YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

3 9002 06019 9156

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I-Iewe.i.l, William
'ft/o Discourses.
Cambridge, 1866.

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YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

1941

TWO ¦DISCOIIRSES

OCCASIONED BY THE DEATH OF

JARED SPARKS, LL.D.,

CHARLES BEGK, LL.D.,

DELIVERED BY

William newell,
SlINISTEB OP THE FIKST CHURCH IN CAMBRIDGE.

CAMBRIDGE:
SEVEB AND FRAN CS>% S ,
BOOKSELLEBS TO THE UNirEfiSITY.
1866,

Ct6 8
203

SDtje blessed memory of t\)z jnst.

A
DISCOURSE
OCCASIONED BY THE DEATH OP
JARED SPARKS, LL.D
DELIVERED MAKCH 18, 1866,
BEFORE THE FIRST PARISH IN CAMBRIDGE,

WILLIAM NEWELL,
MimSTEK OF THE FIRST CHnKCH IN CAMBKIDGE.

CAMBRIDGE:
SEVER AND FRANCIS,
BOOKSBLLEES TO THE ONIVKBSITT.
1866.

University Press: Welch, Bigelow, & Co.,
Cambridge.

SERMON.

"The MEMORY OP the just is blessed." — Proverbs x. 7.
One of the most precious of God's gifts is the
society of affectionate and virtuous friends. To live
under the same roof, to share the same duties and
pleasures, with those whom we can love with all the
heart, — to feel the gentle influence of their virtues,
shining around them with a mild, perpetual light, —
to breathe the atmosphere of their lives, to enjoy
the sweetness of their daily sympathy and support,
— to be able to go for counsel and wisdom, for cour
age and patience, to minds into which we can pour
out our.hopes, fears, and doubts with entire freedom
and trust, — to double and prolong our enjoyments
by communicating them to others, to whom we
are bound, not only by ties of kindred, but by the
holier and stronger bonds of affection and respect,
— to allay our anxieties and griefs by the thought
that they are at our side, that they feel for us and
with us, and that, whatever may betide^ their counte
nances will beam benignantly on our way, — to have
our good purposes quickened, our good principles
invigorated, and the whole inner being softened and

purified by intimate communion with the living ex
amples of Christian goodness and piety, — who can
fully estimate these blessings ? A world, were it ours,
would cheaply purchase, if a world could buy, the
tender and thoughtful affection, the kind attentions,
the cordial aid, the disinterested advice, the wise and
pleasant conversation, of the dear companion, par
ent, kinsman, friend, the honored and the loved, in
those favored families where the lives of the right
eous are still spared to gladden and to bless the lofty
or the lowly dwelling in which the providence of
God has placed them. But those lives are held by
an uncertain tenure.- Over them, as over all, hangs
the suspended sword. Over them, as over all, is
written the inexorable, yet hiddenly beneficent law.
Believing, as we do, in a Father God, believing that
he has made the universe in perfect wisdom, and
that all the parts of His administration, and all the
events of our existence are in unison with the Infi
nite Benevolence that constitutes the essential glory
of His nature, we feel that there are wise and kind
purposes to be answered by death, which death only
can accomplish. Sometimes it is attended with
mysteries of pain, suffering, and apparently irrepara
ble loss to the survivors, both in temporal and spir
itual good, which we must wait for the revelations of
another life to explain. But these exceptional cases
must not shake our faith in truths written on the
universe, and proclaimed to us by the messengers of
the Most High. As Christians, we believe that all
the events of our being are ordered and overruled

by divine wisdom and love ; as Christians, we believe
that death to the good is the greatest of blessings, —
the portal of Heaven, the change which brings them
into near and blissful communion with Christ and
with God. A more living life is theirs in the spirit
world ; nor is their life on earth wholly ended when
they cease to breathe. Their memory still dwells
with a beneficent power in the places which they
once gladdened with their presence, and in the minds
with which they once took sweet counsel in the hal
lowed connections of a happy and religious home.
Thus they continue to guide and to bless us, long
after their mortal forms have been buried in the
dust. They live in the hearts of their kindred. They
rise again in the hour of musing to the eyes of
mourning affection. They speak to us in accents
unheard by the world, but known and felt as theirs
in the silent depths of the soul.
The memory of the just, of the wise, of the truly
good, of the truly great, of the servants of Christ
and the benefactors of men, has its place among the
blessed influences by which the Spirit of God lifts us
to a higher plane of feeling and action, and gives a
quickening strength to our sometimes dim faith in
the realities of the life to come. It rebukes the
sad scepticism that hangs over the tomb, and sees
only the pale corpse, the shell of the flown spirit,
but cannot see the glory and the beauty beyond.
When the stunning blow that separates us from the
objects of our affection first falls upon us, when that
countenance which has long brightened our way is

6

stamped with the stillness of death, it is hard to re
alize that the soul which once beamed through the
eye, and spoke from the lips, is still living and con
scious and happy, though the light of that eye is
quenched, and the accents of those lips hushed for
ever. But as we look back from a distance of time,
and view the pageantry and circumstances of death
in their true light, we are able to discern more clear
ly the sublime truth, over which they have thrown
a momentary cloud. Then the bright image of the
departed rises up before us, and we hear a voice,
saying, as Christ to the doubting disciple, " Be not
faithless, but believing." Has it perished forever,
that noble mind, stamped with God's image, trained
for God's service ? Are those kind and tender af
fections, that diffused comfort and joy around them,
those "thoughts that wander through eternity,"
those angelic aspirations and hopes that ally man to
his Maker, those high capacities that on earth are
but half developed, half satisfied, — are all extin
guished forever,' buried in the dust ? Is there no
other sphere in which they may yet live and grow ? "
We cannot believe it. Our reason and our affections,
the whispers of hope and the instinctive cravings of
our nature, re-echo the good tidings of the Gospel,
and both welcome and confirm its message of the
soul's immortal life. And never do we feel so pow
erfully the assurance of this truth, as when we recall
the remembrance of the gifted and the good, taken
from us in the ripening promise of youth, in the
more extended usefulness of manhood, or in the

venerable wisdom and mellowed virtues of declining
age.* The memory of the dead not only quickens our
faith in the future world, but it leads our thoughts
and our affections heavenward. Our hearts over
leap the chasm that divides us from the world of
spirits, and go in quest of their missing objects. We
cannot forget them, even amidst all the crowding
cares and dizzy excitements of the most busy life, —
nor have we any reason to suppose that they will
forget us. When we think of them, therefore, we
see them waiting for us, as it were, watching anx
iously over our steps, praying for our welfare, invit-
* I cannot help adding here the coincident expression, at a meeting of
the Massachusetts Historical Society, commemorative of Mr. Sparks, by
his fiiend, Professor Parsons, of the same thought, which " pressed upon
me," he says, " during the days and evenings when I sat by the bedside
where he was dying. There lay a man who had been gifted with excel
lent qualities, and these, during a long and busy life, were disciplined,
cultivated, invigorated to the last of that life. Can a rational man be
lieve that all this long progress was towards — nothingness. His wisdom
and his goodness were the means of usefulness and of happiness to him
self and to others. Through all those many years they grew and accu
mulated. Is it rational to believe that all this growth and accumulation
were only for their own extinction ? I refer not now to reli^ous faith.
I appeal only to reasonableness and probability. His unusually long life
was far more than commonly useful and happy. But it was also, if
judged by any test we can apply, a constant preparation for more useful
ness and more happiness. What is there in the universe, or in its facts,
or in its laws, which justifies the belief that' all this long continued and
ever advancing preparation was for — no end ? — I arn sure, and I have
reason to be sure' that my dear friend would not himself have thought so.
And I believe he would regard it as the crowning usefulness of his long
and useful life, if the thought of him should suggest to any mind, or con
firm in any mind, the grea't truth, that Death is but a step forward in
life."

8

ing us to the path which leads upward to their own,
and urging us to perseverance in well-doing. Heav
en itself becomes more attractive, when we thus
associate with its pleasures and its scenes of duty
the images of those whom we have already loved
upon earth.
Then, too, the memory of the virtuous dead is
blessed in the moral influence which it exerts over
the heart and the life, quickening and strengthen
ing all that is good. And this it does not only by
reminding us of the uncertainties of life, by showing
us its true value and its noblest ends, and by pro
ducing a religious seriousness of feeling, but by
keeping before us bright examples of high excel
lence; and examples, too, to which personal affec
tion adds a quickening power. The life even of a
good man whom we never saw wins us to the love
and the following of the virtues that were beauti
fully manifested in his character, — how much more
the pure lives of those whom we have ourselves
known, and with whom we have had daily and sweet
communion, and whose presence has been as sun
light to our path ! As we call back their departed
forms, we see them in a more radiant aspect, — their
goodness clothed with a heavenly lustre, and their
infirmities disappearing in the distance, in that ten
der light which death throws over the venerated
and the loved. We cannot think of them without
being made better.
Yes, the memory of the just is indeed blessed.
Though for a time it may awaken a painful sorrow

9

not to be entirely subdued even by the power of
religious faith, it will at length become, what it is
designed to be, a means of spiritual improvement,
a source of consolation, and a strengthener of
Christian faith and hope; it will turn our affec
tions towards God and Heaven ; it will inspire us
with holy purposes ; it will check the spirit of
worldliness, and keep before us the higher ends of
our existence ; it will tend tb create or to quicken in
our own souls the virtues that have made both our
loss and our consolations so great ; it will give fresh
life to the hope of immortality, and prepare us for
the unseen world, of which it so loudly speaks. So
may it be, fellow-Christians, with the memory of
every follower of the Lord, whose goodness, un
known perhaps to the world, and now forgotten
by fame, stiU dwells shrined in the secret recesses
of the fond kinsman's heart. So shall it be with
the memory of that true disciple of Jesus, who, his
earthly Sabbaths being ended, is now rejoicing in
the rest and glory of Heaven.
Ever blessed to his family and friends (and no
enemy in the wide world had he, none knew him
but to love him) will be the memory of that ex
cellent and eminent man, our fellow-worshipper for
many years, who has just passed on into the spirit-
world. Death has set his sanctifying seal on his
character and his work, and neither will be soon
forgotten. The remembrance of his life's labors is
bound up with the history of our Washington and
the history of the 'country of which we fondly call

10

Washington the Father, — now twice saved, with the
promise that the bright dawn will be followed by
a yet brighter noon, shining more and more unto
the perfect day.
The name of Jared Sparks stands among the
well-known and honored names that adorn our
American literature and have acquired a European
fame. No more devoted pioneer and explorer, none
so full-sheaved a worker in his special department
of the field of letters, can be found among the liv
ing or the dead of our country. And to none do
we owe so much as to him for the assiduous care
and industry, the sound judgment, and the wise
discrimination with which he has collected materials
for a full understanding of the men and the times to
which his inquiries were directed.
He was born in Willington, Conn., May 10, 1789.
Like sp many of our most distinguished men, he had
to contend with straitened circumstances in early
life, and under the discipline of privation and diffi
culty won strength for a richer success. His boy
hood and youth were employed in the common
work of a farm and in mechanical labor. But he
had an intense thirst for learning, and gave all his
spare time to reading and study. The scanty in
struction of the district schools in his native town
served only to awaken, not to satisfy, his mental
cravings, and he seized every opportunity of intel
lectual culture.* His uncommon attainments and
* It is said that he shingled the roof of a minister's house in Willington
in return for instruction in Latin.

11

ardent desire of knowledge attracted the attention
of the neighborhood, and by the kindness of friends,
who became interested in him and saw his youth
ful promise, he was sent .to the Academy in Exeter,
N. H., making his way thither on foot, the Kev.
Abiel Abbott, of Coventry, carrying his trunk for
him swung under his chaise. Diligently using his
new opportunities, he was in due time prepared for
College, and entered Harvard University in 1811,
under President Kirkland, of whom he was a special
favorite, and for whom he always entertained the
highest reverence and the most grateful and affec
tionate regard. Though he was on the whole of a
strong constitution, active and vigorous in his hab
its, and capable of great physical exertion, he seems
to have been subject to occasional turns of sickness,
and to moods of depression. In consequence partly
of ill health, partly of his poverty, he was but a little
more than two whole years in college, and that, with
this disadvantage, he should have graduated as he
did, was a proof of his great ability, as' well as of the
confidence and respect in which he was held by the
officers of the College. In his Sophomore year he
was teacher in a private family at Havre de Grace,
in Maryland ; was there when the town was burnt
by the British troops under Admiral Cockburn in
May, 1813, and was called out with the militia for
the defence of the place.* At the close of his en-
* Soon after his arrival at Havre de Grace, while he was staying at
the public house in that place, in. a dejected state of mind, occasioned
by some disappointment of his expectations and the loneliness of his sit-

12

gagement as a teacher he returned to Cambridge,
arid graduated with honor in 1815. The two fol
lowing years were spent in teaching a private school
at Lancaster in this State.*
nation, among people of a quite different spirit and training from his
own, two gentlemen, travellers on their way to Washington, came to
the inn. A beautiful island in the Susquehanna attracted their atten
tion, and one of them procured a boat, and invited Mr. Sparks, whom
they had met on the piazza, a stranger to them both, to accompany him
to the place. After a delightful excursion, and a walk around the island
intensely enjoyed by Mr. Sparks in the pleasant society and conversa
tion of the new-comer, who treated him with double cordiality on finding
that the young man was a student of Harvard, as he was himsejf a grad
uate of the College, the Hon. Josiah Quincy, then Representative in
Congress, as the stranger proved to be, returned to the inn, and intro
duced Mr. Sparks to his companion, the Rev. Dr. Channing. The inter
view gave the forlorn and struggling student new life and spirit. Dr.
Channing, who had himself had a similar experience in teaching in Vir
ginia, refreshed and strengthened him by words of sympathy, counsel,
and good cheer. And his new friends were his warm friends ever after.
— The imagination dwells with interest on the picture of this first meet
ing of his', at the Southern inn on the road to Baltimore and Washington,
with those two distinguished men, little dreaming of the after events
which were to connect them so intimately with the youthful scholar, the
one as the famous preacher of his brdination sermon, the other as his
predecessor in the Presidency of Harvard University, as well as his
neighbor and associate for many years in Cambridge, where Mr. Sparks
lived and died in the street called by the name of his honored friend.
* He cultivated in this preparatory sphere of service the habits of
steady and methodical industry which distinguished him through life.
Soon after commencing his school, he writes : "I board at Major Carter's,
a mile and a quarter from my school, to and from which I walk twice a
day. I rose this morning an hour before sunrise, and rode five or six
miles before breakfast, — an exercise which I shall continue regularly.
My school occupies six hours ; and I have resolved to devote, and thus
far have devoted, six hours out of the twenty-four to study." And be
fore this he has a memorandum of his walking from Cambridge to Bolton
twenty-six miles, setting out at half past one P. M., and arriving at
Bolton at eight in the evening.

13

In 1817 he was chosen Tutor in Mathematics and
Natural Philosophy in Harvard University. Here 'he
soon after commenced the study of divinity. He
was at the same time one of an association for con
ducting the North American Review, which had been
started two years before. In 1819 he was ordained
as Pastor of the First Independent Church in Balti
more. It was on this occasion that Dr. Channing
preached the powerful and famous sermon that cre
ated so much interest and excitement at the time,
and gave a fresh impulse to the Unitarian contro
versy, "ending, as you know, in the disruption, as in
Cambridge, of many churches, and the drawing of
the lines of sectarian distinction more sharply be
tween the Orthodox, so called, and the Liberal
Churches of this country. He remained four years
at Baltimore, performing, in addition to the common
labors of his profession, in an arduous and important
position, a large amount of theological and literary
labor, in the editorship of the Unitarian Miscellany,
and in controversial publications, called forth by the
necessity of maintaining and defending the religious
views which he had espoused.
If was during his ministry at Baltimore, in 1821,
that he was elected Chaplain to Congress ; a tribute
to his rising worth which, on account of his Unitar
rian faith, excited the ire and alarm of the zealots
of the time. The clergyman of an Episcopal church
in Washington, on the Sunday following the elec
tion, said to his congregation : " By a recent vote of
a majority of one branch of our National Legislature,

14

they have proclaimed to the world, in language as
loud as they can speak, that ' they will not have
Christ to rule over them.' One of the members in
the minority, after the vote was taken, with deep
regret observed, 'We have voted Christ out of the.
house.' In looking to the future, what have we not
reason to apprehend, when the rulers take counsel
together against the Lord and against his anointed?"
In the year following his ordination, he published
a volume entitled " Letters on the Ministry, Eitual,
and Doctrine of the Protestant Episcopal Church";*
and in 1823, "An Inquiry into the Comparative
Moral Tendency of Trinitarian and Unitarian Doc
trines." In 1822, he planned and commenced the
publication of " A Collection of Essays and Tracts
in Theology," from various authors, such as Newton,
* In an able review of this work, in the Christian Examiner for July,
1820, the writer says: " The work of Mr. Sparks is the best whicB has
appeared, since the time of Chauncy, on the Episcopal controversy. He
had the advantage over Dr. Miller in not writing in Presbyterian fetters,
and in possessing a learning possibly not so various, (for he is a much
younger man,) but far better digested, more systematic and accurate.
The cause of letters owes much to this gentleman, and, if it had not sur
rendered him to higher claims, would yet hope much more. In his
removal, the University resigned a member on whose reputation and
services it set a high value, and it was felt like the loss of a distinguished
freeman to the literary republic of the East. Under his direction the
North American Review made great progress towards that reputation
which has enabled it at last (in conjunction with other publications to the
same end) to lower the tone of our Transatlantic traducers, and to give
itself no mean proof of the intellectual advances which it vindicates.
From this flattering path to a wide reputation, and from the pursuit of
favorite studies, he hesitated not to withdraw himself to the service of re
ligion, and went, with, to say the least, no elating prospects, to preach in
a new field the doctrines of uncorrupt Christianity."

15

Whitby, Emlyn, Clark, Lardner, Chillingworth, and
others, eminent for their talents, learning, and vir
tues, with biographical and critical notices. This
extended to six volumes, the last of which was pub
lished in 1826. In 1823, after four years of work in
the ministry, on account of impaired health and
for various reasons satisfactory to himself, he re
signed his pastoral charge. In his letter of resigna
tion he says : " The religious views by which you
are characterized, I believe to be the truths of
Heaven, as revealed and proclaimed to the world by
the "Son of God. To me they afford the choicest
solace in hfe, and to my mind they are fraught with
the most consoling and encouraging hopes which a
mortal can carry with him to the presence of his
righteous Judge; and my prayer is, that I may
never be weary in using such powers and influence
as i may possess to diffuse religious sentiments,
which I deem so honorable to God, and so salutary
to men." The feeling which he thus expressed
never faltered or changed. Among the new scenes
and pursuits on which he afterwards entered, he ever
maintained his warm interest in the advancement of
the doctrines of the Unitarian faith. Always mild,
candid, and tolerant, he was yet most earnest in his
desire and effort to spread the views which he
deemed most "honorable to God, and salutary to
men." After his retirement from the ministry and his
return to Massachusetts, he was for seven years pro
prietor and editor of the North American Review

16
In 1828 he published, from original materials, an
interesting life of "John Ledyard, the American
Traveller." Some years before this, in the course
of inquiries undertaken for a friend connected with
the University Press, he had conceived the plan o^
preparing a full and authentic life of Washington,
and of collecting from all sources, at home and
abroad, the correspondence of that great man, and
the official and private documents that might throw
light on his public career and the history of his
times. In preparation for this work, on which he
sppnt ten years of his life, he made extensive re
searches in various parts of our own country, and
then went to Europe and employed a year in exam
ining the public offices in London and Paris, and
taking copies of all important papers bearing on his
subject. He was received with much courtesy and
consideration, and through the kindness and fri^d-
ship of the French Minister, Guizot, as well as of the
English officials, he found unexpected facilities for the
accomplishment of his enterprise. The first fruits of
his labors appeared in 1829-30, in the "Diplomatic
Correspondence of the American Revolution," a work
in twelve volumes octavo, followed, two years after,
by the " Life of Gouverneur Morris, with Selections
from his Correspondence and Miscellaneous Papers,"
in three volumes octavo. " The American Almanac,"
a work of great value and various information, was
also originated, and its first volume, for 1830, edited
by him. He also became editor of the " Library of
American Biography," of which two series were pub-

17
lished, comprising twenty-five volumes in all, be
tween the years 1834 and 1848, and for which sev
eral of the biographies, such as those of Benedict
•Arnold, Father Marquette, Count Pulaski, Charles
Lee, Ethan Allen, and others, were prepared by his
own indefatigable pen. Thus, in the midst of the
execution of his great and specially chosen work, he
was carrying on with admirable diligence other lit
erary labors of much interest and value. In 1834,
and the three years following, he gave to the world
his " Life and Writings of Washington," in twelve
octavo volumes, — a work which will ever claim the
gratitude of all who love their country and revere
the memory of the wise and noble man who did so
much to secure its independence, and to lay the
foundations deep and strong of our national union
and greatness. .
In 1840, he completed the publication of " The
Works of Benjamin Franklin, with Notes, and a Life
of the Author,!' containing much before unpublished
or uncollected matter, in ten octavo volumes. He
soon after made a second journey to Europe, and, in
his renewed researches among the French archives,
discovered the map with the red line marked upon it,
concerning which, and the use made of it in settling
the question of the Northeastern Boundary in 1842,
there was so much debate, both in this country and
in England. In 1854 appeared " Correspondence of
the American Revolution, being Letters of eminent
Men to George Washington, from the Time of his
taking Command of the Army to the End of his Pres-

18
idency, edited from the Original Manuscripts." This
was the last of the important and interesting works,
illustrative of American history, which we owe to
the patriotic zeal, the patient industry and research
of Mr. Sparks. He had previously, however, in 1852,
in reply to the strictures of Lord Mahon and others
on his mode of editing the writings of Washington,
printed two pamphlets, fully vindicating his course,
and showing that the only important criticisms were
wholly unfounded and unjust. I need not speak, to
those who are acquainted with his writings, of the
thoroughness, carefulness, candor, and discrimination
by which they are marked, and their clear, exact, and
simple style, reflecting the qualities of his mind and
heart. No finer examples can be found of patient
research and conscientious devotion to historic truth.
The brief survey which I have thus given of his
literary labors and their abundant fruits, amounting
to nearly a hundred volumes, a library in themselves,
is enough to" show, without any added words of
mine, what an enterprising and indefatigable worker
he has been; and what an amount of service in his
chosen and providential sphere he accomplished in
his meridian strength and zeal, so quiet, yet so per
sistent and effective. Few have done so much as he,
and so well.
When to all this we add. his academical engage
ments and lectures, the duties of the Professorship
to which, in 1839, he was chosen, the Professor
ship of Ancient and Modern History, — an office
which he held for ten years, until, in 1849, he was

19
elected President of the University which he had
loved and served, the worthy successor of Kirkland,
Quincy,. and Everett, respected and beloved by offi
cers and students, — we may well admire and honor
the fruitful industry of his well-spent life. An acci
dent, which for a time crippled his arm and disabled
him for the accustomed use of his pen,, about fifteen
years since, interrupted and finally prevented' the
execution of a design which he had matured, and
for which he had made large preparation, of writ
ing the Foreign Diplomatic History of our American
Revolution.* But he never murmured. He bore
the disappointment with a serene submission, a calm
piety and patience, as admirable>as the activity and
energy with which he had labored in full health
and strength.
The memory of his virtues will forever abide with
his ¦ friends, shining in their souls with a soft and
pleasant light : and so he will continue to serve and
to bless them in death, as he served and blessed them
in life. Those who knew him best loved him most.
"In simplicity and godly sincerity, not with fleshly
wikdom, but by the grace of God," he had his " con-
* It was his original intention to write a history of the American Rev
olution, but finding that Mr. Bancroft proposed to extend his work to the
close of the Revolutionary War, he relinquished his plan for the more
limited one above mentioned. He had in his collection of manuscripts,
gathered in this country and in Europe, very rich and abundant materi
als for such a work, most carefully and methodically arranged and bound
up in volumes. These, bequeathed by his will to his son, ultimately to
revert to the College Library, it has been concluded to deposit for safe
keeping in the Library, as soon as the necessary arrangements can be
made.

20

versation in the world." The nearer you came to
him, the stronger the attraction of his pure and true
spirit. His was a somewhat reserved, restrained,
undemonstrative nature. He made no show ; he felt
often more than he expressed. Under the influence
of a physical depression to which he was subject, he
was sometimes sad and silent,. But underneath,
there beat the tenderest heart, the kindest affec
tions, the warmest generosity, ready at every call to
pour out its gifts. His character was built on the
granite base of Truth, Simplicity, Rectitude, like his
own Washington's. In some respects, he resembled
that great and good man : his own spirit was natu
rally attuned to the character which he had under
taken to portray, and found not only delight, but
added strength, and a kindred tone of thought and
feeling, communicated, perhaps unconsciously to him
self, in the carrying on of his first great and gladly
cTiosen work. His aims from the beginning were
high and generous; no low, narrow, self-indulgent
views tainted his heart or life. But those who knew
him from his youth, and knew him best, saw that
there was in him, beyond the common strain, some
thing large and heroic. Early in life, he had con
ceived the plan of becoming a traveller and an ex
plorer of Africa ; and came very near to carrying
out his project ; if circumstances had favored, he
would have been a Ledyard, or a Livingstone, as
daring, as persistent, as they. But God had other
work for him to do, and he has done it, we all know
how well, — done more than any other man among

21

us for the historical literature of our country: — the
first real, thorough student in this department, giv
ing .the first complete example of the fulness and
accuracy of research and exploration of authentic
documents and accumulation of materials and per
sonal preparation in many ways for the work.
" Blessed," says the Scripture, " is the memory of
the just " : of the just. In the narrower, as well as in
the larger sense, does the word apply to our honored
friend. He was thoroughly just, upright, conscien
tious in his dealings ; fair, candid, equitable in his
judgments ; never willingly, never consciously, I am
sure, doing wrong by word or act, with pen or tongue,
to any man. He was transparently truthful, artless,*
and sincere ; with a mingled simplicity and unassum
ing dignity, a blended suavity and quiet reserve, that
were very winning. And he was as sweei>tempered
as he was truthful ; as gracious and benevolent as
he was just; kind, cordial, tender-hearted, full of
mercy and good works. No one ever went to him
in vain for help. Perhaps he was in danger, some
times, of being over-charitable, over-generous, giving
* The testimony of his classmate and life-long friend, Prof Parsons, in
his tribute before the Historical Society, to the memory of their late
Vice-President, well expresses what all who knew him, felt : " I have not
known and I cannot imagine a man more absolutely devoid of vanity or
afiectation. He valued the good opinion of good men, 5s evidence that
he had succeeded in his efforts to be and to do what such men approve,
and that what he had done for others would be acceptable and useful.
But in the half-century of our acquaintance, I have never witnessed
an act, a look, a word, which indicated even the thought of seeming
other than he was, — of winning even momentary approbation by mere
seeming."

22

to the asker beyond the asker's claim. Many a poor
man, many a poor woman in this neighborhood, wiU
feel the loss of his pleasant word, his bountiful purse,
ever open, as in his College Presidency to the young
men who needed, as he himself once needed, the
helping hand, so to all whom he had opportunity to
succor and serve.
Fully did he, if any man, meet the requirement
announced by the prophet of old, saying to his
people, still saying by the spirit to us all, " He hath
showed thee, 0 man, what is good ; and what doth
the Lord require of thee, but to do justly, and
love mercy, and walk humbly with thy God ? "
He walked humbly with his God, as he walked
modestly and lovingly with man. He was truly,
unaffectedly devout, of a deeply reverent spirit;
in his views of Scripture and of Christ adhering
to the school of Channing and Ware ; disliking and
dreading the innovations and radicalism of the day,
as well as the false reaction in an opposite direction,
but ever steadfastly manifesting his profound rehg-
iousness of mind in outward ordinances, in con
stant attendance, morning and afternoon, at the
sanctuary, in the, whole tone of his speech, in the
whole tenor of his life ; he was, in short, a true
disciple of (^hrist, both in love to man, and in love
to God.
What he was in his family,* how gentle, affec-
* Mr. Sparks was married on the 16th of October, 1832, to Miss Frances
Anne Allen of Hyde Park, New York. Her death in 1835, and subse
quently that of their only child, a daughter of fine promise, at the age of

23

tionate, thoughtful, sympathizing, how devoted in
his parental care, how watchful for, the best interests
of each and all, they best know who miss the hus
band and the father's love.
Sadly shall we too miss him from his accustomed
place in this temple of the Lord. It was good to
see and to meet here one whom we all honored, and
to join with him in our Sabbath worship. And yet
we feel that we have no right to mourn over so
peaceful and happy an end, coming in the course of
nature, in the ripe fulness of time, to a cl§ar mind
and a body not yet shattered by age. He had
reached the perilous, doubtful limit beyond which
the prospect for ' this life grows ever more dim ; he
has passed away, as he himself would have wished,
by a brief and gentle summons ; * his work on earth
was done and waited only for the Master's " Well
done ! " and he has fallen asleep in Christ that he may
awake to a brighter morn and an irnmortal youth.
" Thanks be to God, who giveth us the victory
through our Lord Jesus Christ."
twelve, were among the few shadows that fell on a life otherwise pros
pered and happy. He was again married, on the 21st of May, 1839, to
Miss Mary C. Silsbee, a daughter of Hon. Nathaniel Silsbee of Salem, a
wealthy and honored merchant, our Senator in Congress. Four chil
dren, a son, now in College, and three daughters, survive to mourn with
their mother the loss of one whose domestic virtues and rare sweetness,
purity and simplicity of character, were the light of his favored home.
* Mr. Sparks died at his residence in Cambridge on the 14th of March,
after a week's iUness, of pneumonia, attended with but little sufiering, at
the age of seventy-six years and ten months.

®l)c Cirijtistian Citizen.

DISCOURSE

OCCASIONED BY THE DEATH OF

CHARLES BECK, LL.D.,

DELIVERED MARCH 25, 1866,

BEFORE THE FIEST PARISH IN CAMBEIDGE.

WILLIAM NEWELL,
MIHISTBK OF THE FIKST CHUECH IN CAMBKIDGE.

CAMBRIDGE :
SEVEB AND FRANCIS,
BOOKSELLERH TO THE UNITBBSITT.
1866.

University Press : Welch, Bigelow, & Co.,
Cambridge.

SERMON.

" The memort of the just is blesseb." — Proverbs x. 7.
"I KNOW NOT THE DAT OF MY DEATH."  Gcnesis XXvii. 2.
"I KNOW not the day of my death." And why
should I wish to know ? — What matters it how
soon or how late it may come, if the servant be
ready for the Master's call ? It is in the hands of
God, the Father, — of Him who knoweth what is best
for me and for all. When the seemingly strong man
is struck down without warning, without sickness or
suffering, as by the lightning's stroke, there are priv
ileges in such a mode of death, that make it an ob
ject of desire to many minds that shrink from the
lengthened trials of infirmity and pain ; on many
accounts would they choose, if they had the choice,
so to pass away. Certainly, it is not a sudden death,
but a death unprepared for, that we are to dread
and shun. Cheerfully, trustingly leaving to God the
time and the way, — knowing that His time is the
best time, and His way the best way, — aU that we
have to do, and all that we have to care for, is to fit
ourselves for the certain event under the shadow of
the uncertain hour. So that, whether it fall in the

second or the third watch, it may find us at our
posts, unsurprised, with lights trimmed and burning.
Blessed is that servant whom his Lord, when he
cometh, shall find so watching.
Another of the most honored members of our so-
ciety has finished his earthly work ; and, to-day, has
found his heavenly Sabbath, and offers his heavenly
worship in the temple not made with hands. I little
thought, as, a week since, I saw him before me in
health and strength, devoutly joining in the religious
services, on which he was always so punctual an
attendant, that on Ms venerated head the suspended
sword was next to fall ; that he was so soon and by
so sudden a call to follow the distinguished associate
and friend, over whose memory we were then chant
ing the beatitudes and rendering the offering of
our love and respect. He ^ was so hale, so fresh in
spirit, so active in all his habits, with so little appear
ance of infirmity or failure, so careful, methodical,
and temperate in his modes of life, that he would
have been among the last whom we should have ex
pected to be taken next. His sudden departure,*
overwhelming his family and friends with consterna
tion and grief, is but another illustration of the un
certainties and sad changes of our earthly being,
continually brought before us, in one form or anoth
er, in our own immediate circle and in the world
around us. There are very few men of his age and
* Dr. Beck, while he was riding on horseback, in company with his
daughter, on the afternoon of March 19, was suddenly seized with
apoplexy, and died three hours after.

his position whose death would be so deeply and
generally felt as his. He still touched life in so
many points, he stood in pleasant and useful rela
tions to so many persons in this community, he had
entered so readily, so heartily, and with such fidelity,
zeal, and patience, into the questions and movements
of the time, the charities of war and of peace, the in
terests of our neighborhood and our city, small and
great, that were in any way commended to his no
tice and action, — he was so accessible, so courteous
and cordial to all classes of men, so willing, as well
as able, to do his part, to accept and execute his
share in the public or social labors and responsibili
ties that come upon the good citizen, that he was
very widely known and appreciated. His unexpect
ed departure will be felt as a personal loss by all
with whom he had come into contact in the daily
affairs of life, in business relations, in the adminis
tration of various trusts, in political action, or in the
obscurer, but not unimportant, military training,
which the possible contingencies of the late war for
the Union made one of the public duties of the time.
His career is interesting as that of one who, like
our Pilgrim Fathers, driven from his own land by
the ruling powers, was in fact a precious gift of the
Old World to the New. As was said of his friend
and fellow-exile, the brave and pure-minded Follen,
by one who was vindicating him against those who
objected, on the ground of his being a foreigner, to
his taking the active public part which he did in the
Antislavery movement, " Though not a son of the

Pilgrims, he was himself a Pilgrim," fired by the
same love of freedom, sustained by the same relig
ious principle, which brought over the little band in
the Mayflower to their New England home. What
was Europe's loss, in his banishment and the banish
ment of such men as he, was our gain. And we
have to praise God for that beneficent overruling of
man's wrath, which sent him,, with other noble and
accomplished men, to our Western shores, to help
build up our American Eepublic to true greatness
and honor.
He was born on the 19th of August, 1798, at
Heidelberg, in Baden. His father, a merchant, dying
while he was still young, his mother was married a
second time to Dr. DeWette, the eminent theolo
gian, and Biblical interpreter and critic, then Profes
sor in the University of Heidelberg, and afterwards
in the University of Berlin. DeWette was "as gentle
and kind as he was learned and wise." His son-in-
law loved and venerated him, and, under his guidance
and care, grew up with all the advantages and good
¦influences, domestic and social, which such a parent
age secured to him. He was educated at the Uni
versity of Berlin, became an accomplished classical
scholar, afterwards studied theology,* and intended
to enter the Christian ministry in the Lutheran
Church ; indeed, had not wholly rehnquished his de
sign when he came to this country. But circum-
* After completing his couTse of study, he was ordained at Heidel
berg, July 7, 1822. In 1823, he received the degree of Doctor of Phi
losophy and Master of Arts from the University of Tiibingen.

stances changed his plans and his course of life. His
youth fell upon a period of pohtical ferment in his
fatherland. There was much excitement in the
Universities, as well as throughout Germany, — a
growing demand for a larger measure of popular
privileges and constitutional freedom, which had been
promised by the princes of Germany, in their time of
danger, but afterwards, when, with the downfall of
Bonaparte, the great peril had passed, withheld by
them all, with a single exception, that of the Duke
of Saxe-Weimar, who was true to his word. Coinci
dent and connected with this was an earnest move
ment for a more comprehensive union among the
students of the Universities, a true Christian Bur-
schenschaft, free from the narrowness, sectional dis
tinctions, and arbitrary rules of honor, which had
prevailed, combined with a general reform of man
ners and life, in which Dr. Follen was a leading spirit,
and his younger friend. Beck, an active helper. In
1819, a great excitement was caused by the murder
of Kotzebue, by Sand, a young German fanatic, who
believed himself to have a call from Heaven to put
to death one who was, as he and his party thought,
a traitor and a spy in the interest of Russia, a merce
nary tool of despotic and aristocratic power.
De Wette, in his sympathy for the mother of Sand,
(who immediately gave himself up to the officers of
justice and was tried and executed,) wrote her a let
ter of consolation, which was construed against him,
as implying, in one passage, an extenuation of the
crime. He was in consequence deprived of his

8
office, and removed with his family to Basel, in Swit
zerland, where he found a welcome and a Professor
ship in the University in that place.
Here Dr. Beck also, after finishing his theological
studies, was employed as Tutor in the University,
and resided with his father-in-law till ,his departure
for America. Meanwhile his friend Dr. Follen, who,
although honorably acquitted after full examination
of all complicity with Sand, was still an object of
suspicion and jealousy to the government, had been
finally compelled, to leave Germany ; and, after some
months' residence at Chur, in Switzerland, where he
officiated as Professor of Latin and Universal History
at the Cantonal School of the Grisons, had, on
account of- the outcry raised against him by certain
zealots of the Swiss clergy for his Anti-Trinitarian
and Anti-Calvinistic views and teachings, been
obliged to resign his place. He was soon after, how
ever, appointed as a public lecturer at the University
of Basel, where he gave instruction on the natural,
the civil, and the ecclesiastical law, besides some
branches of metaphysics. Here he rejoined his
friend Beck, and for three years lived peacefully and
happily in the acceptable discharge of the duties of
' his office, until, in 1824, under the pressure brought
to bear by the Allied Sovereigns upon the govern
ment of Basel, to which, in its weakness, it at length
reluctantly succumbed, he found himself again driv
en into exile.* Dr. Beck was now convinced that
* He was accused, in the demands made for his surrender, of being
one of the chief movers in a grand conspiracy against the monarchical in-

9

there was nolonger any hope for the friends of free
dom in his own country, or any personal security
even in Switzerland ; and he determined to embark
with Dr. Follen for this country, and to make for
himself a new home in a strange land. They suc
ceeded in reaching Havre in safety, set sail on the
5th of November, 1824, and arrived in New York on
the 19th of December. Soon after his arrival he
became connected as teacher with the Round Hill
School at Northampton, an institution of much
celebrity at the time, under the charge of Mr. J. G.
Cogswell, formerly Librarian of our University, and
Mr. George Bancroft, the historian. In this place
he remained several years, until, in 1830, in connec
tion with two other gentlemen experienced in teach
ing, he undertook the establishment of a school for
boys at Phillipstown, on the Hudson, opposite West
Point. The high estimation in which he was held
in his special department of instruction was shown
by his election, in 1832, to the Latin Professorship
in Cambridge, — an office which he held with entire
acceptance and success for eighteen years, discharg
ing its duties with unvarying fidehty, and with a
stitutions of Germany. He at first refused to leave Basel; but finding
resistance hopeless, he sent to the government the following; declaration :
'¦ Whereas, the Republic of Switzerland which has protected so many fu
gitive princes, noblemen, and priests, would not protect him who, like
them, is a Republican, he is compelled to take refuge in the great asylum
of liberty, the United States of America. His false accusers he summons
before the tribunal of God and public opinion. Laws he has never vio
lated. But the heinous crime of having loved his country has rendered
him guilty to such a degree that he feels quite unworthy to be pardoned
by the Holy Alliance.'' 2t

10

conscientious strictness and fulness of instruction,
allowing no evasions on the part of his pupils, com
bined with a gentlemanly courtesy and dignity
which won the respect of all, and the unqualified
liking of those who were really interested in the
studies of his department and desirous -to learn. The
best scholars best estimated his excellence as a
teacher, and the thoroughness and minuteness of his
work. On his retirement from his professorship and
his release from tiie special engagements of his aca
demical office, he devoted himself to literary pur
suits and classical studies, some of the fruits of which
appeared in a work of great resea,rch, published three
years since, entitled " The Manuscripts of the Satyr-
icon of Petronius Arbiter, described and collated." *
You know what his later life among us has been ;>
how honorable, useful, and beneficent ; how true to
every claim of good neighborhood and Christian fel^
low-citizenship ; how fraternally democratic, in the
best sense of that word; how loyal and patriotic.
* " All that the libraries of Europe afford in the way of material for
the restoration of the text of Petronius — so long obscure and corrupt —
has been brought together and arranged by Dr. Beck, with that careful
research and that masterly skill which have placed him among the best
scholars of the age." — Christian Examiner for November, 1863.
In 1843, Dr. Beck was chosen a member of the American Oriental
Society, and in 1845, of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
In 1865 he was appointed by the Governor and Council of Massachusetts
a trustee of the Massachusetts School for Idiotic and Feeble-minded
Youth ; and in the same year the degree of Doctor of Laws was con
ferred upon him by Harvard University. He was also for two years a
Representative of Cambridge in the State Legislature ; and did o-ood
service in other offices of a more private character in the town and
neighborhood. Honors, however, he never sought ; but they sought him.

11

He was a man of large views and high public spirit,
flowing out of the clear and deep well-spring of that
consistent moral and religious principle which gov
erned his whole life. And though he enjoyed as
much as any man the quiet delights of study, the
elegant leisure of literary pursuits, the luxury of so
cial intercourse with kindred minds, the innocent
enjoyments of a refined, conviviality, the pleasures
and novelties of travel, he had a deeper sense than
most men in his position of his civic and political
obligations, and felt it to be a duty incumbent on
him, as on every man in a republic like ours, to do
his part, to accept and assume his share in all the
burdens and responsibilities, in all the movements
and enterprises, that concern the welfare of the com
munity in which he lived, — the parish, the neigh
borhood, the city, the State, and, over and above all,
the national life of the great country which with the
same spirit he had made his own. The true-hearted
German became the true-hearted American, — Amer
ican to the core.* From the beginning, with equal
good sense and right feeling, he baptized himself into
the spirit of our institutions ; adapted himself, yet
* Immediately after his arrival in this country he applied to be natu
ralized, and in 1830 was admitted to the full privileges of American citi
zenship. He bound himself stiU more strongly to his adopted country by
domestic ties. He was married in 1827 to Miss Louisa A. Henshaw, of
Northampton. She died in 1830 ; and he was married in 1831 to her
sister, Mrs. Teresa H. Phillips, by whose death, three years since, he was
again bereaved. His only child, Mrs. Anna B. Mbring, now mourns the
loss of a most affectionate and honored father. Of the children of Mrs.
Beck by her first husband, one only, Mrs. Professor Salisbury, of New
Haven, survives.

12
without serviUty, to the manners and habits of our
people ; and, without sacrificing anything that was
good in his own training, and ways of thought and
of life, took up whatever was good in theirs. It is
by such a course of action that he, with Follen and
Lieber, and others of like spirit, his compatriots and
fellow-exiles, have consecrated and endeared their
names to the American heart. He threw himself
at once into all the interests of the community,
identified himself with our citizens, illustrated and
enforced by his own steady yet unobtrusive ex
ample the citizen's duty, gave the weight of his
presence, his active influence, his generously ex
pended means, his wisely uttered word, to every
good cause, to every humane, patriotic, and benev-
qjent enterprise, to every literary and educational
movement, to every religious charity, that com
mended itself to his favor and aid. He loved to do
service, and to give where, in his judgment, it was
right and wise to give. In this, as in everything
else, he acted on principle. He was not carried
away by impulse ; nor was he recklessly profuse or
indiscriminate in his benefactions. What he was in
one sphere, he was in every other ; in the smaller as
.well as in the larger, in the larger as well as in the
smaller, conscientiously faithful to the duty, little
or great, of the situation and the time ; avoiding
no burden that was properly his to share ; neither
courting nor shrinking from publicity ; making nei
ther his age, nor his social preferences, nor his lit
erary tastes, an excuse for inaction and exemption

13

from the common work. And so he served, always
promptly, punctually, with thorough fidelity, as
many of you can bear personal testimony, in the
administration of divers trusts; in civil offices, to
which he was chosen by his townsmen ; on commit
tees of various kinds, — literary, political, patriotic,
for business or charity, for town or church. Modest
as he was, in his strong sense of duty he was as self-
reliant as he was modest, and stood back from no
work that claimed his helping voice or hand. Under
the same governing principle of his life, to be a true
Christian citizen, as soon as his connection with the
College, and, of proper consequence, with the College
Chapel, ceased, he became an active, efficient, and
liberal member of this Parish, a most constant and
attentive worshipper at its Sunday services ; an atr
tendant, always to be depended upon, at its annual
and business meetings; warmly interested in its
prosperity, and in aU plans, immediate or prospect
ive, for sustaining and strengthening it, both as it
is one of the members of the great body of which
Christ is the head, and as in some degree the special
representative in Old Cambridge of the religious
views most dear to our brother's heart, and of which
he, like his revered College associate and friend,
over whom with him the funeral dirge sounds again
in our ears to-day, was a most stanch advocate and
supporter through all his life. He was a loyal Uni
tarian, a loyal parishioner. As he was a loyal citizen.
No one among us will be more missed in this
respect than he ; and some at the sudden and si-

, 14
multaneous departure of two such men, pillars of the
church, are tempted to think and speak of it in a
tone of despondency, as if it cast an echpse over our
future plans and hopes. So it was in our great
war, when some of our ablest and bravest were
struck down. But God did not desert the nation,
when the nation stood true to itself; and. he will
not desert the Christian household or the Christian
church. An added responsibility falls upon the
survivors of this congregation to support the insti
tutions and carry on the work committed to their
hands. And we shall do little honor to the memory
of the departed, if, in anything connected with the
church, to which their presence once gave an added
sacredness and interest, we fail to answer the claims
which they would have fully and promptly met.
That memory, it may be said equally of both, was
" the memory of the just " and a " blessed " memory,
that should ever be a light to our feet and a lamp
to our path in the public and the private relations
of hfe, in the duties of the house and of the church.
It is no common honor, it is no light commendation
to any society and to the religious body with which
it is connected, to have had and to have such men
among its members. When Unitarianism can present
at the judgment-seat such lives and characters as
theirs, the fair outgrowth of the faith and the prin
ciples which it holds as the simple truth of God, the
Gospel uncorrupt of His Son, it need not fear to
be charged with heresy by Christ, or to be rejected
and despised by Him who said, "By their fruits

15
shall ye know them." Men cannot « gather grapes
of thorns or figs of thistles," or a true, healthy, and
beautiful life from an unsound and sapless root.
The memory, I say, of our loved and lamented
brother and friend is the blessed " memory of the
just" He was a thoroughly /ms^, honorable, upright,
man, governed in all his views and conduct by a
high sense of duty and honor. He was a religious
and spiritually-minded man, serious and thoughtful
in his views of life, loving to dwell on high themes ;
rather quiet and grave in his temperament, yet free
from aU gloom and asceticism ; a cheerful, genial
companion, whose general information, derived from
his European training and American experience,
from books and travel, made his conversation always
interesting and instructive. — I have already spoken
of his great kindness and liberality ; his beneficence
to the poor and needy has been the delight of those
who have had opportunities of knowing and appre
ciating his gifts. It was to him among the first, and
to none more than to him, that we have long been
accustomed to look for the helping purse and open
hand in any case of private destitution, as well as
any call of public duty or need. His generous,
sustairjed, often unsolicited donations to the great
charities created by the war, the Soldiers' Fund, the
Sanitary Commission, the agencies for the care and
education of the Freedmen, the Nation's poor, in
whom he felt not only the common interest of hu
manity, but an American patriot's interest, believing
the honor as well as the welfare of the country to

be involved in the wise and just treatment of its
emancipated wards, — these too are well known, and
were only special manifestions of the same admi
rable spirit which shone out in many ways, in public
and in private, in word and in action, through the
whole of that momentous and agitating struggle.
To all of you who knew him I need not speak of
his kindly, courteous, yet dignified manners, his
pleasant intercourse with all classes of men. He was
ever true to the principles which he had early em
braced in his own country, and for which he became
a fugitive and an exile to our freer land. He car
ried out in his practice — what many of his brother
champions of liberty and equality did little more
than adopt in theory — the truly democratic idea.
He was a thorough republican, in the largest sense,
I mean, of that term. He had no false, aristocratic
feeling lingering in his blood ; certainly he showed
none in any of the situations in which he was placed.
He mingled freely with others, of however different
a training or social position,
" And walked with man from day to day
As with a brother and a friend."
During the last five years he has been brought
by the exciting emergencies of the times into closer
contact with his fellow-citizens of all callings ; in
political gatherings, in patriotic*meetings, in military
exercises, to which, notwithstanding his advancing
age, he gave himself with an active devotion and
zeal, which often put to shame many of his youthful
comrades of the drill-room and the camp. They

17
will forever remember, not only his energy, faithful
ness, quiet enthusiasm, and earnest loyalty, but his
cordial, friendly, affable spirit and manners, endear
ing him to all. Respecting all men, but never los
ing his own self-respect, he won without seeking
the general love and esteem ; and the tidings of his
sudden death produced a shock through our whole
community such as has been seldom felt.
And will indeed the places that have known him
know him no more? Will that active form, that
agile step, no more be seen in our streets ? Shall
we no more look on the friendly countenance, grasp
the friendly hand ?
Farewell, dear brother and friend ! And God
give us grace to honor thy blessed memory, to fol
low thy luminous example, of uprightness and high-
minded honor, of fidelity and zeal, of courage and
steadfastness in duty, of truthfulness and singleness
of heart, of charity, kindness, and courtesy, of active
interest in every good cause, of love to man and
love to God, of loyalty to our country, and of loy
alty to the still higher claims of humanity and
freedom, of justice and right!

iPA«i?HLGT muBm
PAT. NO.
877188
ManufttclUteJ bu
GAYLORO BROS. Inc.
Syracuse, N. Y.
Stockton, Calif.

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