of them,
like the guns, were sent to the rear to be taken care of by others less occu
pied. Out of more than 300 taken we have receipts for less than 200. "

III.
Extract from the Report of Major-General Absalom Baird,
Commanding Third Division, Fourteenth Army Corps,
on the Atlanta Campaign.

" September 3d, it was announced that Atlanta had been evacuated, and our
campaign was at an end. In this long, remarkable, and glorious campaign the
soldiers of this army have endured fatigues, sufferings, and privations which
will never be koown or related. The quiet and heroic patience with which all
has been undergone, and duty performed, whilst establishing for them the-
highest reputation as soldiers, will still tend to cause their hardships to be
forgotten. Starting without transportation, and with only the supplies for an
expedition of three or six weeks, these things have been required to last for
four months; so that often our officers, lying in the dirt and rain for days
without shelter, have been unable to preserve the ordinary cleanliness which
is essential to health, and many have broken down for want of proper food.
During the greater part of the time our men have lain constantly under the
enemy's fire, at every moment liable to be picked off, whilst the sound, not of
distant artillery and musketry, but of the closely- whistling bullet and bursting
shell, has seldom been out of their ears. The rest which they have experienced
by the simple cessation of these noises has been great. Our losses, in the slow
operations of the trench, on picket, on daily and nightly skirmishes, as well as
in battle, although distributed over a great length of time, yet equal in the
aggregate the casualties of the greatest battles. The following report exhibits
the total loss of the division in killed and wounded during the campaign, from
the 7th of May to the 7th of September :
Killed. Wounded. Missing. Total.
"g"A_s 'g'g
9 2 3 2

Division Staff  1 
First Brigade  7 55 15 277
Second Brigade  3 23 10 179
ThirdBrigade  4 109 31 487

Total infantry  14 187 57 943
Artillery  9

g

O

£

- >

B

s

o

a

w
TO
2
22
2
22
334
856
4
13
206
219
10
35
606
641
16
72
1146
1216
9
9
Total of Division. 14 187 57 952 1 16 72 1155 1225
" This loss of 1,225 officers and men is to be compared not with the aggre
gate effective force of 8,460 men with which we entered upon the campaign, but
with a much smaller average in the field, as the time of many regiments soon
expired, reducing our strength at the end of the campaign to an aggregate of
4,840 officers and men.
vi APPENDIX.
"The division captured during the four months 908 men, including 61
'Officers. One hundred and forty -seven of these desired to be sent to the rear
and classed as deserters, the rest as prisoners of war. It will be seen by this
that whiie the division has not lost in all 20 prisoners, that it has taken from
the rebel army, independent of those killed and wounded, almost as many
men as it has lost in battle. Some flags have been captured, but not all
turned over to me. Of material trophies, however, we have obtained but little
except arms of no great value to our armv. "A. BAIRD.
'¦Brigadier-General, Commanding Division '"

IV.
Extract from the Report of Col. Gleason Commanding Second
Brigade, on the Atlanta Campaign,
The Brigade Commander reports the following concerning the Second
¦Brigade during this campaign :
' ' During the whole of this laborious and eventful campaign the officers and
enlisted men of this brigade have at all times manifested that r>atience and
cheerful attention to duty for which they have heretofore been so signally
distinguished. Where all have done so well it would seem unjust to discrimi
nate, I cannot, however, fail to commend the faithful conduct of Lieutenant-
Colonel W. O'Brien, commanding Seventy-fifth Indiana Volunteers ; Lieuten
ant-Colonel Thomas Doan, One Hundred and First Indiana Volunteers;
Ijieuteiia/nt-Colonel J. W. Bishop, Second Minnesota Veteran Volunteers ;
Lieutenant-Colonel E. P. Hammond, Eighty-seventh Indiana Volunteers;
Lieutenant-Colonel George T. Perkins. One Hundred and Fifth Ohio Volun
teers; and Major Joseph L. Budd, Thirty-fifth Ohio Volunteers: also Miijor C.
J. McCole, commanding Seventy- fifth Indiana Volunteers since July 20, and
Major Charles G. Edu ards, commanding One Hundred: and Fifth Ohio Volun
teers in support of the skirmish line fluring the advance on August 5, and Major
R. C. Sabin, Eighty-seventh Indiana Volunteers, commanding skirmish line,
:all of whom have handled their respective commands with promptness and
^ability. These officers deserve great credit for their gallant, strict and faithful
execution of orders on all occasions. There are many line officers and enlisted
men who deserve special mention, but the limits of this report will only allow
me to respectfully refer to the reports of the regimental commanders. When
the brigade left Ringgold the effective force numbered 2,549. Two regiments,
the Ninth Ohio and Thirty-fifth Ohio, have left the brigade on account of the
expiration of their term of service. The Second Minnesota is still absent.
Effective force present in four regiments. 1,120.
Casualties of four regiments :
Killed. Wounded. Missing.

:87th Indiana Voluntfers, Lieut.,-
Col. E. P. Hammond 
75th Indiana Volunteers, Major
C. J. McCole 
101st Indiana Volunteers, Lieut.,
Col. Thomas Doan 
105th Ohio Volunteers. Lieut. -
Col. George T. Perkins 

Total.

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3

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9

w

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a

B

1
w
3
1
23
1
26
27
6
I
Ifl
1
25
26
'¦!
-
28
2
30
32
4
1
29
1
33
34
15
5
99
5
HI
11!>
APPENDIX. vlj
" The casualties of the Second Minnesota and Thirty-fifth Ohio regiments
will bear a proportional average with the above regiments, including one officer
in each regiment killed. The members of the Brigade Staff-Captain Clinton
A. Cilley, Acting Assistant Adjutant General ; Captain Samuel L' Hommedieu,
Assistant Inspector General; Captain Sanford Fortner, Provost Marshal; Cap
tain M. D. Ellis, Topographical Engineer; Lieutenant C. C. Col burn' Acting
Aide-de-Camp; Lieutenant W. H. Osborn, Acting Commissary of Subsistence-
Lieutenant W. H. Conner, Acting Assistant Quartermaster— have faithfully
discharged the duties of their respective departments. Captains Cilley and
L' Hommedieu having been absent since July 15th. Captains Fortner and
Ellis have performed their duties, the former that of Acting Assistant Adjutant
General, the latter Acting Inspector, in a highly efficient manner.
'¦ 1 am. Major, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
"N GLEASON,
¦¦Colonel Eighty-seventh Indiana Volunteers, Commanding Brigade."

COPY OF DISCHARGE FROM NAVAL SERVICE.
This is to certify that No. 89, Henry C. Sweet, Master at Arms, has
this day been honorably discharged from the United States Steamer "Gen
eral Thomas," and from the Naval service of the United States.
Dated this June 24, 1865. GEO. P. RAND,
Approved, Acting Paymaster.
GEO. MORTON,
Acting Master. REVERSE.
, ( Record of Enlistment. )
Henry C. Sweet, August 17. 1864; occupation, mason; eyes, blue; hair
dark;.complexIonfair; height 5 feet 7 inches. Served on U. S. S. "General
Thomas."

VI.
FAREWELL ORDER OF GENERAL SHERMAN.
HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, I
In the Field, Washington, D. C, May 30, 1865. |
" SPECIAL FIELD ORDERS, No. 76 :
"The- General Commanding announces to the Armies of the Tennessee aad
Georgia that the time has come for us to part. Our work is done, and armed
enemies no longer defy us. Some of you will be retained in service until
further orders. And now that we are about to separate, to mingle with the
civil world, it becomes a pleasing duty to recall to mind the situation of
National affairs when, but little more than a year ago, we were gathered about
the twining cliffs of Lookout Mountain, and all the future was wrapped in doubt
and uncertainty. Three armies had come together from distant fields, with
separate histories, yet bound by one common cause — the union of our country
and the perpetuation of the Government of our inheritance. There is no need
to recall to your memories Tunnell Hill, with its Rocky Face Mountain, and
Buzzard Roost Gap, with the ugly forts of Dalton behind: We were in earnest,
and paused not for danger and difficulty, but dashed through Snake Creek Gap,
and fell on Resaca, then on to the Etowah, to Dallas, Kenesaw; and the heats

viii APPENDIX,
of summer found us on the banks of the Chattahoochee, far from home and
dependent on a single road for supplies. Again we were not to be held back
by any obstacle, and crossed over and fought four heavy battles for the posses
sion of the citadel of Atlanta. That was the crisis of our history. A doubt
still clouded our future; but we solved the problem, and destroyed Atlanta,
struck boldly across the State of Georgia, secured all the main arteries of life
to our enemy, and Christmas found us at Savannah. Waiting there only long
enough to fill our wagons, we again began a march, which for peril, labor, and
results will compare with any ever made by an organized army. The floods
of the Savannah, the swamps of the Combahee and Edisto, the high hills and
rocks of the Santee, the flat quagmires of the Pedee and Cape Fear Rivers,
were all passed in midwinter, with its floods and rains, in the face of an
accumulating enemy ; and after the battles of Aversborough and Bentonsville,
we once more came out of the wilderness to meet our friends at Goldsborough.
Even then we paused only long enough to get clothing, to reload our wagons ,
and again pushed on to Raleigh, and beyond, until we met our enemy, suing for
peace instead of war, and offering to submit to the injured laws of his and our
country. As long as that enemy was defiant, nor mountains, nor rivers, nor
swamps, nor hunger, nor cold had checked us ; but when he who had fought
us hard and persistently, offered submission, your General thought it wrong to
pursue him further, and negotiations followed which resulted, as you all know,
in his surrender. How far the operations of this army have contributed to the
overthrow of the Confederacy, or the peace which now dawns on us, must be
judged by others, not by us. But that you have done all that men could do
has been admitted by those in authority; and we have a right to join in the
universal joy that fills our land because the war is over, and our Government
stands vindicated before the world by the joint action of the volunteer armies
of the United States,
" To such as remain in the military service, your General need only remind
you that successes in the past are due to hard work and discipline, and that the
same work and discipline are equally impDrtant in the future. To such as go
home, he will only say that our favored country is so grand, so extensive, so
diversified in climate, soil, and productions, that every man may surely find a
home and occupation suited to his tastes; and none should yield to the
natural impotence sure to result from our past life of excitement and adventure.
You will be invited to seek new adventure abroad; but do not yield to the
temptation, for it will lead. only to death and disappointment.
" Your General now bids you all farewell, with the full belief that as in
war you have been good soldiers, so in peace you will make good citizens ; and
if, unfortunately, new war should arise in our country, Sherman's Army will
be the first to buckle on the old armor and come forth to defend and maintain
the Government of our inheritance and choice."

VII.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.

When the form was made up, containing page 34, it was found not only that
the sketch of Corporal Wm. O. Smith had been omitted, but that the sketch
itself had been mislaid. A note was, therefore, inserted referring to the Ap
pendix. William Orsamus Smith was born December 17, 1842, at Warren, Trum
bull County, O. , of New England parents ; his ancestors, on both the maternal
and paternal side, being in the Revolutionary War. On the maternal side, his
great-grandfather and seven sons served in the war for independence. He

APPENDIX. ix
enlisted in the 105th, August 13, 1863, with his brother Horatio, both as pri
vates, and an hour later left for camp ; was appointed corporal of Company K ;
was wounded on the head at the battle of Perryville, and soon after suffered an
attack of fever, from which he recovered, with hearing so much impaired as to
be unfit for aotive servioe in the ranks. Declining a discharge, however, he
was detailed as brigade-wagonmaster, in which capacity he served through the
Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns, or from Murfreesborough to Chatta
nooga; was then detailed by General Thomas to duty in the Depot Quarter
master's Department, with his brother Horatio, and was mustered out with the
regiment. He stuck the first stakes and laid out the first avenues in the Na
tional Cemetery, at Chattanooga, and was present at the first interment in
that beautiful resting place of our patriot dead. He has never married, and
lives on the old homestead at Orwell, O.
Comrade Smith was one of the few members of the regiment to encounter
persona adventure when isolated from his command. Soon after the battle
of Perryville, while he was yet suffering from a wound, he was ordered to
carry dispatches to Lebanon. Ky. The country was full of Confederate
soldiers, who had straggled from Bragg's wing or been on leave, when he was
compelled to retreat. Besides that, Morgan was scouting through the country,
and was supposed at that time to be on his way to Lebanon, and it became
advisable to get dispatches through to the commandiog officer.
Smith, with two companions, undertook the task. Having become sepa
rated from these, when they had lost their way, he pushed on alone, being
fearful of capture, and presently came upon the smoking remnant of a wagon
train, which one of Morgan's detachments had captured and burned. Making
a wide detour, he again approached the road near nightfall, being then very
hungry and greatly exhausted. Coming to a house, which gave evidence of
plenty, if not welcome, he rode up and found himself in the presence of three
men in Confederate uniform. It was too late to retreat, both himself and his
horse being utterly done out. So he determined to make the best of the situ
ation, and asked the master of the house, who was sitting on the porch with
them, for supper and lodging for himself and his horse. While putting up the
horse, a colored man gave him directions as to his route, and advised him to
set out as soon as he could. He needed no advice of that sort. Returning to
the house, he ate supper with the Confederates, neither asking any questions,
and they seeming as uneasy as he felt. After the meal, they sat about the fire
for a while, as the season was cool ; then Smith excused himself, went to the
barn, found his horse already equipped, with a luncheon in one of the bags-
mounted, rode quietly away, and spent the night in the first big cornfield
which he found. In the morning he went on his way, and in the afternoon
arrived safely at Lebanon, where he found his regiment in camp.

VIII.
Explanation of Roster and Tables.

The 105th Ohio Volunteer Infantry was ordered to rendezvous at Camp
Taylor, Cleveland, Ohio, on August 12th, 1862. Companies A, C, G and H were
mustered into the United States service on August 20th; Companies B, D, E,
F and I on August 21st ; Field and Staff August 21st; Captain James R. Paxton
Fifteenth U. S. Infantry, mustering officer. It was mustered out near Wash
ington, D. C, June 3d, 1865, by Captam Jacob Kline, Sixteenth U. S. Infantry.
Disbanded at Camp Taylor, Cleveland, Ohio, June 8th, 1865.

x APPENDIX.
The following roster is copied from the original rolls, through the kindness
of. the Adjutant-General of the State of Ohio, by Mr. Arthur R. Warren. A
large number of errors in the roster published by the State have been cor
rected, and it has been made possible, by reference to the tables annexed, to
trace with accuracy, the military history of every member of the regiment.
These tables are designated by Roman numerals, as follows :
I. — Promotions and reductions.
II. — Wounded.
III.— Captured. -
IV.— Transferred.
V.— Mustered out— absent from regiment.
VI.— Killed and died in service.
VII.— Resigned and discharged.
VIII.— Missing and absent without leave.
IX.— Record of previous service.
X. — Color-guard.
XI.— Recapitulation.

ABBREVIATIONS.

The following abbreviations are used in the Roster and tables :
Apt.— Appointed.
D. — Died in service.
Dis.— Discharged.
K. — Killed in action.
M. o.— Mustered out^absent from regiment.
Pr.— Promoted.
P.— Captured or prisoner.
Red.— Reduced.
Res.— Resigned.
S.— Previous service.
V. R. C— Veteran Reserve Corps.
V. V. E.— Veteran Volunteer Engineers.
Roman numerals designating tables should be read : " See Table I," etc.
The preparation of these tables would have been an impossibility but for
the indefatigable exertions of Comrade L. Newton Parker, assisted by Com
rade M. L. Maynard. It is believed that the system adopted through their
exertions gives the most complete and easily accessible military record of all
the members of a regiment ever prepared.

APPENDIX.

ii

ROSTER
105th OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.
From Original fluster-in- Rolls, with References to Historical
Tables.
FIELD AND STAFF.
NAME. HANK. AGE. ENT. SERV. REMARKS.
Albert S.Hall .  Colonel. 31. June 3,1861. Died. Seenotel.
William R. Tolles.... Lreut.Col. 37. Aug. 20, 1861. Resigned. See note 2.
George T. Perkins. .. . Major. 26. Aug. 10, 1862. * Pr See note 3
Charles N. Fowler. .. . Surgeon. 34. Aug. 12, 1862. * Pr. See note 4'
Harvey S.Tait...  Ass. Surg. 35. Aug 19,1862. Dismissed Aug. 10, 1863
Joseph G. Paulding.. » 35. " Resigned Apr. 8, 1863.
Ambrose M. Robbins. Adj't. 25. Aug." 1, 1862. Res. Mar.28 1863 See IX
Marshall W -Wright.. R Q. M. 43. "' Resided Apr 13, 1864
Aaron Van Nostrand. Chaplain. 43. Sep. 26, 1862. DiedFeb.27ri863,Paines- ville, O.
subsequent staff officers.
Charles G. Edwards.. Major. 26. July 23, 1862. * Pr. See note 5
John Turnbull  Ast. Surg. 23. June 29, 1863. * Appt'd from civil life
Albert Dickerman.... Adj't. 22. July 28, 1862. * Appt'd March 29 1863"
Stanley B.Lockwood. R. Q. M. 22. Aug. 10, 1862. * Appt'd June 8 1864
Aaron D. Morton  Chaplain. 41. Sep. 13, 1864. *
ORIGINAL NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.
Albert Dickerman  Sgt. Maj. 22. July 28, 1862. Pr. See table I Co I
Horatio M. Smith  Q. M. S. 27. Aug. 13, 1862. Pr. See table I Co K
William J. Gibson.... Com.Serg. 24. Aug. 7,1862. * See table I. Co G
JohnMeharg  Hos. St'd. 22. Aug. 11, 1862. * See table I. Co H
Horace Rawdon  Prin. Mus. 37. Aug. 9, 1862. See table I. Co. I.
SUBSEQUENT NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.
Irwin Butler  Serg.Maj. 19. Aug. 9,1862. * Pr. See I. Co. C.
Porter Watson  " 21. Aug. 6,1862. * See I. Cos. A. and D
Lester D. Taylor  " 29. Aug. 12, 1862. * Seel. Co. E.
George W. Cheney.. Q. M. S. 18. Aug. 4,1862. Seel.Co.G.,* Seenote6-
William Doty  Priv.Mus. 24. Jan. 5, 1864. See I. Co. F. See note 7.
Note 1.— Promoted from Lieut. -Col. 24th Regiment O. V. I., Aug. 11, 1862;
to Brevet Brig'r-Gen'l to date, Oct. 8, 1862. Died July 10, 1863, at Murfrees
boro, Tenn. ; interred at Charleston, Portage Co., Ohio.
Note 2. — Promoted from Captain Co. B, 41st Regiment O. V. I., August 9„
1862 ; promoted to Colonel July 10, 1863, but not mustered. Resigned January
29, 1864. Note 3.— Promoted to Lieut.-Col. July 10, 1863; to Colonel, February 18,
1864, but not mustered; to Brevet-Colonel March 13, 1865. Wounded
September 20, 1863, in the battle of Chickamauga, Ga. Mustered out in com
mand. See IX.
Note 4.— Captuted September 20, 1863, while on duty in the hospital at
Chickamauga;'Ga. Mustered out with regiment.
Note 5.— Promoted from Captain Co. A July 10, 1863, to Lieut.-Col
February 18, 1864, but not mustered; Brevet Lieut.-Col. March 13, 1865.
Wounded at Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862; also at seige of Atlanta, August
25, 1864. Mustered out with regiment.
Note 6.— Promoted to 1st Lieut. October 24, 1864, but not mustered.
Note 7.— Transferred to the 38th Regiment O. V. I., as Principal Musician,
June 1, 1865.

APPENDIX.

Roster Company A.

NAME. RANK.
Charles G. Edwards. . Captain.
Kichard J. See  1st Lieut.
Daniel B. Stambaugh. 2d Lieut.
Patten Himrod  1st Sergt.
Porter Watson  Sergt.
Nathan W. King  "
James Crays  "
Lafayette McCoy  "
Joseph T. Torrence. . . Corporal.
James Brown 
James Morris  "
Isaiah J. Nessle  "
John F. McCollom. . . "
William H. Craig 
Joseph H.Applegate.. "
William Phillips 
John Clingensmith. . . . Wagoner.
Anderson, George S.. Private.
Allen, James 
Alexander, Samuel E. "
Barr,- Alexander  "
Burns, Michael  "
Boyle, John A  "
Bailey, Henry B  "
Bowen, Thomas  "
Conklin, George  "
Cook, Dugald  "
Cowley, Hugh  "
Coulter, James C  "
Davis, William G  "
Edmonds, David  "
Fair, Emanuel  "
Flecker, John  "
Fielding, Charles  "
Filer, James  "
Foster, John C  '¦
George, Thomas  "
Hanify, John J  "
Helllger, Frederick . . "
Hunter, James  "
Hulburt, Frank  "
Halloway, Dixon  "
Harber, Aaron  "
Jones, William L  "
Jewell, John D  "
Jones, William  "
Jones, David D  "
Jarra, Thomas  "
James, Frederick  "
Kyle, Wesley  "
Kelley, Mahershalal.. "
Kelley, Stephen T....
Knox, Andrew  "
Kay, Robert 
Lally, Thomas  "
Uewis, Benjamin B. .. "
Moore, Ashley  "
Moore, Francis  "
Maleomson, James. "
Miles, John  "
Morris, Thomas H  "
Morris, Isaac  "
Miller, Albert 
McFall, Simon P  "
McKibben, Robert  "
McGinty, Michael  "
McKanna, Dennis — "
McDonald, John B  "
Hox, James F  "

DATE OF

ENLISTMENT

AGE.

1862.

REMARKS.

26.

July 23.

Pr. W. S. I, II, IX, *

23.

"

Pr. W. S. I, II, IX, *

23.

"

Pr. W. S. I, II, IX, *

23.

Aug. 1.

Pr. S. Res. I, VII, IX.

21.

Aug. 6.

Pr. S. I, IX. *

26.

July 26.

Killed. See VI.

20.

"

Pr. W. See I, II, *

30.

<<

W. D. See II, VI.

21.

Aug. 5.

W. Dis. See II, VII.

24.

July 25

Pr. W. See I, II. *.

36.

Aug. 5.

Pr. *. See I, V.

18.

Aug. 6.

Pr. W. See I, II, *.

20.

July 31.

W. Tr. See II, IV.

35.

July 26.

Pr. K. See I, VI.

22.

July 29.

Killed. See VI.

22.

Aug. 5.

W. See II, *.

24.

Aug. 4.

Dis. See VII.

38.

Aug. 1.

Dis. See VII.

18.

Aug. 6.

*

19.

"

*

43.

"

P. D. See III, VI.

23.

Aug. 4.

W. See II, *.

25.

"

W. P. D. See II, III, VI.

2(1.

"

W. See II, *.

29.

July 26.

P. See III. *.

18.

July 31.

W. Dis. See II, VII.

39.

Aug. 2.

Tr. See IV.

2(1.

Aug. 5.

W. P. Seen, III, *.

26.

Aug. 1.

P. D. See III, VI.

28.

Aug. 6.

Pr. W. *. See I, II, V.

22.

Aug. 5.

P. See III, VIII.

34.

Aug. 6.

P. Dis. See III, VII.

42.

Aug. 3.

W. Dis. See II, VII.

36.

July 27.

W. Dis. See II. VII.

28.

Aug. 7,

*

20.

Aug. 6.

P. Tr. See III, IV.

22.

Aug. 2.

*

27.

July 28.

W. Dis. See II, VII.

18.

Aug. 6.

W.P. See II, III,*.

41.

July 26.

Dis. See VII.

21.

Aug. 5.

W. P. See II, III, VIII.

22.

Aug. 2.

*

27.

July 28.

P. Tr. See III, IV.

34.

Aug. 5.

Tr. See IV.

28.

"

Pr. Dis. See I, VII.

40.

Aug. 6.

*

29.

July 31.

Dis. See VII.

22.

Aug. 11.

*

22.

Aug. 5.

W. See II, *.

20.

July 30.

P. See III, *.

24.

Aug. 1.

* See V.

39.

Aug. 2.

Tr. See IV.

27.

Aug. 5.

*

21.

Aug. 6.

Pr. See I, *.

32.

July 26.

*

22.

Aug. 6.

Died. See VI.

22.

¦July 31.

* ,

18.

July 26.

*

35.

July 28.

P. Tr. See III, IV.

26.

Aug. 6.

W. * See II,

38.

"

Dis. See VII.

26.

July 26.

P. D. See III, VI.

24.

July 24.

Killed. See VI

22.

July 28.

W. * See II.

36.

Aug. 3.

Tr. See IV.

40.

Aug. 4.

Killed. See VI.

32.

July 27.

*

30.

Aug 2.

*

17.

July 31

Dis. See VII.

APPENDIX.

Ro_ter Company A— Continued.

.NAME. RANK.
Niblack, Henry  Private.
O'Harra, James  "
Price, William B 
' Porter, Robert C 
Patterson, James  "
Phillips, John  "
Parker, John T  "
Reep, Reuben B  "
Rees, Richard  "
Robbins, Daniel  "
Renn, John W  "
Smith, Daniel A  "
Stewart, John Alex'r. "
Stewart, John Allen. . "
Stewart, Samuel M. . . "
Stewart, William W. .
Stein, Jacob  "
Stambaugh, John E . . "
Sparrow, Emmons  "
Smith, Benjamin  "
Thomas, John B  "
- Tyrrell, Thomas  "
Walser, George. W... "
Wise, Jonathan  "
Wetherstay, Henry. . . "
Williams, Richard  "
Williams, James  "
Williams, Clytus  "
Webb, John H 
Young, Lewis  "
Charles C. Stover  Musician.
Baker, George  Private.
Bailey, William 
Christy, James  "
Heiliger, Oscar C. F. . "
Herrington, Frederick "
Hotham, Leonard K. . "
Houston, Richard  "
Howard, Edward L... "
Huston, Dickson  "
Kaine, Anthony  "
McCambridgePatr'k. "
McLarin, John  "
O'Donal, John  ', . "
Porter, Lewis  "
Rayen. James T  "
Beed, Eli S  "
Rowe, James  "
Bussell, Elijah B  "
Shingledecker, John . . "
Stambaugh, Sam'l N.. "
Stewart, James  ' ¦
Stewart, Cyrus  "
Warner, John W  "
Whetstone, David C '

AGE. 19.18.18.
18.
26.20.
32. 17.
34.42.27.

22.20.20. 27.
20.21.
24.40. 19.
34.24. 22.44. 19.
19.
22. .'¦¦

DATE OF
ENLISTMENT 1862.
Aug. 5.
Aug. 4.
July 26.
Aug. 6.
July 25.
Aug. 5.
July 31.
July 26.
July 24.
Aug. 5.
Aug. 1.
Aug. 2.
July 29.
July 28.
July 27.
Aug. 5.
July 26.
Aug. 5.
Aug. 1.
July 26.
Aug. 9.
Aug. 2.

REMARKS.
Killed. See VI.
Dis. See. VII.
Died. See VI.
Pr. P. * See I, III,
Tr. See IV.

Aug. 6.
Aug. 9.
Aug. 7.
July 21.
July 25.

P. D. See III, VI.
W. Dis. See II, VII.
Dis. See VII.
P. Dis. See III, VII.
Tr. See IV.
Tr. See IV.
P. Tr. See III, IV.
P. Dis, See III, VII.
Died. See VI.
Tr. See IV.
P. See III, *.
P. See III, VIII.
P. D. See III, VI.
Died. See VI.
W. Dis. See H, VII.
Pr. W. D. Seel, II, VI,
* W. D. See II, VI.
See VIII.
Killed. See VI.
W. D. See II, VI.
Died. See VI.

24. 21. 19.
27. 18.
38. 19.
36.35.36. 19.
35.
30.
23. 40.
31. 36.35.

19.
32.37.22.
22.

Dec. Mar.Mar.
Jan.Mar.Dec.
Jan.Mar.
Jan. Mar.Jan.
Apr.Nov.Dec.Mar.
Sep. Feb. Mar.Dec.Mar.Oct.Feb.Mar.Mar.Mar.

16, 1863.
22, 1864.
21, 1864.
4, 1864.
31, 1864.
12, 1863.
4, 1864.
31, 1864.
4, 1864.
31, 1864.
5, 1864.
6, 1864.
11, 1863.
31, 1863.
31, 1864.
19, 1864.
2, 1864.
4, 1864.
20, 1863.
31, 1864.
12, 1864.
10, 1864.
31, 1864.
25, 1864.
21, 1864.

Tr. Tr.
Tr.Tr.Tr.Tr.Tr.

See IV.
See IV.
See IV.
See IV.
See IV.
See IV.
See IV.
W. D. See II, VI.
Tr. See IV.
Died. See VI.
Tr. See IV.
Tr. See IV.
Died. See VI.
Tr. See IV.
Tr. See IV.
Term, one year, *.
Tr. See IV.
Tr. See IV.
Tr. See IV, VI.
Died. See VI.
See IV.
Tr. See IV.
Tr. See IV.
Tr. See IV.
W. Tr. See II, IV.

COMPANY B.

NAME. RANK. AGE.
Ephruim Kee  Captain. 25.
Andrew D. Braden  1st Lieut. 27.
Henry L. Niles  2d Lieut. 35.
Jonas E. Wannamaker.. 1st Sergt. 23.
William H. Forbis  Sergt. 22.

DATE OF
ENLISTMENT 1862.

Aug. 2.
July 19.
July 23.
Aug. 10.
Aug. 7.

REMARKS.
Died. See VI.
Pr. S. See I, IX, *
Resigned. See VII.
Killed. See VI.
Pr. S. See I, IX, *

APPENDIX.

Roster Company B— Continued.

NAME. RANK.
Merrit Emerson  Sergt.
Edward S. Palfreeman.. "
William Hughes  "
James M. Dickerman.... Corporal.

DATE OF
ENLISTMEN
AGE. 1862.
24. Aug. 8.
20. Aug. 10.
21. Aug. 2.
37. Alig. 12.
21. Aug. 10.
36. Aug. 12.
34, 19. Aug. 11.
31. Aug. 12.
23. Aug. 3.
22. Aug. 4.
22. Aug. 6.
22, Aug. 12.
43.
26. Aug. 4.
35. Aug. 10.
21. Aug. 7.
19. Aug. 12.
19. Aug. 6.
20.34. Aug. 10,
24.
23. Aug. 11.
23. "
24. Aug. 12.
19. Aug. 10.
19. 19. Aug. 8.
26. July 11.
21. Aug. 10.
21. Aug. 12.
20. Aug. 10.
26. Aug. 11.
18. Aug. 10.
21.20. Aug. 6.
21. Aug. 11.
18. 19. Aug. 10.
20. Aug. 11.
19, Aug. 10.
19.18. Aug. 7.
21. Aug. 10.
19.
35. Aug. 11.
32. 19. Aug. 10.
20. Aug. 11.
23. Aug. 9.
25. Aug. 10.
28. Aug. 8.
34. Aug. 10.
22. Aug. 11.
21. Aug. 3.
27. Aug. 7.
18. Aug. 11.
24. Aug. 10.
24. Aug. 8.
19. Aug: 11.
37.20. 18. 19. Aug. 10.
24. Aug. 2.
30. Aug. 8.
22. 37.
25. Aug. 3.

T REMARKS.
Pr. D. S. See I, VI, IX
Died. S. See VI, IX.
W. Tr. See II, IV.
Dis. See VII.
Dis. See VII.

George F. Center  "
John A. Ewalt 
Norval B. Cobb 

Dis. See VII.
Died. See VI.
Dis. See VII.
Dis, S. See VII, IX.

Dis. See VII.

Aaron I. Merritt  Musician
Clisby Ballard  Wagoner.

S. See IX, *.
*
Killed. See VI.

Beebe, Henry L  ¦'
Bell, Edward M  "

P. See III, VIII.
W. Dis. See II, VII.

Burlingame, Marcus .... "

*W.. *. See II, V.
Died. See VI.
W. D. See II, VI.

Dis. See VII.

* P. See III, *.

Crawford, James A  "

P. D. See III, VI..
Dis. See VII.

Dis. See VII.
Dis. See VII.
*
Dird. See VI.
Drennon, John  "
Killed. See VI.
*
*
Granger, George W. , "
Hillman, Hubert 11 , "
Hart. Seth  "
Hart, Sime: n  "
Hart, Adelbert  "
Hathaway, James W  "
Pr. Dis. See I, VII-
W. D. See II, VI.
W. See II. *.
Pr. See I, *.
*
* P. D. See III, VI.
W. D. See II, VII.
Killed. See VI
Hurst, Henry  "
Hultz, Wilson S 
Hadsell, Edwin  "
Hartman, Joseph  "
Kelley, Hugh R 
Kittridge, Isaiah S  "
Kennedy, Benjamin F\ .
Died. See VI.
Pr. See I, *.
P. See III, *
Died. See VI.
W. P. D. See II, III, VI
Dis. See VII.
Dis. See VII.
Killed. See VI.
W. Dis. See II, VII.
*. See V.
W. D. See II, VII
Tr. See IV.
Lowery, Hugh 
* P. See III, *.
Mayhugh, Benjamin H.. "
Mahannah, Harvey  "
P. Sec III, *.
* W. Dis. See II, VII.
P. Tr. Sec III IV
W; See II, *.
Oliver, 'Cyrus 
Tr. See IV.
P. Tr. See III, IV
Prentice, Edward  "
Phillips; Dwight B 
Percy, La iren A  ''
Perkins, Addison  "
Tr. See IV.
P. See i;i, VIII.
*Died. See VI.
Pr. W. See I, II. *
Pruden, Stephen  "
Dis. See VII.
Kil.'ed, See VI.
APPENDIX.

Roster Company B — Continued.

NAME. RANK.
Ragan, Ralph E,  Private.
Becker, Christopher F...
Rush, Daniel  "
Sage, Jatnes  "
Sager, Edward W  "
Scott, Hiram J  "
Stephenson, Homer  "
Sparks, Lorenzo H  "
Stowe, narmon W  "
Shafer, William J 
Shafer, Charles 
Shafer, Jacob  "
Smith, Benjamin F  "
Smith. John  "
Snodgrass, Hugh J  "
Stewart,, Charles  "
Thomas, George M  "
True, William C 
Taft, SjmuelK  "
Tuttle, Albert V  "
Tuttle, Osman B  "
Ulrich, Martin W  "
Williams, John S  "
Welsh, William C 
Wildman, John E  "
Walcottj Newton L  ¦'
Dayton, Charles R  "
Decker, William,  "
Harver, William  "
Heath, Henry  "
Jackson, Hugh W  "
Johnson, William H  "
Lake, Lafayette  "
Rawdon, Calvin L  "
'Rawdon, Martin B  "
Shafer, Morrison P  "
Weirman, Samuel  "

22. 28. 18.
44.
21.27. 18.19.
21. 19.
21. 19.19.20. 34. 24.39.24.31.20,22. 21. :.'(.). 19.19.
20.

23. 26. 18.18.
37. 18.
43. 41. 18.
20.

DATE OF
ENLISTMENT
a. 1862.
Aug. 10. *

REMARKS.

Killed. See VI.
Aug. 11. .;W. P. D. See II, III, VI
Aug. 6. Died. See "V I.
" Dis. See VII.
Pr. W. D. See I, II, VI.

Aug.
Aug. 7.
Aug. 11.
Aug. 10.
Aug. 6.
Aug. 7.
Aug. 11.
Aug. 4.
Aug. 10.

Tr. See IV.
Dis. See VII.

P. See II, IH, *
See III, *

See III, *
8. Pr. W. SeeJI, II,

Aug. 11.
Aug. 8.
Aug. 9.
Aug. 12. Killed. See VI.
Aug. 11. W. D. Seell, VI.
Aug. 10. *
Aug. 12. Pr. See I, *
Aug. 11. P. Dis. See III, VII.
Aug. 3. Pr. S. See I, IX, *
Aug. 10. P. D. See III, VI.
Aug. 9. P. See III, *
Aug. 10. Died. SeejVI.

Oct. 21, 1863
Feb.13, 1864
Mar.22,1864Jan. 5, 1864
Feb. 8,1864
Dec. 22, 1863
Feb. 8,1864
Jan. 4,1864
Jan. 2,1864
Feb. 9, 1864
Nov. 11, 1863

Tr. See TV.
Tr. StelV.
Tr. See IV.
Died. See VI.
Tr. See IV.
Tr. S. See IV,
Tr. See IV.
Tr. S. See IV, IX.
Tr. See IV.
Tr. See IV.
Tr. See IV.

, IX.

COilPANY C.

NAME. RANK.
Henry P. Gilbert  Captain.
Ambrose C. Mason  1st Lieut.
James H. Bard  2d Lieut.
Irvin Butler  1st Sergt.
Austin W. Wilson..  Sergt.
Jacob Turney  "
Charles C. Fowler  "
John Geddes  "
Robert D. Allen  Corporal.
Robert J. Stewart 
Lafayette Seaton  "
John B.Miller 
EvanLewis  "
Albert Jastatt  "
James G. Townsend 
Clinton ,F. Moore  "
Christian Hughes  Musician.
Thomas C. Hogle  "
Charles E. Miller  Wagoner.
Adams, William F  Private.
Brandt, John B 
Bartholomew, Erastus.. "
Blackmore, Samuel  "

DATE OF
ENLISTMENT
AGE. 1862.
44. July 16.
21. July 23.
38.19. Aug. 9.
23. Aug. 12.
31. Aug. 2.
35. Aug. 12.
25. Aug. 11.
31. Aug. 2.
25. Aug. II.
27. Aug. 2.
27. July 30.
30. Aug. 2.
28. Aug. 9.
23. Aug. 11.
20. Aug. 9. '
21. 19. Aug. 8.
32. Aug. 7.
26. Aug. 12.
35. Aug. 9.
42. Aug. 8.
38. Aug. 11.

REMARKS.
Res. See VII.
Pr. D. S. Sec I, VI.IX
Pr. Res. See I, VII.
Pr. Res, See I, VII.
Dis. See VII.
S. See IX, *
Red. See I, *
S. See IX, *
Pr. See I, *
W.' Dis. See II, VII.
Red. W. S. I, II, IX, *
Pr. W. See I, II, *
Red- S. See I, IX, *
W. See II, *
W. Dis. See.II, VII.
Pr. Seel,*
*Tr. See IV.
W. P. See II, HI, *
* Tr. See IV.
P. D. See III, VI-
Dis. See VII.

APPENDIX.

Roster Company C— Continued.

NAME. BJ
Burgess, John  '
¦Culver, James  '
¦Casper, Clarence D.. '

DATE OF
ENLISTMENT
INK. AGE. 1862.
'ate. 32. Aug. 7.
39. Aug. 11.
21. Aug. 12.
17.
28. Aug. 11.
26. Aug. 6.
38 "
22! Aug. 7.
24.23. Aug. 12.
23.
21. 19.
24. Aug. 10.
21. Aug. 8.
25. Aug. 9.
19. Aug. 8.
23. Aug. 12.
21. Aug. 9.
24. Aug. 11.
40.33. Aug. 9.
20. 20. Aug. 11.
29. Aug. 7.
31.21. Aug. 9.
23. Aug. 11.
23. Aug. 6.
28. Aug. 11.
26. Aug. 12.
27.20. Aug. 4.
25. Aug. 9.
23. Aug. 8.
19. Aug. 10.
21. Aug. 6.
19. Aug. 8.
20, 39. Aug. 9.
34. Aug. 15.
24. Aug. 12.
28. Aug. 9.
36.
¦ 28. 18. Aug. 11.
23. Aug. 15.
30. Aug. 6.
' 23. "
33.' Aug. 12.
20. Aug. 15.
34. Aug. 9.
19. Aug. 8.
22. Aug. 12.
18.
23. Aug. 4.
40. Aug. 6.
' 25. Aug. 9.
32.33. Aug. 6.
' 22. Aug. 8.
21. 19. Aug. 9.
29. Aug. 11.
24. 32.
21.44. Aug. 12.
25. Aug. 11.

REMARKS.
Dis. See VII.
Dis. See VII.
*
**

W. See II, *

W. D. See II, VI.

W. Dis. See II, VII.

Evans, William  '
Evans, Ezeriah  '

W. D. See II, VI.
*Pr.Red. Dis. See I,VH
* W. *. See II, V.

Dis. See VII.
Fuller, Harvey A  '
Godshall, William H ,,, '
Green, George W  '
¦Graham, William P  '
W. Dis. See II, VII
Dis. See VII,
Died. See VI.
*
Tr. See IV.
*
Hilands, Reuben B  '
Hull Hiram F 
W. Dis. See II, VII
Tr. See IV.
*
Hawley, Joel  '
Dis. See VII.
W. See II, *
Jack, William 
Jones, Thomas  '
Jessop, Thomas 
Jones, William  '
Kingsley, Jasper B 
Lawrence, Henry  '
Lewis, William 
Dis. See VII.
Dis. See VII.
* P. See III. *
Dis. See VII.
W. D. See II, VI.
W. See II, *
Dis. See VII.
P. .See III, *
*
P. D. See III, VI.
W. Dis. See II VII.
P. See III, VIII.
W. D. See II VI.
Died. See VI.
P. See III, *
Morris, William 
Manwaring, Morgan 
* See VIII.
Dis. See VII.
Price, Lemuel 
Phillips, Joseph 
Quigley, Thomas 
Rowlee, Robert A 
W. D. See II, VI.
Dis. See VII.
W. Dis. See II, VII.
W. Tr. See II, IV.
Pr. See I, *
Buppert, Samuel 
Roberts, John 
Pr. See I, *
P. See III, *
*
Bobinson, Thomas 
P. See III, VIII.
Kodgers, James 
Bichards, William T....
* See VIII.
P. See III *
Shook, Cornelius 
Seachrist, Isaiah 
W. D. See II, VI.
P. See III, *
P. See III, *
Dis. See VII.
* P. See III, *
P. D. See III, VL
Dis. See VII.
Dis. See VII.
Shealor, David J 
Stewart, Nelson O 
Smith, Thomas 
Stewart, James A 
APPENDIX.

Roster Company C — Continued.

NAME, RANK.
Thomas, Thomas A  Private.
Townsend, Charles W...
Tibbitts, Austin 
Vally, Adolphus  "
Whitehouse. Edward  "
Walker, Homer B  "
Walker, Samuel  "
Wambaugh, John  "
White, Andrew N  "
Canon, William  Private.
Davis, Gwilym  •'
Davis, Morgan 
Dice, George M  "
Heir, George 
Heir, Thomas  "
Richards, John B 
Thomas, John B  "
Webster, Daniel  "

DATE OF
ENLISTMENT
AGE. 1862.
19. Aug. 12.
17. Aug. 7.
24. Aug. 11.
30. Aug. 6.
27.20. Aug. 12.
22. Aug. 6.
20. Aug. 11.
18. Aug. 6.

26. Feb. 16,1864
21. Mar. 8,1865
21.
20. Jan. 15, 1864
Mar. 8, 1865
Feb. 21,1865
Feb. 22,1865
Feb. 21,1865
Feb. 2, 1S64

KEMARKS.
*W. Dis. See II, VII.
Pr. See I, *
W. K. See II, VI.
Tr. See IV.

W. Tr.
Killed.

See II. IV.
See VI.

24. 21. 33.23. 18.

Tr. See IV.
Period. Tr. See IV.
Tr. See IV.
See IV.
See IV.
See IV.
See IV.
See IV.
See IV.

Tr Tr.
Tr.Tr. Tr. Tr.

COMPANY D.
DATE OF
ENLISTMENT

NAME.

RANK.

AGE

. 1862.

George L. Riker 

.. Captain.

31.

July 24.

Henry H. Cummings....

.. 1st Lieut.

:.-,'.

July 25.

.. 2d Lieut.

:'H,

July 24.

Stanley B. Lockwood...

.. 1st Sergt.

22.

Aug. 10.

,. Sergt.

25.

Aug. 8.

Solomon D. Williams...

"

43.

Aug. 10.

William D Curtis 

"

37.

Aug. 6.

"

35.

Aug. 10.
July 28.

.. Corporal.
21.
Robert N. Shepherd....
,L
22.
"
Seth Weeks 
"
37
Aug. 6.
• *
33.
Aug. 12.
"
30.
Aug. 7.
George W. Jewell 
"
29.
Aug. 10.
Harlan P. Hall 
"
20.
Aug. 8.
"
28.
Aug. 6.
Hendrick E. Paine.- 
. Musician.
18.
July 31.
William E. Stickney ....
"
28.
Aug. 9.
,. Wagoner.
19.
"
. Private.
47.
Aug. 13.
"
27.
Aug. 12.
"
37.
Aug. 11.
Allen, Minor A 
"
21.
"
Alderman, Victor 
"
24.
Aug. 12.
Allen, Henry D 
"
20.
Aug. 11.
**
23,
Aug. 10.
Back, Ferdinando C 
"
25.
July 22.
Baker. Edwin N 
"
20.
Aug. 10.
"
IK
Brooks, Eugene 
"
26.
Aug. 12.
Brookins. Norman L....
"
19.
Aug. 7.
Brooks, Samuel 
"
20.
Aug. 6.
"
"1
Barnes, Calvin 
"
19.
Aug. 12.
Belden, Francis E 
"
¦«.
Aug. 13.
"
20
Aug. 3.
Callender, John E 
"
21.
Aug. 5.
Carpenter, Thomas W...
"
21.
"
Cady, Fordyce W 
"
18.
"
Canfield, Henry F 
"
19.
Aug. 8.
Chesney, Samuel P 
"
21.
July 28.
REMARKS.
W. R. See II, VII.
Pr. See I, *, Capt.
W. P. Res. See II, III,
VII.
Pr.W. See I,II,*,R.Q.M
Dis. See VII.
W. D. See II, VI.
Tr. See IV.
*, S. See V, IX.
See VIII.
Pr. See I, *
Pr. *. See I, V.
Dis. See VII.
W. Dis. See II, VII.
Dis. See VII.
Tr. See IV.
W. Tr. See II, IV.
Dis. See VII.
* W. Dis. See II, VII.
Dis. See VII.
*W. *. See II, V.
*
See VIII
Dis. See VII.
Dis. See VII.
Tr.. See IV.
W. Dis. See II, VII.
W. Dis. See II, VII.
Killed. See VI.
*
W.P.Dis.See II.IH.VII
Dis. See VII.
* P. D. See III, VI.
Pr. K. See I, VI.
S. See IX, *
Dis. See VII.
Tr. See IV.
Pr. W. See I, II, *
W. Dis. See II VII.
APPENDIX.

Roster Company D— Continued.

NAME R.
Crandall, Charles  Pr
Doolittle, Charles E 
Doty, David 
Dart, William H 
Si well, Isaac 
Forgus, Melaucthon L .
Grover, Alonzo 
Grover, Almoic 
Gates, Levi H 
Garner, Frederick K......
Giddings, Anson 1-2 
Hall, AlBert 
Hall, Henry 
Hall, James E 
Hall, Edwin 
Hickson, George 
Hopkins, Floyd 
Jackson, Stew-aft D 
Johnson, William W 
Kerr, Moses 
Knowles, Alfred A 
Lamport, Benjamin G...
Lewis, George E 
Martin, John 
Morse, Bliss 
Morrison, John 
Mayhew, Edwin H 
McVilty, Joseph 
Nash, Harris >n 
Nash, Aver W 
Nash, Daniel P 
Pelton, Watson 
Philbrook, Charles H...'...
Pierce, George E  '...
Potts. Samuel J 
Place, Ira. .-. 
Price, Walter 
Palmer, Edwin 
Prouty, Lucius A 
Raymond, Alfred 
Randall, Walter 
Rockafello rv, Oscar H... '
Reynolds, George W 
Sager, Harvey C 
Spring, Charles B 
Sills, Joshua H 
Turner. Charles 
Tinan, Orlando W 
Taylor, James H 
Teachout, Marshall A..
Tanner, Harvey 
"Upton, William R 
Vickers, Frederick 
Warren, Albert C 
Webster, Francis 
Wells, Walter C 
Wakelee, Oscar R 
Wellman, Alonzo 
Wakelee, Arthur B 
Ward, Elmer H 

Back, Fernando C...
Barnard, Philo 
Lockwood, Pulaski..
Paine, Alvin B 
Swayne, John 
Wakelee, Byron 

DATE of "
ENLISTMENT
AGE.

1 <62.
Aug. 12

Au -. 8.
Alt;, 5.
Aug. '.'.
Aug. 10.
Aug. 4.
?.. Aug. 12.
(i. Aug. 6.
8. Aug. 12.
9.-' Aug. '.).

3 V

21). Aug

H.

25. Aug. 12.
21. Aug. 13.
36. Aug. 10.
21. 22. Aug. 9.
25. Aug. 1.
Aug. 10.
18. Aug. 8.
Aug. 13.

2-1

Aug. 10.

ix.
20.25,

20. Aug. 5.
18. Aug. 9-
21. Aug. 13.
26. Aug. 8.
27. Aug. 13.
25. Aug. 10.
38. Aug. 6.
24..-, Aug. 10.
23. 35.
20.22.
21. Aug. 9.
24. Aug. 4.
18. Aug. 5,
29. "
37. Aug. 8.
18. Aug. 4.
25. Aug. 5.
18. Aug. 4.
33. Aug. 6.
24. Aug. 10.
18. Aug. 12.
20. 25. Aug.;i0.
24. 19. Aug. 9.
19. 19. Aug. 12.
31. Aug. 6.
23. Aug. 9.
37. Aug. 10.
19. Aug. 8.
19. Aug. 9.

RECRUITS.

REMARKS

Died.
Pr. *

See VI.
See I, V.

43. 18.
36. 18.
18.18.

Dec. 28,
Mar. 28,
Deo. 31,
Mar. 22,
Dec. 29,
Dec. 29,

Dis. Sei.- VII.
Dis. Sf.' \"11.
See VIII.
P. Tr. See III, IV
* Dis. See VII.
Killed. See VI.
P. Tr. Se.' Ill, IV.
Died. S.e VI.
P. Tr. S-eIII,IV.
Tr. See IV.
Dis. S .¦, VII.
Dis. See VII.
See VIII.
P. See III. *
Killed. See VI.
KilUd. See VI.
*Died. Sec VI.
W. D. Sec II, VI.
W. D. See II, VI.
Pr. P. See I, III, *
See VIII.
Died. See VI.'
W. Dis. See II, VII. '
W. Dis. See II, VII.
Died. See VI.
Killed. See VI.
W. Dis. See II, VII.
Dis. See VII.
W. See- 1-L.yiII.
W. See Hv*
W. See II, *
Died. See-VI.
Died. See VI.
W. D. See II. VI.
See VIII.
W. See II, VIII.
Dis. See VII.
Tr. See IV.
Dis. See VII.
W. Dis. See II, VII.
P. See III. *
Dis. See VII.
*Pr. See I, *
Pr.W.P. See I, II, III,*
Dis. See VII.
Dis. See VII.
W. *. See II, V.
Dis. See VII.
W. SeeH,*
Tr. See IV.
W. *,S. See II, V, IX.
Tr. See IV.
W. *. See II, V.
Died. See VI.

1863 Tr. See IV.
1864 Dis. See VII.
1863 Tr. See IV.
1864 Died. See VI.
1863 Tr. See IV.
1863 Tr. See IV.

APPENDIX.

Roster Company H.
DATE OF
ENT1STMENT
NAME. RANK. AGE. 1862.
Byron W. Canliekl  Captain. 26. July 24.
William R. Tuttle  1st Lieut. 25. July 9.
John A. Osborn  2d Lieut. 26. Aug. 6.
John C. Hathaway  1st Sergt. 31. Aug. 6.
La Royal T.ivlor  Sergt. 35.
Julius A. Moliatt  "" 31.
Edward Patchm  " 29. Aug. 8.
James A. Mowrey  " 29. Aug. 9.
Dean D. Tucker  Corporal. 22. Aug. K.
George D. Elder  " 21. Aug. II.
Charles C. Hitchcock  18.
Jonas Alshouse  ' 41. Aug. 5.
Stephen Patchin  21. Aug. 11.
Miles J. Whitney  ,. 19. Aug. 4.
Fernando C. Conley  ¦¦ 35. Aug. 7.
Philo Boughton  " 31. Aug. 12.
Milton L. Maynard  Musician. 28. Aug. 11.
Albert Dickerman  " 22. July 28.
Albert A. Champlin  Wagoner. 22. Aug. II.
Ayers. Josiah  Private. 21. Aug. 5.
Alexander, Festus  " 18. Aug. 2.
Alberts, Washington  " 18. Aug. 3.
Alshouse. William  ' 32. Aug. 6.
Bowers, David C  ' 21. July 24.
Brewer, Justin  " 21. July 30.
Bagg, Wilford A  " 24.
Button. Justin  " 21. Aug. 5.
Bond, Joel D  " 35. Aug. 6.
Bridgeman, Ansel O  " 23. Aug. 7.
Beckwith, James  " 27. Aug. 11.
Bridgeman,' Edward S.... " 26. Aug. 12.
Case, Gideon  '• 18. Aug. 5.
¦Cutts, Jesse  " 30. Aug. 11.
Dickerson, Alonzo L  " 23. Aug. t.
Dixon, Madison  " 20. Aug. 7.
Dusenbury, Oscar  " 19. Aug. 11.
Dayton, William  " 21. Aug. 12.
Eggleston, Wellington... " 21. ''
Fowler, Justin  " 23. Aug. 5.
Frazier, Calvin  " 21.
Fleming, James H  "- 28. Aug. 11.
Fisher, OmiL  " 33.
Grant, Presered H  " 20. July 26.
Griste, Luman  " 18. Aug. 7.
Hayden, Eugene  " 20. Aug. 8.
Hathaway, Gilbert B... " 25. Aug. 1.
Hale, William H  - 22. Aug. 4.
Hitt, Oliver  " 22. Aug. 7.
Hill, Almon  " 19. Aug. 8.
Hill, Elisha  " 23. Aug. 11.
Humiston, John F  " 23.
Hilbert Percival  " 18. Aug. 12.
Hayes, Elisha W  " 23.
Jones, Delavan  " 26. Aug. 7.
Johnson, Austin  " 20. i Aug. 6.
Knox, Dexter  " 18. Aug. 8.
King, John Harvey  " 18. July 28.
King, Eleazar A  " 28. Aug. 4.
Logan, Henry  " 19. Aug. 5.
Ladow, Sylvester  " 22.
Ladow, Henry  " 19. "
Langston, Henry  " 19- Aug. 11.
Latim»r, Olney P  " 26. Aug. 12.
:McFarland, McKendr c < " 20. Aug. 5.
McMaughton, John  ' 18. Aug. 12.
McNaughton, James A.. ' 20.
Mack, Charles B  " 18.
Norton, James H  " 30. Aug. 1.

REMARKS.
W. P. Res. See II, III,
VII,
Pr. See I, *. C'apt.Co-H
Res. See VII.
Dis. See VII.
Pr. Dis. See I. VII.
Pr. Res. See I, VII.
W.Dis.S. SeeII,VII,IX
Red. See I, III, *
Pr. See I, IX *
Pr. See I, *
Killed. See VI.
Red. Tr. See I. IV.
Pr. See I. *
S. Dis. s> e IX VII.
Red. Tr. See I, IV.
Discharged. See VII.
* Pr, See I. *. Adjnt.
P. See III. *
W. D. See II, VI.
Died. See VI.
W. D. See II, VI.
*Killed. See VI.
Tr. See IV.
D. S. See VI. IX.
W. Dis! See II, VII.
Died. See VI.
P. D. See III, VI.
Died. See VI.
Died. See VI.
W. D. See II, VII.

Died. See VI.
Pr. See I, *
P. D. See III, VI.
See III, V.
See VII.
See VII.

P. *
Dis,Dis.

Died. See VI.
*Pr.W.Dis. Seel.ILVII
W. Dis. See II, VII.
Dis. See VII.
S. K. See IX, VI.
W. Dis. See II, VII.
P. See III, *
* Pr.W.S. See I, II, IX,*
Dis. See VII.
P. Tr. See III, IV.
W. *. See II, V.
Died. See VI.
W. D. See II, VI.
Dis. See VII.
W. *. See II, V.
Tr. See IV.
W. *. See II, V.
W. Dis. See II, VII.
W. Seen,*
W. Dis. See II, VII.
P. See III, *
Pr. W. See I, II, *.
Pr. See I, *
*Tr. See IV.

APPENDIX.

Rostei
NAME. I
Osborn, David 

¦ Company E— Cont
DATE OF
ENLISTMENT
lANK. AGE. 1862.
22. Aug. 9.
41. Aug. 5.
20. 19.
24. Aug. 6.
19.
34. Aug. 8,
16. Aug. 11
21. Aug. 8.
21. July 30.
21. Aug. 5.
21. Aug. 8.
29. Aug. 11.
19.
23.
22. Aug. 4
21. Aug. 5
24.21. Aug. 7
20. Aug. 8.
18. Aug. 9
23. Aug. 11.
20.29. Aug. 12.
19. Aug. 7.
30. Aug. 11.
19.
25.30. Aug. 6
34.
35. 35. Aug. 9
18. Aug. 12
RECRUITS. 18. Dec. 28, 186:
18. Dec. I, I8«

inued. REMARKS.
Killed. See VI.
P See III, *

Pugsley, John 
Phillips, George W
Porter, Tilden W 
Phillips, Robert 
Pease, Sherman 

Dis. See VII.
Died. See VI.
* W. Dis. See II, VII.
Pr. Seel,*
*
Pr. P. K. See I, III, '

Quiggle, Oscar P 

*

W. *. See II, V.

Reid, Daniel J 
Strickland, Waller 
Stillwell, William 
St. John, George 

P. See III.*
Dis. See VII.
Died. See VI.
P. D. See III, VI.
P. See III, *
Killed. See VI.
W. See 11. *

Strong, Elmer 
Stocking, John K 
Stocking. Charles H 
Taylor, Lester D 
Townsley. Philetus 

Died. Sie VI,
Dis. See VII,
W. See II. *
W. Dis. See II, VII.
Pr. Sec I. *
W. Seell.*
Dis. See VII.

W. D. See II, VI.

Way, Averill 

Died. See VI.
P. See III *

Webb, Ezra 
Webb. Sylvester 
Watrous, Samuel N 
Patchin. David  :.

W. Dis Seell. VII.
W. See II, VIII
W. Dis. See II, VII.
Killed. See VI.
S Tr. See IV.
! Tr. See I V.

COHPANY F.

NAME. RANK.
Sherburn H Williams.. Captain.
Alfred G. Wilcox  1st Lieut
Lester D Burbank  2d Lieut.
Norman D. Smith  IstSergt.
Charles R Brown  Sergt.
David C. Beardsley..
Harrison J. Fuller 
Frederick T Cook ... "
James W.Allen  i. Corporal
Michael Cooney 
George I. Squeir  "
Lathrop A. Johnson "
Dwight H Woodard 
Edwin R More
Henry B Pitner 
Isaac D. L Schram  •'
Daniel F. Hopkins  Musician
Charles Sheldon .. "
Ara B Drake  Wagoner.
Auxer. John H Private
Auxer, Stephen D . .
Barnes, James 
Basley, George W 

DATE OF

ENLISTMENT
AGE.
1862.
REMARKS.
35
Aug. 1.
Resigned See VII.
21,
Aug. 8
Pr. See I, * Capt.
35
July 25.
Resigned See VII
34
Aug. 5
Pr. See I. * Ist Lieut.
26,
July 29.
Pr. P. See I. III. *
26
Aug 5.
W. * See II. V
21
Aug 11.
W. D. See II, VI
23
Aug 7
*
3(1 -
¦ Aug 5-
Pr. W. See I, II, *
44
"
Dis. See VII.
23
Aug 12
Dis. See VII.
27
Aug 7
Pr See I. *.
30
"
Red WP Seel, 11. Ill,*
30
Aug 13
Died. See VI
19
Aug 7
Pr. See I, *
27
Aug. 4
*
29.
Aug, 8
Dis. See. VII.
27
Aug 15
*
27.
'•
Dis See VII.
19
Aug, 7,
W. Tr Seell. IV.
20
"
Dis See VII.
23.
Aug. 6.
P. D. See III, VI.
22.
Aug, 7,
Died. See VI.
APPENDIX.

Roster Company F— Continued

NAME.
Barlass, Robert B . . . .
Brindle, James M- 
Brown, Arthur L 
Ball, Joseph 
Bottin, Ellas T 
Burnett, Isaac 
Ball, Thomas 
Branch, Edward P 
Brewster, Oliver R 
Button. Jared 
Clark, Nathan T 
Call, Francis M 
Cassidy, John 
Crawford, Emery.. .
Crofford, Stephen H. . .
Caley, Charles 
Cbilds. Jarius 
Colgrove, Melvln J 
Cooley, Levi 
Downing, John D 
Doolittle, Charles F. . .
Davidson, Erastus... .
Dimmick, Orlando 
Ely, Ira 
Foote, Loami M 
Fales, Frank 
Greenfield, Judson 
Gardner, James W 
Green, Horace 
Granger. Franklin... .
Hale. Elias B 
Hausch. John 
Haver, Thomas T 
Holmes, Hiram A 
Huston, Emmet C 
Keyes, Anson 
Kelsey, Arthur 
King, Nelson 
King, Josiah 
Lester. David 
Lemunyan, Smith H. . .
McClintock, Charles W
Morton, Henry 
McElwain, Edwin W...
Marsh, Henry 
Morse, John H 
Martin. George 
Malone Sydney D 
Newcomb, Frank E 
Newcomb, Selah W 
Nye, Ira 
Odell, David W 
Payne, Wallace B 
Phelps, Franklin W . . .
Phillips, Albert 
Parks, John 
Prouty, Royal 
Richmond, William 
Randall. James G. .
Radcliff , Charles 
Schram. Watson S 
Sharpe, George H 
Smith, Frederick 
Smith. Marsh, Jr 
Sweet, Benjamin F 
Slayton. William T. .
Simmons, Reuben M.
Snediker, Orrin 

DATE OF

ENLISTMENT,

RANK. AGE

1862.

REMARKS.

Private. 21.

July 26.

W. D. See II, VI.

21.

July 28.

*

32.

Aug. 7,

Dis. See VII.

21

July 26.

Killed. See VI.

18.

Aug. 2.

Killed. See VI.

18.

Aug. 4.

P. D. See III, VI.

34.

Aug. 5.

Died. See VI.

18.

Aug. 11.

Dis. See VII.

21.

"

W. D. See II, VI.

19.

Aug. 2.

Dis. See VII.

19

July 25.

W. P. See II, III, *

18

July 30.

Tr. See IV.

36.

Aug. 5.

Tr. See IV.

18

Aug. 6.

W.P.Dis. See 11,111, VII

30.

Aug. 7.

*

23.

Aug. 6

W. P. See 11,111, *

30

"

Pr. K. See I, VI.

18.

"

Dis. See VII.

30.

Aug. 10.

Dis. See VII.

24

Aug. 15.

W. P. See II. Ill, *

19.

"

P. K. See III, VI.

24

July 25.

P. See III. *

25.

Aug. 14.

W. P. Tr. Seell.III.lV

39

Aug. 6.

Pr.W.P. Seel, II, III,*

19.

Aug. 7

Tr. See IV.

19

"

Tr. See IV

19,

Aug 6

P. See III, -

32

Aug. 11.

*

26.

July 30.

P. See III, *

22.

Aug. 7.

See VIII.

42.

Aug. II.

Killed See VI

28.

Aug. 9.

Dis See VII.

28.

July 25.

Killed. See VI.

.i OO

July 30.

Dis See VII.

311

Aug. 4.

Killed See VI.

35

Aug. 11.

Dis. See VII.

19.

July 25.

P.Dis. See III, VII.

21.

Aug. 1.

*

23

Aug. 6.

See I. II. Ill, VI.

30.

Aug. 5

Pr. W. See I, II, *

22.

Aug. 7.

*

18.

Aug. 5.

W. D. See II, VI

17.

Aug. 7.

Dis. See VII

24,

Aug. 7.

W. Dis See II. VII

19.

Aug 6.

W. P. See II, III, VIII.

21.

Aug. 5.

Dis. See VII.

24.

Aug. 8.

W. P. D. See II, III, VI.

33.

July 30.

See VIII.

21.

Aug. 4.

Tr. See IV.

19.

"

W. D. Seell. VI.

20.

Aug 12.

Killed See VI.

21.

Aug. 1.

W. See II, *

18.

Aug. 4.

P. See III. *

19.

Aug. 7.

Dis. See VII.

21

July 25.

W. Dis. See II, VII.

23.

Aug. 6.

Dis. See VII.

19.

"

Dis. See VII.

25.

Aug 11

W. Dis. See II, VII.

21.

Aug. 6.

W. Dis. See II, VII.

18

July 30.

W. * See II, V.

19

July 25.

P. See III, *

21.

July 26.

*

35

July 31.

Killed. See VI.

18.

Aug. 5.

Dis. See VII.

22.

Aug. 6

Dis. See VII,

21.

"

Dis. Sec VII.

28

Aug. 7.

*

26.

Aug. K

*

xxii

APPENDIX.

Roster Company F— Continued.

NAME
Sober, Austin 
Sober, Spencer 
Strong, Orestes L , ,
Tanner, Henry H 
Tullv, William 

DATE 0
ENTISTME
RANK. AGE. 1862.
. . Private. 18. Aug. 12,
19 Aug, 8,
21. Aug. 14.
21 Aug. 12.
21. Aug. 7.
18. 19. Aug. 5
21. Aug. 4
31. Aug. 4.
KECBUITS. 18 Feb. 2,
19. Jan. 5,
24. Jan. 5,
18. Jan. 2,
19. Jan. 5,
18, Jan. 26,
21. Jan. 10, :
18. Jan. 12,
18. Jan. 13,
19. Jan. 29,
18. Dec.28,
18. Jan. 26, :
20, Jan. 29, ,
24. Feb. 21,
19 Jan, 5, 1
COMPANY Q.
DATE
ENLIST
RANK. AGE. 186
Captain. 20. June 27.
1st Lieut. 24 July 11.
2d Lieut. 24
1st Sergt, 22 July 23
. Sergt. 24. July 15
24
i. .» ..
25. July 26.
Corporal, 19. July 21.
21. July 24.
24. Aug. 7.
20. July 26.
22 Aug. 6.
21 Aug. 2
20 July 20.
26. July 24
, Musician. 18 Aug. 9.
19 Aug. 8.
, Wagoner. 20 July 25
. Private. 22 Aug. 6
23 July 16.
27 Aug. 7.
20. Aug. 6
18 Aug, 5.
' 19
20 July 26
18 Aug. 6.
24. Aug. 4
32. Aug. 2
29 Aug. 6.
39 July 31.
19. Aug. I
18 Aug. 6.
21 Aug. 5

FNT REMARKS
Dis. See VII.
Dis. See VII.
Died. See VI.
Dis. See VII.
See VIII
Dis. See VII.

Waller, Harrison. ,..
Waters, Rolltn A....
Young. Benjamin 
Blood. Adomo 
Cousins. Levi B 
Doty. William 

W.D. Seell, VI.
Tr. See IV
Dis. See VII.
1864 Tr. See IV.
1864 Tr. See IV.
1864 P. Tr. See I, IV.
1864 Tr. See IV.

Gray, Charles 
Hobert, Mareene 
Kelsey. Arthur 
Manchester, Lyman...
Pierce. Alison I 
Rand.Cassius M 
Riley. Charles H 

1864 Tr. See IV.
1864 Tr. See IV.
1864 Tr. See II. IX, IV.
1864 Tr. See IV.
1864 Tr. See IV.
1864 Tr. See IV.
1863 Tr. See IV.
1864 Tr. See IV.
1864 Tr. See IV.

NAME.
William S. Crowell
Albion W. Tourgee.. ..
E. Abbott Spaulding ....
Wilbur F. Thompson...
Joseph R Warner 
William B. Braman ... .
Benjamin F. Cushing...

1864 Tr. See IV.
!864 Tr. See IV.
OF
MENT 2. REMARKS.
Res. S. See VII, IX
See II, III. VII, IX
See I. II, VI, Co E.
Red. Pr. S. See I. IX
See I. *
W. Dis See II. VII
W. Dis See II, VII.
Killed See VI

William H. Barnes 
Orson L. Marsh 
George L. Felch 
Norris L. Gage 
Orlando G. Clark
Daniel H. H. Wheaton..
Charles W. Butler 

Red. Tr. See I. IV.
P. Dis. See III, VII.
Pr. Dis. See I, VII
Died. See VI.
W. Dis, Seell, VII.
Dis. See VII.
W. Dis. Seell, VII,
Dis. See VII.
*

Jerome B. Hawkins .....
Anderson, Charles W...

S. See IX, VIII
Died. See VI
Dis. See VII.
P. See III VIII

W. Tr. See II, IV

Dis. See VII.

Brooks. Edgar C 
Butt. Jerry 
Benjamin. Lovistue J,
Blood, John C 

* Pr. Red. See I, *
P. See III. *
Dis. See VII,
Pr. Tr. See I, IV.

See II. III. VI

Died See VI
P. Tr. See III. IV.
Chaptn. Stephen W 
Canfield, Burroughs
W. D. See 11, VI.
P. D. See III, VI.
Dis. See VII
APPENDIX.

Roster
NAME. 11.
Crater, Oscar F  Pr
Cowles, Edwin R 
Chapman, Zephauiah
Cheney, George W.

Compan
wNK. AGE
vate. 39.
22. 24.21.
18. 19.
3). 26.
21.23. 18.
21.
2J. 2).
24. 18.
22.25. 19.19.
19.
21, 2-i.
24.33.21.30. 18.
21. 18.
30.
23.22. 18.
20.39.
20.27. 30. 19.19.
19.18.
31.
23. 18.
20.21. 18.
20.29.32. 18.
39.
26. 18.
23. 19.
19. 19.
34. 19.
37.
25.20. 18.
26.

y a -Com
DATE OF
ENLISTMEN1 1862.
July 22.
July 24.
July 17.
Aug. 4.
Aug. 2.
Julv 15.
July 24.
Aug. 6.
Aug. 2.
Aug. 6.
Aug. 2.
Atlg._ 7.
Aug. 5.
Aug. 2.
July 20.
Aug. 6.
July 24.
Aug. 5.
Aug. 1.
Aug. 0.
Aug. 1.
Aug. 5.
July 16.
Aug. 5.
Aug. 6.
Aug. 5.
July 24.
July 30.
Aug. I.
Aug. 7.
Aug. 6.
Aug. 7.
Aug. 6.
Aug. 7.
Aug. 5.
Aug. 6.
July 26.
July 31.
Aug. 6.
Aug. 7.
Aug. 6.
Aug. 7.
Aug. 5.
July 16.
July 25.
Aug.- 5.
Aug. 7.
July 23.
Aug. 4.
Aug. 7.
Aug. 6.

inued. REMARKS.
Pr. See I. *
Died. Sec VI.
W. Seell,*
Died. See VI.
Pr. See I. * Q. M. S.
W. P. D. See II, III, VI
Tr. See IV.
P. See III, VIII.
* Tr. See IV.
P. See III, *
W. D. See II, VI.
*W. D. See II, VI.
Pr. See I. * Com. Sgc
W. Dis. See II, VII.

Devoe, William P 
De Wolf, William
De Wolf, John W 

Eaton, Irvin 

Pox, Daniel M 
Gant, William H 

Galbraith, Elbert P
Gifford, Harley N 

Greenough, John R 
Gould. Daniel C 

Pr. See I. *

Giddings, Francis W 
Glancy, Charles A 

* W. Tr. See II, IV.
Pr. See I. *
Dis. See VII.

Heath, Adoniram J 

W. See II, *
Dis. See VII.

Jones, James L 
Kirby, George 
Kenney, Snel 

• P. D. S. See III, VI, III
Tr. See IV.
W. D. See II, VI.
Killed. See VI.

Merritt, Eltphalet
Morgaridge, Reuben

W. Dis. See II, VII.
Dis. See VII.
Pr. See I. * Capt. Co. D
Tr. See IV.

McCreary, Harrison 
Mills, Allison W 
"Nichols, Hezekiah 
Northway, Sherman

W. Dis. See II, VII.
Pr. See I. *
Died. See VI.
Dis. See VII.
Dis. See VII.

Newboe, Edgar 
Olds, William C 

Dis. See VII.
Pr. See I. *

Piper, Delos S 

Killed. See VI.
Died. See VI.

* * See V.

Pettibone, Francis A.,

P. D. See III, VI.
*Pr. See I. *

Richmond, Sherman S...
Rogers, William 
Bood, Orville A  '

* See V.
Dis. See VII.
P. See III. *
Dis. See VII.

P. Tr. See III, IV.

Shipman, Wilson D  '
Smith, Jerome L 
Shepherd, Horace 
Sill, John S 

Died. See VI.
W. D. See II, VI.
Dis. Se? VII.
*Dis. See VII.
Tr. See IV.

Killed. See VI.
Shultz, Jacob  '
Swartout, Lacy  '
Stoll, Henry C 
* Tr. See IV.
W. P. * See II, III, V.
Died. See VI.
Thompson, Lamonzo  '
Waterman, William A... '
Waterman, Adna  '
Pr. See I. *
W. D. Seell, VII.
W. D. See II, VI.
W. D. See II, VII.
APPENDIX.

Roster Company G— Continued.

Henry Adams  2d Lieut.
Fuller, George V  Private.
Fuller, Martin H  "
Munn, Herman D  "
Parker, William H 
Richardson, George N....
Sweet, Jesse M 
Torry, Seneca D  "
Whitmore, Chauncey  "
Williams, Milton  ''

Oct.

IK.

Jan.

21.

Jan.

32.

Jan.

44.

Jan.

26.

Dec.

27.

Jan.

31.

Jan.

18.

Jan.

19.

Dec.

8,1862 Civilian app't. D. See VI
2.1864 W. D. Seell, VI.
2,1864 Tr. See IV.
5,1864 Tr. See IV.
5,1864 Dis. See VII.
22,1863 Died. See VI.
5,1864 W. Tr. S. See II, IV, IX
5,1864 Tr. See IV.
4,1864 Died. See VI.
22,1863 Tr. See IV.

COflPANY H.

DATE OF
ENLISTMENT
NAME. HANK. AGE,
Robert Wilson  Captain. 40.
William H. Clark  1st Lieut. 27.
John C. Hartzell  2d Lieut. 24.
Ira F. Mansfield  1st Sergt. 20.
Florentine M. Simon  Sergt. 19.
JohnMeharg  " 22.
Amos Cobbs  " 34.
Abram S. McCurley  " 24.
James S. Caldwell  Corporal. 20.
Joseph Carbaugh  " 23.
Horace G. Ruggles  " 20.
William K. Mead  " 27.
Manassas Miller  " 24.
Andrew Geddes  " 24.
Almon Eastman  " 28.
Henry R. Myer  " 23,
Samuel Bright....!  Musician. 19.
William M. Taylor  " 23.
David Bricker  Wagoner. 44.
Armstrong, William T... Private. 20.
Allen, Joseph S  " 24.
Allen, Jesse F  " 30.
Bennett, Thomas  " 25.
Boyle, George V  " 19.
Brown, Frederick  " 23.
Bellard, John H  " 26.
Boughton, Horace  " 18.
Buchecker, Jacob  " 23.
Brenaman, Constantine. " 19.
Baker, Sylvester  " 19.
Baker, William H  " 19.
Cessna, John W  " 22.
Cobbs, Eli  " 19.
Courtney, Frederick  " 26.
Dean, Benjamin  " 31.
Dull, George M  " 32.
Ellenger.JohnF  " 18.
Fngle, Zimri  " 21.
Flaugher, Joseph H  " 22.
Fishel, Eben B  " 19.
Fishel, Solomon  " 18.
Grossman, John  " 20.
Hartman, Nathan  " 19.
Harrison, Jeremiah  " 25.
Hartzell, Joshua  " 18.
H.iyes, David  " 21.
Hornstine, Bacilla  " 18.
Hunt, Alfred  " 21.
Hunt, Chauncy M  " 18.
Hutton, Henry  " 18
Ingling, William D  " 18.

1862.

REMARKS.

Aug. 9.

Killed. See VI.

July 23.

Res. See VII, Co. E

Aug. 5.

Pr. *. See I, V.

Aug. 9.

Pr. W. See I, II. *.

July 24.

W. Dis. See II, VII.

Aug. 11.

Pr. See I, *.

Aug. 8.

Red. See I, *

Aug. 9.

W. See II. *

Aug. 5.

Pr. See I, *

Aug. 11.

Pr. See I, *

"

Dis. See VII.

Aug. 1.

P. See III, *

Aug. 9.

W. See II, *

Aug. 5.

W. See II. *.

Aug. 11.

Tr. See IV.

.,

Dis. See VII.

July 28.

*
Dis. See VII.

Aug. 8.

Killed. See VI.

Aug. 11.

*

July 30.

Dis. See VII.

Aug. 6.

Pr. Red. Dis. See I, VII

Aug. 9.

*

Aug. 11.

Pr. Seel,*

"

Killed. See VI.

Aug. 9.

W. See II, *

Aug. n.

*

"

W. D. See II, VI.

Aug. 5.

*

Aug. (5.

*

Aug. 9.

Tr. See IV.

Aug. 11.

Died. See VI.

"

Pr. See I. *

"

P. See III, *

"

W. See II, *.

Aug. 5.

*. See V.

Aug. 11.

Died. See VI.

Aug. 20.

*

"

P. See III. *.

Aug. 5.

Killed, See VI.

Aug. C.

P. See III. *

Aug. 9.

P. See III. *

Aug. 11.

P. See III, *

"

W. K. See II, VI.

Aug. 20.

W. Tr. See II, IV.

Aug. 11.

Tr. See IV.

Aug. 9.

P. See III, VIII.

Aug. 6.

W. D. See II, VI.

APPENDIX.

Roster Company H— Continued.

DATE OF
ENLISTMENT
NAME. RANK. AGE. 1862.
Kaiser, Frank  Private. 21. Aug. 11.
Kirkbride, James  " 25. "
Kirkbride, Joseph  " 23. "
Kirkbride, Asher  " 18. "
Kirk, Robert A  " 2-1. "
Marlow, William T  ' 19. Aug. 9.
Myers, Jonathan  25. Aug. 6.
Miller, Addison  ' 21. Aug. 9.
Mathias, Edmund H  " 27. Aug. 7.
Middleton, Will. am H... " 21. Aug. 11.
McCurley, James  " 21.
Musser, Hazard  " 18. "
McCurley. John C  " 19. "
Mathers, James T  " 19.
Nesbitt, John W  " 22. "
Nay lor, James B  " 20. Aug. 0.
Naylor, William H  " *2. Aug. 8.
Noble, Homer  " 20. Aug. 9.
Ovington, John R  " 22. Aug. 1.
Owen, Eli J  " 22.
Park, James  " 20. Aug. II.
Price, Charles D  " 18. Aug. 6.
Rummel, Joseph  " 21. Aug. 9.
Raub, Samuel K  " 18.
Roahr, Charles  " 20. Aug. 11.
Raub, Isaac C. P  " 20.
Sherman, Albert A  " 18. July 23.
Shuick, George W  " 22. Aug. 6.
Stratton, Evi  " 21. Aug. 8.
Shields, nomer J  " 20. Aug. 11.
Strawn, Charles D  " 24. "
Stewart, Royal M  " 21. Aug. 9.
Stutter, Jesse  " 23.
Silver, Allen  " 35. Aug. 11.
Silver, Jason W  " 24.
Smith, George J  " 25. "
Spitler, George J  " 31. Aug. 9.
Spitler, Peter  " 24. Aug. 9.
Umstead Daniel W  " 18. Aug. 1.
VanNorden, Charles A. " 18.
Venable, Pett-r  " 22. Aug. 11.
White, Francis  " 27. Aug. 1.
Weldy, Samuel  " 19. Aug. 5.
Weldy, Moses  " 28. Aug. 11.
Wilson, David A  " 21.
Whetstone, Jeremiah.... " 27.
Watson, Alexander T  " 47.
Wire, Samuel  " 21.
Yoder, Ezra  " 21. Aug. 6.
Young, John  " 23. Aug. 11.
HECRCITS.
Shaffer, James  " 19. Feb. 15, 1864
Whetstone, Isaac B  " 19. Mar.24, 1864
Witmer, Lewis  " 18. Fib. 24. 1864
Witzeman, Benjamin  " 29. Mar. 28, 1864

REMARKS.
P. See III, *
W. P. Tr. Seell, 111,1V
Dis. Sec VII.
W. P. D. See II, III, VI
VV. See II, *
*W. Dis. See II, VII.
W. Dis. See II, VII.
P. See III, *
* See VIII.
Di. d. See VI.
Dis. See VII.
Pr. W. See I, II, *
P. Sec III, *.
W. D. Sne II, VI.
Died. See VI.
* P. D. See III, VI.
P. See III, *
P. See III, *
P. K. See III, VI.
P. See III. *
Died. See VI.
Died. See VI.
Died. See VI.
P. See III, *
Killed. See VI.

P. Tr. See III, IV.
P. See III, *
* Pr. P. See I, III, *
Pr. See I, *
P. See III,*
* Died. See VI.
P. See III. *

W. P. See II, III, *

Dis. See VII.
P. See III.
Dis. See VII.
Tr. See IV.
Tr. See IV.
Tr. See IV.
Tr. See IV.
Tr. See IV.

COHPANY I.

NAME. RANK.
L. Dwight Kee  Captain.
Charles A. Brigden  1st Lieu.
William H. Osborn  2d Lieut.
L. Newton Parker  1st Sergt.
Albert H. Smith  Sergt.
Solomon Ball 

DATE Of
ENLISTMENT
AGE. 1862.
33.
45.
24. 20. 19.41.

Aug. 2.
July 23,
Aug. 8.
Julv 28.
Aug. 9.

REMARKS.
Killed. See VI.
W. Res. See II, VII.
Pr. See I. * 1st Lieut
Pr. W. See I, II, *
Dis. See VII.

APPENDIX.

Roster Company I— Continued.

NAME. RANK. AGE,
William Wallace  " 21.
William Enos  " 21.
Collins E. Bushnell  Corporal. 22.
Alden F. Brooks  " 22.
Robert N. Holcomb....... " 18.
Charles B. Hayes  " 26.
Roberts. Abell  " 26.
Cyrus Crippen  " 28.
Hugh M. Boys  " 25.
Dillen J. Turner  " 21.
Horace Rawdon  Musician 37.
William E , Guild  " 41.
Joseph B. Ashley  Wagoner. 29.
Anderson, Thomas  Private. 23.
Andrews, Elmer H  " 22.
Butler, Frank A  " 23.
Butler, Lucius C  " 20.
Bridgeman, Thomas  " 30.
Barb, Gabriel P  " 18.
Bower, John M  " 20.
Bailey, Ambrose J  " 22.
Bunting, Robert L  " 20.
Beckwilh, Ira W  " 26,
Bower, David  " 29.
Caldwell, WilliamS  " 24.
Cook, JohnS  " 19.
Collyer, George E  " 29.
Cox, Seymour A  " 29.
Creighton, William  " 19.
Collar, Henry  " 19,
Delano, Horace  " 35.
Fobes, Ferdinand F  " 20.
Frisby, Augustus B  " 18.
Giddings, Frederick M.. " 27.
Grim, Jacob  " 26.
Haddock, John  " 44.
Harrison, Manuel J  " 23.
Hiscock, Hezekiah H.... " 18.
Harrison, Salathiel  " 19.
Hazletine, John G  " 32.
Hanson, ThaddeusC  " 18.
Heath, Milo G  " 18.
Hulburt, Homer  " 24.
Holcomb, Mark H  " 19.
Haine, William J  " 25.
Haine, George  " 22.
Hake, Samuel  " 18.
Joslin, Benjamin  " 32.
Jones, Roderick M  " 21.
Kellogg, John  " 29.
Kelly.EdgarA  " 19.
Knowlton, Newton  " 29.
Knight, Hiram T  " 41.
Knowles, Thomas J  " 23.
Lockwood. Edgar  " 18.
Leonard, Horace A  " 18.
Lyman, George W  " 19.
Lyman, John W  ¦• 28.
Lattlmer, Chauncey M.. " 20.
Mclntyre, John F  " 22.
Merritt, Milan H  " 18.
Morse, Marvin  " 21.
Montgomery, David B.... " 18.
Morris, Thomas S  " CO.
Northway, Henry D  " 18.
Patchin, James W  " 37.
Perry, Worthy  " 24.
Perkins, Lucius:  " 21.
Partridge, Harvey W  " 24.

DATE OE
ENLISTMENT 1862.

Aug. 13.
Aug. 5.
Aug. 8.
Aug. 7.
Aug. 11.
Aug. 8.
Aug. 9.
Aug. 13.
Aug. 8.
Aug. 9.

Aug. 11.
Aug. 5.
Aug. 11.
Aug. 9.
Aug. 7.
Aug. 5.
Aug. 11.
Aug. 10.
Aug. 7.
Aug. 11.
Aug. 8.
Aug. 9.
Aug. 7.
Aug. 9.
Aug. 11. '
Aug. 9.
Aug. 8.
Aug. 6.
Aug. 9.
Aug. 5.
Aug. 8.
Aug. 9.
Aug. 12.
Aug. 8.
Aug. 9.
Aug. 13.
Aug. 7.
Aug. 8.
Aug. 9.
Aug. 5.
Aug. 8.
Aug. 9.

Aug.
Aug.Aug.Aug.

7.

Aug. 2.
Aug. 9.
Aug. 12.
Aug. 5.
Aug. 13.
Aug. 12.

Aug. 9.
Aug. 12.
Aug. 9.

REMARKS.
Pr. See I, * Captain.
W. Seell,*
P. Dis. See I, VII.
Pr.W. See I,II*lstLieut
W. Dis. See II, VII.
Pr. Seel,*
Tr. See IV.
Died. See VI.
W.,*. Seell, V.
W. P. * Seell, III, V.
Pr. Red. See I, *
Dis. See VII.
P. Seem,*
* SeeV.
W. D. S. See II, VI, IX
W. * See II. V.
Killed. See VI.
Dis. See VII.

Pr. W. D. See I, II, VI
Tr. See IV.
See VIII.
* Dis. See VII.
Killed. See VL
W. See II, *
Killed. See VI.
W. D. See II, VI.
Killed. SeeVL
W. See II. *
Died. See VI.
W. Dis. See II, VII.
Pr. W. D. See I, II, VL

Dis.
P. D.

See VE
See in, VI.

P. * See III, V.
W. Tr. See II, IV.
*Dis. See VII.
* Dis. See VII.
W. Dis. See II, VII.
Tr. See IV.
W.P.Dis. See II.III.VII
P. See III, *
P. See III, *
P. Tr. See III, IV.
P. See III, *
P. See III, *
W. D. Sec II, VI.
Tr. See IV.
Tr. See IV.
Dis. See VII.
W.P.Dis. See 11,111, VII
W. See II, VIII.
Dis. See VII.
See VIII.
See VIII,
W. P. See I, III. *
Killed, See VI.
W. P. See II, III. *
P. See III, *
Tr. See IV.
W. Tr. See II, IV.
W. P. See II, III. *
Pr. W. D. See I, II. VL

APPENDIX.

Roster Company 1— Continued.

NAME. BANK.
Reynolds, Philip  Private.
Rulapaugh, John  "
Rowe, Albert G 
Smith, Cyrus T 
Sperry, Henry H 
Steele, Calvin F  "
Sealy, Esau A 
Storier, John T 
Triloff, William F 
Thompson, John 
Tuttle, Hartson 
Thurbur, Silas  "
Thomas, George  "
Tidd, Jeremiah M  "
Talcott. Whitman B 
Udall.Orrin 
Wilcox, William R 
Windram, Robert  "
Whitcomb, Erivn A  "
Webb, Darwin 
Webb, Henry 
Webb, Albert 
Wilcox, Daniel E 
Wildman, Ira 
Young, George W  "
Yokes, Ezra 
Lane, George  "

date OF
ENLISTM ENT
AGE. 1862.
31. "
45. Aug. 5.
22. Aug. 8.
25. Aug. 12.
21. Aug. 9.
20. "
28. Aug. 6.
19. Aug. 9.
18. Aug. 11.
29. Aug. 7.
18. Aug. 8.
29. Aug. 9.
22. Aug. 8.
24. Aug. 9.
20. Aug. 8.
Aug. 5.
Aug. 9.
Aug. 5.
Aug. 9.
Aug. 13.

2ll 19.
35.
24. 20. 18.
20.35.42, Aug

20. 19.

Aug. 9,

REMARKS.
Pr. W. P. Dis. See I, II
III, VI.
Tr. See IV.
W. P. I). See II, III, VI,
P. See III. *
Dis. See VII.
P. Dis. See III. VE.
W. D. See II, VI.
* W. * See II, V.
* Dis. See VII.
Died. See VI.
Died. See VI.
*W. D. See II, VI
Pr. See I, *
* See V.
Dis. See VII.
Pr. W. K. See I, II, VI.
W. Tr. See II, IV.
W. Dis. See II, VII.
*Dis. See VII.
Tr. See IV.
Pr. See I. *

RECRUITS. 27. Dec. 23, 1803 Tr. See IV.

COHPANY K.

NAME. RANK.
Edward V. Bowers  Captain.
Henry C. Sweet  1st Lieut
Leverett A, Barnard  2d Lieut.
William H. Castle..  1st Sergt.
George L. Mason  Sergt.
Nelson H. Smith 
Austin Adams  "
Charles H. Harris  "
Alanson Gary  Corporal.
Alba B.Martin 
Howard S. Stephens  "
John Mann 
Wesley L. Jarvis 
William O, Smith 
Andrew Perkins  "
Lewis Price  Musician.
John Price  "
Lewis H. Roberts  Wagoner.
Atkins, Levi  Private.
Arnold, Orrin 
Alfred, Aldrick 
Alderman, Ellsworth A. "
Alderman, Cassius M.... "
Amidon, Edmund S  "
Burgett, Harrison  "
Burgett, Harrison H  "
Bishop, John H  "
Brett, Thomas  "
Burlingame, Edwin R....
Bates, Charles F 
Bates, Charles H  "
Babcock, Benjamin N.... "

DATE OF
ENLISTMENT
AGE. 1862.
49. July 28.
21. July 16.
29. Aug. 7.
22. Aug. 12.
28. Aug. 11.
25. Aug. 13.
26. Aug. 11.
23. Aug. 4.
29. "
2l'. Aug. 11.
24. Aug. 7.
22. Aug. 6.
19. Aug. 4.
19. Aug. 13.
19. Aug. 9.
21. July 27.
27.23. Aug. 3.
40. Aug. 11.
27. 30. Aug. 9.
18. Aug. 12.
18. 30. Aug. 13.
20. Aug. 4.
21. Aug. 9.
18. Aug. 6.
23. Aug. 9.
40. Aug. 11.
25. Aug. 12.
18. Aug. 13.
36. Aug. 2.

HEMARKS.
Res. See VII.
See I, IX, VII, Co. I.
Pr. D. See I, VI, Co. F
Pr. Dis. See I, VII, Co. H
Pr. See I, *
*Dis. See VII.
Dis. See VII.
Dis. See VII.
Dis. See VII.
Died. See VI.
Red. Tr. See I, IV.
* W. *. See II, V.
Red. S. See I, IX. *
S. Dis. See IX, VII.
S. Dis. See IX, VII.
Dis. See VII.
Died. See VI.
Pr. W. D. See I, II, VL
*
P. See III, *
P. See III, *
Dis. See VII.
Tr. See IV.
Tr. See IV.
Died. See VI.
Dis. See VII.
W. Dis. See II, VIL
W. Dis. See II VI.
Died. See VI.
W. Seell, *

APPENDIX.

Roster Company K— Continued.

DATE OF
ENLISTMENT
NAME, RANK. AGE. 1862. REMARKS.
Bliss, Charles H  Private. 18. Aug. 11. Dis. See VII.
Blakeslee, Eugene  " 19. " *
Barnard, Francis N  " 23. Aug. 9. W. Dis. Fee II, VII
Bigelow, William E  " 27. " W. P. See II, III, *
Blakeslee, James E  " 27. Aug. 6. Dis. See VII.
Cheney, Julius C  " 31. Aug. 5. Pr. D. See I, VI.
Cobb, David G  " 35. July 30. Dis. See VII.
Clapp, Elverton J  " 21. Aug. 11. Pr. Seel,*
Darrow, Alfred  " 21. Aug. 8. P. S. See III, IX. *
Dutell, Julius  " 16. Aug. II. Dis. See VII.
Eddy, Claybourne A  " 18. " See I, II, III, VI.
Early, Elbridge F  " 18. Aug. 13. W. Dis. See II, VII.
Fowler, Ezra  " 22. Aug. 5. Dis. See VII.
Ferguson, Charles A  " 34. Aug. 6. Dis. See VII.
Fobes.HenryH  " 31. Aug. 9. Killed. See VI.
Fuller, John  " 18. Aug. 11. Killed. See VI.
Farl, William  " 18. Aug. 9. Tr. See IV.
Fales, Lewis C  " 26. Aug. 13. Dis. See VII.
Garry, David  ¦' 20. Aug. 4. P.Dis. See III, VII.
Getty, Frederick I  " 26. Aug. 13. Killed. See VI.
Hicock, Clay  " 18. Aug. 6. W. Dis. See II, VII.
Holden, William D  ' 19. Aug. 12. Died. See VI.
Humphrey, Marcus W... " 33. Aug. 13. Dis. See VII.
Hutchinson, Stephen J.. '¦ 32. " W. *. See II, V.
Hines, Isaac  " 21. Aug. 4. P. See III, *
Hall, Frederick W  " 18. Aug. 14. See VIII.
Hanna, Lyman P  " 20. Aug. 7. W. Dis. See II, VII.
Howard, William  " 36. Aug. 6. Killed. See VI.
Hutchinson, David  " 31. Aug. 12. P. D. See III, VI.
Hutchinson, Arthur G.... " 18. Aug. 13. P.Dis. See III, VII.
Hill.ClencyE  " 18. Aug. 12. Dis. See VII.
Harback, Ira W  " 19. July 14. Dis. See VII.
Johnson, George W  • 29. Aug. 11. Dis. See VIII.
Jenkins, Aaron  ' 18. Aug. 12. W. P. See II, III, *
Jordan, Lysander P  " 29. " Pr. See I, *
Kinney, Albert H  ' 19. July 30. Pr. Seel,*
King, George  25. Aug. 11. Died. See VI.
King, Amos H  " 22. " P.* See III, V.
Laskey, Matthew  " 25. Aug. 5. See VIII
Morgan, Seymour L  " 21. Aug. 6. *
Olmstead, Selden  '¦ 22. Aug. 13. Dis. See VII.
Parker, Albertus W  ' 23. Aug. 9. Tr. See IV.
Powers, William H  " 27. Aug. 13. Dis. See VII.
Pangburn, Horace W  " 18. " *
Pratt, Charles  " 18. " p. See III, *
Rasey, Chester  ' 17. Aug. 9. Dis. See VII.
Rasey. Charles  ¦ 23. " Dis. See VII.
Roberts, James E  " 18. " *
Smith, Alexander  " 18. Aug. 6. Killed. See VI.
Smith, Wilson W  " 33. Aug. 13. Dis. See VII.
Smith, Horatio M  ¦• 27. " Pr. Tr. See I, IV.
Shepherd, Lorin  " 18. July 26. See VIII.
Shaw, Henry  " 36. Aug. 5. Dis. See VII.
Scoville. Henry  " 17. Aug. 10. *
Stow, Egbert  " 22. Aug. 12. *
Seymour, George  " 23. Aug. 4. P. See III, *
Sweet, Jillitt S  " 21. Aug. 12. Tr. See IV.
Slater, Albert A  " 22. Aug. 13. P. See III, *
Taylor, Francis A  " 21 Aug. 5. See VIII.
Williams, Thales F  " 27. Aug. 9. Dis. See VII.
Wright, William W  '• 29. Aug. 13. W. Dis. See II, VII.
Williams, Joel  " 21. Aug. 4. W. P. See II, III,*
Warren, Francis  " 18. Aug. 12. P, See III. *
Watrous, John E  " 29. Aug. 9. P. Seel,*
Wilson, Frederick W  '• 33. Aug. 14. * See V.
Webb, Andrew W  " 34. Aug. 12. W. D. See II, VI.
RECRUITS.
Enos, Andrew  Private. 18. Jan. 4,1864 Tr. See IV.
Tower, Herbert.  " 18. " Tr. See IV.

APPENDIX.

TABLE I.
Promotions and Reductions.

COMPANY A.

NAME.
Charles G. Edwards,
Henry H. Cumings,
Richard J. See,
Daniel II. Stambaugh,
Richard J. See.
Daniel II. Stambaugh,
Norman D. Smith.
Daniel IJ. Stambaugh,
Patten Himrod,
Norman D. Smith.
William H. Castle,
Patten Himrod,
James Crays,
Robert Kay,
Porter Watson,
Nathan W. King,
James Crays,
Lafayette McCoy,
Robert Kay,
James Brown.
John D. Jewell,
William H. Craig,
Isaiah J. Nessle,
James Morris,
Robert C. Porter,
Joseph T Torrence,
John F. McCollom,
¦ Joseph Applegate,
William Phillips,
William G. Davis,
George W. Walsen,

RANK. FHOtl
Captain. July 23
Feb. 18,
Mar. 20,
Mar. 21
1st Lieut. July 23,
Dec. 22,
". May 25,
2d Lieut. July 23,
" Jan. 15,
May 12,
Feb. 20,
1st Sergt. Muster
" Jan. 15,
Feb. 18,
Sergt, Muster

TO.

1864,
, 1864.
.1864. 1862.
1862.1864. 1862.
1863. 1863
1863.in 18631864.
in.

" Not given
Corp. Muster in.
" Not given.

July 10, 1863.
Mar. 20, 1864.
Sept.20, 1H64.
Muster out.
Dec. 22, 1862.
Mar. 21, 1864.
Muster out.
Dec. 22, 1862.
Mar. 28, 1863.
Not mustered
Feb. 18, 1864.
Jan. 15, 1863.
Feb. 18, 1864.
Muster out.
Feb. 27, 1863.
Sept. 19, 1863.
Jan. 15, 1803.
Mar. 7, 1863.
Feb. 18, 1864.
Muster out.
Not given.
Sept.20, 1863.
Muster out.
June 10, 1865.
Muster out.
Jan. 7, 1863.
Nov. 21, 1864.
Oct. 8, 1862.
Muster out.
May 3, 1865.
June 28, 1863.

REMARKS.
Pr. to Major.
Tr. to Co. K.
Tr. to Co. G
Pr. to Capt. Co. K
Pr. to Captain
Pr. to 1st Lieut.
Pr. 1st Lieut. CoC
Pr.lstLieut.Co.EPr. 2d Lieut.
Pr.lst Lieut. CoK
Pr toScrgt-Maj.
Killed, VI.
Pr. to 1st Sergt.
Died, VI.
Pr. to 1st Sergt.
Pr. from Corp.
Dischared, VII.
Killed, VI.
Pr. from Corp.
Table V.
Pr. from Corp.
Discharged. Vir
Tr. IV.. Color g'd
Killed, VI.
Table V.
Died, VI.

COHPANY B.

RANK.

Capt.

NAME.
Ephraim Kee,
Andrew D. Braden
Andrew D. Braden, 1st Lieut.
Albert Dickerman,
Ira F. Mansfield, "
Henry D. Niles, 2d Lieut.
Merritt Emerson, "
Jonas I'., Wannamaker, 1st Sergt.
William H, Forbis,
John G. Williams. "
William H. Forbis, Sergt.
Merritt Emerson.
Edward G. Palfreeman, "
William Hughes,
John S. Williams,
Noah J. Pound, "
Wilson G Hultz, "
Charles Stewart,
Osman li. Tuttle, "
James M. Dickerman, Corp
John Ii. Ramsdell,
Michael E. Hess, "
George F. Center,
John A. Ewalt. "

FROM.
Aug. 20, 1862.
Jan. 18. 1863.
July 19, 1862.
Jan. 21, 1863.
May 15, 1863.
July 23, 1862.
Mar. 28, 1863.
Muster in.
Not given.
Muster in.

Not given.

TO.
Jan. 19, 1863.
Muster out.
Jan 18, 1863.
Mar. 29, 1863.
Muster out.
Feb. 12. 1863.
June 13, 1863.
Oct. 8, 1862.
Oct. 24, 1864.
Muster out.
Not given.
Mar. 28, 1863.
June 18, 1864.
Oct. 23, 1863.
Not given.
Muster out.

REMARKS.
Died, VI.
Pr. Captain
Apt'd Adj'nt,
Detached duty. .
Resigned, Vii.
Died, VI.
Killed, VI.
Pr.lst Lieut.CoE
Pr. to 1st Sergt.
Pr. to 2d Lieut.
Died. VI.
Tr. IV.
Pr, to 1st Sergt.

Muster In. Oct. 14, 1862. Dis. See I. VII.
" Muster out. Color guard.
" Feb. 27, 1863. Dis. See I, VII.
Oct. 16, 1862. Dis. See I, VII.
July 8, 1863. Died, VI.

APPENDIX.

Table I— Company B— Continued,

Norval Ii. Cobb.
Daniel Lodwick,
Henry 1C, Finney,
George W. Granger,
Hiram J. Scott,
Hubert Hillman,

Oct. 14, 1862. Dis.
Oct. 4, 1862. Dis.
J une 30, 1865. Dis.
Sep. 14, 1863. Dis.
Sep. 25, 1863. Died, VI.
Muster out.

See I. VII.
Sec 1, VII.
See I, VII.
See I, VII.

COflPANY c.

NAME.
Henry P. Gilbert.
Ambrose C. Mason,
Ambrose C. Mason,
James H. Bard,
Patten Himrod.
Reuben J. Morgandge,
William C. Olds,
James H. Bard,
William C. Olds,
Irvin liutler,
Irvin liutler,
Clinton F. Moore,
Clinton F. Moore.
Austin W. Wilson,
Jacob Turney,
John Geddes,
John li. Miller,
Robert D. Allen,
Clinton F. Moore,
Robert J. Stewart,
Albert Jastatt,
lames G. Townsend,
Samuel Ruppert,
Robert A. Rowles,
Austin Tibbits,
Benjamin Esgar,

Charles C. Fowler,
Lafayette Seaton,
Evan Lewis,
Benjamin Esgar,

HANK. Capt.

FROM.

TO.

REMARKS.
July 23, 1862. Jan. 17, 1863. Resigned, VII.
Jan. 17, 1863. Aug.27, 1864. Died. VI.
1st Lieut. July 23. 1862. Jan. 17, 1863. Pr. lo Captain.
Jan. 17, 1863. Mar. 12, 1863. Resigned, VII.
Mar. 28, 1863. July 10, 1863. Pr. lo Capt. Co. E.
July 10, 1863. Nov. 3, 1861. Pr. to Capt. Co. D.
Sept. 8, 1864 Muster out.
2d Lieut. July 23, 1862. Jan. 17, 1863. Pr.to 1st Lieut.
May 12, 1863.Not mustered
Jan. 18, 1863. May 8, 1863. Resigned. VII.
1st Sergt. Muster in. Dec. 16, 1862. Pr. loSerg.-Maj.
Dec. 18, 1862. Muster out.
1st Lieut. Oct. 24, 1864.Notmustered
Sergt. Muster in. Oct. 24, 1862. Discharged, VII.
" Muster out. Color Sergt.
Pr. from Corp.
Pr. from Corp.
Dec. 18, 1862. Pr. to 1st Sergt.
Oct. 22, 1862, Discharged, Vll.
Muster out.
Mar. 27, 1863. Discharged, VII.
Muster out. Pr. from private.
Pr. from private.
" Pr. from private.
Not given. Pr. from private.

Corp.

Dec. 18, 1862.
Not given.
Muster in.

Not given.

REDUCED.
Sergt. Muster in.
Corp. "
" Not given.

Not given.

Reduced to ranks.
Reduced to ranks.
Reduced to ranks.
Reduced to ranks.

COMPANY D.

NAME.
George L. Riker,
(Jeorge L. Riker.
Reuben G. Morgandge
Henry H Cummings.
Stanley li Lockwood,
Porter Watson,
Alonzo Chubb,
Stanley IS. Lockwood,
Robert N. Shepherd,
Edward P. Young,
Solomon D. Williams,
William D, Curtiss,
Warren Jennings,
Seth Weeks,
Marshall A Teachout,
James H. Taylor,
Edwin N. Dutton,
Clinton A. Nolan,
Harvey E. Clark,
George W. Jewell,
Harlan P, Hall,
Francis M. Judd,
John C. Britton,
Henrv F. Cantield.
Charles E. Doolittle,
Bliss Morse,

RANK. FROM.
Capt. July 24, 1862.
Major. Feb, 18, 1K61
Nov. 3, 1861
1st Lieut. July 25, 1862.
May 12, 1863
May 25, 1861
2d Lieut. July 24, 1862,
1st Sergt. Muster in.
" Not given.
Sergt. Muster in.

" Not given
it ti
Corp. Muster in.
u tt
,t it
" Not given.

TO. REMARKS.
Sep. 23. 1864. Res. See VII.
Not mustered
Muster out. SeeT. Co \sC. & G
Feb. 18, 1864. Pr. to Capt. Co A.
. June 8, 1864. Appt'd R, Q M.
Muster out. Pr fromSerg-Mai
Oct. 19, 1863. W. P. Res. II,
III. VII
Jan. 15, 1863. Pr.2d Lieut. Co.K.
Muster out. Pr. from Corp.
July 1, 1864. Dis. See. VII.
Oct. 28, 1862. Dis. Sec VI
Sep. 15. 1863. Tr. See IV.
Muster out Detac'd duty.
Pr. from Corp.
Pr. from Corp.
" Pr. Sergt.-Ma .
Not given. See. VIII.
Oct. 14, 1862. Dis. See. VII.
May 28, 1863. Dis. See. V 1 1
Sep. 14, 1863. Dis. See. VII.
June 1, 1865, Tr. See. IV.
July27, 1863. Tr. See. IV.
Nov. 25, 1863. Killed. See. VI.
Muster out. W. See. II.
May 31,1865. M. O. See. V.
Muster out.

APPENDIX.

Table I— Continued, Company E.

NAME.
Byron W. Canfield,
E. Abbott Spaulding,
Patten Himrod,
William R Tuttle,
Albion W Tourgee.
E. Abbott Spaulding,
William H Clark,
William H. Castle,
William H. Forbis,
John A. Osborn,
James W. Allen,
William H.Forbes,
Julius A. Moffett.
John C. Hathaway.
Julius A. Moffett,
LaRoyal Taylor.
George D. Elder,
Edward Patchin,
John F. Humiston,
James A. McNaughton,
Lester D Taylor,
Dean D. Tucker,
Stephen Patchin,
Charles C. Hitchcock,
Miles J. Whitney,
George D. Elder,
Philo Boughton,
Sherman Pease,
Luman Griste,
Oscar Duzenbury,
Evan Richards,
Byron A. Paase,
John McNaughton,
Albert Dickerman,

James A Mow rey,
Jonas Alshouse,
Fernando C. Conley,

Capt.

1st Lieut,
Ist Lieut,

1st Sergt.

Sergt.

Corp.

Musician,

Sergt. Corp.

FROM. TO. REMARKS.
July 24, 1862. Jan. 29, 1863, Resigned. VII.
Jan. 29, 1863. Sep. 26, 1863. Died, 11. VI.
July 10, 1863. May 5, 1865. Resigned, VII.
, July 9, 1862. Oct. 8, 1862. Pr. toCapt.Co.H
Sept.21, 1863. Dec. 6, 1863. See II, III. VII.
Oct. 8, 1862. Jan. 29, 1863. Pr. to Captain.
Mar. 2, 1863. May 15, 1863. Resigned, Vll.
Feb. 18, 1864. Jan. 10, 1865. Dis. See VII.
Oct. 24, 1864 Muster out.
Aug. 6, 1862. Jan. 19, 1863. Resigned. VII.
Jan. 29, 1863. Apr. 19, 1863. Tr. to Co. F.
May 12, 1863.Notmustered
Feb. 20, 1863. Aug. 13, 1863. Resigned. VII.
Muster in. Jan. 11, 1863. Discharged, VII.
Jan. 11, 1863. Feb. 20, 1803. Pr. 2d Lieut.
Feb. 20, 1863. May 16, 1883. Discharged, VII.
May 16, 1863. Muster out. Sergeant.
Muster in. Dec. 29, 1862. Discharged, VII.
Not given. Muster out. Pr. from Corp.
Sept. 1, 1864. " Pr. Corp., April
10, 1863.
Jan. 11, 1863. June 20 1864. Pr. to Sergt. -Maj.
Jan. 11. 1863. Muster out. Pr. from Corp.
Apr. 17, 1863. " Pr. from Corp
Muster in. Oct. 8, 1862. Killed, VI.
Jan II, 1863. Muster in. To Sergeant.
Mar. 11, 1863. Discharged. VII.
Mar. 27,1863. Discharged, VII.
Musterout. Pr. from private.
Feb 24,1864. Discharged, VII.
Muster out. Pr. from private.
" Color guard.
Aug 4, 1864. Killed, VI.
Muster out. Pr. from private.
Pr. to Serg.-Maj.

Oct. 31, 1862.
Dec. 31, 1862.
Jan II, 1863.
Jan. II. 1863.
Aug.31,1863.
Sept. 4, 1864.
Aug. 21, 1862.
REDUCED. Muster in

Not given.

Reduced to ranks.
Reduced to ranks.
Reduced to ranks.

COMPANY F.

RANK. Capt.

NAME.
Sherburn H. Williams
Alfred G Wilcox,
Alfred G Wilcox,
LeverettA Barnard,
James W. Allen.
Lester D. Burbank,
James W. Allen,
Norman D Smith,
Charles R Brown,
David C. Beardsley,
Harrison J. Fuller,
Frederick T Cook,
James W. Allen.
Lathrop A. Johnson,
Henry B. Pitner,
Michael Cooney,
James W. Allen,
George I. Squeir,
Edwin R. More,
Isaac D. L. Schram,
Josiah King,
David Lester,
JariusChilds,
Ira Ely.
Doty William,

Dwight H. Woodard, Corp.

FROM.
Aug. 1. 1862.
Jan. 13, 1863,
1st Lieut. Aug. 8. 1862
Jan. 29. 1863.
Feb. 18, 1864.
2d Lieut. July 25, 1862.
Apr 19,1863.
1st Sergt. Muster in
Aug 3, 1864.
Sergt Muster in.

TO.

Not given.
Feb, 24, 186
Aug. 3. 186
Corp. Muster in.

REMAUKS.
Resigned, VII.
Pr. to Captain.
Died, VI.
Resigned, VII
Pr. to 1st Lieut.
Pr. to 1st Lieut,
Pr. Irom Sergi.
Table V.
Died, VI.
Pr.2dLicut.Co.E.
Pr. from Corp.
Color guard.
Discharged, VII.
Pr. to Sergeant.
Discharged, VII.
Died, VII.

Not given.
Dec. 31,1862.
Feb. 29, 1862.
Feb. 24, 1864.
Jan. 5, 1864.
REDUCED. Muster in.

Jan 13, 1863,
Muster out.
Jan. 13,1863.
Feb. 17. 1864.
Muster out.
Feb. 20, 1863.
Feb. 18, 1864
May 25, 1864
Muster out.
June 2, 1865
Oct. 26, 1862.
Muster out.
Jan, 29, 1863.
Muster out.
ti
Mar. 7, 1863.
Not given.
Oct. 28, 1862.
Mar, 1, 1894.
Muster out.
Oct. 25, 1863. Died, VI.
Muster out.
June 18, 1864. Killed, VI,
Muster out.
Dec. 23, 1864. Pr. to Prin. Mus.
Not given. Reduced to ranks.

APPENDIX.

Table I— Continued, Company Q.

NAME.

RANK.

FROM.

William G. Crowell,

Capt.

Aug. 6, 1862.

Richard J. See,

"

Sept.20, 1864,

Albion W. Tourgee,

1st Lieut.

July 11, 1862.

Alden F. Brooks,

"

Feb. 18, 1864.

E. Abbott Spaulding,

2d Lieut.

, July 11, 1862.

Henry Adams,

"

Oct. 8, 1862.

»

May 8, 1863.

Reuben G. Morgaridge

, "

Jan. 13, 1863.

Wilbur F. Thompson,

1st Sergt.

Muster in.

Reuben G. Morgaridge

Not given.

William C. Olds,

k

Jan. 13, 1863.

Lamonzo Thompson,

"

Dec. 20, 1864.

William B. Braman,

Sergt.

Muster in.

Benjamin F. Cushing,

"

it

Joseph George,

"

"

George L. Felch,

"

"

John R. Greenough,

"

11

Allison W. Mills,

d

Jan. 23, 1864.

Wilbur F. Thompson,

"

Not given.

Charles A. Glancy,

"

Dec. 20, 1861.

Orson L. Marsh,

Corp.

Muster in.

Luke North way,

"

Norris L. Gage,

"

"

Orlando G. Clark,

ti

"

Daniel H. H. Wheaton,

"

"

Charles W. Butler,

lL

»(

Fayette Blood,

"

Not given.

Oscar F. Crater,

11

"

Wilbur F. Thompson,

"

Feb. 11, 1864.

Edwin Reeves,

"

Not given.

Jerry Butt,

"

"¦

George W. Cheney,

Priv.

Muster in.

William J. Gibson,

"

11

TO. REMARKS.
Aug. 2, 1864. Resign'd. See VII
Muster out.
Sep. 26, 1863. Tr. Co. E. II, III,
VII.
Muster out. On duty at Dept.
Hd. Qrs.
Oct. 8, 1862. Pr.lst Lieut. Co.E
Feb. 20, 1863. Appt. from Civil,
life. See VI.
Not mustered
July 10, 1863. Pr. 1st Lieut. Co. C
Not given. Reduced.
Jan. 13, 1863. Pr. 2d Lieut.
Sep.8, 1861. Pr. IstLieut.Co.C
Muster out. Pr.to Corp. -Sergt
Nov. 20, 1862. Dis. See VII.
June28, 1864. Dis. See VII.
Oct. 8, 1862. Killed. See VI.
Sep. 18, 1863. Dis. See VII.
Muster out. Pr. from private.

June 22, 1863.
May 8, 1863.
Feb. 18, 1863.
Oct. 3, 1863.
Dec. 18, 1862.
May 14, 1863.
Apr. 1864.
Muster out.
Not given.
Muster out.
Not given.
Feb. 1863.
Aug. 20, 1862.

Pr. from Corp.
Dis. See VII.
See VI.
See VII.
See VII.
See VII.
See VII.
See IV.

Died Dis.
Dis Dis
Dis
Tr.

Pr. to Sergt.
Reduced.
Pr. Q. M. S.
Pr. Com. Sergt.

REDUCED.
Wilbur F. Thompson, 1st Sergt. Muster in.
Joseph R. Warner, Sergt. "
William H. Barnes, Corp. "
Jerry Butt, " Not given.

Not given.

To the ranks. Pr.
His own request.
To the ranks.
To the ranks.

COMPANY H.

NAME. RANK. FROM.
Robert Wilson  Captain. Aug. 9, 1862.
William R. Tuttle.... " Oct. 8,1862.
John C. Hartzel  " Sept. 8, 1864.
William H.Clark.... 1st Lieut. July 23, 1862.
John C. Hartzell  " Jan. 13, 1863.
John C. Hartzell  2d Lieut. Aug. 9, 1862.
Ira F. Mansfield  " Feb. 12, 1863.
Ira F. Mansfield  1st. Sergt.. Muster in.
George M. Dull  " July 27, 1863.
Florentine M. Simons, Sergt. Muster in.
John Meharg  " "
Abram S. McCurley.. " "
John W. Nesbitt  " Not given.
James S. Caldwell. . .
George J. Smith  "

TO.
Oct. 8, 1862.
Muster out.

Muster out.
Mar. 2, 1863.
Sep. 8, 1864.

Jan. 13, 1863.
May 15, 1863.
Feb. 12, 1863.
Muster out.
Jan. 1, 1863.
May 1, 1863.
Muster out.

REMARKS.
Killed. VI.
Asst. Prov. Mar.
on Gen. Sher
man's Staff.
Detach, service.
Tr. to Co. E.
On detached
service after
Feb. 15, 1864.
SeeV.
Pr. to 1st Lieut.
Pr. to 1st Lieut.
Pr. to 2d Lieut.
Pr.from private.
Discharged, VII.
Pr. to Hos. St'd.
Pr. from Corp.
Pr. from Corp.
Pr. to Corp.

APPENDIX.

Table I— Company H— Continued
NAME. RANK. FROM.
Horace G Ruggles. . Corporal. Muster in
William K. Mead....
Manassas Miller. :... " "
Andrew Geddes 
Almon.iBastHia,n. Henry R.Meyer  "
Jason W. Silver  " N'otgiven
John H, Bellard 
George V.Boyle  REDUCED
Amos Cobbs  Seigt. Muster in
Joseph Carbaugh  Corp.
George V. Boyle  " Not given.

TO. HEMAUKS.
Oct 25,1862. Discharged, VII.
Muster out.

Nov. 13, 1863.
May. 28, 1863,
Muster out.
Not given.

Not given.

Tr., IV.
Discharged, VII.

His own request.
Reduc'd to ranks
Reduc'd to ranks

COMPANY 1.
NAME. RANK. FROM. TO.
L Dwight Kee  Captain. Aug. 2,1862. Oct. 8,1862.
HenryC. Sweet  " Oct. 8, 1862. May 12, 1863.
William Wallace — " May 12, 1863. Muster out.
Charles A. Brigden. 1st Lieut. July 23, 1862. Jan. 21, 1863.
William H. Osborn. " Feb. 27, 1863. Muster out.
William H Osborn. 2d Lieut. July 23, 1862. Oct. 8,1862.
AlbertDickerman.... " Oct. 8, 1862. Jan. 21, 1863.
William Wallace.... " Jan, 21, 1863. May 12, 1863.
L Newton Parker. 1st Sergt. Muster in. Jan. 1, 1863,
William Wallace.... " Jan. I, 1863. Jan. 21, 1863.
Collins E. Bushnell . " Jan. 21, 1863. May 9,1863.
Harvey W.Partridge, " May 9, 1863. Nov. 11, 1863.
L Newton Parker... " Nov. II, 1863. Muster out.
Albert H. Smith  Sergt. Muster in. Nov. 1,1862.
Solomon Ball  " " Muster out.
William Wallace.... " " Jan. 1,1863.
William Enos  " " Muster out.
Charles B. Hayes.... " Nov. 11,1863.
Edwin A. Whitcomb, " Nov. 1, 1862. Sep. 20, 1863.
George W.Young.... " Sep. 20. 1863. Muster out.
Alden F. Brooks  Corporal. Muster in. Feb. 18, 1864.
Robert N. Holcomb.. " " Mar. 5, 1863.
Robert S. Abell  " " Mar. 31, 1864.
Cyrus Crippen  " " Oct. 28, 1862.
Hugh M. Boys  " " Muster out.
Dillen J. Turner  " " "
Philip Reynolds  " Notgiven. May 30, 1864.
Orrin Udall  " " Muster out.
Ambrose J. Bailey.. " Nov. 11, 1863. Feb. 18, 1864.
Fred'k M. Giddings.. " Jan. 21, 1863. Apr. 21, 1863.
HoraceRawdon  Musician. Aug. 9, 1862. Aug. 31, 1863.
REDUCED.
L. Newton Parker. .. Sergt. Jan. 1, 1863. Nov. II, 1863.
HoraceRawdon  Musician. Sep. 12, 1864. Muster out.

REMARKS.
Killed. See VI.
Dis. See VII.
Resig'd. See VI.
Detached duty.
Pr.lstLieut.Co.K Pr.lstLleut.Co.BPr. to Captain,
Reduced to Serg.
Pr. to 2d Lieut.
Dis. See VII.
Died. See VI.
Dis. See VII.
Pr. to Ist Sergt.
Color Guard.
Killed. VI.
Pr. from Corp.
Pr.lst Lieut.CoG
Dis. See VII.
Tr. See IV.
Died. See VI.

Dis. See VII.
Died. See VI.
Died. See VI.
Pr.to Prin. Mus.

Pr. to 1st Sergt.
His ownrequest.

COMPANY K.
NAME. RANK. FROM. TO.
Edward V. Bowers . Captain. Aug. 10, 1862. Dec. 22, 1862.
Richard J. See  " Dec. 22, 1862. Mar. 20, 1864.
Henry H. Cumings  " Mar.20, 1864. Muster out.
HenryC. Sweet .... 1st Lieut. July 16, 1862. Oct. 8,1862.
William H. Osborn.. " Oct. 8, 1862. Feb. 27. 1863.
Horatio M.Smith.... " Jan. 18, 1863. Jan. 16, 1864.
JamesCrays  " Feb. 18, 1864. Muster out.
Leverett A. Barnard. 2d Lieut. Aug. 10, 1862. Jan. 29, 1863.
Horatio M. Smith.... " Dec. 22, 1862. Jan. 18, 1863.
Stanley B. Lockwood " Jan. 15, 1863. May 12, 1863.

REMARKS.
Res. See VII.
Tr. to Co. A.
Tr. from Co. A.
Seell, VII, Co. I.
Tr. to Co. I.
Pr. Tr. See IV.
Pr.IstLieut.Co.F
Pr. 1st Lieut.
Pr.lst Lieut.CoD

APPENDIX.

Table I— Company K— Continued.
NAME. RANK. FROM. TO. REMARKS.
William H. Castle... 1st Sergt. Muster in. Feb. 20, 1863. Pr. 2d Lieut.Co.A
George L. Mason.... " Feb. 20, 1863. Muster out. Pr. from Sergt.
Nelson H. Smith  Sergt. Muster in. "
Austin Adams  " " Oct. 14, 1862. Dis. See. VII.
Charles H.Harris.... " " Nov. 24, 1863. Dis. See. VII.
Elverton J. Clapp.. . . " Not given. Muster out. Pr. from Corp.
Lysander P. Jordan, " " '' Pr. from private.
Clay borne A. Eddy.. ' " May 15, 1865. Dis. See. VI.
AlansonGary  Corporal. Muster in. Oct. 13, 1862. Dis. See. VII.
Alba B. Martin  " " Nov. 19, 1863. Dis. See. VII.
Howard S. Stephens, " " Oct. 5, 1864. Died. See. VI.
Wesley L. Jarvis  " " Muster out.
William O. Smith... " •¦ " Detached. See V
Julius C. Cheney  " Notgiven. Sep. 17, 1863. Pr. D. See. VI.
Orrin Arnold  " " Oct. 19, 1863. Pr. D. See. VI.
John E. Watrous  " " Muster out. Pr. Color guard.
Albert H. Kinney  " " "
Horatio M. Smith . . . Private. Muster in. Aug. 28, 1862. Pr. to Q. M. S.
REDUCED.
Andrew Perkins  Corporal. Muster in. Notgiven. Reduced to ranktJ

APPENDIX.

TABLE II
Wounded.

COflPANY A.
NAME. RANK. WHEN.
Charles G. Edwards  Captain. Oct. 8, 1862.
Richard J. See  1st Lieut.
Daniel B. Stambaugh  2d Lieut. Sep. 20, 1863.
James Crays  Sergt. Oct. 8,1862.
Lafayette McCoy 
James Brown  " Nov. 25, 1363.
Isaiah J. Nessle  " Sep. 20, 1883.
Joseph T. Torrence  Corporal. Oct. 8, 1862.
John F. McCollom  " "
JohnF. McCollom  " Sep. 20, 1863.
William Phillips  " Oct. 8,1862.
William Phillips  " Sep. 20, 1863.
William G. Davis  "
Bailey, Henry B  Private. Oct. 8,1862.
Bailey, Henry B  " June 20, 1864,
Boyle, John A.  • Sep. 20, 1863.
Burns, Michael  "
Cowley, Hugh  " Nov. 25, 1863.
Conklin, George  " Oct. 8, 1862.
Fielding, Charles  " "
Flecker, John  " "
Hanify, John J  '• "
Heiliger, Frederick  " "
Hulburt, Frank  " "
Houston, Richard  " July 2,1864.
James, Frederick  " Oct. 8, 1862.
Miles, John  " "
McFall, Simon P  " Sep. 20, 1863.
Rees, Richard  " Oct. 8, 1862.
Tyrrell, Thomas  " "
Wetherstay, Henry  " "
Wetherstay, Henry  " Sep. 19. 1863.
Walser, George W  " Oct. 8,1862.
Williams, Clytus  " "
Whetstone, David C  ' July, 1864.

REMARKS.
Perryville, three times
Perryville, Ky.
Chickamauga. Ga.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky
Mission Ridge, Tenn.
Chickamauga, Ga.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville. Ky.
Chickamauga, Ga.
Perryville, Ky.
Chickamauga, Ga.
Chickamauga. Ga.
Perryville, Ky.
Kenesaw Mt.,Ga.
Chickamauga. See VZ.
Chickamauga, Ga.
Mission Ridge, Tenn.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Kenesaw Mt. See VI.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville. Ky.
Chickamauga, Ga.
Perryville, Ky., twice,
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Chickamauga. See VI.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Kenesaw Mt., Ga.

COMPANY B.

NAME. RANK.
William Hughes  Se rgt.
Noah J. Pound 
Charles Stewart  "
Hiram J. Scott  Corporal.
Bear, Abner  Private.
Bell, Edward M 
Caldwell, Calvin 
Grim, Albert 
Grim, Ephrain  "
Hathaway, James W  "
Kelly, Hugh R 
Lewis, Edwin D 
Landon, John J  "
Mahannah, Harvey  "
Murphy, John A 
Murphy, John A  "
Rush, Daniel 
Shafer, Charles  "
Taft, Samuel K 

WHEN.

REMARKS.

1862.

Munfordville, Ky.

Sep.

20, 1863.

Chickamauga, Ga.
Chickamauga, Ga.
Chickamauga. See VI.

Oct.

8, 1862.

Perryville, Ky., twice.
Perryville, Ky.

Sep.

20, 1863.

Chickamauga. See VI.

Oct.

8, 1862.

Perryville. Ky. See VI
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.

Sept

. 1, 1864.

Jonesboro, Ga. See VI

Aug.

5, 1864.

Near Atlanta, Ga.

Oct.

8, 1862.

Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.

Sep.

20, 1863.

Chickamauga, Ga.

Mar.

24, 1865.

Goldsboro. N.C. See VI

Sep.

20, 1863.

Chickamauga. Ga.

Oct.

8, 1862.

Perryville. See VI.

APPENDIX.

Table II— Continued, Company C.

NAME. RANK.
John B. Miller  Corporal.
Robert J. Stewart 
James G. Townsend 
Lafayette Sea ton  "
Charles E. Miller  Wagoner.
Davis, William R  Private.
Donovan, James 
Davis, Morgan W 
Edwards. John F 
Evans, William  "
Frazier, Isaac 
Hilands, Reuben B 
Healy, Joseph 
Kelley, Lawrence 
Lewis, Caleb 
Miller, Lemuel B 
Moser, Philip H  "
Powers, John 
Price, Lemuel 
Quigley, Thomas 
Shook, Cornelius 
Townsend, Charles W . .
Vally, Adolphus 
Wambaugh, John 

Oct. 8, 1862.

June 3, 1864.
Oct, 8, 1862.
Mar. 20, 1863.
Aug. 9, 1864.
Oct. 8, 1862.

Mar. 20, 1863.
Oct, 8, 1862.

REMARKS.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky., twice
Perryville, Ky., twice
Perryville, See VI.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky,
Pumpkinvine Creek,
Ga. See VI.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Milton, Tenn.
Atlanta, Ga. See VI.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Milton, Tenn.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.

Two were wounded June 14, 1864, and two August 7, 1864, whose names
have been forgotten.

COHPANY
NAME. RANK.
George L. Riker  Captain.
George L. Riker 
Alonzo Chubb  2d Lieut
Alonzo Chubb 
Stanley B. Lockwood. . . 1st Sergt
Solomon D. Williams. . . Sergt.
Marshall A. Teachout. .
Harvey E. Clark  Corporal
Francis M. Judd 
Henry F. Canlield 
Michael Ward  Wagoner
Ackley, Amiel J  Private.
Baker, Edwin N 
Blakely , Harlow 
Brooks, Samuel 
Chesney, Samuel P 
Lewis, George E 
McVitty, Joseph 
Martin, John 
Nash, Harrison 
Pelton, Watson  '
Pierce, George E 
Place, Ira 
Potts, Samuel J 
Prouty, Lucius A 
Randall, Walter  "
Spring, Charles II 
Vickers, Frederick 
Vickers, Frederick 
Wakelee, Oscar R 
Wakelee, Oscar R 
Webster, Francis 
Webster, Francis 

D.

WHEN.

REMARKS.

Oct. 8, 1862.

Perryville, Ky.

July 28, 1864.

Atlanta, Ga.

Oct. 8, 1862.

Perryville, Ky.

Sep. 19, 1863.

Chickamauga, Ga.

Oct. 8, 1862.

Perryville, Ky.

Perryville. s>ee VI.

Sep. 19, 1863.

Chickamauga, Ga.

Oct. 8, 1862.

Perryville, Ky.

"

Perryville, Ky., twice.

Sep. 19, 1863.

Chickamauga, Ga.

Mar. 3, 1865.

Lynch's Creek, S. C.

Oct. 8, 1862.

Perryville, Ky.

Perryville, Ky.

Sep. 19, 1863.

Chickamauga, Ga.

Mar. 15, 1865.

Fayetteville, N. C.

Oct. 8, 1862.

Perryville, Ky.

Perryville, Ky. SeeV.

Perryville, Ky.
'
Perryville. See VI.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
"
Perryville. See VIII.
"
Perryville, Ky.
"
Perryville, Ky., twice.
Perryville. See VI.
Perryville. See VIII.
"
Perryville, Ky.
Sep. 20, 1863.
Chickamauga, Ga.
June 22, 1864.
Kenesaw Mt.,Ga. .twice
Oct. 8, 1862.
Perryville, Ky.
July 25, 1864.
Atlanta, Ga.
June 24, 1863.
Hoover's Gap, Tenn.
Nov. 25, 1863.
Mission Ridge, Tenn.
APPENDIX.

Table II— Continued, Company E
NAME. RANK. WHEN.
Byron W. Canfield  Captain. Oct. 8,1862
E.Abbott Spaulding,... " Sep. 20, 1863.
Edward Patchin  Sergt. Oct. 8,1862.
Luman T. Griste  Corporal. Sep 19,1863.
John McNaughton  ¦• Nov. 25, 1863
Ayers, Josiah  Private. Oct. 8,1862
Alberts, Washington. . . "
Button, Justin  "
Case, Gideon 
Humiston, John F  "
Hilt, Oliver 
Hayden. Eugene  "
Jones, Delavan  "
Knox, Dexter  " "
King, Eleazar A  " June 18, 1864.
Ladow, Sylvester  " Oct. 8,1862.
Ladow, Sylvester  " June 18, 1864.
Latimer, Olney P  " Oct. 8, 1862.
Latimer, Olney P  ¦• Sep. 1,1864.
Langston, Henry  " Oct. 8,1862.
Ladow, Henry 
Phillips, Robert  " "
Bussell, Elmer  • June 25, 1863.
Smith, Nathan M  ' Oct. 8,1862.
Stocking, John K 
Stocking.Charles H 
Tucker.JohnT 
Townsley, Philetus  " "
Webb, Sylvester  ¦¦ Nov. 29, 1862.
Watrous, Samuel N.... " Oct. 8,1862.
Webb,Ezra 

REMARKS.
Perryville, Ky.
Chickamauga. See VI.
Perryville, Ky.
Chickamauga. Ga.
Mission Ridge, Tenn.
Perryville. See VI.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville. See VI.
Kenesaw Mt. , Ga.
Perryville, Ky.
Kenesaw Mt..Ga.
Perryville, Ky.
Jonesboro, Ga.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville. Ky.
Hoover's Gap, Tenn.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky., twice.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville. See VI.
Perryville, Ky.
Munfordville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.

COMPANY F.
NAME. RANK. WHEN.
Harrison J. Fuller  Sergt. Oct. 8, 1862.
David C. Beardsley  " Nov. 25, 1863.
Josiah King  Corporal. Sep. 19, 1863.
James W. Allen  •¦ Oct. 8,1862.
Dwight H. Woodard  "
David Lester  " June 18, 1864.
Auxer, John H  Private. Oct. 8, 1862.
Auxer.JohnH  ¦• Sep. 20, 1863.
Barlass, Robert B  " Sep. 19, 1863.
Brewster, Oliver R  " Oct. 8,1862.
Crawford, Emery  '¦ "
Crawford, Emery  " Sep. 19, 1863.
Clark, Nathan T  " Oct. 8,1862.
Caley, Charles  " "
Dimmick, Orlando  " Sep. 20, 1863.
Downing, John D  " Sep. 19,1863.
Ely, Ira  " Nov. 25, 1863.
Kelsey, Arthur  ¦¦ June 18, 1864.
McClintock, Charles W. " Oct. 8, 1862.
Martin, George 
McElwain, Edwin W.. . "
Marsh, Henry 
Newcomb, Selah W  " "
Odell, David W  " Nov. 25, 1863.
Phillips, Albert  " Oct. 8,1862.
Radcliffe, Charles  "
Randall, James G 
Richmond, William  "
Waller, Harrison  " "

REMARKS.
Perryville. See VI.
Mission Ridge, Tenn.
Chickamauga. See VI.
Perryville, Ky., twice.
Perryville, Ky.
Kenesaw Mt .Ga.
Perryville, Ky.
Chickamauga, Ga.
Chickamauga. See VI.
Perryville. See VI.
Perryville, Ky.
Chickamauga, Ga.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Chickamauga. Ga.
Chickamauga, Ga.
Mission Ridge, Tenn.
Kenesaw Mt. , Ga.
Perryville, Ky. See VI
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville. See VI.
Mission Ridge, Tenn.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky., twice.
Perryville. See VI.

COMPANY G.
NAME. RANK. WHEN.
Albion W. Tourgee  1st Lieut. Oct. 8,1862.
E. Abbott Spaulding ... 2d Lieut.

REMARKS.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville. Seen.

xxxviil

APPENDIX.

Table II— Company Q— Continued.
NAME. RANK. WHEN. REMARKS.
William B. Braman .... Sergt. Oct. 8,1862. Perryville. Ky. See VI
Benjamin F. Cushing. . . " Sep. 20, 1863. Chickamauga. Ga.
Norris L. Gage  Corporal Oct. 8,1862. Perryville, Ky., twice.
Daniel H. H. Wheaton.. ¦' " Perryville, Ky.
Baldwin Franklin  Private. " Perryville, Ky.
Barker, Edmond J  '¦ " Perryville, Ky.
Christie, James T  " " Perryville, Ky.
Cowles. Edwin R  • Aug. 10, 1864. Atlanta, Ga.
Compton, John D  ¦ July 22, 1864. Peach-tree Creek, Ga.
See VI.
Felch. Franklin  ' Nov. 25, 1863. Mission Ridge. See VI
Fuller. George V  '• May 13, 1864. Resaca. See VI.
Gant, William H  • Oct. 8,1862. Perryville, Ky. See VI
Gould, Daniel C  " Perryville, Ky. See VI
Galbraith. Elbert P.... ' " Perryville, Ky.
Giddings, Francis W. .. " " Perryville, Ky.
Heath, Adoniram J  " Nor. 25, 1863. Mission Ridge, Tenn.
Kenny, Snel  " Oct. 8,1862. Perryville, Ky.
Lobdell, Dudley  " '' Perryville, Ky., twice.
McCreary. Harrison  ¦¦ " Perryville, Ky.
Stoll, Henry C  " " Perryville, Ky.
Smith, Jerome L  " '• Perryville. See VI.
Sweet, Jesse M  ' Aug. 5,1864. Atlanta, Ga.
Waterman, William A.. '¦ Oct. 8,1862. Perryville, Ky.
Waterman, Adna  " " Perryville. See VI.
WMpple, Perry M  ¦ " Perryville, Ky.

COnPANY H.
NAME. RANK. WHEN.
Ira F. Mansfield  1 st Sergt. Oct. 8, 1862.
Florentine M. Simon. .. Sergt. "
•Abram S. McCurley — " "
JohnW.Nesbit  " June 18, 1864.
Manassas Miller  Corporal.
AndrewGeddes  " "
Baker, William H  Private. Oct. 8,1862.
Brenaman, Constantine, " May 14,1864.
Engle Zimri  " Oct. 8,1862.
Engle, Zimri  " June 14, 1864.
Homstine, Bacilla  " Oct. 8,1862.
Hunt.Alfred  "
Ingling, William D  " "
Kirk, Robert A  " "
Kirkbride, Asher  " Nov. 25, 1863.
Kirkbride, James  " Oct. 8,1862.
Miller, Addison  " "
Myers. Jonathan  " "
Naylor, William H 
Weldy, Moses  " Aug. 1864.

REMARKS.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Kenesaw Mt., Ga.
Kenesaw Mt., Ga.
Kenesaw Mt., Ga.
Perryville. See VI.
Resaca, Ga.
Perryville, Ky.
Kenesaw Mt.,Ga.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville. See VI.
Perryville. Ky.
Mission Ridge. See VI
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville. Ky.
Perryville. See VI.
Atlanta, Ga.

COHPANY I.
NAME. RANK. WHEN.
Charles H. Brigden .... 1st Lieut. Oct. 8,1862.
L. Newton Parker  IstSergt. "
Harvey W. Partridge . . " Sep. 20. 1863.
William Enos  Sergt. Oct. 8,1862.
Alden F. Brooks  Corporal. "
Hugh M. Boys  " Sep. 20, 1863.
Robert N. Holcomb  " Oct. 8,1862.
Dillen J. Turner  " "
Philip Reynolds  " Sep. 19, 1863.
Ambrose J. Bailey  " Nov. 25, 1863.
Andrews, Elmer H  Private. Oct. 8,1862.
Butler, Frank A  " Aug. 20, 1864.
•Collyer, George E  " Dec. 30, 1862.
.Creighton, William  " Oct 8,1862.

REMARKS.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Chickamauga. See VI.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Chickamauga, Ga.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Chickamauga, Ga.
Mission Ridge. See VI.
Perryville. See VI.
Near Atlanta, Ga.
Near Glasgow, Ky.
Perryville. See VI.

APPENDIX.

Table II— Company I— Continued.
NAME. RANK. WHEN. REMARKS.
Delano, Horace  Private. " Perryville, Ky.
Frisby, Augustus B  " " Perryville, Ky.
Gidelings, Frederick M. " " Perryville, Ky.
Hake, Samuel  " Sep. 20, 1863. Chickamauga, Ga.
Hazletine, John G  " " Chickamauga, Ga.
Haine, William J  " Oct. 8,1862. Perryville, Ky.
Knight, Hiram T  " Sep. 19, 1863. Chickamauga. See VI
Lyman, John W  " Oct. 8,1862. Perryville, Ky.
Lyman, George W  " " Perryville, Ky.
Morris, Thomas G  " " Perryville, Ky.
Morse, Marvin  " Aug. 4,1864. Atlanta, Ga.
Perry, Worthy  " Oct. 8,1862. Perryville, Ky.
Perkins, Luoius  " Aug. 13, 1864. Altanta, Ga.
Rowe,AlbertG  " June 14, 1864. Kenesaw Mt. See VI.
Sealy, Esau A  " Nov. 25, 1863. Mission Ridge, Tenn.
Sealy.EsauA  " Aug. 3,1864. Atlanta. See VI.
Talcott, Whitman B ... . " Oct. 8.1862. Perryville. See VI.
Triloff, William F  " Feb. 18, 1865. Broad River, S.C.
Whitcomb.EdwinA.... " Oct. 8,1862. Perryville, Ky.
Webb, Darwin  " " Perryville, Ky.

COMPANY K.

NAME.

RANK.

WHEN.

Clayborne A. Eddy 

Sergt.

Apr. 16, 1865

William O. Smith 

Corporal.

Oct. 8, 1862.

Sep. 19, 1863.

BabcOck, Benjamin N . .

Private.

Sep. 23, 1863.

Oct. 8, 1862
Burlingame, Edwin R..
"
"
Barnard, Francis N —
"
"
Bigelow, w imam Hi 
June 18, 1864
Early, Elbridge F 
Oct. 8, 1862.
Hicock, Clay 
"
Hanna, Lyman P 
"
Hutchinson, Stephen J.
Nov. 25, 1863.
Jenkins, Aaron 
Oct. 8, 1862.
Webb, Andrew W 
"
"
"
"
Wright, William W....
"
"
REMARKS.
Near Holly Springs.
N. C. See VI.
Perryville, Ky.
Chickamauga. See V I.
Chickamauga, Ga.
Perryville. See VI.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Kenesaw Mt.,Ga.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
Mission Ridge, Tenn.
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville. See VI
Perryville, Ky.
Perryville, Ky.
xl

APPENDIX.

TABLE III.
Captured.

COHPANY A.

NAME. RANK.
Robert C. Porter  Sergt.
Barr, Alexander  Private.
Bowen, Thomas 
Bojle, John A 
Coulter, James C 
Cowley, Hugh 
Edmonds, David 

Fair, Emanuel...
Foster, John C...
Hulburt, Frank..

WHEN.
Jan. 21, 1863.

Harber, Aaron 
Heiligen, Frederick...
Kyle, Wesley 
Morris, Isaac 
Malcomson. James...
Rup, Reuben B 
Renn, John W 
Smith, Benjamin 
Sparrow, Emmons 
Stambaugh, John E..
Stewart, John Allen..
Stewart, Samuel M....

Sep."20, 1863.
Jan. 21, 1863.
Sep. 20, 1863.
Jan. 21, 1863.

Sep. 20, 1863.
Jan. 21, 1863.

REMARKS.
Near Murfreesboro, Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
See VIII.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
See VIII.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Chickamauga. Exchanged.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled..
Chickamauga. Died. See VI.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled..
Near Murfreesboro, Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Chickamauga. Died. See VI..
Chickamauga. See VIII.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.

COflPANY B.

NAME. RANK.
Beebe, Henry L  Private.
Colton, Francis 

Crawford, James A..

Hart, Adelbert..
Hart, Adelbert..

Hadsell, Edwin 
Kelly, Hugh R 
Mayer, William 
Mason, Charles H...
Phillips, Dwight B..
Prentice, Albert D..
Rush, Daniel 
Shafer, Jacob 
Shafer, Charles 
Smith, John 
Ulrich, Martin W...
Wildman, John E...
Welsh, William C.

WHIN.
Oct. 8, 1862.
Sep. 20, 1863.

Jan. 21, 1863.
Sep. 20, 1863.
Jan. 21, 1863.

Sep. 20, 1863.
Jan. 21,1863.

Sep. 20, 1863,

REMARKS.
Perryville. Paroled. See VIIl
Chickamauga. Escaped from
Andersonville.
Chickamauga. Exchanged.
D. See VI.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Chickamauga. Exchanged.
D. See VI.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Escaped
Near Murfreesboro. Escaped
Chickamauga, Ga. See VIII.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.,
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Chickamauga, Died. See VI.

COMPANY C.

NAME. RANK.
Bartholomew, Erastus..Private.
Jones, William  "
Lewis, William  "

WHEN. REMARKS.
Sep. 20, 1863. Chickamauga. Died. See VI
Jan. 21, 1863. Near Murfreesboro. Paroled'
" Near Murfreesboro. Paroled'

APPENDIX.

xii

Table IU— Company C
NAME. RANK. WHEN.
Mackey, John M  Private Jan. 21, 1863
McLain, Richard H  " "
McKenzie, James R  " ¦•
Miller, Charles E  Wagoner. "
Osborn, Alfred  Private. "
Powers, Wilson S  " "
Rosser. John P  " "
Robinson, Thomas  " "
Rees, William R 
Roberts, John  " "
Sutton, Samuel  " "
Shealon, David J  ¦'
Seachrist, Isaiah  " "
Stewart, Nelson O  "

— Continued. REMARKS.
Near Murfreesboro. Escaped
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
See VIII.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
See VIII.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.

COllPANY D. „
NAME. RANK. WHEN. REMARKS.
Alonzo Chubb  2d Lieut. Jan. 21, 1863. Near Murfreesboro. Ex
changed May 8, 1863.
Marshall A. Teachout.... Corporal. " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Brooks, Samuel  Private. " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Belden, Francis E  " Sep. 20, 1863. Chickamauga. D. See VI.
Giddings, Anson E  " Jan. 21, 1863. Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Grover, Alonzo  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Hall, Henry  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Jackson. Stewart D  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Morse, Bliss  " ". Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Sill, Joshua H  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.

COnPANY E.
NAME. RANK. WHEN.
Byron W. Canfield  Captain Jan. 21, 1863.
Albert A. Champlin  Wagoner. "
Bridgeman, Ansel O  Private. "
Dayton, William  " Sep. 19, 1863.
Eggleston, Wellington.. " Feb. 1, 1865.
Hayes, Elisha W  ' Jan. 21, 1863.
Hill, Almon  " "
Mowrey, James A  ' Sep. 20, 1863.
McFarland, McKendrie. " Jan. 21, 1863.
Pease, Byron A  " "
Potter, Edward 
Reed, Daniel J  " "
Strickland, Walter  " "
Stillwell, William  " "
Watts, Alonzo S 

REMARKS.
Near Murfreesboro. Ex
changed May 8, 1863.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Chickamauga. D. See VI.
Sister's Ferry, Ga. Paroled.
See V.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Chickamauga. Exchanged.
Near Murfreesboro. Escaped.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Escaped.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro, Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro, Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Escaped.

COHPANY F.
NAME. RANK. WHEN.
Charles R Brown  Sergt. Sep. 20, 1863.
Josiah King  Corporal. Sep. 19, 1863.
Burnett, Isaac  Private. Jan. 21, 1863.
Burnett Isaac  Mar.19, 1863.
Barnes, James  " Jan. 21,1863.
Caley, Charles 

REMARKS.
Chickamauga. Escaped from
rebel prison, Danville, Va
Chickamauga. Died. See VI.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled,
Near Milton, Tenn. Ex
changed. D. See VI.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.

xiii

APPENDIX.

Table III— Company F— Continued
NAME. RANK. WHEN.
Clark, Nathan T 
Crawford, Emery  " "
Davidson, Erastus  " "
Dimmick, Orlando  " ''
Doolittle, Charles F 
Downing, John D  "
Ely, Ira 
Green, Horace  " "
Greenfield, Judson  " "
Kelsey, Arthur  " "
Marsh, Henry  " Sep. 19, 1863.
Martin, George  ' "
Payne, Wallace B  " Jan. 21,1863.
Schram, Watson, S  " "
Woodard, Dwight H  " Sep. 19, 1863.

REMARKS.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Escaped
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Chickamaugua. Ga. Escaped.
See VIII.
Chickamauga, Ga. Died, See
VI.
Near Murfreesboro. Escaped
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Chickamauga, Ga. Paroled.

COHPANY Q.
NAME. RANK. WHEN. REMARKS.
Albion W. Tourgee  IstLieut. Jan. 21,1863. Near Murfreesboro, Tenn.
Exchanged May 8, 1863.
Orson L. Marsh  Corporal. " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Abbott, Solon M  Private. Oct. 8,1862. Perryville. Paroled. SeeVIII
Benjamin Lavistne J  " Jan, 21, 1863. Near Murfreesboro, Tenn.
Paroled. See VIII.
Baldwin, Franklin  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Chapin, Stephen W  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Compton, John D  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Cook, Luke  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Devor, William P  " Sep. 4, 1862. Near Frankfort, Ky. Paroled.
See VIII.
Eaton, Irwin  " Jan. 21, 1863. Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Jones, James L  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Jones, James L  " Sep. 20,1863. Chickamauga, Ga. D. See VI
Parker, Seth  " Jan. 21, 1863. Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Rood, Orville A  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Spencer, John C  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Stoll, Henry C  " Feb. 1, 1865. Near Sister's Ferry, Ga.
Paroled, See V.
COHPANY H.
NAME. RANK WHEN. REMARKS.
William K, Mead  Corp. Jan. 21,1863. Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Jason W. Silver  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Ellinger, John F  Private. " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Grossman, John  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Hartzell, Joshua  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Harrison, Jeremiah  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Hayes, David  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Hutton, Henry  " Oct. 8, 1862. Perry ville. Paroled. See VUI
Kirkbride, James  " Jan. 21, 1863. Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Kirkbride, Asher  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Kaiser, Frank  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Middleton, William H.... " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Naylor, James B  ' " Near Murfreesboro, Paroled.
Owen, Eli J  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Park, James  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Price, Charles D  " '• Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Raub, Samuel K  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Rummell, Joseph  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Stewart, Royal M  " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Shuick, George  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Spitler, George J  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Stutler, Jesse  " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Van Norden, Charles A. " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Wire, Samuel  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Weldy, Moses  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.

APPENDIX.

xliii

Table III— Continued, Company I.
NAME. RANK. WHEN. REMARKS.
Dillen J. Turner  Corp. Sep. 20, 1863. Chickamauga. Paroled. SeeV
Philip Reynolds  " Sep, 19, 1863. Chickamauga. Paroled. Seell
Joseph B. Ashley  Wagon'r. Jan. 21,1863. Near Murfreesboro. Escaped
Harrison, Manuel J  Private. Sep. 20, 1863. Chickamauga. D. See VI.
Harrison, Salathiel  " " Chickamauga. Paroled. See V
Hake, Samuel  " " Chickamauga. Paroled. See II
Jones, Roderick M  " Sep. 2. 1862. Lexington, Ky. Paroled.
Jones, Roderick M  " Jan. 21, 1863. Near Murfreesboro. Escaped
Joslin, Benjamin  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Kellogg, John  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Kelly, Edgar A  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Knowlton, Newton  " " Near Murfreesboro. Escaped
Lyman, George W  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Morse, Marvin  " Sep. 2, 1862. Lexington, Ky. Paroled.
Morse, Marvin  " Jan. 21, 1863. Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Morris, Thomas S  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Northway, Henry D  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Perkins, Lucius  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Rowe, Albert G  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Steele. Calvin F  " " Near Murfreesboro. Escaped
Smith, Cyrus T  " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.

COHPANY K.
NAME. RANK. WHEN.
Alderman, Ellsworth A. ^Private. Jan. 21 , 1863.
Alderman, Cassius M.... " "
Bigelow, William E 
Darrow, Alfred  " "
Eddy, Clayborne A  " "
Gary, David  " "
Hutchinson, Arthur G... "
Hutchinson, David  " "
Hines, Isaac  " "
Hines, Isaac  " Sep. 19, 1863.
Jenkins, Aaron  " Jan. 21, 1863.
King, Amos H  " Mar. 1,1865.
Pratt, Charles  " Jan. 21,1863.
Slater, Albert A 
Seymour, George  "
Warren, Francis  "
Williams, Joel  " Oct. 8, 1862.

REMARKS.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Escaped
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro, Tenn.
Paroled. D. See VI.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Chickamauga, Ga. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Lancaster, S. C. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Escaped
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled.
Perryville, Ky. Exchanged.

xliv

APPENDIX.

TABLE IV.
Transferred.
Abbreviations :
V. R. C— Veteran Reserve Corps.
V. V. E. — Veteran Volunteer Engineers.
COriPANY A.

NAME. RANK.

WHEN.

John F. McCollom  Corporal.

Nov. 21, 1864

Charles C. Stover  Musician

June 1, 1865.

"

Bailey, William 

"

Christy, James 

"

Cook, Dugald 

July 20, 1863.

Foster, John C 

July 27, 1863.

Jan. 9, 1865.

Heiliger, Oscar C. F....

June 1,1865.

Herrington, Frederick. .

"

Hotham, Leonard K ,

"

Hovrard, Edward L  "

"

Jones, William L 
Kaine, Anthony 

"

Kelly Stephen T 
McCambridge, Patrick..

Feb. 15, 1864.
June 1, 1865.

McKibben, Robert 

Oct. 9, 1863.

Dec. 28, 1864.

June 1, 1865.
Patterson, James 
Porter, Lewis 
Feb. 7, 1865.
Reed, Eli S 
June 1, 1865.
"
Russell, Elijah B 
"
Sep. 12, 1863.
June 1,1865.
Stambaugh, Samuel N. .
Stewart, James 
Mar. 17, 1864.
June 1, 1865.
Stewart, John Alexand'r '
July 29, 1863.
Stewart, John Allen  "
Mar. 11, 1864.
REMARKS.
To V. R. C. Dis. Dec. 5, 1864,
for disability.
To Co. B 38th O.V. I. * July
12, 1865.
To Co. B 38th O. V. I. *
July 12, 1865.
To Co. F 38th O.V. I. * July
12, 1865.
To Co. K 38th O.V. I. * July
12, 1865.
To Co. E 1st Regt. V. V. E.
* June 24, 1865.
To Co. I 8th Regt. V. R. C. *
July 1, 1865.
To Co. P 7th Regt. V. R. C. *
June 28, 1865.
To Co. K 38th O.V. I. * July
12, 1865.
To Co. A 38th O.V. I. * June
19, 1865.
To Co. A 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
To Co. K 38th O.V. I. * July
12, 1865.
To Co. A 38th O. V. I.
To Co. K 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
To V. R. C.
To Co. K 38th O.V. I. * Julv
12,1865.
To 423 Co. 2d Battalion V. R.
C. * June 29, 1865.
To Co. H 5th Regt. V. R. C.
* July 5, 1865.
To Co. K 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
To Co. D 38th O. V. I.
To Co. A 15th Regt. V. R. C.
* July 22, 1865.
To Co. K 38th O.V. I. * July
12, 1865.
To Co. K 38th O.V. I, * Julv
12, 1865.
To Co. K 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
To V. R. C.
To Co. F 38th O, V. I. * Julv
12, 1865.
To V. R. C.
To Co. K 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
To Co. B 1st Regt. V.V. E. *
Sep. 26, 1865.
To V. R. C.
APPENDIX.

xiv

Table IV— Company A— Continued.

NAME. RANK.
Stewart, Cyrus  Private.
Warner, John W 
Whetstone, David C  '¦

WHEN.
June 1, 186

NAME.
William Hughes.

RANK.
..Sergt.

Dayton, Charles R  Private.
Decker, William 
Harven, William 
Jackson, Hugh W 
Johnson, William H 
Lake, Lafayette 

Long, Lewis 
Moyer, William..

COHPANY B.
WHEN.
Oct. 23, 1863,
June 1, 1865.

Oliver, Cyrus 
Prentice, Albert D. .

Prentice, Edward. .
Rawdon, Calvin L..

Rawdon, Martin B . . .
Shafer, Morrison P..

Sparks, Lorenz H..
Weirman, Samuel..

Mar. 16, 1864.
July 20. 1864.
Aug, 1,1863.
Apr. 30, 1864.

Sep. 23, 1863.
June 1, 1865.

May 31, 1864.
June 1, 1865.

COHPANY C.
NAMES. RANK. WHEN.
Thomas C, Hogle  Musician. Dec. 22,1864.

Brandt, John B  Private.
Carron, William  "
Davis, Gwilym 
Davis, Morgan 
Dice, George M 
Graham, William P 
Heir, George 
Heir, Thomas 
Hull, Hiram F 
Quigley, Thomas 

Apr. 11, 1864.
Dec. 21, 1864.
June 1, 1865.

July 18, 1864,
June 1 , 1865.
July 18, 1864.
Sep, 1, 1863.

REMARKS.
To Co. K 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1866.
To Co. A 38th O. V. I * July
12, 1865.
To Co. A 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.

REMARKS.
To 87th Co. 2d Battalion V
R.C. as Sergt. * June 28,
1865.
To Co. C 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
To Co. B 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
To Co. B 38th O.V.I, as Wm.
Harbor. * July 12, 1865.
To Co. C 38th O. V. I. * June
7, 1865.
To Co. D 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
To Co. B 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
To V. R. C.
To Co.C 1st Regt. V. V. E.
Sep. 26, 1865.
To Co. K 12th Regt. V. R. C.
Dis. June 1 . 1865.
To 154th Co. 2d Battalion V
R.C. Dis for disability
May 26, 1865,
To V. R. C.
To Co. K 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
To Co. B 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
To Co. B 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
To V. R. C.
To Co. B 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.

REMARKS.
To Co. 1. 15th Regt.V. R.C. *
July 1, 1865.
To Co. H 12th Regt. V. R, C.
* June 29, 1865.
To Co. A 15th Regt. V. R. C.
* July 22, 1865.
To Co. D 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
To Co. D 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
To Co. D 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
To Co. A 1st Regt. V. V. E,
* Sep. 26, 1865.
To Co. C 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
To Co. C 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
To Co. A 1st Regt. V. V. E.
* Sep. 26, 1865.
To V. R. C.

xlvi

APPENDIX.

Table IV— Company C— Continued.
NAME. RANK. WHEN. REMARKS.
Richards, John B  " June 1, 1865. To Co. C 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
Thomas, John B  " " To Co. C 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865,
Wambaugh, John  " Sep. 1,1863. To V. R. C.
Webster, Daniel  " June 1. 1865. To Co. D 38th O V. I. * July
12 186'
Whitehouse, Edward. . " To Co'. F 38th O. V.
COHPANY D.
NAME. RANK. WHEN. REMARKS.
William D. Curtis  Sergt. Sep. 15, 1863. To V. R. C.
HarlanP.Hall  Corporal. June 1,1865. To Co. I 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
Francis M. Judd  " July 27, 1863. To V. R. C.
Back, Fernando C  Private. Apr. 20, 1864. To Gunboat service.
Back, Fernando C  " June 1,1865. To Co. I 38th Regt. O.V. I. *
July 12,1865.
Cady, Fordyce W  ' July 27, 1863. To Co. I 8th Regt.V. R. C. *
Julyl, 1865.
Giddings, Anson E  " Mar. 7,1864. To V. R. C.
Grover, Alonzo  " July 27, 1863. To Co. I 8th Regt. V. R. C.
* July 1,1865.
HaU, Henry  " Mar. 2,1864. To Co. K 5th Regt. V. R. C.
* July 22, 1865.
Hall, James E  " Oct. 26,1862. To 17th Ills. Cav. * Dec.
14, 1865.
Lockwood, Pulaski  " June 1,1865. To Co. C 38th O. V. 1. *
June 24, 1865.
Reynolds, George W  " Apr. 6,1864. To Co.G 16th Regt. V. R. C.
* July 3, 1865.
Swayne, John  " June 1,1865. To Co. I 38th O. V. I. *
July 12, 1865.
Wakelu, Byron  " " To Co. I 38th O. V. I. *
July 12, 1865.
Wells, Walter C  " Mar. 16, 1864. To V. R. C.
Weliman, Alonzo  " Apr. 20, 1864, To Gunboat service.
COriPANY E.
NAME. RANK. WHEN. REMARKS.
Alshouse, Jonas  Private  To Co. G 15th Regt. V. R. C.
* July 8, 1865.
Brewer. Justin  " Mar. 15, 1864. To Co. K 5th Regt. V. R. C.
* July 5, 1865.
Conley, Fernando C  " " To V. R. C.
Hayes, Elisha W  " July 18, 1864. To V. V. E.
Logan, Henry  " Mar. 15, 1864. To V. R. C.
Norton, James H  " Mar. 15, 1865. To 155th Co. 2d Battalion V.
R. C. * June 30, 1865.
Patchin, David  " June 1,1865. To Co. E. 38th O.V.I. *
July 12, 1865.
Pease, Abner J  " " To Co. E 38th O. V. I.*
July 12, 1865.
COHPANY F.
NAME. RANK. WHEN. REMARKS.
William Doty  Prin. mus. June 1,1865. To 38th O. V. 1. * June 10
1865.
Auxer, John H  Private. Apr. 22,1864. To 154th Co. 2d Battalion V
„, „ . R- C. * July 12, 1865.
Blood, Adorno  " June 1,1865. To Co. E 38th O. V. I *
July 12, 1865.

APPENDIX.

xlvii

Table IV— Company F— Continued.
NAME. RANK. WHEN. REMARKS.
Call, Francis M  Private. May 31,1864. To 151st Co. 2d Battalion V.
„ . , T . R. C. * June 30, 1865
Cassidy.John  " Jan. 22, lo63. To V. R. C.
Cousins, Levi B  " June 1,1865. To Co. E 38th O. V. I. *
„. . , „ , July 12, 1865.
Dimmick, Orlando  " Mar. 7,1864. To 2d Battalion V. R. C. *
„ , „ , June 17, 1865.
Fales, Frank,  " May 6,1863. To Co. F 1st Regt. V. V. E.
,„.„. * June 27, 1865.
Ferry, William  " June 1,1865. To Co. E 38th O.V. I. * July
„ T , 12,1865.
Foote, Loami M  " Feb. 11, 1864. To V. R. C.
Gray, Charles  " June 1,1865. To Co. E 38th O. V. I. *
„ ,. July 12, 1865.
Hobert, Marcene  ' Sep. 20, 1864. To 23d Regt. V. R. C.
Kelsey, Arthur  " June 1,1865. To Co. F 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
Ketchum, Daniel  " " To Co. F 38th O.V. I. * June
13, 1865.
Manchester, Lyman  ¦' " To Co. E 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
Newcomb, Frank E  " Dec. 12, 1863. To V. R. C.
Pierce, Alison I  " June 1,1865. To Co. G 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
Riley, Charles H  " " To Co. E 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
Rand, Cassius M  " " To Co. G 38th O.V. I. Absent
sick. * June 10, 1865.
Saddler.John  " " To Co. E 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
Saxton, Seymour  " " To Co. I 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
Scott, Chauncey B  " " To Co. I 38th O. V. I. Dis.
for dis. May 20, 1865.
Waters, Rollin A  " April 6,1864. To 149th Co. 2d Battalion V.
R. C. * June 30, 1865.

COnPANY Q.
NAME. RANK. WHEN.
Fayette, Blood  Corporal. Apr. 18,1864.
Barker, Edmond J  Private. Mar. 13, 1865.
Barnes, William H  " July 29, 1864.
Cook, Luke  " Mar. 15, 1864.
De Wolf, John W  " Apr. ...1864.
Drake, William  " Dec. 12, 1863.
Fuller, Martin H  " June 1,1865.
Giddings, Francis W.... " Dec. 15, 1863.
Kirby, George  " July 20, 1864.
Metcalf, George L  " July 27, 1863,
Munn, Herman D  " Jan. 28, 1864.
Sill, Theodore  " 
Spencer, John C  " Mar. 16, 1864.
Swartout, Lacy  " July 27, 1863.
Sweet, Jesse M  " June 1,1865.
Torry, Seneca D  " "
Williams, Milton  " "

REMARKS.
To U. S. Navy.
To 155th Co. 2d Battalion V.
R. C. * July 26, 1865.
To Co. B 1st Regt. V. V. E.
* June 30, 1865.
To V. R. C.
To U. S. Navy.
To V. R. C.
To Co. K 38th O. V. I. *
June 2, 1865.
To I20th Co.2d Batln.V.R.C.
To Co. E 1st Regt. V. V. E.
* Sep. 26, 1865.
To Co. H 8th Regt. V. R. C.
* July 2, 1865.
To V. R. C
To Co. E 17th Regt. V R. C.
* June 29, 1865.
To Co. H 8th Regt. V. R. C.
* July 2, 1865.
To Co. I 8th Regt. V. R. C.
* July 1,1865.
To Co F 38th Regt. O. V. I.
* July 12, 1865.
To Co. G 38th Regt. O. V. 1.
* July 12. 1865.
To Co. G 38th Regt. O. V. I.
* July 12, 1865.

xlviii

APPENDIX.

Table IV — Continued, Company H.
NAME. RANK. WHEN. REMARKS.
Almon, Eastman  Corporal. Nov. 13, 1863. To Co. A 8th Regt. V. R. C.
* June 17, 1865.
Courtney, Frederick  Private. July 27, 1863. To Co I 8th Regt. V. R. C.
* July I, 1865.
Hornstine, Bacilla  " Feb. 23, 1863. To Miss. Marine Corps.
Hunt, Chauncey M  " Nov. 6,1863. To V. R. C.
Kirkbride, James  " July 18, 1864. To Co. A 1st Regt.V. V. E.
* Sep. 26, 1865.
Shaffer, James  " June 1,1865. To Co. A 38th Regt. O. V. I.
* July 12, 1865.
Stewart, Royal M  " Nov. 28. 1863. ToV R. C.
Whetstone, Isaac B  " June 1,1865 To Co. A 38th Regt. O. V. I.
* July 12, 1865.
Witmer, Lewis  " " To Co. G 38th Regt. O. V. I.
* July 12. 1865.
Witzeman, Benjamin.. " " To Co. G 38th Regt. O. V. I.
* July 12, 1865.
Young, John  " Mar. 1,1864. To V. R. C.

COHPANY I.

NAME. RANK. WHEN.
Roberts. Abell  Corporal. -Mar. 31, 1864.
Bunting, Robert L  Private. July 29,1864.

Haine, George 
Hazeltine, John G..

Kellogg, John 
Knowles, Thomas J..
Lane, George 

Lockwood, Edgar. . .
Patchin, James W..

Perry, Worthy....
Rulapaugh, John..
Webb, Darwin 

Wildman, Ira..

Jan. 14. 1864.
Mar. 20, 1864.
Sep. 24, 1864.
July 18, 1864.
June 1, 1865.
Nov. 28, 1863.
Mar. 15, 1865.
Jan. 5, 1864.
Sep. 26. 1863.
Oct. 29, 1863.
May 18, 1863.

REMARKS.
To V. R. C. * June 13, 1865.
To Co. B 1st Regt. V. V. E.
* Sep. 26, 1865.
To V. R. C.
To Co. H 19th Regt. V R C.
* July 13, 1865.
To 187th Co. 1st Battalion
V. R. C.
To Co. A 1st Regt. V. V. E.
* Sep. 26, 1865.
To Co. B 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.
To V. R. C.
To 35th Co. 2d Battalion V.
R. C. * July 17, 1865.
To Co. C 23d Regt. V. R. C. *
July 13, 1865.
To V. R. C.
To Co. C 15th Regt. V. R. C.
* July 13, 1865.
To Miss. Marine Brigade.

COHPANY K.

NAME RANK. WHEN.
Horatio M. Smith  1st Lieut. Jan. 16,1864.
Burgett, Harrison  Private. Oct. 29,1863.
Burgett. Harrison H  " July 18, 1864.
Enos, Andrew  " June 1,1865.
Farl, William  " Aug. 3,1863.
Mann, John  " July 27, 1863.
Parker, Alburtus W  " "
Sweet, Jillitt S  " Aug. 19, 1863.
Towen. Herbert  " June 1,1865.

REMARKS.
Pr, Capt. Post Q. M, Chat
tanooga. * Brevt.-Mai.
U. S. A.
To V. R. C.
To V. V. E.
To Co. G 38th O. V. I. * Julv
12, 1865.
To V. R. C.
To Co. E 17th Regt. V. R. C.
* June 17, 1865.
To Co. I 8th Regt. V. R. C.
* July 1,1865.
To Co. D 2d Regt. V. R. C.
* July 5, 1865.
To Co. G 38th O. V. I. * July
12, 1865.

APPENDIX. xlix

TABLE V.
Mustered Out at Close of War,
Absent from Regiment for Cause.
COMPANY A.
NAME. RANK. WHEN. WHERE. REMARKS.
James Morris  Sergt. June 10, 1865. Cleveland, O. Det. service.
William G. Davis  Corp. May 3. 1865. Cleveland, O. Ab. Wounded.
Kelley, Mahershalal...Private. " Cp. Dennison.O. Ab. Sick.
COHPANY B.
Bear, Abner  Private. June 9, 1865, Cleveland, O. Det. service.
Lattin, Wright  " May 30, 1865. Madison, Ind. Ab. Sick.
COMPANY C.
Culver, James  Private. July 14, 1865. Cleveland, O. Ab. Sick.
Edwards, John F  " June 10, 1865. Cleveland, O. Det. service.
Evans, Ezeriah  " July 17, 1865. Cleveland, O. Ab. Sick.
COMPANY D.
Warren Jennings  Sergt. June 10,1865. Cleveland, O. Det. service.
Seth Weeks  " June 2, 1865. Nashville.Tenn. Det. service.
Charles E. Doolittle.. Corp. May 31, 1865. Nashville.Tenn. Det. duty.
Ackley, Amiel J  Private. June 27, 1865. Columbus, O. Det. duty.
Vickers, Frederick  " June 1, 1865. Cleveland, O. Ab. Wounded.
Wakelee, Oscar R  " June 16, 1865. Cleveland, O. Det. service.
Wakelee, Arthur B  " " Cleveland, O. Det. service.
COHPANY E.
Eggleston.WellingtonPrivate. June 16. 1865. Camp Chase, O. Ab. Prisoner.
Jones, Delavan  " June 15, 1865. Nashville.Tenn. Det. in hos.
King, Eleazar A  " June 26, 1865. Cleveland. O. Wounded & det.
Ladow. Sylvester  " June 9, 1865. Nashville.Tenn. Ab. Wounded.
Russell, Elmer  " May 30, 1865. Nashville.Tenn. Det. Hos. duty.
COHPANY F.
David C. Beardsley. .. Sergt. June 2, 1865. Camp Dennison. Det. duty,
Radcliff, Charles  Private. May 17, 1865. Nashville.Tenn. Ab. Sick.
COHPANY Q.
Pease, John D  Private. June 2, 1865. Cp. Dennison.O. Ab. Sick.
Richmond. Sherman S. " June 3. 1865. Nashville.Tenn. Det. duty.
Stoll, HenryC  " June 16, 1865. Camp Chase, O. Ab. Prisoner.
COHPANY H.
John C. Hartzell  Captain. June 7, 1865. Columbus, O. Det. service.
Flaugher, Joseph H. .Private. May 29, 1865. New York City. Ab. Sick.
COMPANY I.
Hugh M. Boys  Corp. May 11, 1865. Nashville.Tenn. Ab. Wounded.
Dillen J. Turner  •' June 26, 1865. Camp Chase, O. Ab. Prisoner.
Anderson, Thomas  Private. May 30, 1365. Cleveland, O. Det. service.
Butler, Frank A  " June 7, 1865. Cleveland, O. Ab. Wounded.
Harrison. Salathiel  " June 16, 1865. Camp Chase, O. Ab. Prisoner.
Triloff, William F  " June 9, 1865. Cp. Dennison, O.Ab. Wounded.
Wilcox, William R.... " May 26, 1865. Louisville, Ky. WithHos.Corps
COHPANY K.
William O. Smith  Corp. June 3.1865. Nashville,Tenn. Det service.
Hutchinson.StephenJ.Private June 2,1865. Chattan'ga.TennDet. service.
King, Amos H  " June 24. 1865. Camp Chase, O. Ab. Prisoner.
Wilson, Frederick W.. " July 13, 1865. Columbus, O. Det. service.

APPENDIX.

TABLE VI.
Killed and Died in Service.
COHPANY A.
NAME. RANK. DATE. WHERE. WH EKE INTERRED.
Nathan W. King  Sergt. Sep. 11, 1863 Killed. Chicka
mauga.
Lafayette McCoy  " Mar. 7, 1863 Murfr'sbro, Tenn Stone River
Cemetery.
William H. Craig  " Sep. 20, 1863 Killed. Chicka
mauga.
Joseph Applegate  Corp. Oct. 8,1862 Killed. Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson, Ky.
George W. Walser  " June 28. 1863 Nashville.Tenn. Sec. '• E"gr. 437
Barr, Alexander  Private. Oct. 8,1863 Chatta'ga, Tenn. Chatta'ga.Tenn
Boyle, John A  " Oct 19, 1863 Nashville.Tenn. Sec. "E '' gr. 116
Coulter, James C  " July 21, 1863 Nashville.Tenn. Nashville.Tenn
Houston. Richard  " Aug. 16, 1864 Atlanta, Ga. Sec. J gr. 26,
Huston, Dickson  " " " Marietta, Ga.
Lewis, Benjamin B  " Mar. 24, 1863 Murfr'sbro.Tenn Sec. N gr. 228.
Stone R.Cem'ry
McGinty, Michael  " Oct. 8, 1862 Killed.Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson, Ky.
McLarin, John  " July 25, 1864 Louisville, Ky. Sec.B.Row9,gr. 71, C. H. Cem.
Miller, Albert  " Oct. 8, 1862 Killed. Perry've. Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Morris, Isaac  '¦ Sep. 5, 1864 Andersonv'e.Ga. Andersoville, Ga.,gr. 7896.
Ni black. Henry  " Oct. 8, 1862 Killed. Perry've. Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Price, William B  " Oct. 29, 1862 Louisville, Ky. Cave Hill Ce'ry.
Reep, Reuben B  " Aug. 26, 1863 Cowan, Tenn. Stone R.Cemr'y
Shingledecker, John,.. " Mar. 3, 1865 Poland, O. Poland, O.
Smith, Benjamin  " Sep. 18, 1864 Anderson've.Ga. Andersonville, Ga.
Stewart, William W,.. " Aug. 12, 1863 University.Tenn 
Thomas. John B  " Nov. 19, 1863 Munfordv'e, Ky. Cave Hill Ce'ry.
Webb, John H  " Oct. 8, 1862 Danville, Ky. Sec. 2, gr. 20.
Wetherstay, Henry  " Oct. 18, 1863 Chatta'ga, Tenn Sec. C, gr. 376.
Williams. Clytus  " April 3, 1863 Murfr'sbro.Tenn Stone R.Cem'ry
Williams, James  " Oct 8, 1862 Killed.Perryv'e, Cp. Nelson, Ky.
COMPANY B.
NAME. RANK. DATE. WHERE. WHERE INTERRED.
Ephraim Kee  Capt. Jan, 19, 1863 Murfr'sbro.Tenn Greene, O.
Merrit Emerson  2d Lieut. June 13, 1863 Murfr'sbro.Tenn Vienna, O.
Jonas E. Wannema'kr. 1 st Sergt.Oct. 8, 1862 Killed.Perry've.-Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Edward S.PalfreemanSergt. Jan. 18, 1864 Murfr'sbro.Tenn Sec. N, gr. 163.il
Stone R.Cem'ry
John A. Ewalt  Corp. July 8, 1863 Louisville, Ky. Cave H. Cem'ry
Hiram J. Scott  " Sep. 25, 1863 Chickam'ga, Ga 
Ballard, Jonathan  Private. Oct. 8,1862 Killed. Perry've. Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Burlingame, Marcus... " Nov. 21, 1862 Munfordv'e, Ky. Louisville, Ky
C.Hill Cem'ry
Caldwell, Calvin  " Sep. 25, 1863 Chickam'ga, Ga 
Crawford, James A  " Feb. 1, 1865 Annapolis, Md. Annapolis, Md.
Dilley, Herman  " Jan. 19, 1863 Gallatin, Tenn Nashv'e, Tenn.
Sec. P., gr. 34.
Drennon, John  •• Oct. 8, 1862 Killed.Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson, Ky
Grim. Albert  " Oct. 14, 1862 Perryville, Ky. Cp. Nelson, Ky,
Hartman. Joseph  " Sep. 14, 1862 Louisville, Ky. Sec. A, row 28,
grave 14. Cave'
Hill Cem'ry.
Hart, Adelbert  '¦ Dec. 11, 1864 New York Har. Buried at sea.
Heath, Henry  " July 9, 1864 Nashville, Tenn. Sec. J. gr. 391
Helsley, John F  '¦ Oct. 8, 1862 Killed. Perry've. Cp. Nelson, Ky
Hurst, Henry  " Dec. 13, 1862 Munfordv'e, Ky. Louisville. Ky
CaveHiUCe'y
Kelly, Hugh R  " Sep. 8, 1864 Jonesboro, Ga. Marietta, Ga.
Sec. G gr. 969.

APPENDIX.

Table VI— Company B— Continued.
Kennedy.Benjamin F. Private Oot. 8, 1862 Killed.Perryv'e.
Perkins, Addison  ¦¦ Oct. , 1862 Louisville, Ky.
Reeker, Christopher F " Oct. 8, 1862 Killed.Perryv'e.
Rush. Daniel  " Mar. 24, 1865 Goldsboro, N.C.
Ryan, Jacob  •• Oct. 8, 1862 Killed.Perryv'e.
Sage, James  " Dec. 21, 1862 Louisville, Ky.
Taft, Samuel K  " Oct. 14, 1862 Perryville, Ky.
True, William C  " Oct. 8, 1862 Killed.Perryv'e,
Walcott, Newton L.... " Dec. 18, 1862 Munfordv'e, Ky.
Welsh, William C  " Feb. 26, 1864 Danville, Va.

Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Cave H. Cem'ry
Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Raleigh, N. C.
Sec. 4, grave 3
Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Sec. B, row 6, gr
19, Cave Hill
Cemetery.
Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Louisville, Ky.
CaveH.Cem'y
Danville, Va. gr

COMPANY C.

NAME. RANK.
Ambrose C. Mason  Capt.
BartholomewErastus Private.
Davis, William R  "
Evans, William  "
Godshall, William H..
Kelly, Lawrence  "
McLain, Richard H  '¦
Miller, Lemuel B  "
Moser, Lemuel  "
Price, Lemuel  "
Shook, Cornelius  "
Stewart, Nelson O  "
Vally, Adolphus  "
White, Andrew N  "

DATE. WHERE. WHERE INTERRED.
Aug. 27, 1864 East Point, Ga. Chatta'ga, Tenn
Sec. G, gr. B.
June 18, 1864 Andersonv'e,Ga. Anders'ville,Ga grave 1995.
Oct. 30, 1862 Perrville, Ky. Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Sec. E, gr.117.
June 22, 1864 In field hosp 
Dec. 2, 1862 Munfordv'e.Ky. Loulsvlle, Ky.
CaveH.Cem'y

Aug. 12, 1864 In field hosp.
June 6, 1864 In field hosp.
Feb. 5. 1863 Louisville, Ky.

Marietta, Ga.
See J, grave 2
Chatta'ga, Tenn
Sec. C, gr. 375.
Sec.B,row8,gr. 18, Cave Hill
Cemetery.
Dec. 24, 1862 Gallatin, Tenn. Nashville.Tenn
Oct. 4. 1863 Nashville.Tenn. Sec.E, grave 233
Jan. 6, 1864 Cowan, Tenn, " 

May 29, 1863 Niles, O.
Aug. 5, 1864 Killed. Utoy
Sep. 19, 1863 Killed. Chicka
mauga, G.

Murfs'bro.Tenn Stone R. Cem'y.
Died at home.
Marietta, Ga.

COHPANY D.

NAME. RANK.
Solomon D. Williams..Sergt.
John C. Britton  Corp.
Belden, Francis E  Private,
Brooks, Eugene  "
Crandall, Charles  "
Gamer, Frederick R...
Hall, Albert 
Johnson, William W...
Kerr, Moses 
Lamport, Benjamin G.
Lewis, George E  "
Martin, John  "
Mayhew, Edwin H  "
Nash, Ayer W.  "
Nash, Daniel P  ; "
Paine, Alvin B  "
Palmer, Edwin  '
Price, Walter  "
Prouty, Lucius A  "
Ward, Elmer H  "

WHERE,

WHERE INTERRED.

Oct. 28, 1862 Perryville, Ky.
Nov. 25, 1863 Killed. Mission
Ridge.
June 16, 1864 Andersv'e. Ga.

Oct. 8,
June 12.
Oct. 8,
Nov. 9,
Oct. 8,
Sep. 22,
Apr. 4,
Nov. 19,
Nov. 28,

1862 Killed.Perryv'e.
1863 Nashville.Tenn.
1862 Killed.Perryv'e.
1863 Chatta'ga. Tenn.
1862 Killed.Perryv'e.
1863 Chatta'ga.Tenn.
1863 Danville, Ky.
1862 Perryville, Ky.
1862 BowlingGr'n.Ky

Apr. 9, 1863 Murfr'bro.Tenn.
Oct. 8, 1862 Killed.Perryv'e.
Aug. 20, 1864 Chatta'ga.Tenn.
Dec. 18, 1862 Bledsoe'sCreek, Tenn.
Aug. ..., 1864 Perry, O.
Oct 12, 1862 Perryville, Ky.
Mar. 1, 1863 Murfrs'bro.Tenn

Cp. Nelson. Ky.
Chatta'ga.Tenn Sec. C, gr. 290.
Andersonville, Ga., gr. 2065.
Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Nashv'e, Tenn.
Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Sec.C,grave289.Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Sec.C.grave 288.
Andover, O.
Cp. Nelson, Ky,
Nashv'e, Teun,
Sec. N,gr. 705
Sec. E, gr. 448.
Stone R. Cem'y.
Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Sec. C, grave 374
Concord, O 

Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Sec.D,grave226. Stone R.Cem'y.

Iii

APPENDIX.

Table VI— Continued, Company E.

E. Abbott Spaulding...Capt.
Charles C. Hitchcock..Corp.
Byron A. Pease 
Alberts, Washington-Private. Mar. 18. 1863
Alexander, Festus 

Ayers, Josiah 
Bagg, Wilford A...
Beckwith, James..

Bond, Joel D 
Bowers, David C .

Bridgeman, Ansel O...
Bridgeman, Edward S.
Dayton, William 

Dixon, Madison.
Fisher, Omi L...

Hale, William H..
Johnson, Austin ..
Knox, Dexter 

Osborn, David 
Phillips, George W..
Sanborn, Homer L...
Silvernail, Amos H...

DATE. WHERE. WHERE INTERRED.
Sep. 26, 1863 Chatta'ga.Tenn. Sec.C, grave 381
Oct. 8, 1862 Killed. Perryv'e. Burton, O.
Aug. 4, 1864 Killed. Near Marietta. Ga.
Atlanta, Ga. Sec.J.grave 25
Fort Donelson, 
Tenn.
Feb. 24, 1863 Murfr'sbro.Tenn Sec.I, grave 180.
Stone R. Cem'y.
Oct. 14, 1862 Perryville, Ky. Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Dec. 7, 1863 Murfr'sbro.Tenn Stone R. Cem'y.
Oct. 9, 1863 Louisville, Ky. Sec. A, row 33,
grave 2, Cave
Hill Cemetry.
Jan. 8. 1863 Gallatin, Tenn. Nashville.Tenn
Sep. 19, 1863 Killed. Chicka- 
mauga, Ga.
Apr. 8. 1863 Murfr'sbro.Tenn Sec. I,grave485.
Stone R.Cemry.
Jan. 18, 1863 Louisville, Ky. Sec. B, row 2,
grave 49, Ccve
Hill Cemetry.
Oct. 18, 1864 Andersonv'e,Ga. Andersonville, Ga.
Nov. 22, 1862 Gallatin, Tenn. Nashv'e. Tenn.
Mar. 16, 1863 Murfr'sbro.Tenn Sec. G, gr. 392.
Stone R. Cem'y.
Oct. 8, 1862 Killed.Perryv'e. Hampden, O.
Sep. 14, 1863 Nashville.Tenn. Sec.E,grave836
Nov. 28, 1862 Louisville, Ky. See. B, row 3,
grave 47. Cave
Hill Cemetery
Killed.Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Louisville, Ky. Cave H. Cem'ry

Oct. 8, 1862
Dec. 19, 1862
Oct. 6, 1862
Oct. 9, 1862

St. John, George 
Strickland, Walter..
Tucker, John T 
Way, Averill 

Whiting, John, Jr..

Louisville, Ky. Cave H. Cem'ry
Louisville, Ky. Sec. A, row. 34,
grave 3. Cave
Hill Cemetery
Oct. 8, 1862 Killed.Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Apr. 23, 1865 Cp. Dennison.O. Grave 328.
Oct. 13, 1862 Antioch Ch., Ky. Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Mar. 19, 1864 Ringgold, Ga. Chatta'ga.Tenn Sec. K, gr. 509
Oct. 8, 1862 Killed.Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson, Ky.
COMPANY F.

NAME. RANK.
Leverett A. 'Barnard. ..1st Lt.
Harrison J. Fuller  Sergt.
Edwin R. More  Corp.
Josiah King  "
Jarius Cbilds  "

Ball, Joseph  Private.
Burnett, Isaac  "
Ball, Thomas  "
Barlass, Robert B  ¦'
Barnes, James  "
Bosley, George W 

Bottin, Elias T 
Brewster, Oliver R...
Doolittle, Charles F

Hale, Elias 15 
Haver, Thomas T 
Huston, Emmet C 
McCllntock, Chas. W..

DATE.
Feb. 17, 1864
Oct. 26, 1862
Mar. 1, 1864
Oct. 25, 1863
June 18, 1864
Oct. 8, 1863
Unknown.Jan. 21, 1865
Feb. 20, 1864
July 20, 1863
Nov. 22, 1862
Oct. 8, 1862
Oct. 18, 1862
June 23, 1864
Aug. 27, 1864
Oct. 8, 1862

WHERE. WHERE INTERRED

Windsor, O.
Perryville, Ky.
Parkman, O.
Atlanta, Ga.

Marietta, Ga.
Sec. A, gr. 169
Marietta, Ga.

Killed. Kene
saw Mt.
Killed. Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Killed. See foot note.
Savannah, Ga. Savannah, Ga.
Willoughby, O 
Drowned while returning to the
company.
Munfordv'e, Ky. Cave Hill Ce'ry,
Louisv'e, Ky.
Killed. Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Perryville. Ky 
Killed. Kene- Sec. H, grave 8,
saw Mt. Marietta, Ga.
Killed. Atlanta. Marietta, Ga.
Killed, Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson, Ky.
" Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Perryville, Ky. Cp. Nelson, Ky.

APPENDIX.

liii

Table VI— Company F— Continued.
NAME. RANK. DATE. WHERE. WHERE INTERRED.'
Martin, George  Private. June 14, 1864 Andersonv'e,Q», Grave 1930. An-
sonville, Ga.'
Newcomb. Selah. W... " Oct. 31, 1862 Perryville, Ky. Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Nye, Ira  " Oct. 8, 1862 Killed.Perryv'e. Montville, O.
Smith, Frederick;  ." " ¦•" Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Sober, Spencer  " Feb. 25, 1863 Murfr'sbro.Tenn Sec.I, grave 125.
Stone R. Cem'y.
Waller, Harrison  " Dec, 15, 1862 Perryville^Ky. 
Note— Killed, by explosion of steamboat boiler, on Mississippi River
while he was returning from Confederate prison.

COMPANY O.

NAME. RANK. DATE.
Henry Adams  2d Lieut. Feb. 20, 1863 Murfr'sbro.Tenn
Joseph George  Sergt. Oct. 8, 1862 Killed.Perryv'e.
Luke Xorthway  Corp. May ,8, 1863 Murfr'sbro.Tenn
Benjamin F. Hewitt.. Wagon'_r.Feb  , 1863 Munfordv'e Ky.
Baldwin, Franklin  Private. May 14; 1863 Nashville.Tenn.
Benton, Joel S  " Jan. 12, 1863 Munfordve, Ky.
Chapin, Stephen W  " Apr. 17, 1863 Murfr'sbro.Tenn
Chapman, Zepnaniah.. " Apr. 1, 1863 Murfr'sbro.Tenn
Christie, James T  >' Apr. 10, 1865 Goldsboro, N.C,
Compton, John D  " July 21, 1864 Peachtree C'k,
Ga. .. .
Cowles. Zeri  " June 19, 1863 Murfr'sbro.Tenn
Felch, Franklin  " Nov. 27, 1863 Chatta'ga.Tenn.
Fuller. George V  " June 10, 1864 Nashville.Tenn.
Gant. William H  " . . .Oct. 29, 1862 Perryville, Ky.
Gould, Daniel L  " Oct 10, 1862 Perryville, Ky.
Jones, James L  " Aug. . 9, 1864 Andersonv'e.Ga.
Kenny, Snel  '¦ Dec. 7, 1862 Glasgow, Ky.
Leavitt, Edwin R  " Oct. 8, 1862 Killed. Perry y'e,
Nichols, Hezekiah  " Jan. 2, 1863 Perryville, Ky.
Parker, Seth  " Apr. 21 1863 Murfr'sbro.Tenn
Phelps, George K  " Nov. 22, 1862 Munfordv'e.Ky.
Piper. Delos S  " Oct. 8, 1862 Killed Perryv'e.
Richardson, George N. " Sep. 30, 1864 Atlanta, Ga.
Shipman. Wilson D.... " Oct. 10, 1862 Louisville, Ky.
Smith, Jerome L  ". Oct. 8, 1862 Perryville, Ky.
Spaulding. Asa B  " " Killed.Perryv'e.
Turney, Albert A  " June 7, 1883 Murfr'sbro.Tenn
Waterman, Adna  " Oct. 21, 1862 Perryville. Ky.
Wbitmore, Chauncey.. •' May 4, 1864 Chatta'ga.Tenn.

WHERE. WHERE INTERRED.

Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Stone R.Cem'ry
Nashv'e, Tenn.
Louisville, Ky.
Cave H.Cem'y
Sec. N, gr. 508.
Sec. 4, gr. 27.
Marrietta. Ga.
Sec. I, gr. 331.
Sec. N, gr. 136.
Sec. C. gr. 378.
Nashville, Tenn
Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Grave 1 1942.
Tompkinsville, Ky.
Cp. Nelson. Ky.
Cp Nelson, Ky.
Stone R. Cem'y.
Louisville, Ky.
Cave H.Cem'y
Cp, Nelson, Ky.
Marietta, Ga.
Sec. G, gr. 972
Cave H.Cem'y,
Cp. Nelson. Ky.
Cp. Nelson. Ky.
Stone R. Cem'y.
Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Sec. C, grave 377

COHPANY H.

NAME RANK.
Robert Wilson  Capt.
Armstrong. Wm. T.... Private.
Baker, William H  "
Boughton, Horace  "
Dean, Benjamin  "
Fishel, Eben B 
Hartman. Nathan  "
Hunt. Alfred  "
Ingling. William D  "
Kirkbride, Asher  "
McCurlev. John C  L
Naylor, William H.. ..

DATE.
Oct. 8, 1862
.i
Nov. 11, 1862
Oct. 8, 1862
May 13, 1863
May 1, 1863

Oct. 8, 1863
Aug. 5, 1864
June 30, 1863
Nov. 27, 1863
Jan. 9, 1863
Oct. 8, 1862

WHERE. WHERE INTERRED.
Killed.Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson, Ky.
" Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Bardstown, Ky. Lebanon, Ky.
Killed.Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson. Ky.
Murfr'sbro.Tenn Stone R. Cem'y.
Louisville, Ky. Sec. B, row 11,
grave 35, Cave
Hill Cem'ry.
Killed.Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Killed. Atlanta. Marietta, Ga.
Goshen, O. 
Chatta'ga.Tenn.

Nashville.Tenn. Perryville, Ky.

Chatta'ga, Tenn
Sec. C, gr. 286.
Nashville, Tenn
Cp. Nelson, Ky.

liv

APPENDIX.

Table VI— Company H— Continued.
NAME. RANK. DATE. WHERE. WHERE INTERRED.
Noble, Homer  Private. Jan. 16, 1863 Murfr'sbro.Tenn Sec. I, gr. 136,
StoneR.Cem'y
Owen, Eli J  " Feb. 4, 1864 Chatta'ga.Tenn. See. C, gr. 379.
Raub, Isaac C. P  " Dec. 25, 1863 Chatta'ga.Tenn. Sec. C, gr. 287.
Roahr, Charles  " Sep. 4, 1863 Nashville.Tenn. Sec. B, gr. 568.
Rummel, Joseph  " Sep. 1, 1864 Killed at Jones- Marietta, Ga.
boro, Ga. Sec. E, gr. 89.
Sherman, Albert A  " Apr. 9, 1863 Murfr'sbrOyTenn Sec.G,- gr. 379.
StoneR.Cem'y
Stratton, Evi  "- Oct. 8, 1862 Killed.Perryv'e; Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Umstead, Daniel W  " Mar. 22, 1863 Murfrs'bro.Tenn Stone R.Cem'ry

COMPANY I.

NAME.
L. Dwight Kee 
Harvey W.Partridge.,

RANK. DATE.
Capt. Oct. 8, 1862
1st Sergt Nov. 11, 1863

WHERE. WHERE INTERRED.
Killed.Perryv'e. Greene, O.
Chatta'ga.Tenn. Sec. C, gr. 380.

Edwin A. Whitcomb...Sergt. Sep. 20, 1863
Cyrus Crippen  Corp. Oct. 28,1862
Ambrose J. Bailey  " Feb. 18, 1864
FrederickM. Giddings. " Apr. 21, 1863
Andrews, Elmer H  Private. Nov. 12, 1862
Butler, Lucius C  " Oct. 8, 1862
Collar, Henry  '¦ "
Cook, John S  " "
Cox, Seymour A  " "
Creighton, William  '¦ Jan. 7, 1863
Fobes, Ferdinand F  " Sep. 3. 1863
Harrison, Manuel J  " Aug.- 3, 1864
Knight, Hiram T  " Oct. 22, 1863
Montgomery.David B. " Oct. 8, 1862
Rowe, Albert G  " June 16, 1864
Sealy, Esau A  " Sept. 1,1864
Talcott, Whitman B.... ¦" Dec. 18, 1862
Thomas, George  " Apr. 10, 1863
Thurbur, Silas  " Aug. 8, 1863
COMPANY

Killed. Chicka
mauga, Ga.
Louisville, Ky.
Nashville.Tenn. Murfr'bro.TennPerryille, Ky.

Chatta'ga.Tenn

Cave H. Cem'y
Nashville.Tenn
Sec.M, grave 25.
StoneR.Cem'y
Cp. Nelson Ky.
Killed.Perryv'e, Cp. Nelson, Ky.
" Cp. Nelson, Ky.
" Cp. Nelson, Ky.
" Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Perryville, Ky. Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Murfr'sbro.Tenn Stone R. Cem'y.
Andersonv'e.Ga. Andersonville. Grave 4599.
Chatta'ga.Tenn. Sec. C, gr. 285.
Chattanooga.
Killed.Perryv'e, Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Near Kenesaw Grave 782r Mar-

Mt., Ga.
NearAtlanta.Ga
Perryville, Ky.

ietta, Ga.

NAME. RANK
rClaybourne, A. Eddy.. Sergt.
Howard, S. Stephens.. Corp.
Julius C. Cheney  "
Orrin, Arnold  "
Atkins, Levi  Private.
J3ates, Charles F  "
IBishop, John H  "
Bates, Charles H  "
Fobes, Henry H  "
Puller, John  •'
¦Getty, Frederick I  "
Holden, William D 
Howard, William  "
Hutchinson. David  "
King, George  "
Smith, Alexander  "
Webb, Andrew W 

May 15, 1865
Oct. 5, 1864 Atlanta, Ga.

Cp. Nelson, Ga.
Sec. G, grave 71.
StoneR.Cem'y
Nashville,Tenn Sec. D, grave 1 ,
Nashv'e, Tenn.
K. WHERE. WHERE INTERRED.
Philadelphia,Pa Philadelp'ia.Pa

Sep. 17, 1863
Oct. 19, 1863
Dec. 29, 1862
Dec. 15, 1862
Apr. 17, 1863
Jan. 12, 1863
Oct. 8, 1862
Aug. 9, 1864
Oct. 8, 1862
Nov. 29, 1862
Oct. 8, 1862
Feb. 16, 1863
May 20, 1863
Oct. 8, 1862
Dec. 17, 1862

Nashville.Tenn. Stevenson, Ala.
Glasgow, Ky.
Louisville, Ky.

Marietta, Ga.
Sec.G, gr. 982.
Nashville, Tenn
Chatta'ga.Tenn
Glasgow. Ky.
Cave H. Cem'y.

Murfr'sbro.Tenn Sec.G, grave 66.
Stone R. Cem'y.
Gallatin, Tenn Nashv'e, Tenn.
Killed. Perryv'e, Cp. Nelson. Ky.
Killed. Siege of Marietta, Ga.
Atlanta. Sec. J, gr. 13.
Killed.Perryv'e, Geneva, O.
Munfordv'e.Ky. Cave H. Cem'y.
Louisville. Ky
Killed. Perryv'e, Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Windsor, O. 
Murfr'sbro.Tenn Sec. N. gr. 238.
Stone R. Cem'y.
Killed.Perryv'e, Cp. Nelson, Ky.
Danville, Ky. Sec. 3. grave 62.
Danville, -Ty.

APPENDIX.

Iv

TABLE VII.

Resigned and Discharged.
COMPANY A.
NAME. RANK. DATE. REMARKS.
John D. Jewell  Sergt  Discharged; Pr.lst Lieut. 27th
Regt. U. S. C. T.
Joseph Torrence  Corp. Jan. 7,1863. At Louisville, Ky., for disa
bility, wound.
John Clingensmith  Wagoner. Feb. 2,1863. Disability.
Anderson, George S  Private. Mar. 20, 1863. "
Conklin, George  " May 14, 1863. Disability, from wound.
Fair, Emanuel  " Sep. 30, 1864. Disability.
Fielding, Charles  " Sep. 30, 1863. Disability, from wound.
Flecker, John  " Feb. 8, 1863. Disability.
Hanify, John J  " Apr. 17, 1863.
Hunter, James  " Jan. 9, 1864. "
Jones, David D  ' " Feb. 28, 1863.
Morris, Thomas H  " Oct. 30, 1863.
Nox, James F  " Apr. 8,1863.
O'Harra, James  " Oct. 28,1862.
Renn, John W  " May 9, 1865.
Rees, Richard  " Jan. 7, 1863. Disability, from wound.
Robbins, Daniel  " Apr. 30, 1863. Disability.
Stewart, Samuel M  " Sep. 10, 1863.
Tyrrell, Thomas  " Feb. 20, 1863. Disability, from wound.

COHPANY B
NAME. RANK. DATE.
Henry D. Niles  3d Lieut. Feb. 12, 1863.
James M. Dickerman......Corp. Oot. 14, 1862.
Michael E. Hess  " Feb. 27, 1863.
George F. Center.  " Oct. 16, 1862.
Norval B. Cobb  " Oct. 14, 1862.
Daniel Ludwick  " Oct. 4, 1862.
Henry E. Finney  " June 30, 1865.
George W. Granger........ " Sep. 14, 1863.
Bell, Edward M  Private. Jan. 24,1865.
Card, Joseph  " Jan. 31, 1863.
Center, Hecry H  " Oct. 14, 1862.
Davis, Marshall  " Oct. 8,1862.
Downs, Jasper C  " May 7,1863,
Hathaway, James W  " Mar. 12, 1863.
Kinney, Edwin J  " Oct. 30 1862.
Klttridge, Isaiah S  " Jan. 6, 1863.
Landon. John J  " Nov. 13, 1862.
Lewis, Edwin D  " Jan. 3,1865.
Mahannah, Harvey  " Jan. 15, 1863.
Pruden, Stephen  " Feb. 18, 1863.
Sager, Edward W  " Oct. 8,1862.
Stowe, Harmon W  " Oct. 8,
Ulrich, Martin W  " Mar. 10.

REMARKS.
Res. on account of ill health
Louisville, Ky. , for disability.
Gallatin, Tenn., for disability
Louisville, Ky., for disability
Columbus, O., for disability.
Cleveland, O., for disability.
Louisville, Ky., for disability
Disability.

Louisville, Ky., for disability
Disability.
Columbus, O., for disability.
Louisville, Ky., for disability
Gallatin, Tenn., for disabilty.
Columbus, O. , for disability.
Disability, from wound.
Columbus, O., for disability.'
Disability.
Louisville, Ky.. for disability

1863. Columbus, O., for disability.
COHPANY C.
NAME. RANK. DATE. REMARKS.
Henry P. Gilbert  Capt. Jan. 17, 1863. Resigned.
James H. Bard..  1st Lieut. Mar. 12, 1863. Resigned.
Irvin Butler  2d Lie^ut. May 8, 1863. Res. on account of ill health.
Austin W. Wilson  Sergt". Oct. 24,1862. Louisville, Ky., for disability
Robert J. Stewart.  Corp. Oct. 22, 1862.

Ivi

APPENDIX.

Table VII— Company C— Continued.

NAME. RANK. DATE,
James G. Townsend  Corp. Mar. 27, 1863.
Blackmore, Samuel  Private. Oct. 18, 1862.
Bolter, James  " Feb. 24, 1863.
Burgess. John  " Apr. 3, 1863,
Davis, Morgan W  " Oct. 29, 1862.
fisgar, Benjamin  " Oct. 17, 1864.
Frazier, Isaac  " Feb. 2, 1863.
Frazier, John H  ' Nov. 28, 1862.
Fuller, Harvey A  Oct. 18, 1862.
Hawley, Joel  Nov 11,1863.
Hiland's, Reuben B  Jan. 14,1863.
Jack, William  " Oct. 15, 1862.
Jones, Thomas  " Jan. 29, 1863.
Kingsley, Jasper B  ' Nov, 1, 1862.
Lawrence, Henry  •' May 10, 1863.
Moser, Charles E  " Nov. 19, 1863.
Moser, Philip H  " Feb. 10, 1863.
Phillips, Joseph  " Apr. 8,1803.
Powers, John  " Jan. 29. 1863.
Richards, David T  " Oct. 14,1863.
Scoville, Horace B  " Oct. 10, 1862.
Smith, Thomas  " Feb. 27, 1863.
Stewart. James A  " Dec. 26, 1862,
Townsend, Charles W... " Jan. 14, 1863.

REMARKS.
Columbus, Q., for disability.
Louisville, Ky., for disabi ity
Gallatin, Tenn., for disability
Murfr'sbro, Tenn., disability.
Louisville.Ky., for disability
Disability.
Louisville, Ky., for disability
Columbus, O., for disability.
Louisville, Ky., for disability
Chattanooga, Tenn. .disability
Columbus, O., for disability.
Louisville. Ky., for disability
Nashville, Tenn., disability.
Columbus, O., for disability.
Murfr'sbro, Tenn., disability.
Columbus, O., for disability.
Perryville, Ky., for disability
Murfr'sbro, Tenn., disability.
Louisville, Ky., for disability
Nashville, Tenn., disability.
Louisville, Ky., for disability
Gallatin, Tenn., for disability
Camp Dennison, O., disability

COHPANY D.

NAME. RANK. DATE.
George L. Riker  Capt. Sep. 23, 1864.
Alonzo Chubb  2d Lieut. Oct. 19,1863.
Edward P. Young  Sergt. • July 1,1864.
Clinton A. Nolan  Corp. Oct. 14,1862.
Harvey E. Clark  " May 28, 1863.
George W. Jewell  " Sep. 14, 1863.
Hendrick E. Paine  Musician. Feb. 26, 1863.
Michael Ward  Wagoner. June 26, 1865.
Allen, Henry D  Private. Oct. 21,1862.
Allen, Nathan W  " May 12, 1863.
Baker, Edwin N  " Jan. 20, 1863.
Barker. Frank M  " Oct. 23, 1862.
Barnard, Philo  ' Mar. 29, 1865.
Bently, Murray J  '¦ Oct. 21,1862.
Blakely, Harlow  " Mar. 10, 1864.
Brooks, Samuel  " May 16, 1865.
Carpenter, Thomas W... " Mar. 12, 1863.
Chesney, Samuel P  " Apr. 23, 1863.
Dart, William H  " Oct. 21,1862.
i-"-ell, Isaac  " Oct. 13,1862.
Gatto, Levi H  " Oct. 24,1862.
Hall, Edwin  " Oct. 18, 1862.
Hickson, George  " Jan. 10. 1863.
McVitty, Joseph  " Dec. 26, 1862.
Nash, Harrison  " Dec. 2,1862.
Pelton, Watson  " Dec. 9, 1862.
Philbrook, Charles H.... " Apr. 6,1863.
Rockafellow, Oscar H... " Jan. 6, 1863.
Sager, Harvey C  " Sep. 2, 1863.
Spring, Charles B  " Mar. 11, 1863.
Turner. Charles  ' Nov. 17, 1862.
Tanner, Harvey  " Mar. 29, 1863.
Upton, William R  " July 29, 1863.
Warren, Albert C  " Oct. 17, 1862.

REMARKS.
Res. on account cf wound and
ill health.
Dis. to accept promotion.
Louisville.Ky., for disability.
Murfr'bro, Tenn., disability.
Disability.Gallatin, Tenn., disability.
Camp Dennison, O., disability
from wound.
Louisville.Ky., for disability.
Louisville, Ky., for disability
from wound.
Louisville, Ky., for disability.
Dis. by order of War Depart.
Louisville, Ky.. for disability.
Dis. for disability from wound
Columbus, O., for disability.
Dis. for disability from wound
Louisville, Ky., for disability.

Columbus, O., for disability.
Dis. for disability from wound
Louisville, Ky., for disability
from wound.

, for disability.
i., for aisability
, for disability
for disability

Columbus, O..
Gallatin, Tenn.,
Louisville, Ky.,
Columbus, O.,
from wound.
Louisville.Ky., for disability
Disability.
Nashv'e. Tenn.,
Louisville.Ky.,

i., for disabilii;,
, for disability

APPENDIX.

lvii

Table VII— Continued, Company E.

NAME. RANK. DATE.
Byron W. Canfleld  ..Capt. . Jan. 29, 1863.
Patten, Himrod.  " May 5, 1865.
William H. Clark  1st Lieut. May 15, 1863.
William H. Castle  •• Jan. 10,1865.
John A. Osborn  2d Lieut. Jan. 19,1863.
Julius A. Moffatt  '" Aug. 13, 1863.
John C. Hathaway  1st Serg. Jan. 11,1863.
LaRoyat Taylor  " May 16, 1863.
Edward Patchin  Sergt. Dec. 29,1862.
Miles J. Whitney  Corp. Mar. 11, 1863.
Philo Boughton  " Mar. 27, 1863.
LumanUnste  " Feb. 21, 1864.
Button, Justin  Private. Jan. 29, 1863.
Case, Gideon  " Jan. 1, 1863.
Fowler, Justin  " Oct. 10, 1862.
Frazier, Calvin  ' May 18, 1863.
Hathaway, Gilbert B  Oct. 25, 1862.
Hayden, Eugene  " Jan. 13, 1863.
Hilbert, Percival  " Mar. 6, 1865.
Hitt, Oliver  Dec. 19,1862.
King, John Harvey  " "
Ladow, Henry  " Mar. 2,1863.
Latimer, Olney P  " Mar. 7, 1865.
Phillips, Robert  " Dec. 29, 1862.
Pugsley, John  " Mar. 2,1863.
Slade, Sherman C  " Sep. 10, 1862.
Stocking, Charles H  " Jan. 31, 1863.
Strong, Elmer  " Feb. 15, 1863.
Turner, William  '¦ Apr. 26, 1863.
Watrous, Samuel N  " Jan. 14, 1863.
Webb, Ezra  " Nov. 24, 1862.

Resigned.

Dismissed.
Res. on account of ill health.
Nashv'e, Tenn., for disability
Murfr'sbro, Tenn., disability.
Cincinnati, O., uisability trom
wound.
Dis. to enlist in Mississippi
Marine Brigade.
Cincinnati, O., for disability.
Dis. for disability from wound
Louisville, Ky., for disability
Dis to enlist in Mississippi
Marine Brigade.
Louisville, K.y., for disability

Dis. to enlist in Mississippi
Marine Brigade.
Cleveland, O., for disability.
Louisville, Ky., for disability
from wound.
Louisville, Ky., for disability
Murfr'sbro, Tenn., disability.
Dis.f or disability from wound
Cincinnati, O. , f or disability.
Murfr'sbro, Tenn., disability.
Louisville, Ky., for disability
Cincinnati, O. , for disability.
Perryville, Ky., disability.
Quincy, 111., for disability.
Louisville, Ky., for disability

COMPANY F.

NAME. RANK. DATE.
Sherburn H. Williams...Capt. Jan. 13, 1863.
Lester D. Burbank  2d Lieut. Feb. 20, 1863.
Michael Cooney  Corp. Mar. 7,1863.
George I. Squeir  " Oct. 28, 1862.
Daniel F. Hopkins  Musician. Oct. 27, 1862.
Ara. B. Drake  Wagoner. Oct. 20, 1862.
Auxer, Stephen D  Pr.vate. Mar. 17, 1863.
Branch, Edward P  " Dec. 13, 1862.
Brown, Arthur L  " Oct. 18, 1862.
Button, Jared  '• Oct. 21,1862.
Colgrove, Melvin J  " Oct. 4,1862.
Cooley, Levi  " Oct. 28, 1862,
Crawford, Emery  " Mar. 18, 1865.
Hausch, John  " Jan. 27, 1863.
Holmes, Hiram A  " Oct. 11,1862.
Kelsey, Arthur  " Apr. 20, 1863.
Keyes, Anson  " Sep. 26, 1862.
McElwain, Edwin W  " Jan. 31, 1863.
Morton, Henry  " Nov. 30, 1863.
Morse, JohnH  .- " July 20, 1863.
Parks,' John  " Oct. . 8, 1862.
Phelps, Franklin W  " May 18, 1863.
Phillips, Albert  " Feb; 3,1863.
Prouty, Royal  " June 29, 1863.
Randall; James G  .v...'. " May 24,1865.
Richmond, William  " Jan, 31, 1863.
Slaytofi, William T  '.' .Oct. 8,1862.
Smith, Marsh, Jr  " Oct. 24, 1862.

REMARKS.
Resigned.Res. on acccount of ill health
Disability,

Louisville, Ky., for disability
Disability.

Gallatin, Tenn., for disability
Disability. Columbus, O., for disability.
Disability.Louisville, Ky., for disability.
Disability.

Louisville, Ky.,for disability.
Disability.

lvlii

APPENDIX.

Table VII— Company F— Continued.
NAME. RANK. DATE. REMARKS.
Sober, Austin  Private. Jan. 31,1863. Louisville, Ky., for disability
Sober. Henry M  " Oct. 28, 1862. Disability.
Strong, Orestes L  " Oct. 8,1862.
Sweet, Benjamin F  " Apr. 16,1863. Columbus, O., for disability.
Tully, William  '• Aug. 14, 1865.
Young, Benjamin  " May 25,1865. Willetts' Point, N.Y. Harbor,
for disability.

COMPANY G.

NAME.

RANK.

DATE.

William S. Crowell 
Albion W. Tourgee 
William B Braman....
Benjamin F. Cushing...
George F. Felch 
Orison L. Marsh 
Norris L. Gage 
Orlando G. Clark 
Daniel H. H. Wheaton.
Charles W. Butler 
Anderson, Charles W...
Bachelor, John W 
Blood. John C 

..Capt...1st Lieut
.Sergt,
..Corp. ..Private.

Aug. 2, 1864.
;. Dec. 6, 1863.
Nov. 20. 1862.
June 28, 1864.
Sep. 18. 1863.
June 22. 1863.
Feb. 18, 1863.
Oct. 3. 1863.
Dec. 18, 1862.
May 14, 1863.
Apr. 26, 1863.
Oct. 24, 1862.
Mar. 3. 1863.

Canfield. Burroughs....
Galbraith, Elbert P..

Oct. 24, 1862.
_Oct. 13, 1862.
Sep; 19. 1862.
Apr. 16, 1863.
Apr. 23. 1863.
 1863.

Hall. Aaron 

Lobdell, Dudley 

McCreary. Harrison....
Merritt, Eliplnilet 
Newboe, Edgar 
Northway, Sherman....

Apr. 20, 1863.
Apr. 22, 1863.
Oct. 25, 1862.
Dec. 29, 1862.
Oct. 20, 1862.

Parker, William H 

May 2, 1865.

Rogers, William 

,.

Jan. 6, 1863.
Oct. 7, 1862.

Shepherd, Horace 
Sill, John S 

Oct. 29. 1862.
July 17, 1863.

Waterman, William A.
Whipple, Perry M 

May 13, 1863.
Oct. 25, 1862.

REMARKS.
Res. on account of ill health.
Disability from wound.

Disability.Nashville, Tenn., disability.
Columbus. O., for wounds.
Louisville, Ky., disability.
Louisville, Ky., for wounds.
Murfr'sboro, Tenn., disability
Louisville, Ky., disability.
Columbus. O.. for disability.
Louisville. Ky , for disability

Munfordville, Ky., disability.
Columbus, O.. for disability.
Louisville. Ky.. for disability
Columbus, O., for disability.
Louisville, Ky., for disability

Cleveland, O. Order of War
Dept.
Gallatin, Tenn., disability.
Columbus. O.. for disability.
Louisville, Ky., for disability
Murfr'sboro, Tenn., disability
Louisville, Ky., lor wounds.

COHPANY H.

NAME RANK.
Florentine M. Simon  Sergt.
Horace G. Ruggles  Corp.
Henry R. Myer 
David Bricker  Wagoner,
Bennett. Thomas  Private.
Boyle, George V  "
Kirkbride. Joseph  "
Mathers James T  "
Miller, Addison  "
Myers. Jonathan  "
Watson. Alexander T. ... "
Yoder. Ezra  "

Jan.

1.

1863.

Oct.

25,

1W52.

May

28.

1863.

, Feb.

29,

1863.

Sgp,3»,1f8t&.

Oct.

28,

1868,

Oct.

16,

18621'

Jan.

12,

1863.

Jan.

23,

1863.

Jan.

14,

1863.

Sep.

22,

1863.

Oct.

28,

1862.

REMARKS.
Louisville. Ky., for wounds.
Louisville, Ky . for disability
Murfr'sboro. Tenn.,disability
Nashville, Tenn.. by order
War Department
'Louisville, Ky., rordisabiiity
ii „
Gallatin, Tenn., for disability
Goshen. O., for wounds.
Louisville, Ky., lor wounds.
Camp Dennison, O., disability
Louisville, Ky.. for disability

APPENDIX.

lix

Table VII— Continued, Company I.

NAME. RANK. DATE.
HenryC. Sweet  Capt. May 12,1863.
Charles A. Brigden  IstLieut. Jan. 21, 1863.
Collins E. Bushnell  1st Serg. May 9,1863.
Albert H. Smith  Serg. Nov. 1, 1862.
Robert N. Holcomb  Corp. Mar. 5, 1862.
Philip Reynolds  " May 30, 1864.
William E. Guild  Music'n. Mar. 25, 1863.
Bridgman. Thomas  Private. Jan. 9, 1863.
Caldwell, William S  " Jan. 27, 1863.
Frisby, Augustus B  " Feb. 25, 1863.
Haddock, John  " Feb. 20. 1863,
Haine, William J  " Nov. 5,1864.
Hake, Samuel  ¦' Dec. 28, 1863.
Heath, Milo G  " May 1,1863.
Holcomb, Mark H  " Oct. 9, 1862.
Lattimer, Chauncey M... " Oct. 15,1862.
Leonard, Horace A  , *' Jan. 6, 1865.
Lyman, George W  " July 15,1863.
Steele, Calvin F  " July 14, 1864.
Sperry, Henry H  " July 20, 1863,
Tuttle, Hartson  " Oct. 15, 1862.
Webb, Henry  '¦ Feb. 9,1863.
Wilcox. Daniel E  " Dec. 30, 1862.
Windram, Robert  " May 26, 1865,

REMARKS.
Dismissed, Re-enlis'd in Navy
Res. on account of ill healtn.
Murfr'sboro, Tenn., disability
Louisville, Ky.. for disability
Bardstown, Ky., disability.
Dis., for wound.
Murfr'sboro, Tenn., disability
Camp Dennison, O., disability.
Gallatin, Tenn., for disability.
Perryville, Ky., for wound.
New Albany, Ind., disability.
Pr. U. S C. T. Dis. as 1st
Lieut., Mar. 2, 1865.
Camp Dennison, O.. wound.
Camp Dennison, O., disability
Louisville, Ky.,for disability
Murfr'sboro, Tenn., disability
Louisville.Ky., for disability
Order Sec. of War.
Louisville, Ky., for disability
" wound.
" disability.
Cleveland, O., for disability.

COMPANY K.

NAME. RANK. DATE.
Edward V. Bowers  Capt. Dec. 22, 1862.
Austin Adams  Sergt. Oct. 14,1862.
Charles H. Harris  " Novr24, 1863.
AlansonGary  Corp. Oct. 13,1862.
Alba B. Martin  " Nov. 19, 1863.
Lewis Price  Musician. May 3,1863.
John Price  " Oct. 24, 1862.
Lewis H. Roberts  Wagoner. Nov. 10, 1862.
Amidon, Edmund S  Private. Jan. 17. 1863.
Barnard, Francis N  " Mar. 27, 1863.
Blakeslee, James E  " Oct. 9,1862.
Bliss, Charles H  :  " June29, 1863.
Brett, Thomas  " Jan. 3, 1863.
Burlingame, Edwin R.... " Jan. 14, 1863.
Cobb, David G  " Mar. 29. 1863.
Dutell, Julius  " Jan. 27, 1863.
Early, Elbridge F  " Apr. 1, 1863.
Fales.LewisC  " Sep. 14, 1863.
Ferguson, Charles A  " Dec. 17, 1862.
Fowler, Ezra  " Jan. 13, 1863.
Gary, David  " May 26, 1865,
Hanna, Lyman P  " Dec. 2,1862.
Harback. Ira  •' Oct. 28, 1862.
Hicock, Clay  •¦ Dec. 28, 1862.
Hill.CleneyE  " Dec. 13, 1862.
Humphrey, Marcus W... " Sep. 16, 1863.
Hutchinson, Arthur G.... " May 30, 1863.
Johnson, George W  " Mar. 25, 1863.
Olrastead, Selden  " Oct. 16, 1862.
Powers. William H  " Oct. 20,1862.
Rasey, Charles.......  " Nov. 19, 1862.
Rasey. Chester  " Feb. 8,1863,
Shaw, Henry  " May 17, 1863.
Smith, Wilson W  " Jan. 27, 1863.
Williams. Thales F  " Nov 14, 1863.
Wright, William W  " Aug. 12. 1863.

Resigned. Louisville, Ky., disability.
Dis. to accept promo'ion,
Louisville, Ky., disability.
Murfr'sboro, Tenn., disability
Columbus, O., disability.
Louisville, Ky., disability.
Gallatin, Tenn., disability.
Cincinnati, O., disability.
Louisville, Ky., disability.
Nashville, Tenn., disability.
Columbus, O., disability.
Louisville, Ky., disability.
Cincinnati, O., disability.
Gallatin, Tenn., disability.
Columbus, O., disability.
Louisville, Ky., disability.
Columbus, O., disability.
Louisville, Ky., disability.

Gallatin, Tenn., disability.
Louisville, Ky., disability.
Nashville, Tenn., disability.
Murfr'sboro, Tenn., disability
Columbus, O., disability.
Louisville, Ky., disability.
Murfr'sboro, Tenn.. disability
Gallatin, Tenn , disability.
Chattanooga, Tenn..disabillty
Cp. Dennison, O. Order War
Department.

Ix APPEhDIX.
TABLE VIII.
Missing and Absent Without Leave.
COHPANY A.
NAME. RANK. REMARKS.
Edmonds, David  Private. See III.
Hulburt, Frank  " See III.
Sparrow, Emmons  •' See III. "Missing."
Williams, Richard 

COMPANY B.
NAME. HANK. REMARKS.
Beebe, Henry L  Private. See III.
Phillips, Dwight B  " See 1 II. " Missing.''

COMPANY C.
NAME. HANK. REMAKKS.
McKenzie. James R  Private. See III.
Manwaring. Morgan 
Richards, William T  "
Robinson, Thomas  " See III.

COHPANY D.
NAME. HANK. KEMAKKS.
Edwin N. Dunton  Corporal.
Alderman, Victor  Private.
Forgus. Melancthon L...
Hopkins, Floyd  "
Morrison. John 
Pierce. George E  " See II. "Missing."
Randall. Walter  " See II. "Missing."
Raymond, Alfred  "

COHPANY E.
NAME. RANK. REMARKS.
"Webb, Sylvester  Private. Seell.

COHPANY F.
NAME. KANK. REMAKKS.
Granger. Franklin  Private
Malone, Sydney D 
Marsh; H6nry..-.  " See H I. "Missing."
. Tanner, Henry H 

APPENDIX. Ixi

Table Mil — Continued, Company O.
NAME. RANK. REMARKS.
Jerome B.. Hawkins  Musician,
Abbott, Solon M.....'.  Private. See III.
Devoe, William P  " " See III.

COMPANY H.
NAME. RANK. REMAKKS.
Hutton, Henry  Private. See III.
Musser, Hazard  " " Missing." Perryville, Ky.

COHPANY I.
NAME. RANK. REMARKS.
Beckwith, Ira W  Private.
Lyman, John W  "
Mclntyre, John F  " Sent to hospital. " Sick." Apr. 10, 1863.
Merritt, Milan H 

COHPANY K.
NAME. RANK. REMARKS.
Hall, Frederick W  Private.
Laskey, Matthew 
Shepherd, Lorin  "
Taylor, Francis A  "

lxii

APPENDIX.

TABLE IX.
Previous Service.

NAME. RANK
Andrews, Elmer H. ... Private.
Braden, Andrew D .... "
Bagg, Wilford A 
Crowell, William S...
do do 1st Lieut.
Callender, John E  Private.
Darrow, Alfred  "
Edwards, Charles G.. "
Emerson, Merritt  1st Lieut.
Forbis, William H  Private.
Geddes, John  "
Humiston, John F  Musician.
Hawkins, Jerome B... Private.
Hale, William H 
Hall, Albert S  Lieut. Col
Himrod, Patten  Private.
Jennings, Warren  "
Jones, James L  "
Johnson, William H . . . "
Kelsey, Arthur  "
Lewis, Evan  "
Lodwick, Dani. 1 
Mason, Ambrose C  "
Merritt, Aaron  "
Palfruman, Edward S "
Patchin Edward  Corporal,
Perkins, Andrew  Private.
Price, John  Musician.
Price, Lewis,  Musician.
Perkins, George T  2d Lieut.
Rawdon, Calvin  Private.
Robbins, Ambrose M.. "
See, Richard J  "
Stambaugh, Daniel B ' "
Seaton, Lafayette  "
Sweet, Henry C  "
Sweet, Jesse M  "
Turney, Jacob  "
Thompson, Wilbur F "
Tucker, Dean D  '•
Turnbull, John  Hos. St'd
Tourgee, Albion W  Sergeant.
Tolles, William R  Captain.
Wakelee, Oscar R  Private.
Whitney, Miles J  "
Williams, John S  "
do do "
Watson, Porter  "

Where.
Co.C, 19th O. V. I.
Co. F, 19th O. V. I.
Co. D, 19th O. V. I.
Co. A, 29th O. V. I.
Co. D, 7th O. V. 1.
Co. 1, 19th O.V. I.
Co. B, 19th O. V. I.
Co. G, 24th O. V. I.
Co. C, 19th O. V. I.
Co. B, 19th O. V. I.
Band, 7th O. V. I.
Co. C, 19th O. V. I.
Co. F, 19th O. V. I.
24th O. V. I.
Co. A, 2d U. S. I.
3d U. S.A.
Co. D, 19th O. V. I.
Pa. Vols.
Co. Fj 105th O. V. I.
Co. C, 19th O. V. I.
Co. H, 7th O. V. I.
Co. B, 19th O.V. I.
Co. C, 19th O. V. I.
Co. C, 19th O. V. I.
Co. F, 19th O. V. I.
Co. 1, 19th O. V. I.
Band, 29th O. V. I.
Band, 29th O, V. I.
Co. B, 19th O. V. I.
1st Pa. Vols,
Co. B, 19th O. V. I.
Co. B, 19th O. V. I.
Co. B. 19th O. V. I.
Co. C, 19th O. V. I.
2d Ohio Ind. Art'y.
Co, 1, 19th O. V. I.
Co. C. 19th O.V. I.
Co. D. 19th O, V.I.
Co. F. 19th O.V. I.
17th O. V. I.
Co.E,27thN.Y.I.Co. B, 41st O. V. I.
Co. D, 7th O. V. I.
Co. F, 19th O. V I.
Co. H, 7th O.V. I.
Co. H, 7th O. V. I.
Co. I, 7th O. N. I.

Served.
3 months *

8 months Dis. April 13, '62
3 months *

7 months Dis. Jan. 9, '62
3 months *
.< *
12 mo's. M.o— Sp'l. Ord.
3 months *
a *
14 mo's. Pr. to 105th
2 years Pr. to 105th.
5 years 1844 to 1849.
3 months *

8 months Dis. Ap'l 20,
3 months *

'63

11 mo's.
llmo.s,
3 months
2 years
2 months
3 months

M.o— Sp'l. Ord.
M.o— Sp'l. Ord.
*Mexican War.
Dis. July 5, '62

12 mo's. Dis. July 5, '62
3 months *

4 months Dis.for wound,
Aug, 26, 1861.
Pr.L.Col.l05O

lyear
3 months
2 months
11 mo's.

Discharged.Dis— O.W. D't.

* Mustered out with Regiment.

APPENDIX. Jjciii

TABLE X.
Color Guard— Imperfect.
io5th Color Sergeant and Guards.
John Geddes, Sergeant, Company C.
John B. Ramsdell, Corporal, Company B.
Charles. B. Hates, Corporal, Company I.
Evan Richards, Corporal, Company E.
John E. Watrotjs, Corporal, Company K.

lxiv

APPENDIX.

TABLE XI.
Summary and Recapitulation of the 105th
Ohio Volunteer Infantry.

Original Muster.

Recruits.

-

-

t=1

n

M

!>

rt

H

rt

H

K

h

li

H

M

>

rt rt

o
B
S
oq
c-
ff
tf
a
-,
ft
o
p.
sft
UQ
o- W
3¦i. X
ft
o'
ita
l-Hl-l
M
<
<,
P-
O
5
o 2
o
0
<J <!
\-\ M
M M
o
a>
p,
p.
v.
CO
'9
9
'2
ii
'2
"1
'2
'2
5 ...
Co. A 
3
96
99
25
124
31
M
33
3
7
3
14
2
26
19 4
Co. B 
3
97
100
11
111
19
17
17! 2
8
6
14
1
29
23 2
Co. C 
3
98
101
9
110
24
17
16 3
?
3
8
1
14
29 4
Co. D 
3
98
101
15
107
29
10
16
7
6
4
9
1
20
34 8
Co. E 
333
989798
101100101
1
2
15 9
103115111
292727
15
2015
8
23 17
523
79 4
477
15 4
17
121
"2
272429
31 1
34 4
31 3
Co F 
Co. G 
Co. H 
3
18
101
4
105
IS)
«
11
9
7
4
9
?0
12 2
Co. I 
3
98
101
4
102
35
19
13
7
7
8
5
1
21
24 4
Co. K 
3
95
98
2
100
16
16
9
4
5
4
8
17
36 4
39
973
10
2
3
84
1099
258
177
163
38
62
50
105
10
2
229
378 36
4
3^ 38
44 3l28285833 30
Original enlistment  1,012
Recruits  87
1,099
Wounded  258
Captured  177
Transferred  163
Absent, sick, etc.... 38
Killed and died  229
Resign'd and Dis'd 278
Missing  36 j Original...
Must'd out with R't 355 | Recruits..
1,099
352 3
Messrs. HENRY T. COATES & CO.,
Have pleasure to announce they have published a
mezzotint engraving of Major General George H.
Thomas. . . 
The plate is 14x18 inches ; engraved surface, 1 lxl4£
inches, and will be printed on paper 22x26 inches in
size. An edition of one hundred signed artist's
remarque proofs will be issued and plate destroyed-
The name and fame of General Thomas are insepar
ably associated with the Army of the Cumberland, of
which he was the last Commander, and the badge of the
Society of that Army will be the remarque upon the
margin of the plate.
The subscription price is twenty dollars per copy.

Henry T. Coates & Co.,
1326 Chestnut Street. PHILADELPHIA.