3 9002 05423 6: 99 Ccta ^70 Lieut, Gen. p. H, Sheridan, A MEMORIAL THE GREAT REBELLION BEING A HISTORY OF THE FOURTEENTH REGIMENT ;NetD~§ampst)ir£ boUmtos, COVERING ITS THREE YEARS OF SERVICE, WITH ORIGINAL ' SKETCHES OF ARMY LIFE. 1862-1865. ISSUED BY THE COMMITTEE OF PUBLICATION. BOSTON : FRANKLIN PRESS: RAND, AVERY, & COMPANY. 1882. COPTBIGHTED, 1882, By F. H. BUFFTJM. TO THE BRAVE SONS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, Out ComraflMf of tfye jrottrtmttl) Kegtmntt, WHO DIED IS THE STRUGGLE WITH THE GEEAT BEBELLKMf, THAT THE " GOVEEXMXXT OF THE PEOPLE, BY THE PEOPLE, FOE THE PFOPLE, MIGHT XOT PEEISH FEOM THE EABTH," tEfyis Solum* tg Sffertumatelp DeittateS. PEEFACE. The Fourteenth Regiment, twenty years after its organization, and seventeen years after its work in the Great Rebellion was done, publishes its memorial volume. And still it is the first organization of Union volunteers from the Granite State to issue a work of this kind. In waiting thus long, it is probable that a more satisfactory volume has been produced than would have resulted from an earlier attempt at publication. The Committee, upon which the veterans of the Fourteenth devolved the duty now discharged, has striven to present a work free from the crudities and narrow range of value which attached to so many of the publications immediately following the close of the war. This book was intended by the Committee to attain three ends : First, to present an accurate history of the Fourteenth New Hamp shire Volunteers, and a record of all its members up to the present year. A complete history was not contemplated, — that were an impossibility ; for it would necessarily include the detailed story of more than thirteen hundred eventful lives during their entire connec tion with the regiment. It is believed that these pages record all of the important events in the life of the organization, and perhaps also a large proportion of the prominent incidents which filled out the months and years of its service. Second, this volume aims to fur nish a comprehensive account of the romantic and important opera tions in the Shenandoah Valley from the beginning to the end of the VI PREFACE. war ; epitomized in the first three years of the ever-shifting struggle, but fully and accurately portrayed in the last and triumphant cam paign of 1864. Third, in a series of articles of general application, taken in connection with the incidents appearing in the narrative portion, the Committee has aimed to hold up before the general reader a striking picture of volunteer army life as it was experienced by a million and a half of America's citizens drawn from every community in the loyal North. Concerning the first point, the Committee has labored under both inevitable and unnecessary difficulties. Important information has been obtained with difficulty. The lapse of time since i860, the death or removal of many, has rendered it difficult, if not impos sible, to secure valuable material. In many cases it is to be feared that surviving members of the regiment has not rendered that aid which, could it have been given, would have materially lightened the labors, and made more completely successful the work accomplished. The Committee has made use of all the material furnished, and has endeavored by repeated requests to obtain every fact of interest. Every practicable endeavor has been made to avoid neglect and prevent omissions. The Committee gratefully recognizes the hearty co-operation of those comrades who have done all in their power to make the enterprise worthy and successful. CHARLES P. HALL, JOHN W. STURTEVANT, SAMUEL L. GEROULD, FRANCIS H. BUFFUM, Committee of Publication. AUTHOR'S NOTE. Ix the preparation of this vo'.nme, under the direction of the Com mittee of Publication, the author has been indebted to many who have contributed to this memorial. He desires to acknowledge the favors and services which have materially aided in the accomplish ment of the work. He is under obligations to the following officers and gentlemen outside of the Fourteenth Veteran Association: Lieut.-Gen. Philip H. Sheridan ; Col. Herbert E. Hill, formerly of Gen. Sheridan's staff; Mr. C. K. Lord of the Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad; Mr. George F. Field and Col. F. H. Forbes of Boston; Superintendent A. B. Drum of the National Cemetery, Winchester, Va. ; Postmaster A. L. Ebersole, Cedar Creek, Va. The following members of the Fourteenth have furnished written contributions : Col. Carroll D. Wright, who has written one of the accounts of the Battle of the Opequan, and the principal portion of the sketch of "Service at the Central Guard-House;" Capt. Charles P. Hall, who furnishes a sketch of " Duty at Fort Pulaski," and of " Hospital Guard-Duty in Washington ; " Capt. John W. Sturtevant, who has had charge of the elaborate and valuable tables which complete this volume, gathering the material and compiling the statistics with much labor and difficulty; Lieut. Marcus M. Holmes, who contributes one account of the Battle of Cedar Creek, and a sketch of " The Refugee Camp ; " Lieut. Walter H. Sargent, who has written the story of " An Attempted Escape ; " Sergt. Sam- viii AUTHOR'S NOTE. uel L. Gerould, who has materially assisted in the preparation of the statistical tables, especially the comparative tables, which are of special interest to all New-Hampshire veterans. The writers of the various company sketches are credited in the proper place. In addition to the fsrmal written contributions, the following comrades have supplied important information from their diaries : Col. C. D. Wright, Capt. J. W. Sturtevant, Lieuts. E. D. Hadley, O. C. Mason, and J. L. King, Sergt. S. L. Gerould, and A. Z. Mason ; while the following have been active in furnishing data and incidents with which to enrich the work : Col. C. D. Wright, Major F. L. Tolman, Capts. S. A. Carter, C. W. Hodgdon, Ira Berry, jun., C. P. Hall, J. W. Sturtevant, and G. F. Blanchard ; Lieuts. M. M. Holmes and W. H. Sargent ; Sergts. S. L. Gerould, G. H. Stowell, jun., G. A. Sherman, and Corpl. J. Gove. In order to relieve some who are herein mentioned from any possi ble embarrassment, it may be proper to state that this note appears without the knowledge of the other members of the Committee. To them especially, and to all here named, as well as to others who have indirectly assisted, but whose names have not come to the writer's knowledge, is due whatever of success may have been attained. THE AUTHOR. CONTENTS. PAGE Preface v Author's Note vii PART I. Organization 1 Company Sketches 6 Col. Robert Wilson 40 Lieut. -Col. T. A. Barker 41 Major S. A. Duncan 43 Muster-in 44 On Guard 46 To the Seat op Was 55 PART II. Service 65 On Picket 70 Boxes from Home SI The Cook-House 100 Central Guard-House 112 "Cozzens" 125 Dress-Parade 130 Long Bridge 134 Army Discipline 140 part m. Louisiana Campaign 149 A Regiment Afloat 154 Letters from Home 107 The Right "Wing 173 The Left Wing 175 The Yankee in Blue . 177 x CONTENTS. PART IV. PAGE The Shenandoah ^2 Battle of the Opequan 204 Anotheb Account 225 Col. Alexandeb Gabdineb 230 Obituaries 233 Battle of Fisheb's Hill . . ¦ 246 An attempted Escape 252 Fobaging 258 Battle of Cedae Creek 273 Anotheb Account 293 Obituaries 296 Music in the Aemy 300 Col. C. D. Wright 314 PART V. Georgia Campaign 316 Majob F. L. Tolman 317 In Hospital 318 Refugee Camp 325 Foet Pulaski 327 The Volunteer Grumbler 335 Escorting Jeff Davis 341 The Negbo 345 PART VI. Home again 356 Afteb Twenty Yeabs 362 PART VII. Oeiginal Rosteb 379 Special Details 403 Pbomotions 407 Deaths by Disease 412 Killed ob Mobtally Wounded 4X7 Wounded 42j Captured -.. 495 Deaths since Discharge 42g Veteran Roll 43Q Comparison of New Hampshire Regiments 443 ILLUSTRATIONS. Lieut.-Gen. P. H. Sheridan Frontispiece Page Col. Robebt Wilson Facing 6 Lieut.-Col. T. A. Baekee "16 Gen. S. A. Duncan "26 Field and Staff "36 Company-A Officers "46 Company-D Officers "56 On the Potomac "66 Company-H Officers "76 Camp at Poolesvtlle "86 Company-G Officers "96 Lieut. -Col. Maeston and Others "106 Company Officers " 116 View of Harper's Ferry " 138 Mouth of the Shenandoah "148 Camp at Morganzia " 164 A Glimpse of the Shenandoah " 182 Lookout near Harper's Ferry " 188 Cedar Creek "194 Camp near Berryvtlle " 200 Ford of the Opequan " 206 Plan of Opequan Battle " 212 Col. Alexandee Gabdineb " 218 Lieut.. G. H. Stone "226 New-Hampshxbe Monument " 230 Officers killed at Opequan " 238 Plan of Fisher's-Hill Battle " 246 The Stone Bridge "250 zu ILL USTRA TIONS. PAGE Belle Gbove, Sheridan's Headquabtees .... Facing 272 Plan of Cedab-Cbeek Battle " 292 Col. C. D. Weight "314 Majob F. L. Tolxan " 344 In the Valley " 370 Fourteenth New Hampshire. ORG A NIZA TIO N. The first great impulse had spent its force. War was no longer a romance, and the novel excitements of a nation in arms had measurably subsided. It was a season for sober second thought. The startling change from the peace of a century to war as a general avocation had become so signal and complete that the people had settled down to conflict as to an employment. Through all the North, on every stream, the busiest industries of thriving communities were fed by the demands for the sustenance of a dreadful internecine struggle. Every illusion had been dissipated from the most sanguine mind; the alluring glamours of Southern campaigning had been torn away ; and war in its hardships, disease, and carnage was fearfully exemplified to all observers. In that war- weary summer of 1862 no spirit of adventure could have tempted one thoughtful man from his home among the Granite Hills. Superficial inducements were not powerful in the presence of a half-hearted military policy, and under the shadow of Southern battle-fields where triumphs were dubious, defeats crushing, and every engagement of doubtful value to the loyal cause. It required a good deal of courage and deter mination to enlist in the Union armies under the unprecedented calls by the government in 1862. The mere mercenaries, who were bought into a blue uniform, are not included in the above as any worthy characterization of our volunteers. The con- z FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. ditions varied from those of the first requisition. If some of the noblest were lost to each community when the initial and awful long roll was sounded which turned hamlets into camps, there was yet a compensation in the wholesome and extensive deliverance from the floating, worthless, and dangerous elements which naturally drifted at once into the army. Yet if there still remained a spot in the North infested by something of a picnic patriotism, an itching for novelty and greenbacks, a being constituted to enjoy a free frolic and turn an easy penny at the governments expense, there were avenues opened to brief and easy terms of service sufficient to accommodate the applicants. President Lincoln's call for three hundred thou sand three-years' troops was a severe drain upon the North ; and it came home to the best fighting element, the grand reserve force, of the country: and it is moderate to assert, that, when that call was satisfied, not another three hundred thou sand of equal quality could have been enlisted in America. The men who responded were not Bohemians, nor mere seekers for a better fortune. They were mostly fixtures in society, and in every relationship there was a sacrifice when they took the field. Under previous calls New Hampshire had sent out of her sons as worthy champions as any who enlisted in 1862, — men whose fighting and dying immortalized themselves, and secured to their Mother Commonwealth imperishable honor. But this distinction must be observed : they could, generally, go to their country's defence with less injury to dependent interests than was possible with the volunteers of 1862, who sacrificed so largely industrial and family interests when they filled the last and the widest gap. These volunteers had weighed the momentous question, balancing the duty to home and depend ent families against the claims of patriotism, for almost a year and a half. They had read the story of their country's need in the radiance of Fort Donelson, Nashville, New Orleans, and the puissant " cheese-box on a raft " in Hampton Roads. Gloomily had they pondered the difference between fireside and bivouac in the lurid, ominous glare reflected from the earthworks of A FALSE IMPUTATION. 6 Yorktown, the deathly intricacies of the Chickahominy, and the splendid disaster of Malvern Hill. Such men could never tread a path to disaster and death hedged in by those illusions which might deceive and ensnare an enthusiast. They were measurably familiarized with the realities of war, and many of them had already suffered for their country in personal and almost inconsolable bereavements. It was a frequent insinuation, tending to disparage our volun teers, that they enlisted for the sake of the bounty offered. It is probable that thousands of uniforms were filled by green backs ; but such a criticism aimed at the volunteers of 1862 was a false and needless imputation. There were bummers surely; bounty-jumpers taking another turn; discharged men from older regiments, whose disability vanished as by a miracle under the Midas touch of a big town-bounty, only to 'conven iently return when the regiment approached hard or dangerous service ; rheumatic and chronically disabled cheats, conscious of worthlessness, but also covetous of a bounty, — there were found such foul blemishes upon the sturdy battalions whose tramp, tramp, tramp, answered back to a beleaguered capital and to sore-pressed veterans, — " We are coming, Father Abraham, Three hundred thousand more." • The men who established the personnel of those regiments upon an exalted level, who made possible such an esprit du corps as first presaged and finally assured victory from Maryland to Texas, were not purchased candidates for maiming, imprison ment, and death. They were men who could not have been bought from wife, children, and the family home of generations for one hundred or one thousand dollars. And such men were the overwhelming majority of the three-years' volunteers of 1862. It is quite true that the large bounties offered finally induced them to risk the heroic and costly venture. The era of emo tional patriotism had faded into the past. Sentimental, Fourth- of-July oratory was impotent in reconciling the average citizen to hard-tack, Virginia mud, and Rebel bullets. The prevailing 4 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. argument was business-like and transparent : " We know what this thing means. We don't want to fight, but we can't see those rampant Rebels whip us and destroy the Union : we must see the government through this job of putting down the Rebel lion." There was an awful majesty in the cool devotion and deliberate uprising of the volunteers in 1862. And the gene rous bounties secured the best material in all the North. Men were ready to peril life for the Union ; but they would not, and ought not to, peril that which was dearer than life, more sacred than any or all government, — their families and homes. As soon as the proffered bounties were sufficient to secure home interests and guard against pecuniary calamity, then tens of thousands of doughty citizen-warriors felt and said, " Now we are ready : we cau go and feel easy for the home and the dear ones." It was eminently just for the government to give these men a lien upon the future prosperity of the people in order that their home as well as their country might abide intact. The high bounties paid in 1862 simply made it possible for the best fighting material in the loyal States to tender its invaluable ser vice to the government in its pressing need. When the enlistments for the Fourteenth Regiment were made, devotion to an undivided Union and an indorsement of the government's war policy were as unmistakable as in the era of the spring uprising of 1861, with this difference : that the loyalty of 1862 was more practical and less effervescent. There was a business-like deliberateness in volunteering which must have been impossible amid the excitements of the initial cam paign. Such a condition of things was favorable to the organi zation of strong and reliable battalions capable of the highest efficiency. Had the regiment been organized when the men were enlisted, it would have been numbered Ten rather than Fourteen : in fact, many were enlisted for the Ninth. The Fourteenth can not be denominated a Cheshire- county regiment; although the colonel, lieutenant-colonel, and four of the companies came from that county. The other companies were raised in the counties of Sullivan, Grafton, Coos, Carroll, Merrimack, and Hillsborough. COMPANY SKETCHES. 5 A single sentence must suffice in which to comment upon a subject whose discussion and resultant antagonisms affected the regiment throughout its history, and proved detrimental to harmony and the highest discipline during the first year of ser vice. In the organization of the regiment, there was an unfortu nate combination of uncongenial official elements. Happily the intelligence and devotion of the officers and men were more than sufficient to endure the strain ; so that what in many cases would have ended in demoralization, in the Fourteenth simply retarded the development of that splendid efficiency as a mili tary organization of which the regiment was indisputably capa ble. Considering the injustice in the matter of promotions, which was inflicted upon a large number of the finest officers in the regiment, this volume would be seriously incomplete with no allusion to what so largely controlled and crippled its life. Yet in the crucial hour of battle, when the regiment was to write its immortal or ignoble page in history, it rose in its might out of all disabilities ; and perpetuating that spirit, we consign all the unpleasant past to oblivion. In the arrangement of this volume, the following pages are assigned to sketches of the several companies. It was intended that each company should have the same amount of space ; and, so far as material has been furnished, this purpose has been realized. Each company is responsible for the space taken. The sketches are of local and company value, and they gather up and preserve many interesting circumstances and incidents which otherwise might be lost beyond recovery. The scope of these company sketches covers the history of the recruits up to the time when they were incorporated in the regimental organ ization, when the record of the regiment proper begins. In the preparation of these papers we are indebted to the following comrades : The sketches of A, D, H, and G, were written respectively by Capt. C. P. Hall, Capt. C. W. Hodgdon, Lieut. M. M. Holmes, and Capt. J. W. Sturtevant. That of Company 6 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. I was largely written by Sergt. G. H. Stowell, Sergt. R. Hun- toon furnishing valuable material for the remainder. Material for the other sketches was furnished as follows : for B by Sergt. G. A. Sherman ; C, by Col. C. D. Wright ; K, by Lieut.-Col. O. H. Marston and Lieut. O. C. Mason ; E, by Capt. William Cobleigh. COMPANY A. Of the one hundred men who composed the original company, seventy-two were recruited by Frank T. Barker, at Keene, Westmoreland, and Hinsdale; and twenty-eight by Charles P. Hall, at Westmoreland, Dublin, and Sullivan. All were enlisted between August 1 and September 1, thirty-seven in one day at Hinsdale. The following were the towns represented: viz., Hinsdale, forty; Westmoreland, twenty-two; Dublin, twelve; Marlborough, six; Keene, five; Sullivan, four; Surry, three; Fitzwilliam,Troy, and Swanzey, two each ; Chesterfield and Mar- low, one each. The average age of the men was twenty-three and a half years ; and there were in the company's ranks men who had been farmers, machinists, mill-operatives, students, and one each employed as teacher, express-messenger, mechanic, laborer, teamster, clerk. It seems that the authorities of Hinsdale had the impression that the quota of their town would be about forty, and called a meeting, at which it was voted to pay a bounty of two hundred dollars, and to raise eight thousand dollars for the purpose. Soon after it was learned that the quota was only about twenty. In the mean time the forty had enlisted. Now came the ques tions, " Who shall go ? " " Shall the whole bounty be paid ? " Some urged the filling of only the exact quota. Excitement ran high : the boys were just ready to mutiny if they could not all go together. A town-meeting was called, at which wiser counsels prevailed; and, by a large majority, it was voted to pay the full number that had enlisted. This satisfied the boys, and proved the best thing for the town in every way ; for the extra men were set down to the credit of the town in subsequent calls, when it was not so easy to get men. It shows at what a <**<_ t5>^~ A PRESENTATION. 7 fever pitch the patriotic impulse of the North was beating dur ing this summer of 1862. Arrangements having been made for tents and rations, the men went into camp September 2, near Westmoreland South Village. The next day the company was organized by the election of commissioned and appointment of non-commissioned officers, and the organization was ratified at Concord. The camp was afterwards named " Camp Jack." The company had regular drill each day under the direction of Col. T. A. Barker, and the camp was visited by numbers of citizens from the town and vicinity. There was enough of real army life about this soldier- camp to awaken an unusual interest in every thing that per tained to the war. The ladies gave the company a generous reception at the Town Hall a few evenings before the departure for Concord, where the dear women vied with each other in kindly attention to those whose names had gone down on the roll. The display of flowers, the heavily-laden tables, and the earnest words, told a story which the boys delighted to recount by their camp-fires. A beautiful flag was presented to the company, which floated over its every camp till the summer of '64. Miss E. J. Aldrich (now Mrs. Dr. Cutler of Swanzey) accom panied the gift with fitting words, to which Capt. Barker responded. Again, after the return in the summer of 1865, the ladies gave the men a " welcome home " at the same place. Miss Aldrich again spoke the words, which found an echo in many a heart gathered that day on the village green. Capt. Barker voiced the feelings of " the boys " as he told how they had been cheered in all their months of absence by kindly memories of the dear ones at home, and of the deep interest felt in them, shown in so many ways. But wounds in some hearts were re-opened, and other hearts beat in warm sympathy, as he told of those who came not back, — whose life went out along the banks of the Potomac, of the Mississippi, of the Shenandoah, — slowly in hos pital shelter, or quickly on the field of strife. In obedience to orders, the company broke camp on the 8 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. morning of September 20, and proceeded to Concord, where it joined other companies the same afternoon. The men marched four miles to the station at East Westmoreland, where cars had been left for them, and thence by rail, via Ayer Junction and Nashua, to the place of rendezvous. The line of that first march, in the early morning of a beautiful autumn day, was a continuous ovation. Such had never been seen before, and may never be seen again, in that quiet town. Men had gone out singly and in squads to preserve our old flag whole, but here was a full company marching out to the music of the Union to make a part of the "three hundred thousand more." From village, cottage, farmhouse, roadside, and depot plat form ; from gray-haired men and women, whose memories reached back almost to the war of Independence ; from fathers and mothers in vigor of life ; from trembling wives with little ones in their arms ; from maidens with cheeks paled by love for father, brother, or " one dearer than all other; " from admiring boys and girls, learning lessons in patriotism never learned be fore ; speaking out from trembling lips, moistened eyes, waving kerchiefs, and hearty hand-grips, — came the cheering " God bless you and keep you ! " which echoed on and on long after the rear end of the train had passed out of sight. With the arrival at Concord, and mustering in September 22, the separate history of Company A closes. COMPANY B. Two of the most flourishing towns on the Connecticut River furnished the larger part of this company, while two other adjacent communities assisted in completing the roll of mem bership. The men of Company B were somewhat conspicuous among their fellows in the battalion for their size, height, and fine appearance. The recruiting officers were, John G. John son and Artemas M. Adams of Walpole, Charles E. Holbrook and Henry E. Barrett of Charlestown, Henry Knight of Mar- low. There were enlisted for this company, in the town of Walpole, fifty-one men ; in the town of Charlestown, thirty-five ; Mario w furnished thirteen; Alstead bringing the number to PUBLIC ENTHUSIASM. 9 one hundred and one by the addition of its two, who were enlisted by Joel Bullard. Enlistments for this company began July 28, the last man being recruited September 13. Up to August 11, fifteen had enlisted ; the majority coming in within the next week or two. The towns in which this company was recruited were gener ous and enthusiastic in the public-spirited and patriotic efforts put forth to organize and send forth a body of men which should worthily represent the intelligence and virtue of those communities. Men and women vied with each other in their endeavors to send their sons, brothers, husbands, and fathers forth to battle, not only well equipped, physically and mate rially, but armed with that faith and courage which relies upon ready hands and true hearts among those who speed them on their dangerous way. A somewhat peculiar experience was the lot of a portion of the company. It was enlisted for the Ninth Regiment, and soon after enrolment was ordered to Concord, and went into camp there with the expectation of becoming incorporated into that organization. The good sense of some prominent men at home assured a different destiny. It was considered that obvious advantages would result from the formation of a full company in the towns above mentioned. The health and hap piness of the men would certainly be enhanced by the transfer of a community of interest and acquaintance from home locali ties to the theatre of active service. Prominent citizens pre pared a petition and presented it to the authorities at Concord. It accomplished its desired end : the men were permitted to return home, and they were at once embodied in that organiza tion which was afterward known as Company B of the Four teenth. The Walpole squad rendezvoused in the village of that town, and enjoyed picturesque camp-life in A tents on the common. This was an interesting feature in the early soldiering days of that portion of the company, both to the members and to the townspeople. The boys created a somewhat lively series of events in the place, but their presence was much enjoyed. The 10 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. writer understands that the Charlestown part of the company also rendezvoused in the latter place, and enjoyed the advantages of a good deal of a good time and considerable drilling. The company was drilled to some extent by Cadet Meade, and by Mr. J. G. Johnson and other members of the company. On the sixteenth day of September Company B left Walpole, and proceeded by the way of Hillsborough Bridge to Concord. It arrived there that afternoon, drew enough utensils to barely set up military housekeeping, and marched into camp, being the third company on the ground. The company at once proceeded to perform the necessary police-duty, and also gave assiduous attention to drill. The youngest man in the company was six teen, while the oldest was reported as forty-four. The average age of the company was twenty-five and a half years. The company held an election of officers, with the result which appears in the roster. On the 22d of September the company was mustered into the United-States service, being one of the first companies of the regiment to pass from State to National control. The roster of Company B, as finally com pleted, comprised three officers and ninety-eight men. Of these, two were afterward lost by desertion. This company, coming from the counties of Cheshire and Sullivan, was representative of, and an honor to, both. COMPANY D. When the call was made for three hundred thousand men to serve for three years or during the war, every town began to look about for men to fill its quota ; and good bounties were offered as an inducement, so that many a good man and true could see his way clear to enlist, leaving his family in comfortable cir cumstances. While some men, who doubted the ability of the country to meet so large a call, and fearing a draft, suddenly found themselves afflicted with some " chronic " ailment, which until then had been so carefully concealed that even their most intimate friends had never suspected it, the large majority nobly stepped forth, ready to vindicate their country's claims QUAKER LOYALTY. 11 under the guardianship of the national eagle, and ready (as Yankee Adams says) to wallop the pinfeathers out of any other bird that might lay claim to jurisdiction anywhere within our borders. The town of Weare (though manifestly a town of peace, being the home of many an honest Quaker, who delight not themselves in the turmoils of war) became aroused, and meet ings were called to take measures for filling its quota ; and, during the excitement that followed, it would have been ex ceedingly hard for a stranger to distinguish between the peace- loving Quaker and the carnal-minded man of war, except by the brim of his hat. It was deemed best for some townsman to open a recruiting-office. Mr. George Foster, one of the leading citizens, taking Dr. C. W. Hodgdon with him, called upon Dr. A. B. Story, a prominent man, asking him to assume the respon sibility of raising a company and taking command of it. The doctor said that it would be utterly impossible for him to do so, but would do all in his power to forward the good work, and requested Dr. Hodgdon to take the place. After consultation with influential men of the town, he concluded to do so ; and, assisted by their efforts, the quota was soon filled with a class of intelligent, able-bodied men. No opportunity was offered for company drill, as the time was limited and the men scat tered. A few men were recruited in the east part of the town by Mr. Stark Fellows. The majority of the men from Weare were desirous of joining the Eleventh Regiment under Col. Harriman if possible ; but the regiment was filled before arrangements could be made. They were consequently as signed to the Fourteenth. Combinations were made with squads from other towns. A second squad was from Seabrook, recruited by J. N. Brown ; some from Deering, by E. D. Had- ley ; others from Hampton, by Warren Dow ; a few from Man chester, by J. N. Bruce ; several from Kensington ; and a few from various parts of the State, secured by C. W. Hodgdon, to fill the company to the maximum (98). The company did not rendezvous at any place outside of the camp at Concord : consequently but little was learned of soldier- 12 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. ing previous to that time. The quota from Deering joined those from Weare at the depot, North Weare, on the morn ing of September 15, 1862, where a goodly number of relatives and friends had gathered to bid them " God-speed." Patriotic remarks were made by William H. Gove and others. Hands were shaken, good-bys were spoken, and the train sped on its way,— " As if it bore all peace within, Nor left one sorrowing heart behind. ' ' To many of the boys at that time, soldiering meant fun and a good time generally ; but to those mothers, wives, and sisters who remained behind, it meant tearful watching, lonely hours, and sleepless nights. At East Weare we were joined by Stark Fellows and his men. I am not familiar with the circumstances attending the recruiting in Seabrook, and give the facts as I gather them from the men. When the call was made, meetings were called, and good bounties offered. J. N. Brown opened a recruiting- office. The first man enlisting under this call was Francis Beckman, August 11, 1862. Recruiting progressed quite rapidly. Street-parades and other methods were adopted to arouse the patriotism and fill the quota ; but all discipline was at a discount, and but little effort was made to enforce it. It seemed to be the universal intent to have a good time while they could. I was present once when they met for parade. What uniforms they had were of the Zouave pattern. Some of the men were armed with muskets, although as soldiers they had not learned their use ; but, as marksmen, many of them could hardly be excelled. When, about ready to march, a coach arrived from Hampton with several men in charge of J. H. Perkins (afterwards ser geant), bearing a large placard, " Raw recruits for Seabrook." Owing to some misapprehension about the meaning of the card, a disturbance arose, the card was torn down, and the "raw recruits " did not join in the march. After a good deal of talk, in which every man had just as much right to speak as any other man, the men were formed in fine, headed by the Newton Band THE BOYS GET TIRED. 13 of about fourteen pieces, and the procession moved. It was a hot day, and the march was for about six miles over a dusty road; and such a march I have never witnessed, before or since. A little out of the village they passed the house of one of their jolly acquaintances, when several of the men threw their muskets over the fence, and went in : that ended their campaign for the day. And long afterward, while campaign ing on the Potomac, I asked John Locke (then a non-commis sioned officer) if he ever found the musket which he threw over the fence. He said he never thought to look for it, — would do so "when this cruel war' is over." The strains of martial music, mingled with the noise of the passing soldiery, aroused the enthusiasm of both man and beast. Two dogs, entering into the spirit of the occasion, commenced a fierce assault upon each other just around the corner, when the men broke ranks, and made a rush for the scene of combat, formed a " hollow square " around the combatants, determined to see fair play, according to the rules of the "prize-ring." The officer in command shouted himself hoarse, telling the men to keep their places, and not leave the ranks ; but, finding it of no avail, himself joined the crowd, and offered to bet two to one on the " brindle purp." The weary march finally came to an end, some of the men hardly able to reach the starting- point, owing to the excessive heat. Had the weather been cooler, some other cause might have been ascribed. On the 15th of September most of the men took passage in coaches for Exeter, thence by rail to camp in /Concord. At Manchester the two wings of the company met for the first time. The quotas from Seabrook, Hampton, and Kensington were in charge of Mr. J. N. Brown. Though strangers to each other, they soon became the best of friends. Arriving at Con cord the company formed and marched to Camp Cheshire, on the old fair-ground, where other regiments were already quar tered, and far advanced in the mysteries of 'soldiering. The company was assigned to barracks. In camp we were joined by Mr. J. N. Bruce of Manchester, with four men. The company was made up of all sizes, from 14 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Ira E. Brown on the right, six feet three inches, to P. C. White on the left, who was one-half inch below regulation height ; but he proved to be tough : and when occasionally the two happened to be detailed together for guard, or other duty, they looked like " David and Goliah gwine out for to fight." Nearly all occupations were represented in the company; the majority having led indoor lives, which were not supposed to have fitted them for the hard, rough exercise of a soldier on active duty. The very exercise and hardship which we feared would prove so destructive seemed to be just what was required to develop their health and muscle, and, instead of breaking them down, made them numerically the strongest company for duty; fewer of its men dying from natural causes than in any other com pany of the regiment. The usual trouble was experienced on first going into camp ; viz., that of trying to enforce discipline among men accustomed to have their own head : but by dealing with them kindly, yet firmly, they gradually became accustomed to it, and soon learned how easy it is to combine the soldier with the man. The first night in camp was one long to be remembered. All through the day some of the men had been holding little conference meetings (so to speak), and, as Artemus Ward said, "moistening their diaphragms from time to time." At last, when wearied of all other kinds of pastime, they gradually straggled into their barracks, looking like any thing but " our country's gallant defenders." When all were quietly and sweetly sleeping, one man, more thoughtful than the rest, pro cured a camp-kettle filled with water, and, armed with a tin dipper, came in, and shouted, "Water, water, anybody want water?" All had retired weary, many of them very dusty (in the throat). Nearly everybody was dry. " O Sam*! give me a drink," came from every quarter ; and one man said he " hadn't been so dry for thirteen years come Thursday." The same kind-hearted individual visited us about once an hour until morning. There were more parched tongues and throats to the square foot that night in the barracks of Company D than could ordinarily be found in a sabbath-day's journey. TEMPTING THE CAPTAIN. 15 One little incident occurred which served to show what strict watch it was necessary to keep on that class of cormorants who were living and growing fat while their country was struggling for existence. I mean those men who were supply ing recruits, and, after receiving their bounties, induced them to desert, and put them in again elsewhere. One of this class, who had supplied three men for Company D, approached the captain one day just at dark, and said, " Cap, if you will give K. a pass to the city to-night, and let him take his citizen's clothes with him, I will give you twenty-five dollars." The captain thought for a few moments, promised the required pass, and was paid twenty-five dollars. Thinking, as did Hosea Bigelow, " 'Taint a knowin' kind of cattle that is catched with mouldy corn," he immediately called Sergt. P., and said, "Sergeant, I want you to go to the city to-night : K. is going over ; keep a close watch on him, and, if you see any thing that excites your suspicion, take him by the collar, and persuade him to return with you to camp." About half-past ten K. came trudging into camp, bundle in hand, with Sergt. P. about ten feet behind. After the novelty of the first few days had passed away, the men adjusted themselves to the discipline of a soldier's life, and made very creditable progress in drill, particularly in the manual of arms, under the instruction of Warren Clarke, Esq., an efficient drill-master. The men grumbled a little when they were furnished with hatchets, grub-hoes, picks, etc., and sent out to clear the ground adjoining their barracks of bushes and stubs. The examination of the men by the regimental surgeons was not as strict as it might have been, but most of the men were strong and able-bodied. One man, who was mustered in at forty-four, two years after was mustered out at sixty-two : so fast do men grow old when in active service ! Although the designation of company officers was under stood to have been fixed during the recruiting of the men, soon after arriving in camp opposition to the proposed arrangement showed itself in certain quarters. Thinking it best to have the matter settled before further trouble grew out of it, C. W. 16 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Hodgdon formed the company in a square, and addressed them on the subject : Messrs. Fellows and Brown did the same. A vote was then taken, and C. W. Hodgdon was elected captain. One of the members of the Governor's Council, who was pres ent, decided, from the strong feeling shown by the men, that it would not be best to disregard that feeling, and commis sion any one else as captain. C. W. Hodgdon was commis sioned captain, Stark Fellows first lieutenant, and John N. Brown second lieutenant. The captain requested the lieuten ants to select such men from their own squads as they deemed best fitted for non-commissioned officers, each receiving its pro portion. The captain selected E. D. Hadley for orderly-ser geant, which was a wise appointment, as he proved to be one of the best orderly-sergeants in the regiment; being able, as soon as he became familiar with the company's names, to call the roll, make out all details for guard and other duties, entirely from memory, without reference to his written list, — quite a conven ience, especially when the roll had to be called before daylight. Most of the men selected for non-commissioned officers were well fitted for their positions, and did much to assist in keeping up the discipline and efficiency of the company. When the company was marched over to the city to draw their clothing from the government storehouse, then the trouble commenced. Some who had been accustomed, as was Joshua Whitcomb, to go down to the store and have their clothes cut for them, found it hard to be suited; and, after doing the best we could in mak ing selections, some of the fits were like Sairy Gamp, "kind o' promiscuous like." The company was mustered into the United-States service September 24, Company D being the fourth in rank. When the regiment left the State on the 18th of October, for the seat of war, many friends of the company from Weare came to Concord to bid them, for aught they knew, a last farewell, and watched with tearful eyes the vanishing train, offering up a silent prayer for their safe return. '-? TOWN ACTIVITY. 17 COMPANY I. This company was gathered from a widely extended area, comprising twenty-eight towns, mostly in Sullivan County ; although quite a number of the recruits were from the eastern and middle sections of the State. The following towns fur nished the members of Company I: Cornish, eighteen; New port, sixteen; Grantham, eleven; Claremont, ten; Washington, seven; Seabrook, six; Newbury, five; Bradford, Charlestown, Plainfield, each four; Croydon, Unity, each three; Acworth, New Market, each two; and Chichester, Dalton, Effingham, Goshen, Hanover, Holderness, Lancaster, Lempster, Langdon, Portsmouth, Piermont, Stewartstown, and Somersworth, one each. Six members of the company were not located. The following are the principal recruiting-officers, and the number of men they enlisted: Sylvanus Clogston, at Claremont and Washington, twenty-nine ; D. F. Pike, at Newport, seventeen ; Sylvester M. Bugbee, at Cornish Flat, nine ; W. H. H. Cowles, at Grantham, seven ; T. A. Ripley, at Portsmouth, seven ; Dudley J. Pillsbury, at Grantham, five ; Chester Pike, West Lebanon, five; Ransom Huntoon, Unity, four; William H. Chaffin, Claremont, three ; Mason W. Tappan, of Bradford, three ; Alexander Gardiner, at Claremont, two. The first men who enlisted in the company were N: L. Chandler, Simeon S. Dodge, and R. Huntoon, August 12, and F. S. Stowell, August 13. The balance of those who formed the original organization were mostly enlisted between August 20 and September 1. During this time the several towns were active in their efforts to encourage enlistments. About the middle of August the citizens of Grantham met in the town-hall : and, after several stirring and patriotic addresses, an appeal was made for enlist ments ; and a dozen men responded. This town paid two hun dred dollars bounty to each of its men who enlisted for the Fourteenth. The towns of Lempster, Washington, and Charles- 'town voted to pay a bounty of one hundred dollars to each volunteer. The little town of Unity was reported to be some what imbued with a non-aggressive spirit in regard to the strug- 18 FOURTEEXTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. gle, but it had enough loyal hearts in it to enable a small sum to be voted to recruits. A town-meeting was held in Newport on the evening of July 26, to take counsel in reference to the speedy enlistment of vol unteers. The hall was crowded. National airs were played by the Newport cornet-band, and a general feeling of enthusiasm prevailed. Paul C. Wheeler offered to give ten dollars each to the first twenty -five Newport men who should enlist, in addition to the town bounty. Several similar meetings were held during August and the early part of September. On the 9th of Sep tember, Hon. W. P. Wheeler of Keene addressed a large and enthusiastic audience in the Newport town-hall ; and, at the close of the meeting, Rev. P. S. Adams and several others enlisted. Cornish also paid liberal bounties to its volunteers, and mate rially aided their families. The citizens of Cornish Flat gave a supper and reception to Company I at the hotel, which was a very pleasant and enjoya ble affair, gratefully remembered by all who were present. The people of Claremont were among the first to respond to the call of President Lincoln for seventy-five thousand men, enlisting a full company. They also furnished large detachments for the Second and Third Regiments, nearly a full company for the fighting Fifth, and were largely represented in the Sixth and Seventh. Yet, when the President called for three hundred thousand more in the summer of 1862, the citizens of Clare mont, alive to the necessities of the hour, heartily responded to the new demands of the government. At its annual meeting in March, the town had voted to apply five thousand dollars to the families of volunteers. Early in July, E. W. Wooddil was appointed to recruit for regiments then forming ; and, soon after, Orville Smith of Lempster, and Sylvanus Clogston of Washing ton, opened recruiting-offices in the town. During the month of July a series of public meetings were held in the commodious town-hall, which increased in attend ance and enthusiasm. A county war-meeting was held in Claremont on the afternoon of August 2. The hall was draped with flags, and tastefully decorated with evergreen and flowers ; GUARDING REBEL PROPERTY. 19 and the Newport cornet-band furnished appropriate and excel lent music. Henry Hubbard of Charlestown was called to pre side : and addresses were made by Gov. A. S. Berry ; Congress man J. W. Patterson ; C. W. Nesmith, United-States senator from Oregon; Hon. A. H. Cragin; and P. Sanborn, State treasurer. Brief remarks were also made by H. B. Titus, major of the Ninth ; Capt. T. A. Barker of the Second, afterward lieutenant-colonel of the Fourteenth; and a few others. Capt. Barker told of his experience in the war, and some of the conclusions which he had reached in consequence. One was, " that he should never again detail men from Company A to guard Rebel property, — no, never! That style of standing guard over the property of enemies was played out." He doubt less had in mind the facility with which the " guard " appropri ated the goods which caused their owners anxiety, and effect ually relieved them of any further solicitude in that direction. August 7 the town of Claremont held a meeting, at which it was voted to pay a bounty of fifty dollars to each citizen vol unteer. August 21 William H. Chaffin, a graduate of the Norwich Military University, opened a recruiting-office in that place. Meetings were held by the citizens of Claremont on the evenings of August 18 and 19, at which it was voted that the town pay a bounty of a hundred dollars to each man enlisting after that date. Public meetings were held during the latter part of the month, at four o'clock in the afternoon ; at which hour the places of business were closed, and the citizens repaired en masse to the park, the place of meeting. Young and old formed themselves into companies, elected officers, and, as home- guards, drilled with the recruits. At a legal town-meeting, held September 17, it was voted to pay all who had enlisted since August 11 the sum of a hundred dollars each. The men recruited by Messrs. Clogston and Bugbee rendez voused at Claremont for about ten days previous to their de parture for the general camp in Concord. As an instance of promptitude in obeying orders may be mentioned the case of Freeman S. Stowell, who enlisted for the Eleventh Regiment, but, receiving orders at eleven A.M. to report at Claremont for 20 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. the Fourteenth, started on foot, and walked to Claremont that afternoon, a distance of twenty-four miles from the place of his enlistment. The squads recruited by Ransom Huntoon, W. H. H. Cowles, D. F. Pike, and D. C. Pillsbury, made a rendezvous of Newport for three weeks, where the men were well drilled by Capt. J. H. Cross. The drilling at Claremont was done by S. Clogston. In the beginning Company I had several members who were peculiarly interested in the company, and in its military excel lence. This interest was noticeable throughout its history, and has not abated, on the part of some certainly, since the muster- out. That interest was evidenced at the veteran re-union held in Newport. Company I was so well drilled at the rendezvous, that, when it first appeared on the parade in Concord, it at once attracted attention as being one of the best-disciplined companies in the battalion; and, in all subsequent battalion movements, Company I and its captain were always reliable as examples ; and that company was involved in fewer blunders, and more seldom required disentanglement, than -most others. The non-commissioned officers of I were very competent and reliable men ; and in this respect the company ranked well up with D, G, and other companies which were pre-eminent in their complement of subaltern officers. Concerning the election of company officers, there is room for the supposition that the ceremony of choosing the same was not perfectly satisfactory ; and by some members of the company it was considered that no election at all was held for captain and second lieutenant, while the choice of first lieutenant was " a farce." At any rate, the company, like good soldiers, quietly acquiesced in the organiza tion as finally perfected. The election referred to occurred after the arrival of the squads in Concord. The squads which rendezvoused at Claremont, and the re cruits of R. Huntoon from the Newport rendezvous, together with W. H. Chaffin and Alexander Gardiner, arrived at Concord on the 18th of September, and went into camp near the Thir teenth Regiment. During the week before being mustered, while CONFISCATING APPLES. 21 under the command of Capt. Clogston, the men were called out in the wee small hours to draw up the hardhacks and sweet ferns which generous nature had so liberally furnished as a shade for the lively flea, who inhabited the broad and sandy plain. These recruits were examined by the surgeon September 22, and mustered into the United-States service on the 24th. The remainder of the men from the Newport headquarters re ported September 22, being about the last squad on the ground. They were mustered into service on the 26th, and the company granted a furlough of five days. The arrival of the Newport boys in camp brought a supply of apples. ' It happened in this way. Just as they came upon the camp-ground, an old farmer was in camp peddling out some three or four bags of apples. A slight difficulty arose in regard to a transaction, and the farmer was inclined to be a lit tle mean about it. This the boys would not put up with, and began to hector and tease him. He soon got angry, and began swearing at them. Between them one of the bags got open, and the boys helped themselves as the apples rolled to the ground. At this point the farmer came to the conclusion that it was best to look for another market, and whipped up his horse to leave camp, meantime swearing roundly at the company. The result was, that the other bags of apples got open ; and the fast driving over the rough ground made it lively for the boys to pick up the fruit left behind in the retreat. As he drove off the ground, not a few of the apples could be seen flying through the air toward him and his poor beast. W. H. Chaffin, afterward captain of the company, drilled it in Camp Cheshire, and was really in command of the company until the commissions were issued, January 1, 1863, when he was mustered as captain. A singular exception appears to have been made in the time of commissioning the officers of this com pany. Some of the members of Company I originally enlisted for the Twelfth and Thirteenth Regiments. The ages of the men were, youngest, sixteen, oldest, sixty-five, with the average below thirty. Most of the members of this company were men with families, and well off pecuniarily. They were representa- 22 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. tive of the best citizenship of the section which sent them forth, and they enlisted in a glow of patriotic devotion which never grew cold until the great work was done. The material fur nished by Company I to the Fourteenth possessed the elements of bravery and endurance to an eminent degree. COMPANY C. Company C may be emphatically called a Cheshire-county company, nearly all parts of the county being represented in its ranks; although the greater number came from Keene and Swanzey, in the central part. The occupations of the men were more varied in number than the towns from which they were drawn. They were mostly young married men, leaving families behind them ; and at least two members of the company, Messrs. Combs and Mattoon, had their sons with them, all of whom served to the end of the war, and were mustered out. They were a tough, hardy set of men, well qualified to endure hard ship and fatigue, and calculated to render good service where- ever and whenever called upon. While they were jolly good fellows, always ready for a frolic, or any enterprise that prom ised a little sport, they were always prompt to obey the call of duty, and never failed to respond to any demand for service, however arduous or dangerous it might be, — danger, indeed, seeming to add a spice and relish to whatever they undertook. Enlistments began early in August, at Keene, under ¦ Capt. Combs, who recruited a large number. The towns represented, and the number of men from each, were as follows : Keene, twenty-eight ; Swanzey, twenty-two ; Marlborough, ten ; Fitz- william, ten ; Troy, six ; Gilsum, three ; Roxbury, Richmond, Westmoreland, Winchester, two each ; Hopkinton and Walpole, one each. Unlike some others in the regiment, this company was enlisted wholly for the Fourteenth ; and there was none of the doubt and indecision in regard to its destination which excited the anxieties of some in other companies. The company rendezvoused in Keene, though not in camp there, and was well drilled under Ira Berry, jun., who was a competent drill-master ; READY FOR A LARK. 23 and under his training the men presented a creditable appear ance. Company C was exceedingly fortunate in its drill-masters. Capt. Combs, who also drilled the men, was an efficient officer, and a man of some military experience, having been an officer in a former New Hampshire regiment. When the Fourteenth en tered the service, he probably understood tactics as well as any officer who went out at that time. The company remained in Keene until it went into camp at Concord, September 17. The next day the following officers were elected : Captain, Amos D. Combs ; and first lieutenant, Ira Berry, jun. ; September 19 the second lieutenant was elected ; Carroll D. Wright, afterwards colonel of the Fourteenth, being chosen for this office. The officers of this company were of exceptional ability, making good records for themselves, and reflecting credit on the State that sent them forth to battle for the Union. This company was one of the first companies on the grounds at Concord, and, immediately after its arrival, entered upon a course of training in camp which went far towards fitting the men for the active and varied labors in which they were soon to engage. They were mustered into the United- States service September 22. This company was the life of the regiment. Its men were always ready for a frolic, their overflowing spirits not only keeping their own hearts light and cheerful, but bringing smiles to the serious countenances of some of their more sedate com rades, and driving away many a fit of the blues. Whatever promising scheme was on foot, Company C managed to obtain its full share, and was reckless of danger in its pursuit of what ever was uppermost at the time. The men had many amusing experiences and some narrow escapes, the recollections of which are dear to the hearts of the veterans; but, with all their love of adventure, they were good soldiers, and did faithful service. They were equal to any for endurance of hardship and fatigue, and the company contained some of the best fighting material in the regiment. The company took the palm for odd and famous characters. 24 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. If there were any tricks of foraging which some of its members did not understand, it is certain that such tricks were never resorted to in the army. The men early showed an ability and a disposition to take care of themselves. If any innocent (?) lark was on the tapis, there were members of this company who never brought up the rear of the procession. A feeling of comrade ship was noticeable in Company C, and no men in the regiment were readier to assist a needy comrade than the members of this company. There were several nicknames in the company, which became so familiar throughout the regiment that it can never be thought of without recalling them to mind ; " Old Actually " being one of the characters referred to. It is suffi cient to say that Company C was always "liable for duty." COMPANY P. The three-years' enlistments in the town of Winchester formed the nucleus of Company F. The volunteers from that town under previous calls had been scattered through nearly all the regiments which the State had sent to the front, and that community had no representative organization in the Union armies. The quota of Winchester was so large in 1862, that a successful endeavor was made to organize a company ; and this movement gave an added impulse to recruiting. Public meet ings were held; the town voted a generous bounty; and a de gree of enthusiasm was awakened which brought a large number of hesitating ones to a final decision, and secured the best possi ble material for service in the field. The enormous drain necessary to fill the call for six hundred thousand men was felt in Winchester and adjoining towns, and commensurate efforts were put forth to fill the quota. It is simple justice to state, that the towns furnishing the men for Company F contained no better fighting material than they contributed in these enlistments, — the men who were enrolled in August, 1862. A few poor sticks crept in, tempted by the bounty; but most of the volunteers honored the community in which they were born, and which sent them forth in that most RECRUITING IN WINCHESTER. 25 invulnerable armor of the soldier, — a self-respecting, loyal man hood. They went, too, sustained by the sincere sympathy and undivided patriotic sentiment of their constituencies. This company had a curious geographical constitution. The reasons therefor must be sought in the official exigencies of those ambitious aspirants who found it necessary to effect such combinations of squads as would prove effectual in securing the coveted commissions. Extremes met in Company F, — the ex treme ends of the State ; the Massachusetts and Canada lines uniting in the sixth company of the Fourteenth. In Cheshire County the towns of Winchester, Chesterfield, and Richmond furnished respectively thirty-five, fifteen, and six, men, with four from Swanzey, and the same number from Keene. In Coos County the following towns furnished the complement of the company: Milan, five ; Northumberland, three ; Stark, one; Lan caster, one ; with one each from several other towns. In Win chester the principal enlisting-officer was Dr. George W. Pierce, afterward surgeon of the First N. H. Cavalry, and who took so much interest in the company, that there was a strong desire for his acceptance of the captaincy; but circumstances prevented. Dr. Pierce enlisted thirty-five men from Winchester and the members of the company from Swanzey, while the Keene re cruits were enlisted in that town and turned over. The Coos members were recruited by Capt. Browne. The first recruiting in Winchester was on August 13, it hav ing been announced previously that a company was to be raised in Winchester and vicinity. An effort was made to induce one of the old militia officers to raise and lead a company ; but, while the project fell through, there was a good deal of old-fashioned bass-drumming, parading in single-file formation, and training on every open lot about the village. A kind of martial enthusi asm was thereby sustained, which served as a diversion from the grimmer realities of soldiering. On the afternoon of August 13 a spirited town-meeting was held ; and, in addition to the large town-bounty then voted, the earnest, patriotic speeches of several citizens — among them being those of Hon. Ira W. Russell, Rev. Mr. Perkins, and T. A. Ripley — gave a sudden 26 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. and powerful impulse to enlistments. The scene in the old town-hall, when man after man jumped upon the benches and signified his readiness to be one of the town's quota, was one of the most thrilling ever witnessed in that community. Scarcely a recruit in the town enlisted under the nine-months' call, nearly all volunteering under the recent call for three hun dred thousand three-years' men. At that time it was the prevailing opinion that a three-years' man would be home again within nine months ; but it was the general feeling, that to wind up the Rebellion was the duty of all who went into the army, even if three years were required for the consummation. Winchester and Richmond first united their quotas for the formation of the company, and the next move was an endeavor to bring Hinsdale into the arrangement. In furtherance of the negotiations, the Winchester and Hinsdale contingents met at Ashuelot Saturday, August 23, and frater nized in a season of marked conviviality ; speeches being made by Messrs. W. A. Fosgate and T. A. Ripley. On Thursday, August 28, the delegations met, and agreed on a basis of organization. Hinsdale was to have the captain, first, second, fourth, and fifth sergeants, and four corporals. Winchester took the two lieu tenants, one sergeant, and four corporals. On some inexplicable and baseless pretext the election at Winchester was called for Sunday, August 31, with the follow ing result : T. A. Ripley, first lieutenant ; Stephen Phelps, second lieutenant ; Henry F. Pratt, third sergeant ; L. Warren Wright, George Norwood, J. F. Hunt, and A. B. Colburn, corporals. The terms of agreement between the squads and the result of the election at Winchester were not really satisfactory to any of the parties in interest ; Richmond particularly demurring to the small recognition which her quota had received in the dis tribution of the offices. Monday, September 1, it was announced that Hinsdale had receded from the union. Saturday, Septem ber 6, fifteen of the Chesterfield recruits joined the Winchester boys, raising the number secured to seventy. A company being thus assured, orders were received to fill the proposed organiza tion to the maximum. The Richmond and Chesterfield recruits UilCCU^ THE WOMEN OF WINCHESTER. 27 were representative of the best fighting element in the two towns. September 11 Surgeon W. H. Thayer examined fifty- three men in the town-hall, four of whom were rejected. The nascent military experience of the company in Winchester was agreeable, the leading spirits managing to flavor those civilian-soldier days with all needed episodic spice. The situa tion was a novel one to both the enlisted men and the people of the town. The former were not inclined to anticipate future dangers by present forebodings. With many of them the ordi nary duties of home-life were continued until regular drilling was begun. About August 20 the men rendezvoused at Win chester for drill, a small hall over the post-office being utilized as headquarters ; while the town-hall was a general resort for drill, athletic exercises, amusements, etc., which occupied the leisure and the busy hours. So far as the company was drilled at all, it was well drilled by W. A. Fosgate and T. A. Ripley ; the former having had some military training, which gave him an advantage over the others. The company was occasionally exercised in what were then considered long marches, and in sharp dashes at double-quick. The amenities of initiatory soldiering were enjoj^ed by Com pany F. The ladies of Winchester were assiduous and appre ciative in their attentions, and in various ways manifested their tender interest in those whom they were prayerfully sending forth to battle and death. On Saturday, August 16, the ladies gave an elegant reception and dinner in Beacon-Light Hall. Prominent citizens of the town were present, the soldiers occu pying the post of honor. The occasion was a memorable one in the history of the company. Appropriate music was rendered ; and speeches were made by Messrs. W. A. Fosgate, Marshall Kingman, A. L. Jewell, and S. W. Buffum. The most impres sive feature of that day's programme was the gift of a copy of the New Testament to each of the volunteers. The presenta tion was made by Miss Emily Wheaton, who, for culture of mind, fineness of spirit, and beauty of character, was one of the noblest women Winchester ever produced. Well did she repre sent, in that short speech, full of tenderness, patriotism, and 28 _ FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. piety, the royal power of American womanhood in the desperate struggle for national unity. Her requiem hymn on the death of President Lincoln was among the excellent ones which that sad occasion inspired. Those who hoped for commissions extended unfailing " cour tesies " at the headquarters heretofore mentioned, and the extent of their liberality was the measure of their genius as prospective officers in the minds of a portion of the men. By invitation, Wednesday, August 27, the Winchester boys marched to Richmond : but, with a prudence hardly practicable in the Valley, they ordered omnibuses to follow ; and the foot sore heroes rode home. In the beautiful grove back of the schoolhouse at the Four Corners, tables were spread and bountifully loaded, — not with soldier's fare, — and the sylvan repast was heartily enjoyed. Speeches were made by Dr. S. P. French, of the citizens, and by Mr. A. B. Colburn for the com pany. While the men rendezvoused in Winchester, meals — hardly rations — were taken at the house of Ira Gustine, on Parker Street. The fine tables there spread are not yet for gotten. About the middle of September the men grew restless and impatient for something more real and important than the mock soldiering indulged in for a month. They were soon gratified. The first supposition was, that the company might become a portion of the Ninth Regiment ; but days changed to weeks, and still no demand for the Cheshire-county men. Definite infor mation coming, that the company would go into either the Thirteenth or Fourteenth, orders were received to repair to Concord ; and, on the morning of September 17, L. F. Buffum took the company, in omnibuses, to Fitzwilliam, where it embarked on the train for the State capital. Concord was reached at 3.30 p.m. ; the line of march was to the State House, thence to the quartermaster's department, where a blanket, plate, cup, and spoon were issued to each man ; and the march was resumed to the new barracks in camp. In order to secure the maximum number of men, an arrangement was made with a squad of recruits from Coos County, previously referred to, EXTREMES MEET. 29 and originally intended for Company E, but held by the re cruiting-officer for the most advantageous offer. The terms of the transfer to Company F were not approved by the best men of the squad. September 21 the company was examined by the regimental surgeon. The next day the election of officers was held, a captain and first lieutenant being chosen. The second lieuten ant was never chosen by the company, although the one finally commissioned stood second in the ballot for captain. The com pany was mustered into the United-States service September 23. October 3 the appointments of non-commissioned officers were announced by the captain. In more senses than already enumerated, extremes met in this company. The tallest man, H. H. Howe, stood six feet two : while the shortest. F. F. Britton, was less than five feet. The oldest member, Jesse Wilson, was sixty-three, and the youngest, W. A. Morey, but sixteen. Considering the com pany at its average and in its subsequent service, endurance, fighting, and deaths on the battle-field, it was the equal of any in the regiment in most respects, and would have been in all, had it stood on equal vantage ground with the crack companies of the battalion. COMPANY H. In the early part of August, 1S62. William E. Bunten of Dunbarton, a graduate of Dartmouth College, opened a recruit ing-office at Concord, with the intention of organizing a com pany for one of the regiments then forming under the call for three hundred thousand men. He held a series of war-meetings in Bow, Hopkinton, Canterbury, Meriden, Goshen, and other places, a part of the time accompanied by Albert H. Sawyer of Weare, who was also endeavoring to form a company. Some time prior to this, Walter H. Sargent of Webster, who had been captain of the Boscawen Rifle Rangers, commenced to recruit for the Ninth Regiment ; but, in consequence of some misunderstanding with the town authorities, he cancelled these enlistments, and on the Sth of August commenced to recruit 30 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. again, enlisting on that day the first member of Company H. Joseph C. Munsey of Chichester, and J. Clark of Plymouth, were also recruiting about the same time. When the news arrived of the disaster on the Peninsula, George F. Blanchard of Hopkinton, and Marcus M. Holmes of Dunbarton, then attending school at New London, decided to enlist, and for that purpose started for Concord on foot. They walked to Hopkinton, a distance of nearly twenty miles. Here Blanchard, yielding to the entreaties of relatives, concluded to delay his enlistment ; but Holmes went on to Concord the next day. He called on Adjutant-Gen. Colby, who advised him to re turn to New London and remain until graduation, which would take place in two or three weeks, at the same time appointing him recruiting-officer. Blanchard afterwards enlisted, and became a member of the company, returning from the war as captain of Company A. The quota of New Hampshire was nearly full when the first enlistment was made ; and when the last of the three-years' men, about the 1st of September, were ordered into camp to form the Fourteenth Regiment, it was found that no one of the above-mentioned recruiting-officers had enlisted enough to form a company. So, mainly through the efforts of Bunten, a combination was effected, including also a detachment of Pembroke men, under Snell, leaving the question of officers to be decided afterwards. Under this arrangement the company was the third to go into camp, but, in consequence of the delajr in selecting officers, was the eighth to be mustered. The number enlisted by each was as follows : — William E. Bunten, seventeen ; Albert H. Sawyer, fourteen ; Walter H. Sargent, twelve ; Marcus M. Holmes, ten ; Joseph C. Munsey, twelve; J. Clark, fourteen; C. B. Haines, one; B. E. Badger, one ; B. T. Pierce, two (deserted same day). Total, eighty -three. Bunten, Sawyer, Sargent, and Snell were all candidates for the captaincy ; but as there could be but one captain, and three officers in all, no agreement could be made : till finally, ELECTING OFFICERS. 31 at the suggestion and in the presence of Lieut.-Col. Barker, an election was held about the 22d of September, resulting in Bun ten for captain, Sawyer for first lieutenant, and Sargent second lieutenant. Dissatisfied at this, Snell withdrew, and joined Company K. Twenty towns were represented in the company, the number from each being as follows : — Chichester, fourteen ; Dunbarton, eight ; Concord, seven ; Bow, five ; Warren, three ; Pembroke, two ; Walpole, two ; Francestown, one ; Weare, one ; Canterbury, one ; Webster, thirteen ; Hopkinton, eight ; Plymouth, five ; Campton, four ; Goshen, three ; Sunapee, two ; Hooksett, one ; Waterville, one ; Groton, one ; Unity, one. They were mostly farmers and farmers' sons, with a few mechanics and students. Their ages were as follows : Eighteen years and under, eighteen; nineteen and twenty, nine; twenty- one to thirty, thirty-three ; thirty-one to forty, fourteen ; forty and over, nine. Total, eighty-three. The youngest member of the company was David S. Corser of Webster, who was born August 6, 1847. Alonzo P. Saltmarsh of Bow was only a few months older. Both served through the war, and returned as corporals. The youngest non-com missioned officers were Marcus M. Holmes and Arthur F. Good rich, each being eighteen. Goodrich died in 1863, and Holmes returned as first lieutenant. The oldest were Sanborn, Brad bury, Frazier, and Moulton, each having attained the age of forty-four; and all returned. There were twelve pairs of brothers. Of these only four pairs were permitted to return unbroken. Moulton afterwards had a son join the company as a recruit. While in camp at Concord, the company was drilled for a time by Warren Clark, and performed a good deal of fatigue and guard duty. COMPANY K. The call for troops in 1862 reached the ears of men living in the beautiful region between the White Mountains and Lake Winnipiseogee, and a response was made by an effort to raise a 32 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. company in the town of Sandwich. The first enlistment was made July 30 ; and patriotic pride, enthusiasm, and the energy of the recruiting-officers, O. H. Marston and W. M. Weed, car ried the work steadily on until the roll numbered eighty-six names, including one from Moultonborough. A public meeting was held, at which the town voted to give a bounty of one hun dred dollars to each enlisted man ; and a large number of enlist ments were obtained. The formation of the company called out the enthusiasm of the townspeople, and awakened new zeal for the common cause. Much interest and pride were felt in raising a band of men which should fittingly represent the com munity which sent it forth. The company did not muster in any camp previous to its arrival in Concord, but the men did not waste time in needless delay; and, in two weeks from the first enlistment, they were ready for work. After the 14th of August they met two or three times a week, and were drilled by O. H. Marston and M. S. Webster ; the latter having the benefit of previous military experience, as a sergeant in the Sixth Mass. Militia for some years. The company was drilled faithfully and efficiently until its departure for Concord. When the first enlistments were made, it was supposed that the company would be assigned to the Twelfth ; but, as that regi ment filled up sooner than was expected, the Fourteenth became its destiny. Early in September a meeting was held, which resulted in the election of the following officers : Calvin Hoyt, captain; O. H. Marston, first lieutenant; Moulton S. Web ster, second lieutenant. This election took place with the expectation of filling out the company in Concord by single recruits, and by so doing avoid a necessity of change in officers ; but upon arriving in Concord, September 19, it was found im practicable. The examining surgeon rejected seventeen men, which so diminished their numbers as to necessitate a much larger addition than had been anticipated. In the mean while, Jason D. Snell, who had been but a short time discharged from the regular army, had raised twenty-three men in Pembroke, given them thorough and successful drill, A HAPPY ADJUSTMENT. 33 and arrived with them in Concord. He now offered to unite his force with that from Sandwich upon condition that he should have the first lieutenancy, and one of his men, J. M. Prentiss, the position of a sergeant. After a few days of con sultation, his offer was accepted ; and his squad of men united with those of Sandwich, making in all ninety recruits. The important question now arose as to which of the previously elected officers should give place to Mr. Snell. This was a diffi cult and delicate matter to adjust with mutual satisfaction, but it was happily accomplished ; and a petition, addressed to the Governor and Council, was signed by eighty-one out of the ninety enrolled in the company, asking that 0. H. Marston be commissioned captain, Jason D. Snell first lieutenant, and Moulton S. Webster second lieutenant. This petition was granted, and commissions issued accordingly. It was the last company of the Fourteenth which went into camp at Concord. After drawing clothing, the men were granted a furlough of three days. Company K boasted two men that were six feet four inches in height, — Benjamin Estes of Sandwich, and Herman Blood of Pembroke. Its shortest member, John Atwood of Sandwich, was five feet five. Though the ages of its men ranged from seventeen to forty, it was more uniform in this respect than many other companies, a large majority in its ranks being under twenty-five. This uniformity was not confined to age, but extended to occupation also. It might well have been said of them, as of those earlier heroes who fought so bravely at Con cord in the nation's first great struggle for freedom, — "There the embattled farmers stood." With the exception of a few mechanics, Company K was composed of those who follow the plough. Situated in the very heart of the Commonwealth, the peaceful farming community which sent forth these sturdy young men to the aid of their country was well fitted to produce those capable of bearing the privation, fatigue, and danger of soldier-life. Such men, born and bred on the farms of New England, and inured to toil which 34 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. calls forth and develops powers of strength and endurance, were of great value in the Rebellion, and carried with them to the front a fixedness of purpose as unchangeable and resistless as their own granite rocks. The men of Company K, sober, steady, little given to boisterousness and insubordination, were not wanting in the more conspicuous traits of unflinching bravery, and loyal devotion to country. COMPANY E. Of all the industries represented in the Fourteenth, the lum bering interest was as conspicuous as any, aside from the agri cultural. The men from Coos County in this regiment were largely engaged in the different branches of lumbering through out the northern section of New Hampshire, and most of them constituted Company E. No company in the Fourteenth could boast of such magnificent physiques as those of Company E. It contained a larger proportion of tall men than any other company, and had fewer short men. Many of its members were of massive proportions, and would have delighted the king of Prussia. From the above facts it was anticipated, when the regiment was organized, that the men of Company E would en tirely surpass those from other sections in their powers of physi cal endurance. The members of Company E were enlisted from the towns of Lancaster, Dummer, Northumberland, Stark, Milan, Gorham, Berlin, Stratford, Dalton, and Whitefield. The recruiting was done as follows: Dyke Sessions enlisted thirty men at Dummer ; William Cobleigh, twenty men at Northum berland; Edmund Brown, fifty men at Lancaster; John A. Harriman, seventeen men at Dalton. Probably the first enlist ment in the Fourteenth Regiment was made in Company E, the first recruit being enrolled about July 4. Two members of the company enlisted for the Thirteenth Regiment, but concluded to wait and go with others from that section in the Fourteepth. The company rendezvous was at Lancaster, where the men were drilled by Sergt. F. M. Rhodes, previously of the Second N. H., and who was afterward chosen captain. At Lancaster, FIRST IN CAMP. 35 August 31, the members of the company held an election of officers, with the result which appears in the roster. Accord ing to the information furnished, Company E was the first of the companies of the Fourteenth to go into camp at Concord, preceding most of the others by two weeks, arriving there September 2. The company was mustered into the United- States service, September 23. COMPANY G. Company G was formed by the union of four squads of re cruits, enlisted by nine different recruiting-officers, chiefly in the towns of4 Jaffrey, Keene, Dublin, and Stoddard. All of the ninety-four men composing the original company were residents of Cheshire County. C. Fred. Webster brought forty-eight men, thirty-six of whom he enlisted at Jaffrey, and twelve who were enlisted at Dublin by Henry C. Piper. Solon A. Carter recruited twenty-eight men at Keene; and Rev. Samuel L. Gerould brought twelve from Stoddard (one of whom was rejected by the surgeon), ten of whom he recruited, and two being enlistments of Silas Dinsmore. Three of the remaining seven were enlisted by Frank T. Barker of Westmoreland, two by Joel Bullard of Alstead, and one each by Artemas M. Adams of Walpole, and George R. Dinsmoor of Keene. Of the ninety-seven officers and men, thirty-six were residents of Jaffrey, thirty of Keene, thirteen of Dublin, eleven of Stod dard, two of Alstead, and one each from Rindge, Winchester, Surry, Westmoreland, and Nelson. A number of men enlisted by C. Fred. Webster were turned over to an officer of the Tenth Regiment: the remainder of the company was recruited for the Fourteenth. Twenty-one recruits afterward joined the com pany, six of whom were drafted men or substitutes : four of the six deserted the evening of the day of their arrival in camp, and the other two in less than four months. No volunteer in the company ever deserted. Of the volunteer recruits, eleven were from Keene, two from Winchester, and one each from Peterborough and Jaffrey. 36 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Omitting the six substitutes, all of whom were deserters, one hundred and twelve men may be properly considered as the actual membership of Company G. Forty-six of this number were twenty-one years of age or under at their enlistment, and seventeen were over thirty-five years: the average age of the company at enlistment was twenty-six years and six months. The first enlistments of the original company were made August 9, 1862 ; and all the company but two were enlisted between that date and August 31, 1862: one was recruited September 4, 1862, and one September 23, 1862. The occupations of the men, previous to enlistment, were reported in their enlistment papers as follows : farmers, forty- three; mechanics, sixteen; laborers, nine; butchers,, five; clerks, four; painters, three; two each of merchants, shoemakers, and coopers; and one each of the following: gas-superintendent, clergyman, lawyer, student, cigar-maker, dyer, brickmaker, pail- turner, baker, confectioner, and brakeman. The squad of recruits enlisted at Jaffrey began their drilling about the 15th of August at East Jaffrey, and continued during the month. On the 9th of September they were joined by the squad from Dublin, and went into camp in tents on the com mon at East Jaffrey ; C. Fred. Webster, F. L. Tolman, after wards major, and Col. James L. Bolster, acting as drill-mas ters. A drummer and fifer, who had rendered noted service in the days of the old militia, furnished the music ; and the facing and dressing, marching and countermarching, which were daily gone through with, are said to have been entertaining to the spectators, instructive to the recruits, and astonishing to the children. On the 11th of September the united squads came to Keene in teams, having been ordered into camp at that place by the adjutant-general of the State. Bringing their tents with them, they immediately went into camp oh the "Elliot lot," near the Fair Ground, where they remained until their departure for Concord. The Keene squad marched up to their camp a few times; and the two squads were drilled there together, by James H. Elliot and others. The Keene squad was also drilled Surg. W. H.Thayee. Asst. Surg. M. Perkins. Asst. Surg. F. C. Weeks. Adjt. L. W Wright. Q. M., Wm. A. Heard. Chaplain E. T. Rowe. Staff Officers. LEAVING HOME. 37 once or twice in the facings and step in Gymnasium Hall, by Col. William Dinsmoor. The time was so short between the enlistment of most of the Keene men and their departure for Concord, that they can hardly be said to have had any drill. At one o'clock in the afternoon of September 18, 1862, the two squads, numbering about eighty-five men, started from Cen tral Square in single, double, and four horse teams for Con cord, via Hillsborough Bridge. A large concourse of relatives, friends, and citizens had gathered to witness their departure ; whose kind words and good wishes relieved in a measure the sadness of what was, to many, their first parting from home and friends. Hillsborough Bridge was reached at six o'clock P.M. ; the men being quartered at Greenleaf's Hotel, sleeping in the hall. The evening was devoted to singing and story-telling, and the height of all the men was taken. The Stoddard squad of twelve had arrived a few hours before, and occupied tents that night, pitched in a field near the hotel. This squad was recruited chiefly by Rev. Samuel L. Gerould, who first enlisted himself, and then said " Come." On the 18th of September they assembled at the village hotel, where teams were in waiting to carry them to Hillsborough Bridge. There were also gathered the wives, fathers, mothers, children, and friends of the enlisted men. It was no common sight, even in those days, for a clergyman to leave his pulpit and enter the ranks. After the men were loaded into the teams, Mr. Gerould made a few remarks, saying they were going forth at the call of duty, not knowing who would return, and inviting the audience of two hundred or more to join him in prayer for those who were going out and for those left behind. There were few dry eyes in the assembly as the teams moved away. On the morning of the 19th the company formed in front of the hotel at eight o'clock, and marched to the depot ; the streets being lined with citizens"*)f the town, who exhibited their good wishes by presenting many beautiful bouquets. The train left the depot amid the cheers of those assembled, arriving at Con cord at 10.30 A.M. From the depot the company marched to the State-House yard, when a short rest was taken, and from 38 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. there to the quartermaster's storehouse, where there were issued to each man a woollen blanket, knife, fork, spoon, tin cup, and plate. The company then marched to the camp-ground, arriv ing there about half-past eleven, and were assigned quarters in barracks No. 9. For the first two days in camp the men were most of the time on their knees, cutting brush and stubble about their barracks and company street. The captain having made a detail of a sergeant and four men to demolish a board fence near the camp of the Thirteenth Regiment to procure boards to build a cook-house, they started with axes to do their work, which was soon completed. As they were about to gather up their plunder, a guard of the Thirteenth appeared, arrested the party, and took them to the tent of Col. Stevens, who had ordered the arrest. " Well, boys, you've got under arrest pretty early in your military career, haven't you?" After an explanation had been made, they were permitted to depart with their lumber, but told not to come again. The amount of baggage that most men brought to Concord, which in their innocence and ignorance they supposed was somehow to be transported for them during their term of ser vice, was something alarming. One man, who had followed the sea, brought his sailor's chest, and was often jokingly asked, what kind of a knapsack he was going to have to carry it in. He had always carried it at sea, and had an abiding faith that some way would be provided in the army. On Monday, the 22d of September, the company were exam ined by Surgeon Thayer, one man only being rejected. The same afternoon all who could not show a good scar were vac cinated. Few who underwent the operation have ever had any difficulty since in convincing those who cared to examine, that they had been vaccinated ; and if "the larger the scar the less liable to contract the disease " is a s&fe medical maxim, there was some consolation for the poor fellows who carried a sore arm for months in the thought that they had absolute immunity from small-pox. On the 23d the company was mustered into the United-States AN IMPASSIONED SPEECH. 39 service; and the next day the men drew a part of their uniform, and were granted a furlough of one week. Five men of each company remained in camp to look after affairs in the absence of the regiment. The only incident of the week was the rumor that the Twelfth Regiment — who would not be comforted because they could not have Tom Whipple for their colonel — were coming over to burn our barracks the night before their departure from the State. Major Duncan, having heard the rumor in the city, came to camp, and ordered a guard placed about the barracks and a careful watch kept all night. No trouble occurred, however ; the Twelfth contenting themselves with building huge bonfires in their own company streets, and shouting without a moment's cessation during the entire night, " Whipple ! " " Whipple ! " " We want Whipple." No election of company officers was held ; it being generally understood who they were to be, and the arrangement being satisfactory to the men. The non-commissioned officers were elected by the company on the 2d of October, though not with the same feeling or results that were reported to have existed in another company, where every enlisted man but one was said to have been promised a sergeant's warrant. The lone private, on being asked how it happened that he was not expecting any office, innocently replied that he "forgot to ask for any thing when he enlisted." Few can have forgotten the afternoon spent at the State House in the old House of Representatives, when our allotment of pay was made. Many have often recalled " Uncle " Peter Sanborn's impassioned speech on the terrible havoc made by the " army worm," and it would have been well for the regiment if his good advice had been heeded. Haversacks, canteens, and rubber blankets were issued to the company October 10. At the date of enlistment the following bounties were paid, other companies receiving the same except the amount of town bounty, which varied in the different towns: United-States bounty, one hundred dollars, — twenty-five dollars was paid at enlistment, and seventy-five on muster out. State bounty, fifty dollars. In addition to the above, nearly every town offered a 40 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. bounty. In Keene the town bounty was one hundred and fifty dollars, to which was added a " citizens' bounty " of fifty dol lars, making the total bounty at time of enlistment in Keene two hundred and seventy-five dollars. COL. ROBERT WILSON. Robert Wilson, first colonel of the Fourteenth Regiment New Hampshire Volunteers, son of James Wilson and Elizabeth (Little) Wilson, was born in Peterborough, N.H., September 24, 1811, and lived at Peterborough till 1815, when (with his parents) he removed to Keene. The grandfather of Col. Wilson, Major Robert Wilson, served with distinction during the Revo lutionary war. Col. Wilson was graduated at Amherst College, August 22, 1832. He at once commenced the study of law with his father, a noted lawyer of that time, and remained in his office about two years, when, being appointed United-States surveyor, he went West, and remained some time surveying government lands. In 1835 he was appointed, by Gov. William Badger, inspector of the Fifth Regiment, N. H. Militia, but, being at that time in the West, did not accept the position ; soon, however, returning home, he was appointed by Gov. Badger lieutenant- colonel Twentieth Regiment, N. H. Militia ; and on September 4, 1837, he was appointed by Gov. Hill colonel of the same regiment. August 3, 1838, he was appointed by Gov. Hill division inspector of third division, N. H. Militia. The 25th of August, 1848, he was commissioned captain of the old Keene Light Infantry, in which company he had always taken great interest. For several years he was chief engineer of the Keene Fire-Department. On the 24th of September, 1861, he was mar ried to Mrs. Rosabel H. Burt. During the fall of 1862, at the special request of the governor of the State, he commenced the formation of the Fourteenth Regiment, New Hampshire Volun teers, and on September 19, 1862, was commissioned its colonel. April 20, 1864, he was appointed to the command of the district LIEUT.-COL. BARKER. 41 of Carrollton, La. On the 7th of June, 1864, he was placed in command of the second brigade, second division, Nineteenth Army Corps, which position he held till the brigade was ordered to Algiers, La., for transportation North. He was honorably discharged from the service on surgeon's certificate of disability, September 6, 1864. When Col. Wilson retired from the service, Gen. Birge wrote a complimentary letter concerning him to the governor of New Hampshire. From the time of his discharge till his death, which occurred in Keene, April, 1870, he was much interested, in spite of his declining health, in the affairs of his town, being foremost in the bringing of water into Keene from Goose Pond. In 1869, the year prior to his death, he represented Keene in the State legislature. He was a man of massive build, and in his youth was noted for great strength, stories about which have often appeared in the New-Hampshire papers. He left a widow but no children. LIEUT.-COL. T. A. BARKER. Tileston A. Barker was born in Westmoreland, N.H., April 18, 1807. Benjamin and Abigail,' his father and mother, lived upon a farm, and raised a family of eleven children ; and, not being blessed with a competence, Col. Barker was compelled at an early age to push out and do for himself. With a limited common-school education, he located in his native town, and com menced manufacturing boots and shoes. While engaged in this pursuit he married Semira Albee of Chesterfield, N.H., who bore him three sons, two of whom are now living, — Col. Fred A. Barker of Keene, N.H., and Capt. Frank T. Barker of Bradford,, Penn. : the youngest died in infancy. His widow resides at the old homestead. After following the pursuit of his adopted trade for many years, he relinquished it to engage in the mer cantile trade in the same town, and, while thus occupied, was appointed mail-agent from Boston to Burlington, and held the office for eight years, under the administrations of Franklin Pierce and James Buchanan. He was active and energetic in 42 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. town affairs, and was well and favorably known throughout the .county and State. Of a genial disposition and pleasing address, he won hosts of friends, but was not without political enemies ; for in business matters his honesty and integrity were never questioned. He was for eleven years doorkeeper of the House of Representatives ; for five years represented his town in the legislature; was elected State senator in 1872, and re-elected in 1873. Previous to these dates he served on the staff of Gov. Hubbard. From his majority upwards he was a great lover of military affairs, and the old State militia found in him an enthu siastic supporter. The fife and drum were his favorite band- instruments, and " Yankee Doodle " his favorite tune. For many years he commanded " Westmoreland Light Infantry," better known, perhaps, as " Old West Light." But the old militia laws were repealed, and New Hampshire left without a military organization. While in this deplorable condition the country was called "to arms;" and Col. Barker colored his gray locks black, and denying his age, which was fifty-four, offered his services to the State, and, with a company he had recruited, was commissioned captain, and mustered into the three-months' service. Later on himself and company re- enlisted, and were mustered into the Second Regiment, N. H. Vols., Co. A. While in the fighting Second he was engaged in the battles of Bull Run, Malvern Hill, the Seven-days' fight, before Richmond, and Williamsburg. During this service he was appointed major of the Sixth N. H. Vols., and would have accepted but for Major-Gen. Hooker, who persuaded him to remain with his old regiment. Still later, when the Fourteenth Regiment, New Hampshire Vols., was being organized, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel, and in that capacity served until the close of the war, when he returned to his home, somewhat broken down in health, and quietly enjoyed his remaining years. Blessed with a rugged constitution, he knew but little of sickness; but it came at last, and brought an incurable disease : when apprised of its nature, he said to those around him, " I would like to live a little longer ; but I have lived to a good old age, and always enjoyed myself. I don't complain ; MAJOR S. A. DUNCAN. 43 but, when the time comes, I pray God I may fall asleep." And so it was : in the city of Keene, at his son's residence, on the morning of December 7, 1879, Col. Tileston A. Barker closed his eyes in the sleep that knows no waking. Col. Barker was buried in Westmoreland with Masonic honors, he being a mem ber of the Knights Templars. MAJOR S. A. DUNCAN. Samuel Augustus Duncan was born at Plainfield, N.H., June 19, 1836. He was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1858, with the highest honors. In September, 1862, he was commis sioned major of the Fourteenth, holding that position through the summer of '63, when the regiment was engaged in provost duty at Washington. In September of the same year he became colonel of the Fourth Regiment U. S. Colored Infantry. In this capacity he was a remarkably brilliant commander, meeting with great success, and winning deserved and lasting fame. Col. Duncan and his colored troops were highly praised by'Gen. Butler in his General Orders of October, 1864. In the examination for officers for the colored troops before the Mili tary Board in July, 1863, Col. (then major) Duncan passed for colonel in Class 1, ranking first out of about two hundred examinations. He successively occupied the positions of major, colonel, brigadier-general, and major-general. Major Duncan was an ornament to the Fourteenth, and fairly representative of the best material it contained. The colored regiment, of which he became colonel, rendered gallant service under his leadership, and was deservedly praised for its efficiency. One occasion on which they showed great bravery, was at the attack on Battery Harrison, September 29, 1864, in which Col. Duncan was severely wounded in the ankle, and obliged to retire from field-service for several months in consequence of his injuries. He rejoined his command in North Carolina, taking part in the expedition against Wilmington, and subsequently joined Sher man in his movements against Raleigh and Gen. Johnston. He had local commands in North Carolina afterwards, and in the 44 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. fall and winter commanded the line of forts surrounding Wash ington, and on the northern bank of the Potomac. After the close of the war he was for a time a special agent in the war department, and for some years after that one of the principal examiners in the United-States Pension Office. On the evening of the 19th of September, the last company and squad had arrived. It was a good-natured, chaotic mass of volunteers, retaining sufficient independence in some of its squads, to declare that they would not go into certain com panies, or even in that regiment, unless they were guaranteed- their " rights." The men were nominally still in charge of the recruiting-officers, and not a subsequent officer was then entitled to command not having been commissioned or mustered. Major Samuel A. Duncan was the first field-officer qualified to assume general command ; and he appeared, and began the work of consolidation and discipline. There ensued a kind of anom alous, tentative period before the company officers were clad in their authority. When that was accomplished, a great many members of the regiment saw a great many things in a differ ent light from that of a few weeks or even days before. The squad barters having been concluded, and the ranks of the dif ferent companies being filled to the number required, the mus tering into the service of the United States was effected by Capt. Holmes of the regular army between the 22d and 24th of September, although some scattering recruits were mustered as late as October 14. At the time of muster the men received trousers and blouses, so that the citizen became visibly trans formed to the soldier ; and the attire of civil life was laid aside by nearly all for three years, and by a large number forever. Previous to muster the men were given a taste of camp-life in the line of police-duty, and a good deal of awkward squad-drill ing was indulged in. September 24 a furlough of one week was announced, and a large proportion of the members returned to their homes for the REGIMENTAL PROPHETS. 45 final visit and adieu. When, at the end of the week, the barracks were again filled, the mess-gatherings were not so jovial. The serious business of war loomed up before us as an imminent and dread reality. It was near enough to engender more of thoughtfulness than characterized the first merry holi day assembling of the battalion. Then it was that the imagina tive prophets launched the regiment on the limitless expanse of speculation. Our destination, when we should see the first encounter, how many would be killed, whether or not we should get down South before the Rebellion was put down, the military qualities of McClellan, the probable freeing of the slaves, the comparative merits of certain officers in the regiment, — these were a few of the questions mooted and irrevocably settled in advance by the knowing ones. Most of the men were much better posted in the science and probabilities of war than they pretended to be two years later. October 5 the Fourteenth witnessed the presentation of the colors to the Thirteenth Regiment, which departed the next day for the seat of war ; the Twelfth having gone more than a week previously. Monday, October 6, was a memorable day in the history of the Fourteenth. It was the occasion of the first battalion drill and dress-parade. Col. Robert Wilson appeared for the first time to assume command ; and Lieut.-Col. T. A. Barker was also in the field, aiding the green officers by his experience. The men were serene in their ignorance of tactics; but ambitious officers of the line, who had been cramming Casey for a fortnight, were in a vertebral cold-shiver tempera ture. They were very familiar with Casey, — in a book ; but it did not take much time to impress them with the difference between tactics on paper and tactics on the drill-ground. There is something magical in the illusiveness of tactics when a fresh pair of shoulder-straps attempts to pin them down to any given manoeuvre. That the men got into a snarl, a tangle, a double and twisted, inextricable tactical knot, is tame delineation. That drill caused a good deal of serious reflection, while it was manifest that the Fourteenth contained some of as good mate rial for command as any battalion could desire. 46 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. The dress-parade was a curiosity. The regiment was with out arms, and could not present a very threatening or even imposing appearance. The colonel, when the parade was formed, could not exercise his men in the manual. It may be questioned whether the possession of muskets that day would have inured to the credit of the organization, as the order, " Support arms ! " might have brought a right-shoulder shift from the right wing, and a reverse arms from the left. In all this the Fourteenth was not different from other green regi ments. All hands were glad when the parade was ended. The next attempt was a marked improvement; and both officers and men rapidly developed that facility in formation and evolution which, with less intelligent troops, is only acquired by a much severer discipline and more protracted exercise. It is to be observed, however, that in no case can high excellence in evolution or manual be attained in a brief space of time. ON GUARD. The initiatory rite by which the citizen was practically trans formed to the soldier was the detail for guard-duty. We refer to camp-guard primarily, for here it was that the fresh- dubbed knight stood forth in all his consequential dimensions. He was, perhaps, prepared for this responsible service by liberal assignments to " policing ; " but nothing ever created so much disgust per capita, to the unfledged volunteer, as what was known in camp discipline as police-duty. " I enlisted to put down the Rebellion, not to pick up garbage, sweep streets, clean out sinks, and mow brush ! " Now, this high-toned, fastidious palladium of the Union learned a great many things in the course of three years ; and, before " the cruel war was over," he was far readier to clean out a sink than to fight a battle. Besides, it was a curious fact, that those who, at home, devoted their manly powers to the most ignoble occupations, were most outspoken in their protests against menial service in the army. But guard-duty was another matter. It flattered the green recruit, and we were all green at first ; though one month after Capt. G. T. Blanchard. Capt. Chas. P. Hall. Capt. Frank T. Barker. Lieut. John L. King. Lieut. Chas. G. Howard. Company a Officers. SOME, L UDICR 0 US FEA TURES. 47 muster, suoh were the marvellous developments, there were none but veterans in the entire command. It was a striking phenomenon, the rapidity with which the citizen matured into the experienced campaigner ; and there was nothing like guard-duty to ripen him. As he sat in his mess, munohing his first hardback, and soaking his beard with his coffee, he told stories of army experience, amply sufficient to cover all the oampaigns from Lodi to Waterloo, or from Bull Run to Appomattox. It was rare amusement for the genuine veteran to behold the'burlesque performances of a new battalion, when, at nine-o'clock "guard-mounting," it developed all the grotesqueness of unpractised service, — a farce in one act, last ing twenty-four hours, to be repeated next day with slight modifications in the way of doubtful improvement. In the realm of greenness there was unquestioned democracy, for officers and men vied with each other in tangling all move ments and bungling every ceremony. It was a trying ordeal to those officers who desired to show off uniform, sash, Damascus blade, and a form of Aohilles to the best advantage. Those who were oool enough to perpetrate a gross blunder, and act as though it were the correot thing, became at once popular all along the line ; while he who came very near to tactical exact ness, though somewhat nervous and hesitating in execution, was voted "no military man." Who can forget the first night on guard in the camp at Con- oord ? Arms had not been issued, and a few old worthless mus kets were secured with which to give a semblaribe of prowess to the oamp-guard ; but there were so few of these obsolete weap ons, that each relief was marched out unarmed, and the soldier on duty surrendered his musket with the beat to his successor. Tire first attempts at camp-guard duty were counted a good joke ; and really it amounted to no more-, for it was the baldest piece of soldierly masquerading that could well be imagined. The men were not even uniformed, and the regiment had not entered upon its, martial dignity sufficiently to give an imposing character to any of its performances. The guard was chiefly set as a discipline for the troops, that they might beoome famil- 48 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. iarized with the routine of the first duty likely to be imposed in actual service. But nobody appeared to know exactly how to mount, set, relieve, or comprehensively to manipulate, a camp- guard. Great things were expected from those of the rank and file, not mentioning commissioned officers, who had served for a time earlier in the war as three-months' men, or otherwise ; but the fact was, that no one talked more or knew less than the average "returned soldier" in the second year of the Rebellion. One of these battle-scarred, sanguinary heroes of Bull Run used to gravely inform gaping crowds at home that " flying artillery " was a battery which fired at the enemy while " on the dead run." All over the North, in 1862, these returned soldiers boasted of their achievements, and hinted at their military in sight with more of unction than animated Miles Standish as he recounted his exploits in Flanders. Their deeds of prowess "would be argument for a week, laughter for a month, and a good jest forever." Now, it was scarcely possible to organ ize a regiment in the summer or fall of the year referred to, without finding that the enlistment-net had dragged in few or several of these — some of them — uncanny fish, or eels, if their slippery nature be considered ; for, with a surprising celerity, the same dubious patriots soon slipped out of these, as they had from former regiments : and, as by miracle, recov ering from diseases upon which discharges had been procured, many of them were found mustered in battalions subsequently raised. " The bearings of these observations lays in the application on 'em," and it were a libel upon thousands of noble men to intimate that they were subjects of the picture herein drawn. We confine our remarks strictly to those who are fairly por trayed in the above description, and the originals are easily recalled. Such were more intractable than the greenest of greenhorns ; for they knew altogether too much to be taught, and too little to do any thing correctly. And thus it occurred, that in the first essay at martial exercises, namely, camp-guard at Concord, the few war-worn veterans whose names sprinkled RUNNING THE GUARD. 49 the rolls of the Fourteenth were of small utility in forwarding discipline and securing precision. If the boys were in any exigency for a new device for " rais ing Cain," this mammoth camp-guard frolic met every demand. The cordon was stretched around the barracks with the osten sible aim of preventing the men from going, without leave of absence, to the city. But the stringency and effectiveness of the sentry-line can now be recalled with wonder. Sentries fre quently could not see a man leaving camp, for the excellent reason that they were walking the other way ; a guard who was unable to read writing was overwhelmed with a suspicious number of passes, which never saw the commanding officer's headquarters ; there was an unconscionable number of officers' orderlies and servants going on pressing errands for their mas ters ; while those guards who were of high integrity, and sternly intent upon doing their full duty, were tortured, just after nightfall, by seeing one after another of their daring comrades mask their faces and coolly run the guard, while they had nei ther a musket nor a disposition to effectually halt them. But the attempt to keep the men out was far more successful than the opposite endeavor, for the spirit of mischief supple mented the letter of the law ; and on several nights of low tem perature, at the witching midnight hour, homeward-bound con viviality had time to cool outside the lines, while all the red tape in the regulations, and considerably more, was gone through with: and the end of that night's frolic was occasionally the guard-house, and not the coveted barrack's bunk. It is at Offutt's Cross Roads, and especially at Poolesville, that we find our freshman guardsman advanced to the sopho- moric period. He has learned a thing or two, and is deftly paying off camp-grudges on some of the non-commissioned officers ; for woe to the corporal who has charge of a relief with two or three privates in it who have a spite to gratify. That unhappy corporal is kept running the entire two hours ; or, when he temporarily takes the beat of a private, said private is in no haste to return to his post, and, when he does resume it, another is ready to utilize the two-chevroned, miserable magnate of the 50 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. relief. These are times when the welkin is made to ring by the stentorian bawling, " Corprul the guard — post twenty-one," reiterated, re-echoed, and intensified by every sentry round the line, and kept flying until the corporal is distracted, and isn't a bit proud of his rank. The sergeant of the guard, also, was somehow, in those days, made to do a good deal of camp- running. Another feature of this undergraduate guard-duty or instruc tion period was the custom of the members of each relief to sleep in their own bunks; so that, when the third and first reliefs were to be called at one and three o'clock in the morn ing, the corporal must go through each company street, visit the tents, and wake up his men. If he had fifteen men to rouse, he was quite certain, if ordinarily smart, to stir up at least thirty wrong and wrathful warriors; and he never failed to evolve a hundred curses per man : so that by the time he got his relief together, some of them having to be called two or three times, the corporal was in a happy frame, which was much enhanced by the objurgations of each of the old relief, who had stood on their posts fifteen or twenty minutes over time. A pretty feature of Poolesville guard-duty was the unac countable custom, which sergeants and corporals of the guard affected, of carrying ramrods while on duty. It was as near as they could get to wearing a sword, and was vastly handier than lugging a musket. These and other violations of regulations and discipline were tolerated during the first months of service principally through ignorance ; but by the time Camp Adiron dack was occupied, in 1863, all the nonsense of this duty was banished, the reliefs were kept together, discipline was enforced, and there was no more exact or efficient guard-duty performed in all the Union armies than that which was done in camp and in most responsible stations of every kind by the Fourteenth Regiment. The arduous duties in the city of Washington tested, not only the endurance and the discipline, but the high morale of the regiment ; and it is a part of our high heritage to remember that no troops which occupied the national capital won more flattering encomiums. GROWTH OF A REGIMENT. 51 The Old-Capitol Prison, Navy-yard Bridge, Central Guard house, south end of Long Bridge, Benning's Bridge, Sixth- street Wharf, G-street Wharf, and all the departments of the government, together with numerous other localities and expe ditions, were witnesses to the hard and faithful work of the Fourteenth Regiment. It may be of interest to those who served there, to mention that the Central Guard-house and the quarters at the south end of Long Bridge are in almost exactly the same condition as when occupied by our detachments nine teen years ago. Most of the other familiar spots are much changed, although large sections of Washington are as they were in the stirring era of the war. In an active campaign, no such thing as eainp-guard is needed: the men are quite glad to remain in camp if a spot is occupied long enough to dignify it with the name of camp, and foraging and picket-duty furnish all needed outside excitement. But, through all vicissitudes, the veteran looks back with amused interest to the awkward- squad period ; and camp-guard reminiscences are worth cherish ing as a portion of a trying and wonderfully varied experience. The early development of regimental life is a series of sur prises, and this continues until even novelty becomes monoto nous. The new-fledged soldier finds his old habits curbed at every turn, and strange requisitions constantly made upon his intelligence and endurance. The minor experiences of the initiatory camp are replete with interest and amusement. Per sonal peculiarities are not masked in a military uniform. And so it transpired in the camp at Concord, that all imaginable traits were developed. Before officers were elected, a phenom enal generosity was witnessed. It must have been the rigors of camp discipline which operated to check the effusive benefi cence when it was determined just who were to wear shoulder- straps and carry swords. Into one company barracks was ushered a mammoth box of doughnuts, and the boys were made welcome by the public-spirited importer direct from the home 52 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. kitchen. There were interesting pranks played ; and, in both a serious and jovial sense, each day was crowded full of activity and adventure. One man, who became diurnally inspired with wakefulness at the wrong end of the day, and whose extraordinary oratorical powers were easily stimulated, and far exceeded his intelligence, was ready every night, after taps, to spread his stentorian notes throughout the company barracks. He continued the perform ance for a week, when a young man interfered. That young volunteer learned a lesson which ought to have sufficed for two wars. He was foolish enough to believe that night was in tended for sleep, and that boisterous privates were amenable to military rules. He discovered his mistake. Being urged by some of the best men in the company, — who were smart enough not to go themselves, — he reported the war-dance to the lieu tenant in command. His amiability was not increased by a disturbance of his midnight nap, but he sent back orders for private Congdon to " shut up ! " Private Congdon responded to the order with a blasphemous blessing upon the lieutenant's head, and a material increase of his hullabaloo. Another report to the lieutenant by the exasperated youth, which drew forth the order, " Tell the sergeant that if he don't stop his noise to put him in the guard-house." The pow-wow deepened ; and the vociferous Congdon was marched off to the guard-house, which he transformed into a bedlam until near morning. But the dSnoument was an humiliating commentary on the virtue of that youth. The aforesaid Congdon was a favorite of the lieutenant : in fact, the private had been efficient in assuring the shoulder-straps. In the morning, after the imprisoned man arrived at a realizing sense of his situation, he was furious in his wrath, and confronted the sergeant, who referred him to the lieutenant who gave the orders for confinement. The lieutenant had so short a memory, that he solemnly averred that no such order had been given by him. The result was, that the youthful complainant was himself inarched off to the guard-house for communicating the order. A victim had been found: the lieutenant was exculpated, the private was placated. In RIDICULOUS CONTRIBUTIONS. 53 another company a more modest performer contented himself with going through the barracks and stripping the blankets from the men three or four times during the night. In the fitting out of a volunteer regiment for active service, neither the State nor National governments appeared to take a leading part. First came the family friends with several scores of absolutely indispensable articles, such as thimble, scissors, paper of pins, a needle-book with all sizes of needles, several spools of thread, a big ball of yarn for darning, — some went so far as to put in a bundle of patches, — buttons, bandages, — these were a few of the motherly, wifely, or sisterly tokens, tucked away in the soldier's knapsack. Then outside friends brought their offerings, among them cases of medicine for self-doctoring; tourniquets for the stoppage of blood-flow ; havelocks, handker chiefs, etc. Masculine admirers, who had a sanguinary idea of soldiering, — for others, — contributed their addition to the outfit in the shape of enormous pocket-knives containing a complete kit of tools ; dirks ; revolvers with bullet-mould and powder-flask. A knife-fork-and-spoon contrivance was a trophy for the* more favored ones. Yet this was only a beginning. While in camp at Concord, the money obtained easily was expended lavishly.- Innumerable knick-knacks, as useless as numerous, were laid in store. One of the favorite articles of outfit was the steel-plated vest, a garment into which a pair of heavy iron breast-plates were to be slipped when going into action, at other times to be carried in the knapsack. When the paraphernalia enumerated above was all arranged, and mounted on the soldier's back, a giant would succumb to such a load on a moderate march. It is not to be inferred that a majority of the regiment so ridicu lously handicapped themselves, but many did ; and nearly all packed their knapsacks with a medley which would have been judged absurd by themselves when settled down to genuine campaign work. The regular outfit of the regiment was issued in parcels. October 9, rubber blankets and haversacks were drawn from the quartermaster. The day following, the State bounty of fifty dol- 54 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. lars was paid. The town bounties were paid by agents from the several towns, who paid the men as soon as they were accepted and mustered. The United-States bounty was paid on the same conditions. On the 15th guns and equipments were supplied ; and this was the day when, according to rumor, the Fourteenth was to leave the State : but rumor then, as generally in a mili tary camp, was entirely at fault ; for a third of a month elapsed before the order came. On the urgent recommendation of Peter Sanborn, State treasurer, the allotment system was adopted by a large proportion of the men, whereby from eight to ten dollars a month were reserved from their wages by the paymaster, and paid to the friends at home to whom the allotment was made. This plan resulted in a considerable check on the reckless ex penditure of many in the army. After arms were issued, drill ing in both the manual and movements was carried on "with more of vigor and interest ; Lieut.-Col. Barker being generally in com mand when the battalion was in line. Thursday, October 16, was a red-letter day in the organiza tion of the Fourteenth. A regiment without colors is a mere double string of armed men arranged by companies. The moment a battalion-line is formed, there is an instinctive de mand for the colors ; and, after an experience in the greatest war in history, every veteran will affirm, that the most vivid of the descriptions of a soldier's devotion to the flag, to the colors of his regiment, is no poetic fiction, but is quite within the truth. With full ranks the regiment marched to the city, to engage in the crowning ceremony of its organization. Mar shalled in front of the State House, at parade-rest, the regiment stood, and listened to the presentation speech of Treasurer Sanborn. The colors were received -for the regiment by Col. Wilson, without remarks. The command was then prepared for inspection, in State-house Square, and was carefully in spected by Capt. Holmes of the regular army. The Fourteenth was now as fully prepared for active service as it could be, save in the somewhat important matter of arms. In response to an inquiry, Col. Wilson remarked of them, " They are about as efficient as pitchforks." TO THE SEAT OF WAR. 55 At seven o'clock, on the morning of Saturday, October 18, the last line was formed in Camp Cheshire. The great battalion stretched out, in a magnificent formation ; and " by the right flank, file right," the column moved out to the music, first of drum-corps, then of the band. It was an interesting spectacle, — to see a thousand soldiers, but yesterday in civil life, march ing away from their homes and the dearest objects of existence, to venture every hardship that a colossal struggle, covering a thousand battle-fields, involved, with a risk of life that amounted to a certainty of death for a large number. The men were loaded, some of them until they staggered; and the mile and a half of march to the railroad station was a fatiguing exercise. At 8.20 the train left Concord, reaching Worcester at noon, where a brief halt was made. Passing through Norwich, Conn., the train reached Allyn's Point, on the Thames, at 5.30 o'clock ; and two hours later the regiment embarked on the Sound steamer, " City of New York," from which it landed in Jersey City Sunday morning. Philadelphia was reached at three P.M. of that day ; and the regiment marched through the city, taking another train at six o'clock, which ar rived in Baltimore early in the morning, on Monday, the 20th. Leaving Baltimore at nine o'clock, Washington was reached at five p.m. The strength of the regiment when it entered the service was about 970, officers and men : A, 95 ; B, 97 ; D, 96 ; I, 80 ; C, 100 ; F, 85 ; H, 80 ; K, 85 ; E, 96 ; G, 94. Twenty men were detailed for the band, under a citizen leader. His salary was made up by the officers of the regiment. The drum-corps con sisted of ten filers and fen drummers. The pioneer-corps con sisted of details of members from the different companies. TO THE SEAT OP WAR. There was no demonstration of patriotism more flattering to the Union soldier of the East than the ovations which awaited him at every step throughout New England, extending, at first, even to New York and Philadelphia, as, by train, steamer, and 56 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. brief marches, his regiment moved from the home-camp to the seat of war. In spontaneity and enthusiasm those tributes were magnificent ; and the cheers of men, the glee of children, with the smiles and handkerchief-salutes of earnest women, followed their country's defenders to lonely beat, weary march, and hos pital cot, — an inspiration whose impulse was not lost until the lurid fires of war were quenched. It could not have been the novelty of the spectacle which prompted such overflows of loyal sentiment, so gratifying to those whose minds were alert and eager for the active duties of the field, but whose hearts were heavy over separations which stirred a keener anguish than they ever knew before. This festive greeting and Godsend was one of the most exhilarating novelties of an experience that was novel in all its phases until the dread monotonies of war brought too many organizations into a routine where even death ceased to attract attention. The ovations we mention were worthy of the great people whose national future was to be determined by the glistening bayonets gathering from State-camps, and con verging on the great salient lines of conflict. They were on a scale commensurate with the resources and patriotism of the country; and they engendered a grateful sentiment among the troops, not dissipated while the forces of the Rebellion stood in wicked array against government and right. Loaded to the last limit of endurance, knapsacks and other trappings weighing nearly, or quite, fifty pounds, the men marched from the home-camp to the station, and embarked iu good passenger-coaches. The train was no lightning-express, — nothing more than a respectable freight for speed, — a fact quite agreeable to the soldier-boy who was never before fifty miles from his native hearth, and who now got an idea of the home circle which never occurred to him before. The more venturesome among the men soon perched themselves on top of the cars, where, with song and jest, and a general, sometimes roistering, jollity, they saluted or bantered everybody within reach of their voices. On these expeditions, as in all movements of volunteer troops, there were those who always stood out prominently as spokes- Capt. C W .Hodgdon. Lieut. W. H. Sargent. Lieut. Stark Fellows. Lieut. R. F. Smith. Lieut. Chas. O. Cragin. Lieut. John N. Brown. LUMr-AMi p Officers. SCENES OF THE JOURNEY. 57 men, representing, or oftener misrepresenting, the better ele ment, unobtrusive character, and sentiment of the great body of the regiment. But all rudeness and uncouth manners were overlooked by good-natured and sympathetic crowds in a mood to forgive any thing but the colossal treason behind the war, which, in the same breath, welcomed for the first and bid adieu for the last time, greeting men they never saw before and would never see again. During the first year of the war, liberal and choice refreshments were dispensed wherever the volunteers stopped en route for the front : but the drains were so heavy, the calls so varied and frequent, that somewhere the lavish outgo must be curtailed ; and the regiments entering service in 1862 were not feasted so generously on their outward passage as were their predecessors. It was the good fortune of many new regiments to have their transportation varied by a steamer passage for a portion of the distance. Many a full battalion marched upon the decks of some magnificent sound, lake, or river boat, not one-quarter of whose membership bad ever previously seen a steamboat of any size. The revelations, the surprises, the lessons treasured forever, of such a trip, in the case of a susceptible youth, cannot be pictured, nor even imagined. The night voyage over Long-Island Sound; the meeting with other steamers ; the passing of sailing craft of all kinds ; distant lighthouses and ships ; a light-spangled city on a distant shore, round which the fertile imagination clustered all sorts of romantic situations and incidents ; the broad, far- stretching shimmer of the full moon, transforming the wonder ful sheet of rippling water into a fairy sea, glorious and unreal ; the strange, phosphorescent wake of the great, throbbing palace, which went skimming along into the dim, silent, mysterious dis tance ; away to the right the six masts of the " Great Eastern," revealing the fact that a glimpse had been secured of that won der of navigation, — all this without, and the mechanical and architectural wonders within, filled the mental stomach of the unsophisticated volunteer with a mass of nourishment, which, in all probability, is not yet fully digested. It always happened that orderly-sergeants were obliged to 58 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. revise and shorten their rolls after leaving New York, although Baltimore was indisputably the banner city for desertions from loyal regiments passing through. The only loss was in substi tutes and bounty-jumpers, who hurried back to serve their coun try, briefly, in another regiment, for another bounty. The cause really gained by such desertions, for any thing was preferable to the presence of such worthless material in a respectable military organization. Transportation from Jersey City was again secured to the eager troops in good passenger-coaches; and the trip, via the Camden and Amboy Railroad, was quick and pleasant. Leav ing the cars at Camden, opposite Philadelphia, the regiment crossed the Delaware, in better shape than did Washington in 1777, according to the historic picture. But there was one point of similarity between the followers of the Father of his Country, and a Union regiment making an uninterrupted pas sage from New England to the front, — they were both " power ful hungry." There is something appalling in the appetite of a thousand men after they have taken the longest ride of their lives ; and there is also that about such a migration prompting the unoccupied soldier to eat all the time, with no satiety. A battalion just hungry enough is the most tractable body of men imaginable ; a little beyond that point the colonel will do well to tighten his grip and keep them moving; but, when the stom ach begins to clamor loudly, patriotism is but a stammering whisperer in competition. The reader is respectfully referred to the article on foraging for more light on this point. From Camden into Philadelphia was crossing the Rubicon; and if it be true that — " Hungry judges soon the sentence sign, And wretches hang that jurymen may dine," surely the amiable ferocity of a well-nigh famished regiment is not to be wondered at, even if it be deplored. But Phila delphia ! long may the aroma of her unexampled refreshment rise to stir grateful memories in " thousands of thousands, and - ten times of thousands," of veterans' breasts ! Philadelphia, the THE FAMOUS COOPER-SHOP. 59 peerless city, shut off all opportunity for any demonstration of the possibilities residing in a hungry legion. On arriving in the City of Brotherly Love, a council of war revealed a monotonous unanimity of empty haversacks all along the line. Even the Aunt Betties had devoured the last slice of frosted cake, re served for the dreadful emergency of this journey ; and the last mouthful of canned crab-apple had followed : the last dollar of young Live-while-you-have-it had been left in a sand-bank gro cery of " Jarsey," and he stood beside them fumbling his empty pockets. A general assault on all cheap eating-houses in the vicinity was just planned when the regiment was ordered to move, and in five minutes was marched into that grandly his toric " cooper-shop," which has rung with the grateful comments of more than a quarter of a million of the country's defenders, who therein feasted, to the fill of satisfaction, upon the most liberal spread laid for volunteers in all the land throughout the war, with a bountiful overflow with which to replenish forlorn haversacks. The effect was more than electrical. That im mense building, resounding to the tramp of a great battalion, and full of the rich odor of steaming coffee, was a shrine where homage and gratitude were evoked in sincerity and plenitude. The founders of this noble benefaction deserve, jointly and in severalty, a superlative monumental shaft. The unique and heartfelt expressions of appreciation uttered between the big and rapid mouthfuls would amuse and touch all who should read them could they be gathered up. A pint of excellent cof fee, plenty of nice bread and butter, boiled ham and beef, crack ers, cheese, and often pickles, constituted a truly royal bill of fare for clamorous soldier stomachs. Strong men cried like children as they enjoyed a hospitality which reminded them, that, though far from home, they were not beyond the friendly care and consideration of those whose loyalty was thbughtful, kind, and exceeding tender. With a cheery swing and merry march, the regiment crossed the city, and took another train for Baltimore. The City of Brotherly Love received an emphatic, if not a purely religious, benediction from the well-fed, high-spirited troop as it left the 60 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. station ; and sincere vows were made that Philadelphia should never suffer the spoliation of Rebel marauders. The movement of a regiment from its camp of organization to the theatre of military operations was tediously slow, unless one of the periodic panics of " Washington threatened " pressed every railroad into exclusively military transportation, and sent every available fragment of troops flying pell-mell to " save the capital ; " and it appeared that there was a siding for every half-mile of main track, and at least one train to be waited for at each siding. After leaving New Jersey, the enthusiastic crowds, speeding the nascent champions of the flag on their way to Yorktown trenches, Chickahominy swamps, Potomac vigils, or coast expeditions, dwindled down to corner crowds of small but boisterous boys and professional loafers. Whether passed at midnight, as in the case of the Fourteenth, or at mid-day, the mouth of the Susquehanna furnished an episode fruitful of com ment long afterward to those who were awake to witness an entire long train of cars run on a monster ferry-boat at once. The crossing at Havre-de-Grace, the train being broken into three sections, was a marvel to the entire command. The approach to Baltimore was an event memorable in the history of every regiment during the first two years of the war. The heroic tragedy of the Sixth Mass. was brought to mind in every case. But it was a curious phenomenon, that, when each regiment passed through that suspected city, a riot was just then peculiarly imminent. At any rate, the Four teenth, running into Baltimore at four o'clock in the morning, was all on the qui vive, apprehensive of an attack by the des perate plug-uglies, so notorious in the early days of the great Rebellion. Some miles outside the city the train was stopped, and each man was supplied with two rounds of ball-cartridge, together with a good deal of official advice from certain line-officers, which must have come quite directly from the nozzle of a can teen. Loud was the defiance to all Baltimore if any demon stration was threatened ; and there was considerable argument as to the propriety of leaving any thing at all standing in the PASSING THROUGH BALTIMORE. 61 Monumental City, should audacity culminate in any overt act. Never did two ounces of spherical lead and one hundred grains of gunpowder per man prove such a comforting opiate to fear and a corresponding incentive to bravery. There were more Hectors and Nestors in the smoky cars on that dark morning than, ever rallied on the plains of Troy. And it was one of the pre-eminently brilliant exploits of our history — only equalled by the brave stand of the picket-post on the Potomac, gallantly quaking at midnight to repulse an uncommonly large covey of ducks in its essay to cross the river. The regiment was armed, and every man was supplied with ammunition. It was true that the guns were old, third-hand, condemned smooth-bores ; it was true that the battalion had, never been taught to load and fire ; it was true that not half the men knew how to load with ball-cartridge ; it was more than probable, that, in case any firing was indulged in, ten men would be struck by their comrades where one was hit by a rioter. All this was reasonably certain. It was a little matter of no consequence, hardly worth mentioning, — no caps were issued with the ammunition, and not a gun could have been fired in any emergency. Nevertheless, the command was pano plied for the onset ; and there was an invincible host ready to hurl the gage of battle at the feet of all Baltimore. And those sanguinary preparations and heroic defiances were ever after remembered with pride ; for when the train drew into the dreadful Baltimore station, and arms were grasped for the fray, there were discovered surrounding the train three negroes, two drunken sailors, a policeman, and two newsboys prematurely out of bed. What a tempest of wrath and unspeakable indignation ! The regiment had seen the last of commodious passenger-coaches, and was unceremoniously hustled into a train of baggage-cars. "Are we cattle, to be used in this way?" "Do they think, because we are so far from home, they can use us like hogs ? " The mood and the comment seem ineffably silly to a veteran soldier ; for a clean box-car was a luxury which any weary, foot sore sick, ay, even sorely-wounded, volunteer would thank God 62 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. for amid the death-throbbings of the great struggle at the front. But the first essential in the discipline of a new regiment was a "good taking-down," and it was sure to come. We gladly forget the storm of anathemas hurled at Uncle Sam's officials for transporting a regiment from Baltimore to Washington in baggage-cars. Government-troops in general never suffered very keenly nor extensively by transportation in box-cars. We made a day of it. All day long that wheezy, most out rageous piece of mechanism that ever dazed the eye of man,, a Baltimore and Ohio freight-engine, puffed, snorted, backed, filled, and stopped as the snail-train crawled toward the capital of a country with a doubtful area. It was on this stretch between Baltimore and Washington that the subtle and decep tive persimmon stole a place in this regimental chronicle. The persimmon is a fair snare, a treacherous luxury. The train made a long halt in the middle of that October afternoon beyond the Relay Station, crowned by Gen. Butler's frowning fort ; and it inscrutably happened, that on each side of the track stood half a dozen strange trees with stranger fruit. In fact, no home-bred Yankee had ever seen the like among his granite hills. It was noticed that our Bull-Run veteran valiant — he was the man who, when a three-months' volunteer, boasted that if a fight came on he would be found where the bullets were thickest : and his prediction was literally verified ; for his com rades found him well to the rear, hid under an ammunition- wagon — this highly respected oracle in res rebellionce chuckled knowingly over the rush for persimmons. He had been there before ; and he was persistent in urging all the men to secure the largest and fairest of the fruit, "for," said he, " there's nothing nicer than persimmons." But never before or afterward was he known to manifest such unselfishness ; for he contented himself with shrivelled and frost-bitten persimmons, generously passing on the unscathed, blushing fruit to his neighbors. In this way he was noticed to have gathered a quantity of what appeared to be a worthless article. All along the line, from groups on top and groups within the cars, as well THE DECEITFUL PERSIMMON. 63 as among the crowd lining the track, arose yells of disgust, and somewhere near a thousand mouths were screwed into the vilest of puckers; for what can twist and snarl up the mucous membrane like a persimmon before the frost has hugged it. The men soon learned that those persimmons which they had despised and trod upon were the only ones fit to eat, and that those were delicious. Never a more charming autumn afternoon than that on which the Fourteenth entered the national-capital city environed by its defensive fortresses and beleaguered by a desperate foe. Washington was not besieged, but a. guerilla band of not more than one hundred sabres pouncing down on the Maryland side would create a panic and compass a general demoralization. The great forts crowned by tall flag-staffs, bearing the stars and stripes, extending completely about the city, on the surround ing heights in an imposing circle, presented a spectacle calcu lated to impress most effectively the minds of those now encountering for the first time the real "pomp and circumstance of war." With straining eyes each observer on the car-tops — for every square foot of the roofs was covered — eagerly endeavored to descry the dome of the Capitol, which our re-enlisted oracles declared would be the first landmark discerned in Washington. The sun was so low that the looming forts on Arlington Heights, away over the pathetically historic river, rose to an imposing prominence when, rounding a lazy curve, there stood forth in the distance against the glowing sky what appeared to be an inverted two-bushel basket, badly stove up in the bottom. The reader will remember that the dome of the Capitol was, at this time, but fairly begun ; the upper portion existing only in skele ton, with immense cranes and other hoisting mechanisms sur mounting the structure in grotesque outline. Nearing the city, extensive earthworks were passed, and novel spectacles multiplied. Imagination was quite as busy as the eye, and romance cut all sorts of fantastic garments with which to clothe with exaggerated interest every object and incident of the expanding situation. The excitement increased, for an 64 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. actual glimpse of the Potomac River had been obtained. One man with a long-range vision was sure that he saw the White House. The Company C " Truthful James," who never intended to be distanced when the matter of statements was prominent, declared that the White-House story was most likely true, be cause he could see squads of Rebel cavalry riding along on the other side of the river beyond the forts. Negro cabins, an army of aimless curly-heads, long winding trains of army-wagons, big warehouses of quartermasters' stores, immense stacks of com missary supplies, strolling soldiers, a provost-guard, groups of f urloughed officers, barracks, camps, hospitals, parks of artillery, all the varied and indescribable paraphernalia of war, — we are in Washington : we feel the heart-beat of the nation's life in this unparalleled struggle of the later ages. At half-past five o'clock the excruciating locomotive uttered its final wheeze, and another Union regiment was ready to grap ple the " backbone of the Rebellion." It was marched into great barracks without bunks, and had the privilege of reclining, dur ing its first night in the sunny South, on the soft side of a plank floor. The advent in Washington set one matter outside the schedule of anxieties. Before muster, and while awaiting orders to the front, even while en route, a large number of the men expressed the unwilling- opinion that the regiment would never have the opportunity of reaching the theatre of active operations. It was freely wagered that " The war will be over before we can get there." Of course they were glad to have the war end ; but they thought it would be a pity, after all the trouble and ex pense incurred, if the Fourteenth should be ordered home without even seeing any thing of the Rebellion. The arrival in Washington quieted these apprehensions ; and, before the regiment was mustered out of service, very few cherished any notion that the Fourteenth had been cheated out of its share of the experiences of war. THE FIRST EXPERIENCE. 65 II. SER VICE. The Fourteenth arrived at the theatre of war just too late to participate in the remarkable campaign initiated by Lee's inva sion of Maryland. It was undoubtedly intended for the Army of the Potomac ; and the two preceding regiments from New Hampshire, after remaining on Arlington Heights for a few weeks, were incorporated into that army at Falmouth. When the Fourteenth arrived in Washington, the peculiar fighting which culminated in Antietam had just been finished : Lee was retiring up the Valley with an army almost intact when it ought to have been destroyed ; McClellan was preparing to return to the Rappahannock, moving along the east side of the Blue Ridge. It was evident that the active campaign of 1862 in Vir ginia was ended ; and hence the Fourteenth was not called upon to swell the historic army immediately confronting the Army of Northern Virginia under Gen. R. E. Lee. Pending a decision as to its destination, the regiment, on the morning of October 21, was marched to East Capitol Hill, where it encamped in A tents in a level sand-bank about one mile east of the Capitol, for three days. The stay there, enlivened by a brisk wind filtering the atoms of sand into every recess of the men's outfit, was long enough to disgust every one with the national city ; and it was the unanimous conclusion that an ex periment with Virginia mud would be far preferable. We were probably indebted to the dashing Jeb. Stuart for our winter's destination. While the regiment was shrinking from sand-cyclones in Washington, the country was startled and thoroughly scared by the audacious raid of the said Stuart with 66 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. eighteen hundred Rebel cavalry, as he rode entirely around our main army, penetrating to Chambersburg, Penn., there inflict ing considerable damage and more terror, retiring in safety across the Potomac at White's Ford. McClellan had employed a considerable portion of his cavalry in picketing the Potomac while his army occupied the Mary land side ; and when he moved southward into Virginia, it was necessary, in view of a possible repetition of Stuart's antics, and the unremitting maliciousness of Moseby's guerilla excur sions, to provide for a permanent patrol and picket of the upper Potomac. The Fourteenth Regiment was designated for this service : and on the morning of October 24 the sand-drift camp was broken, a good deal of dust was shaken from the feet of a gratified battalion ; and it merrily swung off by the right flank, with band playing and colors spread. The route lay down Pennsylvania Avenue, passing the White House, and striking the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal at the Aqueduct Bridge, Georgetown. That day's march, began in glee, ended ingloriously. The Fourteenth was never a regiment of heavy artillery ; but it was, on the day mentioned, a very heavy infantry regiment. Each knapsack was a bureau of knick-knack curiosities, absurd comforts, and impossible luxuries. Not a mile of ground had been traversed before a' general murmur expressed the condi tion of things. The iron-clad-vested men were the first and loudest in their complaints. The lagging, fagged-out, green volunteers, panting over a two-mile march, must have been objects of ridicule to a veteran of the Army of the Potomac. At any rate, the time came afterwards when we poured eon- tempt upon other organizations, fresh from home, which were surely not more foolish than. we had been. The first halt was made in front of the White House, and at least one-third of the battalion took a vigorous account of stock. The men with bullet-proof vests — their hope and pride — in Concord — vowed that they would prefer to risk Rebel bullets rather than carry so much old iron any farther. Steel breast plates sufficient to coat a small gunboat were hurled into the ON THE POTOMAC. STRIPPING FOR SERVICE. 67 gutter in front of Father Abraham's marble cottage. . The members of Company G were wiser in their generation. They hired a job-team to carry their knapsacks, the driver realizing about ten dollars for the trip. A large quantity of superfluous articles was thrown away at this first halt, while the greater portion of the men tenaciously clung to the numerous items of overloaded packs. They had to dispense with them all eventually, but it was a sore trial. It was the fashion to ridicule new regiments for providing so extensive outfits of little notions as most of the knapsacks would have revealed. A second thought would have fully jus tified such action, and it was no doubt a wise expedient. There was need of a gradual diminution of enjoyments. The most abrupt transition from the unnumbered comforts of home to the utter paucity of camp-life was deplorable, and in most cases unnecessary. The gradual curtailment was best : so that those who started to serve their country with fifty-pound knapsacks, and tapered off to a rolled blanket over the shoulder, were philosophical in their military development ; and a comb, bit of looking-glass, and portfolio, were not essential foes of royalty, discipline, and bravery. That night the regiment camped in the woods above Chain Bridge, nine miles from Washington. The next day's march was up the tow-path ; the knapsacks being piled upon a canal- boat, together with all members of the regiment who were smart enough to suffer with a sudden infliction, rendering them inca pable of marching, and whose countenances were adorned with sufficient agony to secure a surgeon's certificate. We con tinued on until about the middle of the afternoon, when orders to countermarch were gjven; and the column returned five miles to Lock No. 21, where an open-air bivouac was the only night resort, no place having been selected for a camp, and no tents being available had a camp been laid out. Sleeping under an open sky at the last of October was a severe exposure for troops not inured to campaign hardships, nor accustomed to timely precautions. The next day, October 26, was Sunday; and tents were 68 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. pitched on Adder Hill, a bluff directly above the lock. The sheiter was timely ; for, before the tent-stakes were half driven, a heavy rain began, rendering the first sabbath of army life in the South chiefly memorable for its dreariness and discomfort. The proper apportionment of duty was manifestly not then understood, as men stood five-hour reliefs on picket that day and night. The surroundings were dismal, and such an intro duction to active service was not inspiriting. The Fourteenth became a part of an independent brigade, consisting of the Thirty-ninth Mass., Fourteenth New Hamp shire, Tenth Vt., and Twenty-third Me., with the Tenth Mass. Light Battery, Capt. Sleeper, and, a little later, Scott's Nine Hundred, N. Y. Cavalry. Brigadier-Gen. Cuvier Grover was as signed to this command. He did not long retain the position, as the government required his services elsewhere ; and Col. P. S. Davis, supposed to be the ranking colonel, assumed com mand. The service required of this brigade was more arduous and involved a greater exposure than was demanded of any troops in the army of the Potomac during the same season. The green regiments enjoyed no boys' play. The incidents and surroundings of the first forty-eight hours of actual service on the banks of the Potomac could hardly have been more depressing. The camp was on the dubious slope of a gullied bluff; the tents poor, and severely tested at once by a drenching rain ; and seven men in a tent. That sin gle trial was a crucial test ; for as the men met the discomforts and hardships of the two first days at Adder Hill, so they en dured to the end of their connection with the regiment. Those who sputtered and growled the worst, together with those who were jolly, taking the mud, storm, and drenched blankets as good jokes, — those were good for every strain and hardship as a general rule. But the quietly despondent ones, the home sick boys, — and there were many such on that chilly, rainy Sunday, — were enrolled, inevitably, for early death or speedy discharge. The discomforts of those first days at Lock 21 culminated in a tragedy which mantled the camp in mourning. Corpl. THE FIRST DEATH. 69 George Norwood, one of the best members of Company F, went on duty at ono o'clock Monday morning. lie was very low- spirited during Sunday, and spent most of the day in looking at the portraits of friends at homo, and in talking of his family. Tlio night was fearful, and almost utterly dark. Corpl. Nor wood was last seen on the stone-work of the lock by Sergt. A. B. Colburn, at two o'clock. A sharp cry was heard soon after ward, and that is all that discloses any trace of the cause of the first death in the regiment. Search was instituted, but nothing could be accomplished before morning. The colonel and other officers personally assisted in drugging the canal, and were inde fatigable until his body was found in the bottom of the lock, with his equipments upon him. His body was sent homo at the expense of his comrades. On Saturday, October 80, the regiment held its first dress- parado on Southern soil. Considering the rough experiences of the preceding days, the men made a good appearance; and there was an improvement in steadiness. November was ushered in by tho quartermaster in the issuing of shelter-tents, almost the last article that a soldier would think of drawing with winter ooming on. The sheets with buttons and holes were utilized by the men as sheets or spreads for their bunks. On November 4 (ion. drover inspected tho regiment, and condemned the guns, much to everybody's satisfaction. This was the first glimpse of a, live general which most of the Fourteenth had caught, and Gen. Grover was made of that stern military stuff well calcu lated to duly impress the raw recruit. It was innocently sup posed that wo should immediately bo supplied with suitable arms, but — an old soldier knows more than afresh one. There were fellows who were always fixing up their tents, and they began operations at Adder Hill. They were very complacent over their A's changed into wall-tents by three and four feet of board sides, the boards having been begged, bought, and — the tents looked much better: but the possessors of such rank-and-lilo mansions were, within a day or two, the maddest men we had yet seen; for on Thursday, the 13th, orders came to move, and tho regiment unceremoniously decamped, moving 70 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. some distance from the river, and nearer to Washington, it being about sixteen miles away. The new camp, named Grover, was at Offutt's Cross Roads, on the road between Great Falls and Rockville. The men were not then accustomed to such abrupt removals, and there was a great deal of nonsensical grumbling. Some of the tent-crews got their betterments moved to the new camp, a circumstance not enhancing the pleasure of those less fortunate. There was some target practice had at Adder Hill, and it may be reckoned as among the wonderful events of the great Rebel lion. The old smooth-bores were possibly more dangerous at the breech than at the muzzle ; for from the latter nothing was found to be hit, while from the former a victim cringed at every shot. Quite a number of the men had never fired a gun in their lives ; and several of them, when commanded to fire, would shut their eyes, turn their heads in the opposite direction, and blaze away. In later months the Johnnies ascertained that the Fourteenth had greatly improved in the item of firing. It was about this time that Company F earned the reputation of run ning the guard-house. Certainly on one Sunday eight or ten of her best men were incarcerated at one time. They did not turn out to a company drill ordered by the captain, and were thereby taught not to have any particular religious scruples. For some reason that Sunday drill was abolished. The guard house was a flourishing institution in the early days of the regiment's existence ; and, while it created a good deal of indig nation, there was a comical side to the picture which was not overlooked and will not be forgotten. ON PICKET. To inexperienced troops picket-duty furnished the most try ing ordeal. It called for physical endurance beyond any other draft of military service, unless it was that of rapid and pro longed marches ; and when it is considered that the result of a campaign, the fate of a great army, and even the future of a government, may depend upon the alertness of a solitary picket- THE NOVICE ON PICKET. 71 post, and turn upon the faithfulness of a single private soldier, the strain upon officers and men must be regarded as severe in every respect. The Union volunteer when about half-seasoned, that is, midway between the recruit of 1861-62 and the veteran of '65, was glib in his denunciation of " red-tape nonsense," especially as applied to picket regulations ; but the importance of this outlying precaution for the safety of an army justified the strictest discipline, and was illustrated in scores of in stances during the late war, notably at Cedar, Creek, where a great disaster was inflicted upon Sheridan's army through a surprise of the picket-line, a ruse de guerre which barely failed of immeasurably aiding the Rebel cause.' It is quite possible that all has never been told concerning the opening of that day's drama, nor has it been fully explained why it was that the first Rebel-shot could have been fired inside the breastworks of our sleeping army. But no suspicion of carelessness can attach to the novice on picket-duty. He may not know what he is to do nor how to do it, but he will do something all the time. He will see every thing there is about him, hear a good deal that isn't, and try to halt every thing that moves. In the presence of an active enemy, the fresh and the seasoned soldier are equally vigilant, but in different ways. It is undoubtedly true, that for the most part our troops performed faithful and efficient picket-service during the later campaigns of the war ; and the veteran volun teer brought to this arduous service an intelligence and self- reliance which greatly re-enforced the regulation precautions, and contributed materially to the triumph of our arms. But he dispensed with all superfluities, and was perhaps too much inclined to depend upon himself rather than upon rules and orders. Newly mustered troops on picket were not only wide awake, but decidedly nervous. They literally followed instruc tions, though their interpretations of orders were often amazing, even to absurdity; and on occasion they could easily multiply every order by ten, and the product was sometimes curses and confusion. Among the vivid pictures which memory retains of scenes 72 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. and incidents in that memorable period, few will stand out so prominent and lasting as our picketing on the Potomac, with Moseby's guerillas harassing' every detachment and threatening every ford. The Fourteenth Regiment was introduced to this service directly upon its arrival at the seat of war, and through all that first winter the metal of the men was well tried : and, while it was subsequently ascertained that no force of the enemy had then seriously manoeuvred in our front, the regiment acted in constant anticipation of an immediate demonstration; and the details for outpost duty acquitted themselves with zeal from the first, and with discretion as soon as it could be acquired. There were blunders of that period which still cause the ears of their perpetrators to tingle as they are remembered, and there were some fortunate escapes from tragic consequences. The first picket-detail from the Fourteenth Regiment came near being the last which the major of the Thirty-ninth Mass. ever inspected. One of the guards, a strapping boy yet in his teens, was posted in a lonely thicket traversed by a winding road, just the spot for a surprise ; and one was apprehended, for Moseby was spreading terror by his ubiquitous antics and exag gerated force : and green troops in that region verily believed he would shoot or hang every captive. When that boy was left by the sergeant in the desolate swamp, being charged by the latter with innumerable instructions which neither sergeant nor sentry comprehended, he felt, as he shouldered his musket and measured off his beat, that the fate, not only of Grover's brigade, but of all the Union armies, hung upon his own vigi lance. He canvassed the probabilities of being hung or shot in case the guerillas trapped him, and couldn't settle upon the preferable method of sacrifice by bushwhackers. Now, a loaded rifle in such hands was a weapon dangerous to all comers, pro vided the possessor took no aim before firing. One order rung in the tyro picket's ears, — " Halt every man you see, and, if he don't stop, shoot him ! " and he was deter mined that he would prove himself worthy to defend the coun try, and vindicate the enormous trust which hung, as it were, on the point of his own bayonet. He thought of almost every THE GREEN VEDETTE. 73 ? thing in that first hour of his first tread of an outpost beat. He did not expect the officer of the day, — he did not know what an officer of the day was : he had never heard of such a character. But the dashing major of the Thirty-ninth was officer of the day on this eventful morning, and was leisurely making the rounds, attended by his orderly, when he encountered this verdant vedette, who heard him long before sight served, and was all on the qui vive, thinking the dreaded guerillas might be stealing in to annihilate the camp. It was nothing to a nervous sentry that the officer wore a blue uniform : was not that one of Moseby's pet tricks ? The broad red sash, crossing the breast from right shoulder to scabbard, gave no hint to our raw recruit. He should have announced the approach of the officer to the picket-post by, " Officer of the day ! Turn out the guard ! " But in this instance there was no leaving of coffee to boil over between crackling rails ; no hasty scramble, snatching of accou trements, tumbling for guns, and falling into line to present arms to the brigade outpost supervisor. For about a minute our hero thought he had behaved like a veteran ; for about twenty years he has known that he acted like a fool. Ten rods away, " Halt ! who goes there ? " bring ing musket to a "ready." The major jogs right on serenely. The challenge is repeated with more emphasis. Still the officer impudently aims straight for the alarmed picket. The latter begins to suspect that after all the officer may have some legiti mate business in that locality ; but perish the thought ! he recalls his instructions. In desperation he again commands " Halt ! " cocking his musket, and in a moment more he fires. But no ! the major does halt, and thus prevents an unpleasant dSnoument, and perhaps a court-martial. " Call your officer ! " and the thoroughly scared private is glad to get out of the scrape by calling " Sergeant of the guard ! " said pompous but thick-headed dignitary appearing in fear to respond to the offi cial reprimand for the sentinel's obtuseness with, " He is a green hand, and don't know his business." Now, in spite of this ready and apt military explanation, it is to be observed, that he of the chevrons who commanded the said post did not himself 74 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. know an officer of the day from a provost-marshal; and he was obliged to turn his detail into a debating society, in order to determine how to receive the "grand rounds," coming to plague him about midnight. Sometimes an officer got outgeneralled on the picket-line by a private. The Fourteenth furnished an officer, and the Thirty-ninth Mass. a private, to illustrate this. The captain was officer of the day, and the broad sash and other inspiring influences wrought him up to the mood of a strict disciplinarian. In making his morning inspection, he found one of the pickets not walking his beat. The reprimand was severe, and not couched in terms known to a pious vocabulary. The private devised a method of balancing the account. When the officer of the day made his " grand rounds " at midnight, he found the aforesaid picket faithfully walking his beat ; but the beat was on a small island in the midst of a considerable pond of surface water. The sentry declared it was the identical beat upon which he was stationed in the morning. With an accompani ment of a tide of blasphemy easily heard half a mile, the exas perated officer was obliged to dismount, wade out to the isolated picket, and receive the countersign. Throughout the war the picket-line furnished some of the most dramatic and amusing episodes in the soldier's life. At Lock 21, where Rebels were stealthily creeping along our front just across the river, and where the first man perished mysteriously in the howling storm and Stygian night black ness ; at Edward's Ferry and White's Ford, really dangerous, and where coveys of ducks on the Potomac at night sounded like Rebels crossing to attack; the more stern, earnest, and deadly watch and guard of the valley campaign, on hill and pike, in treacherous copse, and by winding stream, with the stimulus of constant and imminent danger, — these exploits will ever thrill the veteran's soul, and stir the sluggish memory, so long as a boy in blue remains among the living to ruminate upon the Potomac and the Shenandoah. There is another page of picket history which we do not turn in this volume, although it is perhaps the most romantic, if not YANK AND JOHNNY DICKER. 75 the most thrilling. The boys of the Fourteenth did not chance to camp in intrenched lines for months, over against and near to the enemy, with opposing pickets less than half a musket-shot apart, and where, while cannon were silent and the great hosts rested in a practical truce, these jolly picket-guards fraternized so far that all the rules of cautionary warfare were stretched to their utmost limit, and there was a great deal of swapping and promiscuous dicker between " Yank " and " Johnny." For twenty years the newspapers have teemed with stirring and laughable incidents of this close, foe-fraternal relation ; and we may presume that the subject is yet fruitful. The picketing of the Fourteenth Regiment was of a sterner, more deadly quality. We leave the chronicles of the pleasanter sort to those who were fortunate enough to fight a Johnny Reb between the lines, hitting him with a bag of coffee, and receiving the return blow from a plug of old Virginia tobacco. It was authoritatively announced that the regiment was to go into winter quarters ; and the tents were raised upon stock ade and board walls, and put into comfortable shape for the inclement season. Red cedar was abundant in that region, and was cleverly utilized for tent-finishing ; the slender poles furnish ing as near an approach to spring-beds as the soldier can hope to make. Cedar was presumed to be a remedy for body-lice, which even then began to infest the clothing of the men. The utter disgust and loathing evinced by the neatest among them, and measurably experienced by all, were natural. A philosophic attitude toward vermin, which is one of the shining qualities of the veteran, had not then imbued the members of the Four teenth. No matter how neat a soldier kept himself, it was of no avail. He must suffer for the filth of those who had ten anted his picket-post, or guard, bunk, or barrack quarters before him, leaving a crawling leaven that always leavened the whole lump. The red-cedar panacea was too mild a remedy for the lice epidemic, and it ran a course which only ended when white shirts were donned after the Rebellion had collapsed. 76 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. The 15th of November the regiment was rtarched back to Lock 21, with the expectation of exchanging the old smooth bores for the modern Springfield or Enfield pattern of muskets ; those being the best arms in the service during the Rebel lion. Breech-loaders were entirely unknown for infantry, only some of the cavalry commands having breech-loading car bines. It was just as the war was closing that breech-loading fire-arms came into deserved prominence. When it was ascer tained that only the flanking companies were to receive the new muskets at that time, there ensued such a flow of comment as soldiers can indulge in on occasion. All but Companies A and G felt, when marching back to camp with the ridiculed smooth-bores still on their shoulders, much like the king of France, who marched up the hill and then marched down again. Systematic battalion drilling was begun at Offutt's Cross Roads, and the regiment was settling down to a profitable win ter's work. That it is the uncertain which always occurs was exemplified in the occupation of Camp Grover by the Four teenth. The camp was brought into excellent trim ; the picket and drill duty was arduous, but not really severe ; and while there was considerable sickness, owing to so complete a change of life, to which the men were not yet inured, — two men dying on the night of December 9, — still the location was desirable, and acclimation would speedily have done its essential work. Saturday night, December 20, the regiment received orders to be ready to move at nine o'clock the next morning. The brigade was to occupy a strategic position farther up the Poto mac, commanding important fords liable to be threatened by heavy detachments of cavalry from the army of northern Vir ginia, or by guerilla-bands, which did some damage and cre ated a thousand times as much alarm. The men imagined that it was a dreadfully sore trial to be ordered away, and the usual amount of ignorant comment and criticism was indulged in. It was a safety-valve, and did no harm. Then, as gener ally, the rank and file, and most of the line-officers, were igno rant of even the immediate destination of the regiment. It was with sincere regret that the Fourteenth Regiment filed out Capt. Ira Berry, Jr. Capt Wm. E. Bunten. Lieut. E. D. Hadley. Lieut. M. M. Holmes. Lieut. Wm. H. Bryant. COMPANY H OFFICERS. A MIDNIGHT SCARE. 77 of Camp Grover on that cool and beautiful Sabbath morning in December. The more thoughtful ones were pained, in view of a march on Sunday ; while all clung so tenaciously to the idea of home, that even a banked-up tent or a rude stockade, when dedicated as a habitation, became invested with a worth whose loss seemed serious. That day's march was a severe test of the regiment's stamina and powers of endurance, and the ordeal was passed quite creditably to the command as a whole. The march was to Poolesville, a distance of twenty miles. The regiment was burdened beyond all reason for a march, and the six wagons were loaded to their utmost capacity. Twenty miles between 9.30 and dark, carrying elephantine knapsacks, with all sorts of possible utensils strung to their belts, was a record not to be ashamed of for the men of a green regiment. Footsore and all fagged out, the men marched, staggered, and straggled into the pretty village of Poolesville that Sunday night. No tents were pitched; the men taking possession of churches, halls, etc. Poolesville was lively that night, as may be seen from a perusal of one of the special articles of this volume. Sergt. Sturtevant of Company G had an experience which came as near making his hair stand on end as he desired up to that period in his experience. Some time during the night it was reported that human forms were seen moving about the out skirts of the town in unpleasant numbers. The sergeant and two men — Corpl. Kehue and Private Frost — were Ordered out to reconnoitre ; and soon the startling discovery was made, that these obvious enemies were mounted men, and had biv ouacked within half a mile of the sleeping Union regiment. The dismayed sergeant with his support was about to retreat, arouse the regiment, and save it if possible from the threatened disaster, when a figure was observed advancing rapidly toward them. Approaching near enough, he was halted, and was, if possible, more astonished than the sergeant had been previously. To the challenge he responded that he was a member of Scott's Nine Hundred Cavalry; and it was soon explained that two 78 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. companies of the troop had just arrived from down the river, were now bivouacked in the near field, and had no conception of any Union troops being in the place. The alert sergeant experienced a sort of revulsion of feeling, and midnight deeds of prowess were necessarily postponed. The next forenoon the regiment proceeded to Edward's Ferry, four miles, as orders had been issued for a thorough sj-stem of picketing and patrolling the river ; the former to be done by the infantry, the latter by cavalry squads. Most of the right wing remained at Poolesville. Another scare made things lively before the column reached the ferry. While some dis tance away, heavy firing was heard; and word was passed along the line, that a conflict was imminent. Reaching the bluff, it was reported that the enemy were throwing up intrenchments on the opposite side of the river. It was evident that the main body of the Johnnies were in hiding, as only one or two scouts were in sight. The troops were hurried up, every officer who had a glass anxiously surveyed the situation, and a general plan of attack was discussed. The position was approached with great caution, and the men wondered how many would be likely to get hit in crossing to the assault. After a long delay, it was decided to send a reconnoitring party over to investigate. The forlorn hope was generally commiserated, and little hope was expressed of seeing them again alive. Yet they did return unharmed, and reported that the dangerous spade had been doing its work on the Rebel side of the Potomac ; but the fact was, that two colored individuals had come down to the shore with the dead body of a friend, and the excavations so much dreaded were strictly confined to legitimate grave-digging. The first shell of the bombardment had scattered the formidable party of two, they unceremoniously dumping the corpse on the ground in their flight. For some thing more than a week the regiment manned the picket-posts along the river; the season being delightful, and camping in shelter-tents quite tolerable. The headquarters of the regiment was established at Edward's Ferry, with picket-posts up and down the tow-path of the canal. . LIVELY POOLESVILLE. 79 It was supposed to be hazardous duty; and certainly never were troops more alert, nor was there ever a more faithful watch kept upon a picket-line. The portion of the regiment on duty at the ferry was not located there long. The beginning of the new year, 1863 found the Fourteenth in camp at Poolesville, the picketing arrangement having been somewhat modified. Squads of wood-choppers were detailed ; and long oak-stockade material was hauled to camp, split in planks, set firmly in the ground, and on top were pitched the A tents. Each cabin was covered by two of the tents, the stockade extending in a con tinuous line the length of a company street. The Poolesville camp of the Fourteenth is well represented elsewhere. The Thirty-ninth Mass. was camped near by, and occupied Sibley tents. There was just enough of rivalry between the two regi ments to relieve any possible monotony; and, beyond that, things must be lively anywhere with two such organizations in camp as Scott's Nine Hundred and Sleeper's Battery. The great rolling plain east of Poolesville was used as a parade-ground ; and frequent were the magnificent spectacles presented of sham contests between the cavalry and the infantry, and between the former and the light battery. The boys will recall the exciting scenes of Scott's dare-devil squadrons riding down at full gallop on the waiting battery still as death, the yells of the cavalrymen, and the flash of their sabres, urging their horses to such a fury of onslaught that it seemed as though they must sweep away guns, caissons, horses, and all. Not an order was given in the battery, nor a lanyard pulled, until the attacking party had almost reached the muzzles, when, with a terrific roar and flash, the mock combatants were hid in smoke, and the struggle for the guns began in close conflict. Some of the companies, in order to improve their culinary facilities, built ovens. Capt. Hodgdon of Company D was fortunate enough to find some iron-arched oven-tops, and with a wagon and detail fetched them into camp. . Col. Wilson was much interested in the erection of the improved oven, and intently watched the proceeding. The work not going on just to suit him, he began showing the correct process, and presently 80 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. threw off blouse and vest, and went at the stone trimming and setting himself. In the familiar skull-cap, which became him about as well as a plug hat would a marble Venus, he presented any thing but an imposing and West-Point appearance. Ab sorbed in mud, stone-work, and the prospective oven, the colonel of the Fourteenth did not observe the approach in state of Col. Davis of the Thirty-ninth coming to pay him a formal visit. Being made aware of the presence of an officer in full- dress uniform, attended by an orderly, he turned, and simply said, " How are you, colonel ? We're building an oven : walk up to my quarters ! " The formality of the occasion was a good deal toned down by the democracy of official shirt-sleeves. While a portion of the right wing occupied the Episcopal church, previous to the establishment of the permanent camp, several amusing incidents occurred. One night the men stole a bee-hive, and, placing it over a hole dug in the ground, ignited a quantity of matches to suffocate the bees. Having succeeded, as they thought, the hive was smuggled into the church, when it was discovered that some of the bees were still in fighting trim, as several men found to their cost. The hive was hastily wrapped in the first blanket that came to hand, and put out of the window ; the blanket being returned to its place. At night, when Capt. Johnson of Company B stretched himself out on that blanket, he laid his head directly into about a teacupful of honey which had drained from the hive. His remarks need not be repeated, but they were forcible and pointed. Chaplain Rowe was invited to hold services in the church on Sunday, and some of the citizens were invited to attend. One old lady refused, saying, " Why, you can't hold services in our church." She was asked, " Why not ? " and replied, " Because it is Episcopal, and the canons of the church don't permit it." — "Well," said the officer to whom she spoke, " I can't say about the canons of the church ; but I know the cannons of the army will. Services will commence at 10.30 sharp." And they did. A choir was formed, and led by G. W. Hodgdon, leader of the regimental band. The Episcopal clergyman opened the services with prayer, making not the slightest allusion to na- MOTHER'S PANTRY. 81 tional affairs ; and Chaplain Rowe preached a good sermon, " proclaiming liberty throughout the land to all the inhabitants thereof." BOXES FROM HOME. As soon as it was tolerably certain that a regiment had set tled down in winter quarters, a wide-spread epidemic could be safely predicted. There was nothing chronic in the affliction, — that was the worst of it, — but it was intensely acute, as were some of the consequences to the victims. We do not go to the surgeon, but to the teamster, for a diagnosis of the malady ; for to the lord of the mules it was experimentally a malady. It was the epidemic of " boxes." Every regiment accessible to the base of supplies showed a bad breaking-out. New regi ments manifested a malignant type, and those within a mule's journey of Washington were turned into a genuine hospital of — " boxes." Shoe-boxes, soap-boxes, starch-boxes, clothes-pin boxes, even dry-goods boxes, thronged along from every quar ter in a tumultuous, tumbling procession. Occasionally it was a barrel, often a cask ; but they were all " boxes." Boxes tied, nailed, screwed, strapped, hinged, withed, and not fastened at all. The first recipient of a box was a prince ; the next half- dozen constituted a select aristocracy ; after that, it was pure democracy, with a small, unhappy coterie which had no home, no friends, to send its members a box. The man who did not get a box from home was a singular and much-pitied individual. But generally such a one was, in a real sense, admitted to the cheer of other homes, whose hearthstones were broad enough for generous hospitality ; and the " boys " were so appreciative of that strange, tenacious community of interest binding men of a common aim in a common privation and danger, that they opened their hearts, their hands, and their boxes to those who had no Northern pantries and sweetmeat-closets so full and so crowded open by zeal and love that they overflowed to South ern camp and hospital. The coveted boxes were generally expected, being heralded 82 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. by letter ; but were often a complete surprise. In the former case the teamster was besieged and interviewed every time he showed his head in camp : and after he had been examined and cross-examined for a week or even a fortnight by the anxious comrade, whose precious box had been whirled into some tan talizing eddy of detention in the vast deluge of quartermasters' stores rushing to every military department and army corps, said teamster was known to use a good deal of language for which he ought to have visited the chaplain ; and, had his imprecations been fulfilled, they would have very nearly filled the Chesapeake Bay with the boxes that did and didn't arrive. But the teamster occasionally got even with the importunate expectants, and sweet was his revenge. When an irascible little warrior had waited three weeks for his box, had thumbed the letter announcing its departure from home into tatters, had worked himself into a fever of anxiety, and had desperately prophesied twenty times a day that every thing in the box was spoiled, and, if it ever did arrive, it would be worthless, then it happened, in more than one instance, that just as the victim of the box-fever was marching out of camp for twenty-four hours' picket-duty, or on a more extended expedition, the harried driver would announce, in sweetest modulations, " There is a box come for you." What was previous pain was subsequent torment. The twenty-four hours were considerably more than a week in getting out of sight ; and the anxious recipient ate up at least a dozen boxes in anticipation, and vowed terrible venge ance on any man in the regiment who should meddle with that box. When he did march back to camp, he spent two per spiring hours getting into the box ; for the folks at home had built it after the pattern of a burglar-proof safe, fitted to run the gantlet of all hungry Rebeldom : and he had no hatchet, and couldn't borrow one, although there were a dozen about only yesterday. It was safe to presume that no man was fit for duty who had an attack of the box. He talked box, ate box, fixed his box in twenty different locations ; and his every look was a pine cube packed with goodies. If anybody imagines that this conduct EPIDEMIC OF BOXES. 83 borders on the puerile, let him enlist for three years, build his winter stockade in Virginia mud, and feel reminded every few hours that the pressure of a Rebel bullet is much more immi nent than the pressure of mother's hand again ; that the caress of a screeching shell is likely to greet him sooner than the kiss of his wife and the exquisite clasp of his child's arms, — then, if he has the heart of a man, he will cease to wonder at the des perate, childish eagerness with which our volunteer soldiers waited for and welcomed a box from home. If any venture, small in bulk and trivial compared with the great events among which it nestled, was ever invested with so much of consequence — excepting, always, that initial "epi sode" of the generations, the family baby — as the soldier's box ; if there was ever so much compressed worry-yeast buried in such a limited measure of patriotic meal as in the subject we consider, — then no Congressional investigating committee has yet discovered it. We imagine the fond assiduity, the sweet self-denial, the glad mixture of family love and a broad patriot ism, which crystallized about that box as it was being filled in the far-away New-England home. The best sentiments of the grandest nation on the earth twined themselves, in the grace of love, into that little four-square receptacle, built in some in stances from pine-tree or hemlock grown on the native hills of the soldier-boy, and which he had blazed, perchance, in earlier years. In these delicacies, so deftly tucked away as to occupy every available inch of space, were incarnated a devotion as lofty as that of the Spartan mothers ; an affection whose tender ness of deed was the truest expression of the finest age of genuine humanity ; and we may suggest, without presumption or overstatement, that those impulses which centred in the more than three hundred thousand boxes sent from Northern homes during the war to individual loved ones in the army, were the same for love, heroism, and loyalty, which, expanded into the majesty of an irresistible tidal wave, gathered up the power of the homes of a great people, and buried the Rebellion hope lessly. In another figure it may be said that the black fortress of Secession was not only breached, but levelled, under the bombardment of — boxes. 84 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. There was little inclination or opportunity for insubordination or discouragement in a regiment through the weary months of winter quarters, rain, mud, or a masterly inactivity, when every incoming baggage-train brought from ten to twenty boxes from those who loved the cause even as much as the never-forgotten husbands, sons, or brothers who fought and might have to die for it. And the packing of that box. Friends came in with their little remembrances. For months the precious store had been gathering, and much was the study over the tender words which should accompany the offerings. Things useful, and as ornamental as the circumstances of a soldier's life would justify; articles far more valuable to the man in the moon than to a boy in blue ; boots, mittens, socks, havelocks, (who ever saw a have- lock south of the Potomac?) shirts, drawers, housewives, diaries, pins, needles, buttons, — in fact, a whole Yankee-notion store in epitome went into that box. The society for sending a red-flannel shirt and a fine-tooth comb to every African baby, or the English association for pro viding the inhabitants of the Fiji Islands with plug hats and high-top boots, were eminent for sagacity in comparison with some of the organizers of boxes for friends in the army. A dozen rich mince-pies, a peck of doughnuts, and two gallons of strong pickles, always put to shame any malaria or noisome water, in their power to hopelessly demoralize a poor fellow just out of hospital, half cured of dysentery, and with an appetite ready to tackle his father's grindstone if he only knew that it was direct from home. Let us recall the pastry, the sweets, the tarts, concentrated essence of all niceties stowed away in that box. A boot-leg protected a jelly-jar, pickles were padded with socks, while each mitten was plump with choice confections. The whole arrangement was planned with a view to constant surprises, as the eager subject of this bounty, unprecedented in all the histories of campaigns, disembowelled his goose of goodies, — a well-stuffed bird, that came near to laying golden eggs. Perhaps the box wrought as good results where it was filled as where it was emptied. Certainly the hands were A TENT BANQUET. 85 readier for the doing, and the hearts were larger for the giv ing. But come to us in our stockades on the Potomac, the Rappa hannock, the inlets of the coast-line, or even to the more open tents on the bayous of Louisiana. Especially on the northern belt of belligerent ground, in midwinter, we shall be found hovering about a small camp-stove in one of the cabins of a continuous line of stockades, covered by two A tents joined. One of the eight inmates has received a box from home, another has just emptied one, while a third is dwelling in the happy realm of anticipation. The hero of the hour begins his explora tions : and as reminder, memento, and token from those whom he at times despairs of seeing again on earth appear one by one, labelled so tenderly, his comrades suddenly busy themselves over their bunks, guns, or accoutrements; and they don't see his tears, for if they did their own eyes would be dim. He gladly exhibits the articles of clothing and some of his trinkets, but the prudent Yankee never exposes to his comrades all there is in that box. He is doubtless a generous fellow; but, while every inmate of that tent gets many a relish for slab bacon and hard bread eaten during the week or fortnight of delicacies from that rare store, still there are choice depths in that box which no stranger and hardly the bunk-chum may fathom, and whose treasures are too precious to be shared, save — were it possible — with one whose touch was felt in every apple or slice of cake ; and when he puts that box-cover on his knees, and spreads the table of a temporary prince, he sups with those who, a thousand miles away, keep his plate and chair waiting about the family board. In these later days, and amid prosaic routine or superficial enjoyments, when the comforts and even luxuries of life can be obtained with little exertion and less emotion, such sensitive tenderness and exquisite sentiment as is here wreathed about trivialities may appear strained and wholly artificial. No soldier of the Rebellion, however, will question the faithfulness of the picture. The great war touched chords which lesser strokes would have loft smothered forever, and developed an inner life 86 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. of devotion to home, and affection for loved ones, which all the common-places of peaceful industry and an unruffled social life could never rouse. But our box has many sides ; and it is impossible, with due regard for a truthful picture, to invest all of this multitude of boxes with such an ornate drapery of sentiment as may justly ornament the actual cases referred to. As there was not, in the enlistment or service of some men, one elevating thought or ennobling impulse ; so you might have searched every incident and act in their soldier-life without finding any thing which they would hallow, or the observer could eulogize. One jovial, heedless fellow opened his. box, and sent the carefully prepared goodies flying among his too willing comrades as though the precious consignment was but a magazine of pyrotechnics which it was his cheerful duty to light off. For forty-eight hours rations were spurned with contempt, and the palate was toned up to an epicurean level. But the inevitable tumble to army fare again, brought a compensation which made the actual benefit of the delicious intrusion a matter of doubt. Another recipient took his box and all the adjuncts as a matter of course. There was nothing unusual about a box : it ought to come ; and it would be very strange if the folks at home, who slept in a bed every night, had a clean shirt once a week, and ate bread and butter every day, did not send along something to make a fellow comfortable. A third hungry champion of an indivisible Union, enlarged, expanded the principles of the last-named appreciative hero; and he went at his box much as a hog goes to his trough. He tackled that box, he invested it, besieged it, and, before he could be induced to quit, carried every redoubt and bastion. He ate up every thing in it that could be eaten, as soon as it could be crowded into his stomach, and then diversified the monotony of his after-existence by taking his home-made, home-blessed mit tens, socks, shirts, handkerchiefs, and every thing wearable, and swapping them for sutler's checks, or trading them for hoe-cake or a chicken with some of the enterprising darkies hanging like a cloud on the outskirts of the camp. It would be difficult to ; -'i ,•„„..„¦- ,,Hmfa'™Z$fn0b ¦:?*2/C ^('H'-rtt* '.''.'-''-r' , -r, , ,,.-.,11 ¦• P diiiiiir J) w *' hllillLlillt" ' //'V /f 7J« '/} Mm 1 Adjutant. 2 Colonel. 3 Surgeon. 4 Ass't Surgeon. 5 Major. 6 I-lOBpital Steward. CAMP AT' POOLESVILLE, MD., WINTER, 1862-63. LOOKING WEST. 7 Hospital. 10 Quartermaster. 13 Photograph-Saloon. 10 Stables in nnniri Tanin 8 Hospital Cook-house. 11 Llout.-Colonel. 14 Pioneers. n Drum-Corns 20 Gott's tinnio 9 Chaplain. 12 Commissary. 1» Sotto. llhS.m,",^ AALne-'oS A A Llne-Offloers' Quarters. THE TORMENT OF MEANNESS. 87 seleot a better oriterion of the man, in what are often counted as the trivial elements of character, than the box under con sideration. The generous, the profligate, the stolid, and the selfish soldier, — all received their boxes ; and their names on the oovers were not plainer of discernment than the analysis of their inner selves whioh they insoribed in tell-tale characters all over those interesting boxes. To some of tho men a box really seemed a source of unend ing torment. They never appeared to take a moment's comfort with tho denotations sent them. They were evidently in great dread of the sin of oovetousness on the part of their oomrades. They were afraid they would have to give away a bite of some delicacy, and -every such morsel actually extorted came like a tooth from a sound jaw. Suoh a one always managed to eat alone while the miserly hoarded oontents lasted, and he would make a small box last ten times as long as the ordinary soldier would a big one. He isolated himself, contrived to get his rations when his tent-mates were out : he never allowed himself a generous taste of his own good things, but endeavored to extend them, like his own enlistment, " for three years, or dur ing the war." Ho looked mean, and he must have felt mean, whenever he approaohed that box, which he secured by every imaginable device j and still he oarried a burden heavier than musket, aoooutrements, and rations oombined, whenever he left oamp on duty : he was anxious for his box, he worried about that box 5 and he was only relieved from misery when he had reluotantly swallowed the last ounce of butter, the final bit of cheese, or the bottom spoonful of honey. That whioh so en nobled the many, both in the sending and the receiving ; whioh voiced the freest generosity and proclaimed the prodigal re sources of the land for whose integrity he fought — all this, by a patent and painful oontrast, only served to belittle suoh a man until he shrank so small among his fellows that one of his own well-guarded fruit-jars seemed of ample dimensions in which to preserve him as an abiding ouriosity, — a rare evolution of the war. A ouriosity, for he was neither a representative nor a oommon oharaoter. There wore but few like him in any com- 88 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. pany, and in some companies possibly there were none. But he was to be found in every battalion, more or less, and helped to round out the multifarious phases of humanity aggregated, and to some extent harmonized, in a volunteer regiment. He must have been the man who used, at home, to stop his clock at night so that it would not wear out so fast, — said they " didn't want to know the time nights, and it would save the works." Among all the turmoils and consternations incident to a sud den and unexpected move, the box was no insignificant element in the general perplexity. When a regiment has settled itself in winter quarters, has built and furnished its stockades, and in a thousand neat and soldierly ways put the stamp of cosiness and homeliness upon its rude but really comfortable tent-roofed cabins, it is hard indeed to have the orderly poke his head inside the doors after nine o'clock at night, and simply an nounce, " Be ready to march to-morrow morning at nine o'clock." It was enough. First, silence ; then a storm of in dignation, followed soon by a roaring tide of jollity ; for the reserve thought and force of the Union volunteers were always exercised to make the best of all adverse situations. In ten minutes the entire camp was ablaze with bonfires ; being fed with floors, uncouth tables, all sorts of improvised camp-furni ture and fixtures, and indeed by every available bit of wood. Articles which half an hour earlier were hoarded with jealous care are now tossed to the flames with glee and shouts. An army about to break camp after a long stay presents, especially at night, a spectacle weird and grand. A tumult of most orderly confusion surges from headquarters to wagon-park and mule-corral. There is a general tearing up and stowing of all that is to go, and a general destruction of all that must be left behind. Friendly negroes in the vicinity " tote " off mis cellaneous property to their full gorging : sly importunings and slyer trades are negotiated with avaricious teamsters in order to assure the transportation of cherished adjuncts of camp-life. But, even when the Fourteenth had six wagons all to itself, there was a limit to transportation capacities. What was to THE TOUCHSTONE BOX. 89 become of the box ? Our narrow-gauge comrade had now reached the acme of his suffering, and he was surrounded by the culminating circumstances of his box torment. No teamster would look at his precious box, for he never dreamed of the liberality of a twenty-five-cent bribe ; and, when he did realize the Archimedean idea of a proper leverage, it was too late to get it under that box. Throughout the camp there is a general feasting ; and a jolly great repast it is, segregated banqueters in every mess prepar ing and consuming every nice tidbit which cannot be carried. The hum of busy preparation ; the running to and fro ; the crash of deserted and doomed edifices ; the song, the shout, the merry challenge, — all mingled in a welling though not bois terous uproar, forming a unique and fitting orchestral accom paniment to that night banquet of December 20, 1862, at Offutt's Cross Roads. It was a scene never to be obliterated from the picture-gallery of the veteran's memory. Yet our anxious friend is all out of place, and out of joint mentally. His box is the biggest sort of an elephant on his hands. He at length plunges into it, and for two hours eats all he can ; but his stomach plays him a mean trick, and soon refuses to act as a general provision warehouse. He cautiously doles out some of the commonest articles to his near comrades, who, realizing the situation, are not demonstrative at his generosity. But the time for departure nears rapidly ; and in sheer desperation he throws open to all about him his precious box, after carefully cramming his knapsack and haversack beyond any intention of the maker. Not five miles does he proceed on the march, before he utterly breaks down under his extra load ; and he has the satisfaction of getting thoroughly fagged out in order to supply a lunch at a wayside halt for a dozen of his companions in line. However, through all that winter in Poolesville, he never forgot his unparalleled hospitality, nor did he permit the recipients to forget it, and eagerly did he strive to build upon it a reputation for liberality ; but they remembered what he ignored, that every mouthful he dispensed was extorted by an inevitable necessity. His one enforced beneficence could not save him. 90 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. " The mouse that always trusts to one poor hole Can never be a mouse of any soul." In this reference to boxes from home, no mention is made of the magnificent charity and noble Christian philanthropy touch ing the suffering soldiers at every point, so constantly and effi ciently, by the boxes coming through the sanitary and Christian commissions, as they are fittingly recognized under another title. January 6, 1863, it was ascertained that acting brigadier-gen eral, Col. P. S. Davis of the Thirty-ninth Mass., was outranked by Col. Jewett of the Tenth Vt. ; and the latter assumed com mand of the brigade. Col. Jewett was a genial, popular officer; and the change was welcomed. Thursday, the 8th, was a holiday in the Fourteenth; for the greenbacks fell gently as snow-flakes, and the paymaster was the most popular official in the country. It was the first pay-day ; and there were lively, jolly times in Poolesville for a few days. Sutler Farr held an "opening," and opened almost every thing in the edible line that his tent contained. Then the sutler-checks came in to plague their lavish purchasers, and great was the astonishment among those who had kept no account of the dollars' worth they had ordered the sutler to deduct from their monthly pay. On the 13th and 14th of January there seemed to be a con junction of bounty-jumpers' planets over Poolesville. They had waited to draw their first pay ; they had seen enough of the Fourteenth ; had more than used up their stock of patriotism, and — they deserted. Five men from E, H, and K ; while C, in order to stand unrivalled, sent five from itself, all Frenchmen : they probably went home to get ready for Sedan. For the next six weeks camp-life at Poolesville moved on in a monotonous routine of drilling, camp-guard, picket-duty, with daily details for wood-chopping. The men were not really over worked ; but the exposure was severe, and its results were sadly apparent. The Fourteenth suffered more than the Thirty-ninth, SPARKS AND POWDER. 91 camped near by, but on higher ground. There was a good deal of sickness and several deaths. The weeding-out process began, the weaker ones going to hospital or receiving discharges. Each company had its impostors, who began a systematic " playing off " in order to get home. There were many cases of measles, most of them taking a favorable turn. Happily, nearly all of the private medicine-chests were exhausted ; the self-doctoring patients taking homoeopathic remedies in allo pathic doses. Battalion drills were in order every week-day, with company drills in the morning and dress-parade at night. March 2 the regiment began the exercise of firing, drawing its first blank cartridges that day. At this season the men were making rapid progress and showing creditable proficiency in drill, both in movement and manual. Some of the companies lacked thoroughness of training, and did not improve so rapidly as was necessary to high excellence in the exercises with the musket, and to perfection in marching ; but the men only re quired intelligent and appreciative handling for the attainment of a rank above the average of the crack regiments in the vol unteer forces. There occurred' at this time, March 9, one of those incidents which, in such a body of men, acts very much as a firebrand may in a powder magazine. It showed, that, under certain con ditions, a military camp is a very inflammable and dangerous establishment. Members of the regiment had been in the habit of "drawing" straw for camp-purposes from surrounding farm- stacks, and doubtless the practice had considerably exasperated the constant losers.- On the day in question, a musician of Company K, John L. Smith, went outside the lines to replenish his supply of straw. He returned with one bullet-hole through his hand, and another in the leg, reporting that he had been fired upon by some unknown enemy while coming into camp with his straw. Within ten minutes, more than that number of inflammatory and contradictory rumors were galloping through the company streets ; and each retailer felt bound to embellish his story sufficiently to gain it a hearing. It was confidently asserted and generally believed that the act was that of a Rebel 92 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. bushwhacker, who shot the musician because he was a Union soldier. There seemed to be no doubt that the owner of the plundered straw had something to do with the attempted assas sination. Excitement grew to anger, and anger changed to fury. The men gathered in groups, and it was understood that plans of revenge were formed. It was evident that some rash work was contemplated, and the colonel doubled the guards. As night came on, special precautions were taken, and peremp tory orders issued to shoot every man who attempted to forcibly cross the line. The officers were so firm, that the violent ele ment was overawed; and, while nearly one-half of the Four teenth assembled about eight o'clock, the demonstration was utterly quelled, as no venturesome leader appeared to take the risk of leading and directing the sortie. The retaliatory programme included the burning of every building of the offending owner of the straw, and it is quite possible that the enterprise might have gone farther and been more disastrous. Indeed, it afterward transpired that an or ganized plan had been laid to make a raid on Poolesville ; and, had the project been carried out, a foul stain must have sullied the fame of the Fourteenth, which never in the whole course of its history was disgraced by any conspicuous act of lawless ness. The sally mentioned was frustrated in this wise : when the rush was made after dark, one of the guards fired his piece, which called out the colonel ; and the facts were reported to him. He at once ordered every orderly-sergeant to fall his men in for roll-call. All who could, of those outside, rushed back to answer to their names. Officious friends responded for many of the absentees ; and so anxious were they that all should be accounted for, that, when the name of a man who had been dead two months was called by mistake, " here ! " was promptly returned from the ranks. The prompt vigilance of Col. Wilson saved the regiment from a gross act of outlawry. Every effort was made to discover the one who did the shooting, but not even threatened hanging succeeded in disclosing- the offender. It was a long winter at Poolesville, much longer than any subsequent winter could have seemed to the regiment under THE WAR AND POLITICS. 93 similar circumstances. It was seen that the war was likely to continue beyond all of the expectations entertained when the regiment entered the service. There was a general dissatisfac tion with the management of the armies, a fact not less potent because the prevalent opinion was not an intelligent one. Among soldiers a rumor is often accepted as a fact, and a preju dice does duty for. a correct judgment. In this respect a sol dier differs from the generality of mankind only in this, that his sources of information are more limited, save when stationed on routes of communication or at some great centre. The members of the . Fourteenth were decided and outspoken in their opinions upon all the questions raised by the war ; and partisan politics found able and earnest debaters, some of the companies being quite evenly divided at this period of the regi ment's history. Later in the war the prevailing sentiment was so^nearly unanimous that there was no interest manifested in any purely political discussion. Some of the officers procured furloughs and went home. In a few cases of peculiar family affliction, enlisted men went home for ten days. These exceptional amenities only intensified the tedium of those who could not go. Every case of sickness was a reminder of possibilities in the future. The above are some of the considerations which drew out the winter of 1862-63 to a weary length. Yet the discipline of that winter was invaluable ; for the Fourteenth attained a homogeneity so strikingly mani fested in later and crucial hours of trial, and which it could not have secured in its broken and detached duties in Washington, nor in any of its'subsequent campaign experiences. The con solidating influences so effectually exerted at Poolesville upon the regiment to a great extent account for the brilliant record which it wrung out from circumstances and conditions so ad verse that its inherent superiority was eminently conspicuous. The regiment was in the habit, on battalion drill, of forming a hollow square against cavalry, and returning to line of battle while on the double-quick. Capt. Hyatt, an experienced cav alry officer, declared that he never saw a regiment of infantry perform the manoeuvre with such celerity. 94 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. There was much to relieve the monotony of winter quarters in that old, staid Maryland town, still under the domination of the slave-holders' regime. Provisions could be obtained from neigh boring plantations, the charges not being exorbitant ; the slaves in the vicinity were ready to assist the Yankees so far as pru dence allowed ; the various episodes which soldiers can create and enjoy were frequent and spicy enough to furnish zest for idle hours ; the drills, details, parades, sly foraging escapades, and the thousand and one events of military life, — these were alleviating elements which recur to our veterans, and which cause Poolesville to be remembered pleasantly among the sta tions occupied during the war. Peter would have his little jokes ; and his ingenuity in devis ing, and patience in execution, always made them a success. Among his tent-mates at Poolesville was a corporal, who, as Orderly L used to say, was " liable " to practical jokes. One evening, when the corporal was on duty with the first relief of camp-guard, he had arranged with the lieutenant of the guard, as was customary, to go to his company quarters from eleven o'clock to three for a four-hours' sleep in his own bunk. Peter, having a knowledge of this fact, was observed by his tent-mates, as they looked up from their reading and euchre during the evening, to be busy whittling : after eight o'clock roll-call at tattoo, some one asked Peter what he had been up to. " I've been making a ' Quaker candle ' and some matches for the corporal to light when he comes in." An ex amination of his work showed it to be a perfect reproduction in wood of the candle that always stood in the candlestick on the shelf behind the little sheet-iron stove. In place of the wick was a long opening filled with powder, in which was inserted a fuse made of paper and colored black with ink, a perfect imita tion of a burnt wick ; two or three cards of bogus matches had been also manufactured : and, when the three taps of the drum in the company street proclaimed "lights out," the candle and matches were in their accustomed place on the shelf ; and the seven occupants of the tent were patiently waiting for the second relief to go on guard. CAMP ANTICS. 95 Soon after eleven the door opened, the corporal stepped in, took off his equipments, hung them on the peg, put his gun in the rack at the foot of the bunks, and started along carefully to light the candle. Scratch went the match down the stove-pipe, but no light ; then another, and another, with equally unsatisfac tory results ; with a smothered imprecation on the matches, he tried half a card at a time until they were all gone. Remem bering that one of the boys was a smoker, and invariably had a supply of matches in his vest-pocket, he reached for the vest, and obtained a match. As the flame increased in size, seven pairs of half-closed eyes were watching the corporal as he took the candlestick in his left hand, and, with the lighted match in his right, carried it to the wick. Fizz-z-z-z went the candle ; back jumped the corporal, striking the stove, over which he fell into one of the bunks ; while such a chorus of shouts went up from the four bunks as aroused the whole company, and called from the officer of the day threats to put all the occupants of the tent in the guard-house, should such a disturbance be agaiu repeated. Spring had come, and the kaleidoscope was ready for another turn and combination. April 3 the winter status was disturbed, the right wing being ordered to picket-duty on the Potomac between Seneca and Great Falls. Lieut.-Col. Barker went in command of the detachment. This move presaged a complete disruption of the Poolesville camp. Just before starting, an incident occurred of some interest to those concerned in the affair. A fine turkey, which had been provided for an approaching wedding, was " confiscated " by some of the boys, who anticipated a feast. But their expecta tions were rudely shattered ; for Lieut.-Col. Barker, hearing of their performance, obliged them to return it to the mourning owners. A certain Mr. Poole, living opposite the church in Pooles ville, in which a part of the regiment was quartered, had about sixty hens and chickens when the boys entered the place ; but, when they left for other scenes, the only representative of his large flock was one old setting hen, who was too thin to present any attractions to the eager foragers. 96 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. The detachment was broken up at Seneca Falls ; Capt. Hodg don, in command of Companies D and B, being ordered to encamp there ; while Lieut.-Col. Barker, with the remainder, proceeded about two miles farther down the river. The com panies which were relieved at Seneca Falls had not kept as strict a watch for contraband goods as was required. Previous Union officers in command had been somewhat blinded to their duty by the hospitalities which they accepted from those plant ers who were engaged in smuggling, and quantities of goods had crossed the river without restraint. But the change that took place when the detachment of the Fourteenth occupied this position was interesting, though not altogether agreeable to the aforesaid planters. The slaves, seeing that their confi dence was sought, and the society of the wealthy owners avoided, became communicative, revealing to the soldiers the secret work going on around them. The first night in camp here was thoroughly uncomfortable, a severe snow-storm setting in before the tents were all up. The former camp here had been on low ground, and the men had suffered much from sickness. A new location was selected on high ground, overlooking the river for some distance in both directions ; and, as the air was excellent, the health of the men was good. One evening a slave from the plantation on which the men were encamped brought information to Capt. Hodgdon that he had seen a wagon, which he suspected to contain goods, enter the forest about two miles away. The next morning he led a party to the spot designated, where a close search revealed from three to four thousand dollars' worth of goods secreted in a ravine, to wait for a suitable opportunity to cross the river. At night the command was separated into small detachments, and a simultaneous descent made upon every house in the vicinity. Two owners were arrested, and sent to the Old-Capitol Prison in Washington. Information was received of other goods ; but the regiment was ordered to Washington, preventing further search. The owner of the plantation left the morning after the search, and did not return until after the regiment had left for .... Capt. Jno. W. Sturtevant. Lieut. S. L. Bailey. Capt. Solon A. Carter. Lieut. E. B. Howard. Lieut. Jos. H. Hunt. COMPANY G OFFICERS. A NIGHT ADVENTURE. 97 Washington, which gave rise to the suspicion that he was also concerned in smuggling. Lieut. Ira Berry took command of Company C, vice Capt. Coombs discharged. Capt. Chaffin of Company I, stationed at Great Falls, received word soon after his arrival, April 9, that the Rebels were sus pected of having a line of communication across the river about a mile below the camp. An incident which befell Sergt. Stow- ell, acting as officer of the guard, served to strengthen this sus picion. During the night, which was very dark, the sergeant set out alone to visit the outer post by the river. This could only be reached, after leaving the canal, by a long and crooked path through the woods. When about half a mile from camp, he heard the sound of horses' feet, and, hurrying forward, saw two mounted men coming out of the path, and turning down by the canal. Ah order to halt only caused them to spur their horses forward, and the sergeant's instant discharge of his rifle accelerated their speed. On reaching the post, the men stationed there were found on the alert, having been aroused by a peculiar whistle from across the river. They had put out their fire, and were so. eagerly on the watch for enemies, that Sergt. Stowell was nearly fired upon before he was recog nized. Investigation showed that the horsemen had approached near enough to see the reflection of light from the fire, and had then hastily retreated. The next morning blood was found for some distance along the tow-path, showing that the ball fired had taken effect. April 13 the left wing received marching orders, destination unknown. The surmises and predictions which were ventured, in the light of history three months later, seemed wonderful and amusing. Two days after the Thirty-ninth struck its tents, marched for Washington, joined the Army of the Potomac three months later, just after Gettysburg; and the Fourteenth never met it again. Three days afterward, on the 18th, the Four teenth broke camp. As heretofore, the regiment, although the right wing had gone, and left desolation brooding over a large part of the camp, contemplated an abandonment of its winter 98 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. home with sincere regret. There was now no effort made to transform every soldier into a pack-horse, and the marching order on this day indicated the regiment's rapid advance toward campaign efficiency. A surprise awaited the men, as the regiment was marched but one and a half miles, when a halt was sounded ; and it went into camp, being joined there by a portion of the Tenth Vt. Forcibly expressed was the disgust over camp-furniture, which had disappeared in smoke, and which might have now been uti lized, but for a premature exuberance of pyrotechnic playfulness, which always possesses a body of troops when they are about to leave a locality, and can find any thing to burn. It seemed that it was intended as a position of some permanence ; as four com panies of the Twenty-Third Me., Sleeper's Battery, and Com pany I of the Sixth Mich. Cavalry joined, on the 19th, the force already there. Yet here again the rank-and-file expectation was entirely at fault, so far as the Fourteenth was concerned ; for the next morning line was formed at 7.30 o'clock, and the march for Washington, via Edward's Ferry, was begun. At the ferry the men were relieved of their knapsacks, which were piled on a canal-boat, together with such of the men as were really ailing, or smart enough to make the officers believe they were. A good march — twenty-one miles — was made that day; the sev eral picket detachments of the right wing falling into line as they were reached on the tow-path of the canal. The bivouac that night was at Great Falls, a place of consid erable importance as a point of distribution of goods for the inland trade, but at the time mentioned was much abandoned and more dilapidated on account of a prejudice entertained by the former inhabitants against frequent interviews with both Union and Rebel shells, which had got into a habit of almost periodically screeching over and into the little hamlet with a sort of triple location on river, canal, and gorge. The last part of the march that day was made in a cold rain ; and when the inevitable delay followed the halt at night while quarters were being allotted, — deserted buildings were occupied, — the limbs of the men so stiffened that they were moved with difficulty. THE CHILL OF A BIVOUAC. 99 The writer, after standing for a few minutes in an immense windowless warehouse, became so much like a ramrod that neither back nor legs would bend at all ; so that four comrades more supple took him and laid him like a statue on his blankets. The officers were fortunate in securing a deserted dwelling, which the occupants had vacated so abruptly that one room was still carpeted ; so that the officers luxuriated upon that car pet as a downy bed. Great Falls was the theatre of a ludicrous spectacle the next morning when the line was formed and the march resumed. A tidal wave of ephemeral rheumatism had swept over the entire command. An extra cup of coffee was needed all round: while those who made every military move pivot on a pint of commis sary whiskey, did a great deal of lively limbering up ; but, while their tongues were unusually lithe, their marching qualities were in no wise superior to those who depended on tea and cof fee. The Fourteenth was well represented on canal-boats that day: but, as the day advanced under a genial sun, the men recovered ; and by the time Georgetown was reached, at four P.M., nearly all of the disabled ones were able to fall in and pursue the march through Georgetown and Washington. The route lay up New-York Avenue to the north-easterly outskirts of the city in Gale's Woods, below the eminence on which then stood Finley Hospital. Here, in Camp Adirondack, at 7.30 in the evening of April 21, the Fourteenth went into quarters which it was to occupy for three-fourths of a year. This camp was delightfully, though rather unhealthily, located in an oak- grove on undulating ground. The quarters consisted of A tents on four-foot board walls. The line-officers' tents were located on a terrace across a gully from the company streets, while the field officers' and headquarters' tents were still more elevated farther to the rear. In front of, and sloping down from, the parade- ground in front of the camp, was the line of cook-houses, with a sizable brook running near by. In many respects Camp Adirondack was a model. 100 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. THE COOK-HOUSE. Among the impenetrable mysteries of camp -life, the company cook-house was chiefest. It is to be understood, that when a regiment had become well mellowed, trimmed of superfluities, and disciplined down to hard knocks, swift motions, and the bottom realities of actual service in the field, cook-houses were abolished, cooks relegated to the ranks, and all their utensils and privileges stored and forgotten. But in the palmy, nascent era, when a regiment had more baggage-wagons than were accorded to a division in the field, then it was that the cook shone in his glory; and the cook-house was his citadel and sine cure. " For ways that are dark, and for tricks that are vain," the average company cook would put to shame all the heathen Chinese oh the Pacific coast. The portal of this culinary tem ple of Janus, contradicting tradition, was barred to the common herd: its precinct was sacred, and its contents — dubious. It was generally suspected that it contained something much nicer than was ever dealt out to the men through the narrow ration window, which somehow reminded the timid recruit of a port hole, with the irate autocrat inside training a ten-pounder on all intruders. It was a mystery to the common soldier how it chanced that some were so favored as to be admitted to the frying-pan sanc tum, using it as a dining-room, while others were rigorously excluded. It was averred that second and third rations were not impartially distributed. It was strongly suspected that the choicest bits of meat and the occasional dainties purchased, or extras issued, never got outside of a select ring, which glorified the cook and absorbed the cream of the commissariat. Doubt less our friend, the grumbler, instigated all this malevolent criti cism. The cook-house proved an interminable worry to all the sensitive ones, who would have rested as quiet and complaisant as the cook himself had they been admitted to the ring. But the complaints were as persistent as they were useless. The cook held his position by favor of the captain ; and no army- corps commander was ever more independent in his realm than SOMETHING ABOUT RATIONS. 101 were those cooks, all subservient as Uriah Heep on one side and as inexorable as Shylock on the other. Many and wrathful were the inferences drawn from the fact that some cooks were in the habit of scrutinizing the next applicant in the line before preparing the ration, and it was doubted that all the inequalities were accidental. The company officers, in many cases, messed from the com pany stores ; and here again there arose a great source of anxiety. The suspicious warriors declared that the officers got all the best of the rations, and that they did not pay their full share ; and it was alleged that some paid nothing at all. The cook was as mum as a sphinx. But there was a more serious grievance. With some regiments the commutation system was practised for a time. The governmental allowance was so generous that there was often a superfluity of many articles of diet. Regi ments and companies might refrain from drawing their full allowance of any article issued, and the same was commuted in cash. In this way some companies saved a large sum, which was generally expended in purchasing delicacies and fresh edibles not drawn from the commissary. The money was drawn for the company by its commanding officer, and there were entire companies uncharitable enough to believe that their captains never remembered to pay over or expend for their men the full amount due. But let us defend the cook-house and its sovereign ; for, while the picture we have drawn is absolutely true, we believe it is representative of the minority, while the great majority were just, and genuine good fellows. Just relieved from twenty-four hours of arduous service, our detachment files into camp. Accoutrements are hung on the tent-pole ; blankets unrolled and piled on the bunk ; chum or bunk-mate pours what water remains in the canteen on our head and hands, developing a clean bit of skin here and there ; a flourish and a roll from our little, gray-headed, pleasant-faced old drummer, and, with shrill fife-screeches leading the brusque rolls of the drum, the dinner-call is sounded. We seize plate, cup, and iron spoon ; and before the orderly-sergeant can give the order, " Company F, fall in for rations," each man of seventy 102 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. or eighty makes a dive for a position as near the right of the line as possible ; as the orderly, for all "grub " purposes, ignores the usual formation, and it is a go-as-you-please race for the best place. Who forgets the "right face," the single-file tramp to rations under the oaks of Camp Adirondack, or on the rolling plain of the winter's camp in Poolesville ? In the gray of dawn and the twilight of evening we made our doughty tin-plate assault upon that stronghold of an ungarnished cuisine. And such appe tites ! Say what you will, Uncle Sam was " a good provider." The coffee and tea were excellent generally : so was the sugar and the meat. The range of supplies included all that could be reasonably expected. Never since battles were set on the earth was there such a commissariat for such an unparalleled host. Never were soldiers so well and so bountifully fed as were the Union troops in the war of the great Rebellion. There were cases of severe and perhaps unnecessary hardship, where hard service and inadequate rations were joined in one experience ; but it was either an inevitable calamity of war, or the fault of a single officer. The government did all and more than could have been expected, and let him stand in deserved contempt who arraigns her for any neglect in the general commissariat. The veterans of the Fourteenth Regiment will unite in according to guerilla Moseby the credit of being an extraordi nary meddler in the commissary department. One of his pleasant pranks was observed near Berryville, in the Valley, where he cut forty wagons out of a supply-train one night, and got safely off with them ; the drivers of the front and rear being entirely ignorant of the rencontre, as elsewhere mentioned. A history of the wagon-train experiences of Sheridan's campaign in the Shenandoah Valley would form a romantic story. On one occasion the Rebs got so much of the Union " salt horse " and "trimmings" that the men had to stretch two days' rations into three ; and at another time, when hard marching was in order, three days' provisions were eked out to meet five days' hunger. Then dawned the palmy era of graters made from split canteens ; meal grated out of corn in the milk, with mar- THE COLOR-SERGEANT'S BEANS. 103 vellous dishes consequent. Instead of "two women grinding at the mill," one blue blouse held the punched-canteen moiety while another grated the corn, cob, and — his knuckles; the savory viands being relished with preparations of apples just set from the blossom. If baked beans are an exponent of culture at the Hub of the Universe, stewed beans were the concomitant of patriotism and the physical basis of bravery. Beans were a strong point in the valley commissariat, and the men clung to their stews with touching tenacity. At the battle of Fisher's Hill the dish of culture and commons was intimately connected with the honor of the flag. The color-sergeant of the Fourteenth was devoted to two objects, — his country and his beans. Added to a native courage, he brought to the support of the stars and stripes that acquired, invincible steadiness always secured by a generous diet of stewed beans garnished by a sufficiency of vitriol vinegar. During the entire afternoon, while the preparations were going on for the brilliant coup a" Stat in which the battle culminated, our hero of the colors was cooking his ration of beans, and had just set him down to his most elegant stew, when " Fall in ! " — " Forward ! " were the commands which dissipated his anticipa tions. He weighed his duty against his beans, and was in doubt. It was the best quart stew he had cooked for a month. He would not desert his flag : he could not abandon his beans. As a dernier ressort, he tied his steaming, soot-black pail to his belt: the regiment filed out of the woods, formed line of battle, and advanced to the charge. The color-sergeant was observed to keep his eyes on the enemy and — that dangling pail ; and the track of the Fourteenth was strewn and marked, not so much by corpses as by beans. Fisher's Hill was won, but an excellent bean-stew was lost. Long live, in memorj'-, Virginia rails ! Thou little miracle of tin cup, kettle, oven, stewpan, teakettle, coffee-pot, drinking-cup, bean-pot, and sauce-dish, — all in one, — we would immortalize thee in verse. In one day we have used thee to boil and drink our coffee, stew sauce, cook beans, boil beef, soak hardtack, and heat water. Thou hast taught us that living may be greatly 104 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. simplified. We see thee now, between the snapping rails of a glorious camp-fire under the stars, which seem to be signalling our thoughts home to the friends who, perchance, are watching them too. Our supper is in that grimy tin kettle, and some clumsy foot has tilted the precious dish until the whole satisfac tion of the evening is jeopardized. We arrange the cup and disarrange the heedless lout. In the fragrant bubbling of that insignificant quart cup is to be seen the salvation of the Union. Camp Adirondack had just been vacated by the One Hundred and Eighteenth N.Y., and that organization evidently had not been governed by the ideas of neatness and of sanitary regula tion prevalent in the Fourteenth. At any rate, a vigorous policing was at once entered upon with manifest results. In spite of every precaution, there was a general appearance of chills; and, later, typhoid swept through the camp, and made victims of some of the finest soldierly material of which the regiment could boast. The duty of the Fourteenth in the city of Washington was more onerous than that of any previous or subsequent period in its term of service. When the regiment first arrived in the city, some opportunity was afforded for company drill ; but the details soon grew so heavy that there were never enough men in camp liable for drill, to make out of a company a decent squad ; and but twice during the entire stay in Washington was there a battalion drill. The men were being trained in the most delicate and responsible duties and trusts ever devolved upon the most trusted troops. Sunday afternoon, the 26th, dress-parade was held in the presence of a throng of visitors. Several prominent army offi cers were present, and scores of the staffs of the military and civil departments of government. Such a gathering of specta tors was a surprise and a novelty to the Fourteenth, and, in its results, produced a marked effect upon the morale of the regi ment. A new pride was aroused; and officers and men per- THE WHITE-GLOVED PETS. 105 ceived, that, as representatives of the Granite State in the capital of the nation, the Fourteenth must rise to the dignity of its opportunity. And here began what may be termed the white-glove era in the history of the organization. Henceforth, while in Washington, the men were never to appear on parade, nor on several posts of regular duty, minus white gloves. Now, the dirty, war-worn veterans of the Army of the Potomac joined hands with Sherman's bummers in not only condemning, but ridiculing, white gloves. Denunciation, sarcasm, and every epithet of contempt, were employed against bandbox heroes, parlor cadets, Lincoln's pets, etc. No exclamations of derision appeared to be quite equal to their feeling for those who had " soft places " in the allotment of duty. A regiment arriving at the front in a field campaign, fully equipped and uniformed according to regulations, was frequently hooted and jeered un mercifully by the tatterdemalion warriors, who were so far removed from the refined amenities of home-life, that they seemed to have almost forgotten that soldiers are not incapaci tated for efficient service by reason of wearing clean uniforms, and performing their duty according to regulations. There was often a reasonable pretext for the ridicule referred to. Commanding officers of regiments, who were devoid of both common sense and kindness toward the men, played the marti net in such a manner as to disgust even those who could not join in the clamor against neatness and strict discipline. The Fourteenth was happy in never being commanded by any officer who was a mere martinet. The state of opinion above delineated was partly to be ac counted for in the jealousy felt by troops at the front toward those organizations somewhat permanently located in or near some city or military station. Particularly was this true con cerning the regiments of infantry and heavy artillery stationed in and about Washington. It is to be observed, however, that contempt gave place to complacency whenever the complainants themselves secured a desirable assignment. The jealousy was natural, but the contempt and opprobrium unjust and unworthy of a Union soldier. 106 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. A slur upon a soldier, because he was enabled and ordered to dress somewhat like a gentleman, should never come from a comrade, even if the latter must lie in mud with only a shelter- tent to cover him. Some troops must perform such service, and the best troops were needed in Washington as well as at the front. Further, no regiment or number of regiments monopolized this preferred duty. In Washington, there was quite as much rotation as was consistent with efficient service. The Fourteenth did spend nine months in the capital; but its duty was much more severe, and its losses by death far greater, than on an active campaign. One fact should be remembered, a fact conspicuously illustrated by the Fourteenth. The white- glove regiments, those which marched with exactness rather than as a strung-out mob, those which for shorter or longer periods performed guard or special duty in Washington or elsewhere, regiments which were most self-respecting in all details of appearance, — these invariably made a record, when sent to the front and into battle, as brilliant for steadiness, gallantry, and reliability, as that of any which boasted of its freedom from red tape, strict discipline, and conformity to pre scribed details. Neat uniforms, polished brasses, and white gloves were necessary in Washington. In the trenches around Petersburg, or on the march to the sea, they would have been an absurdity. The location of the Fourteenth in Camp Adirondack afforded a training which admirably rounded out its military discipline, prepared it for subsequent fighting, and wonderfully enlarged its military experience. The latter consideration cannot be overestimated. Many a Union regiment served its country faithfully, heroically, but in a narrow channel of training, observation, and general martial experience. The army experi ence of the Fourteenth was so varied, covered so much terri tory, embraced so many conditions, relationships with prominent men and events, that the three years of its existence was an education for its members of inestimable value, and gave it high vantage ground for observation and comprehension of war. On the 3d of May, while the Army of the Potomac was Capt. T. A. Ripley. C/.pt. N. L. Chandler. \V$ Capt. W. E. Cobleigh. ¦Lieut. Col. O. H. Marston Lieut. A. F .Hussey. Lieut. D. H. Pillsbury. Lieut. H. P. Page. GUARDING THE JOHNNIES. 107 wrestling with treason on the Rappahannock, in the dreadful and disastrous throes of Chancellors ville, the Fourteenth took a step forward in its preparation for conflict efficiency by ex changing its old smooth-bores for a good pattern of arms, the Springfield rifle. The next day the regiment performed escort duty at the obsequies of Brigadier-Gen. Plummer, a service further referred to in the article " Music in the Army." May 7 the Fourteenth, or rather seven companies of it, — Companies K, E, and G remaining in the city, — went on a genuine picnic excursion ; and both officers and men entered thoroughly into the spirit of the occasion, and made the most of the opportunity. Orders came to march with three-days' ra tions ; and the march was soon found to mean a most agreeable railway and steamboat excursion to. Fort Delaware, via Balti more, Philadelphia, and the Delaware River, for the purpose of escorting one thousand two hundred and sixty Rebel prisoners, officers and men, to snug quarters in the stone mansion — Uncle Sam's seaside resort — in Delaware Bay. On the way, guards and prisoners fraternized without re straint or the least manifestation of animosity. The Union guards struck up some plantation melody; and the Johnnies joined heartily in the chorus, to the astonishment of most of the regiment, who had entertained no such conceptions of the possible relations of antagonistic parties engaged in a terrific struggle. Capt. Hodgdon, sitting down by a Rebel captain, remarked, " This does not look much like war ! " — " No ! " the captive officer replied. " And there is really no ill feeling be tween the men. The trouble was brought on by men in higher stations, and these poor fellows must shed their blood to settle it." The above must not be taken as the prevailing sentiment among the rank and file of the Rebel army. A large propor tion were desperately in earnest, and were animated by a spirit of indescribable bitterness toward the North. It is an unde served slur upon the Rebel troops to intimate, as has been so frequently done since the war, that they were not devoted to their Confederacy. A heavy percentage of the soldiers of the 108 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. South was just as sincere, in its support of the Lost Cause, as were the defenders of the Union ; and we may truthfully con cede, that, while they were less intelligent in their devotion, their zeal in the maintenance of the Rebellion was more intense than was the loyalty of the average Union soldier. It was fanaticism matched with a cool, educated, and unswerving national patriotism. It was at last only a question of filling mouths at the front and stopping mouths at the rear. It was, too, in the beginning, a question of flags. Could the Rebellion have been fought under the stars and stripes, it might have succeeded. The prisoners under escort were captured at Chancellorsville, were largely conscripted, and although under the redoubtable Lee, and terrible fighters, were probably as little in sympathy with the continuance of the war as any troops throughout the South. The expedition arrived in Baltimore at midnight and remained until morning, leaving for Philadelphia, which was reached at eleven o'clock A.M. Again the Fourteenth enjoyed the remarkable hospitality of the centre of Brotherly Love; and the renowned cooper-shop Soldier's Refreshment Saloon, resounded to the valiant play of the regiment's weapons of — gastronomies. The regiment, with those under its care, took boat, and sailed down the Delaware to the fort. At six p.m. of the 8th, the Fourteenth safely landed its charge in Fort Delaware, and at midnight re-embarked, arriv ing in Philadelphia at daylight, where breakfast was taken. That evening at seven o'clock the regiment was at home in Camp Adirondack, having completed one of the pleasantest trips in its history. Immediately after its arrival in Washington, the Fourteenth was assigned to duty at the Old- Capitol Prison, a notorious place of confinement for prominent Rebel officers and prisoners of state. On the very spot where a Fourteenth sentinel often trod his day and midnight beat, Mrs. Surratt, one of the con spirators in the assassination of President Lincoln, was after ward hung. The guard-duty at the Old-Capitol Prison was done by detail and not by detachment ; and such was the bur- THE OLD-CAPITOL PRISON. 109 den laid upon the men, that often the same guards were on duty every other day in addition to a march of three miles. The writer was fortunate or unfortunate enough to be num bered in the first detail which relieved the previous guard. That guard was from the One Hundred and Seventy-eighth N. Y., a Dutch regiment, and the most utterly worthless and contempti ble military crowd that ever huddled into the ranks of a battal ion. The detail from the Fourteenth reached the prison on the evening of April 22. The guard was halted in the street in front of the prison, to await the exit of the old guard, in order that the new detail might occupy the guard-room. The wait ing was greatly prolonged. The officer from the Fourteenth went inside to learn the reason for the delay ; and soon there streamed forth, heavy on the air, a volume of cursing entirely eclipsing the historic achievements of the army in Flanders. It was out-Dutching the Dutch in a manner that would have astounded Miles Standish. There being no indication of any marshalling of the Dutchmen, the detail of the Fourteenth was ordered. inside ; and the men began to look about for bunking- places. The officers of the One Hundred and Seventy-eighth grew desperate, and tried again to get their men into line. Most of them were asleep on the string of benches running round the guard-room. No command or threat produced the least effect. At last the officers went about rolling the men off the benches as though they were logs. They were slapped, kicked, and pricked out of the prison, and tumbled off to camp. At other points in the city that regiment was relieved by the Fourteenth, and something of such a ridiculous programme was re-enacted. One incident well illustrates the character of this volunteer buttress of the Union. On a certain day the morning report showed over three hundred men fit for duty. From the district headquarters a requisition was sent for a detail of a hundred men. The colonel at once replied that he could not furnish so many. His attention was called to his morning report ; to which he responded by inviting some officer to ride over to the regiment, and ascertain the cause. Lieut. C. D. Wright of the Fourteenth, on Gen. Martindale's staff, did visit the camp of 110 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. the One Hundred and Seventy-eighth ; and the spectacle pre sented perfectly satisfied him that the colonel was correct. One-third of all the men fit for duty were standing about the camp on barrels and boxes as a punishment for drunkenness and insubordination. Most of the remaining force was required to guard the offenders, while the officers were all needed to watch the guards. The Rebel prisoners in the Old Capitol were among the most intelligent of the Southern captives ; and many and sharp were the tilts between the best debaters in the Fourteenth, and the Johnny officers. The captives in this prison were as well fed as the Union guards; and yet a majority grumbled at their treatment, at the time when Yankee soldiers were being starved and murdered in Southern prison-pens. The Fourteenth per formed guard-duty at this prison until toward the close of its stay in the city, when it was relieved by the Veteran Reserve Corps. Among the officers on duty there were Capt. Hodgdon, Capt. Barker, Lieut. Hall. On the 9th of May, 1863, an order came to the regiment for a detail of one officer, two sergeants, five corporals, and forty men to report to Capt. Robinson, A.Q.M., at Sixth-street Wharf. The detail was similar to many which had previously been made, and was supposed to be for guarding Rebel prisoners, arriving from the front by steamer, from the wharf to Old-Capi tol Prison. The detail was in command of Lieut. Sturtevant, and was composed of men from nearly every company in the regiment. On arriving at the wharf, its duty was found to be of a permanent character, relieving a similar detachment of the Ninth N. J. Regiment, which had been stationed there for sev eral months. The command was quartered in barracks on Sixth Street, near the wharf, the commander having a little cottage just above them. The duties of the detachment were guarding the quartermas ter's stores, and, with the assistance of Baker's detectives, the examination of passes and baggage of all persons going to or returning from the Army of the Potomac, which was then sta tioned at Falmouth : daily communication was maintained by CRINOLINE AND WHISKEY. Ill the steamer " John Brooks," which left the wharf every morning at seven o'clock for Aquia Creek, and returned in the after noon at six o'clock. Vast amounts of sutler's supplies were daily brought to the wharf for shipment to the front, all of which had to be inspected, and checked off from invoices, before they could be passed by the guard to the pier where the steamer took on freight. Lieut. Mahaffy, of the staff of Gen. Patrick, provost-marshal of the Army of the Potomac, had charge of this inspection, being assisted by details from the detachment. The regular duties of the post were not severe ; but so many extra demands were made on the detachment, not only for guard-duty, but also for manual labor, that the detail was not, as many supposed, a " soft thing." Arrivals of steamers with prisoners, hospital-boats loaded with wounded and sick men from the front, arrived almost daily ; and the entire detachment was often on duty without relief for days in succession. The smuggling of liquor to Alexandria and Giesborough Point, to be sold to men in the camps at those places, was so profitable as to tempt many to engage in it, requiring the con tinued vigilance of all on duty. Among the devices detected for this smuggling was one practised by the apple and pie women, who were accustomed to go down on the Alexandria boat to sell their wares to the soldiers in camp and hospital. Among their goodies were invariably the long black bologna sausages, always at the bottom of the basket. One day a closer exam ination of the basket than usual disclosed a row of genuine bolognas on top, and underneath six or eight skins filled with whiskey. For a long time a richly dressed lady was no ticed coming from Alexandria two or three times a week on the government boat. She always came to take the return boat in a hack ; and the sergeant on duty observed that the driver, in helping her from the carriage, was exceedingly care ful, and that her walk to the boat was slow and labored. After close watching for several trips, it was decided to arrest the woman, and search her. The result was, the finding of eleven canteens of whiskey suspended from a belt about her waist, concealed beneath the skirts of her dress. 112 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. At the lower pier of the wharf lay the President's steamer, the "Carrie Martin," constantly under steam, and ready to start at a moment's notice ; although she left her dock but four times during the whole summer, — three times with the Presi dent and friends, and once with the Secretary of War. Nearly every officer of distinction in the Army of the Potomac passed the guard during the summer; and the sentinel's cry, "Turn out the guard — general officer !" was an almost daily occurrence. The character of the duty required of the guard, and the dis tinguished military and civil officers that frequently visited and passed them, compelled neatness in personal appearance on their part, and a prompt and intelligent performance of the service required of them. The arms and equipments of the guard were in perfect condition, and were their pride through out their entire term of service. On the 27th of June the detail at the wharf was changed, and from that date, until relieved in February, 1864, was com posed entirely of members of Company G. Lieut. Sturtevant was relieved on the 7th of November, 1863, by Lieut. Tolman of the same company. The detachment remained until the departure of the regiment from the city. During the war the military authorities made use of two prisons in the city of Washington, — the Old-Capitol Prison, east of the Capitol ; and the Central Guard-House, situated at the junction of Louisiana Avenue and Tenth Street, near Penn sylvania Avenue. The Fourteenth furnished guards for both prisons during its eleven-months' duty in Washington ; but a portion of the regiment were more familiar with the Central Guard-House than with the Old Capitol, not because they were often, or ever if I remember rightly, inmates of the prison, but because nearly every man in the regiment was brought in con tact with the prison by being on duty there. The Central Guard-House had been used as the common city-jail before the war. It was not a very strong prison, nor was it well con structed as to convenience or sanitary advantages. It was small, and looked more like the engine-house of some New- THE CENTRAL GUARD-HOUSE. 113 England fire-company than a jail. It was built of brick with stone floors, and consisted of a main building some forty feet square and two stories high, with an L extending forty or fifty feet to the rear from the centre of the building. This L was two stories high, and was divided into cells on each floor, located on each side of an alley down the centre. In the main building, on the first floor, were rooms used as offices for recep tion and trial or examination of prisoners, property-room, and guard-rooms. The second floor consisted of one large room, No. 1, into which most of the prisoners were sent at first, especially if citizens. There were usually from fifty to one hundred prisoners in this room. All kinds and grades of peo ple, from the soldier found drunk on the streets, to men arrested for murder, and even what would now be termed " suspects," found their way to the Central Guard-House. When the Fourteenth went to Washington from Poolesville in the spring of 1863, it was put upon duty as patrols, guards at bridges and ferries, military headquarters, storehouses, pris ons, etc. Capt. J. S. Cooper of the Tenth N. J. was in charge of the Central Guard-House, having under him two officers, taking twenty-four-hour tours, alternately, from noon to noon ; and an ample guard, with sergeants and other subalterns. The judge-advocate was Major J. P. Cilley of the First Me. cavalry. Capt. C. M. Merritt of the Twentieth Mass. soon relieved Major Cilley. When the Fourteenth was drawn upon to guard the prison, Sergt. Paul was made prison-sergeant. May 26 Lieuts. Stark Fellows and Carroll D. Wright were detached from the Fourteenth by order of Gen. Martindale, commander mili tary district of Washington, and detailed for duty at Central Guard-House. Lieut. Ira Berry, jun., afterwards relieved Lieut. Fellows ; and Lieut. Solomon of the One Hundred and Seventy-eighth N. Y. relieved Lieut. Wright the last of June. Lieut. Berry relieved Capt. Cooper, and was placed in charge of the prison. Other officers of the Fourteenth, among them Lieut. George F. Blanchard, were subsequently on duty at the Central Guard-House. During this summer of 1863 the prop erty-clerk was Sergt. F. C. Horner of the Seventy-sixth N. Y., 114 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. and the clerks were R. N. Washburn of Thirty-ninth Mass., J. P. Cherry of Seventy-sixth N. Y., and J. B. Davenport of Twentieth Mass. As above mentioned, the high and the low found quarters in this prison, or rather quarters were found here for them. The persons arrested by the patrols or the guards at bridges and ferries were sent here for temporary confinement. In the morn ing all parties, unless held on the orders of the war department, by Col. Baker's detective force, or by special order, were exam ined by the judge-advocate, and either returned to their regi ments, if soldiers, or over to the civil authorities if the offence for which they were arrested was against the civil law, or were held for disposition by orders. Sometimes political prisoners were confined here; and the boys will well remember four or five nice old farmers from Virginia, who were kept in a cell for several weeks, without charges being prepared, or any action taken in the matter, until one morning they were released. Honest old souls they were, and they never knew why they were made to pass three or four weeks in the vile vermin-lined cells of the Central Guard- House. One day as a colored regiment, one of the first organized, was passing up the avenue in front of the treasury, a well- known restaurant-keeper, who was looking on from the door of his elegant saloon, made some remark concerning colored troops, which was overheard by one of Baker's men, who at once arrested Mr. H., and brought him to the Central Guard-House. The high-toned prisoner was allowed the sumptuous plank seat and bed of the property-clerk's room, and was fed from his own kitchens. The officers of the Guard-House considered him to be there unjustly, as he was known to be a loyal man, and a personal friend of President Lincoln. Little Teddy Lincoln came to the prison several times to console Mr. H. In a day or two an order came down from the Secretary of War or ,the release of Mr. H., for which the boys were very sorry, as his kitchen furnished much better rations than did Uncle Sam. THE NOZZLE CURE. 115 The Island, especially that portion known as " Murder Bay," kept the prison well supplied with tenants. Scarcely a night passed that some serious assault, if not murder, did not occur in this quarter, and many a bloody and broken head was brought in by the patrols. The city police and the patrols were not on the best of terms ; and the patrols were obliged to preserve the peace, as well as see that soldiers were not abroad without passes. The guard-house was an uncomfortable place for a drunken man, especially if fighting drunk. A good dose of Potomac water, applied through a hose upon the naked person of a drunken man, had a most beneficial effect. It not only took out all sore ness resulting from exposure to the night air, but it took out all conceit. A man full of rum, after this invigorating and health ful treatment, was a soberer and a cleaner man, and, if not tractable, was willing, after the second or third treatment, to tell where he obtained his liquor ; and the party supplying the prisoner was generally as much astonished at the results of the bath as was the soldier taking it. When sober the man was sent to his regiment, under guard, with a letter from the officer on duty stating all the circumstances. No. 1, the general reception-room, presented an exceedingly cosmopolitan appearance at all times, with its hundred or so cut-throats, thieves, and other ruffians. The calling of the roll in this room on a hot summer morning was not a very pleas ant duty. At the door were two sentinels, with loaded pieces and bayonets fixed. The officer on duty, with the clerk, would go into the room, have all the prisoners arranged on one side of the room; and then, as the clerk called the roll, the officer would see that each man, on answering to his name, stepped out, and passed to the other side. The ugly glances, the character of the prisoners, the slight guard, were circumstances which did not tend to heighten the pleasure of roll-call in this department. Many will remember one man, held for murder, Giacomi An- tonelli, who made three attempts to take the lives of prisoners. Such desperadoes served to keep the officers and men on the alert. The Central Guard-House being only a prison for deten- 116 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. tion of arrested parties, we did not, except by accident or neglect, have prisoners with us for a long time ; hence attempts to escape were not very frequent, or very desperate, although some were made. Room No. 1 looked out on the avenue : and friends of parties confined would sometimes, although warned to keep away, make signs to those inside ; this usually resulted in the outside man or woman taking a day or two inside, a proceeding which taught them the foolishness of disobeying orders. Lieut. Berry was in command at the Central Guard-House some six months, and, while there, was commissioned captain of Company H. A single incident in connection with the Central Guard-House well illustrates the quality of the service rendered by the Four teenth in Washington. One morning, when the general ar raignment took place of all the prisoners captured by the patrols during the preceding twenty-four hours, the long list was smoothly disposed of until an " ugly drunk " was reached, a vicious specimen of a boy in blue. Sergt. A. B. Colburn of Company F was in charge of the squad of prisoners. When he reached the one in question, he ordered him to give up his valuables for record and safe-keeping. The prisoner insolently refused. After a second command and a more emphatic defi ance, the sergeant reached down into the culprit's pockets, when he struck the sergeant a smart blow. Without uttering a word, Sergt. Colburn seized the fellow by the collar with one hand, and dashed him to the floor, jerking him upon his feet again before he could know what the performance meant. This sudden discipline was so effective as to largely neutralize the " commissary whiskey," and he became at once as docile as a lamb. While the duty performed at the Central Guard-House does not constitute a very bright spot in the experience of the Fourteenth, it was certainly an interesting experience. When ordered to active service, the prison was left without regret. One of the stations occupied by the Fourteenth was that at Benning's Bridge over the Eastern Branch, near the Navy Yard. Capt. D. A. Macurdy. Capt. J. N. Bruce. Capt. F. M. Rhodes. Lieut. J. W. Russell. Lieut. G. D. Richardson. Lieut. F. Wheeler. LINE '"OFFICERS. NAVY-YARD BRIDGE. 117 It was an important post, holding the key to communication with south-eastern Maryland, one of the most pestiferous and rampant sections of virtual Rebeldom, though nominally in the Union. Capt. Hodgdon, Lieut. Hall, and other officers of the regiment, commanded the detachment. A sharp lookout was kept here for contraband goods, espe cially liquors ; as a cavalry-camp on the other side of the river offered a ready market for whiskey, and the prices paid rendered the trade profitable. All sorts of stratagems were resorted to by the smugglers. Loaves of bread were hollowed to contain canteens, and demijohns were frequently concealed in loads of stable manure : these were detected by means of a long sword, used as a probe. One Irish woman was captured with about five gallons of whiskey suspended in canteens from her belt, and in bottles in a number of pockets. Her load was so heavy that her walk led to her detection. One sergeant of Company B became so expert in searching for liquor, that it was a shrewd smuggler who could pass him with even a pint bottle. No one was allowed to cross the bridge without passes. This is the bridge crossed by Booth after his assassination of President Lincoln. May 27 a detachment from Companies C and F, under com mand of Lieut. Fosgate, entered upon guard-duty at G-street Wharf, at the west side of the city, directly opposite the grounds of the celebrated Arlington House. This wharf was the northerly government landing, about one mile above Long Bridge, and was used by the commissary department. The quarters of the men were in a low, long building at the water's edge ; and such quarters ! Immense wharf-rats and every breed and style of rats, also all imaginable species of active vermin, enlivened the tedium of guarding great warehouses of hard tack, beef, and pork. When the quarters were measurably cleaned and made tolerable, the little detachment at G-street Wharf settled down to a rather enjoyable service, the com mander being genial and accommodating, so that the men, while held strictly to the performance of duty, were granted many pleasant favors. Sergt. A. B. Colburn of Company F was, 118 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. during a portion of the time, sergeant of the guard at that post. The detachment performed duty at this wharf until fall. June 7 Lieut. Berry and Sergt. S. L. Gerould, with the ne cessary guard, made a trip to Philadelphia, guarding twenty prisoners, and delivering them safely, beside making of it an agreeable excursion. It was observed by the Washington authorities, that provost guard-duty was being done by the Fourteenth in a manner not previously witnessed ; and the reliability of the men was highly appreciated. Smuggling was almost wholly stopped; and, when ten picked men from the regiment were put into citizen's clothes as special detectives, the results they attained were entirely satisfactory. One notable feature of the regiment's life in Washington was the entire absence of any camp-guard, save that in front of headquarters and over the commissary stores, throughout the entire term of its service in that city. There was every temptation, in such a city at such a period, to the men; but the officers had very little trouble with un authorized absences from camp. Passes were granted as freely as the necessities of the service would permit, each soldier being required to report at head quarters on his return. Who can forget the drunken gravity and remarkable erectness and assumed steadiness of a few fa miliar characters as they marched up to the colonel's tent to report? They had very inartistically mixed Loeffler's lager and commissary whiskey ; but they wanted the colonel to under stand that they had returned sober, and fit for duty. The Fourteenth was drawn into the outer circle of the great maelstrom of 1863, whose centre was set to seething by the Rebel commander in his northward movement for one grand ingulfment of the Union cause. He made no failure in the perfecting of his whirlpool, but the ship which finally plunged into it was not the one he planned for. Early in June, Gen. Lee organized his celebrated invasion of the free States. On the 13th Ewell's and Longstreet's corps were well into the Shenandoah Valley, moving from Warrenton Junction through Manassas Gap. In fact, the entire Rebel RAID ON WASHINGTON. 119 army of Northern Virginia, consisting of ninety-one thousand infantry, twelve thousand cavalry, and the finest complement of field-artillery that was ever mustered by any army during the war. Gen. Hooker, with the Army of the Potomac, moved northward, east of the Blue Ridge, keeping his army between Lee and the city of Washington ; but he was nearly a week behind his wily foe. To confront Lee, Hooker, after drawing from Gen. Heintzel- man, in the defences of Washington, all but eleven thousand efficient men, had barely a hundred thousand fit for duty. The cause of the Union and the faith of the people touched nearer down to utter hopelessness during the week preceding the 4th of July, 1863, than at any other period of the war. The heroic but oft-beaten Army of the Potomac was being led on a wild- goose chase by Lee, and was exerting its supreme energy to cover Washington and Baltimore ; Milroy, annihilated at Win chester, put the climax upon the defeats of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville ; Hooker displaced by Meade in the hour of a fearful emergency ; Grant in the toils of Pemberton and the treacherous bayous at Vicksburg ; Banks helpless before Port Hudson ; and Rosecrans idle for six months in Middle Tennessee, — such was the military position which pressed on the anxious heart of President Lincoln and upon a despondent North throughout that dreadful week. Hooker crossed the Potomac near Edward's Ferry, and, when he could not induce Halleck to give him the eleven thousand men on Maryland Heights, resigned his command ; Gen. Meade succeeding him. J. E. B. Stuart, whose audacity was his chief clement of success, crossed the Potomac, northward, at Seneca, the 28th, thus putting his small cavalry force between the Union army and Washington, building his camp-fires within sight of that city. A little after midnight, on the 29th, the Fourteenth was hur ried up to Fort Stevens, north of the city, to repel the threat ened raid on Washington ; but, if such a move was ever seriously contemplated, it was quickly abandoned. The Fourteenth lay in line of battle until daylight, and was then marched back to 120 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. camp. Before the regiment started upon its return, Capt. Hodgdon accosted' the colonel, inquiring how he had rested the preceding night. The colonel replied, " Not very well : I had to sleep in a dry-goods box, and it was about four inches too short." Since the war, reports have appeared in the newspapers of a conspiracy to capture Washington about this time. The story was sensational in some of its particulars, positively false in others, and altogether improbable as told. The statement, that Secretary Stanton was entirely ignorant of the plot, accompa nied by the admission that Baker's detectives — Baker was but Stanton's secret agent — exposed the conspiracy, brings suspi cion upon the entire account. In the latter part of June, Lieut. C. P. Hall was detailed in charge of one division of the Invalid Detachment, and Lieut. Holbrook of Company B in charge of another. The soldiers in the hospitals were assigned to these detachments as soon as they were able to do light duty, — nursing, guarding around hospitals, driving ambulances, etc., and remained in them until ready to enter the field again. Lieut. Hall's division, number ing from four hundred to six hundred and fifty, included five hospitals. His duties comprised the making-out of daily reports from all the hospitals under his charge, issuing of passes to the city, clothing, etc. Some of the men in this detachment had not been with their regiments for months, and there were long arrears of pay due them. Although it was not a part of his work, Lieut. Hall performed a great deal of arduous labor in looking up the pay-rolls, etc., and getting the pay for the men, — a service which was none the less valuable because it was unrecognized and unrewarded. July 2 Lieut. Tolman, with twenty-five men, started down the Potomac on the steamer "Diamond State," with a squad of deserters in irons. These men, recreant members of various Union regiments, had been court-martialled and sentenced, mostly to hard labor in the Rip-Raps, then the common prison of Union soldier criminals. The weather was fine, the escape from the city heat refreshing, and every point of interest was DOWN THE POTOMAC. 121 viewed with zest and enjoyment. To every boy in blue, save those in irons between decks, this trip down the historic Poto mac was one of the most delicious expeditions of their lives. Past Alexandria, where the gallant Ellsworth was shot by a cowardly Southern traitor ; sweeping round the bend at Fort Washington ; then, with solemn toll of bell, sailing by Mount Vernon and the tomb of Washington ; meeting government ves sels of every style and lading ; to and away from Aquia Creek, the great base of supplies for the Army of the Potomac while feeling after the back-bone of the Rebellion ; leaving Point Lookout well on the port-bow — the celebrated camp for Rebel prisoners of war, and the point where the Potomac empties into the Chesapeake, — every bend and fresh phase of landscape was a revelation of some striking scene in the sublime panorama of the civil war, which never ceased to fill with wonder the minds of those who were most intimately connected with its active operations. Late in the evening of the 3d, the dark walls of Fortress Monroe loomed up ; but it was too late to gain admission to the fort that night, so the steamer anchored in the offing. On the morning of July 4 the detachment of the Fourteenth entered the celebrated fortress, and delivered up its manacled charge. It was the first anniversary of American independence which those volunteers had passed in the service of their country, and it was one of the most impressive they had ever experienced. The thunder-peals of the great cannon at noon, as the national salute was fired; the parade of the exquisitely dressed and accoutred regulars; the ponderous casemates; the monster guns mounted en barbette; the massive walls of this noted monument of the Old Dominion, — every feature of the military and naval landscape, spread out from Capes Charles and Henry to Hampton Roads, Newport News, and Norfolk, was calculated to impress and thrill the patriotic soldier. The luxuries of life were indulged in that day, surf-bathing of the rarest quality being among the reminiscences of the Independence Day cherished by the members of the expedi tion. Their pleasure would have been enhanced to the level of 122 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. ecstasy could they have heard the booming of the guns at Vicksburg, — surrendered that day, — and the wild shouts re sounding over Cemetery Hill in Gettysburg, where the three- days' desperate conflict was at that very hour culminating in a triumph which was a blow at treason as significant of final doom as it was of immediate disaster. At five o'clock that evening the detachment went on board an elegant and fast steamer for Baltimore ; the boat arriving in the Monumental City early Sunday morning, July 5. There the detachment remained all day, a portion of the men attend ing church, while the remainder occupied the railroad station. At six o'clock p.m. the train was boarded ; and the forty-mile run was made in two hours, the men arriving in camp in season for the melodies of tattoo. In July, Capt. Hodgdon was detailed with a guard of about thirty men to take a number of prisoners, — Union soldiers, — mostly deserters, to their regiments at the front. They were confined at Georgetown. One man, a large, powerful fellow, was pointed out to the captain as having been sent to the front three times, but always managing to make his escape. He was called out, and informed that he had better be prepared for death, as his time would be short if he attempted \o leave the ranks. Orders were given to shoot him if he attempted to desert. He was delivered safely at Brandy Station. Arriving at Alexandria about three o'clock in the morning on the return trip, application was made at the quartermaster s department for transportation to Washington. Being offered some "box-cars" standing on the track, in a filthy condition, having been used to transport cattle, the captain indignantly replied, " Perhaps you did not fully comprehend my order. These are not cattle, but men, and must have transportation as such." He was finally provided with platform-cars ; and, as the night was warm and the distance short, the ride was not uncomfortable. The duty of the Fourteenth, while in Washington, was not only varied, but widely extended. Different detachments were sent to New Hampshire on recruiting-duty, having charge there RECRUITING IN NEW HAMPSHIRE. 123 of enlisted recruits as well as conscripts and substitutes for nearly all of the New-Hampshire regiments. The emergencies of a protracted struggle had necessitated a draft : and a reckless, almost worthless, element was being enlisted into the Union army, known as bounty-jumpers ; the substitutes for drafted men being largely of the same character. July 20 Lieut. Fosgate of F, and Sergt. Stowell of I, with five or six men, proceeded to Concord, to the military rendezvous. The personnel of the detachment was changed at different times during its service ; Lieut. Sargent relieving Lieut. Fosgate, and Sergt. Martin of F being also detailed for that duty. This detail was considered especially fortunate, as the detachment was in its native State, and short furloughs for visiting home were granted. This detail not only had general charge of the recruiting rendez vous, but proceeded to different parts of the country in charge of squads of recruits for nearly all of the New-Hampshire regi ments in the field. August 26 the first squad of conscripts arrived in Concord. September 9 Sergt. Stowell took the first detachment of these recruits to Boston, en route for the front. Of course the men entered the service, many of them, with the intention of desert ing. Of the first two who attempted it by jumping from the train, one was shot and the other escaped. During one trip on the " Forest City " to Morris Island with nine hundred recruits on board, a desperate attempt was made to burn the steamer. December 14 a large squad was taken to Covington, Ky. When the recruits were sent to the front in charge of these picked guards, the loss from desertion was comparatively small : it was under escort of the Invalid Corps that the wholesale stampedes occurred. January 1, 1864, another detachment went to Ken tucky, in charge of Fourteenth men, but with Invalid-Corps guards. The next morning after the arrival, more than one hundred had decamped, to earn another substitute bounty. Other trips were made to Boston, New York, Fortress Monroe, and Paris, Ky. January 26 the rendezvous was broken up, and on February 1 the Fourteenth detachment reported in camp. One of the most pretentious expeditions undertaken by the 124 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Fourteenth while in Washington was that to the Rebel prison ers' camp on Johnson's Island in the harbor of Sandusky, O., on Lake Erie. Major Duncan, with a detail of two hundred men from the regiment, started from Washington on July 31, 1863, with a hundred and ten Rebel officers, captured at Gettys burg and adjacent points of conflict. The expedition proceeded via Baltimore ; and at midnight of the first day, near York, Penn., an accident occurred, which came alarmingly near to an escapade of all the prisoners, and a serious catastrophe to all on board the train. Soon after leaving a station, the train left the track because of a turned switch : and but for the fact that it had not attained full headway, a frightful' accident must have resulted, as the locomotive was stopped on the verge of a high embankment with a rocky stream-bed below. The writer was aroused by being unceremoniously hurled head first against the saloon partition ; and, with several thumps and more shakes, the train came to a halt. In the confusion of the moment half of the prisoners might have escaped into the darkness; but, by appearances, few had any inclinations in that direction : and Pennsylvania was a poor State for escaped Rebel officers. Had the affair been located back in Maryland, a goodly number of those leaders of Southern chivalry would never have seen San dusky in that party. The derailed train lay helpless until morn ing, the guards having been promptly formed in a cordon about the cars. The valley of the Susquehanna roused the enthusiasm of guards and captives. Harrisburg and contiguous scenery, with all the celebrated landscapes throughout the length of the Key stone State, were passed and admired in turn. The famous horse-shoe bend among the mountains furnished all the excite ment which could be desired ; and it was the general opinion, that an experience of twenty-seven miles in thirty-one minutes, whirling round bends with chasms hundreds of feet deep gap ing in awful precipices at their feet, is something never to be encored. Saturday night, the 1st of August, the expedition plunged into a hill- walled basin, and a dense bank of smoke and soot, — called Pittsburg. A pleasant feature of our visit to that THE IMMORTAL COZZENS. 125 city was the immediate departure. On the afternoon of the 2d the ultimate destination was reached : and, with an impro vised escort and local music, the line was formed ; the column marched to the boat plying to the island, with all Sandusky crowding the streets to enjoy the great show. The briefest sort of a stop was made on the island ; the pris oners were turned over ; and the detachment at once started on its- return trip, which was accomplished with speed and safety; Camp Adirondack being reached late Monday night, August 3. The commander complimented the men on the excellent disci pline maintained throughout the journey. The months of July and August told severely on the health of the regiment; two of the best men in Company F — D. T. Swan and H. J. McClenning — dying in one week of typhoid fever ; and other companies suffered as severely. The remarka ble cleanliness maintained throughout the camp and by the men personally went far to secure the general health, and render possible the uniform good showing of the morning reports. There were volunteer organizations which boasted of their " daughter of the regiment." In some regiments there were pet drummer-boys ; others had dogs ; some cherished cats, and even squirrels. The most famous regimental pet, probably, was "Old Abe," the celebrated eagle of the Eighth Wis. Una bashed by the illustrious array, the Fourteenth boldly asserts its pre-eminence. What one among the grand enumeration of Union battalions can boast of its " Cozzens " ? Cozzens was a character. Not simply singular, but sui generis. And still we feel that the Latin, and, in fact, all dead and live languages, are inadequate to locate Cozzens. His appearance would not indicate ability sufficient to tell the difference be tween hard-tack and soft bread, but appearances were never more radically at fault. This Cozzens was smart enough to fool the colonel, dupe the lieutenant-colonel, delude the major, and completely obfuscate the adjutant; and, as though that was not a circumstance in his line, he succeeded in cheating the whole regiment by his adroit and original tactics. 126 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Cozzens carried his greatness in the seed, so to speak, for some time after the Fourteenth entered the service. We can now discern that he was waiting for the precise fructifying soil essential to such a germination. He got along as far as the plant stage in Poolesville, but his audacious rascality never found an atmosphere for full bloom until Washington was reached* That highly moral city, abounding in masculine tem perance and female virtue, was a very garden of Eden to Cozzens ; but he entered a good while after the fall, and the number of flaming swords was not of the slightest consequence to Cozzens. If he had any brass in his constitution, — and his manoeuvres were the brassiest of all brassy, — it was somehow precipitated internally ; as that nletal, which is supposed to ap pertain chiefly to insurance agents and drummers, was, in his case, so deftly overlaid with a human-clay coating of insignifi cant modesty, that no one could suspect such a characterless exterior of being the clothing of so fertile an imagination and the disguise of such disorderly purposes. One of Dickens's characters, Joey Bagstock, in delineating himself to Mrs. Skewton, exactly describes the character hero of the Fourteenth Regiment. " He's tough, ma'am, tough, is J. B. Tough, and de-vil-ish sly." There was nothing so irk some to Cozzens as the limitations of a regimental camp. He appeared to delight in a wide range of thought, observation, and — creature comforts. The heroic qualities in Cozzens's organization always shone forth outside of military rules, regulations, and duties. He was an active man, but never active in the ranks. If a detail for severe duty was being made, Cozzens was never to be found. He early learned that the sick dodge was unreliable, and entirely unworthy of the Cozzen genius. He had a very simple method of dodging the official lightning, — he wasn't there when it struck. Probably, however, he was able to recall one notable exception to the above statement. We do not affirm that Cozzens was specially the pet, or in any sense the hero, of the regiment ; yet he was more conspicuous than the Fourteenth's bravest ones, and he received more extraordinary attentions from the principal officers than any universal pet could even aspire to. A BUMMER'S TRICKS. 127 There was an air of mystery around much of Cozzens's manoeu vring ; and he never rose to the level of doing a brilliant act, save as the brilliancy consisted wholly in the admirable secrecy of a move which would have been of no account whatever if another had done it openly. Before the regiment came to Washington, Cozzens had found it positively necessary to be absent from camp with suspicious frequency ; and he csriously enough often remained away over night. At one time he was supposed to have either deserted, or been murdered by bush whackers ; and there was enough of mild interest in his fate to occasion some little discussion as to the alternative probabilities. But Cozzens turned up safely — that was one of his tricks ; and to curious inquiries he always replied, " None of your business." He was no blabber, — revealed no secrets. To the ordinary official investigator he was ready with, " I was out on private business." While that was indisputably true, it was not entirely satisfactory to the relentless powers supreme. When Cozzens got really down to hard pan, and turned his innermost heart inside out before his captain, the whole affair was stripped of mystery, and reduced to the tamest/ commonplace. He had merely absented himself from camp to see his cousin. It was a singular circumstance, perhaps, that his cousin should have resided just where he was handiest to the Poolesville camp ; but every thing was explained, and Cozzens was no longer a sphinx. And yet one side of his genius lay in his secretiveness. In contemplating this character of the regiment, it may be inferred from previous statements that Cozzens had his weak nesses. Indeed, an unbiassed judgment might lean toward the theory that he was a very vulgar fraction, and always engaged in reducing himself to his lowest terms without once making an error in his calculations. Yes, Cozzens may have had h''s weaknesses ; but no one can justly charge him with any vices, for how can that be termed a vice which is in perfect harmony with one's moral nature? Cozzens was fond of the flowing bowl ; but he always deferred to morality in the matter of example, and invariably absented himself from his comrades, and rejoiced in solitary conviviality. 128 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. He had haunts of his own ; and, if he mated at all in his peculiar glee, that mate was no comrade in arms. Cozzens never seemed happy when in camp. An exception must be noted to the statements in this paragraph. Cozzens did have a companion, and a most congenial one. It was Kamet. Now, Kamet was sent to watch Cozzens ; and their spirits so flowed together — there were after-evidences of a remarkable flow of spirit — that Kamet returned to camp, and reported that his friend was all right. He was the recognized butt and universal target all along the line, from A to G ; and the gravest member of the Fourteenth, who frowned upon all levity, would venture to poke fun at Cozzens. He was easily angered, and his puerile sputterings and dwarfed profanity only made more apparent his comical littleness. Soon after the regiment arrived in Washington, Cozzens began to develop his remarkable strategy. He was arraigned for absence without leave. He persisted. He was put upon extra duty. To teach an army mule melody would have been as profitable as the imposition of double duty upon Cozzens. He was taken to the Central Guard-House, and given one of those cooling baths with the hydrant at full head. He yelled like a man in death agony, and — sneaked out of camp the next night. Shakspeare makes Hamlet affirm his willingness to swallow a crocodile in proof of his love for Ophelia. This extraordinary test is equalled, if not surpassed, by the feats which Cozzens would perform in order to get drunk in his own unique way. The time soon came when by no common artifice or trick could he get down to the city. But he was equal to the emergency. The startling news flew through the camp that Cozzens was married, and his wife was in the city. The rumor did not, apparently, originate with our hero. Yet he soon secured a pass to visit his wife. Said pass was given on condition that he should return on time and sober. Of course he did neither, though it was greatly to his credit that he usually was in the diminuendo of a carousal when he appeared before the colonel's tent. A REMARKABLE FUNERAL. 129 Having a wife soon ceased to be a trump-card with Cozzens. To change the figure, he advanced his second line ; and the assault was successful. He must go to the city, for his wife was sick, and had sent for him. In tears and piteous pleading he stood before the colonel, and begged for leave to go. Col. Wil son was not a hard-hearted man, and he would not separate husband and wife in a time of such affliction. Cozzens got his pass ; and he got a good many of them for the next month, for his wife grew no better : and his prolonged absences were some what pardonable under the circumstances. From a host of sympathizing comrades he was met at every turn with inquiries as to his wife's condition. But there is a limit to a wife's allow able illness in time of war ; at least, that was the conclusion of the officers of the Fourteenth. Cozzens's devoted ministrations to his sick wife were summarily stopped. Now came the crucial hour in Cozzens's military career. Would he succumb? Not a bit of it ! He ordered up his re serves, and triumphed. Once more he stood before headquarters, and asked for a pass. It was peremptorily refused. His counte nance was solemn. It was manifest that he was in deep grief. He informed the colonel in broken sentences that his poor wife was dead, and her funeral was set for that afternoon ; and he thought it rather hard not to be able to pay the last sad honors to her. The colonel felt so too, and Cozzens marched out of camp. It took him three days to bury his wife ; and he had evidentl}r struggled hard to bury or drown his grief, and he looked as though he had taken poor whiskey enough to drown himself. Cozzens was arrested, and an investigation followed. It was ascertained, first, that Cozzens did not attend his wife's funeral at all; second, his wife was not dead; third, she was not even sick; fourth, he had no wife in the city or anywhere else. And still, as a funeral had been planned for, Adjutant Gardi ner thought there should be one, and Cozzens should be chief mourner. A procession was organized; the 'dejected widower was trimmed with crape ; the scraggiest mule in the corral was brought out, and bedecked in the same mourning symbols ; Coz- 130 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. zens, with hands pinioned behind, was tied on the mule's bare back, his face toward the animal's tail ; a suitable placard covered the mourner's back. Behind him was a corporal's guard marching at reverse arms, while the fife and drum sounded out the significant melody of the Rogue's March. Through the camp for an hour this strangest of all absurd pro cessions paraded, the conspicuous mourner receiving many tender tributes of the popular regard. Cozzens's spirit was not broken, but his stock in trade was greatly diminished. He had reached the zenith of his glory, and thenceforth sunk to ward the level of the commonplace. September 12 a change occurred in the field and staff of the regiment : Major Duncan having resigned, Adjutant Gardiner was promoted to be major ; while the position of adjutant was for some time vacant. On the 17th of October the troops about Washington, and of course throughout the country, were thrilled by the call of President Lincoln for three hundred thousand more men to swell the armies of the Union. It was an evidence of the un bending determination of the government to crush the power which called itself a Confederacy. The next day the regiment was inspected by Col. Wilson, and the day closed with a fine dress-parade. DRESS-PARADE. A dress-parade is the culminating military spectacle. It is the poetry of tactics, the mathematical perfection of soldierly display. There is nothing of the imposing grandeur of an army-corps review : the sublime inspiration of the battle-field, with its crashing tumults and heroic struggles, is not even hinted at, save as the portentous steadiness and terrible re serve power, masked in the quietness of a battalion at parade- rest, may suggest the lion crouching for a spring, — a prophecy of invincible energy yet under the potent check of discipline. But there is a rounded completeness in the spectacle as a whole, DRESS-PARADE. 131 a charm and beauty in every tributary movement and motion, which is surpassingly attractive. This parade harmonizes with the most peaceful rural land scape, and is inspiring on the tented field. It is the most criti cal test of military efficiency and thorough drill : it is the finest illustration of the accuracy of tactical Tesults, and the unity of a military organization. For those in command it is a practical inspection ; and for all, field and line officers, rank and file, it is, if properly conducted, a welcome vesper festival, fittingly rounding out the duties of the day. But there are elements outside the regiment itself essential to the ideal parade. The parade-ground must not be sand wiched between cramped and disagreeable environments. A pack of stray dogs and half a dozen woolly-headed urchins are not spectators of an inspiring sort. Nor can an ideal parade be formed on the finest square or park of a great city with thousands of observers crowding the color-line, pressing the flanks, and generally obstructing the formation and the view. No ! the veteran in blue beholds the brilliant evolutions, beauti ful marching, and admirable steadiness of crack regiments among the militia resulting from the war ; but his mind reverts to camps and campaigns of that terribly glorious era of the Re bellion, and the grandest pageants of later times lack the genu ine flavor of those inspiring lines of battle in open order, when grasp of musket muzzle and immobility of pose brought an entire battalion into a magnificent and ominous oneness. There is a fascination in every stage of the parade we describe, from the first note of preparation to the closing tableaux. The drummers beat first the musician's call, then 'the assem bly on the color-line ; and the stereotyped warning of the orderly-sergeant follows, " Company A fall in for dress-parade ! " Then there are brought forth the white gloves and the bright ened brasses of accoutrements ; boots are polished ; and the doughty warrior issues from his stockade or tent, cleaned up, and respectable in attire for half an hour in the day, if no more. There is always some laggard who cannot find his gun or belt or some other item of equipment ; then there is the inevitable 132 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. dispute for position on the left; and it required exactly "three years or during the war" to convince certain of our country's defenders that somebody must stand at the foot and in the rear rank. From our own and adjacent companies come the " One, two, ope, two," of the " count twos," the growling bass and piping falsetto, together with the comic emphasis of some odd genius, varying the monotony of the proceeding. With a " present arms ! " the orderly receives the captain, loses his temporary importance, and steps into the ranks. And just at this point and time the company commander vindicates himself as a man, a martinet, or an imbecile in uni form ; and the men will very quickly and accurately place him. The men in the ranks almost invariably desired to be proud of their officers, especially their company captains ; and those offi cers who generously appreciated their men, and who understood that the superior rank was a military necessity, and not indica tive of essential and permanent distinctions of worth, — such leaders were held in all honor by their rank and file. There was no better occasion for taking the accurate gauge of a company officer than the few minutes elapsing between the adjutant's call at dress-parade and the call to form on the colors. In each company street the commander and lieuten ants appeared before their men in full dress. The self-poise and easy carriage of the gentleman were not more manifest than the conscious inferiority, awkwardness, and even vulgarity of him who had more sash than sense, and who was often either an official harlequin, a mediocre puppet, or a shrewd, characterless owner of a pair of shoulder-straps. One officer, while waiting for the signal, would browbeat his com pany, pay off a score or two on an old or new grudge with some private or non-commissioned officer. He would put the com pany through a rapid execution of the manual, face them more Ways than he did himself when seeking his commission, striving to catch some blunderer in a mistake, and evidently enjoying the consequent mortification. He delivered stern lectures to his men when, perhaps, he would have done well to listen to a total-abstinence address ; and, in general, he conducted himself TESTING AN OFFICER. 133 in such a way as to degrade his sword, and inspire an, almost universal hatred, not contempt, for a smart officer never engen dered that sentiment in the army ; and most of this class of im perious disciplinarians were smart, — a little too smart. Another style of officer strove to be popular in his company, and he — didn't know how. He condescended to his men ; he patronized them ; told them stories in line ; dropped honey from his lips upon every file ; sometimes played the buffoon, — always with success; professed to despise red tape, and cer tainly taught the best of his men to despise him as an officer ; while the remainder voted him, not much of a military man, but a jolly good fellow. In another company we find the officers well balanced, digni fied, full of suavity, appreciating good discipline, ever kind to the men, maintaining the proper reserve, and winning the re spect, even love, of their command. All of these diversities of volunteer official character shone out in the company streets for the brief interval alluded to, as the sun lent its last rays to enhance the closing pageant of the day. This occasion was the best for the company commander's show of power; and as he use'd his opportunity, so was his military stature and personal worth recorded by a body of men too intelligent and discriminating to allow of their judgments being ignored with impunity. As the band strikes up on the right, and the colors, with their guard, march to the line of parade, the spectacle is sufficiently stirring to move the dullest observer. It is just before sunset ; the music is both martial and patriotic ; two or three other regiments in the brigade are also in line for the evening dress-parade ; the near and distant drum-corps ; the far-off bugle-call of some cavalry squadron ; the rumbling of a light battery galloping into camp from an afternoon's target practice ; while on the regimental parade- ground the companies are being put through some preliminary evolutions ; the marching and counter-marching, converging and unfolding, of companies marching in line, or by either flank, — every particular, and the grand aggregate, of this expanded view enliven and make brilliant the occasion. 134 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. A good adjutant and a stylish sergeant-major always made a noticeable impression on dress-parade. In this respect the Fourteenth Regiment was fortunate throughout its history. Who will ever forget the shrill tenor commands, " Attention, battalion ! " " Prepare to open ranks ! " " To the rear — open order — march ! " as we listened to them at Offutt's Cross Roads, Poolesville, and Camp Adirondack ? But the surpassing charm of those parades early in our three years of service lay in the drum-corps and band-music of the hour. We were proud of that band. It was not a first-class musical organization, but it was the best we knew of then ; and its playing was excellent. We were fond of the burly, whole- souled leader ; and we became attached to the physiognomy of every member. Yes, the high private who tailed the bass drum, and boasted (when away) that he played in the band ; his ram rod erectness and solemn tread, — became a cherished feature of the programme. The entire regiment heartily enjoyed the slow-time music of the band passing down the front, and the quick measures of the return march. The parade formed, the drill in the manual, the marshalling of the first sergeants to report, the march of the line-officers to receive the colonel's instruction, the dismissal of the parade, and the eager marching into camp, breaking ranks, throwing off of equipments, and falling into line for rations, — these incidents, following each other in a panorama most im pressive to the young soldier, come to mind vividly after the lapse of years. Long Bridge, crossing the Potomac at the foot of Maryland Avenue, was the great outlet from Washington into Virginia, and toward the Army of the Potomac when it was in the vicinity of the capital. To and from Alexandria, Camp Dis tribution, and the great forts constituting the south-western de fences of Washington, there flowed a constant tide of officers, detachments, ambulance and wagon trains, besides recruits, AT LONG BRIDGE. 135 stragglers, and nondescript civilians. It was found necessary, in the autumn of 1863, to station a more efficient guard at the south or Virginia end of the bridge. On the evening of Octo ber 19, Capt. Ripley, with some seventy men, beside Lieut. Fosgate and Sergts. Holmes, Colburn, Morrill, and Martin, marched to relieve the detachment on duty at that post. The incidents of that march are, doubtless, forcibly impressed upon the memories of the squad. The passage across Long Bridge, at night, was calculated to impress the imagination; but there was nothing poetical in what transpired after the des tination was reached, at eleven o'clock at night. Again the Fourteenth encountered the imbecile One Hundred and Sev enty-eighth N. Y., and the same performance was begun which has been previously described of the Old-Capitol Prison relief. But Capt. Ripley was not exactly in a mood to be trifled with, and the officer of the One Hundred and Seventy-eighth found his match in every respect. For a few minutes there was a wide margin for an ugly encounter, and the temper of the Four teenth boys was in no wise averse to it ; but, after a great deal of boisterous cursing, the Dutchmen were got out of doors, most of them being good-natured, but contemptible, soldiers. The attempt to right dress them before starting rounded off the absurdities of the situation ; and the incoming squad, with the exception of the first detail, turned in. And such a turning in ! The writer picked his bunk, but was no sooner into it than a big rat burrowed in one of his trousers' legs. His bunk-mate was worse off; for, before he got fairly settled to rest, two of the lusty, long-tailed vermin raced down his back inside his shirt. That pastime was speedily tabooed. The detachment settled down to a four and a half months' service at this post, — a service relieved of monotony by the ever varying crowds surging along that great thoroughfare of war. The discipline maintained by Capt. Ripley was of the strictest sort, the off reliefs of the guard being required to sleep in the guard-room with accoutrements always on. When a general officer approached, the guard was nearly always turned out, aligned, and standing at present arms when 136 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. the cavalcade passed. However distasteful and burdensome these minutice of service seemed to the men, it must be con ceded that one advantage resulted ; i.e., the alertness, readiness, and efficiency of the men were remarkably developed. Fort Albany lay just beyond ; trains to and from Alexandria were continually passing, as Long Bridge is used for railroad and vehicle communication ; the music of drum-corps and bands from the line of fortifications crowning Arlington Heights ; the gay kaleidoscope of vessels crowding into Wash ington with the munitions of war; the tread of the Union legions pressing to the strife, — these elements of the great conflict-picture presented themselves constantly to the guards at the south end of Long Bridge. Every phase of army character presented itself at that gate, through which no officer below a brigadier could pass without a written leave, and where no person could escape without giving an account of himself. Bribes were frequently offered. We have seen a captain, a staff-officer, offer a hundred and twenty-five dollars in green backs to be allowed to pass into Washington unmolested. It was in the night, and he was anxious. It was a good deal of money for a poor soldier to handle ; but the soldier never han dled it, and the captain failed in his purpose. The smuggling of whiskey was specially guarded against, and there was many an amusing search for the contraband. Among all the general officers who passed over Long Bridge, none were received with more pleasure than the venerable Major-Gen. Silas Casey, who always appeared with a large retinue, himself riding at a sharp trot, while his staff followed on the gallop. It was the peculiarity of his return salute that always amused the guard. He would grasp his military cap by the crown disk, and thrust it vertically into the air with a curi ous vim. A singular feature of the duty here was the dress-parades held by command of Capt. Ripley. Each company detail stood for a company in this unique tactical performance ; the captain appeared as colonel ; the lieutenant was adjutant, and the non- REMARKABLE DRESS-PARADES. 137 corns, were company commanders. The music consisted of a single fife and drum. Those dress-parades were solemn affairs, — on the surface; and our "colonel" was reserved and digni fied in his military pose. Those queer parades ! They served to keep the men on the alert, for every detail was most punctili ously scrutinized ; and they served as a diversion too. Proba bly at no other post of duty in the entire field of war was there any thing similar to the dress-parades at the south end of Long Bridge. One of the recreations at Long Bridge was found in a debat ing society, organized by ten or a dozen members of the detach ment. Sergt. Holmes was a leading spirit in that little society, meeting in a little upper room ; and Sergt. Colburn, Corpl. Howard, together with a few privates, were among the regular attendants. December 15 Capt. Ripley relinquished the com mand of the post. December 25 Sergt. Colburn, one of the best non-commis sioned officers in the regiment, left this post, being attacked, as was supposed, with varioloid. The winter of 1863-64 was severe in Washington, and the post at the south end of Long Bridge was peculiarly exposed to harsh winds : the guards suffered considerably. . February 1, soon after midnight, the detachment of the Fourteenth was relieved by the Veteran Reserve Corps, and marched into camp ; and it was reported that there was much satisfaction expressed at the departure of our men by those who had felt the effects of a guard-duty performed with a strictness exactly according to orders. November 7 Lieut. C. D. Wright was appointed acting adju tant of the regiment. On Wednesday, December 2, the members of the Fourteenth witnessed the finishing touches to the exterior of the grand dome of the Capitol. The work of years was complete, and the familiar but unsightly stagings and hoisting-rigging soon came down. December 4 Acting Adjutant C. D. Wright was commis sioned, and was mustered the 8th. 138 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. According to the highest testimony, the military guard and special duty in the city of Washington had never been per formed so satisfactorily as it was by the Fourteenth. The line- officers in command of posts and detachments had shown con spicuous ability and integrity, while the rank and file were notably reliable and intelligent. Every indication pointed to the permanent retention of so valuable a body of men in the capital city. But there were two influences at work to disturb the tranquillity of the arrangement and the permanency of the service. One was the Veteran Reserve Corps, which was a body of men organized from the partially disabled troops not discharged, and able to do guard-duty. These were supplant ing efficient troops wherever practicable. This organization, however, except for pressing exigencies of the situation, could not have taken the place of the Fourteenth in Washington. There was an exigency which demanded precisely such a large and well-disciplined regiment as "Lincoln's Pets." Ulysses S. Grant was appointed lieutenant-general of the army and commander-in chief of the Union forces March 1, 1864. Before his appointment there were several annoying Rebel raids on the upper Potomac. The first was made at the extreme westerly point of Old Virginia, where Major Beers with three hundred Illinoisans and three guns were surrounded, January 1, by the Rebel Sam Jones. Fitz-Hugh Lee tried his hand at it ; and again, January 30, Jubal Early sent his cavalry leader, Rosser, into West Virginia, where he captured two hun dred and seventy prisoners, ninety-three mule-wagons, twelve hundred cattle, and five hundred sheep, all without the loss of a man. February 2, and again on the 12th, other raids were attempted with partial success. Rosser's raid was potent in shaping the destiny of the Fourteenth. The next day, January 31, every detachment was hastily ordered into camp, being relieved in most cases by the Veteran Reserve Corps ; and February 1 the regiment left Washington on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad via the Relay Station for the purpose of repelling the rampant raiders on the upper Potomac. The command proceeded as far as the junction of the north A VIEW OF HARPER'S FERRY. AFTER THE GUERILLAS. 139 and south branches of the river, the latter part of the way moving with great caution. It was understood that one sound of the whistle meant that a line of battle was to be instantly formed on the right of the train, while two sounds rallied the men to the left. Arriving at the junction before mentioned, the bridge was found burned, the expedition could proceed no farther; and the regiment went into camp in shelter-tents, with orders to be ready constantly to march at fifteen-minutes' notice. The men slept with their accoutrements belted on. The discomforts of this bivouac were great, a heavy rain fall ing during the night, and in many instances streams of water ran down the slope beneath the sleeping men. On the morning of February 7 the regiment embarked on the train and returned to Harper's Ferry, arriving there at eight P.M. The men esteemed it a special favor to be allowed to sleep in the box-cars of the transportation train. The next morning a camp was established on Cemetery Hill, above the village called Camp Hill, which consisted of shelter- tents ; the officers occupying an adjacent house. Orders were issued on the 9th incorporating the Fourteenth in the third brigade, third division, Sixth Army Corps, Gen. Sedgwick's. This connection was destined to be of short dura tion. A picket-line, eight or ten miles long, was established from the Potomac to the Shenandoah. On this line the Four teenth performed picket-duty. While stationed at Harper's Ferry, a good many subaltern promotions were made, and some of the insubordinate members were court-martialled. On the 11th of the month the regiment was relieved by the One Hun dred and Second Penn., the former removing half a mile to Camp Sherborn, on Hall's Island in the Shenandoah. While encamped here, Lieut. Tolman was promoted to the captaincy of Company E. A detail of the regiment was posted in Loudon Valley, where Moseby, three weeks previously, had surprised a Union cavalry station in the night. It may be accounted certain, that, had Cole's cavalry been as vigilant as were the pickets of the Four teenth, they could never have been surprised. Moseby was a 140 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. great instructor in the virtue and the art of Union alertness. The weather was intensely cold, and the camp was in no sense winter quarters. The men suffered severely, and could not keep warm. Never was an order more rapturously applauded than that which came on February 24, for the regiment to return to Washington. Transportation was furnished that afternoon. The regiment found itself again in Washington on the morn ing of the 25th, and the men felt as though they had come home from a strange country. They fondly speculated upon the re turn to the old haunts of duty, which had in a measure become endeared by association. They did not appreciate the fact that the death-rate in the regiment would be lowered by leaving the city ; although the subsequent destination in the far South re sulted, not in a diminution, but an alarming increase, of losses by disease. As the Fourteenth marched up New-Jersey Avenue, it was seen that Camp Adirondack was not to be re-occupied. Instead, the line of march led to the new and admirable bar racks situated on the corner of Sixth and O Streets, recently constructed especially for the Fourteenth, and which it would have occupied in a few days had not the fright on the upper Potomac upset the expected arrangements. The commanding- officer knew, while at Harper's Ferry, that the guard-duty of the regiment in Washington was ended, and that it was intended for other service. The occupancy of the Sixth-street barracks was but temporary ; and the men made the most of their brief stop in a city they had come to know well and to love, and which many of them were never to see again. On the 26th Lieut. C. P. Hall took command of Company C. ARMY DISCIPLINE. The Northern soldier was no minion or serf. He fully be lieved in the Declaration of Independence, and considered that every principle of American freedom was illustrated in his own personality. He could cheerfully endure unwonted privations and most arduous service ; but would he, all unaccustomed to ARMY DISCIPLINE. 141 the inexorable rigor of military law, submit to the discipline of an organized armed force? The traditions of war had faded from the American mind. The militia was an ancient joke, and "trainins" were obsolete; the only reminiscences of them cher ished by the fighting generation of 1861 being those of bear-skin caps, burlesque soldiering, pandemonium of drums, gingerbread, and beer. One of the most interesting studies in connection with our civil war was the incidents and effects of discipline, as the civilian was being transformed to the experienced soldier. And we may here affirm that the process was inevitably a slow one. Nothing, unless it might be an unusual soldierly instinct or genius occasionally possessing a man, could obviate the neces sity of prolonged training, and submission to rigorous codes, in order to economize life and effort, and to develop the highest efficiency. A battalion is eminently a machine ; and its parts must be nicely adjusted by long use together, and made to run in prescribed grooves, if the intricate mechanism is to serve its end and turn out anticipated results. But observe the applica tion of this principle to the formative processes of a regiment preparing for the crucial ordeal of deadly conflict. The awful death-roll of the Union armies was lengthened at least one-fourth, probably one-third, by the want of wholesome though irksome discipline during the first months of service, in many cases continuing throughout the entire term. The task was little short of herculean, to bring a million self-centred human wills, most of them panoplied in an intelligence which no troops in all history had before attained, into implicit and unswerving obedience to one central and many subordinate commanders. We do not intimate that this was ever realized, except measurably ; but the extent of failure was the measure of calamities to armies, disasters to the cause, and slaughters and hospital morgues for men who, brave, loyal, and noble, were yet restive under a discipline which might, if enforced and submitted to, have turned defeats into victories, and saved their lives. A sort of trained consolidation, valuable surely, resulted from 142 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. merely a continued organization, isolated from old connections ; and so far as troops were drilled and developed into a homo geneous unity, were they efficient and reliable. Several battles in that war were lost, which might have been won had certain brigades and even divisions never been marched on to the field. This is illustrated in the well-known fact, that, in a severe con test, a battalion of five hundred veterans was worth more than a fresh regiment of a thousand men; and most of the Union regiments won their greenest laurels after they were reduced to less than four hundred. The regiments subjected to the strictest discipline lost fewest men from disease, and secured the most brilliant record. But the enunciation of such a doc trine in the average company street of a Union camp, prior to 1863, would have roused a perfect tempest of opprobrium. Our loyal trooper was jealous of his rights, hated red tape, — calling every thing red tape that did not suit him, — and didn't propose to be bullied by " shoulder-straps." When it came to the last analysis he never explained just how much he meant, nor how he would manage an army, nor how he could help him self; and, if he went " fooling round " the limits of insubordina tion, he had a quiet and more or less prolonged opportunity for study among the natural scenery of the Rip-Raps or Dry Tortu- gas. But laxity of discipline was not so much indicated by mutinies or court-martials, as by a low morale throughout the line ; a mild but dangerous defiance of, or contempt for, those wholesome rules which a long experience had approved. Among volunteer troops there is certain to be a jealous watchfulness of all official prerogatives ; and it was the severest trial to which the loyal forces in the war of the Rebellion were subjected, that of bringing themselves to a prompt and implicit obedience to constituted military authority. And a civilian cannot appreciate the extent of this subordination nor the per sonal sacrifices it demanded. If every officer had been superior to the rank and file, fitted for command, endowed with the proud and recognized attributes of leadership, — " One that could rule and dared not lie," — even then, who can adequately appreciate the fealty to law, and the patient bending of the neck SOMETHING ABOUT OFFICERS. 143 to such an inexorable yoke as despotic martial regulations require from those who had been taught by political constitu tions, patriotic orators, and a long experience, that they were the ultimate sovereigns of the mightest government in the world? But the veteran boys in blue have not forgotten that some of their officers were not Agamemnons, nor ideals of any distinguished genus. There were three sorts of officers which held the comfort and even the lives of a million of men, to a dreadful degree, subject to their wills. The first were able, honorable, accomplished men, animated by the highest motives, and governed by a gen erous solicitude for the welfare of their men. Certainly, no army that ever shook the earth, and changed the current of the world's destiny, was adorned with such a proportion of this class of officers as were the legions of Father Abraham, twice six hundred thousand strong; and the Fourteenth Regiment was certainly favored with a large number of leaders who will be honored while a single veteran remains to transmit the tradi tions of a noble organization and its worthy achievements. The second sort was made up of equally brilliant men, but selfish, unscrupulous, tyrannical. Taking the loyal forces to gether, there was a grim, portentous array of these official mis creants, who trod upon the rights, and coarsely abraded the sensitive natures, of their most faithful soldiers. This veteran association is happy in the remembrance of very few of these unworthy officials upon its muster-rolls. But, wherever found, it was as company officers that they were most obnoxious, as these were brought into closer relations with the men: and while the abuse or negligence of a battalion or brigade com mander comprehended more victims and broader mischief, the infliction was somewhat tempered by distance ; whereas the har- assments of a company commander, even if somewhat trivial, were more exasperating for several reasons, being inflictions of direct contact. The lower the rank of an officer of this char acter, the more he desired to show his power ; and especially was this true in the initiatory period of a regiment's service. A single incident illustrates the severity of this disciplinary 144 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. strain upon those all unaccustomed to serving as victims in any exercise of arbitrary power. One of the finest young men in his native town, of excellent family and highest character, a student in Dartmouth College, enlisted in the Fourteenth Regi ment. He was promised one of the best subaltern offices, and he got — nothing. The day following the captain's muster, when his power had become in a sense absolute, the company was out for drill. The young man in question was near the right of the line ; and, in an alignment, he failed to dress back ward as far as desired. With his trenchant blade the gallant captain made his de"but as a military despot. Without a word of warning he struck this high-spirited, sensitive man — now a private in the ranks — a smart blow with his sword. To this fearful humiliation the private must submit without one word of remonstrance : and he did, but his spirit was broken ; never was he the same man after suffering, in the presence of an entire company, this cruel indignity. There were scores of others, more severe if not more odious wrongs and humiliations, which either begot discouragement or prompted to insubordination, perhaps ultimate revenge. Twenty years have but little softened the remembrance of petty tyrannies and gross outrages inflicted by uniformed, small- patterned despots, "dressed in a little brief authority," upon high-spirited, but devoted and obedient, soldiers of the Union, yet subjects of their misused power. Even the considerate exercise of the great though necessary authority residing in an officer holding a military commission, entailed inevitable and irksome burdens, for reasons which follow. A whole company enlisted as equals, as privates. On Monday they were on a level. On Tuesday, three out of the hundred men, not the best or worthiest often, withdrew from the common barracks to a seclusion, a privilege, and a power, which meant a distinction and an advantage that can be appreciated by no one save an intelligent man who has served throughout his enlistment term. The transition was so sudden, the distinction so absolute, the gulf so broad, that the officer sometimes forgot to be a man ; and the private, bewildered, forgot to be a soldier. ARTS OF THE AMBITIOUS. 145 There was another circumstance which aggravated the sud denly created disparity of rank, and the tremendous accession to power on the one hand, and of relegation to unquestioning submission on the other. To state it briefly, the sovereign, by the very exercise of his ultimate power, makes of himself a help less servant,- and transfers to his dependant an irretrievable power over his life, liberty, and peace of mind. It was a privi lege of very doubtful advantage on the whole, that by which each company was allowed to select its own commissioned offi cers. Not half the instances justified in their results, a practice, democratic in the inception, despotic in the outcome. We now speak of despotism, not in its cruel aspects, but as entirely arbi trary and senseless in the development and discipline of the company organization. Let the veteran volunteer in retrospect ponder the arts by which some of the officers — we are glad to concede that they were few — won votes and secured their commissions. In fact, all company officers were in the hands of their comrades — before election. Some of them solicited votes and promised subaltern offices. In one company of the Fourteenth Regiment ten men were promised a file-closer's post, and twenty-one were made quite sure of the two-barred chevron. It is probable that a majority of the captains and lieutenants sought no votes and bought no elections by offers of preferment ; but those officers who solicited most artfully and persistently, and were most afflu ent in promises, were as ready as any to forget their obligations, to stultify their pledges, and to be cruel to those who could not be coaxed, bought, or driven into supporting them for the cov eted trusts. Good men and true may be judged leniently if they were not perfectly flexible in adjusting themselves to conditions so novel, and were not cheerful in submitting to authority so suddenly granted and acquired, and possibly so dangerous to their welfare. The third class of officers may be somewhat loosely charac terized as good-natured imbeciles. They were as fit for military command as a yard of blue drilling for a drum-head. The observation of Dr. Johnson, that " Much may be made of a 146 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Scotchman if he be caught young," was possibly applicable to the doughty chiefs enumerated under this head ; but they were never " caught young " in the military net : and, in some in stances, nothing short of an ante-natal training would have availed. They could control enough votes so that they must be counted in when the patriotic log-rolling came off, which determined the company leadership " for three years or during the war." Now, this class of officers was more destructive of discipline than the second ; for however oppressive an officer might show himself, if he was a man of brains and evidenced considerable military ability, his men did entertain for him an essential re spect, and he did hold his command measurably well in hand : but a shoulder-strapped nonentity excited a ridicule which was utterly subversive of successful leadership. If he was blindly kind to the men, he became popular in a way ; but a drill under such an officer was a rollicking, tactical dance, a ruinous bur lesque of every company movement. He was corpulent, per haps, and marched across the parade-ground much like an immense, shaky water-tank, which had stolen a pair of inade quate legs, and was perambulating in uniform ; the difference being, that our hero was a tank quite unaccustomed to hold water. There was another genus of this class, — the dainty aesthete, taken out of the maternal bandbox on purpose to lead the ple beian hosts through sanguinary struggles to romance and glory; but the gentle wrist was unequal to his own moulinet exercise ; and his hair had a curl never intended for the unpoetical sabre- thrust of Jeb. Stuart, nor the deadly aim of Jackson's old divis ion. All of this sash-girted rubbish soon floated homeward on the happy currents of eagerly accepted resignations, and better men from the ranks stepped into positions they should have originally occupied. When the officers of the class under consideration took a company out for drill, they would demoralize it more in one hour than an efficient drill-master could improve it in a week. Some of the evolutions much resembled the boy's game of AN AMUSING DRILL. 147 whip-snapping. One of these worthies at Camp Adirondack kept his command in a ferment for nearly two hours one morn ing, trying to secure an alignment; and he wasn't over-nice either, for a line decently resembling the new moon would have been entirely satisfactory. He became at last annoyed at the stupidity displayed (he located it in the line), and adopted an extra tactical expedient. He advanced the company in line of battle, and there was a look of martial determination in his whole demeanor such as had never before graced his carriage. Onward the line tumbled with as many different steps as there were men in the ranks, until with a crash the march ended against the high board-fence of Finley Hospital. His method was illuminated by his comment, " There, d — n you ! I'll see if I can't right dress you ! " In a majority of the companies of the Fourteenth Regiment there were not only relations of hearty confidence and respect maintained between officers and men, but an efficient discipline was enforced and cheerfully sub mitted to by nearly all of the rank and file. The character and efficiency of the company officers in no wise deteriorated as the term of service advanced ; and, while there may have been suffi cient reasons for the failure of the command as a whole to reach a high state of discipline early in its history, no one doubts that its varied and trying service was admirably calculated to afford the best of training, and to render it thoroughly reliable in any exigency. When the Fourteenth Regiment entered its first battle, it had probably reached the highest state of discipline and esprit du corps of which it was capable. While never remarkable for excellence in evolution or manual, this organization had no superior throughout the army in intelligence, submission, and prompt obedience to every order. The claim has been made, that the Fourteenth was handicapped from the first in respect of internal tendencies toward disorganization, rather than unity, and that it lacked the inspiration of that solidity so essential to the safety and triumph of those who must face death together. Without passing upon this assumption, it is enough to say, that through suffering, patient endurance, varied and severe train- 148 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. ing, energetic devotion, and the leavening stimulus of an appre ciative and hearty loyalty, the Fourteenth Regiment, keeping time to the music of the Union, marched quite abreast of those battalions of the grand army of the North which proudly knew the object of their being, loved their cause, would die for their flag, and, deploying in the focus-light of an unequalled age, were of all forces on the earth supremely irresistible. MOUTH OF THE SHENANDOAH. AMONG THE ALLIGATORS. 149 III. THE LOUISIANA CAMPAIGN. The celebrated Red-river campaign was planned in January, 1864 ; and Gen. N. P. Banks was mustering a large army for an advance on Shreveport. It appears that the Fourteenth was intended either for a re-enforcement of that expedition, or for garrisoning exposed points on the Mississippi while the main army was buried in the treacherous labyrinths of the Red-river country. But there was a nearer and a more dangerous foe than the hordes of Dick Taylor. Mr. Lincoln was more afraid of Northern Copperheads than of Southern battalions. En route for the Department of the Gulf, the Fourteenth was to make a brilliant armed reconnoissance into New Hampshire. Not with bullets, but with ballots, was the enemy to be assaulted ; although it was a quite prevalent feeling, that the former was a treat ment sufficiently mild for the traitorous opposition to the war which the army and the country had to endure from those, who, if not active sympathizers with treason, were persistent obstruc tionists of every war-measure. The regiment had not been in the new barracks twenty-four hours when it was announced that it was to be allowed to go home to vote. A quiet canvass of the companies was made ; and it was ascertained that the Fourteenth would vote almost solidly for a State government which could be counted on to heartily sustain the President in his efforts to put down the Rebellion. Nothing was revealed as to the destination of the regiment subsequent to its wholesale furlough. It was no time for anxiety over the future. The entire command was jubilant over the prospect of a speedy though brief re-union with the 150 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. loved ones at home. Saturday, February 27, the Fourteenth took the train on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and Sunday night remained in barracks in New- York City, located where the post-office building now stands. Monday transportation was secured ; and Concord, N.H., was reached the next day. The regiment was received with considerable demonstrations ; and, as soon as arms and accoutrements were safely stored, the men were furloughed twelve days. It is moderate to intimate that the Fourteenth made itself felt in the State for the next ten days. In hundreds of homes and among thousands of friends, welcomes and greetings surpassed any thing the recipients had ever before enjoyed. A soldier on furlough is a character for study ; and he was a very industrious student, himself, of every means of enjoyment and pleasant notoriety. On this occasion the soldiers of the Fourteenth were altogether too notorious to suit a certain class in close towns, politically. These carpers were suddenly con verted to the doctrine, that it was the duty of government troops to remain down South fighting the enemy, and not to be coming home by regiments to meddle in politics. It was but just pre viously that the aforesaid objectors declared it impossible to ever whip the South, and that the act of sending troops to subjugate our brethren was a crime. The presence of the Union volunteers at the polls in New Hampshire, during the spring election of 1864, was a sore irri tant to those who were desperately bent upon blocking the progress of the war. That election was, perhaps, the most important ever held in that State ; as it was the first prophetic voice of the people in the presidential campaign, a prophecy of the November verdict which would determine the issue of the tremendous effort to suppress Rebellion and crush out treason in America. Party feeling ran high, antagonisms were bitter; and it is easily believed that the presence of the Fourteenth intensified the animosities of the canvass. And why ? Citizens of New Hampshire had simply returned to their homes to cast a lawful ballot. There were angry discussions and numberless personal collisions on town-meeting day ; for, while the boys did BULLETS AND BALLOTS. 151 not exactly carry to the polls a chip on each shoulder, they were not in a mood to be jostled to any great extent : and the Copperheads had a hard time of it where the soldiers were numerous enough to start a little political " camp-fire " in the midst of the assembled voters. The scenes in the various town-meetings where the soldiers appeared were highly interesting, often amusing, and in some places pretty exciting. The boys in blue were not externally diffident nor modest in their advocacy of the war, and their denunciations of Northern Copperheads were spoken decidedly above a whisper. It was an uncomfortable day for a certain class of citizens in the old Granite State. There is no doubt that the Fourteenth efficiently performed the service expected of it when it was ordered to New Hampshire, and it is a fact in its history that these soldier-voters acted with entire personal freedom in casting their ballots. Those who persisted in voting according to old predilections, and practically against the gov ernment they were fighting for, — there were a few who did, — were in no way proscribed afterward. The regiment was fortunate in this opportunity for a brief restoration of family circles and the enjoyment of family life. To a large proportion of the Fourteenth it was the last gather ing about their firesides. The days sped with more fleetness than the hopes of a Union victory at Fredericksburg. Again the parting, the pain, yes, the agony, of the last word and look — and the men rallied around their colors at Concord, March 14. It was a wise precaution of the government not to pay off the regiment before it was furloughed: but, on the return to Concord, the United-States paymaster was on the ground ; and the men were paid in full to March 1. Nearly every man was at his post when the rolls were called, and there were only a few desertions. A year and a half of service had weeded out from the Fourteenth most of its useless and unworthy material ; and, although it left the State the second time more than two hundred and fifty less in numbers than when it first entered the service, it was a stronger organization with seven hundred men than originally with nine hundred and eighty. 152 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Wednesday, March 16, the Fourteenth left Concord and the State, and on the 17th went into the barracks in New- York City, already referred to. The three-days' stay in that city afforded a well-improved opportunity to witness and enjoy the excitements of Gotham. Some members of the regiment, who had been absent on detailed duty, or were about to return from hospitals, managed to evade the officers who were on the alert to secure them, and, having remained in seclusion until the regi ment sailed, escaped being sent to Louisiana. There were several such cases. Sunday, March 20, seven companies of the Fourteenth em barked on the side-wheel steamship " Daniel Webster," for New Orleans. Tuesday the vessel was in a terrible storm, which continued three days, disabling the ship, and threatening de struction to all on board. The vessel was helpless, the crew powerless, and hope almost abandoned. Saturday the storm was over, and the " Daniel Webster " was able to move slowly toward a port of relief. Land was descried Sunday, at nine A.M. ; and at five o'clock the same afternoon the regiment reached Hilton Head, and entered the harbor of Port Royal. The troops remained aboard the ship until Monday morning, when they disembarked, and marched a mile in the deep, yield ing sand, toward the eastern side of the island, and near to a palmetto-grove, where shelter-tents were pitched in the sand ; the regiment remaining there four days, until the " Daniel Web ster " could be repaired. Friday, April 1, the Fourteenth again took up its quarters on the unfortunate steamship, and, strange to say, with no re grets. Hilton-Head sand had reconciled the men to almost any change. The vessel did not quit the immense government wharf until the next morning at 8.30. The following Sabbath was one of the finest in all the experience of the regiment ; and through out the day the vessel skirted the coast of Florida, in sight of the historic shores where the white man first reared a settle ment in America. " Peace was on the world abroad: 'Twas the holy peace of God." THE VOYAGE TO LOUISIANA. 153 Tuesday afternoon, by the aid of a pilot, the sinuosities of the entrance to Key- West Harbor were experienced; and at five o'clock anchor was dropped. Not until Thursday, the 7th, could the ship find its opportunity to take coal ; and then it ran up to the wharf, and the men had one day ashore. The privi lege was made the most of; and, for the first time, the boys from the Granite Hills wandered through fig-orchards and orange- groves, with fruit lying about in abundance. The semi-tropical climate, and the strangeness of the whole scene, furnished too many novelties to easily crowd into twelve hours. Fort Taylor, a stout stone octagon defence of the harbor, with casemate and barbette guns, was visited by nearly the entire regiment, where Col. Stark Fellows, formerly lieutenant of Company D, was in command of the post. Friday, April 8, the "Daniel Webster" left Key West, sail ing near to the Dry Tortugas, where several unruly members of the Fourteenth were confined for some time during the war, some of them perhaps unjustly. At noon of the 11th the muddy waters of the Mississippi were discovered, and at nine p.m. of the same day the renowned forts of Jackson and St. Philip were passed. At eight o'clock on the morning of Tuesday, April 12, the Fourteenth reached the Crescent City, and gazed upon its curious water-level landings and more curious river- craft. The men did not go ashore, much to their disappoint ment : but the transport steamed up the river six miles, to Car- rollton, where the regiment landed, and went into camp in a clover-field a quarter of a mile from the levee ; the designation being Camp Parapet. The three left companies, K, E, G, did not embark on the " Daniel Webster," there not being room, and were transported on the "Liberty." They had a safe and pleasant passage, ar riving in New Orleans in advance of their comrades, who sailed earlier. 154 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. A REGIMENT AFLOAT. Casey's' tactics were sufficient for every possible movement emergency — on land. The average regiment was fairly drilled in all essential evolutions of the line, but Casey's tactics pre supposed terra firma as a base of operations. Casey was set at defiance, was buried in contempt, the moment a body of troops was trundled aboard a government transport. In fact, no sys tem of tactics ever contemplated the motions and the woes of a regiment afloat. It is quite time that history be reversed, in one particular at least. For more than a hundred years it has been a recognized proof of patriotism to abuse the Hessians for an attempt to aid Britain in subjugating the colonies. A deli cate sense of justice suggests, that, instead of rearing a monu ment on American soil to a spy because he was not smart enough to escape Gen. Washington's noose, it will be a better recognition of sterling worth to set up a slab to every Hessian who survived the transport voyage across the Atlantic ; thus evincing a type of heroism beside which the deeds of Marathon are not worth mentioning. No veteran can boast of a rounded- out and complete military experience unless he was initiated into the noxious mysteries of a vessel with a freight consign ment consisting of Union soldiers. The evils of such a passage were inseparable from the situation, and the government fully met all reasonable expectations in the accommodations afforded. There were so many uncertain and uncontrollable factors in the problem of moving a thousand men by sea a thousand miles, that no surprise should be felt when it is learned, that very few entirely agreeable voyages were made by our soldier mariners. In cool weather, with a smooth sea, a short voyage, and no crowding, the trip could be made with tolerable comfort. The actual experiences rarely combined these conditions. There is no dearth of permanent impressions concerning a lively voyage where a large number of men were huddled into an inadequate space ; pitched into an utter promiscuousness of undesirable fraternity ; rolled, shaken, jostled, and tumbled into a dangerous approach to " Union jelly ; " " rocked in the cradle ODORS BETWEEN DECKS. 155 of the deep " in a manner devoid of all poetry ; refreshed on condensed sea-water, — the vilest decent liquid ever brewed; lulled to rest in the balmy salubrity of a between-decks' atmos phere, — the aroma is not yet out of our nostrils. " I counted two and seventy stenches, All well defined, and several stinks." The sublimity of the majestic sea outside, and the nauseous nastiness of the air within, remind one of the anomalous con trast implied in the lines of Coleridge : — " The river Rhine, it is well known, Doth wash your city of Cologne ; But tell me, nymphs, what power divine Shall henceforth wash the river Rhine? " Those who have been plunged into the immeasurable depths of disgust on a transport passage, wonder what attributes of grandeur will suffice to remove that stain from Old Ocean. The Fourteenth Regiment was transported more than ten thou sand miles by water during the war of the Rebellion, and may fairly claim to have found its " sea-legs." This long stretch of water campaigning was not wholly on salt water, although four respectable voyages are included ; but the river-trips of the regi ment were quite comprehensive. On the Thames, Hudson, Delaware, Susquehanna, Potomac, James, Savannah, and Mis sissippi, the Fourteenth moved, as it participated in the wide reaching strategy which finally crushed the historic "anaconda." On sound and river steamboats, and in ocean transport steam ships, the numerous expeditions were made ; while one style of vessel deserves a separate and especial reference. A Mississippi steamboat is entirely singular and unique. It would be uncouth, were it not so grand ; and its interior mag nificence is ample recompense for unwieldy smoke-stacks, clumsy boilers, and ungainly decking, with a top-lofty pilot-house for a monster finial. A Mississippi steamboat sweeping around one of the great bends in the Father of Waters is a majestic figure, affording one of the finest possible spectacles in the realm of 156 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. imagination. A trip down the river on such a splendid steamer as the " Gray Eagle " is an experience , rare, exhilarating, memorable. It was one of the pleasantest passages in the his tory of the regiment, and the congenial chats on the roomy decks of that elegant boat come home with a peculiar tender ness to the survivors. Sailing smoothly, but with a mighty im petus, past extensive and grand old plantations, their graceful and romantic mansions adorning the banks; sweeping down between immense fields of corn and cane, whose straight rows stretched from the river back for miles ; the scenery diversified by sugar-establishments, orange-groves, and more affluent parks of oak, with the graceful Southern moss adding its indescriba ble charm, — such a picture invited the appreciative volunteer on the delightful summer evening when the Fourteenth was borne on toward the sanguinary scenes undreamed of, yet just before. The occasion was, in every sense, a wonderful excep tion in the life of every soldier on board. It was an experience entirely at variance with the current of a fife-time. It made real and vivid what had been, previously, entertained only in romance. It was decidedly unusual for a soldier in active service to see any thing of society ; yet aboard the " Gray Eagle," on the night referred to, the boys were regaled by glimpses of a fairy enter tainment. A good orchestra in the saloon furnished music for a brilliant company of ladies and gentlemen, in costly apparel, tripping through the mazes of a gay quadrille. Strange as it may appear, it was a novel sight to nearly all save the officers, — a refined woman, in any proximity to soldiers. The music and the brilliant spectacle moved the men ; and they gathered in groups or couples, and talked of home, of service, of cam paigns to come, of the problems of the war, on a plane of thought and expression manifestly elevated by the surroundings of the hour. Such accessories revealed a noble inner life in many a volunteer who in general never manifested other than superficial merit. It was an occasion to stir all tender and noble sentiment ; and fortunate will be the circumstances of the veterans of the Fourteenth, when they luxuriate in an exist- MOONLIGHT ON THE MISSISSIPPI. 157 ence of more delightsome dreaminess, where the atmosphere was heavy with the sweet odors of the magnolia, and a great variety of tropical plants. Moonlight voyaging on the Mississippi is simply incompara ble, and there and then the sunny South appeared in its supreme loveliness. Who forgets the spectacle witnessed from the levees and parapets of Carrollton, at night, when the gardens and fig- groves seemed flooded with moonlight of a quality exotic to New-England latitudes, and a great steamboat was coming round the upper bend, its hoarse, unearthly snorting announcing its approach long before the pair of tall black smoke-stacks loomed up, indicating the perplexing sinuosities of its track? Let the man who is deficient in imagination climb the levee above New Orleans, and watch that monster forge down upon him, with its unrivalled grandeur of momentum ; and, if there is any latent poetry in his constitution, he will henceforth " Find tongues in trees, books in the running brooks, Sermons in stones, and grace in every thing." An ocean voyage, under the most favorable conditions, is never wholly agreeable ; but when a between-decks' bunk, rather than a state-room, is the allotment, the discomfort is ag gravated beyond the appreciation of those who have never tried the experiment. But when a crowded transport encounters a storm at sea, becomes disabled and helpless in the uncon trollable and bewildering fury of the tempest, the horrors of the situation are beyond all description. The Fourteenth Regi ment sailed out from New York, March 20, 1864, on the " Dan iel Webster." She lay anchored in the North River, the men being put aboard by tenders. It was a memorable occasion in the lives of those volunteers. Probably not half a dozen in the regiment had ever stepped on the deck of an ocean steamer be fore that morning. Every thing was strange, and far removed from all previous experience ; but some of the novelties would gladly have been dispensed with. The officers occupied the cabin and state-rooms ; but the rank and file were marched to the forward hatchway, and then — never did the Fourteenth 158 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Regiment come so near to insubordination as when it looked down that hatchway. There was a decided reluctance to being quartered between decks; but down the ladder the men crept, in obedience to orders. There, in the darkness, they found the space filled with rough bunks, in three tiers, built in so closely that there was barely room, between tiers, for passage. Probably this accommodation was the best practicable : but the senses revolted from the irremediable closeness, even in fine weather ; while this sweat-stench-box, with men packed like sar dines, was almost horrible in a storm. The "Daniel Webster" had not reached the Narrows, when some of the most vigorous among the officers and men grew seasick. There was a good sea on ; and, as the vessel got outside, night came on, with a brisk breeze and rising waves. First, a general uneasiness; then, a pronounced and almost universal disquietude of stom ach ; and, ere long, a positive state of misery was reached. The depths of woe in seasickness can best be studied in a trans port vessel, with victims never before tossed on the briny deep. Here again our Bull-Run hero, who knew all about the war, stepped into prominence. He spent the first three hours after getting under way in bantering all about him, and predicting the horrors of the coming nausea. He was an old salt, so to speak ; he had been on a .voyage before ; you couldn't start him. In six hours he was sucking a lemon; in eight hours his stom ach interviewed him frequently; and before morning he was whining like a ninny. We never observed more of ludicrous wretchedness in the same compass than aboard that steamer. The utter disgust with life itself was comically pitiful. About one-third of the regiment were helplessly sick, while not more than one-fourth entirely escaped. As many as possible remained on deck, and the rails were constantly fringed with sufferers heaving — not the lead. The condition of things below was indescribable. The evils of seasickness were trifling, however, compared with the aggravated horrors surrounding a great storm at sea. We always believed that the captain's assertion was true when he declared that the gale which so nearly sent the "Daniel A FOUNDERING SHIP. 159 Webster" to the bottom was the severest he ever encountered in a thirty-years' experience. Our confidence in his opinion has been somewhat shaken by the consideration that some sea- captains are in the habit of calling the last storm the worst one they ever saw. It is certain, however, that the " Daniel Web ster " barely escaped foundering off Cape Hatteras in one of the most fearful tempests which ever visited that coast. No battle conceivable would involve the horrors and despair of the forty- eight hours of the vessel's helplessness, when, lying in the trough of mighty seas, she was beaten, buffetted, and pounded ; while the men in agony expected that the next tremendous wave would send her under forever. A striking contrast in the men was then evidenced. The majority met the danger quietly, being brave, alert, steady ; some were even jocose, save in the darkest moment ; but the abject terror of the usually most blatant, boastful, and profane, was contemptible, even with one foot in a watery gTave. When the order was given to send all the men below, and fasten down the hatches, the climax of the dreadful situation was reached, and the best stuff in the regiment trembled. To be drowned between decks in the night, like rats in a trap, with no fighting chance, was a fate from which the stoutest quailed. The im prisoned men were face to face with the sheerest desperation, and were surely in the direst extremity. The after-works of the ship were swept away ; the port paddle-box was stove in ; the mainsail was carried away ; we lost binnacle, compass, and other instruments ; the engine was disabled ; and the sea was lashed to an awful fury. In this strait scores of men manifested a cour age which gave them an added dignity for all after-time, and whose lustre was crowned on the battle-fields of later months ; but the faint-hearted cannot recall that trying period with pride. Men who were commonly reckless and blasphemous now prayed loudly, fervently, and long for help and deliverance; but, when terra firma was reached, they were as profane as they had been prayerful. " When the Devil was sick, the Devil a monk would be: When the Devil got well, the devil a monk was he." 160 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Some of the protestations of that desperate time would not read well to those who have now got twenty years away from that storm. The vow was solemnly made, that, if they ever got on shore again alive, they would never go a-fishing in a small boat on a New-Hampshire mill-pond. Others declared they would be perfectly willing to go into battle every day of the week if they could be guaranteed a survival of that gale. To those who could rise above fear, there was a strange sublimity in the bewildering wildness of the scene, a towering majesty of Old Ocean in the dread exercise of a power never before conceived of, a revelation of the Eternal One calculated to fill the soul with an awe never more to subside. It was a spectacle surpass ing all else that is grand to the eye of man. In the midst of the sublimity of Nature's mad tempest-throes, and the extremity and terror of the human cargo, there was large room for absurdities ; and the room was well taken. A storm at sea tries the timber of men as surely as it does that of the vessel. Every side of character was illustrated during that voyage, and the comical parts of the drama were well sustained. One poor fellow so far lost his wits in preparing to leave this life, that he turned over all his valuables to a comrade, with the earnest request that he give them to his family. Some acted a rule without previous preparation or consent. Company F had a heavy, slow snail of a private, who never did but two things with any rapidity, — eating and snoring. He never was known to take his musket apart, clean it, and assemble it again in the same day ; but a Cape Hatteras double and twisted gale was sufficient to thrill even that phlegmatic, good-natured, and really popular rotundity : at any rate, the seat of his breeches got thoroughly magnetized. He came on deck just after the waves had reached the acme of their rise, and the ship was rolling its worst, being at the mercy of cross-seas. Private Snail had no trouble in mounting the hatchway ladder : in fact, he came on deck as though fired up from the hold out of a mortar. A tre mendous lurch of the vessel did it. If our hero had any "sure holt," it was sitting down ; and in that posture he landed, if that verb could be used out of sight of land and of all hope of ever A SHIFTING CARGO. 161 Honing oven a handful of earth again. Tho samo wave that hoisted him from between-decks sent liim Hying down the por- fenfoiiH ineline to the |ioi'l, side of I, lie vessel, lie arrived (hero precisely in lime not to clutch the rail before another mighty billow reversed tho sen-saw, and sont him to the starboard side. The lurch wiih ho great that even Snail's inertia, was Honsibly ovorcome, and he traversed that deck with considerable speed. lie was too clumsy to roll ; but he could slide, with the Atlantic ocean behind him for a, motor. And ho did slide, lie seemed to realize that he wan in motion soon enough to make a lunge for the starboard lower rigging ; but another wave was too quick for him, and back lie went. Ho surveyed, air-linen across that deck three times, and the performance closed only when a friendly rope was thrown about him at the starboard terminus of his remarkable shuttle-truck. He bogged pairs of cant-off pantaloons, from which he secured patches for his terribly racked brooches. The heavy swell, the dying wind, the silence and the smooth sea, the slow run into Port Royal, came after the storm. Camp ing on a desert of deep-shifting, wind-blown sand, waiting a Week for the vessel's repair, added to our stock of experience, but not to comfort or peace of mind. Palm-trees, a splendid harbor, and sand filled our eyes, principally the latter. Sand everywhere; sand for mattress, pillow, and coverlet. Shelter- touts wore Ihe only protection afforded, and a rain-storm came on to heighten the iinpressioiiH of the place. Strange to fell, the men re-embarked on the " Daniel Webster" gladly; and no lovelier day or fairer sea ever tempted tho willing mariner than that on which the Fourteenth steamed out of Port Royal, on its way to the still sunnier South. The second day out we witnessed a burial at sea. -The band played a dirge on the quarter-deck, and the shrouded body was laid on n plank in an open port. The splash, the plunge, tho unmarked entombment, completed a burial most beautiful and fitting. Stopping for coal at Key West, we revelled in the orange-groves of Florida, and visited Col. Fellows and his col ored regiment at Fort Taylor. Steaming across the Gulf, 162 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. miles before land was descried, the great circle of muddy water announced that we had entered the current of the Mississippi. Previously we had noted with wonder the clear line of demar cation between the Gulf Stream and abutting water. The delta was entered at Pass L'Outre ; and the " Daniel Webster " had survived a great peril, and the Fourteenth Regiment was safe from all the threatened dangers of an eventful voyage. The first month of the Fourteenth's stay in Louisiana was delightful. The village of Carrollton, so different from any New- England town, was a source of interest and pleasure to the men. The A tents were pitched on a well-turfed mead adjacent to a fig-orchard, and the magnolia and other tropical flowering ver dure loaded the air with a wondrous and delicious perfume. In some respects the New-Hampshire volunteers found themselves in a fairy-land. The unhealthy season had not arrived, and Southern foliage was just entering upon its full luxuriance. Those incomparable moonlight evenings on the levee, with the dark, swift, turbulent rush of waters, bearing great monsters of war and traffic, on one side ; and the beautiful gardens, gay bal conies, stirring military music of the Fourteenth's band, and the wild melodies of recently freed darkies, on the other, — such spectacles for a time quite reconciled the Union volunteer to a post of duty in the defences of New Orleans. The Fourteenth was too late to participate in the movement of the army under Gen. Banks up the Red River. Troops had been drawn from the vicinity of New Orleans so thoroughly, to swell the column of the great expedition, that the city was left without adequate protection ; especially as the Rebels in the state of Mississippi would be almost sure to improve the oppor tunity, not only to make a diversion in favor of the threatened army of Dick Taylor, but also to make a desperate assault upon New Orleans, and possibly effect its recapture. To avert so serious a catastrophe, the Fourteenth was stationed in Camp Parapet, behind the imposing line of earthworks running from PASS MANCIIAC. 163 the Mississippi to Lake Pontuhartrain. During tho first few weeks in Carrollton excellent health prevailed in the regiment; but as tho season advanced, and the tropical heat prevailed, an unaccliniatod body of men like the Fourteenth necessarily suf fered terribly. The best water to be had was from the Missis sippi; and that, despite its twonty-fivo per cent of mud, was tolerably agreeable, and perhaps not unwholesome. During its stay in this camp, the regiment was drilled by companies, and occasionally in battalion ; although no systematic exercise in tactics was undertaken. The Fourteenth had practically done with drilling ; and what efficiency it ever possessed, in evolution and manual, was attained previous to the Louisiana campaign. The regiment, whilo in Camp Parapet, performed guard, picket, and escort duly. The hitter was confined to railroad trains, principally to those on the N. O., J., and G. N. Railroad, 'which ran from New Orleans, north, between Lakes Pont- eharlrain and Maurepas, to Jaokson, Miss. The road was open as far as the Pass Manehae, which connected the two lakes. Every train was run with a strong guard in each car ; and the pass was defended by hall-moon breastworks, on which ordnance was mounted. Mauchao was a, lively and peculiar im provised hamlet-post, with every mark of frontierism, and built on stilts. Aside from the unfortunate human beings who tar ried there, the atmosphere above was crowded with mosquitoes, and the waters beneath were alive with alligators. Betwixt the two, there was no happy spot for a decent man. Of all the curious aggregations of buildings, some of the mushroom ham lets among the Louisiana bayous, during the war, were, par ex cellence, nondescript and singular. Yet they were busy hives ; and a Yankee was sure to be found somewhere about, the mas ter spirit and efficient organizer. Along the line of road under consideration a transient lumber interest was thriving; and saw mills, which almost floated, were sending their busy hum among tho graceful, moss-fringed timber of that region. The railroad, for miles, was built on piling : and from the trains the Four teenth boys enjoyed rare sport in shooting — at — alligators; for a point-blank shot from a good rifle, on the back of one of 164 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. the mature monsters, made no more impression than the prick of a pin on a buffalo's back, — if any one ever got near enough to a live bison to try the experiment. The details for train- guard were inclined to be pretty well satisfied with the duty assigned them. April 20 Lieut. E. D. Hadley took command of Company F, which he retained until disabled by wounds. On the 29th Capt. F. T. Barker of Company A, having resigned hi? com mission, left for home ; and, on the 27th of May, Lieut. H. S. Paul assumed command in his stead. The duties above enu merated were performed by the regiment until the last of May. The 28th of that month it was relieved, at all its posts, by the Twentieth U. S. C. troops, and the Fourteenth R. I. Heavy Artillery, colored. The Fourteenth was destined for a different and, as then believed, a more sanguinary service. May 20 Gen. Canby su perseded Gen. Banks, as commander of the department; and the great Red-river campaign was at an inglorious end. There were as many reasons for the failure as there were prominent officers in the expedition. The army had returned to quarters on the river-bank ; the main body of the troops being concen trated at Morganzia Bend, just below the confluence of the Red and Mississippi Rivers. June 7 the Fourteenth embarked on the river steamboat "N. Longworth ; " and at noon she swung off from the levee, and snorted defiance to the swift current of the Mississippi. Up the river, past Baton Rouge ; rounding the ominous bend of Port Hudson, with its frowning, but now silenced, batteries; doubling, twisting, receding, and advancing, grandly sweeping round astonishing loops in the Father of Waters ; up, two hun dred miles from New Orleans, the Fourteenth sailed, and landed at Morganzia, on the west bank of the river, June 8. It was a delightful twenty-hours' passage. The regiment camped on a rising, uneven piece of ground, partially covered with scrub-oaks, situated between the river and the levee, which at this point runs half a mile from the river-bank. The camp sloped toward the west and the level mar SgfiEf; . _. r tsiMiSiiM^B CAMP OF THE FOURTEENTH AT MORGANZIA, CAMP AT MORGANZIA. 165 parade-ground abutting the levee. A view of the Fourteenth's camp at Morganzia is given herewith, There the regiment was incorporated into the Nineteenth Army Corps, being as signed to the second brigade, second division. Col. Wilson of the Fourteenth, being the senior colonel, took command of the second brigade. At that time there were twenty thousand troops in camp at Morganzia, and large accessions were soon afterward made. Gen. William H. Emory, who had previously commanded a division, was appointed to the command of the Nineteenth Corps ; and on the 11th of June he held a grand review, with the aim of consolidating and increasing the effi ciency of the corps organization. The review took place on a broad plain two miles from the camp of the Fourteenth. The summer heat was intense, and the men suffered almost to ex haustion; a heavy shower finally drenching the entire army. The review was the grandest parade which the regiment had ever witnessed ; and, considering that the corps had just passed through the vicissitudes of an unfortunate campaign, the seve ral organizations presented a remarkably good appearance. Two days later, on the 13th, Major-Gen. Daniel E. Sickles, who lost a leg at Gettysburg, arrived at Morganzia, and re viewed the Nineteenth Corps. These marshallings of a great army corps in battle array, and parading of the different bat talions together, was beneficial, and even necessary in the light of subsequent events. An esprit du corps was engendered, which proved its potency on later fields. It was a splendid pageant, thirty thousand men in line, all veteran troops. Gen. Sickles, riding with one stirrup empty, and his orderly following with crutches, was the recipient of a hearty ovation ; and the battal ions marched in review in columns by division. If, on the previous occasion, the heat was intense, on the 13th it had be come nearly intolerable. The men wilted like cabbage-leaves, and those accustomed to the use of stimulants succumbed to an extraordinary degree. Had the march not been conducted with great prudence, and the utmost consideration been shown by the commanding-officers, a wholesale prostration must have resulted from the exposure. The sickly season was upon the 166 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. army ; and the Fourteenth, unaccustomed to the latitude and climate, suffered peculiarly. Malarial and typhoid fevers, dys entery and diarrhoea, swept off the weaker ones at a fearful rate ; and some of the best physiques in the regiment surrendered. The service of the Fourteenth in Louisiana was more deadly than any active campaign in more northerly latitudes could have proved, even with frequent battles. June 16 the regiment was visited by the inspector-general of the Department of the Gulf, and its arms and accoutrements pronounced in excellent condition. It was found that the Eighth N. H. was in another division of the Nineteenth Corps, and mutual visits were paid by members of the two battalions. A pleasant river expedition varied the hot and unhealthy mo notony of camp-life at Morganzia, although two or three fine brigade dress-parades were held when the weather permitted. On the 17th Capt. Chandler took command of Company A. Since the opening of the Mississippi to navigation, on the fall of Port Hudson July 9, 1863, the government, as well as private enterprise, had been constantly increasing the number of boats plying between Cairo and New Orleans. It was most important to preserve an open channel and safe transit. The Rebels were never idle long at a time ; and, after the close of the Red-river campaign, they amused themselves by planting bat teries on the river-bank at annoying points, and stationing sharp-shooters where they could coolly pick off the pilots. So fatal was this device growing to be, that every boat on the river lined its pilot-house with boiler-iron. To break up these infest ing guerilla assassins, the army co-operated with the navy; three monitors being supported by the second division of the Nineteenth Corps, on transports, including detachments of cav alry and a battery of light artillery. The expedition embarked on the evening of the 19th, the Fourteenth going aboard the "Joseph Pierce." At midnight the fleet left the landing, and proceeded slowly up the river ; the gunboats being unable to attain much speed. On the 20th the troops reached Tunica Bend, where a Rebel battery had been located. The cavalry and a portion of the infantry landed, and THE WORTH OF A LETTER. 167 made a reconnoissance occupying most of the day ; the trans ports lying at the opposite shore. The Fourteenth remained on the boat. At night, in pursuance of a preconcerted signal, the transports recrossed the river, and received on board the reconnoitring party, which failed to meet or discover any force of the enemy. The flotilla then steamed up the river all night, and, at six o'clock on the morning of the 21st, arrived at Fort Adams in the State of Mississippi. Here the whole force landed, and bivouacked in a pleasant grove near the river. The day was spent there agreeably, while the cavalry detachment scoured the adjacent territory, but found no Rebels. Just after dark the troops were ordered aboard the transports, and the prows were headed down stream. Stopping on the way to wood up, the famous picturesqueness of a Mississippi steamboat, taking wood in the flare of flambeaux, and amid the droll songs and shouts of the wood-gangs, was vividly spread before the boys of the Fourteenth. At ten o'clock that night, the expedition was safely back in Morganzia. LETTERS PROM HOME. In primitive New-England times it doubtless was a 'notable event in many a house when a letter was brought from the post-office, which was never visited oftener than once a week. The conditions and relations of our fathers made small demands upon the postman ; and country home-life drifted down the de cades to 1861, not much affected by the mails nor familiarized with frequent correspondence. But who can forget the trans formation that was wrought throughout the land by the deple tion of homes when stretches of dangerous distances separated the man or the boy from a bereft, and ofttimes desolate, fireside, — a gulf which nothing, save 'the precious posted missive, was allowed to span ? "Never morning wore to evening, But some heart did break." Men squatted, a la Turque, on divans of turf or earth, or even muddy logs, about camp-fires under the cold stars, whose un- 168 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. fathomable distances suggested to homesick warriors their far away homes, sacred beyond their best thought, and yearned for as never before. And they wrote home. Clumsy fingers, which hadn't uncorked an ink-bottle since the owner's last one was shied out of the schoolhouse window years before, wrestled with exasperating pen, delusive ink, and intractable paper. Crouching in tent or stockade-bunk, in barracks, or about the crackling rail-fires, our matter-of-fact volunteers whipped their distracted thoughts into letter composition. Minds and hearts were stirred as never before ; holier thoughts were cherished, and tenderer feelings surged through the soul, than had ever ennobled those whose tears were the embellishments of their missives, and whose hearts were sealed and posted away in that envelope to the farmhouse, now a palace in imagination, or to the village cottage, — a paradise, but guarded by the flaming sword of a three-years' enlistment. Men learned to reiterate the love which they had not whispered for many years since the halcyon days of courtship. This subtle and cherished bond of communion with home and friends was potent in building man liness and in cheering our volunteers. The post-office department was a school, and every letter a lesson, whose culture turned numberless lives into better paths. And those silent yet eloquent messengers from camp, bivouac, and battle-field, accomplished their mission in a million homes. Wife, mother, sister, betrothed, were sustained through the un utterable strain of the long suspense, and cheered in this unmeasured abnegation by letters from the seat of war. But consider the reciprocal effect. Look in upon a company street when the word flashes down the color-line, and darts like an electric current among the tents, that " The mail is in ! " Except when stationed at central points, and in proximity to regular and uninterrupted lines of communication, a regiment received its mails irregularly. While in the field, a week, a month, might pass without a mail's arrival. But the sutler, a headquarters' orderly, ambulance-master, quartermaster-sergeant, or perchance a returning furloughed officer, brings from the base of supplies or from Washington, a long-delayed, much- A NIGHT CHARACTER STUDY. 169 expected mail. The chaplain is postmaster; and, when a mail is to be disbursed, the chaplain's messages are universally welcome. The sergeant-major notifies each company's "orderly" that the mail is in, although every private has already received and reported the glad information forty or fifty times. Eagerness changes to impatience, which in turn gives way to clamor. " Is it going to take all night to distribute that mail?" voices the general feeling of anxiety, only relieved when ten first sergeants are seen scattering from the chaplain's tent. Tattoo has been left an hour behind ; taps have peremptorily warned all lights out ; it is a dark, black night ; but, as the " orderly " steps to the end of the double line of tents, every man is out from his bunk and blankets, and huddling about him as he stands with a fat hand ful of precious letters, while half a dozen newspapers are tucked beneath his arm. Half a score of the most eager produce their adamantine candles, which, held over the envied official's shoul der, enable them to catch a first glimpse of the invaluable missives, and discount the tantalizing distribution. Stand well back in the darkness, and study that tremulously eager half-hundred men, self-banished from home, whose arrny- life has discovered to them a tenderer spot in their own souls than they ever dreamed of before. What a scene ! romantic, thrilling, weird ! A sentry's beat, a distant challenge, the clanking sabre of a passing cavalryman, alone breaks the silence, which, in this group of waiting men, is hushed to a painful stillness. Note those weather-tried countenances. The glim mer of candles athwart the fantastic, faintly lighted picture shows strange blendings of light and shadow. There are stern features and delicate-lined faces there ; some pale with eager ness, all expectant; eloquent with an inexpressible longing. There are some who affect indifference. These, when returning to their tents empty-handed, take pains to declare loudly, " I didn't expect any thing by this mail." Poor fellows ! they go to their bunks with something like a heavy piece of lead in their hearts. As the names are called, the favored ones cry out, " Give it to me ! " and the hand's clutch upon the letter smooths the furrows on the face. Some get two, and even three ; and 170 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. how they are envied! It would touch even a hard heart to observe the disappointment, not to be concealed, as the pile of letters diminishes, and the expected one is not among them. The last letter is snatched : the papers are unnoticed. There is light in some tents; and others are dark, but not so dark as the mood of those whose homes are a thousand miles farther away than ten minutes ago : and the year of jubilee slips away into the hopeless stretches of the future. No civilian can estimate the worth of a letter from home to the discouraged, homesick, or diseased soldier. To the ema ciated ones it was a better tonic than the inevitable quinine, and letters odorous of native hill or valley often renewed hope and restored health. A cheerful letter aroused to energy and steadied the whole man. It was a sermon, a prayer, a benedic tion, a guardian angel, restraining from evil, and holding the soldier up to manhood's level. Let it be thought no exaggeration to affirm that the bones of thousands of Union soldiers are scat tered through the South, — lives which might have been saved by a timely, encouraging letter from home, or from some cher ished friend. The government was shrewd, as well as graceful, in passing the volunteers' letters free of postage. No mention has been made of the speculator in loyal remembrances, who took advantage of a universal interest in the soldier, and rolled up a correspondence-list of fifty or a hundred, "just for fun." This was a " loose expectoration " of tender literature wonder ful to contemplate, and of little profit to any one. We have said that all in the camp impetuously turned out at the cry of " Mail ! " No, not all. In nearly every company there were some who never wrote, never received, a letter. Among these peculiar ones were numbered those whose grain was fine enough to keenly feel the deprivation. Some were so stolid and ignorant as to little appreciate the subtle chords which bound the legions of the North to those far from whom they even dared to die. But such were few : and, in contemplating the bars which set men apart from those influences which unite in community and brotherhood, it may still be said that the boy in blue who trod his beat and filled his gap in battle through NINETEENTH ARMY CORPS. 171 the terrible years of strife, sending and receiving no message of friendship or love, was indeed and fearfully alone among tens of thousands ; he served his country, often nobly ; but his pulse- beat was not in time with the gentle and the strong ; he lived in a surpassing and pitiable isolation. To such a man the com panionships of the army were a society boon beyond any thing he had previously enjoyed ; and could he have felt the spur of a constant, sympathetic correspondence, who shall say how much he would have been enlarged as a man, and bettered for all his future ? The 1st of July witnessed a disruption of the Army of the Gulf, a re-organization of the Nineteenth Army Corps, and its transfer from this to another department. And it-was time for some move, if the lives of the men were held of any value. In addition to the fatal unhealthiness of the place and season, fre quent drenching showers contributed to a general discomfort, with swarms of flies and mosquitoes thrown in as garnishing. There was one compensation, but it came just too late with many a gallant fellow. The hospital was on board the large and commodious steamboat " Laurel Hill," and the sick were well located and provided for. In the re-organization of the Nineteenth Corps, the Fourteenth was transferred to the first brigade; and thereafter, until the close of the war, its complete designation ran, Fourteenth New-Hampshire Vols., first brigade, second division, Nineteenth Army Corps. Major-Gen. Emory continued to be the corps commander to the end, with Gen. Cuvier Grover, the division commander; Gen. H. W. Birge, formerly colonel of Tenth Conn., being appointed to lead the brigade. The remnant of the Thirteenth Corps was consti tuted the third division of the Nineteenth. July 1 was a day of extraordinary commotion at Morganzia, although the members of the Fourteenth turned in at night all ignorant of the impending break-up. Gen. Emory and staff left for New Orleans that evening, on the steamer " Crescent." Shortly after midnight, on the morning of the 3d, the left wing 172 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. of the Fourteenth was roused, and ordered to strike tents ; the right wing having already moved half a mile up the river and nearer to the landing. . The left wing, receiving no marching orders, bunked down again on bare poles, and slept until morn ing, when it joined the right wing, remaining there in a most transient state of bivouacking. After dark on the evening of the 3d, the regiment went aboard the " Gray Eagle," one of the most magnificent steamers then plying on the Mississippi. It was known that the troops were destined for some enterprise or service outside the Depart ment of the Gulf, and speculation was as busy and as erratic as soldiers' guesses were apt to be. At nine A.M. July 4, the " Gray Eagle " crowded into the swarm of vessels at the wharves of New Orleans. She made a landing at the foot of Canal Street, just inside a United-States steam-frigate, and below a French man-of-war. The regiment remained aboard the steamer, and lay under the guns of the man-of-war, when the national salute was fired and the yards manned at noon. Shortly after noon the boat steamed across the river ; and the Fourteenth landed a little above the village of Algiers, where A tents were pitched, and the troops of the Nineteenth Corps were rapidly going into camp. It was under stood that the stay would be but temporary, and most of the hucksters acquiesced in the briefest sort of brevity in the tarry ing of the Yanks among them. The boys were not in love with Louisiana: they knew they were soon to leave it, and they exemplified the doctrine that the world — Algiers for the time — owed them a living. It is not possible that the world was much in debt to the Nineteenth Corps when its last straggler was safely stored on the ocean transport. The first and second divisions of the Nineteenth Corps were entirely at Algiers on the night of the 4th, and were simply awaiting transportation. Several destinations were named by the rumor-mongers. One was an expedition to Brashear, another to Charleston, and the Potomac was hinted at; but that was deemed a wild guess: while Mobile was popularly considered the most probable, though not desired, destination. ANOTHER VOYAGE. 173 Dress-parades were held, and some drilling done, while the suspense continued. Every day witnessed the departure of transports laden with troops going — somewhere. Every com mander departed with sealed orders, so that the sharpest Rebel spy could gain no inkling of the threatened blow. The Four teenth was destined to remain in that camp nearly ten days. July 11 orders were received to prepare for embarkation, and all possible preparations were made except striking tents. On the morning of the 11th the regiment broke camp, and marched through the town to the wharf; and of course the ship was not ready for its human freight. The men lounged upon the side walks all day. Just at night the brilliant discovery was made, that the vessel could accommodate but a part of the regiment. The right wing and Company H went on board the " Conti nental ; " while Companies F, K, E, and G enjoyed flag-stone berths in the streets of Algiers until morning, when they again went into camp, awaiting transportation. For the next five weeks these companies, known as the left wing, had a separate history. THE RIGHT WING. In addition to the right wing of the Fourteenth, the steam ship " Continental " took from New Orleans the Seventy-fifth N. Y., which made the number of troops on board nine hundred and seventeen, officers and men. The right wing was com manded by Col. Wilson. These troops, like all other portions of the Nineteenth Corps, sailed with sealed orders, to be opened when the pilot should be discharged. The brigade headquarters were on board the steamer, and Gen. Birge and staff. The " Continental " left New Orleans at midnight of July 13. The next morning, having reached the mouth of the river, the pilot was dismissed ; and Gen. Birge opened the orders, which were, that the portion of the corps on board was to report to the commanding-officer at Fortress Monroe. The "T. A. Scott," which had sailed five hours before the " Continental," was passed this day. The trip to Fortress Monroe, occupying six days, was as pleasant as a good ship and gentlemanly and cour teous officers could make it. 174 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Fortress Monroe was reached at midnight of the 19th ; and the next day the troops were ordered to City Point, to report to Gen. Grant. The night was passed at Wilton's Landing ; and the next day (July 21) the men were disembarked at Bermuda Hundred, and headquarters established. The Twenty-sixth Mass. was already there, and the Ninth Conn, and Twelfth Me. arrived during the day. At eight p.m. the brigade was ordered to the Point, and at ten p.m. of the same evening marched on the Petersburg road, and, after a four-hours' march, bivouacked just back of the fortifications, nine miles from Petersburg. Just at evening of the 22d the battalion was ordered to " fall in," — the men were taught to do so very quickly during the six-days' stay there, — but was hardly in time to receive Gen. B. F. Butler and staff, who were making an unceremonious visit to the camps in that vicinity. A Massachusetts regiment near us were enthusiastic in their reception. As he rode past with uncovered head, his peculiar eye revealed to the New-Hamp shire boys, who had seen " Harper's Weekly," and had not seen the man before, the name of him who won so much notoriety during the war. During the stay there the battalion had drills, dress-parades, and brigade inspection. On the morning of the 28th the right wing started, with other troops, on a reconnoissance, crossing the James River on pon toon bridges at Deep Bottom, driving the enemy back along the Newmarket road, west of Malvern Hill, about two miles. The troops were on historic ground, in the vicinity of the " seven- days' battle," and twelve miles from Richmond. They then com menced throwing up breastworks, working on the fortifications until five p.m. on the 29th, when a brisk fire was opened upon the enemy from our batteries ; but they did not respond. During the day the gunboats in the river, near Dutch Gap, had been shelling the Rebels at intervals over the heads of the infantry. The Fourteenth had never before heard those large shells ; and the boys wanted to get close to the ground when the " cooking- stoves," as they called them, passed over. About six p.m. the reconnoitring force began to evacuate the works. The wheels LEAVING LOUISIANA. 175 of the artillery were muffled, no lights were allowed, and every thing was done with the least sound possible. By midnight the trqops were well under way ; and every thing had been so quietly done, and the skirmish -line had been so carefully with drawn, that the enemy did not discover their opponent's absence till near daylight, when they followed, and came up just as the rear of our line was crossing the pontoons. The Fourteenth was the last to cross ; and a serious loss was threatened to the bat talion, and lively times generally, before the army got over. But the movement had been anticipated ; and our batteries were in position upon the south side of the river, and gave the Johnnies a warm reception. After crossing, the force halted a few minutes for rest and breakfast, and then moved back to the camp near Bermuda Hundred. The brigade reached camp at noon; but, during its halt in a ravine while waiting for orders, many offi cers and men were sunstruck, and disabled by the intense heat. THE LEFT WING. The left wing of the regiment left Algiers, La., at four o'clock in the afternoon of July 16, on the screw-steamer " Gen eral Lyon." The battalion was in command of Major Gardiner, and was accompanied by the following officers : Surgeon Perkins, Capt. Tolman, and Lieuts. Cobleigh and Richardson of E ; Lieuts. Fisk and Webster of K; Lieut. Hadley of F; and Lieut. Sturtevant of G. A portion of the Third Mass. Cavalry were on board, being quartered between decks in berths : the left wing was on the upper deck. These quarters were comforta ble enough during the daytime and in fair weather, but decid edly disagreeable through the three days of rain that prevailed during the voyage. At night, when the men turned in, they occupied every available foot of space on the upper deck ; and the curses of the sailors, as they endeavored to make their way among them during the night in the working of the ship, were both frequent and fervent. At four o'clock on the morning of the 17th, the steamer crossed the bar, and swept into the open gulf. On the 21st the 176 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. vessel left the gulf, and entered the Atlantic Ocean. Water had last been taken on board in the James River, before start ing for New Orleans; and it was stored in barrels of every description, chiefly, however, old kerosene barrels : many of these proved leaky; and the sixth day out all hands were put on a daily allowance of one pint, one-half of which was used in cooking food, leaving one half-pint for drinking purposes, and most of this so tainted with the taste and odor of kerosene as to be nauseating in the extreme. There was some complaining among the men concerning the short allowance of water, and its scarcity and poor quality certainly added much to the dis comfort of the voyage. The officers found some fault with the food furnished them, and in this respect were not as well off as the men. Hatteras light was passed at eight o'clock on the evening of the 26th; and on the 27th, at three in the afternoon, the " Gen eral Lyon " swept past Cape Henry into Chesapeake Bay. At best a slow boat, this voyage was lengthened by the breaking of two blades of her screw; and it was not until five o'clock on the evening of the 27th that Fortress Monroe was reached. Col. Sargent and Major Gardiner went on shore to report, and re ceived orders to proceed to Washington. At ten o'clock the ship weighed anchor, and went on her way toward Washington. The Potomac was entered on the morning of the 28th; and, as the steamer passed up the river, a more thirsty lot of men than crowded her deck is not often seen. The captain of the steamer had promised to let the boys know when fresh water should be reached ; and, when the ship's pump brought up the first pailful of the dirty Potomac, the boys gave three cheers, and drank and drank, until the captain exclaimed, " Hold on, boys, for Heaven's sake, or we shall be aground ! " The boat lay at anchor off Aquia Creek during the night, reaching Sixth-street Wharf, Washington, about four o'clock on the afternoon of the 28th, having been twelve days on the voy age. At night the left wing marched slowly and wearily through Georgetown, up the left bank of the Potomac, to Chain Bridge, and bivouacked in a field about four o'clock on the morning of YANKEE PRUDENCE. 177 July 80 ; the men falling asleep immediately. The same fore noon the battalion went into camp near by. THE YANKEE IN BLUE. When our hero enlisted, tho man was not entirely swallowed up in the patriot. Inliorent and cultivated characteristics were not in the least subdued, unless they infringed upon the re lentless curbs of military discipline. In faot, the army afforded a peouliar theatre for the exercise of Yankee cunning, and for nn exaggerated play of traditional characters. We at present make note of the prudent Yankee, who was, like Barkis, a "lit tle near." And we are faoe to face with an interesting and amusing study. The volunteers of an average regiment could be divided fairly well into two general classes : the happy-go- luoky follows, who were utterly careless of money matters, spent their pay lavishly and quickly, and then fell into line with Mr. Mioawber. These spendthrifts furnished a mine that panned out riohly, and was well and cleverly worked to the end by their antipodal, strictly honest, but " mighty oute," oomrades. This latter olass might be in the minority when the roll was called, but was always in the majority when greenbacks were counted. The strictest post-mortem sorutiny never detected a sutler's oheck in one of their pookets, and their stomachs never flirted with any of the marvellous vanities of 'said sutler's cui sine. Whatever Unole Sam issued in the way of rations they took, and — sold all they could spare; though the pork,'candles, and soap were generally led through several dexterous dickers before they became transmuted into the coveted oash. From the first glimpse of bounty or pay from town, State, or General Government, these prudent warriors had an eye to the main chance 5 and that ohanoe was well handled. Not a dollar of that bounty was wasted, not n penny of monthly pay was squan dered, not one superfluous pair of socks ever stole into the clothing aooount. But this virtue was not wholly economical: it was persistently aggressive. The trait wo describe was not merely negative in its mani- 178 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. festations, it was untiringly positive. The keeping of money was a silent, unobtrusive matter, of course ; but it was the varied and ingenious getting of the lucre that furnished the phenomena worthy of an extended and graphic delineation. They were no Shylocks, but genial and almost invariably accommodating. In one respect they were marvels. No matter how long the pay master delayed his eagerly expected visit, no matter if nearly every line-officer in the regiment was bankrupt, these thrifty privates always had one more legal tender stowed safely in waiting for a remunerative investment. And there were plenty of borrowers who hadn't handled a ten-cent shin-plaster of their own since a week after the last pay-day, and who were ready to borrow extensively, paying high rates of interest. It was Darwin's principle transferred to the sphere of the soldier's economics, — "the survival of the fittest," — to get and to save money. But Yankee industry sought out various channels. There were less aristocratic, but still more lucrative, devices for elon gating thirteen dollars a month into a respectable income. Descending through the various gradations of dicker, loan, and labor, — all with the greenback as the goal of endeavor, — we encounter — next to the man who is everlastingly swapping some thing, getting boot and a better article every time — the omnivo rous buyer. He would buy any thihg, and always pay cash ; but he was never known to pay more than an article was worth. As pay-day settled away into the past, and money grew scarce, this dealer increased his purchases and decreased his prices. Your easy-go-lucky fellow on pay-day would invest twenty dol lars in a watch, and our Yankee has from two to half a dozen ready always to sell. One month after the paymaster has in flated every thing, save the expenditures of our avaricious war riors, the watch in question could be bought for fifteen dollars. Two weeks more, and the price dropped to ten dollars ; and in two months the uneasy owner is anxious to sell for five. But Yankee prudence holds off until the desperate fellow, with not a dime left for tobacco, and at last not a copper remaining to enable him to indulge in his uninterrupted recreation of " penny THAT ARMY OVERCOAT. 179 ante," arrives at the state where three dollars in crisp notes is more tempting than the twenty-dollar timekeeper; and for twenty-four hours he is flush : then he sells all the clothing he can draw ; and then he is like a shark ashore until the paymas ter comes again, and makes him flourish for a day. Meanwhile every thing is grist that comes to our '"near" hero's mill. o' " All's fish they get That cometh to net." In camp, on guard, picket, march, and even in hospital, he is always " on the make."' He sows beside all waters, but is very prudent in his dispensation of seed, and compasses with success his hundred-fold. For more than a decade after the war closed, it was a stand ing mystery throughout the North how so much good army- clothing was worn by our veterans. And even though twenty years have dealt their imperious strokes of destruction between the then and the now, still army blankets adorn many a bed, and the familiar overcoat perambulates hill and vale. The Yankee in blue can tell you something of the how of this phe nomenon. The quartermaster-general would have viewed with astonishment, had he been acquainted with the facts, the num berless boxes of military clothing sent home in the earlier part of the war. A large proportion of these consignments were the result of reckless drawing, and more reckless selling, by spend thrift soldiers, and shrewd buying and prudent shipping by our Yankee in blue. This sending home of clothing was inter dicted, and ceased mostly during the last years of service. If there were comical, foolish, and contemptible sides to these barter, loan, and gaming transactions of army-life, there was a sad, even pathetic, aspect, not to be overlooked. Wages, needed at home, were squandered in wanton pleasure, in sutler's gim- cracks. or were frittered away in puerile gaming, or asinine dicker; the thoughtless soldier buying like a child and selling like a fool. The Yankee in blue never wasted a penny in play, nor indulged in a needless or hardly a profitable pleasure. He was not always a mean character, but always provident. Often 180 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. it was the high motive of lifting a mortgage on the little home, or of bursting, for his family, the galling bands of poverty. If any caricature is intended here, it applies only to those who manifested a comical smallness, a contemptible grasp and penu- riousness, without the semblance of a worthy impulse to dignify a studied course of ignoble saving. Some of our Yankees in blue were busy bees : they earned a good deal beside their pay. Many of them did not hoard their incomes : they earned to spend, and were jolly in their superior resources. An epidemic of bone rings and kindred ornaments broke out in the regiment; and every moment off duty was devoted by every mechanical Yankee to hunting, sawing, filing, polishing, and setting bones. This is but a sample of the multi farious methods resorted to by ingenious " minions of Old Abe," as they wore away the tedium of rainy seasons, or industriously filled out the spare hours amid active duties. There were regi mental and even company barbers, some of whom never distin guished between a razor and a cross-cut saw, until the leisure of army-life and the emptiness of their pockets prompted to any reckless venture likely to prove remunerative. A glib tongue was fifty per cent of a barber's capital. If he was a good story teller, — and we had one or two who would put Eli Perkins to shame, — he had a great run of custom; and it did seem as though they got under such a headway of amazing narration that nothing short of a generation of peace would suffice to effectually " slow them up." There were cobblers in camp, when a regiment remained in one spot long enough; and a hint of the whole range of profit able endeavors is given when it is remarked that even the tin type artist — we could hardly dignify him as a photographer — plied his trade, and some really valuable views were secured. The cook was often esteemed a sly brother, and it was suspected that he prudently turned a frequent penny from at least the grease which he sold. But make a tour down that winding path to the small brook whose bubbling waters were always kept lively by several hundred mules corralled above the camp, and who made it a matter of principle to churn up. a hogshead AN HONEST PENNY. 181 of mud to every gallon of water drank. Away down on the bushes in rear of the line of ten cook-houses, there you find alders and brambles that bear greenbacks. He laid in with the cook, got his soap free, and he washed. The man who was next laziest to him who wouldn't entertain the laundry idea at all, was he who wouldn't wash an article of his own clothing throughout his entire enlistment. And so the washerman throve. It was remarkable, the rich harvests of those alders supplemented by a modicum of soap and a sprinkling of thin mud, called water. Some of these washers had consciences. They all got a good deal more of Uncle Sam's cash from the aforesaid bushes than they ever did out of the paymaster's trunk. Then, there were carpenters who pocketed an occasional greenback by repairing, enlarging, or furnishing the officers' quarters. But, in whatever way it was wrought, the results of those steady savings are prominent to-day. Many a farm was freed from a discouraging encumbrance, many a poor man laid the foundation of what is now a fortune, thousands of homes found pleasanter furnishing, and in every quarter bright and inspiring vistas of life were opened up by the frugality and large aggregate results of the little savings of our Yankee in blue. 182 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. IV. THE SHENANDOAH. The Union soldier who served in the Shenandoah Valley entered into the choicest romances of the Great Rebellion. If military duty in the valley involved the most arduous of cam paigning, if the fortunes of war hurled both contending armies into swift and altogether unexpected fluctuations of victory and defeat, still the singular excitements, the brilliant cavalry dashes, the surprises, splendid strategies and bewildering ma noeuvres, the ambuscades of bushwhackers and the agile pranks of Moseby, the wonderful ability displayed in that somewhat narrow amphitheatre of war, only equalled by the more won derful imbecility of several officers, all conspired to wreathe about the struggles of that sanguinary section more of romance and of mystery than appertained to any equal area of fightiDg territory. There were no such ponderous movements and thunder strokes of battle, nor heroic stubbornness of endurance, as characterized the campaigning of the Army of the Potomac; but the fighting was quite as deadly, and the demands upon the troops no less severe. The best troops of the South, with some of her most heroic generals, were hurled into the valley: it was a recognized centre of strategy, and was employed by both armies as the conspicuous manoeuvring ground of the civil war. In each year of the struggle, save the final one, the Shenandoah Valley was of vital consequence as an element in the general campaign. It was the safest, easiest gateway to the North for the Rebel armies, and was the granary of the Rebellion, pre vious to the fall of 1864. A GLIMPSE OF THE SHENANDOAH, REBELLION IN THE VALLEY. 183 The Fourteenth has some reason to understand why the Johnnies' wheat-wagons did not roll toward Richmond after that time. The Union cause had more traitorous, bungling, and imbecile commanders in the Valley than in any other portion of the South ; while one of the national leaders won a series of triumphs as brilliant as can be ascribed to any captain of our age. One town, Winchester, was the scene of eleven different battles; and there are few acres between the Blue Ridge and North-Mountain ranges where the plough will not to-day turn up some relic of those desperate encounters. The first threatening feint, the first aggressive move, of the Rebels in Virginia was made in the Valley. So the first impor tant advance of Union troops was in the same territory where Gen. Robert Patterson moved out from Chambersburg on the 7th of June, 1861, with twenty thousand militia. Earlier than this, in May, the Rebel general, Joseph E. Johnston, held Harper's Ferry and Maryland Heights. He also threatened a crossing of the Potomac at Williamsport. June 14 he evacuated Harper's Ferry, burning the superb railroad bridge and the government armory, carrying away all the arms and machinery. He further dismantled the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and then retreated to Winchester. July 2 Patterson had a tilt with Stonewall Jackson at Falling Waters, on the Potomac ; and on the 15th of the same month the former advanced to Bunker Hill, nine miles from Winches ter. He was expected and ordered to hold Johnston in the valley. He had been re-enforced, and commanded twenty-two thousand men, while Johnston had but twenty thousand. In stead of throwing his army between Johnston and the fords of the Shenandoah, thus intercepting any possible move of the Rebels toward Manassas, he turned to the left, and on the 17th marched to Charlestown, twelve miles from Winchester, leaving Johnston at full liberty. This act of folly, if not of treason, decided Bull Run for the Rebels. The judgment that Patterson was a traitor has much to war rant it. After Bull Run he retreated to Harper's Ferry, where, July 25, he was relieved by Gen. N. P. Banks. 184 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. On the 16th of October Gen. Geary, under orders from Banks, captured Bolivar Heights ; and that event ended cam paigning in the valley for the year 1861. Early in 1862 Banks had possession of Bolivar and Loudon Heights, Leesburg, Charlestown, and Martinsburg. He pushed the Rebels back to Winchester, Jackson evacuating that place without a struggle. In March Gen. McClellan ordered Banks to Manassas with his entire army, save two regiments of cavalry, with which to garri son Winchester. March 23 the Rebel cavalry, under Ashby, attacked Gen. Shields at Winchester ; the latter being wounded. Stonewall Jackson brought up his infantry ; and at Kernstown, after a smart fight, the Rebels retreated, followed by Banks, to Harrisonburg. The Union force was about twelve thousand. In May Gen. Milroy appears on the scene as a Union commander. He went so far up the Valley as to threaten Staunton, but retreated before a re-enforced enemy. Down the Valley rattled a Rebel force, twenty thousand strong, elated over the repulse of Milroy, the defeat of Col. Kenly at Front Royal, and the rout of minor commanders. The Union end of the see-saw was down just then ; and Jack son pitched into Banks at Winchester, who had seven thousand men available to stem the tide. Of course he was driven pell- mell out of the Valley. The Rebels were, with good reason, highly elated over this brilliant series of advantages. Our troops retreated to Williamsport, via Martinsburg ; and Jackson menaced Harper's Ferry, occupying Halltown. Then, May 10, began one of the most brilliant movements of the war, — a retreat by Jackson, conducted in so masterly a manner that he won for himself a place hardly second to any in the Southern army dur ing the war. He was in a perilous position, so far down the Valley; for Shields, with twenty thousand men, was ordered back from Fredericksburg, through Manassas Gap, to intercept him before he could escape up the Valley. Gen. Fremont, who was west of the main range of the Alle- ghanies, was ordered to march east into the valley, and cut off the Rebel force. Both Fremont and Shields reached Strasburg CAMPAIGN OF 1862. 185 just three hours after Jackson had left the town, escaping south ward. Shields pursued east of the mountains, hoping to head him off; while Fremont chased him up the Valley. Jackson was so hard pressed that he had to fight almost constantly, yet he kept his army intact. He fought Fremont at Cross Keys, and Shields at Port Republic, both sides contending desperately ; but Jackson got away with most of his army, and soon went to Richmond. Ashby, the best outpost cavalry leader in either army, was killed in one of these encounters. Fremont and Shields both returned under orders. The campaign of 1862 was, however, not over in the Valley. Early in September, before the battle of Antietam, Lee had his whole army in Maryland, and threatened Harper's Ferry. Jackson was appointed to this task. McClellan might have saved Harper's Ferry, but was not quick enough. Jackson crossed the Potomac into Virginia at Williamsport, and struck at Miles with twelve thousand men, who defended Harper's Ferry from Bolivar Heights. September 15 Gen. Miles, having, by the most utter incapacity or arrant treason, allowed himself to be surrounded, raised the white flag, and surrendered his whole force ; the only redeeming feature of the operation being his own mortal wound, inflicted after he had raised his disgrace ful flag. After Antietam, Lee, with the Army of Northern Virginia, occupied the Valley until well into November; the Union forces having recaptured Harper's Ferry September 22, the very day on which most of the Fourteenth were being mustered into the United-States service. Thus ended, in shame and disaster, the second year's cam paign in the Valley of the Shenandoah. It has been previously stated that Lee's army entered the Valley in June, 1863, on its way to invade the North. Gen. R. H. Milroy was in command of the Union forces in the valley, holding Winchester under Gen. Schenck as department commander. He had ten thousand men. He remained at Winchester so long that the Rebels were upon him in overwhelming force before he had taken any effect ive measures for securing a retreat. June 15 he decided to run, 186 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. but it was too late. He was completely out-generalled, and cut off from both Martinsburg and Harper's Ferry. His army was annihilated, thousands of prisoners taken ; the remainder escap ing into Maryland, and some of them not stopping in their re treat until they got away into Pennsylvania. The enemy did not at this time occupy Harper's Ferry. After Gettysburg, Lee's army retreated up the Valley, Meade failing in his purpose of fighting a battle in Manassas Gap; and Lee again struck the Rappahannock through a more southerly ¦ pass. The campaigning of 1864 in the Valley began May 1. Ulysses S. Grant was made lieutenant-general of the army March 2. He soon after took personal command of the Army of the Poto mac, and soon re-organized it with a fighting strength of over a hundred thousand. May 4 that army crossed the Rapidan, and entered upon its renowned Wilderness campaign. And the Shenandoah Valley was reckoned an important factor in the new strategy. Grant laid out a comprehensive plan ; and in that plan was a move of Sigel up the Valley, and of Crook up the Kanawha, with the intent of striking the Rebels at Staunton and Lynch burg. Sigel moved up the Valley on the 1st, with ten thou sand men and, on the 15th met Breckinridge at Newmarket, a point which the Fourteenth will recall as the scene of artillery practice on the Johnnies the afternoon after Fisher's. Hill. It was the old story. Our men were badly handled; and Breckinridge, with an equal force, sent Sigel flying down the Valley, as every Union commander had previously gone. Sigel retired to Cedar Creek, and the Rebels were too much occupied with Crook to follow. Sigel was at once superseded by Hunter, who was strength ened. He won a clean victory at Piedmont, near Staunton, June 8. His force was then increased to twenty thousand, the largest Valley army since 1861. But he attempted too much. He was a brave man, but not great enough for the peculiar strategy of the Shenandoah. He besieged Lynchburg the 18th. Lee sent an overwhelming force to repel him ; and, with stores THE VALLEY IN 1868. 187 run low and a hungry army, he was in a pitiable plight. He saved his army, but in doing so retreated westward into West Virginia, leaving the Valley entirely exposed. And now steps into the arena the knight of apple-jack and the hero of Fisher's Hill, — Jubal Early, who was an able offi cer — when sober. He made a characteristic Rebel dash down the Valley, covering his infantry with clouds of cavalry, like the Pandours in the Silesian campaigns against Frederick the Great. He so skilfully masked his movements and force, that the whole North became frightened ; although he had no more than twenty thousand infantry. July 3 Early was on the Potomac, creating a general panic. Sigel fled to Maryland Heights. Early raided away up to the Pennsylvania line. A Union force was gathered to repel the invasion. July 9 the Rebels were at Frederick, and the Union army on the left bank of the Monocacy to cover Washington. It was a gallant fight; but Gen. Wallace was over-matched, and fell back. Early now, July 12, menaced both Washington and Baltimore ; and this explains the sudden transfer of the Nineteenth Corps to Washington and the Shenandoah. The Nineteenth Corps had mostly reached Fortress Monroe, and Grant ordered that and the Sixth at once to Washington. Early retreated across the Potomac at Edward's Ferry, with six thousand fresh horses and five thousand cattle. Wright followed as far as Leesburg. Grant was informed that Early was retreating to Richmond, and he determined to strike at Richmond from Petersburg before Early could reach there with his re-enforcements. In furtherance of this plan, the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps were ordered back to the Army of the Poto mac. This explains the rapid moves of the right wing during its brief service in the Army of the Potomac. But Grant had been misinformed : Early was not going southward, but turned, and defeated Crook at Winchester, July 24, driving him routed back to Martinsburg. Averill had previously, on the 20th, fought a battle at Winchester, finally ousting the Rebels. The defeat of Crook explains the sudden return of the Sixth 188 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. and Nineteenth Corps to Maryland and the Valley ; it explains the sudden embarkation of the right wing from Bermuda Hundred ; it explains why the left wing, when it arrived at Fortress Monroe, from Louisiana, was ordered directly to Wash ington. We have briefly recounted the long and wretched series of failures, blunders, and treasons . enacted in the Shenandoah. Space has been given to this resume", because it is absolutely essential to a correct appreciation of Sheridan's masterly cam paign and his magnificent successes. August 2 Grant sent Sheridan to Washington to straighten the distractions on the Potomac and in the Valley. A new, unprecedented, and heroic era was dawning upon that region. The first gleam of the coming day, whose golden hours were to mark no disaster, was already shooting athwart the Blue Ridge, gilding the signal heights of Massanutten ; and, arching that fatal valley, as a bow of promise, it rested on the North- Mountain ranges, the western wall of the Shenandoah. So much was Gen. Grant concerned for the success of the new regime, that on the 4th of August he visited Harper's Ferry. The order, appointing Sheridan commander of the new Middle Department, appeared on the 7th ; and he at once as sumed direction of affairs. Sheridan's entire force amounted to nearly thirty thousand, while Early had twenty thousand. The disparity of strength between the two armies was more apparent than real ; for the Rebels were at home, many of them fighting on their own farms ; they were among friends ; were familiar with every cross-road ; they were effectively abetted by the Rebel inhabit ants, and by bodies of men who were lively bushwhackers at night and demure non-combatants by day. Early, in his advantages, was a full match for Sheridan. The Rebels were brave men and hard fighters ; but Early had to learn that no such commander as Phil Sheridan had ever led a Union host up that rarest valley of the sunny South. What his men were, their record tells. The following pages will show that a decisive, onward move- LOOKOUT NEAR HARPER'S FERRY. SHERIDAN'S CAMPAIGN. 189 ment was not at once pressed by Sheridan. That was not his fault. So bitter had been the previous experience, that Grant was cautious, — wisely so, — and waited for the ripe occasion. His command then — September 16 — was in the words, " Go in ! " and every Fourteenth boy knows how Sheridan went in and how the Johnnies went out. THE LEFT WING. July 30 the left wing of the Fourteenth, camped near Chain Bridge, received orders to move, and just before dark started for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Station in Washington. Transportation not being ready, the battalion slept on the pavement. At daybreak next morning the cars were ready ; and at eight o'clock the train left for Monocacy Junction, the wagon-train proceeding via Rockville on the Frederick Pike. Lieut. Blan chard left the battalion, sick. That afternoon Monocacy was reached ; and shelter-tents were pitched in an open field near the river, in one of the loveliest bits of riparian scenery to be found in the South. August 1 other detachments of the Nineteenth Corps arrived, and, until the whole corps could be brought together, - were temporarily organized under acting Brigadier-Gen. Macaulay. At that time apples and peaches were abundant, the inhabitants generously supplying the troops with large quantities. At five P.M. of the 4th, the left wing on two trains started for Harper's Ferry. The cars were crowded within and on top. The train was run at a fearful speed, provoking the remark that the boys were as safe on the " Daniel Webster," off Cape Hatteras in a gale, as swaying along in such a rickety train at forty-five miles an hour. Some of the men steadied themselves by thrusting their bayonets through the roofs of the cars. At nine o'clock in the evening, Harper's Ferry was reached ; the train not being able to run over the bridge, as the Rebels had again destroyed it. The battalion marched up on the Mary land side of the Potomac, and crossed just above the govern ment buildings on a pontoon bridge. 190 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. The Fourteenth had begun its campaign in the Valley. Marching through the town, the battalion bivouacked on the heights near the cemetery, just within a line of breastworks. In the confusion and darkness Company F, Lieut. Hadley com manding, became separated from the other three, and remained with an Iowa regiment. The next morning, August 5, the last company found its place; and the battalion awaited orders all day, expecting to move every moment. At two o'clock A.M. on the 6th, the troops were roused; and at four o'clock, in a heavy rain, the army advanced to Halltown, four miles, and occupied a strong position on a high ridge parallel with the pike, — the same occu pied by the whole of the Fourteenth two weeks later. There the army was greatly augmented ; other portions of the Sixth, Eighth, and Nineteenth Corps arriving, with a considerable force of cavalry. At this point it will not be amiss to glance at the Nineteenth Army Corps, and notice its record, — a record which the Four teenth was thenceforth to assist in making still more resplen dent. The corps was organized in the South-west, and had served there in arduous and hard-fought campaigns. Comment ing upon the Red-river campaign, the following is the testi mony of one of the greatest historians of the war, concerning one of the divisions of this corps : " Emory's division had saved our army, and probably our fleet also." " The Chicago Tribune " contained the following : " In our retreat, as we emerged into a more open piece of woods, we came upon Emory's division of the Nineteenth Corps, forming, in magnificent order, in line of battle across the road. Each regiment of this fine division quietly awaited the approach of the Rebels. On they came, screaming, and firing in good order and with closed ranks. All at once, from that firm line of gallant soldiers, standing so bravely between us and our exultant pursuers, there came forth a course of reverberating thunder that rolled from flank to flank in one continuous roll, sweeping the Rebel ranks away in dismay. In vain the Rebels strove to rally from this terrible fire. They fell back most terribly punished." CHASING EARLY. 191 The Nineteenth Corps was fully up to the fighting and dis ciplinary level of the splendid Sixth Corps, inured to the tre mendous campaigning of the Army of the Potomac. Such was the fighting material which " Little Phil " wielded in the Shenandoah Valley. The cavalry which joined the army at Halltown were Torbert's and Wilson's divisions from the Army of the Potomac. The stop at Halltown was of great advantage to the army ; as the men were fed up, washed up, cheered up, and generally inspirited to an excellent fighting trim. During the night of the 9th a full supply of clothing was issued to the army. The left wing was temporarily brigaded under Col. Moli- neaux. At five A.M. August 10, the army advanced. That first day was a reminder of what might be expected under a general who " pushed things." The weather was so intensely hot, and the marching was so rapid, that the men dropped out exhausted by scores. The Nineteenth-Corps column marched directly through Charlestown. A description of this event will be found under the titles " Music in the Army " and " After Twenty Years." The army camped that night near Berryville, having marched sixteen miles. The enemy was reported near at hand. August 11 reveille sounded at four A.M., and a little after five the army was in motion. Marched to Berryville, formed line of battle, threw out skirmishers; and in this uncomfortable manner of marching traversed three miles of woods, underbrush, and broken country ; then moved by the right flank in battalion columns so as at a moment's notice to swing into line of battle. The enemy never would catch Sheridan napping. Another day of intense heat. The writer marched until he reeled into the ditch, and lay there for an hour unable to move. There was always a punishment for all falling out of line, — the army moved right on, and the regiment must be overtaken before supper or bed could be enjoyed. On several occasions the last of the stragglers came in at eleven and twelve o'clock at night. Orders were given to rest the men ten minutes out of each hour, and this merciful precaution reduced the number of stragglers. 192 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. A provost-guard followed in rear of the army, and drove on all who fell out, putting the sick into ambulances. There was something suspicious about many of the cases of sickness. At any rate, the ambulances were pretty well loaded. The infantry marched on either side of the pike, leaving that for the artillery and wagon-trains. Fourteen miles were covered that day. On the 12th the chase of Early was pressed with still greater vigor; and the sufferings of the men exceeded previous experi ence, yet they kept in good spirits. The division containing the left wing was in the advance, pressing the enemy. From Berryville the army did not turn west, toward Win chester, as it did more than a month later, but moved straight on south toward Cedar Creek and Strasburg, leaving Winches ter away to the right. It was not Gen. Sheridan's intention to move any farther south than Berryville before encountering the enemy. His plan was, to follow the Winchester pike west from Berryville, and force a battle at Winchester. But the wily Rebel would not stand ; Merritt's cavalry, fighting up to Kerns- town, discovering the whole force of the enemy in full retreat up the Valley. Hence the advance to Cedar Creek direct from Berryville. On the night of the 12th the left wing camped very nearly where it did later, in October, on the Cedar-Creek battle-field. Indeed, the whole army occupied nearly the identical position'; Crook being on the left of the pike, the Nineteenth Corps to the right, and the Sixth Corps still farther to the right, across Meadow Run. During the previous days there had been more or less fighting, and the infantry frequently kept step to distant cannonading ; but at Cedar Creek the army came to a forced stop. Across the creek was the enemy, and the cavalry could not dis lodge them. Picket-firing grew sharp and extended, and there were signs of a general engagement. At nine o'clock that night the entire left wing was ordered on picket, being posted across Meadow Run, and down to the banks of Cedar Creek. On the evening of the 13th, the battalion was relieved, and returned to its camp. The day had been quiet. On the mornings of the 14th and 15th the army was roused, and stood at arms from A DANGEROUS TRAP. 193 four o'clock to six, in order to prevent an anticipated sur prise. A portion of the army, on the 15th, made a reconnoissance toward Fisher's Hill, with some smart fighting. In that portion of the army to the rear of us — near Middletown — a Rebel spy was hung. Grover's second division of the Nineteenth Corps, including our own right wing, had not yet arrived from Washington ; and Sheridan's strength at this time was but eighteen thousand infantry and thirty-five hundred cavalry. Early was camped on Fisher's Hill, his right on the Shenandoah, his left on the Little North Mountain. The Massanutten Range begins at Cedar Creek, and divides the Shenandoah into two valleys ; the east erly one being the Luray, famous in all these campaigns, and now famous for its caverns. Here was a dangerous trap for Sheridan ; for, if he pursued Early up the Valley farther, another Rebel force, coming down the Luray Valley over the Front-Royal pike, would get in his rear, and cut him off, leaving him between two armies. This is precisely what the Rebels attempted with the Union army north of the creek; and it was information of this, and orders from Gen. Grant to act only on the defensive until re-enforced, that caused such a rapid and mysterious retreat down the Val ley to Halltown. Some of the men growled at being rushed up the Valley only to be rushed down again ; but they had not got acquainted with Sheridan, nor were they great strategists. It was not the only occasion, when, if they had known more, they would have said less. On the 13th our cavalry recon noitred beyond Cedar Creek to Strasburg. On the morning of the 14th, Sheridan sent a brigade of cavalry to Front Royal to settle the rumors of a Rebel re-enforcement through the Luray Valley. At the same time the Sixth Corps crossed Cedar Creek, and occupied the heights above Strasburg. That very day Grant, who was watching the valley carefully, got a despatch through by courier to Sheridan, informing him that two divisions of infantry, some cavalry, and twenty pieces of artillery, had left Richmond to re-enforce Early. Sheridan 194 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. thus gives his conclusions : " I at once looked over the map of the valley for a defensive line ; that is, where a smaller number of troops could hold a greater number : and I could see but one such ; I refer to that at Halltown, in front of Harper's Ferry. Subsequent experience has convinced me that no other really defensive line exists in the Shenandoah Valley. I therefore determined to move back to Halltown, carry out my instruc tions to destroy forage and subsistence, and increase my strength by Grover's division of the Nineteenth Corps and Wilson's divis ion of cavalry, both of which were marching to join me via Snicker's Gap." The enemy enjoyed one advantage which caused the Union commander a good deal of annoyance. On the north summit of Massanutten, Early established a signal station, and looked right down upon every Union move. Sheridan sent a small force and captured the post, destroying the station. Early retaliated by pushing up a larger force, retaking the heights, and re-establishing his provoking signalling. At eleven o'clock on the night of August 15 the left wing began the retrogressive movement. It was generally understood that a retreat was meant. There was danger enough surrounding the army to spice the occasion, and lift the column out of the monotony of a weary march. None of the Fourteenth present will ever forget the wild picturesqueness of that midnight re treat. It was a dismal night, with the rain falling heavily. The camp-fires were ordered to be replenished and to be left burning brightly. They cast strange shadows of an army steal ing away from its position in front of a vigilant foe. The left wing pressed on in rapid march until daylight, many of the men sleeping considerably while keeping their places in line. At six A.M. the column filed into an open field just out side of Winchester, line was formed, arms stacked ; and the men dropped like stones, sleeping all the forenoon, with no protec tion from the morning sun. That day, the 16th, Sheridan moved his headquarters back to Winchester. On the morning of the 17th the whole army was in motion toward Berryville and Clifton, the latter position being occu- GROVER'S DIVISION. 195 pied by the Sixth and Eighth Corps. On the afternoon of that day the Union cavalry fell back to Winchester. That morning Early had been apprised by his signal officer of the retreat of Sheridan, and at once began a headlong pursuit. The Rebels got into Winchester at sundown, driving out our cavalry, and one brigade of the Sixth Corps. The same evening Early was re-enforced by Kershaw's divisioif and two brigades of Fitz Lee's cavalry. This was the force of whose approach Grant had notified Sheridan. On the morning of the 18th Grover's division joined the army, although the two wings of the Fourteenth were not re united until the next day. This morning the corps marched until nine A.M., then halted until four P.M., when the march was resumed, the army bivouacking at dark about two miles south of Charlestown. THE RIGHT WING. As related in Part III., the right wing of the Fourteenth had joined the Army of the Potomac. The reasons for the with drawal of the entire Nineteenth Corps from that army have also been given. The following continues the record of the right wing until its union with the other battalion and with Sheri dan's army. At daylight on the 31st of July, the brigade marched to Ber muda Hundred, and embarked for Washington on the steamer " S. R. Spaulding," which sailed at noon with the brigade head quarters, Fourteenth New Hampshire, and Twelfth Me. on board, and arrived at Washington at noon, August 1. At five P.M. the brigade was ordered to disembark, and proceed to Fred erick by rail. After a night spent in embarking, the troops were ordered in the morning (August 2) to disembark, and proceed to Tennally- town, seven miles from the Capitol, where they arrived in the evening of the same day, and went into camp. They remained here until the morning of the 14th, when they marched for Snicker's Gap. Twelve miles from Tennally- 196 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. town a halt was made about noon ; and the march was resumed the following morning, Broad Run being reached a little before noon. The troops bore the march well, and remained in good condition, arriving at Leesburg the 16th, after a ten-hours' march. The next day they went into camp near the mountains, but had remained but a few hours when orders were received to proceed to Berryville ; and in little more than half an hour the men were again on the march, crossing the Blue Ridge at Snicker's Gap. The Shenandoah was forded early in the evening ; and the weary troops reached Berryville at midnight, only to march again at five o'clock in the morning, joining the Nineteenth Corps just outside the town. The army was then falling back on Harper's Ferry. After a few hours' halt during the middle of the day, the march was resumed ; and at 9.30 p.m. the brigade took up its position about two miles from Charlestown, the Sixth Corps on the right, and the Eighth Corps on the left, of the brigade. Gen. Birge and staff, with some others, slept that night on fence-rails, with no blankets, and without having any supper. During the night of the 18th, Grover's division reached its position in line ; and on the morning of the 19th the two wings were re-united, after having been separated for more than five weeks. The right wing had depleted its companies during that time more than the left. Here occurred a difficulty quite common in many regiments, but rare in the Fourteenth ; i.e., a difficulty between two com panies. There had always existed considerable not ill-natured jealousy, throughout the regiment, of one or two companies, which were supposed to be more favored than the others. Perhaps some were ahead of others in the matters of privilege and promotion ; and, if so, it would be an unprofitable task to discuss the reasons or pretexts for such discrimination. It may occur to an outsider, that possibly some companies were better than others. But the episode here considered cannot be re ferred to any jealousy. There was some "pure cussedness" A SLIGHT SCRIMMAGE. 197 somewhere ; and, in an organization not so thoroughly amenable to discipline as the Fourteenth, the consequences might have been serious. The trouble was between F and K. One com pany accused the other of stealing its rails, boards, etc. It is rather late in the day to inquire which was the accuser and which the accused. Those rails and boards were stolen in the first place, and it was a question of who did the second stealing. The aggrieved party clung to the legal maxim of " honor among thieves," and company spirit ran high. F was arrayed against K ; and those who knew least of the origin of the trouble, were most furious in denunciation of the other company. They were ready to go in and have a row of some dimensions. The six subsequent weeks of campaigning took pretty much all of this subsidiary fighting vim out of those eager spirits. The row waxed to that dignity where the major — that was just before the right wing arrived — ordered the officers to settle it. When Major Gardiner gave an emphatic order, it was always found convenient to obey it. There was some backing down ; and some rails changed hands again, though they were fearfully shrunken a la Old Claggetts. August 20 the Fourteenth lay quiet, receiving a big mail from home. On the morning of the 21st it advanced a little toward the enemy, to straighten the general line, and was busy all day in throwing up a respectable earth-line of defences. Early had, on the 19th, extended his left to Bunker Hill ; and on the 21st he threw forward his left to Summit Point, his right resting on Winchester. ' His line of battle ran north and south, facing east. The Union line faced west, commanding the fords of the Opequan ; the line running from the Smithfield pike through Clifton, and crossing the Berryville pike. On the 21st Early attempted to get into the rear of Sheri dan's right by moving a force rapidly through Smithfield, but he failed. All day there was heavy skirmishing, Early press ing Sheridan's right considerably. Early says that he " made a general movement toward Harper's Ferry," and he only waited for re-enforcements from his centre to make a general attack. 198 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. When he got his re-enforcements, there was nothing to attack; for at eleven p.m. the Union army suddenly fell back, and, marching nearly all night, took position on the ridges at Hall town. Early makes the ridiculous statement that "Sheridan had taken a strong position under the protection of the heavy guns on Maryland Heights." The Union troops never dreamed of such distant protection. Sheridan did have a line extending across the Valley from the Potomac to the Shenandoah, and Early dared not press upon it. For the next few days there were several reconnoissances by both sides, and frequent skirmishing between the armies, which really amounted to battles. On the 25th occurred an engagement which was a mutual surprise. And in this event the wonderful mastery of the science of war by Sheridan is apparent. A less able commander would have been outwitted. Sheridan was constantly feeling of the enemy, and on the 25th sent out a heavy cavalry recon noissance. This body met a strong force of Rebel infantry and cavalry marching toward Williamsport. Early had weakened his main line, to send off this raiding party. Sheridan after ward believed that the Rebel leader was up to his old trick of crossing into Maryland and creating another panic. Early explains it by saying, " I intended to move to Williamsport, as if to cross into Maryland, in order to keep up the fear of an invasion of Pennsylvania." At any rate, when the Yankee cavalry met his secretly planned expedition in a smart battle, he thought the whole manoeuvre had been discovered, and that Sheridan would pounce upon his weakened line ; so he raced his infantry back into line again. His movement so isolated Cus ter's brigade of cavalry from the remainder of the Union recon noissance, that he had to go away round through Williamsport and Harper's Ferry before he could join the army again. On the 26th there was heavy skirmishing well up to our lines; and the Fourteenth boys will remember the fine spectacle which they beheld beneath them, in the fields where the long and per sistent lines of smoke-puffs showed the range of the contest. We now come to the entering wedge which finally split the EARLY RETREATING. 199 Rebel phalanx in the Valley, and utterly disintegrated treason between the Blue Ridge and the North Mountains. Early was getting an idea into his head entirely new to him. He was finding his match — and more. He was getting anxious, and that anxiety was a speedy leaven. During the night of the 26th he showed his heels to the " Yanks," and retreated to his line covering Winchester, his left at Bunker Hill, with a cavalry force at Stephenson's Depot, away in front of his left. On the 28th the whole Union army advanced to Charlestown ; while the cavalry attacked the advanced post above mentioned, and drove it back. On the 29th Averill, with his cavalry, moved from Williams port to Martinsburg ; but, as this was a smart menace of the enemy's left, they drove him back again across the Potomac. The next day there was a hard battle on our right, at Smith- field Bridge, where the Rebel cavalry drove the Union troops smartly until Sheridan re-enforced them, when the Johnnies took a much stiffer dose of their own physic. The camp or bivouac — these terms are not used with dis tinctive accuracy — of the Fourteenth at Charlestown was de lightfully located in an undulating field covered by a fine piece of timber. An immense spring of excellent water near by rendered the spot an admirable one for its use. Here another phase of the beautiful " Garden of the South " was seen and enjoyed. The men were well recovered from the fearful strain of the first marching in this lively campaign. When the army first ad vanced up the Valley, it suffered beyond description. Day after day scores of men in the Fourteenth were roused for the day's march when it was agony for them to stand upon their feet. Blisters puffed out from the bottoms of their feet, covering half the treading surface. Every step for the first hour was torture ; and then, getting "limbered up" and inured to the pain, they cheerfully jogged on, to repeat the experience on the next morning. The writer has some reason to know that this is no exaggeration. The prudent sufferers washed their feet every night, never in the morning, and, before starting each day, 200 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. soaped the inside of their socks thoroughly. Then, if they were tolerably well shod, sore feet could be cured while marching every day. From the 1st to the 3d of September there was a lull in manoeuvring and fighting. On the 3d Averill made a determined push eastward from Martinsburg, defeating the Rebel cavalry, and capturing valua ble property. In concert with this, the infantry moved on and occupied the position stretching from Clifton to Berryville; the Sixth Corps going by Summit Point, the Nineteenth by the Berryville pike. Crook was on the left, beyond Berryville. It was at twilight on the evening of the 3d that the Four teenth filed to the right from the pike, having marched from Charlestown, and, after proceeding for half a mile through wooded and open country, camped on the ridge, where it re mained for more than a fortnight. The boys will remember the hour's halt on the pike before the column turned aside for camp ing, and will, perhaps, much more readily recall the hour's firing just in front while the line was moving from the pike to the camp. It was thought that the Fourteenth was getting into a very warm place. This is the explanation of that engagement, which was liveliest just after dark. Torbert, with his cavalry, had been ordered to White Post — away beyond our left and toward the enemy — early in the day ; and it was one of Early's bright ideas to cut him off. Coming across the Opequan, Ker shaw's division aimed for him, but had not calculated on being opposed by infantry. But Sheridan was not up there for child's play, and it so happened that Crook was right there ; and Ker shaw found it out just about dark ; and a good deal after dark the situation was so illuminated by Crook's charges that Kershaw was able to take those of his men who were not killed, at a lively gait back to the Opequan. In that blood the camp near Berryville was christened. A good view of this camp is given. Both armies remained in about the same position until the famous 19th. At this time there was very little difference in the strength of the opposing forces. ISil 1 ' '¦ DELAY AT BERRYVILLE. 201 Sheridan thus explains his delay at Berryville : " As I had learned beyond doubt, from my scouts, that Kershaw's division, which consisted of four brigades, was to be ordered back to Richmond, I had for two weeks patiently awaited its withdrawal before attacking, believing the condition of affairs throughout the country required great prudence on my part, that a defeat of the forces of my command could be ill afforded, and knowing that no interests in the Valley, save those of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, were suffering by the delay. In this view I was coinciding with the lieutenant-general commanding." Early states that Lee had asked the return of Kershaw's divis ion ; and what Sheridan denominates an attempt to cut off Torbert at White Post — above described — Early says was the attempt of Kershaw to return to Lee through the Blue-Ridge passes. He then recounts his discovery of the long line of Sheridan ; his inability to flank it ; also Sheridan's strong posi tion, which he was fortifying ; and the hazard of an attack in front. These considerations induced him to draw back his army around Winchester, and retain Kershaw, hoping that Sheridan would move out of his strong position and attack him. If history is true, he was amply gratified when the spirit moved " Little Phil." From this time to the 19th, Sheridan kept his cavalry busy, constantly harassing the enemy at all points ; and, as he says, his " cavalry was becoming educated to attack infantry lines." On the 13th the Union forces, both of cavalry and infantry, made heavy reconnoissances; the former achieving a brilliant success at Abraham's Creek, the spot soon after marched over by the Fourteenth. Early's naive description of the affair is so funny that we give it : "A very sharp artillery duel across the creek then took place ; and some of my infantry crossed over, when the enemy retired." Yes, Gen. Early, some of your in fantry did cross over ; but you forget to mention that a large "some" of them did not go back again until they were ex changed. It is true, as Early says, that "the enemy retired : " but his memory is again defective ; for he does not record, that, when it " retired," the enemy took with it the Eighth S. C. In- 202 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. fantry, entire, as prisoners of war. The pleasantest thing Early can do, is to forget as much as possible. On the same day as the above, Getty's division of the Sixth Corps pressed up to the Opequan, — six miles from the Union lines, — developing a heavy Rebel force at the fords. About this time the first brigade of Grover's division, including the Fourteenth, made a recon noissance in front of its position, Col. Wilson commanding, and the regiment was then, for the first time, actually under musketry fire. The men hardly enjoyed the absurd pastime of attempting to dodge the bullets. On the 13th the men began to stand at arms from four o'clock until daylight, a surprise being feared. On the 17th a large number of recruits arrived, most of them being excellent men, fully up to the standard of the original material. The events soon following were a trying ordeal for them, several of them having hardly learned the facings in line before the first great battle laid them in soldiers' graves. It may be well here to state that the first brigade, second division, Nineteenth Corps, was constituted as follows, from right to left : Ninth Conn., Fourteenth New Hampshire, Twen ty-sixth Mass., Fourteenth Me., Twelfth Me., and Seventy-fifth N. Y. Just before the battle of Winchester, the position of the Rebel forces was as follows : Ramseur's division and Nelson's battalion of artillery were on the road from- Berryville to Win chester, one mile from the latter place. Rodes's, Gordon's, and Wharton's divisions (the last two being under Breckinridge), and Braxton's and King's battalions of artillery, were at-Stephen- son's depot on the Winchester and Potomac Railroad, which is six miles from Winchester. Lomax's cavalry were picketed in Early's front on the Opequan, and on his left from that stream to North Mountain ; while Fitz Lee's cavalry watched the right, having small pickets across to the Shenandoah. Berryville is ten miles from Winchester, nearly east, and Martinsburg twenty-two miles, nearly north. The crossing of the Opequan on the Berryville road is four or five miles from Winchester. From Berryville there are two good roads to Front Royal, via Millwood and White Post ; and from Millwood there is a mac- THE IMPENDING CONTEST. 203 adamized road to Winchester, and also good roads via White Post to the valley pike at Newtown and Middletown, the last two roads running east of the Opequan. The whole country is very open, being a limestone country, which is thickly settled and well cleared, and affords great facilities for the movement of troops and the operations of cavalry. Early affirms that his reason for holding that position was to " keep the enemy from using the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the canal, and to keep as large a force as possible away from Grant." If Early could have fought as well as he disfig ured the truth and drank apple-jack, the Rebellion might have succeeded — in the Valley. The following remarkable opinion of Jubal Early, in which he refers to the month just preceding the battle of the Opequan, will probably amuse the Fourteenth boys as much as any passage between these covers. "The events of the last month had satisfied me that the commander opposed to me was without enterprise, and pos sessed' an excessive caution which amounted to timidity. If it was his policy to produce the impression that his force was too weak to fight me, he did not succeed : but if it was to convince me that he was not an able or energetic commander, his strategy was a complete success, and subsequent events have not changed my opinion." His countenance must have worn a broad grin, when he fig ured np the opposing forces, as they confronted each other Sep tember 18, as follows : Sheridan, thirty-five thousand infantry, ten thousand cavalry, total forty-five thousand ; Early, eighty- five hundred infantry, twenty-nine hundred cavalry, total eleven thousand four hundred. Sheridan has exposed the slight inac curacy of these figures by showing that he took more than twice as many prisoners as Early admits having in his entire army. The fact is, as previously stated, that the two armies were about equal, with Early enjoying several obvious and important advantages. 204 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. BATTLE OP THE OPEQUAN. Sheridan had determined not to manoeuvre Early up the Valley, but to fight him out of it, — to break the Rebel power once and for all in the " Granary of the Confederacy." But he did not intend to fight the battle of the Opequan (or, as it is popularly termed, the battle of Winchester) until the action was begun in the early morning. Having learned, on the 15th, that Kershaw, with two divisions, was moving through Win chester to Front Royal, Sheridan determined to fight at New town : that is, he proposed to abandon his own line entirely, move round by the left flank between Newtown and Winches ter, stretch his army across the Valley, and so cut off Early's retreat up the Valley, and compel him to fight for life. The same day Gen. Grant visited Sheridan, and commended the plan. The orders were all issued for the move, the Fourteenth receiving notice Saturday night to break camp the next morn ing. This order was carried out ; and the men were somewhat surprised at having to occupy the dismantled camp through the whole of Sunday and Sunday night. This is the explanation : On the afternoon of that Sunday, the 18th, Averill informed Sheridan that Early had moved two divisions to Martinsburg. Sheridan at once altered his plan, determining to strike the two divisions remaining at Stephenson's depot, and then attack the force which had moved to Martinsburg. For this purpose the. army moved across the Opequan on the morning of the 19th of September. At one o'clock that morning the Fourteenth was aroused, cooked its coffee hurriedly, and at two o'clock was on the march. The column moved across the fields, and struck the Winchester pike just beyond Berryville, the infantry marching each side, while the wagon-trains kept the pike. The column in which the first brigade marched kept to the right of the pike. Just before reaching the ford of the Opequan, the Nine teenth Corps was unfortunately delayed for about two hours. The blame has never been fixed to everybody's satisfaction. Certain it is that the wagons of the Sixth Corps blocked up UNACCOUNTABLE DELAY. 205 the way and prevented the Nineteenth Corps from closing up promptly to the rear of the Sixth. It is equally certain that those wagons ought to have been parked out of the way ; yet it is not possible to say precisely why they were not. This and another circumstance favored Early, precipitated a battle on ground which Sheridan did not select until after daylight, and in many ways affected the progress of the campaign. Sheridan was apprised, early in the morning, that he had got to fight the entire Rebel army between the Opequan Creek and Winchester. Early did move two divisions to Martinsburg on the 18th ; and while there, through a traitor or a spy, he learned from the telegraph-office, which Sheridan had open there, that Grant was with the Union army. This put him on his guard; and the two divisions were marched back as far as Bunker Hill, being within call on the 19th. The delay of the Nineteenth Corps enabled Early to mass his force. In conjunction with the infantry movement on our right, Torbert and Merritt ad vanced their cavalry from Summit Point toward Stephenson's depot. Farther to the right Averill was swinging round, and moving on the Martinsburg pike toward Bunker Hill and Win chester, to operate, when the time came, on the Rebel left flank. Away to the left of Abraham's Creek, Wilson was moving his cavalry to get around the Rebel right so as to cut off his line of retreat. At this point the aim of the Union cavalry was frustrated all day by Lomax's cavalry. About 7 o'clock the ford of the Opequan was reached (see illustration) ; and soon after Abraham's Creek was crossed, and the Nineteenth Corps hurried through the gorge which was the key to the Union position. Before the defile, which was well covered with thick undergrowth, was passed, a sight confronted the troops which peculiarly affected the Fourteenth, as it was en tirely novel to a regiment unused to fighting. The shaded grass for some distance flanking the pike was covered with wounded men, the results of the cavalry fight of the early morning. A field hospital had been established, and the surgeon's knife was in full play. The faces of the Fourteenth boys grew pale, their teeth were set, and the conviction ran through the ranks 206 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. that the hour of desperate battle was about to strike. Such a spectacle was not the most cheerful of preparations for a green battalion, as it nerved itself for the first great shock of war. The Nineteenth Corps held to the pike until within two and a half miles of Winchester, and then filed to the right and halted, occupying higher ground. The corps was formed in four lines, with the first brigade of the second division holding the right of the front line ; and, as the Ninth Conn, was detached for a flanking regiment, the Fourteenth New Hampshire held the right of the front of the entire line of battle. The army was drawn up with the Nineteenth Corps on the right, the Sixth Corps on the left, flanked by cavalry, the Eighth Corps held in reserve to be used in turning the left flank of the enemy. The lines were formed before ten o'clock, and the front line was then advanced a short distance, halting just before reaching a piece of timber. Here the men rested for nearly two hours ; the last two hours of mortal life for many of the noblest of the Fourteenth, our comrades for more than two years of hard ser vice in arms. With perfect unconcern the men lay down, most of them snatching an early dinner from their haversacks. Noth ing in the demeanor of the troops indicated an expected battle. Never were they more quiet and composed ; and little pleasant ries were bantered between those who, just beyond those woods, before high noon should strike, would utter the last groan, or die without a groan. Sheridan had personally directed the formation of the army. The front line crossed the Berryville pike two and a quarter miles east of Winchester, and two and and a half miles from the Opequan Creek. The line of battle extended from Abra ham's Creek on the left to Red Bud Run on the right, a distance of one mile and a third ; while from Wilson away to the left the great semicircle of Union manoeuvring extended around to Averill on the right, a distance of almost six miles. The Sixth Corps was on each side of the pike, while the Fourteenth Regi ment — the right of the Nineteenth Corps — was seven hundred yards to the right of the pike. This was the Union position at 11.40 A.M. o c POSITION OF THE FORCES. 207 The Rebel line at that time was as follows from right to left : Lomax's cavalry, Ramseur's, Rodes's, — just arrived, — and Gor don's divisions of infantry, with Fitz Lee's cavalry and battery on the immediate left. Wharton and Breckenridge do not appear to have engaged in the battle until afternoon. The Rebels were strongly posted. The Fourteenth remained in line for two hours before the general advance was ordered. Col. Walker, in his history of the Vermont Brigade, declares that "it was noon before the Nineteenth Corps had reached its place, and was formed in three or four lines on the right of the Sixth." The only comment to be made on the above is, that the colonel is entirely mistaken, as the context shows. We notice but one other of the misstate ments of this writer. Farther on, the inaccuracies of another Sixth Corps historian will be alluded to. That corps did not lack in appreciation of its own services, nor, sometimes, in dis paragement of other organizations. Col. Walker remarks of the first charge : " The Nineteenth Corps appears to have gone in impetuously and with little order." The comments of the following pages will meet this false criticism ; but we leave to the eulogist of the Vermont Brigade the explanation of the break-up on the right of the Sixth Corps during that first advance. Sheridan had got his army in hand, and was about to meet the pompous Rebel general, and try the metal of the two armies. Company E, of the Fourteenth, Capt. Tolman, did not go into the battle in the beginning, as it had been detailed for several weeks, a pioneer company at brigade headquarters. On the morning of the battle Capt. Tohnan was ordered to the rear in charge of intrenching tools. Afterward, on his own responsibility, he led his company in, and was then ordered to rejoin the regiment, which he did near the close of the action, rendering important service. Col. Gardiner ordered Lieut. Sturtevant to deploy his com pany, G, as skirmishers. Before the skirmish-line deployed, the colonel ordered two of the band, members of Company G, 208 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. to be detailed to follow the line, and assist the wounded. The band-leader called for volunteers ; and Joseph S. Doolittle and Thomas S. Mower immediately stepped forward, and accom panied the skirmishers. Lieut. Sturtevant was the only officer in his company. He marched his men to the front a few minutes before ten o'clock, and then deployed by the right flank. His bugler being absent, sick, Lieut. Fiske, of K, loaned his bugler, J. M. Smith, who stuck to the line gallantly until Lieut. Sturtevant was struck down. As the skirmish-line moved off, Lieut. Fiske grasped the hand of his friend, and said, " Good-by, John : take care of your self." There was a prevalent feeling that the impending move ment was " into the jaws of death." The skirmish-line of the Fourteenth advanced through the woods, and halted under cover ; the right of the line resting on Red Bud Run, while the left joined the skirmishers of the Twenty-sixth Mass. At eleven o'clock Col. Gardiner — he had been mustered as colonel only the day before — called the officers to the rear and centre, and, facing the men about, informed them that we were surrounded, the enemy was in our rear, and that we must cut our way out to the front. That direction must have come from some higher authority, although it never could have emanated from Sheridan. There was no truth whatever in the informa tion; and the motive for so instructing the Fourteenth was presumably grounded in the fear, that, as the regiment had never been tried under heavy fire, it might waver. It must have been the aim to frighten the weak-kneed ones into keep ing in fine by picturing the danger of an attempt to run to the rear. At any rate, it was an unworthy artifice, originating in the mind of some one who little knew the temper of the New- Hampshire boys. The communication produced no appreciable effect, and elicited little comment. At 11.40 A.M. the general advance was ordered. As quietly as on parade the men stepped to their places in the ranks. The Union army was in motion, entering the cover at once. The first line of the Nineteenth Corps, Grover's division, consisted of THE BATTLE OPENED. '209 the first and third brigades. The second line, lorry rods to the rear, was formed bv the fourth and second brigades. Be hind the second line were the reserves, consisting of the first division in two lines. In passing through the belt of woods, a distance of six hundred yards, the alignment became somewhat disturbed : and the regiment was halted just before the clearing was reached, and the line straightened. The entire front line then moved out from cover, and advanced slowly into that ter rible open field of death. There was little premonition of the impending carnage : for nothing more than desultory firing was then heard along our front, and that was the preliminary death- play of the skirmishers. Even then the battle of the Opequan was not begun. It was the intention of Gen. Emory, under the direction of Sheridan, that the first line should advance to the centre of the field and lie down: vet here, as at BalakJava, "somebody blun dered." The comments published in many accounts of the battle are grossly misleading. There was either a dreadful blunder perpetrated, or. worse, a piece of criminal folly was indulged in ; bur the fault rests wholly with one man, a staff- officer who did give the order for the first brigade to charge. It was a dangerous command to issue, for the first brigade obeyed orders with an awful fidelity. As the line of battle moved through the woods, the skirmishers advanced, and reached a point halt-way across the open field, halting behind the stump fence, enduring a galling fire. They could hear the commands to the Rebel cannoneers on the bluff across the Run, to the richt ; and. altogether, the Fourteenth skirmish-line found itself in a hot svot. The enemy's picket-line received, the Union skir mishers with a rapid fire, there being no shelter after leaving the woods. When the skirmishers had pressed on half-way aeross the field, as before stated, the Rebel skirmish-line fell back, and the firing slackened. Just then Fitz Lee opened a finely posted battery with telling effect upon this slender advance of the Union force. Lieut, Sturtevant was the first member of the Fourteenth wounded, as when he was thrown fiat by an exploding shell, one piece enter- 210 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. ing his arm, the main line had not emerged from the woods. Lieut. Sturtevant tied up his arm, and remained at his post. When urged to go to the rear he refused. The skirmish-line found itself so far to the right, that, when the main line ad vanced, it was not supported. The enemy's line afterward advanced so close as to demand a surrender in pretty emphatic phrasing ; and with great difficulty the lieutenant extricated his company, which he did, the men falling back coolly and in good order. It is evident that Company G, by its steadiness and gallantry that day, proved the stuff it was made of in a splendid fashion, and emulated the discipline of veteran fighters. Lieut. Sturtevant hobbled back as far as possible, and was then carried from the field on a shelter tent. The main line had halted for five minutes. Then the order, " Forward ! " was given, and the Fourteenth entered the open field. That field, eight hundred and thirty yards across, was level for half the distance, and then sloped up to the next belt of woods. Immediately upon quitting the cover, the line came under fire, at first light and scattering. For one-third of the distance the advance was slow, deliberate, and in perfect order, the guide being to the left, the general front being governed by the move ment of the Sixth Corps. Thus far the Fourteenth had behaved as well as any regiment could. Would the men stand by the colors, and hold steadily to the work ? Could a regiment unused to fighting be depended upon to maintain the right of the line on such a momentous occasion ? The line was nearing the cen tre of the field, where it was intended it should lie down ; but no order to halt came. On the contrary, a staff officer rode up furiously, and, pointing to the woods in front, gave the order to charge. If that officer had forgotten his canteen of whiskey that morning, it is possible the order would never have been issued. " Charge bayonets ! " " Forward ! double-quick ! " were the orders, and the line sprang forward as by a mighty, irresisti ble impulse. There was nothing "impetuous " in that advance; the men never raised one cheer ; a spirit of solemnity seemed to breathe through the battalion : but the men were dreadfully in earnest. The wings did not quite keep their distance, but UNDER FIRE. 211 crowded the centre. Then ensued a desperate struggle, a re markable fight for position ; the men who were crowded out of line striving to regain their places. There again discipline told. There, with a regiment of men rolling down into the very vor tex of destruction, the writer witnessed the almost superhuman exertions of men to simply hold their places in the ranks. When half-way across the fatal field, the Fourteenth was ex posed to a murderous fire. The first volleys of the Rebels were too high ; the colors were riddled, and the terrible whistle and ping of Minie bullets just above their heads initiated the men into the society of death. The Fourteenth, inexperienced in fighting, was confronted by some of the finest troops of the South, inured to hard and continuous conflict. The enemy soon got down to efficient work, and then the men began to drop. Corpl. Charles A. Ball, of the-color guard, was probably the first man struck down ; and then they fell from right to left. It was indeed the havoc of an awful carnage. Some offi cer at the right of the battalion gave the order to fire, and the entire line commenced a rapid and fairly directed fire. The speed of the advance was slackened to admit of the firing. Here, in the centre of the field, fell, mortally wounded, the brave Colburn and the gallant Paul. Here, too, a little later, the accomplished captains Fosgate and Chaffin were shot dead. An illustration of the deadly effect of the fire to which the Fourteenth was then exposed is seen in the case of four men in Company F, who were together in line. Of these, Allen, Scott, and Bent were killed or mortally wounded ; and the writer alone escaped. But what was the effect of the death- dealing volleys on the progress of the line of battle ? Did it run? Did it break? Did it waver? It did not even halt. There were some cowards who were glad of the opportunity to get out of danger by stopping to help the wounded, when they knew there were ample details for this purpose. There were a few who skulked back without as much as this decent pretext : they wandered about, well out of danger, until the shooting was over, and then turned up smiling, ready to arrogate to them- 212 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. selves their full share' of the credit for the day's achievements. Yet it is safe to say that no regiment in that grand army was disgraced by a smaller number of skulkers than was the Four teenth. The line moved on with a momentum which the accurate and effective fire of the enemy seemed not even to check. It was near to the second belt of woods; the first brigade of Grover's division had swept on, entirely beyond the front of the remainder of the army. It is said that the order to halt was issued, but the men never received it. Col. Gardiner was on foot, fifty feet in the rear of his regiment; Hadley, the splendid young commander of F, fell, ahead of the line, with a fearful wound in the face ; Stone, a fine and promising young officer, was slain: yet the Fourteenth never faltered in the charge. And now the boys began to feel the thrill, the enthu siasm, the exultation, of battle. Those who had escaped, and kept in their place, had passed the period of fear ; and the wild intoxication of a great contest was nerving them on. Before the woods mentioned were reached, the men cheered, and rushed on at a faster pace. An unprejudiced observer, Major Gould, of another division, the historian of the Twenty-ninth Me., thus refers to this feat : " Grover's first line had charged with a fury that nothing could withstand ; but, being unsupported, it was out-flanked. It seems incredible that Grover could have worked ahead of us so far, in the very short time that he had been out of our sight." Up to this time, the battalion formation had been fairly well preserved ; but, as the woods were entered, the line was disarranged, the right and the left spreading apart. In this timber-belt, three hundred and fifty yards wide, oc curred the most desperate fighting of the day, some of it hand- to-hand. The breaking-up of the line just alluded to was caused by the terrible flanking fire from Fitz Lee's battery, stationed on an eminence across the Red Bud, not over six hundred yards away. The shells came screaming through the trees, lopping off branches, crippling the line, and destroying organization. A battery firing shells into a body of men is not only a mur- Hriiorype pre co. tosro// DESPERATE FIGHTING. 213 derous, it is a demoralizing, agency. The segregated line ad vanced with considerable celerity through the woods, the Rebel line being forced back in confusion. A single Union brigade had been hurled, like a thunderbolt, against two of the finest Southern divisions. The ground was won ; but it could not be held alone, by a line so terribly cut to pieces. Several prison ers were here taken by the Fourteenth ; and many of the men fought like demons, Sergt. Coombs of C being conspicuous. The officers attempted to re-form the men, straighten the line, and halt it ; but the men did not stop, pressing on through the woods, and down the slope into the opening beyond. There were so few who reached this advanced and extremely perilous position that the advance was stopped ; and the charge, which had extended for a mile and a hundred yards, there termi nated. The little handful of men remained there for about five minutes, firing rapidly at the enemy ; H. H. Howe, of F, being the most advanced man of the Fourteenth who was ob served by the writer. Again the Rebel fire grew brisk. Web ster, true as steel, was fatally wounded. Fiske, universally be loved, fell just before the retreat. The men waited for orders. One came to retreat ; but, when the men started to fall back, other officers endeavored to hold them up to the work. Capt. Ira Berrj was cool, determined, and conspicuous, in the very front. He was badly wounded, and was captured by the enemy. While advancing through the second woods, he was a full rod ahead of his company. Observing the left of the regiment breaking up, and confusion spreading on the right, and not hearing the order to retreat, he turned and commanded : " Company H, stand fast! " — and Company H stood as steady as on dress-parade. Lieut. Holmes then communicated to the captain the order to retreat : it was given, and back the com pany went at a lively gait. Lieut. Sargent fought like a tiger, with perfect recklessness. He seemed to take no account of Rebel bullets. Hurrying from point to point, he did his best to mai itain the ground. He was one of the last to retreat, was severely wounded, and taken prisoner. 214 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. When the war began Capt. Berry was a member of the Gulf- City Guards, of Mobile, Ala. ; and, when that organization entered the Rebel service, he declined to go. He was, however, for several months under Confederate pay in Mobile Harbor. As soon as practicable he came North. It was a remarkable coincidence that his old company should be the one to capture him. One of his former comrades rolled him over, supposing him dead, to unbuckle and appropriate his sword. When the captain found strength to rise, he was taken to the rear by his Mobile companions, who, happily, did not recognize him. When he reached the heights occupied by the Rebels in their last posi tion, he found himself with Lieut. Sargent ; and they planned to escape from their guards. It was decided that Capt. Berry should faint ; which he did, apparently, and Lieut. Sargent min istered to him. The impatient guards waited through one faint ing spell, but could not stand a second ; and went on, leaving the prisoners, who were still in the Rebel line, and persistently prevented from going to the rear by a cordon of provost-guards, set to stop the timid Johnnies from running away. Twice a Rebel soldier tried to get the lieutenant's rubber blanket, once firing a shot which was evidently intended to fin ish him. The shot took effect, but it went through Capt. Berry's arm. The second attempt was a success, the lieuten ant being jerked to the ground, and his blanket taken. Soon afterward Lieut. Sargent made a dash, and ran — into captiv ity; while Capt. Berry presently coaxed a mere boy among the provost-guard to take him, as a prisoner, to the rear. This boy had been a prisoner, and had received kind treatment from Union soldiers : so that, when a Rebel cavalryman came up and proposed to rob the captain of his jacket by force, the faithful young guard plainly informed him that he would get a bullet through him if he persisted in robbing his prisoner. The mounted Rebel hero desisted. Capt. Berry was taken to the Taylor House Rebel Hospi tal in Winchester, and, watching his opportunity, lay down between two wounded Rebels in the operating-room. Before long the Rebel surgeons put on their coats in a hurry ; there THE GREAT REPULSE. 215 was a surging through the town : the Johnnies were out and the Yanks were in ; and, after the strange vicissitudes of an eventful day, the wounded captain was among his friends, and under the old flag. The first brigade was cut to pieces; it had melted away. There were three reasons for this great disaster which led almost to irretrievable defeat. The first has already been de lineated. The second is found in the break which began on the right of the Sixth Corps, extending to the left of the Nine teenth, enabling a portion of Rodes's division to turn the flank of the latter. The third and unsavory reason for the repulse of the first line of Grover's division was that the second line entirely failed to support it. It will be remembered that the right of the second line was held by the fourth brigade, made up mostly of Indiana troops unsurpassed for — yelling. This brigade was handled in a most incompetent manner. It ad vanced through the first woods, found the first line was engaged in a fierce conflict, fired one volley, turned, and ran. They hardly got under fire at all. This brigade had been transferred from the Thirteenth Corps, in Louisiana ; and certainly it failed grossly in the moment of need. The Ninth Conn., an Irish regiment, was detached from the first brigade to act as a flank ing force, and should have silenced Fitz Lee's battery. It got lost (?) so safely, in the woods to the right of the line, that not a man was hit during the day ; and it remained there until the battle was over. That regiment never rejoined the brigade until the army was in Harrisonburg, and then it was ordered to march in the rear. It was fatally hot for the Fourteenth as it emerged from the woods on its retreat over the open field. Just at the edge of the woods Orderly-Sergt. Felch fell. Our accomplished and heroic Col. Gardiner' was last seen marching to the rear slowly, with sword lying across his left arm, calling upon his men to halt. He was shot about one-third of the way back from the second woods, while rallying his men. The charge and repulse of the first brigade is described by the Rebel commander, and is 216 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. of sufficient interest to warrant it a place here. He concedes the damage inflicted by the onslaught in which the Fourteenth bore so prominent a part. " The only chance for us was to hurl Rodes and Gordon upon the flank of the advancing column. They advanced through the woods in most gallant style, and attacked in the open field [it appears that the right of the Union, and the left of the Rebel, line made a simultaneous attack], opening a destructive fire. But Evans's brigade of Gordon's division, which was on the extreme left of our infantry, received a check from a column of the enemy, and was forced back through the woods from be hind which it had advanced ; the enemy following to the very rear of the woods, and to within musket-range of seven pieces of Braxton's artillery, which were without support. This caused a pause in our advance, and the position was most criti cal ; for it was apparent that unless this force was driven back the day was lost. Braxton's guns, in which now was our only hope, resolutely stood their ground, and opened with canister on the enemy. This fire was so rapid and well directed that the enemy staggered, halted, and commenced falling back, leav ing a battle-flag on the ground, whose bearer was cut to pieces by a canister shot. Just then Battle's brigade of Rodes's divis ion arrived, moved forward, and swept through the woods, driving the enemy before it ; while Evans's brigade was rallied, and brought back to the charge. Our advance was resumed, and the enemy's attacking columns were thrown into great confusion, and driven from the field." It was the wild hope of Early to follow up the first repulse of the Union right, and gain possession of the gorge or canon, thus cutting off Sheridan's retreat; but the Rebel counter charge never got beyond the centre of that disputed field. The One Hundred and Fourteenth N. Y., one of the noblest battalions in the whole Union army, advanced, endured with not a flinch the rabble run of the fourth brigade, and, with the two pieces of artillery posted by Emory, filled the perilous gap. While the Union line was thus being precariously established, not much in advance of its position at 11.40, that of the enemy TRUE AS STEEL. 217 was not advanced, but rather retired somewhat, though strength ened. The fragments of the Fourteenth were easily rallied, a majority of the men retreating no farther than necessary. Orderly-Sergt. Goodwin at once gathered a squad, and faced them about, holding them well to the front. Other officers did the same. In the retreat most of the regiment bore to the left : so that, when re-formed, it was in the first woods, somewhat to the right, and nearly seven hundred yards in front of its posi tion before the charge. The Fourteenth Regiment New-Hamp shire Volunteers had gone " Down into the jaws of death, Down into the gates of hell." It had been tried so as by fire : and in that terrible ordeal it did not waver ; it did not shrink ; it did not fail in one iota of doing all that brave men, all that a well-trained battalion, could do under the circumstances. It obeyed every order with alac rity. Its officers were nobly daring, and its men showed the same metal. The Fourteenth shed a fearful measure of precious blood in that onset ; and, while its flag was riddled by balls, it was not for a moment sullied, but was borne aloft in that charge, and throughout the day, a lustrous symbol of the cause and its success. It was about one o'clock, and the state of affairs with Sheri dan was, that an advance had been made on his whole front, with a decided success on the right, followed by a set-back all along the line, and a damaging repulse at a critical point in his centre. In half an hour, or at 1.30 p.m., the emergency was passed ; and the Union army showed a good front to the over- exultant Johnnies. Early says of the battle at that hour, " A splendid victory had been gained ; " and, while that boast was as false as many other of his declarations, it was true, that, up to the time mentioned, the balance of success lay with the enemy. But " Little Phil " had not at that hour begun to un fold his strategy. That battle was a piece of military calcula tion, and Sheridan was right in the midst of his figuring when Early went into glorifications over a victory won. The Rebel 218 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. hero had only succeeded in badly mixing up the Union com mander's figures. The problem was working : it would be solved. There was a general lull in the contest; and regiments re-formed, gathered in stragglers, perfected alignments, rested, and ate — where there was any thing left to eat. Some incidents of the first tremendous onset must not be lost. When the first line of the Nineteenth Corps had advanced be yond the anticipated point of establishing and holding a position, and had acquired a momentum which little short of annihilation could check, a staff-officer rode to the front, and endeavored to correct the blunder. His shouts and his vehement gesticula tions were alike unheeded. t last he appeared to grow des perate. He exposed himself recklessly, putting forth almost superhuman efforts to halt the line. Finally, he turned his horse's head toward the enemy, rose to full . height in his stir rups, swung his sword high in air, and flung it away toward the Rebel line. He then coolly dismounted, walked slowly out, and picked up his weapon, and then very deliberately left that part of the field. Some of the men, when struck, shrieked with fear and pain ; while most of them uttered but a groan, or were silent. There were many surprises on that field. The wisest ones in camp were not always the truest ones in the crucial hour ; and some also who were lightly valued in the previous months performed such deeds as are ascribed to heroes. There was Blodgett of F, a stout, clumsy man, too old, as we supposed, to be in the ser vice at all ; who was always a little behind on the march, and just too late in every evolution and movement of the manual. Yet on the field of the Opequan he displayed some of the best qualities of a warrior. He proved entirely insensible to fear ; and his drill was driven into him — as nails into a white oak post — to stay. It was like him to "load in nine times" at every round in the very whirlwind and fury of battle. What if he did find eleven charges in his musket after the battle, in dicating that he did not know whether or not his piece was discharged when he pointed it at the foe ? He did what it is safe to affirm no other soldier in that army did. When his rifle Cel /<*7zd& INCIDENTS OF THE BATTLE. 219 became disabled by a Rebel shot, he sat down upon the ground, under a heavy fire, took his gun to pieces, and, from another musket lying near by, replaced the broken part, and then trudged back to find his regiment. Of the raw recruits reaching the regiment just before the battle, sixteen had been assigned to Company H ; and during the first charge Capt. Berry was occupied, aside from the usual onerous duties of a company commander in battle, in keeping them in line and up to the work. One of them persisted in firing toward the sky every time, and finally the captain stopped, and drilled him until he would fire toward the enemy. Coming from one who was in the ranks, it is not out of place to here record, that the officers of the Fourteenth, as a rule, behaved with conspicuous heroism. In the first, and so notably fatal, onset, they crowned the Fourteenth Regiment with imper ishable honor. And those who died in the ranks stood in their lot equally well. The wonderful pluck displayed found good illustration in the case of Lieut. Colburn, who, suffering from a fatal wound in the abdomen, still, with his characteristic grit, worked his way back on foot, alone, to lie down and die that night. In the long array of the wounded at night, musician J. S. Doolittle, of the band, had for his bunk-mate Corpl. Tasker of Company I, who was mortally wounded, as the event proved, although neither supposed such to be the case. His leg had been amputated, and he was laid in the bunk, apparently doing well. His comrade Doolittle spoke cheering words, and the prospective cork-leg was discussed. Then they bade each other good-night, and both fell asleep it is supposed. During the night his companion became chilled, woke, and spoke several times to the wounded corporal ; but no response. Then the hand was reached out, and laid upon the face ; and it was cold in death. Corpl. Tasker had been dead for several hours. Another instance of the cheerful endurance of the death- stroke is given by Lieut. Hadley. A group of wounded officers from the Fourteenth lay in the field hospital at the rear. Lieut. Stone's back was shattered by a shell, his legs were paralyzed, 220 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. he could not move ; he was going down into the dark valley: yet he was cheerful, and even indulged in pleasantries. He addressed Lieut. Hadley, saying he wished he had his legs ; the latter, whose jaw was broken, retorting that he wished he had Lieut. Stone's jaws. Lieut. Hadley expresses the feeling of the wounded group from the Fourteenth : " We forgot our sufferings when we heard the cheer of victory come back to us from the Union lines." Still another instance of clear grit was manifested in the middle of the second woods, after the retreat, where Capt. Berry and Lieut. Fiske lay wounded. The latter informed the captain that he had got his death-wound ; yet he set himself to the task of stopping the cowardly shrieking of a soldier near by who was wounded, but not dangerously, in the leg. In contrast with this heroic fortitude and abnegation is the grossest instance of dead-beat faithlessness we ever saw recorded of a battle-field. During the first part of the battle, two things in Union uniforms were observed playing a queer trick. One of them laid himself on the ground, while the other carefully shot him through the calf of the leg. They then exchanged places, and marksman No. 1 got a Minie'-ball put through his calf. There was no danger in the operation ; and it was a good passport for several months in hospital, no duty, and an easy life. The turmoil of the fight prevented their exposure. Dr. Perkins was evidently not a man of fear, nor a surgeon who was most active at the rear. An officer saw him falling back in the general retreat, carefully bringing a musket. The doctor was quizzed for his conduct, and reluctantly abandoned his weapon, carefully setting it up against a tree. Gen. Emory was observed, immediately after the retreat, well up to the front, and under fire, doing all in his power to restore order and confidence ; and, after the lines were restored, he rode slowly along the entire front, well out toward the enemy, on the familiar yellow horse. Gen. Grover would not ride his splendid charger into the fight, but mounted an inferior animal for the occasion. When the Nineteenth Corps was hurled back, and the army THE LOST COLORS. 221 in its greatest peril, Con. Emory called to a oolor-sergea,nf, and said: "Here, give me those colors; I will load you myself I" The color-sergeant shook his head, and did not yield the pre cious standard. When the shattered fragments of the Fourteenth were again assembled in the position heretofore described, there was humil iation and sorrow. The regiment had no colors. No one could account for either of the standards. The Fourteenth was bereaved indeed. It was almost literally decimated in its killed, and nearly a fifth of its number wounded. To intensify the infliction, it mustered without colors. Were they in the bands of the enemy? Had the bearers been tried, and found wanting? It was known that the bearer of the State flag, Corpl. Sherburn I 'age, had been shot dead with the Hag in his hand; Corpl. Hazen had laken it, and was also killed : beyond that, nothing was known of either flag or its bearer. Let us see. As the writer, after the great repulse, had nearly reached the woods, through which the regiment had moved to the charge, ho overtook Sergt. Howard, with his United-States colors. He had carried his flag into the thickest of the fight, became isolated, his guard being nearly all killed or wounded, — him self untouched, — and he had brought off his precious charge. Me was entirely alone, haying retraced the ground passed over by the regiment, while it had, in again confronting the enemy, formed to one side, as previously stated. A conference ensued as to the course to bo pursued. It was decided not to attempt tho unprofitable task of searching for the regiment in the face of an advancing foe. It was determined to attach the colors of the Fourteenth to the first regiment at hand, and keep them in the front line of the battle. At that moment the sergeant's heart was gladdened by the sight of the State Hag approaching, borne by E. F. Fuller of Company C, who had rescued it, ac companied by Corpl. Baldwin, and II. A. Wood, both of Com pany F. They both gallantly stuck to the colors throughout the afternoon, exposing themselves fearlessly. It so happened that while the regiment was resting safely 222 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. from 1 to 4.30 o'clock, its colors were under a constant fire in the very front of the battle. And thus it came about. The decision above alluded to led us further to the left of the line, in the opposite direction from the Fourteenth, and into a fresh regiment which was just being pressed forward to confront the enemy. Moving by the left flank about three hundred yards, we came to the Eighth Vt., second brigade, first division, of the Nineteenth Corps. The situation was explained to Col. Thomas, commanding, and he heartily welcomed another set of colors and its little guard of three, all from one company. Soon after the Fourteenth colors were united to the Eighth, it ad vanced into that field of death several hundred yards to the left of the path which the Fourteenth had marked with its blood an hour before. The whole brigade had moved out from cover, and was at once under fire. A dash of a few rods, and the line lay down. Col. Thomas, while exceedingly careful of his men, would not himself dismount. In about ten minutes another dash, and then flat on their faces, the line escaped the volleys that poured in. A third rush ahead took the Eighth half-way across the field, the line being continued to right and left by other regiments coming up. This was the line which Sheridan! intended Grover to gain and hold, at first. Here the Eighth and the Fourteenth colors remained until four o'clock, con stantly under fire, but not severe ; though the colors were several times shot through, and men all about were constantly being struck. As illustrative of the triumph over fear which men may secure, we cite the Company F man who got permission of Sergt. Howard, while the line lay there so long, to hunt up a haversack, his own having been shot off. He went roaming about the field among the dead bodies, the bullets zip-zip-ing about him, looking for an abandoned haversack. From 1.30 until nearly 4 the fighting along the whole line consisted of skirmish-firing. At two o'clock Early, was re- enforced by Breckinridge and Wharton, who got up from Ste phenson's Station. Sheridan had reserved Crook in the rear, intending to put him in on the left ; but reports kept coming in THE GRAND ADVANCE. 223 that Early was massing troops to crush our right, and at length Sheridan felt compelled to put him in on that flank to act as a turning column. From 2.30 to 4 o'clock Crook was mak ing his way around the right of the Nineteenth Corps, forming at the latter hour a line well facing the enemy's left flank. Then we, who were with the colors, heard a great shout far to the right. The battalion was on its feet in an instant. "Terrible as an army with banners" was rarely so magnifi cently exemplified. For more than a mile and a half to the right, and far advanced to the front as it extended away, — sweeping round the enemy's left in a majestic semicircle, — the Union line was seen advancing with a strength and confidence which manifestly nothing in front of it could withstand. When we first caught the view, the long array of banners was just in one hue with our eyes, and the spectacle was surpassingly grand. Pressing on the flank was Crook ; charging steadily to the front was the Nineteenth Corps. The Eighth Vt. and its brigade were eager for the final fray, and soon Col. Thomas permitted them to go in. Bayonets were fixed, and with a whirl the line charged up to the fatal second woods ; but the " Steady, old Vermont ! Steady, old Vermont ! " sounding so calmly from the lips of the gallant colonel, will never be forgotten by the Fourteenth temporary color contingent. The Eighth marched through the woods, but encountering a hot fire, and the men beginning to fall fast about, the colors, a halt was ordered, and the alignment perfected. It was soon manifest that the enemy was driven from his position of the afternoon, and then there was a rapid movement forward to again confront the Rebel host. Soon after leaving the woods, and while marching to the left, we descried away to our right the Fourteenth regiment converging upon the Eighth. Col. Thomas was informed that he must fight the remainder of the day without four flags ; and he gave us a parting blessing, with warm compliments, and offers of any recommendations we might desire. Then the little squad — in as good spirits as any five men in all that glorious battle-field — marched over and re stored to the Fourteenth its lost colors. The cheers of welcome were proud compensation for the afternoon's exposure. 224 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. The Fourteenth advanced by the right flank, commanded by Capt. Hall, the senior officer present. For some time after the fall of Col. Gardiner, he had been in command of the regiment. Solid shot were flying just over our heads. We marched through a rut in a stone wall, and down toward lower ground ; while batteries were galloping for positions back of us, unlimbering, and opening fire on the heights beyond and in front of us, — the enemy's last position. The infantry formed an L-shaped line, facing the Rebel batteries, the Fourteenth forming a part of the right branch. Then, for a few minutes, a brilliant artillery duel ensued, the shells screeching over our heads, in both directions. But what is that terrible commo tion ? that hoarse and mixed roar of battle ? There is confusion in the Rebel redoubt. Look! then see the sudden spring of the prone infantry ! Hear that strange, wild, exultant shout, which they only can send forth who have fought and won. Away to the right, and beyond the enemy's rear, flashes to us a spectacle vivid in its glory, because novel to the Fourteenth, and peculiar on any field. We caught the flashing of their sabres, as Averill and Merritt and Custer drove the- enemy from their guns like a flock of sheep. The infantry moved on the heights, in line of battle, the Rebel prisoners by hundreds flock ing through, between the Union battalions. The day was won, the Rebel army " sent whirling through Winchester." By bri gades and battalions the Union army moved by the right flank over the ground last held by the enemy, and on, into, and through Winchester. We passed Rebel dead and wounded, with here and there a blue-coat lying in sad contrast with the gray. It was six o'clock, and a day's work for the Union was done. A STAFF-OFFICER'S STORY. 225 ANOTHER ACCOUNT. The following is taken from an account of the battle written by Lieut. Carroll D. Wright, afterwards colonel of the Four teenth, who was at that time A.A.A.G. on the brigade-staff. At two o'clock, on the morning of the 19th of September, the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps abandoned their intrenched camps in front of Berryville, and moved out toward Winches ter. The muffled roar of artillery was heard at intervals during the morning, caused by the shelling of the advanced cavalry skirmishers. It was one of the most beautiful of early- autumn days : the air was cool and mellow, the sun shed a tem pered warmth, and the whole face of nature smiled in the harvest-time. Carelessly and unconsciously, with laugh and jest, our boys marched on to the harvest of death and mutila tion ; soon, however, meeting wounded cavalry skirmishers be ing borne to the rear, — a sight to silence song and laughter. Grover's four brigades were seen to pass through a gorge, cross a creek, and disappear in the hollows beyond ; the men swinging along at the usual jaunty route-step, but with silent, determined countenances. At eleven o'clock both corps had completed their dispositions, — the long lines of the Sixth reaching east from Opequan Creek ; while the Nineteenth occu pied the ground to the right, but with a wide space intervening. The divisions were generally disposed in two parallel lines, a little distance apart. In front of our fines was a belt of forest ; and, beyond, an uneven field ; and, still farther, another belt of wood, in which was posted the Rebel infantry, supporting bat teries on elevations in the rear. It was nearly high-noon when the bugles sounded the grand advance. The old, but infinitely beautiful, panorama of all battle-fields, made still more impressive by the natural aspects of this most lovely of valleys, was spread before and around. Away to the bases of the Blue Ridge and the Cumberland faded stretches of forest, and fields dotted by dwellings, spar kling with streams, and glowing with the kisses of approaching 226 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. autumn. Nearer, could be seen the enemy's line of battle ; and, still nearer, the splendid marching columns of our own infan try; while the sharpshooters and skirmishers of both lines specked the intervening space, so soon to be the theatre of deadly conflict. Our artillery opened heavily, answered by the boom of the Rebel guns. Our forces advanced through the first wood, upon the open field, giving their fire to the enemy. For a few sec onds the gleaming muskets vibrated before they entered the timber filled with Rebels, and then were lost in the shadows and smoke. The roar of the battle, as the two lines fairly met, sounding in a thunderous burst of volleys, pealed up from that wood ; and smoke and flame streamed out in a long line, as though the whole forest had been suddenly ignited. The conflict was as fierce as the fiercest battle fought by Grant, from the Rapidan to Petersburg. The determination to win the bat tle, which seemed to inspire every man in our army, urged Birge's brigade of Grover's division so impetuously as almost to isolate it from the corps ; while the whole front line of the division charged furiously through the wood — " Into the jaws of death, Into the mouth of hell." There was a brief and desperate encounter, a crossing of bayonets, and an incessant crash of rifles ; and then that old second division, which marched so gayly over the mountains, was hurled back into the clearing, stunned, mangled, and shat- tered, emerging from the deadly grasp of the whole left wing of Early's army. . . . The Rebel advance was an advance no longer : the route was turned. Back, over the fences and ravines, and into the woods beyond, their flying and broken lines were pushed. The Eighth Corps was brought in on the right, and the flanks of the enemy were forced back, while his centre partially gave way. Battery after battery of the enemy was silenced. The word is still " Forward ! " along three miles of contest. " Forward ! " and you shall hear it from the lips of commanders everywhere; A VIVID PICTURE. 227 from generals and colonels and captains. The woods ring with it, cheers succeed it, and the lines advance anew. There is a strange fascination in a scene like this, which almost tempts one to suspend duty, and look around him. On your right and left men go down, while you are commending their good fighting, and urging them to keep up to the work. They fall in§front of you, — some lapsing heavily to the ground, stricken with instant death; while others settle slowly down, and limp or crawl back as best they majr. It is a scene replete with horrors, and ringing with unearthly cries and noises. Still on, underneath the glowing sun, revived by fresh breezes, revived still more by the consciousness of victory, the Army of the Shenandoah thunders after its prey. Yonder, in an orchard on the left, Getty's division of the Sixth Corps is making havoc among its enemies. Far to the right, the Army of West Virginia, still pressing the foe with resistless ardor, is revenging the former defeat at Winchester. Forward, still for ward, cheering and firing, till Winchester is in full sight, its roofs and steeples glowing red in the setting sun. Our artillery, borne across a ravine to the plateau, and across the plateau to its farthest verge, does a work so terrible, that to witness it is sickening. The whole Rebel army, swept down the slope, and on to the plain beyond, is completely demoralized. The sun, alas ! rests upon the horizon's verge. Across that plain before Winchester, its beams shine upon a scene rivalling in picturesque sublimity all historic fields of most heroic wars. Vast and level and beautiful for miles, the field itself, unpeo pled, would be full of romantic interest. Peopled as it was by thousands of Rebels, shattered, demoralized, flying ; by thousands of pursuing troops, moving in well-ordered battalions ; resound ing with the ring of musketry and boom of cannon, surpassing the roar of Austerlitz, — it was a scene I cannot hope to suggest to any imagination. Twilight gathers, darkness falls, and the only signs of the army met and conquered during the day are the echoes of its ammunition-wagons rumbling along the pike southward. Dis cipline and organization disappeared from their forces ; and all 228 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. night long the routed army hurried up the Valley toward Stras burg, intent upon the refuge of Fisher's Hill. The camp-fires springing up as our troops bivouacked for the night upon the plain had each its group of earnest, thoughtful men, talking and thinking of the events of the day, and mourn ing the loss of some loved comrade. At distances the bands played the weary veterans to sleep. The moon arose, shedding its white radiance down upon the slumbers of the camp; upon the sleepless tortures of wounded Southrons, who still lay un- cared for in the fields, thinking of the dear ones who loved them and would miss them, — oh, so much ! even as if they had worn a blue uniform, — with feelings under their gray jackets After the battle. How a defeated army must feel, the Four teenth boys have no means of knowing; and certainly no one save an actor in the thrilling drama can appreciate the experi ence and emotions of a victorious army as it settles down to bivouac after the march, the charge, the storm, uproar, carnage, and triumph. Just as darkness was spreading its merciful pall over the dead, and shutting out the horrors of the day from the eyes of the wounded, on the field of the Opequan, the Four teenth Regiment bivouacked just outside and south of Win chester, to the right of the Valley pike, on the border of a small stream. The re-action had come. The hour of jubilation, full of glory and the wild intoxication of conquest, had claimed its right, and must now give place. It was not time yet to recount deeds of heroism ; and the boaster had not yet come up from the rear to cover his shame by inventions either of acts of prowess, hair-breadth escapes, or remarkable ministrations to the wound ed. It was a time of solemn inquiry. The names of those known to be dead were passed sadly and reverently from mouth to mouth. The regiment had passed from glorification to mem ory. The noble, the beloved ones, were slain, or in that hour * i The writer ia indebted to a description of this battle in The Galaxy for 18G7, for certain points. A SAD ROLL-CALL. 229 breathing out their heroic lives on the field just won. The regiment was fearfully attenuated, but gradually being re-en forced by the scattered, the stragglers, and those who had been detailed for duty with the wounded. Each incomer was anxious ly questioned. Some were reported dead with great positiveness who received no scratch. The writer listened, unseen, with peculiar feelings to the statement of a comrade, who announced the finding of his dead body on the field. Could any who questioned the essential manliness of our Union volunteers, or doubted their tenderness of heart and absolute loyalty to high motives, have mingled with the men during that evening after Opequan, and witnessed the genuine comradeship and close fraternity so emphatically displayed, he would have gone out of those saddened camps with a higher estimate of the country's defenders. About ten o'clock the order sounded through the camp, " Company — , fall in for roll-call ! " The familiar summons was received, first with a shudder, and then with tears. It was almost cruel. Never before had we heard a tremor in the voice of our orderly-sergeant. What memories are stirred in the minds of the survivors as the names on that company roll troop before us in their long alphabetical array. On that night the call was mournful beyond expression ; and, as some friend an swered, "Dead!" "Killed!" "Wounded!" the pain of the loss for a time entirely obscured the glory of the day: but, when a name was reached with no response, the silence of sus pense was depressing. The roll-call finished, the condition of the regiment was far from being accurately determined, as at least one-quarter of the uninjured in some companies had not come in. Before the regiment moved the next morning, so many of those unaccounted for had come into camp that a somewhat accurate estimate was made of the casualties of the battle. THE KILLED AND WOUNDED. The following is the number of killed and mortally wounded, by companies, the order being determined by losses : K, nine ; 230 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. D, eight; H, eight; F, seven; A, five; B, five; I, four; C, four; G, two. Col. Gardiner is to be added to this enumeration. The following is the loss in wounded, by companies, the order being determined as above : H, sixteen ; F, fourteen ; A, eleven ; D, ten; G, ten; K, ten; B, eight; I, six; C, five. The total in killed and mortally wounded of officers and men was fifty-three. The total number of wounded was ninety. The Fourteenth lost three times as many officers in killed as any other regiment in the brigade, and one-third more than all the other regiments combined. This statement does not include the mortally wounded. The wounded in the Fourteenth were largely in excess of those in any other regiment. There were twenty-nine of the Fourteenth's dead buried in one trench on the field where they fell. They were afterward disinterred, and buried in the National Cemetery, on ground which formed a portion of the battle-field. Their last resting- place is fittingly honored by a monument erected by the State of New Hampshire. A view of this monument, with the inscriptions thereon, is given opposite. On the front or east side of the monument is the dedicatory inscription, which appears in its proper position on the illustra tion of the monument as here given. ' In the list of names, there are inaccuracies and omissions ; but the inscriptions are given as cut upon the shaft. Some of the dead were removed to their native hills to sleep with their fathers. It has been the purpose of the committee preparing this vol ume to give a brief obituary notice of those killed in battle. So far as information has been furnished by friends, this has been done. There were fifty-three members of the Fourteenth killed and mortally wounded in this battle. COL. ALEXANDER GARDINER. Alexander Gardiner was born in Catskill, N.Y., July 27, 1833. He was educated at Kimball Union Academy, and after graduation studied law, and was admitted to the bar in New- York City when twenty-two years old.. 'EW HAMPSHIRE MONUMENT, National Cemetery, Winchester, Va. INSCRIPTION. 231 INSCRIPTIONS ON THE NEW-HAMPSHIRE MONUMENT IN THE NATIONAL CEMETERY, WINCHESTER, VA. [front, ob east side.] [north side.] NEW HAMPSHIRE ERECTS THIS MON UMENT TO THE MEM ORY OF HER BRAVE SONS OF HER I4TH REGIMENT WHO FELL IN BATTLE SEPT. I9TH, 1864, UPON THIS FIELD AND ARE HERE BURI ED IN ONE COMMON GRAVE. CAPTS. W. H. CHAFFIN. W. A. FOSGATE, LIEUTS. H. S. PAUL. J. A. FISK. [south side.] SERGTS. c. c. WILSON. G. w. FELCH. M MACURDY. A. A. BAKER. • CORPLS. N. P. RUST. M ALLEN. G. W HAZEN. S, TASKER. N W NOYES. D, W CHASE. MORTAL COL. LY WOUNDED. GARDINER. A. B. COLBURN. G. H. STONE. L. WILLARD. H. F. BROWN. L. E. BENT. G. W TUCKER. L. G. MERRILL. R. VARNEY. 0 STRAW. G B COFRAN. •H ATWOOD. A. HARRIMAN. [west side.] PRIVATES. N. WYMAN. S. H, YOUNG. G. PERRIGO. G. L. WETHERBEE. F. D. ANDREWS. H. L. HAYNES. A. E. BOYD. C. L. HOMAN. M MARSTON. G. T. SOUTHER. W A SCOTT. 0. A. BARRUS. s. WATERS. D. J. CAMERON. D. W . PHELPS. L. E. BENT. 232 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. He was in Kansas with John Brown during the troublous times of Border Ruffianism, and bore a conspicuous part in that memorable struggle for freedom. He took the first printing- press into Kansas, and his office was afterward raided by Southern desperadoes. In the spring of 1859 he removed to Claremont,' where he opened a law-office, and continued the practice of his profession until he entered the army. November 17, 1859, Col. Gardiner married Miss Mary P. Cooper, the daughter of Mr. Samuel P. Cooper of Croydon. Two children, a son and daughter, were born to them, both now living. In the summer of 1862 Col. Gardiner enlisted and began recruiting. When the Fourteenth was raised he was appointed adju tant, and served in that position with marked ability until September 12, 1863, when he was promoted to be major of the regiment. Upon the resignation of Col. Wilson, Major Gardi ner was appointed colonel ; receiving his commission and being mustered only the day before the battle in which he received his death-wound. The circumstances connected with the mortal wounding of Col. Gardiner are detailed in their proper place. He lived until October 8, and is buried in Claremont. His widow now resides in Croydon. Col. Gardiner was a brilliant officer and a cultured man, thoroughly understanding the duties of his position, and capa ble of leading his men to the highest achievements. One fact is to be noticed. When Col. Gardiner took command of the regiment, it was immediately improved in discipline ; and he brought it up to its highest state of efficiency. He never sought popularity in the Fourteenth, and did not appear to care for it ; other commanders of less ability might have won a stronger personal following, but from the first he thoroughly identified himself with the regiment. As adjutant he was equalled by few, excelled by none ; while his natural abilities and military acquirements fully warranted his final promotion. He had the success of his command ever on his heart, and in that heart there was a tenderer spot than every one was able to touch. Col. Gardiner, in his ability, influence, and rank, con- CAPT. CHAFFIN. 233 tributed largely to that record of the Fourteenth Regiment of which its surviving members have every reason to be proud. CAPT. W. H. CHAFFIN. William Henry Chaffin was born in Claremont, N.H., May 21, 1839. His parents, John and Delia O. Chaffin, gave him a good common-school education. He entered Kimball Union Academy in Meriden, N.H., from which he graduated in 1861. While pursuing his studies he taught school, and proved a suc cessful teacher, while retaining his high standing in his class. He entered the Norwich Military University, but, after remain ing there a year, left his studies to open a recruiting-office in his native town, August, 1862. When the Fourteenth rendez voused at Concord, he was employed in drilling the recruits, and was very zealous in disciplining them. Before the regi ment left Concord, S. M. Bugbee, captain of Company I, fell sick ; and William H. Chaffin went to Washington in command of the company, though without any commission. Early in December Capt. Bugbee resigned, and he was ap pointed to fill the vacancy. Capt. Chaffin was distinguished for his steady observance of duty under all circumstances, and his untiring care for his men. He generally reported more men fit for duty than the captain of any other company of the same size. In cases of peculiar danger and responsibility, requiring courage, coolness, and determination, Capt. Chaffin was often selected as being eminently fitted for such duty. In the sum mer of 1863, he was sent to the front with a detachment of sixty men to return some convalescents to their regiments. While on the way, they overtook a large army-train of ammu nition-wagons that had been attacked by nearly two hundred of Moseby's guerillas, disguised as Union soldiers. Capt. Chaffin dispersed the guerillas, and recovered nearly all the mules which they had driven off. During the voyage to New Orleans in March, 1864, he was active and efficient in preserv ing discipline, and stimulating the men to courage and cheer fulness. 234 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Capt. Chaffin was acting lieutenant-colonel at the time of the battle, by order of Col. Gardiner, and was among the first who fell, shot through the head by a Minie'-ball. He had a pre sentiment of his death, and just before the battle had sent home a request that his body be not removed from the field where he fell. He was twenty-six years of age, unmarried, but left a mother and one brother to mourn his early death. His father died soon after ; and the funeral sermon of both was preached at the same time, in the Congregational Church in Claremont, by Rev. E. W. Clark. CAPT. W. A. FOSGATE. William A. Fosgate was born in Winchester, June 27, 1839; and his residence remained there until his enlistment in the Fourteenth. He excelled among his fellows in the public schools, and his ambition took the wider range of liberal educa tion. March 20, 1856, he entered Fort Edward Institute, New York, pursuing a four-years' course, and graduating, June 27, 1860. At the July commencement of that year, he entered Wesleyan University. When he enlisted, August 15, 1862, he was in his junior year. During collegiate vacations he taught school in Hinsdale and Queensborough, N.Y. While home on a furlough, January 30, 1864, he was mar ried to Miss Frances Hosmer of Fisherville. He left no chil dren. His widow remarried, and resides in Pallegio, Cal. Capt. Fosgate entered the service as second lieutenant of Com pany F. He was promoted to be first lieutenant of Company H, November 2, 1863, and to be captain of Company B, February 19, 1864. He was killed while leading his company in the first part of the battle. Capt. Fosgate was an active, able, and ambitious officer, aim ing for the highest excellence of military attainment. In the company which he commanded at the time of his death, he had the reputation of being a strict disciplinarian ; and his whole conduct, while in the service, was calculated to elevate the standard of discipline, and increase the efficiency of our organi zation. LIEUT. PAUL. 235 LIEUT. H. S. PAUL. Henry S. Paul was born in Claremont, N.H., April 17, 1840, where he resided till, at the age of twenty-two, he enlisted in Company I. For a number of years he was engaged, in com pany with his father, in the meat and provision trade. Having bought out his father's interest, he carried on the business alone till a few months previous to enlisting. April 19, 1858, he married Miss Hattie E. Holden of Spring field, Vt., at her residence. Their only child, Walter Henry, died before Lieut. Paul entered the army. He entered the ser vice as a sergeant. He was commissioned second lieutenant of Company A, January 1, 1864, and shortly afterwards was pro moted to be first lieutenant of the same company. While the Fourteenth was sta,tioned in Washington, in 1863 and 1864, Sergt. Paul was on detached duty at the Central Guard-House. In command of Company A, he fell in the first charge, severely wounded in the leg. A member of his com pany found him, helpless, upon the field ; and, taking him on his back, was carrying him to the rear, when a Minie"-ball hit the lieutenant in the head, killing him instantly ; and he was left by the side of a tree, near the old rail-fence. The enemy, having taken possession of the field, advanced their line to this point ; and, although his body was soon afterwards recovered, the Rebels had stripped it of all valuables. Thus fell one of the most promising officers in the regiment, at the early age of twenty-four, greatly beloved by his men, as well as by a large circle of friends at home. He was buried on the field, near where he fell, in a common grrve with his former captain, W. H. Chaffin, leaving a young wife to mourn his death. She never recovered from this blow ; and, after ten years of afflic tion, she died, February 17, 1875. LIEUT. J. A. FISKE. Jesse A. Fiske, first lieutenant of Company E, was born in Dublin, June 7, 1836. He was the only son of Hon. Thomas 236 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Fiske, who, for more than forty years, has held a prominent place in all the business and political interests of the town. His mother, Sophia (Appleton) Fiske, belongs to the Appleton family whose name is prominent in eastern New England. Lieut. Fiske was educated at the district and high schools of his native town, at the seminary at Westminster, Vt., and at Appleton Academy, New Ipswich. He taught school two terms at Dublin, and, in the spring of 1859, went to Missouri, intend ing to open a school there, but, not finding an immediate open ing, spent some months in visiting and travelling in Missouri, Indian Territory, and Arkansas. Late in that year, after recov ering from an attack of typhoid-fever which had prostrated him for some time, he opened a school in Berryville, Ark., where he met with success, introducing Northern methods and Northern books, to a great extent. Nevertheless, Arkansas was an un comfortable place for a Yankee with anti-slavery proclivities ; and Lieut. Fiske was obliged t6 keep his political opinions to himself, thus insuring friendship and civil treatment. He re frained from discussing the peculiar condition of things about him, in his letters home. In 1860 he discovered the signs of the on-coming struggle, and returned home. With the exception of teaching one term of school in Walpole, N.H., he worked upon his father's farm until he enlisted, August 9, 1862. Lieut. Fiske was buried in the National Cemetery at Winchester, Va. LIEUT. G. H. STONE. George H. Stone was born in Marlborough, May 3, 1831 ; being brought up as a Boy on his father's farm, attending the district- school until he was sixteen years old, when he went to the high-school in Dublin, remaining there two terms. He com pleted his education at the academy in Claremont ; after which he served an apprenticeship as a carpenter, working at his trade successfully several years. May 12, 1859, he was married to Miss Martha E. Piatt of Marlborough. They had one child, who died in infancy. ' LIEUT. COLBURN. 237 At the time Lieut. Stone entered the service, when thirty- one years of age, he was engaged in manufacturing wooden- ware, in Marlborough. He enlisted in Company C, in August, 1862, and entered the service as a sergeant. He was afterward promoted to be second lieutenant of Company I ; and May 27, 1864, was again promoted to the first lieutenantcy of the same company. In his earlier years he was loved for his affec tionate, cheerful, and obedient disposition ; and it is a gratifica tion to his friends to know that the same spirit which had en deared him to them in his boyhood was not marred or distorted in later years. Through all the hardships and varying circumstances of his army service, even to the end, it was remarked by his comrades. Lieut. Hadley testifies, that, when mortally wounded, he still evinced great cheerfulness and patience, even indulging in little pleasantries, though he lay on a bed from which he was never to rise. He died September 25, in Winchester, six days after receiving his wounds. His body is buried in Marlborough. He left a widow, who was afterward married to Bradford Sherman, and resides in Chicago, 111. LIEUT. A. B. COLBURN. Artemas B. Colburn was born in Fitzwilliam, August 1, 1838. His parents were John Colburn and Lydia Beard, who were married in 1825; and he was the youngest of six children. The mother still survives, aged more than eighty. Artemas received a good common-school and business education. He was occupied on a farm and in a store until he entered the army. In August, 1862, he enlisted from the town of Rich mond, his father's residence, in Company F, and entered the service as a sergeant. August 21 he married Lydia Mann of Richmond, they hav ing been playmates from childhood. Their married life, though brief, was a happy one. In May, 1864, while the regiment was in Louisiana, Sergt Colburn was promoted to be second lieu tenant of Company B, a well-deserved advancement. 238 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. He was in many respects a model soldier, and everywhere was perfectly reliable. He was mortally wounded during the first part of the battle, and survived until the next morning. His last words were : " Give my love to my wife, and tell her that I died in a good cause." He was buried on the field. Facts of interest, connected with Lieut. Colburn's service, ap pear in other portions of this volume. He died childless. His widow remarried in 1870, her present husband being C. C. Holton of Hinsdale. The honorable service and heroic death of Artemas B. Colburn pronounce his most eloquent eulogy. LIEUT. M. S. WEBSTER. Moulton S. Webster was born in the town of Sutton, Vt., October 9, 1823. While an infant his parents removed to Sand wich, which remained his home until he entered the service of the government for the suppression of the Rebellion. He be came a mechanic, his occupation that of a carpenter and joiner. In 1847 he married Miss Abby H. Ellsworth of Lowell, Mass. ; and two children were born to them, one of whom, a son, is now living in Lowell. Mrs. Webster died soon after the birth of the second child. Lieut. Webster afterward married Miss Mary A. Webster of Lowell. One son was born to them, now living in Lawrence, Mass. Lieut. Webster entered the service as second lieutenant of Company K, and held that position until he was mortally wounded. He was one of the oldest officers in the regiment; and lived longer, after being shot, than any other member of the Fourteenth receiving a fatal wound, except A. C. Greenwood of Company A. He was a faithful, conscientious officer, being universally respected as a man. He died in North Sandwich, October 31, 1864, and is there buried. His wife died nearly at the same time. SERGT. C. C. WILSON. Charles Carroll Wilson was born in Sullivan, N.H., October 19, 1839. He graduated at Kimball Union Academy in 1859. ( "aim- Wm, A p, «,¦„,,.. I ,im r Ji-iiiii' A I i ¦ ,k . 'AIT W M, I 1 I'llAI'KIN, I \vw \\ I Irwin S. I' w 1 WWW M S. W'l'liSTI-H 1,1! V r, A IV v\n HUKN DIED IN BATTLE. 239 He followed the occupation of farming in his native town until he enlisted, at the age of twenty-two years. He was a member of Company A, and promoted to sergeant February 27, 1864. He received a wound in the ankle which disabled him, and was then bayoneted through the neck. His body is buried in the National Cemetery in Winchester. CORPL. M. ALLEN. Moses Allen was born in Richmond in 1842, and was the son of Quaker parents. He received a good common-school educa tion, and was a farmer and mechanic. He enlisted in Com pany F in August, 1862, entering the service as a private. He was one of the first privates in the company promoted to be a non-commissioned officer. He was one of those soldiers who were valuable to the government because never absent from his post of duty, always filling his place with intelligence and fidel ity. He lies buried in the National Cemetery. CORPL. C. A. BALL. Charles A. Ball was born in 1822, and was a resident of Winchester when he enlisted in Company F, in August, 1862. He had two sons, both of whom survive ; one of them serving the full term in the same company with his father. Charles entered the service as a private, but fairly earned his promotion to a corporalcy, March 1, 1864. Corpl. Ball was an active, ambitious soldier, showing a good deal of military aptitude, and was always the life of his mess. He was on the color-guard, and was the first man in the line-of-battle of the Fourteenth who was struck. He was mortally wounded, but lived until October 25, and was buried in the National Cemetery. CORPL. O. STRAW. Oceanus Straw was born in Sandwich, N.H., December 28, 1823. He was a farmer, and resided in Sandwich at the time of his enlistment, August 14, 1862, in Company K, when he 240 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. was thirty-nine years of age. In Salem, Mass.. he married Miss Elizabeth Goodwin. They had two children, both of whom are living. Corpl. Straw died in hospital. September 21, and is buried in the National Cemetery in Winchester. He left a widow who resides at Sandwich. CORPL. G. W. HAZEN. George W. Hazen of Company G was born in Princeton, Mass., August 24, 183S. He resided in Dublin, N.H., where he engaged in farming. He entered the service as a private, but was appointed corporal February 27, 1S64. Corp. Hazen was a faithful soldier, and was instantly killed by a Minie'-ball pass ing through his neck, while gallantly bearing the State colors. He was twenty-seven years of age, and unmarried. His body is buried in Winchester, his friends failing in their attempts to secure it. N. B. WYMAN. Nathaniel B. Wyman was born in Wardsboro', Vt., Septem ber 10, 1842. In 1854 he moved to Hinsdale, where he resided — being employed in the woollen-mill there — until he enlisted in Company A. August 11, 1862, being not quite twenty years of age. He was not married. His body was buried in the National Cemetery at Winchester, Va. S. H. YOUNG. Sidney H. Young was born in Rochester, N.H., in September, 1S3S, and lived in that vicinity until the fall of 1853, when he went to Rockford, 111. Here he continued his occupation of farming for a few months, then suddenly disappeared ; his friends hearing nothing from him until 1S60, when he wrote to them from New Orleans. He was conscripted into the Rebel army in the summer of 1861, and served until June, 1862, when he deserted to the Union forces, falling in with the Pennsylvania Buektails. He afterward came North, and en listed in Company A of this regiment, August 14, 1862. He is buried in the National Cemetery at Winchester. ROLL OF HONOR. 241 A. C. GREENWOOD. Albert C. Greenwood, of Company A, was born in Dublin, N.H., July 25, 1842 ; receiving his education in the district and high schools of that town, which was his residence at the time of his enlistment. He was a farmer, and unmarried. Though mortally wounded, he lived nearly three months and a half after the battle, dying in Taylor House Hospital, Winchester, December 23. In a letter written home a few days before his death, he said, " My system has become quite debilitated, and my appetite has almost left me at times ; yet I have not lost all courage or hopes of recovery, and still trust that I may, if the good Lord is willing, reach home and see you all." The letter was finished by a comrade who assisted in caring for him, and who wrote concerning young Greenwood : " I do not believe there could be a more patient sufferer found. I feel so sorry for him. He is such a kind and good-hearted soldier that I have a great interest in his welfare." His body was buried on the battle-field, but afterward removed to Dublin. G. L. WETHERBEE. George L. Wetherbee was born August 28, 1836, iu Middle- town, Conn. April 29, 1860, he was married to Miss Rosilla Wyman, and resided in Walpole, N.H., where he was employed in farming. He enlisted in Company B, and proved a faithful soldier and helpful comrade. He received a shot in the body, but bravely struggled on until another struck him in the head, when he instantly dropped dead. He was twenty-eight years of age, and left a widow, who remarried, and is living in Keene, N.H. He had no children. His body is buried in Winchester. L. E. BENT. Elmer Bent was born in the town of Winchester, November 25, 1841, where he resided most of the time until his enlist ment. He attended the public schools in that town, and was a 242 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. farmer and mechanic. In August. 1S'32. he enlisted in Company F, and served with the regiment constantly and faithfully until his death. He was in his place, in the front rank, when mor tally wounded; being struck among the first during the first charge, when a little more than one third across the open field. He lived some days after the battle, and was buried in the Na tional Cemeterv. He was nearly twenty-three years of age. and unmarried. W. A. SCOTT. Walter A. Scott was born in Richmond in 1S42. and was the son of John Scott. He received a good common-school educa tion, and was a mechanic : his home being with his parents until his enlistment in Company F, in August. 1S62. His brother-in- law, Capt. David Buffum, entered the service at the same time. commanding a company in the Sixteenth Regiment. Walter was one of the best penmen in the Fourteenth. He was in stantly killed, dying while charging upon the enemy. He was unmarried. His body lies with those of his comrades in the National Cemetery. O. A. BARRUS. Otis A. Barrus was born in Richmond in 1S43. His parents were Alvan and Emily Barrus, who resided in Richmond. He_ resided with his parents until he entered the service. August 1, 1864, and was assigned to Company H. He was not married. Possessed of good qualities, and having received an excellent education, being a fine mathematician, he was a young man of much promise. The circumstances of his death were peculiarly sad. He was a recruit, and was with his regiment less than two days when he was killed. He stood well to his duty, and died as bravely as his veteran comrades. He was buried in the National Cemetery. HARRISON ATWOOD. Harrison Atwood was born in Gray. Me.. July 11. 1S36. He was occupied in farming iu Sandwich, N.H., where he resided ROLL OF HONOR. 243 until ' enlistment. On the 8th of April, 1858, he married Augusta A. Batchelder. They had three children, two sons and a daughter, all of whom are now living. He left a widow, who lives in North Sandwich. Mr. Atwood belonged to Com pany K, died of wounds nine days after the battle, and was buried in the National Cemetery at Winchester, Va. He was twenty-eight years old at the time of his death. LUCIUS PARKER. Lucius Parker was born in Nelson, N.H., August 30, 1826, where he resided until his enlistment. He was a farmer, and was not married. He was thirty-eight years old at the time of his death, and a member of Company G. His body is buried in the National Cemetery, Winchester, Va. CONRAD WEBBER. Conrad Webber was born in Switzerland in 1807, and served in the Swiss army, receiving a ball in his arm, which he carried through life. He came to America in the winter of 1852, and settled in Stoddard, where he lived until entering the Union army. He was married, and had three children, one son and two daughters. The son was a member of the Second Regi ment, N. H. Volunteers, and died in Virginia. The daughters are both living. Conrad Webber enlisted in Company G, and died in the Rebel prison at Salisbury, N.C., December 14, 1864, of intermittent fever. His wife never recovered from the shock of his death, and survived him only three years, dying in the insane-asylum in Concord. As showing the conspicuous part which the Fourteenth bore in the battle of the Opequan, it may be interesting to note its proportionate loss. The regiment formed about one-sixtieth of Sheridan's army, 244 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. while it lost more than one-fifteenth of the killed. It is clear enough from the official figures, and terribly clear in the minds of the fortunate surviving veterans, that the Fourteenth was in the very hottest of that desperate struggle. The above grand roll of honor proves that the Fourteenth brought to the altar a sacrifice as noble and costlv as it was in its power to offer for the preservation of its country's integrity and for the honor of that flag which the regiment never sullied. So far as human judgment can pronounce, among the living there were as good men and as true : but there were none better than those who fell in that grand shock of battle. — a field they helped to win. To relieve the painful gloominess engendered by the above recital of bereavement, scarcely any thing can be offered more amusing than the statements and comments of Jnbal Early con cerning the engagement. Every Union soldier knows in what an utter rout and disintegrated mob Sheridan sent the Rebel host "whirling through Winchester."' after those last heights were carried, just before six o'clock on the evening of the 19th. Let us see, then, how Early glosses over that stampede, and pictures an orderly and dignified retreat. He thus describes the Rebel movements after the final charge : — " RarnseTir's division, which maintained its organization, was moved on the east of the town on the south side of it, and put in position, forming the basis for a new line; while the other troops moved back through the town. Wickham's brigade, with some pieces of horse-artillery, on Fort Hill, cov ered this movement, and checked the pursuit of the enemy's cavalry. When the new line was formed, the enemy's advance was checked until nierlitfall; and we then retired to Xewtown without serious molestation. Lomax had held the enemy's cavalry in check on the Front Royal pike, and a feeble attempt at pursuit was repulsed by Ramseur near Kernstown." Gen. Early, in penning this and other paragraphs quoted, must have labored under the strong delusion of intoxication, or he has wilfully falsified in his statements of fact. He consoles himself as follows : — ' ' We deserved the victory, and would have had it but for the enemy's immense superiority in cavalry, which alone gave it to him." THE COUNTRY'S VERDICT. 245 He further belittles the victory and disparages Sheridan in a characteristic manner, as follows : — "As it was, considering the immense disparity in numbers and equip ment, the enemy had very little to boast of . .... A skilful and energetic commander of the enemy's forces would have crushed Ramseur before any assistance could have reached him, and thus insured the destruction of my whole force. . . . When I look back to this battle, I can but attribute my escape from utter annihilation to the incapacity of my opponent. ... I have always thought, that, instead of being promoted, Sheridan ought to have been cashiered for this battle." The fact was, that Early well understood his opponent's strength, — his spies constantly mingled with our troops, — he had under his command the very flower of the Rebel army, familiar with every Valley manoeuvre, and he chose to risk a battle. The following congratulatory despatches were received at headquarters : — From President Lincoln : — "I have just heard of your great victory. God bless you all, — officers and men. Strongly inclined to come up and see you." From Lieut.-Gen. Grant: — " I have just received the news of your great victory, and ordered each of the Army Corps to fire a salute of one hundred guns in honor of it at seven o'clock to-morrow morning. If practicable, push your success, and make all you can of it." From Secretary Stanton : — " Please accept for yourself and your gallant army the thanks of the Presi dent and the Department for your great battle and brilliant victory of yes terday. The President has appointed you a brigadier-general in the Regular Army, and you have been assigned to the permanent command of the Mid dle Military Division. One hundred guns were fired here at noon to-day in honor of your victory." From Sherman to Stanton : — " Magnificent from Gen. Sheridan, and his success will have an effect all over the country. ... I sent copies of your despatch about Sheridan to Gen. Hood, with my compliments ; but I know it does not afford ' comfort to the enemy.' " 246 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. From Sherman to Grant : — " I beg you to give my personal congratulations to Sheridan, and my ear nest hope that he will push Early back on Lynchburg." From Grant to Sheridan : — " I congratulate you and the army serving under you for the great victory just achieved. It has been most opportune in point of time and effect. It will open again to the government and the public the very important line of road from Baltimore to the Ohio River, and also the Chesapeake Canal. Better still, it wipes out much of the stain upon our arms by previous disas ters in that locality. May your good work continue is now the prayer of all loyal men." The Fourteenth drew five days' rations previous to the bat tle ; and many of the men came out of the fight with no haver sacks at all, while others had to throw away provisions in the desperation of conflict. Those who had rations generously shared them with their more unfortunate comrades, but there was a small allowance at the best. Early on the morning of the 20th the victorious army moved up the Valley at a smart pace, the cavalry having pressed on ahead of the infantry. Early had gone back to Fisher's Hill, and occupied his old position ; his line extending from the Shen andoah to Little North Mountain, the divisions being from right to left: Wharton's, Gordon's, Ramseur's, and Rodes's; Col. Pegram filling Ramseur's old place, the latter taking Rodes's division. Lomax headed the Rebel cavalry in the Luray Val ley, Early expecting a flank movement. On the evening of the 20th the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps were camped on the heights of Strasburg ; the Fourteenth Regi ment being stationed in an undulating field to the left of the pike. Sheridan had already resolved to attack the enemy im mediately, and had determined on his plan. Fisher's Hill was practically impregnable to any direct as sault. Sheridan proposed to turn Early's left flank, — a most difficult achievement, and one which Early manifestly never dreamed of as possible. In the Rebel chieftain's astonishing fulmination, from which we have quoted, he declares that the ¦S " * °/ Va?s»^ FISHERS '¦*** ^ CROOK 1PM. ff£i./oryp£ prt as. sostvat FLANK MOVEMENT OF CROOK. 247 position has many weak points ; but a conclusive proof that he never discovered those weak points until Sheridan's masterly strategy turned his defiant host into a panic-stricken, flying mob, is seen in the fact that his ammunition-boxes were re moved from the caissons,' and placed behind the breastworks. Sheridan was to attempt to move Crook over Little North Mountain, and hurl him on Early's left flank when he was well occupied with an attack in front. The Rebels in the Valley were not used to any such audacious and well-calculated ma noeuvring. Two or three of the Fourteenth boys, on the evening of the 20th, succeeded in getting a few lines into a departing mail, which carried the first authentic notice to the Granite Hills of the losses suffered the day before. The Fourteenth lay quiet until the afternoon of the 21st, when it was moved by the right flank to a ridge on the right of the pike, where Sheridan was manoeuvring for position. Crook first took position north of Cedar Creek. The Rebels had a signal station on Three-Top Mountain, overlooking every rod of the Union line. On the night of the 20th, Crook was concealed in a long piece of timber, where he staid all day of the 21st. That night he was marched to another piece of timber, near Strasburg ; and the next morning he moved to, and massed in, the timber near Lit tle North Mountain. In moving Wright and Emory, on the 21st, up in front of the Rebel line, a severe fight was borne by Getty's and Rickett's divisions of the Sixth Corps against a Rebel force holding Flint's Hill, in advance of their main position. Meanwhile Torbert, with Wilsons and Merritt's cavalry, had been sent up the Luray Valley to clear that section, and come into the main val ley behind the enemy after they were beaten at Fisher's Hill. On the morning of the 22d the Fourteenth advanced a mile nearer to the enemy, and lay behind some woods all day. The meanino- of that move was, that the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps were being massed in front of the enemy's left centre. After Crook had reached the position assigned, Rickett's division of 248 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. the Sixth Corps was advanced in front of the enemy's left cen tre; Averill going in on Rickett's front, and driving in the Rebel skirmish-line. The Rebel signal-officer on Three-Top saw the whole manoeuvre, and supposed it was Sheridan's turning col umn. Early was informed, and made arrangements accordingly ; while Crook, unobserved and unsuspected, was working into the enemy's rear on the other side of the mountain. While Early was amused by Sheridan's neat device, Crook was ready to strike consternation into the Rebel host. Early must have been clad in one of his humorous moods when he styles this battle as." the affair at Fisher's Hill," as though it scarcely amounted to a skirmish; and again, when he says of his intentions previous to the fight : " Orders were given for my troops to retire after dark, as I knew my force was not strong enough to meet a determined assault." It is evident, as stated above, that the Rebel commander did consider himself in an impregnable position ; and he planted himself there to stay until he had whipped Sheridan. As we remember it, his troops did "retire;" but a further draft on our memory places it at a little before " dark." It was a little after four o'clock in the afternoon that the Nineteenth Corps deployed from the woods into line-of-battle, in full view of the enemy's position, and right under his guns. The Fourteenth formed nearly on the edge of the bluff, which descends, in a rocky precipice, to the pike running from Stras burg straight to the stone bridge (see illustration), and to the very foot of Fisher's Hill, where it winds through a gorge up to the heights beyond the crest. The elevated and uneven rocky plateau has a considerable trend downward to Tumbling Run, running along the foot of the heights on which the Rebel bat teries were planted, additional intrenchments hiding their in fantry. To the left, and on the meadows below, traversed by the ser pentine course of the Shenandoah, a portion of the Sixth Corps was advancing to charge those perpendicular heights ; while the Nineteenth Corps must first descend that fearfully exposed in cline before its columns would beat against a position almost impossible to carry. CHARGING THE HEIGHTS. 249 The Fourteenth formed its line-of-battle under fire. It was no novelty now : the boys knew what fighting meant, and they closed up with that wonderful tenacity of " elbow touch " which so welded them together at the Opequan. We were afraid of the shells : and, when the order to advance on those belching cannon, gaping with the leer of demons down upon us, was given, there was a decidedly uncomfortable feeling throughout the ranks ; but every man stood square to the work. If there was any place for cowards, there happily was no room for skulk ers ; there was no opportunity for a hasty appeal to the surgeon on a sudden attack of acute ailment : we were in the battle be fore any body in the Regiment dreamed there was to be any fighting that day. The sight, when the battle of Fisher's Hill fairly opened, was magnificent, if it was terrible. The Fourteenth left the woods, and faced the enemy's heights about one thousand yards from the guns. The Rebel batteries were posted on three ridges, somewhat elevated above the general heights, which extend across the valley. On the right bluff of their position were six guns ; on the middle, or " bald-top," fifteen guns ; and to the left, nearest to Little North Mountain, eleven guns. As soon as the Union columns began their advance, every gun opened, and we were within easy range. They expected that Sheridan was marching to a desperate assault. Down the incline, in splendid array, the Nineteenth Corps went slowly, but with an ominous swing of step that meant desperate work when the time should come. One third of the distance was traversed by the Fourteenth. Up there on those cruel heights we saw the Rebel gunners at the liveliest sort of work. They were getting the range with fearful accuracy. In ten minutes more the carnage must be appalling ; but no Rebel watch-dial was ever to mark that ten minutes. Capt. Tolman was just giving cautions for preserving the splendid line which the Fourteenth was showing in its advance, when we heard a strange cheer. We had heard that shout once before from the Rebel position : it was on the field of the Ope quan, at five o'clock. 250 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. What could it mean ? " There is a Union flag on that gun! I see it!" Yes : away up there, on those unattainable heights, on that Rebel cannon in the left group of guns, stood one of Crook's color-bearers, waving that resplendent banner with thirty-four stars upon it, signalling to a triumphant army, that, while it was marching up to death in front, victory had been won in the rear. Let no civilian attempt to imagine the glad impulse which surged through the ranks. It was, to start for those heights on the dead run. " Steady ! steady, men ! " from our commander, Tolman, held every man to his place ; and still we marched on in line-of-battle to the charge. For a few minutes longer the enemy's guns farther to the right kept up the fire, but it was useless. Crook had struck, and his blow was as irresistible as a thun derbolt. Had the mountain itself yawned, and out of the caverns of the pit had surged legions of demon foes, or had the angelic hosts of heaven descended to the attack, Early's troops could hardly have been more astonished. The Rebel generals made superhuman efforts to escape from the disaster. Ramseur tried to throw his brigades to the left ; Pegram was appealed to, and Wharton ordered up, so Early says. He praises the coolness of his cannoneers, but his infan try ran like frightened sheep, and they had good reason. They supposed that a heavy Union force had come down the valley, and fallen upon their rear, cutting off all retreat. They started for the river away to their right, and endeav ored to escape by fording the Shenandoah, and getting into the mountains. By this mistake of the Johnnies, our cavalry cap tured most of the prisoners taken. The way to the rear was pretty much open when the Rebel line first broke and fled. The stampede on the left was in full view of the Fourteenth, and was a most edifying spectacle. As soon as the guns on the heights were all silenced, and the enemy had abandoned its lines, the Fourteenth moved by the m**-^ THE STONE BRIDGE A GLORIOUS VICTORY. 251 flank down to the foot of the mountain, filed over the stone bridge, and marched up the pike through the gorge to the emi nence in rear of the heights just held by Early's army. We had captured more than one-third of all his cannon, be sides a large quantity of other arms and material of war. It was in Sheridan's plan to capture the Rebel army entire ; and, had the movement of our cavalry up the Luray valley been successful, so as to reach the valley at Newmarket ahead of Early, the object would doubtless have been accomplished. The following order was sent by Secretary Stanton to the commander of every army-corps in the country : " On receipt of this order you will cause a national salute of one hundred guns to be fired in honor of the great victory achieved by Major-Gen. Sheridan, and the United-States forces under his command, over the Rebel forces under Gen. Early, on the 22d instant, at Fisher's Hill." The following is one of Early's characteristic comments : " If Sheridan had not had subordinates of more ability and energy than himself, I should probably have had to write a different history of my Valley campaign." Can any veteran of the Fourteenth forget the performance which directly followed Fisher's Hill? For an hour after the heights were carried, there was a lull and a rest ; although the troops were all the while slowly moving beyond the heights, massing, and waiting for the next move. Never was an army happier. It was the glad re-action from a terrible strain. The whole army was, for an hour, a mighty pack of well-disciplined boys. Ranks were kept, and perfect order preserved ; but the boys did shout and yell and strain their throats as soldiers can when each man tries to outdo his neighbor. Every regiment cheered every other regiment that it passed. They roared and bellowed and whooped ; and every man of us was away inside the truth when he declared, that he " never yelled so in all his life." No yawning battle-field graves that night for the Fourteenth Regiment. Not one of our beloved stark and cold, or maimed and dying, and but two wounded ; though many had fallen in 252 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. other battalions. Yet a great victory was gained, and the army was once more to pursue a beaten foe. It was dark when orders came for the first brigade of Grover's division to take the ad vance, and chase the enemy all night without giving him time to rest. Early declares that " vigorous pursuit was not made ; " but the Fourteenth, which was in the very front all that night, would like to have Early give an apple-jack definition of "vigor ous." The Rebel general manifested a good deal of vigor in running, and was obliged to burn many of his wagons to keep them from falling into our hands, and then he failed. Under ordinary circumstances the men would have consid ered this forced, all-night march as a rough infliction ; but never did soldiers set out upon arduous service with more alacrity. After the first two hours the prevailing hilarity settled down into quiet merriment ; and the Fourteenth led the pursuing col umn at a good smart pace, singing, whistling, and bantering jokes at the expense of the flying Johnnies. The Eighth Corps was well to the rear, having been obliged to march back to Strasburg for their knapsacks. A little after midnight, as the column was marching down a hill into a hollow, through which and across the pike ran a good-sized stream, and beyond which rose the corresponding hill, suddenly a stream of fire a quarter of a mile long flashed along the opposite hillside, and the rattle of musketry followed. The bullets flew thick about us. The writer cocked his rifle, backed up the hill a couple of rods, and lay down. All was confusion. The Fourteenth behaved well, simply recoiling, not retreating at all, nor firing, — save in a few instances, — but waiting for orders. It was pitch dark, and no one could deter mine the strength of the demonstration. A regiment in the rear of the Fourteenth was bound to do some killing, and didn't seem to be over-nice in the choice of a target. We were in more danger from Union muskets in the rear than from the enemy. As soon as possible a line-of-battle was formed across the pike ; Capt. Ripley showing great cool ness, and rendering efficient service in restoring order. A MIDNIGHT AMBUSH. 253 Tho Fourteenth formoil in line to the right of tho pike, a Now- York regiment being about ten rods in front. Just as the line-of-battle was well formed, tho enemy opened upon us with two Hold -pieces from the opposite hill; but they mostly shot wide of the mark, though one shell struck directly in front of tho Fourteenth's colors, and just in rear of the New- York boys. Hut low shells woro thrown. A Union skirmish-lino was ad vanced ; and the army slowly moved forward in the darkness, in line-of-battle. Early had accomplished his purpose. We were pressing him sore. lie threw out a skirmish-line to the rear, planted two guns on ti hillock, delayed the pursuing column for two hours, and gained precious time. No further disturbance marked the night's race; tho Union troops soon filing from line to Hank movement, and jogging on as rapidly as they could be pressed. Liout. W. II. Sargent of Company D was captured by the Rebels, at tho battle of the Opequan, and in company with about twenty officers and three hundred other prisoners of war, was still under guard just before the battle of Fisher's Hill; the Rebel army being encamped at Tom's Run, about twenty-five miles from Winchester. Late in the afternoon of September 22, couriers came into the camp, announcing the progress of a disastrous fight. In consequence of this information, tho pris oners were hastily marched off under guard, stopping only for a short rest shortly before daybreak. Before resuming the inarch, some of the prisoners, among them Lieut. Sargent, were allowed to go to the bank of tho brook beside which they had halted, to drink and wash. Sargent noticed a narrow ditch running at right angles with the brook, and, taking advantage of a moment ary inattention of the guard, concealed himself in it, with the assistance of a fellow-prisoner. lie was not missed, and his tired and hungry comrades moved on without him. Here he lay until ten o'clock, not daring to change his position ; for hun dreds of Rebel soldiers were halting to bathe in the stream within a low feet of his hiding-place, and some of them standing so near that thoy seemed to bo looking directly into his face as 254 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. he lay upon his back. Gen. Breckinridge rode into the stream close by his feet, to water his horse. Gen. Gordon's division was the last to pass, and he could hear the noise of the skirmish ing which the Union cavalry was carrying on with their rear. After waiting for some time after the last Rebel had disappeared, Lieut. Sargent left his concealment, and looked about him to determine the course of his flight. Across the brook was a highway; beyond this was a field of sugar-cane, then a strip of woods, and, still farther, a wooded mountain. Deciding to reach the mountain if possible, he removed his blouse, in order that the shoulder-straps might not betray him, and crossed the brook to the road ; when two mounted Rebel officers came in sight round a turn in the road. He crossed the road, and was just getting over the fence, when one of them asked him what division he belonged to. " Gordon's," replied Sargent, hoping they would take him to be a Rebel ; but the officer ordered him to halt, at the same time taking aim at him with his rifle. Sar gent was in the cane-brake before he could fire, and, soon enter ing the woods, found it to be only a narrow strip bordering a large river ; on the other side of which was a wide interval, to be crossed before the mountain could be gained. Knowing that his only hope of escape was in hiding in the river, he plunged in; coming up under some driftwood about twenty rods from the bank. Raising his head above the surface, he saw the two Rebels at different points on the bank, looking for him ; and, diving again to get farther away, he was observed by one of them, and obliged to come out, and, at the village of Mount Jackson, was turned over to the provost-guard. That after noon a Union shell exploded in the house where he was quar tered, creating great destruction, and causing the Rebels to seek safer quarters. He was finally taken to Libby Prison, where he was soon after paroled. A difficulty had arisen, and every mile of march was increas ing it. The men had drawn no rations since the day before Opequan battle: there was nothing left to subsist upon; and the army was running away from its supply-train, which was coining up from the rear. A halt was inevitable. AN EXHILARATING CHASE. 255 At four A.m. Woodstock was reached by the Union advance. The column filed into a field beyond the town, stacked arms, and waited for the supply-train. The men were so weary that most of them slept until ten o'clock, like logs. The long train, with its din and racket, rolled by within a few feet, and never roused us. That morning Early got his shattered army — those who had not made for the mountains or been captured — back to Mount Jackson; and just beyond, on Rude's Hill, he made a stand. He had a hospital and stores at Mount Jackson, which he deter mined to save. Sheridan's cavalry made an attempt to outflank him on his right : but Averill did not arrive as expected ; and, after pushing him some on the front, the cavalry desisted, and waited for the infantry. Early improved his time, and considerably re-organized his army; setting it in motion southward on the morning of the 24th, but leaving a strong rearguard on Rude's Hill, intrenched to withstand the Union advance. About ten o'clock the Four teenth reached Mount Jackson ; and there on the heights, just beyond the ruins of a splendid railroad-bridge whose track ran one hundred and twenty feet above the river-bed, was the enemy, advantageously posted. The stream was the North Fork of the Shenandoah, which here enters the Valley from the west. Every Fourteenth boy will remember the wide detour to the right, and wading of the river up to our waists. Early got a good deal of cursing for compelling the men to suffer that wetting : it wasn't kind in the Rebel hero. When we got around in front of the enemy's position, he wasn't there. The day was memorable in Valley tactics. We had the enemy well in view from every eminence all day. At every available point Early would turn, and show fight with his rearguard, while his main army hurried on. That rearguard surely did well. On every prominent bill-crest during the day one of Sheridan's batteries would shell the retreating foe until out of range ; when it would limber up, gallop ahead to another rise, and repeat the entertainment. The infantry marched by the flank in brigade columns so dis- 256 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. tanced as to be able to swing into line-of-battle in five minutes at any time. Several times that day, " On the right into line ! " was the order ; and then a splendid spectacle was presented as two or three lines of battle suddenly formed away across the valley, to break into column again when the enemy retired. The first brigade was away on the right of the army, march ing farthest from the pike, along the hillsides, and so had the best opportunity for observing the manoeuvres of the day with out being obliged so often to deploy. It was Sheridan's intention to bring on an engagement, but he could not tempt Early. The latter was evidently disgusted with Sheridan's style of fighting. Just before sunset Early says that he determined to resist any further pursuit, so that his wagons could escape on the Port Republic road. He planted his batteries, formed in line, but says that Sheridan went into camp out of range. The fact is, Sheridan's cavalry under Powell had, on the morning of the 24th, badly defeated Lomax on the Rebel left, crowded round in his rear by the back road, and gained the Valley pike. Early could not retreat up the Valley through Harrisonburg. He must turn to the left and east on the Port Republic road. Sheridan went into camp that night six miles south of New market ; and in the night Early made another precipitate run, stopping beyond Port Republic. Wickham arrived at New market Gap just too late to re-enforce Early, and had to proceed farther up the Luray. We have seen that Sheridan's cavalry in the Luray arrived at Newmarket too late to get in rear of the enemy. At this time Early was re-enforced by Kershaw's division. The Union infantry kept on up the Valley pike, the Four teenth reaching Harrisonburg on the 25th. The next day the Sixth and Nineteenth advanced to Mount Crawford, seven miles, and there halted to sustain the various and rapid cavalry movements which Sheridan put in execution. Crook remained somewhat to the rear to await developments. The same clay Merritt's cavalry moved to Port Republic, and Torbert's to Staunton and Waynesborough, to destroy Rebel stores and communications. All mills were to be burned. A LIVELY PROVOST-MARSHAL. 257 During each of these movements there was considerable fighting ; our cavalry being forced to retire after having accom plished, for the most part, their purposes. At this time Early appears to have shown great vigor and good generalship. Mount Crawford was the southern limit reached by the Union infantry, where it remained until October 1. The Fourteenth Regiment, however, made a short stop there, remaining only one hour, then marching back to Harrisonburg, where it was assigned to provost-duty, performing the same until the army retired down the Valley. Capt. T. A. Ripley was relieved from duty on Gen. Birge's staff, and appointed provost-marshal of Harrisonburg. He also assumed command of the Fourteenth; being the senior of Capt. Tolman, who, in the absence of all field-officers, had commanded the regiment since the close of the battle of the Opequan. It is moderate to affirm that provost-duty in Harrisonburg was performed pretty efficiently. All Rebel suspects were made to play the liveliest antics. Few spots of concealment escaped the Argus eye and remarkable activity of the provost-marshal. It was the most uncomfortable spot in the entire so-called Con federacy for any man or woman who had any more property in store than he or she could clearly account for. One confis cation consisted of three webs of cotton cloth. But even our fertile-minded provost-marshal was in a quandary how to dis pose of the captured cloth. It was finally issued to the men in three-quarter-yard strips. The recipients were more amused than benefited by this novel " ration " of cotton cloth. During the few days of its stay in Harrisonburg,, the Four teenth enjoyed life, and had a good time generally. October 1 Merritt re-occupied Port Republic ; the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps moved back to Harrisonburg; while Early held a strong position in Brown's Gap in the Blue Ridge, he being within supporting distance of Lee. On the 5th Early was re-enforced by Rosser's brigade of cavalry; and with fresh artillery, and Kershaw's infantry, he was stronger than when he first moved down the Valley. 258 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. FORAGING. The word " foraging," as used by the Union volunteer, was an exceedingly elastic and comprehensive term. If any unso phisticated civilian imagines that the bummer element of the army monopolized that short cut between demand and supply denominated "foraging," he will learn his error by a most casual peep behind the scenes. In fact, foraging, like charity, covers a multitude of sins : and not merely the flagrant, vulgar category of " scooping-in " sins crept under the convenient mantle ; but high-toned transgressions, of euphemistic designa tions, fraternized with the antics of the rank and file, and it was all — foraging. Gen. Sherman, in his report on the " March to the Sea," thus naively discusses this feature of that celebrated campaign : — " A little loose in foraging, they ' did some things they ought not to have done : ' yet, on the whole, they have supplied the wants of the army with as little violence as could be expected, and as little loss as I calculated. " Probably the other side would hardly characterize the freaks of Sherman's bummers as "a little loose foraging;" but, by the practices of all nations at war in modern times, the Rebel inhabitants of Georgia, and, indeed, of the entire South, had no cause for complaint. There were isolated instances of entirely unauthorized and wanton destruction of valuable property and family keepsakes ; there was some marauding which brought the blush of shame to every honorable volunteer's cheek : but these were rare cases and plain exceptions. Scarcely one gross outrage can be alleged against that mighty host which contented itself with being a conquering army when there was much excuse for whirling through the South a besom of destruction. Let those who magnify single instances of apparent wantonness remember, that, while the high-minded Union veteran depre cated all such ventures, a terrible provocation existed when Rebel women lured the boys in blue into ambuscades and death traps, and soldiers were shot down from the windows of private houses by Rebel citizens having no visible connection with any army. HEN-ROOST TACTICS. 259 Training in the school of the forager often preceded any drill in the school of the soldier. The average battalion showed a proficiency in rallying round a hen-roost or aligning on a rail- fence, quite equal to its early alacrity in rallying round the flag or its ability to handsomely dress on the color-line. No obnox ious imputation can be inferred from this remark, for no coward in battle was ever famous for pig-chasing ; while the converse was true, that the regiments most noted for sensing the true inwardness of the commissary resources of any region blessed by their presence were the reliable ones for a brilliant onset or defensive steadiness. Levying subsistence from the enemy was a military duty, requiring no compulsion for its faithful per formance. The boys showed a remarkable facility in this department of strategy, and displayed a truly wonderful inge nuity of resource and adaptation of means to ends. The tradi tions of boyhood watermelon-essays doubtless rounded out the broad culture of our boys in the art of campaign gastronomies. When one of the companies of the Fourteenth Regiment started for the general camp in Concord, the excursion was enlivened by a bountiful and delicious lunch served through the train ; and thereby hangs a tale. Praise was lavished with out stint upon the generous, public-spirited man who con tributed the immense hampers of roast chicken. But when the benevolent gentleman, who "contributed" so extensively to this refreshment^ inspected his depleted hen-roost, he was busied with other than patriotic sentiments. He was of that sort of public nuisance which always carves its opinion on the body of a town-meeting, and he invariably opposed appropria tions on economic grounds. But when he made an obnoxious speech against paying town-bounties to the soldiers enlisting to fill the town's quota in August, 1862, there insinuated itself into even his obtuseness the conviction that somebody had made a mistake. One beautiful midnight, with a full moon, just before the recruits were to depart for the Concord rendezvous, this bounty- saving citizen was aroused by two travellers. He responded so immediately that the item of clothing beyond a shirt was a 260 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. matter of no consequence. There were some other accessories of an approaching tableau not worth mentioning, such as the circumstance that there were twenty less chickens on this emi nent citizen's roosts than there were twenty minutes earlier; also that twenty men — the number twenty was a significant number that night — lay very low behind the paling, withiu twenty feet of that front door in which stood the shivering patriot; further, that au adjacent cucumber-patch had just previously been scoured by the aforesaid gallant twenty plus two. It must be considered as curiously unfortunate that the cucumber-patch yielded, on the night in question, a remarkable harvest of rotten fruit, just in that condition of ripeness to fur nish a brave soldier with excellent material for hand-grenade practice. One other circumstance was most singular. A mag nificent American eagle, roosting on the gable of a private mansion at midnight, in the midst of our great war, must have been considered a significant omen : and it was so regarded by the squad of heroes aforesaid, for two of the men were detailed to invite the sleeping economist to come out and view the national bird. Our victim has always averred that he saw no eagle: but the conditions were not favorable for accurate observation, even with an eagle on the gable, though the oeeasion was for him neither monotonous nor lacking in instruction. He did not stop " to reason why," nor to argue with the half-hundred soft seed-cucumbers which hastened in from all directions to con gratulate him upon his new possession. In his somewhat hasty desire to step into the house for something, he slipped up on a big, treacherous cucumber; and as he rose from a back hug with the cobble-walk, and dove into the doorway, it is affirmed by several of the boys that he made some remarks. Those chickens were well cooked by perfectly innocent ladies for the " noble soldier-boys ; " and the said boys ate them, thinking of the American eagle and his remarkable midnight perch. There is no intention here of dignifying the petty and con temptible stealings indulged in by reckless volunteers with the characterization of our title. Neither shall foraging account for A SHARP TRICK. 261 the sharp but unworthy trick of that soldier who made one twenty-dollar bill feed him daintily for a fortnight after pay day, and at the end of that time had the magical greenback still in his pocket. He would visit some pie or apple stand where five dollars in change could never be found. He ate all the pie, apples, cakes, etc., he could stow away; and then he was in a pressing hurry to get away. The pie-vender could not change the bill ; and dared not leave the premises for a moment to procure change, for reasons which commend them selves to every veteran's recollection. Our hero could not wait to argue long over a dollar's worth of food already digesting: hence the swindled purveyor of colic-excitants did wait, and probably is still waiting, for his pay. There were other eminently successful devices hardly defina ble as foraging. Such were the "requisitions" for whiskey, brandy, sugar, treacle, etc., never made out on recognized gov ernment blanks ; the said select rations being drawn by officers' servants from the brigade stores, by a strange coincidence, when the commissary was absent. It was not foraging when an offi cer was caught behind a big tree in a lonely dell of a Virginia landscape, eagerly devouring jellies and other goodies intended for the sick boys in hospital. General foraging was perfectly consonant with manliness, and was not unworthy of the cause. Pile extra rails upon the camp-fires, and let the stories go round, — the breakneck adventures, sly reconnoissance of henneries, apiaries, pig-yards, and pastures ; the escapades, and the essays where there was no escape ; the mysterious burdens stealing into camp, and confided to the cook, with a judicious allotment to an officer who never could be bribed, but was amenable to reason ; the long array of accommodating privates who were willing to oblige the cook by going outside the guards for a pail of water, and using up a great deal of time in finding the spring ; the savory odors of tender roasts and incomparable camp -stews, larded with occasional relishes adroitly fished from mysterious nooks, — all these reminiscences return to intensify and heighten veteran memories. The remarks in this article are limited to individual, or at least unauthorized foraging, and ignore all or- 262 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. ganized levying of subsistence by moving armies. For neces sary sustenance, for ooveted luxuries not otherwise obtainable, and for the pure love of fun and adventure, these provision larks were indulged in. The official sternness and personal pliability of regimental and company oommtuiders were most amusing and provocative of laughable contradictions. When a large portion of the regiment was making ready one dark night for an adventure outside the lines, a feat of reprisal and revenge for a shot at a comrade fired by an irate farmer who was losing his straw, the commanding officer ordered the guards to fire on any man venturing to run their beats; and, when the expedi tion was entirely broken up, he asked one of the leaders, " Why didn't the boys go ahead ? " But suoh duplicity was unusual; and it was the aim of the officers of the Fourteenth, certainly, to prevent all lawlessness. Their success in the matter of " Old Claggett's " rails, however, was somewhat dubious. Cold weather was coming on when the regiment moved from Adder 1 1 ill to Offutt's Cross Roads, to construct and oooupy winter-quarters. Aoross the plain, within a third of a mile of the proposed oarap, ran one of those tall and tempting rail-fen oes so exasperating to the experienced soldier. Knapsacks were hardly unslung when a lively oharge was made on that fence. A half-mile of splendid fence vanished in a quarter of an hour. But " Old Claggett" knew Ins points: he had an elegant briok residence, and a most inviting resort for the chief officers. He was a shrewd slave-owning planter, and understood making friends of the mammon of Union shoulder- straps. Complaint was made at onoe, but the ignorance of all the under-offioers that any rails had been taken by the men was as remarkable as it was universal. The colonel issued the most peremptory orders for the return of every rail. Then was wit nessed a ourious phenomenon. When the oommand was fully understood, it took so long to penetrate the general stupidity that a large proportion of the rails were out onoe or twioe in two before the order was comprehended. Those rails had in creased in weight amazingly. When they were lugged into oamp, one man took four rails at one trip easily to the rear of OLD CLAGGETT'S RAILS. 263 his tent in less than five minutes' time; but, in replacing them, it required two men fully twenty minutes to get one of Clag gett's rails back to where, by the line of post-holes remaining, a fence had apparently stood. Not more than one-third of those rails were recovered ; and, when the irate semi-Reb owner egged on the colonel to investi gate the lineage of the several cords of broken rails, it was ascertained that not one splinter of them ever came from Old Claggett's plantation. The officers seemed to be satisfied, but the old gentleman never appeared quite happy. Every day of established camp-life witnessed important or trivial adventures of one or more men, who rarely came in with empty haversacks. Sometimes it was a legitimate dicker, sometimes unparalleled cheek, oftener the sublime audacity displayed by the Yankee soldier in his exercise of the right of "eminent domain." One evening at dress-parade, the colonel was incensed at the absence of several of the drummers. Before he left the parade-ground, three of the delinquents were observed coming into camp. Perceiving that they were observed, they put on a bold front, and passed quite near their commanding officer. Obsequiously saluting, the spokesman remarked, sotto voce, " Colonel, we have got some fine pork in our drums here : shall we leave a nice piece at your tent ? " Colonel, in a loud and severe tone : " If you are sick, report yourself to the sur geon ; don't come round here troubling me ! " Some of that pork was placed where it would do the most good. One of the most exciting episodes, with its complication of ludiorous results, that ever entered into the experience of the Fourteenth Regiment, occurred on the forenoon following our arrival at Poolesville. No one who had a hand in the mammoth raid on Walters's store can ever forget the wild commotion, the greedy frenzy, and the uncontrollable tumult, incident to the impetuous attack of a whole battalion on a large and well-fur nished store, filled with dry -goods, provisions, hardware, grocer ies — dry, and the wettest of wet. Many years after the war, fine dry-goods taken from Walters's store were seen perambu lating the streets of a New-Hampshire city. The keeper of one 264 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. of the stores was one of those double-faced, treacherous Mary land Rebels who professed Unionism by day and entertained Moseby's bushwhackers by night. A slight mistake was made, as we shall see ; but the regiment was altogether too hungry and footsore to be trifled with. A shout, a rush, a crash — the store was open, and the scrimmage was begun. Flour, whiskey, sugar, calico, and molasses were mixed up in novel combina tions. Barrels of molasses, sugar, and whiskey were broken up in the street, though fortunately but little of the latter was gathered up. The scrambling for plunder was desperate in its recklessness, but the individual adventures and the general spectacle furnished comicalities for a volume. The officers somehow learned of the riot, and appeared on the scene to disperse the men at the critical moment; i.e., when the store had been completely gutted, and nothing remained to con fiscate. Crackers, flour, cheese, hams, pork, etc., were pretty evenly distributed through the regiment; with sugar, raisins, and other choicer groceries, in spots. Whole pieces of flannel, webs of cotton cloth, twenty, thirty, fifty yards of calico, dozens of handkerchiefs and socks, long cuts of towelling, and patterns of rich dress-goods, were stowed snugly away that night as pil lows for privates' bunks in the old brick church. The officers, whose integrity was loftier than that of the rank and file, never suspected the sources of supply from whence came the abun dant luxuries of their mess for several weeks afterward; and some choice textiles obtained from their men they never dreamed to have been evolved from that reprobated raid. Most of the booty was a burden to the possessors ; and the negroes and poor whites in the vicinity drove a thriving trade for a few days, the men being glad to close out their stock of dry-goods for edibles. A good deal of the more valuable plun der was sent home, and what remained afforded fun and ex citement in possession and camp-trade for some time. The discomfited trader reported his loss to the brigadier ; and the colonel was ordered to investigate, search, produce the offenders, punish summarily, and restore every thing taken. The stern ness of the officers was appalling. They had just eaten a hearty OLD HIGGINS. 265 breakfast well seasoned with the loot from Walters's store, and they were eager for the meting-out of swift retributive justice. One bag of flour, half a ham, seventeen shoes with no mates, and a long roll of cheap soiled calico, were discovered after a half-day's search ; but the strangest feature of the investigation was, that the valuable goods recovered were not traced to any particular criminal. And so it resulted that Walters was no happier than Claggett. There was a cause for the raid, and a good one, although vengeance fell on the wrong head. Some time previous to the arrival of the Fourteenth, a detachment of Scott's " Nine Hun dred " had been quartered in the church elsewhere mentioned. A force of White's cavalry — Maryland guerillas — came upon the Union detachment, and surprised it, killing several. It was well understood that " Old Higgins " — owning a store opposite to Walters's — had piloted the Rebel cavalry. Scott's Nine Hundred were not accurately informed as to the guilty trader ; but when they arrived in Poolesville, on the same night with the Fourteenth, there was burning in their hearts the purpose of the avenger. They began the raid participated in by the Fourteenth. " Old Higgins " escaped, while Walters was in advertently made the victim. Walters was really an unflinch ing Union man, and afterward recovered four thousand dollars from the government. It was a disconsolate apple-vender who drove his ox-cart, on its return trip over the wide stretch of rolling plain, the parade- ground of the Independent Brigade, one crisp morning in Janu ary, 1863. He took a load of apples to the camp of the Four teenth. He took away as heavy a load as he brought, but it was in the form of experience ; and if he furnished food to the boys for an hour, they certainly sent him away with food for reflection sufficient to keep him ruminating long afterward. He backed his cart up to the line upon which paced the guard at " support arms." There was a fatality in that halting the tail board of the ox-cart exactly on the line. Three feet outside would have spared him many reflections. Soon a score of men off duty lounged up to the peripatetic apple-stand; and gradually 266 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. the gathering swelled to a sizable crowd, though for more than an hour no particular interest was manifested in the sale, which proceeded slowly, the paymaster not having been interviewed since the regiment left home. Here again the stars were in a bad conjunction for the expected gains of our butternut-coated citizen of '• my Maryland ; " foi\ had the men been well in funds, every barrel of apples would have been sold in fifteen minutes. The only scintilla of prudence evinced by this artless tempter of men, whose appetites were being whet'ed keener for a good apple-eat by each dozen slowly peddled o t, was in his opening but one barrel at a time ; and so strictly did he and his lank, sallow-faced heir attend to business, that the sharpest of the boys found no opening for the confiscation of a solitary apple. The proprietor appeared somewhat disturbed when three of the heaviest among the men leisurely climbed on to the rear of the cart ; but he soon grew unconcerned, as were two of the com pany who became interested in the forward mechanism of the two-wheeled vehicle. Soon afterward an accident occurred. That farmer-peddler has presumably never ceased to wonder how he could have ventured from home with the forward end of his cart not fastened down. At any rate, the cart tipped; down came the heavy weights, apples and all. Then a rush, a yell, and a terrific scramble. The apples from the opened barrels were instantly churned deep into the adhesive mud. Another barrel was burst open ; and the fabled fruit of Hesperides was more easily captured by Hercules than were those mud-plastered apples by the surging crowd, now wild with fun, and with mouths made up for a jolly fruit banquet. Hats were doffed, jtnd used as scoops to capture the dubious booty. Two stout Company-C men seized a full barrel, and, rushing through the crowd, secured the prize in a company tent. The unfortunate trafficker with the " mudsill minions " appeared to have lost all interest in hanging about there ; and he seemed happy to get off with his team and two empty barrels. The boys merrily invited him to call again, but his parting look " Resembled pleasure only As the mist resembles the rain." RATION DICKER. 267 A sort of foraging more satisfactory to one of the parties concerned was practised extensively throughout the war. The Union soldier traded his surplus coffee, sugar, and salt, for such provisions as were luxuries in the army. In this way both sides were greatly benefited. This " swapping " went so far that opposing pickets of the two great armies frequently exchanged coffee and sugar for tobacco. The dread scourge of war had laid its devastating blight upon the rich Valley of the Shenan doah from the beginning of the war ; and wherever an invading army left a track, there nearly every article of subsistence was swept into the insatiate maw of a lean commissariat. When both Union and Rebel armies conducted themselves as invaders, being merciless in requisition and confiscation of supplies, the inhabitants of that unhappy region were cursed beyond almost any section of the South. Raids, sorties, imposing invasions, and campaigns subsidiary to the central strategy, turned the Valley into a military chess-board. The game was a desperate one always, fluctuating in its temporal successes, and, on the whole, a losing one to both sides, up to August, 1864 ; when Sheridan played a Union game which first puzzled, then be wildered, and finally routed and ruined, the Rebel forces in the Shenandoah. The Valley was aptly termed the granary of the Confederacy, and this partially accounted for the Rebel tenacity of endeavor to maintain possession. When Sheridan's army began its move ments against Early, the lower portion of the Valley was so thoroughly wasted that foraging was an unprofitable venture for the " Yankee bummers." But above Strasburg the Rebel forces had for some time maintained almost undisputed possession, in a good measure conserving the private property of its sympa thizers ; for hardly a home but contributed from one to half a dozen recruits to the legions of the lost cause. We found a good deal in the Valley to confiscate, despite the wholesale and repeated plundering to which the inhabitants had been subjected ; although an astonishing ingenuity was displayed in concealing every thing that a Yankee might covet. Those sections of Sheridan's army which marched up the Valley at some distance 203 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. from the pike and the more frequented roads, were fortunate in picking up considerable extra subsistence : a partial compensa tion for the audacious robberies perpetrated by Moseby's gueril las, who cut off our supply-traius wherever the strictest vigilance was for an hour relaxed, — in one instance cutting out forty wagons from the middle of a five-mile supply-train while the front and rear drivers were in utter ignorance of the attack. The foraging triumphs on the Union skle inspirited the army, and gave zest to every phase of the campaign. Similar adven tures, and a like exhilaration of Sherman's army, during its march to the sea. are well expressed in the following stanza : — '• How the darkies shouted when they heard the joyful sound! How the turkeys gobbled which our commissary found! How the sweet potatoes even started from the ground! While we were marching through Georgia." One of the first foraging ventures of the Nineteenth Corps in the Valley was during a halt for dinner. A keen-scented pio neer among the foragers discovered an apiary filled with hives. containing a large quantity of honey. It was •* a terrible temp tation," and his shout of discovery prompted a general stam pede of men who thought a moment before that they could not stir a foot farther without a protracted rest. And then iu view of an entire division of the army was enacted a side-splitting comedy, rousing the merriment of a whole column. Each of half a dozen stalwart troopers had shouldered a hive, and more than a thousand others were striving for what remained. It was observed that the successful hive-hunters were very busy with their hands, beating the air : and the motions grew more eccentric and furious. One of them uttered a wail, then seut out an infuriated yell, and, hurling his treasure to the ground, plunged blindly into the crowd of bewildered soldiers eager for the sweets still unrevealed. The other loaded invaders of the apiary directly ascertained that their boxes were too heavy for transportation, and they abandoned their prizes to mother earth. Millions of bees appeared to be in the air : and with a general howl of pain and rage the precipitate honey-hunters scattered, THE REBEL GOOSE. 269 a heavy detail of angered bees in full chase of every victim, and putting in telling strokes. The unfortunates fell into the ranks in an inglorious plight, the butt of the entire army so far as they had been observed. While the troops were encamped for a day near Charlestown, three adventurers from the Fourteenth visited the hennery of an estate in the outskirts of the town. Just as the}' were stock ing up for a return to the bivouac, Ashby, with a guard of Rebel cavalry, rode up to stop for the night. Until morning were these trembling Yankees imprisoned in a Rebel hen-house, nor did they dare venture out until the troopers in gray had disappeared. Many of the valley farmers had finished their sorghum-molasses manufacture previous to the Union advance. A barrel of sorghum was soon disposed of. Canteens and cups were filled ; men ate until nauseated ; in their greed the sticky treacle dripped everywhere, smearing clothing from head to foot, gluing beard and dust in remarkable compounds, slop ping, spilling, running : sorghum left its imprint on thousands of highly flavored and thoroughly sweetened defenders of the Union. It was "linked sweetness long drawn out." We are informed that the cackling of a goose in the temple saved Rome. One Rebel planter in the valley should have sent his poultry for schooling to the Roman goose, for the untimely cackle of a single hen precipitated a fowl calamity upon that estate. Discerning the approach of the Union vanguard, this wily husbandman had gathered his goodly stock of poultry into a large, tight out-building, and closed it securely. The right column of the army, being the Nineteenth Corps, marched be tween this improvised hennery and the larger barn. Two-thirds of the column had passed, and so well had the owner accom plished his work of seclusion that not one foraging detective had mistrusted the existence of a fowl on the estate. Precisely as the centre of the Fourteenth arrived opposite the hennery, a single fatal cackle ruined the Thanksgiving expectations of that planter, and sealed the doom of about fifty fowls. No time was lost in preliminaries. Down came the door; there was no shouting, and little noise save the furious cackling inside : but 270 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. ten times as many hungry men were determined to get into that hen-house as it would contain, and the coveted poultry was quickly divided. So hastily was the irregular allotment consummated, that in several instances two men got hold of one pullet, and neither let go nor went away empty-handed. The column moved right on, but there was many a choice bit of broiled chicken that night round the camp-iires of the Nine teenth Corps. Pigs, sheep, and even young beeves, were occa sionally brought in, though such booty in the Valley was rare. A choice element in foraging was the excitement of its peril, and this factor was generally involved in every venture after extra diet during an active campaign. Our boys were venture some even to recklessness, with no prospective gain commensu rate to the risk. On the afternoon before the battle of Fisher's Hill, when the two armies were in line but a mile apart, and while a sharp skirmish was going on in full view of both com batants, half a dozen of the Fourteenth sallied out to recon noitre a vineyard between the two lines. They accomplished this venture; and, by exposing themselves to both capture and death, secured — a few quarts of grapes. And that fruit was richer and more delicious than the grapes of Eshcol. The in stances cited are few, yet fairly representative of the numberless episodes in the history of every regiment ; and such daring exploits are not among the first which the veteran will care to have obliterated from his recollections of the Groat Rebellion. t A point had been reached where Sheridan encountered a per plexing problem, and must make an important decision. Should he advance, or retire ? A mere holding of his own would prove barren in results, and all the Union troops were needed for aggressive operations. A small force, probably Crook's, must remain to guard the Potomac. One course was to advance on Brown's Gap, try to drive Early out, and then proceed with the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps to Gordonsville, east, of the Blue Ridge. But should this be accomplished, and should Grant's army around Petersburg fail to hold the entire Army of North- A PERPLEXING ALTERNATIVE. 271 ern Virginia, Lee could suddenly hurl, by 'rail, a sufficient force upon Sheridan to utterly crush hirn. Again, the army-trains moving up and down the Valley from Martinsburg or Harper's Ferry oould not supply the army any farther up than Harrison burg. The conclusion of Sheridan was to let the Valley campaign end at Harrisonburg, withdraw down the Valley, destroy all forage, grain, etc., give up his command, and move the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps to the lines of Petersburg. Fortunate would it have proved for the redoubtable Early, had he cor dially oo-operated with Little Phil in oarrying out this plan. But he felt strong and confident again. He declares that he intended to fight the Union army at Harrisonburg, but that, on the morning of the 6th, he found it had left town. On the morning of Ootober 6, Sheridan stretched his oavalry across the entire Valley, from the Blue Ridge to the Allegha- nies, with orders to make of the entire country a barren waste ; no dwelling-house to be disturbed ; all loyal men to be paid for property destroyed. At the same time the whole army took up its maroh northward, down the Valley. The march was made by easy marches, very comfortably. The Ninth Conn., which reached the army at Harrisonburg, after its inaction during the battle of the Opequan, was ordered to nuiroh in the rear of the army. Early's oavalry followed at u safe distance until Woodstock was reached, where they be- oame aggressive, pushing Custer as far as Tom's Run, just south of Fisher's Hill. Here, on the 8th, Sheridan told Torbert to " go in " and whip the pursuers, and he would halt the infantry to see him do it. The Fourteenth will remember being halted, on the afternoon of the 9th, and formed in line to the left of the pike, facing up the Valley, and there waiting while a brisk fir ing was heard a little farther on. It was a neat tilt at Tom's Run ; and the Rebels ran, Sheridan's oavalry capturing every gun (eleven) but one, and every thing else on wheels, and chas ing the Johnnies back to Mount Jackson, a distance of twenty- six miles. ^Early's infantry was at Newmarket, having reached there on the 7th. 272 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. On the 10th the army marched to the celebrated position on Cedar Creek ; with the exception of the Sixth Corps, which deviated to the right, to Front Royal, on its way to join Grant's army. On the 12th that corps moved to the Ashby-Gap cross ing of the Shenandoah, intending to proceed via Washington. Early had learned of Sheridan's intention of sending away a portion of his force, and promptly moved back to his old posi tion on Fisher's Hill, arriving there on the 13th. The armies were very near each other. In consequence of Early's aggres siveness the Sixth Corps was recalled, and took position on the right of the Nineteenth. On the 13th Gen. Sheridan was called to Washington by Secretary Stanton, to engage in a consultation. On the 15th he started, taking Torbert's whole cavalry force with him to Front Royal, intending to make it active to the eastward dur ing his absence. When he arrived at Front Royal, on the night of the 16th, he received a despatch from Gen. Wright, who had been left in command of the army, enclosing another despatch read off from the Rebel signals on Three-Top Mountain. In this despatch Gen. Wright says he fears an attack only on his right, which may be turned by a strong force of cavalry. The following was the despatch sent by Longstreet to Early: — " Be ready to move as soon as my forces join you, and we will crush Sheridan." The latter abandoned his cavalry-raid, and sent the whole force back to Wright ; at the same time sending him the follow ing note : — " General, — The cavalry is all ordered back to you: make your position strong. If Longstreet's despatch is true, he is under the impression that we have largely detached. I will go over to Augur, and may get additional news. " Close iu Gen. Powell, who will be at this point. If the enemy should make an advance, I know you will defeat him. Look well to your ground, and be well prepared. Get up every thing that can be spared. I will- bring up all I can, and will be up on Tuesday, if not sooner." One important fact should be borne in mind : Gen. Powell was not " closed in." Sheridan's precautions were not fully BELLE GROVE. Sheridan's Headquarters. A SPLENDID PARADOX. 273 enforced. On the morning of the 17th Sheridan arrived in Washington. The same day at noon he started on his return via Martinsburg, reaching Winchester on the evening of the 18th. Early had made a reconnoissance quite near to the Union position on the 13th, and at the same time a small force of Union troops was reconnoitring. A collision ensued, with some smart Rebel battery practice, when a division of our army moved out ; but the Rebels rather got the best of it, and our force was withdrawn. There was a smart fight on hand for a while, with the strong prospect of a general engagement. BATTLE OP CEDAR CREEK. We now approach one of the most singular events of the whole war, the most remarkable struggle of modern times. In numerous other cases battles have apparently been lost, yet eventually won ; but where is there a parallel to Cedar Creek, or Belle Grove as Early terms it ? An army surprised in the night, beaten, routed, driven from the field, losing most of its cannon and all of its camp paraphernalia, many of its frightened fragments fleeing more than a dozen miles : yet on the same day, with a re-enforcement of only one man, fighting against more troops than whipped them in the morning, engaging in a stubborn contest, setting back the current of defeat, driving the victims pell-mell from the conquered field, turning their defeat into flight and an exultant Rebel host into a humiliated, uncontrollable herd of uniformed fugitives ; capturing all the enemy's guns, besides recapturing every gun of their own ; camping in the old lines at night ; finally scourging with the last terrible and irresistible besom of war the armies of rebellion forever from the fair Valley of the Shenandoah ? Such was the battle of Cedar Creek, in which our gallant Phil Sheridan won imperishable renown, and the Fourteenth Regiment bore a conspicuous and honorable part. And this is the way in which it happened : — Wright had posted all the cavalry on the right of the army, 274 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. and there Sheridan did not much fear an attack. About the 16th Early secured an accurate sketch of the Union camps, and also re-established his observation and signal station on the end of Massanutten Mountain, overlooking the Union lines. Ac cording to Early's account, he was forced by lack of subsistence to fight, or fall back, — the work of destruction was telling on the situation ; and so he determined to surprise Sheridan. He pretends to utter ignorance of Sheridan's absence, and that he gave orders on the morning of the attack to capture him if pos sible. The fact was, that the wily general knew exactly when Sheridan left for Winchester, but doubtless did not know exactly when he was to return. Probably he has, for eighteen years, wished that he had never come into possession of the latter bit of knowledge. Early started a surprise-party which has furnished him food for astonishing reflections ever since. As soon as Sheridan left camp, the Rebel commander began his preparations ; and it was a splendid piece of strategy, whoever originated it. The writer has been recently informed by ex-Rebel officers that the credit was not due to Early. Be that as it may, the strategy and the tactics were of a character which deserved success ; and, had they triumphed, they would have formed, perhaps, the most brilliant achievement of the war. Many reasons have been assigned for the failure of ulti mate triumph by the Rebel army; while the most important factor, next to the arrival of Sheridan, has been overlooked. The enemy left his trenches during the night of the 18th, advancing in four columns : Gordon, on the enemy's right, to attack in rear of our left ; Kershaw, to attack Crook in front ; Wharton, to form on Hupp's Hill for a front attack of the Nine teenth Corps ; Rosser, to proceed by the back road, and attack the cavalry on our right. The impression that the Rebel sur prise and attack was wholly made in rear of our left is erro neous. The first surprise was in front — of Crook's position. A second surprise followed when Gordon appeared in rear of the Union left. It must be conceded that Early " took time by the forelock ; " A FEW DISTANCES. 275 but precisely what hold he had of " time " just before he let go entirely, twenty hours later, he has never informed us. An intelligent study of the battle requires an appreciation of the distances involved in this remarkable piece of strategy. The distance from Sheridan's position on Cedar Creek to Early's on Fisher's Hill was five and one-third miles. Tho Union line from Crook on the left to Averill on the right extended three and three-fifths miles. From the breastworks of the Nine teenth Corps to the bridge where the pike crosses Cedar Creek was one thousand yards. Crook was one and one-sixth miles in advance of the left of the Nineteenth Corps, across the pike and extending almost a mile to the loft of it ; his second division being more than half a mile to the rear of this position, the first division only occupying the breastworks. Cordon marched nearly eight miles in reaching his position in our rear. When he was formed for the attack, he was one and one-sixth miles in the rear of tho Nineteenth Corps and fifteen hundred yards to the left of the piko. Kershaw formed on this side of Cedar Creek, just above its mouth, eight hundred and forty yards in front of Crook's breastworks. Hupp's Hill, where Wharton began the atta.ek with artillery upon tho Nineteenth Corps, was across the deep ravine through which (lowed Cedar Creek, a little over nine hundred yards distant. The Fourteenth, which was on tho right of the Nineteenth Corps in the frontline occu pying the breastworks, was nine hundred yards to the right of tho pike, and one thousand yards from the pike in the lel'L rear where Gordon swept across it in his early onset. .lust in the rear of the second division was tho first division of the Nine teenth Corps, forming a second line but with no intrenchments. The right of the Nineteenth Corps extended nearly to tho ravine through which ran Meadow Brook, six hundred yards to the right of the Fourteenth's position. Across that ravine, nine hundred yards distant, was the left of the Sixth Corps. In the Belle drove Mansion, six hundred and seventy-five yards to the right rear of tho Fourteenth Regiment's position, were the headquarters of Sheridan. Middletown was a little less than two miles from the position of tho Nineteenth Corps. , 276 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Probably no army turned into its blankets with a more per fect feeling of security than that which possessed Sheridan's troops on the night of October 18. There was the perfect confidence that Early had been so gloriously whipped that he would never dare attack the Union force then in the Valley, and that his only purpose was to maintain a strong defensive. It must be admitted that he " played it on the Yanks " that morning; but we always remember in that connection that "he laughs loudest who laughs last." Let us now steal into the hostile camp, and follow their move ments. The following is Early's account of the surprise, and, in the essential particulars, is perhaps as near accurate and truthful as Early was capable of being when writing the history of his defeats : — "Gordon was directed to cross over into the bend of the river imme diately after dark, and move to the foot of the mountain, where he would rest his troops, and move from there in time to cross the river again, and get in position at Cooley's house, in the enemy's rear, so as to make the attack at the designated hour; and he was instructed, in advancing to the attack, to move for a house on the west side of the valley pike called the ' Belle Grove House,' at which it was known that Sheridan's headquarters were located. . . . Rosser was ordered to move before day, in time to attack at five o'clock next morning, and to endeavor to surprise the enemy's cavalry in camp. Kershaw and Wharton were ordered to move at one o'clock in the morning towards Strasburg, under my personal superintendence; and the artillery was ordered to concentrate where the pike passed through the lines at fisher's Hill, and, at the hour appointed for the attack, to move at a gallop to Hupp's Hill, — the movement of the artillery being thus delayed for fear of attracting the attention of the enemy by the rumbling of the wheels over the macadamized road. Swords and canteens were directed to be left in camp, so as to make as little noise as possible. The division com manders were particularly admonished as to the necessity for promptness and energy in all their movements; and they were instructed to press the enemy with vigor after he was encountered, and to allow him no time to form, but to continue the pursuit until his forces should be completely routed. They were also admonished of the danger to be apprehended from a disposition to plunder the enemy's camps by their men, and they were enjoined to take every possible precaution against it . . . " At one o'clock on the morning of the 19th, Kershaw and Wharton moved, and I accompanied them. At Strasburg, Kershaw moved to the right on the road to Bowman's mill ; and Wharton moved along the pike EARLY'S STORY. 277 to Hupp's Hill, with instructions not to display his forces, but avoid the enemy's notice until the attack began, when he was to move forward, sup port the artillery when it came up, and send a force to get possession of the bridge on the pike over the creek. I accompanied Kershaw's division, and we got in sight of the enemy's fires at half-past three o'clock. The moon was now shining, and we could see the camps. The division was halted under cover to await the arrival of the proper time; and I pointed out to Kershaw and the commander of his leading brigade the enemy's position, and described the nature of the ground, and directed them how the attack was to be made and followed up. Kershaw was directed to cross his divis ion over the creek as quietly as possible, and to form it into column of brigades as he did so, and advance in that manner against the enemy's left breastwork, extending to the right or left as might be necessary. At half- past four he was ordered forward; and, a very short time after he started, the firing from Rosser on our left, and the picket-firing at the ford at which Gordon was crossing, were heard. Kershaw crossed the creek with out molestation, and formed his division as directed; and precisely at five o'clock his leading brigade, with little opposition, swept over the enemy's left work, capturing seven guns, which were at once turned on the enemy. As soon as this attack was made, I rode as rapidly as possible to the position on Hupp's Hill to which Wharton and the artillery had been ordered. I found the artillery just arriving, and a very heavy fire of musketry was now heard in the enemy's rear from Gordon's column. Wharton had advanced his skirmishers to the creek, capturing some prisoners; but the enemy still held the works on our left of the pike, commanding that road and the bridge, and opened with his artillery on us. Our artillery was immediately brought into action, and opened on the enemy; but he soon evacuated his works, and our men from the other columns rushed into them. Just then the sun rose, and Wharton's division and the artillery were immediately ordered forward. I rode in advance of them across the creek, and met Gen. Gordon on the opposite hill. Kershaw's division had swept along the enemy's works on the right of the pike, which were occupied by Crook's corps; and he and Gordon had united at the pike, and their divisions had pushed across it in pursuit of the enemy. The rear division of Gordon's column (Pegram's) was crossing the river at the time Kershaw's attack was made; and Gen. Gordon moved rapidly to Cooley's house, formed his troops, and advanced against the enemy with his own division on the left, under Brig.-Gen. Evans, and Ramseur's on the right, with Pegram's in the rear supporting them. There had been a delay of an hour at the river before crossing it, either from a miscalculation of time in the dark, or because the cavalry which was to precede his column had not gotten up; and the delay thus caused, for which no blame is to be attached to Gen. Gordon, enabled the enemy par tially to form his lines after the alarm produced by Kershaw's attack, and Gordon's attack, which was after light, was therefore met with greater obstinacy 278 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. by the enemy than it would otherwise have encountered, and the fighting had been severe. Gordon, however, pushed his attack with great energy; and fdie Nineteenth and Crook's corps were in complete rout, and their camps, with a number of pieces of artillery and a considerable quantity of small arms, abandoned." Early's vigilance, while almost marvellous, was not perfect. Some suspicions were aroused, but none at all of his real intent. Some unusual movement of Rebel troops was observed, but evidently Gen. Wright was not in the slightest degree alarmed. Enough was seen of the Rebel stir to warrant a reconnoissance, and the second division of the Nineteenth was to be ready to move at four o'clock in the morning. At a little after three o'clock on the morning of the battle, this division was quietly aroused ; and the men cooked their coffee and had breakfast. At half-past four the Fourteenth was standing in line under arms behind the breastworks. Capt. Ripley had just sent an officer to brigade headquarters to report that the Fourteenth was in line ready to move, when a scatter ing volley of musketry was heard away to the left, and appar ently somewhat to the rear, although it sounded far in the distance, yet quite distinct. To say it was a startling sound, is to feebly describe the effect upon the men. Still there was not the semblance of alarm. The first division was not awakened. The attention of the men, for the moment diverted, was again concentrated upon the impending reconnoissance, and the excite ment of the alarm was ceasing ; when, within about ten minutes from the first shots, another alarm, unmistakable, portentous, prolonged, sounded out the prophecy of disaster. The writer, happened to be looking toward the left and front at the moment when Kershaw's brigades dashed over the breast works into Crook's camp ; and he saw the first musket-flashes as the Rebel advance fired into the tents of the sleeping men. Crook's second division had fifteen minutes' warning, and made a brief show of resistance. Directly after the first volley there came, borne on the morn ing air, a faint Rebel yell ; and we knew that Early's host was upon us. Then, at the point of attack, there ensued an ominous silence, and there was a long pause. BIRGE TO THE FRONT. 279 In the Nineteenth Corps all was alarm, but no confusion; certainly none in the second division. The men were all under arms; but no one knew what to do, and the battalions stood motionless and expectant. There was no fog, but daylight had not fully come. No enemy appeared in sight, and the presence of Gordon in our rear was not suspected. The worst apprehension was, that Crook had been attacked. In about twenty minutes from the attack on Crook's camp, a battery of artillery opened upon the Nineteenth Corps from its front. It was Wharton on Hupp's Hill. Almost simultaneously our guns in the breastworks at the left of the Nineteenth Corps got to work as Early indicates. We were in a battle, the fight was warming up ; and yet the Nineteenth Corps could see no foe, and was unable to discover from what quarter to expect an attack. Just then Gen. Birge and staff rode rapidly to the front, a little to the left of the Fourteenth ; his errand being to discover an enemy, and to understand the situation. As he was riding up we saw one of Wharton's shells drop in the midst of his staff, almost under the general's horse, and explode. Strange it was that not an officer was killed by the explosion. There was then no development which would authorize our com mander — Gen. Birge was in command of the division that morning — to make any special disposition of the troops. The first division was up and in line. A fog was coming on. Then we heard a long volley in our rear, and a Rebel yell. The whole truth dawned upon us. We looked away across the pike in our rear, and there was a well-formed Rebel line advancing. We were squarely between two fires, artillery and musketry. The first division was formed facing to the rear as well as the confusion would permit. Capt. Fitts of the One Hundred and Fourteenth N. Y. thus describes the situation at that moment : — " The humming of bullets grew more and more frequent. Quarter master's and commissary's wagons were hurrying away ; many of them, in the ignorance of their drivers, directly toward the pike, to be captured. Staff-officers of the corps and division were dashing hither and thither, vainly striving to effect a union of the disunited regiments against the solid 280 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. front of the enemy. There was a continuance of dropping shots, with occa sionally a sharp volley; and an incessant stream of fugitives, with arms thrown away, rushed down past us from the pike, their faces expressing the wildest terror. . . . The hills on the right were peopled with a mass of blue- coated troops; and toward the left, beyond the stone mansion which had been Sheridan's headquarters, a line of our soldiers stretched out of sight into the fog. Two or three guns were in position, sending their shells screeching across the pike. But, above all the clamor and roar of our fire, rose the tremendous volleys and the terrific yells of the Rebels as they bore down upon us, nearer and nearer, until their bullets showered into our ranks, and the victims fell thickly about us." It was Gordon in our rear ; while Kershaw had gained the pike to his left, and Wharton had crossed the creek over the pike bridge, and was also in line to sweep along the flank of the Nineteenth Corps. Yet even then there was no confusion in the second division, save on the left. The Fourteenth stood quietly in line, being under the perfect control of its officers. The men were afraid, but manhood and discipline were quite equal to even that ter rible occasion. Shells were coming over in front, although those guns soon ceased firing, and bullets began to drop from the rear. Gordon was reaching us with his muskets. The first division was fighting gallantly, although with a disordered formation, and the enemy met an obstinate resistance. Capt. Fitts says, — " There was a fierce struggle over the crest of that hill, prolonged until the enemy's advance actually made prisoners from our left companies. A storm of balls swept the ground ; and the blazing of muskets through the fog, with the mingling of shouts, cheers, and groans, united in the awful demonism of battle. The dead and wounded dropped thickly from our ranks, and scores crawled and limped to the rear, smitten sorely with the leaden tempest. And still we flaunted our flag toward the enemy, and kept up a vigorous file fire." Col. Thomas's brigade of the first division had faced to the rear, and advanced across the pike to meet the enemy, and fought him there until completely overborne by weight of numbers. / The first division was melting away under the terrific on slaught, and the Fourteenth was under a heavy fire. It grew OVER THE BREASTWORKS. 281 so warm that Capt. Ripley ordered the regiment to the other side of the breastworks ; and over the men scrambled, and lay down. But the fight waxed hotter and hotter : the Rebel line was so rapidly outflanking us that if the regiment remained it must be captured entire. Under orders the Fourteenth went back over the breastworks to confront the oncoming foe, but was immediately driven from the spot ; and its formation was then lost as it retreated to the right. Different officers attempted to rally the men, and form a line to contest the ground, and always, so far as the writer observed, with success. Blodgett of Company F was killed in the camp, and Hayes, of the same company, soon after. Several others fell near by. The retreat of the regiment had proceeded but a few rods when Capt. Marston, who had just returned to the regiment, formed a line of all the men he could muster, facing to the left; and they remained until he was forced to order them back. " The Nineteenth Corps fought for an hour a stern, hopeless battle, against the crushing odds that were opposing it, till the dead and wounded were, in some regiments, as numerous as the living ; retiring only when it became evident that further de fence of that line was useless. As the regiments yielded the hills, and crossed the Run, the Rebel advance was within speak ing distance." But this resistance had told fearfully on even a victorious foe flushed with the elation of a great surprise. Every step the enemy gained, this side the pike, had been sharply contested and dearly won. Through fog, dismay, and confusion, the Nineteenth Corps had fought as well as men could in the midst of such dire ad versity, and had so crippled and broken the organization of the enemy that he was rendered incapable of finally pressing his advantage to permanent victory. What of the Sixth Corps during all this hour and a half? for the Rebels on their left did not reach Meadow Brook, and press upon the position of the Sixth Corps, until between six and seven o'clock. Surgeon G. T. Stevens of the Seventy-seventh 282 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. N. Y. has published a work entitled " Three Years in the Sixth Corps;" and, like other authors previously referred to, he has been led into serious,, as well as amusing, errors through a reli ance upon partial and imperfect data. In describing this battle he has mangled the facts as badly as many a tyro-surgeon mangled our poor boys on the amputating tables. This author tells us that some confusion toward the left aroused the mem bers of the Sixth Corps ; but they " turned over in their blankets, and went to sleep again." Soon after, flying and straggling members of the Eighth and Nineteenth Corps were observed pressing to the rear, and: firing was heard ; but the sight ap peared fairly ludicrous to those Sixth-Corps fellows who " turned over and went to sleep again." The fact is, some portions of the Sixth Corps on that morning " turned over in their blank ets " once too many times. To us in the Nineteenth Corps, it seems that the right of our army had time, if it had been improved, to have formed a better line, and to have more firmly stemmed the tide on our new left, — i.e., on the pike south of Middletown, — than they actually did. This surgeon-author speaks of "the Nineteenth Corps, beaten and discouraged." It was not beaten; for it had not had a chance to fight, except by piecemeal, in lumps, in half- battalions, and fragments of brigades : it was simply swept away on flank and rear. It was not discouraged : the sneaks and cowards ran ; but, in good pluck and without discouragement, the men rallied every time, at the word, whenever there was any spot or chance or order to rally. They were mad clear through, and quite bewildered ; but the Nineteenth Corps was not discouraged. A discouraged army does not whip its victors on the same day. Here are further effusions of the medical historian who was rolling in his blan kets while the Nineteenth Corps was fighting a howling foe on three sides in the darkness and the fog. "The hope of the nation now rested upon the Sixth Corps. . . . The officers of the Nineteenth were, with shouts and wild gesticulations, striv ing to collect their disordered commands, but with little suc cess." The author demonstrates his ignorance of the battle of DISCIPLINE OF THE FOURTEENTH. 283 Cedar Creek up to seven o'clock. Three times in the first half- mile of that dreadful retreat the writer was in a rallied line ; and, so far as he could observe, every man — in the Fourteenth, certainly — obeyed orders, and stood in the frail line till the enemy, pressing round our left and outflanking us, compelled the officers to order an abandonment of the position. Altogether too much has the Sixth Corps arrogated to itself the credit of doing the principal part of the fighting on that occasion. That Corps did well — after it got to doing any thing : it always fought splendidly ; yet few of its members can be trusted to write history — of themselves. Had the Nineteenth Corps not been dumped into that ravine; had there been one half-mile more of fighting ground for it before being crowded into Meadow Brook, the first formation of the Sixth Corps would never have been pushed back a rod. As it was, the Nineteenth Corps, surprised, bewildered, over whelmed, worried the Egyptian pursuing host so sorely that " their chariot-wheels drave heavily." Let us further consider the condition of the Fourteenth before it was entirely driven from the position it held in the beginning, behind the breastworks south of Meadow Brook. Not twenty rods from its camp a portion of it was halted, as we have seen, by Capt. Marston, who acted with great coolness. In retreat ing, most of the fugitives made for the pike, or Sheridan's head quarters, in order to retreat with most celerity, and also to avoid the ravine of Meadow Brook. Some bore to the left toward Cedar Creek, and crossed the Run farther down. Color- Sergt. Howard pursued this course, accompanied only by one of his guard. The State color-bearer, from some cause, abandoned his flag in the brush near the Run, where it was afterward found. The sun was rising : the Fourteenth had not left its place at the breastworks, but had stood helpless, exposed, yet in un broken line, until the artillery was captured on the very left of our own brigade: but now it was forced across the Run, and, as the colors went up on one side, the Rebels occupied the crest of the other ; and it was hot work there. 284 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Most of the regiment had borne farther toward headquarters, in retreating; but just beyond the Run, on the high ground, near some stacks of grain and piles of rails, Capt. Ripley rallied a good squad of the Fourteenth round its colors, and for ten minutes a smart fire was maintained ; but the ground became untenable, and the men were ordered to fall back. Sergt. Howard did not start back at once, and his single guard stuck by him. When he did go, there was nothing nearer to the enemy than the colors of the Fourteenth. It was a bright target, and the balls were sent in very lively. One of them disabled the color-guard, passing through his shoulder. " They've got me, Charley ! " " Have they got you bad ? " " No, I guess not." " Come along, then ! " and he never slackened his pace. It was no time for sentiment or sympathy. " ' By the gods, this is terrible, awful ! ' an officer near me ex claimed. ' Driven from our camps, beaten, dispersed, — I can hardly realize it. We shall be at Harper's Ferry before night.' " And, in truth, it seemed much like it. Even the brigades which pretended to maintain an organization were setting back to the rear as steadily as an ebb-tide ; while the host of strag glers, an army by themselves, continually increased. Occasion ally I heard the sharp tones of some general or field-officer, using language like this : — " ' Halt, men : face about and make a stand ! ' " ' By , this is dreadful ! Do you mean to be whipped so soon? — you, the victors of Winchester and Fisher's Hill! ' " ' Give it to them ! ' " ' Fire by file : fire ! ' " The clattering of musket-shots would succeed, as a portion of the wavering line vainly essayed to hold its ground; and then, as the regiment found itself alone, exposed to the de vouring shot and shell from the front, and the clouds of bul lets steadily pouring in from the left, where Kershaw pressed forward his victorious columns, it was compelled to yield again and again." A DOUBTFUL MOMENT. 285 Near the point where Capt. Ripley rallied a line as above mentioned, he was captured ; and, although he was exchanged soon afterward, he never served again in the regiment. Less than a third of a mile back from the Run, and near the camp of the Sixth Corps, another halt was made ; and the only colors in the first brigade were those of the Fourteenth. General Birge gave the order to " rally on the colors of the Fourteenth ! " While holding this position, a large number of the Fourteenth were wounded. But again and again the enemy, over-lapping our flank, made every position taken a useless one. Early held the key to the position, — the pike, — and the Union army must retreat far enough to shake off that grip. Farther back there were woods. The army could not stop short of them. The Sixth Corps did its best ; and Early admits that our position on a ridge west of Middletown — Cemetery Hill — was so strong that " Wharton's division was driven back in confusion " from an attack. It seemed a critical time for the enemy ; but the Rebel Col. Carter concentrated eighteen or twenty guns on the Union posi tion, which enabled the Rebel infantry again to advance. We do not credit the statements that the advance of Early was seriously hindered by the plundering propensities of his troops. There is evidence that not Union stores, but Union fighting, impeded the Rebel hero's march to triumph ; although he did ride through the captured Union camps, swinging his hat in a frenzy of joy. After the capture of Capt. Ripley, Capt. Marston took com mand of the Fourteenth. The position held by the first brigade, when it rallied on the colors of the Fourteenth, was fifteen hundred yards from the camp ; while, at nine o'clock, the second division of the Nine teenth Corps had retreated two and three-quarters miles, with the first division one-quarter of a mile still farther back. The relative corps positions were reversed, the Nineteenth being on the right as it faced the enemy. For some reason Gen. Wright ordered the Nineteenth Corps 286 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. still farther back : in fact, after nine o'clock the retreat of the Nineteenth Corps was in obedience to orders, and not because it was at all pressed by the enemy ; although there was consid erable sharp firing until nearly eleven o'clock. There seems to be no good reason for the retirement of the Nineteenth so far. The Sixth Corps at nine o'clock was well posted, and repulsed the enemy as we have seen ; occupying the heights one thousand yards north-west of Middletown, and one and three-quarters miles from the camps of the Nineteenth Corps. It was somewhat after eleven o'clock that Sheridan arrived on the field. The army was ignorant of his absence, and the announcement of his return had a double effect: it explained the disaster, and inspired the troops with unbounded enthusiasm. The men then knew that Little Phil had nothing to do with the disaster, and they believed that his presence would have entirely averted it. The Nineteenth Corps continued its retreat until noon ; and then, by order of Gen. Sheridan, the column was halted, and it moved back not another rod. The Fourteenth Regiment had retreated almost exactly four miles, and was then one and three-quarters miles from the Win chester pike, and two and a half miles north of Middletown. Here the men rested for nearly an hour ; when an advance was ordered to complete the formation of the new line of battle, the Sixth Corps not having fallen back so far. The Nineteenth advanced in two lines, Grover's division in front, and moved toward the enemy four-fifths of a mile, work ing considerably to the left in the movement ; the left guiding on the back road to Winchester, and which there ran north and south. This line was held from one o'clock to four, the first division being deployed, and holding the right of the line ; the second division on its left, about one and one-third mile from the pike ; the Sixth Corps extending to the pike ; while Crook was left of the pike, and half a mile to the rear. Custer was one-half mile to the right of the Nineteenth, and other bodies of our cavalry were posted on the left. SHERIDAN ARRIVES. 287 The enemy's front line was within one thousand yards of Sheridan's new line, and remained so until four o'clock ; while the Rebel batteries were strongly posted in an apple-orchard and at other points in the northern portion of the village of Middletown. It is impossible to depict the wild enthusiasm aroused by Sheridan's appearance. We had passed the dread stage of Clan Alpine's lament, — " Where, where was Roderick then ? One blast upon his bugle-horn Were worth a thousand men." Our Roderick was there: his personal power was greater than that of the proudest chieftain of a Scottish clan, and his words of cheer and grandeur of command were worth ten thou sand men on the field of Cedar Creek. He rode along the line : tempests of applause proved his presence, and throughout the Union lines the Rebel success was an eliminated factor in the problem of the day. Imagination is inadequate to picture the strange, the dra matic situation of the two armies from one to four o'clock. Nor did the living actors in the wondrous drama realize it much more than the civilian reader of this story. Indeed, it had ceased to be a drama or a battle in the Union lines for the hour ; and the tired men lay down, ate, rested, chatted, knowing that the tug of war was in the stretch of daylight yet remaining, and over the broken country so recently and so disastrously traversed: yet no trouble was borrowed out of the next hour to disturb the serenity of the present. The victors had probably not conceived of themselves as the worst-vanquished host of the whole war; nor did the beaten troops, driven like sheep in the morning, consider themselves as the heroic champions of a field magnificent both as a disaster and a triumph. There was nothing of bravado in this indifference of the Union soldier : it was simply a cool realization of the peril, and a manly acceptance of it as something unavoidable. 288 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. A further Rebel advance was expected, and it was anticipated as likely to be very determined. The enemy had kept up an uninterrupted artillery fire, and soon after two o'clock Early's infantry line advanced. The first division only slightly felt the onset, but Grover's division was more fiercely assailed, and took the brunt of the attack. Early gives this account of the at tempted advance : — " After he was driven from his second position, the enemy had taken a new position about two miles north of Middletown ; and as soon as I had regulated matters on the right, so as to prevent his cavalry from getting in rear of that flank, I rode to the left for the purpose of ordering an advance. I found Ramseur and Kershaw in line with Pegram, but Gordon had not come up. In a short time, however, I found him coming up from the rear ; and I ordered him to take position on Kershaw's left, and advance for the purpose of driving the enemy from his new position ; Kershaw and Ramseur being ordered to advance at the same time. As the enemy's cavalry on our left was very strong, and had the benefit of an open country to the rear of that flank, a repulse at this time would have been disastrous ; and I therefore directed Gen. Gordon, if he found the enemy's line too strong to attack with success, not to make the assault. The advance was made for some distance, when Gordon's skirmishers came back reporting a line of battle in front be hind breastworks, and Gen. Gordon did not make the attack. It was now apparent that it would not do to press my troops further." He did make the attack, or attempted to make it, and was repulsed by Grover's division. It was while lying down here that Otis P. Kreatzer of Com pany B lifted his head a trifle above the temporary breastworks, when he was killed by a cannon-ball. He was not touched by the shot, the concussion proving fatal. Sheridan took plenty of time to get ready. At four o'clock his mill was all ready ; and the grist which Early had brought so early in the day, although a little late in getting into the Union hopper, was to be ground " exceeding fine." An aide of Gen. Sheridan rode up ; and then the order ran along the line, " Forward the Nineteenth Corps ! " " Forward second division ! " " Forward Fourteenth New Hampshire ! " Here again the Nineteenth Corps was to take the brunt of the conflict ; and the second division was in the very hottest of the THE TIDE SET BACK. 289 terrible storm of shot, shell, and bullets. Major Gould, in his history of the Twenty-ninth Me., naturally claims for his bri gade — the first of the first division — the chief glory in this decisive advance. This author, while more candid and accurate than most others, has not done justice to Grover's division nor to Birge's brigade. The Eighth Vt. and One Hundred and Fifty-third N. Y., who were posted to the right of the first brigade, first division, suf fered perhaps more than the second division troops : but Birge's brigacft, in the face of a> withering fire, while recoiling for a moment, fully kept up its portion of the advancing line ; and when our gallant Color-Sergt. Howard waved his flag, and started toward the stone wall behind which frowned the Rebel line, the Fourteenth gathered itself, and, with the irresistible impetuosity which it showed at Opequan, it swept on, never again to hesitate. There was a shrinking, a hesitancy, when the Union advance met the stubborn Rebel resistance. It was a critical moment ; but the Nineteenth Corps put into the concrete of success the plan and expectation of its master, Sheridan. Previous to the onward movement, the available force was considerably augmented by the return to the ranks of many who had been exceedingly intent upon going to the rear after the surprise of the morning. Major Gould, in the volume previously referred to, makes an ingenious calculation, from which he concludes that Sheridan had but six thousand infantry actually in line when he reversed the fortunes of the day. It is a popular delusion that the cavalry initiated the rout of the enemy. The cavalry only finished a job which the infantry alone had begun. The temporary confusion on the right of the line was caused by the Rebel left overlapping the Union right, so that Evans's brigade — the same which Birge's brigade and the Fourteenth encountered at Opequan — turned our flank; but McMillan's brigade of the first division wheeled to the right, and by a bril liant counter-charge cut off the Rebel brigade from the rest of 290 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. the enemy's line, and sent it scampering away across Cedar Creek to our right, broken and useless. Early attributes the loss of the day to this rout of Evans's brigade, as the rest of Gordon's men ran when they saw the fate of their comrades ; but it is not so. The divisions of Gor don, Kershaw, and Ramseur were splendidly fought by the Nineteenth Corps ; and it was only after a most stubborn resist ance that the enemy was forced from behind its stone-wall intrenchments. To the left of the Nineteenth Corps were Rickett's, Whea- ton's, and Getty's third, first, and second divisions of the Sixth Corps in the order named. Their advance was later and not so rapid, as the Rebel positions in the orchards and behind the walls at the northern edge of Middletown were well defended to the last possible moment by Pegram and Wharton. On the Rebel left, Ramseur was mortally wounded while tem porarily checking the Union advance, west of Middletown, with some of his troops who were not panic-stricken. At this stage of the battle Custer charged with his whole division of cavalry, the infantry having first turned the tide of conflict. Pegram and Wharton abandoned Middletown. Every thing on legs was getting into a dead run ; and both armies were full bent toward the pike crossing of Cedar Creek, neither Sheridan's nor Early's troops much regarding order: the one in a gallop of fun and boundless hilarity ; the other panic- stricken, scattered, " thrashed out of their boots," and covered with the shame of a most humiliating contrast between the boasts of the morning and the ruin of the evening. For three miles, or to their old camps, the infantry of the Nineteenth Corps pursued the enemy; while the cavalry was the great agency in finishing the work, running the enemy away into the night, and constantly bringing in rich trophies of the victory. The Rebel infantry, cavalry, artillery, ammunition and bag gage wagons, ambulances, and what of the Union camp valua bles they had succeeded in making off with, were tangled in an indescribable jam at the Cedar-Creek crossing; and it was there ROUT OF EARLY. 291 that the great Union harvest was gathered in, although property and prisoners were taken all along to Fisher's Hill. In the last part of the afternoon there was some confusion of mind among the artillerists of the Sixth Corps ; as they fired several rounds into their own comrades of the Nineteenth, mis taking them for the enemy. During the final charge Sheridan was mounted on a small gray horse, and wore a private's overcoat as he rode from point to point, exhorting his men to press the foe, and not succumb to the withering fire. That was an anxious moment for Little Phil, and magnificently did the men respond to his appeals. We believe that not another man in America could have got that victory out of that army. The men did noble work, and they knew that Sheridan was organizing and directing them splendidly. In the last charge, in the last moments of Rebel resistance, Sergt.-Major J. Henry Jenks was killed, — the last man who fell in battle in the Fourteenth. There has been no attempt in this volume to mete out the praise so justly due to a great number of the Fourteenth ; but there is one man, modest, but brave and true as any man could be, whom we cannot neglect to mention. Among all the proud memories of that day at Cedar Creek, let the heroism of Charles G. Howard, the gallant color-bearer of the regiment, be ever cherished by his companions in arms. He contributed largely to the glory of the day, and his bravery was conspicuous at a critical moment in the field. The part which the Fourteenth bore in the battle is perhaps best shown by the official report of the killed and wounded. This regiment lost more men in killed than any other regi ment in the brigade, and nearly twice as many as any other except the Twelfth Me. In wounded, the Fourteenth lost more than any other regiment; nearly three times as many as any other save the Fourteenth Me., and more than one-third of all the wounded in the brigade of six regiments. There were but eighteen members of the regiment missing that night, a fact which speaks emphatically for its discipline. 292 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. "Cozzens," the character of the regiment, the butt of the whole line, the hero of one of the most remarkable military funerals on record, — let Cozzens not be forgotten in the annals of Cedar Creek. He redeemed himself. When the fire was hottest, when the fortunes of the day trembled in the balance, Cozzens was sent to supply the skirmish-line with ammunition. Coolly, bravely, faithfully, did he perform his whole duty ; and on that field he filled the uniform of a soldier and a man. The Fourteenth slept in its old camp that night. Sheridan had grandly kept his word. The first division went on picket beyond Strasburg. During the night the wounded suffered fearfully, and the Rebel citizens engaged in shameful plundering. Even the Rebel women, living in the vicinity, wandered over the field, robbing the helpless Union soldiers ; in several cases going so far as to strip from the groaning victims their trowsers and drawers. The atrocities of that night were worthy of Arabi Pacha. The next morning there were parked, in front of Sheridan's headquarters, fifty cannon which were captured after five o'clock on the evening of the battle. The boys thronged up to inspect the booty. Unparalleled transformation ! The Union army rested on its peculiar yet magnificent laurels, and wondered long and exulted over the whole serio-comic drama. Early thus sums up, in his unique fashion, the situation on his side : — ' ' This was the case of a glorious victory given up by my own troops after they had won it ; and it is to be accounted for on the ground of the partial demoralization caused by the plunder of the enemy's camps, and from the fact that the men undertook to judge for themselves when it was proper to retire. Had they but waited, the mischief on the left would have been remedied. I have never been able to satisfy myself that the enemy's attack in the afternoon was not a demonstration to cover his retreat during the night. It certainly was not a vigorous one." Silence is the fitting comment upon such arrant nonsense. *m/eTYP£ pre CO. BosroM LIEUT. HOLMES'S STORY. 293 ANOTHER ACCOUNT. The following sketch of the battle was written by Lieut.' M. M. Holmes, of Company H. The regiment was partly in line, just at the dawn of that hazy Indian-summer day, when on the extreme left, in front of Crook's corps, was heard the ominous rattle of musketry, sharp and distinct at first, and increasing in force and volume until it became a continuous roar, mingled soon with the booming of cannon. Our division was in two lines; our brigade was in the front line, on a ridge facing, and at some little distance from, Cedar Creek. Our breastworks (that is, in front of the Four teenth Regiment) were on the slope of this ridge fronting Cedar Creek ; so that the company quarters were on a little higher ground, and the tents of the field and staff were on the top of the ridge, which then sloped to a small ravine or depres sion, rising to another little ridge a half-mile or so beyond, on which lay the second brigade, forming the second line. We were ordered to lie in our intrenchments to repel an expected attack in front. The Eighth Corps, completely surprised, was driven from its position in confusion, and was forced to the right upon the Nineteenth Corps. Our second brigade changed front, and offered a most stubborn and determined resistance to the Rebel advance. The battery at the left of our brigade was captured, and soon — probably an hour after the first volley — the bullets came whistling over our heads from the rear and left rear. On account of the ridge before referred to, but little damage was done ; though the boys had to hug the breastworks, or rather lie in the ditch behind them, pretty closely. We lay in the intrenchments until we were completely flanked in the rear, and the regimental headquarters captured ; when the order was given to retreat by the right flank, which was done in good order, though the Rebel flank was abreast of, and less than a dozen rods from us. The Rebel line halted at a sutler's tent (which was newly supplied the night before), and even the color-bearers went in to help clean it out. That was one case, 294 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. certainly, where the sutler was of great benefit. Capt. Ripley tried to rally the regiment at some lateral breastworks on the right of our brigade ; but the Rebels were pressing too closely, and no effectual stand was made until we came to some breast works on the ridge, next to the ravine by the mill. Here a halt was made, and the Rebel advance stopped ; but in the mean time the second brigade had been crushed, and the Rebels again overlapped our flank, when Capt. Ripley gave the order to re treat and form on the next ridge. The ravine into which we then retreated was heavily wooded, or, perhaps more properly, was full of small trees and under brush ; and the regiment got badly scattered. It was here, or at the mill beyond, that Ripley and many others were captured. Some went to the right of the mill, and some to the left, and some tried to make a stand at the mill. This was about eight o'clock. The next stand was made on a ridge some distance in the rear, — that is, by the colors and a part of the regiment. The remainder were scattered, and many fought in other parts of the line. The color-bearers were Charles G. Howard of Company F, and Charles F. Heath of Company H. They never flinched under the hottest fire, and deserve special mention. Here we fought nearly an hour. The Rebels were on the ridge beyond, and kept firing all the time, but made no attempt to charge. Here many were wounded, but none killed. It was a good place in which to test .a man's courage; for we were on the slope of the ridge facing the Rebels, and without any pro tection whatever. Here occurred an incident whueih is as vivid to me now as then. Corpl. Amos C. Bailey of Company H, as brave a man as ever wore the blue, during the hottest of the fire was on one knee loading his gun. I was standing two or three steps behind him. A Minie"-ball struck him in the left shoulder. He turned to me as coolly as though nothing had happened, and, pointing to the hole in his shoulder, said, "See that!" I said," Bailey, you'd better go to the rear ; " but he replied, ¦" I guess I can fire a while longer." But he soon lost the use of his arm, and started for the rear, taking his gun with him. He has suffered A GENERAL ON A MULE. 295 a dozen deaths from the wound, and been insane much of the time, but, I understand, is better now. Sergt. Parker was sent to report the exposed condition of a portion of the Fourteenth Regiment, and found Gen. Birge, hatless, sitting on an army-mule without a bridle. Saluting his superior officer, the sergeant said, " Lieut. Holmes of the Fourteenth New Hampshire sends his compliments, and says the men are nearly out of ammunition, and the Rebels are flanking on the left." Gen. Birge replied that he would see to it ; but we were soon outflanked, and obliged to retreat, which we did in good order. The next stand was made some distance in the rear, where we were joined by others of the regiment. We were under fire most of the time till about eleven o'clock ; but the firing was at long range, and the Rebels did not press us very hard. They were too much occupied in gutting the sutlers' tents and pillaging the camps. There were several things that helped to " save the day " at Cedar Creek. The brilliant victory of the afternoon was due to Sheridan and the valor of the troops. B ut if Early had pursued his victory of the morning with the same vigor that he started with, nothing could have saved the army. The first obstacle the Rebels met was our second brigade ; and its deter mined resistance gave our own brigade a chance to retreat, and the first division and the Sixth Corps time to form. But another important factor was the sutlers. The night before, a long train of sutlers' wagons arrived. The Rebel line halted at the sutlers' tents, and it did not advance till the goods were cleaned out. Thus from a little after nine o'clock till one, the Rebels de voted more energy to pillaging the camps than to following up their victory; giving Sheridan time to re-form the lines, and repel their charge in the afternoon. So far as friends have responded) to. the author's invitation, we present obituary notices of the killed and mortally wounded. As in the list of the killed at Ofequan, so here, there are many 296 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. who are not mentioned. For this incompleteness neither tho author, nor the committee as a, whole, can be hold responsible. In the case of some whose names do appear, more extended notices would have been given had tho facts been supplied. CORPL. C. A,. PEELER. Charles A. Peeler was born in Vernon, Vt., February 17, 1839, and lived there until the summer of 1861 ; when ho mar ried Miss Laura B. Smith, and removed to Hinsdale. He was there employed in the woollen-mill until his enlistment, August 14, 1862, in Company A. July 1, 1864, ho was promoted to a corporalcy. Being mortally wounded, ho died at Newtown, Va., October 22, and was there buried. He loft no children. His widow remarried, and is now the wife of Mr. Charles Dicker- man. CORPL. L. D. LEARNED. Lewis D. Learned was born in Dublin, September 11, 1841. Ho was a farmer, and resided in his native town at the time of his enlistment as a private in Company 0, at the age of twenty- one. He was promoted to corporal,' October 1, 1864. His death was caused by a Minio'-ball passing through the left breast. He was unmarried, and is buried in Dublin. A fow months after Corporal Learned's death, a sister residing in Dublin received a letter containing hor own picture, which a Rebel prisoner had taken from the body of young Learned just after the battle. CORPL. T. A. HAWKINS. Thomas A. Hawkins was born in Conway, February 10, 1836. He was by occupation a farmer, unmarried, and resided in Dummer, N.H. A young man of good habits, always prompt and faithful in the performance of his duties as a soldier, he won and retained the respect and confidence of those who knew him. He enlisted in Company E ; and was promoted to the rank of corporal, February 27, 1864. He was shot through the head, his body rifled of a largo sum of money and a valuable THE KILLED. 297 watch, and left on tho spot where ho had fallen. Ho was buried in Winchester. CORPL. S. P. HOLT. Samuel l\ Holt was born in Wilton, Soptombor 9, 184-1, and was brought up as a farmer, insisting his father in Dublin, and getting his education in tho schools of Wilton, Pepperell, and Oublio. lie was one of the youngest members of Com pany A 5 was appointed corporal, July 1, 1864 ; and died from wounds in Now ton Hospital, Winchester, October 24. Corpl.* Holt was unmarried. Ho wiw buried in Winchester. 0, A. CARTER. Charles A. Carter, son of Luke and Lucy M. Carter, was born in JafiVoy, January 6)1843. Ho was on© of a family of eight children, four of whom aro now living. Charles Carter was a farmer and mechanic, previous to his enlistment in Com pany G. Ho was not married. He was killed by a bullet striking him on the temple, and was buried on the field. Below appear some of the congratulatory despatches, etc., which followed this brilliant and overwhelming victory . Tho following letter to Sheridan was sent by President Lincoln : — " With j»wat ploasuw T tondov to you a«d your braw army tho thanks of ih« nation, and my own personal admiration and gratitude, fe* tho month's oporationa in tho ^honandoah Yauoy, a»d espooialiy for tho sploudid wwk of Ootobor ti>, 1^4." The following despatch was sent from Grant to Stanton : — " I had a, saints of ono hundred guns, ir&m oaeh of tho armies how, fir^l in honor of ^horidan's last viotwy. Turning what had Md Mr to bo a dis aster into glorious vtetery atanxpa Bhsridan, what 1 haw always thought Wm, ono oC tho ablest «f pasrate." From Sherman to Halleek: — " Wo haw heartl of Q«». Sheridan's victory at Cedar Crwk. Wo ea»*t 298 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. :afford to burn gunpowder; but our men can make up in yelling, which is just as good.", The following is a joint resolution of the Senate and House of Representatives : — ' ' Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa 'ioes of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That the thanks of Congress are Jiereby tendered to Major-Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, and to the officers and men under his command, for the gallantry, military skill, and courage dis played in the brilliant series of victories achieved by them in the Valley of "the Shenandoah, and especially for their services at Cedar Run on the nine- "teenth day of October, eighteen hundred and sixty-four, -which retrieved the fortunes of the day and thus averted a great disaster. " And be it farther resolved, That the President of the United States be, and hereby is, requested to communicate this resolution to Major-Gen. Sheridan, and through him to the officers and soldiers under his command." No account of Cedar Creek would be complete without that famous versification of T. Buchanan Read upon the most con spicuous act of the strange drama : — SHERIDAN'S RIDE. Up from the South at break of day, Bringing to Winchester fresh dismay, The affrighted air with a shudder bore, Like a herald in haste, to the chieftainrs door, The terrible grumble, and rumble, and roar, Telling the battle was on once more, And Sheridan twenty miles away. And wider still those billows of war Thundered along the horizon's bar; And louder yet into Winchester rolled< The roar of that red sea uncontrolled, Making the blood of the listener cold,. As he thought of the stake in that fiery fray, And Sheridan twenty miles away. But there is a road from Winchester town, A good broad highway leading down ; And there, through the flush of the morning light, A steed as black as the steeds of night Was seen to pass, as with, eagle flight* "SHERIDAN'S RIDE." 299 As if he knew the terrible need, He stretched away with his utmost speed: Hills rose and fell; but his heart was gay, With Sheridan fifteen miles away. Still sprung from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust, like smoke from the cannon's mouth ; Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster. The heart of the steed, and the heart of the master, Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls : Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away. Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying-before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire. Eut lo! he is Hearing his heart's desire: He is snuffing the smoke of the roaring fray, With Sheridan only five miles away. The first that the general saw were the groups Of stragglers, and then the retreating troops. What was done "? what to do ? A glance told him both, Then striking his spurs, with a terrible oath, He dashed down the line, 'mid a storm of huzzas, And the wave of retreat checked its course there, because The sight of the master compelled it to pause. With foam and with dust the black charger was gray ; By the flash of his eye, and the red nostril's play, He seemed to the whole great army to say, -" I have brought you Sheridan all the way From Winchester, down to save the day! " Hnrrah! horraih for Sheridan! Hurrah ! hurrah for horse and man ! And when their statues are placed on high, Under the dome ©f the Union sky, — The American soldiers' Temple of Fame, — There, with the glorious general's name, 300 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Be it said, in letters both bold and bright, " Here is the steed that saved the day, By carrying Sheridan into the fight, From Winchester, twenty miles away! " MUSIC IN THE ARMY. The healthy soldier, when at leisure, turned instinctively to his song. In his repertoire were to be found martial, patriotic, sentimental, and lighter music. The drum-corps was limited strictly to the first class mentioned. The band, with every available voice in the regiment, formed the orchestra and grand chorus for the rendition of nearly every variety. A curious comparison might be drawn between the songs of a standing monarchical army and those of the volunteer forces of a repub lic in a war like that of the Great Rebellion. Surely from our boys in blue there was heard the grandest outburst of strains tender and strong, loyal to country and home, that ever swelled on the breeze of any campaign or conflict. A comprehensive treatment of this topic, in its relation to the Civil War, would, of itself, fill a large and entertaining volume. The bugle-call at reveille, on the skirmish-line, or guiding the brilliant evolutions of squadron and battery, is still echoing in veteran ears throughout the North. The airs of cornet and fife linger still about many a farm, shop, store, and office, welcome reminiscences of times and experiences never to be forgotten. In subordinate military music the different " calls " formed an important and perpetual element. Doubtless the disgruntled or worn-out soldier would question the rapturous melody of the tantalizing drum sounding the call for another detail to appear in front of the adjutant's quarters. But in spite of all unpleas ant suggestions, it was true that much of the genuine romance of camp-life was associated with the routine " calls." There are no more exhilarating bounds from the rest of night into the duties of day, no finer inspiration thrilling the entire nervous system of a vigorous man, than the first burst, crash, and roll of reveille when a crack drum-corps with melodious shrill fife rallies upon the color-line, and rouses an entire regiment as by A MEDLEY IN MUSIC. 301 an electrical shock. On a bright morning, or in the midst of storm and bluster, nothing so fittingly ushers in the day and stirs to activity as the reveille in a military camp. It is incom parably better than five glasses at Congress Spa before break fast. The effect is intensified when, in a great army stretching out for miles, a single bugle-note gives the signal, and then, as by magic, from every direction break out and roll on in one mass of accelerating sound the roll of drums, the screech of fifes, and the blare of artillery and cavalry bugles. Where is the human being who can compete with an accomplished trum peter in waking the music out of a crisp morning atmosphere? The breakfast-call, thirty minutes later, was more suggestive of slab bacon than of ,Tstheticisrn ; but the accompaniment of tin plates, quart cups, and iron spoons was perfectly attuned to the stomaoh's sentiment. Then at eight-thirty came the sick- call ; and the mournful, ludicrous procession gathered from each company converged at the surgeon's quarters. There was seen the faithful soldier who had fought off disease, and stood at his post until nature, in a good physique, had quite succumbed. Had his comrades but known that the final collapse was near at hand, that their beloved fellow-soldier was marching out of the company street for the last time, that sick-call would have sounded as a dirge, and tender would have been the greetings as he went to hospital and death. Beside him fell in the man who was not sick but discouraged. Next to him was the tricky fellow who simply wanted a furlough, and intended to " play off" just enough to secure it. But in that procession were always to be found the chronic " dead-beats," — the most contemptible vermin that ever infest ed our grand army; the worst rubbish that could encumber ambulance, hospital, or barracks. They deliberately cheated the government, the cause, and everybody concerned. They were selfish animals, lazy scamps, and arrant cowards. They shifted every burden of duty on to their overworked comrades, and day after day limped to the tune of the surgeon's call, pos ing shamelessly before a whole camp in a transparent sham, stripping themselves to an unconscionable littleness in order to 302 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. get home at any price, there to perpetuate the sham in order to defraud the government out of a pension, or perhaps to get well marvellously, and perpetrate a second and even a third round of deception and rascality, in another regiment. And this was done by men who pretended to something of respectability at home. Rheumatism was the favorite dodge ; and the victims became not too helpless, but just helpless enough. The surgeons well knew they were shamming, but it was difficult to demon strate the fact ; and finally a discharge was granted, simply to abate a nuisance. There was a great deal of peculiar music in the surgeon's call. The calls and marches accompanying guard-mounting at nine o'clock recur to the veteran's mind suggestive of a pleasant parade. A good drummer had the fullest opportunity for dis playing his skill while playing the detail to the guard-house, when the band had ceased its escort, the review before the officer of the day being passed, and the parade dismissed. There, too, the dummy musician — who enlisted for a drummer, but who never would know a roll from a drag if he rattled the sticks to all eternity — on those occasions passed a good examina tion for promotion to the ranks. Limiting this treatise, for the moment, to the Fourteenth Regiment, does not that wonderful drumming at the dinner-call touch a tender chord of memory ? We recall the pleasant face of our favorite old drummer, Sanborn, beating the long roll as no one else could beat it, his arms playing all about him like forked lightning, his drumsticks rattling down upon the doomed head like half a dozen magnifi cent hailstorms, each combination of sounds welling up and flying off like distinct peals of thunder with no room for rever beration between the claps. That genial old drummer, gone to his rest, never dreamed of the stir he made in the bosoms of his comrades. His dinner-call is sounding still. Every call, march, and air of drum-corps and band entered into the very life of a regiment, and was valued beyond the power of a civilian to appreciate. The evening calls of supper, tattoo, and taps, were full of music and meaning, and each TATTOO AND TAPS. 808 breathed forth itH own suggestions. A military enmp nt tin© hour of tattoo was a study ; gamos, lottor-writing, reading, mending, lounging on bunlcH, Htory-tolling, pondering on objects. far away but near to tho soldier's heart — those were intruded upon by tho ra-a-a-at-tat-tat-tat of tho drum-major, in his pre liminary llouriHb, rw ho initiated tlio stereotyped measures of the bed-tiino concert. A little imagination reproduces the cir cumstances, tho familiar faces, all the aoeossorios and inoidents, oven to the oddities, hilarity, and ban tor whioh relieved tho sober tedium of camp monotony, and the painful strain of expos ure and danger. Tho tattoo-calls seemed to wake a thousand memories, only to soothe and lull to rest. It was a master spirit that invented tattoo. Dut taps were hopelessly incongruous. Thoy were always either too late or too early. If tho sergeant of the guard, who perambulated every company street immediately after taps, commanding " Lights out ! " would but gather up the comments which were occasionally hurled after him, ho could present tho public with a most remarkable and startling collection of ojacu- latory literature. It often occurred that said executor of taps- law was not more than three tents away before candles were lighted again, and penny-ante progressed, necessitating another tour of the camp by tho irate sergeant. And something else sometimes happonod, for the audacious gamester exchanged his fun for a night in tho guard-house. Tho acme of musical demonstration was reached in tho dress- parade, and it was never determined whether a crack drum- corps or ft fine band appeared to best advantage on those occasions. For martial music, purely, a drum-corps stands, par emellence) unrivalled; while a band possesses obvious advan tages, and constantly tends to promote the morale, strengthening the discipline and elevating the sentiment of the organization. Ono thing was observed : no regiment with a band maintained a first-rate drum-corps. It could not be expected of any com mand in active service. The Fourteenth New Hampshire was one of tho few regiments in the army, which, through all the vicissitudes of an arduous campaign, through swift marches, 304 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. rapid retreats, and great battles, still maintained a good band to play the jaunty column into its day's march, and the wearied files into the welcome camp at night. Deviating, through this one paragraph, from the general char acter of this chapter, it may be well to give some facts concern ing the band of the Fourteenth Regiment. It was organized October 16, 1862, just previous to the departure of the regiment for the seat of war. The largest number which the band ever mustered was twenty-one, seven of them coming from one com pany, G. Some of the members enlisted with the express understanding that they were to be detailed as band-musicians ; but there was no band enlisted as such. George A. Day of Company F was engaged to organize the band, remuneration to be guaranteed him out of the regimental funds. George W. Hodgdon of Company D was the first leader, and held that position until his discharge in June, 1863 ; when Mr. Day was appointed to succeed him, but did not assume direction because of absence on account of sickness. Mr. W. H. Bolster, a non- enlisted man from Keene, was hired to conduct the band ; and he remained its leader until July, 1864, when he left the regi ment on its arrival at Fortress Monroe from Louisiana. While in New Orleans, a French-citizen musician, James Maurepas, was hired by the regiment; and he served faithfully during the remainder of the war, coming home to Concord with the band, and then returning to Louisiana. The band of the Fourteenth was highly prized, and its members faithfully performed their every duty. In battle they did brave and efficient work in suc coring the wounded. Five of the original members, who attended the first rehearsal in the woods at Concord, served at their posts throughout the war, and played in the State-House yard the night after the regiment's final discharge. Their names are George A. Day, Morton M. Smith, Frank T. Moffitt, Nahum Mower, and Thomas Mower. Up to the time of the Civil War it was a popular notion that armies marched to battle inspired by the patriotic strains of bands, and the martial airs of fife and drum. So far as modern warfare is concerned, this is a pure illusion. Musicians of every A REVIVING EPISODE. 305 name certainly were found on the battle-fields of the Union ; but with the exception of buglers, and those were rare, they were present, not carrying instruments of music, but bearing stretchers, etc., with which to assist the wounded. The excep tions to this statement were few. A military band was a real sanitary auxiliary. Men in the hospital were invigorated by the airs they had come to love as they did a hymn-tune of their boyhood; while all who had the "blues," or were in the first stages of disease, were revived and strengthened. The Fourteenth Regiment will not forget the burial of Gen. Plummer at Washington in 1863, when all day under arms in the extreme heat, marching five miles in slow time with arms reversed, and no refreshment, the return march to camp, after dark, was made in a drenching thunder-shower. The battalion was never in a sorrier plight than on that dismal night at nine o'clock, when it filed out from Pennsylvania Avenue up Seventh Street, with a mile and a half more of wearisome tramp into camp. There was hardly a semblance of files or formation. Sand and water disputed with the men's feet for the occupancy of their government brogans, and it was pitch dark. Suddenly, without notice, the regimental band, which had not paraded, and had come down to meet the regiment, wheeled into the head of the column and struck up the most popular piece in their repertoire. To say that the instantaneous effect was magi cal, would be a piece of poor description. First a cheer, loud and long, then a feeling of marvellous refreshment and renewed strength. The spirits of the men were wonderfully revived; stragglers found their places in the ranks ; the files aligned and closed up ; the step was caught, and the regiment marched into camp easily and with enthusiasm. On the banks of the Potomac, in the mud of Virginia, on long voyages at sea, among the bayous of Louisiana, and on the incomparable pikes of the Shenandoah Valley, our band cheered us along by its timely interjections of stirring strains. But not all instrumental music in the army was enlivening. Tenderly mournful were the burial-dirges of band or drum-corps, coming with a frequency which established a dreadful monotony of 306 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. death, the file of soldiers marching in common time, with arms reversed ; the tune being always that most beautiful and simple of death-marches, " Pleyel's Hymn." How strange to die as thousands of our boys died ! how strange the funeral, the requiem, the interment in a foreign soil and an unmarked grave ! Every softened note of the fife, every throb of the muffled drum, lacerated tender cords in the hearts of surviving comrades. And some of the mourners must soon themselves prolong the sad procession, with no drop of their family blood to throb over their coffins. But the music of the Union had many parts and moods and renderings. We have alluded to some of the instrumental per formances ; but vocal music in the army was well-nigh universal, and in quality it ranged from the veriest crudities of expression up to the productions of skill and taste. In nearly every regi ment the musical side of army-life furnished a somewhat curi ous and usually interesting studjr. In many cases a regimental glee-club was organized, which formed the nucleus of a general effort to improve the talent of the command. More frequently single amateur musicians, without concerted endeavor, devel oped the musical ability of their own companies ; the different circles uniting in grand anthem or chorus when the entire bat talion was stirred by a common impulse, or more closely unified in the expression of an unusxial and all-pervading sentiment. Vocal music became a part of the soldier's life as soon as the various company detachments were assembled in the State ren dezvous, and the men became somewhat acquainted with each other and their surroundings. It was in the long barracks at Concord ; after the novel cuisine of a company cook-house had been tested in the meal which at home was called supper ; when twilight was mellowing every object of vision ; the men were lounging on their bunks, — curious substitutes for the beds just vacated at home, — or sitting on kegs or boxes in the alcoves between; the minds of all were very susceptible, for new and wonderful phases of duty and association were leading men of a steady lifetime into the realm of romance and a strange experience ; already indescribable thoughts of home and loved SONGS OF THE VOLUNTEER. 307 ones were beginning to mould the inner life of all the true- hearted ones into a tenderer devotion. In such a mood, home behind and a great war before, it was most natural that a timely song should best avail to voice the subtle and general sentiment. Perfectly congruous with the occasion, yet rather inappropriate as it is recalled, was the Southern melody which first trembled, then swelled through the barracks of a Union regiment when it was girding itself for the sanguinary strife. It seemed inde scribably sweet to our boyish imagination, as we lay there in the bottom bunk, on its fresh government-blanket with the big " U. S." in the middle, wondering if the two-hundred-pound recruit above was likely to fall through and crush us ; thinking also of the supper-table at home, and a plate that was not turned and — might never be again; when the plaintive sweet strain of the plantation-song stole along from a single voice at the farther end of the barracks, caught up and augmented in vol ume as it rolled along, whose refrain was, — " Alabama again ! Alabama again ! I'm going to go back to Alabama again." In the army, patriotic, sentimental, and comic songs mingled in grotesque selection : but the lighter and more mirth-provok ing airs made little headway, while the questionable songs which might be expected to gain a place in the freedom of unre strained camp-life were almost wholly tabooed ; certainly they never attained any popularity. Some of the finer plantation melodies, and the home compositions consonant with the spirit of the great era, welled up in the rich and grand vocalization of the mighty army, all the way from Gettysburg to the Gulf, making resonant every camp and bivouac between the Potomac and the Rio Grande. Julia Ward Howe's noble hymn, written in the inspiration of actual contact with the serried hosts of the North, pouring down to crush treason and its cause, voiced the highest sentiment of the Union army, and was only sung when that sentiment was evoked by an occasion which touched such a lofty chord. 308 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. "Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord ; Pie is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored. He has loosed the fateful lightning of his terrible swift sword, His day is marching on." Members of the Fourteenth heard the author read this magnifi cent battle-hymn in the Distribution Camp at Alexandria, soon after it was written ; but the very grandeur of the piece pre cluded its general use. And there was one more popular, and of absolute universality wherever the Union flag was unfurled. The verses were varied indefinitely but the key to them all was, — " John Brown's body lies a-mouldering in the grave, But his soul goes marching on. Glory, glory, hallelujah ! His soul goes marching on." As the war dragged on from months into weary years, the song was occasionally changed, the air and chorus being retained : — " We'll hang Jeff Davis on a sour-apple tree, While we go marching on." The verve of an army never shone out in such grand emphasis and amusing absurdity of expression as when it swelled the chorus to the above lyrical anathema upon the petticoated leader of the slaveholders' Rebellion. This tribute to the arch-traitor reminds us that the Johnnies had their camp-songs. Some of them, like "Maryland, my Maryland," and " Dixie," were meritorious, and quite familiar in the Union camps. There were others extant among the legions of the Confederacy which did not rise above the dignity of doggerel. Here is a specimen of the rhythmic measures employed to fire the Southern heart : — "The South, what though despotic Abe Now strive her power to kill, Forever may her banner wave, And drive him at her will." SOME REBEL POETRY. 309 One of the Rebel carols is a glorification of their valor in capturing small Yankee merchant-craft with well-manned gun boats, carrying a heavy armament of English cannon. And thus they sing their triumphs : — " And when our bloody work is doue, We sit us down at set of sun, And then recount what glorious fun It was to see the Yankees run And strike their flag e'er the fight begun." Just where the blood flowed in the above circumstances, we are unable to imagine. The sentiment prevailing among the South ern soldiery, and more especially with the women of Rebeldom, is so well voiced in one of their " battle-hymns," that three stanzas are here given, including the Italics and punctuation of the author : — " O Christian Dixie's land, Where " darkies " dwell in peace, Dear Christian Dixie's land, Where Heathen orgies cease. What lures to Dixie's land, Invaders from the North, Is it for Afric's sons To grace their household hearth ? Oh, touch not Dixie's land, Ye Yankees full of art ! Her sons shall ne'er again Be one with you in heart." If the poets of the sunny South could have saved the Confed eracy, it ought to have become almost immortal. To the soldier musician in the armies of the North, there was an indefinable charm in negro-melodies ; and they were listened to always with delight. The following is the first verse of a favorite in the Fourteenth : — " In the Louisiana Lowlands, not many years ago, There lived a colored gentleman, His name was Pompey Snow: He played upon the banjo, 810 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. And on the tambourine; And, for rattling of tlie bonus, Oh I his like was never seen. In tlio Louisiana Lowlands, Lowlands, Lowlands, In the Louisiana Lowlands low." The following is one verse of a song quite popular; at ono time, in and out of tho army, and much sung throughout the country. The air, and in fact the words almost,, have been appropriated by the Sunday-school hyinnors. " The soldiers are feathering from n"ar and from far, Tho trumpet is sounding l,ho call for tho war ; Tho conlliel, is raging, 'twill be fearful and long: Then gird on the armor, and be marching along." The songs of tho soldier were accommodated to his moods. There were rollicking, saucy waves of temper sweeping over a company or regiment, when some soloist would strike up, and draw out a chorus of tremendous emphasis, if not of dulcet har monies. And this is what they sang: — " When Johnny comos marching home again, Hurrah, hurrah 1 We'll give hiin a hearty wolcomo than, Hurrah, hurrah I The men will eheer, the boys will Bhout, The ladies they will all turn out, And we'll all get, When Johnny comes marching homo." Sometimes it was a tender, plaintive note which sounded the key of the general melody. Beautiful, touching, suggestive of associations dearest to the soldier, is that song so familiar and popular during the latter part of the war : — " We're tenting to-night on tho old camp-ground: Give uh a song to cheer Our weary hearts, — a, song of home, And friends we love so dear. $0.\ maroldug: Olieer up, eomrado,*, thoy wilt eome, Aud beneath tho starry dag wo shall breathe tho &hr again. Of (ho free laud \\\ our own beloved home," There wore two other soul's whioh expressed tho deep senti ment, tho grand enthusiasm, and tho sublime purpose of tho Union volunteers, boyond all others sung around tho loyal oamp-tlros. Tho ono tlrst rofonvd to was tho ouhninating musio of tho war, mid oolohratod tho wonderful font of strategy plannod by Urant and oxooutod by Sherman, " Uring tho jiwni old bogle, Ivy*! weil sing another mij,— Sunjj it with ft spirit that will start tho world along, - 5*hvg it «a wo used to sing it, ufty thousand strong, While wo wow mawlung through Georgia. Hurrah! hurrah! we bring- Mw , jubilee ! Hurrah! hnrmhl tho fl^ tital «ft«k*a you free! So wo »*»$? tho ohoros from Atlanta to tho sea. While we were mawhing through Georgia," Tho otimax of musioal etYort in tho history of tho Fourteenth \Y»a voaohod on that delightful o&vly -autumn ovoning io tho 312 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Valley, when the army, after a brisk day's march in pursuit of Early, bivouacked in an undulating field, flanked with forests, near Charlestown. Rails were plentiful ; great bubbling springs supplied pure water in abundance ; the men were in excellent trim ; the enemy was giving way ; and the gleeful conversation about the big piles of crackling rails attested the high spirits of the entire army. The usual culinary operations had been per formed, and coffee had been exchanged for chat before the twi light deepened. From around a conspicuous fire on a hillside, there came the clear notes of a favorite soloist. From every regiment in the vicinity the song was re-enforced by the leading vocalists. Like a contagion the melody spread ; and, at every camp-fire gathering strength, the volume was swelled and rolled along till the entire army-corps was drawn into the chorus: — " Yes, we'll rally round the flag, boys, rally once again, Shouting the battle-cry of freedom ! We will rally from the hillside, we'll rally from the plain, Shouting the battle-cry of freedom ! The Union forever, hurrah! boys, hurrah! Down with the traitor, and up with the star ! While we rally round the flag, boys, rally once again, Shouting the battle-cry of freedom." Other pieces followed, and other grand outbursts are not for gotten ; but that patriotic vesper hymn, " The Battle-Cry of Freedom," as rendered in the picturesque bivouac of Charles town, remains pre-eminent among all the heroic chants and choral triumphs of Sheridan's army. While the battle of Cedar Creek practically ended military operations in the Valley, the tension of war was kept up for some time. Early returned to Fisher's Hill within a week, having gathered force enough to make some show and bluster ; but Sheridan never considered him worth much attention, save that for more than a month the army was actively vigilant, the men being well employed in picketing, reconnoissances, etc. THE SOLDIER AND THE BALLOT. 313 November 12 Early was on our front in full force, while both sides did considerable manoeuvring without bringing on more than a skirmish conflict. October 25 Lieut. L. W. Wright assumed command of Company A. November 8 the Fourteenth voted for president of the United States; the Union candidate being President Lincoln, while those who denounced the war as a failure supported Gen. George B. McClellan. The New-Hampshire soldiers' vote was, Lincoln, two thousand and sixty-six; McClellan, six hundred and ninety. In the Fourteenth it was four to one in favor of Lincoln. The wonderful success of Sheridan's Valley campaign was an important factor in deciding the presidential election. Soon after the middle of November the troops began prepar ing winter-quarters ; but nothing elaborate was attempted, as the men did not expect to remain in the old Cedar-Creek posi tion during the winter. The army of Sheridan had decked every mound about Cedar Creek with the imperishable laurel of a dazzling glory, and the famous position had served its end ; the men did not care to remain unless Early was to repeat his pranks from Fisher's Hill. During the first part of December the Sixth Corps left the Valley for Petersburg. Soon after, the Eighth Corps returned to Western Virginia; while the Nineteenth Corps daily ex pected orders to join Gen. Grant, but it was destined never to do so. On the 22d a cavalry reconnoissance brought back the news that Early was finally out of the Valley. Our work was done, but we did not know it. The very last of December the Nineteenth Corps moved back from Cedar Creek, through Winchester, to a position near Stephenson's Depot, where excellent quarters were built in "Camp Sheridan." The practice of standing to arms each morning was maintained up to, and considerably beyond, this time. A heavy snow-storm greeted the troops at the very entrance to the new camp, and there was an exceedingly un pleasant state of things for a while. Company A now had still another commander ; Lieut. L. W. Wright becoming adjutant December 6, and Capt. Blanchard 814 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. taking command of the company. At the same time Adj. 0. p. Wright beoame oolonel, and assumed command of tho regi ment December 29. COL. 0. D. WRIGHT. Carroll D. Wright was born in Dunbarton, July 25, 1840 ; his father, Rev. N. R. Wright, being a minister in the Universalist Churoh. From his birth until the breaking-out of the war, his father preaohed successively iu Hooksett, Washington, Read ing (Mass.), Alstead, Swanzey, and Franklin (Mass.). Carroll was eduoated in Washington, Alstead, and Chester (Vt.) Aoade- mies, and in 1860 beoame a law-student under the direction of Wheeler & Faulkner, in Keene. At the time of his enlistment, September IS, 1862, he was a law-student in the offioe. of Tolman Willoy, Esq., Boston, Mass., residing in the adjoining oity of Cambridge. Mr. Wright was oleoted second lieutenant of Company 0, and entered the service as suoh. February 28, 1868, Lieut. Wright was made A.A.O. of subsistence, on the brigade-Btaff. Tho service of Lieut. Wright in Washington is partially given in the proper plaoe. June 27, 1865, he was assigned as A.D.O. on the staff of Gen. Martmdale,.in Washington. Soon after, he was transferred to the provost-marshal's office, where he had oharge of the patrols and the guards at bridges and ferries. November 7 lie re turned to the regiment, and was made acting-adjutant ; and on the 7th of the next month reoeived his adjutant's commission, June 28, 1864, while the Fourteenth was at Morganzia, La., Adjt. Wright was again taken from the regiment, and made A.A.A.G. of the brigade. He continued in this position throughout the Valley oampaign, discharging his duties with marked fidelity and conspiouous ability. He rendered impor tant service on the sanguinary field of the Opequan. December 28, 1864, he was mustered as oolonel of the Four teenth, his commission being signed by Gov. Gilmore, December 6. When appointed colonel of the Fourteenth, Col. Wright had but partially reoovered from a severe attack of typho- vV. v^K^l Ii:ih, Michael McMann, William Melville, Charles II. Munroe, Ora O'Brien, Patrick Parks, Fred S.B . Parks, George W.1» Ferrlgo, George 10 Porter, Charles E. Powers, James F." Putnam, Orson D.* Reason, Henry . Richardson, Levi G.+ Round y, Ifidwin K. Roundv, Franklin W. Rumrill, Lucius ' Charlestown Langdon . CharlestownWalpoleWalpoloWalpole Charlestown MarlowWalpoleWalpole A Intend Walpolo Walpolo W»lpolo| WidpoleCharlestown CharlestownCharlestownMarlowCharlestownWalpoloWalpole WalpoleMarlowMarlowWalpolo Walpole MarlowMarlowMarlow Walpolo WalpoleCharlestown CharlestownAlsteadWalpoleAl«teadWalpole Charlestown WalpoloWalpole CharlestownWalpoloWalpolo , 1802. Willis, I'aul S.». Alstead 32 Warmer . Alljt. 30, 1802, July 8, 1805. Wilson, Charles If.. . Walpolo . 20 Knrinor . 25, 1802, I lee. 12, 1S02. Wilson, Kookwell II. Walpolo . is Clerk Sept. 1, I8U2, July 15, 1803. Wrlsht. Charles ll.». Clinl'lestown IS Kiirinor . 13, 1802, May 24, 1806. W \ num. Samuel N,J . ' Tulal . . . 10 1 Walpolo . 31 Laborer . July 28, 1802. Unokiuth. Ailimis, ,IMui Lorou . Charlestown 23 Saloon keeper. Hoe. 22,1803, July 8, 1805. Alhlorsou, James '" . Strntliam . 22 Laborer A mr. 14. 1803. Aiuli'ewa, l-'roil 11." . Chnrlostown . is Laborer . Dec. 22, 1803. Anuslroni;, Henry .l.'11 Koohoster . •it Laborer . Auir. 11, 180,3. HnlU'v. Knuiuiiol IV II. . Chnrlostown 'J 5 Karmor . March 12, 1801, 8, 1805. Urmlshuw, Charles'" Karnilnnton -II Sailor Alls. 1 1. 1S03. llrown, Charles '" Koohoslcr . '.':i Teamster 11, 1803. llrown. William 11. . Nnllliishiiiii 21 Karnior . M, 1S03, S, 1805. llowntati, James " Charloslnwn , is Laborer . Pec. 22, 1808. Casov, John Charloslown 85 Laborer . 22, 1803, Juno 0, 1805. Cortcm, Charles N." . Chnrlostown IS Karmor . 22, 1803, July 8, 1805. llw, Samuel O." WiiHliluvrion 37 Karmor . Jan. 4, 18114. Uciulei'SOII. .Mill '• . lleerllohl . -3 Karmor . A nil. 12, ISO:'. Knapp, Charles 11. a . Charleslown . 10 Salesman Jim. 4, 1801. 8, lSOfi. Lvnils, Conine 11. CliiirlcHtown IS Clerk 12, 1801, May 10, 1805. Snillh, Charles Charlestown IS Sailor Hoc. 22, 1808, July 8, 1805. Warn, William . Koono. '.'S Shoemaker . S. 1803, 8. IS05. W'othorhcc, Ivlwanl 11. . Koono. . . IS Clerk S, 1808, 8, 1805. Total . . IS AisuimivrK . 110 COMPANY C. Amos 1>, Combs, Co;'!*.111 Ira lleri'v, lun., lit II " Carroll (>. Wrl«hi,2,( U Srciti;K\NTS. Jeremiah I .vloi',1, ls< llaulel K. llcaley m . .1. llciirv K. ,lenks'« Luther M. Pinker '• . Itoor^i 11. Stone " . Coupon U.S. Oeorite W. Nvo Kcnhon 11. Combs* . Wlllliun Sebastian . Charles II. Ilove" . Cevlon S Haxls' Kn'oeh Koster . llooiito W. U. CortVn tleoixo W. Keleh'" . Tables III.. IV., VI. I'ables II., 111. Tables II., VI. 'Tublolll. » Table IV. " Swan/ey . . Keene. Cuulb'port, Mass. Keene. Swiui.-.ey . Keeno.Keene . Marlborough Uoxhut'vWinchester Swnu.-ov Keene.' . West port . Marlborouith iMUw'lllhiui 2124 Karnior Jeweler . Law student Mcclinnlc Stmlent . Shoo. dealer ToamslerCarpenter Karmor . Karmor . Mechanic Carpenter Karnior Moulder Tiiisinllh Clerk AllR. 27, ISO'. 20, ISO'. Sept. 1, ISO'. Aus. 20. isiv: 12, 1N1-. 28, ISO'. 7, 180'. 12, ISO'. Aus. 12, ISO'. 10, ISO'. 12, ISO'. 12. ISO'. 20. ISO'. 12. ISO'. 13. ISO'. 24, ISO'. Pablo V. n Table VU1. '•• Tr. V. lies. Oct. 15, 1S02. « lies. Nov. 2a, 1803. IMS!. Pablo II. » Table VI. « liismlssod Nov. 1 I, \W. <" Table lies. Nov. 4, ISlW. " Tables 11., 111.. VI. " 1'ablei July 8, 1S05. March 0, ISlk'i. July 8, 1S1V5, Nov. 17, 1805. July S. 1805. 8, 1805. 8, ISO,'). 8, 1805. S. ISO.'.. Mav 3ii, ISO... July 8, 1805. v C. T. Vm;. 31. I'ables HI., VI. 111., V. 111., IV. 884 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Taulk I. — Company C — Continued. Name. MnHH'lANH. Ailelborl, A. Ilutlglitou Oharhm II. Itiirrult ' . AVaiiiinkk. Kit W. Reynolds l'lllVATUS. Adams. Alphousn A. Unlch, 1'erlcy K.« Harbor, Charles II. Harbor, ChurlcH II,, Jun. Harbor, John a . Ilai'den, 1 1 1 mm * Harnes, Krnnk ° . HaniH, William I). . lilud'.cit, ICdniund 1 . Hollo, Tb lore' . llrcnnan, Mlklholl '¦ . Hrooks, Amus \V.» . llurbank, Krnnklln , Hurcham, Joseph * , llyani, Hcnjninln W. Onpron, (leul'go 1.' . (larroll, (lunrgn llunry (Ionics, Darwin < I. . Culllns, Pcrlcy [«. Collins, William » . Cumbs, Carroll l„" . Combs, Holand M. . (Jumbu, William Ounnnlngs, Jnsnph W,9 llavls, AinnHil . llavls, Isaac, A. . . llonllllle, ICilward" . Dyer, Hlmoll " . li'ullor, Kdward K. . Gallagher, Kl-ank8 . (Ilhnoro, Charles 0.° (lol'inan, Michael Harris, Daniel » IIiihIIiiss, Kinery * llaydcn, 'Phonias P. . Iluynus, Henry L.>» . llealoy, I). I'.i all Hill, I'lluirles II. llnllirnok, Henry D.. llolman, Ira II. . llnlman, Thomas F,» Howard, Ambroso W. l.oaoh, JamnH . . Lnrahy, Krntik ° . Mnsnn, < llinrlns A." . Mnliunn, Charlus W. Mattoon, Bamuol . Morso, Ansll A. Nash, II union II. Osliorn, Daniel I'.1 . l'arknr, John A. I'lillhrlok, Charles W. l'ope, Thnodnro HaillHilnll, Joseph II. Itlclhardson, Delcvun ().» Hunt, Nathaniel 1'." . HllatUlok, li'runk , Hlylh'ld, Daniel ' Hlyllold, Krnnklln >» . Keenu . Troy . Hwan/.ey MarlboroughKeeue. Swan/.ey , West, Hwnu/.oy Swan/.ey Keene. . Troy . . Troy . Keciui. . Keenu . Westmoreland KHr.wllllnm Kecno. . WestmorelandKeene. Troy . . Keene.. Koono . MarlboroughMarlborough VVIne.hesl.nr Richmond . WliiohcHlurKcnlle. Hwun/.oy . Marlhurniish Hwan/.ey , VVcHtniorelanilKlt/wllllam Kaolin. Hwan/.ey . Keene. Kll/.wllllaniKeene.Kit/, William AlslcndHwan/.ey . Keene . , Hwan/,ey , K o. Kll/.wllllamKeeno. Kenne . . Troy . . Marlborough West Hwiuizuy Wont Hwan/.ey (JIIhuiiiOllsum Kll/.wllllmnKoono. Troy . . Marlboroughll'll/.wllllamM ¦" M h Miirluuruugli Tro.V . Kceno.Koi'iui. ¦II Occupation. Monhanlo Splunnr . Wagonor Carponl.nr Laborer . linkerLaborer . Knrnier . Toauislnr Knrnier . Laborer . Htoue '"in Laborer . Karnior . Mechanicli'ariner . I.aburer . MochnuloNurse Hrlck-inasori Lnhororli'ai'iuer . Mac.hlnlHt li'arinor . Knrnier . Karmor . Laborer . Carpenliir li'ariner . Laborer . h'arinor . KaniKir . Connor . Mnnlinnln Laborer . Kartnor . Hlnnn.inuiHon Karincr . h'armor . li'ariner . MncblnlslMnelilnlst HtonelniiMonFanner . Lnbtirer . MechanicKnrmur . Karincr . Knrnier . Karuuir . Knrnier . Lnhoror . Teamster Hhocnuikur Lnhoror . Conlwaluur Kiinnor . 1 1 1 < i r Hrlek makor Mechanic Laborer . Dntool' Kllllslinont. Aug, 12, 1802, DO, 1802, Aug. 15, 1862, Aus. Hopt. Aug. Hn,,t. A ll«. Hcpl. Aus. Hopt. Aus. Hopt.Aug. Hopt.Aug.Hopt.Aug. Hopt. Aug- 12, 1802, 13, I HIM. 15, 1862, 14, 1802, 14, 1802, 27, 1802, 25, 1 8112. 1, 1802, 12, 1302, 21, 1802, 25, 1H02. 25, 1802. 1, 1KII2, 31, 1802, 10, 1802, II, 1802, 13 ,18112, HO, 1802, 12, 1KII2, 12, 1802, II, 1802, 21, I KIM, III, 1802, 27, 1802, 22, 1802, 12, 1802, 13, 1HIW, 25, 1802. 14, 1802, 10, 1802, 14, IH02, 1, IH02, 21, 1802, 211, 1802. 1, 1802, 211, 18112. 14, 1H02, 1, 1HII2, 12, 1H02, 27, 1H62, 20, 1862. 27,1862, 18,1802, 26, 1802. 1, 1802. 26, 1802, 20, 1862, 1, 1802, 1, 1802, 30, 1K02, 28, 1H62, 11,1862, 1, 1862, 20, 1862, 12, 1 8112, 12, IH02. 28, I KIM, 20, 1802, IH, 1802, Date of lllsullursn. July 8, 1RI15. 8, 1866. Aug. 12,1803. Oct. 8,1864. April JulyJune 1, 1863 H, 1H65 8, 1866 30, 1805 Aus. April Aug. 18, 1805 26, 180!) 2, 1864 May 0 1805. Marcl Ci8, 1803. July 8, 1860. 8, IH66. 8, 1805. H, 1H05. 8, 1806. 8, 1866. 8, 186ft. 8, 1805. 8, 1805. July 0, 1H64. Mny SO, 1806. July 8, 1805. 8, 1HH6. 8, IKII5. Oct. 17, 1804. July 8, 1805. 6, 18113. 8, 1866. Hopt. 26, 1861. July 8, 1805. 8, 1865. 8, 1805. 6, 1865. 8, 1865. Mny 18, 1806. July 8, 18116. 8, 1865. May 23, IH03. J unn 16, 1806, July 8, 1866. 1 Int. 18, 1804, 8, 1803. July 8, 1805. 8, 1805. 8, 1806. H, 1806. 1 Tallin VIII. a Tr. V.R.C. Aug.30,'04. Tallin VIII. t> Table III. Tr. V.ll.C). Mar. 16, Tallin VIII. Descried Jan, 14. '6 Table, IV. ' Tr.Co. A, April 2, '03. » Table VI. » Tables VI., VIII. « Tablu V. " Tahliw III., IV. » Tnbliw III., V. •» Tublo U. ORIGINAL ROSTER. 885 r.Mll.lr, I. — ('( liesldenco. IMP. IKY 0 — Coi itintied. Date of 1 1 N.VMM. j'Mi Occupation. ate of 1 "; Kn Ilsluient,. Dh cliarso, PlIIVATHl. Smith, Will Inm. Keene. 22 Mechanic . Aus 20, 1S02, July 8, 1S05 rlomnll, Mni'«i>ll«i Hopkinton. 4 1 Laborer . , Sept 1 , 1 802, Hwwilillng, Dauphin '¦ HWkoy, llnraoo II, . Koeue. 3,i Carpeuler Aug 18, IS02. Sivnit'oy 10 Karincr 12, IS02, Keb. 0, 1S05 cUe-pliouson, Choi'hw K. . Swain'ov . , IS Laborer . 22, 1802, duly S, 1805. Hlookwell, Iteorgn tl,» . Marlborough . IS Carpenter 12. 1S02. Bhilio, Seainon A.» Swaiuev 20 Kariner 14, 1S02, S, 1S05. Htono, Stlllniau S.< . KlUwill'lnnl 20 I Laborer . 80, 1802, Juno 1, lSrt.i. Sloue, William W. . Koono. . , 20 Hostler . IS, 1S02. July S, 1S05. Thnleher, Wlllard K.« Swiuifey . . 20 Palmer . 15, IS02. Thayer, John S,» Swaio'oy . 30 'Tailor . 20, 1802, Mav 13, 1S05. ThonuiH, Dexter 11. * . , Swan;cy . 10 Nurse . . 15, 1S|',2, Jul'v 8, ISO.',. Thompson, Cyrils u,» Keene. , , 42 Mechanic 2S, 1S02, May •I, 1S08. Tolman, Sidney . , Troy . IS Cook 15, 18112. July 20, 1S0S. 'I'ottcn, Chrlstophor . Mni'lhoroush 20 Sloue cutter . 12, 1S02, S, 1805. Tntteii, James , , , Keene. 33 Karnior 80, 1S02, S, lSri.i. Walton, Rtvowt" I'll-'iviUlnui ''7 Mechanic 30, 1S02. Ward, ll«rrl»tu\ H.« , Swanrey 20 Mechanic 12, 1S02, 8, 1S05. Wboclock, Unooln*. Swanrev 43 Laborer . 11, 1802, 8, 1805. Whltcomb, Durlua U,t . Kllrwlll'lnm 23 Mechanic SO, 1S02. Mav 27, 1S05. W hlieomb, Wright*. I'll.' William 23 Mechanic 25, 1S02, Sept. 21, 1S05. Wilbur, Chuiiillof* . Walpolo . IS Shoemaker . IS, 1802, May 28, 1808. W'llcov, llcuiv I0.« . Ollsum . , 27 Karmor . . SO. 1S02. Total . ' . . 101 liNoni'trsi. Hoyd, James »> . « _ 23 Lnhoror . , Aug. 20, 1803. Hursess. Wtlllam J. . New Durham , 35 Sailor . 14, 1S0S, July 8, 1S05. Colndo, doakllC' Koebcster . 24 Sailor . 14, ISO,'!, Connor, James . , I'eterboroush . 84 Operative 5, 1S0I. S, 1S05. Con w a v. Joseph '» , IVnev. 20 Sailor , 11, 1S0S. Dm Is, John i' . Rochester . 2S Lumberman , 14, 1S0S. Dlvon, Kranols i» Milt'ord 40 Sailor . 1, ISO I. ll\er, Lewis S. D." , Keene . 43 Mason . Dec. IS, IS0S. Dvcr, Peter' Columbia . SO Shoemaker . Jan. 5, ISO I, May 21, 1S05. Kltlold. Oool'so 5V. , Orl'ord 22 Knrnier . , Dec. IS, 1S03, July 8, 1805. Kingsbury. Ileurv , Keene. 37 Spinner . , Keb. io, ISO,'., S, 1805. l.llllo, Levi N.« .' . I'll; William 22 Laborer . Dec. le, ISlkl. Shorinan, Peter . . , Orl'ord SO Karmor , . is, isoa. S. ISM. Spoouov, 1 vinau * , , TlM> . 42 Laborer . 20, ISiW. Stone, Julius 0. Kiuwllllnlu 28 Miller . 15, ISO;!, S, 1S05. Total . . . 1\ AitllUKlMTK . 110 COMPANY D. Caleb W. llodiolon, Cue*. Stark, Follows, 1m' : s.<» John N. Uivw u, 2,i' U.° Weare Kast Weare Soalnvok . .84 , Dentist . S3 , Student . SO , Meivham Aug. 22, 1802, I July 8, 1S05. 22, 1S02, Sep'l. 4. I SOS. 20, 1802. March 0, 1S0S. SKIluKVNl's. ' Klhrldw D. Hadley, Is* >« Deerlns . it'lm N. hrllo,'1' ' . . Manchester John O. Perkins-' . . Hampton Joseph V. Howie w . . W oaro lioorgv N . Jam rill * . Seabrook . ¦20 ; Teacher . 43 i Drua. painter . i 21 Knrmer . . | 3T Shoemaker 33 , Karmor . . ! Aug. 15. 1S02, ! Dec. 2t>. 1S04. 14, ISO'-', ; July S, IS05. IS, 1803. 14, ISO'3, Juno 25, ISO'i. IS. IS03, July S, IS05. » Deserted Jan. 14, IS0S, T Table VI. " Deserted ,!.,„ SI. I SO I. «« Tables 111.. VI. » Table IV. » Table VII. s Tr. V K. C. Jan. 10, '05. " IV-o'. [cd March 1 7. 01. » Tables 1 1 . ID..VT. * 'Table VI Tables 111., \ L >» Misaliu Oei pi, P>0|. » T ih'es IU.. 1 V. »T»Mt> \ '111. » l'i to Co 1'. No\, l.'O'.'. M Deported Keb. 11, ISl'hl. » Tr. V.lll' Jan. 5, '05. *TM>1« 111. >»l\>«orCed.Noi.3;, 1S0S. >-% Table 11. Tables UL, V I. 386 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Table I. — Company D — Continued. Name. Residence. 4' Occupation. Date of Enlistment. Date of Discharge. Corporals. Humphrey X. Gould John W. Locke l Weare 35 Shoemaker Ang. 21, 1862, July 11, 1865. Seabrook . 20 Clerk 13, 1862, 8, 1865. Warren H. Muzzey 2 Weare . . 18 Mechanic 16, 1862, May 20, 1865. Hoses Wadleigb 3 Weare 18 Mechanic 21, 1862, July 8, 1865. John L. Collins . Weare 37 Carpenter 14, 1862, Jan. 8, 1863. Samuel S. Page 4 Hampton . 19 Shoemaker 19, 1862, July 8, 1865. Charles W. Noyea c . Seabrook . 18 Farmer . 12, 1862. Josiah Gove 6 . Weare 20 Shoemaker 16, 1862, 8,1865. Privates. Addison, John 2 Newton 21 Farmer . Aug. 19,1862, June 8, 1865. Bpale, Sumner 6 Seabrook . 33 Expressman . 13,1862, May 2,1864. Beckman, Francis C.7 Seabrook . 22 Shoemaker 12, 1862, July 8, 1865. Blake, George . Kensington 31 Groceryman . 13, 1862, 8, 1865. Boyd, Aaron E.5 Seabrook . 19 Shoemaker Sept. 27, 1862. Boyd, Daniel Seabrook . 19 Shoemaker 22, 1862, June 8, 1865. Boyd, Lewis Seabrook . 22 Seaman . 11, 1862, July 8, 1865. Breed, Enoch W.» . Weare 19 Shoemaker Aug. 14, 1862, 8,1865. Broeklebank, George A. . Deering 19 - - 15, 1862, June 8, 1S05. Brown, Ira E.2 . Kensington 40 Shoemaker Sept. 15, 1862, July 8, 1565. Brown, Webster Seabrook . 29 Farmer . Aug. 29, 1862, 8, ls.65. Bruce, John R.9 Manchester 20 Machinist June 20, 1862, 8, 1865. Butler, Walter N. . Seabrook . IS Shoemaker Aug. 8, 1862, Sept. 17, 1863. Carr, Charles C.5 Weare 18 Factory Op. . 16, 1862. Chase, Derwin W.u> . Weare 22 Shoemaker 14, 1862. Chase, Nathaniel Seabrook . 19 Boat-builder . Sept. 3, 1862, July 8, 1865. Chase, Stephen W. . Seabrook . 24 Farmer . Aug. 14,1862, 8, 1865. Cilley, Otis G.3 . AVeare 32 Farmer . 18, 1862, 8, 1865. Clough, Oliver G.4 . Deering 23 Farmer . 15, 1862, Sept. 5, 1863. Colby, John B.« Weare 32 Farmer . 19, 1862, July 8, 1865. Collins, Augustine A.3 Weare 26 Carpenter 15, 1862, 8, 1865. Coult, Stephen C.8 . Auburn 27 Shoemaker 16, 1862, 8, 1865. Crane, Simon J.4 Deering 35 Farmer . 15, 1862, Oct. 13, 1863. Crane, Solomon J. . Deering 35 Farmer . 13, 1862, July 8, 1865. Davis, Daniel S. So. Hampton 23 Shoemaker Sept. 29, 1862, 30, 1863. Day, Henry C.« . Weare 31 Shoemaker Aug. 18, 1862, 8, 1865. Day, James G.4 . Weare 44 Shoemaker 21, 1802, Sept. 21, 1864. Dow, Alfred B.4 Seabrook . 32 Shoemaker Oct. 1, 1862, July 8, 1865. Dow, Simeon L. Seabrook . 18 Shoemaker Sept. 29, 1862, 8, 1865. Eastman, Morrills Seabrook . 24 Farmer . Aug. 15, 1862, 28,1863. Eaton, Robert C. Seabrook . 25 Shoemaker 13, 1862, 8, 1865. Ellsworth, Joseph H. Weare . 34 Mechanic 20, 1862, 5, 1865. Emery, Parker A. . Hampton . 20 Farmer . Sept. 15, 1862, 18, 1865. Emery, Warren H.11 Weare 24 Mechanic Aug. 14, 1862. Favor, Nelson H. Weare 18 Farmer . 18, 1862, 8, 1865. Foster, James F.11 . Seabrook . 18 Cordwainer . 12, 1862. Gillispie, James A.12 Hampton . 18 Farmer . 19, 1862, 7, 1865. Godfrey, Jacob T. . Hampton . 20 Farmer . 18, 1862, 8, 1865. Godfrey, Oliver H. . Hampton . 18 Farmer . 20, 1862, 8, 1865. Gove, Albert Seabrook . 38 Farmer . 30, 1862, 8, 1865. Haladay, George E.fl Weare 20 Farmer . 26, 1862, 8, 1865. Hamilton, William L.« . Weare 20 Mechanic 22, 1862, 8, 1865. Hastings, Charles s . Seabrook . 21 Farmer . Oct. 3,1862, 8, 1865. Heffron, Patrick Hampton . 18 Farmer . Sept. 15, 1862, 8, 1865. Hodgdon, George W.* Kensington 39 Music- teacher, Oct. 16, 1862, Sept. 7, 1864. Hodgdon, William H.« . Kensington 42 Painter . Aug. 13, 1862, July 5, 1865. Horaan, Charles L." . Weare 18 Farmer . 22, 1862. Janvrin, John S.14 . Seabrook . 28 Shoemaker 13, 1882, June 28, 1865. Janvrin, Joshua I5 Seabrook . 20 Seaman . Sept. 11, 1862, 28, 1865. Jones, Eliphalet e Weare 34 Shoemaker Aug. 14, 1862, July 8, 1865. Jones, Joseph P.18 . . Seabrook . 22 Shoemaker Sept. 3, 1862. Jones, Sylvester u . Keene . 44 Laborer . Aug. 12, 1862. Kimball, Charles B. . Seabrook . 21 Farmer . 15, 1862, 8, 1865. Leavett, Jeremiah K. Kensington 44 Hatter . Sept. 15, 1862, Oct. 17, 1864. Leonard, James . . Gilmanton . 44 Farmer . 22, 1862, Sept. 24, 1864. i Tables II., III. ' Tables III., VH. 2 Table VI. 3 TablelH. » Tables II., VI. 4 Table VIII. « Tr. Co. C. Jan. 1. « Table V. • Table II. "> Tables in., V. » Table TV. « Tr. V.R.C. Jan. 26, '65- « Tr. V.R.C. Apr. 17, '65. Table VI. Table VI. is Tr. V.R.C. Oct. 18, '64. «> Tables VI., VHI. " Deserted Oct. 11, '62. ORIGINAL ROSTER. 887 Tahi.io f. — Company D — Continued. l'KIVA'I'UH. March, Ceni'Kn W. . Mai'slmi, Mi II ' Mai. .Ion, Oils II. Mayo, Joseph a . McConnlck, Durunril » Mclvelllns, Harvey J. MolllU,, Frank T.J . Muuro, CiiHslinlro MV Morrill, Krank l'.» . Morrill, Jiiiiioh' (Ishoi'lio, Jchso II." . I'l'iislcy, ICilwlu N. . I'ciicock, lljla D. Hiuulall, John Id.' . Unwell, Aiiiiin". Hchollcld, Janics'i . Hnllcy, llulinrl M. W." Hlotl,, ClmrlcM . H wnlt, (Iiiurgn W.a . Ten-Ill, Lrni, mini |f.< Thurston, llclog |t,» . 'ThoinpHou, Samuel IC. Tlteomb, llonry II." . Wnlc.li, Mloliuul" Walla. ',¦, HllllH It. Walton, Hdwlll l White, Philander O.u Wlggln, Thomas J,'1' Wlllaril, (limrgo H.» . WHmiii, Stephen M." Wi'lghl, Junius A. . Total . . .102 HieCKUTI'H. llror.kwny, KoIIIh <1. lli'uokhihank, John A." llurdoll, Wllllnm II.. Chaplil, Charles A. . Clloalo, John i . Clark, Krank J.» Kalol), Ahlier L. Hardy, Charles II. . llayns, Joseph II. . Howard, (leorgo A.». Janvrin, William T.» Jewell, Danlol" JUarslon, Wllllnm W. Mills, Junius T.° O'llrlen, John . Katldnll, William II. rlerliiiiiall, Krank Hoitlhcr, (leorgc T.1 . Whitney, Lconaril l'\ Total . . .10 Aoo'iiM. i rr . 121 Dnuvlllolllllnplcili . 1 1 "in | i . Wniil'll Huuliriiok . W'curo Senhnmlt . Wearn Weill'u Wi'iini WeareWearo Kensington Seahl Il KensingtonWearo Deering . Hnabi'uolc . Hciihriiuk . Weare Weare Deering . ICllHt ICltlgStUll North I lampion Manchester Hon'nrnnk . Colioord, N.ll. Manchester Wearo alanohostor Huubrouk . 11 rail ford Newbury Keene. Ilrndl'ordllrildl'ord Hoabrouk Koono.Ueenu.k'eeuo. Heahrouk , WhllollehlKoono. , Con 'il Koono. Noahrook . tl rail on Seabrook i Koono. Occupation. Hhoemnkor Kiirninr . Ii'iirmer . Carriage mfr. Laborer . I'liriner . Ilolcl-clcrltKuriuor . Karnior . HluiomnkorShoemaker li'ariner . Oordwalnor Hluiomnkor I'liiitugrnpliur HI inker I :u I ,'ln-r . Weaver . Clerk Karincr . Mechanic, Mcchanlo Clerk Lnhoror . Mill. hand Veuiiiini . li'ariner . 1 'ill n tor . Mechanic lirush-malcor li'lslinrniau Farmer . Farmor . Mecluitilo Laborer . Knrtuor . Shoemaker Laborer . M oohnnlo Mechanic Shocmiikiir 'Tcanister Lnhoror . ShoemakerLaborer . Median lo Aug. Sept. Aug. Hepi. Aug. Del. Aug. Feb. Aug.March li'cb. Aug. Jan. March Oct. Keb. Jan. July Jan. March lie of Hill Olll,. 211 18(12, 18 1802. 111 1802, II, 1802, Ifl 1802, II 1802, 15 1802, 20 1802, 22 1802. 15 1802, 111 1HII2, 27 1802, 14 1802, 27 1HII2. IS 1802, 18, 1802, III 18112, 20 1802, PI 1802, 10 18112, 15, 1802, 15 1802, 21 1802, 25 1802. 22 1802, 1, 181)2. 111, 1802, 7 1802, 15 1 802, 18 1802, 18 1802, 8, 1H05, 1, 1801. 1, 1805, 8, 1805. III, 1808, 18, 1801, 1, 1805, o, 1805, II, 1805, 15, 1804. 0, 1805. 1, 18115, IS, 1802. 8, IS05, 4, 1804, SO, 1801, 2, 1804. », 1805, Date of DIscharKii. Nov. 20,1803. July Mayli'eh. July 8, 1805. 2, 1805. 5, 1808. 8, 1805. 8, 1805. 8, 1805. 8, 1805. Doc. 20, 1803. July 0, 1865. 5, 1860. May 18, 1805. July 8, 1805. Oct,. 10,1802. Juno 11,1805. July 8, 1805. 7, 1805. Juno 17, 1805. July 8, 1805. 8, 1885. 8, 1805. Juno 20, 1805. 22, 1805. July 8, 1805. 8, 1800. July 8, 1805. 8, 1805. March 31, 1804. July 8, 1805. 8, 1805. 8, 1800. 8, 1806. 8, 1805. 8, 1805. 8, 1800. 8, 1806. 8, 1800. ' 'Table V. "Tables 1 1., VI. » Table VIII. 4 Tahlo II. "Tnblo IV. «Tublo VI. T Tnhhi VII. '« Tablea IL, III. o Tables 111.., VIII. " 'Tables III., VI. » Donerlud Oct. 2, 1802. "Descried May 0, 1865. 388 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Table I. — Continued. COMPANY E. Name. Residence. two Occupation. Date of Enlistment. Bate of Discharge. Freedom M. Rhodes, Capt.1 Lancaster . 24 _ Sept 23, 1862, July 23, 1863. "William Coblcigh, \nt Lt> Northumberland, 24 Student . Aug. 31, 1862, 8, 1865. JohnE. WffliB, 1dU> . Gorham 35 Watchman 14, 1862, Sept. 16, 1863. Sergeants. Franklin Wheeler, 1st2 . Milan . 30 Mechanic Aug. 15, 1862, July 8, 1865. Hiram J. Rounds 3 . Lancaster . 30 Engraver 22, 1862. John A. Harriman4 . Dalton 40 Merchant 20, 1862. Lewis P. Summers e . Lancaster . 24 Farmer . 12, 1862. "Walter Buck o . Dalton 26 Teamster 22, 1862. Corporal b. Thomas J. Laryfl Milan . 30 Ri verm an Aug. 20, 1862, May 18, 1865. Isaac R. Smith 5 Stark . 25 Farm er . 22, 1862. David 8. Harvey7 Gorham 35 Machinist 16, 1862, July 8, 1865. Leland B. Philbrooks Shelburne . 22 Farmer . 18, 1862. William A.Willis* . Milan . 39 Farmer . 14, 1862, 8, 1865. George W. Purrington Dummer 38 Farmer . 16, 1862, June 8, 1865. Orwando Lary 8 Milan . 39 Miller 18, 1862, 8, 1865. Theodore Moran ° Milan . 23 Joiner 16, 1862. Musician. George R. Holmes . Jefferson . 20 Miller . Sept. 2, 1862, Dec. 10, 1862. Wagoner. Abel H. Wesson Lancaster . 29 Laborer . Aug. 12, 1862, July 8, 1865. Privates. Applebee, George . Ball, Emery, M.D. . Jefferson . 22 Farmer . Aug. 18, 1862, July 8, 1865. Dalton 18 Farmer . 25, 1862, May 24, 1865. Bartlett, George S.7 . Dummer 21 Farmer . 15, 1862, July 8, 1865. Boutwell, Frank Lancaster . 25 Laborer . 18, 1862, 8, 1865. Brackett, Oliver "> . Milan . V.I Farmer . 15, 1862. Brooks, Joseph u Northumberland, 21 Farmer . 25, 1862. Brown, Harvey R.B . Stratford . 25 Farmer . 7, 1862. Colby, Moses12 . Lancaster . 38 Farmer . 14, 1862, 8, 1865. Cotton, Aaron . Milan . 32 Farmer . 23, 1862, Oct. 4, 1865. Crawford, Bryant E.7 Dalton 24 Farmer . 13, 1862, June 7, 1865. Curtis, Moses S.13 . Milan . 28 Lumberman . 22, 1862, July 8, 1865. Cushman, Horace, 2d 5 Dalton 29 Farmer . 20, 1862. Day, John G.1 . Gorham 35 Farmer . 18, 1862, June 16, 1865. Dow, Aldin A.7. Lancaster . 22 Farmer . 15, 1862, July 8, 1865. Eastman, Darius G.7 Milan . 16 Farmer . 13, 1862, May 24, 1865. Ellingwood, Oscar P.13 Gorham 33 Cabinet-maker, 21, 1862, July 11, 1865. Elliott, Marquis L.11 . Dalton 34 Farmer . 22, 1862. Emery, Nathaniel Stark . 29 Farmer . 22, 1862, 8, 1865. Evans, Edwin F.7 Milan . 24 Lumberman . 13, 1862, 8, 1865. Evans, William . Milan . 43 Farmer . Sept. 3, 1862. Folsom, Stephen P.8. Colebrook . 28 Blacksmith Aug. 12, 1862, 26, 1865. Forbes, Erastus W.14 Bow . 18 Farmer . Sept. 20, 1862, June 8, 1865. Ford, George W.1 . Dalton 44 Farmer . Aug. 12, 1862, Aug. 3, 1863. Gaskill, Almon P.«> . Dalton 18 Blacksmith 25, 1862. Gaskill, Rufus D. . Dalton 40 Blacksmith 19, 1862, July 8, 1865. Goodnow, Henry 8 . Gorham 28 Currier . Sept. 1, 1862, 8, 1865. Gray, Jared 7 Jefferson . 22 Farmer . Aug. 13, 1862, 8, 1865. Gray, Joseph M.B Greenlaw, John W. . Lancaster . 18 Laborer . 13, 1862. Milan . 25 Merchant 15, 1862, May 29, 1R63. Griffin, Daniel15 Gorham 45 Laborer . 9, 1862, Nov. 22, 1863. Hawkins, Thomas A.16 . Dummer 26 Farmer . 13, 1862. Henson, Charles Stark . 30 - 22, 1862, July 8, 1865. Heneon, Moses . Stark . 22 22, 1862, 8, 1865. Hicks, Hiram G.17 . Jefferson . 20 Farmer . 30, 1862. Hoi brook, Roswell 12 Stratford . 22 Farmer . 14, 1862, 8, 1865. Holbrook, William W. . Stark . 27 Laborer . 22, 1862, 5, 1865. i Table VIII. • Tables TIL, VI. " Deserted Oct. 1, 1862. ls Re-enl. 12th Me. Vols. ! Tables IL, III. ? Table III. "Table VI. « Tables III,, V. » Tables III., IV., VII. 8 Table II. is Tr. V.R.C. Sept. 9, '63. " Deserted Nov. 22, 1864. 4 Tr. V.R.C. Aug. 10, '64. » Tr. V.R.C. Sept. 22, >63. "In the 4th U.S. Cav. g Table IV. " Deserted Jan. 11, 1863. Oct. 15, '66-Oct. 15, 71. ORIGINAL ROSTER. 389 Table I. — Company E — - Cot tinned. Name. Residence. 6 Occupation. Dale of i 1) KnllHtment. Ills lie of charge. 1*111 VATICH. Hodge, Ida A. . Lancaster . 18 Fnrrncr , . Aug. 13, 1882, July 8, 1865. Hubbard, .Iiuticm O. . Dalton 20 Laborer . 22, 1862, 8, 1865. Jngerson, George W. Jell'erson . 20 Kurlncr . 19, 1862, 8, 1865. JarvlM, Kdward1 Liinciisler . 21 Laborer . Sept. 9, 1862. Jarvls, Wllllnm' I.IIIICIIHler . 2:1 Laborer . 0, 1862. Johnson, Wllllarn W.3 . Slralford . 25 Farmer . Aug. 17, 1862, Nov. 28, 1863. ilordon, Harry W. . Ilerllll. 25 banner . 12, 1862, July 8, 1866. Jordon, Thomas J.4 . Ilerlln. 2.') Farmer . 12, 1802, Aug. 7, 1863. Knight, Calvin J.4 . JeH'crson . 34 Farmer . 2!l, 18112, July 8, 1805. Lane, Ilonry A.4 Luury, Andrew J." . Whltelleld . 18 Karincr . 22, 1862, Oct. 24, 1864. Milan . 21 Lumberman . 12, 1802, May 18, 1865. Laury, Kldolph . Milan . 31 Fnrrncr . , Sept. 6,1882, July 8, 1865. JJndwy, ili'orgo II." Whltelleld . 18 Ini rm or . Aug. 22,1862. Lovojuy. John II.3 Lunn, Wllllnm M.' . Dummer . 23 Farmer . 16, 1862, Oct. 20, 1864. Klark 31 Farmer . 22, 1862. Marshall, Kreetnan . Dallon 18 Farmer . 20, 1862, July 8, 1865. Mnssuro, Fnistus3 , HI ark . 21 Farmer . 21,1862, 8, 1866. Massuro, Jonas' Stark . 30 Farmer 21, 1862. MoFarland, Luring". Northumberland 32 Farmer . 21, 1862, 8, 1866. Morse, dourgo W.7 . Dnllon 26 Laborer . 10, 18112. Morse, John Dnllon 18 Farmer Sept. 5, 1862, Juno 6, 1864. Moulton, 1 ;.-n limil n F. l.niiciiHter . . 36 Laborer . Aug. 11, 1862, July 8, 1805. Nllller, Charles K. . I.aneasler . 18 Laborer . 22, 1862, 8, 1805. Oronll, .lolm D.» JcH'orsori . 17 Farmer . , 21,1862, 27, 1865. Ordwny, Daniel Jellersotl . 21 Fanner . Sept. 8, 1862, 8, 1865. 1'age, llciirv" . Milan . 112 Lumberman . Aug. 12, 1862, 8, 1865. Putter, Daniel' . Stark . 22 Farmer . 22, 1862. 1'urrlngton, John' . Milan . 44 Farmer . 15, 1862. Quint, (leuiKo C.' Whltelleld . 18 Fanner . 22, 1862. Rich, HpauhllngS. . Lancaster . .'11 Teamster 22,1862, 8,1865. Richardson, Lemuel M. . Milan . 21 Farmer . 12, 1862, 8, 1865. Kotiblna, Daniel H.1". Stark . 21 Laborer . 13, 1862. Rowe, James M. . . Oorham 20 1 larncHHtnakcr, 21, 1862, 8, 1865. Sessions, Sumner Dummer '20 Fanner . 12, 1862, 8, 1865. Sherwood, William " Lancaster 44 Laborer . 18, 1862, 14, 1865. Htalblrd, William II. II. , Jell'erHOIl . 111 li'ariner . 12, 1862, Dec. 21,1864. Slllllngs, Rind I'. . JcU'erson . 24 Farmer . 13, 1862, July 8, 1865. Stone, Munroo J,3 . Htnrk . 21 Farmer . 22, 1862, 8, 1865. Twltehell, Claiidluii A.» . Milan . 18 Farmer . Sept. 3,1862. Veaslo, John ' . Duminor . 43 Farmer . Aug. 15, 1802. Wallace, Asnhcl K.» . Dnllon 43 Farmer . 22, 1862, 8, 1865. Webb, Ueorgo F.4 . Corhiim . 20 Farmer . Sept. 1,1862, 8, 1866. Wheeler, Algler 11. . HI nil ford . 18 Farmer . Aug. 7, 1862, 8, 1866. Wilder, Kdward B.' . Lancaster . 21 li'ariner . . 12, 1862. York, Horace". Milan . 26 li'ariner . 18, 1862, June 26, 1865. Young, Antlpas Stratford . 21 Farmer . 7, 1862, 21, 1865. Young, David . Lancaster . 211 Laborer . 12, 1862, May 16, 1863. Total . . .101 RlSOHUITH. Armstrong, Alnhous' Ilean, Caleb V.*. Hinsdale . 38 Farmer . . Dec. 15, 1863. Dummer . 34 Farmer 20, 1803, July 8, 1865. lllalr, Wllllnm . Lancaster . . 111 Farmer 20, 1863, 8, 1806. C.ililulgh, Clmrles . Northumberland, 2H Clerk 25, 1863, Feb. 8, 18115. Cross, A liinsou . Norlhilnihcrlatld, 10 Laborer 23, 1803, May 18, J 806. Delvon, ivicr ">. I'ortsnioulh 32 Laborer Aug. 10, 1863. Dolnn, John 21 Sailor 20, 1863, July 8, 1865. I hi nn, Joseph II. . _ 27 Farmer Dee. 15, - 8, 1865. Fllloll, lleil|illlllll K.'4 Littleton . 35 Farmer Jan. 4,1804, 8, 1865. Hums, John C.' Milan . - Farmer ' Deo. 20, 1863, 8, 1865. li'ox, llenininln '» Harrington . 20 Teamster Aug. 14, 1SH3. Ooud, (IcorgoH.3 . Milan . 18 Mlllman Dec. 20,1863, 8, 1865. Hanford, ICIward "> . Milan . 26 1 'uliiler Aug. 11, 1863. Ilusllngs, John (1. . Keene, 32 li'ariner Jan. 15, 1865, 8, 1885. Hawkins, AIiiIioiim W. . Lnueiisler . - Farmer Dec. 31,18611, Juno 12, 1864. lledrlck, William II." . Rochester . 1'iihles VI., VIII. 20 1 Salloi Aug. 11, 1863. ' Des. Nov. 22, 18(13. " n Transf.V. 11 (!. Am:. " Tables VI., VII. ' Table IV. "Table III. ' lies. (let,. 1, 1KI12. 3, IWII. Table VIII. '» Des. Nov. 3, 863. 4 Table VIII. " table VI. " Tubh 11. " Tr.V 11.(1. Jim. 25, 'li:i. « Des. Nov. 18 1863. » TubloHlL, III., VI. <» Des. Jan. 11,1863. a Des. lie j. 0, 1 63. " Des. 1 larch III, 1864. 390 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Table I. — Company E — Continued. Name. Residence. < Occupation. Date of Enlistment. Date of Discharge. Recruits. Helsey, James 1 - 23 Boatman . Aug. 19, 1863. Henderson, James 2 . Somcrsworth . 28 Sailor 14, 1863. Henderson, John Alstead 19 Sailor . 5, 1864, July 8, 1865. Hogan, William D.» . Farmington 21 Sailor . 14, 1863, June 24, 1865. Hopkins, John J.* . Keflcy, John e . _ 28 Peddler . 19, 1803. _ 25 Laborer . 20, 1863. Leonard, Henry 0. . . Keene. 26 Teacher . Jan. 16, 1865, July 8, 1865. Lyons, Patrick . Mathy, John Edward Gilford 21 Laborer . Aug. 31,1864, 8, 1885. Langdon 30 Bookbinder . 5, 1864, 8, 1865. Murphy. James Neal, William H. . Hinsdale . 19 Sailor . 6, 1864, 8, 1865. Concord 24 - 19, 1864, May 5, 1865. Oswold, Carl B. Berlin . 18 Laborer . Jan. 15, 1865, July 8, 1865. Perham, Leonard Hlnndale . 41 Miller . Dec. 15, 1883, May 30, 1865. Pike, John D. . Northumberland, 21 Laborer . Jan. 12, 1863, July 8, 1865. Rugg, Sewall F.« Keone . 27 Tinsmith 17, 1865, 8, 1865. Sabine, Frank . Whitefield . 21 Barber . 18, 1865, 8, 1865. Scavey, W. H. . Dummer 18 Laborer . Dec. 29, 1863, 8, 1865. Terry, Joseph . Twitchell, Charles M. East Kingston . 27 Laborer . July 28, 1884, 8, 1865. Milan . 17 F'armer . Dec. 29, 1863, 8, 1865. Underwood, Jesso 7 . Dalton . 44 Blacksmith . 29, 1863, May 26, 1865. Watson, Pembroke S. Berlin . 25 Miller . Jan. 15, 1865, July 8, 1865. Wentworth, Thomas Lancaster . 21 Farmer . Dec. 31, 1863, 8, 1865. Whipp, Charles A.» . Total . ' . .39 Northumberland, 31 Farmer . 23, 1863, 8, 1865. Aggregate . 140 COMPANY I". Tbeo. A. Ripley, Capt." . Winchester 26 Straw goods . Aug. 23, 1862, Mny 15, 1865. Stephen Phelps, 1st At. . Winchester 38 Tin busioesB . 23, 1862, Jan. 20, 1864. Wm. A. Fosgate, 2d Lt.™ . Winchester 23 Student . . 14, 1862. Sergeants. John H. Goodwin n . Chesterfield 29 Currier . Aug. 18, 1862, July 8,1865. George G. Martin 12 . Winchester 25 Merchant . 13,1862, 8, 1865. Artemus B. Colburn 10 . Richmond . 29 Merchant 20, 1862. John F. Hunt . Winchester 24 Blacksmith 13, 1862, Aug. 4, 1863. Henry H. Howe Chesterfield 28 Farmer . 22, 1862, July 8, 1865. CORPORALS. Henry F. Pratt 13 Winchester 20 Student . Aug. 13, 1862, June 22, 1865. George Norwood u . Winchester 44 Farmer . 21, 1862. Charles G. Howard 10 Winchester 23 Mechanic 18, 1802, July 8, 1865. Milton G. Frost" . Milan . 24 F'armer . 13, 1862. Novatus Graves . 1 . Winchester 44 Mechanic 19, 1802, 8, 1865. U. Barrett I'\)sgate le Winchester 24 Farmer . 13, 1862, 8, 1865. Floras H. Wood ' . Winchester 18 Farmer . 18, 1862, 8, 1865. Henry B. Baldwin . Winchester 18 Laborer . 12, 1862, 8, 1865. Musicians. Calvin P. Gilson Chesterfield 22 Stage-driver . Aug. 22, 1862, July 8, 1865. Denzel T. Swan 14 . Winchester 18 Farmer . 22, 1862. Wagoner. Charles O. Colburn . Winchester 29 Farmer . Aug. 14, 1862, July 8, 1885. Privates. Allen, Moses 10 . Richmond . 24 Merchant Aug. 20, 1882. Andrews, Ethan A.14 Milan . 32 Farmer . 13, 1862. Ball, Charles A."> . Winchester 39 Farmer . 15, 1862. Ball, Charles W. W. Winchester ID Farmer . 15, 1862, July 8, 1865. 1 Deserted Nov. 3, '63. ' Deserted Nov. 4, '63. 3 Tr. V.R.C. Nov. 4, '64, « Deserted Nov. 6, '63. « Deserted. ° Tables IL, HI., VII., ¦' Tables IL, VI. » Table II. VIII. is Tr. V.R.C. Oct. 10, '64. » Table VIII. M Tables III., V. Table VIII. » Table VI. « Tables III., VIII. « Table IV. « TublelU. ORIGINAL ROSTER. 391 Tahlic I. — Company F — Continued. Namh Resldonoe. Occupation. Date at Fnllstment. Date of Discharge. Privates. Ilancroft, I 'Union A. . Harilen, Aimer S. llenl, Lauren K.1 Illodgelt, . lames ll.i . Holt lames II.' . Brlllou, Frederick F.' . Brown, Bourdwln'1 . Hnll'iun, ,Iededlah,.|iin.3 . Buil'um, Frnuels il.1 . Biirk, John » Casey, Tboitiiis . . . Cannon, Patrick;0 Cohen, Isaac, Hammings, .lohu Cummlngs, William J.7 . Darlliin, Calvin U. . Day, George A.H . Knlon, Loron, |un. . Klllot, Wllllnm It.o . Fnrr, Bradford 0. . Ii'arr, Wesley O.10 p'rosl,, Sumner F. Hastings, Foster W. . Hastings, Herbert R. Hayes, Frederick 0.1 Ilnyos, Patrick3 Henry, Herbert W.u Hill, Taylor 10.' Holbrook, Charles II. llolbrook, OiMirgu H." Howard, Lullior IC.:t . Hlllcliins, Henry K. . Hyde, Ira D. . Lnmliorl, l'errln' Lumpsoii, llraill'ord 1'." Lincoln, Luc.len 0. . Lucas, Wesley J 3 . Met 'loaning, Henry J.u Moore, John II. Morey, William A.» . Munloek, Hubert E.. Murdock, Verwlll, 'id.1 Newell, Hi'lljumlll, Jun."> Nlms, lleorgu 11. O'Noll, Thomas" 1'erry, lleorge F,' l'henny, Andrew Pratt, Charles 3 . lveede, Chiirles 1\ Kourk, Francis . Scott, George D. Scott, Waller A.i Sharon, Lewis ° Smith, ISdward O." . Snow, Henry II. Stoddard, James S.'* Strootor, Marshall S.' Thayer, Henry VM . Thompson, Daniel II." Ward, Goorgo 1\"> . Wubbor, James 11." Wollos, Sidney 1. . Wentworth, lleorge A.° Wheolor, Charles W."> ChostorfloldRichmond . Winchester Norlliunibcrland, Winchester Keene. . . Keene. \VlnehoetorWlnohostor Bow . Lancaster . Northumberland, KensingtonNorthumberland,Northumberland,Chesterfield lllnsdalu . Winchester DaltonChesterfield Chesterfield Mllnn . Chesterfield Chesterfield Lancaster . Winchester OhoBterHeldChesterfield Swan/.ey • Swan/.eyWinchesterWinchesterStnrk . Milan . Swan/.ey Chesterfield Milan . Chesterfield Winchester WinchesterWinchester Winchester Richmond . Winchester Northhampton Winchester Northumberland,Winchester Wlnohostor Wlnoheetor Chesterfield Richmond . How . . . Wlnchestor Chesterfield Chesterfield Chcslerllcld WinchesterWinchester West, Swanzoy . Milan . Gorhnm Milan . Keeno . 16 30 2(141 17 204440 18314421 2120 IS3114232 18 28 2321 30 23 2026 18 It!18 1(1 2120 61 3112(123 IS 2021 162618432424 28 23 60 20 2U212(121 IS 22 20 44 IS 35 IS 28 18 18 Farmor . Farmer . Farmer . Laborer . Farmer . Fanner . Cook Farmer . Student . Farmer . Laborer . Laborer . Cigar-maker Laborer . Laborer . Farmer . CarpenterCooper . Farmor . Miller . Farmer . Sailor . Farmer . Farmer . Mechanio Laborer . Farmer . Farmer . Funnel- . Fnrrncr . Farmer . Fnrnler . Fanner . Karnior . Fnrmcr . Farmer . Fanner . Fanner . Carpenter Farmer . Mechanio MechanioFnrmor . Tinsmith Laborer . Mechanio Laboror . Farmer . Farmor . Mill oporntlvo Farmor . Farmer . Laborer . Farmer . Farmer . Fanner . Fnrmor . Fanner . F'arnier . Wood-turner Fanner . li'ariner . Fanner . Laboror . Aug. Sept. Aug.Sept.Aug. Oct. Aug. Sept.Aug.Sept.Aug. Sopt,Aug. Sept Aug, Sept Auir opt. 27, 1862, 10, 1862, 13, 1802. 27, 1862. 20, 18112, 1, 1802, 1,1862, 13, 1862, 13, 1862, 15, 1862. 12, 1802, 20, 1862. 1(1, 1862, 2(1, 1862, 11, 1862, 20, 1862, 1,1862, 12, 1862, 2, 1862. 13, 1862, 18, 1862, 13, 1862, 23, 1862, 26, 1862, 12, 1862. 12, 1862, 21, 1862. 22, 1862, 14, 1862, 1, 1862, 19, 1862, 14, 1862, 29, 1862, 29, 1862, 15, 1882. 1, 1862, 15, 1862, 10, 1862. 13, 1862, 12, 1S02, 13, lHf'2, 14, 1802, 16, 1802. 13, 1862, 14, 1862. 23, 1862, 20, 1862, 12, 1802. 13, 1862, 13, 1862, 19, 1S62, 20, 1SI12. 10, 18112. 19, 1862, 19, 1802, 25, 1862. 19, 1S02. 12, 1862. 16, 1S02, 17, 1SIV2, 13, 1802. 9, 1802, 111, 1S02. 1, 1862, July 8, 1805. 8, 1805. Juno 22, 1865. JulyJan. May July 6, 1865. 80, 1804. 16, 18(15. 8, 1805. 8, 1865. 8, 1865. 8, 1865. Juno 13, 1865. July 8, 1865. 8, 1865. 8, 1865. Feb.July Feb. July Aug. 4, 1863. 8. 1865. 6, 1863. 8, 1866. 12, 1863. July 8, 1865. MnyJulyJan. July 8, 1865. 26, 1865. 8, 1865. 8, 1865. 20, 1863. 8, 1865. March 13, 1865. July 8, 1865. 8, 1865. June 9, 1865. July 8, 1865. 8, 1805. 8, 1865. 8, 1865. S, 1865. 8, 1865. May July Feb. 7, 1863. July 8, 1865. 8, 1865. May 8, 1865. 26, 1863. July 8, 1866. 8, 1S65. Sopt. 25, 1863. July 8, 1865. > Tablo V. •Table VI. "Table VIII. •Tables III., VI. « Desortod Oct. 1, 1S02. 0 Descried Oct. 20, ISO'. 7 Tables VI., Vill. 8 Table 111. o Deserted March 12, '64. ¦» Tables HI., IV. n> Tables It., 111. " TablealL, III., VIII. n Table IV. »» Tables IL, VI. " Tablo II. 10 Tr. Co. C, Nov. 1, '62. 392 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Table I. — Company F — Continued. Name. Residcnoe. " Deserted March, 1804. 1 Deserted Dec. 31, 186S. ORIGINAL ROSTER. 393 Table I. — Continued. COMPANY G. Name. Residence. 6bo < Occupation. Date of Enlistment. Date of Discbarge. Solon A. Carter, Capt.1 . Keene . 25 Gas superint'd. Oct. 9, 1862, July 26, 1864. C. Fred Webster, Is* Lt> . Jaffrey 26 Lawyer . 9, 1862, 8, 1865. Spencer L. Bailey, 2d Ll? Jaffrey 32 Merchant 9, 1862, Feb. 24, 1863. Sergeants. Flavel L. Tolman, 1st1 . Rlndge 21 Farmer . Aug. 13,1862, July 8, 1865. John W. Sturtevant" Keene. 22 Clerk 31, 1862, 8, 1865. James W. Russell 1 . Keene . 27 Clerk 28, 1862, 8, 1865. Edward B. Howard ' Alstead 21 Farmer . 28, 1862, May 1, 1865. Samuel L. Gerould2 Stoddard . 28 Clergyman 11, 1862, July 8, 1865. Corporals. Maro J. Chamberlain * Dublin 20 Student . Aug. 9, 1862, Aug. 1, 1863. Charles 0. Crajiin" . Dublin 19 Farmer . 11,1862, July 8, 1865. John A. Woodward " Surry . 21 Clerk 27, 1862. Charles D. Emery 7 . Jaffrey 20 Merchant 14, 1862. Calvin K. Day . Keene . 28 Butcher . 27, 1862, 8, 1865. George Kehue . Keene . 38 Ctear-maker . 30, 1862, June 8, 1865. James H. Hunt* Stoddard . 20 Farmer . 13, 1862, July 8, 1865. Asa W. Davis . Keene . 36 Mechanic 28, 1862, 8, 1865. Musicians. Thomas S. Mower ' . Jnffrey 29 Mechanic Aug. 13, 1862, July 8, 1865. Austin A. Spaulding" Jaffrey 18 Farmer . 11, 1862, June 26, 1865. Privates. Bahan, John " . Dublin 23 Dyer Aug. 12,1862, July 29, 1865. Barrett, William A. ' Keene . 36 Brick-maker . 28, 1862, 8, 1865. Bartenback, Christopher 10 Jaffrey 29 Mechanic 11, 1862, 8, 1S65. Blodgett, Sylvester ' Keene. 40 Butcher . 30, 1862, Sept. 16, 1863. Brown, James T. Jafi'rey 22 Farmer . 12, 1862, July 8, 1865. Buckwold, Jacob Jafi'rey 26 Farmer . 11, 1862, Jan. 21, 1865. Burns, Patrick . Keene . 38 Laborer . 31, 1862, July 8, 1865. Carter, Charles A.11 . Jaffrey 19 Mechanic 11, 1862. Casey, John 10 . Keene . 26 Laborer . 31, 1862, 8, 1865. Cooper, Albert . Keene . 18 Farmer . 30, 1862, 8, 1865. Cutter. Edwin R.» . Jaffrey 21 Farmer . 12, 1862, 8, 1865. Cutter, Edward E. . Jnffrey 21 Farmer . 12, 1862, 8, 1865. Curtin, David 10 . Westmoreland . 44 Farmer . Sept. 23, 1862, Dec. 31,1S64. Doolittle, John H.» . Winchester 29 Pail-turner 13, 1862, June 5, 1865. Doolittle, Joseph S.i" Keene . 29 Mechanic Aug. 28, 1862, July 27, 1865. Drake, William S.' . Keene. 29 Baker 29, 1862, Nov. 23, 1863. Ellis, Lyman ' . Keene. 31 Mechanic Oct. 2, 1862, May 26, 1865. Evans, Frank, jun." . Farwell, John T. Keene . 18 Farmer . Aug. 30, 1862. Dublin 20 Mechanic 21, 1862, July 8, 1S65. Frost, John ' . Jaffrey 43 Farmer . 30, 1S62, June 12, 1865. Gerry, Ira .... Green, James 8 . Stoddard . 21 Farmer . 15, 1862, July 8, 1865. Stoddard . 23 Farmer . 12,1862, May 16, 1S05. Hardy, Sanford S.»4 . Dublin 19 Farmer . 12, 1862, July 24, 1865. Hatch, Herbert C." . Alstead 18 Farmer . 28, 1862, 8, 1865, Hazen, Edson S.1" . Dublin 18 Farmer . 11, 1862, 7, 1865. Hazen, George W.1". Dublin 23 Farmer . 11, 1862. Houston, J. Augustine' . Jerry, Amiell " . Jillson, Almon L.17 . Keene . 29 Mechanic 27, 1802, 8, 1865. Dublin 23 Mechanic 20, 1862, 8, 1865. Keene . 18 Farmer . Sept. 25, 1862, 6, 1805. Kinson. John Q. Law, Charles D.* Stoddard . 18 I^armer . Aug. 14, 1862, 8, 1865. Jnffrey 29 Shoemaker 11,1862, 8, 1865. Learned, Lewis D.10 . Dublin 20 Farmer . 28, 1862 Learned, Marion D. i . Dublin 18 Farmer . 30, 1862, 8, 1865. Leathers, John " Jaffrey 21 Laborer . 21, 1862, 8, 1805. Lettenmayer, Otto ' . Lewis, William H." . Keene . 30 Confectioner . 30, 1862, Oct. 15, 1863. Keene . 29 Painter . 29, 1862, May 12, 1865. Lowe, George F.fi Jaffrey 18 Farmer . 14, 1862, July 8, 1865. 1 Tables n., III. ' Table II. " Tables IL, III., VI. » Table HI. « Tables III., VIII. « Tahle IV n Table V. " Tables TIL, V. 7 Tables 1 IT., IV. '* Tr.V. It. C. Aug.10,'64. » Tr.V. K. C. Aug. " Table VI. ,!l Tables IL, VI. 1864. '1 able 11 » Tr V. R. C. Jan. 10, '65. » Tables VI., VIH. 18 Tables III., VIH. t» Table VIII. 10 Tables IL, VI. 394 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Table I. — Company G — Continued. Name. Residence. CI Tables HI., VII. " Tr. V.R.C. Sept.30, '64, ° Tables IL, m., VI. « Tables II. , VIII. « Deserted Nov. 4. '63. Table II. » Table VI. « Tables IV., VH. ORIGINAL ROSTER. 395 Table I. — Company G — Continued. Name. Residence. sibo Occupation. Date of Enlistment. Date of Discharge. Recruits. Von Camp. Nathan1. Williams. John 1 Wright, Daniel2 Total ... 21 Auuregate . US Barrington . SoincrsworthKeene . 24o-,33 Carpenter Sailor Farmer . Ana:. 14, 1863. 14, 1S63. Dec. 26, 1S63, July 8, 1865. COMPANY H. William E. Bunten, Capt. Albert H. Sawyer, Is* It. Waller H. Sargent, 2i( Zi." Sergeants. David A. Maeurdv, 1st." Marcus M. Holmes". George F. Blanchard* Joseph C. Munccy . Timothy E. Bay-ley Corporals. John .V. Preston" John S. Wattles " Hamilton 1'. Courser7 Albert A. Baker8 . Nathan l\ Gilmore . Charles F. Henth " . Dauiel P. Kilburn » . Arthur F. Goodrich » Musician. Cyrus Sanborn n . Privates. Bailey, Amos C.i- Bakef, William II Barnard. George M.19 Barnes, Kdward W. Barren, Joel 5 . Blanchard, Henry H, Bradbury, Samuel G Brown, Frederick T Bunten, George H.13 Buzzell, William Call, George 6 . Call. Chellis E. . Chamberlain. Alonzo P.s. Colbv, Daniel A. Colby, Goorsio O. Corser, David S. Dolloff, Levi » . Downina:. Daniel ( Eaton. Moses K.s Edmunds. Charles H. Emerson, John R.* Frazier, Lewis . Gale. Augustus L. Gale. Solomon G.10 George. Sullivan H. Haiues, James H. Haines, Thomas Harrington, David " Hobbs, Fernando " - Dnnharton . WeareWebster . Webster . Dunbarton . Hopkinton . Chichester . Plymouth . PlymouthHooksett WebsterConcord Goshen Bow . Webster Hopkinton Chichester Dnnharton . Concord Hopkinton . Concord Plymouth . Hopkinton . Hopkiuton . Chichester . Bow . Chichester . WebsterChichester . Dunbarton . Francestowll Hopkinton . Webster Waterville . Hopkinton. Dunbarton . Chichester . Dunbarton . Weare Pembroke . Pembroke . Goshen . Chichester . Chichester . Hopkinton . Warren I S4 24213421 IS IS 45 I Student Soldier Farmer Trader StudentStudentFarmerFarmer Carpenter Mill operative ShoemakerStudent . Farmer . Farmer . Farmer . Farmer . Carpenter Farmer . Farmer . Fanner . Farmer . Farmer . Farmer . Farmer . Farmer . Farmer . Fanner . Farmer . Painter . Former . Farmer . Fanner . Farmer . Farmer . Farmer . Fanner . Farmer . Farmer . Currier . Farmer . Shoemaker Harnessmaker Farmer . Farmer . Fanner . Farmer . Oct. 2, 1S62, Sept. 24, 1S62, Oct. 2, 1S02, Aug. 12, 1SS2 20, 1 S02 22. 1S02 13. 1862 21, 1S62 Aug. 14, 1S62. Sept. Aug. 2, ISO'2. 14. 1802, 22. 1S62. 25, 1S62, 19, 1S62, 15, 1S62. IS, ISrS. Aug. 21, 1S62 21.1862, 22, 1S62. 14, 1S62, 2. 1S62. 15, 1S62. 22, 1S62. 30. 1S62, 11. 1S62. 1. 1SS2, 19, 1S62. S. 1S62. 15, 1S02, 21, 1S62, 15. 1S62, IS, 1S62, 14, 1S62, 11. 1S02. 27. 1S62. 16, 1S62. 30, 1S62. 16, 1S02, 22, 1S62. 15. 1S62, 15, 1S52. IS. 1S62, 12. 1S62, 29. 1S02, 27, 1S02. 25, 1S62. Oct.Sept. Jau. July Sept. Aug. Septs Aug. Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. 2, 1S63. 25, 1S63. 15, 1S65. S, 1865. S, 1S65. S, ISiio. S, 1SB5. 8, 1865. July 8, 1S65. IS, 1865. S, 1865. Dec. 24, 1S64. May 3, 1S65. JulyMay July Oct. MayJuly June Mav Dee.JuueJuly July | MayJune July 8, 1SS5. 9, 1S03. S, 1S65. 18, 1S53. 10, 1S0.5. S, 1S05. S, 1865. 10, 1S63. 30, 1S65. le, 1S64. 21. 1S65. 20, 1S65. S, 1865. S. 1865. S. lSdo. S, 1865. 12, 1S64. 10, 1S6S. S, 1S65. i Des. Nov. 4, 1S63. 5 Table IV. 2 Table 11. s Des. Jan 11. 1S03. * Tables IL, III., VI. 7 Tables VI.. VIH. * Tables U., III. s Table HI., V. » Table III. I2 Tables in.. VI. » Tables III.. IV. » Table VIII. " Tr. to V. K. C. Sept. 14 Table VI. 30, 1S04. Table VHI. 396 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Table I. — Company H — Continued. Name. Residence. w> Occupation. Date of Enlistment. Date of Discbarge. Privates. Hurd, Ira. jun. . Sunapee . 27 Farmer . Aug. 20, 1862, July 8, 1865. Jefl'ers, Edward F. Webster . 37 Farmer . 11, 1862, May 15, 1865. Kane, James 1 . AValpole . 21 Sailor Oct. 8, 1862. Kelley, Richard1 Walpole . 26 Sailor . 8, 1862, Lndd, George W. Webster . 21 Farmer . Aug. 14, 1862, July 8, 1865. Lear, Edwin B. . Sunapee . 26 Butcher . 18, 1862, 8, 1865. Lear, George B. Goshen . 23 Blacksmith 18, 1862, 8, 1865. Libbey, George A.' Webster . 15 Shoemaker 16, 1862, 8, 1865. Libbey, William H. Concord . 18 Farmer . 12, 1862, 8, 1865. Lougee, Abner II. Campton . 42 Mechanic 9, 1862, Sept. 26, 1863. Macurdy, Matthew3 Webster . 21 Farmer . 11, 1862. Merrill, Artemas W. Plymouth . 29 Farmer . 16, 1862, July 8, 1865. Merrill, Luther G.4 Groton . 32 Farmer . 18, 1862. Mitchell, Lewis" Plymouth . 32 Farmer . 12, 1862. Moody, William H. Concord . 18 Farmer . 30, 1862, Sept. 24, 1863. Morse, John D." Campton . 22 Blacksmith 14, 1862, July 8, 1865. Moulton, Freeman2 Campton ¦ 44 Blacksmith 14, 1862, June 17, 1865. Nichols, Hiram 7 Hopkinton . 40 Farmer . 29, 1862. Parker, William P.» , Bow . • 19 Farmer . 22, 1862, July 8, 1865. Pare, Peter ° Canterbury ¦ 35 Shoemaker 27, 1862, 8, 1865. Perry, Joseph C.7 Chichester . 30 Farmer . 27, 1862. Perry, Samuel M. Chichester . 23 Farmer . 11, 1862, 8, 1865. Perkins, Joseph 0. . Chichester • 16 Farmer . 11, 1862, Dec. 28, 1864. Poor, Wilson E.» Dunbarton ¦ 22 Farmer . 14, 1862, July 8, 1865. Roby, Gardner7 Webster . 35 Farmer . 14, 1862. Rohy, George S. Webster . 29 Farmer . 14, 1862, 8, 1865. Russell, David 0. Bow . ¦ 44 Farmer . Sept. 1, 1862, 8, 1865. Saltmarsh, AlonzoP 10 Bow . . 18 Farmer . Aug. 20, 1862, 8, 1865. Sanborn, Henry M." Chichester . 19 Farmer . 11, 1862, 8, 1865. Smith, Laroy 7 . Concord . 19 Farmer . 30, 1862. Stanyan, James . Chichester . 24 Farmer . 11,1862, 8, 1865. Straw, Edgar H.7 Unity . . 18 Farmer . 28, 1862. Thompson, Hiram9 Webster . 42 Farmer . 9, 1862. Towle, Charles H.» Chichester . 18 Farmer . 30, 1862. Tucker, George W.3 Concord . 18 Farmer . 28, 1862. Varney, John S.2 Warren . 25 Shoemaker 14, 1862, 8, 1865. Varney, Richard* Warren . 21 Shoemaker 14, 1862. "Ward, James O.12 Campton . 18 Farmer . 14, 1862, 8, 1865. "Wheeler, Robert E." Dunbarton . 17 Farmer . 4, 1862, 8, 1865. Wilson, Leonard" Total . 86 Dunbarton . 20 Shoemaker 13, 1862, 8, 1865. Recruits. Alexander, Benjamin D. . Plainfield . 30 Laborer . Aug. 29, 1864, July 8, 1865. Axman, John ls . - 31 Sailor 20, 1863. Barrus, Otis A.4 Richmond . 19 Mechanic 2, 1864. Barrett, John L.4 Plainfield . 21 Laborer . 22, 1864. Bell, Robert,14 . New Londo n . 18 Farmer . March 14, 1864, Aug. July 15, 1865. Brown, Elbridge C. . Dunbarton . 18 Farmer . Aug. 22, 1864, 8, 1865. Brown, Charles1" North wood . 33 Farmer . Dec. 30, 1863. Brown, Joseph ]4 Farmington . 21 Druggist's el'k, Aug. 14, 1863. Burgess, Henry 18 22 Sailor 20, 1863. Carroll, James 10 - 22 Painter . 20, 1863. Cashman, John . Danbury . . 30 Laborer . 5, 1864, March 17. 1 Clode, Moliner17 - 35 Cook 20, 1863. Cochran, George S. . Sandown . . 18 Farmer . Jan. 4, 1864, July 8, 1865. Collins, Thomas13 . - 27 Tailor Aug. 20, 1863. 6, 1864. Clement, Charles N.2 Sunapee . 25 Farmer . May 18, 1865. Frothingham, George N. . - 20 Shoemaker 20, 1863, JulyApril 8, 1865. Garland, Alonzo E. . Middleton . . 18 Farmer . Jan. 4, 1864, 27, 1864. Hastimrs, Lyman B.2 Newport . 20 Farmer . Aug. 10, 1864. 20, 1863. Hood, Osborne 18 - 21 Sailor Hyer, Christian F.1' . Nortbwood . 22 Sailor Dec. 28, 1863. 1 Deserted Oct. 8, 1862. « Tables III., A 1. " Tr. V.K C.Aug 10,'64. i« Deserted Nov. 4, 1863. 2 Table VI. ' Tabic IV. 12 'I'ables IL, VI. VII. 17 Deserted .Turn 2, 1864. 3 Tables III,, V. "Table HI. 13 Deserted Marct 17, '64. " Deserted June 30,1864. 4 Table V. f Table VIII. " Table II. i° Deserted Jan. 23, 1864. " Table VH. 10 I'ables HI., A rill. « Deserted Marcl 12, '64. ORIGINAL ROSTER. 397 Table I. — Company H — Continued. Name. Residence. 6 Occupation. Date of Enlistment. Date of Discharge. Recruits. Ken net, John J . . . Wolfborougb. . 20 Laborer . Oct. 28, 1863. Kepugh, Lawrence . Lee 32 Marble pol'r . Aug. 14, 1863, July 1, 1865. Keegan, John 2 . Rochester . 21 Baker 12, 1S63. Lapoint, Franeia Dublin ¦21 Laborer . Sept. 26, 1863, 8, 1865. McCalley, John 3 Nottingham 22 Sailor Aug. 24, 1863. Mangan, Dennis - Keene . 19 Farmer . July 28, 1S64, 8, 1865. Marstin, George "W". . Marlow 19 Farmer . Aug. 15, 1864, 8, 1865. Moulton, Freeman L. Campton 18 Farmer . Sept. 13, 1864, 8, 1865. Norwood, John E.4 . Richmond . 17 Farmer . Jan. 4, 1S64, 8, 1865. Peters, Peter 22 Sailor Aug. 20, 1863, 8, 1865. Pierce, Edward E.2 . Langdon 19 Laborer . 2, 1864, 8, 1865. Simonns, William 3 . Northwood 2S Farmer . Dec. 28. 1863. Scrihins, Thomas L. Marlow 24 Laborer . July 30, 1864, 8, 1865. Shehan, William 3 - — 23 Sailor Aug. 20, 1863. Smith, Simeon C. Newport . 33 Jeweller . 10, 1864, 8, 1865. Waters, Silas 5 . Milton 25 Boatman . 14, 1863. Watson, Charles s _ _ 23 Sailor 20, 1863. "Welch, Morris 6 Rochester . 32 Laborer . 14, 1863. Weiss, Joseph 6 New Durham . 36 Laborer . 14, 1S63. Whitefield, G-eorge 7 Barrington . 33 Sailor 14, 1863. Wilder, Isaac s . New Durham 22 Sailor 14, 1863. Williams, John E. . Hampton Falls . 24 Shoemaker 22, 1864, 8, 1865. Williams, Simeon 3 . _ _ 19 Farmer . 20, 1863, 8, 1865. Winn, John Claremont . 20 Laborer . 24, 1864, 8, 1865. Total ... 44 Aggregate . 130 COMPANY I. Sylvester M. Bugbee, Capt. Cornish 39 Carriage-maker Aug. 2, 1862, Dee. 17, 1862. Wm. H. Chaffin, Captfi . Claremont . 23 Student . Jan. 11, 1863. Nath'l L. Chandler, 1st Ltf Newbury . 29 Merchant Aug. 12, 1862. Dudley J. Pillsbu y,2dLt.i Grantham . 26 Farmer . 18, 1862. Sergeants. Asa W. Richardson, 1st9 . Cornish 39 Carriage mix., Aug. 21, 1862, July 27, 1S65. Henry S. Paul 10 Claremont . 24 Clerk 14, 1862. Ransom Huntoon 4 . Unity . 26 Farmer . 12, 1862, 26, 1S65. Thomas J. Morrill u Grantham . 23 Farmer . 20, 1862, 8, 1865. William W. Page " . Newport 31 Rake manuf. . Sept. 11, 1862. Corporals. Benjamin F. Pierce ** Bradford . 30 Engineer. Aug. 22, 1862, June 2, 1865. Horace F. Brown 1S . Grantham . 22 Farmer . 21, 1S62. Ezekiel H. Hadley . Washington 24 Blacksmith 19, 1S62, Aug. 7, 1885. Peter Crowell . Newport 33 Farmer . 23, 1862, June 23. 1865. Hiram K. Darling u . Croydon 20 Mechanic 30, 1S62, July 8, 1865. Daniel C. Currier Grantham . 21 Farmer . 20, 1S62, 8, 1865. Sylvester Tasker ls . Cornish 21 Farmer . 20, 1862. George S. Jones "¦ . Washington 15 No occupation, 21, 1862, 8, 1S65. MnsiciANS. i Levi Leet 14 Claremont . 44 Laborer . Aug. 13, 1862, June 23, 1863. Eben W. Parker « . Whitefield . 36 Farmer . 22, 1862, July 8, 1S65. Wagoner. Jason A. Perkins Newbury . 34 Blacksmith . Sept. 17, 1862, June 8, 1865. 1 Deserted March 12, '64. ' Table VI. 8 Deserted March 17, '64. * Tables II., VI. " Table V. • Tables in., VHI. ls Tables H., V. " Deserted Nov. 3, '63. M Tables III., V. "Table VIH. i Table IV. " Table III. « Table II. " Tables HI., IV. 12 Tables IH., VI. 398 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Table I. — Company I — Continued. Name. Residence. < Occupation. Date of Enlistment. Date of Discharge. Privates. Ahbott, Willis S.1 . Unity . 43 Farmer . Sept. 30, 1862, May 3, 1865. Bailey, Cyrus S. . . Bradford . 16 Farmer . 22, 1862, July 8, 1865. Barker, Frederick L.2 Claremont . 36 Farmer . 25, 1862, 8, 1865. Barton, Ziba C.2 Newport . 18 Operative Aug. 30,1862, 8, 1865. Benway, Reuben T.s . Cornish 19 Farmer . 20, 1862. Bowler, John Claremont . 23 Operative 29, 1862, 9, 1863. Bowker, Charles S.* . Washington 28 Laborer . Sept. 15, 1862, 8, 1865. Borden, Albert " Newport . 25 Mechanic Aug. 25, 1862. Borden, Edear" Newport . 20 Mechanic 27, 1862, 8, 1865. Burr, Versal E." Cornish 34 Farmer . Sept. 21, 1862. Cammett, Charles 0. Unity . 21 Blacksmith 25, 1862. 8, 1865. Chapman, James H.1 Cornish 40 Farmer . Aug. 26, 1862, 8, 1865. Clough, Francis S." . Grantham . 20 Farmer . 18, 1862. Clouyh, Newton 7 Grantham . 22 Farmer . 18, 1862, May 22, 1865. Colburn, Walter F. . Newbury . 42 Stone-mason . Sept. 23, 1862, 31, 1865. Collins, Edward W." Cornish 44 Shoemaker Aug. 22, 1862, Oct. 5, 1863. Cram, George F. Newport . 37 Farmer . 30, 1862, July 8, 1865. Crowell, Jonathan " . Newport . 37 Farmer . 28, 1862. Cumings, Charles B.8 Cornish 21 Farmer . 22, 1862, 8, 1865. Currier, Henry H.3 . Newport . 21 Farmer . 23, 1862. Dickey, Joseph A." . Claremont . 26 Farmer . Sept. 10, 1862, 8, 1865. Dodge, Simeon S.1 . Newbury . 38 Carpenter Aug. 12, 1862, May 18, 1865. Dudley, Winthrop C. Newbury . 39 Farmer . Sept. 23, 1862, July 8, 1865. Edminster, Thomas B.3 . Cornish 22 Farmer . Aug. 21, 1862. Fitch, Luther J. Newport . 42 Blacksmith 27, 1862, 17, 1865. Foster, Charles E.1" . Acworth 23 Merchant Sept. 10, 1862, June 26, 1865. Gault, John S." . Grantham . 42 Farmer . Aug. 21, 1862, July 8, 1865. Gillingham, Oliver P. Claremont . 40 Farmer . 27, 1862, Feb. 5, 1863. Hardy, William" Goshen 41 Mechanic Sept. 15, 1862, July 8, 1865. Haven, Abiel L.11 Newport 35 Mechanic Aug. 25, 1862, June 18, 1865. Hibbard, John B. . Cornish 21 Farmer . 23, 1S62, May 29, 1S63. Hoban, Patrick . Claremont . 23 Paper-maker . 25, 1862, June 8, 1865. Howard, Waldo L.1 . Cornish 21 Carriage-maker 21, 1862, July 8, 1865. Howard, Wilbur F.12 Cornish 22 Farmer . 21, 1862, Jan. 6, 1865. Howe, Calvin L.13 Washington 32 Laborer . Sept. 13, 1862. Hoyt, Christopher3 . Washington 21 Farmer . Aug. 22, 1862. Hunter, Harlan P. Cornish 17 Farmer . 25, 1862, March 2, i Hurley, Martin V. B. Claremont . 25 Wheelwright . 25, 1862, June 15, 1865. Knights, Alonzo14 . Cornish 26 Farmer . 21, 1862, July 8, 1865. Lane, Marcus M.1B . ¦ Cornish 22 Farmer . 22, 1862, June 2, 1865. Leavitt, Charles H.3 . Grantham . 18 Farmer . 22, 1862. Lewis, William S.3 . Cornish 29 Painter . 23, 1862. Mace, Henry C.8 Meriden 19 Farmer . 23, 1862, July 8, 1865. McMaban, John Lancaster . 25 Laborer . Sept. 15, 1862, 8, 1865. MeMaban, Michael . Charlestown 45 Laborer . Aug. 15, 1862, May 18, 1865. Marshall, Eugene 0." Bradford . 18 Farmer . 18, 1862. Miller, Jonathan, jun.1 Meriden 21 Farmer . 14, 1862, July 8, 1865. Miller, Wareham M." Grantham . 18 Farmer . 25, 1862. Page, John M.lc Newport 27 Mechanic Sept. 4, 1862, 8, 1865. Peck, Philander H." . Newport . 20 Farmer . Aug. 28, 1862. Pike, Clarence F. Newport . 23 Farmer . 23, 1862, Feh. 29, 1864. Powers, Elias F.3 Croydon . 18 Farmer . 18, 1862. Robbins, David Z. . Newport 18 Operative Sept. 27, 1862, March 27, i Saunders, Lyman P. Grantham . 33 Blacksmith Aug. 21, 1862, July 8, 1865. Short, John N. . Plainfield . 44 Farmer . 24, 1862, Feb. 28, 1863. Stockwell, Charles H. Newport 18 Farmer . 30, 1862, July 8, 1865. Stoddard, Hezekiah 18 Stewartstown . 42 Farmer . 14, 1862, June 25, 1865. Stone, Hiram " . Cornish . 38 Farmer . 22, 1862. Stowell, Freeman 8.1 Washington 26 Farmer . 13, 1862, July 8, 1865. Stowell, George H.8 . Claremont . 20 Miller 22, 1862, 8, 1865. Tasker, George1" Croydon 20 Farmer . 20, 1862, June 8, 1865. Wallace, William" . Newport 27 Mechanic 30, 1862, July 8, 1865. Welch, William 12 . Lempster . 60 Lumberman . 21, 1862, 8, 1865. 1 Table II. 2 Table VI. 3 Table IV. « Table VIII. " Table V. " Table VHI. 7 Tahle III. " TableB II., III. " Tables II. , VIII. ¦» Tr. V.R.C. Feh. 1, ¦' Tables IL, IH. 11 Tr. V.R.C. Aug. 10,'^ 12 Tables IL, VI. 13 Dee. Oct. 16, 1862. , " Tables IL, VII. i" Tables HI., VI. " Tables IIL, VII. 18 Tr. V. R. C. Nov. 12, 1863. Table H. 19 Tahle VU. ORIGINAL ROSTER. 399 Table I. — Company I — Continued. Name. Residence. in Occupation. Date of Enlistment. Date of Discbarge. Privates. Whltaker, Benjamin t Grantham . 18 Farmer . Aug. 19,1862, July 8, 1865. Woodbury, Albert . Bradford . 39 Farmer . 22, 1862, 8, 1865. Woodward, Charles a Cornish 20 Farmer . 28, 1862, 8, 1865. Total ... 86 Recruits. Aehey, John Charlestown 19 Farmer . Jan. 6, 1864, July 8, 1865. Ashey, Lewis . Charlestown 29 Farmer . 5, 1864, 8, 1865. Belanger, Alphonzo3 Piermont . 21 - - Sept. 29, 1S63. Brown, Charles* Seabrook . 35 Sailor Dec. 28, 1863, Brown, George . Seabrook . 32 Farmer . 30, 1863, 8, 1865. Butler, Joseph " CharleBtown 34 Laborer . Jan. 5, 1864. Brown, Thomas 21 Sailor Aug. 20, 1863, 8, 1865. Brohn, Carl "... Langdon 29 Laborer . 2, 1864. Choate, Thomas * Bradford . 18 Farmer . MarchU, iv.i. Dow, Newell F.* Seabrook . 18 Shoemaker Dec. 30, 1863. Elson, Alfred « . _ . 25 Waiter . Aug. 20, 1S63. Foss, Walter II. Hanover 44 Farmer . -Tan. 4, 1864, Feb. 24, 1865. Gove, Charles R. Seabrook . . 17 Shoemaker i >cc. 30, 1864, July 8, 1865. Hall, Levi D., jun.3 . Claremont . 33 Farmer Jan. 4, 1864, 8, 1865. Jones, Henry 7 . NelBon 22 Seaman . Sept. 24, 1863. Martin, Georgo8 Snraersworth 22 Engineer . . Aug. 14, 1863. Mehier, Peter" . Chichester . 30 Farmer . Dec. 29, 1863. Miller, Theodore Cornish 16 - Sept, 4, 1863, June 8, 1865. Mullen, Hugh" Portsmouth 21 Moulder . Aug. 3, 1864, July 8, 1865. Murphy, John " . Ho Id ern ess 25 Laborer . 5, 1864. Osgood, William T.» Seabrook . 28 Farmer . Dec. 30, 1863, June 27, 1865. Oliver, Mitchell 12 . Charlestown 32 Farmer . 29, 1863, May 29, 1S65. O'Brien, Cornelius . Newmarket 21 Teamster . Aug. 5. 1864, July 6, 1S65. PeaBley, George W.10 Washington 27 Shoemaker Dec. 16, 1S63, 8, 1865. Peters, George 13 Portsmouth 24 Seaman . 29, 1883. Pream, Lewis li 36 Sailor Aug. 20, 186:!. Rider, Thomas ls - 25 Clerk 20, 1863. Roch, John 1B . . . Farmington 22 Ironworker 14, 1S63. Rosealine, Devine ln . - - 20 Tailor 21, 1863 Sanborn, William H.* Seabrook . 30 Farmer . Dec. 30, 1863. Shellan, Morris" Newmarket 21 Laborer . Aug. 5, 1864. Stanley, Clarence17 . - 20 - - 5, 1864, June 6, 1S65. Stanley, George Middleton . 22 - 14, 1863. Smith, Arthur T.2 . Somersworth 21 Carriage-maker 14, 1863, July 8, 1865. Smith, Peter - 22 Sailor 20, 1863, 8, 1865. Sliter, Charles13 Portsmouth 19 Seaman . Dec. 29, 1863. Taylor, John « . Middleton . 23 Carpenter Aug. 14, 1863. Watson, William H. H.* . Effingham . 20 Shoemaker Jan . 4, 1804. Wilson, Otto* . 21 Sailor . Aug. 20, 1863. Total ... 39 Aggregate . 125 COMPANY K. Oliver H. Marston, Capt.la Sandwich . 24 Pail manuf'r. . Aug 14, 1862, July 8, 1865. Jason D. Snell, 1st Lt.* . Pembroke . 21 - - 14, 1862. M. S. Webster, 2d Lt.19 . Sandwich . 38 Machinist 14, 1862. Sergeants. James H. Gilman, 1st,12 . Sandwich . 35 Farmer . Aug. 14, 1862, July 8, 1865. Octavius C. Mason la Sandwich , 30 Furniture deal. 14, 1862, 8, 1865. James M. Parrott Sandwich . 23 Farmer . 16, 1862, 8, 1S65. Benjamin C. Skinner20 . Sandwich . 32 Tailor . 15, 1862, 8, 1S65. John M. Prentiss Pembroke . 28 Trader . 13, 1862, May 16, 1865. i Tahles II., III., VI. " Absent sick July 8, '65. 12 Table VI. 17 Absent in arrest for do- 2 Tahle II 7 Deserted Dec. 25, 1863. 13 Deserted Jan. 29, 1864. sertlon July 8, 1865. 3 Absent sick July 8, '65. « Deserted Nov. 5, 1863. " Deserted Nov. 13, 1863. Table VI Table VI » Tables IV., VII. is Deserted Nov. 2, 1868. « Tables HI., \ I. ' Table IV ' 10 Tublo III. " Deserted Nov. 6, 1863. » Tables IIL, V. » Deserted March 14, '64. « Tables VII., VIII. 20 Table VIII. 400 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Table I. — Company K — Continued. ^Name. Residence. j u [ Occupation. Date of Enlistment. Date of Discharge. Corporals. 1 Occanns Straw 1 Sandwich . 38 Farmer . Aag. 14, 1862. Jeremiah S. "Smith % . Sandwich . 30 Shoemaker 14,1862, JnDe 2, 1885. IvUt9.sr.' II (fraves . Sandwich . 42 Farmer . 14, 1862, Apri 6, 1863. Lemuel F. Vittnm 3 . Sandwich . S3 Farmer . 14, 1862, July 8, 1865. George N". French * . Sandwich . 21 Farmer . 22, 1862, June 30, 1865. Enoch 8. Eastman . Tarn worth . •24 Wheelwright . 14, 1862, Sept. 7, 1863. Daniel R. Gilman Sandwich . 22 Farmer . 14, 1862, July 8, 1865. Samuel F. Beede 5 . Sandwich . 22 Student . 6, 1862, May 24, 1865. Musiciass. J. Marcel las Smith* . Sandwich . 17 Shoemaker Aug. 14,1862, July 9,1865. John L. Smith . Sandwich . 17 Blacksmith . 14, 1862, 8, 1865. Wagotteb. Benjamin F. Sawtejle 8 . Sandwich . 29 Teamster Aug. 15,1862. Privates. Adams, Thomas S.6 . Moul tonborough, IS Farmer . Aug. 13, 1862. Atwood, Harrison, 2d 1 . Sandwich . 26 Farmer . 14, 1862. Atwood, John . Sandwich . 35 ! Farmer . 14, 1862, July 8,1865. Baker, Benjamin Pembroke . 2S Farmer . 14, 1862, 8,1865. Baker, Hazen O-1 . Pembroke . 37 Joiner 13, 1862. Bennett, Amos W. . Sandwich . 28 Shoemaker 14, 1862, Feb. 14,1863. Bennett, William H. H.3 . Sandwich . 21 Shoemaker 14, 1862, 8,' 1865. Bigelow, John C.7 Sandwich . 18 Farmer . 14, 1862, 15, 1865. Blake, Henry F .6 Pembroke . 18 Farmer . 13, 1862. Blood, Herman . Pembroke . IS Farmer . 22, 1862, 8, 1865. Brown. Warren J.3 . Sandwich . 21 Farmer . 21. 1862, May 23, 1865. Bryant, Silas J.s Sandwich . 35 Farmer . 14, 1862. Chase, James E. Sandwich . 19 Farmer . 14, 1862, July 8, 1865. Cofran, Charlea N.» . Pembroke . 23 Farmer . 13, 1862, 8, 1865. Cofran, George B.1 . Pembroke . 26 Farmer . 13, 1862. Cook, Jesse H. . Sandwich . 34 Farmer . 15, 1862, May 3, 1865. Dale, Ebenezer H.1 . Sandwich . 23 Farmer . 15, 1862. Dolby, Albert T.» . Pembroke . 41 Farmer . 15, 1862, June 12,1865. Drew, Simon l . Pembroke . 18 Farmer . 14, 1862. Drnker, Henry10 Pembroke . 44 Farmer . 22, 1862. Dustin. EzekielE. . Sandwich . 35 Farmer . 15, 1862, July 8, 1865. E"tes, Benjamin 9 Sandwich . ¦12 Farmer . 14, 1S62, 8, 1S65. E-ne*. William H. . Sandwich . 22 Farmer . 15, 1862, 22, 1863. Fellows, Benjamin F.3 Sandwich . 23 Farmer . 14, 1S62, 8,1865. Fife, Thomas H." . Pembroke . 23 Farmer . 13, 1862. Fowler, Trueworthy 5 Pembroke . 19 Farmer . 13, 1S62, *8, 1865. Fry. John .... Sandwich . 22 Farmer . 15, 1S62, Oct. 2, 1863. Glidden, George M.u Pembroke . 18 Farmer . 15, 1S62. Glidden, Warren A. . Pembroke . 19 Farmer . 15, 1862, July 8, 1865. Gobs, John W. . Sandwich . 31 Farmer . 14, 1862, 8, 1865. Gove, John M.3 . Sandwich . 18 Farmer . 14, 1862, 8, 1865. Haddock, Georg ¦ 9 . Sandwich . 39 Boatman . 13,1862, May 23, 1865. ITadley, Alonzo C.1- . Sandwich . 23 Farmer . 14, 1862. Haegett, Benjamin B.13 . Pembroke . 20 Farmer . 14, 1S62, 20, 1865. Haggett, Lorenzo D.G Sandwich . 19 I Farmer . 14, 1862. Haggett, Stephen X.9 Sandwich . 21 Farmer . 22, 1862, 1 Feb. 9, 1863. Hill, John D. H. Sandwich . 26 Farmer . 14, 1862, ! June 5, 1865. Huntress, Andrew . Sandwich . 27 Farmer . 15, 1S62, Julv 8, 1865. Huntress, Joseph L.6 Sandwich . 35 Farmer . 15, 1862. Kelley, Ellery C.9 . Pembroke . IS Farmer . 14, 1862, Oct. 7, 1863. K nt, John Sandwich . 40 Farmer . 18, 1862, July 8, 1865. Ma^oun, Asa - . . . Sandwich . 36 Farmer . 14, 1862, June 6, 1865. Mooney. I*aac G. Sandwich . 44 Farmer . 15, 1862, July 8, 1865. Morse, John H. . Sandwich . 23 Farmer . 15, 1862, April 15, 1864. Moulton. Henry H. . Sandwich . 10 Farmer . 19, 1862, July 8, 1865. Nelson, John XV.2 Pembroke . 27 Farmer . 22, 1862, May 12, 1865. Page, Henry P." Centre Harbor . 23 Student . 22, 1S62, 15, 1865. Pearl, James V>~.° Sandwich . 3d j Farmer . 18, 1862, Dec. 26, 1864. 1 Table V. 2 Tables VI.. 3 Table III. < Table H. VIH. 6 Table*- TIL, VI. « Table IV. 7 Deserted. » Tables III., Vm. » Tahle VIH. m Deserted Nov. 13, '63. " Tr. Navy, Jnne 30, '64. la .Table VI. Table Vin. » Tables H., HL « Tables m., IV. ORIGINAL ROSTER. 401 Table I. — Company K — Continued. Name. Residence. 9tic .C, May 20 to June 211, 18113. On stall' llilg..Uon. Marlliulale, mllllnry governor, Washington, 11. 0., June 2!> to Nov. 7, 1803. Aellng assistant ad]utant-gtneral, dlslrlet of Carrollton, La., A pell 23 to May 31, 1SII4. A. A.o\.(l., 1st brig., 2d div., 10th A. C, June 21) to bee. 2H, 1S04. At draft rendezvous, Trenton, N.J., Jan. 22 to Marelt li, 1865. Commissary department under Capt. Goddard, Oct., 1803. Brlgndo teamster, Aug., 1804. COMPANY D. Caloh W. Hodgdon John N. Bruco John W. Looko Josiah Govo . Benlo, Sumnor Breed, Enooh W. . Ooult, Stephen 0. . Day, Henry C. Halnday, lleorge O. Swett, lleorge W. . Terrlll, Benjamin F. Wlgglo, Thomas J. General oourt-martlal, Washington, D.O., July 11, 1SH3; judgo-advo- eale, April 1 to Sept. 21, 18114. Chief military doteollves, Washington, D.C., from Dee. 1, 1S03, lo Feb. 21, 1 MlVl . Ordnance ollleer, stall' lien. D. 0. Roberts, Cur roll- ton, La., Mav and June, 1SI14. Military detective, Washington, D.O., from Doo. 1, 1803, to Fob. 21, 1804. Clerk, general oourt-martlnl, Washington. 11. C, July, 1803; olork, A. A. A. G., 1st brig., 2d div., llith A.C., Morganzia, La., July, 1864. Mounted orderly, Gon. Martlndnlo's headquarters, Washington, D.C., Sept. 17. 1803. Clerk, district of Carrollton, Ln., May and June, 1804. 11 nerd, brigade headquai'ters, from Aug., 1804, to Juno, 1805. Cook, brigade headquarters, Aug., 1804. Teamster, supply-train, Aug., 1804. Guard, provost-marshal's ofllee, Washington, D.O., 1808. Cook, brigade hindquarters, from Nov., 1HH4. Clerk, oxamlnlng-bottrd signal-corps, Washington, D.O., May 12, 1803. COMPANY E. William Cobloigh Franklin Whoolor Folsom, Stephen P. Lary, Androw J. . Gonoral court-martial, Washington, D.O., May to July, 1803; noting adjutant, July 15 to Deo. 8, 1804. Acting nsslstant quartermaster, oamp distribution, Savannah, Ga.. Fob. 10 to Juno 23, 1805. At Soldiers' Best, Washington, D.O., In 1803. At Soldiers' Best, olght months. COMPANY F. Theodoro A. Rlploy Goorgo G. Martin . Farr, Wesley O. . Holbrook, Oeorgo B. Stotldard, James R. Ward, George P. . Wright, L. Warren Rooruitlng-sorvlco, Doo. 14, 1803. On Oen. B. S. Roberts's staff, Car rollton, La., May to Juno, 1864. A.A.I.G. on Oen. Blruo's stall', Aug. 18 to Sept. 20, 1804. Recrultlng-sorvioo, Doo. 14, 1803. Reorultlng-sorvloo, Deo. 14, 1808. Clerk at brlgndo headquartors, Fob., 1804, to July, 1806. Reoniltlngservlco, Deo. 14, 1868. Guard at lien. Graver's bondquurtors, Dee., 1804, to June, 1805. Acting provost-marshal, Carrollton, La., May, 1804. SPECIAL DETAILS. 405 Table II. — Continued. COMPANY G. Name. Nature of Detail. Solon A. Carter C. Fred Weustor . Spenoor L. Bailey . Flavel L, Tolman . John W. Sturtovant James W. Russell . Edward B. Howard Samuel L. Gerould Allen, Calvin, jun. Frost, John Greenwood, Leroy P. Hill, Horace J. Jillson, Almon L. Lettenmayor, Otto Morey, Alhort L. Porker, William H Pierce, Albert S. Robb, William P. Ryan, John Soott, Jaraos H. Willard, Lucius S. Wright, Daidol Reoruitlng-servlee at Concord, N.H., July, 1803. A. A. A. G., staff Brlg.-Gen. Edward W. lllnks. Acting adjutant, Nov. 0, 1802; acting quartermaster, Nov. 18, 1802, to Oot. 25, 1863. Brig. Q. M., Carrollton, La., May, 1864. Post Q.M., Morganzia, La., Juno 10 to July 5, 1S64. In charge wagon-train, 2d div., lilth A. C, Sept. and Oct., 1S64. Assistant post Q. M., Savannah, Ga., March 20 to July 8, 1865. A. A.C. S., Grover's brigade, Adder Hill, Md., Nov. 1, 1862. Central Guard-House, Washington, D.C., July, 1863. With Co. E, Pioneers, 1st brig., 2d div., 19th A.C, Sept., 1864. Command detachment Sixth-street Wharf, Washington, H.C., Mny 9 to Nov. 8, 1S03. Adjutant provost marshal's office, Washington, D.C., Nov. 8, 1S6S, to Feb. 6, 1884. A.D.C., staff Brig.-Gen. B. 8. Roberts, Carrollton, La., April, 1804. Provost-marshal, distriot Carrollton, La., Mav, 1864. A. A. C. S., 1st brig., 2d div., 19th A.C. June, 1865, Savannah, Ga. On duty at draft-rendezvous, New Haven, Conu., Feb., March, and April, 1805. Clerk, general court-martial, Washington, D.C., Oct. 2, 1803, to Feh. 9, 1865. Signal-corps, Poolesville, Md., Deo. 24, 1862. Clerk, brig. A. C. S., Poolesville, Md., April 18, 1863. City polioo, Savannah, Ga., from April 8 to June 6, 1865. Orderly at court-martial rooms, Washington, D.O., Oct. 21, 1863, to Dec. 18, 1863. Messenger quartermaster-general's office, Deo. 19, 1863, to June 12, 1885. Sharpshooter during the Valley campaign, 1864. Orderly at ordnanoe-omee, Savannah, Ga., June, 1865. Bugler, and at FInloy Hospital, Washington, D.O., Oct., 1863. Cook, brlgndo headquarters. Orderly, Seven th-street oourt-martlal rooms, Washington, D.C, 1S63. Orderly, headquarters district Carrollton, La., April, 1864. Orderly, Gen. Augur's headquarters, Washington, D.C, April, 1803. Hooker's headquarters to April 23, 1865. Orderly, headquarters 1st brig., 2d div., 19th A.C, Nov. 27 to Deo. 24, 1864. Signal-corps, Poolesville, Md., Dec. 24, 1S62. Ambulance-drivor, April, 1863. Orderly, headquarters 2d div., 19th A. C, Savannah, Ga., May, 1865. Military detective, Washington, D.C, Oct., 1S03, and Savannah, Ga., June, 1865. Clerk, oamp distribution, Alexandria, Va., Sept., 1864, to June, 1S65. Teamster, headquarters 1st brig., 2d div., 19th A. C, 1864 and 1865. COMPANY H. Walter H. Sargent . David A . Macurdy . Marous M. Holmes . George F. Blanobard Bell, Robort . Brown, Joseph Chamberlain, Alonzo P. Emerson, John R. . Nonvood, John K. . Ward, James O. Reoruitlng-servlee at Conoord, N.H., July 3, 1863. Acting quartermaster, provisional battalion, Aug., 1804. Command refugee-camp, Savannah, Ga., Jan. to July, 1805. Central Guard-House, Washington, D.C. Duty at headquarters Washburn's brigade, Savannah, Ga., Juno Clerk, headquarters IVpt. of the South, Savannah, Ga., June 10, 1806. Ward assistant, AlcClcllau Hospital, Philadelphia, Jan. 23 to May 3U, 1805. Guard at Gen. Birge's headquarters, Aug., 1864. Camp distribution, Savannah, Ga., May 10 to July 6, 1865. Guard at War Department, Washington, D.C, July, 1868. 406 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Table II. — Concluded. COMPANY I. Name. Nature of Detail. Ransom Huntoon . George H. Stowell . Cumings, Charles B. Benjamin Whittaker William Wallace . Henry C. Mace Eben W. Parker . Chapman, James H. Dodge, Simeon S. . Foster, Charles E. . Hall, Levi D., jun. . Howard, Waldo L. Howard, Wilbur F. Miller, Jonathan, jun. Smith, Arthur T. . Woodward, Charles Command guard Sanitary Commission, Washington, D.C, July 9 to Sept. 9, 18(33. Recruiting-service, Concord, N.H., July 20, 1863, to Jan. 29, 1864. Military detective, Washington, D.C, Dec. 1, 1863. Sharpshooter, Sept , 1864. Detached duty, Concord, N.H., Feh. 22, 1S64. Guard, brigade headquarters, Savannah, Ga., Jan. to June, 1S65. To organize drum-corps, 2d U. S. C.T., Washington, Dec, Sept., 1863. Ambulance-corps, Oct. 20, 1864. Carpenter at headquarters district of Carrollton, La., May, 1864. Provost-marshal's office, Washington, D.C, July, 1863, to Feb., 1864. Cook, headquarters 1st brig., 2d div., 19th A.C, July, 1S64, to July, 1865. Orderly, military commission, Washington, D.C, 1863. Orderly, military commission, Washington, D.C, Dec. 7, 1863. Clerk, military commission, Jan. 4 to Feb. 7, 1864. Clerk, brigade headquarters, Carrollton, La., April 10 to June 7, 1864. Clerk, brigade headquarters, Shenandoah Valley, Aug. 17 to Oct, 19, 1 864. Clerk in P. O., Savannah, Ga., Feb. to July, 1865. Guard, headquarters 1st div., 19th A. C, Jan. 4 to June, 1865. COMPANY K. George N. French . J. MarcelluB Smith . Fellows, Benjamin F, Fowler, Trueworthy Page, Henry P. Clerk, headquarters 1st div., Dept. W. Va., Feb. 8, 1862, to Feb. 26, 1864. Headquarters military district, Washington, D.C, Feb. 26, 1864, to May 6, 1865. War Dept., A.G.O., May 6, 1865, till discharge. Musician, U. S. General Hospital, Claysville, Md., Nov. 8, 1864. Detective, Washington, D.C, Dec. 1, 1863. Special police, Carroll ton, La., May 16, 1864. Post-Office clerk, Savannah, Ga., Feb. 1, 1865. Mail-messenger, Gen. Grover's headquarters, April 10, 1865. Commandant of guard, Camp McClellan, Davenport, la., Oct. 7, 1864. PROMOTIONS. 407 TABLE IU. PROMOTIONS. FIELD, STAFF, AND NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. NAME. Promotions and Datos of Same. Samuel A. Duncan Alexander Gardiner William H. Bryant. Albert F. Hnssev . George D. Richardson Colonel 4th TL S.C.T., Sept. 4, 1S6S. Brigadier-General by brevet, Oct. 2S, 1S64. Major-General by brevet, March IS, 1S65. Major, Sept. 12, 1883. Colonel, Sept. 12, 1S64. Second Lieut., Co. D. Sept. 20, '63. First Lieut., Co. H, Feb. 19, '64. First Lieut., Co. K, Nov. 22, 1S64. First Lieut., Co. B, Jan. 4, 1864. COMPANY Charles P. Hall, 1st Li ait. See&eants. Russell F. Smith . Jesse A. Fisk CORPORALS. Holland "Wheeler . Charles C. Wilson . Jewett P. Welhnan Musician. Henry II. Staples . Privates. Brock, Charles E. . Carroll, Horace Greenwood, E. Tyler Hall, Franklin J. . Holden, Leonard S. Holt, Samuel P. King, John I*. . Knowlton, Lnke, .inn. Leach, Samuel I. . Lewis, George W. . Usoom, L. Frank . Mason, James B. . Peeler, Charles A. . Pierce, Almon G. . Wardwell, George O. "Welch, Michael Captain, Oo. C, Feb. 30, 1S64. Second Lieut, Co. D, Feb. 26, 1S64 Captain, Co. B, April 21, 1S65. Not mustered. Second Lieut., Co. K, Jan. 12, 1S64. First Lieut, Co. K, May 27, '64. Sergeant, Jan. 27, 1864. Sergeant, Feb. 27, 1864. Sergeant, May 1, 1S65. Principal mnsician, Oct. SI, 1S64. Corporal. July 1, 1864. Corpora], May 1, ISn^. Corporal, Jan. 2S, 1S6S. Corporal, April 1, 1S65. Corporal, Not. 2S, 1S64. Sergeant, April 11, 1S65. Corporal, July 1, 1864. Corporal, Oct. 6, 1S62. Sergeant, July 1, 1S64. Sergeant-Mai or, Dec 1, 1S64. First Lieut., Co. C, Jan. 4, 1S65. Corporal, Nov. 1, 1864. Corporal, 1S64. Corpora], Feb. 27. 1SS4. Sereeant, Oct. 1, 1S64. Corporal, May 1, IS 64. Sergeant, Dec. 1, 1864. First Sergeant, April Transferred and promoted to First Lieut., SlstU. S. C. T., Feb. 14, 1S64. Corporal, July 1, 1864. Corporal, Jan. 27, 1864. First Sergeant, Oo. C, May 1, 1864. Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865. Corporal, May 1, 1S65. Charles K. Holbrook, id Li. S"KKGKAXTS. Henry K. Barrett , 1st . Henry Knight ... COMPANY B. First Lieut., May 5, 1S8S. Second T.icnt... April 4, 1S6S. First Sergeant, May 1, 1S6S. 408 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Table III. — Company B — Continued. Name. Promotions and Dates of Same. Corporals. Austin H. Wolf Sergeant, May 1, 1883. First Sergeant, Feb. 1, 1865. Albert H.Tyrell . Sergeant, May 1, 1863. Privates. Adams, Norman L. Corporal, April 14, 1864. Brown, Charles JEL . Corporal, May 1. 1865. Brackett, Freeman E. . Corporal, April 22, 1864. Leland, Van Buren Corporal, Jan. 1, 1863. Marshall, Harlan P. Corporal, June 1, 1865. Sherman, George A. Corporal, May 1, 1863. Sergeant, Feb. 1, 1865. Spoons r, Stephen A. Snepard, Harvey E. Corporal, May 1, 1863. Corporal, June 19, 1864. Templeman, Elnathan ft. Corporal, Feb. 1, 1865. COMPANY C. Ira Berry, jun., 1st Lt. . Carroll D. Wright, 2d Lt. Sergeants. Daniel K . Healey . J. Henry Jenks Luther M. Parker . George H. Stone Corporals. Reuben H. Combs . Ceylon 8. Davis George W. Felcb . Privates. Barber, John . Collins, William . Gilmore, Charles G. Holman, Thomas F. Rust, Nathaniel P. . "Ward, Harrison R. Wbitcomh, Wright Captain, Co. H, Oct. 1, 1863. Adjutant, Dec. 4, 1863. Colonel, Dec. 6, 1864. Second Lieut., 6th U. S. C. T., Aug. 27, 1863. First Lieut., 6th U. S. C. T., Oct. 13, 1864. Sergeaut-Major, Sept. 20, 1863. First Sergeant, Nov. 20, 1864. Second Lieut., Co. I, Oct. 30, 1863. First Lieut., Co. I, May 27, 1864. Sergeant, Jan. 17, 1864. Sergeant, June 15, 1853. First Sergeant, June 12, 1864. Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864. Sergeant, Jan. 17, 1864. Corporal, Jan. 17, 1864. Corporal, Oct. 1, 1864. Corporal, June 15, 1863. Corporal, March 1, 1865. Corporal, Sept. 20, 1863. COMPANY D. Stark Fellows, 1st Lt. Sergeants. Elhridge D. Hadley, 1st John N. Brace Joseph V. Bowie . Corporals. John W. Locke . . Moses Wadleigh Thomas J. Wiggin . Privates. Beckman, Francis . Bruce, John R. Chase, Derwin \V. . Collins, Augustine W. . Cllly, Otis G. . Hastings, Charles . Titcomh, Henry n. Wilson, Stephen M. Colonel, 2d H. S. C. T., Sept. 4, 1863. Second Lieut., Co. F, Feb. 12, 1864. First Lieut., Co. F, July 6, 1864. Not mustered. Captain by brevet, July 24, 1868. First Lieut., Co. C, Oct. 1, 1863. Captain, Co. E, Jan. 4, 1865. First Sergeant, Feb. 27, 1864. Sergeant, Feh. 27, 1864. Sergeant, 1863. Com.-Sergeant, Feb. 1, 1865. Sergeant United States Signal-Corps, June 1, 1865. Corporal, Feh. 27, 1864. Sergeant, March 1, 1865. Corporal, Co. C, Jan. 1, 1864. Corporal.Corporal, Feb. 27, 1864. Corporal, April 1, 1863. Hospital Steward, March 1, 1865. Corporal, Oct. 31, 18'>4. Corporal, March 1, 1863. PROMOTIONS. 409 Taih.h 1 1 r. — — Continued. COMPANY m. JNamiu. Wllllnm Cnblolgh, Utlt HWIllll'IANTd. Frimlillit Wheeler, 1st lllrmn ,1. Hiitimln . Cinu'OiiAuB. 'I'lionnm .1, liiiry Diivlil H, llnrvoy . AVIIIItiiu A. Willi* . I'm va'I'UM. XtartleU, Geni'KoS.. Crawford, llrvmit K. Dow, AI.Mn A. Kunimmi, Ditrlun U. Kviiiih, H!il win If. . Kvntin, ilnhn (I. . (Jnnil, (leoi'ne H. . tll'e.y, .lured Hitwklnn, TltoitmN A. .Inhnsoii, Wllllnm W. Lury, Andrew ,1. . Lovejoy,,l,,lin II. , ^liNRIIi'n, lOnmtillM , Hlone, Mllhl'iie ,1. . Wnllnen, Awuhel K. I'l lol.loim mid DuUm of Hume. O.iplnln.Oo. I, Nov. 22, 1804. Heeond l1loiit.,(ln.C, K0I1. 2(1, 1804. First Ment., Co. K, Dee. 1,1804, Ifhst HerKeunl, li'tib. 27, IHII4. Hei'«eitnt, Aiitf. 3, J80B. HerKeunl,, Nov. 1, IHIII. Heruoiuit, l''ob. 27, IHIII. First Horijeiiiil, April I, IHilfl. Col( !in pnl'llllionil Nov. 1,1804. .limn 1, IHlll. Col pnnil Mny 1, 18(15. Col pnnil .Inn. 22, IHllll. Cm |,„nil • Inn. 1, IHiir,. Ser«eimt, April 1, 1806. Col pornl .lime H, 1800. Col luiriil Mny 11', 18(16. Cm ponil Nov. 1, 1804. Cm pornl Keb, 27, 1KH4. Cm pnnil .Inn. 22, 1808. Cm pornl Nov. 1, IHH4. Col pornl Keb. 27, 18114. Cm I I .Illll. 22, IHllll. Cm lior.il Nov. 1. IHIII. Cm pol'lll .lull. 22, IHllll. Hol'Kelltlf, Hepl. 11, 1804 COMPANY P. Theodore A. Illpley, Cunt. Wllllmn A, ICoMHiile, id SAcut NllltlOKANTK. John II. Goodwin, Ui Al'tenuiH II. Colbni'tl (Htttl'OUAl.R. Cluirlen (I. Ilownnl U. llnrreU H'oRK.ile . 1'lllVATHK. Allen, Mowos . llnll.Chiil'len A. . Illlll'inn, K'mneln II. D.iy, Genmo A. I.'urr, Wesley <). . Mnriloelt, VnrwIllQ. 1"). Newell, Hen|iiiiilii,,|iin. Hinltli, IMvnird O. . Hloddiird, .lumen H. Tlloinpnoli, Ihinlel II. Wood, Henry A. . AVrlKht, I.. \Vnmm I 'olonol, Mnreh 24, 1806. Not munloro.l. li'll'Ml Lieut., Co. II, Nov. 2, 18(111. C.ipUIn, Co. II, |feb. Ill, 1H04. Heeond Ment., Co. K, ldih. 17, istlft. Not mustered. Heeond I, lent., Co. II, Mny II, IH04. Color -Ri'i'tsennt, duly, 1HII4. First Ment., Co. A, .Inn. •!, 1806. Hei'Konnt., Mnreh II, JNlU. , Her. 1, ISO'.!. , Mnreh I, 1H(U. , Keb. 1, 1MIU. Hortfo.int,, Mnreh 1, 1806. Ooloi'-Sei'nonn!, 2, 1805, I MumIimu.ii, March 1, 1606. , li'eli. 1, IHlll. , Mny 1, 1H0I1. , I lee. I, 18(12. , Mny 1, 1SH6. , He|it. 20, 1 8(1.1. Hei'Ke.iut, Keb. 12, 1804. , Mn roll 1, 18(16. , del. 1, 18(14. , Aim. I, IHllll. Heeond Lieut., Co. A, Fell. 19, IHIII; 1st Nov. 22, IH(I4; Adllllnnt, .Inn. 4, 18(16. ((( nrpol'P orp irnl mil .nil Mnreh 1 (( ( rim orporp orp Ipnirnlirnl Mill ( orp irnl ( orp irnl t orp irnl ( nrp irnl .u 'I'tf' mil l.h in., COMPANY G. Holnu A. Carter, (\ipt. Cnplnln .mil A. A. ()., 11. H. V„ .Inly 26, 18114. Major hy brevet, nod l.leilL.-Cnlniiol by lirevel, Mnreh l:l, 1806. C. K'red Webster, 1st Unit. . I'Mrsi Ment. and It. Q.M., Oct. 10, 18iW. 410 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Table III. — Company G — Continued. Name. Promotions and Dates of Same. Sergeants. Flavel L. Tolman, Is*. John W. Sturtevant James W. Russell . Edward B. Howard Corporals. Chamberlain, Maro J. Cragin, Charles O. . Emery, Charles D. . Hunt, James H. Privates. J. Kerry Sullivan . Leathers, John Law, Charles D. Lowe, George F. . Prescott, Oren D. . Reed, J. Langdon . Shedd, Granville . Turner, Henry A. . Cutter, Edwin R. . Hazen, George W. . Learned, Lewis D. . Learned, Marion D. Merriheld, Charles B. Parker, William H. Pierce, Albert S. . Poole, Joel H. . Rice, John C. . Richardson, Herbert C. Smith, Samuel M. . Second Lieut., March 1, 1863. First Lieut., Oct. 17, 1863. Captain, Co. E, Jan. 1, 1864. Major, Dec. 6, 1864. First Sergeant, May 1, 1863. Second Lieut., Oct. 17, 1863. First Lieut., Jan. 1, 1864. Captain, Jan. 4, 1865. Commissary Sergeant, May 1, 1863. Second Lieut., Co. E, Jan. 4, 1865. First Lieut., Co. I, Feb. 17..1865. Not mustered. First Sergeant, Oct. 29, 1863. Second Lieut., Jan. 1, 1864. First Lieut., Jan. 4, 1865. Not mustered. Sergeant, Nov. 30, 1862. Captain U. S. C. T., Aug. 1, 1863. Sergeant, May 1, 1863. First Sergeant, Feb. 27, 1864. Second Lieut., Jan. 4, 1865. Not mustered. First Lieut., Co. D, Feb. 17, 1865. Sergeant, Aug. 4, 1863. Sergeant, Nov. 14, 1863. First Sergeant, March 1, 1865. Second Lieut., May 2, 1865. Second Lieut., Co. H- Not mustered. Corporal, Nov. 30, 1862. Sergeant, Oct. 29, 1863. March 1, 1865. Corporal, May 2, 1863. Sergeant, March 1, 1864. May 2, 1865. Sergeant, March 1, 1865. Sergeant, Feb. 27, 1864. Sergeant, March 1, 1865. Sergeant, March 1, 1865. Sergeant, May 2, 1865. Sergeant-Major, First Sergeant, Corporal, Jan. 1, 1864. Corporal, Aug. 1, 1863. Corporal, Jan. 1, 1864. Corporal, Jan. 1, 1864. Corporal, April 22, 1864. Corporal, March 1, 1865. Corporal, Feb. 27, 1864. Corporal, Oct. 1, 1864. Corporal, March 1, 1865. Corporal, Sept. 1, 1864. Second Lieut., 6th U. S. Infantry, April 23, 1865. brevet, Jan. 2, 1866. Corporal, Dec. 25, 1864. Corporal, March 1, 1865. Corporal, March 1, 1865. Corporal, May 2, 1865. Captain U. S. C. T., Feh. 29, 1864. First Lieut, by COMPANY H. Walter H. Sargent, 2d Lieut. First Lieut., Co. D, Nov. 1, 1863. Sergeants. David A. Macurdy, 1st . Second Lieut., Co. H, Nov. 1, 1863. First Lieut., Co. B, June, 1864. Captain, Co. B, Dec. 22, 1864. Marcus M. Holmes . First Sergeant, Jan. 20, 1864. Second Lieut., Co. F, Sept. 19, 1864. First Lieut., Co. H, Dec. 2, 1864. George F. Blanchard Second Lieut., Co. C, Sept. 22, 1863r First Lieut., Co. F, Feh. 19, 1864. Captain, Co. A, Nov. 22, 1864. Corporals. Albert A. Baker Sergeant, Jan. 20, 1864. Charles F. Heath . Sergeant, Oct. 1, 1864. Daniel P. Kilburn . Sergeant, Jan. 30, 1864. Privates. Bailey, Amos C. . . . Corporal, Sept. 20, 1864. Barnard, George M. Corporal, Jan. 20, 1864. Sergeant, Oct. 26, 1864. Chamberlain, Alonzo P. Corporal, April 1, 1864. Emerson, John R. . Corporal, June 1, 1865. Gale, Solomon G. . Sergeant, Jan. 20, 1864. Macurdy, Matthew . . Corporal, Jan. 20, 1864. Sergeant, April 1, 1864. Morse, John D. . . . Corporal, March 1, 1865. Parker, William P. Corporal, May 1, 1863. Sergeant, Sept. 20, 1864. First Sergeant, Dec. 2, 1864. PROMOTIONS. Tablf, III. — Company H — Concluded. 411 Name. Promotions and Dates of Same. Privates. Poor, Wilson E. . . . Saltmarsh, Alonzo P. . Sanborn, Henry M. Tucker, George W. Wheeler, Robert E. Wilson, Leonard Corporal, Oct. 1, 1864. Corporal, June 1, 1865. Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864. Corporal, Jan. 20, 1864. Corporal, Oct. 1, 1864. Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864. Sergeant, March 1, 1865. COMPANY I. Nathaniel L. Chandler, Lieut, Captain, Co. A, June 16, 1864. Sergeants. Henry S. Paul. Second Lieut., Co. A, Jan. 1, 1864. First Lieut., Co. A, Feh. 19, '64. Asa W. liichardson Second Lieut., Co. E, June 22, 1864. First Lieut. Co. F, Jan. 4, 1865. William W. Page . First Sergeant, June 17, 1864. Thorn ls J. Morrill . First Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1865. Corporals. Benjamin F. Pierce Sergeant, Jan. 26, 1864. Hiram K. Darling . Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1865. George S. Jones Sergeant, Feb. 1, 1865. Privates. Cumings, Charles 6. Corporal, July 1, 1864. Sergeant, June 2, 1865. Poster, Charles E. . Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1864. Gault, John S. Corporal, June 17, 1864. Lane, Marcus M. Corporal, June 17, 1864. Mace, Henry C. Corporal, June 8, 1865. Mullen, Hugh .... Corporal, June 2, 1865. Newton, Clough Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865. Page, John M. Corporal, June 17, 1864. Feasley, George W. Corporal, June 2, 1865. Stowell, George H. . Corporal, Feb. 25, 1863. Sergeant, June 16, 1864. "Wallace, William . Corporal, Feb. 1, 1865. Whittaker, Benjamin Corporal, Sept. 20, 1864. COMPANY K. Oliver H. Marston, Capt. Lieut. -Colonel, March 24, 1865. Moulton S. Webster, 2d Lieut. First Lieut., Co. B, Nov. 22, 1864. Not mustered. Sergeant. Octavius C. Mason . First Sergeant, June 23, 1864. Second Lieut., Jan. 2, 1865. Captain, June 7, 1865. Not mustered. Corporals. Lemuel F. Vittum . Sergeant, Dec. 1, 1864. Samuel F. Beede . Sergeant, June 17, 1864. Privates. Bennett, William H. H. . Corporal, Nov. 10, 1863. Brown, Warren J. . Corporal, June 17, 1864. Cofran, Charles N. Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864. Fellows, Benjamin F. Quartermaster-sergeant, Dec. 3, 1864. Fife, Thomas H. . Corporal. Fowler, Trueworthy Corporal, Nov. 1, 1864. G-lidden, George M. Corporal. Corporal, June 1, 1865. Page, Henry P. Sergeant. First Sergeant. Second Lieut., Co. I, May 27, 1864. Quimby, William F. Corporal, Sept. 24, 1862. Sergeant, Nov. 1, 1863. Second Lieut., Co. B, Jan. 4. 1865. Not mustered. Robinson, Frank P. Corporal, May 1, 1865. Smith, Daniel M. . Corporal, March 1, 1865. Smith, Lewis Q. Corporal, May 1, 1864. Smith, Samuel S. . Corporal, June 25, 1864. Stone, George W. . Corporal, June 1, 1863. 412 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. TABLE IV. DEATHS by disease. FIELD, STAFF, AND NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Name. Where Died. When. Cause. Where Buried. Franklin C. Weeks Milton S. Howe . Total . . 2 N.E. R.,N.T.City, Offutt'sC.R'ds.Md. March 28, 1864, Nov. 24,1862, DiphtheriaTyphoid-fever, Chester. East Jaffrey. COMPANY A. Sergeants. Fred. L. Thomas, 1st . Almon G. Pierce, 1st . Corporal. Asaph W. Pierce . Privates. Carruth, Thomas H. . Chamberlain, Ira B. Crowninshield, A. C. . Crowninshield, Daniel, Dunn, Noble T. . Evans, Stephen W. Holt, Russell T. . ¦ . Keith, Fay . Knowlton, Charles Leach, Albert G. . Leach, Charles H. Nims, Edwin I. . Polley, Gilbert C. Spaulding, Henry D. . Starkey, William S. . Total . . 18 Woodstock, Va. . Carrollton, La. Poolesville, Md. . Carrollton, La. Hilton Head, S.C. . Philadelphia, P. . Salisbury, N.C. . Keene . Richmond, Va. Washington, D.C. Jefferson Bar., Mo. Poolesville, Md. . Washington, D.C. Poolesville, Md. . Offutt'sC.Rd's.Md.Washington, D.C. Natchez, Miss. Washington, D.C. Oct. 1, 1864, June 8, 1864, Jan. 21, 1863, June 14, 22 1864,1865, Nov. 6, 1864, 28, 1864, Sept. Nov. 8, 28, 1864, 1864, June Sept. 21 9 1863, 1864, Jan.MayJan.Dec.Nov.July 20 31,23, 17 18 .11 1863, 1863,1863,1862, 1863, 1864, May 13 1863, Phys. exhaust. Typhoid-fever,Typhoid-fever, Chr. diarrhoea, Chr. diarrhoea, Chr. diarrhoea, Chr. diarrhoea, Unknown Typhoid-fever,Chr. diarrhoea, Typhoid-fever,Typhoid-fever,Typhoid-fever,Typhoid-fever,Chr. diarrhoea, Chr. diarrhoea, PI. -pneumonia, Natl. Cem., Winches ter, Va., No. 1196. Dublin. Dublin. Carrollton, La. Natl. Cem., Beaufort, S.C, No. 1404. N.Cem., Philadelphia, Penn., No. 113. Natl Cem., Salisbury. N.C Wood lawn C. , Keene. N'l Cem., Richmond, Va., No. 358. Sullivan. N'l C, Jefferson Bar., Mo., No. 3385. Marlborough.East Westmoreland. East Westmoreland. Sullivan. Hinsdale.Natl. Cem., Natchez, Miss., No. 120. Westmoreland. COMPANY B. Corporal. William R. Dunham Privates. Barker, William A. Bos worth, William J. Bragg, Willard E. S. French, Henry C. . Gates, Benjamin, 2d Gee, Samuel O. . Marlow . Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C. Poolesville, Md. . Washington, D.C. David's Isl'd, N.T. Jan. 10, 1865, July 28,1863, Jan. 19, 1864, Aug. 19, 1864, Feb. 16, 1863, Dec. 14, 1863, Sept. 30, 1864, Chr. diarrhoea, Typhoid-fever, Pneumonia Chr. diarrhoea, Measles. Heart-disease . Chr. diarrhoea, Marlow. Walpole. Springfield, Vt. Natl. Cem., Arlington Va., No. 8319. Walpole. N'lCem.,CypressHill, N.T.,No. 1970. DEATHS BY DISEASE. Table IV. — Company B — Continued. 413 Name. Where Died. When. Cause. Where Buried. Hasham, John Washington, D.C. July 31,1863, Typhoid-fever, Charlestown. Hooper, Henry H. Walpole Dec. 31, 1864, Chr. diarrhoea, Walpole. Livingston, Edward H. Poolesville, Md. . Feb. 16, 1863, Measles. Walpole. Pierce, Jacob S. . Walpole Dec. 27, ,1863, Consumption . Walpole. Putnam, Orson D. Natchez, Miss. July 22, 1864, Chr. diarrhoea. Richardson, Levi G. . New-York City . Aug. 22,1864, Chr. diarrhoea, N. Cem. ,Cypress Hill, N.Y.,No.2083. Shepard, Harvey E. Libby Prison, Rich mond, Va. . Nov. 20, 1864, Diphtheria. Tyler, William E. Washington, D.C May 29, 1863, Typhoid-fever. Total . . 15 COMPANY C. Luther M. Parker, Sergt. Brooks, Amos "W. Doolittle, Edward Healey, D. Brainard . Holman,Thos. F., Corpl. Privates. Lillie, Levi N. Mason, Charles A. Spaulding, Dauphin Spooner, Lyman . Stockwell, George H. . Thatcher, Willard B. . Walton, Rohert . Wilcox, Henry E. Total . . 13 Savannah, Ga. Annapolis Jet., Md. Poolesville, Md. . Hampton, Va. Fitzwilliam . David's Isl'd.N.Y. Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C. Savannah, Ga. Troy . Offutt'sC.R'ds.MdSavannah, Ga. Gilsum . June 30, 1865, Jan. 14, 1865, March 10, 1863, Aug. 28, 3864, July 30, 1865, Sept. 16,1864, Feh.JulyJuly Jan.June 7, 1863, 7, 1864, 7, 1365, 20, 1863. 3, 1863, 24, 1865, Jan. 24, 1864, Typhoid-fever,Chr. diarrhcea, Typhoid-fever, Consumption . Chr. diarrhosa, Diphtheria.Typhoid-fever,Remit'nt-fever, Typhoid-fever, Typhoid-fever,Consumption . Natl. Cem. .Beaufort, S.C, No. 4898. Fitzwilliam. Swanzey. Swanzey. Fitzwilliam. Cypress Hills, N.T., No. 1881. East Sullivan. Natl. Cem., Beaufort, S.C, No. 1399. Offutt's Cross Roads. Natl. Cem., Beaufort, S.C, No. 1397. Wincheudon, Mass. COMPANY D. Stark Fellows, Lieut. . Privates. Brocklehank, Geo. A. Choate, John Emery, Warren H. Foster, James F. . Howard, George A. . Janvrin, William T. . Jones, Sylvester . Mills, James F. . Morrill, Frank P. Randall, John E. . Total . . H Ft. Taylor, Key West, Fla. . Savannah, Ga. Savannah, Ga. . Natchez, Miss. Hilton Head, S.C. Savannah, Ga. Washington, D.C. Natchez, Miss. Winchester, Va. , Cincinnati, O. May 23, 1864, May June 10, 13 1865, 1865, July 25 1864, April 6, 15 1865, 1865, March 13 1863, June Nov. Aug. 29 18 31 1864, 1864,1864, Congest, brain, yellow-fever, Typhoid-fever.Typhoid-fever,Chr. diarrhcea. Heart-disease . Chr. diarrhcea, Anosarca Typhoid-fever.Typhoid -fever. Chr. diarrhcea, Sandown. Natl. Cem., Beaufort, S.C, No. 1401. Hilton Head, S.C. Natl. Cem., Beaufort, S.C, No. 1403. Natl. Cem., Soldiers' Home, D.C, No.150. Natl. Cem., Spring Grove, No. 309. 414 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Table IV. — Continued. COMPANY E. Name. Where Died. When. Cause. Where Buried. Sergeants. Hiram J. Rounds . Annapolis, Md. . March 12, 1865, Result of im prisonment . Natl. Cem., Annapo lis, Md., No. 504. Lewis P. Sumners Washington, D.C. Aug. 1, 1863, Typhoid-fever, Natl. Cem., Soldiers' Home, Wash., D.C. Walter Buck . Baltimore, Md. Sept. 13, 1864, Typhoid-fever. Corporals. Isaac R. Smith New Orleans, La. . Aug. 21, 1864, Typhoid-fever, Bethel, N.C. Leland B. Philbrook . Washington, D.C. May 10, 1863. Privates. Armstrong, Alpheus . _ Sept. 22, 1864. Brown, Harvey R. Poolesville, Md. . Feb. 16, 1863, Typhoid-fever, Washington, D.C Cushman, Horace, 2d . Savannah, Ga. June 28, 1865, - - Beaufort, S.C, No 4879. Gray, Joseph M. . Offutt's CR'ds,Md. Dec. 25, 1862, Typhoid-fever, Offutt's Cr. Rd's, Md. Jar vis, William Offutt's CRd's, Md. 8, 1862, Typhoid-fever, Offutt's Cr. Rd's, Md. Lindsey, George H. Whitefield . March 25, 1865, - Whitefield. Lunn, William M. Washington, D.C. Nov. 9, 1863, Diphtheria. Massure, Jonas Washington, D.C. Sept. 23, 1863, Chr. diarrhcea, Washington, D.C Potter, Daniel Baltimore, Md. March 8, 1865, Stark. Purrington, John . Morganzia, La. June 11, 1864, Heart-disease, Morganzia, La. Quints, George C Whitefield . March 7, 1865, - - Whitefield. Twitchell, Claudius A. Offutt's CRd's, Md. Dec. 18, 1862, Typhoid-fever, Milan. Veasie, John Washington, D.C. April 20, 1863, - N. Cem., Soldiers' H., Wash., No. 5122. Wilder, Edward B. Offutt's CRd's, Md. Nov. 30, 1862, Typhoid-fever, Offutt's Cr. Rd's, Md. Total . . 19 COMPA3SFY F. Corporals. George Norwood . Lock 21, C. 8c 0. Canal, Md. . Oct. 26, 1862, Drowned Winchester. Milton G. Frost . Poolesville, Md. . Jan. 18, 1863, Typhoid -fever, Milan. Benjamin Newell, jun. . Richmond Oct. 14, 1864, Chr. diarrhcea, Richmond. Musician. DenzelT. Swan . Washington, D.C. Aug. 3, 1863, Typhoid-fever, Winchester. Privates. Andrews, Ethan A. Milan Dec. 7, 1864, Chr. diarrhcea, Milan. Henry, Herbert W. Alexandria, Va. . Feb. 17, 1864, Typhoid-fever, Nat. Cem., Arlington, Va., No. 6739, Lampson, Bradford P. . Savannah, Ga. 9, 1865, Ship-fever N.Cem.,Beaufort,S.C McClenning, Henry J. . Washington, D.C. Aug. 7, 1863, Typhoid-fever, Chesterfield. Thayer, Henry F. . New Orleans, La. . July 10, 1864, Small-pox New Orleans. Webber, James H. Harper's F., W.Va. Feb. 23,1864, Measles . Harper's Ferry. Total . . 10 COMPANY G. Sergeant. Charles D. Emery Washington, D.C Nov. 14, 1863, Diphtheria East Jaffrey. Corporal. John A. Woodward . New- York City . Aug. 17, 1864, Chr. diarrhoea, Surry. DEATHS BY DISEASE. Table IV. — Company G — Continued. 415 Name. Where Died. When. Cause. Where Buried. Privates. Evans, Frank, jun. Marvin, Edwin Phillips, John Rand, Leonard Smith, Charles M. Smith, Henry A. . Webber, Conrad . Total Poolesville, Md. . Offutt's CR'ds,Md. Offutt's CR'ds.Md. Camp Parapet, La. Poolesville, Md. . Poolesville, Md. . Salisbury, N.C. . March 30, 1863, Dec. 15, 1862. 19, 1862, 28, 1864, 12, 1863, 7, 1863, 14, 1864, May Jan. Dec. Lung-feverTyphoid-fever, Typhoid-fever,Heart-disease . Typhoid- fever, Typhoid-fever,Intermit.-fever. Keene.Dublin,Dublin. Jaffrey. Rindge. Rindge. Nat. Cem., Salisbury, N.C COMPANY H. Sergeants. Daniel P. KiJburn Arthur F. Goodrich Solomon G. Gale . Corporal. John A. Preston . Privates. Baker, William H. Barrett, Joel . Call, George . Downing, Daniel • Eaton, Moses K. . Edmunds, Charles H. . Harrington, David Hobbs, Fernando . Nichols, Hiram Perry, Joseph C . Roby, Gardner Smith, Laroy Straw, Edgar H. . Whitefield, George Total . . 18 Webster Washington, D.C Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C Poolesville, Md. . Poolesville, Md. . Washington, D.C Baltimore, Md. Washington, D.C. At sea . Poolesville, Md. . Warren . Washington, D.C. Montgomery, Md. . Offutt's CR'ds,Md. Washington, T>.C. Washington, D.C. Sandy Hook, Md. . March 16, 1864, Sept. 12, 1863, 28, 1864, Oct. 16, 1864, Feh. 28, 1863, 24, 1863, June 11, 1863, Feh. 6, 1865, Sept. 21 1863, April 2 1864, Feb. 23 1863, May 17 1863. Jan. » 1864, Nov. 3 1862, Deo. 19 1862, Aug. 17 1864, Oct. 20 1863, Feh. 15 1864, Typhoid-fever.Typhoid-fever.Chr. diarrhcea Chr. diarrhcea. Typhoid-fever.Typhoid-fever.Congest, brain, Chr. diarrhcea, Diphtheria. Small-poxTyphoid-fever.PneumoniaTyphoid- fever, Typhoid-fever.Chr. diarrhcea, Diphtheria.Hemorrhage. Nat'l Cem., Soldiers* H., D.C, No. 4773. N. Cem , Loudon P'k, Md., No. 1076. At sea. Chichester. Nat. Cem., Arlington, Va., No. 7427. COMPANY I. Nath. L. Chandler, Capt. D. J. Pillsbury, 2d Lt. . Sergeant. William W. Page Privates. Benway, Reuben T. Brown, Charles . Burr, Versal E. . Choate, Thomas . Clougb, Francis S. Crowell, Jonathan Currier, Henry H. Dow, Newell T. ¦ Edminster, Thomas B. . Hoyt, Christopher Leavitt, Charles H. Bradford Washington, D.C Newport Washington, D.C Tenallytown, Md. . Hampton, Va. Bradford Poolesville, Md. . Baltimore, Md. New Orleans, La. . SeabrookSpringfield, Mass. , Bradford At sea. Sept. 11,1864, Aug. 11, 1863, Dec. 22, 1864, Nov. 12,1863, Aug. 11, 1864, 25, 1864, 1, 1865, March 21, 1863, Sept. 8, 1864, Dec. 22, 1864, March 18, 1864, Oct. 28, 1864, Dec. 27, 1864, July 11, 1864, DiphtheriaTyphoid -fever, Chr. diarrhcea, Diphtheria Typhoid-fever, Diarrhcea DiarrhceaTyphoid-fever,DiarrhceaDiarrhceaDiphtheria DiarrhceaDiarrhceaMalaria-fever . Newbury.East Grantham. North Newport. Cornish Flat. Tenallytown, Md. Nat'l Cem., Hampton, Va„ No. 2256. Bradford. East Grantham. North Newport. Nat. Cem., Chalmette, La., No. 6039. Seabrook.South Cornish. Bradford. At sea. 416 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Table IV. — Company I — Concluded. Name. Where Died. When. Cause. Where Buried. Privates. Lewis, William S. Washington, JJ.U. Jan. 21,1864, Pneumonia Claremont. Mahier, Peter Chichester March 30, 1865, Diarrhcea Chichester. Marshall, Eugene 0. . Poolesville, Md. . Jan. 21, 1863, Typhoid-fever, Bradford. Miller, Wareham M. . Washington, D.C. Aug. 23, 1863, Typhoid-fever, Plainfield Plains. Peck, Philander H. Poolesville, Md. . Feb. 18,1863, Typhoid-fever, Newport. PowerB, EliaB F. . Poolesville, Md. . 17, 1863, Typhoid-fever, Croydon. Sanborn, William H. . Washington, D.C 3, 1864, Lung-fever Seabrook. Stone, Hiram Washington, D.C. Oct. 6, 1864, Diarrhcea Cornish Flat. Watson, William H. H. Carrollton, La. May 31,1864, Typhoid-fever, Nat. Cem., Chalmette, La., No. 1,237. Nat'l Cem., Hampton, Wilson, Otto Fort. Monroe, Va. Aug. 18, 1864, Malaria-fever . Total . . 24 Va.,No. 706. COMPANY K. Jason D. Snell, 1st Lt. . Corporals. Thomas H. Fife . George M. Glidden Privates. Adams, Thomas S. Bryant, Silas J. . Blake, Henry F. . Drew, Simon Eaton, HielF. Haggett, Lorenzo D. . Huntress, Joseph L. . Prescott, John M. Quimby, George D. Sawtelle, Benjamin F. . Sinclair, William H. H. Smith, MoBes L. . Tanner, Edward E. Wallace, James M. Total . . 17 Carrollton, La. Offutt'sCr.R'ds.Md. Pembroke Moultonboro'Washington, D.C. PembrokeWashington, D.C. Savannah, Ga. Offutt'sCr.R'ds.Md,St'r " Continental,' Offutt'sCr.R'ds.Md.Offutt'sCr.R'ds.Md.Carrollton, La. Savannah, Ga. Offutt'sCr.R'ds.Md, Poolesville, Md. . Sandwich April 26, 1864, Dec. 25, 1862, Oct. 18, 1864, Oct. 23, 1862, Sept. 15,1863, March 9,1864, Oct. 2. 1863, June 7, 1865, Nov.JulyNov. Dec. May 29, 1862, 19, 1864, 28, 1862, 14, 1862, 14, 1864, 30, 1865, Dec. 8, 1862, March 19, 1863, Sept. 25, 1863, Consumption . North Pembroke. Typhoid-fever, Inn. of bowels, Typhoid-fever,Fever Lung-fever DiarrhceaTyphoid-fever,Typhoid-fever, Infl. of bowels, FeverTyphoid-fever, Infl. of bowels, Epilepsy . FeverTyphoid-fever,Diarrhcea North Sandwich. Pembroke. Moultonboro*.N.C, Soldiers' Home, Washington, D.C, No. 5386. North Pembroke. Pembroke.Beaufort, S.C, No. 1400. North Pembroke. Fortress Monroe, Va. Offutt's Cr. R'ds, Md. Sandwich. Sandwich. Nat'l Cem., Beaufort, S.C, No. 1405. Sandwich Centre. Sandwich. Sandwich. TABLE V. KILLED OR MORTALLY WOUNDED. FIELD, STAFF, AND NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Name. Action. Date. Nature of Wound. Where Died. When. Where Buried. Alexander Gardiner . Opequan . Sept. 19,1864, Gunshot left thigh, and right leg fractureB . Winchester, Va. Oct. 8, 1864, Claremont. COMPANY A. Jesse A. Fisk, 1st Lt. Opequan . Sept. 19, 1864, Gunshot in body Battle-field . Sept. 19, 1864, Nat. Cem., Winchester, mon't. Serseant. " Charles C. Wilson Opequan . Sept. 19, 1864, Gunshot in ankle, and bay onet in neck . Battle-field . Sept. * 19, 1864, Nat. Cem., Winchester, mon't. Samuel P. Holt . Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, 1864, Gunshot in arm . Winchester, Va. Oct. 24, 1864, Nat. Cem., Winchester, Va., No. 1196. Newtown, Va. Charles A. Peeler Cedar Creek . 19, 1864, Gunshot back of ear . Newtown, Va, . 22, 1864, Privates. Greenwood, Albert C. Wyman, Nathaniel B. Young, Sidney H. Total ... 7 Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . i Sept. 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, Gunshot, thigh . Gunshot, groin . Gunshot in leg, bayonet in side Winchester, Va. Battle-field . Battle-field . Dee.Sept. 3, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, Dublin.Nat. Cem., Winchester, mon't. Nat. Cem., Winchester, mon't. COMPANY B. Privates. Andrews, Fred B. Bowman, James Kreatzer, Otis P. Lawrence, Willard Perrigo, George Wetherbee, George L. Total , Opequan . Opequan . Cedar Creek Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Sept. 19,1864,19, 1864, Oct. 19, 1864, Sept. 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, Gunshot, body . Gunshot, right knee . Shell, fracture of skull Gunshot, fracture of spine, Gunshot, head . Gunshot, body . Winchester, Va. Winchester, Va. Winchester, Va. Winchester, Va. Winchester, Va. Winchester, Va. Sept. 19,1864, Nov. 11, 1864, Oct. 22, 1864, Sept. 25, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, Nat.Cem., Winchester, mon't. Nat. Cem., Winchester, Va., No. 1200. Nat. Cem., Winchester, Va., No. 1209. Nat. Cem., Winchester, Va., No. 1413. Nat. Cem., Winchester, mon't. Nat. Cem., Winchester, mon't. to toSfc. -4 Table V. — Cor iinu ed. h-4 COMPANY C. CXI Name. Action. Date. Nature of Wound. Where Died. When. Where Buried. J. Henry Jcnks, Sgt.-Maj. Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, 1864, Round-shot, head • Battle-field . Oct. 19, 1864, Natl. Cem., Winchester, Va., No. 1202. § George n. Stone, 1st Lt. . Opequan . Sept. 19 1864, Shell, right hip . • Winchester, Va. Sept. 25, 1864, Nat. Cem., Winchester, mon't. Sergeant. <=! George W. Felch, 1st Opequan . Sept. 19 1864, Gunshot, head . Battle-field . Sept. 19, 1864, Nat. Com., Winchester, mon't. to CORPORAL. 3 tq Nathaniel Uuat . Opequan . Sept. 19 1864, Gunshot, head . Battle-field . Sept. 19, 1864, Nat. Cem. .Winchester, mon't. Private. ^ Haynes, Henry L. Opequan . Sept. 19, 1804, Gunshot, side Battle-field . Sept. 19, 1864, Nat. Cem. .Winchester, mon't. ^ Total ... 6 tq COMPANY D. 3 Corporals. Derwin W. Chase Opequan . Sept. 19, 1864, Gunshot, head . Winchester, Va. Sept. 19, 1894, Nat. Cem. (Winchester, mon't. tq Charles W. Noyes Opequan . 19, 1864, (iunHhot, chest . • - - - - Missing since Sept. 19, 1864. Privates. Boyd, Aaron E. . Opequan . Sept. 19 1804, - Winchester, Va. Sept. 19, 1884, Nat. Cem. .Winchester, mon't. Cair, Clini-len C. Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, 18114, Gunshot, leg amputation . Winchester Va. Nov. 24 1804. Homan, Charles L. . Opequan . Sept. 19 1864, - Winchester, Va. Sept. 19 1864, Nut. Cem. .Winchester, mon't. Marston, Mc-lboorne . . Opequan . 19, 1804, Gunshot, head . Winchester, Va. 19 1864, Nat. Cem., Winchester, mon't. s ^ Moore, Cassimnro M. Opequan . 19, 1864, Gunshot, right shoulder and leg Baltimore, Md. . Nov. 20 1864. Souther, George T. . Opeqnan . 19, 1864, - - Winchester, Va. Kept. 19 1804, Nat. Cem. (Winchester, mon't. Walton, Edwin . . Opequan . 19, 1864, Gunshot, left elbow . Winchester Va. Oct. 30 1864, Niitl. Cem., Winchester, Va., Total ... 9 No. 1194. COMPANY E. Hawkins, Thomas A. Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, 1864, Gunshot, head . Battle-field . Oct. 19 1864, Natl. Cem. Winchester, Va., No. 1214. COMPANY P. William A. Fosgate, Capt. Artemas B. Colburn, 2d Lt. Opequan . Opequan . Sept. 19,1864, 19, 1864, Gunshot, heart . . Gunshot, abdomen ¦ Battle-field Winchester, Va. Sept. 19,1864, 20, 1864, Nat. Cem., Winchester, mon't. Nat. Cem., Winchester, mon't. Corporals. Moses Allen Charles A. Ball Opequan . Opequan . Sept. 19,1864, 19, 1864, Gunshot, head . Gunshot, knee . Battle-field Winchester, Va. Sept. 19,1864, Oct. 25, 1864, Nat. Cem.,Winchester, mon't. Nat. Cem., Winchester, mon't. Privates. Bent, Lauren E. Blodgett, James H. . Hayes, Frederick 0. . Scott, Walter A. Streeter, Marshall S. . Total ... 9 Opequan . Cedar Creek . Cedar Creek . Opequan . Opequan . Sept. 19,1864, Oct. 19, 1864, 19, 1864, Sept. 19, 1864, 19, 1864, Gunshot, groin . Gunshot, body . Gunshot, neck . Gunshot, head . . Gunshot, leg Winchester, Va. Battle field Battle-fieldBattle-field Baltimore, Md. . Sept. 20, 1864, Oct. 19, 1864, 19, 1864, Sept. 19, 1864, Oct. 9, 1864, Nat. Cem., Winchester, mon't. Nat. Cem., Winchester, mon't. Nat. Cem., Winchester, mon't. Nat. Cem., Winchester, mon't. Chesterfield. COMPANY a. Corporals. George W. Hazen Lewis D. Learned Opequan . Cedar Creek . Sept. 19, 1864, Oct. 19, 1864, Gunshot, neck . Gunshot, left breast . Winchester, Va. Cedar Creek, Va. Sept. 19,1864, Oct. 19, 1864, Nat. Cem., Winchester, mon't. Dublin. Privates. Carter, Charles A. Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, 1864, Gunshot, body . Cedar Creek, Va. Oct. 19, 1864, Nat. Cem., Winchester, No. 1205. Nat. Cem., Winchester. Parker, Lucius . Total ... 4 Opequan . Sept. 19,1864, Gunshot, temple Winchester, Va. Sept. 19,1864, COMPANY H. s t-l8 to fcq Sergeants. Albert A. Baker Matthew Macurdy Corporal. George W. Tucker Privates. Barrus, Otis A. . Barrett, John L. Merrill, Luther G. Varney, Richard Waters, Silas Total . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Sept. 19,1864,19, 1864, Sept. 19,1864, Sept. 19,1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864,. 19, 1864, Battle-field Battle-field Winchester, Va. Battle-fieldPhiladelphia, Pa. Battle-fieldBattle-fieldBattle-field Sept. 19,1864, 19, 1864, Sept. 28, 1864, Sept. 19,1864, Nov. 9, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, Nat. Cem., Winchester, mon't. Nat. Cem., Winchester, mon't. Nat. Cem., Winchester, mon't. Nat. Cem., Winchester, mon't. Nat. Cem., Mount Moriah, Pa., No. 34. Nat. Cem., Winchester, mon't. Nat. Cem.,Winchester,mon't. Nat. Cem. (Winchester, mon't. to Table V. — Concluded. COMPANY I. too isg to Name. Action. Date. Nature of Wound. Where Died. When. Where Buried. William H. Chaffin, Capt. Henry S, Paul, 1st Lt. Corporals. Horace F. Brown Sylvester Tasker Private. Borden, Albert . Total ... 5 Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Cedar Creek . Sept. 19,1864, 19, 1864, Sept. 19,1864, 19, 1864, Oct. 19, 1864, Gunshot, temple GunBhot, head and leg Gunshot, leg, amputated . Gunshot, chest . Winchester, Va. Winchester, Va. Winchester, Va. Winchester, Va. Cedar Creek, Va. Sept. 19, 1864, 19, 1864, Sept. 25,1864,19, 1864, Oct. 19, 1864, Nat. Cem., Winchester, mon't. Nat. Cem., Winchester, mon't. Nat. Cem., Winchester, mon't. Nat. Cem. (Winchester, mon't. Nat.Cem.,Winchester, mon't., No. 1204. COMPANY K. Moulton S. Webster, 2d Lt. Corporals. Oceanus Straw . Harrison Atwood, 2d Privates. Baker, Hazen O. Cameron, Donald J. Cofran, George B. Dale, Ebenezer H. Harriman, Amos Phelps, Daniel W. Vittum, Giles L. Total . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Cedar Creek Sept. 19, 1864, Sept. 19,1864, 19, 1864, Sept. 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, Oct. 19, 1864, Gunshot, right shonlder . Shot through face, left lung, and feet . One leg shot off . Gunshot, head and neck Shell wound on head . Gunshot, arm Gunshot, thigh . Gunshot, knee . No. Sandwich . Winchester, Va. Winchester, Va. Winchester, Va. Winchester, Va. Winchester, Va. Winchester, Va. Winchester, Va. Baltimore, Md. . Nov. 5 1864, Sept. 26, 1864, 19 1864, Sept.Nov. 19 19 2623 1864, 1864,1864,1884, Sept.Nov. 25 19 8 1864,1864,1864, North Sandwich. Nat. Cem., "Winchester, Va., No. 1183. Nat. Cem., Winchester, Va., No. 1211. Nat. Cem., Winchester, Va. Nat. Cem., Winchester, Va. Nat. Cem., Winchester, Va. Nat. Cem., Winchester, Va., No. 1210. Nat. Cem., Winchester, Va. Nat. Cem., Winchester, Va. Loudon Park, Md., No. 961. WOUNDED IN BATTLE. 421 TABLE VI WOUNDED. COMPANY A. Name. Action. Date. Nature of Wound. James B. Mason, 1st Lt. Petersb'g Mine, July 30, 1864, Gunshot in rigmvarm near shoulder; putated. Gunshot in foot, shell- wound in side. am. Eussell F. Smith, 2d Lt. Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, 1864, Sergeants. Fred'k L. Thomas, 1st . Opequan . Sept. 19, 1864, Slight. Holland Wheeler . Opequan . 19, 1864, Shell wound in side. Corporals Tyler E. Greenwood . Opequan . Sept. 19, 1864, Gunshot in both thighs, fiesh. Luke Knowlton, jun. . Cedar Creek . 19, 1864, Gunshot in arm, flesh. George W. Lewis . Opequan . 19, 1864, Gunshot in hand. Privates. Daggett, Albert M. Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, 1864, In shoulder, slight. Goodnow, Edwin J. Opequan . Sept. 19, 1864, Gunshot in left arm ; amputated. Greeley, James K. Opequan . 19, 1864, Gunshot in foot. Hanraban, Martin . Opequan . 19, 1864, Contusion, shell, slight. Liscom, Samuel E. Opequan . 19, 1864, Gunshot in forehead; shell- w'nd in thigh McCollester, Sumner L. Opequan . 19, 1864, Gunshot in left-arm. Pierce, William H. Opequan . 19, 1864, Gunshot in left shoulder. Rawson, Isaac W. . . Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, 1864, Gunshot in left shoulder. Tupper, Alonzo W. Cedar Creek . 19, 1864, Gunshot in left fore-arm, fiesh. Wheeler, Lyman K. Opequan . Sept. 19, 1864, Shell wound in thigh. Whitcomb, Franklin C. Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, 1864, Gunshot in left shoulder. Total . . 18 COMPANY B. Sergeants. Frank O. Pierce . Albert H.Tyrell. . Privates. Cornwell, Richard B. Gates, Henry H. . Kenyon, David T. Keyes, George Alfred Smith, Erastus Wright, Charles H. Total . . 1 Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Sept. 19,1864, 19, 1864, Sept. 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, Gunshot wound, both ankles; right leg amputated. Shell wound, face, right leg, slight. Gunshot wound, knee. Gunshot wound, right arm, left leg. Shell wound, contusion, shoulder. Shell wound, right hand. Shell wound, left knee. Gunshot wound, left leg, severe. Ira Berry, jun., Capt. . Daniel K. Healey, IstLt. ¦ COBPORAI,. Wright Whitcomb COMPANY C. Opequan . Ft. Fisher, N.C Cedar Creek . Sept. 19, 1864, Feb. 11, 1865, Oct. 19, 1864, Gunshot in body and right arm. Compound fracture left femur. Gunshot in left hand. 422 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Table VI. — Company C — Continued. Name. Action. Date. Nature of Wound. Privates. Combs, Carroll L. . Cummings, Joseph W. . Dyer, Peter . Gallagher, Frank . Harris, Daniel Kichardson, Delavan C. Stone, Stillman S. . Whitcomb, Darius H. ¦ Total . . 11 Cedar Creek Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Cedar Creek Cedar Creek Cedar Creek Opequan . Oct.Sept.Oct. 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, Sept. 19, 1864, Gunshot in foot and right hand. In right lung. Gunshot, right thigh, flesh. Gunshot under right ear. Gunshot in thigh. Gunshot in right side. Gunshot in right side and right fore-arm. Gunshot, left thigh, flesh. COMPANY D. Elbridge D. Hadley, Lt. John N. Bruce, Lt. Sergeant. Joseph V. Bowie . Corporal. Stephen M. Wilson Privates. Breed, Enoch W. Brown, Ira E. Gillespie, James A. Hamilton, William Janvrin, John 8. Mayo, Joseph Morrill, James Muzzey, Warren H. Osborn, Jesse B. Swett, George W. White, Philander C. . Total . . 16 Opequan . Cedar Creek Opequan . Cedar Creek Cedar Creek Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Cedar Creek Opequan . Cedar Creek Cedar Creek Opequan . Opequan . Sept. 19,1864, Oct. 19, 1864, Sept. 19,1864, Oct. 19, 1864, Oct. Sept. Oct.Sept. Oct.Sept. 19, 1864, 19,1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, Gunshot, lower jaw fracture. Gunshot, neck, flesh. Shell, chest, contusion. Hand. Gunshot in hand. Gunshot in right thigh, flesh. Left leg, flesh. Gunshot in head and thigh. Gunshot in neck, flesh. Gunshot in right elbow, fracture; ampu tation. Gunshot in left leg, flesh. Thigh. Gunshot in left arm. Gunshot in both legs. Gunshot in right leg, flesh. COMPANY" E. Corporals. Thomas J. Lary . Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, 1864, Left leg. William A. Willis . Cedar Creek . 19, 1864, Gunshot in right shoulder. Privates. Bean, Caleb F. Opequan . Sept. 19, 1864, Gunshot in left arm, flesh. Colby, Moses . Opequan . 19, 1864, Shell, left leg. Curtis, MoBes S. . Opequan . . 19, 1864, Shell, chest, flesh. Elliott, Benjamin F. Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, 1864, Shell, contusion in side. Holbrook, RoBwell Cedar Creek . 19, 1864, Gunshot in head, slight. Lary, Andrew J. . McFarland, Loring Cedar Creek . 19, 1864, Gunshot in left leg. Cedar Creek . 19, 1864, GunBhot in great toe. Orcutt, John D. ¦ Opequan . Sept. 19, 1864, Gunshot in left leg, right breast, shell. Whipp, Charles A. Total . . 11 Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, 1864, Gunshot in right arm. COMPANY F. Sergeant. George G. Martin . Corporals. Francis H. Buffum Verwill Q. D. Murdock, Opequan . Opequan . Cedar Creek Opequan . Sept. 19,1864, Sept. 19, 1864, Oct. 19, 1864, Sept. 19, 1864, Gunshot in ankle, slight. Shell wound upon the hip, slight. Gunshot in shoulder, severe. Concussion of shell in breast, slight. WOUNDED IN BATTLE. Table VI. — Company F — Continued. 423 Name. Action. Date. Nature of Wound. Privates. Bolton, James H. . Opequan . Sept. 19,1864, Gunshot in right shoulder. Britton, Frederick F. . Opequan . 19, 1864, Gunshot in breaBt aud hand. Cummings, William J. . Opequan . 19, 1864, Gunshot in left elbow ; amputated. Davis, Murray Opequan . 19, 1864, Grape-shot in left leg below the knee; amputated. Concussion of shell in shoulder. Hill, Taylor E. Opequan . 19, 1864, Lambert, Perrin . Opequan . 19, 1864, Gunshot in right shoulder and lung. Merriiield, Frank B. Opequan . 19, 1864, GunBhot in rieht Bhoulder. Morey, William A. Opequan . 19, 1864, Gunshot through left breast. Morse, James W. . Opequan . 19, 1864. Gunshot in thigh; amputated. Perry, George F. . Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, 1864, Gunshot in left hip and back. Thayer, Edward F. Cedar Creek . 19, 1864, Slight. Tuttle, John B. . Opequan . Sept. 19,1864, Gunshot in foot and left hand. Ward, George P. . Opequan . 19, 1864, Gunshot, right thigh, slight. Total . . 16 COMPANY G. J. W. Sturtevant, 1st Lt. Privates Craig, Allen A. Doolittle, Joseph S. Green, James Hardy, Sanford S. . Hatch, Herbert C. . Jerry, Amiell Kelleher, Timothy Morey, Albert L. . Pierce, Albert S. . Pollard, Ivers E. . Riley, Michael Smith, Royal W. . Spaulding, Austin A. . Total . . 14 Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Cedar Creek Fisher Hill Cedar Creek Opequan . Cedar Creek Opequan . Sept. 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, Oct. 19, 1864, Sept. 22, 1864, Oct. 19, 1864, Sept. 19, 1864, Oct. 19, 1864, Sept. 19,1864, Shell wound in right fore-arm; gunshot wound in left thigh. Gunshot w'nd in little finger; amputation. Gunshot w'nd destroying thumb rt. hand. Gunshot wound in foot. Gunshot wound, entering right eye. Gunshot wound in hip. Gunshot wound in right arm. Right hip. Shell wound in left knee. Severe contusion in head by Mini6-ball. Gunshot wound in lower jaw. Gunshot wound in left shoulder; shell wound in left hand. Shell wound in left ankle. Gunshot w'nd in right thigh, lower third. COMPANY H. W. H. Sargent, 1st Lt. . D. A. Macurdy, 1st Lt. . M. M. Holmes, 2d Lt. . Corporals. Amos C Bailey George M. Barnard Alonzo P. Chamberlain, Corser P. Hamilton Privates. Clement, Charles H. Dolloff, Levi . Hastings, Lyman B. Keegan, John Libby, George A. . Mangan, Dennis . Merrill, Artemas W. Morse, John D. Moulton, Freeman Norwood, John E. Pierce, Edward E. Varney, John S. . Ward, James O. . Williams, Simeon . Total . . 21 Opequan . Opequan . Cedar Creek Cedar Creek Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Opequan . Cedar Creek Cedar Creek Opequan . Cedar Creek Opequan . Opequan . Opequan. Opequan . Opequan . Sept. 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, Oct.Sept. Sept. Oct. Sept.Oct.Sept. 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864. 19, 1864. 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864, 19, 1864. 19, 1864. Gunshot in right arm near elbow. Gunshot in right foot. Slight, in head. Gunshot in left shoulder. Gunshot in back, fieBh. Gunshot wound in left leg. Gunshot in leg. Concussion of shell in hack. Gunshot in left leg above knee. Gunshot in right hip, slight. Sabre wound. Finger of left hand. Shell wound in side ; gunshot in leg. Gunshot in left foot. Gunshot in left arm. Lost little finger of left hand. Slightly.Gunshot in right thigh. 424 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Table VI. — Concluded. COMPANY I. Name. Action. Date. Nature of Wound. Sergeant. Benjamin F. Pierce Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, 1864, Gunshot in right ankle, fracture. Corporal. Marcus M. Lane . Opequan . Sept. 19, 1864, Gunshot in left hand and right hip. Privates. Barker, Frederick L. . Opequan . Sept. 19, 1864, Right thigh, severe. Belanger, Alphonzo Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, 1864, Gunshot in thigh. Barton, Ziba C. Cedar Creek . 19, 1864, Gunshot in chest. Howard, Wilbur F. Opequan . Sept. 19, 1864, Gunshot in right leg, amputated. Huntoon, Ransom . Opequan . 19, 1864, Gunshot in right thigh and left heel. Mitchell, Oliver Opequan . 19, 1864, Gunshot in legs, flesh. Murphy, John Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, 1864, Arm. Shellan, Maurice . Cedar Creek . 19, 1864, Side. Stanley, Clarence . Cedar Creek . 19, 1864, Gunshot in leg. Whittaker, Benjamin . Opequan . Sept. 19, 1864, Left thigh. Welch, William . Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, 1864, GunBhot in left arm. Total . . 13 COMPANY K. Oliver H. Marston, Capt. Cedar Creek . Sept. 19, 1864, Gunshot in left arm, flesh. Sergeants. James H. Gilman, 1st . Opequan . Sept. 19, 1864, Slight. Octavius C. Mason Opequan . 19, 1864, Gunshot wound in arm, slight. Corporals. Jeremiah S. Smith Opequan . Sept. 19, 1864, Left shoulder fracture. Samuel F. Beede . Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, 1864, Gunshot, left rib fracture. Privates. Buzzell, Ebenezer M. . Opequan . Sept. 19, 1864, Gunshot in head, slight. Buzzell, Ransom D. Fisher's Hill . 22, 1864, Gunshot wound in scalp. Emerson, James . Opequan . 19, 1864, Shell, left leg, gunshot in thigh, flesh. Fowler, Trueworthy . Opequan . 19, 1864, Shell in back. Glogget, Enos Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, 1864, Gunshot in thumb. Haggett, Benjamin B. . Opequan . Sept. 19, 1864, GunBhot in right thigh, left leg, flesh. Henry, Lewis Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, 1864, Shoulder. Kent, John . Cedar Creek . 19, 1864, Gunshot, slight wound in neck. Magoon, Asa . Cedar Creek . 19, 1864, Gunshot in elbow. Nelson, John W. . Opequan . Sept. 19, 1864, Gunshot in left foot. Quimby, William F. Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, 1864, Shell in left hip. Kobinson, Samuel D. . Opequan . Sept. 19, 1864, Gunshot in left wrist. Smith, Samuel S. . Opequan . 19, 1864. Total . . 18 / CAPTURED. 425 TABLE TIL CAPTURED. Na3CE. Co. Where Captured. When. Where Confined. Paroled or Exchanged, R. F. Smith, 2d LU A, Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, '64, Libbv Prison and Danville, N.C. Feh. 22, 1865. Crowninshield, D. . A, Opequan . Sept. 19, '64, Salisbury, N.C. Died at Salisbury Nov. 28,1864. Evans, Stephen W. A, Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, '64, Richmond, Va. . Died at Richmond, ^Sov. 25, 1864. Adams, Lewis B, Newm'ket, Va. Sept. 26, *64, Lihby Prison and Belle Isle, Va. Paroled Nov. 1, 1S64. Shepard, H. E. B, Cedar Creek . Oct 19, '64, Libby Prison Died in prison. Stone , Seam on A. . c, Opequan . Sept. 19, *64, Libbv Prison and Belle Isle, Va. Oct. 8, 1864. Beckman, Francis . D, Opeqnan. Sept, 19, '64, Libby Prison and Belle Isle, Va. Parole Thurston, Peleg B. D, Opequan . 19, '64, Lihby Prison and Belle Isle, Va. Paroled Oct 7, 1864. H. J. Rounds, Sergt. E, Near Winches ter, Va. Aug. 15, "64, Libby Prison Exch. Died at Annapo, lis, Md., March 12, '66. Elliot, Benj. F. E, Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, "64, Libby Prison Exchanged Feb. 15, 1865. T. A. Ripley, Capt. F, Cedar Creek . Oct 19, '64, Libbv Prison and Danville, N.C. March, 1865. Farr, Chauncey S. . F, Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, '64, Libby Prison and Salisbury, N.C. Feb. 27, 1865. Snell, David . F, Cedar Creek . Oct 19, "64, - .N ever heard from. Kelleher, Timothy, G, Opeqnan. Sept. 19, '64, Libby Prison and Belle Isle, Va. Paroled Oct. 2, 1S64. Sullivan, Kerry J. . G, Cedar Creek . Oct 19, "64, Libby Prison and Danville, N.C. March, 1865. Webber, Conrad . G, Opeqnan. Sept 19, '64, Salisbury, N.C. . Died in prison. Mitchell, Lewis H, Cedar Creek . Oct 19, '64, - Supposed to have died in prison. Ward, James O. . H, Opeqnan. Sept 19, '64, Woodstock, Va, Recaptured Oct 19, 1864. Knights, Alonzo . I. Opeqnan . Sept. 19, '64, Lihby Prison and Belle Isle, Va. Paroled Oct. 2, '64. Ex ^ changed Nov. 15, 1S64. Mebier, Peter . I, Opeqnan. 19, "64, Lihby Prison and Salisbury, N.C. Paroled Oct. 8, 1864. Osgood, Wm. T. . I, Cedar Creek . Oct. 19, '64, - Paroled Nov. 25, 1S64. Page, John M. I, Opeqnan . Sept. 19, '64, Libbv Prison and Belle Isle, Va, Paroled Oct. 2, '64. Ex- changed Nov. 15, 1S64. Tasker, George I, Opequan . 19, '64, Lihby Prison and Salisbury, N.C. Paroled Oct. S, 1S64. Lee, William . K, Opequan . Sept. 19, '64. Taylor. Peter . K, Cedar Creek . Oct 19, '64. Total . 25 426 FO UR TEENTH NE W HA MP SHIRE. TABLE Till. deaths since discharge. FIELD, STAFF, AND NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Name. Where Died. When. Cause. Place of Burial. Robert Wilson Tileston A. Barker Elihu Thayer Rowe George D. Richardson, Total . . 4 Keene . Keene . Auburnd'Ie, Mass. Hilo, Sandwich I. April 8, 1870, Dec. 7, 1879, March 21, 1867, June 1, 1869, Fatty degenera tion of liver w Cancer . Consumption . Consumption . Keene. Westmoreland. Kingston. Hilo, Sandwich Isl'ds. COMPANY A. Henry M. Staples . Privates. Amsden, John Benton, Frank G. . Bishop, William . Burgess, Charles H. French, Preston L. Greenwood, E. Tyler . Pratt, William L. . Richardson, Milo J. Tupper, Alonzo W. Whittemore, Curtis A. Winchester, Sidney P. Total . . 12 Ashfield,Keene . New-Tork City, Brookline . Boston, Mass. . Akron, O. . Westmoreland . St. Albans, Vt. . Millers F'ls,Mass. Fitchburg, Mass. Walpole Oct. 21 1876, June 23 1881, March 23 1878, Jan. 31 1881, Aug. 23, 1879, Nov. 19 1876, 25, 1867, Oct. 31 1871, June 2, 1874, Sept. 11 1867, Oct. 22, 1865, Killed on loco., Consumption . Bruin disease, (sunstroke), Diptheria Kil. in sawmill, Consumption . Kil. by thresh ing-machine . Consumption . Consumption . Typhoid fever, Epilepsy . Woodland Ce., Keene. Ashfield, Mass. Surry. Hinsdale. Brookline. East Jaffrey. Leominster, Mass. Westmoreland.Chesterfield Factory. Millers Falls. Troy.East Westmoreland. COMPANY' B. Sergeant. Albert H. Tyrell . Springfield, Vt. . April 29, 1866, Consumption . Springfield, Vt. Corporal. George R. Knapp Savannah, Ga. . July 23,1867, Congest, chills, Savannah, Ga. Private a. Blake, Ira E. Surry . Sept. 27,1877, Consumption . Surry. Corbin, Charles N. Concord July 29, 1865, Typhoid fever, Charlestown. Emerson, Bellows Leominst'r, Mass. FarnBworth, John S. . Brooklyn, N. Y. March 28, 1880, Inflam. bowels, Walpole. Gassett, Daniel . Acworth . Sept. 30, 1873, Feb. 9, 1882, Consumption . Acworth. Kreatzer, John F. Walpole Heart disease . Walpole. Marshall, Harlan P. _ _ Parks, Fred S. Charlestown June 9, 1872, Consumption . Charlestown. Powers, James F. Marlow . July 2, 1866, Consumption . Marlow. Total . . 11 DEATHS SINCE DISCHARGE. 427 Table VIII. — Continued. COMPANY O. Name. Where Died. When. Cause. Place of Burial. Charles H. Barrett Stoddard . Killed. Private a. Balch, Perley E. . Keene . Aug. 16, 1866, Fell from load of hay . Keene. Barden, Hiram Keene . June 15, 1879, Rheumatism of heart Old Cemetery, Keene. Blodgett, Edmund Fitcbburg, Mass. Bolio, Theodore . Capron, George I. Harris, Daniel Burlington, Vt. . May 30, 1869, Burlington. Fitzwilliam June 6, 1872, Poisoning Fitzwilliam. Hastings, Emery . Keene . Feb. 11, 1873, Chr. diarrhcea, Keene. Osborn, Daniel P. Fitzwilliam Nov. 27, 1871, - Fitzwilliam. Slyfield, Daniel . Keerie . 1866, Lung-fever Keene. Thayer, John S. . West Swanzey . Chr. diarrhcea. Thomas, Dexter H. Swanzey . Consumption . Swanzey. Thompson, Cyrus H. . Keene . Jan. 27, 1867, Scia. rheumat. Troy. Wheelock, Lincoln Swanzey . Typhoid-fever. Total . . 14 COMPANY D. John N. Brown, 2d Lt. Seabrook . Oct. 17, 1881, B right's dis. . Hampton. Sergeant. John C. Perkins . Hampton . Feb. 6, 1875, Consumption . Hampton. Corporal. Samuel S. Page . Hampton . Nov. 15, 1866, Consumption . Hampton. Privates. Clark, Frank J. . Bradford . — - Consumption . Clough, Oliver G. . Deering July 21, 1877, Lockjaw . East Deering. Crane, Simon J. . Concord Nov. 23, 1880, Consumption . West O'oncord. Day, JameB G. East Weare Dec, 6, 1865, Consumption . Dow, Alfred B. . AmeBbury, Mass. 1875, Consumption . Seabrook. Hamilton, William L. . East Weare Chr. diarrhoea . East Weare. Hodgdon, George W. . Haverhill, Mass. Jan. 17, 1877, Bright's dis. . Newton. McCormick, Bernard . Rowell, Amos Kensington Aug. 9, 1865, Lung-fever Kensington. Schofield, James . Soldiers' Home, Togus, Me. 1876, Selley, Robert M. W. . Deering April 22, 1867, Typhoid-fever, East Deering. Titcomb, Henry H. Iris. Asy. Conc'd, Willard, George S. Monson, Mass. . - - Killed on ele Total . . 16 vator. COMPANY E. Freed. M. Rhodes, Capt John E. Willis, 2d Lt. . Privates. Day, John G. Ford, George W. . Jordan, Thomas J. Knight, Calvin J. . Lane, Henry A. . McFarland, Loring Sherwood, William Underwood, Jesse Webb, George F. . Total . . H Bridgewater, Vt. Gorham Gorham Berlin . Stark . Beaufort* S.C. Stark . Littleton . , Dalton Gorham Jan. 8, 1881, May 19, 1881. 1881, Aug., 1866, Oct. 14, 1877, 1873. Feb. 24, 1879, Hemorrhage. R.R. accident . Falling of tree. FeverHeart-disease . Heart-disease . Gorham. Nat. Cem. Beaufort, S.C. Stark. 428 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Table "Viii. — Continued. COMPANY F. Name. Where Died. When. Cause. Place of Burial. Theod. A. Ripley, Capt. Emanuel Co., Ga. July 23, 1866, Killed by" Ku- Klux " . Winchester. John H. Goodwin, Lt. . Newark, N.J. . June 27, 1881, Chr. diarrhcea, Soldiers' Cem.,Newark. Sergeant. James S. Stoddard Millbury, Mass. . March 30, 1872, Consumption . Millbury, Mass. Corporals. Henry F. Pratt . Winchester Oct. 1, 1866, Consumption . Winchester. Florus H. Wood . Winchester Aug. 26, 1871, Consumption . Winchester. Henry A. Wood . Keene . 15, 1872, Consumption . Winchester. Privates. Brown, Boardwin Keene . July 20, 1867, Chr. gastritis . Keene. Buffum, Jedediah, jun. Brattleboro', Vt. May 12, 1877, Brain disease . Winchester. Cummings, William J. . Stark . 21, 1881, Killed on R.R. Northumberland. Hayes, Patrick Ashuelot . , 21, 1876, Consumption . Keene. Howard, Luther E. Springfiel d, Mass. Dec. 20, 1874, Consumption . Springfield, Mass. Letcher, Edward . Worcester, Mass. 1870, Killed in riot. Lucas, Wesley J. . Milan . Pratt, CbarleB Gill, Mass. . - - Gill, Mass. Wilson, Jesse Peterborough . 1867, Suicide . Hancock. Total . . 15 COMPANY G. Cragin, Chas. 0., 1st Lt. Sergeants. Leathers, John S., Maj. Lowe, George F. . Privates. Bartenback, Christop'r, Casey, John . Craig, Allen A. . Curtin, David Doolittle, William A. . Hazen, Edson S. . Hurd, Cyrus . Lewis, William H. Pettes, James E. . Prescott, Oren D. . Richardson, George W. Robbins, Alfred J. Ryan, John . Sumner, David Total . . 16 Emporia, Kan. JaffreyQuincy, Fla. Jaffrey Keene . Keene . Westmoreland Winchester Dublin Camago, 111. WinchesterWinchendon JaffreyPassedena, Cal. Jaffrey Keene . Manchester Dec.' 15, 1877, March 29, 1870, June 18, 1882, Oct. 6, 1876, May 10 1877, Aug. lb 1874, June 6 1877, Aug. 24 1882, Oct. fi 1865, June fi. 1879, May 5 1881, Sept. 6 1871, Dec. HO 1875, March 17 1881, June 25, 1866, Aug. 1 1881, Sept. « 1971, Consumption . Consumption . Bilious-fever . Diabetes . Dis. of spine . Murdered Congest, brain, Chr. diarrhcea, Consumption . Lung-feverPneumoniaConsumption . Scarlet-fever . Chr. diarrhcea, Consumption . Kil. by cir. saw, Chr. rheumat. Emporia, Kan. Jaffrey. Quincy, Fla. Jaffrey. Keene.Keene.Keene.Winchester.Dublin.Camago, HI. Winchester.Winchendon, Mass. Jaffrey. Passedena, Cal. Jaffrey. Keene.Keene. COMPANY H Hamilton P. Corser Webster . Oct 8, 1881, Consumption . Webster. Cyrus Sanborn Chichester . May 14, 1874, DiabeteB . Chichester. Barnes', Edward W. . _ _ - Bunten, George H. Bow . - Consumption. Ladd, George W. - T - Salisbury. Paro, Peter . Canterbury - - Canterbury. Saltmarsh, Alonzo P. . Bow . Consumption. Thompson, Hiram Webster. . - _ Webster. Total . . 8 DEATHS SINCE DISCHARGE. 429 Tabie Vill. — Concluded. COMPANY L ^tA3£K- "WafiiwPied. ' men. Caase. Plaee at" BariaL A. W. IKeaardson, I;. Lebanon Ifay 4, 1574, BrigT-Vi .fi*. . Lebanon. FsirArss. Bowker, CharUs S. WlimingTion^ Vt. Dec- 2", I^~. n-;icei:e'* Wilminrton. V:. Borden, Edjrar Newport . JcJt 15. 15-50, Cleers !c*drth c»~wrort. Collins, Edward W. - Cornish Flan Occl 7. 15*5&, Fnenmrnia G; mish Flas. Piofcey. Jotseph A. Acworii . Pec- 22. 15t35. p7-j-^T Acworth. Gilnn^ham, Oliver P. . Claremonl; . . April ii. 1563, Crr-X-'n-nn-r . Claremont. Hardy. Wiiliim Niscca Nor. 25. 1571). ^"enr. -:r heart. Xashna. L.ee£, Levi Clsremofffe . -July 1TJ 15T.5. Diarrhoea Wesc Claremont:. Oeaoad, WIQaam T. . Seabrook - Jnne 5, 15*:7. Consumption . . Seabrook. Total . . 9 C01EPAJS"Y" K. SarstiSA^rc. Beajairnn C. Skinner . Baraboo, WL?. Se?tL 5.157?. Consumption . Bara&oo> Wis. Cokpoblai:. Jeremiah. S. Sml:±i Sandwich, - ¦ Jan. XI, 15S0, Woasds ree'dv Sandwich. Pstvates. Bennett, John P. . Sandwi ?h . . _ - rpT.«TTT*TTriQTT- Cofran, Charles H. No. F'e-drr^ke . July 5. 138?, Chr. diarrhoea. ISdrth Ferxhrose. Dolby. Albert T. . Feci :: ro ke .. Anz. 15*55, Tvp ho id-rever. F^mhroie. Prtiker. Henry Amherst; iLirch -?. 1352. Heart-disease- . Amhers^ Esces. Benjamin Sandwich - . July 2S. L5t?£. CojssampCiQH . Sandwich. Haddloek/Geo rze Centre Harbor . — — — Centre Sarccr, Ha^Krc. Stephen 2> . . J»ew~:n „ Jan- 19. 1352. Condemn- don I^eWTOB- HilC-Tobn P. H. Sandwich . 1574. __ _ San-lwieiL Kettey, EHery C. - EpSC' UL . . Pebw 13, 15-5. Heart-Disease . Epsom. Magooa. Asa Sandwich . . Jan. 2. 1'. 5. — — Sandwich. Keteonv Jo&a W. . Concord . July »,1573* Fewer Concord. Pearl, James W. Total . . M 430 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. TABLE IX. ROLL OF SURVIVORS. FIELD, STAFF, AND NOnST-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Name. Residence. Occupation. Married or Single. No. of Children. Samuel A. Duncan William A. Heard . William Henry Thayer . Marshall Perkins . William H. Bryant Albert F. Hussey . Englewood, N.J. Centre Sandwich Brooklyn, N.T. Marlow Rutland, Vt. . Dover LawyerClerk of sup. court . Physician . Physician . . Clerk Howe Scale Co. Merchant . Married Married Married MarriedSingle.Married. Boy 8. Two . Three. One . Four . Girls. Three. Two.Three. COMPANY A. Frank T. Barker . Bradford, Penn. Oil-producer . Married. Charles P. Hall Hinsdale . , Teacher Married . Three, One. Norman Howe Hinsdale Farmer Married . Two' . Two. Kussell F. Smith . Hinsdale . Boss spinner Married . One . Two. Henry B. Fay. Virginia City, Nev. . Expressman Married . One. Elbridge Smith Gilsum Farmer Married . Three, One. Holland Wheeler . Brattleboro', Vt. Dairyman . Married . One. A. Henry Latham . Hinsdale . Mechanic . Married . Two. F. Eugene Hastings North Hinsdale Farmer Married . _ Tjvo. Bethuel J. Davis . Bellows' Falls, Vt. . Car -inspector . Married . One. Jewett P. Wellman Hinsdale . Invalid Single. AdamB, Frederick M. . New- York City Stenographer . Married. Barrett, Jacob Hinsdale . Farmer Married . Four . Two. Bigelow, Milton W. Plantsville, Conn. . Metal pattern-maker, Married . Three, One. Britton, George H. Westmoreland . . Laborer . Single. Brock, Charles E. . Butler, John H. Chesterfield Laborer Married . One . One. Carroll, Horace Salmon Falls . Shoemaker Married. Coggin, John H. Amherst . Farmer Widower . Two. Daggett, Albert M. Corn ton, Vt. Farmer Married . One. Derby, Charles L. . Westmoreland . Farmer Married . One . One. Evans, Nelson R. . Greenfield, Mass. Brakeman . Married. Fisher, Lyman H. . Winchester , , Farmer Married . Three, Two. Fiske, Charles R. . Dublin Farmer Married . One . Two. Fleming, Joseph G-, . Fuller, David J. . Mondovi, Wis. . Lumberman Married . One . One. Brooklyn, N.T. Dentist . Married. Gary, Timothy M. . Brattleboro', Vt. Fireman . Married. Good, Benjamin Chicago, 111. Hostler Married . One . One. Goodnow, Edwin J. Westmoreland . Mechanic . Single. Greeley, James K. . Westmoreland . Farmer . Married . _ Three. Hall, Franklin J. . Putney, Vt. Carpenter . Married . Three, Two. Hamilton, Thomas C. . Hanrahan, Martin . West Swanzey . Monmouth, 111. . Overseer in mill Married . _ Two. Holden, Leonard S. Clerk. Single. Horton, Charles H. Junction City, Kan. Police judge Married . _ Two. Kenney, Chauncey King, John L. Springfield, Vt. Mechanic . Married . Two . Three. Hinsdale . Farmer Married . Four . One. Knowlton, Asa Dublin Farmer Married . One . One. Knowlton, Luke, jun. . Marlborough . Wooden-ware mfr. . Married . Two. Leach, Samuel I. . McLean, 111. Book-keeper , Married . Three. Lewis, George W. . Hinsdale . Machinist . Married . Three. Lewis, Reuben A. . Hinsdale . Machinist . Married. Liscom, L. Frank . Hinsdale . Farmer Married . Two. Liscom, Samuel E. , . Hinsdale . Farmer Married . Two. ROLL OF SURVIVORS. 431 Table IX — Compaxt A — Continued. Name, Residence. Occupation. Married or Single, No. of Children. .Boys. GirU. MeOolles*er, Sumner L. "Xe. Lawrence, N.T. Wooden-Tare mfr. . Married . One. Mason, Allison .1. . Bos.on, Mass- . Merchant . M.UTli'd . — One, Mason, David . P::b:-::: Farmer Single. Mason, James B, . WrsTiv.onhv.td . Farmer Married . One . One. Msnlinv.^, Eii win B, "Marlberonirh Blacksmith Married . One . Two. i5irnf.o:d, Smieon, jnn., Turner's Falls, Mass. Painter Married . _ Four. Miubel]. J.hn E. WV^moreiand . Painter Widower . One . Two- Packard. AVnj-oC, Gaysxille, Yt. . Farmer Married . _ Three, Perham, Elbrid.re Franlchoro' Carpenter . Married . Foot . Two. Fierce, Wj^am 11. Keene Carpenter - Married . One „ Folley, Charles F. . Hinsdale . Finis h" r, woollcn-miTl , Married . _ One. RaWSOT!. Isaac W . . East Westmoreland . Farmer Married . _ One. Richardson, Bavid L. . East Sullivan . Farmer . ; Married . One . One. Behhms. G-o.-tcc B. Grant diiv. Iowa . Farmer Married. Sr.v.iK Orson G. Hinsdale " . Farmer Married . Three, Five. S:vw.,\^: L. Hoc*;; >\,.ls. X.Y. - Machinist . Married . One . One. Sy-ra-cr-e. Andrew (.Trot'.Tvn,-!-!, "N.\. Leather-board mir. . Married . One. Siroiur. Isaiah C . Hinsdale Farmer M..rru'd . Three, Two. Thomas, Henry A. Timothy. Frederick A. . Rochester, N.Y. Laborer . Married. "Wardwell, George. O. . Keene Carpenter ... Married. Welch, Michael * . Wheeler, Lyman K. Whitcomb, Franklin C. . Fitzwilliam Mechanic Single. Perry, Iowa Farmer Married. Woodward, Hiram Westmoreland . Farmer Married . One . Five. Wright, George A. Hinsdale . Flnish^w-oolleo-imll , Married . — One, cojepajstx e. John G. Johnson , New York. N.T. . Physician . Married . _ One. Artemas \1. Adams BurTalo. NY. - Fainter Married . — Five. Charts E. Holhrook . Bi .low* >V:X Vt. . Merchant ... Married . — One. Benrv E. Barr-tit . New Bedford. Mass. Baker Married . — Two. BenrV Kr.^Vt Middli u wn. 0. Plumber & contractor, Married . One . One. Chanes H/ v.-i/.s. yl. . Btitclur * - Married . — One. Charles llartwi 11 . Brovt.u-nce. Iwl. . Machinist . Married . One. Jonathan A. Turner . Avtr. Mass. Fnrni ture-naaker Married . - One. Charles H. Gilhcrt Andover. Mass. Dentist Married . Two . One. Cbannecy 3- Corhin . Charlestown Merchant . Married . One. Abben, Warren . Keene ... Machinist . Married . _ Two. Adams. John Loren Charlestown SaJoon-ke-eper . Married . Two . Two. Aiv.11>, 1 C'tTj* . . l^ncdon . Farmer ... Married . Four . Six. Adams, N.rman L, Sax:, n's Birer. Yt. . Farmer ... Married . One • Two. Kailev. Emanuel D. G. Char.anootra, Ttnn. . — — Single. Benson. Ellerv 0. St. Bonis. Mo. RJl. ticket-seller . Married . Three, One. Braekeit, Fre-. man E. . Sonth Aewurih Fanner ... Married . - One. Brown, Charles H. . Keene RUv. engineer . Married . — Two. Brown, K-odney J. Stoddard ... Hotel-keeper . Married . One . Three. Brown, Willi am H. Bnndy. Amass T. Caldwell, Daniel F. Groton, Mass. . Farmer x carpenter, Married . Three, Two. Surry ... Farmer Married. Caldwell. Joseph W. . G:.sum Farmer Married . One. Casvv. John. Oolborn. Wilson W. CooJey, John F. . Oorhin, James W. diaries' own Uahorer . Married . One . Two. Charlestown Farmer. . Married . One ¦ One. Cornwall. Richard B, . Brookfkid, Mass. . Boot-maker Married . — One. Dicker, G-e-orce P. F,:,suf. Henry Alstead . Oharlosiown FaaTffierCan-maker Married . Married . Two . One- Two. Gasse-u, In. H. 432 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Table IX. — Company B — Continued. Name. Occupation, Married or Single. No. of Children. Boys. Girls. Gates, Henry H. Gowen, CharleB R. Springfield, Mass. . Keene Hotel-keeper . Married . — One. Gowen, George M. Stable-keeper . , . Married . Four . One. Grandy, James U. Concord . Auctioneer & conv'r, Married . — Two. Graves, Frank B. . Keene Bar-tender Married. Green, Charles A. Green, Hiram Charlestown Farmer Married. Hatch, Edward P. Alstead Centre . Farmer Married. Hopkins, John Alstead Centre . Carpenter . Married . Two . One. Kanelion, Michael Bellows Falls, Vt. . Laborer Married. Kelly, John . Albion, N.Y. . Leather-splitter Married . One . Three. Kenyon, David T. Keene Mechanic . Married . Three, Two. Keyes, Alfred G. . Girard, Kan. . Dentist Married . One. Knapp, Charles H. New York, N.T. . Travelling salesman, Married . One. Leland, Van Buren. Lynds, George H. East Hampton, Ct. . Overseer thread-mill, Married . One. McKean, Patrick . Worcester, Mass. Shoemaker Married . Two . Two. McMahan, Michael. Cal. McMann, William San Francisco, Cal. . Livery-stable . Single. Melville, Charles H. . Worcester, Mass. Shoemaker Married . One . Two. Munroe, Ora . Marlow Farmer Married . - Two. O'Brien, Patrick . Sacramento, Cal. Shoemaker Married . Three, -Three. Parks, George W. North Charlestown . Farmer Married . Two . Two. Porter, Charles E. Alstfead . Farmer Married . Two . Two. Reason, Henry. Roundy, Edwin E. Charlestown R.R. fireman Married . — Two. Roundy, Franklin W. . Gilsum Operative . Married. Rumrill, Lucius . Charlestown Farmer Single. Sherman, George A. . Keene Sash & blind manuf. Married. Smith, Erastus Keene Teamster . Married . Two . Two. Spencer, Benjamin E. . So. Lancaster, Mass. Farmer Married . One . Four. Spooner, Stephen A. . Charlestown Carpenter & builder, Married . One . Two. Sullivan, Thomas 0. . Charlestown Shoemaker Married . - One. Tahen, Thomas . Bellows Falls, Vt. . Shoemaker Married . One . Four. Templeman.ElnathanR. New Britain, Conn. Contractor Married . One. Warn, William Walpole . Painter & paper-han. Married . Two. Wetherbee, Edward H. EaBt Westmoreland, Canvasser . Single. Willis, Paul S. . East Westmoreland, Farmer Married . Two . One. Wilson, Charles E. Wilson, Rockwell B. . Boston, Mass. . Salesman . Married . _ Nine. Wright, Charles H. . Langdon . Farmer Married . Three, One. COMPANY C. Ira Berry, jun. Carroll D. Wright Portland, Me. . i Merchant . Married . One. Boston, Mass. . Statistician Married . _ Two. Jeremiah Lyford . Ocean Grove, N.J. . - - Married. Daniel K. Healey . Keene Lawyer Married . One. George W. Nye . Nashua Canvasser . Married . Two . Two. Reuben H. Combs Franklin Falls . - Married . Two . One. William Sebastian Keene Mechanic . Married . Three. Charles H. Gove . Troy .... Invalid Married . Two . One. Ceylon 9. Davis . E. SomerviLIe, Mass. Mechanic . Married . One . Two. Enoch Foster Marlborough . Watchman Married . _ One. George W. B. Coffee. Adelbert A. Houghton, Keene Locomotive engineer, Married . One. Joseph Burcbam . Westmoreland . Miller Married . - Three. Adams, Alphonso A. . Marlborough . Carpenter . Married . One . One. Barber, CharleB H. Barber, Chas. H., jun. . Chicago, III. . Conductor Married . _ One. Barber, John. Barnes, William. Burbank, Franklin Cornish Flat . Painter Married . WOUNDED IN BATTLE. 433 Table IX. — Company C — Continued. Name. Residence. Occupation. Married or Single. No. of Children. Burgess, William. Bnya. Girls. Byam, Benjamin W. . Fitzwilliam Farmer Married . Two . One. Carroll, George Henry, Keene Brick-mason Married . Five . Two. Coates, Darwin C. Cornish Flat Peddler . Married . Three. Collins, Perley E. Great Bend, Kan. . Carpenter . Married . - One. Collins, William . Falls Village, Conn. Mill superintendent . Married . Five . Two. Combs, Carroll L. W. Dummerston, Vt. Carpenter . Married . Three. Combs, Roland M. Orange, Mass. . Farmer Married . Two . Three. CombB, William . W. Dummerston, Vt. Miller Married . Two . One. Conner, James. Cummings, Joseph W. Keene Laborer Married . Two . Three. Davis, Amasa Swanzey . Davis, Isaac A. Marlborough . Truckman Married . One. Dyer, Peter. Fifield, George W. Fuller, Edward F. Worcester, Mass. Gallagher, Frank . Keene Laborer . Married . One . One. Gilmore, Charles G. . Keene Hardwood finisher . Married . One . Four. Gorman, Michael . Keene Laborer Married. Hayden, Thomas D. Fitzwilliam Stone-cutter Widower . - One. Hill, Charles H. . Plainfield . Mechanic . Married . Three, Six. Holbrook, Henry D. . Swanzey. Holman, Ira B. Keene Stone-mason Married . One . One. Howard, Ambrose W. . Keene Mason Married . Three, One. Kingsbury, Henry Chesterfield Farmer Married . Four. Leach, James Keene Mechanic . Married . Two. Mattoon, Charles W. . Northfield, Mass. Farmer Single. Mattoon, Samuel . Northfield, Mass. Farmer Married . Three, Three. Morse, Ansil A. . Montrose, Mich. Teacher . Married . - One. Nash, Horace H. . New Tork Married . One . Two. Parker, John A. . Keene Dairyman . Married . One . One. Philbrick, Charles W. Pope, Theodore. Ramsdell, Joseph H. . Fitzwilliam Laborer Married . Reynolds, Eli W. . Richardson, Delevan C. Richmond. Marlborough . Machinist . Married . - One. Shattuck, Frank. Sherman, Peter. Slyfield, Franklin . Brattleboro' Teamster . Married . - Two. Smith, William Peterboro*. Starkey, Horace B. Freeville, N.T. Stevenson, Charles E. Stone, Julius O. . Wilsonville, Neb. . Farmer Married . Six . Three. Stone, Seaman A. . Chicago, 111. Weigher . Married . One . One. Stone, Stillman S. Fitzwilliam Miller Single. Stone, William W. Keene Ice-peddler Married. Tolman, Sidney E. Denmark, Me. . Wooden- ware manuf. Totten, Christopher Grand Rapids, Mich. Watchman Married . Four . One. Totten, James Ionia, Mich. Foreman, brickyard, Married . Three. Ward, Harrison R. South Keene . Mechanic . Married . Three. Whitcomb, Darius H. . Fitzwilliam Painter Widower . Two . One. Whitcomb, Wright Fitzwilliam Mechanic . Married . Two . One. Wilbur, Chandler A. . Orford. COMPANY D. Caleb W. Hodgdon John N. Bruce Boston, Mass. . Manchester Dentist Furn'g undertaker . Single. Married . One. Elbridge D. Hadley . John V. Bowie George N. Janvrin John W. Locke Lu Verne, Minn. WeareAmesbury, Mass. Seabrook . Lawyer and banker . Shoemaker Carriage-dealerMerchant . Married. Married . Married . Married . Three, One . One. Two. One. Moses Wadleigh . Charles Hastings . Francis Beckman . Thomas J. Wiggin Manchester Warrensburg, 111. . Seabrook . Manchester Clerk. Farmer ShoemakerMilk-dealer Married.Married . Married . Married . One . Four . One.-Three. 434 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Table IX. — Cowpany D — Continued. Name. Residence. Occupation. Married or Single. No. of Children. • Boys. Girls. Josiah Gove . Pittsfield . Foreman shoe-fact'y, Married. Stephen M. Wilson Manchester Brush-maker . Married. Otis G. Cilley . Augustine W. Collins East Weare Farmer Married . Two . One. Minneapolis, Minn. . Millwright Married . Two . Two. Henry H. Titcomb. John L. Collins. Addison, John Newton - Single. Beale, Sumner Seabrook . Shoe-manufacturer . Married. Blake, George Kensington Grocer Single. Boyd, Daniel . Seabrook . Shoemaker Married . Two . Two. Boyd, Lewis . East Salisbury, Mass Shoemaker Married . Two . Two. Breed, Enoch W. . Weare Merchant and farmer, Married . Two . One. Brown, Ira E. . Kensington Shoemaker Married . One . Brown, Webster Seabrook . Farmer Married . Two. Bruce, John R. Manchester Undertaker, etc. Married . Two. Butler, Walter N. . Hampton Falls . Shoemaker Single. Chapin, Charles A. . Keene Butcher Married. Chase, Nathaniel Wiimot . Farmer Married . One. Chase, Stephen W. . Seabrook . Shoemaker Single. Colby, John B. South Weare . Farmer Married . One. Couch, Stephen C. . Kidder, Mo. Carpenter . Married . Two. Crane, Solomon J. . Suncook . Day, Henry C. Amherst . Farmer Married . One. Dow, Simeon L. Haverhill, Mass. Shoemaker Single. Davis, Daniel S. Eaton, Abner L. South Seabrook Shoemaker Married . Two . Three. Eaton, Robert C. . Seabrook . Shoemaker Married . Two . Three. Eastman, Morrill S. Ellsworth, Joseph. Emery, Parker A. . Worcester, Mass. Stationery engineer . Married . _ Two. Favor, Nelson H. . Laconia Hosier Married . Two . Three. Godfrey, Oliver H. . Hampton . Carpenter . Married . Two. Godfrey, Jacob T. . Hampton . Engineer . Married . One . Two. Gove, Albert . Seabrook . Carpenter . Married . Four . Three. Gould, Humphrey N. Bradford . Lumber manufact'r . Married . _ One. Gillespie, James A. Haladay, George C. Henniker . . Teamster . Married . Three, One. Hayes, Joseph B. . Richmond, Ind. Railroad conductor . Married. Heffron,. Patrick Hodgdon, William H. . Kensington Farmer Married . Two. Janvrin, John S. Seabrook . Shoemaker Married . Two . Two. Janvrin, Joshua East Salisbury, Mass. Shoemaker Married . Four . Four. Jones, Eiiphalet Weare Shoe-cutter Married . Two . One. Kimball, Charles B. Leavitt, Jeremiah K. Kensington Invalid Single. Leonard, James. March, George W. . Danville . Shoemaker Married . _ One. Marston, Otis H. Hampton * Farmer Married . One . Marston, William W. W. Fitchburg, Mass. Direct, st. fire engine. Married . One . Mayo, Joseph . Brookline, Mass. 8tone~ dealer Married . One . One. McKelleps, Harvey J. . Moffitt, Frank T. . North Weare . Mechanic . Married . One . Two. Littleton . Physician . Married . Two. Morrill, James East Canaan Farmer Single. Muzzey, Warren H. Hillsboro' Bridge Invalid Married. Osborne, Jesse B. . Weare Wood and lum. dTr, Married . _ One. Peacock, Hyla D. . Kensington Invalid Married . Two. Peasley, Edwin N. . Deering . Farmer Married . One. Randall, William H. Seabrook . Shoemaker Married . Two . Three. Stott, Charles . Swett, George W. . Montreal, P.Q. . Hotel manager . Married . One . One. Terrill, Benjamin . East Canaan Farmer Married . Two . Two. Thompson, Samuel E. . Charlestown, Mass. . Cook. Thurston, Peleg B. North Weare . Mechanic . Married . _ Two. Wallace, Silas R. . Manchester Weaver Married. White, Philander C. Concord Marble-Cutter . Married. Whitney, Leonard F. Haverhill, Mass. Hotel -clerk Married. Wright, James A. . N. Montpelier, Vt. . Factory employee . Married . One . One. ROLL OF SURVIVORS. 435 Table IX. — Continued. COMPANY E. Name. William Cobleigh . Franklin Wheeler . John A. Harriman Thomas J. Lary David S. Harvey . William A. Willis . George W. Purington Ormando Lary Theodore Moran George R. Holmes . Abel H. Wesson Applebee, George . Ball, Emery M. D. . Bartlett, George S. . Bean, Caleb F. Blair, William Boutwell, Frank Cobleigh, Charles . Colby, Moses . Cotton, Aaron . Crawford, Bryant E. Cross, Alanson. Curtis, Moses S. Dolan, John. Dow, Alden A. Dustin, Joseph H. Eastman, Darius G. Ellingwood, Oscar P. Elliott, Benjamin F. Emery, Nathaniel . Evans, Edwin F. Evans, John C. Evans, William Folsom, Stephen P. Forbes, Erastus W. Gaskell, Rufus D. . Goodnow, Henry . Goud, George S. . Grey, Jared Greenlaw, John W. Gritfin, Daniel Hastings, John G. Hawkins, Alpheus W. Henderson, John. Henson, Charles Henson, Moses Hogan, William D. Holbrook, Roswell . Holbrook, William W. . Hodge, Ida A. . Hubbard, James O. Ingerson, George W. Johnson, William W. Jordon, Harry W. Lary, Andrew J. . Larry, Edolph Leonard, Henry O. Lovejoy, John B. . Lyons, Patrick. Marshall, Freeman . Mathy, John Edward. Massure, Erastus . Morse, John . Moulton, Benjamin F. Residence. Occupation. Married or Single. No. of Children. Grafton, Dak. . Berlin Mills , Wis. West Milan South Boston, Mass, Milan Chocorua.Milan Jefferson. Meadows . Stratford. Milan. Milan.Waterford.Vt. . West Milan. Whitefield Boston . Shiocton, Wis. Lancaster.West Milan North Paris, Me. North Littleton Stark. Gorham. Rumford Point, Me, Milan . Gorham . Waterford, Vt. West Milan Milan Corner . Lancaster . Gorham.Gorham . Milan.Groveton.Groveton. Fairlee, Vt. Stark.Guildhall, Vt. . Whitefield.Jefferson. Milan . Milan . West Milan Stockton, Cal. Portland, Me. Littleton. Clergyman. Mechanic . FarmerMachinist . Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Livery- stable Lumberman Farmer ManufacturerFarmer FarmerBlacksmith & farmer, Engineer . Blacksmith Farmer FarmerCarpenter & farmer Laborer FarmerMillman LumbermanFarmer Farmer & book agt. . MarriedMarried MarriedMarriedMarried Married Widower. Married. Married Married Married Married MarriedMarried MarriedMarried Married MarriedMarried Married Married Married Married. Married Married Boy 8. One.Two. Two . Girls. Two, Three, One. Five . One. One. Seven, Three,Three, Three,One . Two . Four. Three, One. One . Three Three, One. Three, One. Three, One. One . Three. One . Four. - Two. Two . One. Three. One. Four. One. Four. 436 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Table IX. — Company E — Continued. Name. Residence. Occupation, Married or Single. No. of Children. Boys. Girls. Murphy, James. Neal, William H. Nutter, Charles E. Orcutt, John D. Jefferson . Farmer Married . One. Ordway, Daniel. Oswald, Carl B. Page, Henry . Milan. Farmer & lumb'rm'n, Married . Five . Two. Perham, Leonard. Pike, John D. Rich, Spaulding S. Whitefield. Richardson, Lemuel M. Rowe, James M. No. Cherryfield, Me. Rugg, Sewall F. Chesterfield Farmer Married . Two. Sabine, Frank. Seavey, W. H. Sessions, Sumner . Rumford, Me. . Farmer Married . Seven, Three. Stalbird, William H.H. . Dalton. Stillings, Ruel P. . Jefferson . Blacksmith. Stone, Munroe J. . Groveton . Farmer Married . One . Two. Terry, Joseph . Twitchell, Charles M. . Shiocton, Wis. . Farmer Married . Two . Two. Wallace, Asahel K. Lisbon. Watson, Pembroke S. Wentworth, Thomas. Wheeler, Algier B. Stratford. Whipp, Charles A. Lancaster . Farmer Married . Four . One. York, Horace . Milan Corner . Farmer Married . Two . One. Young, Antipas. Toung, David. COMPANY F. Stephen Phelps Simcoe, Out. Gentleman Married . One. George G. Martin . Orange, Mass. . Canvasser . Married . - One. John F. Hunt . Swanzey . Blacksmith Married . Five . Three. Henry H. Howe Chesterfield Factory, Mechanic . Married . One . Three. Charles G. Howard Springfield, Mass. . Gardener . Married . One. Novatus Graves So. Deerfield, Mass. . Blacksmith Single. TJ. Barrett Fosgate . Winchester Mechanic . Married . One . Two. Henry E. Baldwin . Athol, Mass. . Laborer Single. Calvin P. Gilson Putney, Vt. Landlord . Married . One . Two. Ball, Charles W. W. . New-Tork City Buyer and speculator, Married. Bancroft, Clinton A. Worcester, Mass. Teamster . Married . - One. Barden, Abner S. Richmond . Farmer Married . One . Two. Bolton, James H. . Ashuelot . Farmer Married . Two . One. Boyd, Jeremiah T. . Britton, Frederick F. Surry Invalid Single. Buffum, Francis H. Boston, Mass. . Journalist . Married . Four . Two. Casey, John . Casey, Thomas Portland, Me. . Invalid Single. Clark, Charles A. Clogley, John. Cohen, Isaac . Savannah, Ga. Colburn, Charles 0. Brattleboro', Vt. Mechanic . Married . One . Three. Colburn, Henry Baldwinsville, Mass. Farmer Married . Three. Conley, James Henry . Monticello, Ark. Brickmaker Single. Converse, Julius C. Worcester, Mass. Machinist . Married . One. Cummings, John Lincoln, Neb. . Laborer Single. Darling, Calvin G. . Chesterfield Farmer Married . - Two. Davis, Murray . , Chesterfield Farmer Married . One . One. Day, George A. Hinsdale . Carpenter . Married . One. Eaton, Loren, jun. . Chesterfield Farmer Married . - One. Englebrick, John . ROLL OF SURVIVORS. Table IX. — Company F — Continued. 437 Name. Residence. Occupation. Married or Single. No. of Children. Boys. Girls. Farr, Bradford C. . Chesterfield Factory, Miller Married . One. Farr, Chauncey S. . Hinsdale . Machinist . Widower . Two. Farr, Larkin D. West Chesterfield . Merchant . Married . One. Farr, Wesley 0. West Burke, Vt. Farmer Married . One . One. Field, Marshall Pembroke . Frost, Sumner F. . Groveton . Trader Married . _ Four. Hared, John . Harris, Lorenzo, jun. Orange, Mass. . Carpenter . Married . Two . One. Hastings, Foster W. South Charlestown . Farmer Married . One . One. Hastings, Herbert R. North Hinsdale Farmer Married . One. Hill, George . Hill, Taylor E. Chesterfield Factory, Farmer Single. Holbrook, Charles H. . Westport . Farmer Married . _ One. Holbrook, George B. Holyoke, Mass. Paper manufacturer, Married . One . One. Hutchins, Henry E. Sioux City, la. . Hyde, Ira D. . King, Peter Lambert, Perrin So. Durham, P.Q. . Invalid Widower . Two. West Milan Farmer Married . Three, Two. Lewis, Sumner f Lincoln, Lucien 0. . Chesterfield Factory, Laborer Married . Two . One. McKay, James. Martin, James. Merrifield, Frank 0. Winona, Minn. Farmer. Moore, John H. Gr. Cove Spr'gs, Fla. Morey, William A. . Westport . Pail-turner Married . One . One. Morse, James W. Murdock, Robert E. Prairie Grove, Wis. . Farmer Single. Murdock, Verwill Q. D. . Springfield, Mass. . Mechanic . Married . One . One. Nims, George H. . Bellows' Falls, Vt. . Tinsmith . Married . Two . Two. Perry, George F. . Marlborough Mechanic . Married . Three, Three. Pheany, Andrew . Portland, Me. . Invalid Single. Reede, Charles P. . Winchester Farmer Married . Three, One. Roark, Francis Ashuelot . Mill operative . Married . _ ¦ One. Rourke, John . South Hampton Scott, George D. West Chesterfield . Invalid Married . One . Two. Smith, Edward 0. . Winchester Mechanic . Married . One. Smith, Henry . Gilsum Snow, Henry H. West Chesterfield . Farmer Single. Thayer, Edward F. Greenfield, Mass. Mechanic . Married . Two. Thompson, Daniel H. . Winchester Farmer Married . Seven. Tiboux, Peter . Gilsum Tuttle, John B. Seabrook . Ward, George P. . Troy .... Wood-turner . Married. Welles, Sidney I. . Gorham Farmer Married . - Two. Wheeler, Charles W. . Wilbur, Henry L. . Wright, L. Warren Surry Farmer Married . One. Keene Travelling salesman, Married . Two. COMPANY G. Solon A. Carter Concord . State treasurer . Married . Two. C. Fred Webster . Keene Lawyer Married . - One. Spencer L. Bailey . Fredonia, N.T. Banker Married . One. Flavel L. Tolman . Leomister, Mass. Furniture manufac'r, Married . One . One. John W. Sturtevant Keene Merchant . Married . Two. James W. Russell . Keene Merchant . Married . - One. Edward B. Howard Chicago, 111. Pork-packer Married. Samuel L. Gerould Goffstown . Clergyman Married . Three, Three. Maro J. Chamberlain Frisco, Utah Miner Single. Calvin K. Day . Detroit, Minn. . Merchant . Married . One. George Kehue . Boston, Mass. . Cigar-maker Married . One . One. James H. Hunt Nashua City marshal Married . One. Hartford, Conn. Bottler of soda-water, Married. Thomas S. Mower . Fitchburg, Mass. Machinist . Widower . One. Two. Austin A. Spaulding Concord . Vocalist . Married . One. 438 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Table IX. — Company G — Continued. Name. Residence. Allen, Calvin, jun. Bahaw, John . Barrett, William A. Blodgett, Sylvester Brown, James T. Buckwold, Jacob Burns, Patrick Burns, Thomas F. Cooper, Albert Cutter, Edward E. Cutter, Edwin R. Doolittle, John H. Doolittle, Joseph S. Drake, William S. Ellis, Lyman . Farwell, John T. Frost, John Gerry, Ira Green, James . Greenwood, Leroy Hatch, Herbert C. Hill, Horace J. Houston, J. Augustine Jerry, Amiell . Jillson, Almon L. Kelleher, Timothy Kinson, John Q. Law, Charles D. Learned, Marion D. Lettenmayer, Otto Levoy, Henry E. Martin, Alvin K. Merrifield, Charles B. Morey, Albert L, Morse, Henry F. Mower, Nabum W. Murdough, Samuel C O'Brien, William D. Osborne, H-nry E. Parker, William Pierce, Albert S. Pollard, Ivers E. Poole, Joel H. Poole, John W. Putnam, Edwin F. Reed, J. Langdon Rice, John C. . Richardson, Herbert 0. Riley, Martin . Riley, Michael Robb, William P. Rolf, William H. Royleigh, Peter W. Scott, James H. Shedd, Granville Shepherd, Frank B. Smith, Marcus M. Smith, Royal W. Smith, Samuel M. Spaulding, Leonard E. Steck, Frederick Sullivan, J. Kerry Turner, Henry A. Wellman, Israel P. Willard, Lucius S. Wright, Daniel West Rindge Lowell, Mass. . Keene KeeneJaffrey East Jaffrey KeeneWest Peterboro' Boston, Mass. . Marlboro' . , . East Jaffrey Springfield, Mass. . Weirs Boston, Mass. . Everett, Mass. . HarrisvilleEast Jaffrey Claremont . North Branch . PeterborO' . Walpole . Worcester * South Acton, Mass. . Claremont . Templeton, Mass. Keene S. Ashburnh'm, Mass, East Jaffrey So. Vineland, N.J. . KeeneRumney . Marlborough Algona, lo. Togus, Me. East Jaffrey East Jaffrey East Washington ColumbuB, O. . New Florence, Mo. . Deadwood, Dakota . Fitcbburg, Mass. Athol Centre, Mass. JaffreyFitzwilliam Depot . Fitcbburg, Mass. Stoddard . Providence, R.I. Stonebam, Maes. E. Portland, Oregon, Keene Westminster, Mass. . Peterboro'South Acworth Stoddard . Upper Bedford, P.Q. Denver, Col. Worcester, Mass. KeeneSt. Louis, Mo. . Jaffrey Cleveland, O. . Washington, D.C. . Gardner, Mass. Gilsum Jersey City Gilsum Occupation. Married or Single. Mechanic & farmer CarderBrickmaker ButcherFarmer InvalidBrick-mason Spinner Expressman Stone-work CurlierCanvasser . Hotel-keeper . Machinist . Manufacturer . Mechanic ¦ FarmerTeamster . Teamster . Paper- maker FarmerStationary engineer FarmerFactory-hand . Cabinet-maker . Machinist's helper LaborerCutlery-grinder Fruit-grower . ConfectionerLadder-maker . Carpenter . Railroading Soldiers' Home Mechanic . Station agent . Farmer Plumber & steam fit. LaborerLawyer Machinist . Lumberman Farm'r & sum'r hotel, FarmerShoemaker FarmerR.R. conductor Shoe manufacturer . Boot and shoe dealer, LaborerSupt. of almshouse . Carpenter . Laborer FarmerMachinist . Machinist . Iron-moulderMachinist . LawyerFarmerLaborerC'k, 5th auditor Livery-keeperFarmerSalesman, New Tork, Farm. & horse breed'r, s Off] Married. Married Married MarriedMarried Married Married MarriedMarriedMarried. MarriedMarriedMarried Married. MarriedMarried MarriedMarriedMarried MarriedMarriedMarriedMarriedMarriedMarried Married MarriedMarried.MarriedMarriedMarried Marri ed MarriedWidower.MarriedMarriedMarried MarriedMarried Married , Married.Married. MarriedMarriedMarried Married Married . Married Married. Widower . Married. Married . Married t Married . Married . Married . Married . Married . Married . Married . Married . Single.Married . Married . Married . Married . No. of Children. Boys. Two . Three,Two . One . Five . Four . Two.Two . Two . Three. Girls. One. Three.Four. Three. One. Two. One. One. _ One. Two . One. One . Two. One. Two. One. Two . One. Four . Two. Two. Two . Five. Three. Two . One. One . One. _ Two. Two . One. Three, One. Two . One. One . One. Four . Two. _ Two. Two . One. Three, One. One . Two. Four . Two. One. One . One. One . One. One . One. One . One. One. Two . One. Two . One. Dne . Three - Three Dne . Three Dne . One. - Three Dne . Two. - Two. One.One. Four One.Two Two.Two. Two. ROLL OF SURVIVORS. 439 Table IX. — Continued. COMPANY H. Name. Residence. Occupation. Married or Single. No. of Children. Boys. Girls. William E. Bunten Woodstock, Conn. . Teacher Married . One . Two. Albert H. Sawyer . North Weare. Walter H. Sargent . Bridgewater Farmer Married . Two . Two. David A. Macurdy . Minneapolis, Minn. . Shipping agent . Cashier Married. Marcus M. Holmes . Chicago, 111. Married . One . One. George F. Blanchard Pine Ridge Ag., Dak. Trader Married. Joseph C. Muncey. Timothy E. Bayley Plymouth. Nathan P. Gilmore Newport . Carriage- maker Married . One . Three. Charles F. Heath . Lynn, Mass. Horse-car conductor, Alexander, Benjamin D. Bailey, Amos C. Francestown Farmer Single. Barnard, George M. Warner Farmer . . Single. Bell, Robert . Manchester Stone-cutter Married. Blanchard, Henry H. Rondout, N.Y.. Telegraph operator . Married . - One. Bradbury, Samuel G. Brown, Elbridge C. Hopkinton Farmer Married . One . Three. Dunbarton Farmer Married . Two . One. Brown, Frederick T. Chichester Farmer Widower . One. Brown, Joseph. Buzzell, William North Chichester Farmer Widower . Two. Call, Chellis E. Chichester Painter Married . Four . Five. Cashman, John. Chamberlain, Alonzo P. Dunbarton Farmer Married . One . Three. Clement, Charles H. George's Mills . Farmer Married . Four. Cochran, George S. Colby, Daniel A. Francestown. Colby, George 0. . Derry Cooper Married . - One. Corser, David S. Concord Lawyer Single. Dolloff, Levi . Campton . Farmer Married . Four . One. Emerson, John R. . North Dunbarton Farmer . . Married . One . Two. Frazier, Lewis. Frothingham, George H. Gale, Augustus L. Garland, Alonzo E. George, Sullivan H. Goshen Mill Village, Harness-maker . Married . Three, Three. Haines, James H. . Concord Clergyman Married. Haines, Thomas Concord. Hastings, Lyman B. Hurd, Ira, jun. Goshen. Jeffers, Edward F. . South Tamworth Farmer Married. Two . Two. Keegan, John. Lapoint, Francis. Lear, Edwin B. Sutton Farmer Married. Lear, George B. Newport . Blacksmith Married. Libby, George A. . Contoocook Carpenter . Married . Two . Three. Libby, William H. . Lougee, Abner H. . Winchester, MaB». . Carpenter . Married . Three. West Campton . Mechanic . Married . Three, One. Mangan, Dennis West Gardner, Mass. Cbairmaker Married . Two . One. Marstin, George W. Merrill, Artemas W. Forge Village, MaBS. Sausage-maker . Married . Two . One. Moody, William H. Morse, John D. Fisherville Butcher . Married . One . Two. West Campton . Farmer Married . Three, Fi ve. Moulton, Freeman . West Campton . Farmer Married . Two . Three. Moulton, Freeman L. Plymouth. Norwood, John E. . Richmond . Postmaster Single. Parker, William P. Mendota, 111. Organ manufacturer, Married . One. Perry, Samuel M. Perkins, Joseph 0. . Warren Concord . Farmer Carpenter . Married . Married . Two . One. Two. Peters, Peter . Francestown. Pierce, Edward E. . Walpole . Farmer Married . One. Poor, Wilson E. Roby, George S. Warner. Russell, David O. . Sanborn, Henry M. Bow .... Chichester Farmer.Farmer Married . Two . One. Scribins, Thomas L. 440 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Table IX. — Company H — Continued. Name. Residence. Occupation. Married or Single. No. of Children. Boys. Girls. Smith, Simeon C. Stanyan, James Chichester _ Single. Towle, Charles H. . ChicheBter _ Married. Varney, John S. Ward, James 0. West Campton . Farmer Married . - Two. Wheeler, Robert E. Manchester Butcher . Married . One. Williams, John E. Williams, Simeon, Wilson, Leonard. Winn, John. COMPANY I. Sylvester M. Bugbee Cornish Flat . Farmer Married . Two. Ransom Huntoon . Newport . Mill employee . Married . Two . Two. Thomas J, Morrill . Grantham . Trader Married . Two. Benjamin F. Pierce Stough ton, Mass. Locomotive engineer, Married . One . Three. Ezekicl H. Hadley . Bradford . Blacksmith Married . Three, Two. Peter Crowell . Newport . Farmer Married . Five . Six. Hiram H. Darling . Lebanon . Scythe- grinder . Married . Three, One. Daniel C. Currier . Grantham . Farmer Married . Four . One. George 8. Jones Boston, Mass. . Wine-clerk Married . _ Eben W. Parker . Whitefield Shingle- sawyer Married . Two . Two. Jason A. Perkins . South Newbury Blacksmith Married . Three, Three. Abbott, Willis S. . Amoskeag Farmer . . Married . Two . Two. Ashey, John . Hartford, Vt. . Farmer Married . One. Ashey, Lewis . Old Orchard, Mass. . Farmer Married. Bailey, Cyrus S. Nashua Iron & steel worker, Married . _ Two. Barker, Frederick L. Bellows Falls, Vt. . Boarding-bo. keeper, Married . One . Four. Barton, ZibaC. Brown, George Kensington Farmer Married . _ One. Chapman, James H. White River Jet., Vt. Laborer Widower . One . One. Clough, Newton Grantham . Clergyman & farmer, Married . One. Colburn, Walter F. South Newbury Farmer Married . Four . One. Cram, George F. Newport . Farmer Married . _ One. Cumings, Charles B. Cornish Flat . Farmer Married . _ Two. Dodge, Simeon S. . Chandlerville . Farmer Married . One . Two. Dudley, Winthrop C. South Newbury Invalid Married. Fitch, Luther, jun. . Manchester Laborer Married . _ Two. Foss, Walter H. , . Claremont Gardener . Married . _ Three. Foster, Charles E. . Erie, Penn. Stove-manufacturer, Married . One . One. Gaut, John S. . Grantham . Farmer Married . One. Gove, Charles R. . Kensington Farmer Married . Two. Hall, Levi D., jun. . Claremont Carpenter & farmer, Married . One . One. Haven, Abiel L. Corniah Centre Mechanic Married . Two . Two. Hibbard, John B. . Woodstock, Vt. Farmer Married . Two. Hoban, Patrick Claremont Paper-maker Married . Four . Three. Howard, Waldo L. Lebanon . Carriage-maker Married . Two. Howard, Wilbur F. Cornish Flat Farmer Married . Three. Hunter, Harlan P. . Claremont. Stair-builder Married . Two. Hurley, Martin V. B. Windsor, Vt. . Hairdresser Married . Two . One. Knight, Alonzo Washington Carpenter . Married . Two . Three. Lane, Marcus M. . Lebanon . Carriage-painter Married . Two . One. Mace, Henry C. McMahan, John. Claremont. Teamster . Married . Two. McMaban, Michael . North Charlestown . Invalid Married . Four . One. Miller, Jonathan, jun. . Thompsonville,Conn. Merchant . Married . Four. Miller, Theodore. Mullen, Hugh. Oliver, Mitchell Claremont Truck'n & wood deal. Married. O'Brien, Cornelius. Page, John M. North Newport Manuf. woodenware, Married . Two . Five. Peasley, George W. Wellesley, MaBB. Supt. shoe-factory . Married . Two . One. ROLL OF SURVIVORS 441 Table IX. — Company I — Continued. Name. Residence. Occupation. Married or Single. No. of Children. Boys. Girls. Pike,. Clarence F. . Newport . North Grantham Jack-of-all-trades Married . Four . Two. Saunders, Lyman P. Blacksmith Married . One . Six. Short, John N. West Lebanon . Invalid Married . Two . Four. Shellan, Morris. Stockwell, Charles H. . Newport . Colebrook . Farmer Married. Stoddard, Hezekiah Invalid Married. Stowell, Freeman S. Weare Out of business Widower . One . One. Stowell, George H. Claremont. Woodenware manuf. Married . Two . Three. TaBker, George Parker's Landing, Pa. Petroleum oil busin's, Married . One . One. Wallace, William . Grantham . U. S. mail-carrier Married . Six . One. Welch, William . East Lempster . Farmer M arried . Five . Four. Whittaker, Benjamin Harbor Springs, Mich. Farmer Married . Three, One. Woodbury, Albert . Bradford . Farmer Married. Woodward, Charles Meriden . Farmer . . . Married . One . Four. COMPANY K. Oliver H. Marston . Stoneham, Mass. Machinist . Married . One. James H. Gilman . Grand De Tour, 111. Octavius C. Mason . Sterling, III. Druggist . Married . One . Two. James M. Parrott . Moultonboro' . Farmer Married. John M. Prentiss Pembroke. Russell Graves Sandwich . Farmer Married. Lemuel F. Vittum . Sandwich . Farmer Married. George N. French . Washington, D.C. . Treasury clerk. Married. Enoch S. Eastman . Swarapscott, Mass. . Watchmaker . Married . Two. Daniel R. Gilman . Muscatine, lo. . Farmer Married. Samuel F. Beede . Northfield, Minn. Teacher Married . Two . One. J. Marcellus Smith . Haverhill, Mass. Shoemaker Married . - One. John L. Smith . Cambridgep't, Mass. Organ-tuner Married . One . One. Atwood, John . North Sandwich Farmer Married . One. Baker, Benjamin Pembroke. Basacca,i Antonio. Bennett, Amos W. . North Sandwich Farmer Married. Bennett, William H. Westmoreland, Kan. Blood, Herman Garden Bay, Mich. Brown, Warren J. . North Sandwich Farmer Married . Four . One. Buckalow, John. Burnham, James H. Buzzell, Ebenezer M. . Lake Village . Hair-dresser Married. Buzzell, Ransom D. Lake Village . Carpenter . Married. Chase, James E. Lowell, Mass. . Machinist . Married . Two. Cook, Jesse H. Centre Sandwich Farmer Married. Cowan, Wentworth S. . Tamworth. Densiro, Dennis. Dobson, James. Dustin, Ezekiel E. . Taunton, Mass. Farmer Married . Four . Three. Emerson, James Fryeburg Centre, Me. Farmer Married . One . Three. Estes, William H. . Sandwich . Farmer Married . Two . Fellows, Benjamin F. . Centre Sandwich Farmer Married. Fowler, Trueworthy Allenstown Farmer Married . Two. Frye, John Moultonboro' . Farmer Married. Gazhoe, Alexander. Glidden, Warren A. Concord . Machinist. Gloget, Enos. Gobs, John W. Centre Sandwich Farmer Married. Gove, John M. Haggett, Benjamin B. . Harriman, Edgar . East Pembroke Chatham . Farmer Farm, andb'eksmith, Married . Married . Two . Three, Two. Two. Harriman, Phleman Eaton. Henry, Lewis. Huntress, Andrew . Sandwich . Farmer Single. 442 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. Table IX. — Company K — Concluded. Name. Residence. Occupation. Married or Single. No. of Children. Boys. Girls. Kent, John Rochester . Farmer Single. Le BoBquet, Henry 8. . Lee, William. Boston, Mass. . Printer Married . One . Three. Manchester, Lorenzo D. McGowan, Thomas. Moony, Isaac G. Tllton. Morse, John H, 1-Ioiderness Farmer Married . One . Two. Moulton, Henry H. Murray, Patrick. Meredith Village . Farmer Married. O'Brien, Edward. Page, Henry P, Nebraska City, Neb. Clergyman Married . Two . One. Plummer, Ilcnry . Carnbrblgup't, Mass. North Sandwich Quimby, William F. Carpenter . Married . One. Robinson, Frank P. Pembroke. Robinson, Samuel D. Pembroke. Schmidt, John. SlmpHon, William . Concord . Farmer Marrl ed * One . Two. Sinclair, Edwin D. . Meredith Village . Job teamster . Married. Smith, Daniel M. . Belmont . Farmer Married. Smith, Herbert H. . Haverhill, Maw*. Smith, Lewis Q. Centre Sandwich Farmer Married. Smith, Samuel 8. . Worcester, Maa». Stone, George W. . Pembroke. Tanner, Henry 1.1 . Taylor, Peter. Tllton, Henry A. . " . Moultonboro' . Farmer Married. Toben, James. Vlttum, Samuel F. . Sandwich . Farmer Widower. Wallace, Alfred . Centre Sandwich Farmer Married . One. Whayland, John. Whipple, Joseph. White, Benjamin . Dunbarton Farmer Single. Wilson, James. RECAPITULATION OP TABLES. ^ 1 Killed ob v Deathh (N M'lltTALT.Y WOUKDBD. ; Died pikce y. BEHVICE. j fblSCIIAilOK. OnOANISiA- -2 1 . I TION. J _; . z 3 ¦i t i \ t; i .. o rv Ami urentfram Nex Hamps&ire. RI ,E5AL Mcshee of - ^_ _ — 31 OS- Enfist- eera.' edVen. ¦ ^ Ei 1 ~ /a/a-v Ttl.nl FoTtr-LFifthsixth E:.j*.tVu yin-.hTtrEttE:-r*r.-.hT*r*.fccTWrteMStiiFfjmrw^^miSiFifteenthSixteenth>*. H. fci-.Li.:-. -ca.-p-r. .-',-.,.'- F.-.t IV EL •_»¦ First HeaV7 A Firs* 5iH. Battery Total ¦7 lerj E- Cavalry Smooths J y^ara 3 years 3 years j; 3 years ;! d mooffis . 9 month* . lc 2, ami 3 years, Z years ¦ 1, j. and J year= . 1, -, and -i 7^r; j 3 year* "65 1,0 1 3 &3.3 ft XT il4-". 41 I,7i5 1 . 3^-i 1 .334 I.-jSI. +5 7 1.3-31,^ 414 9.3 lis I 1.-6 -: IT 169 &2 1±l_ T.i 3 6 ii-: 19 3 :a> 7.7 7 31 171 9-5 i") ^ 3 9 2 jo - - ISS 1 ".4 13 i i~.- - ¦ : u^- Ii. i u i *-' ^5 :-:,'* s i -:~ i.l -4-. _^..j 3 s& — IIJ i-L-J ;.- l 3.> T"i 13. 155 9-3 1 : 13 ;*"- 2 J.r 1J»|: 9.9 [ 3 3 **-i- J' -J •> 'J.-. iii u 0 I 3. C-t'i oi -33 3 .3 1 -~i 1-1 i.:t i.': iii IS -' '. --" 13 ^37 ->3 344 -"7 -j. "i 4^ !»6 -:•:-' I .->ii Ii ' --. 50 4: i.3-t: Ii i,30. 6 0 | 3S 3 14-1 IS Ho 8 3.6 | i V lis 5-M 3:1 ILJS3 | ii. v-2 1,674 I-.-: T 21 109 7.; 7 no '.-¦-, :¦ •Il ii i_4 I 34 1^.3 ft ft I' 0 0 45 .i ft o ; •'> <> 0 2-3 i a f : -9 0 i.i i.1: 0 °i ::¦ is i ¦'¦ i5 n.. 0 ol 3y 10.5 -^ 5-2 ! 0 51 i.i •y. .vo 0 o I 1 .!-: 'i 51 i-i 0 0 0 °f ° i 1 Inelpdes an afterwards mustered aa stajT-;:5eers, not origujally in the regiment. i wHHHI 41IliB