YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 9002 05350 2754 m '0^m rtj ;-.«#?' ^^^^ COUNTY .I^i^liOTOTS ^-.™,- i!#AiMmii\ YALE ?VNI VERS ITY ? L I B R,A R,Y ? HISTORY OF Mcdonough county, ILLINOIS. TOGETHER WITH SKETCHES OF THE TOWNS, VILLAGES AND TOWNSHIPS, EDUCATIONAL, CIVIL, MILITARY AND POLITICAL HISTORY; PORTRAITS OF PROMINENT INDIVIDUALS, AND BIOGRAPHIES OF THE REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS, EMBRACING ACCOUNTS OF THE PEE-HISTORIC AND HISTORIC RACES, AND A BRIEF REVIEW OF ITS CIVIL AND MILITARY HISTORY. ILLUSTRATED. SPRINGFIELD, ILL. CONTINENTAL HISTORICAL CU, 1885 ©0 rPHE ^lONBBf^S OP GQgDonough Bounty THIS UOLUME IS FjeseessFuiiiiy oeDispseD. With the Hope that their Virtues may be Emulated, and theie. Toils and 8ac- BIFICES appreciated BY THB Coming Generations. BPniKeFIELD PRINTIMe CO. |^)} Printers & Sookbiudera, M S^WH&'iXtV^J. \VV. PREFACE. The importance of preserving in concise form the traditions of the past has never been questioned, nor the usefulness of local history been disputed. Believ ing that the county of McDonough afforded most excellent material for a good county history, the Continental History Company placed in the field a full corps of experienced historians, prepared to spare no time or money in compiling a com plete and reliable work. The manuscript of this history has been submitted to the committee chosen by your own citizens for the purpose, who, after a critical exam ination of them, have approved of our work. We feel confident that we here pre sent our patrons with a work that is as correct as it is possible for humanity to make. That errors have crept in, and may be found, we do not doubt. Man is, at the best, but a fallible creature, but every statement herein published, is honestly believed in by the parties furnishing the information, by the historians, and by the committees of revision. All desire the truth, and nothing but the truth. They gave much time and labor to the work, and deserve the thanks of the citizens of the county for the faithful discharge of the trust reposed in them. Our thanks are due to the numerous friends who have so kindly assisted us in gathering up items and assisting in the compilation of this volume. We cannot name them all, for their name is legion, but we must not forget to mention James M. Campbell, Thomas Fulkerson, Quintus Walker, Charles W. Dines, C. S. Churchill, Charles H. Whitaker, B. E. Hampton, T. H. B. Camp, W. H. Hainline, and the other county officials, members of the press and others throughout the county. Nor must we forget to remember and thank the historians of the company who have labored so hard and faithfully for the good of all — James S. Walters, general historian; Charles W. Moseley, assistant historian; Maurice E. Power, W. M. Shumaker, James McFarland, C. M. Eeynolds, Myron E. Lusk, J. M. Braddock, Charles H. Shaler, George A. Franklin, Karr McClintock, C. C. Chapman and Joseph H. Power, local historians ; W. B. Wetherbee, of the portrait department ; J. K. Magie, E. V. Mallory, Mrs. W. B. Wetherbee, Thomas Jewell and Miss Adele Walters, editors of the biographical department. All have tried to do their duty well, and please the company and our patrons. In conclusion, we would say that our work is done; the History of McDon ough County is before you. We cheerfully hope it will please you. Yours Very Truly, THE CONTINENTAL HISTOEICAL COMPANY. Springfield, Illinois, June, 1885. Gertij-jcate o[ tl^e Gei^eral Gon2n2ittee. WE, the undersigned committee of old settlers, and business men of McDonougli county, Illinois, appointed for the purpose of revising the history of our county, now being compiled by the Continental Historical Company, of Springfield, Illinois, do hereby certify that the manuscript of the said work was submitted to us at Macomb, on the 27th of April, 1885, and that we have made all the corrections and additions, which we in our judgment deemed necessary, and as so corrected we approve of the same. John Wilson, Sr., B. R. Hampton, James M. Campbellj Q. W. Hamilton. Thomas Fulkerson, Henry W. Kreider, John M. Jackson, John L. Anderson, Richard Pennington, Charles H. Whitaker, •^mr -»-•— 4- »x» Gectij-icate of i\]e SoWi^sl^ip Gon^n^ittees. WE, the undersigned committee, appointed by the old settlers fpr the purpose of correcting and revising the histories of oilr respective township for the forthcoming history of JIcDonough county, do hereby certify that the manuscript of the same has been submitted to us, and we have made such additions, corrections and emendations as we, in our judgment, deemed necessary, and as so corrected, we do approve of the same. James Cole, Stockton West, — Bushnell. W. W. Stewart, Quintus Walker, * — Walnut Grove. Henry W. Kreider, — Prairie City. Edward Dyer, W. H. Greene, J. M. Jackson, — Mound. J. B. D. Hammer, Richard Pennington, — New Salem. Thomas Lawyer, J. N. Foster, Thos. Ausbury, — Eldorado. George W. Reid, — Chalmers. S. J. Grigsby, Alfred Pennington, O. P. Pennington, — Blandinsville. Nancy Logan, James Seybold, E. N. Hicks, G. H. Monarch, —Hire. A. V. Brooking, Alfred Pennington, Charles Creel, ' — Emmet. J. M. Wallin, W. B. Clarke, T. W. Head, James Statler, — Sciota. Charles E. Solton, G. G. Venard, —Bethel. John H. Smith, Charles Hills, — Lamoine, Thomas Fulkerson, J. Eaton, — Tennessee. D. W. Campbell, — Colchester. John Wilson, Sr., G. C. Header, — Industry. W. T. Brooking, J. M. Jackson, D. M. Crabb, — Macomb. Hugh Watson, John Barclay, — Scotland, TABLE OF CONTENTS. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. CHAPTER I. PAGE The mnund builders 17 Other races... 19 Indians 20 Illinois confederacy 20 Early discoveries 21 First settlers 22 English rule 23 CHAPTER II. COUNTY AND TERRITORY OF ILLINOIS. ... 24 County of Illinois 25 Northwestern territory 26 Ordinance of 1787 26 Illinois territory 27 CHAPTER III. STATE ORGANIZATION 28 Fii'st constitution 28 Winnebago war 28 Blacl^Hawk war 29 Internal improvements 30 Improvements inaugurated 30 Illinois and Michigan canal 31 Panic 32 CHAPTER IV. MORMON, MEXICAN AND CIVIL WARS 32 The battle of Nauvoo 35 Mexican war 36 War for the union 38 CHAPTER V. GOVERNMENT 40 Governors 40 Shadrach Bond 40 Edward Coles 40 PAOE Nlnian Edwards 40 John Reynolds 40 Josepli Duncan 41 Thomas Carlin 41 Thomas Ford ; 41 Augustus C. French 41 Joel A. iMatteson 41 William H. Bissell 41 Richard Yates 41 Kichard J. Oglesby 41 John M. Palmer 42 Shelby M. Cullom 42 John M. Hamilton 42 Lieutenant Governors 42 Buperintendents of Publio Instruction 4S Attorney General 43 Treasurers 43 Secretaries of State 44 Auditors of State 44 United State Senators 44 Ninian Edwards 44 Jesse B. Thomas , . , 44 John McLean 44 Elias Kent Kane 44 David Jewett Parlier 44 John M. Kobinson 44 William L. D. Ewing 44 Richard M. Youug 45 Samuel McKoberts 45 Sidney Breese 45 James Semple 45 Stephen A. Douglas 45 James Shields ', 45 Lyraan Trumbull 45 Orville H Browning 45 W. A. Eichardson 46 Richard Yates 46 John A. Logan 46 David Davis 46 Representatives in Congress 46 HISTOEY OF Mcdonough county. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY 51 CHAPTER II. GEOGRAPHY, TOPOGRAPHY, RESOURCES. 56 Wealth 57 CHAPTER III. GEOLOGY 59 Coal measures 60 St. Louis limestone 65 Keokuk limestone 65 Economical Geology 66 Coal 66 Fire clay— Iron ore 67 Building stone— Limestone for lime 68 Sand and clay for brick 68 Soil and agriculture 69 CHAPTER IV. PIONEER LIFE 71 Earljr manners and customs 72 Character of the pioneers .' 74 Clothing , , 75 Weddings 77 Shakes 78 Snakes— Agriculture '. 79 Religion 80 CHAPTER V. EARLY SETTLEMENT .• 83 Early settlers 84 Historic flrst items 95 CHAPTER VI. REMINISCENCES, INCIDB NTS, ETC 96 An Incident 98 Deep snow 101 By Humphrey Horrabln 102 Keminiscence of A. H, Walker 103 By Thomas Fulkerson 106 By Isaac Opp 107 By John Wilson 108 Reminiscence of R. L. Darke UO Martha Russell's Ill TABLE OF contents. CHAPTER VII. PAGE BLACK HAWK WAR 112 Roster -. 119 CHAPTER VIII. MORMONS AND MORMON WAR 119 Boster 129 CHAPTER IX. WAR FOR THE UNION 133 Roster 146 ISattery H, 2d artillery and 2d cavalry 147 7th cavalry 149 8th and Uth cavalry 151 12th and 16th cavalry 152 12th and I6th infantry 155 17th', ISth and 28th infantry 160 SOth, SOth and 55th infantry 163 57th infantry 166 59th infantry 167 62d and 64th infantry 169 72d and 78th infantry 174 84th Infantry 178 88th and I03d infantry 182 118th and I19th Infantry 183 124th infantry 185 12.5th and 137th infantry 187 138th and 15Ist Infantry 191 lOth Missouri infantry 192 2d California cavalry 194 64th Ohio infantry 194 Sth California infantry ; 194 United states veteran volunteers 194 E' gineer regiment of Missouri 194 First engineer regiment of the west 194 Roll of honor 194 CHAPTER X. COT' NTY GOVERNMENT 200 Commissioners' court 202 County court 212 Board of supervisors . . , . ; 213 CHAPTER XI. OTHEROFFICIAL MATTER 221 Matrimonial 221 Records ,. 2^ Town plats— Court house 2^7 Countyjail. 235 County charity ^o CHAPTER XII. POLITICAL 239 Official vote »55 CHAPTER XIII. N AT'L, STATE, COUNTY, REPRESENTAT'N. . 266 Congressional 266 General Assembly 270 County c.erk . ., 293 County judge ^9« County treasurer rf07 Clerk of circuit court 317 Sheriff 321 Surveyors ^f Coroners <>^ ¦CHAPTER XIV. COURTS OF MCDONOUGH COUNTY 328 Circuit court 329 States attorneys Ml Dark deeds oiso Murder of John Wilson 339 Murder of James Dye 342 Killing of W. H. Randolph 345 CHAPTER XV. RAILROADS M8 CHAPTER XVI. PAGE SOCIETIES IN GENERAL 3.57 Agricultural society 357 Stock association 359 Bushnell agricultural society 359 Old settlers association 360 Patrons of Husbandry 363 Anti-Horse-Thief association 366 CHAPTER XVII. EDUCATIONAL ,.. 371 Comm Issioners of school lands 375 Superintendent of schools 377 Development 879 McDonough college 381 Normal college 383 Western Norraal college, Bushnell 383, CHAPTER XVIII. THEBAR 385 Lawyers ofthe county 387 Barof thepreseut 392 CHAPTER XIX. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION 405 Physicians of Macomb 407 Physicians of Colchester 415 Physicians of Bushnell 416 Physicians of Blandinsville 418 Other physicians 421 CHAPTER XX. ECCLESIASTICAL 427 Presbyterian church , Macomb 428 , Bushnell 430 Good Hope 433 Camp Creek 433 Doddsville 435 Shiloh— Prairie City 439 Ebenezer 440 Cumberland Presbyteriau, Macomb 442 Argyle 443 West Prairie 444 Industry— Good Hope 445 Sugar Creek 446 Methodist Episcopal, Macomb 446 Second, Macomb 447 Prairie City 447 Greenwood 449 Emmet township 460 Stickle— Blandinsville 450 Bardolph 451 Scott's— Bushnell— German, Bushnell 453 Industry 454 Linn Grove — Good Hope 455 Chalmers township— Tennessee 455 Rock creek— Friendship 456 Maple Grove 457 Mound Chapel 457 Pleasant Grove 457 Liberty 457 Colchester 458 Willow Grove 458 New Hope— Adair— Seo. II 459 Pleasant! Mound 459 Mound Chapel— Adair 460 Pennington's Point 460 Centennial— Tennessee 461 Baptist Church, Macomb 461- Second, Macomb 462 New Hope 462 Blandinsville 463 Bushnell- Tennessee— Solota 467 Independent— Hillsborough 468 Prairie City 468 Cedar Creek 469 Regular Baptist, Bethel township .469 Antioch 473 Free-WlU Baptists, Prairie City 473 German Baptists 474 Christian church, Macomb 476 Ecclesiastical — Coutinued— page Colchester — Blandinsville 477 Mound— New Salem : 478 Bedford 479 Sciota— New Bradford 480 Lutheran, Trinity, Macomb 480 Chalmers townsliip 481 Congregational, Macomb 482 Prairie City 482 Universalist, Macomb 482 United Brethren in Christ 483 C6utj6r 481*5 Pleasant Gale— Wiliow Grove ! 1 '..'.'!.',' ! '. . '.'. 486 Jerusalem— Blandinsville 487 Hire township— Scotland township 489 Pilot Grove 489 Bushnell Reformed church 489 St. Thomas Bpiscopal church 490 Catholic church, McDonough county ¦. . 490 CHAPTER XXI. s JOURNALISM 499 McDonough Independent 502 Macomb Enterprise 507 Military Tract Journal ' . .511 Macomb Journal 511 Macomb Eagle 514 Macomb Ledger 521 Western Light 521 Illinois By-Stander 521 Illinois Grauger 525 Macomb Independent 526 Colchester Independent 527 Colchester News 528, McDonough Democrat 530 Daily Independent 531 Prairie City Chronicle 531 Prairie Chief— Prairie Chicken 531 Prairie City Herald— Prairie City Bugle 531 Prairie City Herald.. 533 Blandinsville Argus 535 Blandinsville Bra 535 McDonough Democrat 535 Blandinsville Republican 536 Blandinsville Review 536 Good Hope Index 538 Union Press 541 Bushnell Record 541 Macomb Enterprise 545 CHAPTER XXII. TENNESSEE TOWNSHIP 545 Early settlement 516 Htt.L'3 Grove '. 561 Educational 561 Postoffice— Religious— Historic 564 Organization 564 Tbnnbssbb 565 The Beginning 565 Business development 566 Hotels -Postoffice 569 Industrial Interests » 570 Societies 575 Organization 576 Eilncational 577 Historic Notes .579 CHAPTER XXIII. COLCHESTER TOWNSHIP ' '. , . . 589 Early settlement 590 Organic....'. 597 COI-CHESrEB 598 Beginning 599 First merchant 599 Business development 600 Hotels 611 Bank— Elevator 612 Mills : 613 School Interests 614 Societies 615 Municipal 617 Band— Coal Interests 618 CHAPTER XXIV. PAGE HIRE TOWNSHIP 623 Early settlers 623 Educational 646 Organic and historic 647 Sundayischools 647 CHAPTER XXV. LAMOINE TOWNSHIP 649 Early settlement 649 Educational : 661 Religious, Historic notes 662 Organic 663 C01.MAK 663 Postofflce, churclies 664 CHAPTER XXVI. EMMET TOWNSHIP 664 Early settlement 665 Educational 691 Cliickamauga stock farm 692 Vineyards 692 Coal banks, brick yards, etc, . . .- 693 Good Templars 694 Historic items, Organi c and Clay bank 694 CHAPTER XXVII. BETHEL TOWNSHIP 695 Early settlers 695 Organic— Educational 7u7 -Postofflce— Religious 708 H storical 711 CHAPTER XXVIII. SCOTLAND TOWNSHIP 711 Early settlement 712 Educational 725 Religious— Organization 726 CHAPTER XXIX. INDUSTRY TOWNSHIP 726 Eariy settleraent 727 Educational 742 Organic— First items 745 Industry 745 Hotels 749 Educational— Religious 755 Governmentr^Societies 7.55 Insurance Co 756 Saw mill 756 CHAPTER XXX. PRAIRIE CITY TOWNSHIP 757 Organization 7S7 Educational— Early settlement 758 Prairie City 764 How Named 765 Beginning 766 Business interests 768 Hotels .- 774 Bank— Tile works 775 Coal 777 Improveraents 787 Societies 788 Academy 789 Religious— First items i 790 CHAPTER XXXI. ELDORADO TOWNSHIP 790 Early settlement 791 Educational ¦ Sffl,, Hall— Organic 808 Historical— Religious 809 CHAPTER XXXII. CHALMERS TOWNSHIP 809 Early settleraent 810 Educational 817 Mineral spring— Organic— Historic 819 MiDDliETOWN 820 XII TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER XXXIII. PAGB BUSHNELL TOWNSHIP 821 Early settlement 821 Educational— Organic 824 BUSHNEIiL 824 Hotels 839 Mill— Tile works 840 Roseville manufacturing company 840 Tile works 840 PumpCo 841 Opera House— Creamery 842 Hstoric— Societies t50 Municipal 852 Educational 853 CHAPTER XXXIV. BLANDINSVILLE TOWNSHIP 856 Early settlement 857 Educational 875 Mill— Religious 877 Hilldaie Stock Farm 878 Organic 878 Historical 879 Blandinsville 879 Bank 888 Elevator— Opera House— Hotels 890 Band— .Hills— Educational 897 Religious— Societies 899 CHAPTER XXXV. NEW SALEM TOWiSSHIP 901 Eariy settlement. „ 901 Educational 924 Hisloiic 925 Organic 926 Pen.mnqtois's Point 926 Adaib 926 Hotel 928 CHAPTER XXXVI. SCIOTA TOWNSHIP 930 Educational 941 Historic 941 Organization 943 Good Hope.'. 943 Postofflce— Tile works 949 Creamery 950 Elevator— Grist mill 95i Societies— Municipal 952 SOIOTA 953 Beginning 953 Municipal 4)56 Elevator— Historical 957 Societies— Educational 957 CHAPTER XXXVII. PAGE MOUND TOWNSHIP 958 Early settlement ; — 959 Educational 974 Organic— Historic 976 New Philadelphia 976 Hotel— First items 981 CHAPTER XXXVIII. MACOMB TOWNSHIP 984 Early settlement 985 Educational 997 Clay Bank— Lyceum — Creamery 998 Religious— Organic— Historic 999 Barlolph ; 999 Organic— Flre Clay works 1002 Pottery works 1005 Societies 1006 Band 1008 Educational 1009 CHAPTER XXXIX. WALNUT GROVE TOWNSHIP 1014 . Artificial Lakes 10i7 Educational 1037 Town Hall— Religious 1039 Organic— Historic 1040 Walnut Grove 1041 Postofflce— Elevator 5 l>.4l Society 1042 Scottkburg 1042 Postoffice— Elevator 1043 Reminiscence 104S CHAPTER XL. CITY OF MACOMB 1048 Eariy days 1049 B usiness development 1056 Present business 1057 Banks 1089 Hote.s 1094 Board of trade 1096 Mills -. 1096 Macomb Tile and Sewer Pipe Co 1097 Eagle Pottery— Buckeye Pottery 1098 Carriage manu&ctories 1099 Wagon works 1100 Vinegar factories 1102 Bottling works: 1103 Marble works 1103 Calendar Clock Co.... 1104 Foundry — Piaulng mill 1105 Gas WOl ks— Opera house ,*... U06 Depot 1107 Postoffice 1113 Government 1115 Educational •. 1122 Religious 1125 Societies— Library 1126 Flre department— Band 1131 Je I ji'fp'miwinfnn" ^W-i-J^WJ,.,'-!. BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX XII BIOGRAPHICAL. Page Ackerman, D. C 78c Adair, A. A 990 Adams, Alexander 803 Adkiaaon, J.N 741 Agnew, M. P 604 Agnew, H.C 39' Aldricli, Davis...". 895 Alexander, S. J 847 . Allen, E.'T 970 Allison, John 715 Allison, John, Jr 731 Allison, R.A 946 Allison, J. H 949 Allison, Andrew 951 Allison, John Jr 1033 Ames.J. B 996 Anderson, John 92 Anderson, W. B 1069 Andrews, James 815 Andrews, WiUi^ni 816 Anstine, Simon 752 Archer, Dr. Meredith C. 408 Arthur, Abraham 1028 Atherton, W. B 723 Atkinson, Louis 678 Ansbury.LN... 733 Bacon, Larkin C 555 Bacon, James H 394 Bailey, Col. Wm. W.... 271 Bailey, Jacob L Bailey, G.W 1057 Baldwin, H. S 941 Ball, IraD 838 Baker, John 293 Baker, Jonathan H 306 Baker, E. D 267 Baker, John 87 Banks, Vandever 686 BankB.JobV 626 Banning, Ephraim 1021 Banflll, Sojon 40O Barnes, J. C 785 Barnes, AbnSr E Barnes, Beece 644 Barrett, W. P..-. 299 Barclay, John 718 Barclay, James 719 Barclay, Andrew 719 Barclay, Alexander 719 Barclay, Robert 719 Barber, J. D 590 Barber, Robert A 591 Bartlow, Thomas 874 Bartlett, Isaac 1015 Bateson, George 923 Bateson, L. J 922 Banmann, Jacob .... 1031 Bayles, J. H 653 Bayne, Dr. W. F 413 Beardsley, S. B 1108 Bennett, Aaron 1158 Bice, James 643 Binnie, Andrew 721 BinnieJohn 731 Binnie, James 721 Binnie, Robert 721 Bird, G. W 787 Bivens.T.E 771 Blackburn, Alex 1138 Blackstone, Stephen.... 906 BlaisdeU, Dr.WO 412 Blandin, C. A 870 Blazer, James M . . . Blonnt, J. W Blount, Aeher Bodkin, E. T Bolles, Dr. Edgar.. . Bonham, E. M Bootlie, G, J Bootli, James Booth, J. C Booth, J. W Bootli, J. P Booth, George, Sr . . Bostwick, G. L Bowman, T. J Boyd, Benjamin Bradbury, L. H Bradbury, B. F Bradbury, L.H Bradfield, S. S Brattle, James W. . Breiner, F. J Breiner, G. D Breiner, Lewis Bridges, John Bright, Samuel Brooking, T. A Brooking, Eobert.. Brooking, T. A Brooldng, A. V ^ Brooking, Lucian.. Brown, Joseph Brown, Alfred Brown, P. L Brown, 3. A Brooks, P. W Broadhead, J. T.... Bryan, A. L Bryan, D. W Burtis, S. M Butcher, J. A Burford. W. L Bryant, W. L Burchett, Jamee . . . Burden, Eobert, Jr. Case.M.H Cady, Eev. C. T Cadwalader, J. C Cadwalader, G. A Callahan, Michael . . . Camp, F, B Campbell, James M. Campbell, William . . Campbell, Daniel CampbeU, Alex Campbell, D.;W Campbell, Dr. E. N. CampbeU, Howard.. Campbell, N.S Cannon, Eobert Canote, Henry Canote, Henry, Jr . . . Carter, William Carter, L. G Carlin, J. A Carlin, WiUiam Carlin, Mrs. EUza.. . Carnahan, Barnet... Carnahan, J. H Champ, WUliam Chase, J. M.', Sr Chase, J. M., Jr Chandler, Col. Clias . . Page. .1078.log. 874 . 410 .1143 .1005,1037 ,1037 . 966 . 96B . 967 . 773 . 610 . 586 . 776 . 776 . 766 762935 935 ..1053..1061.. 681 , . 682 ,.1070.. 737 .. 644 , . 945 ,.1036,. 884 . 656 ,, 995 ,.1103 .1156 ,. 785 . 585 ,. 390 . 920 . 782 .1145. 458 . 822 . 965 . 686 . 811 . 377 . 873 . 333 .1017 . 599 . 592 .. 591 ,. 593 ,. 85 . 873 .1037 . 915 . 916 . 703 . 738 . 811 . 679 . 679 .1134 Page. Chandler, C. V 1090 Chandler, Thompson- 303 Chapman, C. C 1101 Chapman, W. W 387 Chatterton, C . H 687 Chambers, David 403 Churchill, Cadwalader S. 321 Churchill, Burchard 331 ChurchiU, J. W 1111 Clark, Dr, Albert ii 416 Clark, H. T-. 843 Clark, Alvah 909 Clark, James 714 Clarke, David 1051 Clarke, S, L 665 Clarke, W. B 955 Clarke, James 399 Clayton, V. B 593 Clayton, W.W Claybaugh, B. H 613 Cline, I. F 991 Oline.A. J 991 Coff man, M Cole, James Coleman, B. M 849 Collins, G. W 657 Collins, John 948 CoUins, Joseph 993 Costlo, Gregg 805 Costio, J. H -, Conner, Joseph 797 Coneene, W. L 605 Conwell, Charles 865 Cook, J. W 1072 Cooper, A. B 781 Cordell, Mrs. Sarah 740 CordeU, J. W 74' Cordell, P. B 749 Cottrell, C. S 1138 Courtwright, O. P 630 Courtwright, F. M 630 Cowan, WiUiam 581 Cowgill, Dr. G. J 418 Cowperthwaite, W. H, ., 823 Cox, N. C 770 Cox, E. M 783 Cox, WiUiam 796 Cczard.M. W 937 Crabb, J. M 986 Crabb, D. M 988 Crane, Alexander 1034 Creel, Dr. D, M 436 Creel, Charles 669 Crissey, C. E 1107 Cruaer, Frederick 1084 Cummings, J. B 318 CnmmingB, J. B 841 Cummings, J. H 1091 Dailey, I. W Dailey, Thomas. . , Dallam, C.W Danley, S. P Davis, Simeon B . Davis, E. W Davis, J. M Davis, J. W Davia, J. M Decker, J. C Dennis, Charles.. Delaney, P. H. , 806 , 806 , 989 ,1084 . 390 . 875 . 875 . 782 . 890 , 656 . 801 ,1067 Detrick, J acob 10.32 Dice, Ephraim 956 Page. Dines, C. W 296 Dines, Thomas 396 Dixson, E.B ^..,. 840 Dixon, Amos 323 Doak, T, J 1144 Dodds, J, S 869 Dodge, Eev. S. T 780 Douglas, Stephen A 331 Douglas, Adam 990 Douglass, U. T 938 Drake, L, T 769 Duncan, CM 888 Duncan, II, H 873 Duncan, T, B 861 Douglas, J. S 580 Doughty, G. S 402 Diidman,T. J 378 Dunham, Eev. Joshua, . , 488 Dunn, Richard 84 Dunn,B. T 1103 Dunn, Dr.B. 1 414 Dunbar, J. H.-. 762 Duncan, Frank 740 Duncan, Dr. J. M 420 Duncan, Dr. B. A 431 Dnneworth, J. H 696 Dunsworth, Charles 697 Dnnsworth, John M 377 Durflinger, Jacob 593 Darflinger, J. T 594 Dyer, Edward 846 Eads, Albert 1093 Bakle, Newton 631 Early, W. L 1018 Bdie, W.J 1023 Edmonston, James 810 Edmonston, William '370 Egerton, William 619 EUis, W. D 568 Ellison, E. E 992 EUwell, Thomas 937 BUweU, EU 918 EUweU, Mrs. EU 918 Elliott, VViUiam 337 Elting, P, H 686 Elting, C, -M 687 Elting, John 687 Emery, Dr. J. H 419 Emory, F. T 760 Erwin, Patrick 1)83 Ervin, Capt, WiUiam.. , 394 Ervin, Hugh , 371 Ewing, John 1148 Farris. N. W 632 Parria, W. J 636 Farrenkopf, John 581 Farwell, Capt. G, L 328 Farr, S. A.D 980 Farmer, E. M 1064 PargusBOn, Elisha 1033 Pentem, G. E 1069 Ferater, D. E - 990 Fisher, John '. 644 Fisher, Mathias 871 Flack, J. W 730 Flack, J. W 740 Flemming, I.N 681 Flemming, J. W 681 Fleming, A. J 967 Folts, E. M 637 XIV BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX. Page. Folts, Eeuben 637 Folts, Christiania 638 Forsman, H. M 774 Ford, A, C 1042 Foster, J. N 796 Foster, S, J 807 Foster, E, F 6.31 Fowler, Benj 892 Fowler, J, W 886 Franklin, W.H 1148 Franklin, G. A ,1149 Frost, Samuel 335 Fox, George 402 Fugate, Maitin 697 Pugate, J. W 697 Filgiite, Dr. C, W 416 Fiihr, J,n 1112 Fnhr, Georg6 S 402 Pulton, .lames 1144 Pulton, James 985 Fulkerson, C.W ,h3 Fulkerson, J ames .551 Fulkerson, Thoipas 551 Galvin, Daniel 1-107 Gamble, Dr. John E 421 Garrett, Loven 1139 Garrettson, Dr. P. F.... 415 Garden, W, B 979 Geoige.P, W 868 George, Jacob 631 Gesler, James 1082 Gilfrey, John 864 Gilfrey, H. F ¦.. 865 Gilchrist. C. B .559 Gilchrist, V. B 580 Goldsmith, Edward 766 Glasgow, Douglas 568 Gloyd, S, VE 991 Grahara, Bedford 638 Graves, D. M 1139 Greenup, C. W i'53 Greene, W. H Greene, L. H 849 Gribble, J, L ,1099 Griffith, J, D 67: Griffith, C. F 674 Grifflth, J.L 8* Griflitli, B.A 987 Grifflng, J.T 929 GrigBby,J, E 882 Grigaby, Eedman Grifsby, S, J 880 Grigaby, S. J., Jr 890 Grigsby, J. H 1070 Gumbart, Capt. G, C 1109 Guy,G, C 669 Guy B,F 670 Guy, J, V 688 Hallenbeck, Francis 938 Hagei-ty, J. V,^ 723 Hagerty, J, T 1140 Hageman, W. M 1026 Hageinan. J. D 1028 Haines, E.D C 832 Haines, Dr. W, E 417 Hainiine, Wm. H 513 Hainline, Jacob, , ,' 027 Hainline, George W 639 Hainline, J. D :, 674 Hainline, John , . , . , 930 Hainline, J. W 931 Hall,M, 8 : 7.51 HaU, Enoch 764 Hamilton, U. W 778 Hamilton, J. A 768 Hamilton, J. M 7('8 Hamilton, A.J 688 Hamilton, Harrison 1030 Hamilton, J. F 1021 Page. Hammer, E, M * ()38 Hammer, J, B. D 907 Hammer, J. Y 908 Hampton, Van L .527 Hampton. B, R 534 Hammond, Dr. R. D 410 Hammack, William 737 Hanson, Amaziah 283 Hand, M.T 767 Hannaford, E. K 948 Htakins, A, J 874 Harlan. «, T 923 Harban, Wc-sley 7.31 Hardin, Davis 669 HartunK, G, P 605 Harrison, Dr. H, M 418 Harris, James 804 Harris, J. K 805 Harris, James 915 Harris, E. E 1105 Harris, E. E 873 Harris, C.S 783 Harris, Dr. Ealph 413 Hardesty, W. T 873 Hardesty, Dr, John 418 Hathaway, Caleb ,¦ 749 Hauaer.G. P 936 Havens, Henry 983 Hays, Dr. Charles 407 Hays, W.H 624 Hays, J. W 1062 Hayes, J. H 630 Head, WiUiam T 317 Head, James 666 Head, Albert 9.5S Head, J. M 955 Head,Bigger 972 Head, C. A 1009 Hendee, S. A 838 Hendricks, H. P 660 Hendricks. J. W 658 Hendricks, J. B 6.59 HendriolcBon, G. P lOU Hendrickson, J, E 1012 Herndon, Elijah,. 73.3 Herndon, Marcellus 933 Herbert/., H. J .538 Hiatt, W. S 748 Hicks, E, N 628 Hickey, James 622 Hickman, Eliphalet,.,, 685 Hickman, Arehart 874 Higbee, Chauncey E 336 HiUs, Charles 650 Hills, John 650 Hills, Ishmael 703 Hire, George 228 Hire, George 629 Hire, Jease 639 Hire, Wniia)ii 639 Hire, Cyrus 629 Hobart E 1153 Hobart, Wesley 11.53 Hogan, Sydnor H 310 Hogahett, James 1021 Holler, EU 996 HoUand, L 1137 Holliday,L. A 880 Holton, Isaac 563 Holton, William 699 Holton, CE 699 HoUev, Isaac 913 Hoover, .\l, L,,^ 831 Hoover, .loseph 831 Horrabln, Humphrey 384 Honell, J. L 699 Horton, Thos 751 Horrocks, A Oram 1003 Iloakinson, J. L 1068 Hoton, WilUam 653 Houghton, Sllaa 703 Howell, Dr, Charles 416 Hoyt, Jonathan 598 Hudson, Jamea 1035 Huff,John 936 Hnff,B. L 936 Hull, Dr. Abraham 433 Hull, Dr. J. E 423 Hume, Charles E 300 Hunt, Joshua .549 Hunt, Simon W 550 Hunt, Samuel A 311 Hunter, Eobert 817 Hunter, Wm 1141 Hungate, Harrison 863 Hungate, John H 320 Hnshaw, Jonas 798 Hushaw, Henry 801 Huston, Eigdon 850 Huston, Marion 883 Huston, John 276 Huston, Dr. W. A 407 Hnaton, Dr. W. M...:,.. 419 HutchinBon, W. A 594 Hutchins, G. W 966 lines, Chas; 1 896 Imea, W.L 1100 Ingram, B,D 1087 Iriab,Dr. B. F 423 Irwin, James 305 Isom, John . , .' 645 Jackson, Eev. W. H 960 Jackson, J. W 961 Jackson, W.J ,,,, 961 Jackson, N.H 1001 Jackson, J, M 11.56 Jacoba, Seth 969 Jamea, Eev. S. P 449 James, Thomas 588 James, J, T 869 .Jamea, W.E 933 .Tames, W.H 933 James, J. C 933 James, Aaron 934 James, Abel 934 James, J. E 947 Janea, John 730 Janes, Jesse 730 Jarvis, James 582 Jarvis, Ephraim ....... Jarvia, Edward 6.56 Job, WUliam 84 Job, WiUiam 8.57 Johnson, C P 678 Johnson, Dr. B. P 416 .Tolly, T.J 1094 Jones, J. B 724 Jones, Abner 722 Jones, W.F 723 Jones, Perry C 324 .Tones, J. A 782 Kaiaer, Louis 829 Kaiser, 6. A 829 Kay, Dr. James 411 Keach, Elisha 800 Kee, Samuel 801 Keefer, J. M 1065 Keefer, Geo 1142 Keister, Daniel 1035 Keith, D.B 11.5 Kenner, W. L 1060 Keithiey, Jacob 627 Keithle'y, George W 638 Keithiey, James 639 Kelly, J. M 717 Keppie, David 845 Kepple, J.K 970 Kerr, John 705 Kinkade, J. P 739 Page- Kinkade, WiUiam 739 King, J. W 758 King, J. E 759 King, .LM 759 King, S. P 759 King, Thomas 1024 King, Eev. Jamea 1035 Kipling, Wm -595 Kipling, Thomas .596 Kirk* John .554 Kirk, John J 5.55 Kirkpatrick, W. B 869 King, Dr, E. F 1108 Kline, Abraham 718 Kline, Peter 8.35 Kline, Charles 1068 Knapp, David 1086 Knapp, Dr. J. B 434 Knapoenberger, John, ., 310 Knowles, E.% 733 Knowles, William 733 Kyle,P. R 1066 Kvle, Dr. James B 409 Kreider, Dr. W. L 434 Kreider, Dr. H. W 425 Kruse, 6. W 813 Lane, John E - 325 Lane, E. A 1065 Lant.i,D. W 1032 Lanphere, A. P 7'6!) Langsf ord, J . H 981 Laughlin, Patrick 689 Lawyer, Thomas 799 Lawyer, M.V 804 Lawyer, Jacob 807 Lawyer, Michael 732 Lawyer, James 733 Lawyer, G, J 660 Lawyer, Michael 5.57 Lawyer, John 558 Law!3on, David 332 Leavitt, Sewell 864 Ledgerwood, Jobn 672 Ledgerwood, Elijah 673 . ., ., ^jjjj . 706 , 909 Leftridge, P.M. j!m.. Leighty. J. M Leighty, Samuel.. Leiglity,H.S 796 Leightv. J. H 798 Leib, John 8.38 LeMatty, Dr. J. B 425 LeMaster, J. P : . . . 977 Lightner, A. B 613 Lindsay, Jonah. 763 Little, L. D 6.57 Little, J. M 801 Lipe, Francis D 309 Lipe, WiUiam M 311 Lisk, Captain O. M 391 Lock, Samuel 944 Lodge, A. K 1100 Logan, Elder John 465 Logan, Samuel 825 Logan, John 934 Logsdon. Squire 831 Lott, Peter 331 Lyon, Jobn 557 Lyon, E. W 557 McCandless, A 1149 JlcCaudless, WiUiam , . . 961 McCartney, G. A 955 McCleUand, W. S 816 McClure, Hugh 816 McClure, Thomas 578 McClure, Rutherford..., 579 McClintock, William 1153 McClintock, Karr... 1154 McCord, J. A. F 636 BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX. XV Page. McCord, W.W 536 McCord, William 883 McCormick, Theodore B. 309 McDonald, C. P 919 McDonough, Ed 1113 McDonough, Hugh, Sr,. .550 McDonough, Hugh, Jr., 5.50 McElvain, H. H 991 McFadden, Elias 810 McFadden, S. M 797 McFaU, Sylvester 888 McGahan, A. H 849 McGanghey, J.G 734 McGee, W. T 770 Mcintosh, J. W 1110 McKamv, Sev. W. C 730 McKee, A. E 989 McKinney, R. W 401 McLean, Hector 1133 McLean, Alexander 1133 McLean, Jolm 1136 McLeod, W. C 388 McMillan, William 724 McMiUan, John 1073 McNeely, Thompson.. .. 368 McNutt, Elder Wm 465 Makinaon, G. W 981 Manly, James 286 MapeSj Charles 1059 Mariner, Henry 1033 Martin, Dr. I. M.: 413 Marvin, W.H 763 Martin, Evan 634 Martin, B. F 1077 Martin, W. E 1078 Marvin, Alfred 657 Mason, H. N 8S5 Mason, Burrow 703 Mathews, Anson 791 Mathews, Benj 696 Mathews, John 699 Maury, W. B 1075 Magee, Eev.A 780 Mafoney, J. H 1073 Maxwell, Henry A 378 Mead, Alfred 768 Meador, G. C 739 Merrell, Lycurgus 912 Merriam, S. A 998 Mershon, Henry 800 Meyers, F.P 588 MiUer, J. W 739 Miller, Marvin 702 Miller, P. J 1U95 MiUer, Mason 802 Miller, Eev. Jacob 4.54 Miller, W. M 867 MUls, J. A 706 Millett, Charles 777 MiUs,B.D 609 MUls, Ladson 817 Mills, R.J 817 Miner, J. P 718 Miner, J.F 916 Minshall, Wm. A 335 Mitchell, N.B 947 Monk, Malachi 697 Monk, John '. 697 Monninger, J. M 946 Mohger, A 1085 Moran, W. B 797 Morey, C. A 993 Morrison, Levi 1081 Morris, S. F 652 Moss, W.W 895 Mosser, J. F 748 Mourning,, W.H 591 Mourning, L. B '. 558 Mullen, Solomon 705 Munson, E. P 573 Munson, George 786 Munson, .Daniel 735 Page. Munson, Charles 735 Murray, J. B 632 Murray, J, R 6:34 Murraj', Eli 6,35 Murray, Rev. J.T 444 Murray, M. A 610 Murphy, Benjamin 949 Mnstain, Mrs, Hannah.. 892 Mnstain, G. D 867 Mustain, N. D 865 Mnstain, G. W 866 Mustain, C, P 866 Muetain, T. A 861 Mustain, W. D 862 Mustain, J. P 863 Myera, Adam 659 Myers, D, M 983 Myers, Eobert 594 Nance, Dr, H.H 968 Naylor, Eesin 307 Naylor, B. T 668 Naylor, W. B 669 Naramore, J. M 897 NebergaU, David 918 Nebergall, J. H 978 Neece, Jeaae T 399 Neece, W. H 269 Neff, John 313 Nickel, J. B 304 Neaael, Conrad 634 Newland, Fred 327 Newland, Abraham, Jr . , 571 Oakman, Joseph 597 Obermeyer, Jacob 954 Odenweller, Isaiah 784 Opp, Isaac 914 Osborn, WUUam 86 Ott, Hieronymus 595 Owen, Ambers G 567 Owen, Ambrose E 567 Owena, Nathaniel 997 O'Meara, Patrick 1 158 Pace, A. J 715 Pace, G. W 1076 Pace, W. I ^....1075 Painter, T. G 685 Painter, F. M 685 Park, James 1014 Parnell, John, Sr 603 Parnell, Jamea 602 Parkin, W.H 950 Parker, Prof. C.W 014 Patterson, J. E 1110 Pearce, J. B 1030 Pearson, Dr. C H 786 Pearson, Isaac N 291 Peck, Orrin 814 Pech, Joseph 1098 Pelley, J. M 1002 Pennington, Eiggs 84 Pennington, Williara... 86 Pennington, Eichard 88 Pennington, T.J 736 Pennington, D. A 736 Pennington, W.E 795 Pennington, Joel 795 Pennington, William ... 901 Pennington, T.J 905 Pennington, Stewart 905 Phelps, L, P '.., 635 Phelps, J. H 1061 PhUlipa, J. C 887 Phillips. W. A 887 PhUlips, Heslip 772 Piper, O. F 1111 Pittinger, A. H 1029 Pittman, Dr. W. R 427 Plassman, August 814 Pointer, R. C 1004 Page. Pointer, WiUiam 750 Sirapson, B, E, Pollock, Robert 1017i Shaffer ,T. B, Pontious, Byron 395 Porter, J.E 913 Poaey, W. A 763 Post, Nathaniel 584 Powers, Abraham 1010 Price, T. J 1108 Price, S, J.,: 804 Price, G. L 804 Prentiss, WUliam 393 PuUiam, Samuel 639 Purdum, James 704 Purple, Norman H 335 Ragon, WiHiam M 313 EaTston, W. D 6.53 Ealston, James H 331 Eandall, E. S 403 Eandolph, James M 377 Eandolph, Benjamin,, ,1137 Eandolph, Wm. H 273 Eandolph, Mrs. W. H., . 275 Eankin, Eev. J.G 441 Eapelje, H. L 577 Eaymond, G. F 702 Eeans, John W 655 Reed, Arlington 932 Reid, Lewis G 282 Eeid, Lucien S 537 Eeid, Captain G. W 596 Eeid, W, M. 814 Eeid, John 814 Eexroat, G. E 720 Eexroat, L. T 730 Rexroat, J. M 720 Eeynolds, B. D 587 EicbardsoBV W. A 337 Eiggs, J. E 700 Eiggs, Samuel 700 Eiggs, Eusaell 700 Eoach, Jobn 8.36 Eoberts, B. H 640 Eoberts.A. B 587 Eobertson, Hugh 771 Eobinson, J. C 704 EobinaomD. L. A 939 Bobbins Family 939 Eodgers, Randolph 640 Eogers, H, F 963 Eogera, J, S 833 Rogers, A. B 8:14 Eorer, Edmund 690 Eoss, L, W 368 Eoss, C N 10.58 Ruddell, G. H .584 Euddell, WUliam 630 Eunkle, David 994 Eunkle, W.J.'. 994 Rush, W. C 785 Eussell, Dr. D, L 784 Eutledge, E, G 914 Ryan, Sov. John 499 SaffeU, R. W 813 Sanders, Dr. S. F 422 Sanders, Jos. T 400 Sandidge, Joshua 803 Sandidge, Daniel 702 Sandidge, John 792 Sandidge, W. W 1155 Sehisler, George 802 Schroder, T. F 803 Scott, Joshua 704 Scott, Richard 646 Scott. J. J 1018 Seaburn, George 722 Seaburu , Thomas 911 Seibert,G. P 818 Page. ...IfSl ...1069 Shannon, Delas 973 Shannon, R 728 Shannon, H. M 395 Shannon, Charles 80 Shannon, Dr, G. G 426 Slieets. H, W 978 Shevaller, Chas 1146 Sherraan, L. Y .398 Shoop, W, W 1036 Shoopman. T. F 698 Shope, S, P 3:^6 Shriner. I., H 995 Shrier. David 885 Shnff, Dr, J. L 407 Siders. John W 312 Sikes, Dr. H. B 1013 Simiiions, Louis A 803 Simmons, Joshua 667 Simmons. T, M 667 Simpson, S. C 707 Skinner 0. C 3.35 Skean, James 782 Skiles, Mrs. Elizabeth 733 Slade, C W 1004 Slater, John 968 Snoick, J. C 974 Smick, Lewis 967 Smith, J. S '. 1145 Smith, W. PI 738 Smith, Samuel 1149 Smith, A. J. Sr 603 Smith, J. H 651 Smith, I. G 651 Smith, P. f 735 Smithers, W.T 1083 Smithers, Thoraas 1083 Smithers, Thomas Jr..,1083 Smith, W. F 1071 Snapp, J. H 1029 Snapp, Alex 1' 29 Snodgrass, Aaron 1037 Snowden, John 802 Solomon, G. W 984 Sommers, S, L 1147 Sorter, Thomas 1 314 Southwai-d, WiUiam,., 321 Sparks, Allen L 395 Spangler, W. W .....11,55 Sparks, T. T 401 Sperry, Levinus 963 Sperry, Oman 974 Spiker, Martin - H67 Standard, J. B 798 Serven, J. J 761 stocker, L Serven.J. H.. Seybold, James.. 761 623 .Standard, S. R.. St.indard. Gideon,. Stapp, J. W Statler, Samuel Statler, James Steach, K. R.. 803 , 7.32 . 671 690 , 916 , 771 Steach. H, S 784 Stearns, S. S .¦ 760 Stevens, H. H Stevens, J. F Stevens, C- A Stevens, W. O.... Stevens, E. D .... Stevens, J, W,.. Stevens, J. H Stevens, WiUiam 964 Steokel, W. F 812 Steckel, Mrs. W, F 812 Stewart. W, W 1022 Stites, T, B 10)5 Stlckle,A.B 683 Stickle, Abraham 684 Stickle, George 684 Stickle, William 684 602 601 , 601 601 ,.1068 Stoffer, J '....IMS Stoneking, Rev. Uriah 705 XVI ILLUSTEATIONS. Page, Stookey, J. A 602 SLookey, Dr. D, V 423 Stewart, John T 266 Sullivan, Joseph, Sr 713 SuUivan, T, D 747 Sullivan, H. C 747 Sumpter, H, C 881 •Swango, S, W 918 Swayze, W. C 980 Sylvester, C. R 1081 Tainter, Almon ', 852 Tainter, Benj 822 Tainter, Mrs Benj,,,, 822 Tallis, William 586 Tannehill, J. F „ 1026 Tannehill. W. H 76i Tate. R. D 1151 Tate, A, K 1153 Taylor, George A 322 Taylor, W. H ,326' Tatraan. Hiram 1142 Teats. Aloha 737' Terrill, John 621 Thomas, Jesse B .332 Thomas, W. O 1106 Thoinas, G.W 921 Thompson, Dr. S 421 Thompson, Mrs. Loren 703 Tnorapson, Rev P.W., 714 Thornton. Antlrony..,. 312 Tinsley, N. P 1135 Tigtr, A.J 1024 Tobin, A. D 1085 Toland, William 705 Towner, Rev. J. L 752 Trew, J. D 611 Trull, G. C 613 Trumpy,, Henry 773 Tuggle. John 741 Tunnicliff, D, Q 392 Twaddle, W. H 395 Twaddle. George W 700 Twidwell, Jolin ti'>> Twyman, Iverson L 303 Tyrrell, Roswell 546 Upp, George.!^ 992 Updegraff, J. C 973 Updegrafl', J. P 1055 Vance, Johu 85 Vance, Jobn 858 Vainer. J. J 8.37 Vail, Ebenezer 754 Vail, H. W 754 Vail, G. W 7.55 Vail. J. B 7.54 Vail, Christopher 753 Vanlloseii, Lsaac 1080 VauHosen, W. J 1080 Venard. J. B 1114 Venard, R. H 1115 Veuiird, John 696 Venard, Wm 696 Venard, George 696 Vincent, Michael 1006 Vose, L. B 397 WaddlU, Col. C. W 563 Wad lill, Michael L... 554 Waddili, John 552 Wartdlll, C.W 552 Waddili, Benjamin,, ,, 553 Walker, J. D 1150 Walker, Pinkney H. , , ,335 Walker, Cyrus 387 Walker, Allen H 713 Walker,T G 713 Walker, Cyrus 724 Walker, A. A., Sr 682 Walker, A, A 683 Waiker,U. B 815 Walker, Gilmer 1016 Walker, Quintus 1016 Wnlker, A. H 1019 Walker, J. M 1157 Wallin, J. M 941 Wallingford, J. R 936 Ward,Q,. C 295 P^ge Ward, William 1113 Warren, C. A 938 Washburn, L. 1 767 Waters, Louis H 391 Watson, Archibald.... 716 Watson, Jno. W 717 Watson, Tliomas 717 Watson, Alexander ,. . 715 Watson, John 715 Watson, Thomas 716 Watson, Hugh 716 Wayland, W. F 815 Weaver. I. M 774 Wear, H. E 6.52 Wear, J, D 653 Webb, Bowen Webb, J.C Webb, S. A 954 Weir, Dr. Wm. H 292 Wells, G. M 1063 Wells, E, L 1063 Wells, G. P 1063 Wells, W.F 1074 Wells.J. T 756 West, Stockton 835 Westfall, Dr. A. M.... 426 WestfaU, Dr. E. K 287 Westfall, Dr. B. R , . , , 408 Wetsel, Christopher,,, 917 Wettengel, C.W 688 Wetsel, G. W • 993 Wheat, Crosby F: 396 Whitaker, Charles H, ,519 White, S. A .588 White, F. S 620 White, Dr. Abner 89i Whittington, Beverly. 652 Wilcox, J. M 964 Wiley, John 989 Wilkins, W.G 910 Willey, Charles 706 Williams, Johu H 337 Williams, Richard,, ,,1096 Williams, Lafayette., . 910 Williams. L. M,. 921 Page. WUIiamson, Mathew. 823 WHson, Hugh 85 WUson, Sarauel 324 Wilson, J.O.C 376 Wilson, John 728 WUson, J. H 775 Wilson, Lewis 1013 Wilson, J. H 982 Wilson, James 640 Wilson, W. L 643 Wilson. John W 680 Windsor, Benjamin, ,, 591 Winslow, M. T 1076 Wisherd, J. H 823 Wisherd, Jacob 823 Wissler, J. D 927 Wold. Ole E 606 Woolley, Fitzgerald,,. 627 Woods, Salem 902 Woods, Edward 904 Woods, D. D 904 Woodside, W. L 870 Woodside, T. F 870 Woodworth, Rev. H.G. 779 Work, J. M 971 Wright, I.N" 630 Wright, T. R 940 Wrigley.T, H 704 Wyne, J. W 1059 WynejH. C 1059 Wyne, Joseph E 320 ,,,, 666 Yard, Job Yard, Job Jr Yard, Thomas C 666 Yates, Christopher., 650 Yeast, J. L 932 Yoder, J. P 855 Yocura, Stephen 905 Young, W.W 1031 Young, Richard M 330 Zirkel, Adam, 995 PORTRAITS AND ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Blackstone, Steplien,,. 201 Bushnell High School.. 854 Clark, Alvah 607 Cole, James 315 Court House 50 Page, Cruser, Frederick 743 Miner, J, F 589 Miner, Mrs. J. F 540 Neece, W. H,-r. 379 Newiaod, FreJ 243 Page. Porter, J.E 403 Prentiss, WiUiam 171 Randolph, W.H 471 Sperry, L. B 675 Page. Stickle.Abiaham 351 Tunnicliff, D, G 99 Western Normal Coll.. 384 Whitaker, C. H 135 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. CHAPTKR I. ILLINOIS, the fourth state in the Union in wealth, population and po litical power, lies in the very heart of the upper valley of the Mississippi. Stretching over five degrees of latitude, from parallel 37|- to 42^-, it has consider able diversity, both of soil and climate. The boundary line of the state is about twelve hundred miles in length. From the point where it joins the Wisconsin line on the northeast, Lake Michigan bounds it on the east for fifty miles to the northwest corner of Indiana; thence a line is drawn due south one hundred and sixty-eight miles to the Wabash river. The Wabash and Ohio rivers constitute the remainder of the eastern and southern boundaries, while the lordly Mississippi washes its entire western border. The extreme length of the state is three hundred and seventy- eight miles; the extreme breadth, inthe latitude of Danville and Eushville, is two hundred and ten miles, and the average breadth is about one hundred and fifty miles. Illinois contains 55,405 square miles, or more than 35,000,000 acres of land. Fuliy two-thirds of this is prairie, and nearly all of it is susceptible to proper cultivation. The state has 10,000 more square miles than New York or Ohio, and is larger than Pennsylvania and New Jersey combined, and is almost as large as all the New England states taken together. THE MOUND BUILDERS. That Illinois was inhabited by a race of men prior to the present Indian race that yet inhabits aportion of the Union, hardly admits of a doubt. It is clearly demonstrated by the well authenticatfed accounts of discoveries made that a civ ilized people, and one highly cultivated, once occupied the great " Prairie " state, and various parts of the country now constituting the American union, but the date of their rule in the western world is so remote that all traces of this history, progress and decay, lie buried in the deepest obscurity. This pre-historic race is known as the Mound Builders, from the numerous large mounds of earthworks left by them. Their char acter can be but partially gleaned from the internal evidences and peculiarities 18 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. of all that remains of them— the mounds. Eemains of what were appar ently villages, altars, temples, idols, cemeteries, monuments, camps, fortifi cations, and pleasure grounds have been found, but nothing showing of what material were their habitations. The question as to the origin of the Mound Builders is an interesting one. If they were not the ancestors of the Indians, who were they? Those who do not believe in the common parentage of mankind contend that they were an in digenous race of the western hemis phere; others think they came from the east, and imagine the religion of the Hindoos and southern Tartars, and the supi 03ed theology of the Mound Build ers to be coincident and identical. They were, no doubt, idolaters, and it has been conjectured that the sun was the object of their adoration. The mounds were generally built in a situation af fording a view of the rising sun; when enclosed in walls, their gateways were toward the east; the caves in which their dead were occasionally buried al ways opened in the same direction; whenever a mound was partially enclos ed by a semi-circular pavement, it was on the east side; when bodies were bur ied in graves, as was frequently the case, they were laid in a direction east and west; and, finally, medals have been found representing the sun and his rays of light. At what period they came to this coun try, or how, is likewise a matter of speculation. From the comparatively rude state of the arts among them, it has been inferred that the time was very re mote. Their axes were of stone. Their raiment, judging from fragments which have been discovered, consisted of the bark of trees, interwoven with feathers; and their military works were such as a people would erect who had just passed to the pastoral state of society from that dependent alone upon hunting and fish ing. The mounds and other ancient earth works constructed by this people are far more abundant than generally supposed, from the fact that while some are quite large, the greater part of them are small and inconspicuous. Along nearly all our water-courses that are large enough to be navigated with a canoe, the mounds are almost invariably found, covering the base points and headlands of the bluffs which border the narrower valleys; so that, when one finds himself in such posi tions as to oommand the grandest views for river scenery, he may almost always discover that he is standing upon, or in close proximity to, some one or more of these traces of the labors of an ancient people. One of the most singular earthworks in the state was found on the top of a ridge near the east bank of the Sinsin- awa creek, in the lead region. It re sembled some huge animal, the head, ears, nose, legs, and tail, and general out line of which being as perfect as if made by men versed in modern art. The ridge on which it was situated stands on the prairie, 300 yards wide, 100 feet in height and rounded on the top by a deep de posit of clay. Centrally, along the line of its summit, and thrown up in the form of an embankment three feet high, ex tended the outline of a quadruped meas uring 250 feet from the tip of the nose HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 19 to the end of the tail, and having a width of 18 feet at the centre of the body. The head was 35 feet in length, the ears 10 feet, legs 60, and tail 75. The curv ature on both the fore and hind legs was natural to an animal lying on its side. The general outline of the figure most nearly resembled the extinct animal known to geologists as the Megatherium. The question naturally arises, by whom and for what purpose was this earth fig ure raised ? Some have conjectured that numbers of this now extinct animal lived and roamed over the prairies of Illinois when the Mound-Builders first made their appearance on the upper part of the Mississippi Valley, and that the won der and admiration, excited by the colos sal dimensions of these huge creatures, found some expression in the erection of this figure. The bones of some similar gigantic animals were exhumed on this stream about three miles from the same place. Mr. Breckenridge, who examined the antiquities of the western country in 1817, speaking of the mounds in the American Bottom, says: "The great number and extremely large size of some of them may be regarded as furnishing, with other circumstances, evidences of their antiquity. I have sometimes been in duced to think that at the period when they were constructed there was a pop ulation here as numerous as that which once animated the borders of the Nile or Euphrates, or of Mexico. The most nu merous, as well as considerable, of these remains are found in precisely those parts of the country where the traces of a numerous population might be looked for, namely, from the mouth of the Ohio, on the east side of the Mississippi, to the Illinois river, and on the west from the St. Francis to the Missouri. I am per fectly satisfied that cities similar to those of ancient Mexico, of several hundred thousand souls, have existed in this country." OTHER EACES. Following the Mound-Builders as in habitants of North America, were, as it is supposed, the people who reared the magnificent cities the ruins of which are found in Central America. This people was far more civilized and advanced in the arts than were the Mound-Builders. The cities built by them, judging from the ruins of broken columns, fallen arches and crumbling walls of temples, palaces and pyramids, which in some places for miles bestrew the ground, must have been of great extent, magnifi cent and very populous. When we con sider the vast period of time necessary ' to erect such colossal structures, and, again, the time required to reduce them to their present ruined state, we can con ceive something of their antiquity.- These cities must have been old when many of the ancient cities of the Orient were being built. The third race inhabiting North Amer ica distinct from the foriner two in every particular, is, the present Indians. They were, when visited by the early discov ers, without cultivation, refinement or literature, and far behind the Mound Builders in the knowledge of the arts. The question of their origin has long interested archaeologists, and is the most difiicult they have been called upon to answer. Of their predecessor, the In- 20 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. dian tribes knew nothing; they even had no traditions respecting them. It is quite certain that they were the success ors of a race that had entirely passed away ages before the discovery of the new world. One hypothesis is that the American Indians are an original race indigenous to the western hemisphere. Those who entertain this view think their peculiarities of physical structure preclude the possibility of a common parentage with the rest of mankind. Prominent among those distinctive traits is the hair, which in the red man is round, in the white man oval, and in the black man flat. A more common suppo sition, however, is that they are a deriv ative race, and sprang from one or more of the ancient peoples of Asia. This last is doubtless the true theory. INDIANS. When Christopher Columbus had finally succeeded in demonstrating the truth of his theory, that by sailing west from Europe land would be discovered, landing on the island of San Salvador he supposed that he had reached the East Indies. This was an error, but it led to the adoption of .the name of "In dians" for the inhabitants of the newly discovered county, by whioh name the red men of America have ever sinoe been known. At the time of the discovery of America, the Algonquins, one of the most powerful tribes of Indians, occu pied the seaboard, while the Iroquois, another great tribe, inhabited the country almost surrounded by them. The Algon quins spread over vast territory, and various tribes of Algonquin lineage sprang up over the country, in time adopting distinct tribal customs and laws. An almost continuous warfare was carried on between tribes, but when the white men came, a confederacy of Indian tribes was formed, and every foot of territory was fiercely disputed. The Algonquins formed the most extensive alliance to resist the encroachments of the whites, especially the English. Such was the nature of King Philip's war. This king, with his Algonquin braves, spread terror and desolation throughout New England. With the Algonquins as the controlling spirit, a confederacy of continental proportions was the result, embracing in its alliance the tribes of every name and lineage from the north ern lakes to the gulf. Pontiac having breathed into them his implacable hate of tho English intruders, ordered the conflict to commence, and all the British colonies trembled before the desolating fury of Indian vengeance. ILLINOIS CONFEDERACY. The Illinois confederacy, the various tribes of which comprised most of the Indians of Illinois at one time, was com posed of five tribes ; the Tamaroas, Mich- igans, Kaskaskias, Cahokias and Peorias. The Illinois, Miamis and Delawares, were of the same stock. As early as 1670, the priest. Father Marquette, men tions frequent visits made by individuals of this confederacy to the missionary station at St. Esprit, near the western extremity of Lake Superior. At that time they lived west of the Mississippi, in eight villages, whither they had been driven from the shores of Lake Michigan by the Iroquois. Shortly afterward, they began to return to their old hunt- y-ii . i:j HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 21 ing grounds, and most of them finally settled in Illinois. Joliet and Marquette, in 1673, met with a band of them on their famous voyage of discovery down the Mississippi. They were treated with the greatest hospitality by the principal chief. On their return voyage up the Illinois river, they stopped at the prin cipal town of the confederacy, situated on the banks of the river, seven miles below the present town of Ottawa. It was then called Kaskaskia. Marquette returned to the village in 1675, and established the mission of the Immacu late Conception, the oldest in Illinois. When, in 1679, LaSalle visited the town, it had greatly increased, numbering 460 lodges, and at the annual assembly of the different tribes, from 6,000 to 8,000 souls. In common with other western tribes, they became involved in the con spiracy of Pontiac, although displaying no very great warlike spirit. Pontiac lost his life by the hands of one of the braves of the Illinois tribe, which so enraged the nations that had followed him as their leader, that they fell upon the Illinois to avenge his death, and almost annihilated them. Tradition states that a band of this tribe, in order to escape the general slaughter, took refuge upon the high rock on the Illi nois river known as "Starved Eock." Nature has made this one of the most formidable military fortresses in the world. From the waters which wash its base, it rises to an altitude of 125 feet. Three of ¦ its sides it is impossible to scale, wliile the other may be climbed with difficulty. From its summit, almost as inaccessible as an eagle's nest, the valley of the Illinois is seen as a land scape of exquisite beauty. The river near by struggles between a number of wooded islands, while further below it quietly meanders through vast raeadows until it disappears like a thread of light in the dim distance. On the summit of this rook, the Illinois were besieged by a su perior force of the Pottawattamies, whom the great strength of their natural for tress enabled them to keep at bay. Hun ger and thirst, however, soon accomplish ed what the army was unable to effect. Surrounded by a relentless foe, without food or water, they took a last look at their beautiful hunting grounds, and with true Indian fortitude, laid down and died from starvation. Years after ward, their bones were seen whitening in that place. At the beginning of the present cen tury, the remnants of this once powerful confederacy were forced into a smaller compass around Kaskaskia. A few years later they emigrated to the southwest, and in 1850 they were in the Indian Ter ritory, and numbered but 84 persons. EARLY DISCOVERIES. Nicholas Perrot, a Frenchman, was the first white man to visit the present great state of Illinois. In the year 1671, he was sent to Chicago by M. Talon, intendant of Canada, for the pur pose of inviting the Indians to a peace convention, to be held at Green Bay. The object of this convention was the formation of a plan for the exploration of the Mississippi river. De Soto, the Spanish explorer, had discovered the river nearly one hundred and fifty years previously, but did not effect a settle ment or explore the country any farther. 22 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. It remained as it was until the Frenoh determined to visit it, for whioh purpose it was deemed a wise policy, as far as possible, to secure the friendship and co-operation of the Indians, before ven turing upon an enterprise whioh their hostility might render disastrous. A plan was accordingly arranged, and Louis Joliet joined Father Jacques Marquette at the Jesuit Mission, on the strait of Mackinaw, and with five other French men, and a simple outfit, the daring explorers, on the 17th of May, 1673, set out on their perilous voyage to discover the Mississippi. Coasting along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, they entered Green Bay, and passed thence up Fox river and Lake Winnebago, to a village of the Muscatines and Miamis, where great interest was taken in the expedition by the natives. With guides they proceeded down the river. Arriv ing at the portage, they soon carried their eight canoes and scanty baggage to the Wisconsin, about three miles distant. Their guides now refused to accompany them further, and endeavored by reciting the dangers incident to the voyage, to induce them to return. They stated that huge demons dwelt in the great river, whose voices could be heard a long distance, and who engulfed in the raging waters all who came within their reach. They also stated that if any of them should escape the dangers of the river, fierce tribes of Indians dwelt upon its banks, ready to complete the work of destruction. They proceeded upon their journey, however, and ou the 17th of June, pushed their frail barks upon the bosom of the stately Mississippi, down whioh they smoothly glided for nearly a hundred miles. Here Joliet and Mar quette, leaving their canoes in charge of their men, went upon the v/estern shore, where they discovered an Indian village, and were kindly treated. They journeyed on down the unknown river, passing the mouth of the Illinois, then running into the current of the muddy Missouri, and afterwards the waters of the Ohio joined with them on their journey southward. Near the mouth of the Arkansas they discovered Indians who showed signs of hostility; but when Marquette's mission of peace was made known to them, they were kindly received. After proceeding up the Arkansas a short distance, at the advice of the natives, they turned their faces northward to retrace their steps. After several weeks of hard toil, they reached the Illinois, up which they pro ceeded to Lake Michigan. Following the western shore of the lake, they en tered Green Bay the latter part of Sep tember, having traveled a distance of 2,500 miles. FIRST SETTLEMENTS. On his way up the Illinois, Marquette visited the Kaskaskias, near what is now Utica, in LaSalle county. The follow ing year he returned, and established among them the mission of the Immacu late Conception. This was the last act of his life. He died iu Michigan, May 18, 1675. The town was named Kas kaskia by Marquette. The first military occupation of the country was at Fort Crevecceur, erected in 1680; but there is no evidence that a settlement was commenced there, or at Peoria, on the lake above, at that early date. The first settlement of HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 23 which there is any authentic account was commenced with the building of Fort St. Louis, on the Illinois river, in 1682; but this was soon abandoned. The oldest permanent settlement, not only in Illinois, but in the valley of the Mississippi, was at Kaskaskia, six miles above its confluence with the Mississippi and Prairie du Eocher, near Fort Chartres. Fort Chartres was built under the direction of the Missis sippi company in 1718, and was for a time the headquarters of the military commandants of the district of Illinois, and the most impregnable fortress in North America. It was also the center of wealth and fashion in the west. For about eighty years, the Frenoh retained peaceable possession of Illinois. Their amiable disposition and tact of ingrati ating themselves with the Indians, en abled them to escape almost entirely the broils which weakened and destroyed other colonies. Whether exploring re mote rivers or traversing hunting grounds in pursuit of game, in the social circle or as participants in the religious exer cises of the church, the red men became their associates, and were treated with the kindness and consideration of brothers. For more than a hundred years, peace between the white man and the red was unbroken, and when at last this reign of harmony terminated, it was not caused by the conciliatory Frenchman, but by the blunt and sturdy Anglo-Saxon. During this century, or until the country was occupied by the English, no regular court was ever held. When, in 1765, the country passed into the hands of the English, many of the French, rather than submit to a change in their institutions, preferred to leave their homes and seek a new abode. There are, however, at the present time, a few remnants of the old French stock in the state, who still retain to a great extent, the ancient habits and customs of their fathers. ENGLISH RULE. In 1750 France claimed the whole val ley of the Mississippi, and England the right to extend her possessions westward as far as she inight desire. Through colonial controversies, the two mother countries were precipitated into a bloody war within the Northwestern Territory, George Washington firing the first gun of the military struggle whioh resulted in the overthrow of the Frenoh, not only in Illinois, but in North America. The French evinced a determination to re tain control of the territory bordering the Ohio and Mississippi, from Canada to the Gulf, and so long as the English colonies were confined to the sea-coast, there was little reason for controversy. As the English, however, became ac quainted with this beautiful and fertile portion of our country, they not only learned the value of the vast territory, but also resolved to set up a counter claim to the soil. The French establish ed numerous military and trading posts from the frontiers of Canada to New Orleans, and in order to establish also their claims to jurisdiction over the country, they carved the lilies of France on the forest trees, or sank plates of metal in the ground. These measures did not, however, deter the English from going on with their explorations; and though neither party resorted to arms. 24 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. yet the conflict was gathering, and it was oi^ly a question of time when the storm should burst upon the frontier settle ment. The Frenoh based their claims upon discoveries, the English on grants of territory extending from ocean to ocean, but neither party paid the slight est attention to the prior claims of the Indians. From this position of affairs, it was evident that the actual collision between the contending parties would not much longer be deferred. The Eng lish government, in anticipation of a war, urged the governor of Virginia to lose no time in building two forts, whioh were equipped by arms from England. The French anticipated the English, and gathered a considerable force to defend their possessions. The governor deter mined to send a messenger to the nearest French post, and demand an explanation. This resolution of the governor brought into the history of our country for the first time the man of all others whom America most loves to honor, namely, George Washington. He was chosen, al though not twenty-one years of age, as the one to perform this delicate and diffi cult mission. With five companions he set out, on November 10, 1753, and after a perilous journey, returned January 6, 1754. The struggle commenced, and con tinued long, and was bloody and fierce; but on the 10th of October, 1765, the en sign of France was replaced on the ram parts of Fort Chartres, by the flag of Great Britain. This fort was the depot of supplies, and the place of rendezvous for the united forces of the French. At this time the colonies of the Atlantic sea board were assembled in preliminary congress at New York, dreaming of lib erty and independence for the continent; and Washington, who led the expedition against the French for the English King, in less than ten years was commanding the forces opposed to the English tyrant. Illinois, besides being constructively a part of Florida for over one hundred years, during which time no Spaniard set foot upon her soil or rested his eyes upon her beautiful plains, for nearly ninety years had been in the actual occu pation of the Frenoh, their puny settle ments slumbering quietly in colonial de pendence on the distant waters of the Kaskaskia, Illinois and Wabash. CHAPTER II COUNTY AND TEEEITOEY OF ILLINOIS. The Northwest Territory was now en tirely under English rule, and on the breaking out of the Eevolutionary war, the British held every post of impor tance in the west. While the colonists of the East were maintaining a fierce struggle with the armies of England, their western frontiers were ravaged by HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 25 the merciless butcheries of Indian war fare. The jealousy of the savage was aroused to action by the rapid extension of American settlement westward, and the improper influence exerted by a number of military posts, garrisoned by British troops. To prevent indiscrimi nate slaughter, arising from these causes, Illinois became the theatre of some of the most daring exploits connected with American history. The hero of the achievements by which this beautiful land was snatched as a gem from the British_ crown, was George Eogers Clark, of Virginia. He had closely watched the movements of the British throughout the northwest, and under stood their whole plan; he also knew the Indians were not unanimously in ac cord with the English, and therefore was convinced that if the British could be de feated and expelled from the northwest, the natives could be easily awed into neutrality. Having convinced himself that the enterprise against the Illinois settlement might easily succeed, he re paired to the capital of Virginia, arriv ing November 5, 1777. While he was on his way, fortunately, Burgoyne was defeated (October 17), and the spirits of the colonists were thereby greatly en couraged. Patrick Henry was governor of Virginia, and at once entered heart ily into Clark's plans. After satisfying the Virginia leaders of the feasibility of his project, he received two sets of in structions — one secret, the other open. The latter authorized him to enlist seven companies to go to Kentucky, and serve three months after their arrival in the west. The secret order authorized him to arm these troops, to procure his pow der and lead of General Hand, at Pitts burg, and to proceed at once to subju gate the country. With these instructions Colonel Clark repaired to Pittsburg, choosing rather to raise his men west of the mountains, as he well knew all were needed in the col onies for the conflict there. Enlisting his men, he at once proceeded to carry out his instructions. His plan was to go by water as far as Fort Massac, and thence march direct to Kaskaskia. Here he intended to surprise the garri son, and after its captm-e go to Cahokia, then to Vincennes, and lastly to Detroit. Each of these posts were, in turn cap tured. The services of Clark proved of es sential advantage to his countrymen. They disconcerted the plans of Hamil ton, the governor of Detroit, who was intending to make a vigorous and con certed attack upon the frontier, and not only saved the western frontier from depredations by the savages, but also greatly cooled the ardor of the Indians, for carrying on a contest in which they were not likely to be the gainers. Had it not been for this small army, a union of all the tribes from Maine to Georgia against the colonies might have been af fected, and the whole current of our his tory changed. COUNTY OP ILLINOIS. In October, 1778, after the successful campaign of Colonel Clark, the assem bly of Virginia erected the conquered country, embracing all the territory northwest of the Ohio river, into the county of Illinois, which was doubtless the largest county in the world, exceed- 26 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. ing in dimensions the whole of Great Britian and Ireland. To speak more definitely, it contained the territory now embraced in the great states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Mich igan. On the 12th of December, 1778, John Todd was appointed lieutenant commandant of this county by Patrick Henry, then governor of Virginia, and accordingly, also, the first of Illinois county. NORTHWESTERN TEEEITOEY. Illinois continued to form a part of Virginia until March 1, 1784, when that state ceded all the territory north of the Ohio to the United States. Immedi ately the general government proceeded to establish a form of government for the settlers in the territories thus ceded. This form continued until the passage of the ordinance of 1787, for the gov ernment of the Northwestern Territory. No man can study the secret history of this ordinance and not feel that Provi dence was guiding with sleepless eye, the destinies of these unborn states. American legislation has never achieved anything more admirable, for its inter nal government than this comprehen sive ordinance. Its provisions concern ing the distribution of property, the principles of civil and religious liberty which it laid at the foundation of the co.tnmunities since established, and the efficient and simple organization by which it created the first machinery of civil society, are worthy of all the praise that has ever been given them. OEDINANCE OF 1787. For some years Thomas Jefferson had vainly tried to secure a system of govern ment for the Northwestern Territory. He was an emancipationist, and favored the exclusion of slavery from the terri tory, and in this he was opposed by al most the entire south. In July, 1787, Manasseh Cutler appeared in New York to lobby on the question of organization of the Northwestern Territory. He was a country gentleman of the old style, a man of commanding presence and of in viting face. He came representing a Massachusetts company that desired to purchase a tract of land, now included in Ohio, for the purpose of planting a colony. This company, together with certain speculators in New York, enabled him to represent a demand for 5,500,000 acres. The amount thus received from the sale of this land would apply towards reducing the national debt, which Jeffer son was anxious should be paid as soon as possible. Massachusetts tlien owned the terri tory of Maine, which she was crowding on the market. She was opposed to opening the northwestern region. This fired the zeal of Virginia. The south caught the inspiration, and all exalted Dr. Cutler. The entire south rallied around him. Massachusetts could not vote against him, because many of the constituents of her members were inter ested personally in the western specula tion. Thus Cutler, making friends in the south, and doubtless using all the arts of the lobby, was enabled to com mand the situation. True to deeper con victions, he dictated one of the most com pact and finished documents of wise statesmanship that has ever adorned any human , law book. He borrowed from Jefferson the term "Articles of Compact," HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 27 which, preceding the federal constitution, rose into most sacred character. He then followed very closely the constitution of Massachusetts, adopted three years be fore. Its prominent points -ivere: 1. The exclusion of slavery from the territory forever. 2. Provision for public schools, giv ing one township for a seminary, and every section numbered 16 in each town ship; that is, one-thirty-sixth of all the land for public schools. 3. A provision prohibiting the adopt ion of any constitution or the enactment of any law that should nullify pre-ex isting contracts. Be it forever remembered that this compact declared that "religion, moral ity and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of edu cation shall always be encouraged." Dr. Cutler planted himself on this platform, and would not yield. Giving his un qualified declaration that it was that or nothing, — that unless they could make the land desirable they did not want it, — he took his horse and buggy and started for the constitutional convention at Phil adelphia. On July 13, 1787, the bill was put upon its passage, and was unani mously adopted. Thus the great states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin, a vast empire, were conse crated to freedom, intelligence and mor ality. Thus the great heart of the na tion was prepared to save the union of states, for it was this act that was the salvation of the republic and the destruc tion of slavery. Soon the soutii saw their great blunder, and tried to have the com pact repealed. In 1803 congress referred it to a committee, of which John Ean dolph was chairman. He reported that this ordinance was a compact, and op posed repeal. There it stood, a rock in the way of the on-rushing sea of slavery. General Arthur St. Clair was, by con gress, elected governor of this vast ter ritory. ILLINOIS TEEEITOEY. After the division of the Northwest ern Territory, Illinois became one of the counties of the territory of Indiana, from which it was, separated by an act of congress, February 3, 1809, forming the territory of Illinois, with a population estimated at 9,000, and then including the present state of Wisconsin. It was divided, at the time, into two counties — St. Clair and Eandolph. John Boyle, of Kentucky, was appointed governor by the president, James Madison, but declining, Ninian Edwards, of the same state, was then appointed, and served with distinction; and after the organiza tion of Illinois as a state, he served in that capacity, being its third governor. During Governor Edwards' adminis tration, the war of 1812 commenced, and the few whites in the state had to con tend against a savage foe incited on to deeds of violence by the British officers sent out for that purpose. The massa cre at Fort Dearborn, of helpless pris oners, by the infuriated Indians, forms a black page in Illinois history. Several expeditions were put on foot by Gover nor Edwards against the Indians, and in the various campaigns the governor bore an honorable and heroic part. Peace came at last, the Indian depreda tions ceased, and the territory of Illinois was again on the road to prosperity. 28 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. CHAPTKR III. STATE OEGANIZATION. In January of 1818 the territorial leg islature forwarded to Nathaniel Pope, delegate in congress from Illinois, a petition praying for admission into the national union as a state. On April 18 of the same year, congress passed the enabling act, and December 3, after the state government had been organized, and Governor Bond had signed the con stitution, congress, by a resolution, de clared Illinois to be one of the "United States of America, and admitted into the union on an equal footing with the original states in every respect." PIEST CONSTITUTION. In July and August of 1818, a con vention was held at Kaskaskia for the purpose of drafting a constitution. This constitution was not submitted to a vote of the people for their approval or rejec tion, it being well known that they would approve it. It was about the first or ganic law of any state in the union to abolish imprisonment for debt. The first election under the constitution was held on the first Thursday and the two succeeding days in September, 1818. Shadrach Bond was elected governor, and Pierre Menard lieutenant-governor. Their term of office extended four years. At this time the state was divided into 15 counties, the population being about 40,000. Of this number, by far the larger portion were from the southern states. The salary of the governor was $1,000, whi'le that of the treasurer was $500. The legislature re-enacted, ver batim, the territorial code, the penalties of which were unnecessarily severe. Whipping, stocks and pillory were used for minor offenses, and for arson, rape, horse-stealing, etc., death by hanging was the penalty. These laws, however, were modified in 1821. The legislature first convened at Kas kaskia, the ancient seat of empiie for more than one hundred and fifty years, both for the French and Americans. Provisions were made, however, for the removal of the seat of government by this legislature. A place in the wilder ness on the Kaskaskia river was selected, and named Vandalia. From Vandalia it was removed to Springfield in the year 1839. THE WINNEBAGO WAR. The Indians, who for some years were on peaceful terms with the whites, be came troublesome in 1827. The Win- nebagoes. Sacs and Foxes and other tribes had been at war more than a hun dred years. In the summer of 1827 a war party of the Winnebagoes surprised a party of Chippewas, and killed eight of them. Four of the murderers were arrested,, and delivered to the Chippe- HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 29 was, by whom they were immediately shot. This was the first irritation of, the Winnebagoes. Eed Bird, a chief of this tribe, in order to avenge the execu tion of the four warriors of his own people, attacked the Chippewas, but was defeated; and being determined to sat isfy his thirst for revenge by some means, surprised and killed several white men. Upon receiving intelligence of these murders, the whites who were working the lead mines in the vicinity of Galena formed a body of volunteers, and, reinforced by a company of United States troops, marched into the country of the Winnebagoes. To save their na tion from the miseries of war, Eed Bird and six other men of his nation volun tarily surrendered themselves. Some of the number were executed, some of them imprisoned, and destined, like Eed Bird, ingloriously to pine away within the narrow limits of a jail, where for merly the vast forests had proven too confining for them. BLACK HAWK WAK. In the year 1804, a treaty was con cluded between the United States and the chiefs of the Sac and Fox nations, who had fought with great bravery in the service of Great Britain during the war of 1812. Black Hawk had always taken ex ceptions to this treaty, pronouncing it void. In 1831 he established himself , with a chosen band of warriors, upon the dis puted territory, ordering the whites to leave the country at once. The settlers complaining, Governor Eeynolds dis patched General Gaines, with a company of regulars and 1,500 volunteers, to the scene of action. Taking the Indians by surprise, the troops burnt their villages and forced them to conclude a treaty, by whieh they ceded all lands east of the Mississippi, and agreed to remain on the western side of the river. Necessity forced the proud spirit of Black Hawk into submission, which made him more than ever determined to be avenged upon his enemies. Having rallied around him the war-like braves of the Sac and Fox nations, he crossed the Mississippi in the spring of 1832. Upon learning of this invasion. Governor Eeynolds hastily collected a body of 1,800 volun teers, placing them under command of Brigadier-General Whiteside. The army marched to the Mississippi, and having reduced to ashes the Indian village known as "Prophet's Town," proceeded several miles up the river to Dixon, to join the regular forces under General Atkinson. They found at Dixon two companies of volunteers, who, sighing- for glory, were despatched to reconnoi tre the enemy. They advanced, under command of Major Stillman, to a small creek, afterwards known as "Stillman's Eun," and while there encamped, saw a party of mounted Indians at a distance of a mile. Several of Stillman's party mounted their horses and charged the Indians, killing three of them, but being attacked by the main body under Black Hawk, they were routed, and by their precipitated flight, spread such a panic through the camp that the whole com pany ran off to Dixon as fast as possible. On their arrival, it was found that eleven of their number were missing, having been killed by the Indians. In June, 1832, Black Hawk, with a band of 150 warriors, attacked Apple 30 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. Eiver Fort, near Galena, defended by 25 men. This fort, a mere palisade of logs, was erected to afford protection to the miners. For fifteen consecutive hours the garrison had to sustain the assault of the savage enemy; but knowing very well that no quarter would be given them, they fought with such fury and desperation that the Indians, after los ing many of their best warriors, were compelled to retreat. New forces having been sworn into the service. Generals Atkinson and Henry determined to pursue the retreating foe. They followed them into Wisconsin, and hearing that Black Hawk was encamped on Eock river, at the Manitou village, issued orders to continue the pursuit. The officers of General Henry handed to him a written protest; but he, a man equal to any emergency, ordered the officers to be arrested, and escorted to General Atkinson. Within a few minutes after the order was given, the officers all collected around the general's quarters, and pledged their word that if forgiven, they would return to duty, and never do the like again. The battle of Bad Axe immediately followed, resulting in a loss to the In dians of three hundred, besides fifty prisoners. The whites had but seventeen killed and twelve wounded. Black Hawk, with twenty of his braves, escaped, retreating up the Wisconsin river. The Winnebagoes desiring to secure the' friendship of the whites, went in pur suit, and captured and delivered them to General Street, the United States Indian agent. Among the prisoners were the son of Black Hawk and the prophet of the tribe. These, with Black Hawk, were taken to Washington, D. C, and were soon confined as prisoners at For tress Monroe. Thus ended the Black Hawk war. INTERNAL IMPEOVEMENTS. At the general election in 1834, Joseph Duncan was chosen governor by a hand some majority. A reckless and uncon trollable desire for internal public im provements seized the minds of the people. In his message to the legisla ture, in 1835, Governor Duncan said: ''When Ave look abroad and see the extensive lines of inter-communication penetrating almost every section of our sister states; when we see the canal boat and the locomotive bearing with seeming triumph the rich productions of the interior to the rivers, lakes and oceans, almost annihilating time, bur then and space, what patriotic bosom does not beat high with a laudable am bition to give Illinois her full share of those advantages which are adorning her sister states, and which a magnificent Providence seems to invite by a wonder ful adaptation of our whole country to such improvements." STUPENDOUS SYSTEM OF IMPEOVEMENTS INAUGUEATED. The legislature responded to the ardent AVords of the governor, and enacted a system of internal improvements with out a parallel in the grandeur of its con ception. They ordered the construction of 1,300 miles of railroad, crossing the state in all directions. This was sur passed by the river and canal improve ments. There were a few counties not touched by the railroad, river or canal. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 31 and they wefe to be coinpensated by the free distribution of $200,000 among them. To inflate this balloon beyond credence, it was ordered that work should commence on both ends of each of these railroads and rivers, and at each river crossing all at the same time. This provision, whieh has been called the crowning folly of the entire 'system, was the result of those jealous combinations emanating from the fear that advantages might accrue to one section over another in the commencement and completion of the works. We can appreciate better, perhaps, the magnitude of this grand system by reviewing a few figures. The debt authorized for these improvements in the first instance was $10,230,000. But this, as it was soon found, was based on estimates at least too low by half. This, as we readily see, committed the state to a liability of over $20,000,000, equivalent to $200,000,000 at the present time, with over ten times the populatioii, and more than ten times the wealth. Such stupendous undertakings by the state naturally engendered the fever of speculation among individuals. That particular form known as the town lot fever, assumed the malignant type at first in Chicago, from whence it spread over the entire state and adjoining states. It was an epidemic. It cut up men's farms without regard to locality, and cut up the purses of the purchasers without regard to consequences. It was estimated that building lots enough were sold in Indiana alone to accommodate every citizen then in the United States. Chicago, which in 1830, was a small trading post, had within a few years grown into a city. This was the starting point of the wonderful growth and marvelous career of that city. Improve ments, unsurpassed in the annals of the world by individual effort, were then begun, and have been maintained to this day. Though visited by the terrible fire fiend, and the accumulations of years swept away in a night, yet she has arisen and to-day is the best built city in the world. Eeports of the rapid advance of property in Chicago spread to the east, and thousands poured into her borders, bringing money, enterprise and indus try. Every ship that left her port car ried with it maps of splendidly situated towns and additions, and every vessel that returned was laden with immi grants. It was said at the tirae that the staple article of Illinois exports was town plats, and that there was danger of crowding the state with towns to the ex clusion of land for agriculture. ILLINOIS AND MICHIGAN CANAL. The Illinois and Michigan canal again received attention. This enterprise is one of the most important in the early history of Illinois, on account of its magnitude and cost, and forming as it does, the connecting link, between the great chain of lakes ^ and the Illinois and Mississippi rivers, Governor Bond, the first governor, recommended in his first message the building of the canal. In 1821, the legislature appropriated $10,000 for surveying the route. This work was performed by two young men who estimated the cost at $600,000 or $700,000. It cost, however, when com pleted $8,000,000. In 1825, a law was passed to incorporate the canal company, but no stock was sold. In 1826, upon 32 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. the solicitation of Daniel P. Cook, con gressman from this state, congress gave 800,000 acres of land on the line of the work. In 1828, commissioners were ap pointed and work commenced, with a new survey and new estimates. In 1834-5 the work was again pushed for ward, and continued until 1848, when it was completed. PANIC — EEPUDIATION ADVOCATED. Bonds of the state were recklessly dis posed of, both in the east and in Europe. Work was commenced on various lines of railroads, but none were ever com pleted. On the Great Western Eailroad, from Meredosia east eight miles, the first locomotive that ever turned a wheel in the great valley of the Mississippi was run. The date of this remarkable event was November 8, 1838. Large sums of money were being expended with no as surance of a revenue, and consequently, in 1840, the legislature repealed the im provement laws passed three years pre viously, not, however, until the state had accumulated a debt of nearly $15,000,- 000. Thus fell the most stupenduous, extravagant and almost ruinous folly of a grand system of internal improvements that any civil community, perhaps, ever engaged in. The state banks failed, specie was scarce, an enormous debt was accumulated, the interest of which could not be paid, people were disappointed in the accumulation of wealth, and real es tate was worthless. All this had a tend ency to create a desire to throw off the heavy burden of state debt by repudia tion. Men, true, honest and able, were placed at the head of affairs; and al though the hours were dark and gloomy, and the times most trying, yet our grand state was brought through and prosper ed, until to-day, after the expenditure of millions for publio improvements, and for carrying on the civil war, it has, at present, no public debt whatever. CHAPTER IV MOEMON, MEXICAN "AND CIVIL WAES. In April, 1840, the "Latter-Day Saints," or Mormons, came in large num bers to Illinois, and purchased a tract of land on the east side of the Mississippi river, about ten miles above Keokuk. Here they commenced building the city of Nauvoo. A more picturesque or eli gible site for a city could not have been selected. The origin, rapid development and prosperity of this religious sect are the most remarkable and instructive histori cal events of the present century. That an obscure individual, without money, HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 33 education or respectability, should per suade hundreds of thousands of people to believe him inspired of God, and cause a book, contemptible as a literary production, to be received as a continua tion of the sacred revelation, appears almost incredible; yet, in less than half a century, the disciples of this obscure individual have increased to hundreds of thousands; have founded a state in the distant wilderness, and compelled the government of the United States to practically recognize them as an inde pendent people. The founder of Mormonism was Joseph Smith, a native of Vermont, who emi grated while quite young Avith his father's family to western New York. Here his youth was spent in idle, vagabond life, roaming the woods, dreaming of buried treasures, and in in endeavoring to learn the art of finding them by the twisting of a forked stick in his hands, or by look ing through enchanted stones. Both he and his father became famous as "Avater- Avizards," always ready to point out the spot where wells might be dug and water found. Such was the character of the young profligate when he made the ac quaintance of Sidney Eigdon, a person of considerable talent and information, ¦who had conceived the design of found ing a new religion. A religious romance, Avritten by Mr. Spaulding, a Presbyter- preacher of Ohio, then dead, suggested the idea, and finding in Smith the requis ite duplicity and cunning to reduce it to practice, it was agreed that he should act as a prophet; and the two devised a story that gold plates had been found buried in the earth containing a record inscribed on them in unknown charac ters, which, when inspired by the power of inspiration, gave the history of the ten lost tribes of Israel. After their settlement in and about Nauvoo, in Hancock county, great dep redations were committed by them on the "Gentiles." The Mormons had been received from Missouri with great kind ness by the people of this state, and every possible aid granted them. The depre dations committed, however, soon made them odious, when the question of get ting rid of them was agitated. In the fall of 1841, the governor of Missouri made a demand on Governor Carlin for the arrest and delivery of Joe Smith as a fugitive from justice. Smith was stib sequentiy arrested, but was released by -Judge Douglas upon the ground that the writ had once been returned before it had been executed. In 1842, he was again arrested, and again escaped. Em boldened by success, the Mormons be came more arrogant and overbearing. Many people began to believe they were about to set up a government for them selves in defiance of the laws of the state. Owners of property stolen in other counties made pursuit into Nauvoo; and were fined by the Mormon courts for daring to seek their property in the holy city. About this time they peti tioned congress to establish a territorial government for them in Nauvoo. Smith soon began to play the tyrant over his people. Among the first acts of this sort was an attempt to take the wife of William Law, one of his most talented disciples, and make her his spiritual wife. He established, without author ity, a recorder's office, and an office to issue marriage licenses. He proclaimed 34 HISTOEY OF "ILLINOIS. that none could deal in real estate or sell liquor but himself. He ordered a printing office demolished, and in many ways controlled the freedom and busi ness of the Mormons. Not only did he stir up some of the Mormons, but by his reckless disregard for the laws of the land, raised up opposition on every hand. It was believed he intro duced the Danite band, which he had chosen as the ministers of his vengeance, that no blood, except that of the church, was to be regarded as sacred, if it con travened the accomplishment of his ob ject. It was asserted that he inculcated the legality of perjury and other crimes, if committed to advance the cause of true believers; that God had given the world and all it contained to his saints, and since they were kept out of their right ful inheritance by force, it was no moral offense to get possession of it by steal ing. It was currently reported that an estab lishment existed in Nauvoo for the manu facture of counterfeit money, and that a set of outlaAvs were maintained for the purpose of putting it in circulation. Statements were circulated to the effect that a reward was offered for the destruc tion of the Warsaw Signal, an anti-Mor mon paper, and that Mormons dispersed over the country threatened all persons who offered to assist the constable in the execution of the law, with the destruc tion of their property and the murder of their families. There were rumors also afloat that an alliance had been formed with the western Indians, and in case of war they would be used in murdering their enemies. In short, if only one- half of these reports were true, the Mor mons must have been the most infamous people that ever existed. William Law, one of the proprietors of the printing office destroyed by Smith, went to Carthage, and procured a war rant for the arrest of Smith and others in the deed. The prophet, his brother Hiram and others, surrendered them selves at Carthage, June 24, 1844, on a charge of riot, and all entered into a recognizance before a justice of the peace for their appearance at court. They were again arrested, and thrown into prison at Carthage. The people of Han cock, McDonough and Schuyler counties had assembled, armed and ready to avenge the outrages that had been com mitted by the Mormons. Great excite ment prevailed. All were anxious to march into Nauvoo. The 27th of June was appointed for the march, but Gov ernor Ford, who at the time was in Car thage, apprehended trouble if the mi litia should attempt to invade Nauvoo, disbanded the troops, retaining only a guard for the jail. Governor Ford went to Nauvoo on the 27. The same morning about two hun dred men from WarsaAV, many of them disguised, hastened to Carthage. On learning that one of the companies left as a guard had disbanded, and the other stationed 150 yards from the jail, while eight men were left to guard the prison ers, a communication was soon estab lished between the Warsaw troops and the guard; and it was arranged that the guard should have their guns charged with blank cartridges and fire at the as sailants when they attempted to enter the jail. The conspirators came up, jumped the fence around the jail, were fired HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 35 upon by the guard, which, according to arrangement, Avas overpoAvered, and the assailants entered the prison to the door of the room where the two prisoners were confined. An attempt was made to break open the door; but Joe Smith, be ing armed with a pistol, fired several times as the door was broken open, and three of the assailants were wounded. At the same time several shots were fired into the room, by some of which Jolin Tay lor, a friend of the Smith's, received four wounds, and Hiram Smith was instantly killed. Joe Smith, severely wounded, attempted to escape by jumping out of a second story window, but was so stun ned by the fall that he was unable to rise. In this position he was dispatched by balls fired through his body. Thus fell Joe Smith, the most successful im- poster of modern times. Totally igno rant of almost every fact in science, as well as in law, he made up in construct- iveness and natural cunning Avhat he lacked in education. Many feared the Mormons would, as semble in force and attack Carthage for the purpose of avenging the death of the prophet. But this was never done. In the fall of 1845, a convention, con sisting of delegates from eight of the adjoining counties, assembled to concert measures for the expulsion of the Mor mons from the state. The Mormons se riously contemplated emigration west ward, believing the times forbode evil for them. Accordingly during the win ter of 1845-46, the most stupendous preparations were made by the Mor mons for removal. All the principal dwellings, and even the temple, were converted into workshops, and before spring, 12,000 wagons were in readiness; and by the middle of February, the leaders, with 2,000 of their followers, had crossed the Mississippi on the ice. Before the spring of 1846, the major ity of Mormons had left Nauvoo, but still a large number remained. THE BATTLE OF NAUVOO. In September a writ was issued against several prominent Mormons, and placed in the hands of John Carlin, of Carthage, for execution. Carlin call ed out a posse to help make the arrest, which brought together quite a large force, in the vicinity of Nauvoo. Car lin, not being a military man, placed in command of the force, first. General Singleton, and afterward Colonel Brock man, who proceeded to invest the city, erecting breastAvorks, and taking other means for defensive as well as offensive operations. What was then termed a battle next took place, resulting in the death of one Mormon and the wounding of several others, and loss to the anti- Mormons of three killed and four wounded. At last, through the inter vention of an anti-Mormon committee of one hundred, from Quincy, the Mor mons and their allies were induced to submit to such terms as the posse choose to dictate, which were that the Mor mons should immediately give up their arms to the Quincy committee and re move from the state. The trustees of the church and five of their clerks were permitted to remain for the sale of Mor mon property, and the posse were to march in unmolested, and leave a suffi cient force to guarantee the perform ance of their stipulations. Accordingly 36 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. the constable's posse marched in, AA'ith Brockman at their head. It consisted of 800 armed men, and 600 or 700 un armed, who had assembled from all the country around, through motives of curi osity to see the once proud city of Nau voo humbled and delivered up to its en emies. They proceeded into the city slow ly and carefully, examining the way for fear of the explosion of a mine, many of which had been made by the Mor mons, by burying kegs of poAvder in the ground, with a man stationed at a dis tance to pull a string communicating with the trigger of a percussion lock af fixed to the keg. This kind of a con trivance Avas called by the Mormons " hell's half acre." When the posse arrived in the city, the leaders of it elected themselves into a tribunal to de cide Avho should be forced aAvay and who remain. Parties were dispatched to hunt for fire-arms and for Mormons, and to bring them to judgment. When brought, they received their doom from the mouth of Brockman, who remained a grim and unawed tyrant for the time. As a general rule, the Mormons Avere ordered to leave AAathin an hour or two, and by rare grace some of them were allowed until next day, and in a few cases longer time was granted. MEXICAN WAE. In 1846, when the war with Mexico commenced," Illinois sent her quota of six regiments to the tented field. More men were offered, but only the six reg iments could be accepted. These six shed imperishable honors, not only upon the state, but upon the American union. Veterans never fought more nobly and effectively than did the volunteers from Illinois. At the battle of Buena Vista, by the coolness and bravery of the Second regiment, under Colonel Bissell, the day was saved. The con flict begaii early on the morning of Feb ruary 22, 1847, and Avas continued till nightfall of the next day. The solid columns of the enemy were hurled against our advancing forces all day long, but were met and held in check by the unerring fire of our musketry and artillery. A portion of General Lane's division was driven back by the enemy, who appeared in such formidable num bers as to be almost irresistible. At this time the Second Illinois, under Colonel Bissell, with a squadron of cavalry and a fcAV pieces of artillery, came handsome ly into action, and gallantly received the concentrated fire of the enemy, which they returned with deliberate aim and terrible effect. Every dis charge of the artillery seemed to tear a bloody path through the columns of the enemy. Says a Avriter: "The rapid musketry of the gallant troops from Illinois poured a storm of lead into their serried ranks, Avhich literally strewed the ground with the dead and dying." But, notwithstanding his los ses, the enemy still advanced until our gallant regiment received fire from three sides. Still they maintained their position for a time Avith unflinching firmness against that immense host. At length, perceiving the danger of be ing entirely surrounded, it was deter mined to fall back to a ravine. Colonel Bissell, with , the coolness of ordinary drill, ordered the signal " cease firing " to be made; he then, with the same de. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 37 liberation, gave the command, " face to the rear, battalion about facc; forward march!" which was executed with the regularity of veterans to a point beyond the peril of being outflanked. Again, in obedience to command, these brave men halted, faced about, and under a murderous tempest of bullets from the foe, resumed their well directed fire. The conduct of no troops could have been more admirable, and, too, until that day they had never been under fire, when, within less than half an hour, eighty of their comrades dropped by their sides. From Colton's "History of the Battle of Buena Vista, the following extract is taken: "As the enemy on our left Avas moving in retreat along the head of the plateau, our artillery was advanced until vnthin range, and opened a heavy fire upon him, while Colonels Hardin, Bissell and McKee, Avith their Illinois and Ken tucky troops, dashed gallantly forward in hot pursuit. A powerful reserve of the Mexican army was then just emerg ing from the ravine, where it- had been organized, and advanced on the plateau, opposite the head of the southernmost gorge. Those who were giving way ral lied quickly upon it, when the whole force, thus increased to over 12,000 men, came forward in a perfect blaze of fire. It was a single column, composed of the best soldiers of the republic, having for its advanced battalions the veteran regi ments. The Kentucky and Illinois troops were soon obliged to giA^e ground before it, and seek the shelter of the second gorge. Over half of the column suddenly enveloped it, while the other half pressed on across the plateau, hav ing for the moment nothing to resist them except -the three guns in their front. The portion that was immediately opposed to the Kentucky and Illinois troops, ran down along each side of the gorge, in which they had sought shelter, and also circled around its head, leaving no possible way of escape for them ex cept by its mouth, which opened upon the road. Its sides, which were steep, — at least an angle of forty-five degrees, — were covered with loose pebbles and stones, and converged to a point at the bottom. Down there Avere our poor fel lows, nearly three regiments of them (First and Second Illinois, and Second Kentucky), with but little opportunity to load or fire a gun, being hardly able to keep their feet. Above the whole edge of the gorge, all the way around, was darkened by the serried masses of the enemy, and was bristling with mus kets directed on the crowd beneath. It Avas no time to pause. Those who were not immediately shot down rushed on to ward the road, their number growing less and less as they went, Kentuckians and lUinoisans, officers and men, all mixed up in confusion, and all pressing on over the loose pebbles and rolling stones of those shelving, precipitous banks, and having lines and lines of the enemy fir ing down from each side and rear as they went. Just then the enemy's cavalry, which had gone to the left of the reserve, had come over the spur that divides the mouth of the second gorge from that of the third, and were now closing up the only door through which there was the least shadow of a chance for their lives. Many of those ahead endeavored to 38 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. force their way out, but few succeeded. The lancers were fully six to one, and their long weapons were already reek ing with blood. It was at this time that those who were still back in that dread ful gorge heard the roar of Washing ton's battery. No music could have been more grateful to their ears. A moment only, and the whole opening, where the lancers were busy, rang with the repeated explosions of spherical case shot. They gave way. The gate, as it were, was clear, and out upon the road a stream of our poor fellows is sued. They ran panting doAvn toward the battery, and directly under the flight of iron then passing over their heads, into the retreating cavalry. Hardin, Clay, McKee, Willis, Zabriskie, Hough ton, but why go on? It would be a sad task indeed to name over all who fell during this twenty minutes' slaughter. The whole gorge, from the plateau to its mouth, was strewn with our dead. All dead! No wounded there — not a man; for the infantry had rushed down the sides, and completed the work with the bayonet. After a hard fight, at night both ar mies laid down upon their arms, in much the same position as in the morn ing. However, early on the following morning, the glad tidings were heard amidst our army that the enemy had re treated, thus again crowning the Amer ican banners with victory. In addition to Colonel Bissell, other names that shine as stars in this war are Shields, Baker, Harris, Hardin, Coffee — all from Illinois. Such, indeed, were the intrepid valor and daring courage exhibited by Illinois volunteers during the Mexican war, that their deeds should live in the memory of their countrymen while time shall last. THE WAE FOE THE UNION. In the war for the Union, no state can show a more glorious record than that of Illinois. Sumpter was fired upon April 12, 1861, Two days afterward, President Lincoln issued his first call for volunteers — 75,000 in numbers. On the 15th, Governor Yates, issued his proclamation convening the legislature and ordering the enlistment of six regi ments, the quota assigned the state. The call was no sooner made than filled. Patriotism filled every heart. The farm, the workshop, the office, the pulpit, the bar, the bench, every vocation in life of fered its best men. On assembling, the legislature authorized the raising of ten additional regiments, anticipating another call. At the close of 1861, Illi nois had sent to the field nearly 50,000 men, and had 17,000 in camp awaiting marching orders, thus exceeding its full quota by 15,000. In July and August of 1862, the President called for 600,000 men — the quota of Illinois being 52,296 — and gave until August 18 as the limits in which the number might be raised by volun teering, after which a draft would be or dered. The state had already furnished 17,000 in excess of her quota, and it was first thought this number Avould be de ducted from the present requisition, but this could not be done.. But thirteen days Avere granted to enlist this vast army, which had to come from the far mers and mechanics. The farmers were in the midst of harvest, but, inspired by HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 39 love of ' country, over 50,000 of them left their harvest ungathered, their tools and their benches, the plows in their furrows, turning their backs on their homes, and before eleven days had ex- pired,^ the demands of the government were met, and both quotas filled. The war went on, and call followed call, until it began to look as if there would not be men enough in all the free states to crush out and destroy the mon strous war traitors had inaugurated. But to every call for either men or money, there was a Anlling and ready response. And it is a boast of the people that, had the supply of money fallen short, there were women brave enough, daring enough, patriotic enough, to have offered themselves as sacrifices on their country's altar. On the 21st of Deeember, 1864, the last call for troops was made. It was for 300,000 men. In consequence of an imperfect enrollment of the men sub ject to military duty, it became evident, ere this call was made, that Illinois was furnishing thousands of men more than what her quota. Avould have been, had it been correct. So glaring had this dis proportion become, that under this call the quota of some districts exceeded the number of able-bodied men in them. No troops ever fought more heroically, stubbornly, and with better effect, than did the boys from the "Prairie state." At Pea Eidge, Donelson, Pittsburg Land ing, luka, Corinth, Stone river. Holly Springs, Jackson, Vicksburg, Chicka mauga, Lookout mountain, Murfrees boro, Atlanta, Franklin, Nashville, Chat tanooga, and on every other field where the crash of arms was heard, her sons were foremost. The people were liberal, as well as pat riotic; and while the men were busy en listing, organizing and equipping com panies, the ladies were no less active, and the noble, generous work performed by their tender loving hands, deserves mention along with the bravery, devotion and patriotism of their brothers, upon the southern field of carnage. The continued need of money to ob tain the comforts and necessaries for the sick and wounded of our army, suggested to the loyal women of the north many and various devices for the raising of funds. Every city, town and village had its fair, festival, picnic, excursion, or con cert, which netted more or less to the cause of hospital relief, according to the population of the place, and the amount of energy and patriotism displayed on suoh occasions. Especially was this characteristic of our own fair state, and scarcely a hamlet within its borders Avhich did not send something from its stores to hospital or battlefield, and in the larger towns and cities were well or ganized soldier's aid societies, working systematically from the beginning of the war until its end. The great state fair held in Chicago in May, 1 865, netted $250, 000. Homes for traveling soldiers were established all over the state, in which were furnished lodging for 600,000 men, and meals valued at $2,500,000. Food, clothing, medicine, hospital delicacies, reading matter, and thousands of other articles, were sent to the boys at the front. The rebellion ended with the surrender of Lee and Johnson, in April, 1865, and as soon as possible the troops were dis banded. The following is a summary of 40 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. troops furnished by the state: Infantry, 185941; Cavalry, 32082; Artillery, 7277; making a grand aggregate of 225300 men of all arms. Thus it will br seen that Illinois did her full share toward putting down the Eebellion, as regards the number of men and amount of materials supplied. CHAPTER -V GOVEENMENT. Shadrach Bond was the first governor of Illinois. He was a native of Mary land, and was born in 1773; was reared on a farm, received a common school ed ucation, and came to Illinois in 1794. He served as a delegate in congress from 1811 to 1815, where he procured the right of pre-emption of public land. He was elected governor in 1818; was beaten for congress in 1824 by Daniel P. Cook. He died at Kaskaskia, April 11, 1830. Edward Coles, the second governor, was born December 15, 1786, in Virginia. His father was a slave-holder, gave his son a collegiate education, and left to him a large number of slaves. These he liberated, giving each head of a family 160 acres of land and a considerable sum of money. He was President Madison's private secretary. He came to Illinois in 1819, was elected governor in 1822, on the anti-slavery ticket; moved to Phila delphia in 1833, and died in 1868. Ninian Edwards, the successor of Mr. Coles, Avas not new to the duties of the office, having been appointed in 1809, when the territory of Illinois was formed, as its territorial governor, which position he held until its organization as a state, when he was sent to the United States senate. . He was elected governor in 1826. He was a native of Maryland, and born in 1775 ; received a collegiate edu cation; was chief justice of Kentucky. John Eeynolds, the fourth governor of the state, was born in Pennsylvania in 1788, and came with his parents to Illi nois in 1800. In 1830 he was elected governor on the democratic ticket, and afterwards served three years in con gress. He received a classical educa tion, yet was not polished. He Avas an ultra-democrat; attended the Charleston convention in 1860, and urged the seizure of United States arsenals by the South. He died in 1865, at Belleville, childless. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 41 In 1834 Joseph Duncan was elected governor by the Avhigs, although form erly a democrat. He had previously served four terms in congress. He was born in Kentucky, in 1794; had but a limited education; serA^ed with distinc tion in the war of 1812; conducted the campaign of 1832, against Black Hawk. He came to Illinois Avhen quite young. Thomas Carlin succeeded Duncan, having been elected on the democratic ticket in 1838. He had but a meagre education ; held many minor offices, and was active, both in the war of 1812 and the Black Hawk war. He was born in Kentucky, in 1789; came to Illinois in 1812, and died at Carrollton, February 14, 1852. Thomas Ford, the next governor, was elected as a democrat, in 1842. He was born in Pennsylvania, in the year 1800; was brought by his widowed mother to Missouri, in 1804, and shortly afterwards to Illinois. He received a good educa tion, and studied law; was elected judge four times — tAnce as circuit judge, judge of Chicago, and judge of the supreme court. He wrote his history of Illinois in 1847, and died in 1850. Augustus C. French was born in New Hampshire, in 1808; was admitted to the bar in 1831, and shortly afterwards moved to Illinois. He was elected gov ernor in 1846. On the adoption of the constitution of 1848, he was again chosen, serving until 1853. He was a democrat in politics. Joel A. Matteson, who succeeded French in the gubernatorial office, was boru in Jefferson county. New York, in 1808. His father was a farmer, and gave his son only a common school edu cation. He first entered upon actiA^e life as a small tradesman, but subse quently became a large contractor and manufacturer. He Avas a heavy con tractor in building the canal. He was elected governor in 1852 upon the dem ocratic ticket. William H. Bissell was elected by the republican party in 1856. He had pre viously served two terms in congress; he was a colonel in the Mexican war, and had held many minor offices pre vious to being chosen governor. He was born in New York state, in 1811 ; received a common school education; came to Illinois early in life and engaged in the medical profession. This he changed for the law, and became a noted orator, and the standard-bearer of the republican party in Illinois. He died in 1860, while governor. Eichard Yates, the "Avar governor" of Illinois, was born in WarsaAv, Kentucky, in 1818 ; came to Illinois, in 1831 ; served two terms in congress; in 1860 was elected governor, and in 1865, United States senator. He was a college grad uate, and read law under J. J. Hardin. He rapidly rose in his chosen profession and charmed the people with his ora tory. He filled the gubernatorial chair during the trying days of the rebellion, and by his energy and devotion won the undying affection of the loyal people. He died in St. Louis after the expira tion of his term as senator. Eichard J. Oglesby, who was elected governor in 1864, was born in Kentucky in 1824; at the age of eight years, he found himself an orphan, and four years later he came to Illinois. He was ap prenticed to learn the carpenter's trade, 42 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. worked some at farming, and read law occasionally. He enlisted in the Mex ican war, and was chosen first lieutenant. After his return, he again took up the law, but during the" gold fever of 1849, went to California; he soon returned, and, in 1852, he entered upon his illustrious political career. He raised the second regiment organized in the state to suppress the rebellion, and for gallantry was promoted to be major- general. His election as governor in 1864 was due, in a great degree, to his patriotic war record. He was again elected to the same position in 1872, but resigned to go to the United States senate. He was again elected in 1884. He is a staunch republican in politics. John M. Palmer succeeded General Oglesby. He was born in Kentucky in 1817, and came to Illinois in 1831. He was admitted to the bar in 1839. He was elected to the office of probate judge of Macoupin county in 1843; was a mem ber of the constitutional convention in 1847; county judge in 1849; elected to the state senate in 1851; member of the peace conference in 1861. He was colonel of the 14th Illinois infantry, and rose by successive promotions to major-general, commander of the 14th army corps, and afterwards of the de partment of Kentucky. Was governor from 1869 to 1872, both inclusive. Eichard J. Oglesby was again elected to the office of governor in 1872; in 1873 he was sent to the United States senate and Lieutenant-Governor John L. Bev eridge succeeded to the governorship, which he held until 1877. Shelby M. Cullom succeeded Gov ernor Beveridge. He was born in Ken tucky in 1828; studied law, was admit ted to the bar, and commenced the prac tice of his profession in 1848; was elected to the state legislature in 1856, and again in 1860. Served on the war com mission at Cairo, in 1862, and was a member of the 39th, 40th, and 41st con gresses, in all of which he served Avith credit to his state. He was again elected to the state legislature in 1872, and re-elected in 1874. He was elected gov ernor in 1876, and again in 1880. Dur ing the last term he was sent to the United States senate, and Lieutenant- Governor John M. Hamilton succeeded to the office of governor, which he held with credit and ability for the remainder of the term. John M. Hamilton was succeeded as governor by Eichard J. Oglesby, elected in 1884. A sketch of Gov. Oglesby is given in connection with the mention of his first election. LIEUTENANT-GOVEENOES. Pierre Menard was the first lieuten ant-governor of Illinois. He was born in Quebec, Canada, in 1767. He came to Illinois in 1790, where he engaged in the Indian trade, and became wealthy. He died in 1844. Menard county was named in his honor. Adolphus F. Hubbard was elected lieutenant-governor in 1822. Four years later, he ran for governor against Ed wards, but was beaten. William Kinney was elected in 1826. He was a Baptist clergyman; was born in .Kentucky in 1781, and came to Illi nois in 1793. Zadock Casey was elected lieutenant- governor in 1830, although on the oppo- HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 43 sition ticjiet to Governor Eeynolds, the successful gubernatorial candidate. He subsequently served- several terms in congress. Alexander M. Jenkins was elected on the ticket with Governor Duncan, in 1834, by a handsoine majority. S. H. Anderson, lieutenant-governor under Governor Carlin, was chosen in 1838. He was a native of Tennessee. John Moore was elected lieutenant- governor in 1842. He was born in Eng land in 1793, and came to Illinois in 1830. He won the name of "Honest John Moore." Joseph B. Wells was chosen AAdth Gov. French, at his first election, in 1846. In 1848, when French was again chosen governor, William McMurtry was elected lieutenant-governor. Gustavus P. Koerner was the next to hold the office, haAdng been elected in 1852. He was born in Germany in 1809. At the age of 22, he came to Illinois. In 1872 he was the candidate of the liberal party for governor; but was defeated. John Wood was elected in 1856, and on the death of Governor Bissell, became governor. Francis A. Hoffman Avas chosen with Governor Yates in 1860. He was born in Prussia in 1822, and came to Illinois in 1840. William Boss was the next, elected in 1864. He was born in New Jersey, and came to Illinois in 1848. John Dough erty was elected in 1868. John L. Beveridge was chosen lieuten ant-governor in 1872, and when Gov ernor Oglesby was sent to the senate in 1873, he became governor, and held the position the remainder of the term. Andrew Sherman was elected lieuten ant-governor in 1876. John M. Hamilton, elected in 1880, became governor when Shelby M. Cul lom was elected to the office of United States senator. Wm. J. Campbell was elected presi dent of the senate and ex-officio lieuten ant-governor when Hamilton succeeded to the gubernatorial chair. John C. Smith is the present incum bent. SUPEEINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTEUCTION. The following have served in this ca pacity: Ninian W. Edwards, 1854-56; W. H. Powell, 1857-58; NcAvton Bate man, 1859-75; Samuel M. Etter, 1876-80; James P. Slade, 1880-81; Henry Eaab succeeded Slade. His last term will ex pire in 1887. ATTOENEY-GENEEAL. The attorney-generals of Illinois have been as follows : Daniel P. Cook, 1819 ; William Mears, 1820; Samuel D. Lock- wood, 1821-22; James Turney, 1823-28; George Forquer, 1829-32; James Sem ple, 1833-34; Ninian W. Edwards, 1834- 35; Jesse B. Thoinas, Jr., 1835; Walter B. Seates, 1836; Asher F. Linder, 1837; George W. Olney, 1838; Wickliffe Kitchell, 1839; Josiah Lamborn, 1841- 42; James A. McDougall, 1843^6; David B. Campbell, 1846; [office abol ished and re-created in 1867] ; Eobert G. IngersoU, 1867-68; Washington Bush nell, 1869-72; James K. Edsall, 1872-80; James McCartney, 1880-84; George Hunt, present incumbent. TEEASUEEE. The state treasurers of Illinois have been as follows: John Thomas, 1818-19; 44 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. E. K. McLaughlin, 1819-22; Ebner Field, 1823-26; James Hall, 1827-30; .John Dement, 1831-36; Charles Greg ory, 1836; John D. Whiteside, 1837^0; M. Carpenter, 1841^8; John Moore, 1848-56; James Miller, 1857-60; Wil liam Butler, 1861-62; Alexander Starne, 1863-64; James H. Beveridge, 1865-66; George W. Smith, 1867-68; Erastus N. Bates, 1869-72; Edward Eutz, 1878-79; John C. Smith, 1879-81; Edward Eutz, 1881-83; Joh!ti C. Smith, 1883-84; Jacob Gross, 1885-89. SECEETAEIES OF STATE. Elias K. Kane, 1818-22; Samuel D. Lockwood, 1822-23; David Blackwell, 1823-24; Morris Birkbeck, 1824; George Farquer, 1825-28; Alexander P. Field, 1829^0; Stephen A. Douglas, 1840; Ly man Trumbull, 1841-42; Thompson Campbell, 1843-46; Horace S. Cooley, 1846^9; David L. Gregg, 1850-52; Alex ander Starne, 1853-56; Azias M. Hatch, 1857-60; Sharon Tyndale, 1865-68; Ed ward Eummel, 1869-72; George H. Har low, 1873-79; Henry D. Dement, 1881. He is the present incumbent. AUDITOES. Elijah C. Berry, 1818-31; I. T. B. Stapp, 1831-35; Levi Davis, 1835-40; James Shields, 1841-42; W. L. D. EAv ing, 1843-45; Thompson Campbell, 1846; Jesse K. Dubois, 1857-64; Orlin H. Miner, 1865-68; Charles E. Lippincott, 1869-76; Thomas B. Needles, 1877-79; Charles P. Swigert, elected in 1880, and again in 1884, is the present incumbent. UNITED STATES SENATORS. Ninian Edwards— On the organization of the state, in 1848, Ninian Edwards, the popular territorial governor, was chosen senator for the short term, and in 1819 re-elected for full term. Jesse B. Thomas — One of the federal judges during the entire territorial exis tence, was chosen senator on organiza tion of the state, and re-elected in 1823, and served till 1829. John McLean — In 1824 Edwards re signed, and John McLean was elected to fill his unexpired term. He Avas born in North Carolina in 1791, and came to Illinois in 1815; served one term in con gress, and in 1829 was elected to the United States senate, Viut the following year died. He is said to have been the most gifted man of his period in Illi nois. Elias Kent Kane — Was elected No vember 30, 1824, for the term beginning March 4, 1825. In 1830 he was re-elec ted, but died before the expiration of his term. He was a native of New York, and in 1814 came to Illinois. He was first secretary of state, and afterwards state senator. David Jewett Parker — Was appointed to fill the unexpired term of Judge McLean in 1830, November 12, but the legislature refused to endorse the choice. Baker was a native of Connecticut, born in 1792; and died in Alton in 1869. John M. Eobinson — Instead of Baker, the governor's appointee, the legislature chose Eobinson, and in 1834 he was re elected. In 18-1:3 he A\'as elected supreme judge of the state; but died within tAvo months of his election. He was a native of Kentucky, and came to Illinois Avhen quite young. William L. D. Ewing — Was elected in 1835, to fill the vacancy occasioned by HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 45 the death of Senator Kane. He was a Kentuckian. Eichard M. Young — Was elected in 1836, and held his seat from March 4, 1837 to March 4, 1843, a full term. He was a native of Kentucky; was a circuit judge before his election to the senate, and su preme judge in 1842. He died in an in sane asylum at Washington. Samuel McEoberts — The first native lUinoisan ever elevated to the high office of United States senator from this state, was born in 1799, and died in 1843 on his return home from Washington. He was elected circuit judge in 1824, and March 4, 1841, took his seat in the United Statfes senate. Sidney Breese —Was elected to the United States senate, December 17, 1842, and served a full term. He was born in Oneida county, New York. He was a major in the Black Hawk war; was cir cuit judge, and in 1841 was elected su preme judge. He served a full term in the United -States senate, beginning March 4, 1843, after which he was elected to the legislature, again circuit judge, and, in 1857, to the supreme court, which position he held until his death, in 1878. James Semple — Was the successor of Samuel McEoberts, and was appointed by Governor Ford in 1843. He was afterwards elected judge of the supreme court. Stephen A. Douglas — Was elected De cember 14, 1846. He had previously served three terms as congressman. He became his own successor in 1853, and again in 1859. From his first entrance in the senate, he was acknowledged the peer of Clay, Webster and Calhoun, with whom he serA'cd his first term. His famous contest with Abraham Lincoln for the senate in 1858, is the most mem orable in the annals of our country. It was called the "battle of the giants," and resulted in Douglas' election to the senate, and that of Lincoln to the presi dency. He was born in Brandon, Ver mont, April 23, 1813, and came to Illi nois, in 1833. He died in 1861. He was appointed secretary of state by Governor Carlin, in 1840, and shortly afterward to the supreme bench. James Shields — Was elected and as sumed his seat in the United States senate in 1849, March 4. He Avas born in Ireland, in 1810, and came to the United States in 1827. He served in the Mexican war, was elected senator from Wisconsin, and in 1879 from Missouri for a short term. Lyman Trumbull — Took his seat in the United States senate March 4, 1S55, and became his own successor in 1861. He had prcAQously served one term in the lower house of congress, and served on the supreme bench. He Avas born in Connecticut; studied law, and came to Illinois early in life, where for years he was actively engaged in politics. He re sides in Chicago. Orville H. Browning — Was appointed United States senator in 1861, to fill the seat made vacant by the death of Stephen A. Douglas, until a senator could be regularly elected. Mr. Brown ing was born in Harrison county, Ken tucky; was admitted to the bar in 1831, and settled in Quincy, Illinois, where he engaged in the practice of law, and was instrumental, with his friend, Abraham Lincoln, in forming the republican party 46 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. of Illinois at the Bloomington conven tion. He entered Johnson's cabinet as secretary of the interior, and in March, 1868, was designated by the president to perform the duties of attorney general, in addition to his own as secretary of the interior department. William A. Eichardson — Was elected to the United States senate in 1863, to fill the unexpired term of his friend, Ste phen A. Douglas. He was born in Fay ette county, Kentucky, about 1810, stud ied law, and settled in Illinois; served as captain in the Mexican war, and was promoted for bravery on the battle-field of Buena Vista, by a unanimous vote of his regiment. He served in the lower house of congress from 1847 to 1857, continuously. Eichard Yates — Was elected in 1865, and served a full term of six years. A sketch of him is given in connection with the office of goA^ernor. John A. Logan — Was elected to the United States senate in 1871. He was born in Jackson county, Illinois, Febru ary 9, 1826, received a common school education; enlisted as a private in the Mexican war, where he rose to the rank of regimental quartermaster. On return ing home he studied law, and came to the bar in 1852; was elected in 1858 a repre sentative to the 36th congress, and re elected to the 37th congress, resigning in 1861 to take part in the suppression of the rebellion, served as colonel, and subsequently as a major-general, and commanded with distinction, the armies of the Tennessee. He was again elected to the senate in 1879, and served the full term. He was the candidate of the re publican party in 1884 for vice-president of the United States, with Blaine, but was defeated. David Davis — Was elected to the United States senate in 1877, for a term of six years. He was born in Cecil county, Maryland, March 9, 1815; grad uated at Kenyon college, Ohio, studied law, and removed to Illinois in 1835; was admitted to the bar, and settled in Bloomington, where he has since resid ed, and amassed a large fortune. He was for many years the intimate friend and associate of Abraham Lincoln, rode the circuit with him each year, and after Lincoln's election to the presidency, was appointed by him to fill the position of judge of the supreme cotirt of the United States, which position he re signed to accept the senatorship. When Arthur ascended to the presidency, at the death of Garfield, Davis was elected president of the senate and acting vice- president of the United States. EEPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS. Fifteenth congress, 1818 — John Mc Lean. Sixteenth, 1819-20— Daniel P. Cook. Seventeenth, 1821-22— Daniel P.Cook. Eighteenth, 1823-24— Daniel P. Cook. Nineteenth, 1825-26— Daniel P. Cook. Twentieth, 1827-28— Joseph Duncan. Twenty-fij-st, 1829-30— Joseph Dun can. Twenty-second,1831-32 — Joseph Dun can. Twenty-third, 1833-34— Joseph Dun can, Zadock Casey. Twenty-fourth, 1835-36— Zadock Ca sey, John Eeynolds, William L. May. Twenty-fifth, 1837-38— Zadock Casey, John Eeynolds, William L. May. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 47 Twenty-sixth, 1839-40 — Zadock Casey, John Eeynolds, John T. Stuart. Twenty-seventh, 1841^2— Zadock Ca sey, John Eeynolds, John T. Stuart. Twenty-eight, 1843^4— Eobert Smith, Orlando B. Ficklin, Stephen A. Douglas, John A. McClernand, Joseph P. Hoge, John J. Hardin, John Wentworth. Twenty-ninth,1845^6— Eobert Smith, Stephen A. Douglas, Orlando B. Fick- liu, John J. Hardin (1845), Joseph P. Hoge, John A. McClernand, John Went worth. Thirtieth, 1847-8— John Wentworth, Thomas J. Turner (1847), Abraham Lincoln, John A. McClernand, Orlando B. Ficklin, Eobert Smith, William A. Eichardson. Thirty-first, 1849-50— John A. Mc Clernand, John Wentworth, Timothy E. Young, William A. Eichardson, Edward D. Baker, William H. Bissell, Thomas L. Harris. Thirty-second, 1851-52— William A. Eichardson, Thompson Campbell, Or lando B. Ficklin, John Wentworth, Eichard Yates, Eichard S. Maloney, Willis Allen, William H. Bissell. Thirty-third, 1853-54— William H. Bissell, John C.Allen, Willis Allen, Elihu B. Washburne, Eichard Yates, Thomp son Campbell, James Knox, Jesse O. Norton, William A. Eichardson. Thirty-fourth, 1855-56 —Elihu B. Washburne, Lyman Trumbull, James H. Woodworth, James Knox, Thompson Campbell, Samuel S. Marshall, J. L. D. Morrison, C. Allen, Jesse O. Norton, William A. Eichardson. Thirty-fifth, 1857-58— Elihu B. Wash burne, Charles D. Hodges, William Kellogg, Thompson Campbell, John F. Farnsworth, Owen Lovejoy, Samuel S. Marshall, Isaac N. Morris, Aaron Shaw, Eobert Smith, Thomas L. Harris. Thirty-sixth, 1859-60— Elihu B. Wash burne, John A. Logan, Owen Lovejoy, John A. McClernand, Isaac N. Morris, John F. Farnsworth, Philip B. Fouke, Thomas L. Harris, AVilliam Kellogg, James C. Eobertson. Thirty-seventh, 1861-62— Elihu B. Washburne, James C. Eobertson, John A. Logan, Owen Lovejoy, John A. Mc Clernand, Isaac N. Arnold, Philip B. Fouke, William Kellogg, Anthony L. Knapp, William A. Eichardson. Thirty-eighth, 1863-64^Elihu B, Washburne, Jesse O. Norton, James C. Eobinson, William J. Allen, Isaac N. Arnold, John E. Eden, Lewis W. Eoss, John T. Stuart, Owen Lovejoy, William E. Morrison, John C. Allen, John F. Farnsworth, Charles W. Morris, Eben IngersoU, A. L. Knapp. Thirty-ninth, 1865-66— E- B. Wash burne, Anthony B. Thornton, Jno. Went worth, Abner C. Hardin, Eben C. Inger soU, Barton C. Cook, Shelby M. CuUom, John F. Farnsworth, John Baker, Henry P. H. Bromwell, Andrew Z. Kuykendall, Samuel S. Marshall, Samuel W. Moul ton, Lewis W. Eoss. Fortieth, 1867^68— Elihu B. Wash burne, Abner C. Hardin, Eben C. Inger soU, Norman B. Judd, Albert G. Burr, Barton C. Cook, Shelby M. Cullom, John F. Farnsworth, John Baker, Henry P. H. Bromwell, John A. Logan, Samuel S. Marshall, Green B. Eaum, Lewis W. Eoss. Forty-first, 1869-70 — N. B. Judd, John F. Farnsworth, H. C. Burchard, John B. Hawley, Eben C. IngersoU, 48 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. Barton C. Cook, Jesse H.Moore, Shelby M. Cullom, Thomas W. McNeeley, Al bert G. Burr, Samuel S. Marshall, John B. Hay, John M. Crebs, John A. Logan. Forty-second, 1871-72— Charles B. FarAvell, John Farnsworth, Horatio C. Burchard, John B. Hawley, Bradford N. Stevens, Henry Snapp, Jesse H. Moore, James C. Eobinson, Thos. W. McNally, Edward Y. Eice, Samuel S. Marshall, John B. Hay, John M. Crebs, John S. Beveridge. Forty-third, 1873-74— John B. Eice, Jasper D. Ward, Charles B. Farwell, Stephen A. Hurlburt, Horatio C. Bur chard, John B. Hawley, Franklin Cor Avin, Eobert M. Knapp, James C. Eob inson, John B. McNulta, Joseph G. Cannon, John E. Eden, James S. Mar tin, William E. Morrison, Greenbury L. Fort, GranA'ille Barriere, William H. Eay, Isaac Clements, Samuel S. Mar shall. Forty-fourth, 1875-76 — Bernard G. Caulfield, Carter H. Harrison, Charles B. Farwell, Stephen A. Hurlburt, Hora tio C. Burchard, Thomas J. Henderson, Alexander Campbell, Greenbury L. Fort, Eichard H. Whiting, John C. Bagby, Scott Wike, William M. Springer, Adlai E. Stevenson, Joseph G. Cannon, John E. Eden, W. A. J. Sparks, Wil liam E. Morrison, William Hartzell, William B. Anderson. Forty-fifth, 1877-78— WiUiam Aldrich, Carter H. Harrison, Lorenzo Brentano, William Lathrop, Horatio C. Burchard, Thomas J. Henderson, Philip C. Hayes^ Greenbury L. Fort, Thomas A. Boyd, Benjamin F. Marsh, Eobert M. Knapp, William M. Springer, Thomas F. Tip ton, Joseph G. Cannon, John E. Eden, W. A. J. Sparks, William E. Morrison, William Hartzell, Eichard W. Town shend. Forty-sixth, 1879-80— WUliam Aid- rich, George E. Davis, Hiram Barber, John C. Sherwin, E. M. A. Hawk, Thomas J. Henderson, Philip C. Hayes, Greenbury L. Fort, Thomas A. Boyd, Benjamin F. Marsh, James W. Single ton, William M. Springer, A. E. Steven son, Joseph G. Cannon, Albert P. For sythe, W. A. J. Sparks, William E. Morrison, John E. Thomas, E. W. ToAvn- shend. Forty-seventh,1881-82— WiUiam Aid- rich, George E. Davis, Charles B. Far- well, John C. SherAvin, Eobert M. A. Hawk, Thomas J. Henderson, William Cullen, Lewis E. Payson, John H. Lewis, Benjamin F. Marsh, James AV. Singleton, William M. Springer, Diet rich C. Smith, Joseph G. Cannon, Samuel W. Moulton, AV. A. J. Sparks, William E. Morrison, John E. Thomas, E. AA". Townshend. Forty-eighth — Eansom AA^. Dunham, John F. Finerty, George E. Davis, George E. Adams, Eeuben Elhvood, Eobert E. Hilt, Thomas J. Henderson, William Cullen, Lewis E. Payson, Nicholas E. Worthington, AVilliam H. Neece, James M. Eiggs, AA^illiam Jt. Springer, Jonathan H. EoAvell, Joseph G. Cannon, Aaron Shaw, Samuel AV. Moulton, William E. Morrison, E. AY. Townshend, John E. Thomas. Forty-ninth — Eansom AA". Dunham, Francis Lawler, James H. AA'ard, George E. Adams, Eeuben EllAvood, Eobert E. Hilt, Thomas J. Henderson, Ealph Plumb, Lewis E. Payson, Nicholas E. Worthington, William H. Neece, James HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 49 M. Eiggs, AVilliam M. Springer, Jona than H. Eowell, Joseph G. Cannon, Silas Z. Landes, John E. Eden, William E. Morrison, Eichard W. Townshend, John E. Thomas. Only three-fourths of a century ago, the territory of Illinois was organized, with a population estimated at 9,000; to-day, it numbers more than three and one-half millions — a greater number than in all the colonies during the revo lution. When organized, steamboats had never traversed its waters; railroads, telegraphs and telephones were un known; to-day, every navigable stream is alive with vessels, carrying her pro ducts to other lands; while railroads traverse every county and almost every toAvnship in the state; while the num ber of miles of telegraph wire would probably encircle the globe, and the tele phone is placed in many thousands of homes, enabling their inmates to con verse intelligibly with parties at ai dis tance of many miles. Then the light that shone out of darkness was only the tallow dip, or that furnished from blaz ing logs in the old-fashioned fire-places; to-day, after having displaced the tallow dip, the candle and'the common house- lamp, the darkness of night is pene trated by the glare of gas, and the bright rays of the electric light, rivaling the light of day. Then agriculture was in its infancy, it being possible with the machinery then used, only to raise suf ficient crops to supply the wants of those lying within its boundary; to-day, with the improved plows, the self -bind ing reaper, the steam thresher, and other improved machinery, Illinois can feed a nation of 50,000,000 of people. Then the newspaper was a rare visitor in the household; to-day, the humblest citizen can scarcely exist without his daily and weekly paper. Then knowl edge was possessed by few; to-day, by means of free schools, well endowed colleges and other influences, there is no excuse for living ignorant. But time would fail to compare the advantages of to-day over the first decade of the pres ent century, and the student of history, as he reads of the progress made, can only wonder what the future will reveal. HISTOEY OF Mcdonough county. 51 :e2:istoi5-2" OF McDonough County, ILLINOIS. CHAPTER I. INTEODUCTOEY. To nearly every thinking mind, the study of history is one of peculiar pleas ure and enjoyment. The sage and scholar poring over a dusty tome, draws from the details of a vanished past the lessons of to-day. The fiery mind of youth receives from its pure well the in spiration for bright and noble deeds that oft bear the fruit of name and fame. The politician, too, can therein see the rocks an4 shoals that have wrecked so many a noble craft, and can steer his bark into safety's haven by its glow. All history, if properly Avritten, is in teresting; and there is not a country, or a city, or a hamlet — nay, it might be said, not a family or an individual on the globe-^whose history might not be more or less valuable to posterity. From those days called ancient, away back in the dim and misty past, when the human race first arrived at a state of intelligence sufficient to enable them to transmit a traditionary account of them selves, all along down " the dim corri dors of recorded time " our ancestors have left in various ways, and by differ ent means, information, more or less mythical and fabulous, of the age and generation in which they played their ephemeral part on the world's ever changing theater of action. It is graven in bronze on the wonderful works of the central nations of Africa, around those " dim fountains of the Nile;" the grey old pyramids in the valley of that clas sic river are covered with the demotic and hieroglyphical language of the past. HISTOEY OF Mcdonough county. The vast and mighty " palaces and piles stupendous," heavy with the dust of un known centuries, that bewilder the trav eler amid Egypt's drifting sands, upon the plains of the Tigris and Euphrates, and hidden away in the jungles of the Indies; the gigantic ruins of Central and Southern America, under the snow capped Cordilleras, and among the pro lific forests of Yucatan; the seamed and wrinkled pyramids of the Aztecs, in Mexico and California, and the ten thousand crumbling evidences of a pow erful and advanced civilization scattered throughout the great valley of the Mis sissippi, all bear testimony to the count less attempts to transmit knowledge to posterity. The written history of the American ' Continent dates back scarcely four cen turies, yet within that comparatively short period its pages have garnered from her hills and mountains, from her grand rivers and mighty inland seas, val uable additions to the world's stock of knowledge. Like the Eastern Continent, our own has its historic points, its nuclei around whioh cluster the memories of heroic deeds, the story of martyrs, and the le gends of . a barbarous past. St. Augus tine, Jamestown, Plymouth Eock, Que bec, Montreal, Boston, New York, Phila delphia and Detroit, are localities about which gather volumes of history. A recital of these chain the attention and inflame the imagination of the care ful student, as he slowly peruses its pages, and lives over again the deeds of those that have left such "footprints in the sands of time" as excite the emula tion of all good people. If this is true of general history, the annals of the long ago, in distant climes, among a strange people, how much more interesting it must be to peruse the pages of local history — the chronicle of the birth and development of our homes, the history of ihe people with whom we have "an acquaintance, the record of the development of the towns, the buildings, the institutions that surround us and that we have known for years — when on each page we can scan the rise .and groAvth of some familiar landmark in our own lives, or watch with pride the career of some one loved and dear. It is the aim of this work to collect and preserve in enduring and popular form some of the facts of the early settlement and subsequent growth of a great county of a grand state. The families whose ancestors were early on the ground, and whose members have made the county what it is are worthy of remembrance, and it is the intention to rescue them from the dust of oblivion. The hands upon the dial of time had scarcely pointed to the last hour of the third decade of the present century when first the foot of civilized man pressed the virgin soil of McDonough county. Before that era this bright land was a vast, unbroken wilderness, whose only inhabitants were the birds and beasts, and their scarcely less wild congener, the nomad Indian of the plains, who here found a hunting ground, oftimes a place of batoe and a red grave. To the untutored savage, who lived but in the present, the thought that the "palefaces" would penetrate this beautiful country occurred not to disturb his dreams, and he continued on HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 53 with his daily life of hunting and fish ing, and only .varied the monotony of his lazy existence by a short, but bloody, passage-at-arms with some rival tribe_ But the time must come when he must surrender this lovely heritage of his fathers and move onward to the sunset land, " to give place to the hated white man. The time was soon to come when all nature must be changed; when the fair prairies with their gorgeous flowers and emerald sod must be broken up by the husbandman, and grain fit for the uses of civilized man sown therein. Sixty years ago the soil was as yet un- vexed by the plow, and the woodman's ax had never been heard; the rude cabin of the settler with its smoke curling heavenward, with an air inviting the weary traveler to come and rest, was totally wanting in the broad landscape, and there was not even the slightest - trace of the coming civilization — noth ing but emerald seas " and luxuriant grasses. "Thesej t)ie gardens of the desert — these The unshorn fields, boundJess aud beautiful. As the young earth ere man had sinned. Lo! they stretch In airy undulations far away. As though the ocean, in the gentlest swell, Stood still, with all its rounded billows fixed, And motionless forever." But these beautiful prairies that but a few short years ago lay basking 'neath a summer sun, without a trace of human habitation upon their broad bosoms, are now covered with fertile farms, thriving villages, commodious mansions and busy towns. The wilderness has been changed into the abode of man and the home of civilization. And the annals of the men and the times that wrought this wonder ful transformation, it is the duty as Avell as the pleasure of the historian to collect and jot down upon these pages, so that when these heroes of the frontier shall have passed onward to their " great re ward " they shall have left these lines behind them as monuments to mark their memories — monuments more en during than stone .or brass, even were their epitaphs written in letters of gold. Even while they live, the recital of those early days when first they "stuck their stakes" in this their land of prom ise, the changes from the then to now will come uppermost in their minds, and the contrast will afford some food for thought. In those by-gone days the road hither was long and tedious, no roads, no bridges ; the only mode of cross ing the numerous streams that mean dered across the path of the pilgrim was by fording or swimming. The only mode of transportation was the covered wagon, within whose protecting hood was packed the courageous Avif e and mother with her little ones, together with the few articles of furniture thought necessary to begin life in the "far west." Letters from the dear ones, left in the home-nest, were like the proverbial angel's visits, "Few and far between." Entering upon pos session of their iieAV-found home, after the labor, keen and arduous, of the father ahd husband had been rewarded by the completion of the ¦ humble cot, built of the primeval logs, the family settled down to the hardships and scant fare of pioneer life. No labor-saving machinery was there in those days to lighten the work in husbandry or domes tic economy, only heavy manual labor, with the crudest of tools. No conven- 54 HISTOEY OF Mcdonough county. lent mill or store at which to purchase the necessities of life, wh^n "reluctant nature withheld her smile" and crops failed to meet the emergency. These were but a tithe of the trials and incon veniences of a new settlement, but how changed to-day. In place of the weary- journey through mud, or dust, or drifted snow, thirty or forty miles to mill or dis tant village for provision, the only means of transport, the slow-paced oxen, or scarcely faster plodding farm-horse, now the iron steed of commerce, with rush and roar,dashes up almost to the door step of the farmer, and towns and villages with stores and mills dot these verdant hills and plains. Conveniences are brought to their very homes, and the mails, that were many weeks on their way in the past, now are hardly cold from the hands of the loved ones in the "old home" ere they are in the hands of the receiver. Ye newer-comers, compare, in your minds, the rude appliances of early days, both in the farm implements and the domestic helps to the labors of both man and wife ; contrast the horse-power thresher with the flail; the scythe and cradle Avith the self -binding harvester; the sewing machine with its humble sister, the needle, and thousands of other innovations and improvements with the makeshifts and ruder implements of former times. The heroes and heroines of the early days, for women met the same fate with as bold a front as the sterner sex, have earned their place in history, and it is but meet that they should occupy it. A history of the people is, par excel lence, the history of the state, the nation or the county, and in these pages the people shall fill the prominent place. The annals of the lives of these, the "Pilgrim Fathers" of McDonough caunty have within them all the elements of tragedy or comedy, and the story of their . conflict Avith nature and the vicissitudes of pioneer life shall be the principal theme of this history. Thousands of facts are herein record ed, and individual sketches of hundreds of citizens, living and dead, are here placed in enduring form. These men and women are, or have been, actors in the drama of the settlement and develop ment of McDonough county. By insert ing these sketches, in addition to other matter, is preserved, not only the recital of historic fact, but a subcurrent of in dividual deeds that run through it, like some minor chord in the grand melody, giATing a realism to the narrative which could be imparted in no other way. The first place in a "history of this class necessarily begins with the first settlers, the hardy pioneers AA'ho first broke the way for civilization into these pristine wastes. The pioneers! how that word strikes a responsive chord in every bosom — how at its sound we con jure up the bold, hardy and adventurous father of a family packing up a few in- dispensables and turning his back upon the parent roof -tree, all its conA^eniences and luxuries, and plunging into a savage and untried wilderness, far in advance of the hosts of civilization, there to carve him out a new home. Eugged men, with nerves and muscles of steel, and hearts bold as the Vikings of old, they merit our fullest admiration of their heroism, for heroic it was, this defying of nature in her wildest moods. Let, HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 55 then, the tablets of history bear their names, that when, in a few short years, they have been called to the land of the hereafter, their deeds and actions perish- not with them, and that coming genera tions may have ever before them the bright examples of these noble men. Eough were they in many cases, and uncouth, yet in them lies the true nobil ity that lifts a man from an ignomini ous position and places him upon a high pedestal. Burns, the Scottish poet, truly says: ¦'The rank is but the guinea's stamp, The gold the gold for all that." And although in many cases these bold pioneers were men of limited edu cation and little social training, men who would be out of place in the gilded salons of society, or the silken boudoir of beauty, still they were possessors of a noble manhood that is the monopoly of no race or caste. Then honor to these noble men, and women, too, that first made a 'settlement on the wild prairies and in the timber of McDonough county; and here planted the seeds that have grown into such a flourishing commun ity; that have had a prominent hand in making it what it is. When these argonauts first came here they were completely isolated from their kind. No railroads, and, in fact, no roads of- any kind, connected them with the far-away land of their kin. No house in which to dwell until they could rear their humble log cabin, no neigh bors to render aid in sickness or trouble, no one to close their eyes in death — alone. Life with them "was not all a rosy dream, but a hard and bitter strug gle with want, penury and privation, and the Avonder is that they*should still be spared to us, after almost a life-time of toil and conflict; but still many of them linger this side of the grave. Let us then hasten, and inclining the ear, listen to their tales of bygone days, the story of their lives, the description of their acts during the heroic age, that history may inscribe them upon her tablets, a monument, when they are gone, more enduring than stone or bronze. The men of to-day, hardy sons of heroic sires, prominent in official or in commercial circles, also deserves a place in history, for "each day we live, we are making history," and the details of the rise and growth of the business in terests of the county are not Avithout their value in observations on the grad ual rise of this section from barbarism and a wilderness to the teeming farm lands, interspersed with cities, towns and villages, as we now find it. These. old settlers must be gathered unto their fathers; the men so full of business and activity to-day must go down into the grave; the youth and bud ding maiden, rise to manhood and womanhood, linger and decay, and even children that now linger 'round their parents' knee, give place to other people and other things. Then the value of history will be better understood, when all these actors upon the stage of life have lain down, "With patriarchs of the infant world, — Avith kings, Fair forms, and hoaiy seers of ages past, All in one mighty sepulchre." Then posterity will hail with gladness these annals of the times and deeds of their forefathers, that they may pattern after their noble sires. 56 HISTOEY OF Mcdonough county. CHAPTER II GEOGEAPHY, TOPOGEAPHY AND EESOUECES. McDonough county is one of , the western subdivisions of the state of Illinois, being contigous to Henderson and Warren counties, which bound it on the north, by Fulton on the east, Schuy ler on the south, aud Hancock on the west. It comprises sixteen congres sional townships, from 4 to 7 north, inclusive, of range 1 to 4 west of the fourth principal meridian, inclusive, and contains 576 square miles, or 368,640 acres. This forms a perfect square of twenty-four miles each way, divided into eighteen civil townships, whose size varies from thirty-six square miles downward. Of all this vast expanse of territory above, 300,000 acres ai'e adapted to a high state of cultivation, and the balance, being covered by wood land, marsh, slough or watercourse, is not .without a surface value, while underlying every foot of it, the "dusky diamonds" of the coal measures may be found. The surface of McDonough county is diversified with belts of timber and pellucid streams. These streams take a southwesterly course without any excep tion, the general trend of the land being in that direction. The principal streams are Crooked, Camp, Grindstone, Trou blesome and Spring preeks. The head waters of Crooked creek can hardly be determined. In Prairie City township rises a small stream which has been known for fifty years as Drowning Fork of Crooked creek. This stream passes down near the town of Bardolph, where it is joined by another fork, and the two combined form a considerable stream, which has been given the name of Crooked creek, from its being in fact what its name implies. In all the old maps published this stream is known as the Lamoine river — a French word meaning "the monk." It is generally surmised, though not certainly known, that in the very early settlement of this country, when the French Catholics oc cupied it for the purpose of converting the Indians to the Catholic religion, the priests gave it this name. In the origi nal field notes of the United States sur vey for McDonough county it is marked Lamine river. In its tortuous course through the county, it passes through the townships of Prairie City, Bushnell, Macomb, Emmet, Chalmers, Colchester, Tennessee and Lamoine. In the early days a great many mills were erected upon this stream, but all have been torn down or left to the decay of time. Camp creek has its head waters in New Salem township, emerging from HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 57 which it courses through Scotland, In dustry and Bethel toAvnships, uniting Avith Grindstone creek within the boun daries of the latter. Grindstone creek was originally named Turkey creek, from the fact that at cer tain seasons, large flocks of vnld turkeys were found there. A party of men from Schuyler county, finding upon its banks a good quality of stone for grindstones gave it its present name. Its head-Avaters are in Eldorado township. It passes through Industry, and joins Camp creek in Bethel township. Troublesome creek is a small stream having its rise in Scotland township, from whence it passes through Chalmers, touching Tennessee, and then into La moine township, where it joins Crooked creek. A government surveyor, after making vain efforts to effect a crossing, remarked that "it was the most trouble some stream he ever saw." Its banks are almost perpendicular its entire length, although the stream is but a few feet wide, and without bridges, it is a very "troublesome creek." Spring creek is another small stream rising in Sciota toAvnship, passing through Emmet, joining Crooked creek on the line dividing the two townships. As its name implies, its origin or source is from springs bursting forth from the earth. A minute account of the soil, surface features, and lesser water courses, wUl be found in connection Avith the histo ries of the various townships, further on. Among the principal productions of the agriculture parts of McDonough county, are corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, potatoes, buckwheat, and hay. Corn of course . take precedeiice, here as else where, as being the most profitable and best adapted to the soil. WEALTH. The foUoAving tables Avill give some idea of the growth and development of the county, in a material respect. A table of the values of all classes of property for every year, were they obtainable, would be of great value, but in their absence, these reports Avill trace the increase of the people in wealth and property. The only reports we have of early years show that in 1830, the personal property of the inhabitants of the county was valued at $26,742. In 1835, the personal prop erty had increased in value to $109,714. 1850. Value of lands exclusive of town lots... $982,350 " " town lots 71,761 " " personal property 346.609 Total valuation of the county $1,400,780 1856 Ko. Valued at. Horses 5,762 $417,604 Neat cattle 15,969 26.5,407 Mules aud asses 348 31,352 Sheep 11,282 16,613 Hogs 29,4.53 74,826 Carriages and wagons. ... 2,261 93,179 Clocks aud watches 2,252 16,186 Pianos 11 2,250 Goods and merchandise 121,479 Bankers property 80 Manufactured articles 3,411 Moneys and credits 279,504 Bonds, stocks, etc 100 Unenumerated property 773,981 Aggregate $2,095,972 Lands $2,828,390 Town lots 288,962 2,617,352 Real and personal property $4,713,324 Tax levied $65,982.58 58 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 1858. Value of real estate exclusive of toArn lota $3,769,415 Value of town lots 615,654 Value «f personal property 1,339,795 Value of railroad property 482,936 Total valuation of the county f6,207,800 1861. No. Value. Horses 8,196 $265,842 Neat cattle 17,683 120,618 Mules and asses 690 27,349 Sheep 9,358 9,410 Hogs 47,483 102,807 Carriages and wagons 8,069 68,143 Clocks and watches 2,938 8,801 Pianos 21 1,854 Goods and merchandise 66,667 Bankers' brokers' and stock jobbers' property 30 Manufactured articles 6,306 Moneys and credits 134,426 Bonds, stocks, etc 470 Unenumerated property 118,015 Aggregate $980,738 Deductions 45,910 Total value of personal property ..."$884,828 Railroad property $400,543 Lands, exclusive of town lots 2,307,565 Town Lots 447,265 Total value of real property... $3,155,373 Total valuation of real and personal property , $4,040,201 Total tax levied 87,865.75 Acres in cultivation : wheat, 85,589 ; corn, 78,945 ; other products, 15,585. 1865. Value of land exclusive of town lots $2,514,8.54 Value of town lots 523,888 " " railroad property 183,137 " " personal prop'ty, stock, etc 1,419,560 Total valuation of the county..$4,641,489 1868. Value of lands exclusive of town lots $3,260,872 Valueof town lots 738,463 " " railroad property 306,793 " " personal property 1,575,402 Total valuation of the county $5,881,530 1871. Value of lands exclusive of town lots $2,812,610 Valueof town lots 488,689 " " railroad property 350,308 " " personal property 742,678 Total value of property $4,342,276 1873. Value of lands $10,7.<«1,833 " " town lots 1,781,116 " " railroad 1,890,838 '• " personal property 4,413,028 Total valuation of the county.$18,516,815 1875. Valueof farm lands, etc $8,817,400 " " town lots 1,620,250 " " railroad property 738,862 " " personal property 1,93-5,082 Total valuation of the eounty..$14,947,390 1876. Valueof farm lands, ete $8,532,325 " " town lots.... 1,493,394 " " personal property 3,678,798 " " railroad property 738,862 Total valuation of the eounty..$14,443,379 1882. Lands, except town lots $5,609,000 Town property ; 1,025,087 Railroad property 1, 198 Personal property 2,634,434 Total assessed valuation $9,269,459 1884. Lands, outside of town lots $5,198,116 Town and city lots 1,079,505 I^ersonal property 2,312,756 Railroad property 582,242 Total $9,167,619 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 59 As will be observed, there is a vast increase in 1873, but this is readily ac counted for by understanding that prior to that year the assessments were made on the basis of from one-third " to one- fifth cash value, but that year was inaug urated the present plan of making the assessment on an estimated cash value. CHAPTER III . GEOLOGY. No apology is necessary for the quo tation of the following article on the geology of McDonough county, froin the report of A. H. Worthen, state geolo gist. No man was more thoroughly conversant Avith the subject, or so able to treat of a matter which he had so ex haustively investigated. No history of the county would be complete without it, and no one so qualified to give it as he: The geological formations appearing at the surface in this county comprise the quaternary, including the loess and ' drift; the lower portions of the coal measure, including the three lowest' seams of coal; and the St. Louis and Keokuk divisions of the lower carboni ferous limestones. - The entire area of this county, except the valleys of the streams, is covered with beds of quaternary age, ranging from thirty to a hundred feet or more in thickness, and presenting the same gen eral features that have been given as characteristics of this formation in the reports of the adjoining counties. Good natural exposures of these are but rarely found here, and the observer is com pelled to rely mainly on such informa tion as can be obtained from the well diggers, or others engaged in surface excavations, as to their thickness and general character. In the railroad cut on the north bank of Crooked creek, just below Colmar, the following section of quaternary beds was seen: Soil '. 1 to 2feet. Ash colored mariey clay (loess)... 8 to 10 " Reddish brown clay 5 " Sand and gravel, partially strati- fled 15 to 20 " This exposure is considerably below the general level of the prairie, and the beds seem to have been subjected to some shifting process since its original deposition, giving to it the general char acteristics of "modified drift." In the shafts of Colchester the drift clays gen erally range from thirty-five to forty feet in thickness, and consist of buff or brown clays, with gra-^el and boulders, passing downward at some points into blue clays, or "hard pan." Boulders of metamorphic rocks, of various kinds, 60 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. and of all sizes up to a diameter of two or three feet, are scattered in con siderable numbers in all the gulches and streams that cut through the drift beds, and are most abundant in the lower part of the drift deposits. No indication of the presence of an ancient soil under neath either the loess or drift, was seen at any of the points visited in this county; nor did we learn that it had been observed by any one else. The wells are seldom sunk to the bottom of the drift, and hence afford no indications of what may underlie the boulder clays. At Bushnell a boring for coal passed through 112 feet of these quaternary deposits before reaching the bed rocks, in the following order: Peet No. 1. Soil 2 No. 2. Yellow clay 12 No. 3. Sand 2 No. 4. Blue boulder clay 61 No. 5. Blue and yellow sand 85 Total 112 This is probably twice as much as the aA^erage thickness of the deposits in this county — the drill having evidently pene trated an old valley, where from 60 to 70 feet of coal measure strata had been removed by erosion, and the valley thus formed subsequently filled with the transported material. The average thickness of the drift deposits probably does not exceed 50 feet. COAL MEASURES. All the uplands in the county are un derlaid by the coal measures except a limited area on Crooked creek, in the southwestern corner of the county, em bracing nearly the whole of township 4 north, range 4 west (Lamoine), and the southwestern portion of toAvnship 5 north, range 4 west (Tennessee). The beds composing the lower portions of the coal measures, as they are developed in this county, give the, following sec tions: Feet. No. 1. Sandstone and sandy shales, partly ferruginous 20 to 30 No. 2. Band of calcareous shale, with lentic- ' ular masses of dark blue limestone containing Cardiomorplia Missou- riensis 2 to 3 No. 3. CoalNo.3 2 to 8 No. 4. Sandy shale and soft sandstone 85 to 40 No. 5. Bluish clay shale, filled with fossil ferilB 14 to 2 No. 6. CoalNo,2 2 to 2>4 No, 7. Bituminous flre clay 2 No. 8. Gray clay shale ti No. 9. Septaria limestone 3 No. 10. Variegated sliales, purple, yellow andblue 18 to 20 No, II. Sandstone passing locally into shale 10 to 15 No. 12. Coal No. 1. sometimes replaced with slate or blue shale 1 to 3 No. 13. Fire clay, sometimes replaced by sandy shale 2 to 3 No. 14. Quartzose sandstone, conglomerate 5 to 20 These beds have a maximum thickness of about 150 feet, and consequently a boring anywhere in the county, carried down to a depth of two hundred feet from the surface, would pass entirely through the coal measures, and determine the amount of coal that could be found at that point. No coal seam is worked at the present time, except No, 2, or the Colchester coal; and it seemed to us quite probable that neither 1 nor 3 is developed in the county so as to be of any value to the industrial interests of its people. In the vicinity of Colchester, limestone and calcareous shale usually found above coal No. 3 out-crops in the brakes of the ravines west of the town, but no indications of the presence of coal was seen. The concretionary or HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 61 lenticular masses of dark blue limestone were found quite abundant here, and they afforded Cardiomorpha, Missouri- ensis in great numbers, associated with Discina nitida, Productus muricatus P. Prattenianus, Pleurotomaria sphser- ulata, AAdculopecten rectalaterarea, two or three species of small Goniatites, fos- sU wood, and the spine of a fish Listra- canchus hystrix. We also obtained from one of these limestone concretions, asso ciated with the fossil wood above men tioned, a fossil fruit, shaped somewhat like an elongated pecan nut, the rela tions of which have not yet been deter mined. These limestone concretions have been found in Fulton and Schuyler counties overlaying coal No. 3, and af fording most of the species of fossil shells obtained from it here; so that there seems scarcely a doubt but that it here represents the horizon of that coal. It is quite probable that in the eastern, and especially in the southeastern por tion of the county, coal No. 3 may be found sufficiently developed to be worked to advantage. The shale and sandstone above this coal, No. 1 of the foregoing section, we only saw in the vicinity, of Colchester, where about- ten feet in thickness of sandy, ferruginous shales overlay the limestone concretion above mentioned. No. 4 of the foregoing sec tion is well exposed on the ravines lead ing into the east fork of Crooked creek, west of Colchester, but it is everywhere a sandy shale, Avith some thin layers of sandstone, but affords no material of any economical value. The calcareous shale associated Avith the limestone in No 2 of the above section is, at some points near Colchester, quite full of small fossil shells, among which the Spirifer plano- convexus was the most abundant, asso ciated with S. lineatus, Chonetes meso- loba, Productus muricatus, Pleuroto maria, Grayvillensis, a small Macro- cheilus, and fragments of a Nautilus. No. 5 of the above section forms the roof of the Colchester coal, and is a. true clay shale at the bottom, and locally quite bituminous, becoming sandy higher up, and gradually passes into the sandy shales of No. 4. It contains ironstone concretions similar to those at Mazon creek and Murphysboro, though usually not so perfectly formed, and they con tain fossil ferns of the same species found at those localities. The shales also are filled with beautiful ferns, in a remark ably fine state of preservation; and this locality may be reckoned as one among the best in the state for collecting these beautiful relics of an ancient vegetable world, Tavo specimens of fossil insects and two or three species of shells have been found associated with the fossil ferns of this locality. The following list comprises, all the species of fossil plants that have been identified at Colchester to the present time: Neuropteris hirsuta, N. tenuifolia, N. rarinervis, Alethopteris aquilina, Callipteris SuUivantii, Pecop- teris squamosa, P. villosa, P. unita, P. plumosa, P. chserophylloides, Sphenop- teris irregularis, S. trifoliata, Hymeno- phyllites alatus, H. Spinosiis, H. splen- dens, H. Gutbierianus, H. thallyformis, Copdaites borassifolia, C. angustifolia, Spenophyllum Schlotheimii, S. emargin- atum,' S. cornutum, Annularia longifolia, A. sphenophylloides, Asterophyllites equisetiformus, Calamites ramosus, C. approximatus, C. undulatus, Selaginites 62 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. uncinnatus, S. carifolius, Lepidodendron diplotegioides, L. simplex, L. obovatum, L. gracile, Ulodendron majus, U. ellipti- cum, Lepidophloios obcorclatum, Lepi- dostrobus princeps, Lepidophyllum au- riculatum, Sigillaria monostigma, Stig- maria ficoides, S. umbonata, Pinnularia capillacea, Caulopteris obtecta, C. acan- tophora, Carpolithes multistriatus. Ow ing to the thinness of the coal, the roof shales are removed in driving the en tries to the mines, thus affording a fine opportunity for collecting the many beautiful fossil plants that they contain. The thickness of the coal at this locality varies from twenty-four to thirty inches, and at the level of the prairie it lies from seventy-five to ninety feet below the sur face. On all the branches west of Col chester the coal out-crops, and is worked by tunneling into the hillsides. The city of Quincy, as well as most of the small towns along the Chicago, Burling ton and Quincy railroad south of Bush nell, have for many years derived their supplies of coal mainly from the Col chester mines. In the vicinity of Macomb the Colches ter coal seam has not yet been found of sufficient thickness to be Avorked. About a mile and a half southwest of the town a thin coal out-crops above the sandstone quarries of Mr. Stewart, Avhich I am in clined to regard as the Colchester seam, though it is here only about one foot in thickness. This may, however, be an out-crop of the lower seam number one, but from the appearance of the sand stone I believe it to be number two, thinned out here to about one-half its usual thickness. In the vicinity of Colchester a very good sandstone is found below the coal, and from ten to fifteen feet in thickness. It is number eleven of the foregoing section. This I believe to be the equiva lent of the sandstone at Stewart's, and the old McLean quarries near Macomb. A section of the beds exposed in the vicinity of these quarries show the fol lowing succession of strata: Thin coal 1 foot. Shaly clay 2 feet. Thin-bedded sands.tone 1 to 6 " Massive sandstone 10 to 12 " Bituminous shale (coal No. 1). 4 " Carbonate of iron yi " Fireclay.. i4 " Bituminous slate or shale % " Shale 5 " The horizon of coal number one is here occupied by bituminous shales and a six inch band of carbonate of iron. In the vicinity of Colchester, at most of the out-crops we examined, the same horizon was represented by dark blue shales ( No. 12 of the section previously given) containing nodules of iron ore inclosing crystals of zinc blende. On the southwest quarter of section 24, toAvn 5 nortli, range 4 west, (Tennessee) the following beds were found exposed in connection with coal number one. Shaly sandstone 4 feet. Coal No. 1 2 " Fire clay — not exposed Shaly sandstone 16 " St. Louis limestone 6 " Although we did not find this loAver coal developed at any of the exposures examined in the vicinity of Colchester, yet it was found by Mr. Horrocks at his tile and fire-brick kiln,- not more than a mile from the town, and was struck in one of the pits sunk for fire-clay. It m HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 63 was found to be about a foot in thickness only, and was associated with an excel lent tire-clay, and was here about forty- five feet below coal number two. Below Herrick's brick and tile kiln on the same stream a band of ferruginous sandstone, or rather sandy iron ore, was found, about six inches in thickness, filled with fossil shells, among which a large Dis cina was the most abundant, associated with Hemipronites crenistria, Athjrris subtilita, Spirifer opimus, S. Kentuck- ensis, and some other undetermined species. This was no doubt a local deposit, and probably represents the band'of iron ore occurring in Schuyler and Fulton counties, associated with coal number one. This band of iron ore oc curs just at the junction of beds num bered 13 and 14 of the general section of the coal-bearing strata, on a preceding page. On section 24, toAvn 5 north, range 4 west [Tennessee], southwest quarter of the section, a coal seam was opened as early as 1853, when we first visited this county, on land then owned by Mr. LoAvry. The coal was from eighteen inches to two feet in thickness, overlaid by a few feet of shaly sandstone. Be low the bed of coal there was about sixteen feet of sandstone exposed, and a short distance up the creek a con cretionary limestone is exposed, under lying the sandstone. This I have no doubt is the lower coal (No. 1), and will no doubt be found at many points in the county, ranging from one to three feet in thickness. At this time coal was also dug on Mr. Thompson's place, on the northeast quarter of section 16, toAvn 4 north, range 3 west [Bethel]. The seam at this point was thirty inches thick, but was only exposed in the bed of the creek, with no out-crop of the associate beds. This is also, without doubt, the lower seam, as the concretionary mem ber of the St. Louis limestone was found out-cropping on the creek a short distance below where the coal was found. On the northwest quarter of section 33, town 4 north, range 3 west [Bethel], a coal seam was opened and worked in 1858 on land then owned by J. Stone- king. The coal was worked by " strip ping " in the bed of a small creek, and the coal ranged from eighteen to twenty inches in thickness, and was overlaid by about two feet of gray shale. These two lower seams also out-crop on Job's creek, near Blandinsville, and have been worked from the first settle ment of the county. They out-crop also on nearly all the tributaries on the east fork of Crooked creek, and probably underlie at least seven-eighths of the en tire area of the county. They seldom attain a thickness of three feet, how ever, in this portion of the state, but they are nowhere more than one hun dred to one hundred and seventy-five feet below the surface of the general level of the prairie. No. 3, if developed anywhere in the county, will probably be found in the eastern range of townships, and would be the first seam reached in sinking a shaft or boring from the prai rie level. At Bushnell, a boring for coal at the steam mill passed through the following beds, as ^represented by those in charge of the Avtjrk: 64 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 1. Soil 2 feet. 2. ' Tellow clay ^ '. 12 8. Sand ] 2 4. Blue clay with boulders 61 " 5. Blue and yellow sand 85 " 6. Sandstone 5 " 7. Clay shale IJ^ " 8. Black shale li^ " 9. Gray shale 34 10. Limestone 9 " 11. Shale.... 1 163 The beds numbered 1 to 5 inclusive belong to the drift, and shown an aggre gate thickness of one hundred and twelve feet, indicating the existence of an old valley here, in which the coal measures have been cut away down to a point below the horizon of the Colches ter coal, and which was subsequently filled with drift deposits, and conse quently that coal which should have been found at a depth of fifty to seventy feet below the surface at this point, was not met Avith at all. The Hmestone No. 10 of tli.e above sections is probably the bed overlaying the Seaville coal. The extent and direction of this old valley we have no data for determining at the present time, but it is ptobably a lateral arm of the Spoon river valley, and most probably trends southeastwardly into the valley of that stream. At Prairie City a boring was carried down to a depth of 227 feet, passing through the following beds, as reported by Mr. T. L. Magee: 1. Soil and drift clays 86 feet. Clay shale or " soapstone " 16 " Black shale '. J^ " Coal No. 2 IK "¦ Fireclay 4 " Shale and sandstone 12 Clay shale 38 2.3.4. 5. 6.7. Hard rock (limestone) 11 Shale 4 White flint 1 Shale 10 Coal No. 1 3 Fireclay 6% Hard rock 5 Clay shale 8 Sandstone 4 Dark gray shale 8 Clay shale (light colored) 14 feet 227 In the foregoing sections the beds numbered from 2 to 18 inclusive belong to the Coal Measures, and include the two lower coals. No. 19 is undoubtedly the St. Louis limestone which outcrops on Spoon river just below SeaAdlle, about eight miles east of Prairie City. At Lawrence's mound, at an elevation considerably above the surface where the above boring was made, a coal seam three feet in thickness was found in digging a well, which was probably No. 3, occurring here as an outlier left by the denuding forces which swept it away from the surrounding region. It lay im mediately below the drift, Avith no roof but gravel, and covered but a limited area of ground. At Macomb, a boring, carried ' to the depth of about 160 feet, failed to find any coal of sufficient thickness to be of any economical value. From these ex periments, it would seem that the lower coals in this county are not very uniform in their development, and probably neither No. 1 nor No. 3 will be found over any considerable area thick enough to be worked to advantage, while No. 2 is also too thin to be worked at some points, though it may be considered the most HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 65 persistent and reliable seam to be found in this country, and is the, one most gen erally worked, both at and near the town of Colchester, and other places in this county. ST. LOUIS LIMESTONE. This divisionof the Lower Carbonif erous series is probably nowhere in this county more than fifty feet in thickness, and consists,first, of a bed of light-gray concretionary or brec ciated limestone, laying immediately below the lower sandstone of the Coal Measures; and secondly, of a magne- sian limestone and some blue shales or calcareous sandstones, constituting what is sometimes called the " War saw limestone." On the east fork of Crooked creek, a little north of west from Colchester, the following sections of these limestones may be seen: No. 1 Brecciated light-grey limestone 5 to 20 feet. No. 2 Calcareous sandstone, in regular beds .. 12 " No. 3 Bluish shale 3 " The magnesian bed, which usually forms the base of this group, is below the surface here and generally ranges from eight to ten feet in thickness. The brecciated limestone is very unevenly developed, and often varies in thickness in a short distance from five to twenty feet or more. It rarely affords any fos sils except the common corals Lithostro- tion canadense and L. proliferum, sil- icious specimens of which are often found weathered out along the creeks where this limestone out-crops. No fos sils were seen in the calcareous sand stone, but the magnesian limestone that out-crops lower down on the creek, and underlies the blue shale in the above section, usually contains a variety of Bryozoans, among which are the Arch- imides Wortheni, Polypora Varsoeiense, Semicoscinium, Keyserlingi, etc. KEOKUK LIMESTONE. This is the lowest rock exposed in the county, and is only found along the bluffs of Crooked creek, in townships 4 and 5, range 4 west, (Lamoine and Ten nessee). The upper part of this forma tion is usually a bluish calcareo argilla ceous shale, containing silicious geodes either filled with a mass of crystaline quartz, or hollow and lined within quartz crystals, mammillary chalcedony, calcite and dolomite. Below this geode bed there is usually from thirty to forty feet of cherty gray limestone, the layers varying in thickness from a few inches to two feet or more, and separated by partings of shale. The limestone beds consist mainly of the remains of organic beings, the corals, the crinoids, and mol- lusca that swarmed in countless numbers in the primeval ocean ; and the old quarries of limestone afford a rich field for the student who desires to become fully acquainted with the vai-ied and peculiar organic forms of this period. South of Colmar the grade of the C, B. & Q. railroad cuts into the upper part of this limestone to the depth of several feet, and from the material thrown out from this cut we obtained many speci mens of the characteristic fossils of this limestone in an excellent state of pres ervation. The upper layers of the lime stone had been freely exposed to the erosive action of the ¦ water during the drift period, and many of the silicious fossils were found completely weathered 66 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. out from the shaly limestones, and in a most , perfect state of preservation. Among the fossils found at this locality, were many specimens of Laphrentis dalii, Spirifer Keokuk, S. lineatus, S. sub-orbicularis, Agaricocrinus ameri canus, Actinocrinus bi-turbinatus, Cya- thocrinus stellatus, Archimides, Owen- ana, Hemipronites crenistria, Phillipsia, Portlockii, several species of fish teeth, etc. The lower portion of this limestone is -usually below the level of the creek bottoms, but the upper portion is well exposed on the main creek in township 4 north, range 4 Avest (Lamoine), and on the east fork in toAvnship 5 north, range 4 west (Tennessee). In the region south of Colmar the geodiferous shales and the St. Louis limestone have all been re moved by denudation before the deposit of the drift, and the boulder clays now rest directly upon the upper part of the Keokuk limestone. A complete section of all the limestones below the coal measures in this county would show the following order of succession and thick ness: Feet. Light gray brecciated limestone 5 to 20 Calcareous sandstone 12 Magnesian limestone and shale 10 to 12 Geodiferous shales of the Keokuk bed... 20 to 30 Light gray cherty limestone 30 to 40 ECONOMICAL GEOLOGY. Coal. As may be seen from a perusal of the foregoing pages, a large portion of this county is underlaid with coal, and though the seams that are found here are much thinner than some of those that outcrop in Schuyler and Fulton counties, yet they have not only furnished an abun dant supply of coal for home consump tion, but for many years have furnished many thousands of tons annually for shipment south and west to the adjoin ing counties. The shipment from Col chester alone for the years 1866 and '67 was about 500,000 tons per annum, and the product of the mines of that place and vicinity has been constantly on the increase. The coal obtained here is of an excellent quality, if taken out at some distance from the outcrop, Avhere it has not been exposed to atmospheric influences. The coal is tolerably hard, bright, and comparatively free from pyrite, and breaks freely into cubic blocks when mined. An analysis of this coal by Mr. Henry Pratten, as reported in Dr. Norwood's "Analysis of Illinois Coals," gave the following results; Specific gravity 1,290 l(0ss in coking 41 .2 Total weight of coke , 58.8 100.0 ANALYSIS. Moisture 5.4 Volatile matters 35.8 Carbon in coke 56.8 Ashes (light gray) 2 .0 100 .0 Carbon in coal 60.10 This analysis shows this to be one of the best coals in the state, and its free dom from pyrite has always made it a faA'orite coal Avith blacksmiths of this and adjoining counties. The coal from the lower seam is usually harder than that from the Colchester seam, and less uniform in quality. Its thickness is also more variable and frequently the coal is Avanting altogether, and its place occu pied by bituminous shales. Neverthe- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 67 less, it sometimes attains a thickness of three feet, as at Seaville, in Fulton county, and the coal obtained there is of a fair quality. It is quite probable that this seam may be found in some of the eastern townships in this county as thick as it is at Seaville, and if so, it might be worked to advantage, as its depth below the surface AA'ould probably nowhere ex ceed two hundred feet. No. 3, if found at all in this county, Afould be met with in the uppermost lay ers of the bed rock, and immediately un derneath the boulder clays, except at a few points, where it might be overlaid by a few feet of sandstone or sandy shale. It is less persistent in its development, however, than either of those below it, but its proper horizon may be readily recognized by the dark blue limestone and bituminous shales that are nearly always present. A boring carried doAvn to the depth of two hundred feet would probably pass entirely through the coal measures in any portion of the county, and in the western part the subordinate limestone would be reached at a depth of one hun dred and fifty feet or less, when the light gray brecciated limestone of the St. Louis group is reached, it is useless to bore further in search of coal, and this lime stone is so decidedly different in its ap pearance from any of the limestones in the lower part of the coal measures, that an expert would find no difficulty in iden tifying it, even by the smallest fragments taken up by the sand. pump. Hence it forms a reliable guide, both where it out crops and where it may be reached by the drill, and determines the point below which no coal can be found. FIRE-CLAY. The fire-clay under the Colchester coal has been used by Mr. Horrocks, at his kiln west of the town, for the manufac ture of drain tile, fire-brick, etc., but re cently he has obtained a better quality fire-clay by sinking a shallow shaft down to the lower or No. 1 coal, which, at his kiln, is about forty-five feet below the Colchester seam. The horizon of this lower coal furnishes an excellent article of fire and potter's clay in various por tions of the state, and it may, no doubt, be found at many points in this county, besides the one where it is at present worked. lEON OBE. There is a band of iron ore, very generally developed in connection with coal No. 1, and indications of its pres ence were observed at several points in this county, though not in sufficient' quantity to justify an attempt to work it at the present time. On the creek be low Herrick's brick kiln, it is about six inches thick, but too sandy to be of much value, even if the quantity was greater. On' the creek west of Macomb a band of very pure iron ore occurs, about six inches thick, and it is quite probable it may be found somewhere in the county of sufficient thickness to be of some economical importance. In Schuyler county, there are two or three bands of ore associated Avith the same coal, attaining there an aggregate thick ness of about two feet, and yielding on analysis about fifty-two per cent, of protoxide of iron. The ore is an argil laceous carbonate of iron, and compares favorably in quality with the best Penn sylvania ores. 68 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. On D. C. FUnt's place, in Mound township, a deposit of bog iron ore of good quality is found, which is reported to be several feet in thickness, but the area covered by it has not been ascer tained. Should it prove sufficiently extensive and pure as the sample sent to my office, it is a valuable deposit. BUILDING STONE. The central and western portions of the county have an abundant supply of free stone frpm the sandstone bed inter vening between coals No. 1 and 2. This is usually from ten to twelve feet in thickness, the upper part thin-bedded and quarrying out in thin, even slabs suitable for flags, while the lower part is quite massive and splits evenly. At Stewart's quarries, two miles west of Macomb, there is about twelve feet in thickness exposed in the face of the quarry. The rock is a rather coarse grained sandstone, nearly white in color, and furnishes a very durable material for foundation walls, and is also easily cut and may be advantageously used for all ordinary architectural purposes. At these quarries the rock is very massive, but at the old McLean quar ries, about a half mile to the westward of Stewart's, the sandstone is more reg ularly bedded, the layers varying from four to twelve inches or more in thick ness. This sandstone is equivalent of that on the Toledo, Peoria and Warsaw railroad west of Seaville, in Fulton county, and is very similar in quality. Some of the beds seem to be sufficiently even-textured for grindstones. The magnesian and arenaceous beds of the St. Louis group will afford the best ma terial for culverts and bridge abutments that can be found in the state, as they are scarcely at all affected by the action of frost and moisture. The gray limestones of the Keokuk series make a durable building stone if pro tected from, water, but split to fragments on exposure to ordinary atmospheric agencies. The brecciated limestone will make an excellent macadamizing mate rial for the construction of turnpike roads, or for ballasting our railroads. LIMESTONE POE LIME. .Good limestone for burning into quick lime may be obtained from the lower division of the Keokuk, and from the brecciated bed of the St. Louis group. Where the former is used, it should be selected with some care, as a portion of the beds contain too large a per cent, of argillaceous or silicious matter to slack readily when burned, and would yield only an inferior quality of lime. The light gray semi-crystalline layers are the best for this purpose, and will make a quicklime of good quality. The brec ciated limestone is, however, in many respects the best rock in the county for this purpose, as , it is usually a nearly pure carbonate of lime in its composi tion and can be burned at less expense, and makes a quicklime of superior qual ity. This limestone may be found on most of the tributaries of Crooked creek, and on the east fork as far north as the vicinity of Colchester. SAND AND CLAY FOR BRICK. The sub-soil, where it is predicated upon the marly beds of the loess,supplies these materials in nearly the right proportion HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 69 forthe brickyard; and when deficient in sand, this may be easily supplied either from the creek bottoms or sandy beds interstratified with the drift clays. These materials are so universally distributed that there is scarcely a neighborhood in the county where they may not be read ily found at hand. SOIL AND AGRICULTURE. There is not much variety in the gen eral character of the soils in this county, and there is no considerable portion of its surface that will not bring good crops of the various cereals usually cultivated in this latitude, without other stimulants than those contained in the soil itself. The prairie soil is a dark, chocolate- colored loam, appearing nearly black when wet, and produces excellent crops of corn, wheat, oats, barley and grass, and where a proper rotation of crops has been the rule, no perceptible decrease in the annual product has been observed, even on lands that have been under con stant cultivation for the last twenty-five or thirty years. The timber lands are generally confined to the creek valleys, and broken ridges adjacent thereto. The soil on these timbered ridges is usuaUy thin, but they are excellent fruit lands, and will produce fair crops of wheat, oats and clover, but they require manuring if subjected to long continued cultivation. These thin soils are predi cated upon the boulder clays, and the timber growth is mainly black and white oak .and hickory; and their uneven sur face does not retain the vegetable and animal matters that are annually depos ited upon thein, but on the contrary, these are swept away by the annual rains into the adjacent valleys, while on the level prairies they are retained, and add from year to year their fertilizing prop erties to the soil. The bottom lands on Crooked creek are very limited in extent, and are mostly subject to overflow. They afford some fine timber, the varieties of which have been enumerated on a pre ceding page. Although the above will give the at tentive reader a full account of the geo logical formation of the county, still more can be added, and we freely quote from S. J. Clarke's history of the county the following items, as being apt to in terest all: " The area of the coal fields of McDon ough is nearly, if not quite, co-extensive with its entire surface, having been found in every township except Walnut Grove. There are a large , number of shafts and banks in active operation, af- ording employment to hundreds of men, some of whom work in the banks, while others are constantly engaged in hauling to our home markets and the towns sur rounding. There is no limit to the sup ply, as the beds are inexhaustible. An account of the various coal shafts ap pears in the various township histories. " The coal of this county is regarded as the best in the state, and is used ex tensively in the manufacture of gas in several of our large western cities. " The quarries of McDonough county are becoming justly noted for their superior quality of freestone and sand stone. As remarked of coal, the supply is almost inexhaustible, and capable of meeting the demand for hundreds of years. West of Macomb a short dis tance are two or three quarries that have 70 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. been worked for many years, and the rock taken from them used for building purposes have stood the test of time in a remarkable degree. For years the stone has been used principally for foun dation purposes, wells and sidewalks. In 1875, Mr. EoAvley, of New York, who, for many years had been the projprietor of the quarry known as Stewart's, having tested the stone in every conceivable way, erected a factory for the purpose of manufacturing grindstones. He had in his employ a large number of hands, and turned out an article that gave uni versal satisfaction. Shipments are being made daily to all parts of the United States, and no doubt in time this will be one of the institutions of the county. John McLean, Esq., of Macomb, fur nished the following statement of the quarry formerly worked by Hector McLean, Sr., and his three sons, Alex ander,- John and Duncan: "We commenced work in the Ean dolph quarry in the fall of 1849, and in 1852 left, purchasing the interest of Swigart & Broaddus in the quarry known as Bartleson's, and considered the best freestone or sandstone in the state. The quarry was easy to work, having seams in every ledge,running the entire length. We frequently pried up stones 30x15 feet, flat and smooth, fitted for any kind of pavement, the ledges being from one and a half inches, increasing in thick ness to three feet, being the lowest ledge we worked. "We had the quarry rented for four years, at ten cents per perch. In 1857 we purchased 160 acres of land on which the quarry Avas situated, of a Mr. Airy, of Philadelphia, a brother of the late Mrs. Bartleson, of Macomb, for which we paid $1,600; sold the same to C. N. Harding, Esq., in 1867, for $4,000. We worked in the quarry twelve years, in which time we averaged 1000 perches per year of all kinds of rock. "In looking over the accounts of some years, I find that we made as high as $8,500 per year, paying for extra labor, tools and powder for blasting purposes, $1,300. In those times this was consid ered 'big money.' We usually did all the business ourselves, having four yoke of oxen, and a large wagon capable of carrying five tons or four perches. The wagon was made by our former towns man, Sidney S. Chapman, and a splendid wagon it was, painted on the axle 1852, the year in which it was made. We quarried, hauled and built, receiving therefor -$2.50 to $3.25 per perch, accord ing to wall." "Besides the quarries mentioned, there is an excellant quality of stone found near Industry, on Grindstone creek, of the same general character as the fore going." Clay, suitable for the manufacture of pottery, drain-tile, fire-brick, etc., is found quite extensively throughout the county, and is largely utilized, there be ing quite a number of potteries within its limits, full accounts of AA'hich will be found in theii' proper places, in the his tories of the towns or townships wherein they are located. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 71 CHAPTER IV. PIONEEE LIFE. In this chapter it is the design to pre sent some of the interesting and pecul iar phases of frontier life. It is not the purpose to here portray conditions and circumstances that apply to every case, but to pluck from the mass of material some of the most extreme cases, and be longing properly to the extreme frontier. While, as a means of variety, here and there are stated occurrences and con ditions Avhich have existed up to Avithin a very recent day, it is impossible to single out McDonough county as an iso lated case in the description of pioneer life^ for it finds its parallel in almost every county in the state and throughout the entire west. And it is, on the other hand, just as impossible to limit the por trayal so as to just precisely fit and cover given cases and territory. Pioneer life must be taken as a whole, and as it existed a half century ago in the west. Some of the illustrations may not apply to the exact manner in which this or that particular settler got along — nor is it the intention that it should — but it is at tempted to show what has been done in the development of the great west. But a little more than a half century ago, McDonough county was not in ex istence, the territory comprising it be ing as wild and desolate as the Indians who inhabited it; and there was not a white settler within its boundaries- When the determined pioneers of Mc Donough county settled here, they found an unbroken, uncultivated and uninhab ited prairie. Wild beasts, and but little less wild savages, roamed at will over the i^i'f'ii'ifi and through the forests. Forests were to be felled, cabins erected, mills built, and the river and creeks made to labor for the benefit of mankind. The beautiful prairies were to be robbed of their natural ornaments, and the hand of art was to assist in their decoration. Who was to undertake this work? Are they qualified for the task ? What will be the effect of their labors upon future generations? The McDonough county pioneers had many difficulties to contend with, not the least of which was the journey from civilization to the forest homes. The route lay for the most part through a rough country; swamps and marshes were crossed with great exertion and fatigue; rivers were forded with diffi culty and danger; nights were passed on open prairies, with the sod for a couch and the heavens for a shelter; long, weary days and weeks of travel were endured, but finally the "promised land" was reached. Soon the anxious father of the family, with his hands erects a habitation and pioneer life began. 72 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. EARLY MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. The young men and women of to-day have little conception of the mode of life among the early settlers of the country. One can hardly conceive how so great a change could take place in so short a time. The clothing, the dwell ings, the diet, the social customs have undergone a total revolution, as though a new race had taken possession of the land. In a new country far removed from the conveniences of civilization, where all are compellad to build their own houses, make their own clothing, and procure for themselves the means of subsistence, it is to be expected that their dwellings and garments will be rude. These were matters controlled by surrounding circumstances and the means at their disposal, The earliest settlers constructed what were termed "three-faced camps," or, in other words, three walls, leaving one side open. They are described as follows: The walls were built seven feet high, when poles were laid across at a distance of about three feet apart, and on these a roof of clapboards was laid,, which were kept in place by weight pol^s placed on them. The clapboards were about four feet in length, and from eight inches to twelve inches in width, split out of white oak timber. No floor was laid in the "camp." The structure required neither door, window or chimney. The one side left out of the cabin answered all these purposes. In front of the open side was built a large log heap, which served for warmth in cold weather and for cooking purposes in all seasons. Of course there was an abundance of light. and, on either side of the fire, space to enter in and out. These "three-faced camps" were probably more easily con structed than the ordinary cabin, and Avas not the usual style of dwelling houses. The cabin was considered a material advance for comfort and home life. This was, in almost CA'ery case, built of logs, the spaces between the logs being filled in Avitli split sticks of wood, called "chinks," and then daubed over, both inside and outside, with mortar made of clay. The floor, sometimes, was nothing more than earth tramped hard and smooth, but com monly made of "puncheons," or split logs, with the split side turned upward. The roof was made by gradually drawing in the top to the ridge pole, and, on cross pieces, laying the "clapboards," which, being several feet in length, instead of being nailed, were held in place by poles laid on them, called "weight poles,"reach- ing the length of the cabin. For a fire place, a space was cut out of the logs on one side of the room, usually about six feet in length, and three sides were built up of logs, making an offset in the wall. This was lined with stone, if convenient; if not, then earth. The flue, or upper part of the chimney, Avas built of small split sticks, two and a half or three feet in length, carried a little space above the roof, and plastered over with clay, and when finished was called a "cat-and-clay" chimney. The door space Avas also made by cutting an aperture in one side of the room of the required size, the door itself being made of clapboards secured by wooden pins to two crosspieces. The hinges were also of Avood, while the fast enings consisted of a wooden latch catch- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 73 ing on a hook of the same material. To open the door from the outside, .,a strip of buckskin was tied to the latch and drawn through a hole a few inches above the latch-bar, so that on pulling the string the latch was lifted from the catch or hook, and the door was opened without further trouble. To lock the door, it was only necessary to pull the string through the hole to the inside. Here the family lived, and here the guest and wayfarer were made welcome. The living room was of good size, but to a large extent it was all — kitchen, bed-room, parlor and arsenal, Avith flitches of bacon and rings of dried pumpkin -suspended from the rafters. In one corner were the loom and other implements used in the manu facture of clothing, and around the ample fire-place were collected the kitchen fur niture. The clothing lined one side of the sleeping apartment, suspended from pegs driven in the logs. Hemp and flax were generally raised, and a few sheep kept. Out of these the clothing for the family and the sheets and coverlets were made by the females of the ' house. Over the door was placed the trusty rifle, and just back of it hung the pow der horn and hunting pouch. In the well-to-do families, or Avhen croAvded on the ground floor, a loft was sometimes made to the cabin for a sleeping place and the storage of "traps" and articles not in common use. The loft was reach ed by a ladder se.cured to the wall. Generally the bedrooms were separa ted from the living-room by sheets and coverlets suspended from the rafters, but until the means of making these partition walls were ample, they lived and slept in the same room. Familiarity with this mode of living did away with much of the discomfort; but as soon as the improvement coiild be made, there Avas added to the cabin an additional room, or a " double log cabin " being substantially a" three-faced camp," with a log room on each end and con taining a loft. The furniture in the cabin corresponded with the house it self. The articles used in the kitchen were as few and simple as can be imag ined. A "Dutch oven," or skillet, a long handled frying pan, an iron pot or kettle, and sometimes a coffee pot, con stituted the utensils of the best furnish ed kitchen. A little later, when stone formed the base of the chimney, a long iron " crane " swung in the chimney place, which on its " pot-hook " carried the boiling kettle or heavy iron pot. The cooking was all done on the fire place and at the fire, and the style of cooking was as simple as the utensils. Indian, or corn meal, Avas the cominon flour, which Avas made 'into "pone" or •' corn-dodger," or " hoe-cake," as the occasion or variety demanded. The " pone "and the " dodger " was baked in the Dutch oven, which Avas first set on a bed of glowing coals. When the oven was filled Avith dough, the lid, already heated on the fire, was placed on the oven and covered with red hot cqals. When the bread was done, it was taken from the oven and placed near the fire to ieep warm while some other food was being prepared in the same "oven " for the forthcoming meal. The " hoe-cake " was prepared in the same way as the dodger — that is, a stiff dough was made of the meal and water, and, taking as much as could conveniently be held in 74 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. both handsjit was moulded into the desir ed shape by being tossed from hand to hand, then laid on a board or flat stone placed at an angle before the fire and pat ted down to the required thickness on the " johnny-cake board." In the fall and early Avinter, cooked pumpkin Avas sometimes qidded to the meal dough, giving a flavor and richness to the bread not attained by the modern methods. In the oven from Avhich the bread was taken, the venison or ham was then fried, and, in winter, lye hominy, made from the unbroken grains of corn, added to the frugal meal. The woods abounded in honey, and of this in pioneer times, the early settlers had an abundance the year round. These simple cabins were inhabited by a kind and true-hearted people. They were strangers to mock-modesty, and the traveler seeking lodgings for the night, or desirous of spending a fcAV days in the community, if willing to ac cept the rude offerings, was always wel come, although how they were disposed of at night the reader may not easily imagine: for, as described, often a single room would be made to serve the pur pose of a kitchen, dining-room, sitting- room and parlor, and many families con sisted of six or eight persons. CHARACTER OP THE PIONEERS. The character of the pioneers of Mc Donough county falls properly within the range of the historian. They lived in a region of exuberance and fertility, where Nature had scattered her bless ings with a liberal hand. The fair sup ply of timber, the fertile prairie, and the many improvements constantly going forAvard, with the bright prospect for a glorious future in everything that ren ders life pleasant, combined to deeply im press their character, to give them a spirit of enterprise, an indepeiidance of feeling, and a joyousness of hope. They were a thorough admixture of many nations, characters, languages, conditions, and opinions. There was scarcely a state in the Union that was not represented among the early settlers, All the various religious sects had their advocates. All now form one society. Says an early writer: " Men must cleaA^e to their kind, and must be dependent upon each other. Pride and jealousy giA'e Avay to the natural yearnings of the human heart for society. They begin to rub off the neutral prejudices; one takes a step and then the other; they meet Jialf way and embrace ; and the society thus newly organized and consti tuted is more liberal, enlarged, unpreju diced, and, of course, more affectionate than a society of people of like birth and character, who bring all their early prejudices as a common stock, to be transmitted as an inheritance to pos terity." They were bound together by a feeling that all were equal, and were laboring and striving for a common end. They had all left more or less comfortable homes in the eastern states, and cast their lot in a country where there was nothing save the intrinsic merits of the location. Here they were all on equal footing; riches could give no advantage, even had they existed, and the absence of the aristocratic element that is now so painfully apparent in society, must alone have been a great source of com- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 75 fort to the pioneers. They all felt an equal interest in the improvement and development of the country, and to the softening and smoothing over of the rough edged disadvantages against which they had to contend. Every one was thought of and treated as a brother. Their public gatherings were like the reunion of a parted family, and the fact that there was no rivalry, made the oc casions doubly joyous. Their hospitality knew no bounds. . CLOTHING. The clothing of the early pioneers was as plain and simple as their houses. Ne cessity compelled it to be in conformity to the strictest economy. The clothing taken to the new country was made to render a vast deal of service until a crop of flax or hemp could be grown, out of which to make the household apparel. The prairie wolves made it difficult to ,take sheep into4he settlements, but after the sheep had been introduced, and flax and hemp raised in sufficient quantities, it still remained an arduous task to spin, weave and make the wearing apparel for an entire family. In suinmer, nearly all persons, both male and female, Avent barefooted. Buckskin moccasins were much worn. Boys of twelve and fifteen years of age never thought of wearing anything on their feet, except during three or four months of the coldest weather in winter. Boots were unknown until a later generation. After flax was raised in sufficient quantities, and sheep could be protected from the wolves, a better and more comfortable style of clothing prevailed. Flannel and linsey were woven and made into garments for the women and children, and jeans for the men. The avooI for the jeans was colored from the bark of the walnut, and from this came the term "butternut," still common throughout the West. The black and white wool mixed, varied the color, and gave the name "pepper-and- salt." As a matter of course every family did its own spinning, weaving and sewing, and for years all the wool had to be carded by hand on cards from four inches broad to eight and ten inches long. The picking of the wool and carding was work to which the little folks could help, and at the proper sea son all the little hands were enlisted in the business. Every household had its big and little spinning wheels, winding- blades, reel, warping-bars and loom. The articles were indispensable in every family. In many of the households of McDonough county, stowed away in empty garrets and out-of-the-way places, may still be found some of these almost forgotten relics. The preparations for the family cloth ing usually began early in the fall, and the work was continued on into the win ter months, when the whir of the wheels and the regular stroke of the loom could heard until a late hour of the night. No scene can well be imagined so abounding in contentment and domestic happiness. Strips of bark, df the shell bark hickory, thrown from time to time in the ample fire place, east a ruddy, flickering light over the room. In one corner, within range of the reflected light, the father is cobbling a well worn pair of shoes, or trying his skill at mak ing new ones. Hard by, the young ones are shelling corn for the next grist. The 76 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. oldest daughter whirls the large spin ning wheel, and with its hum and whir trips to the far side of the room, draw ing out the thread, while the mother, with the click of the shuttle and the measured thump of the loom, fills up the hours. The whole a scene of domestic industry and happiness rarely elsewhere to be found. Industry such as this, supported by an economy and frugality from which there was no escape, necessarily brought its own reward. Changes and alterations were to be expected, but the reality has distanced the' wildest conjecture; and stranger still, multitudes are still living who witnessed not only the face of nature undergoing a change about them, but the manners, customs and industries of a whole people almost wholly changed. Many an old pioneer sits by his fireside in his easy chair with closed eyes, and dreams of the long ago, in sympathy with the poet describing eastern pioneer life, and seeing here and there strains that are parallel to his own experience: " The voice of Nature's very self drops low. As though she whispered of the long ago. When doAvn the wandering stream the rude canoe Of some lone trapper glided into view, And loitered doAvn the Avatery path that led Thro' forest depths, that only knew the tread Of savage beasts and wild barbarians, That skulked about Avith blood upon their hands. And murder in their hearts. The light of day Might barely pierce the gloominess that lay Like some dark pall across the water's face. And folded all the land in its embrace, The panther's screaming, and the bear's low groAvl, The snake's sharp rattle, and the wolf's wild howl, The owl's grim chuckle, as it rose and fell In alternation with the Indian's yell. Made fltting prelude for the gory plays That Avere enacted in the early days. Now, o'er the vision, like a miracle, falls The old log cabin with its dingy walls. And crippled chimney, with the crutch-like prop Beneath, a sagging shoulder at the top, The coon skin battened fast on either side, The wisps of leaf tobacco, cut and dried ; The yellow strands of quartered apples hung In rich festoons that tangle in among The morning glory vines that clamber o'er The little clapboard roof above the door ; Again, thro' mists of memory arise The simple scenes of home before the eyes ; The happy mother humming with her wheel ; The dear old melodies that used to steal So drowsily upon the summer air. The house dog hid his bone, forgot his care And nestled at her feet, to dream, perchance, Some cooling dream of summer-time romance. The square of sunshine through the open door That notched its edge across the puncheon floor. And made the golden coverlet whereon The god of slumber had a picture drawn Of babyhood, in all the loveliness Of dimpled cheek and limb and linsey dress. The bough-filled fire-place and the mantle wide. Its flre-scorched ankles stretched on either side. Where, perchance upon its shoulder 'neath the joist. The old clock hiccoughed, harsh and husky voiced ; Tomatoes, red and yellow, in a row, Preserved not them for diet but for show ; The jars of jelly, with their dainty tops; Bunches of pennyroyal and cordial drops. The flask of camphor and vial of squills, The box of buttons, garden seeds and pills; And thus the pioneer and helpsome aged wife Reflectively views the scenes of early life." In early days more mischief was done by wolves than by any other wild ani mal, and no small part of their mischief consisted in their almost constant bark ing at night, which always seemed men acing and frightful to the settlers. Like HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 77 mosquitos, the noise they made appeared to be about as dreadful as the depreda tions they committed. The most effect ual, as well as the most exciting, method of ridding the country of these hateful pests, was that knoAvn as the circular wolf hunt, by which all the men and boys would turn out on an appointed day, in a kind of circle comprising many square mUes of territory, with horses and dogs, and then close up toward the center field of operation, killiiig the "varmints" as they came into view. WEDDINGS. The wedding was an attractive feature of pioneer life. There was no distinc tion of life and very little of fortune On these accounts the first impressions of love generally resulted in marriage. The family establishment cost but little labor — nothing more. The marriage was always celebrated, in those days, at the house of the bride, and she was generaUy left to choose the officiating clergyman. A wedding, however, en gaged the attention of the whole neigh borhood. It was anticipated by both old and young with eager expectation. In the morning of the wedding day, the groom and his intimate friends assem bled at the house of his father, and after due preparation, departed en masse for the "mansion" of his bride. The jour ney was sometimes made on horseback, sometimes on foot, and sometimes in farm wagons and carts. It was always a merry journey, and to insure merri ment the bottle was always taken along. On reaching the house of the bride, the marriage ceremony took place, and then dinner or supper was served. After the meal the dancing commenced, and gen erally lasted until the following morning. The figures of the dances were three and four-handed reels, or square sets and jigs. The commencement was always a square four, which was followed by what the pioneers called "jigging," — that is, two out of the four would single out for a jig, and were followed by the remaining couple. The jigs were often accompanied with what was called "cut ting out" — that is, when either of the parties became tired of the dance, on intimation the place was supplied by some one of the company without inter ruption of the dance. In this way the reel was often continued until the musi cian was exhausted. About nine or ten o'clock in the evening a deputation of young ladies stole off the bride and put her to bed. In doing this, they had to ascend a ladder from the kitchen to the upper floor, which was composed of loose boards. Here, in the pioneer bridal chamber, the young, simple- hearted girl was put to bed by her en thusiastic friends. This done, a deputa tion of young men escorted the groom to the same apartment, and placed him snugly by the side of his bride.' The dance still continued, and if the seats in the house were scarce, which was gen erally the case, says a local witness, every young man, when not engaged in the dance, was obliged to offer his lap as a seat for one of the girls, and the offer was sure to be accepted. During the night's festivities, spirits were freely, used, but seldom to excess. The inf air was held on the following evening, where the same order of exercises was generally observed. 78 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. SHAKES. Another feature of pioneer life, which every old settler will vividly recall, was the "chills and fever," "fever and ague," or "shakes," as it is variously called. It was a terror to new-comers, for in the fall of the year almost everybody was afflicted with it. . It was no respecter of persons; everybody looked pale and sal low, as though frost-bitten. It was not contagious, but derived from impure water and air, which was always devel oped in the opening up of a new coun try of rank soil like that of McDonough county. The impurities continued to absorb from day to day, and from week to week, until the whole corporate body becomes saturated Avith it as with elec tricity, and then the shock came; and the shock was a regular shake, with a fixed beginning and ending, coming on, in some cases, each day, but generally on alternate days, v/ith a regularity that Avas surprising. After the shakes came the fever, and this " last estate was worse than the first;" it was a burning hot fever, and lasted for hours. When you had the chill you couldn't get warm, and when you had the fever you couldn't get cool. It was exceedingly awkward in this respect — indeed it was. Nor would it stop for any contingency — not even a wedding in the family could stop it. It was imperative and tyrannical. When the appointed time came around, everything else had to be stopped to at tend to" its demands. It didn't even have any Sundays or holidays. After the fever went down you still didn't feel much better; you felt as though you had gone through some sort of a collis ion, threshing-machine, jarring-machine. and came out not killed, but next thing to it. You fel^t weak, as though you had run too far after something, and then didn't catch it. You felt languid, stupid and sore and was down in the mouth and heel and partially raveled out. Your back was out of fix, your head ached and your appetite crazy. Your eyes had too much white in them; your ears, espec ially after taking quinine, had too much roar in them, and your whole body and soul were entirely woe begone, disconso late, sad, poor and good for nothing. You didn't think much of yourself, and didn't believe that other people did either, and you didn't care. You didn't quite make up your mind to commit suicide, but sometimes Avished some ac cident would happen to knock either the malady or yourself out of existence. You imagined even the dogs looked at you with a sort of self-complacency. You thought the sun had a sort of sickly shine about it. About this time you came to the conclusion that you would ' not take the whole state as a gift ; and if you had the strength and means you would pick up Hannah and the baby, and your traps, and go back "yander " to " Old Virginia," the " Jarseys " Mary land, Pennsylvania, Kentucky or Ten nessee. "And to-day, the swallows flitting Round my cabin, see me sitting Moodily within the sunshine. Just within my silent door. Waiting for the ' ager,' seeming Like a man forever dreaming ; And the sunlight on me streaming Throws no shadow on the floor ; For I am too thin and salloAv, To make shadows on the floor- Nary shadow any more !" HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 79 The foregoing is not a mere picture of imagination. It is simply recounting in quaint phrase of what actually occurred in hundreds of cases. Whole families would sometimes be sick at one time, and not a member scarcely able to wait upon another. Labor or exercise always aggra vated the malady, and it took General Laziness a long time to thrash the enemy out. These were the days for swallowing all sorts of roots and "yarbs" and whisky straight, with some faint hope of relief. Fiaally, when the case wore out, the last ¦remedy got the credit of the cure. SNAKES. In pioneer times snakes were numerous, such as the r attlesnake, viper, adder,blood- snakes, and many varieties of large blue and green snakes, milksnakes, garter and watersnakes, and others. If, on meeting one of these, you would retreat, they would chase you very fiercely; but if you would turn and give them battle, they would immediately turn and crawl away with all possible speed, hide in the grass and weeds and wait for a "greener" cus tomer. These really harmless snakes served to put people on their guard against the more dangerous and venom ous kind. It was a common paactice, in order to exterminate them, for the- men to turn out in companies with spades, mattocks, and crowbars, attack the prin cipal snake dens, and slay large num bers of them. In early spring the snakes were somewhat torpid and easily cap tured. Scores of rattlesnakes were sometimes frightened out of a single den, which, as soon as they showed their heads through the crevices of the rocks, were dispatched, and left to be devoured by the numerous wild hogs of that day. Some of the fattest of these snakes were taken to the house and oil extracted from them, and their glittering skins were saved as a specific for rheumatism. Another method for their destruction was to fix a heavy stick over the door of their dens, with a long grapevine at tached, so that one at a distance could plug the entrance to the den when the snakes were all out sunning themselves. Then a large company of citizens, on hand by appointment, could kill scores of the reptiles in a few minutes. AGRICULTURE. In the earlier settlements of this sec tion, ponds, marshes and swamps abounded where to-day are found culti vated and fertile fields. The low and flat places were avoided for the higher grounds, not only on account of the wetness, but for sanitary reasons. Agri cultural implements were necessarily rude, and the agriculture of a corre sponding character. The plow used Avas called a "bar-share" plow, the iron point of which consisted of a bar of iron about two feet long, and a broad share of iron welded to it. At the extreme point was a, coulter that passed through a beam six or seven feet long, to which was attached handles of corresponding length. The mold-board was a wooden one split out of winding timber, or hewed into a winding shape, in order to turn the soil over. In the springtime, when the ground was to be prepared for the seed, the father would take his post at the plow, and the daughter posses sion of the reins. This is a grand scene — one full of grace and beauty. The 80 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. pioneer girl thinks but little of fine dress; knoAvs less of the fashions; has probably heard of the opera, but does not understand its meaning; has been told of the piano but has never seen one; wears a dress "buttoned up behind;" has on "leather boots," and "drives plow" for father. In the planting of corn, which was always done by hand, the girls always took a part, usually drop ping the corn, but many of them cover ing it Avith the hand-hoe. In the cultivation of wheat, the land was ploughed the same as for corn, and harrowed with a wooden-toothed harrow, or smoothed by dragging over the ground a heavy brush, weighed down, if neces sary, with a stick of timber. It was then soAvn broadcast by hand at the rate of about a bushel and a quarter to the acre, and harrowed in Avith the brush. The irqplements used to cut the wheat was either the sickle nor the cradle. The sickle was almost identical with the"grass hook" in use, and the cradle was a scythe fastened to a frame of wood, with long, bending teeth or strips of wood, for cutting and laying the grain in swaths. There were few farmers who did not knoAv how to swing the scythe or cradle, and there was no more pleasant picture on a farm than a gang of work men in the harvest field, nor a more hi larious crowd. Three cradlers would cut about ten acres a day. One binder was expected to keep up with the cradle. Barns for the storage of the unthreshed grain are comparatively a "modern in vention," and as soon as the shock was supposed to be sufficiently cured, it was hauled to some place on the farm con venient for threshing, and there put in stack. The threshing was performed in one or two ways, by flail or tramping with horses, generaUy the latter. The flail Avas used in stormy weather, on the sheltered floor, or when the farm work was not pressing ; the threshing by tramp ing commonly in clear weather, on a level and well tramped clay floor. The bundles were piled in a circle of about fifteen to twenty feet in diameter, and four to six horses ridden over the straw. One or two ha,nds turned over and kept the straw in place. When sufficiently tramped, the straw was throAvn intp a rick or stack, and the wheat cleared by a "fanning-mill," or sometimes, before fan ning-mills were introduced, by letting it fall from the height of ten or tAvelve feet, subjected to the action of the wind, when it was supposed to be ready for the mUl or market. RELIGION. The religious element in the life of the pioneer was such as to attract the atten tion of those living in more favored places. The pioneer Avas no hypocrite. If he believed in horse-racing, whisky- drinking, card-playing, or anything of like character, he -practiced them openly and above board. If he was of a relig ious turn of mind he was not afraid to own it. He could truthfully sing, "I'm not ashamed to own my Lord, Or blush to speak His name." But the pioneer clung to the faith of his father, for a time, at least. If he Avas a Presbyterian he was not ashamed of it,\but rather prided himself on be ing one of the elect. He prayed long and loud if the spirit moved him, and cared nothing for the empty form of re ligion. Missing Page Missing Page HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. CHAPTER -v. EAELY SETTLEMENT. To the reader of local history, this chapter is of general interest, but to the pioneer himself it is more. Here he has himself, and friends, and neighbors, as in days past they first sought out the western wilds and fought for existence in the wilderness. See him, as he takes the book in hand slowly, critically pore- ing over every word, recalling in his mind the pictures of a vanished past at the mention of some well-known name, or smiling as recollection brings back some ludicrous adventure in the early days of his settlement. His old associa tions, the trials and tribulations incident to anew country, the battles against hun ger and cold, while settlers were scat tered thinly over a large expanse of coun try. All these rise up before him as he reads. Even uoav, in raemory, he hears the wind moan round the humble cot tage that first sheltered him, and hears the wolves howl as they did in days of yore. The picture of the past rises up vividly before him, and he once more rejoices in the pride of youth. Noav the thought comes over him, that by and through his efforts, he has helped to make this wilderness blossom as the rose, and emerge from a state of nature into a well developed and thrifty land, and views with satisfaction the growing toAvns and villages and fertile farms that dot the landscape oA'^er. But perhaps the brow will cloud and the eye dim as memory's mystic voice recalls the dark and painful side of those early exper iences. The loA'ed wife of his bosom fad ing sloAvly away before the breath of the cold destroyer, or some laughing, prat tling babe, the joy of the household, laid away under the sod, in solemn silence, by the hands of rough-appearing, but sympathizing neighbors. Time has healed those wounds, but to-day, as memory is fast unlocking the chambers of the mind, the silent tear will Avell itself to the surface and drop as a tribute to the loved and the lost of that by-gone time. Notwithstanding the cares and adver sities that clustered roundthe cabin door of the pioneer, these hardy Argonauts led a happy life. Here all were free and equal, and the absence of the re straining presence of wealth and posi tion, was to him a source of comfort and satisfaction. The rough hospitality, the hearty feeling of brotherhood, among these vanguards of civilization, were the spontaneous overfloAv of hearts full of regard for humanity, and Avas practiced more as the natural prompting of their nature, than from any teaching of a christian duty. They were men in the highest acceptance of the word. 84 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. EARLY SETTLERS. For a few years preceding the advent of actual, permanent settlers, in nearly all counties, cabins, temporary in char acter, have been raised by a class of peo ple, the forerunners of civilization, that are not to be regarded as settlers at all. They are, generally, hunters and trap pers, who do not break the sod or till the ground, but live, almost exclusively) by the chase, and are but little removed from the red man, the original occupant of the land. That McDonough county had its usual allotment of this class of people, there is abundant proof in the traditions that are rife in many of the families of the old settlers, that when they came here, on such and such a sec tion, there was an old cabin that had been erected six, eight or ten years be fore. Who they were, where they came from, or where they went to is, at this late day, impossible to conjecture. Their names, even, are buried under the ashes of oblivion, and history has no lens powerful enough to discern them. The first actual settler, that is,one who made any improvements and tilled the land, of whom there is any account, is Eichard Dunn, who settled in what is now Hire township, in 1825, and culti vated about four acres of land. He had a cabin, and for about three weeks, in the spring of 1826, entertained the family of William Job, while the latter was building a log cabin for himself and his family. Mr. Dunn left this locality within a year or two afterwards and passed out of the knowledge of the few settlers that knew him. His cabin was situated upon section 9, and on the ar rival of Hugh Wilson, the latter took up his quarters in it, the owner having vacated it previously. In regard to Avho was the next of make a settlement within the limits of Mc Donough county, there is great difficulty to determine with the accuracy obligatory upon history, but the weight of testi mony, which has been carefully sifted, seems to give the honor to William Job. That old pioneer, in the fall of 1825, leaving his family in Morgan county, came to this county, and lived in the vicinity of the present site of Bland insville that fall, and picked out the land upon which he wanted to make a settlement. In the early Avinter he re turned to where his family Avere and there remained until the folloAving spring. Hardly had the snow gone off, than he and his family, in company with his brothers-in-law, William South- Avard and Ephraim Perkins, with their families came back to the land of prom ise and settled. Mr. Job took up a claim on the southeast quarter of sec tion 33, where he erected a cabin, the others locating south of him. A full account of his settlement is given in the history of Blandinsville township, to which the reader is most respectfully referred. Eiggs Pennington made a settlement on the northeast quarter of section 24, in what is now Industry township, in the spring of 1826. He located iu the tim ber, totally ignoring the rich prairie that lay so near his door, as did nearly all the pioneers of that day. Mr. Penning ton lived here for a few years when he removed to Knox county, Illinois. In 1837, he emigrated to Texas, where he died. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 85 William Carter in the summer of the same year located upon the northeast quarter of the southeast quarter of sec tion 26, in what is now Industry toAvn- ship. The settlement that sprung up around him was known for many years afterwards by the name of Carter's set tlement. Here, on this section, the set tlers erected, in the year 1827, a block house, or log fort, near the residence of William Carter, on section 26. This was a two-story affair, the upper story projecting about four feet over the lower one on all sides. It was built in this way because it would afford more ample pro tection against being set on fire by the Indians. Where the upper story pro jected holes were made, through which an Indian could be gently tapped on the head should he come for incendiary pur poses. The building was eighteen by twenty feet, with numerous port holes for the guns of the inmates. Luckily they had no occasion to use the building for the purpose for which it was erected. The soldiers that passed through this country, in 1831-2 to the seat of the Black Hawk war made considerale sport of this building, and of the idea of erecting one two hundred miles from the Indian country. But it should be remembered that the Indians were all around them every spring and fall, and like those of the present day, were a treacherous people. Carter, after some years, removed to Missouri. Stephen Osborne, in 1826, also made a settlement in the neighborhood of Mr. Carter, where he remained but a short time when he went to Knox county, and passed out of the knowledge of those left here. In the spring of 1826, John Yance, came to this county and locating at what Avas long known as Job's settlement, put up a cabin, and breaking up the virgin soil, put in a crop. All that summer he toiled to get his farm in shape, and in the fall he returned for his family which he had left behind him, and bringing them with him landed them in his cabin, in what is now Blandinsville township, December 24th, 1826. Mr. Vance re moved from here to Iowa, in 1854, and died Avliile in that state in 1866. William Dykeson made a settlement in the same locality about the year 1826, but resided there but a short time. Hugh Wilson in 1827, made a , settle ment on section 9, Hire township. He started from Schuyler county to go to some place on the Mississippi, near the Des Moines rapids, and when they arrived near the present village of Web ster, Hancock county, he was met by William Job, William Southward, and Ephraim Perkins, all brothers-in-law, who had settled in that vicinity a short time previous. Through the solicitude of Mr. Job, Mr. Wilson changed his course and Avent to the northwest part of this county, and settled as above stated. Here he erected a "half-faced camp," being nothing more than a shed with three sides and an open front. Preparing his ground, he planted it, and raised a crop. When his harvest was over he built himself a more substantial house, into which he moved, but only lived therein about two weeks, when a friendly Indian came to his cabin and gave the alarm by stating that a band of hostile Indians was coming that way, and he had better leave. This advice he foi- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. lowed, going to the Des Moines rapids. He afterwards returned to Hancock county, near the McDonough county line, as is detailed in the history of the township, further on. WUliam Stephens, located on a farm on section 24, in Industry township, in the fall of 1827. It was in his cabin that Eev. John Logan held the first religious services in the county in the spring of 1828. The next to make a settlement in the county was Benjamin Mathews, a native of Tennessee; but came to this county from Cass county, Illinois. He located in what is now Bethel toAvnship during the year 1827, and lived there until his death in 1878. Frank Eedden, a native of Kentucky was the next to settle at the Job's settle ment in 1827. He did not stay very long, but moved on further west, and eventually to Iowa. On the first day of January, 1828, William Pennington, a native of- Vir ginia, settled in New Salem township, at what is now known as Pennington's Poiiit, which was named in his honor. He was the first settler in that section of the county. He and his wife have passed away to their rcAvard, but several of their descendants are still residents in the county. Mr. Pennington lived in this county until 1881, when he died. John Logan made a settlement on first coming to the county in 1828, in Indus try township. He lived for a short time in the old fort, but afterwards removed to the house just vacated by Stephen Osborne. The next year he moved to Schuyler county, but in 1830, returned to this county, locating at Eock creek. John Wilson, a son of Hugh Wilson, set out for himself and came to McDon ough county,in 1828,al though he hadbeen here with his father's family a year be fore, and located upon a farm in Indus try township. He was married October 30, 1828, to Mattie Vance, which event was the first of the kind in the county. Mr. Wilson is still a resident of the township and county. Elias McFadden made a settlement in what is now Chalmers toAvnship, about one mile . south of Macomb, on section 12, in 1827 or 1828. He was accom panied by his son David, and a nephew, Wylie McFadden, afterwards his son-in- law. They lived here until November, 1834, when the two first named were arrested for the crime of murdering their neighbor, John Wilson, tried, con victed and hung in Schuyler county. A full account of the crime and its punish ment is given in chapter XIII. It was at the house of Elias McFadden that the first election in McDonough county was held. William Moore made a settlement in what is now Eldorado township, in 1828, on the place west of the Comber farm. The following year he went crazy, and was taken back to Georgia by his family. William Osborne is belicA^ed to haA-e been the first to make a settlement in what is now knoAvn as Scotland toAvn- ship, he camping out all the summer of 1828, on the banks of the Avater-course since known as Camp creek, from this circumstance. This Osborne Avas not Avhat may be truly termeil a settler, b.ut rather in the light of a temporary inhab itant. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 87 Elijah BristoAv made a settlement in Blandinsville toAvnship, on section 21, during the year 1828 or 9. He, in 1845, sold out and removed to Oregon. About the same time, John Woodside settled on section 16, in the same sub division of the county, where he lived for ten years, when he, too, left the county, going westward. Isaac Fowler settled in the Carter set tlement, on section 25, in 1828, where he remained several years. His present whereabouts is unknoAvn. John Baker, in the summer of 1830, came to McDonough county, and erected a cabin on the southwest quarter of sec tion 31, in township 6 north, and 2 west, on the site of the present city of Macomb. He was, or had been a min ister of the Eegular Baptist church, but was little given to following his calling, being too busy in the every day affairs of life. He was the first clerk, pro tem. of the county, and is noted at length in that connection. He was the first resi dent of the city of Macomb. With him eame Oliver C. Eice, who helped put up the cabin and who lived in part of it. He was to run a black smith shop, and John Baker a tavern, but for some reason Eice, in the follow ing spring, removed Avest of town and ran a mill. Pascal and Hess Smith assisted in the building of the double cabin. Lewis Walters made a settlement upon the northeast quarter of section 3, in Hire township, in the spring of 1829, where he resided until the fall of 1830, when he left the county. David Troxwell, in the spring of 1829, entered land on the northwest quarter of section 21, Chalmers township. He re mained but a short time, for in Novem ber of that year he left for parts un known. James Edmonston, made a settlement in 1829, in the southern portion of the present Chalmers township. He shortly afterwards removed into Bethel town ship, but after some years residence there migrated back to Chalmers township, locating on section 32. He afterwards removed to Schuyler county, where he died. , William O'Neal, a native of North Carolina, made a settlement on section 24, Chalmers township in 1829, where he remained a few years, when he removed to Iowa. William Edmonston, settled in Mc Donough county in 1829, locating upon the southwest quarter of section 26, in Chalmers township. He is quite noted in the official life of the county and is spoken of in that connection. He was a member of the legislature of three dif ferent states in his time, Indiana, Illi nois and Missouri. He left this county about 1842 or 3. Most likely the next family to locate in this county, was that of John Bridges He arrived in what is now Indus try township in November, 1829. He at once set to work to open up a farm, and resided here until the day of his death in 1844. He was a North Carolinian by birth, but was for many years a resident of Tennessee. He came here from Mor gan county, Illinois. Daniel Campbell, came to McDon ough county in December, 1829, and in the foUowing spring located upon a farm on section 10, in Tennessee toAvnship. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. He died in Greene county, Illinois, while on a journey through that place. His son, Daniel W., came with his parents, a,nd is still a resident of the county. A party by the name of Smitherton, squatted upon the northeast quarter of section 19, now within the limits of Col chester township in the fall of 1829 or spring of 1830, and remained there until the summer of 1881, Avhen he left for Morgan county. John Massingall, settled in Chalmers township, OH the southwest quarter of section 33, in 1829 or 30. He paid but little attention to farming, but gained his living by hunting. He died Avhile a resident of the county. A good, kind man, but carried the knife as the ugliest man in the state. John Bagby, a native of Virginia, located on the same section with John Woodside, probably about the year 1830. He removed to Hancock county after wards, but feeling dissatisfied there, re turned to this county, a,nd again took up his residence. He dropped dead, one day, while engaged in some household duties. Stewart Pennington with his family settled upon the northwest quarter of section 30, in Avhat is now New Salem township, in 1830. He was a nephew of the famous Kentuckian, Daniel Boone, and was himself born on the " Dark and bloody ground " in 1783. A history in detail is given of him in the history of the township, further on, in this vol ume. Michael Stinson came to McDonough county in 1830, and made a settlement southwest of Macomb. He was aji- pointed the first clerk of the commis sioner's court pro tem., but held the of fice but a short time Avhen he left and went westward. T. J. Pennington, a son of Stewart Pennington, came to Pennington's Point, New Salem township, in 1830. Here he remained a short time, when he removed to Industry township, south east of the village. He died in the township in 1875. Eichard Pennington, another son, al though but a lad of sixteen at the time, came with the family and is worthy of mention in this list of the old settlers of the county. He was born January 24, 1814, in Monroe county, Kentucky. He was married January 30, 1834, to Delilah Shannon. They settled, on their marriage, on section 30, and the old homestead is still the residence of Mr. Pennington. John Eogers settled in what is now Industry township, in the summer of 1830. He erected a cabin on the prai rie but in the fall moved it to the timber, but being caught by the falling snow before it was rebuilt, enclosed it in a tent and managed to exist in it all win ter on hominy without salt. In the spring he left, disgusted with the coun try. He afterAvards came back to Han cock county. Eesin Naylor came to McDonough county during the year 1830, and made a temporary settlement near Macomb. In 1835, he removed to Macomb and en tered upon his business of harness mak ing. He was, in early days, quite a character, and is familiarly spoken of as "Boss Naylor." He held several offi cial positions and is noted at length in HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 89 the chapter entitled, national, state and county representation. Dr. John Hardesty with his wife and children settled upon section 8, of Blan dinsville township, during the early spring of 1830. A sketch in detail of this eminent gentleman is given in the chapter devoted to the history of the medical profession of the county. Doctor Hardesty died in the month of August, 1875. The same spring of 1830, William Duncan came to the above township and made a settlement, but the follow ing winter drove him away. He after ward removed to Iowa where he died. Enoch Cyrus also settled in the same locality, at the same time. He farmed sometimes and taught school, being the first teacher in the township now known as Blandinsville. After a few years he sold out and went to Missouri and from there to California, when he died. Noble Owsley came with him and settled near him but only remained a year or so, go ing westward. David Clarke, made a settlement in the immediate vicinity of Macomb dur ing the year 1830, and shortly after the laying out of the city, moved there, and was a resident until the day of his death, in March, 1884. Nathaniel Herron, in the spring of 1830, took up land on the northwest quarter of section 3, in Hire township. He improved a farm, and lived on the place until 1855, when, being seized with the spirit of emigration, he went to Nodaway county, Missouri, where he has since been called upon to pay the debt of nature. Charles Shannon, made his settlement in McDonough county in 1830. He lo cated where the toAvn of Industry is uoav laid out. He was a native of Greenbriar county, Virginia, but early in life re moved to Knox county, Tennessee. In 1819, he removed to Gallatin county, Ill inois, where he lived until coming to this county. Mr. Shannon, like many others of the old pioneers, has passed to his reward, dying about the year 1858. John Huston, arrived in McDonough county on the 14th of March, 1830, and settled upon the northwest quarter of section 3, Blandinsville township. He was very prominent in county matters in an early day; was elected and served as a member of the general assembly of the state, in which connection is given a sketch in full detail. He died July 8, 1854. His son, William M., now a prac ticing physician in the town of Blandins ville, then but a small child, came with his father and mother. Charles Hill and David Fees, in the spring of 1830, settled on the northeast quarter of section 12, in what is now Lamoine township, being the pioneers of that sub-division. Mr. Hills is still a resident of the county, having survived the trials and hardships of pioneer life, and although over seventy years of age, is still quite active. At the same time, or very shortly after, John Hills settled upon section 12 of the same township, where he still resides. George Dowell, came to this county in 1829 or 30, and built a cabin in what is now Eldorado township. This place was occupied by Abraham Davis. Anson Mathews, in about 1830, settled at what was afterwards called Foster's 90 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. point, and sold out to Arthur J. Foster during the year 1831. Abraham David, Avith his family, set tled in what is now Eldorado township during the summer of 1830. He settled on a farm and resided there until 1863, when he died. He had come into the county in the spring and temporarily stopped in the Carter settlement, but moved here as above. John D. Barber, made a settlement in August, 1830, on the northwest quarter of section 20 of Colchester township, where he lived two years. He then moved to section 19, where he died in 1874. Eoswell Tyrrell, in the fall of 1830, came over from Fulton county, where he had settled in 1823, and put up a cabin on section 29, in Tennessee town ship. He then went back to bring his family; but did not return until 1830, in the spring of which year he made a per manent settlement. He died there in April,1872. A sketch in full detail is given further on in the history of Tennessee township. In the fall of 1830, Joel Duncan, father of Eussell and Charles, came to McDonough county. He made his home temporarily with his son Eussell, and commenced the erection of a cabin, but before he had it finished, the great snow of that winter came on, so thirteen peo ple were compelled to live all winter in that little cabin not over eighteen feet square. In the spring Joel removed south of his sons and opened a farm, where he afterwards died. Eobert Seybold, in the fall of 1830, made a settlement in Hire township. A sketch of this pioneer and his family is given in the chapter devoted to that township. A party by the name of Jesse Bart lett, a native of Tennessee, located on section 34, Walnut Grove toAvnship, in the fall of 1830. A sketch of him is given in its proper place in the chapter devoted to the history of that toAvnship. Truman Bowen, in October, 1830, located on section 3, in Chalmers town ship. He commenced to open up a farm but the year following his settlement he died. He was a Pennsylvanian by birth, but came here from Ohio, where he was reared. During the fall of 1830, Eedmon Grigsby and others of that family came to the infant settlement in Blandinsville and settled. Many of the descendents of the name are still residents in that quarter of the county, influential and prosperous. James Clarke, one of the first com missioners of McDonough county, and quite a prominent man in the history of this section, made a settlement upon section 12, in Chalmers toAA^nship, in 1830. He did not remain there long, but the following year moved to Macomb, where he lived until the day of his death in June, 1876. A sketch of Mr. Clarke will be found in chapter XII, under the head of county judge, he being the first to fill that honorable position. Eussell Duncan, Avas also a settler of 1830. He erected a cabin in which he installed his family on section 3, of Blandinsville. It was his intention to place it on section 4, but got it the wrong side of the line. He lived here until the spring of 1840, when he died very suddenly. With him came his brother HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 91 Charles Duncan, who Avas a single man. He made his home sometime Avith his brother, but moved to Hancock county.. Later he came back, but afterwards, during the time of the rush to Califor nia, he fell in with the tide of emigra tion, and moved to that Eldorado of the west, Avhere he uoav resides. Among the settlers of 1830, was Peter Hale, who erected a cabin in what is. now Emmett township, just west of where Macomb now stands, near the site of the old grave yard. He was the first coroner of this county. William Prin- gle, also, made a settlement a short dis tance west of him about the same time. William I. Pace, a Kentuckian, came to this county in the fall of 1830, and after spending the winter with T. J. Pennington, he made a settlement in the spring, on the place now owned by Eobert Venard, in Chalmers township, where he remained some five years, re moving from thence into the adjoining toAvnship of Scotland. He lived there until 1855, when he passed to "that land from whose bourne no traveler ever returns." Jacob Coffman erected a cabin on sec tion 8, Blandinsville township, in 1830, also, and made some improvements. After a few years he sold out and moved to Missouri, but subsequently returned to this county, where he died. James H. Dunsworth came from his native state of Tennessee, during the year 1830, and locating upon section 8, in Bethel township; opened up a farm. He remained upon this place until Au gust, 1860, when he was summoned hence by the angel of death. John Wilson, a native of Washington county, Kentucky, made a settlement in 1830, upon section 12, Chalmers town ship, where he lived until the fall of 1834, when he was murdered by the Mc- Faddens, as related elsewhere. Austen Coker, in 1830, settled down Avith his family upon a farm in what is now Industry township. He came from Jackson county, Tennessee. He died while still a resident of McDonough. Lewis F. Temple, a settler of 1830, came from Kentucky, and opened a farm on section 3, Chalmers township. In about 1835 he left for Iowa. John Scroggins made a settlement in Blandinsville township, on section 32, in 1830, but remained but a short time. He made some improvements and built a cabin, but sold out and moved farther west. On the first day of April, 1831, there arrived at the cabin of John Baker, which then stood on the site of the city of Macomb, the newly appointed clerk of the circuit court, James M. Campbell, he being the fifth settler of that town, the family of Mr. Baker consisting of four persons. Perhaps there is no man in the county, that has been more fully identified with the interests of it, who has been more active in advancing its- standing, or who has done more toward developing its resources than Mr. Camp bell. He held the several offices of county clerk, clerk of the circuit court, county recorder, postmaster of Macomb, and notary public for many years. A full sketch of this eminent and honored gentleman is given further on, in chap ter XII. He is still a resident of Ma comb, after a life of fifty-four years 92 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. spent there, honored and respected by all — still a sturdy survivor of early days. Thomas Palmer, located in Colchester township, on section 19, in the spring of 1831. He came from Morgan county, and returned to that place after about two years residence. Moses Henton and Lawson H. Eob inson, came to Macomb village in 1831, and opened a general store, a history of which is given in its proper place in the annals of that city. Jonathan Eeno, with his family, set tled in what is now Scotland township in the spring of 1831. He, after open ing a farm, disposed of it to Charles Hays. About the same time Eoland Lee and his son John, came to this township with their families and made a settlement. With them came Alexander and James, also sons of Eoland Lee, who were at the time unmarried, but who soon obtained partners and settled down. Cyrus Walker purchased the land which he owned here, of these Lees. About the same time, settlements were made in this locality by Josiah Huddles- ton, Anthony Huddleston, Berry Stock ton, Elhannon Lane, Benjamin Eice, Stephen Eice and others. Huddleston and his family, "squat ted" upon section 34 in Scotland town ship, where he remained until 1834, when he left the country. Berry Stock ton settled on section 33, of Industry township, in 1832, and remained until 1836, when he went to Texas. Nicholas B. Eodgers, settled in the village of Macomb during the year 1831, and died while a resident of the place in after years. John Anderson came from Columbia, Adair county, Kentucky, in 1830, to Lewistown, Fulton county, and in No vember, 1831, located two miles and a half west of Macomb in Chalmers town ship, on the northeast quarter of section 3. Here he remained until about Sep tember, 1835, he moved into Macomb, and purchased lot 1 in block 24, where the city buildings are now built, and erected a hotel which he operated until 1846, when he was called to his reward. He was a native of Washington county, Pennsylvania, and moved to Kentucky with his father in 1791, and settled near New Castle, Henry county. There he was married to Sarah Loudon. In 1808 or nine, he removed to Columbia, Adair county, and from thence to this state. When Mr. Anderson came here he purchased a claim of Lewis F. Temple, on which was erected a small cabin about fourteen feet square. In this small building, a family of fourteen were com pelled to pass the winter, one of the most severe ever experienced in the state. They were compelled that winter, to grate corn to live on as therC were no mills, and the corn was partially frosted and even had they had mills they could not have had it ground. Samuel Bogart came to Macomb during the early summer of 1831, and opened a small grocery. He afterwards, in 1832, commanded, as major, the odd battallion during the Black Hawk war. At its close, or in 1833, he went to Iowa. Salem Woods settled on section 30, New Salem township in the fall of 1831, although he had purchased it in 1827. He was a native of Pennsylvania. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 93 Hugh McDonough made a settlement in what is now Tennessee township dur ing the fall of 1831, where he resided many years. Although he has since died, several members of his family are still living iu McDonough county. A man by the name of Ladd came to McDonough in the fall of 1831, and took up his residence in a cabin already built on section 17, Colchester township, but left Avithin a year's time. Evan Martin, a native of Kentucky, came to McDonough county in 1831, and entered over ninety acres of land on sec tion 31, in what is now Hire township. Here he opened and improved a farm, and is still a resident of the township. Arthur J. Foster located on section 2, in Eldorado township during the year 1831, and made a settlement. On this farm he resided until September 23, 1843, when death came to his home, and took him from his family. He purchas ed the claim or the land held by Anson Mathews. In 1836, Mr. Foster built the first brick, house in the township. To him, also, belongs the credit of planting the maple grove in which the Cumber land Presbyterian church is now built. When he set it out he gave it out as his intention that it was for that purpose, and since his death, his wishes have been fully carried out. John Duncan made a settlement in Blandinsville toAvnship in 1831, and re mained a resident until his death, many years after. William Venard, made a settlement in Bethel toAvnship in 1831, on the place now OAvned and occupied by his son, George. Joshua Hunt made a settlement in what is now Colchester township, in 1831, on a farm about a mile west of the present site of the town of Colchester. He and his family remained on this place until 1839, when he removed to a house built on section 3. He has since been " gathered to his fathers " but some of the family are still residents of the county. James Fulkerson, in the winter of 1831-2, emigrated from Tennessee to Illinois, and remained the balance of that season in Jacksonville, Morgan county. In the spring of 1832, he came to McDonough county and located on sections 28 and 29, in Tennessee town ship where he remained until overtaken by death. In the spring of 1832, Willis Way- land, Sr., located upon section 34, in Chalmers township. He was a native of Virginia, but came to this county from Kentucky. He died while a resi dent of this place in 1861, David Jenkins and his sons, William and James, in the spring of 1832, came to McDonough county from Tennessee, and liking the looks of the land in La moine township, made a settlement there. The elder Mr. Jenkins is now living in Kansas, but the sons are both residents of this county yet. Amorig the other settlers of 1832, was Daniel Sandidge, who in the spring of that year located in Industry township, opening a farm. He stayed there until 1833, in the fall, when he removed to Eldorado township, and later to Schuy ler county, where he died in 1882. 94 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. John HushaAv was another early pioneer of the southeastern part of the county, locating in the toAvnship now known as Industry, in the month of April, 1832. Bethel township received another set tler in the person of Malachi Monk, in the fall of 1832. He located on the west half of the southwest quarter of section 7, and opened a farm. He made this his residence until April, 1840, when he died. His son, John Monk, came with him and took up the east half of the southwest quarter of the same section as his father, where he has resided many years. Section 33, Chalmers township, re ceived a settler in 1832, in the person of James McClure. He was a native of Kentucky, but came to this state in an early day and lived in Morgan county. He was quite an oddity in his way. He died a resident of the county. James Head came to McDonough county and settled in Emmet township, on section 5, in 1832. Here he remained until 1855, when he moved to the city of Macomb, where he lived until overtaken by death in 1863. In 1832, Joseph Smith made the first settlement in what is now Mound town ship, on section 18, where he remained until the spring of 1837. Joseph McCroskey, a native of Ken tucky, settled in Scotland township in 1832. He died in the city of Macomb. John A. Chenoweth was a settler in the town of Macomb during the year 1832; he was engaged in trade there for some little time, but left in 1837, quite suddenly. Eichard H. Churchill made a settle ment on section 14, in what is uoav Em met township, in 1832. Dr. Charles Hays located on the south east quarter of section 34, Scotland township, in 1833, purchasing the land of Jonathan Eeno. Section 31, in Lamoine township, re ceived a settler in 1832, in the person of Orvel Sherrel. He afterwards removed to Missouri, where he died. Elijah Poole, his father-in-law, at the same time settled upon section 30, and moved with him to Missouri, and is also numbered with the "great majority." Abel Friend about the same time lo cated upon section 30, but soon removed to section 20. In 1848, he emigrated to Iowa, where he afterwards died. His father and brother Charles also came with him, the former settling upon sec tion 8, the latter on 28. Martin Fugate made his first settle ment in this county in Bethel toAvnship, during the year 1832. He is now in Bushnell, but some of his children are still resident of the locality where the father settled. James C. Archer was also a settler in this locality the same year. John P. Kinkade entered a farm on section 5, in Industry township, in 1832, and putting up a cabin, entered upon the labor of opening up a farm. He re sided here for many years, but has long since been gathered to his fathers. During the year 1832, a settlement was made within the limits of what is now Lamoine township, by Christopher Yates. He put up a cabin and broke HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 95 about six acres of land, but soon left and moved to Hancock county. William McKamy, with his widowed mother, located in Chalmers township in 1832. He is still a resident of the county; his mother is dead. Eev. James King, a Tennesseean, made a settlement in Lamoine township in the fall of 1832 or spring of 1833, where he lived for many years. He was a minister of the Methodist Episcopal church, and a most excellent man, and had the respect and esteem of all who knew him. Charles Dunsworth came to McDon ough county in the fall of 1832, and re mained all Avinter Avith his son James, who had preceded him some two year's. In the spring of 1833 he settled on the northeast quarter of section 17, in what is now Bethel toAvuship, where he re mained until overtaken by death, in 1842. This brings the settlement up to Jan uary 1, 1833. After that the country began filling up more rapidly, until in 1835, over 400 votes were cast in the county, showing it then had a popula tion of nearly 2,000. The names given aboA^e are simply an index of what will be finished in, the histories of the respective townships, where will be found the accounts of the settlement of these and many other parties, in full de tail, which are not given here, to avoid needless repetition, which space and judgment forbid. HISTORIC FIRST ITEMS. The first child born in the county was James, son of John Vance, who was born May 18, 1828, on section 30, at what was then known as " Job's Settle ment," now Blandinsville. The first marriage in the county oc curred on the 30th of October, 1828, when Eev. John Logan joined in wed lock the hands of John Wilson and Martha E., daughter of James Vance, at the residence of the latter, in Industry toAvnship. The first death in the county was most likely an infant son of Isaac Fow ler, of Industry township, who died in the summer of the year 1828, on sec tion 25. The first school in the county was taught by a man by the name of George Dowell, in a log cabin on section 15, in Industry township, during the year 1830. The pioneer postoffice was that at Macomb, which was established in 1831, with James M. Campbell as postmaster, the date of whose commission Avas Octo ber 1, of that year. The first sermon ever preached in the county was delivered by Eev. John Logan, a Baptist clergyman, at the cabin of William Stephens, on section 24, in Industry township, in the spring of 1828. The first professional lawyer in the county was W. W. Chapman, in June, 1832. The first physician to locate in the county was Doctor Shuff, who settled in Macomb during the early part of 1832. The first newspaper was the McDon ough Indepeiideiif, first issued Septem ber 12, 1851, at Macomb. 96 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. The first term of the circuit court was held at the house of John Baker, on the site of the city of Macomb, on October 17, 1830, by Judge Eichard M. Young. Eichard Dunn is believed to have been the first white settler in the county, Ic citing in what is now Hire township, in 1825, and building a cabin and culti vating about four acres of corn that year. The first store opened in the county was in Macomb, by James M. Campbell, in 1831. The first town laid out in the county was Macomb, in 1831. The first cooking stove was brought into the county of McDonough by Salem Woods, to Pennington's Point, in 1832. James M. Campbell brought the second one to the county. The first Sunday-school in the county was organized at the old fort in Indus try township, two miles south of the town of Industry, at what is now called "the cross-roads," by Eev. John Logan, a Baptist minister. Eutherford McClure, of Teimessee township, laid the first tile for drainage purposes, in McDonough county,in 1872. He purchased the tile from Abram Hor- ricks, who established a small factory in Colchester about that time. CHAPTER VI EEMINISCENCES, INCIDENTS AND PEESONAL EECOLLECTIONS. The following account of personal matters is given to show the mode of life under Avhich the pioneers labored, and the incidents and stories of early life in the county of McDonough, during the embryoic stage of its groAvth. In the cases where they have been written by others, the compiler of this volume has in no case altered them, but inserted them just as they were handed to us. The expressions of an individual, as shown in the writing, are sometimes as good an index to character and peculiar ities as much as the painting or engrav ing. These incidents are interesting and well worthy of perusal. Whatever of romance adhered to the lives of the hardy colonists, was abund antly compensated for by hard labor. Contrast the journey of that devoted party through the roadless and bridge- less tract between civilization and their future home, with a company on a like journey to-day. Instead of weeks of labor and toil, privation and suffering, with cold and hunger, a seat is taken in a palace car, unexceptional meals are partaken of without leaving the train, the passenger retires upon a downy couch, and, in all probability, awakes to find himself at his point of destination in central or western Illinois, having HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 97 only lost a day or two on his journey. Those who enjoy these blessings would be less than human, if they were not filled with gratitude toward these early settlers, who paved the way, and actually made the present state of things possi ble. At that time the confines of civili zation were on the lakes ; Chicago was just beginning to be a village and Mil waukee was a mere vidette, an outpost of civilization. There was comparatively nothing in the now great state of Illinois, with her almost innumerable railroad lines spanning the state in all directions, except the intrinsic merit of the location, to attract people from their more or less comfortable homes in the east, or from on the other side of the briny deep. The hope as to the future, which "springs eternal in the human heart," was what lured them on, and although those who came were usually regarded by the friends they left behind, as soldiers of fortune, who, if they ever returned at all, would indeed be fortunate. They were a sturdy race, who realized the in equality of the struggle in the old states or countries, and resolved to plant them selves where merit would not be sup pressed by traditions. The men who came were, as a rule, enterprising, open-hearted and sympa thizing; they were good neighbors, and so good neighborhoods were created, and they illustrated the idea of the brotherhood of man more by example than by quoting creeds, with a bravery that never blanched in the presence of the most appalling danger, they never theless were tender, kind and consider ate in the presence of misfortune, and their deficiency in outward manifesta tions of piety was more than compen sated by their love and regard for hu manity. And if this meed of praise is justly due to the men, and it certainly is, what shall be said of the heroic women who braved the vicissitudes of frontier life, endured the absence of home, friends and old associations, whose tender ties must have Avrung all hearts as they were severed. The devo tion which would lead to such a break ing away, to follow a father, a husband or a son into the trackless waste border ing on the Mississippi, where gloomy apprehensions must have arisen in the mind, is above all praise. The A^alue of the part taken by the noble women who first came to this wild region cannot be over-estimated. Although by nature liberal, they practiced the most literal economy, and often at critical times pre served order, reclaiming the men from despair during gloomy periods; and their example of industry constantly admonished him to renewed exertion, and the instincts of womanhood con stantly encouraged integrity and man hood. As to the effects of frontier life upon those who have secured homes in the west, a few observations may not be in appropriate. Years ago the Eev. Dr. Bushnell, a noted divine in the east, preached a ser mon on the barbarous tendencies of civ ilization in the west, and on this the reverend gentleman predicated an urgent — and Ave almost said, frantic — appeal to Christianity to put forth renewed and 98 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. strenuous efforts to save the west from a relapse into barbarism. This tendency was supposed to result from the disrup tion of social aud religious ties, the mingling of heterogeneous elements, and the removal of the external re straints, so common, and supposed to be so patent, in older communities. Dr. Bushnell. did not have a sufficiently ex tended view of the subject, for in look ing over the history of the past, we find that in a nomadic position thera is never any real progress in refinement. Insti tutions for the elevation of the race must be planted deep in the soil before they can raise their heads in beauty and maj esty toward heaven, and bear fruit for the enlightenment of nations. The evils of which Dr. Bushnell was so afraid are merely temporary in their character and will have no lasting impression. What actually happens is this : At first there is an obvious increase of human free dom, but the element of self-govern ment everywhere largely predominates, and the fusion of the races, which is inevitable, will in due time create a com posite nationality, or a race as unlike as it must be superior to those that have preceded it. Even now, before the first generation has passed away, society in the Avest has outgrown the irritation of transplanting, and -there are no more vicious elements in society here than in . the east, as the criminal statistics will abundantly .verify. During the year 1831, Samuel McGee built a mill on Crooked creek, in Ten nessee township, and while he had all the neighbors helping raise the frame, Miss Martha McGee carried all the water and provisions to them from their house, a mile and a half distant, One day, while carrying their dinner to the force, she had an adventure that was startling, to say the least. She was on horseback, and she had scarcely gone a quarter of a mile from the parental roof when they were attacked by a pan ther. The scared horse, leaving her, ran off homeward, but she alarmed the men at the mill, who immediately started in pursuit. All that afternoon the chase continued and until the next morning, when Moses Holiday shot the animal and brought it home. AN INCIDENT. During the winter of 1832-3, in In dustry township, Eev. Philip Corder was at the house of Jonathan Eeno, for the purpose of holding services, the lat ter named gentleman having the largest house in the neighborhood at that time. It was a bitter cold day, and the rev erend gentleman had just arrived and stood by the fire-place long enough to get partially warm, Avhen the genial Jonathan, who was not a .professor of religion, (although his wife was), called Eev, Corder outside the door and in structed him not to preach a Avarmer climate for the her eaf ter,because his wife Avould surely leave him to seek a more genial climate. The family were from the State of Tennessee, and Mrs. Eeno Avas greatly dissatisfied with the severe Aveather they had experienced in this new country. Eev. Corder afterward acknowledged, in a conversation with a friend, that the HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 101 interview with Mr. Eeno had so taken him doAvn that he was almost at a loss to know what to say during the services which followed. In December, ' 1830, James Clarke went to Spririgfield, and, in behalf of the county, entered the quarter section upon which the old town of Macomb was subsequently laid out. For this service he was allowed the munificent sum of three dollars, Avliich was cer tainly well earned, for, while returning, he was overtaken by the big snow storm so well remembered by all the old set tlers, and it was with great difficulty that he arrived safely at home. The snow began to fall when he was between Springfield and Beardstown, and in a few hours time all traces of the road were obliterated, and the only way by which he could with certainty know he was pursuing the right course was by observing the trees and large weeds he had noticed in previously passing over the road. The recollection of this "big snow" is vividly impressed upon the mind of more than one old settler, and the remembrance of the horrors of that long winter will never be obliterated while their lives shall last. The snow began falling the night of the 29th of December, continuing to fall for three days and nights, until it reached an average depth of about four feet, drift ing in places as high as eighteen or twenty feet. Great suffering was exper ienced in consequence. The settlers relied for their daily food upon the Indian corn which they were enabled to raise, together with the wild game. which was abundant at that time. Plenty of the former was raised to sup ply the wants of all until the next sea son's crop; but Avhen the snow fell, but little had been gathered; game could not be had. The great depth of the snow was a barrier to all travel, and it may well be imagined the sufferings of the people were great indeed. In a let ter, published in March, 1876, in Clarke's Monthly, James Clarke thus graphically described the situation: "The SUOAV fell an average depth of about four feet, and remained on the ground for about three months. All kinds of wild game literally starved to death. Before the snow fell the deer were as fat as could be, and before it passed away they were so poor they ,were not fit to eat. Wild turkeys would fall from the limbs of trees. The morning after the snow fell my wife was about three hours shoveling it from our cabin. We then lived about one hundred yards from the house lately occupied by Isaac Haines, a little southwest of Macomb. I did not have , my corn gathered, and had a good sized family to feed, and had five horses and some cattle. As soon as possible I sent John Wilson, the young man afterwards murdered by McFadden, with the horses to Morgan county to have them kept through the winter. Each day we would have to go out to the field, and where we could see a stalk of corn stand ing above the snow reach down until he came to the ear, pull it off, gathering enough for the day. There were no mills in the country, and each family would, with a mortar and pestle, pound their corn so as to make bread. A few 102 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. were fortunate enough to have large graters with which they would grate up the corn. The first thing done each morning would be to build the fire and put on a big pot of water in which the corn would be thrown and boiled awhile, then taken out and grated and made into good, wholesome bread. This, with what game we could get, was what we had to live On during the long winter." " Several families came to the county that fall, and, of course, had no corn. All things were then held more than common. Those that had none Avere welcome to help themselves from their more fortunate neighbors, all that was required of them being that they should gather it themselves. Eesin Naylor, better known as "Boss" Naylor, was one of that class, and it was a little amusing to see him go out to the fields,walking for a time on top of the snow, on which a crust was formed, but now and then going through, getting his corn, and come in bloAvign like a porpoise and sweating dreadfully. But we all managed to live, and had good cause to be thankful it was no worse. The young men and women of this day have little knowledge of what a pioneer life consisted. Away out upon an almost boundless prairie, far from home and kindred, with an opportunity of hearing from them only every few months, it was dreary indeed, but how different it is now! However far the distance, they can be communicated with in a few moments time." BY HUMPHREY HORRIBIN. Mr. Horribin, a sturdy Briton who left his island home and came to this country in 1847, emigrated on account of the overcrowded state of that coun try, and the little chance there was there of rising above the position of a labor er for those who happened to be born in the humbler walks of life. Feeling within himself the consciousness of some thing more than the satisfaction of mere animal wants, he packed up his bag gage and started for the new world, where he had learned there was room for all, and no place too high for any to reach. After he had been here many years, and had reached a point of ease and competence he returned on a Adsit to the land of his nativity, and while there had a conversation Avitli a friend of his youth. Mr. Horribin, in giA'ing an ac count of it, prefaces it with these re marks ; " When I landed in this country I was poor as could be, haA'ing but two doUais in my pocket, and no expecta tions, but by hard work accumulated some property, being able to spend about a thousand dollars in making two trips to the old home to see the dear old mother. I may have vaunted somewhat about this but my object was to show my poor friends that America was the place for the oppressed and poverty stricken. While there I met with an old friend, a shoemaker, who remarked " If I had all the money that you have spent in going to, and coming from America, it would set me up in business, buy me a stock of leather that would last me as long as I live." " It is evi dent," I replied, "that I have either money or friends, or I could not do it." He then said " I wish I had gone to America with you, and when you did." I simply relate this fact to demonstrate that I appreciate the blessings of this. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 103 my adopted home, and to give a correct idea of the difference in the countries in this respect. REMINISCENCE OF ANDREW H. AVALKER. [Transcribed by liis son, Montgomery A. Walker] The Walker family settled in Pennsyl vania, but moved from there to Eock- bridge county,^ Virginia. My father lived about two miles from the Natural Bridge and frequently visited it with persons who were anxious to see the great curiosity. From there he removed to Kentucky, as did nearly all of his brothers, and settled in Adair county, in early times. The Indians had removed from there, but occasionally we would be excited by news of Indian depredations on the borders of the state. Some of the Walkers' went to Tennessee, and settled there. Some went to Ohio and Indiana, and many of the young generation to Illinois, Iowa, Missouri and Kansas. I went to school which would be kept one term of three months in a year. When about 12 years old I went to school in Columbia, Adair county, to learn the Latin language, after which I went into Green county to school and continued to study Latin. I boarded at my Uncle Andy McMahans. After that I again went to a school in Columbia, kept by Thomas Cheek and with him read Latin and some in the Greek Testament. I then went to John Sutton to study Euclid's elements of geometry and sur veying. I lived at home and went to his school in the country. After that I re mained awhile at home and helped brother Abner about his farm work. After I was grown I went to study law in Columbia, at brother Cyrus' law office, and boarded with him. On obtaining my law license, I went home and worked around the farm until our family deter mined to leave Kentucky and come to Illinois. Abner had been out to look at Illinois and spoke very highly of it as a state. Sanders W. Campbell determined to move to Illinois, and our family united with him and hired Alexander Walker, who had come back from Illinois where he lived, to move his brother-in-law out to that state, but his brother-in-law had made other arrangements, and his team Avas not wanted, so Sanders and me loaded our effects in Alexander's wagon and started to move to Illinois, in Sep tember, 1830, and were nearly a month on the road. Alexander landed us at his house, in the Irish Grove, Sangamon county, where we emptied our goods out of his wagon on the day after we landed, into an unfinished school house, where we staid befogged with smoke. Had to go eight miles to a horse mill and get a little corn meal to live on. We found that the ague prevailed extensively over the county and numbers of persons were moAdng away from the state on account of sickness. We staid about ten days in Irish Grove, and then nioved to Clarey's Grove, where we lived that winter, and rented ground in the spring from James White, on whose farm Sanders built a house to live in. We lived in a little cabin close by. During the last days of December there fell a deep snow, about three feet, and Avhich lay all winter. I had gone down on Indian creek, in Mor gan county, where brother Abner had moved and settled, and got a school made 104 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. up but did not teach more than a week until the snow fell which put a stop to the school for the time. I staid two or three weeks with Abner, waiting for the snow to settle, and finally we made a company to go to Clarey's Grove. We toiled nearly all day through the snow to get to that place, and were glad to get through the same day. We had to take our turns in breaking the road, each one leading awhile and then dropping back and let another go ahead. During that winter we had hard times gathering corn out of the fields to feed on, hauling wood and getting grinding at the horse mills, while the river mill on Sangamon river, at New Salem, was frozen up, and the roads snowed over deeply. Even beasts of the forest and fowls of the air had hard scuffling to live and got quite poor. Some people run down deer with dogs and horses, but when killed they Avere too poor to eat. Eabbits barked the sumach bushes as high above the snow as they could reach. People made jumper sleighs, toward the last of winter and went to mill in companies. About the 8th of March, 1831, we got sight of the ground on the high knoll in the prairie. Early the previous fall a snow fell that was about eight or ten inches deep, and we gathered corn while it was on the ground. That fall was Avarm and continued so almost up to December. In the spring of 1831, people had trouble to get seed corn that would grow, and we made two trips to Indian Creek to get some. After we got our corn planted, Sanders and I came over to McDonough county, to look for places to settle upon, but found none. After harvest we came again and I bought an improvement, or claim, on Camp creek six miles south of Macomb, to which we moved in the fall. That winter was very cold; the ice froze on the creek a foot or more thick and the prairie was iced over. I went back to Clarey's Grove and packed over some meat on my horse for our winter's pro vision. We lived in a log cabin, not hewed and not well finished. The chim ney had mud jambs and a sod or stick funnel. On the night of the 27th of Sep tember we had a severe frost. The corn was so badly frozen that it looked yellow, and you could smell it as you rode by the fields. October 4, 1831, we had a snow fall four inches deep. I bought an improvement of Wesley Moore, on the south side of Camp creek, below the McKamy farm, and moved to it in the spring of 1832. Sanders moved at the same time and settled on the west half of the same quarter. We rented ground, and had difficulty to get good seed corn, on account of the cold ness of the spring and frosted corn. We had to go to Beardstown and buy seed corn that was shipped from Kentucky, and planted our corn all over again. We also went over to Morgan county to get seed wheat. The latter did very well, as did stock of all kinds. Money was very scarce, aud we had- but little to market, yet taxes were very low and lux uries not necessary, and Ave got along with as little worry and discontent as people commonly undergo. Quintus Walker married Mahala Campbell, on Camp creek, on the 4th day of August, 1833. After a year or so Cyrus and Gilmer Walker and Dr. Hays moved to Camp creek. Gilmer settled and lived a while HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 105 on. Grindstone creek. From there he moved to a farm on the north side of Camp creek, and from tliere he moved to his farm in Walnut Grove township. I married Jane Campbell, on Camp creek, March 20, 1834. Brother Abner had previously moved from Morgan county, and had settled in the Bacon prairie, below Macomb, but from there he moved to Camp creek and built Cyrus a house on that stream. From there he removed to section 16, Macomb township, where he united with George Miller in building a mill, a short dis tance southeast from his place. While he was living there, Gilmer moved up to Walnut Grove, and shortly after we moved and settled on section 16, of the same township. The county all around us was open and unsettled, and game ranged over the prairie in gangs and flocks. We had good wood to burn and prairie grass to mow on our extensiA'e prairies. Prairie chickens were abund ant, as were also wolves. Wild fruits were also plentiful. Sometimes we attended camp meetings eighteen or twenty miles away. Quintus built a log cabin, in 1838, on the northeast quarter of section 16, Walnut Grove township, and Alexander Campbell built a log cabin on the north west quarter of section 16. His son, John, built a cabin on the southwest quarter of section 16, and I built one on the southeast quarter of the same section, but when the sale of the section came off, the east half of the southeast quarter was struck off to a higher bid der, so I lost it. The neighbors tore down my cabin, and helped me to move and raise it on the west half of the northeast quarter of the section. In a few years after we moved on to the section. Uncle David CampbeU and Eobert Perry moved from Tennessee to our section. Uncle David stayed two or three years, and then went back to Ten nessee. Uncle Eobert died of erysip elas. His wife, Aunt Peggy, moved back to Tennessee. Mr. Bishop settled west of us, six or seven years after we moved on the section. The Mormon war broke out and I went, at the call for the militia, to Carthage, and remained a few days and came home. It was awfully wet that season, 1844. John and David Campbell married Mr. Bridges' daughters, and Mary Ann Campbell married John Bishop. Abner Walker moved and settled in the Linn Grove about this time. Our peaceful and quiet time was interrupted by the appearance of a malignant fever among us, in the fall of 1845, which removed by death Alex ander Campbell, on the 17th of October, and my wife, Jane, on the 29th of the same month. In the fall of 1846, nearly everyone around us had the chills, but there were but few deaths. Not long after. Frost Combs, who had moved for the second time from Kentucky to this state, and who had settled on section 16, close to us, lost his son, Jesse, by congestive chills, and in a year or so moved back to Kentucky, where he lived a few years, when he moved to Kansas territory, where he afterward died. We continued to live on at a slow-jogging gait and plain way, improving our farms by little and little. Produce was low; 106 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. people hauled their wheat to the river mostly and sold it at low prices. We built school houses and started schools, although money was very scarce. After a good deal of speaking and subscribing a railroad was built, and then there was ,a rise in lands and produce, and the county rapidly filled up Avith new settlers. Taxes and expen ditures increased, and fashion and ex travagance grew upon us. The people were much in debt, and, to crown all, the banks were unstable and smashing up. EARLY RECOLLECTIONS OF MCDONOUGH COUNTY. [Thomas Fulliersoa.] The earth was covered with a heavy coat of grass of the blue stem variety, often eight and ten feet high. In the spring it was interspersed with flowers of every hue. The earth was mostly wet or marshy, and ponds of water were numerous, owing to the absence of drains, for a continuous sod prevailed about all over the land, so the roots ob structed the flow of water, and the high grass shaded the earth. Few roads, and grass often growing betweeii the tracks of the wheels. Wild game abounded on every hand; deer were often see in herds of 15 or 20. They seemed to be very happy, often playing and frolicing near to civiliza tion, and instances have been known where some old buck has contested the right of way with man, sometimes prov ing victorious. Wolves seemed inclined to court the acquaintance of man, or more especially of his pigs and sheep. Eing hunts were often resorted to for their special benefit. Every one for miles around starting for a common cen tre, making all the noise possible, aim ing to enclose all game in the circle. Language fails me to paint the scenes of excited man and beast as the ring was nearly closed; the beast to escape and man to destroy them. The scream of the panther was of common occurrence, whilst lynxes, foxes, catamounts, etc., were aiming to remain permanent citizens of our country. Faint hearted would be the old settler Avho could not recount numerous adven tures, hair breadth escapes, in which he was the principal hero. Snakes seemed to contest every foot of territory with man. The big timber, or yellow rattlesnake, the prairie rattle snake, blue racer and many other kinds seemed to flourish grandly. Snake dens Avere a familiar sight. Wild geese, cranes and ducks, filled our ponds and lakes in the spring of the year. The noise made by them could be heard for miles around and when they Avere alarmed, take flight and almost ob scure the sun from vision. Fires ran over the country, every spring and fall. Every one belonged to the fire bri gade, for it Avas no respecter of persons or places, as grass or leaves grew every where and roads afforded no barrier to it, so it went out only when it had noth ing more to burn or was surrounded. The man or Avoman be Avho would not fight for such a cause was considered too cowardly to exist. The pioneers were mostly of limited means and had to move slowly. Houses to build, farms to make, their dress was HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 107 mostly homespun, for store clothes Avere a rarity. They farmed on a primitive style, using barshare and cory plows, and other tools of similiar grade. They patronized the water mill, the horse mill — the hand mill — the mortar — the grater — and when these failed they took a trip to the river for their bread stuff, yet they lived well, mostly — often delicacies on their table, such as game, maple syrup, honey, etc. Among the prominent features of these times was the chills and fever, or ague, as it was called. Often three quarters of the inhabitants were its vic tims and such woe-begone visaged, hol low-chested looking set of folks were hardly ever seen; yet few deaths were caused by this disease. The above state of affairs existed for many years, for we had no home market, no railroad, telegraph, etc., and but lit tle capital to subdue our wild lands and build our future homes. [By Isaac Opp.] In the spring of 1842, I left Stephen son county, Illinois, where I had been living, and desiring to see my sister who resided at Cuba, Fulton county, I took passage with four Mormons, who had built a flat boat, and were going to Nauvoo. This was on the Pecatonica river. We had to float all the way, hav ing no way of propelling our craft. Our route was down the Pecatonica to Eock river, thence down to the Mississippi and by the "Father of Avaters," reach Nauvoo, which we finaUy reached. I remained here about two days, viewing the temple and other curiosities. I then shouldered my knapsack and accouter ments and started for Carthage, a foot, there being no conveyance. This was 21 miles away, without a house or fence between, and as ruy route lay inland away from any streams I suffered severely for water, and even got down and drank out of a cow track, it having - rained the night before. When I reached Carthage, my feet were past going any further, and there being no conveyance from there to Macomb, until Monday of the next week, when there was to be an extra coach put on, to bring Supreme Judge Stephen A. Douglas, and three lawyers to Macomb, I remained and came with them. I remained all night with the Judge and lawyers in the "Baldy" Clarke hotel, that was then on the west side of the square. The next morning I hired a team and man to carry me to Bernadotte, by way of Pennington's Point and Table Grove, crossing Camp creek at the head of Pennington's Point. There was nei ther house or fence across the prairie to Table Grove, and only one in the grove, and that was occupied by James Spicer. From Bernadotte I walked 10 miles north to CenterviHe, now called Cuba, where I remained two weeks, then started home to Stephenson county, via Peoria, Northampton, Indian Town, Princeton, French Grove, to Dixon. We arrived at the latter place at 11 P. M., this being the terminous of the stage route, and it having snowed all day and part of the night, I staid at the hotel till morning, when I contin ued my journey on foot. I crossed Eock river and went north to Buffalo Grove, which was 11 miles distant, there being two houses in the grove and none between Dixon and there, and scarcely 108 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. any road. There was no road from the Grove to Freeport where I had to go to get home. The inhabitants directed me as well as they could to that point, it be ing 25 miles from Buffalo Grove, there Avas neither house, fence nor water course to guide my steps, and no road except an Indian trail. This I took but when only half way, the shades of night began to hover around me in which I began to wander until I come to a Avagoii road leading east and west, which I af terward found led to Eockford and Cherry Grove. I took this road think ing I would soon come to some house or grove, but I did not, when at last being overcome with hunger, thirst and weari ness, I began making preparations for a night on the prairie. The grass was all burned off at this place except a little in the middle of the road. This I gath ered together as well as I could and made me a bed. The wind blew — so cold that I could not sleep, so I got up and went on as long as I could stand this, I kept repeating, always keeping- near the road so that if I should die some one might find me. The wolves were howling most hideously on all sides In passing on I came to where the grass was not burned. Here, had I been prepared with matches as a traveler should be, I might have built fire enough to have kept warm, but I commenced to make me a bed of grass in which I lay till morning, when I awoke and found that my feet and hands were frozen (the nails afterward came off). When I awoke there were three deer within a few rods of me. AVhen they saw me they soon took flight and were soon out of sight. From here I could see a grove a few miles distant, and to this I made my way as fast as circumstances would allow. On reaching this point I saw a house still farther on, and to this I made my way where I was kindly wel comed. Here, after partaking of a good breakfast and a sound sleep, resumed my journey, having sufficiently recov ered, and in my wandering during the night had not gone any out of my way for I had now only eight mUes to go to the Pecatonica river, which I waded, the distance from the river, home, Avas only one-half mile, but when I got there my clothes were frozen stiff. Indians at that time were plenty, but they were friendly. I remained here for about two years, when I made up my mind to come to McDonough county, and started, this time walking to Galena, and there tak ing passage in a boat named the Old Brazil, for Burlington, Avhere I remained over night, visiting friends. From there I came to Macomb in a hack, and from there I Avalked across the prairie and into the edge of Fulton county to my brother-in-laAv's, Jacob Eitters, where I reinained till May 3rd 1846. At the request of many of the old settlers, the following reminiscences are taken from the history of McDonough county, Avritten by S. J. Clarke some years ago, as they wish them preserved. RECOLLECTIONS OF JOHN AVILSON. Until 1848, when I was married, I cannot say that I ever had a home. On the thirtieth day of October, 1828, I was married to Martha E. Vance by Elder John Logan, with whom I yet live. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 109 When I commenced farming I had one horse and three cows. The first year I broke my land with a Bar shire plow, a wooden affair. I borrowed a wagon from William Moore, who was just from Georgia. He went crazy soon afterward and was taken back by his friends. After this I made a wagon myself en tirely of wood, the wheels of which were made solid and hewed out of a large tree. There being no iron about it, I had to keep it well soaped to keep it from being set on fire by the friction. I now had three calves, two of which I yoked together, and the third harnessed and used as a leader. With them I done my plowing, and hitched them to my wagon and done all my hauling of wood and rails, they being able to draw ten or twelve rails to the load. This wooden wagon we used for several years, going to mill with it and doing all my hauling. What little education I have, I got after we were married. Got a United States spelling-book and a primer, and at night, while my wife was spinning, would throw a quantity of brush upon the fire, having first placed in the fire place a large back-log, and lying down on the floor, by the light given, would study. Would do this after having worked hard all day mauling rails and other work. In this way I soon mastered my speller and primer and then tobk up the bible, reading it through twice, when I thought myself able to read anything. By the same course of study I obtained a little knowledge of geography and arithmetic. Game was very abundant in the early times, and wild animals were not uncom mon, such as wolf, wildcat, fox, lynx. badgers, and even the black bear. Deer were very plentiful. The strength and powers of endurance of this animal are wonderful indeed. I once shot and crip pled one, when the dogs attacked it and fought it a long time, until I got in an other shot, when it jumped about twenty feet away from the dogs that were hold ing it, and fell dead. Orie morning I heard my dogs barking and went to see what was the matter, when I discovered they were chasing a little fawn. Caught it and carried it in my arms to the house, where it grew up as a pet. One day some strange dogs came around, and, frightening it, caused it to break one of its legs. I tied it down for the purpose of fix ing it, when it endeavored to get away. At last it gave a powerful leap and actually pulled itself in two, thus killing itself. I have an old fiint-lock rifle, one traded for when I first came to the county. It was then an old gun and had done much service, but still to-day it is in as good order as it ever was, and as true as the modern breech-loader. As I roamed the wild forest, often this gun was my only companion, and it was always faithful. Many are the exciting incidents that could be related in connection with it; A short time ago one of my little grand sons desired to see me shoot it. To please the boy, I took the faithful old gun from its hook on the wall, and, as was my custom nearly a half century ago, threw it across my shoulder and started forth for game. We soon spied a squirrel in a tall oak. Took aim and fired. Though my hand was not so steady or my eye so keen as it used to be, I brought the little animal to the ground. I well remember quite an exciting 110 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. fight I had with a lynx, one winter. During the day a good sized calf had died, and that night it snowed. While out doing chores the next morning, no ticed some tracks near the carcass of the calf which I supposed were made by a panther, knowing it must be somewhere near by, I called my dogs that they they might trace it, but when they came they refused to go near it. Then went over to Vances for a couple of hounds Avhicli were glad enough for a fight, and soon had the animal treed; it was as large as a gray wolf and resembled one. Got my old flint-lock and determined to have a fight. I shot its paw a time or tAvo but it Avould not jump from the tree. Then shot it in the head knocking it down. The dogs Avould run up to it and each time would have great pieces of flesh torn from their bodies by the savage animal. I thought I would help the dogs, so got a club and waded in, when the lynx, dogs and myself had a lively battle, but we were too much for it, and at last killed it. For many years we kept the skin of this flerce lynx that had fought so hard for its life. Accommodations in Macomb in those early days were not so great as they are now. Wm. Shannon and myself were once summoned to attend court as Avit nesses, and when we arrived, the houses were all full and we could get no place to stop. We were compelled to go out of town a short distance, and crawl under a hay stack to sleep during the night. I used to raise large fields of cotton and we made all the cotton goods we used. Also raised flax, which we spun and wove and made into goods. We didn't buy many " store goods" then. Have on my place a log house built in 1829, now fifty-six years old, but we have out-grown it, and live in more modern style. Was born in Jackson county, Tennes see, November 2, 1806. REMINISCENCES OF R. L. DARK. I first came to McDonough county in 1829 and with my family camped upon Camp creek. The Indians were then still numerous in the county and often came to our cabin. My Avife could not rid herself of a natural fear of the red man, and desired to return to Schuyler county, from whicli we removed. To this I objected. Twice, while I was aAvay, she packed up all our household goods, preparatory to starting, but I re turned just in time to stop all such pro ceedings. Business again called me away, and had no sooner left than she again packed up, and loading the goods on the wagon, with our two little ones she started for the vicinity of Eushville. Met them a short distance from the Schuyler county line and tried to pre vail on her to return, but this time with out avail. No amount of coaxing could make her change her mind. As "the mountain would not go to Mahomet, Ma homet would have to go to the mountain," so went with her, and we settled near Eushville, where we lived about four years, and as a considerable settlement had been made near the present town of Industry, again prevailed on my wife to go with me to McDonough county, Avhere we settled on the farm on which we now live, on section 30, Industry toAvnship. We have never regretted so HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Ill doing, notwithstanding we have seen hard times, yet we belicA^e "all is for the best." MARTHA RUSSELL'S REMINISCENCES. My father, William Pringle, moved to this county in 1830, when I was a very young girl; but remember the occur rences of that day very distinctly. The "big snow" of that year comes to my mind just as vividly as if it was but yes terday. Was a terrible winter, indeed. For three long months we could hardly stir out of our house. My father settled west of Macomb, near the old cemetery; for a barn he used his wagon, and sheltered his horses un der the broad canopy of heaven, allow ing them to graze around upon the prai ries, they going out in the morning and home at night. Among the horses he had one we called "Old Bill," whowas as white as the driven snow. One day, while the horses were out, the prairie was discovered on fire, and soon all re turned in great fear but old Bill. The fire swept by, and old Bill came in, but now his color was entirely changed, he being as black as a coal, the fire having singed off every bit of his hair. By care ful treatment he was saved, but ever after this, when the smell of fire was in the air, he would scamper home in a hurry. About 1830, a man named Thomas Morgan married a widow lady with a lit tle girl about three years old. The little one had the chills and probably gave some annoyance to the man. One day he took her with him to the woods to gather blackberries, and, as he said, car ried along some coals to make a fire in case a chill should come on the girl. When he returned home the little one was noticed by its mother all stained with blackberries. Examining her body she found the inhuman wretch, her hus band, had with coals of fire, burned her body in a terrible manner, afterwards staining it with berries to hide the mark. Peter Hale took the little one to his house where she lingered about three days, when she died and was the third person to be buried in the old grave yard. The wretch was arrested, and there being no jail at Macomb, he was taken to Eushville for safe keeping, from which he escaped and was never after wards heard from. Thus the gallows was cheated out of a deserved victim. 112 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. CHAPTER VII THE BLACK HAWK WAE. The causes that led to this war reach away back to and beyond the Winne bago or Sauk war, in 1827. Prior even to that date the Indians upon the north ern border of Illinois, not only com menced hostilities upon one another, but, in 1825, extended their Avarfare toward the white settlements. A treaty of peace between the Winnebagoes, Sioux, Chippewas, Sauk and Foxes de fining the boundaries of the possessions of each, was entered into at Prairie du Chien, on the 19th of August, 1825, brought about mainly by the mediation of the whites in that neighborhood. But, in spite of the treaty, depredations and murders still continued frequent, and in 1827, their conduct, espeoially that of the Winnebagoes grew worse. It would seem, however, that the whites, who earnestly desired the removal of their red neighbors, used every means to ex asperate the Indians, and then exagger ated the amount of depredations com mitted. A combination was formed by the different tribes of Indians, under Eed Bird, a chief of the Sioux, to extermi nate the white invaders above Eock river. This league commenced operations by killing two white men near Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, June 24, 1827, and on the 30th of the same month they attacked two keel boats that were returning to Fort Snelling from Fort CraAvford, where they had conveyed military stores, and killed two of the crew and wounded f our others, before they were repulsed. Gov ernor Edwards anticipating trouble, had issued orders on the 14th of July, to the commandants in General Hanson's brig ade, located on the east side of the IlU nois river, to detach one-fourth of their respective regiments, and hold them selves in readiness to meet any attack of the Indians. He, also, on the same day, issued orders for the acceptance of six hundred volunteers. Under this call, one company of cavalry and four of in fantry were recruited and marched to Galena, but before their arriA^al, Eed Bii'd and six of his principal chiefs had surrendered and the campaign came to an end. While these troops were being recruited and proceeding to the scene of operation, the settlers Avere not idle. A committee of safety had been formed and agreeably to the orders of Governor Edwards, the miners in that part of the country were enrolled in companies and equipped, and temporary defenses thrown up. These hastily formed militia were placed under the command of General Henry Dodge, and formed an auxiliary force to the 600 regulars then under command of General Henry HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 113 Atkinson, U. S. A. These forces pro ceeded against Eed Bird and his war riors, but that chief came voluntarily into the camp with six others, among whom was Black Hawk, and surren dered. These Indians were detained several months, Eed Bird dying while in captivity, and some of them having been tried and convicted of complicity in the murder of white settlers were executed, December, 26,1827. Black Hawk,against whom there could be nothing proven, was acquitted, although he afterwards boasted of his connection with the mur ders for which he was tried. This was the end of the Winnebago war, and fear ful of another outbreak, the whites im portuned the general government for the removal of the Indians across the Mis sissippi. But through the system of red tape that characterises the action of the war department, this was not immedi ately done. As to the subsequent history that finally led to this outbreak, Edwards says: "About this time (1829) the president issued his proclamation, according to law, and in pursuance thereof all the country above Eock river, the ancient seat of the Sauk nation, was sold to American families, and in the year fol- loAving it was taken possession of by them. To avoid difficulty with the tribes, another treaty, confirming pre vious ones, was made with the Sacs and Foxes, on the 15th of July, 1830, by the provisions of which they were to remove peaceably from the Illinois country. A portion of the Sacs, with their principal chief, Keokuk, at their head, quietly retired across the Mississippi. With those who remained in the village, at the mouth of Eock river, an arrange ment was made by the Americans who had purchased the land, by which they were to live together as neighbors, the Indians still cultivating their old fields as formerly. Black Hawk, however, a restless and uneasy spirit, who had ceased to recognize Keokuk as a chief, and who was known to be still under the pay of the British, emphatically refused either to remove from the lands or to respect the rights of the Ameri cans to them. He insisted that Keokuk had no authority for making such a treaty, and he proceeded to gather around him a large number of the war riors and young men of the tribe, who were anxious to distinguish themselves as 'braves,' and, placing himself at their head, he determined to dispute with the whites the possession of the ancient seat of his nation. He had conceived the gigantic scheme, as appears by his OAvn admissions, of uniting all the In dians, from the Eock river to the Gulf of Mexico, in a war against the United States, and he made use of every pre text for gaining accessions to his party." Having rallied around him the war like braves of the Sac and Fox nations, he recrossed the Mississippi in the spring of 1832. Upon hearing of the invasion. Governor Eeynolds hastily collected a body of 1,800 volunteers, placing them under • command of Brig adier-General Samuel Whiteside. The army marched to the Mississippi, and, having reduced to ashes the Indian village known as "Prophet's Town," proceeded several miles up Eock river, to Dixon, to join the regular forces 114 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. under General Atkinson. They formed, at Dixon, two companies of volunteers, who, sighing for glory, were dispatched to reconnoiter the enemy. They ad vanced, under command of Major Still man, to a creek afterwards called "Still man's run," and, while encamping there, saw a party of mounted Indians at a distance of a mile. Several of Still man's party mounted their horses and charged the Indians, killing three of them; but attacked by the main body, under Black Hawk, they were routed, and, by their precipitate flight, spread such a panic through the camp that the whole company ran off to Dixon as fast as their legs could carry them. On their arrival it was found that there had been eleven killed. The party came straggling into camp all night long, four or five at a time, each squad positive that all who were left behind were mas sacred. For a long time afterward Major Still man and his men were subjects of ridi cule and merriment, which was as unde serving as their expedition was disas trous. Stillman's defeat spread conster nation throughout the state and nation. The number of Indians was greatly exaggerated, and the name of Black Hawk carried with it great military talent, savage cunning and cruelty. A regiment feent to spy out the coun try betweeii Galena and Eock Island, was surprised by a party of 70 Indians, and was on the point of being thrown into disorder, Avhen General Whiteside then serving as a private, shouted out that he would shoot the first man who turned his back on the enemy. Order being restored, the battle began. At its very outset General Whiteside shot the leader of the Indians, who thereupon commenced a hasty retreat. In June, 1832, Black Hawk, with a band of one hundred and fifty warriors, attacked the Apple Eiver fort, near Ga lena, defended by twenty-five men. This fort, a mere palisade of logs, was erected to afford protectiou to the min ers. For fifteen consecutive hours the garrison had to sustain the asault of the savage enemy; but knowing very well - that no quarter would be giren them, they fought with such fury and despera tion that the Indians, after losing many of their warriors, were compelled to re treat. Another party of eleven Indians mur dered two men near Fort Hamilton. They Avere afterward overtaken by a company of twenty men, and every one of them killed. A new regiment, under the command of General Atkinson, assembled , on the banks of the Illinois, in the latter part of June. Major Dement with a small party, was sent out to reconnoiter the movements of a large body of Indians, whose endeavors to surround him made it advisable for him to retire. Upon hearing of this engagement. General Atkinson sent a detachment to intercept the Indians, while he with the main body of his army, moved north to meet the Indians under Black Hawk. They moved slowly and cautiously through the country, passed through Turtle Vil lage, and marched up along Eock river. On their arrival news was brought of the discovery of the main trail of the Indians. Considerable search was made but they were unable to discover any HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 115 vestige of Indians save two, who had shot two soldiers the day previous. Hearing that Black Hawk was en camped on Eock river, at the Manitou village, they resolved at once to advance upon the enemy, but in the execution of their design they met with opposition from their officers and men. The offi cers of General Henry handed to him a written protest ; but he, a man equal to any emergency, ordered the officers to be arrested and escorted to General Atkin son. Within a few minutes after the stern order was given, the officers all collected around the General's quarters, many of them Avith tears in their eyes, pledging themselves that if forgiven they would return ta duty and never do the like again. The General rescinded the order, and they at once resumed duty. General Henry marched, on the 15th of July, in pursuit of the Indians, reaching Eock river after three days' journey, where he learned Black Hawk was encamped further up the river. On July 19, the troops were ordered to com mence their march. After having made 50 miles, they were overtaken by a ter rible thunder storm, which lasted all night. Nothing cooled, however, in their courage and zeal, they marched again 50 miles the next day, encamping near the place where the Indians en camped the night before. Hurrying along as fast as they could, the infantry keeping up an equal pace with the mounted force, the troops, on the morn ing of the 21st, crossed the river con necting two of the four lakes, by which the Indians had been endeavoring to es cape. They found, on their way, the ground strewn with kettles and articles of baggage, which, in the haste of re treat, the Indians were obliged to throw away. -The troops, inspired with new ardor, advanced so rapidly that at noon they fell in with the rear guard of the Indians. Those who closely pursued them were saluted by a sudden fire of musketry from a body of Indians who had concealed themselves in the high grass of the prairie. A most desperate charge was made upon the Indians, who, unable to resist, retreated obliquely in order to outflank the voulunteers on the right; but the latter charged the In dians in their ambush and expelled them from their thickets at the point of the bayonet, and dispersed them. Night set in and the battle ended, having cost the Indians sixty-eight of their bravest men, while the loss of the Illinoisans amounted to but one killed and eight wounded. Soon after this battle, Generals At kinson and Henry joined their forces and pursued the Indians. General Henry struck the main trail, left his horses behind, formed an advance guard of eight men, and marched forward upon their trail. When these eight men came in sight of the river, they were suddenly fired upon, and five of them killed, the remaining three main taining their ground till General Henry came up. Then the Indians charged upon with the bayonet, fell back upon their main force; the battle now became general; the Indians fought with des perate valor, but were furiously assailed by the volunteers with their bayonets, cutting many of the Indians to pieces and driving the rest into the rfver. 116 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Those who escaped from being drowned found refuge on an island. On hearing the frequent discharge of musketry, in dicating a general engagement. General Atkinson abandoned th e pursuit of the twenty Indians under Black Hawk him self, and hurried to the scene of action, where he arrived too late to take part in the battle. He immediately forded the river with his troops, the water reaching up to their necks, and landed on the island where the Indians had secreted themselves. The soldiers rushed upon the Indians, killed several of them, took the others prisoners, and chased the rest into the river, where they were either drowned or shot before reaching the op posite shore. Thus ended the battle, the Indians losing three hundred, be sides fifty prisoners; the whites, but seventeen killed and twelve wounded. Black Hawk, Avith his twenty braves, retreated up the Wisconsin river. The Winnebagos, desirous of securing the friendship of the whites, went in pursuit and captured and delivered them to Gen. Street, the United States Indian agent. Among the prisoners were the son of Black Hawk and the prophet of the tribe. These, with Black Hawk, were taken to Washington, D. G, and soon consigned as prisoners at Fortress Monroe. By order of the president, Black Hawk and his companions, who were in confine ment at Fortress Monroe, were set free on the 4th day of June, 1833. After their release from prison they were conducted in charge of Major Gar land, through some of the principal cities, that they might witness the power of the United States and learn their in ability to cope with them in war. Great multitudes flocked to see them wherever they were taken, and the attention paid them rendered their progress through the country a triumphal procession, in stead of the transportation of prisoners by an officer. At Eock Island the pris oners were given their liberty amid great and impressive ceremony. After this, all times when Black Hawk visited the whites he was received Avith marked attention. He was an honored guest at the old settlers' reunion in Lee county, Illinois, at some of their meet ings, and received marked tokens of es teem. In September, 1838, while on his way to Eock Island to receive his annu ity from the government, he contracted a severe cold, which resulted in a severe attack of bilious fever, and terminated his life October 3. After his death he was dressed in the uniform presented to him by the president while in Washing ton. He was buried in a grave six feet in depth, situated upon a beautiful em inence. The body was placed in the middle of the grave, in a sitting positioii upon a seat constructed for the purpose. On his left side the cane given him by Henry Clay was placed upright, with his right hand resting upon it. His re mains were afterwards stolen and car ried away, but they were recovered by the governor of Iowa, and placed in the museum of the historical society at Bur- lington,where they were finally destroyed by fire. During this war, in June, 1832, a bat talion of men was raised in this and War ren counties, under a proclamation of the governor, dated May 20, 1832. This was a company or battalion of mounted rang ers, the battalion under the command Missing Page Missing Page HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 119 of Major Samuel Bogart. The detach ment moved from Macomb, where it was organized, to Oquawka where they were stationed for the purpose of guarding the frontier. The battalion was mounted, each man furnishing his oavu horse. They never saw any special service, but, were out some eighty-six days, at the ex- piratiori of which time they returned to Macomb and were discharged. They received eighty-six cents per day for man and horse, besides rations and for age, arid subsequently received from the government a bounty of eighty acres of land. The following is a roster of those from this county who were in this body of defenders, taken from the official record, supplemented by the memories of some of th^ survivors: Second liieutenant: John Wilson. Sergeants: Abraham Dover, Asa Cook. Coiporal : Lewis F. Temple. Privates: Moses Booth, J. M. Campbell, David Clarke, Jacob CoflFmaii, Isaac Craushaw, Thomas Carter, Andrew Calhoun, Uriah Cook, Daniel Campbell, Berry Jones, John Jones, Iraby Job, Larkiu Osborn, John McFadden, Jeff. Pennington, John L. Russell, William Sacket, William Southward, George Tetherow, James Tetherow. Orseraus Ferington, Nicholas Campbell, John Hardesty, Peter Hays, Nathaniel Hays, J. C. Head, Shadrach Goens, John Jackson, Lace Jones, Zachariah Kirkland, John Lathrop, Isaac Morris, Solomon Qgborne, S. P. Lewis, Langley, P. H, Smith, Shannon, David TetheroAv, William Tetherow, F. C. Tomberlin. CHAPTER VIII THE MOEMONS AND THE MOEMON AVAE. In the years 1839-40, several families of that very peculiar people, the Mor mons, settled in McDonough county. They came as refugees from Missouri, being driven from that state by the in furiated people whom they had persist ently robbed and despoiled. Claiming that they were persecuted on account of their religion, they appealed to the sym pathies of the people, and were received with favor. These peculiar religious en thusiasts, called themselves "the church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints," and are a sect formed on a basis of re ligion founded by Joseph Smith, at Manchester, New York, in 1830. This 120 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. man was a native of Sharon, Windsor county, Vermont, and was born Decem ber 23, 1805. His parents being quite poor he received little or no education. When he was ten years old his parents removed to Palmyra, Wayne county. New York. Here his extreme youth was spent in idle, vagabond life, roaming the woods, dreaming of buried treasures, and exerting himself to learn the art of finding them by the twisting of a forked stick in his hands, or by looking through enchanted stones. He, and his father before him, were what are called ' water witches,' always ready to point out the ground where wells might be dug and water found, and many are the anecdotes of his early life, giving bright promise of future profligacy. Such was Joe Smith when he was found by Sidney Eigdon, who was a man of considerable talent and information. The distinguishing peculiarities of the sect founded by Smith are, in religious aspects, the belief in a continual divine revelation through the inspired medium of the prophet at the head of the church; in moral respects, the practice of poly gamy; and in social respects a complete hierarchical organization. The govern ment of the Mormons, is a pure theoc racy; its officers form a complete priest hood. The supreme power, spiritual and temporal, rests with the first president, elected by the whole body of the church and two coadjutors, the council of the twelve apostles, and of the seventy disci ples; then the order of high priests, bishops, elders, priests, teachers and dea cons. Of all these one alone is head, the prophet — the seer — and he alone has the right of working miracles, and receiving revelations. This belief in a continual divine revelation through the prophet — a belief which enjoins absolute obedi ence to the commands of the revelation on the part of the persons who accept it, is the corner stone of the social building of Mormonism, the only vital agency in its history, the whole secret of its success ; and the day it dies out Mormonism is nothing but a heap of nonsense. The Mormons accept both the bible and the book of Mormon as divine" revelations, but they hold them both subject to the explanations and corrections of the prophet. This book of Mormon was the record by which Joseph Smith, the founder of the faith, first introduced himself to the world, the guaranty he gave for the divine character of his vis ion. His story was that an angel from heaven appeared before hiTn and told him where this book, the bible of the western continent, the supplement of the new testament, was hidden. On the spot designated by the heavenly visi tor. Smith found in a stone box a volume six inches thick and composed of thin gold plates, eight inches by seven, held together by three gold rings. These plates were covered with characters in an unknown tongue, but beside the volume he also found Urim and Thummin, a sort of supernatural spectacles, which ena bled him to read and understand the characters. Sitting behind a curtain drawn across the room, he then dictated a translation — for he could not write himself — to his secretary, Oliver Cow drey, and his translation was printed in 1830, accompanied by testimonials from eleven persons prominent among whom Avere Martin Harris and David White- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 121 more, who had seen the golden plates before they unfortunately disappeared. Itwas soon proved beyond doubt that the book of Mormon was simply a sort of historical romance written in 1812, by one Solomon Spalding, a Presbyterian minister of Ohio, avIio indulged in that kind of pseudo history, though he never succeeded in getting his productions published, and that the manuscript had been lost in a printing office, in Pitts burg under the hands of an apprentice, Sidney Eigdon, who in 1829 became an associate of Joseph Smith. The book pretends to give the history of America up to the fifth century of our era; the first settlement of the country after the destruction of the tower of Babel, and the dispersion of the nations; the sec ond settlement in the sixth century, B. C. by L^hi and his sons, arriving directly from Jerusalem ; the origin of the Amer ican Indians from the unfaithful Jews who were condemned to have dark skins; .the arrival and preaching of Christ in America; the final destruction of the faithful; and the command of God to the prophet Mormon to -write down an abridgement of all these events and hide the volume. AVith this book as the basis of his teaching. Smith began to preach, and in January, 1831, he led the first Mormon congregation, consisting of thirty members, from Manchester, New York, to Kirtland, Ohio, which became the headquarters of the sect for the next seven years. The great body of these people then migrated to Missouri, but their conduct growing obnoxious to their neighbors, they were kept in a state of actual warfare, and at the close of 1838, they were driven from that state. They crossed the Mississippi, and founded the city of Nauvoo, in Illinois, where they liA'ed for seven years. Several families, as mentioned previously came to this county and located. Says Mr. Clarke, in his History of McDonough county : "In the summer of 1843, George Mil ler, then a member of the Presbyterian church, in Macomb, living in that town, and in a house on the corner of east Carroll and north Eandolph streets, made a trip to Nauvoo, returning appar ently Avith not a very favorable opinion of the "saints," unless we except Joe Smith, the prophet. Still, as occasion offered, he Avould refer to the Mormons and express a desire to again hear them preach. He said to the citizens of Macomb that if they desired to hear, he would have Joe Smith come over and preach for them. A few days later he went to the woods, near the present tovm of Bardolph, in search of black berries. After a little he threw up his arms, screamed and fell to the ground. He was taken up, a bed was provided, and he was taken home. Dr. J. B. Kyle was called in and relieved him of about a quart of blood, and gave him a good, strong dose of calomel. The beginning of this fit occurred about the middle of the afternoon on Thursday, and for forty-eight hours he continued to rave. About the middle of thfe afternoon on Saturday, a couple of men, on horse back, rode up to the square,' and meeting AVilliam Hamilton, now of Bushnell, inquired if he knew where George Mil ler lived. Being directed to the place, they rode over, and tying their horses, went into the house, knelt down by the bedside of the sick man, commenced 122 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. praying in a loud tone. On the conclu sion of their prayer, they arose, and laid their hands upon Mr. Miller. This they repeated, calling upon Mr. M. to have faith — by faith all things were possible. In a few moments he became calm, and soon was sitting up in bed, and the next day was as well as ever, though a little weak. He was indeed well enough to attend the preaching of these saints, one of whom was the renowned Sidney Eigdon. Whether all this was a 'put up job' between Mr. Miller and the saints, we know not. Suffice it to say that on Monday morning Mr. Miller was baptised in the creek north of town, and in a few days he removed to Nauvoo and became a leader in the Mormon people." In 1840, these peple began to figure in the politics of the state, and in August, 1843, during the congressional contest between Cyrus AValker and James P. Hoge, both, parties labored to secure the vote of the Mormons, as is related in the chapter on politics, in this volume. During all this time the Mormons had' continued to increase in numbers until they had become a powerful body. As they grew in strength, they became ar rogant, and, under the assumption that "the earth was the Lord's, and the full ness thereof," and that they being his peculiar people, were entitled to all the fruits of it, the Gentiles having no rights which they were bound to respect. This doctrine led to considerable trouble between the "saints" and those who were not disposed to accept it. Much stock disappeared from all parts of the county, a great deal of it being found in the "holy city. But when found, it was extremely difficult to regain possession. Under a provision of the city charter of Nauvoo, the Mormons enacted "that no writ issued from any other place, for the arrest of any of her citizens, should be recognized in the city, without an approval endorsed thereon by the mayor; that if any public officer, by virtue of any foreign writ, should at tempt to make an arrest in the city, without such approval of his process, he should be subject to imprisonment for life; and that even the governor of the state should not have the power of pardoning the offender without the con sent of the mayor." If an attempt was made to obtain property by a Avrit of replevin, witnesses without number would promptly swear it belonged to some Morman claimant. The following is a case in point: A gentleman living in the southern part of this county had a valuable horse stolen, which he after ward found in Nauvoo, and seized During the trial resulting therefrom he • had sixty witnesses to identify the horse as his property, but the Mormons brought forward seventy to prove that it belonged to some "saint," and having a preponderance of testimony, the Mor mon justice decided in favor of his brother. The citizens of Hancock county sub mitted to this state of affairs until en durance ceased to be a virtue, and the governor was appealed to for aid. This assistance was asked more especially on account of the failure to arrest Joseph Smith and other leading Mormons for engaging in a riot in destroying 'the office of an anti-Mormon paper. A Avar- rant was issued at Carthage and served HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 123 upon them, Avlien they were taken at once to the municipal court, at Nauvoo, on a writ of habeas corpus, and dis charged froin custody. Trouble now began and an armed force of the militia of the state gathered at Carthage, where Governor Ford ar rived on the 23d of June, 1844. He organized the troops and when all was ready sent for the leaders of the Mor mons to Appear before him. No apology is necessary for the full length quota tion from the able history of Governor Ford's history of Illinois, as he was an eye-witness and a prominent actor in these scenes. - "It appeared clearly, both from the complaints of the citizens and the ac knowledgments of the Mormon commit tee, that the whole proceedings of the mayor, the common council, and the municipal court, were irregular and ille gal, and not to be endured in a free country; though perhaps some apology might be made for the court, as it had been repeatedly assured by some of the best lawyers in the state who had been candidates for office before that people, that it had full and competent power to issue writs of habeas corpus in all cases whatever. The common council violated the law in assuming the exercise of judi cial power; in proceeding ex-parte with out notice to the owners of the property; in proceeding against the property in - rem, in not calling a jury; in not swear ing all the witnesses ; in not giving the owners of the property,accused of being a nuisance, in consequence of being libelous, an opportunity of giving the truth in evidence; and in fact, by not proceeding by civil suit or indictment. as in other cases of libel. The mayor violated the law in ordering this errone ous and absurd judgment of the common council to be executed, and the munici pality erred in discharging them from arrest. "As this proceeding touched the liberty of the press, which is justly dear to any republican people, it was well cal culated to raise a great flame of excite ment. And it may well be questioned whether years of misrepresentation by the most profligate newspaper could have engendered such a feeling as was pro duced by the destruction of this one press. It is apparent that the Mormon leaders but little understood, and re garded less, the true principles of civil liberty. A free press, well conducted, is a great blessing to a free people. A profligate one is likely soon to deprive itself of all credit and influence by the multitude of falsehoods put forth by it. But let this be as it may, there is more lost to rational liberty by a censorship of the press, by suppressing informa tion proper to be known by the people, than can be lost by an individual now and then by a temporary injury tp his character and influence by the utmost licentiousness. "It was asserted that Joe Smith, the founder and head of the Mormon church, had caused himself to be crown ed and anointed king of the Mormons; that he had embodied a band of his fol lowers called 'Danites,' who were SAvorn to obey him as God, and to do his com mands, murder and treason not excepted; that he had instituted an order in the church whereby those Avho composed it 124 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. were pretended to be sealed up to eter nal life against all crimes, save the shed ding of innocent blood, or consenting thereto; that this order was instructed that no blood was innocent blood except that of the members of the church; and that these two orders were made the ministers of his vengeance, and the in struments of an intolerable tyranny which he had established over his peo ple, and which he was about to extend over the neighboring country. The people affected to believe that with this power in the hands of an un scrupulous leader there was no safety for the lives or property of any one who opposed him. They affected likewise to believe that Smith inculcated the legal ity of perjury, or any other crime in de fense or to advance the interests of true believers ; and that himself had set them the example by swearing to a false accu sation against a certain person for the crime of murder. It was likcAvise as serted to be a fundamental article of the Mormon faith that God had given the world and all it contained to them as his Saints; that they secretly believed in their rights to all the goodly lands, farms and property in the country; that at present they were kept out of their rightful inheritance by force; that con sequently there was no moral offense in anticipating God's good time to put them in possession by stealing if oppor tunity offered; that in fact the whole church was a community of murderers, thieves, robbers, and outlaws; that Jos eph Smitii had established a bogus fact ory in Nauvoo for the manufacture of counterfeit money, and that he main tained about his person a tribe of swin dlers, blacklegs, and ' counterfeiters to make it and put it into circulation. " It was also believed that he had an nounced a revelation, from heaven san- tioning polygamy, by a kind of spiritual wife system, whereby a man was allowed one wife in pursuance of the laws of the country, and an indefinite number of others to be enjoyed in some mystical and, spiritual mode; and that he himself, and many of his followers, had prac ticed upon the principles of this revela tion by seducing a large nuinber of women. " It was also asserted that he was in alliance with the Indians of the western territories, and had obtained over them such a control that in case of a war he could command their assistance to miu'- der his enemies. ¦ * * * * " But the great cause of popular fury was that the Mormons at several preced ing elections had cast their Aote as a unit, thereby making the fact apparent that no one could aspire to the honors of the offices of the country Avithin the sphere of their influence, AAdthout their approbation and votes. It appears to be one of the principles upon Avliich they insist upon being governed as a com munity, to act as a unit in all matters of government and religion. They express themselves to be fearful that if division should be encouraged in politics, it would soon extend to their religion and rend their church with schism and into sects." The governor now held several con ferences Avitli the Mormon leaders, and it was finally agreed that Smitii and some of tliose highest in the council of HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 125 the Mormon church, would come for ward and surrender themselves, and stand a trial at Carthage, the governor passing his word for their safety and assuring them of his protection. To quote again from the same source: "On the tAventy-third, or twenty-fourth day of June, Joseph Smith, the mayor of Nauvoo, together Avith his brother Hiram and all the members of the coun cU, and all others demanded, came into Carthage and surrendered themselves prisoners to the constable on the charge of riot. They all voluntarily entered into a recognizance before the justice of the peace, for their appearance at court to answer the charge, and all of them were discharged from custody except Joseph and Hiram Smith, against whom the magistrate had issued a new writ, on a complaint of treason. They were im mediately arrested by the constable on this charge, and retai:^ed in his custody to answer it.'' "The overt act of treason charged against them consisted in the alleged levying of war against the state by de claring martial laAv in Nauvoo, and in ordering out the legion to resist the posse comitatus. Their actual guiltiness of the charge would depend upon circum stances. If their opponents had been seeking to put the law in force in good faith, and nothing more, then an array of military force in open resistence to the posse comitatus and the militia of the state, most probably would have amounted to treason. But if those op ponents merely intended to use the pro cess of the law, the militia of the state and the posse comitatus, as cat's paws to compass the possession of their persons for the purpose of murdering them after wards, as the sequel demonstrated the fact to be, it might be doubted Avhether they were guilty of treason. "After the Smith's had been arrested on the new charge of treason, the justice of the peace postponed the examination, because neither of the parties were pre pared with their witnesses for trial. In the meantime, he committed them to the jail of the county for greater security." On the morning of the 27th of June, Smith, under the guard of the Carthage guards was marched around the square that the men of the various sections of the state forming the militia, might see the great prophet of Mormons. The great body of the troops were then dis banded, and the jail, in Avhich the Mor mons Avere placed was committed to the care of the Carthage guards. The gov ernor then proceeded to Nauvoo to reason Avith the Mormons on their con duct, and in the interest of peace. In the morning, having accomplished his purpose, he started back to Carthage, and was met, on the way, by two men who informed him that Smith had been killed. He pushed on toward Carthage. In referring to the news ©f the murder, the governor says: "As for myself it was perfectly as tounding, and I anticipated the very worst consequences from it. The Mor mons had been represented to me as a lawless, infatuated and fanatical people, not governed by the ordinary motives which influence the rest of mankind. If so, most likely an exterminating war would ensue, and the Avhole land would be covered Avith desolation. Acting up on this supposition, it was my duty to 126 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. provide as well as I could for the event. I therefore ordered the two messengers into custody, and to be returned with us to Carthage. This was done to make such arrangements as could be made, and to prevent any sudden explosion of Mormon excitement before they could be written to by their friends at Carthage. I also dispatched messengers to Warsaw to advise the citizens of the CA^ent. But the people there knew all about it before my messengers arrived. They, like my self, anticipated attack all over the country. The women and children were moved across the riA^er, and a committee was dispatched that night to Quincy for assistance. The next morning by day light the ringing of bells in the city of Quincy announced a public meeting. The people assembled in great numbers at an early hour. The AVarsaw commit tee stated to the meeting that a party of Mormons had attempted to rescue the Sriiiths ,out of jail; that a party of Mis- sourians and others had killed the pris oners to prevent their escape; that the governor and his party were at Nauvoo at the time when intelligence of the fact was brought there; that they had been attacked by the Nauvoo Legion, and had retreated to a house where they were then closely besieged; that the governor had sent out word that he could main tain his position for two days, and would be certain to be massacred if assistance did not arrive by the end of that time. It is unnecessary to say that this entire story was fabricated. It was of a piece of the other reports put into circulation by the anti-Mormon party to influence the public mind and call the people to their assistance. The effect of it, how ever, was that by 10 o'clock on the twenty-eighth of June between two and three hundi'ed men from Quincy, under command of Major Flood, embarked on board of a steamboat for Nauvoo, to assist in raising the siege, as they hon estly believed. "As for myself, was well couAdnced that those, whoever they were, who assas- inated the Smiths meditated in turn my assassination by the Mormons. The very circumstances of the case fully corrobora ted the information which I afterwards received, that upon consultation of the assassins, it was agreed Amongst them that the murder must be committed whilst the governor was at Nauvoo; that the Mormons would naturally suppose he planned it, and in the first outpouring of their indignation, they would assas sinate him, by way of retaliation. And that thus they would get clear of the Smiths and the governor all at once. They also supposed, that i£ they could so contrive the matter as to have the governor of the state assassinated by the Mormons, the public excitement would be greatly increased against that people, and would result in their expulsion from the state at least." Governor Ford gives the following account of the murder; "It Avas many days after the assassina- * tion of the Smiths before the circum stances of the murder fully became knoAvii. It then appearetl that, agreea bly to previous orders, ' the posse at Warsaw had marched, ou the 27tli of June, in the directioii of Golden's Point, with a view to join the force from Car thage, the whole body then to be inarched into Nauvoo. But by the time they had HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 127 gone eight miles, they were met by the order to disband; and learning at the same time that the governor was absent at Nauvoo, about 200 of these men, many of them being disguised by black ing their faces with powder and mud, hastened to Carthage. There they en camped at some distance from the vil lage, and soon learned that one of the companies left aS guard had disbanded and returned to their homes; the other company, the Carthage Grays, was sta tioned by the captain in the public square, 150 yards from the jail, whilst eight men were detailed by him, under the command of Sergeant Franklin A. Worrell, to guard the prisoners. A com munication was soon established between the conspirators and the company, and it was arranged that the guards should have their guns charged with blank car tridges, and fire at the assailants when they attempted to enter the jail. Gen. Deming, who was left in command, being deserted by some of his troops and perceiving the arrangements with the others, and having no force upon which he could rely, for fear of his life retired from the village. The conspira tors came up, jumped the slight fence around the jail, were fired upon by the guards, which, according to arrange ments, were overpowered immediately, and the assailants entered the prison to the door of the room, where the two prisoners were confined with two of their friends who voluntarily bore them com pany. An attempt was made to break open the door; but Joseph Smith being armed with a six barrelled pistol, fur nished by his friends, fired several times as the door was bursted open, and Avounded three of the assailants. At the same time several shots Avere fired into the room by some of which John Taylor received four wounds, and Hiram Smith was instantly killed. Joe Smith attempted to escape by jumping out the second story Avindow; but the fall so stunned him that he was unable to rise ; and being placed in a sitting posture by the conspirators below, they dispatched him with four balls shot through his body. It was the idea of the murderers that these strong measures would induce the great body of the Mormons to leave, but they did not evacuate Nauvoo for two years afterwards. All this time the excitement was kept up. Every case of theft or crime was laid at the door of these people, who although somewhat guilty, did not commit one tenth of the offenses laid at their door. To quote again from Mr. Clarke : " Before the spring of 1846 the great majority of the Mormons had left Nau voo, but still a large number remained. About this time a man by the name of Debenheyer was killed near the town of Pontoosuc, and buried in a ditch by the side of a sod fence. The murderers were unknown, but a number of Mor mons had been lying around the neigh borhood for some time making night hideous with their noise, and were or dered away. They refused to go, when, one day while at work in a field sur rounded on three sides by timber, they were surrounded by forty or fifty anti- MormonSjWho captured them, took them to the place where Debenheyer had been buried, stripped them of their clothing, gave each of them thirty and nine lashes 128 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. upon their bare backs, and again bid them go. They went to Nauvoo, re ported the matter, and a few nights afterwards a large number of the Mor mons surrounded- the house of Major McCauley, who lived in the neigbor- hood of the occurrence, and demanded his surrender. J. AV. Brattle, now of Macomb, was stopping with him, and was likcAAdse arrested and taken with him to Nauvoo. The men were held for, sever al days, when, after due trial, they were discharged. They would probably not have been let off so easily had not sev eral leading Mormons been taken by the anti-Mormon party and held as host ages. "About the first of September, 1846, a writ was issued against several leading Mormons, and placed in the hands of John Carlin, of Carthage, for execution. Carlin called out a posse to help make the arrest. Tavo or three companies of men went from this county to his aid, and quite a large force was soon gath ered in the neighborhood of Nauvoo. Carlin, not being a military man, placed. the command of the posse first under General Singleton, and afterward under Colonel Brockman, who proceeded to invest the city, erecting breastworks, and taking other means for defensive as well as offensive operations. AVhat Avas then termed a battle next took place, resulting in the death of one Mormon and the wounding of several others, and mortally wounding one man who Volun teered from this county, but a citizen of Pennsylvania, who was here on a visit, and slightly wounding several others. "While the greater number of the male citizens of Macomb were gone to Nauvoo, apprehension was felt by the women that an attack might be made on the town, and they would not rest con tent without a guard every night to give the alarm in case the Mormons ap peared. James M. Campbell and others agreed to act as guard, and every night a^out dark would begin their regular patrol. They would remain out until the lights about toAvii were put out and the inhabitants were supposed to be asleep, when they would go home to bed." A quotation from Fords' excellent hist ory of the state will close this account of the so-called "Mormon war" in which so many from McDonough county partici pated. That volume says : "At last, through the intervention of an anti-Mormon committee of one hundred from Quincy, the Mormons and their al lies were induced to submit to such terms as the posse chose to dictate, which Avere that the Mormons should immediately give up their arms to the Quincy com mittee, and remove from the state. "The trustees of the church and five of their clerks were permitted to remain for the sale of Mormon property, and the posse were to march in unmolested, and to leave a sufficient force to guai'antee the performance of their stipulations. "Accordingly, tlie constable's posse marched in with Brockman at their head, consisting of about eight hundred armed men, and six or seven hundred unarmed Avho had assembled from all the country around, from motives of curiosity, to see the once proud city of Nauvoo humbled, and delivered up to its enemies, and to the domination of a self -constructed and irresponsible power. They proceeded HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 129 into the city slowly and carefully, exam ining the way for fear of the explosion of a mine, many of which had been made by the Mormons, by burying kegs of powder in the ground, Avith a man stationed at a distance to pull a string communicating with the trigger of a per cussion lock affixed to the keg. This kind of contrivance was called by the Mormons a 'hell's half acre.' AVhen the posse arrived in the city, the 'lead ers of it erected themselves into a tribu nal to decide who should be forced away and who remain. Parties were dispatched to hunt for Mormons' arms and for Mormons, and to bring them to judg ment, where they received their doom from the mouth of Brockman, who then sat a grim and unawed tyrant for the time. As a general rule, the Mormons were ordered to leave within an hour, or two hours; and by rare grace, some of them were allowed until next day, and in a few caseis, longer. The treaty spec ified that the Mormons only should be driven into exile. "Nothing was said in it concerning the ncAv citizens, who had with the Mor mons defended the city. But the posse ¦ no sooner had obtained possession, than they commenced expelling the new citi zens. Some of them were ducked into the river, being in one or two cases act ually baptized in the name of the lead ers of the mob, others were forcibly driven into the ferry boats to be taken over the river, before the bayonets of armed ruffians; and it is believed that the houses of most of .them were broken open and their furniture stolen during their absence. Many of these new set tlers were strangers in the country from various parts of the United States, Avho were attracted there by the low price of property, and they knew but little of previous difficulties, or the merits of the quarrel. They saw with their own eyes that the Mormons Avere industriously preparing to go away, and they kncAV of their OAvn knoAvledge that an effort to expel them with force Avas gratuitous and unnecessary cruelty. They had been trained, by the states from which they came, to abhor mobs, and to obey the law, and they volunteered their ser vices under executive authority, to de fend their town and their property against mob violence, and as they hon estly believed from distraction. But in this way they were partly mistaken, for although the mob leaders, in the exer cise of unbridled power, were guilty of many enormities to the person of indi viduals, and although much personal property was stolen, yet they abstained from materially injuring houses and buildings. The most that was done in this way, was the stealing of the doors and the sash of the AviudoAvs from the houses by somebody. The anti-Mor mons allege that they Avere carried away by the Mormons, and the Mormons aver that the most of them were stolen by the anti-Mormons. Thus ended the Mormon war. The following is believed to be a com plete roster of those of the citizens of McDonough county, who were out dur ing this "unpleasantness" : Colonel : E. B. Root. Lieutenant Colonel: Levi Warren. 130 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Major: V. E, Remington. Surgeon : Dr. H. G. Ayre. Adjutant: S. McFarland. Sergeant Major : H. Gilfrey. Quartermaster Sergeants: Thomas Gilfrey, Williani Duncan. Wagoner.: Joseph Shute. Captains: Charles Creel, A. P. Smith, W. S. Hendricks, Samuel C. Hogan, F. D. Lipe, John Long, Thomas Davis. James M. Wilson, Chas. W. Waddili, Vandever Banks, William I. Pace, B. Maxwell, W. F. Blandin, J. L. N. Hall.' Joseph Crawford, .1. L. Cross, Harry R. Holden, Tliomas Shippey, John R. Edmonston, Milton L. Archer, Thomas Mustain, Lieutenants: Peter McClure, I. C. Webb, John Baker, John Smith, H. H. Burr, Patrick Laughlin, Ricbard Brightwell, William Edmonston, I. L. Twyman, James S. Palmer, William B. Clarke, Philetus Rice, Jonathan L. Berry, George C Vest, V. M. Hardin, Perry Langford, Absolom Parker, Bethel Owen, J. C. D. Carmaok, Andrew Alison, John C. Webb, A. Dorothy, Harrison Hungate, Joseph P. Gates. Privates : Henry Thompson, John W. Clarke, Silas Creel, Williara, Brooking Levi Hamilton, John Creel, G. B. Robinson, David Hogsett, E. Brooking, James R. Simpson, Ross Penan, - James Kepple, Hugh Ervin, D. M. Crabb, William Hamilton, Thomas Davis, George Nichols, J. H. Michael, Valentine Clayton, R. McClure, William Stevens, John Crawford, Andrew Walker, Ephraim Banning, P. Hamilton, D. R. Hamilton, W. M. McCartney, Wiley M. Sloan, O. H. Casley, C. W. Dunsworth, Lewis Mourning, A. Stephens, Thomas J. Hunt, William Boyd, Edmond Bean, J. J. Lower, James Chamberlain, Isaac Bacon, EUphate Jarvis, Wm. B. Walker, G. S. Hainline, R. J. Scott, John S. Wilson, H. H. McGee, James Dye, Stephen White, W. W. Clayton, Silas Parker, James Stroud, James Wilson, Johu Rollins, J. W. Walker, Samuel McCray, George Head, A. G. Hainline, Jacob S;ickle, J. Mitchell, J. H. Head, Harper McCandless, Johu S. Campbell, John Snapp, Jonathan Palmer, Garret Bonham, G. Vanhowten, George W. Wade, Durham Creel, Nicholas Bowman, Calvin Canote, Thomas K. Waddle, Charles Kepple, John Bishop, Johu Stokes, John M. Jackson, Michael Harris, George Boothe, William Stewart, S. A. Hunt, Patrick Aber, Richard Musson, Joseph Riley, Shad Goan, Peter Dye, Thomas White, Luke Prentice, Levi Done, William Stroud, J. L. Cross, J. M. Head, J. N. Clark, G. W. Head, William B. Head, Robert Garheart, A. J. Walker, Eli Campbell, William Lower, Samuel M. Not, A. Fulkerson, William B. Clarke, A. D. McBride, George Painter, Samuel Bland, J. B. Stapp, Orin Chatterton, Michael Youst, G. W. Eyres, Nathan Hainline, HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 131 Samuel Clarke, Frank Clarke, William McCord, James Jarvis, Nelson Montgomery , S. H. Gillihan, Slocum Wooley, Roily Martin, C. W. Fulkerson, William Owens, Charles Martin, Moses Haskins, Hugh McDonough, David Badger, Beta Haskins, John Caldwell, Jonathan Paiker, Allen Porter, Oliver C. Smith, S. M. C. Pennington, Asa Decker, Elias Clem, Robert Andrews, Henry W. Foster, Andrew Jackson, Thomas Jackson, James F. Greenup, Thomas Richardson, B. Whittington, William Gibson, Anson Richardson, Martin Miles, William Badger, C. McDonough , William Waddle, Robert Comer, John C. Conants, Nathaniel Barker, Cyrus Wing, Clem Roddick, Ambrose G. Owen, James Moore, James McKee, John W. Lane, Lewis Sealf, George Crossier, James Fulton, James McCurdy, Charles Jackson, Peter McDonough, Jonas Hushaw, Elam Chockley, David Kepple. R. G. King, Watson Chockley, Benjamin Chockley, ¦ John Badger, Roswell Tyrrell, Richard Chockley, Isom J. David, William Grafton, Ladwick Courier, William Toland, Thomas Toland, Matthew Framel, C. g'. Gilchrist, George Woods, Randolph Hall, B. B. Jackson, William Ervin, John Seward, D. Sandridge, D. Boyd, James Rigdon, Thomas Bailey, John P. Kinkade, John Twidwell, Isham Rigdon, George W. Shultz, Walter Scott, Josiah Ralston, John Smith, Janaes H. Atkinson, Edmond Cave, Isaac Garrett, H. Garrett, Jerry Sullivan, James Walker, Isaac Smith, Henry Garrett, John Allison, Nelson Campbell, H. Melton, Allen Melton, Samuel Pollock, T. W. Greenup, Bird Smith, John B. Wear, William Henley, . Alfred Ripitow, Joseph D. Wear, W. Melton, Benjamin Miller, Jesse Jeanis, Andrew D. Wear, Nathan Stephens, Gholson Lane, Elisha Dungan Augustus Lillard, James Hendricks, Jesse Beck, William Beck, David Jenkins, Reuben Alexander, G. W. Coker, William Sullivan, John Kennedy, Solomon Kennedy, Alfred Gibsonj James Gibion, John Hill, Levi Sawyer, William Rice, Robert Smithers, Nicholas Jarvis, Isaac Howell, John Hushaw, Johnson Downer, Isaac Welch, N. C. Averill, Joel Pennington, Lewis Springer, V. A. Caldwell, G. W. Welch, F. C. Tomberlin, Travis Miller, J.R. Welch, Jefferson Welch, A. J. Cockeram, J. J. Wyatt, H. J. Averill, John James, Nathan Hayes, B. T. Gibson, William Carmaok, Moses Stookey, Wesley Harlan, Robert Black, William Walker, Rufus Botts, William B. Peak, James Rasor, N. B. Wooley, James Williams, David Later, Edmond Naylor, Othias DeHaven, James Dorothy, Jeremiah Sullivan, Hugh Black, Jessie Hainline, Hiram Hainline, Robert L. Dark, Samuel McClure, John Logan, Jr., William Martin, Morton Pringle, William S. Bailey, Henry Martin, Joshua White, D. C. Riggs, Edmond Barber, William Hardesty, James Milsaps, William H. Pringle, John McCormick, James Seybold, Henry H. Monarch, N. Edmondson, Shad. Campbell, E. T. Monarch, Isaac Bogart, Isaac McCowen, Benjamin Stephen, Jacob Hutchinson, Jacob Keithiey, John Friend, Robert Barber, C. C. Hungate, A. G. McCord, A. Edmondson, Thomas Dungan, _ 132 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. George W, Mitchell, Wm. W. McCormick, John Monk, Samuel Haney, Francis Wayland, Zoel Wayland, N. B. Hardin, B. Past, Francis Rice, Thomas Allison, Sanford Past, Jasper Twichell, Andrew Allison, G. C. Lane, Joseph Overton, G. Hainline, Anderson Cannon, Jesse Neece, John Ledgerwood, John Purdy, Henry Perry, Alexander Provine, J. H. Hughes, Jacob Humbert, Johu Fletcher, Jacob Massingill, Francis McSpirit, Smith Haines, Joseph Bailey, Botson Seybold, J. H. Baker, A. C. Bristow, Elijah Stephens, Israel Camp, Jr., Reuben Harris, Daniel Duncan, John Barrett, William J. Despain, D. Bristow, Sylvester Ruddle, William Gahagan, Jonathan Comar, Wesley Langford, Preston Anderson, T. B. McCormick, Nathan Scott, H. Mayhew, James Peak, John E, Jackson, William Lovely, Robert Dorothy, Lewis Past, George W. Neece, L. M. Hobart, J. E Lansdown, Lorenzo Twichell, James Perry, George Hume, D. F. Martin, S. Stewart, A. H. Rutledge, David Scott, G. G. Guy, William Scott, Joseph Haines, Isaac Fugate, J. Rollins, William Humbert, Johu W. Fugate, Jacob Morgan, William Stickle, Allen Bland, Thomas Shoopman, Jacob S. MattheAvs, Thomas J. Caldwell, Wm. Walker, Edward Dixon, B. Mason, B J.Welch,, B. R. Hampton, B. B. Edmondson, John G. Stoneking, Harry Carmaok. Martin Miles. Thomas E, Smpdley, J. J. Smedley, H. 8. Head, Hiram Bellew, Caleb Husted, John Bundridge, William D. Mustain, Robert Kellison, H. V. Craig, Samuel Calvin, Wm. J. Epperson, James D. Eads, Robert Clugston, John McCoy, E. F. Randall, Nathan Ferris, G. W. Shoopman, Carroll Lane, James P. Birtland, Thomas Speaks, John Wilson, Jr., William Venard, C. A. Brown, William E. Duncan, C. Pruit, William T. Wells, Joseph Duncan, William Wilson, J. C. Vawter, William Shannon, Simeon Everett,- H. G. Woodside, Russell Riggs, John E. Riggs, John Hall, Francis McKay, John Nankeville, William Thompson, John L. Charter, Henry Dorothy, Charles Patrick, M. C. Archer, Redmond Grigsby, Silas Grigsby, Nathan Dunsworth, James Dunsworth, David Alton, Henry Alton, Thomas Hunt, Amos Gibson, Hugh Conner, John Hagerty, Arch. Holstein, Robert McCumsey, William Moss, Geoge Bughman, Washington Owens, John Patrick, Philetus Knight, Johu Bowman, Samuel Dark, John Ferguson, Jonathan Charter, A. L. Bryant, J. Q. McClure, Robert Archer, B. B. Head, Ephraim Hammer, Robert Hall, G. A. Tayl, Squire Charter, John T. Mustain. William Parks, George Venard, Samuel Dunlap, James Ward, Peter Riggs, .lohn B. Case, James Grigsby, William Grigsby, Nimrod Duskill, James C. Archer, John Vance, Isaac Harris Jacob Waimac, William T. Archer, Alva Alton, John Huston, John I. Foster, William W. Wilson, John Duncan, John L. Gordon, John Crisp, A. J. Edmonston, Alex. McCullin, John Gilfrey, Sr., James McPeters, William Owens, Norman Davis, John T. Gilfrey, J. J. Mathews, Samuel Wilsoh, N. Herrin, C. A. Lawson, William Ellis, Hugh B. Smiley, G. A. Farwell, N. Montgomery, HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 133 T. B. Maury, P. H. Walker, Wesley Freeland, William Ervin, Merritt A. Russell, Wm. L. Broaddus, R. M. Bonham, Thomas McElrath, G. W, Smith, Joseph Long, James Walker, JSmes Anderson, R. H. Broad'dus, 8. S. Whitmire, Richard Rowley, Logan Kyle, Joshua Conrad, J. M. Martin, Daniel D. Rail, J. C. Roberts, Thomas Pickett, James Cannon, Robert Cannon, James B. Kyle, J. P. Head, David Lawson, S. C. Watson, Janies Martin, Manva Perry, Wm. H. Randolph, John Harrow, Samuel McKamy, J. P. Updegraff, W. H. Kendrick, J. 0. C. Wilson, Abner Walker, John Lowry, T. J. Beard, J. H. Updegraff, Theodore Laughlin, Andrew Lewis, J. E. Wyne, Charles Chandler, Michael Martin, T. M. Luster, Milton Sweeney, Robert H., Broaddus, Wm. F. McCandless, B. F. Martin, John L. Anderson, R. F. Anderson, Joseph Bailey, N. McElrath, C. M. Duffee, Gowan DeCamp, Daniel Courtwright, W. H. Kyle. Thomas Adcock, J. W. McDonald, W. Courtwright, William S. Hail, G. W. Watt, O. C. Cannon, R. A. Biazelton, William H. Phelps, Henry Towls, Charles Dunn, R. Garrett, William B. Gordon, Martin Read, Daniel Sullivan, John M. Sullivan. J. B. McCartney, John Wiley, ' Adonijah Hungate. C. W. Dallam, Marshall Rogers, CHAPTER IX THE WAE FOE THE UNION. The institution of slavery was always a source of trouble between the free and slave-holding states. The latter were always troubled with the thought that the former would encroach upon their rights, and nothing could be done to shake this belief. Compromise meas ures from time to time were adopted to settle the vexed question of slavery, but the fears of the slaveholders were only allayed for a short time. Threats of secession were often made by the slave- holding states, but as soon as measures of a conciliatory character were passed, no attempt- was made to carry their threats into execution. Finally came the repeal of the Missouri compromise and the adoption of a measure known as the Kansas-Nebraska bill. This bill opened certain territory to slavery, which, under the former act, was forever to be free. About the time of the passage of this act, the whig party was in a state of dissolution, and the great body of that party, together with certain democrats who were opposed to the Kansas-Ne- 134 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. braska bill, united, thus forming a new party to which was given the name of republican, having for its object the pre vention of the further extension of sla very. The people of the south imagined they saw in this new party not only an organized effort to prevent the extension of slavery, but one that would eventu ally be used to destroy slavery in those states in which it already existed. In 1860, four presidential tickets were in the field. Abraham Lincoln was the candidate of the republicans, Stephen A. Douglas of the national democrat, John C. Breckenridge of the pro-slavery interests, and John Bell of the union. The union party was composed princi pally of those who had previously affili ated with the American or know-noth ing party. Early in the campaign there were threats of secession and disunion in case of the election of Abraham Lin coln, but the people were so accustomed to southern bravado that little heed was given to the bluster. On the 20th of December, 1860,South Carolina, by a convention of delegates declared "that the union now existing between South Carolina and the other states of North America is dissolved, and that the state of South Carolina has resumed her position among the nations of the earth' as a free, sovereign and independent state, with full power to IcA^y war and conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and do all other acts and things which independent states may of right do." On the 24th Gov. Pickens issued a proclamation declaring that "South Carolina is, and has a right to be, a free and independent state, and as such has a right to levy war, conclude peace, and do all acts whatever that rightfully ap pertain to a free and independent state." On the 26th Major Anderson evacuated Fort Moultrie and occupied Fort Sum ter. Two days previously he Avrote President Buchanan's secretary of war, John B. Floyd, as follows: "When I inform you that my garrison consists of only 60 effective men, and that we are in very indifferent works,the walls of which are only fourteen feet high; and that we have within 160 yards of our walls, sand hills which command our works and which afford admirable sites for batteries and the finest coverts for sharp-shooters; and that besides this there are numerous houses, some of them within pistol shot, and you wUl at once see that if attacked in force, headed by any one but a simpleton, there is scarcely a posibility of our being able to hold out long enough for our friends to come to our succor." His appeals for re-inforcements were seconded by General Scott, but unheeded by President Buchanan, and entirely ignored by Secretary of War Floyd. On the 28th South Carolina troops occupied Fort Moultrie and Castle Pinckney, and hoisted the palmetto flag on the ramparts. On the 29th John B. Floyd resigned his place in Buchanan's cabinet, charging that the president in refusing to remove Major Anderson from Charleston Harbor, designed to plunge the country into civil" war, and added: "I cannot consent to be the agent of such a calamity." On the same day the South Carolina commissioners presented their official credentials at Washington, which, on the next day, were declined. O-fd^tT HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 137 On the second day of January, 1861, .Georgia declared for secession, and Geor gia troops took possession of the United States arsenal in Augusta, and Forts Pulaski and Jackson. Gov. Ellis, of North Carolina, seized the forts at Beaufort and AVilmington and the arsenal at Fayetteville. On the evening of the 4th, the Alabama and Mississippi delegations in congress tele graphed the conventions of their respec-, tive states to secede, telling them that there was no prospect of a satisfactory adjustment. On the 7th the conventions of Ala bama, Mississippi and Tennessee met in secession conclave. Secretary Thomp son resigned his seat in the cabinet on the 9th, on the ground that, contrary to promises, troops had been sent to Major Anderson. On the same day, the Star of the West, carrying supplies and rein forcements to Major Anderson, with her flag at her mast-head, was fired into from Morris Island, and obeying instructions turned homeward, leaving Fort Sumter and its gallant little band of heroes to the mercy of the rebels, and traitors. On the same day, also, the ordinance of secession passed the Mississippi conven tion. Florida adopted an ordinance of secession on the 10th, and Alabama on the llth. On the latter day the rebels seized the arsenal at Baton Eouge, and Forts St. Philip and Jackson, at the mouth of the Mississippi river, and Fort Pike at the entrance of Lake Pontchar train. Pensacola navy yard and Fort Barrancas were surrendered to rebel troops by Colouel Armstrong on the 13th. Lieutenant Slemmer, who had drawn his command from Fort McEae to Fort Pickens, defied Armstrong's orders and announced his intention to "hold the fort" at all hazards. The Georgia con vention adopted an ordinance of seces sion on the 19tli. On the following day Lieutenant Slemmer was besieged by a thousand "allied troops" at Fort Pick ens. Louisiana adopted an ordinance of secession on the 25th. On the 1st of February the rebels seized the United States mint and custom house at New Orleans. The peace convention assem bled at Washington on the 4th, but ad journed without doing anything to quiet the disturbed elements. On the 9th a provisional constitution was adopted at Montgomery, Alabama, it being the con stitution, of the United States "re-con structed" to suit their purposes. Jeffer- ' son Davis, of Mississippi, was chosen president, and Alexander H. Stephens, of Georgia, vice-president, of the "con federate states of North America." Jefferson Davis was inaugurated on the 18th, and on the 25th it was learned that General Twiggs, commanding the department of Tex as, had basely betrayed his trust and had surrendered all the military posts, ^.mmunition and arms to the Texas authorities. Abraham Lincoln, was inaugurated March 4, 1861, in front of the capitol, the ceremonies being witnessed by a vast concourse of people. Before taking the oath, Mr. Lincoln pronounced in a clear, ringing voice his inaugural address, to hear which there was an almost painful solicitude; to read which the whole Amer ican people and civilized world awaited with irrepressible anxiety. With that address and the administration of the 138 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. oath of office, the people were assured. All doubt, if any had previously existed, was removed. In the hands of Abraham Lincoln, the people's president, and him self of the people, the government was safe. Traitors were still busy plotting and planning. Troops were mustering in all the seceded states. On Friday, April 12, the surrender of Fort Sumpter, with its garrison of sixty effective men, was de manded and bravely refused by the gal lant Eobert Anderson, the heroic com mander. Fire was at once opened on the almost helpless garrison by the rebel forces,, numbering several thousands. Eesistence for any length of time was useless,andatlast, out of ammunition and seared and scorched by flames from their burning quarters, the little band of heroic men were compelled to give up, and the national colors were hauled down and by traitors hands were trailed in the dust, the dirt and the mire not defiling them half as much as the Judas touch of arrant rebels. On Sunday morning, the 14th, the news of the surrender was received . in all the principal cities of the union. That was all, but that was enough. A day later when the news was confirmed and spread throughout the country, the patriotic people of the north were roused from their dreams of the future — from undertakings half completed — and made to realize that behind that mob there was a dark, deep and well organized purpose to destroy the government, rend the union in twain, and out of its ruins erect a slave oligarchy; wherein no one would dare question their right to hold in bond age the sons and daughters of men Avhose skins were black. Their dreams of the future — their plans for the establishment of an independent confederacy — were doomed from their inception to sad and bitter disappointment. Everywhere north of Mason and Dixon's line — the home of the freemen — the voice of Prov idence was heard. "Draw forth your million blades as one ; Complete the battle now begun; God fights Avith ye, and overhead Floats the dear banner of your dead. ' They; and the glories of the past. The future, dawning dim and vast. And all tbe holiest hopes of man, Are beaming triumphant in your van. "Slow to resolve, be swift to do ; Teach ye tbe False, how fights the True ; How buckled perfidy shall feel, In her black heart the Patriot's steel ; How sure the bolt that Justice wings; How weak the arm a traitor brings ; How mighty they who steadfast stand, For freedom's flag and freedom's land." On Monday, April 15, President Lin coln issued the following proclamation : Wherb.vs, The laws of the United States have for some time past, and are now, opposed, and the execution thereof obstructed, in the states of South Carolina, Alabama, Florida, Mis sissippi, Louisiana aud Texas, by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, or by the power vested in the marshals ; now, therefore, I, Abra ham Lincoln, president of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested by the consti tution and the laws, have thought to call forth, and hereby do call forth, the militia of the sev eral states of the Uuion, to the number of seven ty-five thousand, in order to suppress said com binations, and to cause the laws to be duly e.xecuted. The details for this subject will be immedi ately communicated to the state authorities through the Avar department. I appeal to all loyal citizens to favor, facilitate, and to aid this HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 139 eflort to maintain the honor, the integrity, and existence of our National Union, and the per petuity of popular government, and to redress wrongs already long endured. I deem it proper to say thatthe flrst services assigned tothe forces hereby called forth will .probably be to reposses the forts, places and property which have been seized from the Union ; and in every event the utmost care will be observed, consistently with the object aforesaid, to avoid any devastation, any destruction of, or interference with property, or any disturbance of peaceful citizens in any part of the country ; and I hereby command the persons composing the combinations aforesaid, to disperse and retire peaceably to their respect ive abodes within twenty days from this date. Deeming that the present condition of public aflairs presents an extraordinarv occasion, I do hereby, in virtue of the power in me vested by the constitution, convene both houses of con gress. The senators and representatives are therefore summoned to assemble at their re spective chambers at 12 o'clock, noon, on Thurs day, the fourth day of July next, then and there to consider and determine such measures as in their wisdom the public safety and interest may seem to demand. In witness thereof,. I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. . Done at the city of Washington, on the fif teenth day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, and of the independence of the United States the eighty- fifth. By tbe president, ABRAHAM LINCOLN. William H. Sbwaed, secretary of state. The last word of this proclamation had Scarcely been taken from the elec tric wire before the call was filled. Men and money were counted out by hun dreds and thousands. The people who loved their whole country could not give enough. Patriotism thrilled an'd vibrated and pulsated through every heart. The farm, the workshop, the office, the pul pit, the bar, the bench, the college, the school house — every calling offered its best men, their lives and fortunes, in defense of the government's honor and unity. Pdrty lines were for a time ignored. Bitter words, spoken in mo ments of political heat, were forgotten and forgiven, and joining hands in a common cause, they repeated the oath of America's soldier statesman: "By the great eternal, the union must and shall be preserved!" Seventy-five thousand men were not enough to subdue the rebellion. Nor were ten times that number. The war went on, and call followed call, until it seemed as if there were not men enough in all the free states to crush out the rebellion. But to every call for either men or money, there was a willing and ready response. The gauntlet thrown down by traitors of the south was ac cepted; not, however, in the spirit which insolence meets insolence, but with a firm, determined spirit of patriotism and love of country. The duty of the president was plain under the constitu tion and laws, and, above and beyond all, the people, from whom all political power is derived, demanded the sup pression of the rebellion, and stood ready to sustain the authority of their representative and executive officers to the utmost extremity. Settled as McDonough county was by many from the southern states, it is in no wise derogatory to her that in the breasts of many of her citizens beat hearts in sympathy with, the cause of the southern confederacy, and that a feeling of ill-will should prevail against 140 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. the radical abolitionist. But to theiir honor be it spoken, that many of these, who looked upon the movement of the south as having just grounds, with a noble patriotism, sank all sectional and political feelings in their devotion to the cause of the Union, and the "star gemmed flag" of their country." Many of fhe citizens of the county of McDon ough, and among them many of the most influential and respected ones, used every honorable means to defeat the election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency, deeming it to the best inter ests of the country. But others worked equally hard to elevate the favorite son of Illinois to the executive seat, although a no less distinguished citizen of Illinois was one of his opponents. The vote, in November,1860, best shows the number of those who favored the election of- Lincoln and who favored his opponents: for Lin coln, 2,255 votes; for Douglas, ,2,266; for Breckenridge, 6; and for Bell, 62. In the minds of all it seemed impossible that the south would secede, and that this glorious republic would be disrupt ed, thinking that when the excitement of the political campaign had passed away, peace and prosperity would continue. But wlieii the sad news of Anderson's surrender was made known throughout the land, no greater indignation, at the outrage to our flag,, was betrayed any where than in McDonough county. Political rancor was hushed, partisan feeling was swept away, and pure patriot ism animated the whole people. Nobly did the people of the county respond to the calls for men in the foregoing proc lamation, and at each succeeding call. Meetings were held all over the county. participated in by men of all former shades of opinion and party, but all now animated by but one feeling. At Ma comb, on the 17th of April, 1861, a pub lic meeting was held, and a committee, consisting of Nelson Abbott, Charles Chandler, A. K. Lowry, W. E. AAlthrow, John Knappenberger and Carter Van Vleck, three democrats and three repub licans, was appointed to draw up resolu tions. They made a report to the meet ing of the following, which were soon adopted: Whereas, War against the government of the United States has been commenced by the authorities of the so-called confederate states, by assailing and reducing Port Sumpter, a for tress garrisoned and defended by United States soldiers, and under the sacred protection of the national flag; and. Whereas, -The president of the United States has issued his proclamation reciting that " the laws of the United States have been and are opposed in several states by combinations too powerful to be suppressed in the ordinary way," and calling for volunteers to suppress said combination and execute the laws ; be it Resolved by the citizens of McDonough county, without distinction of party, in mass meeting assembled, That it is the duty of all loyal and patriotic citizens, at whatever cost of blood and treasure, to sustain and support the constitutioned authorities of the United States in their lawful efforts to preserA'e the Union, maintain the integrity of the constitution and the supremacy of all the laws, and protect the federal capital and sustain the honor of our na tional flag. Resolved, That, while we would be glad to see such legislation adopted by the federal and state governments as would, if possible, bring about an honorable reconciliation between the citizens of the several states, yet we deem it the duty of our legislature about to assemble to pass such laws as will render tbe general govern- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 141 ment speedy and efficient aid in all its lawful endeavors to carry out the objects indicated in the foregoing resolution. Resolved, That the stars and stripes are the emblems of our country's liberties and honors, and wheresoever floating it is the duty of every American citizen to yield to that flag uncondi tional allegiance and undying devotion. At Colchester, April 9th, at a public meeting, the following was adopted as the sense of the meeting: Resolved, That we, the citizens of Colchester and vicinity, have no ill feeling toward any po litical party, and say, with the immortal Clay, that we know no north — no south — no east — no west ; we know only the welfare of our country. Resolved, That, in view of our present crisis, we pledge our support to the administration for the purpose of sustaining the government, the the constitution, and the Union. In doing so we show them we are not degenerated sons of '76. At Foster's point, on the evening of the 27th of April, the citizens assembled and adopted the following: Whereas, The government of these United States has been assailed — the flag of our coun try fired upon and dishonored — our country is severely threatened with destruction ; therefore, Besolved, That we, without respect to party, declare our undying devotion to the Union, the constitution, and the enforcement of the laws. Resolved, That we know no government but our government, no country but our country, and no fiag but the stars and stripes of our honored sires. In other parts of the county other meetings passed just as strong resolu tions. Eecruiting offices were opened, and by the 20th of April one company was formed, with V. Y. Ealston as cap tain, and Avithin a few days another was ready, with D. P. Wells as captain. These two . companies were raised at Macomb and a third was formed at Mid- dletoAvu, under Captain Samuel Wilson. These three companies departed for Springfield, the general rendezvous of the Illinois troops, and were assigned to the 16th infantry, being respectively companies A, B, and C, of that famous regiment. The companies were all es corted to the depot by hosts of friends, and they were heartily cheered, and many a heartfelt "God bless you" was given as they moved off, many never to come back to home and loved ones. All throughout the long years that the dark cloud of war covered our country. the enlistment of men, the forming of new companies, the constant stir and ex citement Vas kept up, and men, young, middle-aged and old, pressed to the front. In all, nearly three thousand brave and gallant sons of McDonough county represented her in the ranks of "blue-coated national defenders," men who stood in the red front of lurid bat tle, and always took a prominent part. Numbers of them laid down their lives upon the altar of their country, and their bones enrich the soil of nearly every southern state. From the Poto mac to the Eio Grande, from Albemarle sound to the Eocky Mountains have their drums beat, and the ground re echoed to their tr6ad, and no more heroic soldiers led the van in many a stricken field than did the representatives from this section of the state. AVhile they were away upon the tented field, the patriotic men and women at home were not idle. Although impossi- sible to get the county to do anything in an official way for the relief of sol diers' families, many, as private citizens, thought it not only a duty but a blessed 142 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH dOUNTY. privilege to render all the aid in their power. During the entire four years of war, we think but little actual suffering was experienced by any at home on ac count of the absence of their natural protectors, who were serving their coun try. Fairs and . festivals were held for the purpose of obtaining sanitary sup plies for those in the field, and soldiers' aid societies were continually investigat ing and relieving the wants of the needy at home. On Wednesday, September 10, 1862, there was presented to the board a pe tition signed by numerous citizens of Macomb and the county generaUy, ask ing the board to take some action in re gard to providing for the families of the volunteers from McDonough county. The question was at once referred to the committee of the whole. On the 12th of the same month, the board, on motion of Mr. Casto, the member from Macomb, resolved itself into a committee of the whole, for the consideration of the ques tion. After considerable discussion, the following preamble and resolutions were offered by L. G. Eeid, and were adopted: " Whereas, Divers persons of this county have petitioned this board to make an appropri ation for the support and maintenance of the families of the volunteers of this county that have enlisted iu the United States service ; and, " Whereas, This board is not advised as to the number that have volunteered from this county, nor have they any knowledge of the condition of those families that it is proposed to assist; therefore, " Resolved, That the supervisors of each township be appointed a committee to ascertain the number and coridition of the families of vol unteers iij each township of the county, and re port to this board at its next meeting. And be t further • " Resolved, That the supervisor of each toAvn sliall be required to call the attention of their several townships to the propriety of calling town meetings for an expression of the wishes of the tax ijayers in regard to the proposed ai> propriation, and report such expression so ex pressed at the next meeting of this board." At the October session foUbwing, an abstract of the votes taken on the sub ject of making the appropriation in favor of the wives and families of the volunteers in the service of the general government, was presented to the board, of which the foUoAving is a copy: Township : For app. Against Eldorado 4 72 New Salem 23 0 Mound 5 18 Industry 4 103 Macomb 42 19 WalnutGrove 5 48 Bethel 5 75 Chalmers 2 60 Emmett 17 57 Sciota 8 19 Lamoine 1 108 Tennesseee 8 117 Hire 2 97 Blandinsville 5 125 By this it will be seen that there were but 113 "for the appropriation," ahd 918 against the appropriation," with the townships of Scotland and Prairie City to hear from, thus defeating the action of the board. At a meeting of the board of super visors, held on the 26th of June, 1863, the following resolution was presented by B. E. Hampton, and on motion of J. P. Updegraff, it was adopted : Whereas, There have been a number of battles recently fought by General Grant's divis ion of the army, between Jackson and Vicks burg; and HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 143 Whereas, Many of the citizens of McDon ough county are soldiers in that division; and Whereas, The sanitary commission, of Chi cago, have called upon the people of the state of Illinois for aid for the sick and wounded sol diers at Vicksburg; therefore, Resolved, That we make an appropriation of one hundred dollars out of any county funds not otherwise appropriated, for the beneflt of said sick and wounded soldiers, and the clerk is hereby directed to issue a county order for that amount, and send the money to the secretary of the Chicago sanitary commission. In his history of McDonough county, S. J. Clarke, a resident of the county at the time, says of the year 1862 : "During this year our armies met with a number of reverses, and doubts arose in the minds of many as to the power of the government to put down the rebel lion. Organizations were formed throughout the north, of men who fav ored a cessation of hostilities, the with drawal of our troops from southern soil, and a compromise with the rebels. The organization Avas regarded as treason able by the administration, and many of the leaders of the movement were ar rested without regular warrant and in carcerated in various prisons, while the Avrit of habeas corpus was suspended. A great hue and cry was raised because of this fact; the governnient was denounced as tyrannical, and a forcible resistance was seriously advocated. A large num ber in McDonough county joined in the movement with the opposition, and party strife again ran high. Friends of long standing became enemies, and threats of personal damage were made upon both sides. Eecruiting for the army was weU nigh suspended, and the union cause seemed very dark. At this juncture, B. E. Hampton introduced the following resolution, and asked its adoption by the board of supervisors at their session in May, 1863: Whereas, Our nation is noAv involved in civil war, brought about by the acts of designing and unscrupulous men wlio seek to destroy the best government ever instituted upon the earth by man ; and believing it to be the duty of all ¦public bodies, assembled for the purpose of transaction of public business, to throw their influence, whether it be much or little, on the side of tlie government and for the maintenance of its power and authority ; therefore. Resolved, That although some of us may differ with the administration in relation to some of its war policy, yet we are anxious to see the rebels subdued, and forced to submit to the regularly constituted authorities of the United States ; and further, that we are opposed to any and all propositions for a compromise, come from what source they may, short of an uncon ditional surrender of the rebels to the govern ment. Resolved, That we utterly condemn all sym pathizers with the rebellion, wherever found, as also that spirit of fault-finding which is so rife among us. On motion, the subject of the adop tion of the resolutions were laid upon the table, and afterward being taken therefrom, after slight amendment by Mr. Hampton, and considerable discus sion ensuing. Supervisor Eeid offered the foUoAving as a substitute for those of Mr. Hampton: Resolved, That McDonough county has been, is now, and will forever remain, devotedly attached to the federal government of the United States, under the constitution Avhich creates that gov ernment and defines its powers. Resolved, That, we are in favor of destroying the rebellion, and sanction .any legitimate means for the accomplishment of tliat purpose, either through an honorable comjiromise of difficulties or a convention of all the states for arranging 144 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. terms of mutual intercourse, leaving to every state the right to regulate their domestic affairs in their own way, subject only to the constitu tion. Resolved, That we sincerely regret that the president has not moved with the whole power of the army placed in his hands by a confiding but betrayed people, upon the enemy's works, but instead thereof has made war upon unarmed and patriotic citizens of the nortli, whose only " crime " has been devotion to the constitution and best interests of the country. Resolved, That we view with just alarm the repeated usurpations of power by the president and his military officers, in the arbitrary arrests and imprisonment of peaceable citizens; in their mock trial and imprisonment ; in the attempt to overawe peaceful meetings of the people called " to petition the government for redress of grievances ;'^' in the arbitrary suspension of the habeas corpus ; in the substitution of the will or whim of an irresponsible officer for the written law ; that if these and other kindred usurpations are not rebuked and counteracted by the friends of law and order, then indeed is a military des potism established over us, our constitution de stroyed, and a ncAv government destructive of our liberties inaugurated in the place of the fundamental laws bequeathed to us by our fathers. Resolved, That we call upon this government to return to true and faithful allegiance to the constitution, and to employ the remaining period of their short term of power in honest endeav ors to restore the country to the condition of peace, prosperity and growth wiiich distin guished our country before the advent of a sec tional organization of power. Resolved, That, the profligate squandering of the public money by the officers under the con trol of President Lincoln is without a parallel for recklessness and infamy in the history of any civilized nation ; in the language of John P. Hale, we solemnly "believe and declare thatthe liberties of this country are in greater danger to-day from the corruption and profligacy prac ticed in the various departments of this admin istration than they are from the open enemy in the field." Resolved, That, we request our]representative in congress, the Hon. Lewis W. Ross, to use his best exertions to secure the reijeal of the con scription bill, the indemnity bill, and all other oppressive and partisan enactments of the late congress ; also, to oppose all measures looking toward a recognition of the independence of- the southern confederacy. Resolved, That in the language of Governor Seymour, "having given the administration a generous support in the war, we pause to see what kind of a government it is for which we are asked to pour out our blood and our treas ures, and demand to know whether the war is waged to put down the rebellion at the south, or destroy free institutions at the north." Pending the question of the adoption of the resolutions, SuperAdsor Potter of fered the following as a substitute there for, to-wit: Resolved, That we, as a board of supervisors, Avhatever shades of difference of opinion there may be among us, we are united in this, a firm and unshaken determination to stand upon the federal constitution — standing upon this broad basis, Ave are opjjosed to secession, and to sup press it, we are in favor of the use of the means guaranteed to us by a wise and benignant gov ernment, arms, amnesty, redress of grievances, an honorable compromise on all subjects of con troversy ; in short, by the use of all means that become a wise and christiun nation. Resolved, That upon this basis shall we stand till the "trump of peace shall sound." The resolutions of Mr. Porter were rejected, and those of Mr. Eeid adopted. As we have before remarked, enlist ments for the army were slow at this time, and in order to encourage volun teers, Hon. B. E. Hampton, at the De cember meeting (1863) of the board of supervisors, offered the foUoAving reso lution, which was rejected by the board: HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 145 Resolved, That in addition to the bounties offered by the government of the United States for recruits, we offer a county bounty of fifty dollars to each man who is the head of a family, and twenty-five dollars to each single or unmar ried man who shall hereafter enlist in the mil itary service of the United States. But the government had need of men, and as the quota of this county was not flill, drafting was resorted to. We may here state that had McDonough county received credit for all who had gone from her midst, no draft would ever have been ordered here; but many, in order to receive the large bounty offered by other counties, went there for the purpose of enlistment. When this strain canie, those who were formerly opposed to the giving of a bounty by the county for volunteers, now became clamorous for it to be done at once. • On the 14th day of December, 1864, W. H. Green offered the following preamble and reso lution, which was adopted by the board of supervisors: Whereas, It has become necessary for the government of the United States to draft men into the service of the United States, for the purpose of suppressing the rebellion in the southern states ; and, Whereas, The government of the United States does npt pay a sufficient bounty to obtain volunteers for said service ; now, therefore. Resolved, That the board of supervisors of the county of McDonough request William H. Neece, the representative of this county in the legislature of this state, to have such law or laws passed at the next meeting of the legislature as will empoAver the .board of supervisors of this county to levy a tax sufficient to enable the county to offer bounties to persons enlisting in the military service of the United States, and to enable drafted men to procure substitutes when drafted into said service. This was accordingly done, and Mr. Neece, in due time, introduced a bill be fore the legislature in accordance with the provisions of the above request. The bill became a law, receiving the signa ture of'the governor. On Monday, Feb ruary 6, 1865, the board of supervisors were called together to take action on this law. A dispatch Avas forwarded to Mr. Neece, inquiring into the provisions of the bill, and the answer being satis factory, John McSpirit offered the fol lowing resolutions, and moved their adoption, viz: Resolved by the board of supervisors of McDonough county, that the sum of three hun dred dollars be, and the same is, hereby appro priated to each and every volunteer that may have been, or shall be, enlisted in the military service of the United States, to fill the quota of McDonough county under the proclamation of the president of the United States, made in De cember, 1864, for 300,000 men to fill the army : provided, that this appropriation shall be al- loAved to no person Avho shall be credited to any other county, city or state, and to no person who shall volunteer or present a representative sub stitute from any townshiji after its quota under the present call shall have been filled. Also, that the sum of three hundred dollars be, and the same is, hereby appropriated to eacli person, a resident of this county, who shall be drafted under the present call, to furnish a substitute or enter the service himself : provided, further, that Avhere townships or parts of townshijjs have al ready furnished volunteers under the present call, by clubs or townships, and have paid the men so furnished, then such clubs, townships, or parts of townships, shall have the right to their respective shares of this appropriation, instead of the men so paid and in the service', to be paid to such person or persons as the club or tOAvn- ship may designate; to be divided pro rata among all persons contributing to such club or tOAvnship fund in proportion to the amount of their contribution: provided, also, that no in- 146 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. habitant of the city of Macomb shall be entitled to any part of this appropriation unless the tax to pay the same shall have been levied upon the property of said city, as well as the property of said county. For the payment of the above appropriations the clerk of the county court of McDonough county is hereby authorized and directed to draw his order on the treasurer of this county for the sum of three hundred dollars, ¦ payable in one year, and drawing six per cent, interest from date, in favor of each and every persons volun teering, and credited to the several townships and wards of said county, or their respective orders ; and also to each and every drafted man (after he shall have been accepted), or his order, so far as the same may be necessary to fill the quota of said county: provided, that any order for said sum of three hundred dollars may be made in amounts of fifty dollars, if required by the person entitled thereto. The certificate of the provost marshal of this district, as to the names of the persons volunteering or having been drafted, and as to the quotas of the differ ent townships or wards of this county, shall be sufficient evidence to the clerk to authorize him to act under the present appropriation. Various substitutes were offered for the foregoing resolutions. Among others G. W. Provine offered one embodying the following objections: First, that it would be unequal and unjust for those that have sons, or that have sent sons un der twenty-one years of age; second, that it is the duty and the privilege of every able-bodied man to respond to the call of his country in defense of his civil and religious liberties; third, that the making of such appropriations would in volve the county in such a debt as would result in bankruptcy and ruin. Previous to a vote upon the question the privilege was given to L. H. AVaters, J. S. Bailey and James M. Campbell to present their views. All the various substitutes were voted down, and the original resolutions of Mr. McSpirit were adopted. Mr. Hamilton afterwards (at March term, same year) endeavored to have passed a resolution exempting from taxation under the levy to raise money for the payment of the bounties certain classes, as follows: First, those who have been themselves in the service during the present war; second, those who may be widows or orphans of sol diers who have served in the present war; third, those have hired substitutes in the present war previous to the pres ent call; those from whose families mi nors have gone out as soldiers during the present war. This resolution was voted doAvn. It has been shown by official reports made by the county clerk to the state adjutant-general, that there were paid out by this county as bounty money the sum of $134,400. In addition to this, Mound township expended $5,860; Prai rie City, $18,049.39; New Salem, $6,266.- 50; a total for the county of $161,575.85. EOSTEE. The following is a complete roster of the citizens of McDonough county, who in that trying hour of a nation's need, left wife, children and comfortable homes, and shouldering the musket, went to the front in discharge of the patriot's duty. These are compiled from the adjutant general's report, and other offi cial and authentic sources. If there .are any inaccuracies of spelling, or omis sions, the historians hope that they will be pardoned, as the rolls have been fol lowed as nearly as possible, and none HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 147 has a higher appreciation of the "boys in blue," than than the writers of these annals : SECOND ARTILLERY. BATTERY H. Sergeant : Jonas Eckdall. Clark, Peter, Sr., Clark, Peter, Jr., Rutishamer, Jacob, Smith, James, Waldrick, Patrick, Corporal Newton, Privates: Jellison, John, McCarty, John, Megan, Martin, Stewart, Charles, Whitten, James, Walter, Isadore. BATTERY K. Harris, Columbus, Fishbburne, Thomas. BATTERY H — SECOND AETILLEKY. Battery H, 2d Illinois light artillery, was organized at Camp Butler, Illinois, December, 1861, by Captain Andrew Stenbeck, and was mustered in Decem ber 31, 1861, and February '6, 1862, moved to Cairo, Illinois, and was sta tioned at Fort Holt. One section moved to the siege of Fort Pillow, and returned to Columbus, Kentucky., and from there to Henderson and Avent into pursuit of Morgan, August 1. One section moved to Smithfield, Kentucky, and September 4, one moved to Clarksville, Tennessee, January 1, 1864, sixty-five men re-en listed as veterans, and were furloughed. During the summer of 1864, the men of the battery were mounted and armed, as cavalry, and used in scouting, etc. Au gust 8, engaged the enemy at Canton and Eockcastle Ford, Kentucky, and subse quently were in garrison at Clarksville, until July 15, 1865, when the battery, was moved , to Springfield, Illinois, for muster out, and accordingly July 29 was mustered out of service. Fourteen men of this battery were from McDonough county, none of whom were killed, and but one died. SECOND CAVALRY. COMPANY H. Captains : James D. Walker, » Josephus B. Venard. Lieutenant : George W. Naylor. Quartermaster Sergeant : Charles H. Rogers. Sergeant : Wm. Venable. Corporals : Gabriel Jones, Thomas Hays, Oliver Williams, ' John Shipman, John Venard. Buglers : William H. Hudson, Frank R. Kyle. Saddler : James Ellis. Privates : Austin, James, Brown, William, Halliday, Thomas L., Davis, George, Hanson, Nels, Ingram, Riley, Johnston, Henry, Kinkade, Mack, Freeland, Charles, Hufl, James E., Jewett, A. v., Keithiey, Andrew, Beck, James E., Bently, George R., Tift, Semer B., Bartleson, Charles, Chase, James P., Calvin, Henry C, Hamilton, Thomas, Hogan, Augustus, Jacobs, Mark F., Kohule, John, Limberge, Henry, Edward, Edmonds, Jackson, Edwin, Kinkade, John H., Yaple, Oscar, Beck, Jesse, Butcher, Bowman R., Tift, Silas J., 148 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Venard, George G., Wright, Hiram B,, Chapman, Amos, Lightfood, Armsted, Morgan, James' G., Munson, William P., McClure, James, Markham, Daniel, Norwood, Douglas, Payton, John, Rickets, Green, Shannon, John, Walker, Samuel P., Warren, Edward F., Curtis, Edward ,E., Cockerham, Daniel, Dunham, George, Butcher, Preston, Cockerham, William, -Lee, George W., Michaels, William F., Pace, Andrew J., Rouse, Levi H., Markham, Archey, Schultz, Wagle, William A., Webb, Silas H., Dickens, Joshua, Scott, Thomas, McMahon, Thad. C, Metts, Johu H., Martin, Charles E., Markham, Henry L., Oertel, Jacob, Rickets, Rival, Seiberling, Henry M., Tyson, Charles F., Welkin, Ohio, Wright, Thomas, Clugston, Warren, Dark, Samuel A., Butcher, John M,, Ballou, Charles, Knowles, Robertson B., Markham, Aaron, Morgan, Isaac L., Rickets, Pleasant G., Sullivan, John, Markham, Daniel, John H. SECOND CAVALEY EEGIMENT. It is very difficult to write the history of a regiment of cavalry, owing to the usual detached state of each company from the regimental headquarters. The following official history of company H, of this regiment, which was raised in this county, will give some idea of its services in the field. The company was organized at Ma comb by J. D. Walker, and accepted by the governor, July 24, 1861, and Avent into quarters at Camp Butler, S^u'ing- field, August 5, and mustered into the United States service August 12, 1861. It remained in the state until November 12, 1861, when it was ordered to Padu cah, Kentucky, where it was partly armed and equipped. From here the company made several important recon- noisances into the interior of Kentucky. They were ordered to Columbus, Ken tucky, March 11, 1862, being the first union soldiers to enter that rebel strong hold; here they remained until March 23, 1862, when they Avere ordered to Hickman, Kentucky. March 31, they were part of the force that attacked and captured Union City, then a rebel camp of instruction. Eeturned to Hickman, and remained until July 9, 1862, when they were ordered to Union City, thence to Crocket Station, and from there to Trenton, Tennessee, arriAdug June 18. Their duty while here was arduous, hav ing considerable scouting to do, the country being alive Avith guerrillas. On July 27 they scouted toward Browns ville, and for 17 days were continually skirmishing with the guerrillas. Ee turned to their camp at Trenton, and was ordered to Jackson, Tennessee, Aug ust 25, and the 29th to Bolivar, Tennes see, where they arrived on the 30th, and were immediately ordered into action, in which the noblest officer of the regi ment, Lieutenant-Colonel Hogg was killed. The cas.ualties of the regiment were heavy, but in company H were light. While in camp at Bolivar they scouted in Haywood county, destroying Captain Haywood's guerrilla band by capturing his camp, equipage, and forty men. The regiment was ordered to La grange, Tennessee, November 5, 1862, from which they made several reconnois- aiices, one iu the direction of Lamar, where they brought on an engagement with the rebels, driving them , away and taking possession of the field with eighty prisoner, company H meeting with slight HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 149 losses. On the 28th of November they took the advance of the army, moving through Holly Springs to Abbeyville, returned to Holly Springs December 2, aud went info camp. The rebel general, Van Dorn, made a raid upon Holly Springs December 20, 1862. After two hours hard fighting the rebels, with overwhelming numbers, drove this regi ment from their place, it losing 160 killed, wounded and missing. January 1, 1863, ordered to Memphis, where they had an opportunity to recuperate some. On the 22d of February moved to Young's Point, arriAdug the 23d, and March 14 ordered to Milliken's Bend', where they remained until the movement on Vicks burg commenced, this regiment taking the advance. March 31, moved on Eich mond, Louisiana, where they engaged the rebels across the bayou, Avhich, after about one hour's fighting, they captured. Left Eichmond April 5, moving down Eound Away bayou, skir mishing with the rebel colonel, Hanson's, command. April 14, camped at Smith's plantation; moved from here crossing Videl and Mill bayous in flat boats, and encamped at St. Joseph, Louisiana, the 28th. Crossed the Mississippi at Bruins- burg May 1, and arrived at Big Sandy the 5th. The duties of this regiment were heavy, having to picket the front of Osterhaus, and Hovey's divisions, and watching the flanks at- the battle of Champion Hills. May 16, 1863, they arrived at Big Black river, and the next day made thefirst reconnoissance in the rear of Vicksburg. They were engaged in scouting in the Yazoo val ley until June 9, 1863, when they were ordered to Big Black Bridge, on the Vicksburg and Jackson road remaining until July 5, when they advanced on Jackson. They skirmished heavily with the rebels four days, and arrived at Jackson on the ninth, and on the sixteenth were ordered to scout to Brookhaven, seventy-five miles below Jackson. Eeturned July 20, and were ordered to Vicksburg, where they ar rived July 28, 1863. August 5, were ordered down the Mississippi river to Natchez, remaining until the fifteenth, when they Avere ordered to Carrollton, Louisiana, and September 5 to Mor- ganza, Louisiana, where they skirmished with the rebels fifteen days, and on the 29th the rebels brought on a general engagement, compelling them to retreat. October 9, 1863, they reported to Gen eral Lee at New Orleans, and on the 15th left for Brashear City, arriving on the 17th, and at Franklin, the 18th, New Iberia the 19th, at Vermilionville, Octo ber 20, 1863. ' On the twenty-first they advanced on the Bayou Teche road, and brought on an engagement with the enemy, meeting slight losses. Novem ber 1, returned to Vermilionville, and on the llth engaged the rebels at Car rion Crow Bayou Crossing, one killed and three wounded. January 5, 1864, ordered to New Orleans to recuperate, they arriving on the 16th. The com pany was mustered out November 22, 1865. There were in this company, from McDonough county, 91 men, four of whom were killed, four died, and four wounded. SEVENTH CAVALRY. COMPANY K. Adams, Matthew, Gustasson, Alexander, Jamieson, Lewis M., Nelson, Enoch, Smith, Lewis M. 150 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. COMPANY L. Captains : George M. Scott, Squire A. Epperson, Daniel M. Wilt. First Lieutenant : James Price, Warren W. Porter. Second Lieutenants : Squire A. Epperson, Daniel M. Wilt, Elijah F. Martin. Lewis Pickel, Quartermaster Sergeant : Alexander W. Scott. ' Israel Markham, John R. Sperling, Lester Husted, John T. Lancy, Sergeants : James W. Lancy, Eliab Martin. Corporals : Alexander Lockard, Henry B. Parvin, George Stansbury. Privates : Dewey, George I., Hammer, John, Hopwood, Josephus, Lair, Daniel, Meyers, Christian, Price, James, Wilt, Daniel M., Wilson, James, Atkinson, Charles, Allison, Samuel, Burnett, Daniel D., Campbell, .Tohn A., Husted, Marion, Elliott, Jasper S., Johnson, Nathaniel L., Matthewson, Josiah C, McDermott, Patrick, Markham, Hiram, McGinnis, John, McClure, Winslow, Pyle, Benjamin F., Scott, Seymour R., Wissler, Jonas, Wooley, Lewis B., Francis, Henry H., Harris, Alexander, Lambert, David, Long, Henry, Myers, Frederick, Schall, Samuel S., Wilson, James M., Adcock, Joseph, Adcock, George L., Brown, William B., Boughner, Christian, Epperson, John L., Eveland Charles B., Henry, Lorenzo D., Jones, Thomas G., Mitchell, Levi, Markham, Frank, Markham, Harrison, Myers, James J., Park, William B., Schall, John L., Thompson, Henry, Willis, William IL, White, William J. SEVENTH ILLINOIS CAVALEY. This regiment was organized during during the summer of 1861, with Wil liam Pitt Kellogg as colonel; Edward Prince, lieutenant-colonel; Cyrus Hall, major; Sidney Stockdale, adjutant. Com pany L of the regiment was organized at Bushnell, by Captain George M. Scott, in August, 1861, and mustered into the United States service Septem ber 3, 1861. The regiment remained at Camp Butler until December, 1861, when it was moved to Cairo, thence to Bird's Point, Missouri. It remained here until March 5, 1862. Engaged in the capture of New Madrid and Island No. 10; also in capture of Corinth and pursuit of the rebels. Guarded the Memphis and Charleston railroad in Alabama, until September 9, 1862. After this the above company participated in the following engagement: luka, Mis sissippi, September, 1862; Burnesville, Mississippi, September 19, 1862; Cor. inth, October 3 and 4; Hudson Lane, November, 1862; Oxford, December -1, 1862; Yancona creek, December 3; Wa ter Valley, December 4; CoffecAdlle, De cember 5; Covington, Tennessee, March 8, 1863; Union Church, Mississippi, April, 1863; Plain Store, Louisiana, May 25; Clinton, Louisiana, July 3; Quin's Mills, Mississippi, August 1; Sa lem, Mississippi, September 9; CoUier- ville, Tennessee, September 11 ; Byhalia Mississippi, September 12; AVyattsford, Mississippi, September 13; CoUierville, Tennessee, October 10, 1863; Moscow, October 12, 1863; Espanola, Tennessee, December 24; Summerville, Tennessee, December 26; West Point, Mississippi, February 20, 1864; Okalona, Mississippi, HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 151 February 23; Pontiac, Mississippi, Feb ruary 24; Guntown, Mississippi, June 10; Memphis, Tennessee, July 21; Shoal creek, Tennessee, November; Lawrence- burg, Tennessee, November 21; Camp bellville, Tennessee, November 24; Franklin, Tennessee, November 10; Nashville, December 15 and 16; Harpe creek, Tennessee, December 17; Euth erford creek, Tennessee, December 19; Anthony Hill, Tennessee, December 25, Besides a number of long, wearisome marches, the company participated in several important raids, among which was Grierson's famous raid, made in April, 1863, from LaGrange, Tennessee, to Baton Eouge, Louisiana, traveling in sixteen days a distance of eight hundred miles. After which the company par ticipated in the siege and capture of Port Hudson, Louisiana, in June and July of 1863. A portion of the com pany re-enlisted as veterans, February 9, 1864, under Captain Daniel Wilt, Lieutenants James Price and Lewis Pickel. There were 185 officers and privates enlisted in this company — many being recruits — 59 of this number were from this county. The company, although very active all during the war, did not suffer as many did, there being but five killed; sixteen died. The company was mustered out at Nashville, Tennessee, November 4, 1865. Mr. Clarke tells the following anecdote: "J. L. Epperson, a member of this regiment, was not addicted to the use of profane language, and condemned it in others, but on one occasion the boys claimed , that they had a famous joke on him. While in camp at a cer tain place he went down to a stream to get a drink of fresh water, and as he raised up from quenching his thirst, he was fired upon by a couple of bush whackers, one of whom had a shot-gun and the other a musket. Although they were only about forty steps away, they failed to touch him, when he quickly drew his revolver, firing three shots at them as they retreated, and in all earnestness exclaiming: 'You playgonit cowards, you!' His comrades laughed at him for his conduct, telling him he had disgraced the noble 7th, in fact, the entire army, by his terrible swear ing; that the rebels would think them an awful wicked set of fellows, to hear such oaths coming from a Union sol dier," EIGHTH CAVALRY. COMPANY (J. Danley, William L., Delaney, Dennis, Edmonston, James C, Luton, Samuel, Luther, James. Lear, John W. O'Brian, James, Woolary, George. ELEVENTH CAVALRY. COMPANY I. Captains : Harvey T. Gregg, William R. Hays. First Lieutenant: Joseph Edell. Second Lieutenants : John H. Hays, Henry C. Fuller. Sergeants : John H. Hays, Martin V. Owen. Corporals : Theophilus Spiellman, Robert S. Brooking, Adam S. Zimmerman. 152 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Privates : COMPANY M. Butterfield, C. W., Camp, Edward S , Captain : Calkins, George W., Cox, R. S., John A. Gray. Davidson, Henry C, Duncan, Elijah, Edell, Joseph, Friend, Thomas J., Freeland, Fleming F., Gates, George C, Graves, William C, Gove, Charles, TWELFTH CAVALRY. Hays, Levi S., Holler, Joseph, COMPANY D. Hume, Robert W., Keithiey, Francis M., Kirkpatrick, Wm. B., Lowe, Austin, Sergeant: McKinney, Ephraim, Metcalf, William, E., Danford Taylor, Mayhugh, McCullum, McQueen, Arlow, Privates : Pennington, Thomas, Pennington, Allen, Arter, William, Blazer, David, Schenck, Phillip, Spirva, F. M,, Doran, Williain, Loftis, Benjamin, Webster, Francis B., AVeston, Benjamin F., Bushnell, Homer, Bughman, James K. P. Bailey, William S., Butler, Ozias, Whitsel, Henry, " Bryle, Charles R., Murphy, C. R., Miller, Frank. Butler, Harry R., Courson, Andrew, COMPANY L. Cunningham, Wm., Coe, Edward D., Davis, Reuben A., Durham, Wm. A., Alden, John H., Foster, James, Duncan, Elias, Edell, Louis, Fonts, John C, Giles, Daniel F., Foster, Wm. H., Farris, Wm. C, Hinesman, John C, Hughson, Jacob D., Grove, Benjamin F., Grigsby, Redmond, Lipsey, James B., Martin, Norton D., Hays, George W., Hainline, Nathan G., Morgan, George W., Montrose, Charles, Jackson, Henry D., Jackson, John, Nichols, George W., Robb, Francis C, Luthey, Francis A., Lillard, Augustus, Sapp, Calvin A., Shultz, Josiah M., Mitchell, Marcellus, Moore, William W., Tanner, William, Tainter, David N., Millington, German, McQueen, Norman, Thompson, John S., Wentzel, Abram. Pennington, F. M., Pennington, S. M., COMPANY M. Pennington, Wm. R., Pennington, John L., Snyder, Henry, Titus, John M., Brassfield, James, David, John F., Wyman, J. Alex., Willard, Reiley, Mitchell, Theodore, Toland, James B. Williams, Reuben, York, Francis. COMPANY G. SIXTEENTH CAVALRY. Pixley, Enoch. COMPANY L. COMPANY K. Commissary Sergeant: Botkins, Ira B., Harvermail, Mont. H., James C. Canfield. Hefley, William, Johnson, Edwin W., Johnson, Sylvanus B., Little, Henry C, Corporal : Morse, William H., Ratikin, Silas E., Joseph Markham. • Shultz, David A., Sweegle, Robert, Privates : • Sweegle^ John, Vandall, Charles W. Able, Thomas, Beard, James, COMPANY L. Fultz, Frederick, Beardsley, Bartemus, Bellew, Henry H., Cochran, Mahlon B., Gleason, William IL, Martin, George. Howai'd, Joseph T. 1 Missing Page Missing Page HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 155 TWELFTH INFANTRY. Privates : COMPANY A. Adams, Edward A. Allison, Joshua. Cochran, Alexander, Godfrey, Samuel, Jones, George W., Stark, William, Naylor, William B. Brandon, Calvin K. Bell, James F. Brooks, Harrison. Chapman, Thomas B. Clarke, Benjamin P. Doran, William M. Delaney, Patrick H. Ervin, James. Fishbourne,Thomas M., Forrest, James M., Franklin, William J., Gordon, Harrison, SIXTEENTH INFANTRY. Graham, John M,, Grooms, Nathaniel C, Gash, George B,, Hainline, Baxter., ROSTER OF OFFICERS. Hainline, George L., Mainline, William H., Lieutenant Colonels : Hampton, Van C, Hampton, Harrison H., Samuel Wilson, James A. Chapman. Hart, Henry, Hayden, John, Head, William H., Hendrickson, James F., Quartermaster : Henderson, Edward F., Hicks, William, Thomas J. Coulter. Hook, Charles, Hurley, Edward, Hospital Steward: Kelly, Edwin D., Kendrick, Nathaniel H., King, William F., Lea, Archibald T., Patrick H. Delaney. Logan, William,. Loucks, Wellington, Musician : Lane, Cyrus, Mattison, D. W., Morrison, Robert, Montague, Charles, Enoch Welker. McCartney, John M., Merrick, Charles W., COMPANY A. McCurdy, Martin, Overstreet, William H., /^ . . Price, Miles, Prentice, William H., Captains : Rutherford, Robert A., Sackett, Charles, Virgil Y. Ralston, Benjamin F. Pinkley, Shannon, Aaron, Slocum, George, Eben White. Ambrose Updegraff. Speake, Richard H., Spear, James T., First Lieutenants : Spencer, Benjamin F., Sperry, Orren, . Benjamin F. Pinkley, Henry W. Gash, John V. Mason. Stainbrook, James H., Strenge, George, Simmons, Fletcher C, Shrader, John B,, Taylor, Thomas B,, Taylor, Albert, Second Lieutenant: Thomas, Lloyd, Jr., Thomas, Abel, Hiram H. Bartholomew. Thompson, Ellis, Updegraff, Ambrose, First Sergeant : Walters, Charles, Wheeler, George, Wood, Wesley W., William, Benjamin F., Henry W. Gash. White, Eben, Crowl, John H., Sergeants : Clark C. Morse, John E. Lane, Charles L. Sanders. Campbell,' John T., Clark, Richard J., Ellis, Alvin C, Fox, Hugh, Hastings, George P., Hamilton, George A., Hainline, Nathan T., Kelly, William, Corporals : Kendrick, James W., Keho, Miles, Joseph M. Gaston, Marsh B. Burr, William H. Bonham, John V. Mason, John C. Bell, William Morrison, McDonough, John W., Phillips, Charles A., Ragon, William M.. Smith, Charles W. Lane, William, Thoo^s, Winfield S. James L. Hainline. William F. Bayne. COMPANY B. Musicians : Captain : Enoch Welker. Samuel P. Danley. David P. Wells. IO 156 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. First Lieutenants: Wm. L. Broaddus, George W. Ray, Second Lieutenants: Abram Rowe, x E. K. Westfall, James A. Chapman, George W. McAllister, Benjamin Lowe, Gilbert W. Parvin, First Sergeant : Elnathan K. Westfall. Sergeant : Henry Bailey, Wm. S. Hendricks, William H. Campbell. Corporals : Henry W. McAllister, James A. Chapman, Alexander D. Hail, William H. Walker, James M. Eyre, Williain Powers. Wagoner : Samuel Manholland. Privates : Allerd, Jeremiah, Buchanan, Robert A., Dillon, James I., Gill, John, Hammer, William B., Jones, Perry C, Keener, Henry H., Layton, Henry C, McGraw, Thomas F., Pile, William S., Parvin, Gilbert T., Ritohey, Simon, Slater, Isaac O., Starr, Osc^r P., Strickler, Robert P., Truitt, Lafayette, Walker, Wm. P., Wovely, John, Yocum, Sylvester, Dillon, Andrew J., Myrick, Myron N., Jones, I. N., Bates, Edward, Brink, Thomas, Farrier, Charles I., Hogue, George P., Jellison, James, Kipling, Thomas, Lowe, Benjamin, Miller, William N., McCampbell, James I., Parr, James, Rugh, Joseph, Ray, George W., Smith, John W., Smithers, Joseph, Thompson, Julius G., Tordy, James A., Wolf, John W., Wetherhojd, George, Campbell, Alex. B., Green, Wm. C, Nebergall, A. J. C. S., Toland, Isaac. Abram Rowe, COMPANY c. Captains : George W. Patrick, First Lieutenants : Edwin Moore, James Donaldson, Pelatiah Wilson. Second Lieutenant: Edwin Moore. First Sergeant : Ebenezer Rhodes, Sergeants : Sylvester C. Gilbert, James Donaldson, Andrew J. Duncan, Pelatiah Wilson, Corporals : James M.Johnson, .lohn' P. Humbert, Edward Wilson, Richard Betston, Don. C. Salisbury, Richard Hobert, William Wilson. Fifer: William S. Johnson. Wagoner : Isaac Allshire. Privates : Barnett, James, Barnett, Edward, Dalton, James. Fritz, Charles S., Hendricks, Benjamin, Johnson, Alexander M., Lane, Wilson, McGrew, George W., Smithwait, John, Taylor, John, Tones, Walker, Turner, Henry, Young, Robert, Brundage, Daniel, Hobart, Lewis, Nutall, William, Leary, Patrick J., Newland, Frederick, Thorp, James, Taylor, Richard, Tuttle, Charles 6., Watts, Hiram, Barrett, Samuel D., Bagbie, Thomas, Lane, William B„ Scott, John, Slater, Thomas, COMPANY D. Carter, Smith W., Webster, Eleazar. COMPANY G. Cannon, William, Currier, Elon, Lester, Cyrus, Wyatt, Samuel, Burson, Jesse A., Newell, Jacob, Pontious, David, Steel, William, Swartz, Benjamin. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 157 COMPANY I. Freeland, Snyder, Runkle, Joseph. COMPANY K. Corey, Silas G., Cooper, John M., Johnson, Thomas J., Rigney, John H., Tipton, James, Conley, John, VanSlake, Daniel, Maxwell, John C, Veal, John S. THE SIXTEENTH ILLINOIS INFANTEY, This celebrated regiment was organ ized at Quincy, Adams county, Illinois, under what is called the "ten regiment act," on the 24th of May, 1861, and was mustered into the service of the United States a,t that place, by Captain T. G- Pitcher, of the regular service, on the 12th of June of the same year. The first officers were: Colonel E. F. Smith; Lieutenant- Colonel Samuel Wilson, of Colchester; Major Samuel M. Hays; Adjutant Charles D. Kerr; Quartermas ter Thomas J. Coulter, of Macomb; and Louis Watson, surgeon. Immediately after its muster, it moved to Grand Eiver, Missouri, and was employed as a guard along the line of the Hannibal and St. Joseph railroad. One detach ment, under the command of Colonel Smith, at Monroe Station, on the 10th of July, sustained an attack of some 1,600 mounted confederates, and held the position until the arrival of rein forcements, when the assailants de camped. On the 16th of the same month, in a skirmish at Caldwell's Sta tion, the regiment lost two men killed and two wounded. On the 20th of Aug ust, the regiment, once more united, marched together with other troops under General Stephen Hurlburt, to Honeyville, Missouri, in pursuit of the column under General Green, and arrived at that town on the 1st of September. Here they remained' .until the 10th of the same month, when they were ordered to St. Joseph, but on arrival at that place marched to Platte City, where, to gether Avith the 3d Iowa infantry, they had a skirmish v/ith the enemy, and on the 13th returned to St. Joseph. While here, Captain Geo. W. Patrick left com pany C, and returned, and was succeeded by Abram Eowe, of Macomb. The reg iment went into camp, and drilled until January 27, 1862, when they moved to Bird's Point, Missouri, in obedience to orders, and on the 3d of March to New Madi'id, and assigned a place in the 2d brigade, 1st division of the army of the Mississippi. On the evening of the 12th of March, the 16th and 10th IlU nois Avere detailed to erect some fortifi cations, and moving forward they threw up a line of earthworks within half a mile of the enemy's works, and in which were mounted four pieces of heaA^y ord nance. In the conflict the next day, the 16th was mainly engaged in supporting the batteries of siege guns. On the 7th of April the brigade formed of the 10th and 16th Illinois infantry regiments, were taken across -the Mis sissippi river and followed the rebel forces retreating from New Madrid to Tiptonville, Tennessee, where they cap tured five thousand prisoners, and large quantities of artillery, small arms and ammunition, and on the 9th of the same month, returned to New Madrid, flushed with victory. On the 17th of April, they were embarked at Osceola, Arkansas and taken to Hamburg, Tennessee, from whence they marched to Corinth, where 158 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. they participated in the siege of that place. After the evacuation, they pur sued the retreating enemy as far as Booneville, but on the 12th of June re turned and camped at Big Springs. Eight days later they moved to the Tus cumbia, Alabama, and on the 29th, crossed the Tennessee at Florence, and marched to Nashville. Here they ar rived after 17 days' continual marching and guerilla fighting, losing one man killed and five wounded. They were now placed in garrison at Edgefield, to guard the railroad bridge, so necessary to keep open communica tion for supplies, and on the 5th of Nov ember they were attacked by General Morgan, but they gallantly withstood the assault and repulsed the rebels with heavy loss, their own being one killed and five wounded. Among the latter was Captain Eowe. General W. T. Sherman with a force numbering a little less than one hun dred thousand men of all arms, with two hundred and fifty-four guns, in the spring of 1864, started on his ever mem orable campaign, to penetrate the heart of the confederacy, draw off the atten tion of a large portion of the forces of the South, so that they could not re-in- force the hard pressed army of Virginia. The country to be traversed was almost chaotic in its upheaval. Eugged moun tains, deep, narrow ravines, thick prim itive woods, crossed by narrow, ill- made roads, succeed each other for forty miles; then intervenes a like distance of comparatively open country, only to be succeeded by another rugged, diffi cult region of mountains and passes which reaches nearly to the Chattahoo chee river, across which, eight miles distant, lay the important city of AtUanta. The gallant band of heroes called the 16th Illinois infantry, lead now under the command of Colonel Cahill, partici pated in all of the movements and en gagements that led up to the siege of Atlanta, and honorably acquitted them selves at Snake Creek Gap, Eesaca and others. General Sherman now invested At lanta, and settled down to take the plaice, which was strongly fortified. -On the 22d of June, General Hood fell, by a long flank movement, upon our left and rear, at or near Decatur, but the 16th being in another part of the field took no part in the conflict, except as acting the pari of reserve. Again at the flght at Jonesborough, on the 7th of September, 1864, the 16th was in line, and to quote the words of Greeley in -his history of the war: "These soldiers stood as stUl as though bullet proof." The regiment was mustered out July 8, 1865, at Louisville, Kentucky, and ar rived at Camp Butler, July 10, 1865, where it was finally paid off and the men discharged. Mr. Clarke, in his history of the county, has given some humorous inci dents connected with fuen in this regi ment, which we quote without apology : "While this regiment was stationed at Memphis, a couple of Irishmen found time to pay court to a pretty Irish maiden residing there. Jealousy existed in the hearts of both, and each did his level best to win the good graces of the fair one, Avhile at the same time he would utterly demolish his rival. One even- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 159 ing both happened to call upon the loved one at the same time, and fell to demean ing each other in her presence. Becom ing tired of this they began bragging of their ancestors. One said his father was a very wealthy man in the old country and a lineal descendant of a noble lord. The other responded, T can't say my father is very wealthy and a descendant of a lord, but I can say he came to this country when a poor boy and became a great builder and architect, planning' some of the finest buildings and works of art in this country; in fact, he was the principal architect of the natural bridge in Virginia!' 'Take the girl,' said the other, 'I have nothing more to say'. " In the regiment was a German going by the name of Solomon, an easy-going, good-natured soul. One day he came into camp from a foraging expedition, and related an adventure of his as fol lows: "As I vas coming along te road, somepody he behint me holered out, 'Get out of te road.' I taught it Avas some tam cavalry man, and I paid no 'tention to him. Butty soon he hollers out again, 'Get out of te rdad you tam of a '-.' I tought ten it vas somepody vot knowd me, ven he callt me py name, and I looks around, and dere vas John Bope (General Pope), and I gets out of te road butty quicks." ''While in Missouri, General Pope, for some cause, took a dislike to this regiment, and charged them with being a set of thieves, and said they would steal everything they could lay their hands on. Afterward, at Tiptonville, this regiment, with the 10th Illinois, captured 5,000 prisoners without the rebels firing a gun, and when General Pope heard of it, he enquired of Gen eral Payne how it was done. The ques tion was overheard by a member of the regiment, who quickly responded, "Gen eral, I can tell you how it was done. The 16th stole all their ammunition, and they couldn't fire.' "On a long march the men were apt to break ranks, which being obseiwed, the order was given to "close up," which order was carried all along the line. On one occasion, a large number of "contra bands" were following the regiment, when this order was given. An old col ored lady, thinking the order was meant for her, raised her clothes a little above her ankles, and turning to the officer near her who gave tlie command, inno cently asked, "Is that high enough, massa'?" " The following letter, which we give precisely as received, without the change of a single word, was received by Cap tain Eowe, while the regiment was sta tioned at St. Joseph. It is needless to say the captain, being a "gintleman that he was," made the boys pay their just debts, and immediately forward the " sax dollars " to the lady. For this kind deed we have no doubt the lady has always held him in kind remembrance: Tha Sitty o Qoancy Nov. 1, 1861. Captain Rowe. — Ant yer company after bein ashamed o' yerselves to let a pure Aviddy go wid no pay 4 munths when u hev yer one pay long sense ye rite wel no I did yer washin when yer Avere in this sitty and ye hev never ben the men to pay an not let the childers cryin fer bred drab yer eis may ye have never be after bein hungry childers yerselves, Avid a mothers hart in ye at all, now that ye ma niver forget it my name is Cath arine O'Sullivan an did the washin fur companie C whin Captain Cahill wus the after bein the boss 160 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Captain and jeems Barnett was the Clark an he sed he wud see it pade wil ye no dear Captin Rowe tha do sa ye ar after bein dacent gintle man yerself an wuld uiver like ter see yer one childers cri fur bred wunt ye be as a gude man as ye are hilp me get the 6 dolirs that companie C oes me fur washin when I walked a mile and a half to git it and fatch it home twice almost every weak when tha wur at Kemp wut Michael Reedy noes I did the wurk so dus michael lynch no it, I an wil tel ye the same if yer ouor Avil but ask him S,n he wus married when he was at Quancy an a dacent man he seamed But Jim Barnet tuk the names fur me an he can tel best that tha oe me sax dolirs fur washin an will tes tify on the cross if he still in companie c yet an wil tel the trooth about it. Catherine O'Sullivan To Captain Rowe Mich ael lynch or Reedy or Jeems Barnet who all no the Captin noe that companie c oes me sax dol lars. Wel ye plase try an get the muny fur the lady as shea is very pure and neads it much an got me to rite for her set it to Mr. Newton Fagg for Catherine O'SuUiven sax dolrs. SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY. COMPANY C. Privates : Douglas, Royal, Murry, William, Still, K. D., Hendryx, Williani, Sanford, Sylvester, Demits, Ernest. EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY. COMPANY F. Corporal : George P. Norton. Musician : Bdward P. Vail. Privates : McClure, James P., Waggle, Jasper S. COMPANY I. Corporals : William L. Brooks, James N. Tedrdn. Privates : Daniels, Daniel L., Ellis, Isaac W., Ervin, James D., HuV)bard, William, Hall, Edward, Johnson, George M., Messick, David H., Snyder, Alvin A., Tedron, M., Woods, William H. TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. REGIMENTAL OEPICERS. Lieutenant Colonel: Louis H. Waters. Quartermasters : Hugh Ervin, Arthur G. Burr. Richard Lawrence. Surgeon. John Kemper. Sergeant Major : Charles E. Waters. Hospital Stewards: Robert R. C. Danley, Albert G. Sullivan. COMPANY D. Captain : Gladden L. Farwell. First Lieutenant : John B. Pearson. Second Lieutenants : Charles Conover, Daniel K. Miller, Andrew W. McGoughy, Henry H. Henderson. Sergeant : Robert Pearson. Corporals : Ezra V. Sayer, Joseph T. Walker, Joseph Gill, Solomon Foster, Elijah Patrick. Musician : Robert R. C. Danley. Privates : Anderson, John E., Bloss, William, Blackford, Isaac, Brant, Abraham, HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 161 Courtright, Van. H., DaAvson, Richard, Freeland, N. B., Faulkner, Thomas, Gordon, John, Hobart, Edwin L., Hillyer, Isaac C, Hoyt, Lucien, Long, Albert, Matheny, William H., Metts, Clinton, McGee, Samuel R., Penrose, Henry W., Russell, J. T., Simmons, Rowen L., Shepherd, S. R., Spencer, Richard, Teas, George H., Welch, Azro B., Wayland, E. Q. A., Welch, Sylvester B., Gordon, James A., Kearns, Marion, Broaddus, Edward L., Jellison, Zimri, Corman, William, Freeland, Francis, Freeth, George W., Gill, Josiah, Hardesty, Wm. Hillyer, Lambert, Hawk, Samuel, Keller, William, Laughlin, John W., Menzies, Walter, Milligan, Albert, Nichols, Seymour, Pierce, Prank, Smithers, Thomas J., Sharp, Samuel, Penrose, John F., Smith, John, Twitchell, William, Welch, James M., Warren, Francis L., Carter, James L., Heath, E. A., Plotts, Joseph C, Gordon, Benjamin P., Keller, Joseph. COMPANIES A AND B, DRAFTED. Privates : Patrick, John R., Brothers, Albert, Seward, John A., Taylor, Henry L., COMPANY K. First Sergeant ; Ellis S. Stokes : Corporals : Thomas W. Blackston, Joseph A. Thornburg. Privates ; Barker, James, Davis, James R., Edmunson, Wm. D., Nergeman, Henry, Nichols, Alvinus W., Phillips, Martin, Scott, Theodore H., White, Marcus, Young, Ralph J. THE TWENTY-EIGHTH ILLINOIS INFANTBY. The gallant band of heroes well known to fame as the 28th infantry was organ ized at Oamp Butler, Springfield, in August 1861, with Amory K. Johnson, of Petersburg, as colonel; Louis H. Wa ters, of Macomb, lieutenant-colonel; Charles J. Sellon, major; J. B. T. Mead, adjutant; and Hugh Ervin, quarter-mas ter. On the 28th of August, the regi ment moved to Thebes, Illinois, and on the 9th of September to Bird's Point, Missouri, and first put foot on rebel soil. On the 2d of Oetober, they proceeded to Fort Holt, Kentucky, where they re mained in the brigade of Colonel John Cook, until January 31, 1862. While under his command several marches were made south and east from the fort, biit no engagement was had of any note. On the date last above mentioned, the regi ment moved to Paducah, where upon arrival they were assigned to the brigade of Colonel M. Smith, in the brigade of General Lew. Wallace. On the 5th of February the brigade moved up the Ten nessee river, with the other troops under General Grant, and took part in the cap ture of Forts Henry and Hinman, Feb ruary 13, a detachment of 48 men and 12 officers, under Colonel Johnson, met the enemy (500 strong), at Little Bethel church, five miles from Fort Henry, and immediately attacked and routed them. On March 6, having been assigned to General Hurlbut's, (Fourth) division, they moved to Pittsburg Landing, arriv ing the 17th. Early on the morning of the 6th of April the regiment was called into line and marched half a mile to the front, where it met the enemy driving General Prentiss. It was assigned to a position on the left of the line, in the Peach Or chard. The enemy immediately attack ed it, but were repulsed; and it held its 162 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. position from 8 o'clock a. m. until 3 p. M., only then retiring under orders from Brigadier-General S. A. Hurlbut, com manding the old fighting 4th division. On the morning of the 7th it held a posi tion on the right of the line, and was hotly engaged until the battle closed and the victory won. During those two long, trying, bloody days the regiment behaved nobly, and was never broken or driven back by the enemy, though often most heavily pressed. The regiment here sustained a loss of 239 killed and wounded. All the historians of this fearfully contested field highly compli ment this noble band of heroes, who that day distinguished themselves at a fear ful cost. W^hen the news of their gal lant conduct reached this their home the enthusiasm knew no bounds. At the first meeting of the board of supervisors held thereafter, Hon. James M. Campbell introduced the following resolution, which, on motion, Avas unani mously adopted: Resolved, That James M. Wallin, Esq., the chairman of this board, be requested to procure and present to Captain G. L. Farwell, for his company D, Twenty-eighth regiment, Illinois volunteers, a national flag as a token of merit for distinguished patriotism in the battle of Shiloh, on the sixth and seventh of April last, on behalf of McDonough county, Illinois. It was engaged in the siege of Corinth during the month of May, 1862. Marched to Memphis, via Grand Junc tion, Lagrange, Holly Springs, Moscow, Lafayette, Colliersville and Germantown,' reaching Memphis July 21, 1864. Marched September 6, reaching Bolivar the 14th; marched October 4th, to Big Muddy river ; October 5, engaged in the battle of Metamora, on Hatchie yiver, losing 97 killed, wounded and missing. Eeturned to Bolivar October 7, and left for Lagrange November 3. Marched from Lagrange, November 29, to Holly Spring; thence to Lumpkin's Mill, Wa terford, Abbeville and Oxford to Tocona creek; December 21, to Tocona station; thence to Tallahatchie river, Waterford, Lumpkin's Mills, and December 30, was assigned to duty of guarding the railroad from Holly Springs to Waterford, Mis sissippi. January 8, 1863, marched via Holly Springs to Moscow and Lafayette; re turned and camped at Colliersville, where it was assigned to guard railroad. Eegi ment at this time being in the 3d brigade, fourth division, sixteenth army corps, was engaged in the siege of Vicks burg, from June 11 to July 4, 1863. On the 12th of July, 1863, near Jack son, Mississippi, the 28th, 41st and 53d Illinois, and 3d Iowa infantry, not ex ceeding 800 men, were ordered to charge across an open level corn field, some 600 yards, and carry a strong line of the enemy's works, mounting 12 guns and manned by at least 2,000 men. The brigade swept gallantly forward under a destructive fire of grape, canister and minie bullets. The enemy appearing upon both flanks as it reached the ditch it was compelled to fall back, with a loss of more than half of the rank and file killed or wounded. The eight companies of this regiment in line, numbering 128 men, lost 73 killed and wounded, and 16 taken prisoners. September 1, 1863, the 28th formed part of an expedition from Natchez to Harrisonburg, compelling the enemy to evacuate Fort Beauregard. The regi- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 163 ment remained at Natchez doing provost guard duty in the city. The regiment re-enlisted as veterans, and on July 4, 1864, was mustered for three years' veteran service, and May 18, proceeded to Illinois for veteran fur lough. May 29, every man Avho had been furloughed reported at Camp But ler, Illinois, and the regiment moved for Natchez. October 10, the regiment was consoli dated into four companies, and on the 12th embarked for Morganzia, Louisiana. November 3, embarked for mouth of White river; arrived the 7th; left the 20th; arrived at Memphis the 22d. Here the regiment received 200 recruits, which were organized into two companies; was assigned to the 1st brigade district of West Tennessee, Major General C. C. Washburne, commanding; December 21, formed part of an expedition to Moscow; arrived the 23d, and returned to Mem phis the 31st. On January 3, 1865, embarked for Kenerville, Louisiana, arriving the 6th, and on the 12th, embarked for Mobile Point, Louisiana, and encountering a heavy gale on the voyage were compelled to throw overboard 130 mules and horses to save the vessel; arrived back at the mouth of the Mississippi, February 14, and proceeded to New Orleans. On the 14th, moved to Lake Ponchartrain, on the 17th embarked for Fort Morgan, Mobile Bay, camped at Navy Cove, and arrived at Fish river March 25, and Spanish Fort the 27th. In the advance upon Spanish Fort the regiment occupied the extreme right of the division and corps, and held this position during the entire siege of 14 days, losing 14 killed and wounded, in cluding two captains. April 10, marched to Fort Blakely, then returned and on the 12th, entered the city of Mobile, and on the 13th, marched to Whistler Station and skir mishing with the enemy. May 11, moved within three miles of Mobile, Alabama. June 3, 1865, reviewed by Chief Justice Chase. July 2, embarked for Brazos Santiago, Texas ; arrived July 6; 7th, marched to Clarksville; August 2, march ed for Brownsville, arriA^ed the 3d. The regiment was mustered out March 15, 1866. Number enlisting at organization 761, recruits 959.' Total 1,620 ;284 wounded, 241 killed and died. Of the 28th, 89 men were from this county, in two companies, D, and K, of whom nine were killed, nine died, and 15 wounded. Their record was a glorious one. THIRTIETH INFANTRY. COMPANY B. Privates : Wagoner, Jacob. Wheeler, Benjamin F. FIFTIETH INFANTRY. COMPANY D. PriA'ates : McManigle,William R. Willis, John J. COMPANY P. Private : Clarke, Thaddus S. COMPANY G. Evans, William H., Ewalt, Nicholas, McManimie, W., McManimie, Marion a., Myers, Noah, Perkey, Daniel, Atherton, Finley B. Strode, Jesse B. FIFTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. REGIMENTAL OFFICERS. Lieutenant Colonel: Milton L. Haney. 164 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Major: G. F. Hand. Chaplain : M. L. Handy. COMPANY F. First Lieutenants : Joshua R. Benton, David N. Holmes. Second Lieutenants: Joseph W. Parks, John B. Johnson. First Sergeant : James M. Shreeves. Sergeant : George Sanford. Corporals : George H. Rogers, David M. Crambaugh, Giles F. Hand. Musician : David J. Matheny. Privates : Brady, Archibald C. Benton, Joshua, Carnes, William H., Crowl, William A., Dewey, John 0. Dunlap, LeGrand, Eads, John, Fpwraker, George W., Pugate, Robert M., Holmes, David N., Hensley, Samuel H., Hartsook, Joseph, Hutchins, George W., Inman, Jesse N., Jameson, Robert S., Long, Samuel, Lybarger, Milton C, Medaris, Joseph B., Medaris, John C, Miller, Jacob C, Moore, Albertson, Newkirk, George W. Putnam, Joseph P., Patterson, Robert 8., Potinger, Samuel W., Rogers, Lewis B., Rickman, Moses B., Booth, William, Bane, George, Carries, John, Crowl, George P. Dewey, Edwin, Davis, Lloyd P. Ewing, Joseph B., Foster, Channing B., Fleharty, John N., Hartsook, Daniel, Hendricks, James, Hartman, Aaron V., Hoyt, Oliver J., Jones, Samuel, Johnson, John A. Long, George W. Mead, Alfred, Maxwell, William J., Miller, George S., McComb, Matthew, McDonald, James, Powers, John, Putnam, John M., Pennington, Jacob A., Pennell, George W. Reed, Amenzo, Sanford, Jacob, Sanford, Amos, Snapp, William, Swearingen, Bennett, Sperling, Theodore, Thompson, Thomas B Wetsel, Daniel W., Winget, Louis, Winters, Augustus, King, Lyman B., Osborn, John, Perdum, Dallas, Sanford, Ebenezer, Sperling, Lewis W., Shannon, Alvin, Tatman, Edmond, , Teithworth, Oliver P., Wetsel, Ahaz B., Wycofl, Daniel L., Wilson, J. O., Miller, John W., Pattison, W. S., Smith, Kellogg J. COMPANY G. Sergeants : Thomas R. Scott, H. H. Weaver. Corporals : James B. Murphy, Wm. J. Eckley, Stephen B. Bell. Privates : Ayres, M. L., Briggs, W. A., Cadwalader, M. A., Emery, J. R., Eckley, George W., Eckley, James A., Gray, James W., Hogue, James B., Hiner, Joseph C, Lovelace, J. W., Mills, David M., Myers, John H., Smith, W. N., Williams, Andrew, Moorey, Harvey C, Ball, Harrison, Baldwin, Wm. G., Coggswell, L. S., Ervin, E. P., Earley, Wm. L., - Fitzsimmons, T., Gillespie, James W., Hogue, Wm. P., Jackson, George W., McKaig, R. B., McQueen, H. B., Oglesby, Joseph, Sexton, John, Drake, D. N., Hensley, Samuel F., COMPANY h. Privates : Dowmen John, Ford, William, Kennedy, John, Merrick, John, Randolph William. COMPANY K. Cox, Robert M. PIETY-FIFTH INFANTRY. The 55th infantry, Illinois volunteers, was organized at Camp Douglas, Chi cago, Illinois, and mustered in October 31, 1861. November 9th, l^ft by rail for HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY, 165 Alton, and on the evening of the 18th, left for St. Louis by steamer. Eemained at Camp Benton until January 12, 1862, when it was ordered to Paducah, Ken tucky, where it arrived on the 22d, and ' March 8th embarked on steamer for the Tennessee river. March 15th marched out with the ex pedition from a point some fourteen miles above Pittsburg Landing, for the surprise and overthrow of Corinth, but high water defeated the movement. It returned to Pittsburg Landing, and went into toamp east of Shiloh church. The opening of the battle Sunday morning found the regiment in position Avith an effective force of 873 men. Col onel Stuart was wounded and nine of the line officers, three of whom died, 102 enlisted men were killed and mortally wounded, and 161 wounded and taken prisoher. The regiment was with the army in advance on Corinth, and at Eus- sell's house. May 17; lost in skirmish eight men, two killed and six wounded. Entered Corinth May 30th, and from there, with General Sherman, westward along the Memphis and Charleston rail road. Marching to Lagrange, Lafayette, Moscow, to Holly Springs, Mississippi; with Sherma;fi marched into Memphis, July 31st, and remained in camp until November 25th, when, with Sherman's division, it marched for the Tallahatchie river. Was marched back to Memphis to descend the Mississippi river to Vicks burg with the new tropps that arrived at Memphis. Embarked with the expe dition, and six companies were engaged in the battle of Chickasaw Bayou, De cember 29th, losing one captain killed, and one enlisted.man killed and seven AA'*ounded. This was an impotent and fruitless attack on the most superb for tifications of the south. The sluggish waters of the bayou covered the entire rebel front, behind which rose the lofty bluffs of the Yazoo. Here the labor of thousands of slaves had been devoted to the complete fortifications of the line for months, until it was perfectly im pregnable to the simple assault, yet General Sherman dared the aAvf ul hazard of the battle, and hurled column after column of infantry upon them in sim ple, useless slaughter. In obedience to orders the men plunged into the bayou, where both banks were covered by tan gled abatis, and where the bayou pre sents a quicksand bed 300 feet wide, con taining water fifteen feet wide and three feet deep. The rebel rifle pits beyond were fllled with sharpshooters, whose every bullet drew blood; his gunners had the range of the ford, such as it was, and poured grape and canister into their dauntless but rapidly decimated ranks. Toiling like heroes, they essayed to stem the storm until an order was received to fall back. It was raining all the time, and stung by the consciousness that they had fruitlessly thrown away many valuable lives, they retired sul lenly from the contest. During the rainy night which followed the battle, our men stood or lay without fire in the swamp bordering the execrated bayou, but next morning they were embarked and returned Milliken's Bend. On the 10th and llth of January, 1863, they took part in the reduction of Arkansas Post, or Fort Hindman, as it is some times called, where they, as usual, dis played their high courage and valor. 166 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. After the fall of this place they marched to Young's Point, in front of Vicksburg, which camp they reached on the 22d of January. Here they lay, taking part in the digging of the canal at that place, which General Grant had caused to be made, and which proved to be such a lamentable failure. The regiment participated in all the the engagements that led to the fall of Vicksburg, losing in all, from May 16 to July 4, eight killed and thirty-nine wounded. Encamped on Black river near Vicksburg,until September 27, when it embarked for Memphis, and moved out with the army past Corinth to luka. From luka it was with the reconnoiss ance to Tuscumbia. October 30, marched from East Point to Chattanooga; arrived NoA'timber 21, and during the night of the twenty-third, with the rest of the brigade, manned a fleet of pontoon boats in North Chickamauga creek, four miles above Chattanooga, and in the midst of rain and intense darkness, with muffled oars, descended and crossed the Tennes see river, and captured the enemy's picket line. November 25, marched with Sher man to the relief of Knoxville; returned and cam,ped successively at Bridgeport, Bellefonte, and Larkinsville during the winter, and at Larkins' landing during the spring, at which place the regiment veteranized, and returned to Illinois on a furlough of thirty days. June 27, 1864, participated in the assault on Kenesaw mountain, Georgia, losing fifteen killed and thirty-three wounded. On July 22, the regiment was again engaged, with an effective force of two hundred and thirty-nine men, and came out of the en gagement with one hundred ond eighty. In the siege of Atlanta the regiment's loss was seven killed and eighteen wounded. In the battle of Jonesboro, Georgia, August 31, 1864, lost twenty- three men. In a short campaign of about two months, the whole regiment lost about one-half its number. The regiment joined in pursuit of Hood through northern Alabama, and returned to Atlanta, when one hundred and sixty-two non-veterans were dis charged. It soon left for Savannah Avith the 15th army corps. In whaf is called the battle of BentonAdlle the 55th lost eight men more. It marched with the glorious army of Sherman's from here to Eichmond, and from that city to Washington, where it participated in the grand review, and then removed to Louis ville, where it remained in camp a few weeks, and then by steamer weiit to Little Eock, Arkansas, where, August 14, 1865, it was mustered out of service, and on the 19th left for Chicago, and arrived on the 22d, and received final payment and discharge. During its term of service the regi ment marched 3,374 miles. This county was represented by one hundred and twenty-five men, in four different companies of the 55th, of whom three were killed, fourteen died and sev enteen wounded. FIFTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. COiMPANY I. First Lieutenant : Martin Hoagland. Second Lieutenants : William S. Hendricks, John T. Parvin, HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 167 Privates : Anderson, Elijah E., Hanks, George. Pelly, David, Smith, Richard L., Downey. James, Jacob, Benjamin P., Brown, William P., McCord, William, Babbitt. Robert, Smith, Henry, Head, Richard R.', McBride, Samuel S, FIFTY-NINTH INFANTRY. COMPANY C. Captains : Barzillia M. Veatch, George R. Stire. First Lieutenants : Norman Curtis, John H. Loop. Second Lieutenants : Heslep Phillips, George R. Stire, Samuel Purdam., Orderly Sergeant: Dennis L. Buford. Sergeants : Jeflerson G. Eastwood, Joseph H. Bayles, Joseph Holmes, Henry R. Turpin. Corporals : William H. McElroy, Samuel Purdam, William A. Blume, George Iseminger, Norman Curtis, Heslep Phillips, John W. Leager, Musicians : Charles Veatch, Alison G. Weir. Wagoner, Samuel S. Bennett. Privates : Alsop, William B., Barnum, Henry, Bell, George W., • Grants, George, Cumbal, Francis, Chusy, John, Dillon, James, Doughton, Andrew, Gastwood, George W., Emeil, William H., Gordon, Charles W., Gauf , Samuel T., Hoyt, Joel, Asendorf, Hemy, Brinay, Chriest, Beals, Jesse W., Chung, Jackson W., Cochran, James, Chute, Abraham G., Dobbs, Henry, Dorsey, William M., Eilenge, James M., Erens, William, Green, Washington , Gallagher, Thomas, Herr, George W., Jacob, Samuel J., Jarvis, Gilbert, Loflam, Eugene, Loge, Nathan, Loftis, William, McGoram, Thomas, Murphy, James, McTiegh, Michael, Norman, George E., Gelson William, Purdam, Mesach, Painter, James H., Shanklin, John, Sullivan, Joshua H., Trolock, Thomas, Tally, William, Jarvis, William H., Jamet, Charles, Loup, John H., Lawyer, Thomas, Mourning, John M., Melvin, Thomas J., Mullen, Michael, Morris, Willard, Nelfon, Benjamin, Olive, Richard, Phiver, Louis, Spencer, .loseph, Stilson, Nicodemus, Slieets, James H., Torhouse, Henry, Purdam, Francis M., FIFTY-NINTH ILLINOIS INFANTEY. Among one of the first companies or ganized in McDonough county was the one raised in tke western part of the county by Captain B. M. Veatch, who was commissioned August 5, 1861. As an independent company it was sent to Cape Girardeau, Missouri, where it re mained until September 18, 1861, when, upon the organization of the 9tli Mis souri infantry it was assigned to that regiment. This was entirely composed of Illinois companies, and on the 12th of February, 1862, by order of the war de partment its name was changed to that of 59th Illinois infantry. Previous to this, when known as the 9th Missouri, it was ordered to Jefferson City, and early in October, 1861, it moved to Boone ville, and was brigaded with the' 37th Illinois infantry, the 5th Iowa infantry, 1st Kansas infantry and Davidson's Illi nois battery. The brigade was under the command of Colonel J. C. Kelton, and the division to which it was at- tached,by Brigadier-General John Pope, The campaign of 1861 and early part of 168 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 1862, was passed in Missouri, on the 13th of March of the latter year, participat ing in the siege of New Madrid. On the 20th day of May, 1862, the regiment embarked for Hamburg Landing, Ten nessee, and from there moved toward Farmington, on the 27th. After the evacuation of Corinth, they pursued the enemy. In June it marched into Mis sissippi, and in August to Florence, Alabama. Thence to Franklin, Tennes see; from there to Murfreesboro, arriv ing September 1, 1863. On September 3, commenced the northward march with General Buell' s army, arriving at Louis ville on the 26th. October 7, met the enemy at Chaplin Hill, near PerryA'ille. On the 8th they were heavily engaged, losing 113 killed and wounded out of 361 men men going into action. Pursued the enemy on the 10th. Arrived in Nash ville November 7, and camped at Edge field, near which they remained during the year. December 25, skirmished toward No- lensville. On the 26th, the army of the Cumberland was put in motion for the Stone river campaign, and the 59th were employed as skirmishers, and drove the enemy nine miles. They took active part in the attack on NolensAdlle. On the 29th they marched toward Murfrees boro; here the enemy Avere found in force and entrenched. An unsuccessful attempt was made to drive him from his position, and the regiment lay during the night of the 30th within a few hun dred yards of the enemy's works. Early on the morning of the 31st, the enemy turned the right flank of the 20th corps. The 59th changed front to rear, and sup porting the 5th Wisconsin battery, for a long time held the enemy in check, and when it was withdrawn, fcrought with it the guns of the battery, from which the horses had all been killed. It was then put in position on the Murfreesboro pike, which it held until January 2. The regiment forded the river, swollen by recent rains, and assisted in driving back the enemy, and held their position in the extreme front until the morning of January 4, when it re-crossed Stone river, and the enemy evacuated Mur freesboro. June 23, 1863, the Tullahoma campaign was commenced, and the 59th took a hand therein. August 30, it left Stevenson, crossed the Tennessee river, and ascended the Sand mountain. Then marched to Lookout valley. ArriA'ed at Chattanooga September 22. Distance marched from Stevenson, 122 miles. It was active in the Lookout mountain campaign. On the 1st of December, they came to the charnel house, and buried the dead from the battle field of Chickamauga, of September 19 and 20. January 12, 1864, the regiment mus tered as a veteran organization, and ar rived at Springfield, Illinois,on furlough, February 10, and on March 19 was reor ganized. It took part in the Atlanta campaign. On July 12 the regiment crossed the Chattahoochie, and pre sented itself before the fortifications. around Atlanta, and from that time untU the 25th of August, it assailed the works of the enemy, and Avas under fire- day and night. On the 1st of November, they marched to Pulaski. On the 29th, the brigade attacked the enemy in the flank, as it was marching toward Spring HiU. The fight continued all day, and HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 169 at night the 59th marched 20 mi^les, and reached Spring Hill on the morning of the 30th. Here, resting but one hour, it marched to Franklin, and during the afternoon the battle of Franklin was fought. December 1, arrived in Nash ville, and on the 15th the battle of Nash ville commenced. The 59th was in the first line of the assaulting column here, and planted the first colors on the cap tured works. In the afternoon it assaulted and carried the enemy's works near HiUsboro pike. December 16, the mem orable assaults on Overton's Hills were made; here the regiment lost in killed and wounded one-third of its number. July 9, arrived at New 'Orleans, marched to San Antonio, and was stationed at New Braunfels, Texas, until December 8, 1865, when it was mustered out. In company C there were 79 men from this county, 7 of whom were killed, 7 died, and 7 were wounded. SIXTY-SECOND INFANTRY. COMPANY I. Corporal : Jacob Pruat. Privates : Cordell, James, Flack Alexander, Black, Richard S., Peak, Wm. Abbott, Joshua, David, John P., Reno, Alexander, Peak, Patrick, Tatham, W. H. COMPANY H. Private : Belleville, Jacob N. UNASSIGNBD RECRUITS. Dixon, John, Prank, Marion, White, Charles W., Williams, Moses J. SIXTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. COMPANY A Abbott, Geo. W., Anderson, Joseph, . Blanchard, William, Cochran, Stephen D., Clayton, Francis M., Dinwiddle, Robert. COMPANY F. Brown, Charles, Haynes, Jonathan, Haskins, Benjamin, Roberts, Adam, Ralson, Jesse R., Dickerson, Charles, Craig, William H., Dixon, John,^ Fair, William, Dutton, William, Prank, Marion P., Johnson, John M., Kirkpatrick, William, Lloyd, John V., Mourning, John W., Martin, Charles, Powell, James, Roberts, Elmore, Roberts, Chauncy, Rowe, Louis P., Wilson, Thomas M. Williams, Moses J., Williams, Henry W., White, Charles W., Way, Enoch. THE SIXTY-FOUETH ILLINOIS INFANTEY. The first battalion " Yates sharpshoot ers " was organized at Camp Butler, Ill inois, in the month of December, 1861, by Lieutenant-Colonel D. E. Williams. It consisted of four companies, to which were added two others the last of the month. January 10, 1862, the battalion was ordered to Quincy, where it was armed, after which it was ordered south. Near New Madrid they had their first engagement with the enemy on the night of March 12. Was engaged at Fort Pillow, Corinth, Kenesaw, Atlanta, and a great many other battle-fields. No more effective duty was done by any regiment during the war, it being al ways in the front. Their loss, as far as knoAvn, in killed and wounded, was two hundred and eighty-nine men; of those dying in service we have not the num ber. The regiment was continually on the go, traveling with Sherman to the sea, thence around through North Caro- 170 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. lina, and then on to Washington, where they were in the grand review. May 24, 1865. They were discharged at Chicago, July 18, 1865. There were three companies repre sented from McDonough county in this regiment — A, D and F, and a total of eighty-five men. John Jacobs, a member of company D, was captured near Atlanta, and, with other prisoners, was hurried south un der a strong guard, their captors follow ing the line of railroad. The prisoners were made to occupy the railroad track as far as possible, while the guard rang ed upon either side.- A short time before the capture the government furnished our soldier boys with shirts of unbleached cotton, which, in the tAvdlight, looked not a great deal unlike the butternut of the rebels. This fact was quickly discovered by young Jacobs, who determined, if possible, to take advantage of it. On either side the guard was a num ber of rebel soldiers who had been slightly wounded, and who were being sent to the rear. As twilight began to settle around them, Jacobs began to limp slightly and fall slowly behind, and soon was in the very midst of the guard, who, from his clothing, judged him to be one of their number going to the rear. Occasionally he would limp di rectly in the way of one of them, who, cursing him, would tell him to fall be hind. This was just what he Avanted, and what he continued to do until he was the very last of the party proceed ing southward. As soon as he thought his absence would be unnoticed, he turn ed and fled in the direction from which he came. Not knowing the direct way back, he was forced to continue along the line of the railroad. He succeeded in passing the infantry out-posts with out alarming them, but came near being recaptured when he reached the cavalry pickets. In passing through the woods - the underbrush beneath his feet would break, and notice was thus given of his presence. Although unseen, the com mand rang out to halt, and several shots were flred in his direction, one ball graz ing one of his ears. No further sound being heard, the pickets thought the noise was made by a hog or other ani mal passing through the timber, and made no further efforts to discover its source, which was indeed well for him. They then rode off and he proceeded on his way. When daylight came he dared not proceed further for fear of capture, but lay doAvn in the tall weeds by the side of the railroad track, and all day long the rebels marched over the road and on either side of him, many of them pass ing so near he could easily have reached out and grappled with them. This he was many times tempted to do, that he might wrest from them a gun with which he might defend himself if ne- " cessary, and also to get hold of their canteens, for he was almost suffocating with thirst. It was well for him that he restrained himself, for if he had attempt ed to grapple with one he would surely have been discovered and his recapture made certain. When night came on he made his way to a house and boldly asked for some thing to eat, telling the people he was a confederate spy. The family were very E"s'iiyLijV,- ii^msABro NY HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 173 glad to render him such service as they could, and gave him a supper which he certainly appreciated, not having had anything to eat for about thirty-six hours. While the meal was preparing and while eating, he plied the family with questions as to the location of the Yankee army, the best road to reach it, etc., obtaining all the information they were able to give. He then asked for the loan of a mule and a gun, stating that when near the enemy's lines he would turn the mule loose, and let him return home at once, and the gun he Avould return the flrst favorable oppor tunity. Yes, he could have the best mule on the plantation, and an excellent gun, which he need be in no hurry to return if they could be of service to the glorious cause. Thanking his kind host for the favors shown, he rode forth to ward the lines of the Union army. After riding all night he came to a house, and hitching his mule in the front yard, he went in and asked for break fast, flrst depositing his gun by the door, that he might not necessarily alarm the family, and where he could easily reach it when necessary. To this family he told the same story of being a confeder ate spy on his way to the enemy's camp, and from the lady of the house he learned the picket line of the Union army was but a short distance from her dwelling. While partaking of the nice warm breakfast which was prepared for him, he heard the tramp of horses upon the road, and rushed to the front Avindow and looked out, but could not tell to which party they belong, but judging they were rebels intent upon his recap ture, started out the back way and made for the woods. He was quickly over taken and brought back to the house. His kind landlady then witnessed against him that he had confessed to her he was a confederate spy, when they were about to hang him at once, without the form of trial. He told them not to ,be so fast, that he was a Union soldier who had been captured and made his escape from the rebels. His story they refused to believe, cursing him as a spy, and ar ranging to at once put an end to his ex istence. Finally better counsels pre vailed and he was at once taken (not very gently) into the Union camp and before the general commanding, who questioned him as to who he was and where he was from. He replied, giving his name, company and regiment. The general then questioned him upon other matters, receiving direct replies, when he ordered him under double guard, that inquiries might be made as to the truth of his story, stating that he was either the man he claimed to be or else a spy. Inquiry being made, it was learned that a captain of that regiment was then in hospital. He was asked if there was such a person as John Jacobs in com pany D of his regiment. He replied there was, and stated he would be able to identify him on sight. Jacobs was then brought before him, and the recog nition was mutual, and he was at once discharged. He then asked the party bringing him into camp for his mule and gun, which they refused to surren der, when he at once complained to the general, who ordered them delivered to him. These he sold for 1140; which was so much clear gain. The whole 11 174 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. affair showed that Jacobs was without fear, and a man of pluck and inventive genius. As illustrating the strict disci pline of the regiment, the following in cident is given: An order was issued by General Eosecrans, commander of the division, that no one should be per mitted to pass the guards without the countersign, save a general in full uni form. A gentleman, in a linen duster and broad brimmed hat, drove along a road on which a guard was stationed, when he was commanded to halt. Eein- ing up suddenly, he inquired why he was thus stopped. "Give the counter sign," answered the guard. "Get out of ¦ the way, d — n you, I'm General Gordon Granger." "I have no means of know ing whether you are General Gordon Granger or not, and you cannot pass here unless in full dress, or you give the countersign." Using a string of adjec tives that would not appear well in print, he again asked permission to pass ; when the guard told him he was not in a humor to be cursed, and that he must either give the countersign or turn, or he would at once arr.est him and send him to the guard house. Upon this the party wheeled around, and soon appeared dressed in full uniform, when the guard gave the salute, and he was permitted to pass. The circumstance was reported to General Eosecrans, who reproved General Granger, and told the guard he did just right. Few rebel battle flags were captured during the war, and it was always con sidered a grand honor for any one to take one. In the last grand charge upon the enemy's works at Atlanta, Captain George W. Eeid, who at the time was acting lieutenant-colonel of the regi ment, succeeded in securing one from a Texas regiment, and sent it home, where it remained in his house in Chalmers township about one year, when it was taken to Springfleld by request of the adjutant-general; and it can now be seen in the "trophy room" of the state capi- itol, duly labeled, and credit given to Captain Eeid. SEVENTY-SECOND INFANTRY. COMPANY G. Privates: Cecil, Henry A., Ewing, William, Jenkins, Joseph, Jenkins, Thomas, Jarvis, John M., Jarvis, Garrett J. D. Morris, Harmon F., Myers, John, McDaniel, George W., McDaniel, Williain, Miller, Henry G., Peters, Peter. Royce, John W., Spurlock, Lewis J., Smith, Markcay, McElvain, George, COMPANY I. Corporal: John C. Murray. Privates: Bartlett, Hiram M., Braunan, Patrick, Cole, Samuel D., Cooper, Cyrus, Fordham, John, McElvain, George W. Marose, Daniel R., Miller, John W., Negley, John F., Sanders, Anthony, Wilson, Curtis B., Negley, John F., Shreves, Henry S., Wilson, William, Wilson, Amos. SEVENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. BEGIMENTAL OFFICERS. Colonel: Carter Van Vleck. Major: William L. Broaddus. Adjutant: Charles V. Chandler. Surgeon: Thomas M. Jordan. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 175 Second Assistant Surgeon: Durham M. Creel. Chaplain: Robert F. Taylor. Sergeant Major: Harman Veatch. Musicians: Daniel M. Carroll, Reuben L. Maynard, Wagon Master: Karr McClintock. COMPANY A. Brundage, G. W., Brundage, James, Fugate, Martin V., Frisby, Abraham, Scott, Amos, Toland, William, Hendricks, H. F., Fugate, Samuel H., Husted, Talmoa, Toland, Solomon, Johnson, David, Mullens, John W., COMPANY c. Captains : Charles R. Hume, George W. Blandin. First Lieutenants: O. P. Courtwright, Andrew J. O'Neil, Second Lieutenant: John E. James. Privates: Bond, Marion D. M., Bently, Joseph H., Boylan, Thomas C, Carter, Isaac G., Cole, Eleazer, ' Carnes, Henry, Cline, Marshal C, Bridges, Thomas B., Chaffiu, Philip, Curtis, MarkM., Clark, Edward, Curtis, Joseph P. , Downeu, Thomas J., Davis, Thomas J., Dowell, George W., Dixon, William, Duncan, James M., Duncan, Johu, Duffield, William H., Decker, Nathaniel, Forrest, John, Freeland, Wm. C, Gal breath, John T., Gibson, Samuel T., Harmon, John, Hainline, John R., Hendricks, Lewis, James, William E., .Tenks, Joel H., Keithiey, Perry, Frank, John, Green, John F., Gorham, John, Harmon, Wm. W., Hamilton, Elisha, Huddleston, J. R., James, John W., James, John E., Kirkpatrick, F. A., Keithiey, J.H„ Lindsey, Thomas, McGee, William F., Messacher, Silas, Mayhugh, F. T., Michaels, Jacob H., Mealey, Michael, Magie, Charles H., McFall, Sylvester, Meeks, Luther, Monohan, John, O'Neil, Andrew J., Rush, John W., Riddell, Sylvester, Smith, William, Stafford, Albert J., Tyft, Cyril, Venning, Henry, Worley, John L., Woodside, John W., Worley, Wm. H. H., Wilhelms, Wm. A., Brown, Frederick P., Kirk, John W., Tift, Semer, Warner, Jesse. Lawson, Joseph D., Morgan, Clinton, Mayhugh, John T., Marshall, Josephus, Martin, George, Magie, James K., Mayhugh, Laban D., Midcap, Nathaniel, Messaeher, Wm. D., Norris, Charles L., O'Cain, James, Roberta, Peter B., Sherry, Marion, Spielman, C. L., Sims, John, Tipton, James, Warner, Wm. H., Wilson, Andrew, Wilson, Elias H., Welsh, James L., Bayles, Joseph W., Chaffln, Michael, Pace, Ingram, Terry, Richard L., James, Jos. E. COMPANY D. Bates, William. COMPANY F. Captain: Elisha Morse. COMPANY I. Captain: Granville H. Reynolds. First Lieutenant: Hardin Hovey. Second Lieutenants: Jas. H. McCandless. Cliarles V. Chandler. Privates : Arnold, Ira, Allhouse, Lebeus, Buchanan, James C, Bennett, Albert C, Bowman, Wm. H.. Brown, Christopher. Batchelor, John, Chase, James M., Allen, Richard C. Anstine, Theodore P. Brown, Daniel, Beatty, Simon B., Baymiller, Michael, Bear, John O., Chapman, Douglas M. Clark, Jerome J., 176 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Cowgill, John F., Carroll, James S., Carnahan, S., Diserou, Daniel, DeCamp, Goin S,, Doran, Hugh H., Garrison, Zach. M., Gill, Benjamin F., Hall, George P., Hamilton, P., Lane. Benjamin F., Monfort, L. M., McCandless, Wilson, Myers, John V., McClellan, John, Mayfield, Joseph, Pitman, Burress E., Pembroke, John F., Parker, Henry, Rhea, Elias B., Reed, Henry G., Shannon, John F., Stewart, Francis M., Shannon, James P., Stewart, John F., Smith. Joseph A., Smith, William F., Tunis, Isaac, Vincent, David A., Weaver, John, Wilson, Lewis R., Broaddus,Thomas H. Carroll, John R., Cupp, William C, Ellis, James C, Gibson, Samuel F., McClure, Hugh, Sims, Johu, Wilhelm Carroll, Daniel M., Craig, Simeon, Downen, Thomas J., David, George H., Dallam, Samuel W., Edmondson, Thomos, Gibson, John, Howe, John B., Hogue, George P., Hummer, John, Laughlin, Robert F., McCandless, Moses A. Maxwell, John C, McClellan, James C, McClellan, Wm. G., Pennington, Jos. L., Pitman, George, Plotts, Thomas M., Painter, George, Ricketts, Harvey, Reed, Williani R., Scudder, Jesse B., Stewart, Thomas B. Seward, Johu W.. Scudder, Martin V., Smith, James H., Tunis. Joseph, Vail, Thomas J., Weaver, William, Withrow, James E., Wilson, Rufus R., , Bridges, Thomas B., Cupp, Jonas P., Decker, Nathaniel, Faber, Jacob, McClintock, Karr, Pace, Ingram A., Wilhelm A., , Samuel P. SEVENTY-EIGHTH ILLINOIS INFANTEY. This regiment, than whom a more gal lant or heroic one did not enter the ser vice of the union, was organized atQuincy, Illinois, in August, 1862, by Colonel William H. Bennison. It was mustered into the service of the general govern ment on the 1st of December, 1862, and was, at once, ordered to report at Louis ville, Kentucky, and upon arrival there it was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 4th division, army of the Ohio. It was afterwards transferred to the 2d brig ade, 2d division, 14th army corps. While at Louisville,, the regiment was tempo rarily detached from the brigade, and, under the command of General Boyle, did guard duty in various parts of Ken tucky. While engaged in this duty the regiment received its "baptism of flre," having been engaged Avith the confeder ates under General Morgan, at New Haven. In the latter part of Decem ber, 1862, General Eosecrans, who had assumed the command of this army, com menced concentrating troops at Nash ville, and shortly afterwards fought the battle of Murfreesboro, which for a time drove the enemy out of Kentucky, and the 78th was ordered to rejoin the main army. In June, 1862, it took part in the forward movement of the union forces under Eosecrans, who with sixty thou sand men, threatened the communication of General Bragg and compelled that commander to evacuate Chattanooga, on the 8th of September. General Eose crans under the impression that Bragg's forces in retreat were demoralized, pushed on in his rear, but the confeder ate commander, who was an able one, receiving heavy reinforcements, turned and met his pursuer. This he did with so much suddenness and ferocity, that the union forces narrowly escaped being cut up in detail, as they were scattered along a line forty miles in length. Gen eral Eosecrans, who was on hand, rap idly concentrated his forces, and the two armies met at Chickamauga creek. The HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 177 first day's engagement, although a hot one, was indecisive and on the second day, the 20th of September, 1863, the day had hardly dawned ere the roar of artillery, and the sharp rattle of musketry awoke the slumbering echoes of the "Eiver of Death," the Indian name of the creek bearing that interpretation. All the forenoon the battle raged with unparalleled fury, but about noon the federal line was broken for a few mo ments by the passing of troops to the left, then hard pressed. General Long- street, of the confederate army, seized the opportunity and hurling the neces sary forces on the weakened center, soon swept it and the right wing from the field. The demoralized fugitives, in their headlong flight carried off General Eose crans with them. All, now, depanded upon General Thomas who had com mand of the left wing, which yet stood steadfast. The gallant 78th, then in the division commanded by General Sted man, was with this part of the army and did noble service in helping save the union forces from utter rout. All through that long afternoon, the entire confed erate army surged around that band of heroes, a body of brave men commanded by as brave a commander, who by the firmness of their front, earned for Gen eral Thomas the proud sobriquet of " rock of Chickamauga." The 78th lost severely in this conflict. Major William L. Broaddus. of Macomb, being among the killed, at the flrst volley of the rebels. Gallantly they stood at their post, and their colonel having been asked how long he could hold a certain point where they had been stationed, and had been holding against great odds, replied, "un til the regiment is mustered out of serv ice." When the shades of night had gathered around both armies. General Thomas, deliberately and sullenly, with drew his forces to Chattanooga, picking up flve hundred prisoners by the way. Colonel Bennison, who although quite a favorite among the men of the regi ment was not liked by the officers, and the latter asking him to resign, he did so and was succeeded by Lieutenant Colo nel Carter Van Vleck, of McDonough county. The union arnry was now shut up in the fortifications of Chattanooga, Bragg occupying the surrounding hills and cut ting off all communications. -General Grant superceded General Eosecrans in the command, and soon appeared among the starving troops. Eeinforcements now poured in and communications were once more established and active opera tions against the enemy commenced in which the 78th bore its full part. Early in the spring of 1864, General Sherman moved with an army of one hundred thousand men toward Atlanta. Among them marched the 78th. For one hundred miles there was constant skirmishing, interspersed with bloody battles. At Dalton, Eesaca, Dallas, Lost mountain, and Kenesaw mountain, the enemy was met in great numbers, and battles of great magnitude were fought. At Kenesaw in particular, the 78th dis played unequalled valor in the attack on the enemy's works. Finally, on the 10th of July, 1864, General Joseph E. John ston retired to the entrenchments of Atlanta, and Sherman invested the city. In all the engagements that preceeded the fall of that doomed city, the 78th bore 178 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. a full share, but sad losses befell it. Colonel Van Vleck, than whom there was no better officer, Avas mortally Avounded by a sharpshooter, and died on the 23d of August, 1864, while many of the offic ers and men were killed or maimed by the fatal bullet or bursting shell. Illi nois gloried in the fame of her honored sons, but wept for the dead heroes on the stricken field. The following beautiful lines were written by a lady upon hear ing of the sad losses sustained by this favorite regiment in this campaign: Cold are the sleepers Wrapt in their shrouds — Pale are the weepers The battle has bowed; Softly they slumber. Our soldiers in deatli — While hearts without number Cry, with hushed breath — O God, are they dead ! Pale are the sleepers. Like marble they lie — Sad are the weepers. Tear-stained their eyes; Quiet they slumber. Soldiers entombed. While hearts without number. All shrouded in gloom. Cry — O, are they gone ! Calm are the sleepers. Taking their rest — Sad are the weepers. Joyless their breasts; Softly they slumber. Our soldiers to-day. While hearts without number Cry, only this way Can our battles be won? After the evacuation of Atlanta by Hood and the subsequent occupation by Sherman, the 78th, with the balance of the army under that matchless com mander, Sherman, lay encamped for about three weeks, and then entered upon that celebrated "march to the sea," that is so well known as to need no comment in this connection, suffice itto say that in that campaign, that commenced in At lanta pierced the confederacy, and ter minated by the "grand review," at Wash ington, the 78th was always on hand for any emergency, and added fresh leaves to their crown of laurels. During this march the regiment was commanded by Colonel Maris E. Vernon. The regi ment was mustered out of the service of the government, June 7, 1865, and re turned to their homes. In this regiment there were 214 men from this county, and of that number 15 were killed", 28 wounded, and 23 died of disease while in service, 20 were taken prisoners, 6 of whom died at Anderson ville, and 3 at Libby. EIGHTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. Colonel: Lewis H. Waters. Adjutant: Charles E. Waters. Quartermaster : Louis A. Simmons. Surgeon: James B. Kyle. COMPANY A. Captains: John P. Higgins. Willis Edson. Second Lieutenants: William F. Stearns. John S. Walker. Sergeants: Johu McCabe, Edwin B. Rail, Thomas M. Whitehead. Corporals: Warren 8. Odell, Joseph B. Wortman, David J. Tuggle, Quincy A. Roberts, William J. Lea, Thomas J. Starns, William Jones. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 179 Piivates: Allen, CofTner W., Archer, George C, Blair, Samuel, Brotherton, Silas E, Butler, Preston, Baker, John, Clark, Jacob, Clarke, James S., Clark, Milton, Casto, George W., Casto, Thomas J., Cox, Nathan 0., Covalt, Abraham B., Crane, John A., Case, Edward, Dunsworth, D. B., Driscoll, John, Deardorfl', Joseph, Davis, John W., Fenton, George, Gadd, Frank, Green, William T., Holliday, Francis M., Kelly, James, Lane, David H., Lutes, Granville M., Misener, Charles W., Maury, Thomas B., Morris, Richard L., Nolan, Michael, Owen, Nathaniel, O'Bryan, Edward, Parks, George, Parks, John, Pelsor, John C, Patrick, Samuel, Patrick, Charles, Remick, Augustus, Reno, Joseph L., Robertson, James T. Shoopman, Jacob, Spear, Samuel R., Shepherd, Thomas J., Slyter, Philo, Slyter, Lorenzo, Smizer, John, Tuggle, Crawford, Voorhees, George R., Voorhees, John, Walker, Daniel, White, Thomas W., Wood, Richard A., Willis, Able H., Wilson, Zacharia, Whiting, Charles H., Wells, Christopher C. Dawson, Richard A. Clarke, Benjamin F., Chase, Chauncey, Mitchell, Wilford, McCamenout J. P. Willis George W. COMPANY B. Corporals : R. H. McClintock, David G. Harland. Privates: Andrews, Martin, Chappell, W., Hannon, Patrick, Green, Wm. T., Leighty, John H., Miles, Augustus, Mitchell, Coleman, Smiter, Janies P., Stambaugh, Jacob, Stambaugh, Samuel, Toland, John T., Walker, Ebenezer, Walker, Samuel, Greer, John A., COMPANY C. Captain: William Ervin. First Lieutenant: Joseph G. Waters. Second Lieutenants: Wm. P. Pearson, Wm. F. Jones, First Sergeant: Williani T. Harris. Sergeants : John S. Provine, George T. Yocum, John A. Eyre, Wm. Pointer. Corporals: Daniel Wooley, William J. Hensley, Edward S. Piper, Alex. Blackburn, Wm. L. Hampton, Nathan A. Miller. Privates: Adcock, Joseph T., Avery, Daniel, Broaddus, Thos. H., Brooks, Francis, Brown, David, Bowlin, John S., Cord, William G., Chapman, Wm. A,, Champ, Martin H., Dailey, James, Dailey, Isaac W., Erwin, Jesse L., Foley, William H., Ferguson, J. V., Hill, James, Harris, John, Hall, Henry, Herron, Wesley C, Harris, George W., Herndon, Allen A., Hammer, Josiah Y., Harlan, Marcus L , Johnson, Janies, Kemble, Thomas E., Kelsey, Cyrus, Lee, Cicero B., Markham, Albert, McQuestion, Alex., Martin, Thomas J., McDaniels, G. W., Maines, David, Maxwell, George, Pennington, C. W., Provine, Jaijaes H., Purdam, Abraham, Purdam, James, Pennington, R. W,, Pennington, W. T., Rollins, John H., Ringer, William W., Sumpter, Henry, Simmons, Wm. W., Sweeney, John W., Stratton, John W., Stratton, Elijah, Smith, Samuel A., Smith, Edward, Swigart, Josiah, Sweeney, William, Tandy, Jeptha M., Venable, John W., Vleet, David, VanMeter, Henry, Witherell, Cyrus, Willis, Abraham V., Winslow, Wm. H., Winslow, Charles F., Wilkinson, F., Wayland, Wm. H., Walker, Wm. C, Hunter, James H., Hankins, John. COMPANY E. Taylor, Benjamin F. COMPANY F. Second Lieutenants: Samuel Frost, Joseph Price, 180 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Corporals: Eli Elwell, James H. Kennie, Rufus L. Cox. Privates: Benson, Vachel, Enders, Christopher, Graves, Allen, Herlocker, James M., Hammond, Benj , Kerr, George N., Kerr, Clayburn T., Knock, Daniel, McConnell, George, Miller, Levi A., McFadden, Sam'l N., Nebergall, Reuben J., Seaburn, George, Sloan, John F., ShafTer, John, Swearingin, Martin, Swearingen, George, Thomas, John, Turner, Thomas B., Wetsel, Christopher, Walroth, Abram N., Culp, William. THE EIGHTY-FOURTH INFANTEY. One of the most gallant regiments of a gallant state was the one known as the 84th infantry. It was organized at Quincy, Illinois, in August, 1862, by Colonel Lewis H. Waters, who had served a few months as the lieutenant- colonel of the 28th infantry, and who had resigned to come home and raise a new regiment. On the 1st of September, 1862, the regiment was mustered into the service of the United States with 951 men, rank and file. It was on Sep tember 23, ordered to report at Louis ville, Kentucky, and on arrival at that place was assigned to the 10th brigade of the 4th -division, and on the 29th of the same year marched with the balance of the troops in pursuit of General Bragg. After a long and weary march through Bardstown, Danville, Perryville, Crab Orchard, Wild Oat, Somerset, Columbia, Gallatin and Silver Springs, the com mand reached Nashville, Tennessee. The first battle of any importance in which the regiment participated was that known as Stone Eiver, or the battle of Murfreesboro, which occurred on the 31st of December 1862, and on the 2d and 3d of January 1863. General Eose crans had assumed the command of the army lately under General Buell and had concentrated his forces at Nashville. From thence he marched to meet Gen eral Braxton Bragg, the rebel com mander, who, with a heavy column was moving north on a second grand expedi tion, and had already reached Murfrees boro. Both Generals had formed the same plan for the approaching contest. As the union left was crossing Stone river to attack the rebel right, the strong rebel left fell heavily on the weak union right. At first the onset was irresistable. But General Sheridan was there and his generalship held the ground until Eose crans could recall the left, replant his batteries and establish a new line of bat tle. Upon this new front the rebels charged four times, but were driven back with heavy losses. This was upon the 31st of December. On the 2d of Janu ary following General Bragg renewed the contest, but being again unsuccess ful, retreated. This is claimed to have been one of the bloodiest conflicts dur ing the war, and the gallant 84th play the part of heroes, losing 228 men, killed and wounded. This battle was the last attempt of the rebels to wrest Kentucky from our grasp, and placed General Bragg upon the defensive. At Wood bury, on the 17th of January, while in pursuit, the 84tli had another brush with the enemy, but no general engagement took place until during the summer months. General Eosecrans, feeling his inferiority in cavalry, made no formal movement until June, when with 60,000 men, among whom was the 84th, he HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 181 marched in search of General Bragg. The latter lay at Chattanooga, and when Eosecrans threatened his communica tions, he was too able a strategist to allow himself to be cooped up in a forti- fled place, and evacuated the place. Eosecrans, thinking that Bragg was in full retreat pushed on rapidly in his rear, but the rebel general, having re ceived some powerful re-inforcements, turned on him so suddenly that he well nigh caught him unprepared and scat tered over 40 miles of line. But the union forces rapidly concentrated, and the two armies met upon the Chicka mauga, the "river of death," as the In dian name implies. On the 19th of Sep tember the armies engaged but the con test was indecisive and on the 20th was resumed. About noon the federal line became broken from the movement of troops to help the left wing, then hardly pressed. Longstreet seized the oppor tunity and pushed a brigade into the gap, and f oUoAving it up, swept the union right and center from the fleld. The crowd of fugitives bore Eosecrans, him self away. In this crisis of the battle all depended upon the left under General Thomas, who alone stood between the rebels and disaster and rout. All through the long afternoon these veter ans stood whilst around them surged the whole rebel force, but in vain, Illinois, Iowa, Ohio and Minnesota's bravest men stood there and bore the brunt of many a hard pressed charge and earned for General Thomas his name of "Eock of Chickamauga." When night had come, General Thomas deliberately Avithdrew to Chattanooga. AU through this bloody day, the 84th fought nobly and when rallied around their colors and the roll called, 172 men failed to respond, being either killed or Avounded. They now with the balance of the union army were shut up in the entrenchments of that place, while Bragg occupied the hills and threatened the city. The garrison was threatened with starvation. Grant was now appointed to supercede General Eosecrans,and hastened to Chat tanooga, but being afraid that Thomas, who had command after Eosecrans left, would surrender before re-inforcements could reach him, telegraphed him to hold fast. The old Eoman' s reply was "I will stay till I starv6." On Grant's arri val things began to wear a different as pect. A corps from the army of the Po tomac, 23,000 strong under General Jo seph Hooker came, and General W. T. Sherman hastened by forced marches from luka, 200 miles away, and commu nications were again restored. On the 24th of November, the 84th was ordered on duty and helped fight the ever mem orable battle of Lookout Mountain. Hooker was ordered to charge the enemy but to stop on the high ground, but the men, carried away by the ardor of the attack, swept on, over the crest, driving the enemy before them. The next morn ing Hooker advanced on the south of Missionary Eidge. Sherman had been the whole time pounding away on the northern flank, and Grant perceiving that the rebel line in front of him was being weakened to repel these attacks on the flank, saw that the critical moment had arrived and launched Thomas' corps on its center. "The signals for the attack had been arranged," says B. F. Taylor, in his ac- 182 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. count of the battle, "six cannon shots fired at intervals of two seconds. The moment arrived. Strong and steady the order rang out: Number one, fire! num ber two, fire! number three, fire! It seemed to me like the tolling of the clock of destiny. And when at number six, fire!' the roar throbbed out with the flash, you should have seen the dead line, that had been lying behind the works all day, come to resurrection in the twink ling of an eye, and leap like a blade from its scabbard." The orders were to take the rifle-pits at the foot of Missionary Eidge, then halt and re-form; but the men forgot them all, and carrying the works at the base, swept up the ascent. Grant caught the grand inspiration, and ordered a grand charge along the whole front. Up they went, without firing a shot, over rocks, trees, and stumps, surmounted the crest, captured the guns and turned them upon the enemy, now fully routed and in disorderly retreat. Although the 84th held its accustomed place, in these battles it was fortunate enough to lose only nine men. Early in the spring General Sherman started upon the ever memorable Atlanta campaign. He had with him about 100,- 000 men of all arms, among whom was the 84th Illinois. General Joseph E. Johnston, the rebel commander, barred the way and the heroic regiment partici pated in the battle at Dalton, on the 13th of May, 1864, Eesaca, May 14, Burnt Hickory, May 26 to 31, and Dallas, June 1, 2 and 3. At the battle of Kenesaw mountain and during the siege of Atlanta it bore a prominent part. When Sher man drew out of Atlanta, Thomas' corps was left to defend Nashville, and during the sanguinary conflicts that occurred at Franklin and Nashville, December 15, and 16, the 84th bore off the usual palm of victory. The total casualities, in the different battles, in this regiment reached the number of 558 men. On the 8th of June, 1865, at Nashville, Tennessee, the 84th was mustered out of service and re turned home. There were 205 men from McDonough county in this favor ite regiment, in five different companies, A, B, C, D and F, and of these 11 were killed; 39 died; 39 were wounded, and one was captured and died in Anderson ville prison-pen. EIGHTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. COMPANY A. Campbell, Thomas, Moss, Samuel, Peterman, David P.. Randolph, John H. COMPANY F. Sergeant: James W. Filson, Private: Hollenbeck, Francis. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRD IN FANTRY. COMPANY F. Corporal: Andrew J. Justiee. Musiciaus: William A. Smith, William E. Cooper, Privates : Buck, Joseph H., Buck, Joseph, Baughman, Samuel, Holler, William, Post, William. COMPANY a. Ames, Americus, Myers, Artemus, Yocum, John W. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 183 ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY. COMPANY A. Freeman, John P., Fortney, Henry M., Leal, Clark. Martin, Henry C. COMPANY B. Burham, James T., Haigh, John, Ladd, Andrew L., McCants, Leander, Mattelu, Conrad. Ramsey, Samuel, Wells, Lewis T. Welder, Alonzo. COMPANY E. Corporals: Jacob D. Bungar. Thomas, George W. COMPANY I. House, William A. COMPANY K. Hazel, Solomon, Philip, Felix L. Martin, George W., Toland, D. L. ONE HUNDRED AND NINETEENTH INFANTRY. COMPANY H. Captain: Samuel McConnell. First Lieutenants: Henry C. Mullen, Jackson Wells. Second Lieutenant: Samuel D. Sawyer. First Sergeant: Nathan B. McGraw. Sergeants: Levi 8. Mills, Joel C. Bond, Robert T. Carter, Parvis H. Moore, Privates: Arthur, Daniel, Amos, George W., Booth, James Jr„ Booth, James C, Booth, John, Clark, James, Crownover, F. L., Covert, John, Duncan, Benjamin, Anderson, Wm. H. Bond, Benjamin, Burchett, Henry B, Bechtel, David, Carter, John E., Covert, Joseph B., Covert, David, Cruser, DeWitt T, Duncan, James E B., Dewey, William H., Frost, Richard T,, Falck, Frederick, Fleming, John, Farley, George, Hobart, John, Hunt, Manning F., Kepple, James V., Lemmons, James H. McKennelley, W.L., McMein, Ammon P., Oglesby, William T., Pelley, John D., Plotts, Martin L., Pugh, Alexander, Snook, Roswell H., Thomas, William, Whittlesey, Wm. H., Maxwell, John A., Camp, Thomas J., Hyde. Charles, Ralston, David R., Eby, Jeremiah W., Faust, Charles, Frankenburg, Benj., Faulkner, William, Gilson, Alpheus M., Hall, James, Loggard, Tolbert, Kantz, George, Long, Samuel C, McMaster, Wm. W., Noel, William T., Parvin, Isaac M., Plotts, John C, Purman,- John H., Stearns, Abdallah M., Sutton, James A., Wilson, Lewis, Frankenburg, J. W., Morris, John, Couch, William H., Ittle, John, Wagner, John. THE ONE HUNDEED AND NINETEENTH IN FANTEY. This regiment was organized at Quin cy, in September, 1862, by Colonel Thomas J. Kinney, and was mustered into the United States service, on the 10th of October. On the 2d of Novem ber it was ordered to Columbus, Ken tucky, where it went into camp, but afterward removed to Jackson, Ten nessee, and then to Humboldt. On the 30th of May, 1863, it proceeded to Mem phis, where it was assigned to the 4th brigade, 5th division of the 16th corps. In January, 1864, the regiment was ordered to Vicksburg, Avhere it took part in what is known as the Meriden cam paign, under General Sherman. On the 10th of March, 1864, the regiment, with portions of the 16th and 17th corps, under the command of General A. J. Smith, moved up the Eed river to the assistance of General Banks. General 184 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Smith's force consisted of ten thousand infantry and three batteries of artillery, which left Vicksburg, March 9th, on transports, accompanied by gunboats. At the mouth of the Eed river this fleet was joined by Admiral D. D. Porter, with a large fleet, including several iron clads. The fleet entered Eed river by the southern stream, and passed thence into Achafalaya, proceeding as far as Semmesport, where the troops disem barked on the night of the 13th and im mediately commenced a march on Fort De Eussey. No halt was ordered till the army had marched some seven miles. It was twenty-eight miles from there to Fort De Eussey. Nevertheless the army marched that distance the next day, constantly harrassed by rebel cav alry ; delayed once two hours at a stream over which a bridge had to be made; at tacked the fort and carried it by storm before sundown and before the gunboats had arrived. At Fort De Eussey they re-embarked and proceeded to Alexandria, where the troops again disembarked and remained nearly two weeks. At this point the column under General Smith formed a junction with the column which had marched from New Orleans. The boats could not be taken over the rapids while laden, so the troops marched to Cotile Landing, some twenty-five miles up the river. On April 3d, the command again embarked and reached Grand 'Ecore on the next evening, where it remained till the morning of the 7th, when it marched to the front of the battle of Pleasant Hill, where the brigade to which the 119th belonged, stood the brunt of the fight, being the first in the battle, fight ing longer than any other, in the hardest of the contest, the last to leave the field, and losing three times as many officers and men a^ any brigade engaged. At Bayou la Moore and Yellow Bayou, they also had a share in the engage ments that took place, and did their duty by the old flag like the heroes, they were. Having finished this campaign, the regiment returned to Vicksburg, where they arrived on the 25th of May, and after a rest at that place were trans ported to Memphis, Tennessee, June 24. From the latter place they moved to LaGrange, Mississippi, and on the 5th of July commenced the march through that state, returning to Memphis on the 27th of the same month: On the morning of September 5, they embarked and were landed at Benton Barracks, Mis souri, and on the 18th of November started on a long and wearisome march after the rebel. General Price. They marched some seven hundred miles and returned on the 1st of December. Hood, now in the rear of Sherman, threatened Nashville, and General Thomas, gathered all the men within reach, for the defense of that city, to him, and among them the 119th lU- inois. They arrived in time to take a part in the battle on the 16th of December, when the confederate for ces were driven out of their in trenchments in headlong flight. The union cavalry thundered upon their heels with remorseless energy, the in fantry following closely behind. Al most the entire rebel army was dissolved into a rabble of demoralized fugitives, who, at last, escaped across the Tennes see. The war in the west, so far as great HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 185 movements were concerned, was practi cally at an end, but the gallant regiment whose name graces the head of this arti cle were not through with its days of battle. On the 8th of February, 1865, it embarked for New Orleans, and were engaged in the assault at Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely. It afterward went to Mobile and Montgomery, Alabama. It was mustered out August 26, 1865, and arrived at Camp Butler, Illinois, Sept ember 4. Company H, of this regiment, contained eighty-one men from this county, and eight of them left their bones in southern soil, a peace offering to the God of war. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY- FOURTH INFANTRY. COMPANY D. Captains : Stephen Brink, Abraham Newland. Second Lieutenant : Travis Mellor. Sergeant: John Bechtel. Corporals: John Baglan, James H. Kirk, Joseph Jackson. Musician: William S. Wilson. Privates : By erly, David, Brodbent, Thomas, Bainbridge, John, Calbert, Simon, Dungan, John, Deener, Wm. F., Ennis, John W., Green, Wm. M., Hickman, William, Hainline, A. J., McKenzie, William, Mourning, F. M., Bechtel, A. G. , Barrett, Abner, Boyd, William H., Chapin, Robert, Dewey, Victor M., Duncan, Joseph, Gartside, Job, Hume, Thomas, Hall, George, Milbourne, Wm., Moore, John J., Mumma, David, Nelson, E. C, Spicer, Benj.F., York, John, 'Burford, Wm. J., Holton, John W., Huff, Francis M., Jenkins, David, Mitchell, Robert, Mammon, Henry J. Richards, J. H., Shannon, Walter, Shannon, Edward, Swigert, Zachariah, Smith, John, Wear, Smith, John T., Terrill, John, Young, George M., Delay, William H., Hutchinson, A. H., Jarvis, Henry M., Lowell, John H., Moore, John, , Pyle, William, A., Richards, John T., Sullivan, M. O., Sheets, George R.. Twitchel, Almond D., Delay, Jacob, James M. COMPANY I. Captains: Thomas K. Roach, Benjamin A. Grifflth. First Lieutenant: Elijah Barton. Second Lieutenant: James M. Grifflth. Sergeant : James S. Shryak. Corporals: Thomas O. Bugg, Milo Hobart, David T. Guy. William B. Greenup. Musician : Milton J. Stokes. Privates : Bowers, Thomas J., Bugg, Benjamin, Campbell, W. M., Foley, Thomas, Foster, William, Grifflth, Cary F., Harrison, Joseph D., Kennett, Jasper, McDonald, Daniel. Murphy, George C, Overton, Joseph B., Sypherd, Flavins J., Stodgill, Isaac N., Wooley, Moses F., Creasey, John, Browning, John W., Bugg, S. A., Duncan, William H., Forrest, Henry T., Guy, Nathaniel M., Hainline, Joseph H., Hawkins, William B., McCanley, William, Murflo, William, Morris, William C, Phillips, John C, Stokes, Wesley 8., Teas, Joseph C., Yard, Job, Fullerton, Hiram, 186 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Foley, James M., Gilbert, George G., Gooding, Lynian, Hainline, David L., Lovell, John N., McGraw, Calvin, Murphy, Luther, Sweeney, William O., Burrows, William, Frost, Ephraim, Heslop, George P., Leake, Pen nel, Morgan, John H., Silverston,WilliamF. Gilbert, Barnard, Gilbert, James R., Griffln, Joseph F., Hawkins, Robert B., Lovell, Charles W., Morton, George, Rymer, John H., Wariner, James, Divine, Edwin, Hannaford, Charles A, Johnson, Amos B., Masten, Joel H., Paulk, Alfred, Williams, S. L. ONE HUNDEED AND TWENTY FOUETH IN FANTBY. This regiment, which contained 116 men from McDonough county in com panies D and I, was organized at Camp Butler, Springfield, Illinois, in Septem ber, 1862, by Colonel Thomas J. Sloan, and after being mustered into the ser vice of the general government, on the 6th of October moved to Jackson, Ten nessee, where it was assigned to the 3d brigade, 1st division of the 13th corps. This body of troops moved to LaGrange, Mississippi, on the 4th of November, and on the 28th drove the enemy across the Tallahatchie, and advanced to the Yocona river, from thence to Memphis, Tennessee. On the 13th of February, 1863, they moved down the Mississippi river to Lake Providence, and March 17, went into camp at Berry's Landing. On the 18th of April, the regiment moved to Milliken's Bend, and on 25th com menced with the other troops the cam paign that ended in the surrender of Vicksburg. On the 30th of April, it took part in the sanguinary and hotly contested battle at Thompson's Hill, and gained imperishable laurels. In the en gagements at Eaymond, Jackson and Champion Hills, May 12, 14 and 16, re spectively, during the entire seige of Vicksburg, including the assault on Fort Hill, they performed a heroic part. After the surrender of that redoubtable place, they rested until August 31, when they entered upon the campaign to Mon roe, Louisiana, and thence to Browns ville, and was engaged in the two days battle at the latter place, on the 16th and 17th of October. It went into camp at Black river November 7, and on the 25th engaged in a prize drill with five other regiments, and carried off the palm. At a subsequent contest for a prize banner, the 124th received the flag, inscribed, "Excelsior regiment, 3d division, 7th corps," from the hands of Major General McPherson, for excelling in soldierly appearance, discipline and drUl. On the 3d of February, 1864, the regiment entered upon the famous Meriden ex pedition and returned to Vicksburg, March 4. a It was engaged at Benton on May 7 and 10, returned to Vicksburg on the 21st, and in July, moved Avith General Slocum on his Jackson campaign, and was engaged in the sharp fight at Jack son Cross roads the 5th and 7th. In October it was in the campaign to White river and Memphis. Eemained at Vicks burg doing guard and provost duty until February 25, 1865, when it removed to New Orleans. March 12, it embarked for Mobile, moved to Dauphin Island, and up Fish river, and commenced the siege of Spanish Fort. The regiment was the extreme left of the investing line, and, with one-half deployed as skirmishers, drove the enemy within HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 187 their fortifications. The regiment started for Montgomery, April 13, and July 17, 1865, started home for muster out; ar rived at Chicago August 3, and mustered out the 15th. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY- FIFTH INFANTRY. COMPANY H. Coon, Peter. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY- SEVENTH INFANTRY. Lieutenant-Colonel : Thomas K. Roach. Surgeon : Williani A. Huston. Second Assistant Surgeon: Robert G. Scroggs. Acting Assistant Surgeon : Benjamin I. Dunn. Principal Musician : James S. Carroll. COMPANY c. Captain : Barzillia Veach. First Sergeant: Thaddeus Huston. Sergeant : James H. Drais. Corporals : John B. Russell, Fred. L. Lancy, James R. Bailey, Peter Mcintosh. Musician : Charles Penrose. Privates : Brooking, E. S., Brown, Isaac N. P., Cord, Thaddeus C, Darnell, Homer L., Duncan, John, Essex, William. Barber, George W., Cemmis, Samuel, Chapman, Frank M., Dorothy, Archibald, Eakle, Milton, Herron, Eli P., Hooker, Francis M., Lea, William, J., Miller, Edward M., Maylor, Albert, Roach, John M., Thompson, James, Kious, Jacob, Martin, John, Moore, Joseph, Nichols, Henry P., Runkle, Darius, Updegraff; A. W., COMPANY D. Captain : John B. Johnson. First Lieutenant: James Robb. First Sergeant: Charles Broadbent. Sergeants : Palmer E. Hughson, Peter C. Stire. Corporals : James Tannehill, Orion H. Bliss, Henry C. King, John C. Dewey. Privates : Arbogast, Henry, Carrier, George D., Davis, Albert W., Funk, Joseph H., Kreider, Jacob, Murray, Arthur, Painter, John W., Raymond, Simon, Sackett, Solomon, Stantial, Boyle, William, Collar, Allen J. P., Drake, William, P., Hull, Henry, McDonald, Isaac J., Owens, Alexander, Plotts, William L., Robinson, Hamilton, Sheley, Samuel, Christopher P. COMPANY G. First Lieutenant : Johu M. Johnson. Privates : Adcock, George P., Ackerson, Joseph, Buck, George W., Carrier, Alonzo E„ Crabtree, B. F. Henry, William J., Jellison, Zimri, Jellison, John, Johnson, Edward R., Mallam, Robert, Orr, John, Patrick, Charles, Scalf, William, Wolf, Jacob, Wilstead, Thomas G., Whittier, Laforest, COMPANY I. Captain: William H. Oglesby. 188 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. First Lieutenant: Andrew R. Wilson. Second Lieutenant: James N. Porter. First Sergeant: Charles D. Hendrickson. Sergeants: James A. Kyle, James T. McDonald. Corporals: Edwin R. Dudley. Myron M. Myrick, Jacob R. Dawson, Silas W. Adcock, Samuel F. Sanders, Melton B. Ch ipman. Privates : Austin, George W., Arnold, Lewis C, Anderson, W. H., Adams, CharlesE., Barnes, Asa L., Barclay, James, Bennie, James, Couch, William H., Carroll, James S.. Chambers, David, Couch, James W., Chaddock, James, Condon, Andrew L., Clark, Wilbur C, Davis, David A., Davidson, Samuel I., Duncan, Isaac, Folsom, Edgar A., Dinington, James R., Hogue, George P., Hensley, William J., Harris, Henry H., Hageman, C. W., Jones, George T., Keirns, William, Little, John P., Lownes, Charles R., Le Master, James L., Laughlin, Edwin T., Martin, Jacob E., Miller, Robert H., Montague, Benjamin, Mills, William D., McGinnis, John F., Overman, John W.. Pottenger, James H., Porter, Lester W., Pennell, William J., Pearson, Joseph A., Prindle, Chauncey R., Purkey, William, Pugh, John W., Ratekin, Wm. H., Rodecker, Wm. H., Shreves, Milton, Scrutchfleld J. A., Sherman, A., Smick, William A., Spencer, Wm. A., Steel, James, Toland, Stephen, Walker, James H., West, Martin, Woolley, Lewis B., Wheeler, Isaac D., Wychoff, Daniel L., Wells, David L., Wilson, Nelson M., Walker, Robert A. ONE HUNDEED AND THIRTY-SEVENTH IN FANTRY. During the summer of 1864, Gener als Grant and Sherman being actively engaged with large armies against the enemy, the governors ofthe northwestern states proposed to the authorities of the war department to send into the field a considerable number of troops for a short term of service, who might relieve others on guard and garrison duty at the rear, and thus be the means of adding largely to the force of drilled and disciplined men at the front. This proposition was, after a time, accepted, and the term of service was established at 100 days. The governor of this state, accordingly issued a proclamation calling for the requisite number of these troops, in only one regiment of which was McDonough county largely represented. This was the 137th Illinois infantry, which was organized at Camp Wood, Quincy, Illi nois, by Colonel John Wood, and was mustered into the service of the United States on the 5th day of June, 1864, for one hundred days. On the 9th of June the regiment left Quincy, and proceeded to Memphis, Tennessee, where it was assigned to the 4th brigade, district of Memphis, Colonel E. L. Baltwick, of the 39th Wisconsin infantry, command ing. On the 9th of July, it was re assigned to the third brigade, which was placed under the command of Colonel John Wood, of this regiment, and was stationed on the Hernando road on picket duty. Here, on the 21st of August, they were attacked by Geueral Forrest, the partisan leader, and being on the extreme outpost, they were the first to meet the enemy, and suffered more than any reg iment there on duty. There were in this regiment from Mc Donough county, one hundred and -fifty- three men, in four different companies. Missing Page Missing Page HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 191 Company C, which was commanded by Captain Barzilla Veatch, of Tennessee township, had thirty-two men, rank and file from the county; company D, Cap tain John B. Johnson, of Prairie city, contained twenty-eight; company G, sev enteen; and company I, Captain William H. Oglesby, of Bushnell, seventy-one. Out of these, three were killed upon the field of battle, four died in the service, four were wounded, and twenty were taken prisoners. Several died after com ing hqme, owing to the hardships en dured, and sickness engendered by the hard life of a soldier, and exposure. The regiment was mustered out of the United States service, at Springfield, Illinois, September, 4 1864. Among the regimental officers of the regiment were several prominent citi zens of this county, among whom were: Thomas K. Eoach, of Colchester; Sur geon William A. Huston, of Macomb; second assistant surgeon, Eobert G. Scroggs, Bushnell; and acting assistant surgeon, Benjamin I. Dunn, Macomb. Surgeon Huston died at Memphis, June 25, 1864. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY- EIGHTH INFANTRY. COMPANY A. Duncan, Dr. B. A. ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIRST INFANTRY. COMPANY C. Captains : George C. Steach. James L. Cochran. First Lieutenant: Harvey T. Gregg. Quartermaster Sergeant : Isaiah L. Bailey. Commissary Sergeant: Zimri M. Parvin. Hospital Steward : Wiley 0. Langford. Sergeants: William H. Parrish. Henry Arbogast. Corporals : John H. Dixon, Thomas R. Ritenour, Johu W. Painter, Abraham Arthurs, Rollins Whittlesey, John H. Snook, Charles E. Blackburn. Musicians : Wilber C. Clark. Richard Hillyer. Privates: Wagoner, J. S. K., Adams, Albert J., Atkinson, William H., Broaddus, Johu R., Brink, Stephen, Boyer, Silas M., Beaver, Francis M., Chapman, Henry, Campbell, Murray L., Cottrell, William J. Collier, Thomas, Carter, George W., Davidson. Ezikiel C, Davidson, Garrett, Dean, Thomas W., Gray, James A , Gadden, Cyrus J , Hickman, Bayard, Iseman, David, Johnson, Joseph, Lester, Calvin, Laughlin, Edwin F., Moore, James W., Moulgomery, John, Mariner, George, Markham, Byron, Marsh, Gilbert H., Nickerson, D. A., Pierson, Thomas, Steel, William, Seafier, Alii ver P., Tittsworth, John M., Thompson, John W., Weisbrod, George, Whittier, Laforrest, Waid, John J., Barry, Robert, Dace, Johu, Oreenwell, Francis M. Hinesman, William, Hudson, Wash. W., Jellison, John, Leighty, Henry, Langley, Barnett W. Miller, Charles C, Muckey, George W., Martin, John B., Myer, Benjamin F., McElva-in, George H., McLaren, John, Nash, Andrew W., Pittsinburgen, Martin, Sperling, Robert B., Travis, James, Toweri-, Henry J., Thomson, Charles L,, Weisbrod, August, Wenkler, Leopold, Wolf, Dallas, Cord, Thaddeus C, COMPANY H. Corporal: Richaid N. Pearson. TS- 192 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Privates : Brown, Edwin F., Carstens, A. W., Hobart, Lewis, Kennedy, John, McGuire. John, McPherson, G., "Campbell, Samuel A., Crawford, James, Humberd, J. P., McDermitt, M., McCormick, Wm.^ Maxwell, William, COMPANY I. Corporal: Buchanan, Ellis. Privates: Bacon, Daniel, Cowdry, Spencer, Dorset, Harrison, Hudson, W., Hall, Avory, Kelsey, John S., Nutt, John, Pryor, Timothy, Cochran, Asbury C, Cook, Robert, Graham, Hugh, Herricks, Almerlin, H earns, H. H., Mower, Francis M.. Pickens, Wm. A., Roach, Elam A., Robertson, John W., Robertson, Barton, Strucker, Joseph, Whitston, Abijah. COMPANY K. Allen, John, Caldwell, John, , Evans, Job J., Fariier, James, Hall, George A., O'Brien, John, Robertson, John, Upton, Charles W., White, Burrows, Joseph, Cooper, Robert, Farrell, Michael, Hunsaker, James, Lovitt, Thomas, Pike, John, Toner, John, Wallace, B., Thomas. ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FII^T INFAN TEY. This regiment was organized at Quincy, Illinois, and mustered into the United States service February 23, 1865, for one year. From Quincy it proceed ed to Springfield, where it received its arms and accoutrements, and was or dered to Nashville, and on March 7 marched to Murfreesboro, and then by rail to Chattanooga, Tennessee, where it remained drilling and engaged in picket and guard duty and scouting. On the 23d of April, Colonel Woodall was detailed to proceed under a flag of truce to Macon, Georgia, via Atlanta, to communicate with Major-General Wil son, and carry the terms offered to the rebel General Warford for his surren der, together with that of his command. This mission he executed Avith credit and dispatch and was complimented by his commanding officer, Brigadier-Gen eral H. M. Judah. On the 2d of May, they were ordered to proceed to Kingston, Georgia, Ada Eesaca and Calhoun, and arrived at that town May 12th, after a most wearisome march. The regiment marched into town with the precision of regulars, as they were to receive the surrender of the rebel General Warford and his command, on the 13th, 14th and 15th of May, 1865, they were employed in the surrender and paroling of this body of rebels — 10,400 in all, which kept them busy. The regiment remained at Kingston guarding government property, etc. July 28, the regiment proceeded to Col umbus, Georgia, where, January 24, 1866, it was mustered out and ordered to Springfield, Illinois, where it received, final payment and discharge, February 8, 1866. Of this regiment 138 wSre McDon ough county men, of whom but four died, being the only casualties; as far as known. TENTH MISSOURI INFANTRY. COMPANY B. Captain : William F. Bsyne. First Lieutenant: James E. Fleming! HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 193 Sec md Lieutenant: Jerry Randolph. Sergeants: David 8. Randolph, James McClellan, Calvin R. 8ingle, Jame< F. Jones, John H. Moore. Corporals: James F. Greenup, Russell T. Stokes, James W. Harlan, John Matheny, C. J. Lindsey, Crawford Cubbison, Isaac Halterman, Jahn W. Clark. Musicians: C. Morris, fifer, J. W. Foley, drummer. Privates: Samuel Baldwin, Reece W. Barnes, P. Cubbison, W. H. Davis, Francis M. Fleming, Samuel H. Frlsclive, Albert Freas, Hiram P. Howe, Joseph Hensley, John Horton, John P. Lane, William T. Moore, David E. Marler, John Melvin, Isaac D. Morgan, D. H. McCartney, Thomas J. Martin, * Harvey Oatman, Edward C. Rabbit, G. A. Robinson, John M. Sweeny, Wm. H. Stevens, G. W. Thompson, John E. Vance, John Wooley, W.- H. Woods, William George W. Bmey, Andrew J. Clark, Dmiel A. Camp, Thomis J. Ferguson, John H. Fair, Ed win A. Farley, R ibert F. Prances, Anderson D. Hainline Wm. O. Hoskinson, William R. Kirk, Wm. P. Leaphart, Robert J. Mills, Richard A- Morris, William N. McGraw, Robert S. Morgan, John W. Myers, David G. Newell, William B. Rice, Louis Roberts, « Hiram L. Sweeny, Wm. 8. Stokes, George Sherwood, L. C. Twichel, I. N. VanHoesen, Milton Woolridge, Felix B. White, H. Young. TENTH MISSOURI INFANTEY. COMPANY B. At the first call for 300,000 men, made by President Lincoln in 1861, Dr. W. F. Bayne, of Macomb,, made up a company. and immediately wrote to Springfield and tendered its service to Governor Yates. The Governor informed him that, as he had already accepted two companies from McDonough county, and that being their full quota, he must decline any more. The Doctor, with his men, not desiring to quietly submit and remain at home in time of their coun try's peril, concluded to go to Missouri and enlist, that state being unable to fill her quota. They accordingly went to St. Louis without delay, tendered their service, and were accepted by Governor Gamble, and were mustered into the service of the United States at St. Louis Arsenal, as company B. It was put on detached duty until 1862, when it was assigned to the 10th Missouri infantry 2d brigade, 3d diAdsion, army of the Mississippi. The doctor received the commission of captain, and for two years led the company through many of the hottest engagements of the rebellion. Very soon after the captain had been commisioned he received a letter from Governor Yates accepting the services of his company, stating that when the two comp*,nies referred to came to mus ter they had only men enough for one. This letter was received too late to ef fect any change. Had it arrived a few hours earlier Captain Bayne and his. company would have been in the 28th Illinois volunteers. One of the most efficient regiments engaged in the suppression of the rebellion was the 10th Missouri infantry, and no com pany of that regiment did better service or has a brighter record than company B, of McDonough county. Many of those enlisting in 1861 never 194 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. returned to their homes, still there are a few of the brave boys scattered here and there over the county, who, a number years ago, were so resolutely determined to defend their coimtry. The following are some of the more prominent engage ments in which company B took an act ive part: Corinth, in the spring of 1862; luka, September, 1862; Corinth, Octo ber 3 and 4, 1862; Eaymond, Miss., May 12, 1863; Jackson, May 14, 1863, and Champion HUls, May 16. The company was before Vicksburg during the seige, from May 18 to July 4, 1863. For accounts of these engagements the reader is referred to the preceding pages. SECOND CALIFORNIA CAVALRY. Faulkner, Henry J., FIFTY-FOURTH OHIO INFANTRY. COMPANY A. Depoy, James. FIFTH CALIFORNIA INFANTRY. Brevet Captain. ^ H. H. Stevens. UNITED STATES VETERAN VOLUN TEERS. COMPANY A. McConnell, Wm. J. COMPANY K. Vandermint, Daniel, Begg, Matthew, Smith. John O. ENGINEER REGIMENT OF MISSOURI. COMPANY C. Butler, Cyrus F. FIRST ENGINEER REGIMENT OF THE WEST. COMPANY B. Folsom, DeWitt C, Folsom, 'Isaac Y., Davie, Sylvester, Davie, Atwood, Halterman, Oliver, Benedict, Benjamin, DeHass, A. J., Stolcup, David, Cooper, David, Hatfield, Joseph, Snyder, James, White, Joseph, Tally, Vincent, Clarey, John, Flannegan, William, Burdell, Windell, Spunagle, William, Spunagle, Daniel, Spunagle, Jacob, Hoover, Benjamin K., Patton, William G., Moore, Peter, Moore, Oliver, Lamb, Frank, Maloney, Richard A. EOLL OF HONOE. The following embraces a list of the brave patriots from McDonough county, who laid down their lives in defense of the union. Words were feeble in the expression of the gratitude to these gal lant but unfortunate comrades; weak in the expression of honor with which their names are held in fond remembrance by those they died to benefit. May their names be handed down ir&m. generation to generation; may their children, and children's children, speak of them and recount their deeds with reverence, in spired by the remembrance and admira tion of their noble sacrifice. May their sufferings, their death, and rude burial upon the hot and dusty battlefields of the south, and in the trenches of AnJer- sonville and Libby, all tend to strengthen the land they died for, and make patri otism's watchword, " 'Tis sweet and hon orable to die for one's country.'" The muffled drum's sad roll has beat. The soldier's last tattoo; No more on life's parade shall meet The brave but falleuTew. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 195 On fame's eternal camping ground Their silent tents are spread. And glory guards, with solemn round. The bivouac of the dead. No rumor of the foe's advance Now sweeps upon the wind; No troubled thoughts at midnight haunt. Of loved ones left behind; No vision of the morrow's strife. The warrior's dream alarm; Nor neighing horns nor screaming fife. At dawn shall call to arms. Their shivered swords are red with rust. Their plumed heads are bowed; Their haughty banners trailed in dust. Is now their martial shroud; And plenteous funeral tears have washed The red stains from each brow. And the proud form hy battle gashed. Are free from anguish now. Now, 'neath their parent turf they rest. Far from the gory field. Borne to a Spartan mother's breast On many a bloody shield; The sunshine of their native sky Smiles sadly on them here. And hundred eyes and hearts watch by The soldier's sepulchre. Rest on, embalmed and sainted dead. Dear as the blood ye gave! No impious footsteps here shall tread The herbage of your grave. Nor shall your glory be forgot While fame her record keeps. Or honor points the hallowed spot Where valor proudly sleeps. Yon faithful herald's blazoned stone With mournful pride shall tell. When many a vanrj uished ijge has flown. The story how ye fell! Nor wreck, nor change, nor winter's flight, Nor time's remorseless doom. Shall mar oue ray of glory's light That gilds your deathless tomb. Jacob Rutishamer died at Columbus, Ken tucky, April 4, 1862. James E. Saddler died July 4, 1863. Thomas L. Holliday was killed at the battle of Shiloh, April 6, 18G2. Henry 0. Calvin was mortally wounded No- veu>ber 11, 1863. George Davis died at Trenton, Tennessee, August 16, 1863. Jacob Oertel was killed at Holly Springs, December 20, 1862. Edward Curtis was killed at Sabine, Loiiisi- ana, April 8, 1864. John H. Kinkade died at Carrollton, Louisi ana, August 22, 1863. Aaron Markham, a veteran, died at Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Enoch Nelson died at Louisville, Kentucky, September 29, 1865. Alexander L. Corporal was killed at Bird's Point, Missouri, January 10, 1862. Daniel Lair was killed at Bird's Point Janu ary 10, 1862. Christian Myers was killed at Bird's Point. Missouri, January 10, 1862. Samuel S. Schall died of wounds at Oxford, Mississippi, December 7, 1862. William B. Park died at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, July 14, 1863. Benjamin F. Pyle died at LaGrange, Ten nessee, February 15, 1863. Henry Thompson died at Memphis, Tennes see, May 5, 1864. George W. Calkins was drowned at Clear creek while scouting. George C. Gates was killed January 18, 1862, at Bethel, Tennessee. Ephraim McKinney died in the service at Memphis,Tennessee. Philip Schenck died at St. Louis, Missouri, August 1, 1862. John Jackson died at St. Louis, Missouri June 18, 1862. John M. Titus died at Vicksburg, July 26, 1864. Daniel F. Giles died at Napoleonville, Louis iana. Theodore Mitchell died August 2, 1864, at at Napoleonville, Louisiana. James Beard died at wounds at Vandalia. 196 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Commissary Sergeant James C. Canfield died at Richmond, Virginia, March 5, 1864, while a prisoner of war. Thomas Able died in Andersonville prison July 1, 1864; number of grave, 2,415. Henry H. Bellew died while a prisoner of war, March 1, 1861, at Richmond, Vir ginia. Captain Eben White died of wounds May 18, 1865. George L. Hainline, a veteran, was killed at Bentonville, March 20, 1865. Harrison H. Hampton died while in the service. Henry Hart died June 2, 1862. Edwin D. Kelly, a veteran, was killed at Jonesboro, Georgia, September 7, 1864. Cyrus Lane, a veteran, missing siuce the battle of Bentonville. Orren Sperry, a veteran, died May 31, 1864. Charles Waters, a veteran, died of wounds, April 24, 1865. John H. Crowl was killed at Bentonville, March 20, 1865. George F. Hastings died from wounds, April 21. 1865. Captain David P. Wells died April 7, 1862. Corporal James M. Eyre died September 19, 1862. Corporal William Powers died October 15' 1862. Sylvester Yocum died May 4, 1862. William C. Green, a veteran, was killed at Resaca, Georgia, May 15, 1864. Isaac Toland, a veteran, died April 12, 1865. First Lieutenant James Donaldson was killed July 17, 1864. Benjamin Hendricks died March 1, 1862. John Smithwait died January 7, 1862. Jacob Newell died March 7, 1864. William Murry died October 31, 1861. James D. Ervin died at Little Rock, May 9, 1865. David H. Messick died at Memphis April 10, 1865. William H. Woods died at Camp Butler March 24, 1865. William P. Brown died at Colmar, Illinois. Second Lieutenant Andrew W. McGoughy was killed July 10, 1864. Sergeant Robert Pearson was killed atShiloh, Tennessee, April 6, 1862. Corporal Joseph Gill was killed at Shiloh, Tennessee, April 6, 1862. Thomas Faulkner was killed at Jackson, Mississippi, July 12, 18G3. Josiah Gill died at Natchez, Mississippi, September 1, 1863. William II. Matheny, a veteran, died at Natchez, Mississippi, March 10, 1864. Albert Milligan was killed at the battle of Shiloh, April 6, 1862. Seymore Nichols died of wounds received at Hatchie October 15, 1863. Henry W. Penrose died at Memphis, Ten nessee, August 5, 1862. Solomon R. Shepherd was killed at Shiloh, Tennessee, April 6. 1862. George H. Teas was killed at Shiloh, Ten nessee, April 6, 1862. William Twitchell has been missing since the battle of Shiloh, Tennessee. Corporal James H. Welch was killed at Shi loh, Tennessee, April 6, 1862. Francis L. Warren died at Pittsburg Land ing, April 15, 1862. James L. Carter died at Brownsville, Texas, November 25, 1865. Joseph C. Plotts died at Fort Holt, Kentucky, November 22, 1862. James R. Davis died at Brownsville, Texas, August 30, 1865. Martin Phillips died November 6, 186-1, at Brownsville, Texas. First Sergeant James M, Shreeves died at Vicksburg, August 19, 1863. Corporal David M. Cranbaugh, a veteran, died of Avounds, April 14, 1865. George Bane was killed while on picket duty, July 14, 1863. George W. Fowraker died at Walnut Hills, Mississippi, June 28, 1863. Robert M. Fugate died at Memphis, Tennes see, January 14, 1864. Oliver J. Hoyt was killed at Vicksburg, Mis sissippi, May 19, 1863. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 197 Jesse N. Inman, died at Memphis, Tennes see, September 27, 1862. Joseph B. Medaris died at Bushnell, Illinois, INIay 2, 1864. Matthew McComb died at Bridgeport, Illi nois, December 25, 1865. Joseph P. Putnam, a veteran, was mortally wounded at Kenesaw mountain and left on the fleld June 27, 1864. William Snapp died at Camp Sherman, Mississippi, August 29, 1863. Sergeant H. H. Weaver died at St. Louis Aprils, 1863. Corporal James B. Murphy was killed at Walnnt Hills, June 25, 1863. Corporal William J. Eckley, a veteran, died of wounds August 15, 1864. George W. Eckley died at Camp Sherman, Mississippi, August 8, 1863. John Sexton died at Camp Sherman, Mis sissippi, August 31, 1863. George Hanks died at Corinth, Tennessee, December 24, 1862. Corporal WilliaTi A. Blume was killed at Perryville, Kentucky, October 8,' 1862. Christ Brinay died of wounds July 29, 1864. James Cochran, a veteran, was killed at Nash ville, Tennessee, December 16, 1864. Abraham G. Chute died at Springfleld, Mis souri, November 6, 1861. William H. Emeil was killed at Perryville, Kentucky, October 8, 1862. William H. Jarvis was killed at Perryville, Kentucky, October 8, 1862. Nathan Loge died at luka, Mississippi, Aug ust 9, 1862, Thomas Lawyer Avas killed at Perryville, Kentucky, October 8, 1862. William Loftis died at Mound City, Illinois, August 6, 1863. John M. Mourning died at Lebanon, Mis souri, February 10, 1863. James Murphy died of wounds March 18, 1862. George E. Norman was killed at Rocky Face Ridge May 11, 1864. John W. Seward died October 22, 1863. Sergeant William Nelson died of wounds December 1, 1863. James H. Sheets was killed at Stone River December 31, 1862. Henry Torhouse, a veteran, died December 16, 1864. George W. Ramsey died at Jackson, Tennes see, September 8, 1863. Corporal Andrew Kellough was killed near Corinth May 8, 1863. William R. Jacobs died at Glendale, Missis sippi, October 1, 1863. James Lyons died at his home in Bardolph July 38, 1863. Samuel B. Stokes died at Decatur, Alabama, May 15, 1864. Charles F. Winslow was killed near Atlanta, Georgia, July 22, 1864, Jonathan Haynes died at St. Louis, Missouri, July 3, 1863. William Fair died at Roanoke, Sonth Caro lina, March 31, 1865. William Kirkpatrick died while in the ser vice. Lieutenant Garrett J. D. Jarvis was killed at Fort Blakeley, April 9, 1865. Harmon F. Morris died at Paducah, October 9, 1862. John Myers died at Yazoo Pass, March 16, 1863. Peter Peters died at Selma, Alabama, July 26, 1865. John W. Royce died at Columbus, Kentucky, October 21, 1863. Patrick Brannan was killed at Franklin, Tennessee, November 30, 1864. Colonel Carter Van Vleck died August 23, 1864, of wounds received at Atlanta, Georgia. Major William L. Broaddus was killed, Sep tember 20, 1863. Martin V. Fugate waskilled at Chickamauga , September 20, 1863. Samuel H. Fugate died at Resaca, Geoigia, May 17, 1864, from wounds. Lebeus Allhouse died at Richmond, Virginia, February 14, 1864, while a prisoner of war. 198 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Solomon Toland was killed at Chickamauga, September 30, 1863. Richard W. Scott died of wounds Septem ber 2, 1864. Second Lieutenant John E. James was killed in battle June 37, 1864. Marshall C. Kline was killed at Atlanta, Georgia, August 7, 1864. George W. Dowell died at Nashville, Ten nessee, October 29, 1863. John Forrest was killed at Jonesboro, Ga., September 1, 1864. William W. Harmon died at Savannah, Feb ruary 31, 1865. John W. James was killed at Jonesboro, Georgia, September 1, 1864. Thomas Lindsey died at Chattanooga June 35, 1864. Jacob H. Michaels was killed at Kenesaw Mountain June 37, 1864. Sergeant Michael Mealey was killed at At lanta, Georgia, September 4, 1864. Charles H. Magie died at Nashville, Tennes see, August 19, 1863. John Monahan died at Chattanooga, April 3, 1864. Charles L. Norris died November 6, 1864, at Chattanooga. John W. Rush was killed at Jonesboro, Georgia, September 1, 1864. Sylvester Riddell died at Nashville, Tennes see, December 30, 1853. Cyril Tyft was killed at Jonesboro, Georgia. September 1, 1864. Richard L. Terry died of wounds, in the ser vice. Richard C. Allen died at Andersonville prison. May 28, 1864. Albert C. Bennett died at Boston, Kentucky, November 12, 1862. William H. Bowman died November 36, 1863, of wounds. Christopher Brown died at Richmond, Vir ginia, January 23, 1864, while a prisoner of war. Simeon Craig died at Andersonville prison September 33, 1864; number of grave, 9,307. FirstSergeant Jerome J.Clark died of wounds April 30, 1865. George H. David died of wounds October 3, 1863. Hugh H. Doran diediu Andersonville prison May 38, 1864. Benjamin F. Lane was killed at Chickamauga September 30, 1863. Parmenium Hamilton died of wounds Octo ber 15, 1863. Moses A. McCandless was killed near Griggsville, Tennessee, November 36, 1864. Frapcis M Stewart died at Andersonville prison August 20, 1864; number of grave 6,293. Thomas J. Vail died at Nashville, Tennessee, July 3, 1863. William Weaver died of wounds September 6, 1864. John R. Carroll died in Andersonville prison, August 24, 1863. Samuel F. Gibson died in Andersonville prison, July 29, 1864. Sergeant Thomas M. Whitehead died at Gal latin, Tennessee, December 11, 1862. Corporal Quincy A. Roberts was killed at Rocky Face Ridge, May 9, 1863. Corporal Thomas J. Stearns died at Nash ville, Tennessee, February 14, 1863. Samuel Blair died at Louisville, Kentucky, October 26, 1863. Silas E. Brotherton died at Lookout Moun tain, Tennessee' August 7, 1864. John Baker died of wounds September 31, 1863. Milton Clark died at Nashville, Tennessee, December 35, 1863. , George W. Casto died at Chickamauga Sep tember 31, 1868. John Driscoll died at Somerset, Kentucky, November 37, 1863. Frank Gadd died of wounds, January 30, 1865, at Nashville, Tennessee. Francis M. Holliday was killed near Dallas, Georgia, May 30, 1864. Edward O'Bryan was killed at Rocky Face Ridge May 9, 1864. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 199 George Parks died of wounds at Nashville, Tennessee, February 13, 1863. George R. Vorhees ilied April 13, 1863. Abel H. Willis died at Andersonville prison March 15, 1865. James P. McCamenout died September 1, 1863. George W. Willis died at Chattanooga, Oc tober 13, 1863. Corporal Richard H. McClintock was killed at Chickamauga, September 20, 1868. Corporal David G. Harland died of wounds, January 3, 1863. Augustus Miles was killed at Chickamauga, September 19, 1863. Coleman Mitchell died of wounds, April 3, 1863. Samuel Walker died of wounds, October 24, 1863. John A. Greer died June 9, 1865. Sergeant George T. Yocum was killed at Stone river, December 31, 1862. Sergeant John A. Eyre died at Macomb, Jan uary 16, 1864. Corporal William J. Hensley died at Bowling Green, Kentucky, December 29, 1862. Corporal Edward S. Piper died at Ma,nches- ter, July 18, 1863. Corporal Nathan A. Miller died at Murfrees boro, Tennessee, May 22, 1864. Joseph T. Adcock died at Murfreesboro, Ten nessee, January 6, 1863. Francis Brooks died at Louisville, Kentucky, November 23, 1882. David Brown died at Danville, Kentucky, December 10, 1862. Jackson V. Ferguson died at Benton Bar racks, Missouri, February 10, 1863. Allen A. Herndon died at Nashville Febru ary 20, 1863. Alexander McQuestion died at Nashville, February 7, 1868. Abraham Purdam died of wounds at Nash ville, February 15, 1863. Richard W. Pennington was killed at Stone river, December 31, 1863. John H. Rollins died at Nashville, Tennes see, January 3, 1863. Josiah Swigart died in McDonough county, Illinois, June 9, 1864. William H. Simmons died at Bowling Green, Kentucky, November 33, 1863. Edward Smith died of wounds September 33, 1863. Henry Vanmeter died at Dallas, Georgia, June 1, 1864. Abraham W. Willis died at Louisville, Kentucky, December 6, 1862. William H. Winslow died at Nashville, Tennessee, December 31, 1863. Corporal Eli Elwell was killed at Stone river December 31, 1863. Corporal James H. Kennie died of wounds at Chattanooga, October 20, 1863. Vachel Benson was killed at Stone river, De cember 31, 1862. Christopher Enders was killed at Stone river, January 23, 1863. Allen Graves died at Murfreesboro, Tennes see, January 23, 1863. George W. Kerr died at Quincy, Illinois, Feb ruary 11, 1864. Sergeant Thomas Campbell died at Cowan station, Tennessee, July 27, 1863. David P. Peterman died of wounds at At lanta, Georgia, July 2 J, 1864. Artemus Myers was killed at Kenesaw moun tain, June 27, 1864. Henry C. Martin diedou steamer Di. Vernon, January 18, 1863. James T. Burham died August 20, 1865. Sergeant Robert T. Carter died at Vicksburg, Mississippi, August 13, 1864. John Covert died at Jeflerson Barracks, Mis souri, August 24, 1864. Benjamin Duncan died at Memphis, Tennes see, August 5, 1864. Frederick Falch died at Mound City, Illi nois, December 30, 1862. Benjamin Frankenburg died of wounds at JefiFerson Barracks, Missouri, December 13, 1864. Alpheus M. Gibson died at Quincy, Illinois, December 14, 1864. Wilson L. McKennelly died at Memphis July 20, 1864. 200 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. WiUiam H. Couch, of wounds, March 30, 1863. John Ittle died in the insane asylum at Washington, D. C, October 1, 1863. Sergeant John Bechtel died at Lake Provi dence, Louisiana, March 31, 1863. Thomas Brcdbent died of wounds May 16, 1863. Abner Barrett died at Keokuk, Iowa, Octo ber 34. 1863. John Bainbridge died at Memphis, Tennes see, January 38, 1868. William H. Boyd died at Jackson, Tennes see, November 15, 1863. Simon Calbert died at Memphis, Tennessee, July 34, 1868. Job Gartside died at St. Louis, Missouri, No vember 1, 1864. George Hall died at Jackson, Tennessee, Oc tober 30, 1862. Benjamin Bugg died at Memphis, Tennessee, February 17, 1863. Henry T. Forrest was killed at Champion Hills, Mississippi, May 16, 1863. Nathaniel M. Guy died at Vicksburg, Mis sissippi, July 8, 1863. .Tasper Kennett died at Memphis. Tennessee, February 11, 1868, William C. Morris died at Oxford, Missis sippi, December 16, 1862. Flavins J. Sypherd died at home, December 27, 1864. Isaac N. Stodgill died after having been dis' charged on account of disability. George P. Hezlip died of wounds, July 18, 1863. Amos B. Johnson died at Quincy, Illinois, April 27, 1865. Surgeon William A. Huston died at Mem phis, Tennessee, June 25, 1864. Edward S. Brooking was killed while a pris oner near Memphis, Tennessee. Henry P. Nichols died at home, December 2, 1864. Samuel Sheley died at Memphis, September 1, 1864. Christopher P. Stantial was killed at Mem phis, Tennessee, August 31, 1864. John H. Lowell died at home, May 26, 1865. Henry H. Harris died at Memphis, Tennes see, September 1, 1864. Lieutenant Lester W. Porter was killed at Memphis, Tennessee, August 21, 1864. Corporal Thomas R. Ritenour, died at Co- lumbus, Georgia^ September 16, 1865. Joseph Johnson died at Dalton, Georgia, May, 1865. Ayery Hall died at Nashville, March 7, 1865. _ David Stolcup died of wounds at Chatta nooga. John Clarrey died at St. Louis. Matthew Begg, a United States veteran, died at Cairo, Illinois, October 13, 1863. CHAPTER X. COUNTY GOVEENMENT. In December, 1818, when the state of Illinois was admitted into the union, as one of the great sovereign states, the territory now known as McDonough county, was a part of Madison county, and remained so until 1821, in which year, by an act of the legislature, ap proved on the 20th of June, it was made HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 201 a part of Pike county. On the 10th of February, an act of the same body was approved whereby its present boundaries were defined, and it was attached to the county of Schuyler, for judicial, election and recording purposes. It remained thus until in the summer of 1830, when it being thought that there were enough inhabitants to justify a^seperate organi zation, a petition signed by a majority of the legal voters of the county, was pre sented to Hon. Eichard M. Young, at that time judge of the Fifth judicial dis trict, and holding court at Eushville, Schuyler county. This was upon the 14th day of June. The petition went on to state, that McDonough county had the requisite number of inhabitants des ignated by the legislature for the legal organization of counties, and praying for the necessary authority so to do. There upon, oh the same day. Judge Young issued an order, of which the foUoAving is a verbatim copy: State of Illinois, McDonough County, {Sct. To th« People of the State of Illinois, to all who shall see these presents, greeting: Whereas, By the said ninth and eleventh sections of the act entitled "An act forming new counties out of the counties of Pike and Fulton, and the attached parts thereof," ap proved January 13, 1825, it is made the duty of the presiding judge of the Fifth judicial circuit of the state of Illinois, whenever it shall be made to appear to his satisfaction that either of the counties of Hancock, War ren, Mercer, Henry, Putnam or Knox con tains three hundred and flfty inhabitants, to proceed to organize the same, and to grant an order for the election of county offlcers preparatory thereto; and Whereas, By virtue of an act entitled "An act supplementary to an act entitled 'An act forming new counties out of the counties of Pike and Fulton, and the attached parts thereof,' " approved January 25, 1826, a new county was created, to be called the county of McDonough, with the express provision therein contaiued that the inhabitants of the said county of McDonough should enjoy and possess all the rights and privileges granted tothe inhabitants of the several counties created by tbe flrst recited act, and to which the said last mentioned act is a supplement; and Whereas, It has been made to appear to my satisfaction that the skid county of Mc Donough contains three hundred and flfty inhabitants and upwards, and inasmuch as the greater part of the qualified voters of said county have requested, by petition, that the same should be organized with as little delay as possible, I do therefore,in pursuance of the power invested in me by virtue of the provisions contained in the above recited acts, order and direct that an election in and for the said county of McDonough, at the house of Elias McFadden, in said county, on Saturday, the third day of July next, for the election of three county commissioners, one sherifT, and one coronei, to serve, when elected and qualified, in and for the said county of McDonough, respectively, until they shall be superseded by the persons who may be elected at the • general election, to be held on the first Monday in August next ensuing the date hereof; and fpr the purpose bf having this order carried into execution, I do hereby appoint Ephraim Perkins, Wil liam McDonald and John Rogers, Esquires, of said county, judges of said election, whose duty it shall be to set up written .or printed advertisements or notices of said election in at least six of the most public places in said county. Inclusive of the place at which the said election is hereby directed to be held, having due regard to the situation aud popu lation of the different settlements, at least ten days immediately preceding the said election, to the end that all persons con cerned may have timely notice thereof, the 202 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. election to be viva voce, between the hours of 10 o'clock in the morning and 7 o'clock in the afternoon of said day, and conducted in all respects, as near as may be practicable, in conformity with the act entitled "An act regulating elections," approved January 10, 1829; and, lastly, the said judges are to cer tify the result of the said election to the offlce of the secretary of state as soon thereafter as may be convenient, in order that the persons who may be elected and entitled to commis sions may be commissioned and qualify with as little delay as possible, and after the said election of the said couuty offlcers shall have taken place In pursuance of this order, I do hereby declare the said county of McDonough to be organized and entitled to the same rights and privileges as the other counties in this state. Given under my hand and seal, at Rush- ville, this 14th day of June, A. D., 1830, aud of the independence of the United States the fifty-fourth. RICHARD M. YOUNG, Circuit Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit of the State of Illinois. Accompanying this document was the following letter, which is of historical importance enough to make an apology for its insertion here needless: RusHviLLE, Schuyler County, III, , June 14, 1830. Gentlemen :— Enclosed you will flnd an order for the election of county offlcers in the county of McDonough, preparatory to the organization thereof, according to request of citizens of that county. I have appointed you judges of election, as you will see by reference to the order, an'rost, ind 9U9 Coroner. T.J. Bowman, dem 3541 G, W. Eeid, rep 3660— 19 G. W. Keithiey, ind 770 On the prohibition ticket Groen received 15 votes in the county; Smith, for clerk of appellate court, 16; Kate Hopins, 15 for superintendent of public instruction. On the question of an aniendment to ihe constUutian permitting drainage. For 3739—1750 Against 979 SPECIAL ELECTION, DECEMBER 3, 1878. I^rectsitrer J. W. Westfall, dem '. 3.330— .305 B. R. WestfaU, rep 3016 « ELECTION, NOVEMBER, 1879 County Treasurer . W. M. Ragon, rep 3360— 138 D. A. Herlocker, dem 3333 Wilson, greenbacker ;. 253 County Surveyor. Cephas Holmes, rep 3.389 — 333 W. J. Edie, dem 8167 Currens, ,greenbacker 873 ELECTION, NOVEMBER, 1880. I^esident. J. A. Garfield, rep 3014— 137 W. S. Hancock, dem 2877 J.B. Weaver, greenbacker 464 Governor. S . M . Cullom, rep 3006— 140 Lyman Trumbull, dem 3866 A. J. Streator, greenbacker 468 Lieutenant Governor. J. M. Hamilton, rep 3018— 140 L. B. Parson, dem 2879 A. B. Adair, greenbacker 464 Secretary of State. H. D. Dement, rep 3017— 133 J. H. Oberly, dem -2879 J. M. Thompson, greenbacker 464 State Auditor. C. P. Swigert, rep 3018— 140 L. C. Slarkel, dem 2878 W. T. Ingam, greenbacker 463 State Treasurer, Edward Eutz, rep .3018- 140 T. Butterworth, dem 3878 G. W. Evans, greenbacker 463 Attorney General. James McCartney, rep • 3018— 141 L. Harmon, dem 3877 H. L. Whitlock, greenbacker 463 Scattering 1 Congress. B. F. Marsh, rep 3010 Robert HaUoway, dem 3105— 95 George Meador, greenbacker 203 Member Board of Equalization. WiUiam Crouch, rep 3018— 140 J. D. Stephens, dem 8878 R. J. Cabeen, greenbacker 460 Representative . S. B. Davis, rep 4538i/j D.D. Parry, rep 450014 W. C. McLeod, dem 8133;4 William Birdsall. greenbacker 1875'/4 Countiy Attorney. J. M. Blazer, rep 8043 WiUiam Prentiss, dem 3184— 141 Circuit Clerk. J, E. Wyne, rep 3030— 186 T. Huston, dem 2904 J. O. Cowan, greenbacker 418 Shenff. Fred Newland, rep 3022-^ 30 J. A. Cowperthwaite, dem 3992 G.W. Baker, greenbacker 323 Coroner. C . F. Griflith, rep , 2997— 99 J. M. Chase, dem 2898 James Manley, greenbacker 439 On the question of an Appropriation to complete Ihe State Capitol. For 1737 Against 1905— 161 The prohibition ticket for National and State oflicers, received 13 votes in the county. ELECTION NOVEMBER, 1882. state Treasurer. Jobn C. Smith, rep 8908— 74 Alfred Orendorff, dem , 88.34 A. B. Irwin, prohih 129 McLaughlin, greenbacker 194 State Superintendent. Chas. T. Stratton, r6p 3890— 48 Eaab, dem 3843 Brown, prohib 133 Hall, greenbacker 190 Scattering '. 2 Congress. B. H. Marsh, rep ^2:1 W. H. Neece, dem 3013— 489 Eev. E. Haney, pro. and greenbacker 457 State Senator. Henry Tubbs, rep 2899— 59 J. Ross Hanna, dem 2840 McCoy, prohib 134 Scisson, greenbacker 184 Scattering 3 State Bepresentaties. C. N. Eogers, rep 4203'/4 I.N. Pearson, rep ¦ 4684 Ji I. L, Prart, dem 7448»i Logsdon, greenbacker 1045>4 W. H. Grigsby, prohib 674 Scattering 8 Cornlij Judge. Isaac Weaver, rep " 2754 J. H.Baker, dem 3318—458 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 265 Sheriff. Fred Newland, rep .' 3197— 398 J. A. Cowperthwaite, dem 3799 County Clerk. A. B. Wetsel, rep 8679 C.W. Dines, dem 3341— 663 County Treasurer. J.C. Cadwallader, rep 2810 Thomss Sorter, dem 3171— 361 Scattering 1 County Superinlenxlent. Miss Ada Mariner, rep 2895 T. J. 'Dudman, dem ,. 3068— 167 Coroner. A. Switzer, rep 2934 Eichard Lawrence, dem 3966 — 31 On tlie question of appropriation to complete the State Capitol. For 1635 Against 3366—1731 On the question of ceding the Illinois and Michigan. Canal to the United States. For 3740-1078 Against 1668 On the question of JUcDonough County paying costs in Criminal cases. For 3673—3530 Against 1153 ELECTION NOVEMBEE, 1884. President. Grover Cleveland, dem 3080— 1 J. G. Blaine, rep 3079 B. P. Butler, greenbacker 154 J. P. St. John, prohib 181 Governor. Carter Harrison, dem 3131 — 18 E.J. Oglesby, rep 3103 James B. Hobbs, prohib 101 Jesse Harper, ind Ill Lieutenant- Governor. Henry Seiter, dem 3104- 8 John C . Sniith, rep 3096 A. C. Vanderwater, ind 136 James S. Ferryman, prohib 114 Sec-i-etary of State . M.J. Dougherty, dem .3104— 8 Henry D. Dement, rep 3096 H. E. Baldwin, ind , 151 C. W. Enos, prohib 104 State Auditor. Walter E. Carlin, dem 3098— 1 C. P. Swigart, rep 3097 E.F. Reeves, ind 148 A. B. Irwin, prohib 113 State Treasurer. Alfred Orendorfl, dem 3100— 3 Jacob Gross, rep 3097 Benj. W. Goodhue, ind 141 Uriah Copp, prohib 113 Attorney General. Eobt. L. McKinlay, dem 3103— 7 George Hunt, rep 3095 John N . Gwin, ind 141 Hale Johnson, prohib 112 Congress. Wm. II. Neece, dem 3356- 378 Alex P. Petrie, rep 3984 Robert II. Broaddus, prohib 94 J^fembers of Board of Equalization. E. J. Cabeen, dem .3243— 39 S. B. Dray, rep 3091 Almon Kidder, prohib 113 Scattering 1 State Legislature. Horatio E. Bartleson, dem 4486 WiUiam H. Wier, dem ....'. 4768i4 Calvin M. Eogers, rep 4514^ WiUiam H. McCord, rep 468314 Joseph S. Allard, ind 88914 C . C . Secrest, prohib 35814 Clerk Supreme Court. EthanA. Snively, dem 3125 Thos. L. McGrath, rep 3186— 1 Scattering 5 Clerk Appellate Court. G.W. Jones, dem 3133 L. W, Shepherd, rep 3133 Scattering 5 Circuit Clerk. C. S. ChurchiU, dem 3342— 167 Frank L . Brown, rep 3075 George Mourning 79 State's Attorney . Thos. J. Sparks, dem 3130 H. C. Agnew, rep 3178— .58 County Surveyor. William J. Edie, dem 3131 Cephas Holmes, rep 3194— 63 Coroner. John Hindman, dem 3155— 73 John B . Hendrickson, rep 3083 Solomon Hainline 106 On, the question of appropriation to complete State House. For 3893— 860 Against 3032 On the guestion of an amendment to the Constitution so as to give the Governor ihe power to veto a portion of a bill submitted to him and not ihe whole. For 2382—1035 Against 1347 266 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. CHAPTER XIII NATIONAL, STATE AND COUNTY EEPEESENTATION. AYhile unworthy man may at any and all times thrust themselves into office, in this free land, still it cannot but be acknowledged that the great body of the office-holders of the country, especially the elective ones, are truly representa tive men — men of positive force and character. They are of the number of those that do much to build up and strengthen a town, a county or a state. In this chapter it has been the endeavor, so far as is possible, to give slight sketches of all who have served the county of McDonough in the nation, state or county. That some of these are imperfect is known, but it should not be laid to the historian. Some that are mentioned have passed away from this mundane sphere, leaving no record from which a sketch could be written, while others have removed from this to other localities, and their, present whereabouts is generally unknown. CONGBESSIONAL. "When the county of McDonough was organized, in 1830, the state of Illinois constituted but one congressional dis trict, and was represented in the council of the nation by Joseph Duncan, a resi dent of Jackson and Morgan counties. He was the second representative from this state, succeeding Daniel P. Cook, in March, 1827. He represented Illinois in the 20th, 21st and 22d congress, or from 1827 to 1833. Under the apportionment act approved February 13, 1831, the state was divided into three districts, and the county of McDonough was assigned a place in the third district. In the 24th congress it was represented by Joseph Duncan, but for a short time, he resigning the same on being elected governor of the state, and was succeeded by William L. May, of Springfield. He, also, served in the 25th congress. The district was represented in the 26th congress, from 1839 to 1841, by John T. Stuart, who was re-elected to the 27th, serving until March, 1843- This gentleman was born in Fayette county, Kentucky, November 10, 1807. He was educated at Danville college, Kentucky, graduating in 1826, and studied law under Judge Breck. In 1828 he came to Springfield and entered upon the practice of law. It was in his office that Abraham Lincoln studied for the bar. In 1838 he ran against Stephen A. Douglas for congress and beat him, and in 1841 was re-elected, as above stated. During his congressional career he, during the session of 1841-3, secured an appropriation for the harbor at Chi cago. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 267 By the act of March 1, 1843, the state was divided into seven districts, and in the apportionment McDonough county was placed in the sixth district. The flrst election held under this act was in August, 1843, and Joseph P. Hoge, of JoDaviess county, was elected. The district comprised the counties of Stephenson, Winnebago, JoDaviess,Car- roll. Ogle, Lee, Whitesides, Eock Island, Henry, Stark, Mercer, Henderson, War ren, Knox, Hancock and McDonough. Mr. Hoge served in the 28th congress, and was re-elected to the 29th, serving until March 4, 1847. Thomas J. Turner was the next repre sentative from the 6th district. He was a member of the 30th congress. He was a resident of Freeport. In the 31st congress which convened at Washington March 4, 1849, this, the sixth district was represented by that noble warrior-statesman, E. D. Baker. He served in this congress. In after years he drifted to the Pacific slope, and in 1861, while serving as United States senator from Oregon, his adopted home, raised the 1st California regiment in New York and Philadelphia. That state refusing to father the matter after this, this noble body of men were turned over to the state of Pennsylvania, and became the 71st Pennsylvania infantry, and Colonel Baker commissioned anew. He was soon brevetted brigadier-gen eral, and fell while gallantly leading his men at the battle of Ball's Bluff, Octo ber 21, 1861. By the act of August 22, 1852, the state of Illinois was re-divided into nine districts, and McDonough, associated with the counties of Adams, Pike, Cal houn, Brown, Schuyler, Hancock and Henderson, was erected into the fifth district. Under this act, the first elec tion was held in November, 1852, and William A. Eichardson, of Quincy, was elected, and served in the house of rep resentatives during the 33d congress. He was re-elected to the '34th congress, and served until August 18, 1856, when he resigned, and was succeeded by Jacob C. Davis, who was elected to fill the va cancy August 25. The latter served until March 4, 1857. Isaac N. Morris, a resident of Quincy, Adams county, was the representative of this district in the 35th congress, and was re-elected to the 36th, serving four years, from March 4, 1857. He was an able man, and reflected credit upon his constituents, who had sent him to the national council. William A. Eichardson again was the member from the fifth district in the 37th congress, and served two years dur ing the eventful days of the early part of the civil war. By the census of 1860, it was found that the population of Illinois had so increased as to be entitled to fourteen "congressmen, and under the apportion ment act of 1861, the state was re-dis tricted. By some_ error but thirteen dis tricts were made, but to rectify it, one congressman was elected from the state- at-large. McDonough county, by this apportionment, became a part of the ninth district, and had associated with it the counties of Fulton, Mason, Menard, Cass, Schuyler, Brown and Pike. The district was represented in the national house of representatives of the 38th congress by Levi W. Eoss. He was re- 268 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. elected to the 39th and 40tli congresses, serving, in all, six years. Lewis W. Eoss was born in Seneca Falls, New York, on the 2d of Decem ber, 1812, and was the son of Ossian M. and Mary (Winans) Eoss. In 1821, his father removed, with his family, to Illi nois, and after 'about a year spent in Madison county, removed to Fulton county. He laid out the town of Lewis- town, and was prominently identified with that county. He held the office of sheriff, and was postmaster, both at Lew istown and Havana, the latter the shire town of Mason county, which he laid out, also, and where he died in 1836. Lewis spent three years at Jacksonville college, where he finished his education. He read law with Josiah Lamborn, at the same place, and was admitted to the bar in 1837, and for 30 years was a prom inent member of the bar in Fulton county. As an able advocate he has had few peers in Central Illinois, and was a powerful speaker, an adroit de bater, and able rhetorican. He was a member of the state legislature from 1840 to 1844, inclusive, and a member of two constitutional conventions, and dur ing the Mexican war served one year as captain of company K, 4th Illinois in fantry, under the command of the cele brated Colonel E. D. Baker. Mr. Eoss has always been identified with the dem ocratic party, and was by them elected to congress as above stated. He was a delegate to the Charleston and Baltimore conventions in 1860, which nominated S. A. Douglas for the presidency ; to the St. Louis convention, in 1876, which nominated S. J. Tilden ; and to the Cin cinnati convention, of 1880, that resulted in the nomination of W. S. Hancock. After leaving congress, Mr. Eoss devoted himself to mercantile pursuits, but after wards abandoned that and retired from business cares, having accumulated a fine property. He was married, June 13, 1839, to Frances M. Simms, and they have had twelve children, six of whom are living. In the 41st congress, which convened for the first time March 4, 1869, the ninth district was represented by Thompson W. McNeely, of Petersburg, Menard county. He was re-elected to the 42d congress, and served until March 1873. -He was a native of Jacksonville, Illinois, of Scotch-Irish descent, his father being Robert McNeely, and his mother Ann Maria McNeely — nee Ware. The date of Thompson's birth was Oc tober 5, 1835. After receiving the fund amental portion of his education at the district schools of Menard county, whither his father had moved in 1839, he spent one year at Jubilee college, Pe oria, and four years at the Lombard university of Galesburg, graduating from the latter with the degree of bach elor of arts, in 1856, and receiving his master's degree three years later. He studied law in Petersburg, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1857, teaching school one term while studying his pro fession. He attended the law depart ment of the university of Kentucky and graduated therefrom in March, 1859. He has always taken a prominent posi tion ill the legal profession and in poli tics affiliating with the Democratic party. Under the apportionment act of July 2, 1872, made on the basis of the census HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 269 of 1870, the state of Illinois was divided into nineteen districts, and the counties of McDonough, Mercer, Henderson, Warren, Hancock and Schuyler were placed in the tenth district. The first election under this apportionment was held in November, 1872. In the 43d congress the new tenth district was rep resented by William H. Eay, of Eush ville, Schuyler county. He served one term of two years; and was succeeded by John C. Bagby, of the same town and county, who represented the district during the life of the 44th congress. The 45th congress, during the two years succeeding March 4, 1877, con tained as the representative of the people of this district, Benjamin F. Marsh, a citizen of Warsaw, Hancock county. He was re-elected to the- 46th and 47th con gresses. In the fall of 1882, William H. Neece, was elected to fill the place of member of congress from this district and occu pied a prominent place in the house of the 48th congress. He was re-elected in 1884, and is the present representa tive in the national hall of representa tives. William Henry Neece, member of con gress from the eleventh district, and a prominent lawyer in Macomb, is a son of Jesse and Mary D., (Maupin) Neece, and was born in Sangamon county, now a part of Logan, this state, February 26, 1831. In April of that year the family moved into this county. His father was a native of Kentucky; his mother of Virginia. They were members of the agricultural class, and reared their children in habits of industry, their farm being two miles south of Colches ter. Jesse Neece, the father of W. H., died in 1869; his mother, Mary A., 1837. The subject of this sketch was engaged in agricultural pursuits most of thetime, until nearly of age, receiving meanwhile an ordinary English education, such as a country school could furnish. From 1850 to 1852 he had some experience in chopping in the valley of the Illinois; in pork packing at Frederick, and in break ing prairie in this county. In the spring of 1852 Mr. Neece commenced teaching, and wound up his professional career in this line in the spring of 1853. He then started for the Pacific coast with his older brother, George W. Neece and family, crossing the plains by ox-team, and reaching Portland, Oregon, early in the autumn of that year. The next month William went to California, and failing as a miner, became a cook in a restau rant at Sacramento. In the spring of 1854 he engaged in mining with his brother, near Grass Valley, in Nevada county, California, and there remain ing until the spring of 1855, when he returned to this county. In the au tumn of that year he became purchas ing agent for the firm of J. H. Baker & Co., real estate dealers in Macomb, and was thus employed for one year. On May 3, 1857, he was married to Janette Ingals, of this county, and .the same year he commenced the study of law with Hon. John Simpson Bailey, since judge of the circuit court, and in 1858, was admitted to the bar. He still ap plied himself very closely to his legal studies, and in a few years began to rise in his profession. In 1861 he was elected to the city council of Macomb. In 1864 and 1870 he was elected to the legisla- 270 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. ture. He was also a member of the constitutional convention of the years 1869-70. He was the democratic nom inee for congress in the old tenth dis trict; was elected to. the state senate in 1878, serving four years, and in the au tumn of 1882 was elected to congress in a strong republican district. He was re-elected in 1884 and was chairman of committee on enrolled bills. Mr. and Mrs. Neece have three children; Jesse T., William A., and Orson B. GENERAL ASSEMBLY. When the county of McDonough was organized in 1830, it was a part of a dis trict, then without a number, composed of the counties of Pike, Adams, Fulton, Peoria, Schuyler, and Jo Daviess, and was represented in the senate of the seventh general assembly by Henry J. Eoss, and in the house by Joel Wright. This general assembly con vened at Vandalia, then the state capital, on the 6th of February, 1830, and ad journed February 16, 1831. The eighth general assembly met, at the same city, on the 3d of December, 1832, and adjourned March 2, 1833. The senatorial district composed of the counties of Schuyler, Fulton, Knox, Henry, Calhoun, Mercer, Warren, and McDonough was represented in the sen ate by William McCreery,. and in the house, by William Edmonston. The representative district was composed of the counties of McDonough, Calhoun, Warren, and Mercer. The ninth general assembly convened for its first session, at Vandalia, Decem ber 1, 1834, and adjourned February 13, 1835; its second session commenced December 7, 1835, and ended January 18, 1836. This county, which was asso- ^ ciated with the same counties as the last was represented in the senate, by George W. P. Maxwell, and in the house by Peter Butler. The latter was a resident of the town of Monmouth, Warren county, and during the Black Hawk war, was the captain of the company of mounted rangers that went from this and the adjoining county. He has been dead many years, and is only remem bered by the oldest settlers of this lo cality. On the 14tli of January, 1836, a new apportionment was made by which Mc Donough and Hancock were made one senatorial district and was represented by Thomas H. Owens. McDonough county itself constituted a representa tive district and was served in the tenth general assembly by William Edmons ton. This legislature convened at Van dalia, December 5, 1836 and adjourned the first session, March 6, 1837; a sec ond session met on the 10th of July, 1837, and adjourned, sine die, July 22, 1837. William Edmonston was a Ten nessean by birth and came to this county in 1829, from Indiana, In about 1840 he removed to the western part of Mis souri, where he died, during the rebel lion. Mr. Edmonston was at an early date, the commissioner appointed by the county to have charge of the sale of the lots in the town of Macomb. On the 3d of December, 1838, the eleventh general assembly met at Van dalia for the last time and continued in session until March 4, 1839. The sec ond session was convened at Spring field, December 9, 1839, and adjourned HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 271 February 3, 1840. IVfcDonough county, together with Hancock, was represented in the senate by Sydney H. Little, and still by itself, in the house by William Edmonston. Sidney H. Little was a resident of Carthage, and was after wards killed by a runaway horse. The twelfth general assembly met in regular session, at Springfield, on the 23d of November, 1840, and adjourned December 5, 1840. A second session met December 7, 1840, and continued until March 1, 1841. S. H. Little in the senate, ' still represented this district. William W. Bailey, a citizen of this county, was present as the delegate in the house. Col. William W. Bailey (deceased), was among the pioneers of this county- He was a son of William S. Bailey, a native of Virginia, who was born in Cul pepper county, in 1768, and who emi grated to Kentucky in 1816, where he continued to reside until his death,which occurred in Adair county, in 1829. The mother of the subject of this sketch was formerly Betsy Macky, daughter of John Macky, of Eockbridge county, Virginia. William W., was born in Breckenridge county, Virginia, November 25, 1796, and early in life removed with his par ents to Kentucky, and there January 19, 1819, was married to Elizabeth Wal ker, daughter of James Walker, of Adair county, Kentucky. He came to Mc Donough county in 1833, and settled in Macomb, which was always afterward his residence. Here he engaged in mer chandising, and his son George W., con tinues the business so early established, a history of which appears elsewhere in this work. This was among the pioneer stores of the place, as well as this part of the state, and the facilities for obtain ing goods at that day, would now be con sidered insurmountable by the mer chants who have their goods brought to their very doors with little trouble or expense. Then Mr. Bailey bought goods in Baltimore, which were transported across the mountains to Wheeling, in wagons. He continued in the mercan tile business until 1862, when he retired with a life competence. He was twice married. His second wife was Hannah A. Deane, to whqm he was married May 5, 1864. She was a daughter of Philip Deane, of Hillingly, Connecticut. Of Mr. Bailey's family, James W., resides in Missouri, and William S. and George W., are in business in Macomb; Joseph A., died in New York city, in 1854; Samuel E., died in this county in 1852; Henry, a member of the 16th Illinois infantry, died March 16, 1862, from ex posure in camp; Mary, wife of D. G. Tunnicliff, died April 21, 1865. As early as the spring of 1818, Mr. Bailey was elected captain of militia, and was subsequently advanced to the rank of major, lieutenant-colonel and colonel. He was a worthy gentleman, and a prominent business man, was quite active in all matters of public "interest, and popular among the people. He was called upon to fill the office of county commissioner for two years, and in 1840j represented this county in the state legis lature. On the 5th of December, 1842, at Springfield, the 13th general assembly was convened, and Hugh Ervin repre sented the county in the house. A new apportionment had been made in 272 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. February, 1841, and there seems to have been no senator upon the rolls credited to this county, or rather to the district in which this county was included. Hugh Ervin came to this county in April, 1836, from Sangamon county. He is a native of Augusta county, Virginia, born August 13, 1810. His life was mostly spent upon a farm until Novem ber 11, 1834, at which time he was mar ried to Sarah E. Black, also a native of Virginia. Soon after marriage he went to Sangamon county, Illinois, remained a short time, then came here as before stated. He first rented land, but subse quently purchased a f arm,upon which he lived until the spring of 1848, when he removed to Macomb, and engaged in general merchandizing until 1861. In July of that year, he enlisted in the 28th Illinois volunteer infantry, and re ceived the appointment of quartermas ter, and remained in the service until February, 1862. He then returned to Macomb, and at this time ( 1885 ) resides with his daughter, Mrs. Wilson. The 14th. general assembly convened at Springfield December 2, 1844, and ad journed March 3, 1845. The district composed of the counties of McDon ough, Warren and Henderson was rep resented in the senate by William McMillan, and in the house William H. Eandolph served the people of McDon ough county as representative. At the election held in 1844, William H. Eandolph was chosen to represent this district in the lower house of the general assembly, and was re-elected to the same in 1846. He was born in War ren county, Ohio, August 20, 1813, near the village of Lebanon. He was the son of David -and Eebecca (Sutphen) Ean dolph, who were natives of New Jersey, but who removed from the state of their nativity to Kentucky, where they re mained but a short time, when the mi grated to Ohio. The early years of his life were spent with his parents on a farm, and in atten dance on the common schools of the neighborhood. When 16 or 17 years of age he went to learn the trade of a fuller or manufacturer of woolen goods, con tinuing with the firm until he reached his majority, when he determined to seek other and greater fields of labor, and came to Eushville, Schuyler county, in this state, where he remained for a few months, and from thence came to Macomb, in this county, where he resid ed until the day of his death. His par ents desired that he should pre pare himself for one of the learned professions, for that purpose having him take a regular collegiate course, but William thought a trade preferable, and therefore learned one, as stated. When he arrived in Macomb he had between $300 and $400, which he invested in a small stock of groceries. Continuing in that branch of business until elected to the office of sheriff of the county, in 1838, to which office he was twice re-elected — in 1840 and 1842. In 1844 he was elected as a member of the house of representative of the Illi nois legislature, and re-elected in 1846. In 1848 he was elected to the office of circuit clerk of the county and re-elected in 1852, serving until 1856. Thus for eighteen years without intermission he held public offices in the county, on each occasion of his election running ahead HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 273 of his ticket, being always popular with the people. He was never beaten for office. In 1854, ill company with Joseph M. Parkinson, Joseph W. Blount and M. T. Winslow, he opened the first banking house in McDonough county. For two years, or over, this institution prospered greatly, but in an evil hour the company was persuaded into an arrangement with T. L. McCoy,of Galesburg,by which they invested some $20,000 in the Nehama Valley bank,issuing a certain per cent, of the amount in notes, for which part only they were to be held responsible, the ar rangement being that any banking in stitution investing in the enterprise should be compelled to redeem only its own issue; but a further arrangement was made with the different parties that all notes presented at either of their banking houses, whether of the series issued by themselves or not, might be redeemed and sent to their respective banks for final redemption. When the crash came in 1858, when the Nemaha Valley. bank bubble burst, Messrs. Ean dolph & Company redeemed their whole issue, and over $5,000 of the notes of other parties, for which they never ob tained value received. This firm would not suspend until they found it was ut terly impossible ever to recover from the other parties, and then, and not till then, did Ihey close their doors. The loss of Mr. Eandolph alone, by reason of the failure of others to make good their promises, was over $100,000. To his honor be it said, not a man ever lost a dollar by him. He did not compromise with his creditors for a few cents on the dollar, and then open out in grander style than ever, but continued, as fast as it was possible, to pay off his indebted ness, and when death called him away, he was almost clear before the world. One year more would probably have placed him in the same position he oc cupied before the crash came. Mr. Eandolph was a man of great public spirit, and his means were used not only to increase his own wealth, but for the public good. In 1856 he began the erection of the well known Eandolph hotel, and finished it in the following year. This stands to-day a monument of the public enterprise of the man. As a pecuniary investment it never paid, but stands an honor to the city, and a free will offering to the pride of the people. During the year in which the erec tion of the hotel was began, he laid off for a public cemetery a tract of land just north of the city, comprising eleven acres, which he christened Oakwood cemetery. For years the town had felt the want for a suitable place for the burial of the dead. The old cemetery, west of town, was too small and very in convenient to the citizens of the place, and with his accustomed liberality and public spirit, Mr. Eandolph selected the prettiest and most eligible spot adjoin ing the town for this "City of the Dead." On the 26tli day of January, 1837, he led to the marriage altar Matilda Jane Brooking, daughter of the well-known old pioneer, Thoinas Brooking, with whom he happily lived until the day of his death. No children ever blessed their union. In 1853, Mr. Eandolph engaged in the real estate business, in company with J. 274 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. M. Parkinson, under the firm name of Eandolph, Parkinson & Co., continuing the same until November 3, 1856, when the firm disposed of their interests to McLean, Eandolph & Co. The opera tions of this company were confined to the region known as the Military Tract, comprising some 16 counties, lying be tween the Illinois and Mississippi rivers, and, for a time, were very extensive. Several very fortunate ventures were made, in which were realized a hand some sum of money, adding materially to the wealth of Mr. Eandolph. Having an extensive acquaintance throughout the section, and knowing well the geog raphy and topography of the country, he was always qualified to judge of the amount of risk that could be taken. In this work he unearthed several huge frauds that had been perpetrated upon the people, and restored to the proper persons their rights. In 1858 he took charge of the Ean dolph hotel, having failed in securing a suitable tenant, and continued in charge until the day of his death, although the duties of a landlord were rather oner ous, on account of the vast amount of other business to which it was necessary that he should give his personal atten tion. In politics Mr. Eandolph was always radical. No one ever doubted his posi tion upon any of the great questions of the day. In early life he affiliated with the whig party, and the measures of that party received his undivided support. As a whig he was elected to the various county offices which he held. On the organization of the republican party, in 1854, he at once embraced the principles proclaimed by its leaders. "Free press, free speech and freedom" had ever been with him a leading thought, and he en tered heartily and zealously into the work of moulding public opinion for the adoption of the new principles. His business affairs on the organiza tion of the party were such as to pre vent him from taking the more active part to which his ardent nature prompt ed him, but notwithstanding, the success obtained in after years was greatly the result of his labors. In the presidential campaign of 1856, notwithstanding his party was greatly in the minority, he labored hard, and in 1860, when Abraham Lincoln was at the head of the ticket, when victory was as sured from the division in the ranks of the opposition,he ceased not to labor un til the announcement was made that the favorite son of Illinois should be the nation's chief for the term of four years. When the southern states rebelled, and the call to arms was made by the president, the private business of Mr. Eandolph was such he could not, without too great personal sacrifice, go forth to the tented field, as he in his heart desii'ed; but no man labored more to secure en listments; none, of their private means, expended more to further the cause than he. The soldier going to or from the field was ever a welcome guest at his house, and if they were possessed of no means to pay their bills, it mattered not. Whole companies were at times lodged and fed by him without a cfat being paid. On the 15th day of June, 1863, without solicitation or previous notification, he received the appointment of deputy pro- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 275 vost marshal for the district of McDon ough county, and on the 28th of Septem ber, 1864, he was re-appointed. His friends all advised him not to accept the appointment, as the duties required were dangerous to perform, and there being those in the county who were his deadly and sworn enemies, they might seek a pretext to take his life. The very rea sons urged for non-acceptance were such as to determine him not to decline the appointment; he would do nothing that would show even a semblance of fear. It was his desire to serve his government, and he believed it was his duty to do so, and the opportunity was here offered; the duties were such as to require a man of nerve, and he would not flinch. His first duty was to make an enrollment of the militia, reporting the names to the provost marshal at Mt. Sterling. At this time McDonough county was short in the quota, and a draft was ordered; and upon a certain day the number deficient was drawn, and among the number was one John Bond, of Hire township. Mr. Eandolph at once notified him of the draft, and ordered him to report at Mt. Sterling, which not being done, he pro ceeded to Blandinsville for the purpose of arresting him. Here the, two met; a few words passed between them; Bond endeavored to escape, when Mr. E., plac ing his hand upon his shoulder, told him he was his prisoner. Bond then drew a revolver, and, retreating a pace or two, fired at Eandolph and then fled, followed by Mr. E., who returned the fire. Dur ing the firing of the first shots they were in the hall of the hotel, from which emerging, several more shots were ex changed, two of them taking effect upon Mr. Eandolph, mortally wounding him, and causing death within 24 hours. Everything that could be done by tbe best medical talent in the county was done to save his life, but without avail; and thus passed from earth one of Mc Donough county's most honored sons. Mrs. Eandolph was born in Logan county, Kentucky, in 1819, and, with her parents, came to McDonough county, where she was afterward married to W. H. Eandolph, now deceased. She is now the owner of the Eandolph House, as also of a store building, livery barn, and her present commodious dwelling. The 15th general assembly met at Springfield December 7, 1846, and ad journed March 1, 1847. William Mc Millan continued to serve this district in the senate. In the house, William H. Eandolph, returned by a grateful con stituency, represented McDonough county. Before another general assembly had met, the constitution of 1848 was adopted, and under it a new apportionment of the state was made, and McDonough county, together with those of Schuyler, Brown and Highland, were made the 16th sena torial district, while the county still con stituted a representative district. The 16th general, assembly convened at Springfield, January 1, 1849, and ad journed February 12, 1849; a second ses sion met October 22, 1849, and continued until November 7, 1849. This district was represented in the senate by John P. Eichmond, a citizen of Schuyler county, and McDonough county was represented in the house by Josiah Harrison. The representative district was numbered 38. The 17th general assembly met at 276 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Springfield, January 6, 1850, and ad journed February 17, 1851; a second ses sion convened June 7, 1852, and contin ued until June 23, 1852. The 16th sena torial district was represented by John P. Eichmond, a resident of Schuyler county. McDonough county, then con stituting the 38th representative district, was served by John Huston. John Huston was' born near Sparta, White county, Tennessee, May 17, 1808. His parents were Walter and Nancy (Bradshaw) Huston, the former being a Virginian by birth and the latter a Ken tuckian. Both were hard-working, in dustrious people, poor in this world's goods, and therefore the advantages af forded their children were but few to at tain anything like a fair education. John Huston had only a limited knowledge of his mother tongue, together with the sciences taught in the schools of the day, having the opportunity of attending only such schools as gave instruction in the simple rudiments of the language. Be fore reaching his majority, Mr. Huston led to the marriage altar Ann Melvin, with whom he happily lived until sep arated by death. They were inarried in his native county, on the second day of October, 1828, and twelve days thereaf ter the young couple, with all tljeir worldly goods, departed for the great West, intending to make Illinois, with its beautiful prairies and grand groves, their home for the future. On the eleventh day of November, 1828, they ar rived in Morgan county, where they re mained some sixteen months, when they came to this county, arriving here on the fourteenth day of March, 1830. When they arrived in the county, all they pos sessed of worldly property was one horse, an old-fashioned one-horse cart, a few household goods and fifty cents in money. Selecting their claim, a log house was erected, into which the family moved. There being no door cut, a log was re moved, and all crawled in. This was the beginning of their life in McDonough county. When Mr. Huston arrived in the county it was unorganized, and in the work of organization which occurred some months after, he bore an honorable part, and was appointed the first treas urer of the county, which office he held but a few months, the duties requiring his presence in Macomb, and therefore could not be attended to by him, without the loss of more time than he could spare from his private affairs. Other officers of minor importance were thrust upon him, which he filled to the satisfac tion of those by whom he was elected. He never sought office at any time in his life; his personal feelings requiring to be sacrificed in accepting public position, but in 1847, he received the nomination of his party for member of the consti tutional convention called for the pur pose of amending the constitution of the state, and was triumphantly elected. His services in that body were such as to se cure his nomination in 1850, for the of fice of representative in the general as sembly. Being elected thereto he served his time and again was re-nominated in 1852, but was defeated on local grounds. He was no orator, never having given any special attention to public speaking, the labors of life being in tilling the soil, and whatever talent he may have had for oratory was never cultivated. He was a man of but few words, but all HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 277 that were said were direct to the point, the meaning being plain and manifest to all. Common sense was characteristic of the man in all that he said or done. In politics he was a democrat of the Jackson school, but his politics never in terfered with the discharge of his duties as a public officer. When Mr. Huston settled on section 3 there were only about six or eight families in the neigh borhood, and probably not more than twenty-five in the whole county. The first winter passed in his new home was the one in which occurred the ever memorable and never tobe forgotten big snow, of which mention is frequently made in this work. The hardships en dured by the family were such as were common to all, serving to strengthen them for the trials that should come af ter. Mr. Huston was the father of eight children, seven boys and one girl, the latter being now the wife of Strawther Givens, of Abingdon, 111. Of the boys, it can be said, all now living occupy hon orable positions in society, two having been called to their reward. John Hus ton departed this life on the 8th day of July, 1854, being 46 years and two months old. His loss was deeply felt by friends throughout the whole state, and his memory is yet held in grateful remem brance, and will be while the life of those living who were intimate with him shall last. The 18th general assembly convened for its first session, January 3, 1853, and continued until February 14, of the same year; a second session met February 9, 1854, and adjourned March 4, 1854. J. M. Campbell, of McDonough county, was the senator from this district. Jamfls M. Eandolph was the repre sentative from the 38th district. Mr. Eandolph was the owner of the mill in Lamoine township, which he operated for years. A very active, enterprising man, to whose exertions a part of the credit of the location of the Northern Cross railroad through this county in due. In later years he removed to Car thage, Hancock county, where he died. James Morrison Campbell, the oldest settler in Macomb, still living there, is a native of Frankfort, Kentucky, and was born August 22, 1803. His parents were John E. and Margaret F. (Self) Camp bell. His grandfather, Eobert Camp bell, came to this country with his wife, Nancy Campbell, from Argyleshire, Scot land, in 1773, and when two years later, war with England commenced, he took up arms against the mother country. Eobert Campbell settled in Virginia, where both parents of James were born. They moved to Kentucky, about the be ginning of this century, and when the son was about four years old, the family moved from Frankfort to Mecklenburgh county, where they remained about two years. In 1809, John E. Campbell, who was a blacksmith by trade, came into this state and settled at Shawneetown, and while there in 1812 and two years subse quently, was a lieutenant of rangers, fighting against the Indians, whom the British had instigated to raise the war whoop. When peace was declared Lieu tenant Campbell did not return imme diately, and his wife supposing him to be dead, returned with her little family of three children to the old home in Frankfort. To her great joy her hus- 278 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. band soon joined her. The Frankfort seminary was then a popular institu tion, and in it James was kept for four years, under a first-class disciplinarian. Professor Keene O'Hara. In 1820, when only seventeen years old, Mr. Campbell was appointed deputy post master at Frankfort holding that posi tion between five and six years under James W. Hawkins. Eesigning his place in the post-office, our subject went to Lexington, and not long after ward received a mail bag with a suit pf clothes in it from his friend, the post master, Not being successful in finding a situation in Lexington, Mr. Campbell returned to Frankfort, and in the_ spring of 1828 went to Shelby county, Ken tucky. The next winter he started for Galena, Jo Daviess county, this state, but spent that winter at Nashville, Ten nessee, reaching the lead mines in Aug ust, 1829. His uncle, William Camp bell, was then the general agent of the government as receiver of the rents of the mines at Galena, and the nephew was with him a few months, and then went into the office of the circuit and county clerk, remaining in that situa tion until the spring of 1831. On the first day of April of that year, he reach ed Macomb, which then had a popula tion of four persons — Eev. John Baker, a Baptist minister, wife and two little daughters — Mr. Campbell swelling the population to five. Where the public square now stands, ornamented by a fine and substantial court house, the last year's grass aud rosin weeds were six feet high, and except the cabin of Mr. Baker there was not a building of any kind within nearly a mile of where Ma comb now stands. In 1831 there were not more than 80 voters in the county. Mr. Campbell came here with commis sions in his pocket from Judge Eichard M. Young, for clerk of the circuit court, and was appointed by governor John Eeynolds to the offices of judge of pro bate, county recorder, and notary pub lic, and was appointed clerk of the county commissioners' court by the county commissioners in 1831, but there was not much county business just then to be done, and he built a log-house on what is now Jefferson street, and opened the first store in McDonough county. He was also appointed the first post master of Macomb. He was also ap pointed the first notary public and the first judge of probate, but these two of fices he refused to accept. The offices of circuit and county clerk, recorder and post-master he held for 16 years, except one interim of three months in the post-office. Not long afterward he became clerk of the county commission er's court, and held that office 15 years. During the Black Hawk war (1832). Mr. Campbell was in Major Bogart's battalion, and served to the end, the pay being 86 cents a day, for himself and horse for 86 days. In 1846 he was ap pointed assistant commissary, and as signed to the third regiment, Illinois in fantry, but he did only three months service in the Mexican war. He was a member of the constitutional convention in 1847 ; was elected to \he state senate, in 1852, and was a member of the fin ance committee during the four years that he served in that body. Mr. Camp bell was originally a whig, but took ex ception to Mr. Clay's speech (1832) f^dJ^ 5:n6'liyE,DAA«ll,„,Ti,sBro.N.r HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 281 against the pre-emption of lands to act ual settlers, and has since voted with the democratic party, serving many years on the county and state central committees. He was a delegate to the national convention in 1856, when Mr. Buchanan was nominated, and again in 1860, when Mr. Douglas was nominated was a member of the national democra tic convention at Charleston, South Carolina, and at Baltimore, Maryland. Mr. Campbell has done a good deal of valuable work in the city council, and in the board of supervisors, and in many ways as is here seen, he has served his constituents, always with faithful ness and marked ability. A few months after coming to Ma comb, in August 1831, Mr. Campbell was married at St. Charles, Missouri, to Clarissa Hempstead, who died in 1842, leaving one son and four daughters, three of whom, the son and two daugh ters, are still living. In 1843 he was married to Mrs. Louisa F. Berry, a daughter of John Farwell and a sister of Captain G. L. Farwell, of Macomb, he having by her three sons and one daughter. Mr. Campbell's oldest daugh ter, Mary Eliza, was the first female child born in the city of Macomb. It was Mr. Campbell's pen which drew the original plat of the town, which was adopted by the county commissioners, and he named every street in the town. He is thoroughly identified with the his tory of this city and county. He built the first store, the first frame house, the first three school houses and the first public hall in Macomb; was the first post-master in the county; the first county clerk, recorder, and has been the first and foremost man in many im portant enterprises. Although more than 80 years old, his mind is clear, and he has a vivid recollection of early times and pioneer days in this county, and the historian has been able from him to obtain many facts of much im portance, no where else obtainable. McDonough county was extremely for tunate in her early history, in having such a man to plan and execute, whose ability was well known, and whose hon esty was unquestioned. He has witnes sed the development of this county from a state of natural wilderness, to a thrifty and well peopled land, and in its transfor mation he has contribijted more of time and brains, and money directly and in directly, than any other man, and can to day with a good degree of commendable pride, point to his record, and have the satisfaction which comes only from a life well spent, an honored name so fairly won. The 19th general assembly convened at the state capital January 1, 1855, and adjourned February 15, 1855. McDon ough county having been changed to a place in the tenth district, was repre sented in the senate by James M. Camp bell. Louis H. Waters represented the 32d district in the house. A sketch of the latter gentleman will be found in connection with the history of the bar of the county, a profession which he graced and ornamented. , On the 5th of January, 1857, the 20th general assembly of the state met at Springfield and continued in session un til February 19, 1857. William C. Gou dy, of Fulton, was the senator, and George Hire represented the county of 1 7 2S2 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. McDonough, then the thirty-second dis trict, in the house. George Hire came to McDonough county in 1851, his son Jesse having set tled here some four years previously. He never owned any real estate in the shape of farm land. Being a man of means, he lived on the interest of his money. He was born in West Virginia, but when quite young his parents, who were of German descent, removed to Ohio. He was, on attaining the age of manhood, united in wedlock with Cath erine Bryant, a native of Virginia, by whom he had five children ; Jesse, Mary A., Jefferson, Margaret and Elizabeth. He was a man of superior abilities and took a prominent part in the politics of this his adopted county, being one of the leaders of the democratic party in this locality. Hire township was named after him. The 21st general assembly convened at Springfield, January 3, 1859, and ad journed February 24, following. William C. Goudy was again in the senate from this district, and in the house the county was represented by William Berry. The lat ter named gentleman came to McDon ough county from Indiana, and resided at Macomb. The "colonel," as he was called, died at this place a few years ago, honored and respected by all. The first session of the 22d general assembly met at Springfield, January 7, 1861, and adjourned February 22, and a second session commenced April 23, 1861, and continued until May 3 of the same year. In the senate William Ber ry, of McDonough county, represented the district. In the house of represen tatives S."H. McCandless was the dep uty from this county, and filled the place with credit and honor to himself and friends. The 23d general assembly of Illinois convened at Springfield, January 5, 1863, and adjourned February 14, 1863, until June 2, 1863. On the latter date it again met, in pursuance to the adjournment, and was, on the 10th of June, prorogued by the governor until December 31, 1864, on which day it convened and ad journed. In this assembly McDonough, then a part of the 14th senatorial dis trict, was represented in the senate by William Berry, of this county. Lewis G. Eeid was the member of the house from this county. In mentioning the prominent men of McDonough county in this volume, we will not fail to speak of Lewis G. Eeid, attorney, who has served the people in an official capacity, a number of times, giving supreme satisfaction. He is a native Kentuckian, and was born in Mason county on the 16th day of April, 1813, his parents being Lewis E. and Elizabeth (Peyton) Eeid, both of whom were natives of Virginia state. Lewis G. was the eldest child of a family of seven children, and was reared and edu cated in his native county. In April, 1834, he started for the west, on horse back, and located in Sangamon county, Illinois, returning to his Kentucky home in the fall, and bringing his father's family to the home he had picked out for them. In 1838 he removed to Win nebago county, Illinois, and from there to Stephenson county, same state, three years later. In 1853 he returned to Kentucky and remained till 1858, at which time he removed to Lamoine HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 283 township, McDonough county, and loca ted on the northwest quarter of section 28, where he improved a farm, which he still owns. In 1869 he located on the northwest quarter of section 31, where he lived until October, 1882, when he re moved to Colchester, where he at pres ent resides. In 1862 Mr. Eeid was ad mitted to the McDonough county bar, but has never made a specialty of this profession. He was elected county super visor in 1860, and served as such for 21 years. He served the people of his dis trict as representative in the general as sembly one term, being elected in 1863. When the county court house was being built he served as superintendent of construction. The structure was finished in 1872, and gave entire satisfaction to the people of the county, thus speaking volumes for Mr. Eeid. At present he holds the position of notary public. His marriage with Sarah A. Moore, a native of Kentucky, was solemnized on Sunday, January 1, 1843. Her death occurred in the month of March, 1843. Two chil dren of that marriage are still living — Anna C. and Louis N. Mr. Eeid was again married, in September, 1857, to Mrs. Cyrena Tristo, a widow. Three children by this union are still living — Lucien, Edward and Harry L. — but Mrs. Eeid died in 1865. Lewis G. Eeid and Lucy Tandy were married on the 29th day of January, 1879. Mrs. Eeid is a native of the state of Kentucky, but was re.T,red in Missouri, On January 2, 1865, the 24th general assembly met in regular session, at Springfield, and adjourned the 16th of February following. The 14th district was represented in the senate by James Strain, a resident of Monmouth, Warren county. This district consisted of the counties of McDonough, Henderson, Mercer and Warren, The 29th repre sentative district, comprising the county of McDonough, was represented by Wil liam H. Neece, of Macomb. A sketch of the latter named gentleman can be found in connection with the record of congressmen. The 25th general assembly held three sessions, the first commencing January 7, 1867, which adjourned February 28; the second convened June 11, and ad journed June 13; and the third com menced June 14, and adjourned June 28, 1867. In the senate, James Strain con tinued to represent this district, and in the house, Amaziah Hanson was the member from McDonough county. Samuel Hanson, grandfather of Ama ziah Hanson, one of Mound township's leading citizens, was reared on the east ern shore of Maryland. He removed from there to Mason county, Kentucky, where James, father of Amaziah, 'was born November 17, 1799. Samuel re moved to Eoss county, Ohio, when James was but nine months old. In that county Samuel lived the remainder of his days, dying in February,. 1832, aged 82 years. James was married in Eoss county, Ohio, to Elizabeth Mackey. She was a native of Centre county, Pennsylvania, born in 1803, and daughter of James W. and Hannah (Powell) Mackey. She re moved to Eoss county, Ohio, with her father in 1820, and was there married. There their son Amaziah, the subject of this sketch, was born, on the 25th day of April, 1825. He was reared there, and was married May 10, 1855, to Keturah 284 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Clark. While on a visit to her sister, in Missouri, she died, August 26, 1858, Mr. Hanson arriving in time to witness her death. Her remains were interred at Chillicothe, Ohio. Mr. Hanson was inarried again near Circleville, Ohio, on the 17th of September, 1861, to Eliza Fryback. The fall previous Mr. Hanson had come out to this county and pur chased land on section 10, New Salem township. On the day they were mar ried he started with his wife for this county. They decided not to locate per manently on the farm just then, and coming to Macomb they lived there until March, 1862, when they removed to the farm. In Deceniber, 1874, Mr. Hanson went with his family to Bates county, Missouri, where he lived until October, 1877, when he returned to McDonough county and located on his present farm, which is on the southeast quarter of sec tion 30, Mound township. The names of Mr. Hanson's children, ' who are all . the issue of his second marriage, are as follows: Emerson, born December 12, 1864; Ealph, born December 2, 1866; Grier, born June 24, 1870; Myra, born October 24, 1873; Lettie, born in Mis- ¦ souri, February 14, 1875, died August 27, 1875; Ivan Mackey, born September 9, 1876, in Missouri; Edmund, born August 15, 1879; Katie, born December 5, 1881 ; and Anna Marie, born August 2, 1883. In 1866 Mr. Hanson was elected representative of this county in the house of representatives, and attended the ses sion of' 1867. It was in this year that the 14th amendment to the constitution was ratified, Mr. Hanson recording him self in favor of it. He also helped elect Lyman Trumbull to the United States senate. He studied law in Ohio, and was admitted to the bar in June, 1852, at Delaware, Ohio. He practiced his pro fession at Chillicothe, and was elected clerk of the court there two terms. In 1867 he received a license from the su preme court of Illinois to practice law in this state, but has never followed the legal profession since coming to Illinois. He was twice elected justice of the peace in New Salem township; he has served as school treasurer, and is now holding that positioii in Mound tovniship. In religious matters he is also prominent. He is a member of the Methodist Epis copal church at Bardolph. He was three times lay delegate to the Central Illinois conference, and is now president of the county Sunday school convention. So it will be seen that Mr. Hanson's life has been one of action and usefulness. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and has been twice a representative to the grand lodge. His two oldest sons are teachers in the county. When Mr. Hanson was a young man he taught s.chool six years, and fol lowed this vocation while studying law. He is a man highly respected, and enjoys a large and wide acquaintance among the people of McDonough county. The 26th general assembly, which con vened at Springfield the 4tli of January, 1869, contained as the representative of this district Isaac McManus, of Keiths- burg, Mercer county, in the senate, and Humphrey Horrabin, of Blandinsville, in the house. The assembly adjourned April 20, 1869. Humphrey Horrabin was born in Al lerton, near Liverpool, England, on the 15tli of December, 1817. His parents, HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 285 James and Frances (Sharpless) Horra bin, were poor in this world's goods, and gave him the opportunity to attend the subscription school of his native country only a few nionths. But he was in structed well in the doctrines of the church, its discipline, etc. In 1829, when 13 years of age, he was bound an apprentice to learn the trade of shoe maker, the time of his service to be seven years. Completing the required time as an apprentice, he continued at the trade as a journeyinan until his re moval to this country, and for 10 years thereafter. On the 3d day of October, 1836, he was married to Elizabeth Smalley, of England, by whom he had six children, only one of whom is now living. Mrs. Horrabin died at her home near Blandinsville, on the 25th of July, 1870, in the full assurance of faith, hav ing been a servant of Christ for many years as a zealous member of the Method ist Episcopal church. After working at his trade in the old country for 18 years, Mr. Horrabin was forced to the conclus ion that no opportunity was offered there, even to the most industrious, for any very rapid advancement, and turn ing his' eyes toward the new world, he determined on emigrating and endeav oring to build up a name and home for himself and family. In the spring of 1847 he sailed for America, and on the 1st of May arrived in New Orleans, from which place he proceeded to Lew istown, Fulton county, Illinois". Here he engaged as a journeyman, and as such worked for some months. In com ing to this country he had not the means to bring his family, therefore it was his first thought to accumulate sufficient money to send for them. In order to do this, he thought best to only draw so much of his wages per week as would be necessary for his individual wants, and leave the balance until if should be suf ficient for his purpose. When the sum had reached $200, he concluded to draw it, but on calling for it, he was informed by the firm that they could not pay, as they were bankrupt. This was a sad blow to him. After working hard for months, and stinting himself in the en joyments of the many comforts of this life, to be deprived of all his hard earn ings and the privilege of again behold ing his family for many months. He was now thrown out of employment, but right here, some of the prominent citi zens of the place came to his assistance, purchasing for him a stock of leather, tools, etc., and giving him his own time to pay for them. He was thus enabled to go on, and soon had the satisfaction of gathering around him his loved family. Mr. Horrabin remained in Lewistown five years, when, thinking to better him self, he purchased of Charles Chandler, of Macomb, the southeast quarter of sec tion 14, Blandinsville township, where he yet resides. He paid for the quarter $300, and has since repeatedly refused $10,000 for it. Without any previous experience in farm life he began its im provement, ahd now has one of the best farms in the county. In 1859, becoming somewhat pressed financially by the fail ure of many of the banks of the country, and in order to relieve himself the more speedily, he rented his farm, and mov ing into Tennessee, this county, he again returned to his trade which he continued for five years, at the expiration of which 286 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. time he returned to the farm. In the county convention in 1868, he received the nomination for representative to the general assembly, to which position he was triumphantly elected, and where he served with honor to himself and con stituents. Mr. Horrabin' s mother died in England, December 31, 1876, and was buried in St. Michael's churchyard, Garston. Mr. Horrabin, although a poor man when he landed in this country, has succeeded, by energy, thrift and ability, in amassing a fine competence and is noted among the foremost citizens of the county. In 1872, he paid a visit to his native land, and while there was united in marriage with Mary Ockle- shaw, the daughter of James and Jane (Branhill) Ockleshaw, of Lancashire, England. They are the happy parents of one child, a boy, whose name is Hum phrey James. He is a bright and indus trious boy, and at school is noted for his assiduity in study. The first regular session of the 27th general assembly began on the 4th of January, 1871, and on the 17th of April following it was adjourned until Novem ber 15,1871. A special session commenced May 4, 1871, and lasted until June 22, and a second special session met October 13, and adjourned October 24. It again met in regular adjourned session November 15, 1871, and on the 9th of April, 1872, •adjourned sine die. This was the first assembly under the constitution of 1870. This lustrum ent made the senate to con sist of 50 senators, and the house of 175 representatives. McDonough county, as sociated with those of Henderson, Mercer and Warren made up the 14th senatorial district. In the house, the minority representation system having been adopted in the constitution, by which three members from each district were entitled to seats, the county of McDon ough, now the 59th district, was repre sented by two gentlemen, William H. Neece and James Manly, both of Macomb. B. E. Hampton, of Macomb, McDonough county, and Harvey S. Senter, of Aledo, Mercer county, were the senators. A sketch of Mr. Hamp ton may be found in the chapter on the press of the county. James Manly, a representative man of Macomb city, is a native of Ohio, and was born January 29, 1813. His par ents were of Irish, Dutch and Scotch extraction, and native Pennsylvanians, his father having been born in York county, and his mother in Washington county. His father emigrated to Ohio, in 1804. In 1843 he came to Fulton county, where he improved a fine farm and made that his home until 1856, when he came to Mound township, took up government land on section 22, 320 acres. He was at that time in limited circum stances, and could not for some time make much improvement on this land. He traded in lands to a considerable ex tent, owning at one time 500 acres. He succeeded at length in improving a place which made a beautiful home. In 1862 he rented his farm and moved to Bush nell. In 1872 he removed to Macomb, where he now has a pleasant home. Meanwhile in 1860, March 3, he was married to Mrs. Elizabeth Prentiss, who was a native of Pennsylvania, and of Scotch descent. She came to Schuyler county, in 1841, and in Vermont, Mr. Manly formed her acquaintance. Her HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 287 former husband, ^\'illiam Prentiss,was a physician, and her only child living, is William Prentiss, of Macomb, a distin guished lawyer and a popular gentle man. Mr. Manly has been in public life to a considerable extent, having been on the board of supervisors in Fulton county, and in this county. His effi ciency as a public servant, and popu larity as a citizen, was well attested in his election to the state legislature in 1870, where he remained two years, and served with honor to himself and satis faction to his constituency. Politically he may be called a greenbacker, with radical temperance ideas. Mr. and Mrs. Manly are both active christian people, and she is an indefatigable worker in the Woman's Christian Temperance Union.' The 28th general assembly convened at Springfield, January 8, 1873; ad journed May 6, 1873, until January 4, 1874; and met in adjourned session on the latter date and continued until March 31, 1874, when it adjourned sine die. The senatorial districts had been changed according to the act of March 1, 1872, previous to the meeting of this assembly, and Warren and McDonough counties were associated together as the 23d senatorial district and was repre sented by B. E. Hampton, of Macomb. In the house, the 23d district, composed of the counties of Warren and McDon ough, was represented by William A. Grant, of Monmouth, Warren county; John E. Jackson, of Colchester, and E. K. Westfall, of Bushnell, in this county. J. E. Jackson was for many years one of the enterprising agriculturalists of this county, but having a strong bias toward the profession of law, practiced some in Colchester, where he resided, and where he died. E. K. Westfall, M. D., the pres ent postmaster of Bushnell, is a native of Thornton, Boone county, Indiana, having been born there on the 8th of January, 1839. He is a son of Cornelius and Sarah (Davis) Westfall, the former of whom Avas a native of Eandolph county, Virginia, and the latter of Tren ton, New Jersey. Cornelius Westfall was born in a fort, where the town of Beverly, Virginia now stands. When 21 years of age, he went to "Elizabeth- town, Hardin county, Kentucky. Later he went to Ohio, where he taught the first school opened in Dayton. ' From there he removed to Troy, Ohio, which town he surveyed, and at one time held all of the county offices, and was circuit clerk for 24 years. In 1835 he removed to Indiana, and, in the spring of 1864, to McDonough county, Illinois, locating at Macomb for a few months, then moving onto a farm about five miles northeast of that city, where he died in 1855. Dr. Westfall followed farming and school- teaching until April, 1861; where he en listed in company B, 16th Illinois vol unteers, and was mustered into the ser vice of the United States as orderly ser geant, on the 24th of May. October 1, 1861, he was promoted second lieuten ant, and April 7, 1862, commissioned first lieutenant, which position he held juntil the fall of that year, when he was discharged on account of disability, which disabled him for some eighteen months after his discharge. He had commenced the study of medicine under his brother. Dr. B. E. Westfall, of Ma comb, in 1859, and resumed the same af- 288 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. ter his term of service. In 1865-66 he attended the Hahneman medical college of Chicago, and in the spring of 1867, opened an office in Bushnell, where he has since continued to reside. He has built up a large and lucrative practice, and as a physician is possessed of much skill and good judgement in the discern ment and treatment of diseases. The doctor is a public spirited gentleman, and takes especial pride in whatever tends to promote the interests of his city and county. He has served Bush nell as a supervisor and as a member of the city council. In 1872 and 1876, he represented McDonough county in the house of representatives, and was an acknowledged "working member," doing much good in the committee rooms. He was lieutenant colonel of the 7th regi ment, which he took an active part in or ganizing, but has since resigned. Dr. E. K. Westfall and Emma Curl were married in December, 1871, and her death occurred in October, 1872. The doctor was again married in 1878, to Irene Wann, a native of Pennsylvania. Their union has been blessed with two children— Mary H. and Clara E. The doctor is a member of the Knights of Pythias, the Knights of Honor, and the Grand Army of the Eepublic. He is the representative of Bushnell post, G. A. E., to the grand encampment, and is also the commander of the uniformed rank of the Knights of Pythias. The 29th general assembly was con vened at Springfield, January 6, 1875, and adjourned April 15, the same year. John T. Morgan, of Monmouth, Warren county, was the senator from this dis trict. In the house, the interests of this and the adjoining county of Warren, constituting the 23d district, was in the hands of Isaac L. Christie and C. W. Boydston, of Warren count}', and A. W. King, of Macomb, McDonough county. . The 30th general assembly met in reg ular session at Springfield, January 3, 1877, and adjourned May 24 following. John T. Morgan was still in the senate. In the house C. W. Boydston, of Warren county, E. K. Westfall, of Bushnell, and Charles H. Whitaker, of Macomb, McDonough county, represented this district. Mr. Westfall has been men tioned previously, and a sketch in full detail in regard to Charles H. Whita ker, will be found by the reader in the chapter in relation to the press of McDonough county. The 31st general assembly convened at the state capital, January 8, 1879, and continued in session until May 31, fol lowing, when it adjourned. William H. Neece, the present member of congress, represented the district in the senate, and Henry M. Lewis and Edwin W. Al len, both of Warren county, and Henry Black, of McDonough county, were the members from this, the 23d district. The 32d general assembly convened at Springfield in January, 1881, and the district was represented in the house by William C. McLeod and Simeon B. Davis, of this county, and Daniel D. Perry, of Warren county. AVilUiam H. Neece was still the senator. William C. McLeod, while not an early settler of the county, has been called on to fill so many offices of profit and trust in this county since his residence here, that he may be properly classed among its foremost people. He was born near HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 289 New Town, Frederick county, Virginia, March 25, 1825, and is the the son of John B. and Ann S. (Carson) McLeod, both natives of that same county. The elder McLeod was a practicing physi cian, who for 30 years followed his pro fession in and around New Town. He was a man of considerable ability, and served his county in the legislature of his native state for two years. He died in McDonough county, in 1865, while on a visit to his son William. Dr. McLeod lived upon a farm adjoining the village of New Town, and here the subject of this sketch passed his early life. Until 18 years of age he passed his time in working upon the farm and in attending the select school of the village, where he made rapid progress in securing an edu cation. When he reached the above mentioned age, he engaged with a firm in New Town to learn the trade of carpenter, choosing this rather than the profession that his parents desired him to study. At this trade he labored for eleven years, becoming quite proficient in all its branches." In 1850 Mr. McLeod left his native state', and for several years resided in Palmyra, Missouri. Here he continued to follow his trade, and for a time, in company with a Mr. Phelps, under the firm name of Phelps & McLeod, carried on the business of lumber dealers in addition to contracting and building. Many of the public and private buildings of Palmyra were erected under his supervision. In 1858 Mr. McLeod received the appointment from the governor to superintend the enlarge ment of the state penitentiary at Jeffer son City, Missouri, and while attending to the work, he received 'vt'ord of the sudden and dangerous illness of his wife, who was then on a visit to relatives in this county. Leaving the work in charge of another, he hastened to the bedside of his wife, expecting to return as soon as possible to finish his contract, but circumstances conspired to prevent this, and compelling him to resign the position. Some years previous to this, he had visited this county, and was im pressed with the fertility of its soil and the natural advantages which it enjoyed. He now determined on locating here and making this his future home. That de cision he has never since regretted. He came to McDonough county in October, 1858, and settled upon section 14, Em met township, where he has since con tinued to reside. Mr. McLeod has been twice married; first to Mary W. Miller, daughter of Eobert P. Miller, one of the pioneers of old McDonough county ; sec ond to Martha E. Simpson, of Warren county, Virginia. Eight children were the result of the first union, five girls and three boys, four of whom yet live, the rest, with the mother, having crossed over the river. Mrs. McLeod died iu' May, 1865. The second marriage of Mr. McLeod occurred October 5, 1868. They have had two children, one living. While a citizen of Palmyra, Mr. McLeod held the offices of constable and city marshal some years. Since coming to McDon ough county, he has held the offices of town clerk, collector and treasurer, and for 17 years was a member of the board of supervisors, a great part of the time chairman of the board. In the dis charge of his official duties he brought to bear upon his labors a zeal which, united with a determined will, enabled 290 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. him to accomplish a great amount of work. No man that has ever lived in the county, took more interest in its affairs, or devoted more time to its im provement. By the board of supervi sors he was appointed to superintend the erection, of the new jail building for the county, a work which he discharged to the satisfaction not only of that body, but the people at large. In 1885, Mr. McLeod removed from this county, going back to his native state, Virginia. In politics Mr. McLeod has always been a consistent democrat, the principles of that party being dear to his heart. As a democrat he has always been elected to office, and no man labors more zeal ously for the success of the general and local tickets of the party. Simeon B. Davis, one of McDonough county's most enterprising men, and at this time a resident of Hire township, was born in Ashland county, Ohio, De cember 7, 1836, a son of Amos and Nancy (Crawford) Davis. The former was born in 1800 and died in 1848, the latter born August 25, 1807, and died August 14, 1884. While a boy in Ohio Mr. Davis learned the boot and shoe busi ness, and when he came to McDonough county he settled in Macomb and pur sued the same vocation for two years, when he located in Sciota township on a farm, where he followed farming and teaching school for about ten years. The year 1864 dates his first purchase of land, eighty acres on section 17, being the east half of the northeast quarter, on which he lived about three and a half years, when he removed to Blandinsville township, and remained for nearly two years, making the date of his removal to his present home in 1869. The place consists of the northwest quarter of 12 and east one-half of northeast quarter of section 11. This farm has all been brought under a state of cultivation by Mr. Davis, and is one of the best farms in the township. His occupation has been farming, buying, feeding and ship ping stock. At present he is endeavor ing to improve somewhat on the Clydes dale horses. Having a good line of brood mares, and some good three-quarter blood horses, this branch of industry will receive his attention more fully in the future. Mr. Davis was educated in Ohio, and was a very successful teacher for a long time : The advantages were few at that time, and he was compelled to study at home. Indeed, most of his education was obtained by his own exertions, studying out the most difficult problems, and mastering language in a great degree. He has been an extensive reader, and keeps his mind well stored with facts which are essential to a useful life. He has been twice honored with a seat in assembly, being elected in 1881 as a representative to the state legislature, which position he filled with credit to himself and constituents during the ses sions of 1881 and 1882. He is a strong republican, and works earnestly in the cause, stumping the county for the last two elections for president, and doing effective work, and is one of the most popular speakers in the county, and be ing in the prime of life, years of useful ness await him. His work in the Sun day schools of Hire township has been of great good, and under that head will be found a recapitulation of the work done. His marriage occurred September HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 291 ' 27, 1860, when Artemisa Stambaugh, daughter of Eev. Adam Stambaugh, be came his wife. She is a native of Fulton county, Illinois, but was reared in Schuy ler county. Nine children were born to them, eight of whom are living; Emma and Eva, the first, were twins, the former the wife of John Delbridge, living in Kansas, the latter the wife of David Eush, of the same state; Margaret N., wife of E. T. Dunn, of Macomb, marble dealer; Elsy A., Stewart A., Alice D., Louie May, James E., and Stella, de ceased. Mr. and Mrs. Davis are mem bers of the M. E. church. The 33d general assembly convened January 3, 1883, at Springfield, and re mained in session until June 18, follow ing. This district was represented by I. N. Pearson, of McDonough, and I. L. Pratt and C. M. Eogers, of Warren coun ties. Henry Tubbs was the senator. Isaac N. Pearson was born in Center viHe, Butler county, Pennsylvania, on on the 27th of July, 1842. His parents were Isaac S. and Lydia (Painter) Pearson, both natives of Pennsylvania. His father was for many years engaged in the mercantile business and served in the legislature of his native state. In 1846, after bidding his family good bye, he departed for Philadelphia to purchase goods. While there he was taken sick with the fever, from which he never recovered, and died in that city, far from home and kindred, none of the family being permitted ever to see his face again. He was buried in that city by the society of Friends, or Quakers, as they are often called, he being con nected with that congregation by birth. The widow, with her family, shortly her husband's death, went to New Cas tle, Lawrence county, which place she made her home until the year 1849, when she removed to Hancock county, this state, settling near the town of La Harpe, where she resided until her re moval to Macomb in 1858. In this lat ter place she resided until her death, which occurred on the 3d day of March, 1872, being at the time 66 years of age, departing this life on the anniversary of her birth. Isaac was the youngest of seven children and passed the first eight years of his life in a town and the next eight upon a farm. The only edu cational advantages enjoyed by him were in the common schools and two years attendance in the select school of Prof. J. W. Mathews, in Macomb, in the years of 1856 and 1857. In 1861 he entered the office of J. B. Cummings, circuit clerk of the county, serving as recorder until he became of age, when he re ceived the appointment from Mr. Cum mings as deputy circuit clerk, which po sition he filled acceptably until the ex piration of Mr. Cumming's term of office. In the spring of 1865 he went to Bushnell to take a position in the bank ing house of Chandler & Cummings, with whom he remained until the fall of 1868, when he again received the ap pointment of deputy circuit clerk, this time from B. F. Pinkley, then elected to the office of circuit clerk of the county. This position he retained for the four years' term of Captain Pinkley, giving such satisfaction to the people that in 1872 he received the unanifaous nomi nation by his party for the same office. Notwithstanding some opposition to him on account of his being a young man, 292 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. he was" triumphantly elected, receiving a greater majority than any man on the ticket. In 1876 he was renominated by acclamation, and again elected by a ma jority greater than any other, having 300 votes ahead of his ticket, thus proving that the people believed it no crime to be a young man, and that faithful service should be rewarded. 'The popularity of Mr. Pearson with the people is great in deed, but easily accounted for. He is always pleasant and accommodating to all ; every visitor to his office, whether on business or not, was treated in a gentle manly manner; his own private business or the duties of the public oflice which he held, he never neglected. Mr. Pear son is a thorough and consistent repub lican, the principles of that party being "bred inthe bone;" he never allowed his love of party to deter him from duty as a public officer. In June, 1880, he was elected cashier of the Union National bank, which position he held until Jan uary, 1882, when he resigned to fill the place in the general assembly, to which he had been elected, and served one term in the house. On his resignation of the office of cashier in the bank, he was elected vice president, a position which he still honors. Mr. Pearson deals, somewhat, in real estate, and be sides city property owns a raost excel lent farm of 135 acres of land. He is a member of the Ancient Order of Uni ted Workmen, Knights of Pythias, An cient Free and Accepted Masons, having reached the Knights Templar degree, and of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and having passed all the chairs in the lodge and encampment, has rep resented the lodge in the grand lodge. The 34th general assembly of the state of lUjnois met at the state capitol, in Springfield, January 7, 1885, and are at this writing still in session. The rep resentatives from this district in the lower house, are W. H. McCord and W. H. Weir, of McDonough, and C. M. Eogers, of Warren. The senator is the same as in the last assembly. William H. Weir, M. D., one of the present members of the state legisla ture, is a native of Washington county, Pennsylvania, born February 13, 1825. His parents were also natives of that state. In the year 1850, William H. Weir entered Eush medical college, at Chicago, of which institution he is a graduate. He was united in marriage, January 29, 1857, with Ellen E. Purcell, a native of Knoxville, Knox county, Il linois, whose parents were natives, re spectively, of Kentucky and Ohio. Doctor and Mrs. Weir have had seven children born to them — Samuel G., who died June 19, 1858; Margaretta, who died December 18, 1859; Permelia E., wife of William H. Neece; Luella M., who is now engaged in teaching school; Mary G, Nina and Anna, living at home with their parents. Doctor Weir came to Colchester, McDonough county, in 1866, and since then has made this his home. He is engaged in the practice of his profession, and in con nection carries on the drug business. He has gained the reputation of possess ing much skill as a physician, and enjoys an extensive and remunerative practice. The position which he at present holds as representative from this district, is an evidence of the respect and esteem with which he is regarded in McDon- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 293 ough county, and his fitness for that re sponsible office, amply proven by the entire satisfaction of his constituency. He is also a ihember of the county board of supervisors, in which office he is now serving his fifth term. A sketch of Mr. McCord is given in connection with the history of the town of Blandinsville, with which he is prom inently identified. COUNTY CLERK. When McDonough county was organ ized, in 1830, the office of county clerk, while an important one, was not quite as prominent as at present. At that time the incumbent of the office was appointed by the county commissioners, and held it during good behavior. As a compen sation he was allowed the fees of his office, which were but a trifle, and a per diem allowance during the session of the commissioners' court. The first to fill the office was Michael Stinson, who was appointed at the first meeting of the county cSurt, on the 3d day of July, 1830. He acted in this ca pacity until September, when he re signed. On the retirement of Mr. Stinson, the county commissioners appointed John Baker to the vacant office. He was a member of the Baptist church, but gave very little time to his calling, engaging in regular secular pursuits. He came to the county in 1829, and built the first house on the site of the present town of Macomb. It is told of him that he held a membership in the New Hope Baptist church, in what was then called the "Job settlement," and he was expelled from it for unchristian conduct. In 1835 he left this part of the country, and re moved to Missouri, and from there to Texas. While living in the latter state, he wished once more to enter the minis try, but he was too conscientious to do this without rehabilation in the church from which he had been excluded, so in 1840, he returned the 800 miles that lay between his Texan home and this place, coming on horseback and was once more received into the bosom of the New Hope church, after due confession. He returned to Texas, where he preached the gospel for some years. He held the office of county clerk of this county but a short time. Early in the spring of 1831, Mr. Baker resigned the office, and the county com missioners' court appointed James M. Campbell to this position. He had, in the December previous, received- the ap pointment of circuit clerk, and when the vacancy occurred in the office of the county clerk, some one mentioned Mr. Campbell's name in connection with it. Opposition was at once raised on -the score of that gentleman's being a Yan kee. On being questioned, Mr. Camp bell's reply was characteristic: "Well, gentlemen, "said he, "if to be born in the city of Frankfort, Kentucky, living there until six years of age, coming to the state of Illinois and remaining six years, then returning to ' Kentucky and living there for twelve years, and then returning to Illinois, cohstitutes a Yan kee, then I am one." This explanation being satisfactory, the appointment was made. He held this office by appoint ment until 1838, when, the constitution having been changed, the office became elective, and Mr. Campbell was elected 294 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. by the people to fill the same office, and in 1843 he was re-elected, and held the office until the fall of 1846. A sketch of Mr. Campbell appears in connection with the legislative representation, he having filled the office of state senator, as already related. At the regular election of 1846, Isaac Grantham, the democratic nominee, was chosen by the majority of the people of the county to fill this responsible office. He was re-elected to the same position 1847, 1849, 1851, 1853, 1855 and 1857, serving in all nearly thirteen years, dy ing while in office during the year 1859. He was a very affable gentleman, justly popular, and would have, doubtless, held the office longer but for the hand of death. Mr. Grantham came to Macomb from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Jonathan H. Baker was the successor of Mr. Grantham in the office of county clerk, having been elected to at the reg ular election of 1859, and filled the po sition for two years. A sketch of Mr. Baker is found under the head of , county judges, he being the present occupant of that office. In 1861 James W. Mathews was called upon to fill the office of county clerk, and served the people in this capacity for one term of four years, the law hav ing been changed, making the duration of the term four instead of two years, as heretofore. Mr. Mathews is believed to have been a Kentuckian by birth and came here early in 1853, as the professor of mathematics in the McDonough col lege, and served in that position until 1855, when the institution closed its doors. Mr. Mathews, about a year after the expiration of his term of offlce, went to St. Louis, where he died. In 1865 William Ervin was elected to this office and filled it for four years. Captain William Ervin, druggist of Macomb, is a native of Eockingham county, Virginia, where he was born on the 27th day of February, 1820. His parents were both Virginians by birth, and the father, James Ervin, followed agricultural pursuits. The captain re sided in his native state until 1841, when accompanied by his mother, his father having died when William was four years of age, he came to Illinois and settled in McDonough county, where Hugh Ervin, a brother of the captaiu, hed settled some time previous. The mother died in Macomb in 1852. When the captain came to Macomb he imme diately engaged in the general mercan tile business, which he continued untU 1862, at which time he enlisted in com pany" C, 84th Illinois infantry, and was mustered into the service as captain of that company, Snd served as such up to the close of the war, when he was brev- ited as major. While in the service he participated in all the engagements in which his company took a part. Upon his return home he was elected to the office of clerk of the court, which office he held for four years. He then en gaged in farming, which he followed for a few years. In 1871 the captain en gaged is the drug trade, which he still continues, under the firm name of Will iam Ervin & Son. In politics he is a republican, and besides the office hereto fore mentioned, he has been honored several times by local offices. Mr. Ervin is a Eoyal Arch Mason, and served as HISTOEY OF. MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 295 high priest of that order previous to offering his services to the country. In 1849 Mary MeCrosky became his beloved wife. She is a Kentuckian by birth, but came to Schuyler county, Illinois, with her parents. Mr. and Mrs. Ervin are the parents of three children; Ella L., Sarah Alice, now the wife of William Wyne, and James M., the part ner, in business with his father. The successor of Mr. Ervin, in this office was Quinton C. Ward, who was elected at the regular election in the fall of 1869. He, also, filled this office for four years. Q. C. Ward is a native of McDonough county, and first saw the light on the 14th of February, 1838. He is at pres ent a resiwent of the town of LaHarpe, Hancock county, Illinois, where he is engaged, in company with J. H. Hun gate, in the banking business, under the firm name of Hungate, Ward & Co. In 1873, A. L. Sparks was duly elected to the office of county clerk, and filled the same for four years. Allen L. Sparks, a leading citizen of Bushnell township and prominent in McDonough county is a son of Joseph and Sarah (Deford) Sparks. His father was born in Washington county, Penn sylvania November, 24th, 1808, and died near EUisville, Fulton county, Illinois, July 6th, A. D. 1876. His mother was born September 13th, 1813, in Belmont county, Ohio, and died January 21st, 1864, near EUisville, Illinois. His father was of Irish descent and his mother of French. Allen L. is the el a distance of six miles. They soon re moved to Blandinsville, and continued tilling the soil, their principal trading point being Warsaw, a distance of 40 miles. To take a load of grain to said market required four days, and four dol lars was considered good compensation, but to earn this amount it was necessary to bring back a load of merchandise for merchants at Blandinsville. Mr. Sorter followed teaming for several years, and hauled corn during one winter, for his father, to Blandinsville, a distance of three miles. At that time corn was not weighed or measured, and when it was all hauled, the purchaser estimated the amount delivered, and concluded that he had received about 1,000 bushels, and allowed him 10 cents per bushel for the same, at which price corn was not worth weighing. Mr. Sorter learned the wagon making trade, but on acount of poor health was compelled to give it up. He engaged in the grocery business, and in the fall of 1872 removed his business to Bushnell. In 1874 he engaged in the manufacture of cigars, in which business he continued until the fall of 1880, when he was elected county treasurer, and re moved to Macomb. At that time he had a large stock of cigars on hand, which were destroyed by fire June 1, 1884, by Avhich he lost $2,500. He is a democrat in politics, and held several local offices previous to his election to the office of county treasurer. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M., I. O. 0. F., and K. of P. lodges. On the 1st of .-;?€•¦ T*'> L,.' ^^-^^^-f^^^/ HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 317 March, 1863, he was married to Clarinda E. Cherry. Her parents died when she was very young, and she was then reared in the family of her uncle, Thomas Cherry. Mr. and Mrs. Sorter have one son, William L. Mrs. Sorter has been a helpless invalid since Sep- temberj 1870, caused by rheumatism. Mr. Sorter has always been prominently identified Avith McDonough county, and, in his present position, has proved him self to be an efficient and trustworthy officer, and one who is deserving of the respect and support of the citizens of the county, without regard to party. CLEEK OF THE CIECUIT COUET. On the organization of the county, in 1830, John Baker was appointed clerk of the circuit court, pro tem., by Eichard M. Young, then judge of the fifth judi cial district, and he acted as clerk of the first term of the circuit court ever held in this county. The first regularly ap pointed clerk of the circuit court, how ever, was James M. CampbeU, who re ceived the appointment to that office from Eichard M. Young, judge of this, the then fifth judicial district, in the spring of 1831. Mr. Campbell held this office for more than 15 years, to the in finite credit of himself and the satisfac tion of all concerned. A sketch of this old pioneer and able man may be found in a previous part of this chapter, under the heading of general assembly, he having been honored by being sent by the people of this district to represent them at the state capital. William H. Eandolph was the next to fill this important office, having been elected in 1848, and re-elected both in 1852 and 1854. He was one of the most prominent men in the county, and largely identified with the official life of the county. In 1844 he was elected as a member of the state house of represent atives, and re-elected in 1846, and in connection with that office is written up at length. In 1856, William T. Head was elected to the office of circuit clerk by the peo ple of the county, and served them in this capacity for four years. Mr. Head was born in Washington county, Kentucky, on the 16th day of February, 1816. He emigrated to Mc Donough county Illinois, in the fall of 1834, and on the flfth day of November entered the office (or rather offices) of James M. Campbell, who then held the office of clerk of the circuit court, clerk of the county court, postmaster and county recorder, as assistant clerk, in which position he remained until elected county recorder in August, 1839. On the reorganization of the judiciary in the spring of 1841, he met the Hon. Stephen A. Douglas, one of the judges of the supreme court, performing circuit duties in the fifth judicial circuit, being the first court at which he presided as judge. At that time a very large amount of business had accumulated upon the dockets in every county in the circuit, 'to an extent that it required great labor to dispatch the business of the courts, con sequently it required more than an ordi nary clerical force to make up the rec ords, and as there had been the year be fore (1840) the most exciting political contest that the country had ever exper ienced, it was expected that a general re moval of the opposition clerks would be Tr 318 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. made by the court, and such was the case, In anticipation of this, Mr. Head accepted the iuAdtation of the judge to accompany him on the circuit and make the record for the new appointees, and assist such of those who were not re moved, as needed assistance. In conse quence of this, he had charge of the records in McDonough county, where he still remained as deputy, and of Han cock, Henderson, Warren and Schuyler. The arduous duties of this he continued to perform, until relieved by his brother, who was for many years afterwards clerk of the circuit court of Hancock county, but is now deceased. In the year 1843, Mr. Head was again elected county recorder of McDonough county, and was by the county court ap pointed a commissioner to transcribe the records of the military lands in McDon ough county; recorder at Edwardsville and Pittsfield, and in the state recorder's office, and completed the work in the fol lowing year. ¦ In 1847 he was again elected recorder, which office he held until the abolition of the office by the constitution of 1848. In the fall of 1849, he was elected county treasurer, but which office he resigned, and in 1850 was elected sheriff of the county. In 1852 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the office of circuit clerk, but in 1856 was more fortunate, being chosen to fill that responsible office by the people of the county. In 1860 he was a candidate for re-election for the same office, but was defeated, as is said, by unfair means. In 1864, Mr. Head entered the office of J. H. Hungate, as deputy to that gentleman who had just been elected clerk. In 1867, Mr. Head emigrated to Sabine county, Missouri, where he engaged in business, and re mained until January, 1874. During his stay in that locality he had the honor to serve as mayor of the beautiful city of Marshall. At the date last above writ ten he moved to Quincy, to accept a po sition in the office of the circuit clerk of that county, where he still remains. J. B. Cummings was elected to fill this office in 1860, and held it for one term of four years, to the satisfaction of all. He was born in Cecil county, Maryland, January 17, 1824, and is the son of James and Eachel (Hall) Cummings, both natives of that state. His early life was spent upon a farm, and in the private or select schools of his native state and Ohio, to Avhich latter place the family removed on the death of his father, which occurred in the early part of the year 1837. The family settled in Harrison county, of that state, where they remained three years, going from thence to Butler county, Pennsylvania. After settling up affairs, on the death of his father, but little was left, and the support of the family fell upon John and an older sister, the latter engaging as a teacher, while John secured a place as clerk in a dry goods and grocery store, which occupation he followed for some years, or until enabled to go into busi ness for himself. Mr. Cummings has been twice married; first to Evaline W. Pearson, of Butler county, Pennsylvania, March 3, 1847. By this union, there were six children five of whom are still living — Clarence P., born December 27, 1847, now en gaged as a book-keeper and dealer in real estate, in Eio Grande county. Col- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 319 orado; Leonidas B., who married Georgie Westgate, of Quincy, and now resides at Bushnell; James E., who mar ried Matilda J. Perrine, and is now a resident of Bushnell, where he con ducts a job printing office; Chas. G, who resides at home, and is a shareholder and bookkeeper for the Bushnell Fire Clay tile and brick works; Eva, the wife of C. W. Dickerson, of Chicago, at present cashier for Lord, Owens & Company, wholesale druggists; Minnie, the sixth chUd, died in infancy. Mrs. Cummings departed this life on the 16th of Novem ber, 1862. Mr. Cummings was again married, April 19th, 1864, to Mrs. Mary E. Parkinson, nee Chambers, a native of Kentucky, and who was born near Lexington. Her parents removed to Sangamon county, Illinois, in the month of October, 1844. By her first marriage, Mrs. Cummings was the mother of two children, now deceased — Charles Henry and Ann Elizabeth. Her father, William Chambers, was one of the early settlers of Macomb, and a sketch of whom will he found elsewhere in this volume. Mr. and Mrs. Cum mings are the parents of one child — William C, who was bom on the 16th of January, 1865, and resides at home. In 1851 Mr. Cummings came to the "Great West," as then called, and took up his residence at Macomb, in this county, where he resided until his re moval to the city of Bushnell in 1865. Shortly after coming to Macomb, in company with Mr. John B. Pearson, he purchased the stock and good Avill of Messrs. Eandolph & Parkinson in the dry goods and grocery trade, continuing the same, with some changes, until 1857, when he retired from the firm that he might accept the position as clerk in the newly established banking house of Charles Chandler & Co., which position he retained until his election to the office of clerk of the circuit court of McDon ough county in 1860. At this election he ran for the office against William T. Head, one of the most popular men in the county, receiving a small majority, notwithstanding the county had never previously given a majority in favor of the party to which Mr. Cummings be longed. Mr. Head, not content with the result, contested the election, but the court before whom the case was tried, decided in Mr. Cummings' favor. At the expiration of his term of office he removed to Bushnell, and in company with Charles Chandler, started a private banking house under the firm name of Chandler & Cummings. Mr. Chandler residing in Macomb and being engaged in a similar enterprise, the business of ' the Bushnell firm was conducted by Mr. Cummings alone. In 1871 a charter was obtained for a national bank, the firm in vested their means in the same, and, to gether with other parties, organized the Farmer's National bank, with Mr. Cum mings as cashier and general manager. On his removal to Bushnell, with his accustomed zeal, Mr. Cummings at once entered upon the work of promoting the interests of that go-ahead town — no pub lic enterprise but what secured his hearty and active co-operation. On the organization of the town as a city in 1869, he was elected its first mayor, was several times re-elected to the same of fice. While in the office of clerk of the circuit court he gave the greatest 320 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. attention to the details of that office. Having business to transact with hun dreds throughout the county, he treated all in a way to secure their friendshtp and good Avill. Although beaten for the same office in 1864, it was not on ac count of the loss of any personal popu larity, but fi'om causes resulting from the war. In the discharge of his duties as mayor of the city of Bushnell he always endeavored to be impartial in everything, working for the best inter ests of that place. In 1878 he was a candidate before the republican state convention for state treasurer, and although making no can vass whatever of the state, and making no special effort for the nomination, he received unanimous support of the dele gates for the 10th and llth congressional districts, and held the balance of power in the convention, and it was by turning his support to Hon. J. C. Smith that gave that gentleman the nomination. John H. Hungate Avas the next occu pant of this office, having been elected at the general election of 1864, although running against J. B. Cummings, one of the most popular men in the county. He served the county for four years.^ John H. Hungate was born in Han cock county, Illinois, on the 2d day of June, 1838. Pie was admitted to the bar in 1862, and commenced the practice of law. He was elected to the office of clerk of the circuit court as above. In 1876 he was the democratic nominee for congress, inthe tenth congressional dis trict, and the nominee of the same party in 1880, for state senator from the twenty-fourth district. He is, at pres ent, a banker at LaHarpe, Illinois. The next incumbent of the office of clerk of the circuit court was Benj. F. Pink ley, elected in November, 1868, and serv ing one term of four years. At the November election of 1872, Isaac N. Pearson was the successful contestant for the official honors and emolument arising from the position of clerk of the circuit court. He entered upon the discharge of his duties and fulfilled them so well, that in 1876, he was re-elected to the same office, serving in all, eight years. Mr. Pearson is noticed at length in connection Avith the Thirty-third general assembly. Joseph E. Wyne was elected to this onerous and responsible office,in Novem ber, 1880, and served his constituency admirably for one term of four years. Joseph E. Wyne, one of Macomb's prominent retired citizens, is a native Kentuckian, and was born February 13, 1820, being the son of B. F. and Mary Ann (Doyle) Wyne, both deceased, the former of whom was a native of New Jersey, and the latter of Ireland. Joseph E., was left an orphan when but a small boy, and, in April, 1834, with the family of Joseph MeCrosky, he came to Illi nois and settled in the northern part of Industry township, McDonough county. Here he tilled the soil for about four years, then removing to the city of Ma comb, where he commenced mercantile life as a clerk in the store of N. P. Tin sley, with Avhom he remained some seven years. He then entered into a partner ship with C. A. Lawson, and, under the firm name of Wyne & Lawson, carried on a general store until 1848, at which time Mr. Wyne bought the interest of his partner, and continued in the busi- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 321 ness until 1856, when he sold out and entered into the lumber trade, continuing the same for three years. In 1861 he received the appointment of postmaster of Macomb, which office he held until 1865. He again engaged in the lumber business in 1866, which he followed until 1869. In 1870 Mr. Wyne was appointed census-taker of McDonough county, and soon afterwards became deputy circuit clerk, serving as such until 1880, in which year he was elected clerk of the court, which office he held one term, four years. In 1845 Joseph E. Wyne and Laurinda Hays, a daughter of Dr. Charles Hays, were united in marriage. As a result of this union, they had 10 children born to them, eight of whom are yet living — Elizabeth, wife of James A. Hungate, of Washington territory; J. W., H. G, Lewis E., a lawyer at Kansas City; Frank P., Chicago, Burlington & Qunicy station agent at Peoria; George H., with American Express Company; Annie, and Walker, a book-keeper at Macomb. In politics Mr. Wyne is a staunch republican, and, besides the offices named above, has held numerous local offices. In fact, his friends have kept him in some office of trust about all the time, thus showing his personal popularity. He is a Eoyal Arch Mason. Cadwallader S. Churchill, the present incumbent of the office of clerk of the circuit court, was elected to that position in November, 1884. C. S. Churchill, the present clerk of the court, was born in the town of Ma comb, April 25, 1834, being a son of Eichard H. and Sarah A. (Brown) Churchill. His father died in 1837, af ter which the remainder of his family returned to Kentucky, their former home. The early life of C. S., was spent on a farm, and he received his ed ucation in private schools, as they were the only schools in existence in the south. In 1856, he returned to his nat ive county and engaged in the dry goods trade, and subsequently also, en tered into the lumber business. He af terwards engaged as traveling salesman for a wholesale liquor house. In the fall of 1884, he was elected to his pres ent office. He was married April 3, 1860, to Mary E. Twyman, a daughter of Iverson L. Twyman. They have three children — Nannie, Alfred B., and Iverson L. Nannie, the eldest, died in March,1885. Mr. Churchill is a democrat in politics and is a Eoyal Arch Mason and a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. Burchard H. Churchill, father of C. S., was a native of Kentucky, and while yet a resident of that state, he was mar ried to Sarah A. Brown. In 1833 they came to Illinois, and settled in McDon ough county. Mr. Churchill died Octo ber 14, 1837, and his wife with her fam ily returned to Kentucky, where she died in 1872. They had six children, two of whom are now living in this county — C. S., and John W. SHEEIEFS. As has been already said, the first election in the county was held at the house of Elias McFadden, on the 3d of July, 1830, at which time the officers to perfect the organization of the county were duly elected. Among these was William Southward, the first sheriff of McDonough county. These officers 322 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. were chosen to fill these places until the next election, which was in August, fol lowing, when Mr. Southward was re-el ected. He was again re-elected in 1832 and 1834. Mr. Southward was one of the early settlers at what was then known as " Job's settlement " now Blan dinsville, coming in the spring of 1826. After his term of office as sheriff had expired, he left this country and moved to Missouri and has been lost sight of. Daniel Campbell was the second sher iff of the county, having been elected to that office in the fall of 1836. He was a native of Tennessee, where he resided until 1828, when he removed to this state and located in Sangamon county. He remained there but one year when he came to this county, landing in Ten nessee township on the 10th of Decem-^ ber, 1829. In the spring of 1830, he lo cated on section 10, where he made some efforts to open up a farm, but in the fall of the same year he moved to section 3, where he resided until 1832. In that and the succeeding year, he was a vol unteer in the Black Hawk war. In 1836, he was elected sheriff of the county as above stated and served two years. During the year 1841, he left his home and made a, trip through parts of the south, especially the Eed Eiver country, and while returning from thence was taken sick and died in Green county, Illinois, on the 9th of Apnil, 1842. William H. Eandolph was the next incumbent of this office, being first elec ted in 1838, and re-elected in 1840 and 1842, filling this office therefore, for six years. Mr. Eandolph has been men tioned at length in connection with the position of member of the general as sembly, an office which he filled at a later date. David Lawson, the next sheriff of McDonough county, was elected to that office in 1844, and twice re-elected, in 1846 and in 1848, serving in all six years. David Lawson came to this county from Kentucky, in 1838, bringing his family with him. He engaged in the gro cery business in Macomb and after wards added dry goods to his stock. In 1844 he was elected to the office of sher iff and was re-elected as above. He took quite a prominent part in the Mor mon war, and was Avith the volunteers from this county. He is at present at Fort Worth, Texas, where he is engaged in running a flour and feed depot and is interested in stock matters. His family are resdents of Macomb. William T. Head, who is mentioned elsewhere was elected to the office of sheriff in 1850, resigning the office of county treasurer to take this position. He served the people of the county two years, Sydnor H. Hogan was elected in 1852, to fill the position of sheriff, and was re elected to the same office in 1854, and served four years in this office. A notice of him may be found in connection with the office of treasurer, which he filled at a later date. George A. Taylor, in 1856, was elected to the office of sheriff and occupied the position for one term of two years. George A. Taylor, one of McDonough county's pioneers, came in the fall of 1833. He is a native Virginian, and was born January 16, 1809, his parents being Josiah and Elizabeth Taylor. When HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 323 George was about eight years of age, his parents removed to North Carolina, where he grew to manhood. He then went to Cumberland county, Kentucky, where he was united in marriage with Elizabeth A. Vawter, in 1833, and soon afterwards removed to Illinois and entered land in Chalmers township, McDonough county, and engaged in farming. He afterwards moved into Scotland township. His principal occu pation was farming until 1850, when he came to Macomb, and served as deputy sheriff untU 1856, being then elected to the office of sheriff, and served as such for two years. At the expiration of his term as sheriff, he purchased a farm lo cated about three miles east of Macomb, and again followed agricultural pursuits. In the fall of 1865 he sold his farm, wintered in Macomb, and the following spring removed to the village of Industry, and, in company with his son, Winslow H., carried on hardware and grocery bus iness forl4 years. In the spring of 1880, Mrs. Taylor died, and her husband then closed out the business and returned to Macomb, and, with his son, purchased the livery business which they now con duct. Of the three children born to Mr. and Mrs. Taylor, two are living. Paulina, now the wife of E. H. Morsey, and Winslow H. Lucy Jane, the eldest of the children, became the Avife of A. C. Morsey, and settled at Pekin, Illinois, where she died in 1880, leaving five children. Mr. Taylor, voted for Andrew Jackson in 1832, and has adhered to democratic principles ever since, always voting that ticket straight. Besides holding the office of sheriff, he has filled a seat in the board of supervisors. The next to occupy the office of sheriff of this county was F. D. Lipe, who was elected thereto at the election in the fall of 1858, and who filled the same for one term of two years. Mr. Lipe has been already noticed in connection with the office of county treasurer. At the general election in the fall of 1860, Silas J. Hopper was chosen by the qualified voters of the county for the office of sheriff. He entered upon the duties of the office and served the peo ple for two years. Amos Dixon was the 10th occupant of this office. He was elected in the fall of 1862, and served two years. Amos Dixon, who was elected sheriff of this county in 1862, is a native of Chester county, Pennsylvania, born Jan uary 10, 1826. He was brought up on a farm, receiving a limited education in the common schools of his native state. He came to this county in 1852 and first settled in Industry tovniship; there re mained until elected sheriff, when he moved to the city of Macomb. In 1852 he was married to Mary E. Pyle, also a native of Pennsylvania. Politically he has always affiliated Avith the democratic party. Next came G. L. Farwell, who was chosen in 1864 by the citizens to fill this honorable, but onerous, office, and he, also, remained in this official capacity two years. Capt. G. L. Farwell, one of the early settlers of Macomb, was born in St. Charles, Missouri, August 30, 1818, his parents being John and Abigail (How land) Farwell, the former of whom died when the captain was only five years old. His mother subsequently married Benja- 324 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. min Walker. The family afterwards moved to Illinois, and G. L., at the age of 16, went to Quincy and engaged as a clerk, where he remained until 1842, when he came to Macomb and joined his sister, the wife of Hon. James M. Camp beU. In 1845 Mary W. Cheatham be came his wife. They have one child living. In 1861 G. L. enlisted and was mustered into the service as captain of company D, 28th Illinois infantry, Avliich rank he held during his service, being mustered out in August, 1864. During the battle at Jackson, Mississippi, the captain was wounded, a rifle ball pene trating his right arm and passing through his body. On his return home he was elected sheriff and served one term, since which time he has been a constable and general collector. Politically, he is a republican. The G. A. E. and the A. F. and A. M. claim him as a member. Samuel Wilson Avas elected, in 1866, to this office, and held it one term. Samuel Wilson is the eldest son of John and Jane (McComsey) Wilson, and was born March 17, 1817, at Mechan icsburg, Champaign county, Ohio. His father, John Wilson, was born August 12, 1781, in Greenbrier county, Virginia, and resided Avith his parents until 1804, when he pushed out into the wilderness of Ohio, making a settlement in Madison county, where he was married. Mrs. Wilson was a native of Harrodsburg, Kentucky, born October 7, 1787, and re moved to Ohio in 1808; was married December 20, 1809; seven children were born to them — Melissa, Margaret, Sam uel, John, Eli, Jane and Mary Ann. On the 1st of March, 1816, John Wilson moved to Champaign county, where the subject of this sketch was born. Sam uel resided with the authors of his being until September, 1835, when the family emigrated to Illinois, and, coming to Mc Donough county, made a settlement in Bethel township,where John WUson, the elder, died on the 14th of June, 1843. His aged wife followed him on the llth of February, 1861. Samuel Wilson and Susan Edmonston were married in this county, November 30, 1837. Mrs. Wil son was a native of DuBois county, In diana, born May 20, 1822, and died June 6, 1884. This couple were the parents of ten children, three daughters and seven sons, whose names are as follows: Mary Jane, Annie, William, Eli, Zachary T., Nicholas E., James E., Samuel, Laura Lizzie and Edwin M. Samuel Wilson has been a constant resident of this county ever since 1835, except part of one year,' he having moved to Kansas in November, 1872, but returned to this place in the following June. His occupation has been principally farming, but he sold goods at Middletown, or Fandon, for a Avhile. He was the county assessor for the year 1843, and again in 1851 and 1852 he assessed the south half of the county and the city of Macomb. In pol itics he was a whig until 1856, when he attached himself to the free soil, or re publican party, with whom he still affil iates. At the beginning of the war, in April, 1861, he raised a company and was unanimously chosen captain. On reporting at Springfield he found that he was too late to be included in the first call for volunteers, but on proceeding with his company to Quincy, assisted in the organization of the 16tli Illinois in fantry, of which he was made lieutenant- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 325 colonel, and served with the regiment un til November 14, 1862, when he resigned on account of ill-health and disability, and returned home. In 1866 he was elected sheriff of the county, as above related. On the 14th of March, 1881, he was appointed United States storekeeper for the fourth collection district of Illi nois, and in January, 1884, was trans ferred to the fifth district, and is now on duty at Peoria. Although without the limits of the county, yet Mr. Wilson claims Bethel township, McDonough county, as his residence. John E. Lane was the successor of Mr. Wilson in the office, having been elected in 1868. J. E. Lane was born in Eussell county, Kentucky, October 1, 1834, and is a son of Ghalson and Mary (James) Lane, both natives of Kentucky. In the spring of 1836 he Avith his parents removed to Illinois and settled in Industry town ship, McDonough county. In May, 1861, he enlisted as private in the 16th Illi nois volunteer infantry, and served as such until 1862, when he was appointed first sergeant of company A, and served in such position until June 20, 1864, when he returned to Macomb. He was married October 20, 1864, to Josie A. Kendrick, a daughter of W. H. Ken drick, of Macomb. They have one child — Frank A. In May, 1865, he was ap pointed city marshal, assessor and collector and served two years; in December, 1866, he was appointed deputy sheriff by Colonel Sam. Wil son, and served in that capacity for two years, and in the fall of 1868 he was elected sheriff of the county, which position he held for two years. In the fall of 1870 he bought a farm in Carroll county, Missouri, which he worked for two years. He returned to Macomb, December 24, 1872, and on the 16th day of January, 1873, bought the interest of S. L. Babcock in a grocery store, and went into partnership with Jos. Upde graff, and continued in the business with him for one year, when Mr. Upde graff retired, and he continued in the business alone for about one year, when he formed a partnership with G. W. Pace, with whom he continued the busi riess until the fall of 1877, when they sold out. He was elected constable in the spring of 1877, and was re-elected in the spring of 1881, and is constable at present. In December, 1870, he was ap pointed deputy sheriff by Fred. Newland, and was reappointed in 1882, to serve four years. In 1870, Thomas Murray was duly elected to fill this official position, and entering upon the duties thereof, he served two years. Samuel Frost, the sheriff elected in November, 1872, remained in office the regulation two years. Samuel Frost, the present secretary and superintendent of the Macomb tile and sewer pipe company, came to this county from Fulton in 1858. He is a native of Ohio, born October 10th 1832. He was brought up on a farm and re ceived a fair education, in the common schools of his native state. He worked hard when a boy upon farms in different neighborhoods, making his father's house his home. In 1850 he was mar ried to Frances Murphy, a native of Ohio. He then left the old homestead, but remained in Ohio engaged in farm- 326 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. ing until 1852, when he came to Fulton county of this state, and followed the same business until 1858, when, as before stated he came to this county. His first settlement here was made on section 4 of Eldorado township, Avhere he rented a farm which he afterward purchased. He lived there from the spring of 1859 till 1864, then sold out and bought an other farm in Ncav Salem township, and there remained until the fall of 1872, when having been elected sheriff' of the county, he removed to Macomb, rented the farm two years and then sold it. In 1874 he purchased a farm in Scotland township, moved on to it and there lived six years, then returned to Macomb. He has since sold that place. He then engaged in the grocery business, and continued four years. In September, 1884, he entered upon the duties of his present position. During the time of his residence in Eldorado township, the civil war broke out, and he enlisted in company F, 84th regiment, Illinois vol unteer infantry, and remained in the service about 18 months, when, on ac count of disability he was honorably discharged. He participated in various engagements, among them the battle of Stone river, where he was wounded, from the effects of which he has never fully recovered. Mr. and Mrs. Frost have had nine children, six boys and three girls, six of whom are now liv ing. Celia, married to Ezra Einehart, and living in New Salem township; George deceased; Charlie married to Ollie Payne, living in Odessa, Missouri. Albert, living at home; John married to Josie Master son and living in Ma comb; Hattie, the wife of Samuel Daw son, and now deceased; Mary, married to Joseph , Kline and living in Scot land township; William living at home, and James (deceased). Mr. Frost is a member of the Masonic fraternity and of the G. A. E. His political creed is that of the republican party, but he may properly be classed among the inde pendents. J. B. Venard was the next to fill the of fice of sheriff, being elected in the fall of 1874. A sketch of this gentleman may be found in connection with the history of the city of Macomb, of which he is the present postmaster. Charles C. Hays served in this office for two years, having been elected in 1876. The election of 1878 developed a warm contest for the office of sheriff, and Winslow H. Taylor was elected by a plurality of only 33, his principal oppo nent being Mr. Hays, the former occu pant of the office. Winslow H. Taylor, of the livery firm of Taylor & Son, was born in Bethel township, McDonough county, Illinois, on the 17th day of August, 1843, his par ents being George A. and Elizabeth (Vawter) Taylor. In 1850 the family re moved to the city of Macomb, and, in 1857, Winslow H. commenced to learn the tinner's trade, which he followed during the winters, and assisted his ¦father on the farm during the summers, until the month of August, 1864, at which time he was united in marriage with Lu- cintha Tatman, a daughter of Hiram Tatman. In 1865 he removed to the town of Industry and engaged in the hardware and grocery business. One year later his father entered into a part- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 327 nership with him, and, under the firm name of George A. Taylor & Son, carried on the business until 1880. In the fall of 1878, Winslow H. Taylor was elected as sheriff of the county, he being the first democratic sheriff elected for many years. He served one term, since which time he has been engaged in the livery business. He has also served as a mem ber of the board of supervisors, from In dustry. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor have been the parents of five children, four of whom are yet living — Mae, Lizzie, Nel lie and Stella. Mr. T. is a member of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, as is he also of the Knights of Pythias. ' Frederick Newland, the present sheriff of McDonough county, was first elected to this office in 1880, and has been kept in that position by the people ever since, as a mark of their appreciation of his efficiency and rectitude. Frederick Newland is a native of England, having been born in that country November 5, 1836, his parents being Abraham and Sarah (Porter) Newland. During his early life he worked in the coal mines, and resided in his native country until 1855, at which time, accompanied by his mother and brothers (his father having preceded them), he emigrated to the United States and located in LaSalle county, Illinois. Two years later they removed to McDonough county, settling at Col chester. Here Frederick followed min ing until 1861, then responded to his country's call and enlisted in company C, 16th Illinois infantry, and served three years. Upon being mustered out of the service he returned to Colchester and entered mercantile life as a clerk with his brother. While in that capacity he was elected to the office of sheriff of the county in 1880, and at the expiration of his term of office was re-elected. As an able and efficient officer, Mr. Newland meets and merits the approbation of the law-abiding portion of the community, and has the respect of all. Politically, he is a republican, but counts his friends and supporters by the score in the opposite political party. He is a member of the Macomb lodge of Knight of Pythias, as is he also of the Grand Army of the Eepublic post of the same city. In January, 1862, Frederick New- land and Sarah E. Ingalls, a native of Illinois and the daughter of Daniel D. T. Ingalls, were united in the holy bonds of matrimony. As a result of this union they are now the parents of six children, Jessie M., William N. S., Eleanor E., Emojean, Celia E. and Frederick I. SUEVEYOES. Some of the prominent representative men of the county have several times been called upon to fill the office of sur veyor. The first that occupied the posi tion was Jesse Bartlett, who was elected in July, 1830. He was succeeded by James W. Brattle,1832. Many of the parties who have held the office, are mentioned in some other connection, and it would be useless to repeat the same here. A list of them is however given Avith the date of their election, for a convenient refer ence: C. W. Bacon, 1835; S. A. Hunt, 1838^3; H. I. C. Averill, 1846^7; J. W. Brattle, 1848; W. H. EUe, 1849-51- 53; C. A. Gilchrist, 1855; S. A. Hunt, 1857-59-61; A. J. White, 1863; J. B. Nickel, 1864; J. W. Brattle, 1865; S. A. 328 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Hunt, 1867; W. J. Edie, 1869; James Shannon, 1871; B. F. Howard, 1875; Cephas Holmes, 1879-84. COEONEES. The following is a list of those who have filled the office of coroner in Mc Donough county, together with the date of their election: Peter Hale, 1830; Isaac Bartlett, 1830; John Woodsides, 1832; E. S. Lowe, 1834; John P. Head, 1837; C. G. Overton, 1838; B. B. Head, 1840-42; W. W. Clayton, 1845; John P. Head, 1848; L. Graves, 1850; S. H. Mc Candless, 1852; David Eeece, 1854; J. H. Epperson, 1856; J. H. Swigart, 1858; Isaac P. Montfort, 1860; Jeremiah Sul livan, 1862-64; W. W. Head, 1866; J. H. Epperson, 1868; D. W. Campbell, 1870; W. E. Pittman, 1872; W. H. Way- land, 1874; G. W. Eeid, 1876-78; C. F. Griffiths, 1880; E. Lawrence, 1882; J. Hindman, 1884. James Wells Brattle was born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, June 16, 1795. His father, William Brattle, was a native of Wethersfield, Connecticut, as was also his mother, Hannah Wells. His people were farmers, but for many years James pursued the profession of a sur veyor. He obtained his education in his native village, and worked on a farm and studied surveying while yet a young man. In the fall of 1829 he came west and located in Hancock county near Nauvoo. He laid out that town, and pursued the occupation of a surveyor in that locality until 1831, when he went to Carthage, the couuty seat, and was elected county surveyor. In 1836 he came to McDonough county, where he has since remained. He has laid out many towns, including the city of Ma comb, which was re-surveyed and platted by him. Mr. Brattle has always enjoyed good health, and gives promise of living years to come. His parents died while he was yet young. He never married. He has always enjoyed the confidence and esteem of his neighbors, and his friends are numerous. CHAPTER XIV. THE COUETS OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Man, a finite being, is of a necessity, from his nature, an imperfect creature, and as such requires that laws, both human and divine, shall be enacted, with the penalties attached for their violation, for his government. Ever since the day when our first parents, Adam and Eve, were placed in the garden of Eden, with the injunction to let the fruit of a certain tree alone, with the penalty for trans gression attached, man has had to have some law to govern him, or he descends HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 329 to barbarism and rapine. Through a long line of law givers and legislators, we trace the laws of the present back to the decalogue, given to the tribes of Israel when they wandered in the deserts of Arabia, the underlying principles of Avliich are the fundamental basis of all modern law. Circumstances and sur roundings have changed since the days when that alone was needed, and the present complex and often prolix laws are the superstructure built upon the foundation of the "ten commandments." The existence of laws implies the ex istence of courts wherein all questions of law shall be determined and interpre ted. This fact, so patent, being deter mined, the framers of the state constitu tion instituted certain courts of justice, each Avith well defined powers. Changes have been made, from time to time, in the jurisdiction of these courts, but the rights of every citizen, of high or low degree, have ever been maintained. Among the men who took a part in laying the foundation of this portion of the state of Illinois, there is, perhaps, no class that stands out more prominently than the members of the bench and bar, and McDonough county has had the honor of having contributed some of the ablest men to this portion of gov ernment. Of these, in their turn, it is now the pleasure of the historian to pre sent a view. Many of the sketches of the talented men who have occupied the bench in some of these courts are meager, but, they having passed from this arena of active life, but little can be gathered respecting them, although no pains have been spared to make this chapter as full and complete as possible. CIECUIT COUET. McDonough county, when organized, was a part of the fifth judicial circuit, which included all of what was known as the "Military tract," which covered the whole northern part of the state of Illinois, to the boundary line. At the time of the organization, Eichard M. Young was upon the bench as judge of the circuit court, and issued the order authorizing the election of county offi cers and the organization of McDonough. Before the newly organized county of McDonough had reported to Judge Young the result of the election of the county officers, the following document was sent,by him to John Baker, circuit clerk pro tem. : State of Illinois, 1 ax Fifth Judicial Cibcuitj To all whom it may concern, greeting: Know ye that I, Richard M. Young, cir cuit judge of the flfth judicial district of the state of Illinois, north of the Illinois river, and presiding judge of the circuit court in and for the county of McDonough and state aforesaid, in pursuance of the power vested in me by virtue of the tenth section of the act entitled "An act supplemental to ' au act regulating the supreme and circuit courts, approved January 19, 1829,' approved Janu ary 23, 1829," do hereby order and appoint that circuit court be held in and for the said county of McDonough, at such places as may be selected and provided by the county com missioners' court of said county, on the Thursday after the third Monday in June, and the Thursday after the flrst Monday in October, until different days shall be ap pointed by the legislature, or until I shall make another order to the contrary. Given under my hand and seal, at Galena, this Sth day of July, A. D. 1830, and of the independence of the United States the flfty- flfth . Richard M. Young, Circuit Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit of the State of Illinois. 830 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. On the opposite page of the sheet of foolscap on which this is written, is the foUowing letter from Judge Young to the circuit clerk of this county: Galena, III., July 5, 1830. Dear Sir: — Supposing that the election of county offlcers in your county took place oil the 3d day of July, as directed by the order issued for that purpose, I send you herewith, on the flrst page, an order for the holding of circuit court, for all legal and judicial pur poses, Avill be considered as organized on this day (the 5th of July, 1830). As soon as you receive this order, and the county commis sioners shall have provided a place for the holding of the circuit court, you will please set up public notices, in four of the most pub lic places in the county, of the times and place of holding ofthe court, that all persous interested may have timely notice thereof. The order herewith transmitted, you will please file among the records of the court. All writs and processes will be made return able at the place selected by the county com missioners at the times mentioned in the annexed order. I am very respectfully, etc., Richard M. Youno. P.S. — Please inform me by letter at what place the circuit court will be held, stating the quarter section, section, township and range on which the house is located, in order that I may have some knowledge of the rel ative situation of the diff'erent places of hold ing court in the new counties; also, who are elected county officers, and oblige. R. M. Y. In accordance with this order of the circuit judge as above, on the 17th of October, 1830, the first term of the cir cuit court was held in this county, at the house of John Baker, in the town of Washington, (now the city of Macomb), the temporary county seat of McDon ough county. There were present, in attendance on the court, Hon. Eichard M. Young, circuit judge; John Baker, clerk, pro tem.; William Southward, sheriff. This term lasted but one day and but little business was transacted. The first grand jury in the county, se lected by the county commissioners at their September session was present, and was composed of the following gen tlemen: William Osborne, Joseph Os borne, William Garrett, Eoland Lee, George Grace, WiUiam Hendry, William Stephens, Elias McFadden, John Bar ber, David Troxwell, Peter Hale, Nathan A. McFadden, John Carmack, John Wyatt, Sr., John Woodsides, WUliam Deakins, Wright Eiggins, Elijah Bris tow, Caswell Eussell, Abraham Gassett and John Vance. The petit jury in at tendance, also, was made up as follows: Charles Shannon, William Shannon, John Wilson, James Vance, Jr., John Bridges, Thomas Bridges, Thomas Phil lips, Nimrod Smith, Eli Osborne, Nich olas Campbell, John Massingill, Eph raim Mitchell, Enoch Cyrus, Nathan Bartlett, Eussell Duncan, Eeuben Har ris, Jr., Ephraim Perkins, George Shell, William Job, Nathan Hume, Noble Owsly, and Larkin Osborne. Neither of these juries were called on to act, both being dismissed, as there was no busi ness to be brought before them. The order of Judge Young, calling an elec tion for the organization of the county, was ordered spread upon the records of the court, as well as an order in relation to the time of holding court. Eichard M. Young was a native of Kentucky, and was among the earliest settlers of Northern Illinois. In 1828, while a resident of Galena, Jo Daviess county, he was appointed as judge of HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 331 the fifth judicial district, and commis sioned as such on the 29th day of Janu ary, 1829. He, in 1833, removed to Quincy, where he lived for some years. He remained upon the bench until 1837, when he resigned, having been elected to the United States senate for six years. After filling that office for the requisite term, Mr. Young, upon the 4th of Feb ruary, 1843, received the appointment of judge of the supreme court, and sat upon the bench of this august tribunal until January 25, 1847, when he resigned, having been appointed commissioner of the general land office by President James K. Polk. It is said of him, that he ranked high in his profession, and his counsels did much toward shaping the policy of the state, in his day. He was generous in his feelings and liberal in his views, and hence stood high in the estimation of all who knew him. He possessed a liberal endowment of intel lectual abUity and literary and legal ac quirements, and these and other qualifi cations admirably fitted him for the posts he was called upon to fill. Upon all Avith whom he came in contact he produced a lasting and favorable im pression. His course while in the sen ate and at the head of the department over which he presided was such as to give him a national reputation, and his history is a part of the annals of the re public. James H. Ealston was a native of Ken tucky, and was elected by the legislature to fill the vacancy in the judgeship of the fifth circuit, caused by the resignation of Judge Young. He was commissioned February 4th, 1837, and remained upon the bench until August 31st, 1839, when he resigned on account of ill health, and with the intention of emigrating to Texas. After a short sojourn in that state he returned to Illinois, and locating at Quincy, resumed his law practice. In 1840, he was elected to the state senate, and in 1846 he was appointed by Presi dent Polk, assistant quartermaster. United States army, and ordered to re port to the commander of the Illinois troops then en route for Mexico. Dis charging his duties faithfully while in that "land of chapparel," he returned home, and soon after moved to Califor nia. Peter Lott was a native of New York, and was appointed to succeed Judge Ealston, the date of his commission bearing date of September 9th, 1839. He filled the position acceptably for the time appointed, and was elected and re- commissioned December 20, 1839, and continued in office until 1841, when he resigned. He subsequently acted in the capacity of clerk of the circuit court in Adams county, where he remained until 1852. He then emigrated to California, and was appointed superintendent of the United States mint, in San Francisco, by Franklin Pierce, president at that time, but was removed by James Buchanan, on his accession to the presidency in 1856. Mr. Lott then moved to Kansas, and died there in obscurity, and in limited cir cumstances. Stephen A. Douglas was elected judge by the legislature in 1841, and continued in office till August, 1843, when he re signed, having been elected to congress from the fifth congressional district. He was born in the town of Brandon, Ver mont, on the 23d of AprU, 1813. His 332 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. father was a physician, and died early in life, leaving his widow and son in al most indigent circumstances. Stephen had but few opportunities for schooling, much of the living of his mother and himself depending upon the labor of his hands. He devoted this time of his life to learning the cabinet maker's trade, and spent some years at the business. His mother, finally, married again, and young Stephen, in 1831, accompanied her and his step father, to Canandaigua, New York. There he attended an acad emy and remained until the year 1833, Avhen he came to Illinois, and taught school at Winchester, near the county seat of Scott county. This was a sub scription school. Mr. Douglas employed his time evenings and holidays, in the study of law, and in 1834, he moved to Jacksonville, where he was admitted to the bar, and in 1834, he was elected at torney general of the state, though only 22 years of age. He soon resigned that office to accept a seat in the legislature. On the expira tion of his term in that body, he settled down to the practice of law in Jackson ville, where he remained until 1837, when he removed to Springfield, having been appointed register of the land office by President Van Buren. In 1839, he resigned this office, and the year follow ing, was made secretary of state. In 1841, he was appointed, by the legisla ture, judge of this circuit. Mr. Clarke, in his history of the county says: "The circumstances under which he entered upon the duties of the office were suffi cient to thoroughly try the force and scope of his abilities. The circuit was large — the previous incumbent of the of fice had left the "docket" loaded with unfinished "cases;" but he was more than equal to the task. He cleaned out the docket with that dispatch and ability which distinguished his subsequent course ; and so profound was the impres sion which he made upon the people, that, in the first congressional election which occurred after he was established in his character as a judge, he received the nomination for member of the lower house of congress, and was elected there to. Through the distinguished abilities which he displayed as a statesman, he received the appellation of the 'Little Giant,' and became the recognized leader of a great political party. In 1860 he received the nomination for the presi dency, but owing to a division in the party, he was beaten by Abraham Lin coln, his competitor for the United States senate two years previous. On the inauguration of President Lincoln, and the subsequent withdrawal of the south ern states from the Union, and the war following, Mr. Douglas took strong Un ion ground, and declared henceforth there could be but two parties in the county, patriots and traitors. In a few days thereafter he was taken sick and died on the 3rd of June, 1861, sincerely mourned by the whole nation." Judge Jesse B. Thomas, was appointed to the vacant bench in August, 1843, and served in that exalted position until 1845, when he resigned. Shortly after this, in 1847, he was appointed to the supreme court as one of the judges, for the unexpired term of Judge Young. He held this office until December 4, 1848. A short time after this he died. He was a man of much culture and high HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 335 legal attainments, and discharged the responsible functions that devolved upon him, with credit and honor to himself and to the satisfaction of the people. Norman H. Purple, was elected judge of this judicial circuit, in 1845, and served until May, 1849, when he resigned. He was a gentleman distinguished for high legal ability and executive talents, and it was greatly against the wishes, of the people of the circuit that he quit the bench, but his professional practice was large and much more lucrative than the salary of the position, and he stepped down and out to the regret of nearly all who knew and appreciated his worth. William A. Minshall, was a native of Tennessee, and was elected to the bench in 1849, and occupied it until the day of his death, which occurred in October, 1851. He was a man of sound attain ments, and had attained eminence in his profession, and some notice, having served the people both in the general assembly and the constitutional conven tion of 1847. He was among the early settlers of this state. Onias C. Skinner, was a sound, able lawyer, and upright jurist. He, on the death of Judge Minshall, was appointed his successor, and served until 1853, in May of which year he resigned. June 4, 1855, he was commissioned judge of the supreme court. While in this posi tion he obtained considerable eminence. He resigned this office Apfil 19, 1858. Pinkney H. Walker was born in Adair county, Kentucky, June 18, 1815. His mother's maiden name was Martha Scott. His youth was passed in that portion of Kentucky, where labor is no more discreditable than it is in Illinois, and until his seventeenth yeao* he was employed upon his father's farm during the summer and attended school during the winter. In 1832 he became a clerk in a store and so continued until he left that state. In April, 1834, he came to Illinois, and settled in Eushville where he was engaged as clerk in a store. In March, 1838, he removed to Macomb and during the spring and summer gave his time to study at an excellent acad emy at that place. In the fall of the same year he commenced legal studies in the office of his uncle, Cyrus Walker. Under the careful training of such a master mind he made rapid progress and during the next year he was admitted to the bar after an examination by Judges Lockwood and Brown, of the Supreme court. He at once opened an office at Macomb with Thomas Morrison, and in 1840, formed a partnership with his un cle, his first partner having removed to Carthage. This co-partnership ended in 1842 by the retirement of his uncle from practice in the state. He continui ed to practice by himself in 1848, when he returned to Eushville, where he sub sequently, in 1851, formed a partner ship with Eobert S. BlackweU. The law firm of Blackwell & Walker was dis solved in 1853, when the former remov ed to Chicago, and the latter was elected judge of the fifth judicial district, or circuit, comprising the counties of Schuyler, Pike, Brown, McDonough, Cass and Mason. His first election was to fill a vacancy, and he was elected over his competitor against heavy odds. In 1855, he was re-elected without opposi tion. He continued in this position to the great satisfaction of the bar and 20 336 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. people of circuit until April, 1858, when Governor Bissell appointed him to the supreme bench to fill the vacancy made by the resignation of O. C. Skinner. In June, 1858, he was elected by the people to fill the same position for the regular term of nine years, and in 1867 was re elected. At both elections the political party to which he belonged was in a very decided minority, and the rival candi dates were able men, but the verdict of the people was an attestation of his tried faithfulness, and for mere political consideration would not send an upright judge from the bench. He was a third time elected in 1876, retaining the confi dence of the bar and the people to such an extent that he had no opposition. He served as chief justice from Janu ary, 1864, to June, 1867, and again from June, 1874, to June, 1875, and during the present term from June, 1879, to June, 1880. Judge Walker died at his home in Eushville, on Saturday, February 14th, 1885, mourned by all the many who knew him. He was married June 2, 1840, to Susan, daughter of James Mc Croskey, Esq., a well-known and highly respected merchant, who died in Eush- .ville in 1848. Of nine children born to them, four having gone before. John S. Bailey w,as commissioned cir cuit judge of this circuit, June 24, 1858, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the res ignation of Judge Walker, and occupied the position until July, 1861. A lengthy sketch of this eminent gentleman is given in the bar chapter of this county, he being still in practice in the city of Macomb. Chauncey L. Higbee, was first elected in 1861, and was thrice re-elected, and sat upon the bench until his death. Chauncey Lawson Higbee was born in Clermont county, Ohio, September 7, 1821, and was the son of Elias and Sarah (Ward) Higbee. He received an academic education in the county of his birth, and came to Illinois in an early day and read law with Judge Sylvester Emmens, of Beardstovm. He was ad mitted to the bar, in 1843, and the fol- loAving year moved to Pike county, where he entered upon the practice of his pro fession, and was a citizen of that county until the day of his death. He, like others of the legal profession, became interested in politics, and, in 1854, was elected to the general assembly. Four years later he was sent to the state sen ate, and while serving in that body, was elected circuit judge. His first commis sion was dated July 1, 1861, and by suc cessive re-elections, he was kept in that position until death removed him to another sphere. He was also a member of the appellate court. As a judge he is said to have had few peers in the State. His death occurred in December, 1884. The present circuit judges are S. P. Shope and J. H. Williams. Simeon P. Shope was born in Missis sippi, but was taken by his parents to Ohio while yet. an infant. In the spring of 1839 he removed to this state; after wards read law Avith Judge Purple and Powell in Peoria, and on the llth of June, 1856, was admitted to the bar. He first opened an office in Metamora, Illinois, remaining there but a short time, when he removed to Lewiston, in Fulton county, in which place he yet re sides. For many years he has had an Missing Page Missing Page HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 337 extensive practice, not only in the coun ties of his oAvn judicial circuit, but in Logan, Mason, and Cass counties he has had a large amount of business be fore the courts. In August, 1877, he was elected judge of this circuit without opposition. A polished gentleman, of affable manners, a thorough knowledge of law, quick preception and well known unpartiality, together with good busi ness, tact and executive ability, he makes a model judge, and has the entire confi- dehce and respect of the entire bar. John H. Williams was born in Quincy, Illinois, April 12, 1833, and is the son of Archibald and Nancy (Kemp) Williams. His father came to Illinois from Ken tucky in 1829, and settled in Quincy, where he entered into the practice of law, attaining much eminence. John H. Williams was educated at the Mis souri State University, at Columbia, Boone county, but leaving at the close of his junior year. He read law Avith his father and C. B. Lawrence, and Avas admitted to the bar in February, 1855, and practiced law in Quincy until the fall of 1879, when he was elected judge of this circuit. He is known as a sound laAvyer and able jurist and is concien- tious, clear-headed and deliberate, and numbers his friends by hundreds. state's attobneys. The gentlemen who have filled the office of state's or prosecuting attorney for the district of which McDonough county forms a part, deserves more than a passing notice. Like the judges they form a galaxy in which the citizens of the county may justly take pride. The first incumbent of the office was Thomas Ford, who served from the or ganization of the county until January, 1835. Possessed of high and noble qualities of manhood, a thorough stud ent, a keen, energetic, untiring lawyer, of strict integrity and high and laudable aspirations, he was universally esteemed and respected. Afterwards became judge of the northern district, and when he be came known over the state, he was chosen governor by a spontaneous movement of the people. He held this latter office during the Mormon war. William A. Eichardson, who served as stStes's attorney from January, 1835,^ until 1837. Mr. Eichardson's personal merits and characteristics are too well known to the people to require any delineation. His predominating traits were courage, unyielding perseverance and unvarying adherence to the course to which he was committed. He had command of a regiment of Illinois vol unteers, in the Mexican war, and in the battle of Buena Vista, his cap was car ried from his head by a musket ball. At the close of the war he returned home, where his services were recognized and rewarded by a generous people by an election to congress. He Avas re-elected five times. His last election was in 1860. He was also appointed governor of Ne braska, by President Buchanan. This post he resigned after a year's service. Henry L. Bryant served the people of this circuit as prosecuting attorney from 1837, to 1839, succeeding Mr. Eichard son. He was a fine lawyer and a gentle man of many excellent qualities. William Elliott, the state's attorney, served from January, 1839, till January, l'848. He was esteemed as a worthy 338 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. man, a warm friend and a good lawyer. He served in the Black Hawk war, and was wounded in a hand-to-hand conflict with a single Indian, whom he killed. He was quartermaster in the 4th regi ment of volunteers during the Mexican war, and served through that campaign. He returned to Lewistown after the war, and soon died. Eobert S. Blackwell, the prosecuting attorney, was the successor of Mr. Elliot, and served from 1848 tiU 1852. Mr. Blackwell was one of the most distin guished lawyers in the state, and is the author of "BlackweU on tax titles." Calvin A. Warren, was the next state's attorney at this court. He followed Mr. Blackwell in the office and served from May, 1852, untU August, 1853. He was a fluent speaker, an able and successful lawyer, and a popular man. John S. Bailey the incumbent of the office of public prosecutor,succeeded Mr. Warren in 1853, and filled the same with great credit until September, 1858, when he was raised to the bench. L. H. Waters was appointed prosecut ing attorney by the governor, to serve out the unexpired term of Mr. Bailey, who had resigned. Mr. Waters served until the fall of 1860, giving satisfaction to the people. In the following year Mr. Waters offered his services to the gen eral government, and served a few months as lieutenant colonel of the 28th regiment Illinois volunteers. Eesigning, he was commissioned to raise another regiment, which he succeeded in doing, and re ceived the appointment of colonel. The 84th regiment Illinois volunteers, under his command, did much excellent service. Colonel Waters made a splendid officer. and was highly respected by his officers and men. At the close of the war he returned to his home in Macomb, where he practiced his profession for about four years, when he removed to Missouri. He noAV resides at Jefferson City, the capital of that state. Thomas E. Morgan, the incumbent of the office of state's attorney above, was elected in 1860. He was a lawyer of fine abilities, and stood at the head of the bar in this part of the state. , He died onthe 22d day of July, 1867. S. W. James, the state's attorney; was a lawyer of more than ordinary abUities, and was one of the best prosecutors in the circuit. He enjoyed the respect and good will of every member of the bar. His term of office expired in 1872. Crosby F. Wheat was first elected to the office of states attorney in 1872, and re-elected in 1876. He is at present one of the prominent attorneys of Macomb, and a sketch of him may be found in the chapter of this work relating to the history of the bar. William Prentiss, the state's attorney from 1881 to 1885, is noticed at length in the chapter devoted to the bar of the county, he being one of the bright lights of that profession in Macomb. H. C. Agnew, the present state's attor ney, is a member of the Macomb bar, also, and a sketch of him is given in that connection. DAEK DEEDS. Several heinous crimes have been per petrated within the limits of McDon ough county. Among the most famous are the following: HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 339 MUEDEE OF JOHN WILSON. Some time in 1829 or 1830 Elias Mc Fadden, his son David, and son-in-law Wylie McFadden, with their families came to McDonough county and made a settlement on the southeast quarter of section 1, of what is now Chalmers toAvnship. They are generally credited with being of a quarrelsome, overbear ing nature, and nearly always in trouble with their neighbors. About the same time a man by the name of John Wilson settled on the adjoining farm. Wilson was a good-natured man, although gen erally credited with being bold and fear less, even to foolhardiness. These men were not long neighbors before the trouble began between them over some timber land lying near both of them. Threats passed between them, and finally, the necessity of killing Wilson having been seemingly settled on, all that was waited for was the opportunity. That this was a deliberate conclusion reached by these parties it is only neces sary to point to the evidence, where it was shown that at the time of the mur der, Wylie McFadden was in Eushville making inquiries of counsel there as to their liability should they kill Wilson if he trespassed on their land. Early in the month of November, 1834, there was placed in the hands of Wilson Mont gomery, at that time deputy sheriff of the couuty, a writ of execution directing him to levy upon the property of Wylie McFadden to satisfy a judgment against against him, in favor of Henton and Eobinson, merchants then doing busi ness in Macomb. Montgomery, in the execution of his duty, called upon John Wilson to accompany him with his team. that he might haul away some corn that, it was his intention to seize under the writ. Apprehending no danger, Wilson agreed to go. On their arrival at the place they were met by Elias McFadden," the father, who engaged them in conver sation. After a short talk he walked with them to the north ^ide of the house, and when he had got them in proper range, David McFadden, who was inside of the house, shot down Wilson without a word of warning. Mr. Montgomery hurried off to toAvn and gave the alarm, when a crowd of excited people at once proceeded to the scene of the murder, and found Elias McFadden coolly re pairing a fence. A short search for Wilson now ensued and he was found not very far away from the spot by Joseph P. Updegraff and others in a dying condition. McFadden was at once arrested, and search Avas made for the then unknown murderer. Searching the house, a rifle was found in the corner near the north window unloaded; a pane of glass was found broken out of the window; a book lying upon the sill, and the sash and book both powder-marked. The question now arose who committed the deed. Wylie McFadden was sup posed to be away, and David was not known to be near. Searching, footsteps were found leading from the house in the direction of the residence of David McFadden, who lived . just across the hollow on the west side. Following the tracks they were led to the door of David McFadden's house; and going in they found him at work on a shoemaker's bench, as entirely unconcerned as his father, and acting as innocently as though no cold-blooded murder had 340 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. taken place. He was at once arrested, and, in company with his father, brought to town and placed under guard, to await the result of the wound inflicted upon • Mr. Wilson. Wylie McFadden, coming home the same evening, was likewise ar rested. Mr. Wilson lingered some days before death ensued, but the wound was mortal, and there was no help for him. On his death a preliminary examination of the prisoners was held before James Clarke, a justice of the peace, and the evidence above being elicited, Elias, David and Wylie McFadden were committed to the county jail to await the meeting of the circuit court: On account of the enor mity of the offense the prisoners could not be allowed bail. On the 15th day of November, 1834, the grand jury found a true bill of in dictment against the three, and a few days afterward they were brought before the court; a change of venue Avas asked and granted, and two of the party, Elias and David, were taken the following spring (1835) to. Eushville, Schuyler county, for trial. Wylie McFadden was discharged by the judge, there being no evidence against him. George Wilson, Alfred Evans, Nelson Montgomery, Joseph Updegraff, J. W. Brattle, Moses Henton, William J. Fra zier, William Bowen, Daniel Bowen, Perry Keys and James Anderson were each placed under bonds of $300 to ap pear as witnesses in the case. In May, 1835, the case was called in the circuit court at Eushville, and Elias and David McFadden, father and son, were placed upon trial for their lives. Eichard M. Young presided as judge. Cyrus Walker, one of the ablest lawyers of this state, was the prosecuting attor ney. Upon Judge Minshall, of Eush ville, Avho was the counsel for the defense, depended the task of trying to acquit his clients, and, failing tha,t, to mitigate the sentence as much as possible. The trial lasted for several days; Mr. Walker exerted all his powers to weave around the murderers a chain of unim peachable testimony. Judge Minshall defended in a most admirable manner, doing all for his clients that it was pos sible for man to do, but without avail. The latter in his speech charged the judge, the attorney for the people, and the jury, also, of not prosecuting, but persecuting his clients. As was expected, the jury brought in a verdict of murder in the first degree, and upon Judge Young devolved the duty of pronouncing the sentence of death. This was done, and in due time, upon a scaffold, erected in a hollow near the city of Eushville, Elias and David McFadden paid the penalty for the crime committed. The following verbatim copy of the death warrant of the McFaddens is in serted in this place as a criminal curios ity. It and the bill of costs and expenses are now on file in the court house in Macomb : STATte OF Illinois, \ Schuyler County J The People of the State of Illinois : To the Sheriff of said county. Greeting. Whereas, Elias McFaden hath lately been indicted of the crime of murder by him done and committed in the circuit court of McDonough county and hath been arraigned tried and convicted iu the circuit court of the said county of Schuyler, of the said crime in HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 341 due form of law; and whereas judgment hath been giveu in our said court that the said Elitis McFadden shall be hanged by the neck until he is dead, aud that execution of the said judgment be made and done upon the said Elias McFaden on Monday, the sixth day of July, A. D. 1835, between the hours of ten o'clock in the morning and four o'clock in the evening of said day, at some convenient place in the vicinity of Rusli- ville, in said county, in the usual manner of inflicting punishment in such cases; and whereas execution of said sentence remain eth y^t to be done: We therefore com mand you that ybu take and convey the body of the said Elias McFaden in safe cus tody to the place of execution on the said day between the hours aforesaid, aud that you then and there cause execution to be done upon the said Elias McFadden in your custody, so being in all things according to the said judgment, and this you shall iu no wise omit at your peril and return of this writ as to the manner you execute the same. Witness, the Hon. Eichard M. Young, Judge of our Circuit Court, at [seal] Rushville, this third day of July, A. D. 1835. Hart Fellows, Clerk. On the back of the paper, Sheriff Haydon made the following endorse ment: Executed the within as command ed at 2 o'clock P. M. July 6th, 1835. Thos. Haydon, Sheriff of Schuyler County, 111. For serving. Returning, $5 00 Accompanying this is the following bill of costs, each item marked with an "x," probably indicating payment: bill of costs. List of persons acting as guard to the jail in Schuyler county during the conflnement of Elias McFadin, David McFadin and Wily McFiidin: From 31st May to 6tli July in evening — X.Perry Keyes, two days aud nights. No. 1 $ 2 00 X Elijah Hayden, 15 days and nights. No. 2 15 00 X Hamilton, three days and nights. No. 3 3 00 X Sam'l Greeu. 4 nights. No. 4 . . . 2 00 xPh7,?ps}2night,No.5 150 X C. Smith, 8 nights. No. 6 4 00 X Robert Points, 6 nights. No. 7 . . . 3 00 X Wm. N. Traner, 12 days and nights. No. 8 ...,....••... . 12 00 X Davis, 1 day and night. No. 9 . 1 00 X Wm. Boyd, 6 nights. No. 10 ... . 3 00 X John G. Taylor, 3 nights. No. 11 . 1 50 X James Means, 4 nights. No. 12 . . . 2 00 X Thomas Tyra, 4 nights, No. 13 . . 2 00 X John Greeu, 2 nights. No, 14 . . . 1 00 X Silas N. Jones, 6 days and nights. No. 15 ¦ 6 00 X Andrew Shiva, 1 day and night. No. 16 1 00 X L. W. T. Owenby,7 days and nights No. 17 7 00 X Benjamin Gray, 4 days and nights. No. 18 4 00 X Janus Taylor, 1 day and night. No. 19 1 00 X Bowen, oue day. No. 20 ... . 1 00 X Mex Mellrose, 2 nights. No. 21 . . 1 00 X Wm. Clemens, 2 nights. No. 22 . . . 1 00 X Henry Mear, 2 nights. No. 23 . . . 1 00 X Rufus Elsey, 4 nights. No. 24 . . . 1 00 X Furgason Graham, 4 nights. No. 25 2 00 X Wampler, 1 day and night. No. 26 1 00 X William Munson, 4 days and nights. No. 27 2 00 X John Norvel, 1 night, No. 28 . . . 50 X Christ. Johnson, 1 night, No. 29 . • 50 X Joseph Haskell, 1 night. No. 30 . . 50 X George W. Penney, 1 day and night. No. 31 1 00 X John Dougherty, 2 nights, No. 32 . 1 00 X Theodore Laughlin, 1 day and night. No. 33 1 00 342 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. X Edwin Lougley, 2 nights, No. 34 . 1 00 X Robert A. Brastleton, 1 night. No. 35 50 X Seeley Owen, 6 nights, No. 36 . . . 2 00 X Luke Owen, 7 days and nights, No. 37 ... 7 00 X Wm. Hayden, 11 days and nights and one day, No. 38 11 50 Total $102 10 I hereby certify that the above is a correct list of the names of the Persons standing Guard, and of the time of serving. July 6. McDonough county Dr. to Thos. Hayden, S. S. C. 111. for the higher of waggon to hawlling prisoner to Gal lows to be executed ... $2 00 To hawUng planck & timber for gallows ..¦•.... 1 50 To making two shrouds ... 1 50 To cords for hanging .... 1 00 To bawling corps 4 Miles in the country 2 00 Gallows 12 00 Executing and returning . . 10 25 MUEDEB OP JAMES DYE. On the evening of the 27th of May, 1854, it was reported that James Dye, a wealthy farmer living in the western part of the county, had been murdered! The neighbors of the deceased, assem bled and on investigation it was found that the report was true. He had been killed while lying in bed. An inquest held upon the body by S. H. McCand less, county coroner, resulted in a verdict rendered by the jury, that the deceased came to his death by violent and unlawful means, and that by the hands of his wife, Eebecca Dye, assisted by two ac cessories, David B. Burress and S. P. Eay. All three of these wer-e arrested and thrown into the county jail to await a proper hearing before the circuit court. On the 10th of October, following, the case was laid before the grand jury, who found a true bill of indictment against all three of the parties, but when the case was called in the circuit court, then in session, a continuence was asked, and granted until the next term of the court. At this term a change of venue was asked that the case of Daniel P. Burress to the court in Warren county, and that of Mrs. Dye to Fulton county, both of which were granted. There not being sufficient evidence against S. P. Eay, a nolle prosequi was entered, in his case, and he was discharged from custody. At the April term of the circuit court in Fulton county, Mrs. Dye was placed at the bar and plead "not guilty." The trial lasted nine days, and was probably the most exciting one that ever took place in that county. The court room was crowded at every session. The counsel for the prosecution, or the "peo ple" as the court terms it, were among the ablest of this section of country, consisting of Messrs Goudy, of Fulton county; Wheat, of Adams; and Schofield and Mack of Hancock. No less able were those of the defense, Messrs. Manning, of Peoria; Kellogg and Eoss, of Fulton; and Cyrus Walker, oi McDonough. William C. Goudy opened the case, in an able manner, for the people. A full account of this speech would be interesting, but space forbids its inser tion here. He said to the jury: "You are called upon to discharge the most solemn duty that ever devolved upon man, in the discharge of which involved the life or death of a human being. The evidence they had to offer was purely circumstantial. No living being was HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 343 known who saw the inhuman crime com mitted. But circumstantial evidence, in many cases, was better than positive testimony — the guilty mind always acts inconsistent with its innocence, and this marks out its own accusation. This is one of God's marks upon crime. To hunt out, follow up, and arrest a crim inal are its daily uses. By its aid the police of our cities are constantly bring ing to light and arresting the perpetrat ors of evil deeds, who would otherwise continue their crimes unmolested. The prisoner before you is indicted for the murder of her own husband. The de ceased came to his death by a blow upon the head from an ax or hammer, or from a slung-shot in the breast, or from both. Three persons are named in the bill of indictment, but you have only to inquire as to the guilt of the prisoner before you. We expect to show acts and words between Burress and the prisoner that Avill show their connection with the mur der, and bring to your mind uncontro- vertable evidence of the prisoners guilt. Should we do so, you have but one duty to yerform, and that we shall ex pect at your hands." The opening for the defense was made by Cyrus Walker, of Macomb, one of the most brilliant lights that illumed the bar of this county. His remarks were sub stantially as follows, which will show the gist of the whole case: "The arrangement has been made by the counsel for the defense that I should make the opening statement. I agree Avith the gentlemen that this is an im portant case. You, gentlemen, are to de cide a momentous question. The Em peror of the Eussias possesses no more power over the life of his subjects than you have over the life of that lady. Her life is in your hands. You can hang her up between the heavens and the earth, or you can send her home to her chil dren, from- whom she has been torn by the iron rule of the law. You must ex pect the case will.be somewhat tedious; the issues involved are such it cannot be otherwise. That woman before you, whose life you hold in your hands, is ac cused of an unnatural crime. The dif ference between murder and manslaugh ter has been fully and accurately stated to you by my friend, and it is in your province to find her guilty of either, if the evidence should thus convince you. Certainty, beyond a reasonable doubt, is required in all criminal cases — the law rejects preponderance. James Dye, the deceased, was a man between 70 and 80 " years of age. He was married twice. By his first wife he had twelve children. Six years ago he was , married to the ac cused, by whom he had three children, one at the breast at the time of his mur der. On Saturday, the 27th of May last, he was found dead in his bed, shot through the breast, and his skull frac tured just above the left eye. As is very natural in such a case, there was much anxiety to find out the perpetrators of the deed. Suspicion took the smallest cir cumstance and magnified it; and the nat ural disposition in every community to find out the cause — that restless, eager energy that seizes every point — directed attention toward the accused. I warn you, gentlemen, against such restless eagerness, against that suspicion that blights without investigation, and con demns without proof. There is no con- 344 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. test here, but as to who murdered Dye. James Dye was a large farmer, a hard working man. I am bound to do justice to the living. I must speak of the faults of the dead. • The deceased was an hon est, industrious man, but he sadly neg lected the education of his children — their moral and intellectual training was unprovided for; while his great aim was to accumulate property. He had fre quent quarrels with his sons, fights and law suits. These engendered a bitter feeling between them, which often led to violence. After the old man's death, the boys were active to show the prisoner's guilt — they charged her with the mur der and hinted of circumstances to cast suspicion upon her. The old man died intestate. There was a large dower com ing to the prisoner. They had various motives to induce them to be forAvard in settling opinions against the accused. Knowing their previous quarrels, they sought to divert suspicion from them selves, and have sought every means to throw the guilt upon the prisoner. . The prosecution has stated the rules of evi dence. I wish only /to add, as the enor mity of the crime increases, so the char acter of the proof should be more cer tain. There never was a greater error committed than that from the pen of Dr. Paley, when he said that circumstantial evidence could not lie. It was a fine theory, and having received the sanction of so great a mind, has been handed down as incontrovertible. One ounce of sober sense upon such a point is better than the speculative wisdom of the world. Eemember, you are not to en quire who murdered James Dye, nor, if she didn't, who did ? You are only to decide as to the prisoner's guilt." This speech was considered one of his best efforts. Some 80 or 90 witnesses who had been summoned were examined and cross-ex amined. As outlined by the above re marks of the attorney for the prosecution, it was endeavored to prove criminal in tentions between Mrs. Dye and Burress, and that they, to carry out their designs, or to shield themselves, made way vrith the old man. They succeeded in making out a very strong case against the ac cused. The defense, on the other hand, brought forward witnesses to prove the good character of their client, showing how she many times acted a-s peace-ma ker between the old man and his sons; how the old man regarded her as worthy of all confidence, giving her all the money she wished for, and making her his "banker," as he said; how that, in nature, he could live but a little while, and that his intention was to leave all his property to the accused and her chU dren; that the supposed facts, as set forth by the prosecution, was entirely in consistent with the state of affairs as they existed. The witnesses having been all examined and all the evidence laid before the court, the case was ably ar gued by the opposing counsel with all the forensic eloquence that was at their command, and the case given to the jury, who, after being out some fifteen hours, brought in a verdict of guilty, but as at first they had stood four for acquittal, and eight for conviction, they compro mised by sentencing the prisoner to five years in the penitentiary. Mrs. Eebecca Dye was removed to the state penitentiary, but was pardoned out HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 345 by the governor of the state before the larger half of her sentence had been served, on account of uniform good con duct; and on the recommendation of the warden of the prison. She returned to this county, and taldng up her residence in Macomb, lived there until her death, which occurred in 1874. KILLING OP WILLIAM H. EANDOLPH. On the 1st day of November, 1864, oc curred one of the most terrible tragedies recorded in the annals of McDonough county. In July of that year the presi dent of the United States issued his proclamation for an additional number of men for the United States service; and further ordered that if the call was not complied with by volunteers Avithin 50 days from date of said call, drafting should be resorted to. Each state in the Union was divided into districts and sub-districts, and to each was assigned their just quota. A record of all enlist ments heretofore made had been kept and each district properly credited with all volunteers reporting therefrom. Mc Donough county was in the ninth dis trict, and Captain B. F. Westlake, of Mount Sterling, Brown county, was made provost marshal. On the 15th day of June, 1863, William H. Eandolph, of the city of Macomb, received the ap pointment of deputy provost marshal, and was re-appointed September 28, 1864, commission to date from Septem ber 15, 1864. About this time notice was given to the various sub-districts in the county that upon the 6th day of October; the draft for the townships of Eldorado, Emmet, Hire, Sciota, Indus try, Bethel, Lamoine, Chalmers, Scot land, Mound, Walnut Grove and New Salem, would take place at Mount Ster ling, and requested that committees should be appointed from each toAvnship to attend the drawing to see that it was fairly conducted. According to notice, the draft took place and a list of drafted men immediately forwarded to Captain Eandolph. Upon that list appeared the name of John Bond, of Hire township. Mr. Bond was duly notified, and failing to report according to the statute made and provided, was considered a deserter, and it became the duty of Captain Ean dolph to arrest him as such. Accord ingly on the morning- of the 1st day of November, 1864, he proceeded to Blan dinsville for that purpose, arriving there a little before daylight. About sunrise, he met Bond in the saloon of Chris. Sappington, and to him he had come for him, and asked him to go peaceably with him to Mount Sterling. This Bond re fused to do, saying that he would not go and fight for the niggers, and that the quota of his township was full, and it was unnecessary. Mr. Eandolph told him he must go. Bond went out of the saloon, followed by Eandolph, going over to the hotel of his brother James. Here they were met by Miles, another brother of John, who said to him, "Your horse is ready; it is time to take a ride." Mr. Eandolph then placed his hand upon John's shoulder and told him he was his prisoner. Upon this. Bond drew his pistol, fired at Eandolph, and then ran. The latter returned the fire, and followed him out the door, where they were again met by Miles, who also fired at him. Eandolph then turned, and the Bond brothers jumped on their 346 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. horses and fled the country. Eandolph was shot in four places, two fliortal wounds being infiicted. He was taken to the house of a Mr. Hudson, where he died in about eighteen hours after being shot. Drs. Emery and Durant, of Blan dinsville, and Jordan, of Macomb, were called in, and all that could be done for his relief was attended to, but all in vain. Coroner Sullivan held an inquest on the remains on the 3d of November, the jury returning a verdict that he came to his death at the hands of John Bond and Miles Bond, aided by James Bond and Tyler Eay, and that the act was without sufficient justification. The next day, the 4th, the remains were taken to Macomb, and interred in Oakwood cem etery, being followed to the grave by a large procession of sincerely mourning relatives and friends. On the death of Mr. Eandolph the citizens of the county offered a re ward of $5,200 for the arrest of the four accomplices in the murder, viz : John Bond, Miles W. Bond, James Bond, and Attilla Eay. Of this amount Mrs. Eandolph was to give the sum of $2,000. At the March term (1865) fol lowing of the circuit court the grand jury found a bill of indictment against the four above named persons implicated by the coroner's jury. The indictment against Eay, we believe, was afterwards quashed. As remarked, after having shot Captain Eandolph, the Bonds fled the country, and the attempt made to capture them at the time was unsuccessful. Nothing reliable as* to their whereabouts was learned by the public for several years. Frank E. Fowler, of Macomb, afterwards of Galesburg, Illinois, then in the em ploy of the government as United States detective, determined, if possible, to ef fect their capture. The following is the account of the capture of Miles Bond, given by a letter from him: "On Saturday, June 13, 1868, I ar rested Miles W. Bond, near the toAvn of Sonora, Hardin county, Kentucky, for the murder of deputy provost marshal William H. Eandolph, on the first da,y of November, 1864. I had been on the track of Bond about three years, but when about ready to capture him 'he wasn't there.' " Some three weeks before the arrest I located Bond at the above mentioned place, and proceeded to arrange for mak ing his arrest, which had to be done very cautiously, as he had many relatives and friends watching my every movement. So I gave out that I was going to Massa chusetts to visit relatives. The next you heard was a telegraphic dispatch from Louisville, Kentucky, that the arrest had been made. " On arriving at Louisville, Bond being a desperate man, I secured the co-opera tion of an officer, and together we pro ceeded to the place of capture. Bond had just left his house and was crossing the road, at about 5 o'clock in the morn ing, when we came upon and immedi ately seized him and clasped the irons upon him, without giving him any time to make the least resistance. He was immediately hurried off, and arrived in Macomb, Tuesday morning, June 16, 1868, just three years four months and fourteen days from the day of the mur der. "Since the murder, Bond has been HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 347 wandering all over the country, his occu pation being that of farmer, barber, mil ler, carpenter, etc. He took his arrest as coolly as could be expected. At first he had not much to say, but before ar riving at Macomb he became quite talk ative, giving all the information in regard to his life since he left the county. He had been living under the' name of Sam uel S. Walker. Shortly after arresting him I called him by the name of Miles, his given name, and he remarked to me: 'That is the first time in over three years that anybody has called me by that name.' " At the October term, 1868, the case of Miles W. Bond was called, and, on mo tion of his attorneys, a change of venue was taken to Schuyler county, and his trial had at the May term of the circuit court of that county. L. W. James, pros ecuting attorney, assisted by D. G. Tun nicliff, C. F. Wheat, L. H. Waters and J. C. Bagby conducted the prosecution, •whUe S. C. Judd, S. P. Shope, W. H. Neece, Eobert Walker and Henry Metz appeared for the defense. A number of witnesses were examined on both sides, and the case ably argued by the attor neys. The fact of the killing of Ean dolph by the Bonds was clearly proven, and not denied by the defense; in fact, the defendant himself did not deny the charge against him, and in the trial of his brothers, John and James, some two years afterwards, at Macomb, swore to the fact. The attorneys for the defense made the foUowing points: First, There is no record of a draft having been made. Second, At the time of the arrest of John Bond the draft was filled. The object of the conscript law was to raise soldiers. and consequently the force and object of the law was attained when the quota was full; after that the provost marshal had no right to arrest alternates who would have been dismissed if they had reported. Third, In attempting to arrest John Bond, he transcended his duties, and Bond was justified in resisting arrest. Fourth, Miles Bond, seeing the life of his brother in danger, by the law was justified in shooting his antagonist. The case was ably managed upon both sides, and after a patient hearing, it was submitted to the jury, who brought in a verdict of "not guilty." About the beginning of the year 1870, two men came to Macomb, having in charge John and James Bond, claiming to have captured them in Missouri, and claiming the reward offered for their apprehension. Doubt was entertained as to their story, it being generally be lieved it was a "put up job," the Bonds desiring to surrender, and had arranged with these men to come and deliver them up and divide with them the amount of the reward offered. It was therefore refused, and they only received about $50 to pay their expenses! At the March term, 1871, the case of John ahd James Bond was called, but on account of the absence of two im portant witnesses, the state's attorney, L. W. James, obtained a continuance till the next term. At the special term, held in July following, the case was again called, but in consequence of the sudden and violent illness of Captain B. F. West- lake, a material witness, a continuance was agajn granted to the -people. At the September term all were found ready, and on Tuesday, the 26th day of 348 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. the month, the trial began, Judge Sib ley, of the Adams district, presiding. Only two jurors were accepted out of the regular panel. Ninety-two others were summoned and examined before the twelve could be obtained. On the completion of the regular number, the trial preceded. For the people appeared L. W. James, prosecuting attorney, as sisted by C. F. Wheat and D. G. Tunni cliff. The defense was represented by Messrs. Judd & Neece. The trial lasted for three days. Twelve witnesses were examined for the people, and five for the defense. Upon the points where both were examined there was no apparent difference in their testi mony. The attorneys for the defense did not deny the fact of the killing, but based their whole argument upon the question of the illegality of the action of Mr. Eandolph in the attempted ar rest. They claimed that no such an officer as deputy provost marshal was recognized by the United States govern ment; that Mr. Eandolph was acting without due authority, consequently he was a trespasser, and in laying his hand upon John Bond he committed an assault, and therefore the killing was justifiable in law. Mr. James, the prose cuting attorney, showed from the evi dence that Eandolph was recognized by the government, that he received pay in the discharge of his duties; that Bond thought him an officer; that the com munity all acknowledged his authority; and, even if authority was denied, the murder was not justifiable and could not be. The judge read quite a lengthy charge to the jury, and they retired about four or five o'clock in the after noon. About four o'clock in the morn ing word Avas sent to the judge that a verdict was agreed upon, when he imme diately called the court to order. The prisoners were sent for, and at this un reasonable hour a verdict of "not guilty" was rendered, and John and James Bond were allowed their liberty. CHAPTER XV EAILEOADS. No factor in all the world's machinery has contributed more to - the onward stride of civilization than the building of railroads; before the rush of the iron horse on his road of iron and and steel, that which was desert wilderness and arid plain becomes, as if by magic, fertile garden and blooming orchard, the camp of the aborigine gives way to the city of his more progressive brother; the smoke curling from his wigwam door is re placed by that rising from the tall chim- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 349 ney of the white man's factory; and human toil and drudgery becomes less and less necessary to maintain a bare existence, as the railroad, with its long trains winding o'er the prairies, brings to the pioneer who has preceded it, the welcome machinery which shall there after assist in the toil his poor hands have been forced to do unaided. And though more than a score of years had passed over the heads of Mc Donough county's first settlers ere the first railroad pierced through her woods and prairies, yet her real prosperity and rapid advancement dates from that event. Previously the settlers, or those who sold to them, were compelled to haul their goods from points so remote that it seems incredible at the present day, when goods are ordered and delivered at our doors from wholesale points within a few short days. And to market the stock and products of the soil required such lengthy drives and long hauling, as often render the small remuneration then received scarcely worth the trouble. But McDonough county of to-day, like many other Illinois counties, does not want for railroad facilities. Thir teen out of the 18 townships of the county are penetrated by this greatest of all enterprises, and the balance have an easily accessible market for the pro ductions of the soil at but a few miles distant. Three lines of railroads cross the county — the Wabash, St. Louis' & Pacific, and the Eock Island & St. Louis and Galesburg and Quincy branches of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy rail road. This latter road, then known as the Northern Cross railroad, was completed from Quincy to Galesburg in the fore part of the year 1856, and was the first line of road to be constructed in Mc Donough county. As early as 1851, the subject of its construction occupied the minds of those who were favorable to the project, as a charter had been granted by the state for the erection of the same. It was proposed, under the pro visions of the charter, to build a branch of the road through McDonough county, having its terminus at Clayton, in Adams county. However, the terminus was af terwards changed to Quincy. During the days, of railroad excitement, the fol lowing extract is taken from a paper called the Independent, published at Macomb, by George W. Smith, as a cri terion of the earnest work put forth by the friends of the project: " What is to be done in regard to the proposed road from Quincy to Macomb, and from here to Galesburg? The time for stopping to consider the policy of such an enter prise has passed away; and the benefits to be derived from such means of com munication are held to be too self-evi dent to need any additional argument advanced in their favor, for who, say we, cannot see in the advanced price of land, in the advantage of a ready market, in the increased facilities of communica tion, in the spread of general intelli gence, in the cheapened and quickened mode of transportation, a sufficient in ducement to wish such an undertaking success, and say that its benefits are be yond dispute? Perhaps the facts of these truths being so plain and undenia ble, has led to the lethargy and inaction of our people. But we must awake from our stupor; measures must be taken for 350 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. the securing of stock, of having the county become a stockholder to a liberal amount; of getting individuals, who need only the solicitation of some active friend of the road, to become deeply in terested in its completion. Then, friends of the road, be up and doing; farmers of McDonough, your interests are at stake, see that you neglect them not; merchant and mechanic, your welfare, too, is bound up in this scheme — with it will come your prosperity, without it you must lose immensely! Then, again say we, let us all at work! Let our un tiring zeal and determined efforts show that we desire what we need, and must have a Eailroad." Mr. Clarke, in his history of McDon ough county, has the following in regard to the construction of the first railroad through this county: Meetings were held for the purpose of creating an interest in the proposed rail road. On Wednesday evening, Novem ber 5th, 1851, Hon. Calvin A. Warren, of Quincy, and General Darnell, of Hancock county, addressed the citizens of Macomb upon this important sub ject. A committee was appointed to confer with the directors of the road, and at an adjourned meeting the next evening it was resolved to ask the county court to appoint an election at some suitable time, at which the people could vote on the question of taking stock in the road to the amount of $50,000, At another meeting held December 1, sub stantially the same proposition was adopted, and on the second day of De cember, Hon. B. E. Hampton appeared before the county court and presented , the following resolution: Resolved, That we respectfully request the honorable county court in and for the county of McDonough and state of Illinois, to submit to the people of said county a proposition to vote for or against the county of McDonough taking stock to the amount of $50,000 in the proposed railroad from Clayton to Galesburg, and that tliey be solicited to fix upon the third Monday in the month of March, A. D., 1852, for the purpose of taking said vote. The court thereupon made the follow ing order: Therefore it is ordered by the court that the said proposition be submitted to the citizens of McDonough as requested in said resolution, and that the clerk of this court order an election to be held at the several election precincts in said county, on the third Monday in the montli of March next, to take tlie vote of the county for and against the county taking stock in said railroad to the amount of $50,000 ; and that the clerk issue the notices of said election in the time and manner required by law; and that said election be held and conducted in all respects as other genera,! and special elections required hy the statutes are held and conducted. It is further ordered that the resolutions and pro ceedings of said meetings be filed hy the clerk. The work now began in earnest. Hon. James M. Campbell, Dr. J. B. Kyle, B. E. Hampton, J. P. Updegraff, L. H. Waters, and others favorable to the road at once began the canvass. Mr. Camp bell and Dr. Kyle traveled together, making speeches in nearly every school house in the county. Being in the dead of winter, travel was almost impossible, and had to be done on horseback. Still they were undaimted, and bound to se cure the road, if possible. The oppo nents of the road were not idle in the meantime, but used every means in their power to influence the people against it. At a meeting held in Industry, ad dressed by Dr. Kyle and Mr. Camp. 0. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 353 bell, an opportunity was given in which to hear objections, when the Hon. Cyrus Walker boldly took a stand against the road, and, not content with that followed the gentleman to Pennington's Point, and in a speech of an hour's length, en deavored to show the fallacies of the ar guments advanced in favor, and made many objections against the proposed im provement. The recollection of the gigan tic failures of the state in its system of public improvement had not been for gotten, and Mr. Walker endeavored to show what might be the consequence should our county be so unwise as to vote the proposed aid. In answer tp this plea. Dr. Kyle reminded him of the story of the woman who sent her little girl out to attend the fire in the oldfash ioned brick oven, while she prepared the dough for baking. Not returning, the mother became alarmed and went out to look for her. The fire was burning brightly in the oven, but no child was to be seen. Hearing a cry of distress around the other side of the house, the alarmed mother hastened to the place, supposing her child to be in great dan ger. She found her weeping bitterly, and hastily inquired: "My daughter, what is the matter?" "O, mother," said she, "I was just thinking if I was a great big woman, just like you, and was married, and had a little girl, just like me,^and while I was in the house mak ing bread, I should send her out to fix the fire, and she should come out, with a smile upon her face, and crawl right into the fire, and get all burned up, what a terrible thing it would be!" At another meeting held in Industry, as an illustration showing the flimsiness of the opposition against railroads and other improvements, the doctor told how certain Germans and others living on the line of a proposed canal opposed it on the ground that they had a large amount of money invested in horses and wagons, and if the canal should be built, there would be no employment for them. The canal was built, and they found they could obtain just as much employ ment as before, and at better prices. Mr. Walker, in reply, spoke of the doc tor taking to water, and boasted of driv ing him into the Miami canal, and stated that he would acknowledge that canals were a public benefit, but not so rail roads. He was then asked why it was that no canals were now being built and railroads were being made throughout the whole land. This was not answered. At a public meeting in Macomb, held in the court house, Mr. Walker remarked that he had been informed by a couple of prominent merchants in the town that one train of cars could carry away all the surplus products of McDonough county raised in one year, or that David Eall and Harry Perry, two well known teamsters in the town, could likewise re move all its surplus produce, carry it forty miles to a market and return it with all the merchandise required by the inhabitants. Such being the case, said Mr. W., what use have we for a railroad; of what benefit will it be? He further, if the audience desired to know the names of the two merchants he could give them; they were Jonathan H. Baker and John W. WestfaU. Mr. Baker was a very strong opponent of the road, and in March, 1852, contributed an article to the McDonough Independent relating to 21 354 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. a pretended conversation overheard in the postoffice between farmer Bangs and , one of the committee appointed to can vass the county in aid of the proposed road, in which the farmer has the best of the argument, of course. At Blandinsville one of the speakers compared this section of country with that between Chicago and Galena, the latter country having a railroad, the former none. In one year from the time the railroad was completed between Chicago and Galena the country lying along its roilte increased in population 300 per cent., and in wealth 400 per cent., and asked if it could be accounted for in any other way than on account of her rail roads. Del. Martin, a prominent citi zen of the place, suggested it might be on account of that country being settled by the Yankees. Ever afterward the speaker made good use of Mr. Martin's reply to his question. When in a neigh borhood composed principally of those emigrating from the south he would ask them if they would acknowledge such a conclusion was correct. "Have these Yankees," said he, "more enterprise than you?" Is that the way you ac count for this prosperity? No, sir; it all results from their having the ad vantages afforded by a railroad." When in a Yankee settlement, he would ask them if they could not see the force of Mr. Martin's reply. " These Yankees," said he, "understand fully the laws of trade, and naturally go where they will be sure of a good' market for their pro ducts. In this they show their shrewd, common sense. Will you not f oUoav and profit by their example?" As the day of election drew near. those favoring the road were fearful of the result. The county had not been thoroughly canvassed, and the people were slow to vote aid for any purpose. If the question could be brought squarely before them in order that they might see the advantages to be derived in the building of the proposed road, there could be no doubt of securing a majority of votes in aid of its construc tion. It was therefore resolved by friends to secure, if possible, a postpone ment of the election. A petition to that effect was presented to the county court, and that body, on the 6th day of March, 1852, revoked their former order for an election on the third Monday in that month, and made order for an election Saturday, May 22, for or against taking $50,000 stock in the Northern Cross railroad. Eenewed efforts were now made by the friends of the road, Avho worked day and night, for its success. As a result there were 817 votes cast for, and 644 against issuing the bonds, a majority in its favor of 173. The McDonough Inde pendent, in speaking of this vote, says: "It may not be generally knoAvn that old McDonough polled 200 more votes than at any former election. This vote should stimulate to action every citizen of Mc Donough, for it is a sure and certain in dex of the growing prosperity of our county. We venture the prediction that in 10 years from this date we will, in number, almost double the vote just polled. ' So, look out for the cars when the bell rings.'" This prediction was more than fulfilled in eight years, viz: In 1860 the vote of the county was 4,638, or more than three times the number in HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 355 1852. This shows the value of the road. A year or more passed away, and still no road. Its friends were almost in despair, and its enemies jubilant, the soothing phrase, "I told you so," was repeated over and over again to the friends of the road until it became almost monotonous. The difficulty in securing eastern capital was the only im pediment in the way, capitalists could not realize it would be for them a judi cious investment. The president of the road, Hon. N. Bushnell, made repeated visits east to secure this aid, but without success. The first contract made by the road with this county was to the effect that, in its corporate capacity, it should subscribe $50,000 to its stock, issuing therefor its bonds, having 30 years to run, and bearing six per cent, interest. We presume arrangements were made Arith other counties on the proposed line of the road upon the same conditions. Mr. Bushnell found it utterly impossible to obtain money to complete the road upon such terms. The question now arose as to what should be done. Must the road be allowed to fail ? Its friends said "No;" its enemies said, "How can you help it?" Individual subscriptions to the amount of $52,500 had been secured in this county for the building of the road, thus shoAving that our citi zens felt a great interest in the success of the enterprise. It must be borne in mind that at this time there was not to exceed 8,000 inhabitants in the county, and they were of the poorer class, and to them this was a large sum. Arrangements were finally made with eastern capitalists upon conditions thought favorable by Mr. Bushnell, and upon the 29th day of June, 1853, at a meeting of the board of directors of the road, held in the city of Quincy, the fol- loAving resolutions were passed and cer tified to the county court of McDon ough county, at a special session held in Macomb July 6, 1853: Resolved, That in locating and constructing the railroad Jrom Quincy to Galesburg, the faith of the company is hereby pledged that the loca tion shall be so made as to make Macomb, in McDonough county, a point on the line. Resolved, That in case McDonough county will, in its corporate capacity, in lieu of the $50,000 already voted, subscribe $75,000 to the capital stock of the company, payable in bonds hearing eight per cent, interest, the company Avill agree to pay until the road is put in opera tion the whole distance from Quincy to Gales burg, all the interest which may accrue on said bonds, over and above the $3,000 annual interest which would accrue on the bonds already voted, SOthat no additional tax will he required in con sequence of this increase of the county sub scription. The interest thus advancefl and paid by the company to be hereafter refunded out of tlie surplus dividends which may be declared on the county stock, after providing for the in terest thereafter accruing on the bonds. The board thereupon passed the fol lowing order : Whereas, by an act of the legislature of the state of Illinois, entitled "An act supplemental to an act entitled 'An act to provide for a general system of railroad incorporations,' approved November 6, 1849," the several counties in tlie state are authorized in the manner therein pro vided to subscribe to the capital stock of any railroad company then organized or thereaf ter to he organized under any law of this state, to an amount not exceeding $100,000: And whereas, the court has been requested by a large number of respectable citizens and voters of this county to take the necessary steps to procure the vote of this county, at the earliest practicable period, for or against the subscrip- 356 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. tion by tlie said county of $75,000 to the capital stock of the Northern Cross railroad company, for the purpose of aiding in the construction of the raili'oad of said company from the city of Quincy, on the Mississippi rivea, to the town of Galesburg, in Knox county. And whereas, it is the opinion of this court, and, as they believe, of a large majority of the citizens and voters of the county, that the early completion of said railroad is of paramount im portance for the future growth, improvement and prosperity of the county ; and that it is their interest and duty to aid by all reasonable means and to the extent of their ability, in raising the means necessary to secure the success of this important enterprise. It is therefore hy the court ordered, unani mously, that Isaac Grantliam, Esq., the clerk of this court, be directed to give such notice as shall be lawful, of an election, to be held in the usual place of voting in tbe several precincts of said county, on Saturday, the 20tli day of Aug ust, A. D. 1853, for the purpose of ascertaining tlie wishes of citizens, voters of said county, in reference to the subscription of said county of $75,000 to the capital stock of the Northern Cross railroad company ; for the purpose of aid ing the construction of said railroad from Quincy to Galesburg ; said subscription to be paid in the bonds of said county at their par value ; and payable 20 years after their respective dates to the Northern Cross railroad company, or bearer, with interest at the rate of 8 per cent, per an num, payable semi-annually, according to inter est coupons to he thereto annexed ; both princi pal and interest being payable in the city of New York ; "and said bonds to be issued to the said railroad company from time to time, in dis charge of the regular assessments made on stock subscription, as they may fall due. Said election to conform to the provisions of the act mentioned in the foregoing preamble ; and to be held and conducted in other respects, and the yotes counted and returns thereof made, by the judges and clerks of said election, as in elec tions for state and county offlcers. And it is also further unanimously ordered, that in case the citizens and voters of the county at said election shall duly authorize a subscrip tion by the county of the said $75,000, to the capital stock of said railroad company, for the purposes aforesaid, that the former vote of the county to subscribe $50,000 to the stock of said company, shall thereby be revolted, cancelled and annulled. The friends of the road went immedi" ately to work, the result being, when the vote was counted upon the evening of August 20th, there were 1,145 votes for and 285 against the stock. The city of Quincy, but a few days before, by a vote of 1,132 to 3, voted an additional $100,- 000, making a total amount for that city of $200,000. By the contract with the Northern Cross railroad, the bonds and coupons given in aid of the said road, were made payable in New York. At the Septem ber term, 1859, of the board of supervis ors, it was ordered that the coupons, due the foUowing January, should be paid as usual. At the December term this or der was rescinded, in consequence of a decision having been rendered by the supreme court ofthe state declaring that cities and counties have no right to make bonds issued in aid of railroads payable in the city of New York, and that coun ties and cities, by such decision, are not legally bound on contracts to pay mon eys anywhere else than at the city or county treasury. Contracts made to pay such indebtedness elsewhere than at said treasury are void, as the statutes of the state of Illinois do not authorize cities and counties to make a contract payable at any other place than at their treasury. In March, 1860, in the supreme court, or the United States district court, suit was commenced by Van Hoffman et. al. against the county. At the June term HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 357 of the board of supervisors Hon. James M. Cam{)bell was authorized to employ counsel, and, in the name of the county, to defend this suit. Mr. CampbeU em ployed Messrs. Goudy & Waite, of Chi cago, to take charge of the case. Before a trial was had the supreme court of the state, in a trial between Johnson vs. Stark county, in a great measure over ruled and revised the above decision. On learning this, Messrs. Goudy & Waite advised Mr. Campbell to pay the judg ment which would be rendered against the county in the case, and it was accord ingly done. In the fall of 1855 the iron horse made its first appearance in the county, and by January, 1856, the road was completed to Galesburg, where connections were made with the Central Military Tract railroad to Chicago. From this date McDonough county has continued to make rapid progress, and we are fully convinced that no one regrets the aid rendered, though by the foreclosure of the mortgage on the road the entire amount of stock taken by the county, and by individual citizens, was lost. Property advanced rapidly in price, em igration poured in, new farms were opened, and a market was obtained for all surplus produce raised. CHAPTER ,XVI. AGEICULTUEAL, OLD SETTLEES AND OTHEE SOCIETIES. The subject of the organization of a county agricultural society began to be agitated quite early in 1854; but it was not until the following year that the same was consummated. On the 16th of April, 1855, several of the citizens of the county, who were interested in the agricultural and mechanical arts, met at Macomb, for the purpose of effecting an organization, having for its object im provement in the same. W. J. Merritt was called to the chair, and S. K. Pedrick appointed secretary. Eemarks were made by various persons, and the feasi bility and importance of the proposed organization discussed. A constitution and by-laws were then adopted, and the following officers elected for one year: Thompson Chandler, president; Joseph Lownes, William Brooking and S. K. Pedrick, vice-presidents; L. H. Waters, corresponding secretary; Joseph E. Wyne, secretary; and Joseph P. Upde graff, treasurer. An executive commit tee was, also, appointed, and books opened for membership. All these en tered upon their duties at once, and the success being assured, a fair was an nounced to be held on the second Thurs day in October, to continue two days, 358 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. and a list of awards made out. Thomas Camp, a practical farmer of the county, was engaged to deliver the address. The old college grounds were obtained for the purpose of holding the fair. In speaking of the exhibition, the Macomb Enterprise, of October 25, says: " Our county fair exceeded our most sanguine expectations. The weather was delightful, and the attendance on both days Avas very large. What surprised us most was the number of articles on exhibition." Then followed a descrip tion of some of- the most important, among which was Cy. Lawson's 800 pound pig, Broaddus' plows, Harker's hay rake. Price's washing machine, Har ris' churn, some " 'orful' pumpkins, po tatoes, wheat, and the handiwork of some of McDonough's fair daughters." The officers were all continued, and a fair an nounced for Thursday and Friday, Octo- tober 9 and 10, 1856. This exhibition was an improvement upon the other, and it has been remarked that all exhibitions since have continued to improve. The exhibition was held at the same place as the year before, but the ground was found entirely too small for the purpose. Thomas E. Brannen delivered a most excellent address, and all were well pleased with the success of the society. The next year, 1857, the fair was held in the pasture of Thompson Chandler, in the northwest part of the town. Like those previously held, the fair was a suc cess in almost every respect, and it was determined that renewed efforts should be made to make the society efficient and permanent. The grounds were leased from Thompson Chandler, fenced and cleared for the purpose of holding the annual exhibitions, in which the people all manifested considerable interest. The fourth annual fair was held on these grounds, which are now known as the old fair grounds, and was well attended. For the first four or five years two days was all sufficient to exhibit the few articles placed on exhibition. After this the society required three, then four, then five days, ahd after that the entire week was required to satisfy the thou sands who annually attended the Mc Donough county fair. The society has been uniformly fortu nate in its choice of officers. Thompson Chandler, the father of it, exerted him self nobly ?to make its exhibitions suc cessful, and great credit is due to him for carrying it through the first years of its existence. Messrs. Joseph LoAvnes, J. P. Updegraff, William Pointer, Amos Dixon, and E. C. Knapp have each labored to promote the best interests of the society. Joseph Burton, as secre tary, was an indefatigable worker, spend ing a great amount of time and money to bring the society up to its present high standard. In 1867 the society purchased their present grounds just south of the city, on which they have made improvements, including price of land, of over $10,000. They now own the finest and most con venient grounds in the state, and year by year, as their means will warrant, will continue to improve them. For the past nine years the society has been singularly unfortunate, as all their fairs have been droAvned out by rains. Six times they were held in the last week in August, and twice in the first week in September, to avoid this HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 359 but six times it commenced raining Tuesday afternoon, of each fair week, just after everything had been placed upon the ground. The society, of course, had all the premiums to pay, as they have done every year. During the most of the time of the rainy fairs. Dr. W. O. Blaisdell was president of the association, and they thinking perhaps he was the Jonah, C. V. Chandler was chosen in his place, but it is said that year it rained worse than ever. This of course would not do, so another gentleman was chosen, a strong church man, and no wheels of fortune or other gambling games were allowed upon the ground. But Jupiter Pluvius proved, again, unpropitious and the rains descended worse than ever. The society have paid all premiums in full every year until 1884, and owing to their ill fortune are considerably in debt, but the managers are enterprising and plucky and hang on Arith the "hope of making it a success. The present of ficers are as follows: J. B. Venard, president; George W. Barker, vice pres ident; W. H. Hainline, secretary; and C. V. Chandler, treasurer; G. W. Eeed, Joseph W. Mcintosh, A. V. Brooking, James T. Eexroat and W. O. Blaisdell, directors. At the last meeting some dis cussion was had as to the price of the gate fee. W. S. Taylor favored 25 cents, Dr. Blaisdell insisted on it being kept at 40 cents. Captain Sam Frost made a speech favoring 25 cents. Captain Eeed also favored the lower rate, J. W. Mcin tosh had heretofore favored the higher rate but now he felt disposed to favor 25 cents. Gardner Chandler also favored the lower rate; A. K. Lodge was the next gentleman to speak, and he insisted that 25 cents was the proper sum at which to fix gate fee. W. H. Hainline spoke on the pending question but did not indi cate his preference as to the amount to be charged; George W. Barker expressed himself in favor of the 25 cent admission fee. A vote was taken and it was de cided to make the gate fee 25 cents. MC DONOUGH COUNTY STOCK ASSOCIATION. In 1870, the McDonough county stock association was regularly incor porated, and held its first exhibition in July of that year. Exhibitions were also held in 1871 and 1872. In 1873 the asso ciation failed to have an exhibition, and the following year it united its fortunes with the agricultural society, and the two combined are now known as the McDonough county agricultural and stock association. BUSHNELL AGEICULTUEAL AND MECHAN ICAL ASSOCIATION. During the summer of 1879, several gentlemen feeling that a fair for the ex position of agricultural productions, and for mechanical implements more or less connected with husbandry, could be suc cessfully operated at Bushnell, after a due canvass of the matter proceeded to effect an organization, under the name of the Bushnell Agricultural and Me chanical association. The following gentlemen were chosen as the first offi cers: Louis Kaiser, president; S. A. Epperson and George W. Solomon, vice- presidents; J. E. Chandler, treasurer; D. F. Chidester, secretary; S. A. Hen dee, C. C. Morse, D. N. Wisherd, M. L. Walker, I. Hanks and James A. Gardi ner, directors. Grounds were at once 360 HISTOEY OF 'MoDONOUGH COUNTY. procured and fitted up, and all prepara tions made for holding their inaugural fair. This took place on September 23, 24, 25 and 26, 1879, and was a pronounced success. The rate of admission being fixed at the popular price of 25 cents, caused many to attend that would not had it been higher. Everything passed off as pleasantly as possiblej and this, the first fair of the association, will long be remembered. From the very start the fairs have been a success, but from the time Avhen J. E. Chandler was made president, he with his push and enter prise more than doubled the interest in its welfare. Each year witnessed the annual gathering of the worthy agricul turists, artisans, merchants and profes sional men of the county, and each year all pronounced the fair superior to its predecessors. The sixth annual exposi tion was given on September 29 and 30, and October 1, 2 and 3, 1884, which was largely attended. The following is a list of the officers for the last year : J. E. Chandler, president; A. H. Eoman, general superintendent; Ira Applegate, marshal; S. Eaymond, superintendent of cattle; M. L. Walker, of horses; D. M. Bethard, of sheep; A. J. Tiger, of swine; W. C. Pinkley, of poultry; J. C. Cadwalader, agricultural implements; J. J. Campbell, of mechanic arts; A. L. Sparks, of farm products; T. F. Seibert, of manufactures; H. T. Clarke,of needle work; E. K. Westfall, of merchan dise; J. B. Cummings, of fruits and flowers; B. F. Pinkley, of wines, dairy and culinary; Ed. C. Pierce, of fine art collections; P. E. Perrine, of birds and baby class. This fair was the most suc cessful of any yet held. OLD SETTLERS ASSOCIATION. One of the most enjoyable affairs is the reunion of the pioneers of any given locality. For the purpose of providing for stated meetings, associations of old settlers have been formed in almost every county throughout the length and breadth ofthe land; especially is this true in all the states west of the Allegheny mountains; states that have been settled within the present century. These asso ciations have done, and are doing much for the preservation of historical events, and as such are surely commendable. The lessons of the past teach us the du ties pertaining to the future. The fires of patriotism, the love of country or of home, is strengthened by a narration of such important events as tend to stir the blood or quicken to life those diAdne af fections in man. Many a youth has chosen the life of a soldier from reading the accounts of the great battles and glorious deeds of an Alexander, a Han nibal, a Napoleon, a Wellington, or oui- own brave and noble Washington, The lists of statesmen have been augmented by the example of a Pitt, a Webster, a Clay or a Calhoun. Patriotism and love of country have been awakened by read ing the sublime utterances of Pati-ick Henry, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Doug las. The love of home, Ioa'C of parents and kindred have been strengthened by oft- told tales of aged fathers or mothers, es pecially of that pioneer father or mother who toiled early and late, hard and long, in order to give their descendants the priceless boon of a home of plenty and of peace, of refinement and love for God and humanity. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 361 The pioneers, in gathering together in these annual re-unions, seem to live over again the early days. Their eyes spar kle and they grow young as the fading reminiscences of other days are recalled. As well stated by a speaker — himself a pioneer — at a meeting in a neighboring county: " You come together with varied emo tions. Some of you, almost at the foot of life's hill, look back and upward at the path you have trod, while others, who have just reached life's summit, gaze down into the valley of tears with many a hope and fear. You, gray- headed fathers, have, done your work; you have done it well; and now, as the sunset of life is closing around you, you are given the rare boon of enjoyment, the fruits of your own labor. You can see the land won by your own right arm, from its wilderness state, and from a savage foe, pass to your children, and your children's children — literally " a land flowing Arith milk and honey;' a land over which hovers the white-robed angels of religion and peace; a land fairer and brighter and more glorious than any other land beneath the blue arch of Heaven. You have done your work well, and when the time of rest shall come, you will sink to the dream less repose with the calm conciousness of duty done." Pursuant to a notice published in the papers, a number of the old settlers of McDonough county assembled at Camp bell's hall in Macomb on the 15th of July, 1869, for the purpose of renewing acquaintances, talking over old times, and organizing an Old Settler's associa tion for McDonough county. The meeting was called to order by James M. CampbeU, and on his motion Major John M. Walker was called to the chair. L. A. Simmons was appointed secretary, protem. Mr. Campbell stated the object of the meeting, and offered the following resolution, which was adopted, without debate: Eesolved, that each old settler of McDonough county, now present, give to the secretary his name, place of nat ivity, age, the date of his settlement in McDonough county, and the place of his present residence. William S. Bailey offered the follow ing resolution, which was on motion, adopted: Eesolved, That all persons living in McDonough county, who have lived in this state 33 years, may become mem bers of the Old Settlers' society. The following gentlemen then came forward and presented their names, to gether with the information desired: J. M. Walker, J. H. Campbell, W. C. McKamy, Samuel McKamy, Orsemus Harrington, Levi Hamilton, James M. Campbell, James B. Kyle, John Clarke, W. W. BaUey, J. W. WestfaU, S. A. Knott, Loven Garrett, Silas Creel, Eli sha Ferguson, Willis B. Gordon, E. H. Broaddus, J. W. Brattle, H. T. Gilfrey, W. E. Withrow, James E. Simpson. Joshua Simmons, W. W. McCord, B. F. Naylor, WiUiam Pennington, Charles Creel, William Cannon, B. F. Martin, C. W. Dunsworth, John Friend, J. H. Atkinson, William S. Bailey, Joseph P. Updegraff, W. H. Hays, M. C. Archer, Joseph E. Wyne, David Clarke, James Clarke, J. A. Creel, James Willis, James Chamberlain, Samuel Dodds, Samuel 362 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Wilson, Joseph McCroskey, and Abner E. Barnes. ' On motion of James M. Campbell it was Resolved, Tliat a committee of three from each township in McDonough county he ap pointed, to report at the next meeting, a list of old setilers of this county, in their respective townships, the nativity and age of eacli ; when they settled in the county, and their present res idence. The said lists to contain the names of all persons, male and female, who settled in Mc Donough county prior to July 15, 1836. In accordance with the foregoing res olution, the chairman appointed the fol lowing named gentlemen as the com mittees: Eldorado township — Thomas Ausberry, H. Foster and William 8. Campbell. New Salem — Salem Woods, J. B. D. Hemin- over and Richard Pennington. Mound — Thomas J. Creel, David Kepple and William Jackson. Bushnell — Samuel A. Hunt, William Hamil ton and J. L. Anderson. Prairie City — D. R. Hamilton and G. T. Liv ingston. Walnut Grove— W. W. Stewart, D. Campbell and John McSperritt. Macomb city and township — U. 8. Hamilton, J. M. Campbell, J. B. Kyle and J. A. Creel. Scotland— J. M. Walker, J. H. Campbell and James Willis. Industry— T. J. Pennington, G. A. Taylor and D. M. Creel. Bethel — Samuel Wilson, James Archer and John Dunsworth. Chalmers — C. W. Dunsworth, T. B. McCor mick and John Friend. Emmet1>-H. S. Head, B. T. Naylor and George G. Guy, Sciota — W. B. Clarke, John Logan and John S. Campbell. Blandinsville — Harrison Hungate, R. Grigsby and Q. C. Ward, Hire — Vandeveer Banks, Charles Martin and C. Hungate. Tennessee — J. H. Atkinson, J. J. Lawyer and S. Cockerham. Lamoine — John Weir, Charles Hill and John Twidwell. A motion was made that the chair ap point a committee of five to draft a con stitution for the Old Settlers' association, together vrith appropriate resolutions, with the request that they report at the next meeting. This being carried, the chairman appointed James M. Camp bell, James B. Kyle, James W. Brattle, William S. Bailey and Joseph Upde graff as members of the committee. Joseph E. Wyne was elected secretary of the society, a collection was taken up, and the assembly adjourned, to meet, in the same place, August 14, next follow ing, at 1 o'clock P. M. On the day appointed, many of the pioneers of the county appeared at the county seat, and after taking part in the ceremony of laying the corner stone of the new court house, assembled at the hall and were called to order. The com mittee appointed at the last meeting for the purpose presented the following draft of a constitution, which was unani mously adopted: Article 1. All citizens of McDonough county, who have resided therein 33 years, or who have resided in the state of Illinois 33 years, and wlio are now residents of said county, by giving their names, place of birth, age, and residence, become members of this association. Article 2. The officers of the association shall be a president, a vice president for each town ship, il secretary and treasurer — whose duties shall be such as usually pertain to those offices — who sliall he elected hy a majority of the mem bers present at each annual meeting, and shall hold their offices for one year, and until their successors are elected and qualified. Article 3. The above named officers shall constitute an executive board, who shall have HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 363 power to call special meetings of the associa tion, to fill vacancies in the offices, when any occur, and shall have power to transact any busi ness in the name of the association which they may deem necessary during recess. Article 4. The secretary shall keep a fair record of the proceedings of the association and executive hoard, in a book provided for the pur pose, and therein to enter the full names of each member, place and date of birth, age, date of residence in Illinois, and date of residence in the county, present place of residence and occu pation ; he shall give public notice of all meet ings of the association. Article 5. The treasurer shall hold all mon ies of the association, and shall pay the same only on the order of the executive hoard, at tested by the secretary, and shall annually re port the same to the association. Article 6. The vice president in each town ship shall be a a committee to present the claims of the association to the old settler citizens, and obtain their names and forward for record of membership to the secretary. Article 7. Any flve members of the executive hoard shall constitute a quorum to do business after notice duly given of a call meeting of said association. Article 8. The meetings of the association shall be held annually on the 29th of September, but the executive board shall have power to call special meetings at such times and places as they may determine. Article 9. The executive hoard shall desig nate a badge of membership to be worn by each member at all meetings of the association. Article 10. This constitution may he amended at any annual meeting of the association, or an adjourned meeting by a vote of two-thirds of the members present. After the adoption of the above con stitution, balloting for officers took place, resulting in the choice of the following: President, John M. Walker; vice presi dents, Daniel Stockton, Frank Hammer, Eobert Kepple, Charles Cheesbro, S. A. Hunt, D. M. Creel, J. H. Campbell, James M. Campbell, Daniel Crabb, David Campbell, William Venard, J. Sullivan, WiUiam Naylor, W. B. Clarke, Charles Hills, Larkin C. Bacon, Vande ver Banks and William Hardesty ; Charles Chandler, treasurer; Joseph E. Wyne, secretary. For many years annual meetings of the association were held, and a great deal of pleasure was the result of these reunions. Of late years, for some cause or other, these have been entirely sus pended and the society has been allowed to slumber. The increasing years of its founders, the many removals by death of its members have all doubtless con tributed to this end, but some hopes are entertained of its revival in the near future. THE PATEONS OP HUSBANDRY. [By W. H. Greene.] This order, which was instituted ' for the social, mental, moral and material improvement of the agriculturist, and has accomplished so much for the farm ers of the nation, and is still strong and flourishing in many localities, met with severe reverses in this county, in its business features, causing an indiffer ence and neglect in maintaining the local organizations, and consequently that of the county. Many of the lead ing farmers of the county were active workers in this order and refer Arith pleasure to its prosperous days, to the early associations for social and mutual benefit, the many meetings of the sub ordinate and county granges and the great mass meeting celebration held at the fair grounds in Macomb July 4, 1873, which was the largest meeting of any kind ever held in the county — so 364 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. said the Prairie Farmer. The proces sion extending for four miles. Here 10,000 people listened attentively to ad dresses from C. C. Buell, W. H. Greene, A. Hanson and William Hunter upon the objects of the order and the benefits of united action. This immense dem onstration was viewed with wonder and amazement ,by the people, and as a source of power by the politician who sought to gain favor or capture the new organization for his party. As an order, its principles prohibit the discusssion of or interference with either partisan poli tics or religion. Still many of its mem bers, as individuals, and very unfortjin- ately for the order, were in favor of the new anti-monopoly party ; and while many of the leaders of the old political parties knew better, some were sincere, and the cry was raised to break down or capture the Grange. .The new anti- monopoly party, then mainly formed from the farmers' clubs, got the ascend ency by an alliance with the democracy who were persuaded to drop their party organization for the time, and the new party elected its officers in this county, among which were some grangers. At once it encountered the hostility of the republican party, and no doubt many sincerely believed the grange Avas polit ical and secretly aiming to control politics. As master of the county grange for four years, and also of the local grange, I never allowed any discussion of partisan politics or religious sects. The first grange was organized at In dustry in the winter of 1872-3 with John Downen, master. He was the first dep uty in the county; and soon followed Mound, Bushnell, Adair, Oakwood, Friendship, Wiley, Bardolph, Maple Grove, Eldorado, Walnut Grove, Fan don, Hire, Scotland, Pennington's Point, &c. On the 14th of February, 1873, 14 granges met, through delegates, at In dustry, and organized the central asso ciation P. of H., of McDonough and ad joining counties. W. H. Greene was chosen master, and Mr. Halliday, secre tary. The next meeting of the associa tion was held at Bushnell, in Union hall, in the summer of 1873, and was repre sented by forty-two granges from this and every adjoining county, Arith the fol lowing officers: W. H. Greene, master; O. Crossan, secretary; executive com mittee, D. D. Pearce, Bushnell ; Thomas Seaburn, Adair, and George Meadows, Industry. The association met quarterly, and after the Bushnell meeting, all others were held at the court house in Macomb, and so continued through 1873 and '4 until 1875, when the change in the national and state grange by-laws formed the county or fifth degree, Po mona Grange. A good and strong organization was made from the association to the county grange, which existed from 1875 to 1879) holding its regular quarterly meetings, similar to the old association, but more systematic &c., forming a link between the local and state orders. Officers were elected annually. W. H. Greene was elected and continued as master, and Win. Hunter treasurer, during the exis tence of the organization which ended in 1879, when the incorporated stock company, called the McDonough county Grange and Commercial agency, sus pended on account of loss of funds by HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 365 its agent, T. J. Beard, who was unable, we believe, toaccouiit for some $1,500 or $2,000, in his hands as manager. W. M. Kirkpatrick, George W. Eeid and T. C. Kirkpatrick, were secretaries during the time. The county grange, composed of del egates and members from the various local organizations in the different town ships, numbering at one time forty-two, met quarterly in the court house, at Ma comb, for the discussion of various top ics. From the programmes , of Decem ber, 1873 and December, 1874, I note the foUoAring: Cheap transportation, L. F. Smith. Shall we keep an account of our business? G. W. Eeid. Ought our farmers work more than ten hours per day? T. L. Bowen. Equality of prices, Thomas Bailey. What fruits shall we cultivate? D. D. Pearce. The encouragement of home manufactures, W. H. Greene. How shall we guard our interests against rings and monopo lies? Jas. Manley. Farm management in rotation of crops, W. M. Kirkpatrick. Essay, the cultivation of the vegetable and flower garden, Mrs. W. H. Greene. I make a record of our work so the reader in future years may see the real work of the order in educating the farmer, it being, really, a farmer's in stitute. The stock company, was char tered Jan. 31, 1876, under the laws of the state of Illinois, on the application of the following commissioners, selected by the county grange, viz; Wm. Hunter, G. Furchtbar, Daniel Ferster, Jas. F. Bradford and William H. Greene, with a capital stock of $3,080 with the privilege of increasing is to $20,000. The purpose for which it was formed is set forth in the charter as follows : "The object for which it is formed is for the purpose of dealing in agricultural im plements, general household supplies and goods, dealing in and storing and shipping grain, dealing in live stock and shipping the same, and with power to sue and be sued. The amount of each share shall be $10. The number of shares shall be 308 Arith the privilege of increasing it to 2,000. James Manley, E. N. Hicks, L. F. Smith, W. H. Greene and Wm. Hunter, were ,the first directors. John Myers was elected the second year in place -of L. F. Smith, and the others re-elected each year. On the organization of the board, February 12, 1876, Jas. Manley was chosen president, W. H. Greene, secretary, and Wm. Hunter, treasurer, J. T. Beard was appointed agent. The company handled agricultural imple ments, groceries, hardware, &c. Dur ing the first eight and one-half months, a business of $20,000 per annum was transacted, and the directors declared a dividend of 10 per cent, on stock and stockholder's purchases. The second year the agent reported sales about as large as the previous year, but could not account for some $1,500, and with failing health and at his own request, was discharged, and C. H. Friend appointed agent. With some bad debts made by the first agent, the business of the company was badly crippled. The directors individually furnished $500 cash to continue the business, but found it impossible, and on March 15, 1879, an assignment was made. Thus closed an agency which had saved many hundreds 366 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. of dollars to the farmer, and might, un der an efficient agent, have continued. Mr. Beard's loss and making bad ac counts so crippled the company that the new agent, although efficient and strictly honest in the management, could only keep the business alive. The McDonough county grange was among the first to send relief to the starving people of Kansas in December, 1874, having collected three car loads of flour, meal, meat, beans, dried fruit, etc., and sent their own men with the stuff, who arranged the distribution of the same, viz: W. H. Greene, Thomas Fulk erson and G. G. Venard. On their ar rival at Topeka, Kansas, and reception by Gov. Stover and the state relief com mittee, they reported three car loads of provisions for the sufferers. The gover nor's office "was filled with applicants from various counties for immediate re lief, and great was the enthusiasm and joy expressed on that occasion. This was most opportune, arriving early, be fore the bulk of aid was received. It was a scene never to be forgotten, and occurred while the committee were de vising plans to relieve the hungry and needy sufferers. Expressions of grati tude were made, and applause, loud and long, when Mr. Greene had finished his remarks, reporting the donation of Mc Donough county grange, Illinois. Every heart was full to overflowing, and the audience, for the time being, seemed melted in tenderness and in love and sympathy. We felt that it was indeed "more blessed to give than receive," and though the order seems to have fin ished its work here, it has educated the mind and prepared the people, perhaps, for something to follow, we trust, and, like the Washingtonians, Sons of Tem perance, &c., passed away, to let early ideas crystalize and form higher and en larged efforts for the progress of truth and right. I cannot close this tribute of respect to the noble brothers and sisters of the order here without congratulation for the good work done and regrets for its close, and assure them of my sincere love and regard for every true patron, and will here record the names of some of the earliest and most active workers in the order: Foremost of them is John Downen, for four years overseer of the Illinois State Grange; WUliam Hunter, James Manley, H. L. Eoss, E. N. Hicks, F. F. Myers, E. McClure, M. F. Worley, G. W. Eeid, T. C. Kirpatrick, W. M. Kirkpatrick,D.E. Ferster,Milton Knight, L. F. Smith, J. Greene, Squire Logsdon, Job MarshaU, G. G. Venard, Thomas Fulkerson, L. B. Moui-ning, Joseph Sul livan, Joseph Hindman, Eoss Manly, J. W. Swartzbaugh, G. Furchtbar, and many others who have been pillars in the order in this county, and have worked nobly to assist their fellow farmers, re membering that amid all that is good and beautiful in nature, there is nothing that blooms with such lustre, there is no per fume on earth fraught Arith such fra grance as tl;ie flowers of good works and the sweet smelling savor of that pity which feels the wants and relieves the distresses of others. NATIONAL GRAND ORDER ANTI-HOESE THIEF ASSOCIATION. In September, 1863, a few citizens of Clark and Scotland counties, Missouri, and one other, from Iowa, me^ at Luray, HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 367 Clark county, Missouri, and framed the first constitution and by-laws and ad journed to meet at Millport,Knox county, Missouri, in October following, at which time a number of influential citizens of Scotland, Clark, Knox and Lewis coun ties of Missouri, and also of Lee, Van Buren and Davis counties of Iowa, not more than twenty in all, were present. The constitution and by-laws framed at Luray, were adopted at this meeting; the first election of grand officers of the A. H. T. A. was had, and were as follows: Major David McKee, G. W. P.; WiUiam Beach, G. W. V. P.; WUliam Everhart, G. W. S.; Wm. .Grant, G. W. T.; H. L. McKee, G. W. M. The meetings of the grand order were held at Memphis, Mis souri, till October, 1871, when they met at Bonaparte, Iowa; sub-orders repre sented, 21; membership, 627; October, 1873, -at Farmington, Iowa; sub-orders represented, 18; membership, 571. At this meeting Brother George Sansom was elected G. W. P., and served six years Arithout intermission; October, 1875, at New London, Iowa; orders rep resented, 40; membership, 1,176; Octo ber, 1876, at LaBelle; orders, 64; mem bership, 1,932; October, 1877, at Au gusta, Illinois; 96 orders; membership, 2,370; October, 1878, at Keokuk, Iowa; 113 orders; membership, 2,720; October, 1880, Keokuk; 176 orders; membership, 4,042; October, 1881, Keokuk, Iowa; the order was divided into state grand or ders, the G. W. P.'s of the several states forming a national grand order which met at Palmyra, Missouri, September 20, 1882. The Illinois state grand order sprung from the above national grand order,. and has jurisdiction over Michigan, Indiana and all territory south of the Ohio and east of the Mississippi rivers. In Octo- tober, 1881, the grand order, as it then was, had become too large to transact, with the proper dispatch, the business that necessarily came before it. This, with the fact that it was of a necessity too remote from many of the orders, in deed, it became necessary to change the grand order into district or state grand orders. The first annual session of the Illinois state grand order was held at BushneU, in October, 1882, Avith G. W. Hays, of No. 44, G. W. P. ; J. C. Mariner, of No. 44, G. W. S. ; sub-orders repre sented, 27. At which meeting the fol lowing officers were elected: G. W. P., A. L. Sparks, No. 44, Bush nell. G. W. V. P., AVm. Patterson, No. 158, Jacksonville. G. W. V. P., G. W. Eose, No. 1, So nora. G. W. S., L. B. Sperry, No. 124, Bush nell. G. W. T., J. C. Cadwalader, No. 44, Bushnell. G. W. M., M. W. Green, No. 45, Eush ville. » G. W. D., Jacob Money, No. 44, Bush neU. Delegate, W. C. Carlin, No. 58, Jack sonville. The second annual session of the grand order was held in circuit court room, at Jacksonville, October 10, 1883, where the foUowing officers were elected: A. L. Sparks, No. 44, G. W. P., Bush nell. Wm. Patterson, No. 158, G. W. V. P., Jacksonville. 368 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. L. B. Sperry, No. 124, G. W. S., Bush nell. J. C. Cadwalader, No. 44, G. W. T., Bushnell. S. D. Brown, No. 6, G. W. M., As sumption. G. W. Eose, No. 1, G. W. D., Sonora. Sub-orders represented, 32. The next meeting of the grand order will be on the second Wednesday in Oc tober, 1885, at 10 o'clock, a. m., at Eush ville, Schuyler county. No. 124, A. H. T. A., is located at Sperry' s school house, Mound township, McDonough county, Illinois. In 1878- 79, horse thieves, house thieves, tramps, and cut throats got so bold and numer ous in this vicinity that the law abiding citizens were almost compelled to take the law into their own hands, and mete out summary justice as law abiding men do, when the right authorities fail topro- tect their homes and property. As many as ten or eleven horses were stolen in the immediate neighborhood, in the space of a year and no one brought to account; houses broken into and women in their daily work, insulted or ordered around at the sweet will of the tramp. Such was the condition of things, when William Stines, Jacob Daney, D. B. Sperry, H. H. Nance, Milton Shrieves, John Smick, Jacob Zimo, David Doner, J. W. McDonough, Clarke Sperry, E. A. Adams, A. M. Sperry and others banded together and, organized, under a state charter, what is now known as Subordi nate Order No. 124, which now numbers upwards of 50 of the best citizens of the Mound and adjoining townships, and it is a significant fact that not a single animal has been stolen from any mem ber since the organization of the order. The order broke into an old nest of thieves for thieving done before the or der existed, and one of the gang is now serving a four years term at Joliet, and another was pardoned out in 1881. But members of that same gang said they would rather have all the constables of the state after them than a single order of anti-horse thieves, as they never give up or compromise, and so perfect and simple is their organization by means of national grand order, state grand orders and subordinate orders, that within two hours after a theft has been committed, men (honest old farmers) may be put to work, or on the lookout, with full in structions in almost every township, county and state, in the Union, and it is only a question of time, when it, com bined with the other detecting associ ates will make thieves and other law breakers seek other occupations. The following is a list of the first officers of No- 124: William Stephens, W. P.; Jacob Daney, W. V. P.; H. H. Nance, W. S.; L. B. Sperry, W. F. S.; E. A. Adams, W. T.; E. W. King, W. M.; D. L. Donner, W. D. K. The officers of the association for 1884-5 are as follows: E. H. Sperry, W. P.; C. E. Sperry, W. V. P.; William Sperry, W. S.; L. B. Sperry, W. F. S.; A. Hoagland, W. T.; P. W. Moore, W. M.; J. W. Emick. W. D. K. Missing Page Missing Page HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 371 CHAPTER XVII. EDUCATIONAL. Schools, of some sort, were estab lished many years ago ; but the eye of history has furnished no lens sufficiently powerful to enable us to determine when ^or where the first one was located. It appears like a fixed star, which is lost in the nebulse of mythology, and obscured from our vision in the vista of distance. Schools of astronomy were in operation in Babylon over 3,300 years B. C. An academy of scribes and philosophers was an existing institution in China a thousand years later. Schools of archi tecture, astronomy and magic were in operation in the time of Moses, among the Egyptians, and hfe was educated therein. Schools of philosophy fiour ished in Judea 2,000 years B. C. The schools of Greece date back to the siege of Troy. The first Eoman school was a military academy, established 667 years B. C. How these schools were con ducted, we have but little means of knowing. In many countries they were state institutions for the benefit of the royal court. The magic wise men, sooth sayers and prophets of those ancient countries were not ignoramuses, es pecially gifted as many suppose, but were educated men — learned in the knowledge of their age — so as to fit them for royal counsellors. Most of these schools were kept secret from the masses, and as much mystery and won der were thrown around their inmates as possible. These were seats of the ora cles and court prophets, Arithout whose. sanction kings rarely commenced or prosecuted any great enterprise. In the more republican nations, teachers gath ered their students in grove's, temples, market places, porches, or by the sea, and taught them by conversational lec tures. Books were unknoAvn. The art of printing slumbered in the then dis tant future. Even letters had not been born out of hieroglyphic characters. Education was confined to the royal reti nue. The masses were ignorant, and purposely kept so, in order to insure subordination. It was realized many years ago that ignorance only would de mand and submit to despotism. After the discoveries of Gallileo, edu cation made rapid strides toward popu larization. He being repudiated and persecuted by the royal authorities, be came the people's educator ; and the progressive ideas by him promulgated, caused America and the Pacific isles to be discovered and settled — brought forth the art of printing, unfolded the pro testant religion and infused a general spirit of research throughout Europe. After this the graded system began to be introduced into academies and col leges; but the common schools received but little benefit therefrom until within 22 372 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. the last half century, when Prussia took the lead in the enterprise. A committee appointed by the crown reported that "it was advisable to educate all classes, for the encouragement of piety and religion, in order to lessen the police force of the nation." Public schools were accord ingly established for all classes. The common people flocked in, and it became necessary to erect new and more com modious buildings, and to provide an in creased number of teachers. To meet this demand the graded system was adopted. It was found that where one teacher had but one grade of -pupils, he could give instruction to about twice the usual number — be more thorough, and advance them much faster than by the ungraded method. The German states, Switzerland, Po land and Massachusetts rapidly changed from the ungraded to graded system, especially in towns. In Switzerland and some other of these European nations, children are required to attend the public schools regularly ; in default of which they are taken from their parents by the state, educated and bound out to learn a trade, or are put into the army. In some of the countries it has been found that the decrease in the cost of criminal prosecutions since education has been popularized, more than defrays the entire expenses of their public schools. In our own country, the his tory of education has been varied. Mas sachusetts and Ehode Island established public schools at an early day. In many places it was considered as necessary to build a house for their teacher as for their pastor. Situations were not put up at auction and knocked down to the lowest bidder, as is done in quite too many cases at the present time; but the most discreet persons were selected and invited to take vacant places. In most of the colonies, no system of public schools were adopted. Here and there a private school, patronized by the rich, were all that could be boasted of. But in those colonies where public schools were sustained, and where education was most generally diffused throughout the masses, there liberty raised its first voice, and there the largest per cent of soldiers volunteered for the revolutionary army. It is a clear proposition that the Ameri can independence was the outgroAvth of schools; yet strange to say, that after our fathers had endured every privation, after the bones' of thousands of their sons and brothers had been left to bleed upon the hills and plains, where they fell in battle — when they came to form a con stitution, they neglected to do anything toward fostering the very cause which gave birth to their desire to become free, and which alone is able to foster, sustain and perpetuate free institutions! Instead of placing the superscription of the liberty they had gained upon their school houses and colleges, which gave it birth, it was placed upon the copper cent! A proposition to establish a national uni versity was voted doAvn in the constitu tional convention. % A naval and military school were es tablished by the general government soon after the adoption of the constitu tion, where students are carefully taught the explosive power of gun-powder, and the precise distance a christian can shoot at his follow christian and be sure to hit him, without a waste of ammunition! HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 373 Only three of the 13 original states made auy provision in their first constitution for sustaining education. We must not neglect to mention the fact, that our gen eral government has not always remained idle upon the subject of education. At the earnest request of our first presi dents, section 16 of all new states was at length appropriated by congress for a perpetual endowment of public schools; and large grants of swamp lands were donated to many for university and school purposes. Many of the states adopted systems of public schools for the free education of all children of a suitable age. Still, in many other states, no system of free schools has been adopted. In the early history of our country it was thought sufficient for males to learn to read and write, and for females to learn to read. In 1778, a teacher was driven from Connecticut for teaching girls to Avrite, lest they form runaway matches. The great idea seemed then to enable all classes to read the scrip tures. But as this country has advanced, as knowledge has increased, it has been found necessary to increase the ' sphere of the people's wisdom.' It was found that unless education was made to keep pace with the rapid and ever-expanding progress of the country, vice and crime would keep pace with that progress. The pulpit has been found powerless to effect any permanent reformation in such a country as this, unless the heads of its people be educated as well as their hearts. It was found that the parents, ignorant parents, must be brought to move in this matter; hence legislation has been necessary, and lectures and publications, and earnest working teach ers. By the persistent efforts of these agents graded schools have been estab lished in most of our towns, and to a limited extent in some portions of the country; still, at the present time, it would be easier to establish a mint, or even practical religion, than graded schools in townships of the rural dis tricts. Says one of the county superintend ents of this state, in his report: "Inthe United States, nearly one person out of every 5,000, is annually convicted of crime; "and among 200 convicts in 1856, only 73 Could read or write. Thus while six-sevenths of our adults can read and AiTite, three-fifths of our criminals can do neither. By careful investiga tion, it is found that of every 21 who can not read and write, one is convicted of crime, four are received as paupers, seven are habitual drunkards, and the proportion of gamblers, rioters, etc., is still greater; while only one criminal adult out of 214, and but one pauper out of 400, who can read and write is found as an average. By pushing these statis tics further,it is found that in this state, but a very small per cent, of the children at our state reform school, ever attended school punctually or regularly, if at all. Thus, it will be seen that parents, who allow children to grow up in ignorance, or to attend school at unseasonable hours, and at odd days, when no work or amusement presents itself to keep them at home, are training these children for houses of correction, for jails, for poor houses and for gambler's dens! They are instilling into these youthful minds, unsteady habits, and preparing them for 374 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. the reception of all sorts of vices, which swarm all portions of the country, like devouring wolves, seeking ever for their unsuspecting and unguarded prey. Not only is it necessary to establish public schools, and for parents to cause their children to attend regularly and punctually, but the best and cheapest system of schools should be adopted. The experience of many of the most en lightened nations show the graded sys tem to be the cheapest and the best yet devised, and hence ought to be adopted. As many grades as the number of chil dren in any locality will warrant, is found to be the best and cheapest. In the rural districts, but one grade at pres ent could be made profitable. Here let schools be established for the primary and intermediate pupils, for eight or nine nionths in the year. Parents gen erally are wiUing to spare children of these grades, and they had better be at school. In most rural districts, the larger ones can only be spared from three to five months per year. Let gram mar schools be established for these, for that number of months during the colder season. One such school to every four or six districts would be found sufficient. The cost would be far less than under the present plan, and pupils would learn much faster. In towns, the graded sys tem is pretty generally adopted. The following seem to be some of the princi pal points in its favor : It is the most thorough and rapid system ; it promotes the most perfect discipline, hence culti vates more correct habits in pupils; it permits the selection of teachers pecu liarly fitted to each grade, which renders it the cheapest system; it adopts a uni form system of text-books and course of study; it commands more respect from parents and pupils; it discourages irreg ular attendance at school; it gathers a larger number of the same grade to gether and creates more emulation in pupils ; it gives more dignity to the pro fession of teaching: it does more toward preventing crime and immorality, and lays a foundation for usefulness in the after-life of students. Many persons object to any system of public schools,because they say the child less rich have to pay taxes to educate the poor man's children. ' " Let every man educate his OAvn children," they say. Let us see : Government is instituted to protect life, liberty and property — aye, to enhance the value and security of these, and to encourage goodness, virtue and the pursuit of happiness. It has already been shown that ignorance leads to crime and all sorts of Adce, under mines free institutions, puts life in jeopardy, and renders property compar atively valueless. Now the Avealthy man is indebted to the public schools .for his wealth; strike these and their effects down, and liis wealth would fall. The rich land owned by the Ethiopian or the Apache is nearly valueless, while th^ sandy hills of Wisconsin and Massachu setts are worth many dollars per acre; now it is the ignorance of the people that renders the one valueless, and education Avliich renders the other of great value. Should the poor, Avho toil for their scanty subsistence, pay for the security and the means of rendering valuable the posses sions of the rich? The opulent constitute about one-third part of the community — and it has bpen HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 375 demonstrated that to educate their chil dren in select schools would cost as much as to educate all classes in public schools; besides, how can the wealthy expect their children to retain their moral or social purity, unless they are surrounded by a moral community. Would they rather pay the taxes that these poor children may be educated and grow up to be use ful citizens, or pay the same taxes to aid in prosecuting and punishing criminals, and live in a community of outlaws and vagabonds ? In which community would their property be most secure ? A cer tain congregation built a splendid church, with a beautiful spire towering high, and significantly pointing the people to Him, who dwelleth in immensity, and loveth and ruleth the vast infinity. They adorned it within and without — carpeted ite aisles, painted its pews, its sides and its spire — but felt "unable" to pay for a ten-dollar lightning-rod, which an in genious inventor offered to construct for them to protect it from the elements; but when the storm-god sent a thunder bolt down that spire, shattering the struc ture to its very foundation, they found themselves fully able to expend several hundred dollars in repairs; in like man ner these persons object paying a two- mill tax that their society may be pro tected from the inroad of vice, and their property from the thief and the burglar, but are ever ready to pay a ten-dollar tax to prosecute or execute criminals, who have become so for the want of an education, or a moral community to live in. The public then should educate all children at public expense, for the benefit of the public. These children will soon be. men and women, AriU be good or bad citizens, just in proportion as they are educated or left in ignorance. The pioneer school houses of McDon ough county, as was common in all new countries, were built of logs, and in some cases yet stand, rough cradles of learning that many distinguished men recall in the glamour that memory throws around their boyhood's days, as their only alma mater. These days are past and gone, and now, on every hill-top, the white frame school house rears itself, inviting the reluctant youth to follow the road to knowledge. COMMISSIONERS OF SCHOOL LANDS. When the county of McDonough was organized, in 1830, the office of superin tendent of schools had not been, as yet, created. The only officer connected with the schools under the constitution of 1818 was the commissioner of the school lands, who had charge of the funds arising from the sale of the sixteenth sections donated in each congressional township for educational purposes. This officer was appointed by the county commission ers' court, who were empowered to fix the compensation of the same. The first one to occupy this position was James Vance, Sr., who was duly ap pointed by the commissioners, at their meeting held on the first Monday in Sep tember, 1830. He was reappointed to the same office in September, 1831, and was instructed to loan all the money un der his control at not less than 12 per cent. He held this office until in the latter part of 1835, when he was called upon to pay the debt of nature. A sketch of him occurs elsewhere, and a repetition here is needless. 376 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. On the death of Mr. Vance the com missioners of the county, at a meeting held on the 7th day of December, 1835, appointed Benjamin Naylor to the office of school commissioner. This gentleman held the position for several years. Mr. Naylor was identified with the official life of the county, and was one of its prominent citizens. Some change in the laAv, in 1841, al tered this from an appointive to an elect- lYB one, and in the election of that year Isaac Grantham was chosen to fill this office. He held the office for two years. Mr. Grantham having held the more im portant office of county clerk, is noticed in that connection. In 1843, Josiah P. Gates was the next to fill the office, which he did but a short time. In 1844, Charles Chandler was elected by the people of this county to this re sponsible office, and so well did he fulfill its duties, and to such degree were his efforts appreciated, that he was re-elected in 1845 and 1847, filling the same five years. A sketch of Mr. Chandler occurs in the history of the city of Macomb, further on. At the election in 1849 J. 0. C. WUson was chosen to fill the office of school commissioner, and in 1851 was re-elected. He served the people in this capacity for four years. John O. C. Wilson, (deceased), was one of the pioneers of this county, and a prominent citizen of Macomb at an early day. He was born in Philadel phia, July 12, 1804. When quite young he learned the trade of hatter, and worked at that business in different places. In 1827, ht went to Kentucky and settled at Lebanon, Marion county and there foUowed his trade. In 1833 he came to this county and bought a farm near Macomb, and engaged in farming. The purchase consisted mostly of unimproved land, having on it a small cabin. With characteristic energy he went to work to improve this place, and there lived 18 months. He then rented it for a time and afterward sold it, the purchaser, among other improve ments, erected a saw mill, but was un able to make the necessary payments on the land, and it reverted to Mr. WUson. He meanwhile removed, to the toAvu of Macomb, and there a part of the time worked at his trade. The people soon ascertained that Mr. Wilson was the right kind of material for public places of honor and trust, and consequently he was called upon to fill many offices in the gift of the people. He was a num ber of times elected justice of the peace and school commissioner, and upon the organization of Macomb as a city, was chosen its first mayor. He was thus quite active, and prominent during the earlier days of Macomb. He died March 18, 1880. Mr. Wilson Avas married May 12, 1829, to Adeline Purdy, a na tive of Kentucky. By that union there were 10 children, five of whom are now living. Cincinnattus, married to Lucy Lane and living in Macomb; Lizzie A. who was married to O. F. Clark, (now deceased), now living with her mother. Cornelia who was married to Isaac Sell-.^ ers, (deceased), Avho also lives with her mother. Eobert Henry, married to Sal lie Gray, and living at Lebanon, Ken tucky; and Samuel P., married to Hen rietta Ervin, and living in Macomb. , HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 377 The Aridow occupies the old homestead, in the city of Macomb, which is a fine residence, and enjoys the respect and confidence of all. J. E. Simpson, was elected commis sioner of schools in 1853 and held the office two years. Mr. Simpson was suceeded by T. E. Brannen, who was elected in November, 1855, and who held that position for one term. He was an attorney of the city of Macomb where he practiced for some years, In about 1857, he left that city, going to Missouri. At the election held in November, 1857, J. G' Thompson was elected to the office of commissioner. In the follow ing year the office of SUPEEINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS. was created in 1859, Mr. Thompson was chosen to fill that office and held it un tU the 1st of January, 1862. Mr. Thomp son was, also, an attorney, partner for a time with L. H. Waters. A short notice of him occurs in the history of the bar of the county. L. A. Simmons was the next to occupy the office of superintendent of schools, being elected to the same in November, 1861, and serving until September 11, 1862, when having removed from the county, the office was declared vacant, and a successor appointed. As this gen tleman is already noticed under the head of county judges, it is needless to repeat in this connection. John Barge succeeded Mr. Simmons, having been appointed in September, 1862, by the board of supervisors, to fill the vacancy. In the fall of 1863, he was elected to the same office and filled out the term. Mr. Barge is now engaged in teaching in the city of Eock Island, Ill inois, where he has achieved considera ble success. D. Branch was the next incumbent of the office of school superintendent, occu pying the office for four years. He was elected in 1865, and re-elected in 1867. Mr. Branch came to this county in about 1861, locating at Prairie City, where he and his wife taught school. On his elec tion he moved to Macomb, where he af terwards run the Macomb normal school, for which see further on in this chapter. In 1869, L. H. Copeland was elected to this office, by a majority of 173, and held the same for one term of four years. Mr. Copeland is still a resident of this county, living in Macomb toAvnship. John M. Dunsworth was elected to the office of superintendent in 1873. He was a native of Tennessee, born October 29, 1821. In an early day he came to Illi nois, locating in Green county, where he remained for a short time, and then re turned to his native state. After some years spent there, he returned to Illinois, coming direct to McDonough county and settling on a farm in Bethel township. Here he remained till 1850, when he went to California, and while there en gaged in mining. In 1853, he returned to this county, and bought a farm on section 8, in Bethel township. He was married in July, 1869, to Mary Wallace, a native of Missouri, by whom he had one son, Ira, now living on the farm. Mr. Dunsworth held several prominent positions in the county, among which was that of supervisor. On the 29th of December, 1884, Mr. Dunsworth was called on to cross the dark and troubled 378 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. river of death, and his remains arfe in terred in the cemetery in the township of Bethel. H. A. Maxwell was elected to the of fice of county superintendent in Novem ber, 1877, arid served the people in that position for five years. Henry A. Maxwell was born near CMiz, Harrison county, Ohio, October 28, 1845. His father, Thoinas MaxweU, died in February, 1857. Two years af ter the death of his father, the mother, Ann Maxwell, removed with her family of seven children to Industry, in this county, where her parents, John and Mary Baymiller resided. Henry A. Maxwell received a good common school education. From the time of his father's death, until he was 18 years of age, he labored on a farm, contributing from his wages to the sup port of his widowed mother and her family. In the mean time he vigorously pursued his studies, and in 1863 secured a certificate to teach school, teaching his first term during'the winter of 1863 and and the spring of 1864, at what is known as the Coloma school house in Eldorado township. ' He taught at various points within the county and located in Bar dolph in 1874, where he still resides. His success as a teacher, together with the great interest he manifested in the institute and other educational work of the county, gave him prominence as an educator, and in 1877 he was elected county superintendent of schools of this county. Having served his term of four years, he was unanimously appointe'd by the board of supervisors to serve the odd year occasioned by the change in the law relative to the time of electing county superintendents. His adminis tration of the office was quite successful and the educational interests of the county were greatly advanced.' In 1883 he represented Macomb town ship on the board of supervisors and is now town clerk of his toAvnship. He also occupied the positions of village clerk and police magistrate of the vil lage of Bardolph, and in addition is a notary public. Mr. Maxwell was mar ried in September, 1867, to Mary E. Kee. Mrs. Maxwell was born in Coshocton county, Ohio, January 17, 1845, and is a daughter of William and Mary Kee, who emigrated to McDonough county in 1855. Her father died in July, 1882, and her mother resides at the old home stead in Eldorado township. Mr. and Mrs. Maxwell have nine chil dren — Ella G., born June 15, 1869; Inez A., born January 27, 1871; Thomas, born January 22, 1873; Frederic, born February 6, 1875; William A., born January 9, 1877; Walter Kee, born Jan uary 12, 1879; Harry V., born January 9, 1881; Anna M., born AprU 4, 1882, Bessie B., born February 14, 1884. T. J. Dudman, the present incumbent of the office, was elected in November, 1881. T. J. Dudman, who is now holding the responsible position of superintendent of schools of McDonough county, is a na tive of Illinois, having been born in Han cock county on the 19th day of Septem ber, 1850. His parents were Eobert and Phoebe (Mills) Dudman, the former of whom was a native of the state of Indi ana, and the latter of Pennsylvania. T. J. Dudman' s early life was spent on a farm and in attending the district HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 379 schools in his locality. He subsequently attended the high school at Bowen, in Hancock county, after which he went to Carthage, Missouri, where he completed his education. After his graduation, he engaged in his profession both in Mis souri and this state. He came to Mc Donough county in 1879, teaching his first .school here at Colchester. Subse quently, he was engaged in the schools at Industry, and two years later found him principal in the normal college at Macomb. In 1881, he was elected to the office of county superintendent of schools. His efforts toward the improvement of the schools of the county, is duly appre ciated by the people generally. There can be no doubt that to Mr. Dudman' s unceasing efforts is largely due the high position which the schools of the county have attained. In politics he is a staunch democrat, as is he also a member of the Ancient Free and Accepted , Masons. Also a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. In the fall of 1874, Mr. Dudman was united in marriage with Marietta Landson, and, as a result of this union, they have been blessed with five children — W. Ernest, Lewis A., Clarence A., George A. and Eobert Loyd. Mr. Dudman is a very pleasant, genial gentleman, and, although a resident of McDonough county a comparatively short time, he has made numerous friends. DEVELOPMENT. McDonough, like nearly all new coun ties, in its infancy was not blessed with public or district schools, and the rising generation was limited to draw what knowledge they did attain from spas modic attempts at subscription schools, that were established wherever the pop ulation was large enough to warrant the attempt, and which sprang up, and died out, with surprising regularity. The rude log cabin, now viewed by so many of the eminent men of this country, with the glamour that memory throws around boyhood's halcyon days, was the only alma mater of many of them, and the foundations of the education of most of the members of the older resident fami lies was laid in these rude cradles of learning. The 16th section of land in each congressional township, had, in deed, been granted to each county for educational purposes, but there was lit tle or no sale for land and the govern ment price, $1.25 per acre, was all that could be derived from it, and the income was therefore but small. For some years the subscription schools flourished, but in 1837, a public school was opened in the city of Macomb, and under the tui tion of Ellen Overton, served as the fore runner of the fine system of education for which McDonough county is well known. For many years the advance was slow. toward public instruction, but gradually it won its way into the estima tion of the people. In 1876, there were in the county un der 21 years of age, 14,890 persons. Of these, 10,878 are between the ages of 6 and 21, or of school age.- There were enrolled, during that year, 8,059 pupils in the various schools, showing that 2,819 or a little more than one-fourth of the number of those of school age were kept altogether from the schools; but notwithstanding this, there were but 14 females and 13 males between the ages of 12 and 21 that were unable to read or write. There were 156 school houses having a total value of $160,420. There was raised for all school purposes during that year $98,237, of which $55,566 was paid to teachers; $5,520 for new school houses; repairs and improvements, $4,763; school furni ture, $1,933; fuel and incidental ex penses, $6,550; for bonds^ $6,219; in terest on bonds, $1,030; and a sum for other expenses which, added to the above, makes a total expenditure for school purposes of $84,454, or an aver age of $10.48 for each pupil enrolled. The average wages paid male teachers outside of Macomb, Bushnell and Prai rie City was about $43 per month, and female teachers $33. The highest salary paid any male teacher was $135 per month, the lowest salary, $25. The high est paid any female teacher was $50; the lowest $20 per month. The number of first grade certificates granted during 1876 was 6; of the second grade, 352. There were 721 applicants for certifi cates, of whom 416 were females. From the last report of the county superintendent, T. J. Dudman, for the year ending June 30, 1884, a number of items have been compiled, which will best show, in tabulated form, the present condition of educational matters in Mc Donough county: Number of males in the county be tween the ages of 6 and 21 4,757 Number of females 4,634 Number of districts in the county 147 Number of graded schools. 11 Number of ungraded schools 140 Number of male teachers employed.. 79 Number of female teachers employed 225 Number of male pupils enrolled in graded schools 1,192 Number of females 1,378 Number of males enrolled in un graded schools 2,522 Number of females 2,297 Whole number enrolled 7,399 Whole number of public high schools 2 Number of hricls; school houses 9 Number of frame school houses....... 142 Number of schoolhouses built during the year 4 Number of districts having libraries.. 7 Number of volumes in same 327 Average monthly wages paid male teachers $ 47 44 Average for female teachers 29 80 Amount of district tax levy for schools 62,772 83 Estimated value of school property... 181,552 00 Estimated value of school libraries... 740 Estimated value of school apparatus 3,000 Number of first grade teachers' cer tificates issued 10 Member of second grade 143 Number of teachers' certificates to males 39 Number to females 114 Number of male applicants rejected.. 15 Number of females...., 32 Pirst grade certificates renewed dur ing the year 2 Second grade certificates 24 Number of days spent in institute work 20 Number of teachers' institutes held in the county 15 . Number of teachers attending all in stitutes 185 FINANCIAL STATISTICS. As to the financial condition in school matters, below is presented the account of the various township treasurers with the school districts, for the year ending June 30, 1884 : RECEIPTS. Balance on hand June 30; 1882 $32,950' 94 From distribution of trustees 11,584 39 Special district taxes received 57,918 69 From loans paid in 356 14 Tuition fees 166 50 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 381 Prom sale of school property 27 00 Prom district bonds for building 1,310 00 From treasurers of other townships. . .817 25 Fees of transferred pupils 14 00 Rent 17 60 Borrowed 1,379 57 Delinquent tax and interest 250 60 Total $106,792 68 EXPENDITURES. Amount paid male teachers in graded schools $7,715 70 Amount paid male teachers in un graded schools 11,194 19 Amount paid .female teachers in graded schools 15,054 45 Amount paid female teachers in un graded schools 19,510 33 Paid for new school house built or purchased 3,531 96 Paid for school house sites and grounds 15 41 Paid for repairs and improvements . . 6,804 52 Paid for school furniture 1,131 91 Paid for school apparatus 78 45 Paid for boolts for poor children 13 20 Paid for books for district libraries. . 59 15 Paid for fuel and incidental expenses 7,824 12 Amount paid clerks of district boards 194 40 Amount of interest paid on district bonds 283 33 Amount paid of principal of district bonds 2,111 64 Paid tuition of pupils transferred .... 67 97 Amount paid treasurers of other town ships 391 90 Amount of extra service, incidentals and interest 371 14 Paid borrowed money, etc 863 13 Total $77,218 90 Balance on hand June 30, 1884 29,320 78 Outstanding loans of district funds . . 253 00 Total $106,792 68 m'donough college. The first steps taken, toward the insti tution of learning, that was known by the above name, was taken in 1835, when the idea of establishing a college where more advanced scholars could receive instruction, began to agitate the public mind. Under the leadership of some of the progressive people of the county the project began to assume shape, and at the session of 1835-36 the general, as sembly was presented with a petition, numerously signed by the citizens of this county, praying for the passage of an act incorporating an educational in stitution to be knoAvn as the McDonough College. In pursuance with this the necessary act was passed by the legis lature, and was approved by Governor Duncan on the 12th of January, 1836. The act of incorporation named the fol lowing gentlemen as trustees of the col lege: William W. Bailey, Charles Hays, Moses Henton, William Proctor, James McCroskey, Joseph Gilmore Walker, George Miller, John M. Walker, Saun ders W. Campbell and Alexander Camp bell. These gentlemen commenced work in 1835 by erecting the building, which was soon completed. A full col lege course was not established then, but schools of a high grade were held in the building. Eev. James M. Chase and Eev. Stafford occupied the building for several years with a select school, as the Schuyler presbytery, who were to have the control and supervision of the college, did not feel warranted in organ izing the college course. In 1848 a judgment was obtained by McGinnis & Banks against the trustees of the col lege for work performed on the building, and under this the edifice was sold. The Masonic lodge of Macomb, knowing that the Grand Lodge of Masons of Illinois had in contemplation the foundation of 382 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. a Masonic college, purchased the build ing with the intention of offering it to the order as an inducement for them to locate the college at Macomb. At the annual session of the Grand Lodge, in the same year. Dr. J. B. Kyle, in behalf of Macomb Lodge No. 17, made a tender of it to that body, but it was declined with thanks, the Grand Lodge having decided that it would not engage in the enterprise, deeming it unwise and haz ardous. It was then tendered to the Schuyler Presbytery on condition that that body would establish and maintain therein a school of high grade, which proposition was entertained and ac cepted. The old charter having lapsed or been forfeited, a new one was then obtained, in which James M. Chase, William F. Ferguson, William K. Stew art, T. S. Vail and W. E. Talbott were named as trustees. The Masonic lodge of Macomb then nominated Eev. Ealph Harris to a professorship in the college, which was ratified by the board of trus tees on condition that Mr. Harris would take charge of the school and receive the the tuition fees as his salary. Dr. Harris, who was both a clergy man and physician — although he did not practice the latter profession — ac cepted the offer, and the school was opened on the fourth Monday in Novem ber, 1849. and continued for two years under his control. He was ably assisted in his labors by Miss Ellen Phelps. In the early part of 1851 it was de termined to inaugurate a full collegiate course, and on the llth of June, Eev. William F. Ferguson, D. D., was unani mously chosen by the trustees to fill the office of president of the college. He was to enter upon the duties of the office at the beginning of the fall term in Sep tember, at a salary of $700 per annum. A full coUege course was adopted, and the foUoAving gentlemen chosen as the faculty : Eev. William F. Ferguson, D. D., president and professor of mental and moral philosophy, political economy and evidences of Christianity ; Eev. Ealph Harris, A. M., professor of languages; Thomas Gilmore, tutor. In September, 1851, therefore, the faculty entered upon their • educational work, although President Ferguson was not formally inaugurated until the fol- loAving March. One hundred and thirty- three students were enrolled in all the departments, during the first year. Mr. Ferguson occupied his chair until the day of his death, which occurred March 15, 1853. Eev. Ealph Harris, was, by the trustees, appointed president ad in terim, until the next regular meeting of the board, and James W. Mathews was made teacher. At the regular meeting Eev. Ithamer Pillsbury was chosen pres ident, and J. W. Mathews, professor of mathematics. On account of business engagements, it was impossible for Mr. Pillsbury to take charge at once, so Eev. John C. King was appointed pres ident, pro tem. The latter entered upon the discharge of his duties and contin ued therein for a few months when he made way for the regular appointee. Under Professor Pillsbury's administra tion for a time, the college prospered fairly, but the synod of the Presbyter ian church refusing to extend a helping hand to the institution as had been ex pected, it was found beyond the power of those interested, to carry it on, and HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 383 in 1855 it closed its doors, and the prop erty reverted to the Masons, thus end ing the career of a highly useful insti tution. The building after this passed into the hands of Dr. Beverly E. West- fall, by purchase. It was sought after by several parties who wanted it for residence purposes, but the doctor hav ing the interests of education at heart, would not part with it unless it was to be used for an academy or high grade school. In pursuance with this idea he disposed of it, in 1865, to Professor D. Branch, for $500 less than he was offered by other parties, under the condition that Mr. Branch would hold a collegiate school in the edifice for ten years. The professor agreed to the terms and in the same year a charter was obtained from the general assembly for the organiza tion of THE MCDONOUGH NOEMAL AND SCIENTIFIC COLLEGE. Mrs. Branch took hold of the school, while her husband attended to the duties of county superintendent of schools, and it throve apace. On the expiration of his terms of office, Mr. Branch gave it his personal attention and it became justly celebrated throughout a wide ex tent of country for the high rank taken by its graduates. In 1878, Professor Branch disposed of the school and re moved from this state. The school is now under the supervis ion and control of Professor Whitty. WESTEEN NOBMAL COLLEGE, BUSHNELL. In the spring of 1881, 1. E. Wilson and 0. F. Holcomb, being desirous of found ing a normal college somewhere inthe state of Illinois, visited several large towns in the state for the purpose of find ing a suitable location. Among the many places visited was Bushnell, and after taking into account all of its ad vantages, including the fact of its being a railroad center, which was easily ac cessible from all directions, it was finally settled upon as the future site of the Western normal college. There was no college building, but the citizens generously secured and donated the use of the south public school build ing, then vacant, afterwards destroyed by lightning in 1882; also three halls in Cole's block, which, together with the Christian church, formed the college, buildings. This was done with the un derstanding that if the college proved a success that they would give it substan tial aid toward erecting a college build ing. The college was a private enter prise and therefore did not have the good will and nourishing care of any church or corporation, but notArithstand- ing this, the school opened July 20th, 1881, with about 15 pupils and four teachers in attendance. The number of pupils in attendance before the close of the term was about 20. I'he teachers were, I. E. Wilson, J. A. Lyons, E. P. Farr and W. E. Vaughan. Those not familiar with the circumstances, can hardly realize the difficulties under which the college labored, but before the year closed it had enrolled about 300 dif ferent students. About this time the proprietor, concluded to locate else where, and the school was taken in hand by J. E. Chandler, and sometime in the latter part of 1882, the .present site was purchased and the building begun, but 384 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. OAring to the severity of the weather, the walls were raised to but two stories that fall. Early the next spring the work was taken up and the building was com pleted the following fall. To the erec tion of this building, the citizens again contributed several thousand dollars. The college building proper is a com modious three-story brick, containing a chapel, a reading room, public and pri vate offices, six recitation rooms, besides a chemical laboratory and 20 dormitory ¦V/estern 3>Jor3m.al Colleg-e, at S-vn-slmell. rooms. The upper floor of the Chandler block is occupied by the business, art and music departments. These, together with other buildings, under the control of the college give it ample room for the accommodation of a large attendance. The school sustains 10 courses, includ ing classic, scientific, teacher's, business, preparatory, music, fine art, penmanship. phonographic and telegraphic. One feature about the college, and one likely to increase its patronage largely, is the fact that it oaviis and controls boarding halls, where board is put at actual cost, the design being to make it merely pay expenses. In this respect it is working quite a reform, and is bringing the cost of an education within the reach of all. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 385 During the present year (1885) the ave rage enrollment has been about 100 stu dents, and the college is in an exception ally healthy condition, and bids fair to become one of the foremost institutions of the state. There are now seven mem bers in the faculty, J. A. Lyons being the principal. The community and all those interested in the welfare and suc cess of the institution are deeply in debted to J. E. Chandler, who contrib uted of his OAvn private fortune and sus tained it while passing through its early existence, and is but just beginning to reap his reward by seeing it break forth into a healthy growth. A detailed account of the various public schools throughout the county are given under their proper head in the his tories of the townships, towns and cities, further on, to which the reader is re ferred. In early days schools were rare and poorly supported, but in these days the county is plentifully supplied with neat school houses, some of them elegant edi fices, and a high grade of teachers are employed, and McDonough county can justly point with pride to her system of public schools, as the truest index of the intellectual cast of her best people. CHAPTER XVIII THE BAE. Horace Greeley once said that the only good use a lawyer could be put to was hanging, and a great many other people entertain the same opinion. There may be cause for condemning the course of certain practitioners of the law, but the same may be said within the ranks of all other professions. Such men should not be criticized as laAvyers, doc tors, or the like, but rather as individuals who seek, through a profession that is quite essential to the welfare of the body politic as the science of medicine is to that of the physical well being, or theol ogy to the perfection of moral nature, to carry out their nefarious and dishonest designs, which are usuaUy for the rapid accumulation of money, although at times for more evil and sinister purposes, and which are the instincts of naturally de praved and vicious natures. None of the professions stand alone in being thus affected. All suffer alike. The most holy and sacred offices have been prosti tuted to base uses. And it would be quite as reasonable to hold the entire medical fraternity in contempt for the malprac tice and quackery of some of its unscru pulous members, or the church, with its thousands of sincere and noble teachers 386 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. and followers, in derision for the hypoc risy and deceit of the few, who simply use it as a cloak to conceal the intentions of a rotten heart and corrupt nature, as to saddle upon a profession as great as either, the shortcomings of some of its individual members. By a wise ordination of Providence, law and order govern everything ih the vast and complex system of the universe. Law is everything — lawyers nothing. Law would still exist, though eievy one of its professors and teachers should perish from the face of the earth. And should such a thing occur, and a new race spring up, the first instinctive desire of ¦ its best men would be to bring order out of chaos by the enactment and promul gation of wise and beneficial laws. Law in the abstract is as much a component part of our planet as are the elements, earth, air, fire and water. In a concrete sense, as applied to the government of races, nations and peoples, it plays al most as important a part. Indeed, so grand is the science, and so noble are the objects sought to be accomplished through it, that it has inspired some of the best and greatest men of ancient and modern times to an investigation and study of its principles; and in the long Une of great names handed down to us from the dim and shadowy portals of the past, quite as great men will be found enrolled as members of the legal profes sion as any other, and owe their great ness to a sound knowledge of the princi ples of law, and a strict and impartial application of them. Draco, among the first and greatest of Athenian law-givers, was hailed by the people of that province as a deliverer, because of his enacting laws and enforcing them, for the prevent ing of vice and crime, and looking to the protection of the masses from oppression and lawlessness. It is true, that many of the penalties he attached to the viola- lation of the laws were severe and even barbarous, but this severity proceeded from an honorable nature, Arith an honest desire to improve the condition of his fellow man. Triptolemus, his contem porary, proclaimed as laws: "Honor your parents, -worship the Gods, hurt not animals." Solon, perhaps the Arisest and greatest of all, a man of remarkable purity of life and noble impulses, whose moral character was so great and convic tion as to the public good so strong, that he could and did refuse supreme and despotic power when thrust upon him, and thus replied to the sneers of his friends: Nor wisdom's plan, nor deep laid policy, Can Solon boast. Por, when its noble blessing Heaven poured into his lap, he spurned them from him. Tfhere were his sense and spirit, when inclosed He found the choicest prey, nor deigned to draw it? Who to command fair Athens but one day "Would not himself, with all his race, have fallen Contented on the morrow ? What is true of one nation or race in this particular is true of all, viz: thatthe wisest and greatest of law-makers and lawyers have always been pure and good men, perhaps the most notable exceptions being Justinian and Tribonianus. Their great learning and wisdom enabled them to rear as. their everlasting monuments the Pandects and the Justinian Code, which, however, they sadly defaced by the immoralities and excesses of their private lives. Among the revered of HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 387 modern nations will be found, conspicu ous for their great services to their fel lows, innumerable lawyers. To the Frenchman the mention of the names of Tronchet, LeBrun, Portalis, Eoederer and Thibaudeau, excites a thrill of pride for greatness and of gratitude for their goodness. What Englishman, or Amer- can, either, but that takes just pride in the splendid reputation and character of the long line of England's loyal lawyer sons ? The Bacons, father and son, who, with Lord Burleigh, were selected by England's greatest queen to administer the affairs of state, and Somers, and Hard wicke, Cowper, and Dunning, Eden, Blackstone, Coke, Stowell and Curran, who, Arith all the boldness of a giant and eloquence of Demosthenes, struck such vigorous blows against kingly tyranny and oppression; and Erskine and Mans field, and a score of others. These are the men who form the cri terion by which the profession should be judged. And in our own country, have we not names among the dead as sacred, and among the living as dear? In the bright pages of the history of a country, founded for the sole benefit of the people, who, more than our lawyers, are recorded as assisting in its formation, preservation, and working for its per petuity? The American AriU ever turn with es pecial pride, to the great Daniel Web ster, Henry Clay, Jo Daviess, Eufus Choate, William Wirt, Taney, Marshall, and hundreds of others, who reflected the greatest honor upon the profession in our oavu country. Amoi:^ the truest and best sons of this state are her law yers, and even in this county, some of her most highly esteeemed and most re sponsible citizens are members of this noble profession. LAWYEES OP THE COUNTY. The first resident lawyer to locate within the limits of McDonough county was undoubtedly William W. Chapman, who came to Macomb in 1832. He re mained in the then little village some two or three years, when he took up his line of march westward, going to Flint Hills, as Burlington, Iowa, was then called. He was afterwards the first ter- . ritorial delegate to congress from the newly organized territory of Iowa. The next attorney to locate in the county was Cyrus Walker. He was born in Eockbridge county, Virginia, May 14, 1791. He was taken, when an infant to Adair county, Kentucky, where he resided until 1833, when he removed to Macomb, McDonough county, Illi nois, where he resided until the day of his death, which took place December 1, 1875, at the residence of Benjamin Simpson, in Scotland township. When the family first went from Virginia to Kentucky, settlers for 20 miles had to assist each other in house raising and log rolling, and for three years the father of Cyrus acted as a ranger, watching the movements of the Indians and warn ing settlers of approaching trouble. His circuit embraced several hundred miles of wild, unsettled country, and he was compelled to live almost entirely on game, and camp out at night. Several of the uncles of Cyrus Walker were sol diers in the revolutionary war. The old stocks were both Irish Presb'yterians, all of them learned in the scriptures, and of 23 388 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. stern, unyielding wills. Cyrus was mainly self-taught, there being no schools in that section of the country at that day, and from his admission to the bar he took high position as a lawyer. At that time, in that part of Kentucky, the lawyers traveled the circuit on horse back, and were a merry mess. They were getting ready to attend the Burks- ville court when Billy Owens, a man of large abUity, kind heart and a good law yer, but rough and rather dissipated, saw that Walker was not with them, when he hunted him up, and inquired the reason. Walker told him that he had no money. Owens at once gave him $15, and Walker went along, and was so successful that he paid expenses and took home $37, a larger sum than he had ever at one time possessed; and as long as he remained in Kentucky, he was the leading lawyer of that county. Several years later, when Walker was at the head of the bar, Owens, being partially under the influence of liquor, made a bitter attack on Walker, during the trial of .an important case, to which Walker made no reply, although at that day rather disposed to readily resent an in sult. Some of his friends inquired the reason. Walker told them of the kind assistance of Owens when he so much needed help, and when it did him so much good; remarking that nothing Owens could say that did not affect his integrity would be resented by him. The next morning Owens made an apology to the court for his unjust remarks to Walker. Walker's motto through life was to never forget a friendship nor do injustice to any one. Mr. Walker was heard several times say that he regretted the prosecution of the unfortunate young man that was tried, con victed and hung for a murder commit ted by him in Frederick, on the Illinois river. He always believed he could have saved the life of the young man if he had defended him; and while the case was an aggravated one, still Mr. Walker said that nothing could ever induce him to prosecute another man for murder, and he never did; but he defended and got clear a good many that deserved to be hung. Mr. Walker removed to McDonough county, Illinois, in 1833, and lived there until his death. He never moved to Iowa, but he practiced there for several years. The partiality of Judge Douglas against him, as he believed, was the cause of his going to Iowa, and his large practice retained him there for several years. Mr. Walker had no taste for office. He served two terms in the Ken tucky legislature during the great excite ment between the "old court" and "new court," because he was the most popular man on the old court side in the county, and was forced by his friends in the con test on their ticket, and carried the county by a majority of 222, when no other man on his side could have carried it. After the formation of congressional districts in Illinois, based on the census of 1840, the JoDaviess district was largely whig with the Mormon vote, but a debatable district, the Mormon vote going to the democrats. Nearly all the counties in the district had whigs who wanted to be candidates, but they were willing to give way to Mr. Walker, if he would only consent to be a candidate. Walker was then in Iowa, attending the HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 389 courts, the last one being in Lee county, lasting several weeks. His trunk was full of letters from all parts of the dis trict, urging him to allow the use of his name for congress. Amongst the letters were, at least two, from Joe Smith, and several from George Miller, then a Mor mon bishop, but who had formerly lived at Macomb, and was, while there, a brother elder in the Presbyterian church with Mr. Walker. All these letters urged Mr. Walker to be a candidate to save the district for the whigs. Smith, in his letters, pledged the Mormon vote to Walker, if he would allow his name to be used, but would not agree to vote for any other whig. Mr. Walker had steadily refused to be a candidate, until he felt that his duty to the noble whig party required him to make the sacri fice; but when he entered into the con test, he was terribly in earnest and went into the fight with a will. It was well understood by Walker and his friends, that the democracy would not give up the Mormon vote without a great effort. One of the Backinstose's was sheriff, and the other clerk of the Hancock circuit court, and Douglas was a candidate for congress in the Adams district. Mr. Walker went to Nauvoo. The next morning he called on Joe Jmith, and told him that he released him from the pledges to^ive him the Mormon vote, but in turn asked honest dealing, tell ing Smith that if it was necessary for their (the Mormons) safety from arrest by the state authorities that he should vote for Hoge, that he would tell him so, and in that event he would at once go to Galena, and spend the balance of time before the election in the northern part of the district. Joe said, with great ve hemence: "I promised you the support of this church, and you shall have it. You stay here and meet Hoge on Thurs day." Mr. Walker was worn out in the canvass, and not well, and he stopped with Joe. The joint discussion between the candidates took place, and every thing indicated that Mr. Walker would get the united vote of the church. On Saturday the voters of the church, in city and county, were called together in the grove near the temple, where Hiram Smith made a speech of about one hour, urging the voters to vote for Hoge. It was a regular democratic speech, and appeared to have no influence. He was followed by WUson Law in a bold, tell ing, whig speech in favor of Walker, and from the commencement until the end, he was cheered by the entire Mor mon audience. At the close of the speech, Hiram arose, black and furious, stretching himself to his full height, and extending his arm its full length, said: "Thus saith the Lord, if this people vote against Hoge for congress on Monday, a greater curse would befall them than befell them in Missouri. When God speaks, let men obey," and immediately left the stand; the whole audience dis persed in silence. When Walker heard of Hiram's speech he was indignant, and was for leaving Joe's house, but Joe stopped him, professing to be fur iously mad at Hiram, saying that he would himself make a speech to the peo ple on Sunday morning, and he again repeated the pledge that Mr. Walker should have the Mormon vote. The next morning Joe did speak to the peo ple just one hour, and no hour's speech 390 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. ever had closer attention. In that speech Joe passed the highest eulogy on Walker that Avas ever heard from man. He denounced politicians — declaring that Walker Avas not a politician, but an honest and a true man, that had been forced to be a candidate against his will. He denounced in the most bitter terms any member of the church who would consult the Lord about who they should vote for, and declared tha^ if any one should do it, he should be cut off from salvation; said that he would vote for his friend Cyrus Walker, and commanded all to vote for the man of their choice without reference to what any one said; but in his hour's praise of Walker, and denunciation of any one that would con sult the Lord about who they should vote for, he said: "Brother Hiram is the elder brother;" "Brother Hiram never has deceived his people;" "Brother Hi- rom loA^es this people;" "When the Lord commands, the people must obey," etc. The next day Joe did vote for Walker, and the balance of the Mormons voted for Hoge and elected him, as the Lord had commanded. This is the real history of that cam paign, so far as Mr. Walker was con cerned. It was to him a campaign of mortification from the start. He was forced into it contrary to his wishes, and forced into it largely to get the Mor mon votes; but after entering the con test he was denounced by whigs all over the district for trying to get the Mormon, and really lost more whig votes in the district than would have elected him, simply because it was supposed that he could get the Mormon vote. Cyrus was the eldest of a large family. and contributed largely to the education of his brothers and sisters, and to start ing them in business. Probably no man ever gave a larger share of his earnings than did Cyrus Walker to the education of his brothers and sisters and relations, to the church to which he belonged, and to benevolent purposes. In 1833 or 4, H. L. Bryant came to the incipient city of Macomb, and opened an office for the transaction of legal busi ness. He was a native of New York, and quite an able man, although young. In 1837 he was elected to the office of state's attorney and served two years. In 1844 or 5, he left here, and having married a Miss Sanders, of LewistoAvn, settled in that town, where he at present resides. He had a brother here Arith him at one time, who was deputy clerk under James M. Campbell, who was admitted to the bar, but never practiced. He was a dissipated sort of man, and some time afterwards killed himself by jumping out of a windoAv, at LcAristown, while in a fit of delirium, brought on by drink. Judge Pinkney H. Walker, was for many years a resident laAvyer of this county. In 1838 he came to Macomb, and in the fall of that year entered the office of his uncle, Cyrus Walker, to en gage in the study of law. He made rapid progress, and late irf the year 1839, was admitted to the bar. He opened an office and remained in Macomb in prac tice until 1846, when he removed to Eushville, but in the spring of 1848, re turned, and remained until October, 1848, when he finally left to take up his residence in Eushville. Judge Walker held the position of circuit judge from HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 391 1855 to 1858, in this circuit, and is noticed at length in the chapter devoted to the courts of the county. J. C. Thompson, now of Quincy, was, for many years a resident of Macomb, and practiced law quite successfully. He came there in about 1852 or 3. Louis H. Waters came to Macomb during the year 1849, and opened a law office. Louis H. Waters was born December 22, 1828, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In 1830, his father and family removed to Kentucky. From Kentucky, the fam ily in the spring of 1838, removed to Fort Madison,. Wisconsin territory. Louis read law at Fort Madison, in the office of MiUer & WiUiams, and in 1848 was admitted to the bar, and in 1849 re moved to Macomb, McDonough county, where he opened a law office. For the first two years of his residence at Ma comb he taught school most of the time, practicing his profession as opportunity offered. From 1851 until the commence ment of the war, Mr. Waters gave his whole time to his profession and built up an extensive practice. In 1858, he was appointed by Governor Bissell, pros ecuting attorney of the fifth judicial cir cuit, and in the discharge of his duties added to his reputation as a lawyer. Upon the inauguration of President Lin coln, M'r. Waters was offered the posi tion of U. S. attorney for the territory of Nebraska, and visited Omaha with the intention of making arrangements to settle in that city, but on the break ing out of the rebellion in 1861, he deemed it his duty to' go into the army. Governor Yates tendered him a commis sion in the 2nd cavalry regiment as ma jor, which Mr. Waters declined, but en tered the service as captain of company D, 28th infantry regiment. In August 1861, he was commissioned as lieuten- Eint-colonel of that regiment. In the spring and summer of 1862, he organ ized the 84th regiment infantry volun teers, of which he was colonel, was ap pointed commandant of the camp of in struction at Quincy. On the 23d of September 1862, his regiment was or dered to Louisville, Kentucky, and was assigned to a brigade in Buell's army, commanded by Colonel Grose, 36th Ind iana. He was with his regiment at the battles of Perryville, Stone Eiver, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Missionary Eidge, and at every engage ment from Chattanooga to Atlanta. He was severely wounded in the right shoul der at Franklin on the 30th of Novem ber, 1864, and nearly lost the use of his arm thereby. The colonel was mustered out with his regiment at the close of the war. At the close of the war he re ceived a commission as brevet-brigadier general. After the war he resumed his practice of his profession and on the death of Mr. Morgan was appointed by Governor Oglesby, prosecuting attorney for the fifth circuit. In 1869 he re moved to Carrolton, Missouri, where he soon enjoyed an extensive practice. In 1878, he was appointed by President Hayes, U. S. attorney of the western district of Missouri, which position he held from February, 1878, until May, 1882. He resided at Jefferson City un tU the fall of 1879, when he moved to Kansas City where he now resides. Colonel Waters has been a republican since the organization of that party. 392 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. He was elected to the lower house of the Illinois legislatu.re in 1854 as a whig. The colonel has been twice married. His first wife was Cordelia T. Pearson, by whom he had four children, three of whom, a son and two daughters are liv ing. His second wife was Mrs. Annie E. Wylie to whom he was married in CoAdngton, Kentucky. Among the more prominent lawyers who have- graced the bar of McDonough county, perhaps there has been but few in the past the superior of Louis H. Simmons, who came to the city of Macomb in June 1858, and opened an office. In the fall of 1859 he formed a copartnership with J. C. Thompson, which lasted three years, or until Mr. Simmons entered the army. Mr. Sim mons was identified with the official life of this county and is noted at length in connection with the office of county judge, which position he held for four years. BAK OP THE PEESENT. The present members of the bar of McDonough county, who are in active practice, are recognized throughout the state as among the leading representa tives of their profession. Indeed, some of them occupy exalted positions and have national and state reputations for astuteness and legal acumen. The fol lowing is a list of those who ornament the profession in question: William H. Neece, Damon G. Tunicliff, William Prentiss, James H. Bacon, H. M. Shan non, W. A. Twaddle, Byron Pontious, Crosby F. Wheat, Charles I. Imes, H. C. Agnew, Jacob L. Baily, James M. Blazer, S. B. Vose, L. Y. Sherman, John S. Bailey, of Macomb ; Abner E. Barnes, Solon BanfiU, J. T. Sanders, T. J. Sparks, George Fox, E. W. McKin ney, of Bushnell; and Charles E. Hume and Frank Fuhr, of Blandinsville. William H. Neece is the present rep resentative from this district in the national halls of congress, and is noticed in full under that head in the represen tation chapter. Charles E. Hume, of Blandinsville, is mentioned at length in the chapter en titled, national, state and county repre sentation, to which the reader is re ferred. D. G. Tunnicliff, in point of practice the oldest attorney at Macomb, is a native of Herkimer county. New York, having been born on the 20th of Aug ust, 1829. His father, George Tunni cliff was a native of New York state, and his mother, Marinda (Tilden) of Con necticut, the former of whom was a far mer and owner of several mills. Mr. Tunnicliff remained on a farm Arith his parents until after reaching his 15th year and then, in the capacity of a clerk, be gan a mercantile life. In 1849, he came to Illinois, located at Vermont, Fulton county, and engaged in general merchan dising. In 1853, he commenced read ing law, subsequently going to Chicago, where he read under Blackwell & Beck with, but had previously been admitted to the bar at Eushville. In 1854, he re moved to McDonough county, locating in Macomb, and entered into a partner ship with Cyrus Walker & C. L. Higbee which continued until 1861, when Mr. Higbee was elected circuit judge. Mr. Tunnicliff then practiced alone until 1865, Avhen he formed a co-partnership with Asa A. Matteson, under the firm HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 393 name of Tunnicliff & Matteson, and they continued to practice together for about ten years, when Mr. Matteson removed to Galesburg, Illinois, after which Mr. Tunnicliff remained without a law part ner till in November, 1879, he became associated with James. H. Bacon, his present partner. The firm of Tunni cliff & Bacon is one of the leading firms of the county, and does a general law and collection business. They have the largest law library in Macomb. Mr. Tunnicliff has been tvrice married. His first wife, Mary E. Bailey, a daughter of Colonel W. W. BaUey, died in 1865. leaving five children — Mary E„ wife of W. L. Parotte, of Omaha; Bailey, George D., W. W., and Henry, since de ceased. November 4, 1868, Sarah A. Bacon, a daughter of Larkin C. Bacon, became his wife. By this marriage, three daughter have been born to them — Helen, Sarah and Euth. Politically Mr. Tunnicliff is a republican. He has no political aspirations, and, although his friends have elected him to local of fices, he has steadfastly refused to qual ify. He is a member of the Masonic council. He was an elector on the Grant presidential ticket in 1868, and on the 16th of February, 1885, , he was appointed by Governor Oglesby, one of the justices of the Supreme court of Ill inois, to fill the unexpired term of the late Pinkney H. Walker, deceased, a po sition he yet holds. The term will ex pire on the 1st of July, A. D., 1885. He is a candidate for election for the full term, but the district being largely democratic, and his opponent having re ceived the nomination of his party, the result is uncertain. William Prentiss and Jacob L. Baily were admitted to the bar at Springfield, at the same class, in June, 1878, and im mediately formed a law partnership, which is to-day second to none in the county. They practice in all the courts of the state, and the district and circuit courts of the United States. William Prentiss was born in Davenport, Iowa, September 19, 1848, and is the son of William and Elizabeth (Gapen) Pren tiss. His great-grandfather, Staunton Prentiss, served as wagonmaster to Gen eral Lafayette during the Eevolutionary war and was honored by a visit from that nobleman when he was on a visit to America, in 1824. William Prentiss, the elder, was a native of Pickaway county, Ohio, born on 1815, and died at Vermont, Fulton county, this state, in January, 1854. His wife was a native of Pennsylvania. William Prentiss at tended the common district schools of this and adjoining counties, during the winters and farmed during the summer months until he had reached the age of 15 years. He attended the seminary at Cherry Grove, near Abingdon, Illinois, a term or two, after which he entered the Normal school, near Bloomington, intending to take a full course in the model department, but broke down in health in tAvo months, and was obliged to give it up. Not long after, however, he entered Knox college, Galesburg, fol lowing the scientific course, with the ad dition of the latin language. It was his intention, at the time, to pursue a full collegiate course, but after two years of study, his health again gave way, and he was again compelled to suspend his la bors. In the spring of 1869, having but 394 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. a seeming slight chance of regaining his health, he removed to Mankato, Blue Earth county, Minnesota. He pur chased some wild land in Cottonwood county, and opened a farm, and during the winters taught school. While there he was county school superintendent some three years. He also, commenced the study of law, without a teacher or advisor. He continued his labors upon the farm until late in the fall of 1875, and the following winter taught school and the next spring, having recovered his health, he returned to McDonough county. He now entered the office, of J. S. Bailey, of Macomb, with whom he read law, and was admitted to the bar as above stated. Mr. Prentiss is by nature, studious and ambitious, and men of that character are bound to succeed in life, if health will hold out under the strain brought to bear upon it. He has been already honored by his fellow citizens with several offices which from the way in which he has filled them, gives prom ise of much better things in the future. In November, 1878, he was elected state's attorney to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of C. F. Wheat, and was re-elected in 1880. In May, 1881, he Avas elected mayor of the city of Ma comb, under circumstances that reflect great credit upon him. The By-Sta.n- der, of May, 4, 1881, in speaking of it says: " William Prentiss, who has been elected mayor of this city, is a young lawyer of excellent ability, and at pres ent, state's attorney for the county. He is a man of much personal popularity, and of the most steady habits, and one who has the capacity to make a good mayor. He made a splendid race in which he won contrary to the expecta tions of nearly, if not quite all voters of the city. When Mr. Prentiss takes the office of chief magistrate of this city, he will be the first democratic mayor Macomb has had for the past 21 years, and the second it ever had." December 24, 1872, Mr. Prentiss and EHzabeth Helen McCaughey, of Fulton county, were united in the bonds of matrimony and the result of this union has been three sons, James Manly, Jackson Mc Caughey and William. Mr. Prentiss is a Mason, a member of the Blue Lodge and the Eoyal Arch Chapter, and a member of the Knights of Pythias. In politics he is a democrat, and was a presidential elector upon that ticket in the campaign of 1884. Mr. Prentiss was a candidate before the judicial con vention of the sixth judicial circuit as a candidate for judge, carrying with him the entire delegation of McDonough county, failed in getting the nomination by but five votes, although the real choice of the people of the district. James H. Bacon, late of the law firm of Tunnicliff & Bacon, is a son of Larkin C. Bacon, and was born in Tennessee township, McDonough county, Illinois, on the 12th of August, 1856. He re ceived his education in the McDonough county public schools, and also took a commercial course at Eastman's College, Poughkeepsie, New York. It being his intention to engage in mercantile busi ness, he accepted the positioii of clerk with George Bailey, at Macomb, but his health failing him for a time, he was obliged to giv'e up the business. James' brother-in-law, Mr. Tunnicliff, suggested that he come into his office and read HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 395 law. He acted on this suggestion and was so well pleased with the study that he continued to a finish, and was admit ted to the bar in 1879, ever since which time he has given his attention to that profession, as a member of the late firm. On the 17th of November, 1881, he was united in marriage with Louise M. Holland, a daughter of Leonard Hol land, formerly a banker in the city of - Macomb. Politically, Mr. Bacon is a republican, and has served as city attor ney of Macomb for two terms. He is a genial, obliging gentleman, and has the reputation of being one of the foremost members of the McDonough county bar. As city attorney he gave entire satisfaction to the law-abiding people of the community. He is a member of the Knight of Pythias lodge of Macomb. H. M. Shannon, one of Macomb's prominent legal lights, is a son of Wil liam and Mary (Miller) Shannon. He is a native of Illinois, having been born on the 6th of March, 1848, in Industry toAvnship, McDonough county, where he was reared on a farm. He received a good common school education and sub sequently followed the profession of a school teacher. For sixteen consecutive winters he taught school, and during the summer season was engaged in agricul tural pursuits. He commenced the study of law in 1876, and continued the same at intervals until the year 1880, at which time he was admitted to the bar, and has ever since been engaged in the practice of his profession. Being a faithful and conscientious worker, he has succeeded in gaining a large prac tice, which is constantly on the increase. In 1869 H. M. Shannon and Sarah Brown, a daughter of Joseph Brown, of Industry, were united in the holy bonds of matrimony. Politically, Mr. Shan non is a democrat, always working with that party, but having no wish for polit ical preferment. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, as is he also of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows' lodge of Macomb. Among the prominent members of the legal profession of McDonough county, we will mention Williain H. Twaddle, who has been engaged in the law practice at Macomb since 1876. A son of William and Hannah (Hooten) Twaddle, he was born in Jefferson county, Ohio, on the 2d day of June, 1833. His parents re moved to Illinois in 1844, and settled in McDonough county. After reaching a suitable age, William helped his father till the soil, and received a good common school education. He resided with his parents until he had attained the age of 25 years, when he purchased a farm in Bethel toAvnship, which he improved and still owns. He continued the occupation of a farmer until the fall of 1869, at which time he removed to the city of Macomb, and commenced reading law. He continued his studies for several years, and was admitted to the bar in 1876, and has ever since given his atten tion to the legal profession; now having a very extensive practice, which keeps constantly increasing. He is a very pleasant gentleman, and has many warm- friends, both in Macomb and throughout the county. In politics he affiliates with the democratic party, and has been elected to local offices at various times. Occupying a high position in the bar of McDonough county is Byron Pon- 396 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. tious, of Macomb, who Avas born in Eoss county, Ohio, on the 25th of May, 1851. In 1853 his parents removed to Illinois, first settling in Fulton county, where they resided for two years, thence re moving on to a farm in New Salem town ship, McDonough county, where they still reside. Byron assisted his parents on the farm, and attended the common schools until reaching his 20th year. He then attended Lombard university, at Galesburg, Illinois, one year, after which he engaged in the drug trade at Adair, which he carried on from 1873 to 1878. In 1876, however, he commenced the study of law, being admitted to the bar in 1880, and has since given his entire attention to the practice of his chosen profession, being located in Ma comb. Although still a young man, he ranks high in the bar of the county, and enjoys a very lucrative practice. Byron Pontious and Ambrosia Woods, adaugh ter of MoriUo Woods, were united in marriage on the 2d day of April, 1873. Two children have been born to them, a daughter and a son. The daughter, Arah, died at the age of 15 months, and the son, Ealph, is still living. In poli tics Mr. Pontious is a Democrat, but has had no political aspirations. He is a member in good standing of the Ancient Free and Accepted Masons. C. F. Wheat, the senior of the firm of Wheat & Imes, of Macomb, is one of the leading and most successful mem bers of the bar of McDonough county, and, in regard to practice, is one of the oldest lawyers in the county. He is a native of the state of New York, having been born in Cayuga county, on the llth day of April, 1835. His parents, Lu ther and Elmira (Marvin) Wheat, were both natives of the New England states. Luther Wheat followed agricultural pur suits, and thus C. F., was reared as a farmer. But this occupation was not to his liking, and, in 1858, he came to Illi nois, first stopping at Quincy, where he entered upon the study of law. He made rapid strides toward mastering the intricacies of his profession, and, in May, 1860, was admitted to the bar. In 1861, he removed to McDonough county, and located at Macomb, where, in 1862, he commenced, and has ever since con tinued, practicing law, meeting with good success. On the 15th of October, 1882, he entered into his present part nership, and the firm has a practice second to none other in the county. February 1, 1865, C. F. Wheat and Mary A. Chandler, a daughter of Thompson Chandler, were united in marriage. Their union has been blessed Arith three children — Lucy A., Mary E. and Thomp son. In politics, Mr. Wheat afiUiates with the republican party, and has served the people as state's attorney and city attorney. Besides these, he has filled various local offices, at different times, always with credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents. The Knight of Pythias lodge' of Macomb, counts him among its honored members. Charles I. Imes^ of the law firm of Wheat & Imes, although a young man, is one of Macomb's leading attorneys. He is a native of Illinois, and was born in Macomb on the 4th day of May, 1853, his parents being William L. and Ann (Ferguson) Imes. He received his edu cation in the public schools of Macomb, after whioh he followed the profession HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 397 of a teacher for nine terms. He also served an apprenticeship in the black smith shop conducted by his father. Charles afterwards attended school at the Chicago Union college of law, and graduated from that popular institution in June, 1882. October 15, 1882, he formed a law partnership with C. F. Wheat, and has since given his entire attention to his chosen profession. The firm of which he is a member, has been eminently successful, and now enjoys a lucrative practice. Mr. Imes is a mem ber of the Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias. He is an active member of the republi can party, and is at present serving his second term as a member of the county board of supervisors. Henry C. Agnew, son of Samuel and Mary (Wilson) Agnew, was born Octo ber 4, 1852, in Bethel township, McDon ough county. He received his education in the common schools of McDonough and Warren counties. From 1870 to 1876 he engaged in teaching. In the fall of 1876 he entered the law depart ment of the Iowa State university at Iowa City, where he graduated in June, 1877, and subsequently taught school, but since 1879 has followed his profes sion at Macomb. He is a republican in politics. In the spring of 1882 he was elected city attorney of Macomb, which position he held one year. In the fall of 1884 he was elected state's attorney, which office he now holds. Mr. Agnew is a man of no small abil ity, being a close student, logical rea soner, and forcible speaker. Com mencing life a poor boy; he has, by industry and perseverance, acquired a good education and established a Avell- merited reputation as an upright, able and successful lawyer. Samuel Agnew, deceased, father of Henry G, was born near the city of Buffalo, New York, July 12, 1820. He came to the state of Illinois in 1847, locating in Eush ville, Schuyler county. In 1852 he re moved to Bethel township, McDonough county, and continued to reside in said county nearly all the time until the date of his death, which occurred at Macomb November 7, 1879. He was a stone mason by trade, at which employment he worked during the most of his life. At the time of the building of the Chi cago, Burlington & Quincy railroad he was the master mason on the section be tween Plymouth and Avon. Mr. Ag new, the elder, was married at Industry, Illinois, Deceniber the 16th, 1849, to Mary Wilson, a native of Columbiana county, Ohio. The fruits of this union were eight children, four of whom, Mil ton P., Henry G, George T., and Josie A., are living. Mrs. Agnew lives in Ma comb, and is now 63 years of age. Lyman B. Vose, of the law firm of Vose & Sherman, is the son of James and Julia (Munger) Vose, and was born in McHenry county, Illinois, February 16, 1853. He came with the family to McDonough county in 1871, and settled at Prairie City, where he taught school. In 1878 he commenced reading law in the office, and under the instruction of Hon. William H. Neece, of Macomb, and was admitted to the bar in 1883, at Springfield. He has since followed his chosen profession as a member of the above firm, which was formed in 1882. 398 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. In 1879 he was united in marriage with Nettie McCandless, daughter of T. H.' McCandless, and they have one daugh ter, lone. Lawrence Y. Sherman, the junior member of the firm, wasborn in Warren county, Ohio, on the 7th of November, 1859. Shortly after his birth the family • moved to Illinois, and settled in McDon ough county, where he was reared until 1867, when they removed to Effingham county, Illinois, where he resided until 1878, when he entered the McKendree college, at Lebanon, in the law depart ment, from which he graduated in June, 1882. He then came to Macomb, and the present firm was formed. James M. Blazer, son of John and Mary (Montgomery) Blazer, was born March 1, 1852, in the town of Industry, Industry township, McDonough county, Illinois, where his father now resides. His early life was spent on his father's farm. He attended the district schools, afterward attended school at Macomb, and subsequently took a collegiate course at the Illinois Western university, at Bloomington, Illinois, where he gradu ated in 1874. He remained with his parents for about two years, and assisted his father in tilling the soil. In No vember, 1875, he commenced the study of law, with C. F. Wheat as preceptor, and was admitted to the bar, after pass ing an examination of the supreme court, at Mt. Vernon, Illinois, in June, 1877, and has since practiced law at Macomb. Since January, 1883, he has been a member of the firm of Neece & Blazer. Mr. Blazer was married November 20, 1878, to Allie Laughlin, of Bloom ington, Illinois. They have one daugh ter, Mary. Mr. Blazer is a republican in politics, and served three years as city attorney. Jacob L. Baily, of the law fijm of Prentiss & Baily, of Macomb, is a son of Thomas and Nancy (Bottenburg) Baily, and was born in Vermont toAvnship, Fulton county, Illinois, on the 29th day of August, 1851. His parents removed to McDonough county in 1855, and set tled in Eldorado toAvnship, where Jacob L. helped till the soil, and attended the common schools, until reaching his 19th year, when he taught school for one year. In 1871 he entered Oberlin col lege, at Oberlin, Ohio, and one year later attended the Northwestern univer sity, at Evanston. After one year's at tendance at the university, he again re sumed teaching, which profession he followed for two years, after which he attended a law school at Lincoln one year, and then read law under William H. Neece. In June, 1878, he was ad mitted to the bar, and has ever since been associated in practice with William Prentiss, who was admitted to the bar at the same time, and they have been emi nently successful in their chosen pro fession. Mr. Baily affiliates with the Democratic party, but has had no aspir ations for political preferment. In the month of August, 1876, Jacob L. Baily and Lois C. Foster, a daughter of J. N. Foster, were united in the holy bonds of matrimony. As a result of this union they have had one daughter born to them, Jessie P., a bright, Arinsome lass. Mr. Baily is a Eoyal Arch Mason, and is also a member of the Knights of Pythias lodge of Macomb, in each of which he takes an active interest. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 399 Jesse T. Neece, a practising lawyer at Macomb, is the eldest son of Hon. Wil liam H. Neece, and was born in this county, June 27, 1858. He graduated in 1874, at the high school in the city of Macomb, after which he spent two years in attending the Northwestern university at Evanston. He then re turned to Macomb, and in 1879 began the study of law, in the office of his father. He was admitted to the bar by the supreme court, at Springfield, Illi nois, June 12, 1883, and commenced the practice of his profession in connection Arith Neece & Blazer, at Macomb. Mr. Neece is a promising young lawyer and undoubtedly has before him a successful career. The leading characteristics in the career of Major Abner E. Barnes, a prominent member of the McDonough county bar, have been his untiring in dustry and application in his legal studies and professional business, and his upright and honorable course in all his dealings. To these qualities he owes the success that has attended his profes sional labors. He was born in Lewis- town, Fulton county, Illinois, on the 26th of March 1822. His father, Col. David W. Barnes, was one of the first settlers of Fulton county. He, was born in Massachusetts in 1795, and came to Fort Clarke (now Peoria), Illinois, in June, 1820. He served his country in the war of 1812, and also during the Black Hawk war, being one of the party who drove that noted Indian chief into Iowa. After a busy and useful career, departed this life at his home, mourned by a large circle of friends. Major Barnes was the first white child born in Fulton county, and was there reared and educated. • In 1855, he began read ing law under Judge Kellogg, at Can ton Illinois, and was admitted to the bar in 1857. He then came to McDonough county and located near Bushnell, and has ever since been engaged in the prac tice of his profession (with the excep tion of his military life), and now en joys a very lucrative practice, which keeps constantly increasing. Becoming imbued Arith patriotism, he enlisted in company I, 72d Illinois infantry, and was commissioned first lieutenant, but shortly afterwards was promoted to the captaincy, he having had command of the company almost from the first. He was connected vrith the army of the Mississippi, serving in the 14tli army corps, and was under General John A. Logan. In April, 1863, he was appoint ed major by President Lincoln, and after an unusually brilliant military career Major Barnes received his dis charge in April, 1865. He then re turned to McDonough county and lo cated in Bushnell, now being one of the oldest attorneys, in point of practice, in that city. He has been a member of the city council of Bushnell almost contin ually since the organization of that city, and served two terms in the county board of supervisors. At present he is acting as one of the building committee for the new alms-house, and has done much toward forwarding the completion of that charitable institution. On the 14th of August, 1850, Major Barnes was united in marriage with Mrs. Eebecca Pumyea, nee Davis, a native of Penn sylvania, but who was reared in Fulton county, Illinois. She was a true wife, a 400 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. loving mother, and a consistent member of the Baptist denomination, and her demise, which occurred on the 1st of April, 1884, was truly mourned by her family and a large circle of friends and acquaintances. Mr. and Mrs. Barnes reared a family of three children — Mrs. Zerelda Doughty, Mrs. Serena Ward and Mrs. Kate Michaels. The major is a member of the Baptist church, as is he also of the Masonic fraternity and of the Grand Army of the Eepublic. He has a genial disposition and is well cal culated to make friends. By close atten tion to his profession and good manage ment he has made a success of life. He has always sustained a reputation for integrity and morality, and it is to such men that the prosperity of our state is attributable. Solon BanfiU, one of the prominent and leading attorneys of Bushnell, lo cated in that city in 1868, and engaged as a teacher in the public schools. He followed that profession in Bushnell for two years, in Table Grove, Fulton county, for one year, in Eldorado township, in this county one year, and in New Salem toAvnship one year. ' Eeturning to Bush nell in 1873, he commenced reading law in the office of J. B. McConnell, which he continued for three years. He was compelled to labor and teach at inter val to procure the money necessary for him to continue his studies. He was admitted to the bar in September, 1876, and for one year practiced law with Mr. McConnell. The succeeding two years he practiced alone. From 1879 to 1881, he was a partner with E. E. Chesney. In 1881, he engaged in the insurance business in addition to the practice of law. From June, 1883 to May, 1885, he was of the firm of Banfill & Morse, col lection and insurance agents, in addition to his law practice. Mr. Banfill was born of American parents on the 4th of September, 1844, while they were tem porarily residing in Canada East, now Quebec. The family afterward settled on the Canada side, a few miles north of the state of Vermont. Solon, having purchased his time of his father, left the parental roof at the age of 19 and came to the state of Vermont, where he resided for three years as a farm laborer in summer and attended school in win ter. He taught school in New Hamp shire in the winter of 1865,-6; came to DeKalb county, Illinois, in May, 1866 where he , taught school for two years and then came to Bushnell as heretofore mentioned. Among McDonough county's leading attorneys,is Joseph T. Sanders,of the firm of Sanders & Chalmers, of Bushnell. He was born in Chester county, Pennsyl vania, on the 15th of February, 1812, his parents being Frederick and Margaret (Eubanks) Sanders, the former of whom was a native of England, and the latter of Wales. They reared a family of seven children, Joseph T., being the fifth child. In 1817, his father died and he was re moved to Washington county. New York, where he was reared by his uncle to man hood and received a good common school education. During the years 1833 to 1835, he attended Lafayette college, at Easton, Pennsylvania, and in 1843 began reading law under George Miller, of Fulton county, Illinois, having removed to that county the previous year. He remained under Mr. Miller for two years. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 401 being then admitted to the bar, after which he practiced his profession in that county until 1846, in which year he re moved to Nauvoo, Illinois. He remained there four years, meeting with good suc cess, then located in Henderson county, Illinois, and six years later returned to Fulton county. In April, 1862, he came to this county and located at Bushnell, being the first attorney in that city. He has ever since remained there, and has built up a good practice in the county. July 4, 1835, Joseph T. Sanders and Isa bella McCrackin were united in marriage in Easton, Pennsylvania. She was a native of Pennsylvania, and her death occurred in August, 1837. Mr. Sanders was again married, June 27, 1839, to Dinah H. Beck, a native of Ohio. Their union has been blessed with four child ren. Mary H., Samuel F., Euth I., and Joseph M. Mr. Sanders is a local dea con of the Methodist Episcopal church, having been a member of that denomi nation for over 50 years. During the years of 1872 and 1873, he served Bush nell as its city attorney. Thomas J. Sparks was born in Clinton county, Indiana, on the 16th of August, 1843. His father, Joseph Sparks, was a native of Pennsylvania, and was born in 1808. After Joseph had attained the age of 12 years, his parents removed to Ohio, where he learned the trade of a wheelwright. He then went to Indiana, remaining untU 1845, and then removed to Fulton county, Illinois, where he died July 6, 1876. He was united in marriage in Ohio, Arith Sarah DeFord, a native of that state but of French descent, being a second cousin of Napoleon Bonaparte. She departed this life on the 21st of January, 1864, in Fulton county. Thomas J. Sparks wasTcared in Fulton county, where he obtained his preliminary edu cation. In 1866-7 he attended Lombard university, at Galesburg, and in 1867-8, attended Howe's academy, at Mt. Pleas ant, Iowa. He began teaching school when a young man, and followed that profession for some years. He first be gan study with a view of entering the legal profession, in 1864, having S. C. Judd, then of Lewistown, Illinois, now of Chicago, as his preceptor, and was admitted to the bar in 1872. He then went to Central City, Nebraska, where he followed his profession for four years, meeting with good success. He then came to McDonough county, and located in Bushnell, where, in 1878, he resumed practice, and has a large and increasing business. He has been city attorney continuously since 1881. On the 21st of March, 1871, Thomas J. Sparks and Aggie Patton, of Wheeling, West Vir ginia, were united in marriage, and now have one daughter, Maud S. Mr. S. is a member of the Masonic order. Eobert W. McKinney, attorney, of Bushnell, has been engaged in practice for some 40 years, and since 1876 has been located at Bushnell. He was ad mitted to the bar in Franklin, Ohio, where he first began practicing his pro fession. Three years later, in 1845, he went to Canton, Illinois, where he en gaged in teaching school for one year. From there he removed to Nauvoo, and in 1876 came to Bushnell as before stated. He was born in BrOwn county, Ohio, February 5, 1817, and was united in marriage with Mary S. Peck on the 15th of May, 1841. They are now the 402 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. parents, of five children — Hannah E., EUzabeth E., William C, Charles E. and Eobert M. Mrs. McKinney died in March, 1882. George Fox, attorney and notary pub lic of Bushnell, is a native of Ohio, and was born in 1850. When he was 15 years of age, his parents removed to McDonough county. He was admitted to the bar June 5, 1877, at Mt. Vernon, Illinois, and then began practicing his profession in Bushnell. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias, and of the Independent Order of Odd FelloAvs. On June 12, 1873, Alice D. Finley became his wife. George S. Doughty, of the firm of Barnes & Doughty, attorneys, is a native of Atlantic county. New Jersey, and was born February 11, 1846. By trade he was a carpenter, which he foUowed until 1871, when he began reading law under Barnes & Sanders. He graduated from the law department of the state univer sity, at Albany, New York, and was there admitted to the bar. The same year he was admitted to the McDonough county bar, and one year later returned to his trade. In 1880 he became a member of the before mentioned firm, and has con tinued practice ever since. October 31, 1875, he was married to Zerilda Barnes, a daughter of A. E. Barnes. George S. Fuhr, practicing lawyer, located in Blandinsville, December 24, 1875. He is a native of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, born May 28, 1849. He came to this county when 11 years old. He obtained his early educa tion in the common schools and supple mented it by a course at the high school in Macomb. He began reading law in that city and after five years study, was admitted to the bar in Springfield, in January, 1874. Since coming to Blan dinsville, he has been editor and pro prietor of what is now the Democrat, but is now devoting his time entirely to the practice of his profession. Eobert S. Eandall was admitted to the bar in 1863, while a resident of Bush nell, having studied that profession in the office of W. H. Neece, of Macomb, and practiced for many years in the town of Bushnell. He is a native of Washington county, Missouri, born March 18, 1831. He remained at home until he was some 19 years of age, when he moved to Fulton county, Illinois. This was in 1850. He was engaged in teaching school and farming while there, and in 1857, came to this county, locat ing in Bushnell, and studying for his profession as above stated. He has en tirely retired from practice at this date, and devotes time to looking after his opera house and other investments. He was married July 8, 1858, to Abbie Miner, and has one son — Henry L. David Chambers, of the firm of San ders & Chambers, is a native of Ohio, born November 22, 1846. When but seven years old, his parents removed to near Marietta, Fulton county, Illinois, where he was reared on a farm till 1864. At this time he enlisted in the service of the United States, in company D, 127th Illinois infantry. In August, he was captured at Memphis, Tennessee, and was incarcerated in the rebel prison till March, 1865, at which time he was mus tered out of the service at Springfield. He returned to Fulton county, and en gaged in teaching school. He attended ^'^^Z-^^ ^r ^ HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 405 the State Normal school at Bloomington two years, after which he engaged in teaching till 1881, at this time he eh- tered the State university at Iowa City, Iowa, completing a law course there, and received degrees in 1882. Eeturning to Illinois, he was admitted to the bar at the Springfield supreme court, Judge John Scofield presiding. His first prac tice was in Astoria for about six months, when he formed a co-partnership with T. J. Sanders, as above stated. He was married to Mary Bevins, December 31, 1873, and two children — John M. and Nellie, have blessed the union. CHAPTER XIX. THE MEDICAL PEOFESSION. Voltaire has said that a physician is the most unfortunate of men, as he is expected to cure men, and keep them well, when they Adolate the very laws of their existence, every hour of their lives. Hence the life of the active practitioner in the healing art is no sinecure, at the best, as any one who has foUowed the profession can testify. Twenty-five to thirty years ago it was rather a serious matter to be a physician and to make the long and toilsome rides, through this then newly and sparsely settled country, when there were scarcely any roads, and no bridges, and the adven turous disciple of Galen was frequently lost on the wide prairie, and aften floun dered through sloughs. Often in the muddy days of spring or fall, he found, on emerging from some particularly miry place, that his girth was broken, or some equally important part of the har ness damaged, and alone on the wide expanse of wind swept prairie, with night coming on, he must stop and re pair it, with fingers numbed with the cold and energies exhausted by a hard day's labor. The medical profession is an honor able one if conducted in an honorable manner. John Quincy Adams called it "the most honorable of the professions." And one of our eminent physicians in speaking of it, uses the following words: "The doctor certainly feels proud to relieve the pain and distress of his pa tients; to soothe the dying pillow, and to comfort the afflicted friends. But the people are sometimes imposed upon by pretenders, who claim to cure all the 'ills flesh is heir to,' and to raise the dead, but we think the days of miracles have passed — are there too many doc tors, or has the profession lost all honor? '¦ The people seem to be growing weaker and wiser, but at the expense of vigor- 24 406 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. ous health — the system of cramming in school does not fit the young man for a useful life, nor the young woman to be a good staunch helpmate. Was the boy bright and clever, that was sufficient rea son for the forcing and cramming him — so far, however, as that goes, the boys have a certain conservatism about them that prevents them from committing sui cide by excessive brain work. The poor girls, with their finer organizations are the unfortunate victims. How often does the doctor have interesting lady patients, who talk beautifully, as they recline upon the sofa, but who, when married and mothers of a single child, probably are unequal to the task of a household, or the care of a family. "Our great grandmothers got their schooling during winter months, and let their brains lie fallow for the rest of the year. They knew less of Euclid and the classics, than about housekeeping, and about how housework should be done, but they made good wives and mothers, and bore sturdy sons and buxom daughters, and plenty at that. "From the age of eight tO fourteen our daughters spend most of their time, in the unwholesome air of the recita tion room, or poring over their books, when they should be at play. When re leased from school, within a year it may be she becomes engaged to some unwary youth, who, bewitched by her face, and charmed by her intelligence, sees not the frail body and butterfly down, he weds her, to find she has brought him a dower of ill-health, with a large outfit of head aches and spineaches. Unequal to the task, she at first tolerates, and then loathes the domestic ties; the trouble follows, both are unhappy whether they remain together or not, or obtain di vorces, and change mates, the doctor be ing a perpetual witness to the vices and follies, and their fatal results. Some may say doctors are opposed to educa tion. Not so. But we do not believe in educating the mind at the expense of the body, thereby producing a weak and effeminate race of people. Therefore, less cramming in school, more out-door exercise, and riding on horseback and walking, also invigorates the body, de velops the muscular system, strengthens the nerves, promotes the health and ap petite, and is a great pleasure to the per sons so inclined. Planting trees, shrub bery, and otherwise beautifying our homes, than which nothing can be more pleasing and satisfactory to ourselves, and to those who admire such things — and who does not?" The people owe certain duties to the physician, and the physician owes cer tain duties to the people, and the way these duties are performed, stamps the standing both of the practitioner and the people. In all ages of the world, among civil ized and uncivilized people, the medical profession has been held in high esteem. Whether it be the learned prof essor, who has studied the science of medicine in all of its branches, or the "great medi cine man" of the untutored savages, who from actual experience has made discov eries of the healing powers of herbs and roots, honor awaits him upon every hand, while the life and death of every human being is virtually placed in his keeping. The weary patient lying upon a bed of pain, and the no less weary HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 407 watcher by his side, wait anxiously for the coming of the "good doctor," and, on his arrival, note his every moArement and every expression of countenance for a ray of hope. The medical fraternity of McDonough county have, Avith few, if any exceptions, been an honor to the profession. They have ever been ready to respond to the call of duty. The winter's cold, the summer's heat, or the rains of spring and autumn, could not keep them back when the cry of distress reached their ears. Not a physician in the county, especially among those who settled here at an early day, but has experienced sufferings that would have deterred those in any other profession, in re sponse to a summons to attend the bed side of a sick and suffering one. They have been compelled to cross trackless prairies, to face blizzards from the north, often with no hope of fee or reward, but only, if possible, to relieve those who plead for theu' care. All this has been done by the physicians of McDonough county without complaint. If the good deeds of the profession are not remem bered by those who have received aid, a time AriU come when they will be rec ollected. In the following review of the medical profession in the various towns and cities of the county, some of the most promi nent doctors, who have practiced only for a short time, will be noticed first, and then the representatives of the profes sion tn 1885. PHYSICIANS OF MACOMB. The first disciple of the healing art that came to Macornb to locate, was a Doctor J. L. Shuff, Avho was also the first in the county. He came here either in the faU of 1831, or the spring of 1832. He was of the old allopathic school, a regular graduate of Transylvania univer sity, of Lexington, Kentucky, and a fair practitioner. This country proving en tirely too healthy for him he only re mained a short time, leaving here in the spring of 1833. He was succeeded by Dr. Jason Dun can, a man of good attainments, who is noAv practising his profession in Knox ville, Illinois. ' Dr. Charles Hays, one of the most eminent of the practitioners of the earlier days of the county, came to McDonough county in 1833, purchasing a farm in what is now Scotland township. In 1835, he removed to Macomb, and open ing an office, entered upon the duties of his profession, and for nearly 40 years practiced in that village and city. This was no sinecure, for often he had to make long journeys across the prairies to see some suffering wretch, amid storm and snow, or rain and mud. He was a native of Virginia, born in 1790, but early in life moved to Kentucky, where he studied medicine under some of the best physicians of that time and state. He practiced some years in Kentucky, but came to this locality directly from there. He is spoken of as somewhat rough in his manner, but a most excel lent physician. He died in Macomb, on the 21st of September, 1870. Dr. W. A. Huston was a native of In diana, and came to McDonough county at a very early date. He located first at Blandinsville, but in 1862 came to Ma comb, and entered into practice. In 408 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. June, 1864, he entered the service of the United States government, as surgeon of the 137th infantry, and died on the 25th of June of the same year, at Mem phis, Tennessee, just 20 days after the date of his commission. Among the early physicians of the county was Doctor Meredith C. Archer. His father settled in Bethel township in 1832, where the future doctor worked at the anvil as a blacksmith. He was born in Casey county, Kentucky, in March, 1818. While engaged at his work, he studied hard and finally fitted himself for his profession. In 1860, he married Caroline Hotchkiss. He opened an of fice in Colchester, but removed to Ma comb some time in the early thirties. He died in the latter city June 22, 1882. The first physician of the homoeopathic school to locate in the city of Macomb was Dr. E. H. McFarland, who came there about 1854. After practicing there for a time he removed to Prairie City, where he resided until the breaking out of the war, when his sympaties being with the confederate government, he re moved to Kentucky, his native state. He is now a resident of Florida. Following him, the next to practice medicine by the rules of this school was Dr. Beverly E. Westfall. He was born in Troy, Ohio, August 11, 1824 In 1846, his parents removed to this county and located upon a farm in Macomb town ship. Beverly came to Macomb the same year, where he taught school, and at the same time studied medicine. In 1847, he was united in marriage with Ellen Hays, daughter of Dr. Charles Hays, one of the leading physicians of the county, and returned to Thornton, Indiana, where he had once lived and practiced medicine according to the allopathic school. In 1848, he returned to Ma comb, and practiced as an old school physician, attending the Eush medical college, of Chicago, at the same time, and obtained a certificate of graduation. In 1855, after having given the subject much thought and a thorough investi gation of the principles governing, the doctor changed his course of treatment, adopting the homeopathic method, which for many years he successfully practiced in Macomb, having a practice second to but few in the state, and extending throughout this and adjoining counties. As a physician he met with remarkably good success, especially after he adopted the homeopathic method of treatment, and no physician in this part of the state ranks higher in the profession, or among the masses of the people. In order to perfect himself in the surgery and be come more thoroughly posted in the great improvements being made in the medical world, in 1867 he attended a course of lectures in Hahneman medi cal college, Chicago, and from that in stitution received a diploma of doctor of medicine. Eealizing the necessity existing for the improvement of our stock, especially the farm horse. Dr. Westfall was the first from the county to engage in the im portation of blooded horses from the old world. In 1870, he crossed the ocean to France, and in that country secured four as fine animals as were ever im ported into the country. In securing these horses, he experienced the good fortune in having them purchased and placed upon the vessel just a day or two HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 409 before the Emperor Napoleon issued his order forbidding any further exporta tion, and just before the war occurred which occasioned the overthrow of the empire. Again, in 1873, the doctor re turned to Europe, securing three more equally as fine and perfect as those first imported. In this we have the begin ning of the importation of fine stock from the old world, and an enterprise which has been taken up by others until Mc Donough county now ranks among the first in the state, with respect to blooded stock. In the summer of 1884, Dr. Westfall and family removed to Spokane Falls, Washington territory, on account of the ill health of his daughter. He is a res ident of that place still. The third was a Doctor M. J. Chase, who reinained here about two or three years, when he left. He is now engaged in practice in Galesburg, this state. The' next was a Doctor Baker, who came from St. Louis. His stay was not protracted, he remaining but a short time, going to Adrian, Michigan. Doctor W. O. Blaisdell was the next in this school to locate in Macomb, and is still a resident of that beautiful city. Dr. James B. Kyle, (deceased), was among the early physicians of the county, having come here January 10, 1835. He was a native of Ohio, and was born in Miami county, September 20, 1808, which at that time was a frontier county, of a frontier state. His advan tages for obtaining an education were limited, for at that early day, the public school system was not the same as is now enjoyed. He nevertheless through industry, perseverance and personal ap plication, managed to acquire a good English education, so that he became, before arriAdug at his majority, a com petent school teacher, and found em ployment as such, by means of which he was enabled to pay his expenses, while preparing for the medical profession to which he devoted his life. He read medicine for three years with Uriah Farquhar, at New Carlisle, Clark county? Ohio ; attended lectures at the Ohio medical coUege at Cincinnati; gradu ated at Kemps college, St. Louis, Mis souri; practiced one year at Carlisle, and then came to this county. He was mar ried to Sarah P. Eice, July 19, 1836. She is a daughter of Benjamin Eice, of Greene county, Kentucky. They had six children, three sons and three daugh ters. July 24, 1862, he was appointed surgeon of the 84th Illinois volunteer infantry, and remained in the service until his regiment was discharged, June 17, 1865. Such was his skill as a phy sician, that during his term of service, he was detailed both as brigade and division surgeon, and at one time had charge of one of the general hospitals at Nashville. With the exception of the time that he was in the army, and a short time at Monmouth, he resided, and practiced medicine in this county, and was esteemed as a first-class practicioner. Dr. Kyle was a kind hearted man, ever ready to minister to the afflicted. When called to the bedside of the sick he stop ped not to inquire as to the probability of getting paid for his services. He went wherever and whenever humanity called, and the rich and poor fared alike at his hands. By this kind and humane course, pursued in his practice, he 410 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. doubtless lost many more thousand of doUars, than his estate was worth at the time of his death, and yet he always had enough, and to spare of this world's goods, and he left his family a hand some property. For 43 years, he was an energetic citizen of Macomb, always taking an active part in every enterprise which promised to advance the interests of the county.' In 1852 he made, with others, an active canvass in favor of the railroad, making speeches in every pre cinct of the county, and the success of that measure Avas, in a great degree, owing to the able manner in which he presented the matter to the people. In political matters he always took an active interest, and was governed by his con victions of right, rather than by motives of policy or pecuniary benefit. He came to this state a whig, and continued to act with that party until it was dis banded in 1856, at which time he gave his influence to the support of Fillmore, and was a candidate of that party for congress. He subsequently becanie a re publican, and continued to support the measures of that party through the re mainder of his life. In 1861 he was elected mayor of the city of Macomb, and some years afterward represented the city on the board of supervisors, and was a member when the new court house was built. Thus it may be seen that Dr. Kyle was a man of considerable influence in this city and county, and his death, which occurred June 1, 1878, was mourned by a large circle of friends. He was buried in Oakwood cemetery with Masonic honors, having been a member of that order many years. His widow still suiwives him, and at this writing ( April, 1885, ) resides in the city of Macomb. Doctor Eichard D. Hammond came to Macomb in November, 1862, and prac ticed his profession for several years. He was born in Claiborne, Monroe county, Alabama, on the 24th of July, 1826. In 1840 the family moved to Ohio, and in 1841 Eichard entered the Marietta college, of that state, graduat ing therefrom four years later. After that he came to Illinois, and locating at Monmouth, Warren county, entered upon, the study of medicine with Dr. Young. Afterward, entering the med ical department of the University of Missouri, he graduated with honors in 1852. He opened an office in the village of Greenbush, Warren county, but in 1853 removed to Blandinsville, where he engaged in practice until coming to Macomb. After several years' labor in this field he returned to Blandinsville. In 1876 he met with a severe accident, being thrown from his horse which caused his deatli in a few years. Tbe medical profession is represented in Macomb at present by the following practitioners: Drs. Edgar Bolles, I. M. Martin, W. O. Blaisdell, B. I. Dunn, W. F. Bayne, P. H. Garrettson, E. Harris and E. S. Cooper. Edgar Bolles, M. D., is a native of Sandusky county, Ohio, born January 12, 1837. He is a son of William K. and Sarah (West) Bolles, the former a na tive of New London, Connecticut, and the latter a native of Hillsdale, Colum bia county. New York. They were both born in the year 1807, there being but a ' few months difference between their ages. When Edgar was but six weeks HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 411 old, thinking it for their best interest, his parents emigrated to Lagrange county, Indiana, traveling the entire dis tance in an old-fashioned lumber wagon drawn by oxen. In 1852, suffering greatly from chills and fever, character istic of many districts throughout that malarious state, the family returned to the native county of Mrs. Bolles. Here they remained about a year, when they came west to Illinois in 1863, settling in Blandinsville township, and afterward removed to Emmet township in 1866. The subject of this sketch passed his boyhood and youth upon his father's farm, acquiring strength of body and mind, which fit him fot the discharge of the duties of his chosen profession. From the time he was old enough he labored upon the farm during the agri cultural season and attended the district school in the winter time. As soon as he attained his majority he at once made preparations to attend the seminary at Blandinsville, an institution of some promise at that time. Here he pursued his studies for two years and afterward engaged in teaching and other employ ment until he had obtained means whereby he might prosecute the princi pal object he had in view from the first — the study of medicine. In August, 1863, he began to read medicine with Huston and Hammond, in Macomb. In the spring of 1868, he attended lectures at Long Island college hospital, Brook lyn, New York, where he remained dur ing the term. He next entered the De troit medical college, which was a more thorough and suitable institution, from which he received the degree of doc tor of medicine and surgery, in the spring of 1869. On graduating, he re turned home, taught school another term and returned to Detroit in the spring of 1870, assisting Professors Weber and Jenks during the college term, in the chairs of anatomy and dis eases of women and children. At the close of the term he concluded to re main a short tkae in Detroit, and entered the office of Dr. Jenks as assistant, re- ing with him some months obtaining the benefit of his experience. He then re turned to Illinois in the fall of 1870, and located at Pennington's Point, in this county, where he continued practice until July, 1881, when he removed to Macomb, where he yet remains. By his many years of successful and continued prac tice he has attained an enviable reputa tion of being one of the foremost and leading practitioners of McDonough county, calling into demand his services almost night and day. The doctor was married May 15, 1872, to Fannie Pen rose, of Macomb. Two children have been born to them, one of whom is de ceased; the other, a son — Howard W. Mr.' Bolles has always been exceedingly kind to his parents. During the sick ness previous to his mother's death, she desired to remove to Macomb, so that she might be near her son iox treatment, and accordingly the doctor purchased a neat residence for her comfort. A short time before her removal, in Oc tober, 1882, the hand of death removed her to the other shore, at the advanced age of 75 years. Four children survive her. Elizabeth, Louise, now the widow of Mr. E. B. Hammond; Edgar, and Margaret, wife of L. E. Colling. Mr. Bolles, Sr., now resides in Macomb, at ¦-"'—-•¦ — -¦- 412 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. the place purchased by his son, Edgar. In politics Mr. Bolles affiliates with the republicans, having held several local offices of trust, but does not aspire to office, his practice requiring his constant attention. He is also a member of the Masonic fraternity. In the career of Dr. Bolles there is an excellent lesson for young men. Inheriting not a dollar, and at the age of 21 without a penny to begin life, he worked his way for tAvo years through a good high school, ob taining an education to fit himself for a teacher, which profession he adopted as a temporary expedient to enable him to obtain means to pursue a course of study for the medical profession. Entering a medical college, he soon graduated with high honors, and is now recognized as one of the leading physicians in the county. To enable him to accomplish all this he spent about $2,000, every dol lar of which he secured by hard labor. And yet there are hundreds, thousands, of young men who utterly bewail their fate, and say they can't advance. As a man he enjoys the respect of all who are acquainted Avith him; his social qualities commend him to all alike, and in the home circle he is kind and gentle in the extreme. Dr. W. 0. Blaisdell, one of the most prominent physicians of McDonough county, is a native of the town of Orland, Hancock county, Maryland, and was raised on a farm. In 1851, while yet a young man, he went to California and engaged in mercantile pursuits, but his affiliation for his old home in his native state at the other end of the nation, caused him to leave California five years later. After a few months spent in his old home he again turned his steps west ward, going to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he commenced the study of medicine. After undergoing a thorough course of study, he left Cincinnati and went to Mississippi, and also visited several other cities in the South in 1859. Dr. Blais dell knew there was a rebellion brewing in the air, and being a strong union man he came North and located in McDon ough county, Illinois, in 1860, and ten years later moved to Macomb, where he has since been engaged in the practice of his profession, and has met Arith marked success. The doctor keeps well up in his profession, and has the reputation — well deserved — of being the leading homeo pathic physician in McDonough county. In the year 1865, Dr. W. O. Blaisdell and and Ella M. Stilson, a native of Water ville, Maine, were united in marriage. Her death, which occurred in 1876, was mourned by the family and a large num ber of acquaintances. She left one child, Walter S., who still lives with his father. Politically, the doctor is an ardent re publican, but does not aspire to politi cal preferment. Dr. I. M. Martin, one of the promi nent physicians of Macomb, and the present city clerk of that city, is a son of J. M. and Henrietta G. (WestfaU) Mar tin, and was born in the city of Macomb on the 9th of September, 1853. He grad uated from the Macomb high school in the class of 1870, and the following year commenced the study of medicine, hav ing Dr. B. E. Westfall as his preceptor. He continued reading medicine, and also taught school during the winter seasons, until 1875, in which year he entered the Hahnemann medical college, at Chicago. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 413 The following year he went to Eyota, Minnesota, where he entered upon the practice of his chosen profession, and met with good success. Here he remain ed for two years, then returned to his native county, and, subsequently, again attended the Hahnemann medical col lege, from which popular institution he graduated with honors in the spring of 1881. He then returned to Macomb, and engaged in practice, and, although the youngest member of his profession in that city. Dr. Martin has a very large practice, which keeps constantly increas ing. On the 5th day of September, 1883, Dr. I. M. Martin and Elsie Taylor, a daughter of Colonel Samuel E. Taylor, were united in the holy bonds of matri mony. As a result of that union, they are now the parents of one son, Morris C. The doctor affiliates with the repub lican party, and is the present city clerk, this being his third term. He has faith fully and honestly discharged the duties of his office, and has succeeded in gain ing for himself the encomiums of the ad herents of both political parties. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Ancient Order of United Workingmen lodges of Macomb. E. Harris, A. M., M. D., now a resi dent of Macomb, is a native of Virginia, born in Charlotte county, April 6, 1812. His parents were Eobert and Mary (Bailey) Harris, both of whom died when the object of this sketch was a child. In 1830 he went to Kentucky, in which state he received his classical and medical education, by personal applica tion, supplemented by a course of in struction at Hahneman college, Chicago, from which institution he is a graduate. He came to this county in October, 1849, and engaged in the ministry, taking charge of McDonough college, of which school he was principal a number of years. He was subsequently pg,stor of the Presbyterian church for a time. In 1855 he removed to Missouri, and re turned to this county in 1861. In 1862 he went into the service as chaplain of the 84th Illinois volunteer infantry, but in consequence of poor health, came home. During his stay in Missouri he met with an accident which crippled him for life and was unable to endure the life inci dent to the army. In 1864 he practiced medicine at Warsaw, Hancock county, Illinois, and subsequently at Pittsfield, Mt. Sterling and other places. He re turned to this county in 1878, locating first at Colchester. He is now by reason of age and infirmity unable to practice to any extent. He was first married to Martha P. Hughs who died shortly after ward leaving one child — Ella A., now living in Macomb. He was again mar ried to Mary P. WUson, May 31, 1837. By the second marriage there were ten children — James H., living in Macomb; William T., living in Iowa; Martha P., living at home; Ealph E., living in Ma comb; John G., (deceased), Mary E., living in Iowa; Charles S., living in Prairie City; Sarah C, living at Mt. Sterling; and Dollie B., at home. WiUiam F. Bayne, M. D., the oldest practising physician in Macomb, located there in 1854, and engaged in the prac tice of his profession. In 1861, he went to St. Louis, Missouri, and assisted in raising company B, 10th Missouri in fantry, and was mustered into service as captain of said company. He partici- 414 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. pated in the battles of luka, Corinth, Jackson, Champion HiU, and the siege of Vicksburg, besides numerous skir mishes. He served nearly two years when he resigned on account of impaired health. Eeturning to Macomb, he went from there to the Eocky Mountain region where he staid several months for the benefit of his health. In the fall of 1864 he resumed his practice at Macomb and still continues the same. He was born in Shelby county, Kentucky, January 2, 1827, his parents being William and Barbara (Blankenbaker) Bayne. His fa ther was a native of Kentucky, she being a daughter of Nicholas Blankenbaker, a soldier of the revolutionary war. The family came to Illinois in 1831, and set tled in Adams county, and followed farming. Mr. Bayne spent his early life on his father's farm and attended such schools as the county afforded. At the age of 21 years he left home, and for two years worked at the carpenter's trade, then commenced the study of medicine, and also pursued his trade during the summer seasons. In 1853, he entered the Eclectic medical insti tute at Cincinnati, Ohio, where he took one course of lectures, after which he practiced at Macomb. In 1869 he at tended a course of lectures at the Electic medical college of Pennsylvania, from which college he graduated. Dr. Bayne has been married twice. In June 1851, to Martha A. Herndon, Avho died in March 1852, leaving one child which died soon after; and in October, 1854, to Lydia J. Fream, a native of Pennsylva nia. By this marriage seven children have been born, two of whom are now living — George G., and Nellie. He is a republican in politics, and has held sev eral local offices, and is also a mem ber of the I. O. O. F. and A. O. U. W. orders. Dr. Benjamin Irvin Dunn, one of Macomb's prominent and successful physicians, is a native of Madison county, Kentucky, and was born July 21, 1822. His father, Nathaniel A. Dunn, was also a native of Kentucky; by trade a tanner, but his principal occupation was farming. The doctor's mother was formerly Sophia W. Irvin, a native of Eockingham county, Virginia, and the daughter of a Presbyterian minister. In the fall of 1825 his parents removed from Kentucky to Crawfordville, In diana, then a small brush town with In dians all around, where they lived many years and died. Ten children were born unto them, seven of whom still survive (1885), two sons and five daugh ters. The doctor was reared on a farm and attended such schools as the country afforded at that early day. Subsequently he attended Wabash college, from which he graduated in 1845. Upon leaving college, his health being somewhat im paired, he returned to his native state and engaged in teaching school for a time. Though offered strong induce ments by his friends to remain with them, being conscientiously opposed to living where the people claimed the right to hold their fellowmen in bond age, he returned to his home in Indiana and commenced the study of medicine in 1848, with Dr. James G. McMechan as his preceptor. In 1850 he entered Eush medical college at Chicago, from which institution he subsequently graduated and entered upon his life work with his HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 415 old preceptor at CraAvf ordsville. In 1852 he concluded to look up a new location, and with horse, buggy and medicine, shingle, etc., he faced westward ready to settle at such place as might offer suc cess in business. Stopping a few days in Macomb, his attention was called to Middletown (now Fandon), where he commenced business. The result proved the wisdom of his choice, as his prac tice increased rapidly. In March, 1854, he removed to Macomb and engaged in the drug business with J. D. Yeiser un til the 17th of May, when he was united in marriage with Lucy J. Craig, of Dan ville, Kentucky, who was here on a visit with her sister Mrs. Mary V. Yeiser. In the fall of 1854 he, in partnership with Isaac P. Monfort, bought the drug store of J. D. Yeiser and continued the busi ness for the next four years in connec tion with his practice; then, selling his interest in the drug business to Dr. David Eice, continued his practice until May, 1864, when he enlisted as a soldier in the service of his country in company C, 137th Illinois infantry, and served as hospital steward and as assistant surgeon at Memphis, Tennessee, where, August 21, he was captured by rebel General Forrest, and being left in charge of the rebel sick and wounded, was released and permitted to return to his regiment. At the expiration of enlistment (October 30), he returned home with his health greatly impaired, but resumed practice as soon as able, which he still continues as health permits. The doctor is zeal ously interested in the Holstein breed of cattle, being the first to introduce the stock into McDonough county. The doctor is also a strong advocate of tem perance, as was also his father and all of the family. He considers his temper ance work with as great satisfaction as any other effort of his life. The doctor is also a staunch republican in politics. He is an earnest comrade of the Grand Army of the Eepublic, post 103, Ma comb, Illinois. He was from infancy carefully taught in the Presbyterian faith, with which church he and his household are connected. They have had ten children born to them, seven of whom are now liAdng (1885), Charles A.. Carrie C, Anna M., Eddie I., Effie L., Mabel V. and Lucy H. Dr. P. F. Garrettson is a native of Ill inois, and was born in 1847. He com menced reading medicine under Dr. John L. White, after attending college in Alton, this state. He afterwards at tended the St. Louis medical college, and graduated therefrom in 1869. In April of that year, he located at Macomb, where he has since followed his profes sion. Elizabeth Van Pelt became his wife in 1869. He is a, Eoyal Arch Ma son, a member of the I, O. O. F., K. P., and A. O. U. W. PHYSICIANS OF COLCHESTEB. Lewis Jeffries was the first physician to locate at Colchester. He came from Bethel township to this place, in 1857. His father was an old settler of the county. Mr. Jeffries remained here un til 1867, when he removed to Macomb. The present members of this honored prof ession - are Drs. W. H. Weir, B. F. Johnson, Chas. Howell and C. W. Fugate. Dr. W. H. Weir, is one of the pres ent members of the general assembly. and is treated of in that connection. 416 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Dr. B. F. Johnson, of Colchester, was born in Morgan county, Illinois. In 1865 his parents removed to McDon ough county, settling near Colchester. The doctor began the study of medicine in 1873, under Dr. W. E. Pitner, of Ten nessee, this county. He attended Keo kuk medical college two terms, graduat ing there. He began practicing in Col chester in October, 1879. He was mar ried in June, 1875, to Mary F. Irwin. The firm of Fugate & Howell, M. D's of Colchester, was formed March 24, 1884. Charles Howell, of the firm, was born in Scott county, Illinois, August 10. 1851. During 1881 and 1882, he at tended the Keokuk college of physi cians and surgeons. March 12, 1884, he graduated from the coUege of physicians and surgeons at Chicago, and a few days later became a member of the above firm. He is married to Hattie Young, of this county, and has one child. C. W. Fugate, the other member of the firm, was born in Pike county, Illi nois, August 27, 1840. He graduated from Eush medical college, Chicago, in 1864. He began practice in Mt. Pleas ant, Illinois, but only remained there six months. He came to Colchester, Mc Donough county, in 1877, and, in 1884, _Jormed his present partnership, and has a very good practice. July 12, 1865, he was married to Eebecca Baker, of Adams county, this state. They have two chil dren, Lena E., and Ada S. PHYSICIANS OF BUSHNELL. The first medical practitioner to locate in the city of Bushnell, was Dr. George Scroggs, who came here in 1855. He re mained for many years, and enjoyed a large and lucrative practice. He is now living in Missouri. Dr. Albert S. Clark, at one time a prac ticing physician of Bushnell, came to that place in 1856, when it was a strag gling village, where he run a drug store in connection with his practice. He is a native of Northampton county, Pennsyl vania, born July 31st, 1823. In 1844, he began the study of medicine with Dr. E. Boyington, of Belvidere, New Jersey. He then attended the medical depart ment of the university of New York, from which he is a graduate. He came to Bushnell, as above, being the second doctor in the town, and where he still re sides, although he has to a great extent given up practice. Dr. L. M. Markham was the next, com ing to Bushnell during the Arinter of 1856-7. He also remained in practice here some time, dying while a resident of this place. He was closely followed by Dr. F. S. Secor, who made his appearance here in 1857. He soon made quite a practice, and resided here until 1865, when he re moved from the place, dying at Odin, in this state, at a later date. Dr. D. T. Morgan was the next to la bor in this profession, Avhich he most successfully did until overtaken by death himself while a citizen of Bushnell. Bushnell can now boast of a fine array of medical talent, prominent among whom are the following gentlemen: Doctors W. T. Beadles, James Kay, W. E. Haines, George Cowgill, H. M. Har rison and E. K. Westfall. Thelat ter named gentleman haviug been elected and served as a member of the state leg- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 417 islature, has been treated of in that con nection. WUliam T. Beadles, oneof the leading physicians of McDonough county, began praictice in Bushnell, in March, 1866, where he has since practiced his profes sion. He is a native of Fulton county, Illinois, and was born January 23, 1836, his parents being Joel and Theiy (Mc Gee) Beadles, the former of whom was a native of Danville, Kentucky, and the latter of Harrodsburg, same state. Joel Beadles' death occurred during the year 1843, and his wife died in 1852. Dr. Beadles was reared in Fulton and neigh boring counties, and, from 1857 to 1859, attended the Michigan university at Ann Arbor, the latter year of which time was spent in the medical department of that institution A part of the above time he returned to Lewistown, Illinois, and read medicine under Dr. E. E. McDowell, of that city, for some eighteen months. But during that time he also attended Mc Dowell's medical college at St. Louis, from which popular institution he grad uated on the 29th of February, 1860. He then began practice in Fulton county, Illinois, and 18 months later, in the spring of 1862, entered the service of the United States as assistant surgeon 4th regiment,Illinois cavalry. After remain ing with that regiment eighteen months, he was assigned as assistant surgeon of 1st battalion of 4th Illinois cavalry, which battalion was detailed as an escort for General Grant. After the fall of Vicksburg, the doctor was commissioned as surgeon, and during the latter part of his service was surgeon in chief of cav alry forces of the district of West Ten nessee, with headquarters at Memphis. He was honorably discharged January 26th, 1866. In the month of March, fol lowing, he located at Bushnell, as before stated. At present he is one of the sur geons for the Wabash railway company, his territory extending from Canton to La Harpe, and for the past 18 years has served as a United States pension sur geon. The doctor held the office of mayor of Bushnell during 1877, and has also been a member of the board of ed ucation. In the performance of the du ties of the various offices to which he has been called, he gave entire satisfac tion to the people he represented. On the 26th of August, 1865, Dr. W. T. Beadles and Tabitha Leeper, a native of Kentucky, Avere united in marriage. They are the parents of two children — Charles H. and Luana E. His wife died March 28th, 1885. Dr. James Kay, of BushneU, is a graduate of the medical department of the Ann Arbor, Michigan university. He located at Bushnell, in November, 1865, where he has since been engaged in practice. He is a native Kentuckian, and was born in August, 1829. His marriage with Nettie B. Bane, a native of Ohio, was solemnized in August, 1856. He is at present the president of the school board, and is a deacon of the Baptist church. William E. Haines, M. D., located in Bushnell as a practitioner in April, 1880, and has succeeded in building up a very good practice. He is a native of Penn sylvania, and was born July 2, 1839. In the spring of 1861, he came to Vermont, Illinois, and enlisted the following Octo ber in company I, llth Illinois cavalry. His discharge dates July 14, 1865. In 418 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 1867 and 1868, he attended the medi cal department of the Pennsylvania university, graduating thereform in March, 1868. He then returned to Ful ton county, where he practiced until 1880, then removing to BushneU. Mary A. Starr, of Pennsyh'ania, became his wife in March, 1868. They have two children — Mary E. and Jennie. George J. Cowgill, M. D., of Bush nell, came to McDonough county, Illi nois, in 1854, and located at Bardolph, where he practiced until 1866, then re moving to Bushnell. He is a native of Orange county, Virginia, and was born in 1805. In 1840 and 1841, he attended the Columbus, Ohio, medical college, from which institution he graduated in the last named year. He was ordained a minister of the M. E. church, in 1842. In May, 1827, Anna Gray became his Arife, and they now have two children — Hannah and John F. Mr. Cowgill has been a member of the Masonic order since 1838. Dr. H. M. Harrison, of Bushnell, is a native of Licking county, Ohio, and was born July 26, 1852. In 1854, his par ents removed to Fulton county, Illinois, and two years later returned to Ohio. They again removed to Fulton county, in 1856, where the doctor Avas reared. He began reading medicine when 15 years of age, and graduated from the St. Louis medical college, in 1872, locating at Bushnell some years later, where he has since followed his profession. PHYSICIANS OF BLANDINSVILLE. Among the early medical men of this town, none stand out as prominently as Drs. W. A. Huston and John Hardesty. The former of these afterwards removed to Macomb, and is treated of in that con nection. Dr. John Hardesty was born in Vir ginia, May 13, 1793. His mother's maiden name was Nancy Fowler, her family being one of the oldest in this state and haA'ing a number of represent atives now living in this county. Dur ing the early life of John he lived and worked with his parents on a farm and in the common or subscription schools of his time laid the foundation of an ed ucation secured in after years by self- application. When war with Great Britain was proclaimed in 1812, the patriotic feeling inherited from his sire caused him to en roll his name among his country's de fenders, and, although young in years, he went forth, and during the entire campaign bore himself as become a hero. In May, 1811, Mr. Hardesty was united in marriage with Elizabeth Hungate, daughter of Colonel John Hungate, of Kentucky, by whom he had nine sons and three daughters. In 1818, he, with his family, left his Kentucky home for Illinois, and for six years resided in Hamilton county, removing from thence to Adams county, where he remained four years, when he came to McDon ough county, arriving here on the 3d day of April, 1830, and securing for a home the southwest quarter of section 9, in what is now Blandinsville township in the neighborhood of the well-known "Job's settlement." With the excep tion of some three years spent in Mis souri, he lived in this neighborhood un til death called him away. Mr. Hard esty came to this county before it was HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 419 organized, and at the first election was one of three elected to fill the office of county commissioner, to which office he was several times re-elected. As one of the county commissioners, he assisted in laying off the town of Macomb. While a citizen of Missouri, Mr. Hard esty studied medicine with Dr. Johnson, of Savannah, in that state, and during his residence there, built up a large practice. On returning to McDonough county he continued to practice for some years. In this field of usefulness he achieved some success, bringing to bear upon the discharge of the duties of his profession rare common sense in the dis cernment of disease. Dr. Hardesty was called to his long home on the 3d day of September, 1875, and was buried near Hillsborough church, of which body he had long been a member. Elder J. H. Delano, of Blandinsville, delivered the furneral sermon, and his body was laid away to await the summons on the res- urection morn. The medical fraternity is represented at present by Doctors J. . H. Emery, W. M. Huston, J. M. Duncan, S. Thomp son, and J. E. Gamble, sketches of whom are here appended. J. H. Emery, M. D., was born Feb ruary 5, 1834, in Eichland county, Ohio. He is the second son of Henry and Olive (Jacobs) Emery, who moved from Ohio to this state in an early day and settled in Fulton county, Illinois! J. H. Emery lived on a farm with his father until he was of age, then he began teaching school and followed that profession for six years, giving good success as a teacher. He came to McDonough couny in 1861, taught school six months near Bushnell, then six months at Good Hope, where he became acquainted with Dr. Duncan. Studied medicine with him one year. He then attended medical lectures at Keokuk, Iowa, and came to Blandinsville in 1863, where he has since resided, engaged in the practice of med icine. In the year 1864, he opened a drug store, and still carries on that bus iness in connection with his practice. He has, also, engaged in farming and stock-raising to a considerable extent, and has a good farm admirably adapted to the latter, located three and a half miles west and south of Blandinsville, and contains 220 acres. He has several head of thoroughbred short-horn, grades, and other stock cattle on his farm. Dr. Emery was .married in 1865 to Ehoda Hardesty, anative of McDonough county, and has by this union seven children. Olin P., James H., Otto, Eoscoe D., Lois E., Daisy E., and Mamie. Dr. Emery has been successful both as a medical practitioner, druggist and as a stock raiser. Politically he is a sup porter of the democratic party, as a cit izen, he is popular and highly reputed. William M. Huston, M. D., one of the most popular and experienced medical practitioners of McDonough county, was born August 6, 1829, near the city of Jacksonville, in Morgan county, Illinois. In 1830 his parents removed to this county and located on a farm. William remained at home, engaged in working upon the farm and attending the district school until he reached the age of 18 years. He was then sent to school in Macomb one year and subsequently, in Galesburg two years. In 1850 he com menced studying medicine and after- 420 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. wards attended the Eclectic medical col lege at Cincinnati, taking two courses of lectures. In 1853 he went to Monmouth, Warren county, Illinois, and there began his career as a physician, thence to Mex ico, Missouri, where he remained 18 months, then returned to Illinois and located in Eushville. He continued there practicing his profession, from 1857 till 1861, then removed to Hender son county, where he engaged < in farm ing in connection with his medical prac tice, remaining there until 1870, when he came to McDonough county and located at Blandinsville. He has been a resi dent here since that time during which he has won a wide and enviable reputa tion for skill in his profession and has had, and is still in the enjoyment of an extensive and remunerative practice. He was married June 19, 1855, to Sarah Coleman, a native of Hopkinsville, Christian county, Kentucky. They are the parents of three children, all of whom are living at home. Doctor Huston is a member of the Masonic fraternity and politically a democrat. J. M. Duncan, physician in Blandins- AT-Ue, was born in this county, three miles northwest from the village, April 8, 1859. His parents were John and Margaret (Wright) Duncan. The for mer died March 4, 1873, in this county, and was buried in "Old Liberty" ceme tery. The latter died in 1856 and was buried in the same place. J. M. re mained at home with his parents until he was 21 years of age. He was educated in the common schools of the county, and has taught school in this state and Iowa and Missouri. In 1862 he enlisted in Captain Hume's company, 78th Illi nois volunteers, and served until the close of the war. He was among those of his company who were captured at Muldrose's Hill, Kentucky, was paroled, and spent nearly a year at Benton Bar racks, St. Louis, before being exchanged. During his service he was for nearly one year hospital steward at Nashville, Ten nessee. He also served for a time as quartermaster's clerk on Gen. Sherman's staff. At the close of the war he was married to Mary J. Cranshaw, of Hen derson county. In February, 1866, he went to Texas and engaged in the prac tice of medicine, and returned in Novem ber, 1868, and was with Dr. Butler, of LaHarpe, for one year. He then entered a medical college at Keokuk, and gradu ated February 21, 1870. He then com menced the practice of medicine in Ad ams county, this state, and in 1871 and 1872 he attended a full course of medical lectures in St. Louis, and graduated with the highest degree. He continued to practice in Adams county untU October, 1879, when he located in BlandinsAdlle, where he has remained. In connection with his practice he has a drug store. Five children have been born to his fam ily, four of whom are living. Arthui" Q. was born August 14, 1866; Alta Belle, July 30, 1872; James Melvin, June 7, 1880; Sura Wilmerth, December 10, 1882. Euby Mary, died July 25, 1871, at Mar- celline, Adams county. The father of J. M., John Duncan, was one of the pio neers of the county, having emigrated from White county, Tennessee, in 1832, and settled in Blandinsville township, and followed farming until the day df his death. The family consisted of eleven children, nine boys and two girls: Mary HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 421 Jane, born October 5, 1825; Thomas B., born June 18, 1828; Elizabeth, born July 20, 1830; Charles, born February 5, 1832; William, born Deceniber 27, 1833; Joel, born October 6, 1835; John, born Sep tember 15, 1837; James M., born April 8, 1839; Benjamin F., born July 15, 1841; Harrison H., born December 11, 1844; Samuel B., May 6, 1846. Of 'these, eight are now living. Charles died in the mines of California, May 27, 1853; Joel died in this county June 20, 1857; Eliza beth died in June, 1879. Jarifies M. is a member of the Grand Army of the Eepublic. Dr. B. A. Duncan, well known through out the county as an able physician, came to McDonough county in 1849, and lo cated on the site of the present village of Industry, where he remained in full practice for 28 years, with the exception of the few months spent in the service of the general government, as private and hospital steward in the 128th Illinois in fantry, a 100-day regiment. Dr. Dun can was born in Frankfort, Washington county, Pennsylvania, April 6, 1825. He at first studied medicine under the cele brated Dr. Alexander McCandless, of Pittsburg, and later at the medical col lege, of the same city, and of which he was a gradute. He was married in 1845, to Julia Standard, who died November 1, 1863. The doctor on the 8th of No vember, 1864, niarried Martha Merrick. On the 31st of March, 1877, Dr. Duncan left this world of trouble, for a better one, leaving a mourning family. Dr. Sylvester Thompson, practicing physician, came to this county in 1867. He was born in Hancock county, March 27th, 1845. His parents were Nathaniel and Eebecca (Spangler) Thompson. Syh^ester remained at home Avorking upon a farm until he Avas about 17 years of age, when he went to Abingdon col lege, where he remained some three years. He studied medicine with Dr. Eeece, of Abingdon, for a time, then went to a medical school at Ann Arbor, Mich igan, and then to Eush niedical college, Chicago,, graduating from that institu tion February 3d, 1869. After receiving his diploma he went to Missouri, prac ticed medicine some four years, and then took another course of lectures at the Missouri medical college, and returned to Blandinsville, where he has since re sided. He was married September 17th, 1878, to Olive A. Alexander. They have four children. Dr. John E. Gamble is a native of Ohio, born in Knox county, March 26, 1837. He came to this county in De cember, 1876. His parents are John E. and Lavina ( Collins ) Gamble. He lived with his parents upon a farm until 16 years of age, when he came to Douglas county, in this state, where he remained, farming, trading, etc., until 1860, when he commenced the study of medicine in the university of Michigan, and after wards at Bellevue hospital. New York. He practiced medicine, at first in Ohio, but since 1876 he has practiced in this county. He was married May 24, 1866. to Martha J. McVey. They have had six children, four now living, and all at home. s OTHEE PHYSICIANS IN THE COUNTY. Throughout the county, both in the smaller towns and villages and in some entirely ruraL districts, are located pliy- 25 422 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. sicians, some of most excellent ability, and all of them able to cope with disease and death. Among these may be men tioned, Drs. E. N. Campbell, Abraham Hull, James E. Hull and S. F. Sanders, of Good Hope ; Dr. V. Stookey, of Fan don; Dr. B. F. Irish, of Hire township; Drs. J. B. Knapp and H. B. Sikes, of Bardolph; Drs. D. M. Creel and G. G. Shannon, of Industry; Dr. J. B. Le Matty, of New Philadelphia; Drs. Henry and W. L. Kreider and A. M. Westfall, of Prairie City: and Dr. W. E. Pittman. Ebenezer N. Campbell, M. D., a prac ticing physician at Good Hope, is' a son of DaAdd Campbell, and was born Janu ary 8, 1849, in Walnut Grove township. He was reared upon a farm, the farm of his birth, and attended the district schools. At the age of 19 he went to Macomb and attended the Branch col lege, after which he spent one year at home. He then went to Good Hope and spent a year studying and teaching music,after which he went to South Bend, Indiana, and attended the National normal school, then returned to Good Hope and engaged in teaching. The foUoAving summer he attended another normal school at Binghamton, New York, then returned to Good Hope and followed teaching. Two years later he formed a partnership with his father and engaged in the mercantile business, which he continued two years, then sold out. He soon after began the study of medicine in the office of Drs. Wright & Hull, at Good Hope. During the win ter of 1877-78 he attended his first course of lectures at the college of Physicians and Surgeons in Keokuk, Iowa, continu ing his studies at Good Hope the follow ing summer. He returned to Keokuk in the fall of 1878, and graduated Feb ruary 25, 1879. He began the practice of medicine April 17, 1879, at Walnut Grove station, McDonough county, where he remained until September, 1880. At that date he removed to Good Hope, where he has since been practicing his profession. Doctor Campbell has been very successful in his practice, and has already won an enviable reputa tion for his skill in battling with dis eases. He has an extensive and increas ing business. He was married Septem ber 11, 1873, to Sidney Monger, a native of Ohio, who was born September 11, 1855, and died AprU 7, 1875. Novem ber 5, 1879, Dr. Campbell was married to Emily F. Armstrong, a native of Kentucky, who was born August 3, 1852. By this latter union there are two chU dren, vix: Homer M. and Winnifred F. Dr. and Mrs. Campbell are members of the Presbyterian church at Good Hope. He is a republican politically and has held the office of postmaster and other local offices. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, Milan lodge, Nd. 617, and as a gentleman and citizen is popular and much esteemed. Dr. Samuel F. Sanders, located in the village of Good Hope, is a native of Fulton county, Illinois, born April 16, 1845, and is a son of J. T. Sanders, a native of Pennsylvania, who now resides in Bushnell, this county. The doctor is the second of four children, and received his literary education at Abingdon, Illi nois, at the Hedding college. He grad uated from the college of Physicians and Surgeons, at Keokuk, Iowa, in 1868, when he came to McDonough county, HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 423 settling at Good Hope, where he is still engaged in active practice. He also graduated from the Missouri medical college in 1872, and took a post-graduate course at Eush medical coUege, Chicago, in the spring of 1881. Dr. Sanders was married, in May, 1871, to Matilda A. Morris, a daughter of Thomas Morris, an old settler of Good Hope. They have been blessed in the birth of three children: Ula M.,' Frederick M. and Eoy A. Abrali.am Hull, M. D., also of Good Hope, was born in Licking county, Ohio, April 2, 1815, where he received his edu cation, and attended the Granville college about two years. He begaii the study of medicine in 1839, with Dr. Green, now a resident of Decorah, Iowa, and Dr. FIoav- ers, of Perry county, that state, remain ing with each about a year. In 1842 he began practice in Fulton county, Illinois, and two years later entered the medical department of Kemper coUege, gradu ating from that institution in the spring of 1844 He then returned to Fulton county, and later went to Kansas City, Missouri, returning to Fulton county again in 1875, where he remained two years, when he came to McDonough county, locating at Good Hope, where he has since engaged in the practice of his profession. Dr. Hull was married on December 25, 1868, to Caroline Hezlep- Two children have been born to them — James E. and Libbie C. Doctor James E. Hull, a resident of Good Hope, was born in Peoria county, Illinois, May 3, 1860. He entered the office of his father for the study of med icine, and in 1877 attended to courses of lectures at the Keokuk, Iowa, medical college, from which he graduated in 1880_. He settled in the village of Sciota, this couuty, where he practiced three years, when he went to Good Hope and engaged in practice with his father, Avhere he still resides. He was married, September 9, 1880, to Chloe B. Warner. They are the parents ot two children — Carrie B. and Fred W. D. V. Stookey, M. D., Fandon, is a native of Lamoine township, this county, born August 19, 1861. He is a son of Benjamin Stookey, and was reared on his father's farm. He attended com mon school at Plymouth and business college at Quincy. He also attended the South Abingdon college for a short time. He begaii the study of medicine under Dr. D. J. Fugate, and attended the col lege of Physicians and Surgpons at Keo kuk in 1881 and 1882, graduating there in 1883. He was a partner of Dr. Fu gate for 18 months after returning from school. He was married in 1878 to Sarah Cecil. They have three children. Benjamin F. Irish came to McDon ough county in 1853, and settled near Fandon, and practiced medicine for three years, after which he removed to Colchester, where he engaged in farm ing four years, but lived about Colches ter from 1856 to 1872. He now lives on the farm of Ebenezer Hicks and con trols about 470 acres. His farm lies in Bethel toAvnship, where he oavus one- half section of land. B. F. Irish was born and raised in Michigan and studied medicine with his father, Thomas Irish, who was then a practicing physician in Ann Arbor. He studied in the eclectic schools and has always practiced under that form of practice. At present he 424 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. does not do much in this line, only go ing on occasional visits among the neigh bors as necessity compels. Mr. Irish has been twice married, the latter union being with Mary F. Hicks, a daughter of E. N. Hicks, of Hire township. Dr. James B. Knapp was born in Cam eron, Steuben county. New York, Feb ruary 15, 1836, and is the son of Wil iam and Ann E. ( Osborn ) Knapp. His father was a farmer in Steuben county ; he died in 1875. His mother died in 1865. His early life was spent in his native state, where he was educated. In 1857 he went to Shelby county, Ken tucky, where he taught school for about two years, when he returned to his old home and commenced the study of med icine, with Dr. S. Mitchell, who was then a practicing physician at Cameron Mills, teaching school, however, during the first two years, he prosecuted his studies. In July, 1862, he came to Knox county, Illinois, and in August, 1862, he entered the army, enlisting as a private in the 102d Illinois infantry. In Jan uary, 1864, at Gallatin, Tennessee, he was made hospital steward, and while engaged in front of Atlanta in carrying the wounded of his regiment off the field, he was wounded in the right thigh by a piece of shell, which he still keeps as a memento. After receiving his wound, he was sent to hospital No. 2, at Nash ville, Tennessee, where, when he became convalescent, he was assigned to the dis pensary and acted as pharmacist. There were 5000 sick and wounded receiving at tention at the hospital at this time. Upon the surrender of Lee, he secured his discharge, and returned to the state of New York. He had previously vis ited his old home while on furlough, and, in February, 1864, was married to Nancy J. Cronkrite, a native of Tyrone, Schuy ler county. New York, daughter of Henry and Catherine (McDowell) Cronkrite. In the fall of 1865 he entered the medi cal department of the university of Buf falo, Avhere he prosecuted his studies for five months, and in the spring of 1866 he commenced the practice of medicine at Townsend, Schuyler county. New York. He remained there but six months, when he went to Odessa, in the same county, and while residing there he continued his medical studies at Buf falo, graduating February 22, 1870. He continued the practice of his profession at Odessa until 1872, when he came to McDonough county, settling in Bar dolph, where he has since continued in practice. In 1876, though having a large practice, ill-health compelled him to relinquish his profession in part, and with S. W. Dallum he bought out Gard ner & Porter. In 1882 Dallum sold his interest to George Curry, and the firm became Curry & Co. They carry a stock of about- $2,000, consisting of drugs, groceries, and a small amount of hard ware. He is a member of the Masonic order, A. O. U. W., and G. A. E. He has four children: Melville G, Char lotte S., James B. and George B.; the latter are twins. W. L. Kreider, M. D., practicing phy sician at Prairie City, is a son of George and Barbara (BroAvn) Kreider, natives of Pennsylvania. George Kreider was a son of Christian Kreider, also a native of Pennsylvania, who died in 1849, aged 92 years. W. L. Kreider was born Jan uary 31, 1832, in Washington county, of HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 425 the same state, and removed with his parents to Fulton county, Illinois in 1835. They located on section 25, Union township. In the spring of 1856, Dr. Kreider came to McDonough county, and settled in Prairie City. He was married May 14, 1857, to Louisa C. Weaver, daughter of Jonathan Weaver, of Prairie City. Five children have been born to them, three of whom are living — Carrie L., wife of Edward John son, of Ohio; Nettie M. and O. Winnie, living with their parents.- The two others are dead. Mrs. Kreider and her daughters are members of the Presby terian church. Dr. Kreider is a gradu ate of Eush medical college, at Chicago; and is well qualified, both by nature and education, for his responsible duties as a physician. He is popular and suc cessful, and has an extensive practice. He is liberal in politics. Henry W. Kreider, M. D., an early settler and prominent citizen of McDon ough county, was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, October 24, 1818. He came to this state with his parents, George and Barbara (Brown) Kreider, in October, 1835, and settled in Fulton county, where he remained until March, 1866. At that date he removed to Mc Donough county, and located at Prairie City, and engaged in the practice of medicine. He was married January 20, 1848, to Abigail C. Chatterton, daughter of Cornelius Chatterton, of Ohio, and by this union had one child, Ella M., now the wife of L. C. Hamilton, of Clarinda, Iowa. Dr. Kreider was the first physi cian to locate in Prairie City, and is yet in the enjoyment of an entensive prac tice. He is a graduate of Eush medi cal college, at Chicago. He has been for many years a leading citizen of Prai rie City, and also of McDonough county. He was instrumental in raising the sub scription for building the Prairie City academy, of which he was a trustee, and also a member of the executive commit tee having that institution in charge. He Avas at one time president of the Pekin & Mississippi railroad company. He held that office two years, and dur ing that time raised $260,000, local aid, to carry on the building of said road;' also secured the right of way for 60 miles, and contracted for its construc tion, but on account of the panic of 1872, the enterprise had to be abandoned. He was president of the First National bank of Prairie City two years. He also established the first bank in this place. Thus has he ever been foremost in enterprise and public* spirit, and has done much toward building up the edu cational and business interests, not only of Prairie City, but of this portion of McDonough county, a fact which is duly appreciated by all. Joseph B. LeMatty, practicing physi cian in New Philadelphia, is a native of New Jersey, born August 18, in the year 1846. His mother died in New Jersey, but his father, Joseph LeMatty, is now living at Nauvoo. In early life he worked upon a farm; in 1867 he came to Bushnell and established himself in the business of a barber. While pursu ing this business, he commenced the study of medicine under Dr. A. L. Hoover, and in 1875, went to St. Louis and attended the Missouri medical col lege, and graduated in all the branches of surgery and medicine. He com- 426 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. menced practice in New Philadelphia, in the summer of 1877, and has ever since continued to receive good patronage. He married Mary B. Clark, a daughter of John A. Clark, a Avell known citizen of the county. They have three chil dren — Minnie M., Annie and Daisy. Dr. LeMatty is a member of the Masonic lodge at Vermont, Fulton county, where for a brief period he resided. George G. Shannon, M. D., practicing physician at Industry, was born in that town, October 26, 1850. His parents were William and Mary (Miller) Shan non, natives of Tennessee. William Shannon died in, the spring of 1866, in this toAvnship. His widow still survives him. George G., reinained with his parents and worked upon the farm until 23 years old. He then entered the medical department of the university at Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he was a student three years, graduating from that institution in the spring of 1875, after which he located in Youngstown, Warren county, Illinois, and commenced the practice- of his profession. He con tinued there 18 months, then removed to his native town where he has since reinained, with the exception of a few months in 1880, which he spent in at tending lectures at the Chicago medical college. ' In 1879 he opened a drug store in Industry, whioh business he still car ried on in connection with his medical practice. Although still young. Dr. Shannon has won an enviable reputa tion as a physician, and has an exten sive and remunerative practice. He was married in December, 1875, to Ella Beaver, and has by this union, two chil dren — Maud A. and Frankie. D. M. Creel, M. D., is a son of Dur ham and Mary (Smith) Creel, native Kentuokians, who formed an attachment for each other while schoolmates in their native state. That mutual feeling of regard soon ripened into love, and at age of 19 years they united their desti nies by marriage. Ten children blessed the union, seven sons and three daugh ters — Charles, Malinda, James, Marta- tie F. Cager, Silas, D. M., John, John and Sarah J. The doctor lived with his parents until of age — then attended school until 23 years old at Cherry Grove seminary, Knox county, and then taught school for six years. He was married in 1850 to Mary E. Standard of Industry toAvnship. He there engaged in farming and was thus occupied until May, 1855, Avlieii his wife died leaving two children. He then commenced reading medicine with Dr. B. A. Dun- Can, and subsequently attended medical lectures at Keokuk, loAva. He Avas the second time married July 4, 1867, to Mary C. Adkinson, and in 1868 com menced the practice of medicine in In dustry — where he is now engaged in his chosen profession. A. M. Westfall, M. D., was born Aug ust 29, 1844, in the state of Iowa. The following year, his parents. Fielding L., and Malinda ( Stapleton ) Westfall, came to McDonough county and settled in Macomb where they resided until 1867, In that year they removed to Prairie City. The subject of this sketch was was reared and educated in this county. He studied medicine with his father who was a physician. In 1864, he was married to Mary A. Murray, a daughter of William Murray, of Fulton county, HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 427 They have three children — Minnie A., Willard L., and Frank K. Dr. West- fall is a member of the Masonic fratern ity and of the I. 6. O. F. Dr. Williain E. Pittman was born in Morgan county, this state, March 15th, 1832. He taught school and studied medicine at intervals until 1866, when he commenced the practice of his profes sion which he has continued ever since. March 12, 1857, he was married to Mar tha E. Bacon, who died May 10, 1876, and June 12, 1877, he was married to Sadie Gridley. The doctor is the father of six children, Alice, who died in in fancy; William, died at the age of seven years; James P. and Larkin B., both liv ing; Edith and Maud, by the last mar riage, both living at home. A sketch of Dr. H. B. Sikes, of Bar dolph, will be found in the history of that town, it not having been returned to us in time for insertion in this chapter. CHAPTER XX ECCLESIASTICAL. "You raised these hallowed walls, the desert smiled. And Paradise was opeued in the wild." ' In touching upon the religious his tory, whether the field of the chronicler be extended to the broad expanse of the universe,' or confined to the narrow lim its of a state or county, there stands out on every page, predominant, the fact that the religion of any nation, of any people, of any age, is the foundation of its institutions, the source of its customs, and the one thing nearest the popular heart. Let us go back no further than the dawn of the christian era — though the same conditions appear ,a8 clearly be fore as after that date; we find that for many generations after the birth of Christ, the records of religion comprise the history of the times; later on, we find the religious wars of the crusades upsetting the equilibrium of the whole civilized world. Later still, we find the people of tlie old world, fleeing from re ligious persecution, flocking to Amer ica's gladsome shores, the one object urging them on to the casting of their lots in unexplored climes, being the de sire and firm determination to worship God according to their own belief. Thus we see, as early as 1562, the Hugenots, finding the practice of their religious belief in France impossible, settling Carolina's shores for no other purpose than to carry out this one pre eminent trait of human character — free- 428 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. dom, at least for qne's oaVu religion; then, for like reasons, the Pilgrim Fathers taking up their abode on New England's rock-bound coast; then the Calverts and their followers, fleeing from the ban in England, are found in 1634, peopling Maryland, and taking up again, where it was broken off in their native land, the thread of their religion; and lastly, in our retrospect, we can see the Quakers, that peaceful sect, unable to worship in their quiet fashion at home, following the guidance of William Penn,and settling on that pleasant Penn sylvania grant which his foresight and wisdom had provided for them in the promised land — the new world. And is it any wonder that at this later day, and in this land of freedom, the descendants of those people still hold an elevated opin ion of that for which their* ancestors fought and bled, suffering the afflictions of martyrdom and banishment? Eight here, among our own people, with all the rough edges of conflicting creeds worn away by the contact of years, it is not difficult to note the fact that a man's re ligion, or the want of it, is the underly ing trait of his character, if his senti ments be fully aroused ou that point. So, mindful of this fact, in giving the ecclesiastical history of McDonough county, it will be the endeavor to treat of each sect independently, instituting no comparisons, but showing historical events as they occurred, and leaving it to the reader to draw his oavu conclusions and inferences. PEESBYTEEIAN GHUECH OF MACOMB. The foUoAving excellent sketch of the history of this church, was prepared for Clarke's "History of McDonough county," by Eev. Josiah Moore, at that time the pastor of the church. We make no apology for presenting it here, as it contains the whole matter. The Presbyterian church of Macomb was the first of this body, and was or ganized June 9, 1832, two years after the county seat was located at Macomb, then a wild prairie. As evidence that the hardships of the wilderness did not bleach the "true blue" Presbyterians, it is said that Eev. Eomulus Barnes, then presiding at Lewistown, proposed to assist in the or ganization, but some objected because they feared he was not sound in the faith; and so they sent to Morgan county for Eev. William J. Frazer. Here, no doubt, is the first step which resulted afterward in the church becom ing Old school. The organization took place in the old log court house that stood near the north east corner of the square. The follow ing are the names of the original mem bers, five men and nine women : Thomas and Jane Grant, Alexander Campbell and Avife, John and Jane Harris, Patsey Naylor, Elizabeth Anderson, Euth Wil son, Jane and Mahala Campbell, San ders Campbell and wife, and Mai-garet Walker. The first elders were John Harris, Thomas Grant, Alexander Camp bell and Sanders Campbell. This church at fii-st included the fields now occupied by the prosperous churches at Camp Creek, Bardolph, Ebenezer and Good Hope, all of which are from six to eight miles distant. Services were held in the log court house until 1834, when the first brick HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 429 court house was erected in the center of the square. This was used until a church building was erected, which was in 1835, or 1836, and on the site of the present edifice, on East Carroll street. This was a brick building, which in a few years had become so small that it was removed and a frame building erected, which was first occupied Janu ary 10, 1853, at three o'clock p. M. In 1867, this house was enlarged and re modelled at a cost of $700, and in 1870, the entire structure was rebuilt and en larged to its present dimensions, at a cost of $4,458. The building is a frame, built in Gothic style, with two spires, one on each of the front corners; it is * entered by a vestibule, in the center of the front end. ¦ A very good bell, weigh ing 900 pounds, hangs in the main spire, which rises from the southwest corner. The audience room is neat and commo dious, well furnished and tastefully fres coed, and is capable of seating about 400 persons. The value of the church structure is $8,000, and the value of the parsonage, which is located on East Jackson street, about $1,600. For want of documents we can only give statistics from 1865, or for about one-fourth of the church's existence. The membership in 1866, was 200. Since, 176 have united on profession and 120 by certificate. Eemovals and deaths leave the present membership 300. Adults baptized, 41; infants, 80. Contributions as foUows : home mis sions, $746; foreign missions, $715; edu cating ministers, $526; publishing and colporter work, $186; building churches, $370; disabled ministers and their fami lies, $180; freedman's mission, sustaining permanent pastorates, commissions to assembly, $163; con gregational work — pastor's salary, sex ton, repairs, ,etc., $20,052 ; miscellane ous — American bible society. Sabbath school union, public charities, etc., $1,629. Total, $24,703, or an average of $2,246.73 per year. About a year after the organization, Eev. W. J. Frazer became stated supply for this and other points in the county until 1836, when Eev. William K. Stew art, of Vandalia, Illinois, was called as pastor. Mr. Frazer, and some of the people not satisfied with this move, at tempted to get up a rival organization, but after a year or so, the effort failed. Mr. Stewart remained as pastor until his death, which occurred on the 19th day of April, 1852; aged 62 years. He was a man of noble worth; an able min ister of the gospel; a devout christian, and a valuable citizen. During the last year or two of Mr. Stewart's ministry, and owing to failing health, he was as sisted by Eev. Ealph Harris, a professor in McDonough college, who, after the death of Mr. Stewart, became stated supply, and September 17, 1863, was elected pastor, at a salary of $500 per year. He resigned the pastorate Janu ary 20, 1855, and Eev. Ithamar Pills bury, president of McDonough college, was elected stated supply March 7, 1855, and February 23, 1856, he was elected pastor, at a salary of $700 a year. April 10, 1859, he resigned the pastorate, but acceded to the request of the session May 2, to remain as stated supply till the election of a successor, which took place January 26, 1860, when Eobert F. Taylor was elected as stated supply. 430 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Mr. Pillsbury returned to Andover, Illinois, the first field of his labors in the west, where, after a short illness, and on the 20th day of April, 1862, he died, being in the 68th year of his age. Mr. Taylor, failing in health, resigned before the close of the year. In 1862 he went out as chaplain of the 78th Illinois infantry. In January, 1861, Eev. Joseph Warren, D. D., was elected stated supply on a -salary of $800. Mr. Warren had returned from the foreign mission work in India. Eev. John H. Woods was en gaged as stated supply November 6, 1862. October 29, 1863, Mr. Nesbitt was chosen stated supply. He commenced his labors about the first of February, 1864, but was soon elected pastor at a salary of $800, and installed May 28th. April llth, 1868, his salary was fixed at $1,000 per year and a parsonage. Eev. Peter Hathaway K. McComb, of Bloomfield, Pennsylvania, was chosen pastor February 28, 1870, at a salary of $1,000. He resigned May 11, 1873, and on the 18tli of May, Dr. J. Jamieson, by the direction of the presbytery, preached and declared the pulpit vacant. June 1, 1873, Eev. J. Moore, of Canton, Illinois, occupied the pulpit for the first time, and June 16, he was chosen stated sup ply, and October 2, 1874, was chosen pastor with a salary of $1,000 and the use of the parsonage. S. T. Davis was the next pastor, who was succeeded by Eev. H. S. Beavis. The following are the present officers of the church: A. Blackburn, William Hunter, J. E. Wyne, J. H. Provine, M. H. Case and J. H. Cummings, elders ; O. F. Piper, A. P. Wetherhold, H. E. Bar tleson, J. H. Fuhr and G. W. Bailey, deacons; Geo. Eeid, J. B. Venard and John McElrath, trustees. The Sabbath school attached to the Presbyterian church of Macomb, has an average attendance of 150. A. P. Weth erhold is the superintendent. It was or ganized at the same time that the church was, and has a continuous existence ever since, a creditable shoAring that manifests the interest of the congrega tion in this "nursery" of the church. Eev. Horatio S. Beavis, the present pastor of the Presbyterian church, at Macomb, is a native of Canada, born at Guelph, in 1848. He came to the United States during the year 1857, and since then has made it his home. He entered the ministry in 1870, the first four years being connected with the Methodist Episcopal communion, but at the expir ation of that time he transferred his al legiance to the Presbyterian church. He has been pastor of churches at Vermont, Peoria and El Paso, prior to coming to this place, whither he was called in Oc tober, 1883. Mr. Beavis is a highly ed ucated, intelligent gentleman, a most consistent christian, and a zealous worker in his Master's vineyard. The church, under his fostering care, is in a flourish ing condition, and largely attended, both by the members of the congregation, and strangers in the city. He was united in marriage . at Hamilton, Canada, October 20, .1881, with 'Emmit Young, of that city. . BUSHNELL PEESBYTEEIAN CHUECH. [By A. H. McGahan.] The first organization of Presbyterians occurred in 1856, but as the records are not at hand, the exact date of the formal organization of the church can not be HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 431 stated. The minutes of Schuyler pres bytery ( 0. S. ) show that at the meeting at Monmouth, October 14, 1856, "a peti tion from certain persons residing in Bushnell and vicinity, for the organiza tion of ^ church, was read, when, on mo tion, Eevs. J. C. King and Thompson, and Elder S. H. McCandless were ap pointed to organize said church, if the way be clear, and report at the next meeting of the presbytery." At Mt. Sterling, April 3, 1857, "the committee nominated to organize a church at Bush nell, reported that two of the members met on the day appointed, and organized a church at that place Arith thirteen members and two ruling elders." At North Henderson, October 17, 1859, the minutes of the presbytery show that "the church at Bushnell, having become extinct, was stricken fr6m the rolls. It seems that by the advice of ¦ certain members of the presbytery, the strug gling church resolved to abandon their organization, and cast in their lot with the Eeformed church, which was organ ized the same year, as both churches would be very weak if separate organi zations were kept in the field. This state of things continued till the spring of 1868, when it was deemed expedient by a number of Presbyterians, already con nected with the Eeformed church, and others, who had not been connected with any Bushnell church, to again attempt the organization of a Presbyterian church, believing that there was an "open door" for the new church to enter in, and do service in the Master's vine yard. Accordingly, a petition was sent to the spring meeting of the presbytery of Warren (O. S. ), at Monmouth, asking for such an organization. This petition Avas signed by about thirty persons, most of A^'hom were at that time members of the Eeformed church. The presbytery appointed a committee, consisting of Eev. E. C. Matthews, D. D., of Mon mouth; Eev. C. Leavenworth, Eev. George Norcross, of Galesburg, and Elders Wier, of Monmouth, and Jack son, of Galesburg, to visit the field and organize a church, "if the way be clear." The first two members of this committee have since gone to their reward, and the third is now pastor of the church in Car lisle, Pennsylvania. The committee was composed of exceptionally strong, pru dent, cautious, devoted men, who sur veyed well the surroundings, and de cided that the Master's cause would un doubtedly be advanced by the organiza tion of the new church. April 26, 1868, was the day appointed for the formal organization. The meet ing was held in the Baptist church, which was rented for one year — to be used Sabbath afternoons, and at such other times as not needed by their own people. Twenty-one persons presented a certificate in a body from the Eeformed church, of Bushell, and seven from other Presbyterian churches, making twenty- eight in all. I The church building was dedicated August 29, 1869, the dedication sermon being preached by Eev. J. T. Magill, then of Lewistown, Illinois. The church property originally cost about $7,000. During the fall of 1882, $1,000 was spent in repainting, replastering, papering, &c, and the next year a neat and convenient lecture room was added at a cost of $725. 432 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. The church has had five pastors — Eev E. T. McMahon, of the Wythe church, in Hancopk county, was first in vited to take charge of the church. . He continued stated supply for two years, his services ending September 1, 1870. After a vacancy- of a few months, Eev. Matthew Bigger, of Hamilton, Illinois, was called to the pastorate, and he re mained until called up higher by the Master he served — falling dead in his study, December 21, 1872. Eev. Thomas Stephenson, of Farmington, Illinois, as sumed charge of the church April 1, 1873, and remained its pastor until May 1, 1877. The church was without a pas tor until January 1, 1878, when Eev. S. H. Parvin, of New Salem, Illinois, be came pastor, and remained until April 1, 1884. On the 1st day of September, 1884, the present pastor, Eev. Harold J. Frothingham commenced his labors in this field. The reverend gentleman was a licentiate when he took charge of the church, and at a called meeting of the presbytery of Schuyler, December 10, 1886, was ordained to the full work of the gospel ministry, and installed pastor of the church. The original board of ruling elders, or church session consisted of Eobert A. Adams, Eobert Eea, Eobert M. Scott and A. H. McGahan. John C.' Cadwal ader was added to the session May 7, 1871, E. W. Wheeler December 7, 1873, and W. A. Posey December 14, 1873. Mr. Posey was dismissed September 21, 1881, with three others to assist in forming the new Presbyterian church of Walnut grove. The session now con sists of Eobert A. Adams, John C. Cad walader, E. W. Wheeler and A. H. McGahan. The foUoAving brethren were elected deacons May 18, 1873: D. A. McDonald, Wm. Tiedrick, F. M. Deuel and E. W. Wheeler. In August, 1876, W. E. Fowler was added to the board. November 2, 1879, the following addi tional deacons were elected: Eichard Hire, B. F. Pinkley and Frank Sample. Messrs. Deuel and Fowler have removed from Bushnell, and Mr. Wheeler trans ferred to the board of elders, leaving the other brethren named as the present board of deacons. June 29, 1868, the first board of trustees was elected as follows: E. M. Scott, Joseph Neff and A. H. McGahan. The present board consists of J. C. Cadwalader, D. A. Mc Donald and A. H. McGahan. The Sabbath school was organized in the fall of 1869, as soon as the new church was occupied. A. H. McGahan was the first superintendant and cashier, and has been re-elected each year since. The present membership is about 176. The present membership of the church is 150, death and removals having been almost equal to the present membership. The original membership consisted of the following persons : * John W. Adams, fMrs. Minerva F. Adams, Eobert A. Adams, Mrs. Carolina Adams, fPriscilla "Adams, Mrs. Carrie Anderson, fD. H. Bodine, fMrs. Harriet S. Bodine, fMrs. Maria C. Hesler, A. H. McGahan, Mrs. Alice W. McGahan, Mrs. Eliza A. Mc Gahan, fMrs. Lydia A. Moore, *Joseph Neff, Mrs. Mary Neff, fMrs. Jennie Odell, *Eobert Eea, *Mrs. Hannah Eea, Frank Sample, Mrs. Eebecca Sam ple, tE. M. Scott, Mrs. A. K. Scott, fMrs. E. A. Sieber, Mrs. Elizabeth J. Sperry, Wm. Tiedrick, *Mrs. 0. Tied- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 433 rick, tH. S. WeUs, fMrs. Frances Wells. Those marked * are deceased — those marked f have removed, leaving only 12 of the original members still on the roll of the church. The church property cost in the neighborhood of $7,000, and is generally regarded^as the neatest church in Bush nell; it was erected under the superin tendency of F. A. Cooley. The plaster ing was done by Shafer & Kuhn; the painting by Adams, Barrett & Travis; the frescoing by Jevin & Almini, of Chicago, and the stained glass windows by Geo. A. Misch & Bro., of the same city. PEESBYTEEIAN CHUECH, GOOD HOPE. At the fall meeting, in 1868, of the Presbytery of Warren, a committee was appointed, consisting of Eev. E. C. Mat thews, D. D., Eev. E. T. McMahan, and Euling Elder, M. Lichenthale, to visit Good Hope and organize a church, if the way be clear. Accordingly, said com mittee, except the elder, met at Good Hope, January 30, 1869, and after a ser mon by Eev. McMahan, the chairman stated the object of the meeting. After consultation the committee proceeded to organize the church, There were re ceived as follows: From the Shiloh Presbyterian church — James A. McClel land, Mary C. McClelland, Warren S. Bruce, James M. Hummer, Helen Ann Hummer, David Campbell, Mrs. Winni fred CampbeU, Ebenezer Campbell and Mrs. E. Duel; from the church at Ma comb were the following — Joseph Eol- lins, Mrs. Harriet EoUins, Mrs. Jane M. Painter, Miss I. Ella EoUins, Aaron Bennett, and Mrs. Eosella Bennett; from the Cumberland Presbyterian church at Walnut Grove — Mrs. Eebecca Brawdy, Miss Catherine Brawdy and Mrs. MatUda Morris. J. A. McClelland and Aaron Bennett were elected ruling elders, Joseph EoUins and J. M. Hum mer, deacons; F. Cruzer, clerk and treasurer. In the fall of 1869 he was elected ruling elder, but was not in stalled. Eev. Thomas M. Hench was the first stated supply, and was subse quently chosen pastor, but was not in stalled. He was succeeded by Eev. A. F. Ashley, who supplied the church about two years, commencing in 1870. In December, 1873, Eev I. T. Whitte more, took charge of the church, and in October, 1874, was installed pastor. The present pastor, Eev. L. C. Littel, of Eushville, holds services every tAvo weeks. The present officers of the church are John Cochran, Allan Walker, W. J. Edie and P. Van Pelt, elders; M. H. Bush, J. A. Cochran and J. A. Brown deacons; J. A. Brown, A. A. Walker and W. J. Edie, trustees; P. Van Pelt, clerk. The system of rotary eldership was adopted in December, 1875. The church edifice was erected in 1869, and is located on block one, lot six. It is a good frame structure, 40x60 feet in ground area, and cost about $4,000, with a seating capac ity of about 300. There is also a Sun day-school in connection Arith the church. CAMP CEEBK PEESBYTEEIAN CHUECH. The first services held by the Presby terians in this locality was during the year 1832, and were held in log cabins, barns or in the open air. In 1839, 434 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. measures were taken to organize a church, which met with the success the subject deserved. At the request of the members of the Macpmb church, resid ing on Camp Creek, the Schuyler pres bytery appointed the Eevs. William K. Stewart and Samuel Wilson to organize the church. In pursuance of this they called a meeting, and on the 26th of May, they met at the barn of Joseph McCroskey, and the,.congregation organ ized with the following members: — Saunders W. Campbell, Cynthia Camp bell, Mary Jane Campbell, John W. Walker, Catherine Walker, Jane Til- ford, Jane Walker, Sarah Scott, AVil liam Scott, Walton Scott, Allen Walker, AmeliaWalker, John Clark, Nancy Clark, Hugh McLary, Elizabeth McLary, Har riet McLary, William McLary, Alexan der Provine, Jane Walker, George Provine, Mary Provine, Mary McCros key, Mary Walker, Maria Walker and Samuel McKamy. On organization, Saunders W. Camp bell, John Clark and Alexander Pro- vine were elected ruling elders. Session then met and was constituted with prayer by the Eev. James Staffort, moderator. David Watson and Jane, his wife, pre sented letters and applied for member ship, and were enrolled among the original members of the church, as were Samuel G. and Jane Henderson. On the 10th of November, following, Alex ander Provine was appointed clerk of the ses.sion. At a meeting held in January, 1843, it was determined to invite Eev. J. M. Hoge to preach to them, which invita tion he complied with, in the March fol lowing, and was then called to the pul pit, to devote one-half of his time. He was installed on the first Thursday in October, 1843. At a meeting held at the cabin of Joseph Walker, on the 12th of January, 1843, it was agreed to build a house of worship, 30x36 feet in size on the ground, and 12 feet high in the clear. One acre of ground was donated for a site by Joseph McCroskey. The build ing was to be erected by subscription, but on account of lack of money, most of the subscribers paid in labor or mate rial. It was almost entirely built of native lumber. Basswood logs were then split and legs put into them and they were put into the house for seats. The hardAvare used in the construction was a donation from the two merchants of Macomb, W. W. Bailey and N. P. Tinsley. The members furnished wheat, which was taken to Eushville, by John Clark, and traded for stoves to warm the house. In this house the presbytery of Schuyler held its regular session, in 1844. In 1846, Eev. Mr. Hoge removed to Arkansas, leaving the pulpit vacant. The first Sabbath School was organized in this church in 1844, by E. Spring. On the removal of Mr. Hoge, the church was supplied by Eev. James M. Chase, and in 1847, by Eev. WiUiam K. Stewart. In January, 1848, Eev. James M. Chase was employed to supply the church three-fourths of the time, and continued to do so until November, 1861. The congregation and membership having increased largely; in 1850 an ad dition 12 feet wide and 35 feet long on the west side of the building was erected. November 1, 1851, Eev. WiUiam F. Fer guson was employed as pastor. On the 27th of September, 1857, the congrega- HISTOEY OP MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 435 tion extended a call to Eev. C. Leaven worth, at a salary of $550, with a par sonage and stable on a lot containing three ' acres. The parsonage was then built, on his accepting. It was a neat, comfortable building containing six rooms, and had on the same lot a good stable. Mr. Leavenworth was installed pastor of the church on the 29th of Octo ber, 1857. This year the church deter mined to elect deacons instead of trust ees, and Eobert McNair, Alexander McLary and James C. Watson were the first elected. In 1859, Eev. Joseph Platt succeeded Mr. Leavenworth. Dur ing his ministry a schism arose in the church, that for a time threatened the integrity of the congregation, but was finally adjusted by a portion of the mem bers withdraAving and forming a new congregation. In 1861, the present church edifice was built, on section 27, Scotland toAvnship, at a cost of $1,800. It is 36x48 feet in ground area. The The old one was sold for $40. It is beneath the dignity of history to descend to an account of the squabbles that AriU often arise in any body of peo ple; suffice it to say, that the contest which arose in the church commenced in a dispute over the site of the proposed new church building, fomented by over- zealous partisans of both factions. Some forty-two ^members separated from this church. After the separation, the first elders of Camp Creek church were John G. McGaughy, Alexander McMillan and Cyrus Walker. The latter gentleman was soon after chosen clerk. Eev. James G. Bliss was elected as stated supply, to succeed Mr. Platt, at a meeting held May 10, 1863, and nearly a year later, on the 3d of April, 1864, the church decided on calling that gentleman as pastor, which was accordingly done. At this time the church had in full communion some 67 members. Mr. Bliss remained in the pastoral relation with this church until May, 1866, Avhen he was succeeded by Eev. John Giffen. Under his minis trations the church throve and grew, so- that in 1868, there were 72 members in communion, although it had but 50 when he came here. He remained until Octo ber, 1869, when he was succeeded by Eev. W. H. Goodeson, who remained about one year, and was succeeded by Eev. P. W. Thompson, who entered upon his labors as stated supply, September 1, 1870. He was duly elected pastor April 2, 1871, and fulfilled that office until the faU of 1875. On the 7th of November of that year, Eev. J. G. Condit became the stated supply, and afterwards became the regular pastor. In the latter part of 1879, he removed elsewhere, and for a short time the church was without a minister; but on the 1st of December, 1880, Eev. B. Wall entered upon his du ties as stated supply, and closed his labors November 18, 1883. He was succeeded by Eev. D. G. Bruce, Janu ary 13, 1884, who is the present incum bent of the pastorate. PEESBYTEEIAN CHUECH, DODDSVILLE. The following sketch of this branch of the church militant was originally prepared by Henry Black, and published in a former history of the county: By request, Schuyler presbytery ap pointed Eev. William K. Stewart, James M. Chase and Elder Briscoe a committee to visit Doddville, and, if the way was 436 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. clear, to organize a church. Accordingly, these brethren visited Doddsville, held services in the house of Andrew Walker, in that A'illage, on the 29th day of July, 1843, and proceeded to organize a church of 17 members. The names of the orig inal members are as follows: AndrcAV Walker, Ann Walker, Charles W.Walker, Eachel Walker, John M. Clark and Mirah Clark, Margaret Hodge, Eebecca Clugston, Isabella Clugston, Jane Clug ston, Hettie McCoy, John Scott, Eachel Scott, Sarah Black, Maria Black, Thomas Shannon and Elizabeth Shannon. An drew Walker was elected ruling elder. The next day. Sabbath, the sacrament of the Lord's supper was administered, and the church established. Of the original members, eleven were from near Gettys burg, Pennsylvania, four from near Ur bana, Ohio, and two from Virginia. On the 17th of September, about seven Aveeks after the organization, Andrew Walker, elder, was called to his long rest. The following named ministers have served as supplies to the church: Eevs. John Hoge, James M. Chase, John Marshall, Cyrus B. Bristow, Joseph H. Marshall, James T. Bliss, George A. Hutchison, Henry C. Mullen, Preston W. Thompson, and now, the Eev. H. C. Mullens. The Eev. Mr. Davis, a mis sionary of the New School branch of the church, also preached a short time. These were all stated supplies, except Eev. Joseph H. Marshall, avIio was a reg ularly installed pastor. The following persons were elected and served in the eldership: Andrew Walker, John M. Clark, John G. McGoughy, David E. Hindman, James McDavett, Elijah Hind man, John McMillan, Hugh L. Mc Goughy, Thomas Conner, Thomas McCoy, Henry Black, William Pollock, and John CoUeasure. James CoUeasure was elected, and would have accepted, but died before ordination. The following named persons were elected and served as deacons of the church : George Bair, William H. Black, Samuel C. Hoge, John H. McGrath and James CoUeasure. The old church, vacated in 1876, was built in 1851, as far as inclosing was con cerned, when it was taken possession of, but was not completed until the summer of 1865, four years after, consequently it was never dedicated as a house of wor ship. It cost about $900. The first re vival was in February and March of 1858, under the ministry of Eev. John Mar shall, when 28 members were received — 22 on profession and six on certificate. The second was under the ministry of the Eev. James T. Bliss, in January, 1867, when 11 members were received — nine on profession and two on certificates. The third was under the ministry of Eev. George A. Hutchison, December, 1867, when 11 members were received on ex amination. The fourth was under the ministry of the Eev. H. C. Mullens, in union with the Eev. Mr. Garner, of the Methodist Episcopal church, when six members were received on profession of their faith. This was in March, 1873. The fifth was in October, 1874. This meeting was under the direction of the Eev. NeU Johnston, an Evangelist, when God was pleased to pour out his spirit most copiously, 35 being received to membership on the profession of their faith in Christ. The church was organ ized with 17 original members. At the close of the Eev. John Marshall's minis- Missing Page Missing Page HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 439 try the number was 70; run doAvn again by deaths and removals until • only 46 actual members remained. After the revival of 1874 there were reported 80 members to the presbytery, which was the highest number the church ever at tained — 70 being the present member ship. As near as can be ascertained, about 200 is the full number of member ships ever belonging to the church since the organization. SHILOH PEESBYTEEIAN CHUECH, WALNUT GEOVE TOWNSHIP. Shiloh Presbyterian church was organ ized at the residence of Alexander Camp bell, on section 16, in 1839, by Eev. James Chase, with 23 members, and was a branch of the Macomb church. For several years meetings were held alter nately at the residences of J. G. Walker and Alexander Campbell. In 1862 a large school house, 22x32, was erected on section 8 of Walnut Grove township, which has subsequently been used for church purposes. When the township was re-districted into school districts, two miles square, the congregation pur chased the building. The reason given for no church building ever being erected before this is, that the member ship was so scattered that no point con venient for all could be selected. Mem bers were living in Macomb township, as far north as the county line, and east and west several miles. At one time the church was prosperous, and had a large and interested membership, but when toAvns sprang up here and there in the surrounding country and new con gregations organized, the members re siding near, of course, left Shiloh and united with the new churcli,nearer home. When the BushneU church was organ ized, the members living east and near the town united there; when Bardolph was started, those living south left Shi loh and united there; and when Good Hope church was organized, but few re mained in Shiloh church, so that in the spring of 1863, the membership being so small, the society disposed of their church building to John Pennell, for $87, and united Arith the society at Wal nut Grove, under the name of Walnut Grove and Shiloh Presbyterian church. Meetings are held in the hall over Fair- man's store. The first elders of the Shiloh organization were Alexander Harris, J. G. Walker and Alexander CampbeU. Among the first preachers were James Chase, Isaac B. Moore, David Monfort, P. W. Thompson and Joseph Platt. PEAIEIE CITY PEESBYTEEIAN CHUECH. This society was organized at the house of George Kreider, on the 19th of September, 1841, by a committee ap pointed by the Peoria presbytery, con sisting of Eev. WiUiam J. Frazier and Elder Parnack Owen. The first members were: George Kreider, Barbara Kreider, Celinda Woods, Jane Jackson, Phebe Woods, James Eeed, Samuel Mourning, Thomas Boyd, Mary Moore, Sophronia Schofield and Catherine Mourning. The first officers were: George Krei der, elder; Samuel Mourning, deacon. Meetings were generally held at the barn of George Kreider in those days. When the school house was built at Vir gil,' services were held there, and so con- 2S 440 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. tinued until Prairie City was laid out. At that time they had lumber and ma terial on the ground at Virgil for a church. This was all removed to Prairie City, and the structure erected there, changing the name to Prairie City church. The building cost about $3,000. The regular pastors from the organiza tion to the present time have been: Pres ton W. Thompson, commenced in 1854; John S. Eobertson, in 1868; John D. Howey, in 1871; Clark Salmon, in 1877; Wm. L. Boyd, in June, 1880. In No vember, 1884, Eev. H. Magill took pas toral charge of the congregation, and has continued to the present time. The present officers of the church are: M. K. Sweeney, Chas. H. Kellough and James H. Wilson, elders; John E. Dunham, deacon. The trustees are: W. Kreider, Thomas Laird and Chas. H. Kellough. The present membership of the church is about 105, and the society is in a highly flourishing condition. There is a Sabbath school in connec tion with the church, with over a hun dred attending members. It was organ ized in 1866, and was for a time a union school, of the Congregational and Pres byterian societies, held at the church of the latter. After a few years, the Con gregationalists withdrew, and it has since been conducted solely by the Presby terians. The first superintendent of the union school was J. M. Chapman. After the Congregationalists withdrew, J. H. Wilson became the superintendent. He has continued in that capacity, with the exception of one year, up to the present time, and is the present superintendent. There are nine classes in the Sabbath School, with the following teachers: Eev. A. Magill, Mrs. A. E. Bates, Mrs. S. E. Dunham; Mrs. S. A. Morrow, Mrs. A. E. Forsman, Mrs. M. S. MarshaU, Julia E. Wilson, Mary C. Evert and Jessie Fors man. The church has an organ, purchased at a cost of $140. Mrs. M. S. Marshall is the organist of the church, and Sadie Wilson of the Sabbath school. EBENEZEE PEESBYTEEIAN CHUECH, SCOT LAND TOWNSHIP. The, church known by the above name was formed in the early part of 1861, by a large number of those who had seceded from the Camp Creek congregation. For a time after the rupture there were no meetings held, but an organization was soon formed, containing the following members: George W. Provine, J. .A. Provine, Mary Provine, F. CampbeU, Lucinda Knowles, Jane Allison, James Walker, Nancy Walker, Jeremiah Sulli van, Mary Sullivan, Jonas Lindsay, J. T. Lindsay, Margaret Cochran, A. H. HiU, M. C. Cochran, James Hill, Eobert Mc Nair, James McNair, Janet McNair Sr., Mary C. McNair, Elizabeth McNair, Milton Knight, Anna M. Knight, Sam uel G. Henderson, Mary A. Henderson, Elizabeth A. Henderson, John Clark, Nancy Clark, S. K. Clark. Annie M. Clark, Jane Watson, E. F. Watson, M. C. Watson, J. F. Watson, M. H. Camp beU, James Clark, Margaret Clark, James Littleson, Janet McNair Jr., Margaret Buchanan, Elizabeth Sullivan, Elizabeth Bailey, Alexander M. Campbell and John Littleson. George W. Provine, John Clark, Jere miah Sullivan and Eobert McNair were chosen ruling elders, and G- W. Provine, HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 441 clerk of the session. On the 3d of Au gust, 1861, a meeting of the members was held, at Avhich it was determined to build a church, and they went at it with a will, all giA'ing according to their cir cumstances. On the 13th of the same month the contract was let for the erec tion of a building 56x36, and 18 feet to the square. A vestibule and gallery 11 feet wide across the west end was pro vided for. The price agreed upon was $2,000, and the building was finished in the first part of November, of the same year. It was dedicated to the service of God, on the 21st of December, 1861, and Eev. James M. Chase elected to fill the pulpit of the little flock temporarily. In January, 1862, James Walker, James Clark and J. A. Provine were chosen deac&ns. On the, 25th of September, 1862, Eev. Mr. Chase was duly installed as regular pastor of the church, and con tinued in that relation until his death on the 10th of February, 1865. In the April foUoAring, James T. Bliss was elected stated supply, and occupied the pulpit until May, 1868, during which time a revival was held, and 30 members were added to the church. In 1866, the society secured an addi tion to the church lot and erected a par sonage, two stories high, containing six rooms, at a cost of $1,500. A barn was afterwards added, in 1872, at a cost of $200. May 8, 1868, Eev. H. C. MuUen was installed as pastor of the church, at a salary of $800 per annum, ahd remained until the spring of 1880. In 1874, there was another great revival and 39 mem bers were added to the fold. In 1880, Eev. J. B. Baker succeeded Mr. Mullen as pastor, and remaining but one year. was followed by Eev. J. S. Eankin, the present pastor. With a full membership of 80, the church is in a highly prosper ous condition, and is accomplishing a good work in this community among the peoxjle of this denomination. Eev. John G. Eankin, pastor of Eben ezer church, was born in Jefferson county. East Tennessee, March 31, 1821. At the age of 15 he removed Avith his father's family to southern Indiana, and three years later entered Mill Creek academy and commenced a course of, study, with the ministry in view. After two years the family removed to Iowa; and for one year he studied with the Episcopal clergymen of Burlington, Iowa. In 1843 he entered the sophmore class in the Mission institute, established by Dr. David Nelson, near Quincy, Illi nois. He graduated from that institu tion in AprU, 1845; entered Lane theol ogical seminary in September, of the same year, and graduated May, 1848. He was licensed to preach by the pres bytery of Cincinnati, May 6, 1847, and was ordained by the presbytery of Schuyler, September 13, 1849. He Avas first settled over the Presbyterian church of Warsaw, Illinois, in September, 1848, and remained in that relation nearly 18 years. He was also in Carrollton, Greene county, Illinois, 10 years, and at Monti cello seminary, near Alton, between two and three years. One year at Fer guson, a suburb of St. Louis, Missouri, and one year pastor in Centralia, Illi nois. He commenced preaching to Eb enezer church in May, 1882, removed his family into the parsonage in Novem ber, 1882, and has since ministered to the church and is still its pastor. 442 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. CUMBEELAND PEESBYTEEIAN CHUECH, MACOMB. The church of the above denomina tion in the city of Macomb, was organ ized at a meeting held on the 7th of No vember, 1851, by Eev. W. S. Catnpbell, in conjunction with Elders Levi Ham ilton and John B, Stapp. At that time the following persons came forward as members of other churches, and signi fied their wish to form a church of this communion: William Stapp, Hiram Eussell, Elizabeth Eussell, Sarah An derson, Mary Cannon, Jerusha Garrett, Ann Jones, Margaret Hale and Mary Smithers. On due organization the congregation held services until Satur day, June 19, 1852, Avhen at a meeting held for the purpose, William Stapp and Hiram Eussell were elected to the office of elders. The former, who lacked or dination, had that rite administered by the Eev. W. C. McKamy, and received their charge from that gentleman. The - first meetings were held in the court house. Among the clergymen that ministered to this congregation were many in its first years as irregular sup plies, but in July, 1868, the congrega tion procured the service of Eev. E. Can aday, a regularly ordained minister, as regular pastor. This gentleman re mained with the church, in the minis terial capacity, untU October 16, 1859, when he resigned. Brother J. H. Bates was employed by the congregation to preach to them once in four week, in March, 1860. After about a year this service ceased and the church depended on the various supply preachers until in March, 1862, when Eev. Samuel Eich ards was called to the pastorate. This gentleman was soon succeeded by Eev. J. W. Stapp. In 1866 Eev J. W. Cleaver was the pastor. The church flourished greatly up to this time, but from some unexplained cause the congregation di minished in numbers and finally dis banded. The congregation had erect ed a neat and commodious church edi fice in the fall and Arinter of 1857-58, which was dedicated on Sabbath morn ing, March 28, 1858. The record of the church says, in speaking of this inter esting occasion: "The house was filled to overflowing, and many persons left for want of room. Before the sermon there was money enough raised by sub scription and cash to pay off all debts against the church house. The dedica tion sermon was preached by Eev. S. T. Stewart. The dedicatory prayer was offered by Eev. John B. Hubbard; a solemn time. The sacrament of the Lord's supper was administered at 3 o'clock p. m. The attendance was very large, and great solemnity prevailed over the entire congregation. The ses sion met and invited Eev. S. T. Stewart to act as moderator pro tem." The elders at that time present, were J. A. Chapman, Hiram Eussell and P. Ham ilton. When the congregation finally broke up in 1866 or 1867, the house was sold, and the denomination had no church in Macomb for many years. The church was reorganized in May, 1884, asthe record states: "After our harps had been hanging on the willows for over 20 years, during which time many of the members of this congrega tion had removed from the field, while others had gone to their rewards above, leaving a few who would make spas- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 443 modic efforts for life." Eev. B. W. Mc- Donald,of Lebanon, Tennessee,preaclied two weeks during the month of Marx5h, 1884, but having to go away, Eev. Thomas Potter came by request, and continued preaching some seven weeks, when he was regularly employed as pastor. In November, 1884, he was succeeded by Eev. E. W. Norris, who is the present pastor. The present officers of the church are: E. W. Norris, moderator; Hiram Eussell, T. J. Caldwell, Loven Garrett and Anthony Thornton; and A. Thornton, clerk. CUMBEELAND PEESBYTEEIAN CHUECH OF AEGYLE. This church was organized January 19, 1834, by Eev C. P. Jewel. The or ganization took place at the residence of John McCord in the southwestern part of Emmet township. The first ruling elders were John McCord and E. Du rant. Wm. McCord was appointed clerk of the session. The ministers who first supplied this congregation with preach ing were men who were willing to make sacrifice for the cause of Christ, often traveling many miles from different parts of the state to reach their places of preaching. Until recently this congregation was knoAvn as Bersheba but it is now changed on the presbyterial record to that of Argyle. The first camp meeting was held near the place where the church was organized, in the year 1838, and was con ducted by Eev. Peter Downey, Cyrus Haynes, John Crawford and William McKamy. The church .held its meet ings at the place of organization until the year 1854, when it was transferred to Argyle, its present ' location, in the southeastern part of Hire township. The church edifice which was erected in 1863, was held for several years jointly by the Cumberland Presbyterians and Baptist's, but now belongs to the former. G. W. Welch, one of the early settlers of Illinois, did more than any one else for the construction of this house of worship. KnoAring well the value of religious influences in a community, he gave of his means liberally for the build ing fund, and also for the support of the Gospel. He was one of the ruling eld ers ahd held this office until his death. He also superintended the first Sabbath school, organized in the spring of 1855, at Argyle, in the new church. James C. Bowles, who came from the state of of Tennessee, and located near the church was the second superintendent of the Argyle Sabbath school. He held this position for a number of years and was ah efficient worker both in the Sabbath school and church. Among the numerous ministers who have labored at this place we mention here the names of T. K. Eoach, Eev. Carter, J. W. Cleaver, John Crawford, J. L. Crawford, Milo Hobart, Frederick Naunce. Eev. J. W. Stapp was pastor of the church most of the time for 20 years and was instrumental in doing great good. He was very successfnl in revival work, and also in pastorial work. Many were converted under his ministry at Argyle and at various other points in Eushville presbytery. His life and work will live on to the end of time and his name will long be remembered by those who knew him, to be a true servant of the Lord. ' 444 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Eev. David Hogan took charge of the congregation March 1, 1875, and re mained for four years in which time the parsonage was built. C. P. Duvall had the pastorate of this congregation in 1883; Eev. J. L. Eiley was the last min ister who had charge of this congrega tion; he began preaching in November, 1883, and continued until January, 1885. The present ruling elders of the church are Allen Murray, A. T. McCord, John W. Eussell and Scott Eodgers; deacons, E. A. Welch and Albert Welch. Just east of the church edifice the cemetery is located where many loved ones are quietly resting in the silent city waiting the resurrection, at the last day. The old time honored church house is grow ing older still and needs to be replaced with a new building, which we believe will be erected at no distant day. Many precious memories of the past are linked in with the history of old Argyle. The pure doctrines of the gospel have been extensively preached here and a wave of influence has been set in motion that is destined to go on through all time. Eev. McKamy is the only one of the old preachers now living. He lives in Industry toAvnship. Eev. J. T. Murray, of this church, was born in Marion county, Kentucky, on the 29th day of April, 1847, and when but one year of age, came to Illinois with his father. He was educated in the rudimental branches in the district schools, and labored on the farm until 1867, when he entered Lincoln univer sity, Logan county, Illinois. In the spring of 1868, he returned to the farm, where he stayed until in October, of the same year, when he began teaching school. The school where he played the pedagogue for the first time was in Ten nessee township. In February, 1869, he made a trip through Kansas and Missouri, returning to his home in March, about a week previous to the death of his brother, W. D. In the fall of 1869, he entered the Normal school, at Macomb. In the spring f oUoAring, he resumed his labors on a farin and in the school room, being engaged in agricul tural pursuits in the suinmer, and in the winter teaching school. He entered the ministry, joining the presbytery of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, of Eushville, in August, 1877, and was licensed by that body in February, 1881, to preach the gospel. He took charge of the Point Pleasant congregation, Warren county, March 1, 1880, and con tinued preaching there for four years. He is now engaged in the missionary work, a branch of church work, which he entered upon in the spring of 1884. Mr. Murray has enjoyed considerable liter ary reputation, having, in 1876, Avritten the "Voyage of Life," in four parts, viz: Childhood, Youth, Manhood and Old Age. He has also Avritten and published in the A^arious county papers, several meritorious poems, among which are those entitled, "Life on the Farm," "The Pilgrim Fathers," "The Bright Side of Farm Life," and "The Messenger Bird." "Meditations in the Graveyard," and the "Home of Love," were contri butions of his two religious journals. WEST PEAIEIE CUMBEELAND PEESBYTE EIAN CHUECH. This congregation was originally or ganized at "Sixteen" school house, where HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 445 meetings were held until the erection of the church. Meetings Avere also held in the school house of district number three, Eldorado township, by another little band. At the close of the rebel- ion, Eev. James Eussell, who had served as a chaplain in the army, was employed by these and other congrega tions, and by his earnest labor, he united them, and urged the building of a church edifice, which was done in 1867, at a cost of $3,300. The building is a neat frame, about 33x50. It is located upon the southwest corner of section 9, Eldorado toAvnship. Eev. James Eussell was the first pastor. He was followed by Eev. McClellan. The present is Eev. J. M. Crawford. INDUSTEY CUMBEELAND PEESBYTEEIAN GHUECH. This congregation was organized at the house of Thomas Adkisson, Novem ber 3, 1843, with the foUoAving members: Nathan Compton, Sarah Compton, John Compton, Sarah Adkisson, William C. McKamy, Mrs. O. H. McKamy, Jane P. McKamy, Elizabeth McKamy, John McKamy, Margaret Campbell, Tom Pollock, Elizabeth Osborn, A. J. Os born, Stephen Cockerham, Eachel Cockerham, Martha Bridges, Walter Mean, Joseph Peck, Martha M. Berry, and A. H. Berry. Nathan Campbell was then elected elder. The congrega tion was first named Grindstone. Shortly after the organization, meetings were held in S. Cockerham' s house. After this the camp grounds were used, which were on -the farm now owned by Wash ington Vail. In 1845, a union church house was erected, which, at present stands unoccupied one mile and a half east of Industry. This building was used untu the one occupied at present was erected. This structure is 36x51 feet in dimensions, and was built in 1867, at a cost of $2,500. It is, located on the northeast corner of Hickory and Downing streets. This edifice was dedi cated in 1859. The first occupant of the pulpit was Eev. John Carter. The trustees at that time were : T. J. Pen nington, Dr. B. A. Duncan, J. C. Bridges, U. Begthol, and M. Baymiller. GOOD HOPE, CUMBEELAND PEESBYTEEIAN CHUECH. The society bearing this name was or ganized on the 28th day of April, 1838, at the house of Levi Hamilton, on sec tion 5, Macomb toAvnship, by Eevs. Peter Downey and Cyrus Haynes, and Elder John McCord, who constituted the committee of Eushville conference, ap pointed for that purpose. Meetings were held at the house of Mr. Hamilton for several years, untU a church build ing was erected, not far from his house, about 2^ miles southeast of Good Hope. It was then known as Walnut Grove church. The original members were Cyrus Haynes, Mahala Haynes, A. H. Berry, M. M. Berry, Michael Vincent, LcAri Hamilton, Malinda Hamilton, Mary Stapp, J. B. Stapp, Corger Creel, Char les Creel, Parthena Creel, John Camp bell and wife, Durham and Mary Creel. For about twenty years its ministers served as stated supplies. Prominent among these were Eev. Cyrus Haynes, Peter Downey, Eev. Wier, William S. CampbeU, E. Knowles, T. K. Eoach and J. W. Stapp. In 1869, Eev. J. W. Car- 446 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. ter was installed pastor, and served for nine years. FoUoAving him were T. S. McClure, Eev. Eichardson, J. H. Mor gan, J. D. Foster. The first church building erected was burnt down, prob ably the work of an incendiary. Another structure was erected on the same site. This building was removed to Good Hope in 1876. Eev. J. Eiley, of Danvers, was the last minister of the gospel who officiated here. At present the congregation has no preacher There are about 60 members enrolled on the church books. There is a Sunday school of about 60 scholars, of which Andrew Allison is superintendent. The value of churchproperty is about $3,500. SUGAE CEEEK, CUMBEELAND PEESBYTE- 'EIAN CHUECH. Meetings of this congregation Avere held in the Foster neighborhood as early as 1836. In that year, at the residence of A. J. Foster, the Eev. WiUiam C. McKamy was ordained a minister of the gospel, being the first rainister ordained in the county. Meetings were held off and on in groves, dwellings and school houses until 1865 or '66, when the pres ent church structure was erected. It is a good frame, about 36x48 feet, and cost $3,000. It stands on section 2, of Eldo rado township. The elders are Wm. D. Foster and Samuel J. Foster. I. N. .Fos ter is clerk. The membership at present is about 60. The present preacher is J. S. Crawford. FIEST METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUECH, MACOMB. In 1832, the famous pioneer of Meth odism in Illinois, Peter Cartwright, preached the first sermon in Macomb, according to the tenets of belief of the Methodist Episcopal denomination. The same year he succeeded in organiz ing a society in that place, which is yet in existence. Meetings were held in the old court house until 1836, when a very respecta ble brick building was erected on ground given by Hon. James M. Campbell, on the site of the present church edifice, on Lafayette street, north of Carroll. In 1847 the church building blew doAvn, when services were held con jointly with the Presbyterians, in their church building. A very earnest union revival was held by the two congrega tions, in this church, which resulted in bringing many into it. The church buUding was rebuilt in 1848. In 1854, the circuit heretofore rather large, was divided, leaving Macomb only two appointments, viz.: Wolf Grove and Spring Creek. During this year the church building again blew down, but the faithful members were not discour aged, only the more determined, and soon set about to erect another and lar ger building. One 40x70 feet was built this time and dedicated in 1857. T. M. Eddy, editor ofthe Northwestern Chris tian Advocate, delivered the dedicatory sermon. During the interval spent in rebuilding, services were held in the Christian church and ui the court-house. By 1858, the congregation had become so large as to require the undivided time of the pastor, and consequently Macomb Avas set off as a separate sta tion. The church building in 1875 was re built and refitted at a cost of $4,076. A HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 447 very tall and beautifully proportioned steeple towered far above the building, but not long after the new edifice had been dedicated — Bishop Simpson preaching the dedicatory, sermon — and during a most violent storm the spire was blown doAvn, causing some damage to the front walls. Immediately the debris was cleared away, aud a cupola of less pre tensions was erected. The value of the church building, which is a neat and commodious brick structure, is $10,000. A large bell is swung in the cupola. On the corner of Lafayette and Cal houn streets, and just to the north of the church, is the parsonage, a good frame residence worth $1,200. The following gentlemen have served as presiding el- V ders in this circuit since the organization of the church: Eevs. Peter Cartwright, Michael Taylor, Peter Atkins, N. G. Ber- ryman, John S. Barger, E. Haney, John Morey, Milton Bourne, H. Summers, A. Magee, W. H. Hunter, W. D. Under wood, Henderson Eitchie, G. M. Irwin, B. E. Kaufman, G. J. Luckey, J. G. Bowlin, and the present incumbent, M. C. Bowlin. The following is the correct list of the various pastors who have had charge of this church: Eev. H. Sum mers, T. N. Ealston, P. E. Boring, Wil liam Window, D. B. Carter, Enos Thomp son, John E. Eichmond, Chauncey . Ho bart, E. Tracy, John Morey, E. W. Clark, William Hindall, Freeborn Haney, Sam uel Pillsbury, H. Hadley, George White- more, Seth Ford, B. Courtwright, B. C. Swartz, B. H. Courtwright, J. B. Quinly, WUliam M. Clark, S. S. Eobinson, W. H. Jackson, James Taylor, C. P. Brooks, Allen Head, W. S. Smith, W. J. Beck, Milton Bourne, Benjamin Applebee, An drew MUler, P. T. Ehodes, WiUiam Wil son, G. E. Palmer, A. D. McCool, Wil liam Watson, J. H. Ehea, J. C. Eybolt, Henderson Eitchie, Peter Warner, Mr. Zimmerman, B. D. Dennis, L. B. Kent, M. A. Head, G. W. Arnold, C. W. AU ing and H. A. TuUis, the present pastor. The present officers of the church are the following mentioned: S. Smith and Alexander M'Kown, class-leaders; E. H. Broaddus, J. T. Adcock, P. McClellan, H. K. Smith, James Venable, C.W. Slade, D. H. Hampton, G. E. Kelley and Amos Scott, stewards; James Venable, secre tary; H. K. Smith, treasurer; Alexander Holmes, A. T. VaAvter, B. D. Ingram, A. K. Lodge, A. Munger, S. Smith, and C. W. Slade, trustees. In connection with this church is a large and thriving Sabbath school, of which the foUowing is a list of the offi cers: M. Kennedy, superintendent; A. K. Lodge, assistant superintendent; Mrs. G. E. Kelley, lady superintendent; Sadie Knapp, secretary; S. Smith, treasurer. SECOND M. E. (cOLOEED) CHUECH, MACOMB. This society was organized in Septem ber, 1876, by Eev. Jacob, of Galesburg, with the following members : Alexander Garner, Mrs. Shoots, Miss Eachel An derson, Miss Walker and Milton Daniels. For some time meetings were held in the old Baptist church on North Lafayette street.METHODIST /EPISCOPAL CHUECH OF PEAI EIE CITY. This class was organized in 1856. Ser vices were held at first at the residences of Thomas Brinks and John Griffin. Then a school house was erected just 448 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. south of where the Presbyterian church now stands. Eev. George Havermail was the first pastor who preached in this place. The flock at first consisted of the following members : David, Catharine and Margaret Griffin, Thomas and Nancy Brink, Mr. and Mrs. E. W. Goldsmith, Ebenezer and Sarah Sanford, D. K. Hardin and wife, Eufus and Samantha Benedict, Mr. and Mrs. Elijah Hoyt, John Carrier and wife, Erastus Carrier and wife, Andrew Burr and wife, Sylvester Davey and wife, and James Dickinson. Eev. Havermail, the first preacher, was a young man, who took his tools with him when he went to col lege, and worked at his trade of carpen ter while gaining his education. From 1856 to 1860, besides Havermail, Eevs. Alexander Fisher, WiUiam Watson, N. Lewis and Jesse Craig served as pastors. Mr. Fisher was a popular minister, but he did not remain long in the pastorate. Mr. Watson was a young man, a faithful worker, and was much respected. Mr. Lewis did not serve long. Jesse Craig was a pleasant, agreeable man to all. He is now in Vermont, Fulton county. William Underwood came in 1861. He was well known in this part of the country. He was followed in October, 1864, by John C. EyboU. He served one year, and was followed by A. Bower. He is still in this conference. He was a pleasant man, and a logical speaker. W. J. Beck came in 1867. He was a good preacher, and well liked. He is now connected with the DesMoines, loAva, conference. He was succeeded by J. D. Heckard. Mr. Heckard was prob ably the most eloquent preacher who ever presided over the congregation, and was, besides, a very jovial man. While at Watseka, afterwards, he was kicked by a cow while milking, and died fi-om his injuries. D. S. Main took pastoral charge in 1869. He is still in this con ference. He was succeeded by A. Magee, in October, 1872. A sketch of him will appear in the history of Prairie City. A. S. Atherton was next, coming in 1875. He has since retired from the ministry, and is farming in Missouri. G. Wiley Martin came in 1877. He is now a pre siding elder in a thinly settled portion of Nebraska. The next pastor was E. C. Wayman. He is now in Kankakee district, and has Zion and Verona churches in charge. J. H. Sanders be came pastor here in October, 1881. He is now engaged in farming near Iowa Falls, Iowa, having been incapacitated from preaching on account of throat troubles. S. P. James, the present pas tor, succeeded Mr. Sanford, coming in October, 1883. The church building was erected in 1858, at a cost of about $1,500. The amount was raised mostly by sub scription. Among those donating: Moses Hand gave $200; D. K. Hardin, $200; David Griffin, $200; Alexander Fisher, $200; Eufus Benedict, $150; Ebenezer Sanford, $200; Sylvester Davey paid, in work and money, about $50. The amount first xaised was not sufficient, and the donors increased their subscriptions, Mr. Hand giving altogether about $400. The ladies also raised money by holding entertainments and giving suppers, and paid a great deal' towards the furnishing of the church. The parsonage was erected in 1859, at a cost of about $800. It is located across the street from the church. The tax-title to the land on HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 449 which it stands, was donated to the society by Moses Hand. The first trus tees were: Moses Hand, Andrew Burr, L. I. Washburn, D. K. Hardin and Alexander Fisher. The officers at pres ent are: A. Mead, Milton Hay, S. Davey, John Kreider and J. N. Belleville, trus tees; A. Mead, A. Magee, John Kreider and S. Davey, stewards; A. B. Cooper, class-leader. The church has hardly as many members as formerly, though a good degree of interest is manifested. A. Magee and A. Mead are local preachers, and speak alternate Sundays, the regular pastor only preaching at night. A Sabbath school was organized a short time after the building of the church edifice. Ebenezer Sanford was its first superintendent. A. Mead now holds that position, and has for a num ber of years. He has the school in good condition. Eev. S. P. James, who now fills the pulpit at the M. E. church, of Prairie City, Was born in Baltimore county, Maryland, November 9, 1842, and is a son of A. F. W. and Eebecca C. (Price) James. His father removed to McDon-, ough county in 1869, and died in Sciota township in 1880. S. P. spent his boy hood days in Maryland, and in 1861 went to Washington, and was engaged in the quartermaster's department of the army. He was thus employed until 1864, when he came to this county, where many of his relatives resided. He lo cated at Bushnell, and commenced the study of dentistry with his brother, J. A. After becoming proficient in the profes sion, he formed a partnership with his brother. In January, 1866, he went to Vermont, Fulton county, and opened a dentistry office. He became a local preacher there, and decided to give up his profession. He was a local preacher from 1870 to 1875, and in the latter year served as supply to the Macomb circuit. His ordination as elder occurred on Oc tober 4, 1880, at Fairbury, Bishop Hurst presiding. His first charge, after filling the supply on the Macomb circuit, was at Pleasant Mound, this county. He was next assigned to Earita, Henderson county. After this he served at Good Hope until coming to Prairie City, in October, 1883. He was married in Bal timore, Maryland, on July 12, 1866, to Martha E. Lynch. They have two chil dren — William A. and Walter G. GEEENWOOD METHODIST CHUECH, MACOMB TOWNSHIP. The people of this denomination in this vicinity first met for worship at the Scottsburg church, in 1857. At that time they were under the supervision of Blandinsville circuit. In 1858, they were taken 'into the Pleasant Mound circuit, and began to hold meetings in the school house of District No. 2. Ser vices were held in that building till 1876, when the church of the United Brethren was erected. They worshipped in that edifice until their own was completed, later in the same year. On Sunday, De cember 19, 1876, the dedication sermon was preached by Eev. J. G.Evans, presi dent of Hedding college, Abingdon. The building is 32x48 feet in ground area, and was erected at a cost of $1,836.07. The first trustees were: Abram Switzer, D. Chidester, J. B. Bieber, A. C. Ford, H. H. McElvain and L. H. Shriver. The first preacher was Eev. Benjamin F. 450 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Applebee, a minister of good ability and highly esteemed. He formed the class, consisting of 15 members, and labored one year with the flock. Since his time the following have preached: C. Springer, George Havermail, William Underwood, William Frizzell, Peter Warner, H. H. Crozier, Mark, Jacob Mayhews, D. S. Mains, A. Bowers, B. C. Dennis, J. Ferguson, J. W. Frizzell, B. E. Kaufman, H. K. Metcalf, J. Pugh, J. E. Taylor, Peter Garrison, *Thomas J. Pearson, J. A. Sandess and Melton Haney. T. P. Henry is the present min ister. O. M. McElvain has taken the place of J. B. Bieber as trustee. M. E. GHUECH, EMMET TOWNSHIP. The building of this congregation is located on the northeast corner of sec tion 19, and was erected in 1866, at a cost of $2,500; size, 26x50 feet in ground area. The church was dedicated in Feb ruary, 1866. The society was organized and held regular meetings in groves and school houses some 16 years previous. The land on which the present building is located was generously donated to the society by George Guy. The first regu lar pastor of the congregation was Eev. Stephen Brink, who staid about two years. The following were among the first members : George G. Guy and wife, James Guy, Catharine Duncan, David G., B. F., Martha, Eebecca J., Harrietta and A. E. Guy, Eli Murray and wife, John B. Murray and wife, Ingabo and Martha Carmack, Eiley P. Pennington and wife, James Bradley, Francis At kinson, James Griffith and wife, Mrs. Emily Wilson and Mary J. Newell. George G. Guy was the first class leader, and held that position for a number of years. He resigned in 1876, since which time his son, B. F., has been class leader. The present pastor is V. C. Eandolph. A Sunday school has been carried on during the summer seasons, until recent years, since which time they meet both summer and winter. George G. Guy was the first superintendent, who was followed successively by Eli Murray, William Knight and the present incum bent, E. T. BaUew. STICKLE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUECH. The congregation in Emmet township known by the above name was organized in 1845, with the foUowing members: Abram Stickle, Sr., Susan Stickle, Jacob Stickle and wife, George Stickle and wife, William Stickle and wife, Abram Stickle, Jr., and wife, William Twitchell and wife, Nicholas Post and wife, An drew Wyatt and wife, George Eyre and wife, Eobert Fleetmiller and wife, Mrs- Mary Henley, Mrs. Elizabeth McCrary and Eobert Stickle. They worshipped for about ten years in the school house, near the site of the present church edi fice, which was erected in 1854 or 1855, on the southwest quarter of section 11. The building is 30x45 feet in ground area, and was erected at a cost of $1,700. It was named in honor of Abram Sickle, Sr., now deceased, who was the prime mover in the organization of the same. There is a present membership of about 50. BLANDINSVILLE M. E. CHUECH. The first religious services of a pub lic character that occurred in what is now Blandinsville township were held HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 451 at the Hays school house, three miles east of the city of Blandinsville. Peter Akers, John S. Barger, Chauncey Hobart, John Morey, David Oliver, J. Kirkpat rick, J. B. Quinby, W. J. Smith, U. J. Giddings and others held services here at various times. The first preaching in the town of Blandinsville Avas in a school house, since moved, and now occupied as the post office. It was at the Hays school house, however, that the first so ciety of this denomination was formed. The following ig a list of the various pas tors who have filled the pulpit of this charge, ffom the organization of the church, in 1854. J. S. Cummings, 1854; W. J. Beck and J. Cowden, 1855; B. E. Kaufman, 1856; H. Presson and B. E. Kaufman, 1857; H. Presson, 1868; G. W. MiUer, 1869-60; B. B. Kennedy and V. M. Dewey, 1861; B. B. Kennedy, 1862; H. H. Crozier, 1863; S. Brink, 1864-65- 66; J. C. MUlington, 1867; JohnLuccock, 1868-69; B. E. Kaufman, 1870; B. E. Kaufman and T. J. Pearson, 1871; B. F. Tallman, 1872; B. F. Tallman and G. N. Dorsey, 1873; B. F. Tallman and A. C. Calkins, 1874; G. B. Snedaker and W. B. Alexander, 1875-76-77; T. P. Henry, 1878-79-80; B. C. Dennis, 1881; C. W. Ayling, 1882; W. W. Carr, 1883; C. Springer, 1884-85. There is a membership of nearly 300 at this time connected Arith Blandinsville charge. The church edifice in Blandins ville is a beautiful structure, in good repair, and reflects credit upon the con gregation and community. THE M. E. CHUECH OF BAEDOLPH. This church was flrst knoAva as that of Wolf's grove, and was organized at the house of Jacob Kepple, in the spring of 1837, by the Eev. Mr. Thompson, through the influence of . William H. Jackson, a local preacher, one of those sturdy pio neers who not only desired to open up this beautiful country for settlement, but to sow the good seed of the Gospel in the hearts of his neighbors and friends. The church or class, as originally formed, contained but five members: W. H. Jackson, Ann Jackson, Margaret Kepple, Elizabeth Kulp and Harriet Vincent. Mr. Jackson was elected class leader. Preaching was held at the log cabin of Jacob Kepple, once in four weeks, on week days, as the circuit was so large that the preachers had to preach every day in the week, and often twice a day, to make their rounds in four weeks. It was very often a very long time between ap pointments, but these self-sacrificing cir- cidt riders rode horseback c)r traveled on foot, carrying their saddle-bags contain ing their library and wardrobe. Their salary was very small, $100 being the usual salary allowed them, and often half of this was never obtained. Eeligious services were held at the cabin of Mr. Kepple for some two or three years, and after that for six or eight years at the house of Wm. H. Jackson. After that, services were, at first, held in the school house, about a quarter of a mile south of the present site of Bardolph. After a few years the meeting place was removed to the school house on the south west quarter of section 24, in Macomb township. Here it remained until about 1855, when Bardolph being laid out, the church was removed to the newly erected school house in that place, where it re mained about a year or so. Its name 452 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. was changed about this time to that of Bardolph Methodist Episcopal society. The. school directors, having objections to the holding of services in the build ing, a room in the village was rented by the society, for the purpose of having services. This they held for a few months, when the members of the Presbyterian church tendered them the use of their church building, which they gladly ac cepted. In the autumn of 1866, the Cumber land Presbyterians and this congrega tion united in the erection of a church edifice, which was known by their united names,in which services were held on al ternate Sundays. For 10 years this con tinued, and finally, in 1883, the Metho dist congregation purchased the interest of the Presbyterians in the structure, and now OAvn and occupy it themselves. The building is a neat and commodious specimen of church architecture. Like all other old churches of this denomina tion, they have had a number of pastors, but it is believed that the following is a complete list, with the date of service, the first, however, being circuit preachers, with appointments at this place. Begin ning with the first, we have Eev. Mr. Thompson, who served one year; Eev. Mr. Mobley, one year; Eev. C. Hobart, two years; Eev. Mr. Pitner, one year; Eev. Mr. Troy, one year; Eev. J. Wal ters, one year; Eev. C. J. Houts, one year; Eev. T. J. Oliver, one year; Eev. B. F. Applebee, one year; U J. Ged dings, two years; Eev. Mr. Hindle, a part of a year which was finished out by Eev. Freeborn Haney; Eev. W. J. Beck, one year; Eev. B. F. Swarts, one year. The next was Eev. Barton CartAvright and Eev. J. B. Quimby, who together had ap pointments on this circuit. They were succeeded by Eev. John Morey, who served one year; Eev. Milton Brown, one year; Eev. James Taylor and Eev. John P. Brooks, one year; Eev. W. H. Jack son and Eev. Sharrod Eobinson, one year; Eev. Mr. Hadley, one year; Eev. W. J. Beck, one year; Eev. Mr. McCool, one year; Eev. B. F. Applebee, one year; Eev. W. F. Steward, one year; Eev. John Windsor, one year; Eev. Creighton Springer, one year, and Eev. Mr. BroAvn, one year. This brings it down to the building of the church in 186T. From that time forward the pulpit has been filled by Eevs. B. E. Kaufman, D. S. Main, James Ferguson, A. P. Hull, Ja cob Mathews, John Eeed, P. S. Garret- son, J. W. Frizzell, T. J. Pearson, H. K. Metcalf, J. A. Souders, B. C. Dennis and T. P. Henry, the present pastor. Special rcAdvals have been held at va rious times with wonderous results, among which may be mentioned some of the principal ones. One was held in the school house south of the site of Bar dolph, in the winter of 1861, by Eev. James Taylor, the pastor, assisted by Eevs. John. P. Brooks and W. H. Jack- fon. Some 50 or 60 conversions were reported. A union revival was held therein shortly after the erection of the church building, by Eevs. H. C. Mullen, John Windsor and W. H. Jackson, which resulted in some 70 making a profession of faith. In 1872, a revival held.by Eev. Jacob Mathews resulted in adding 75 more to the fold. In 1880, a powerful wave of religious feeling swept through out the community, and a revival at that time, under the direction of Eev. T. J. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 463 Pearson resulted in the conversion of 130 souls. A revival in 1883, also, re sulted in 30 more coming into the church. The officers of the society are at present, the following mentioned: J. E. Hen drickson and George Switzer, class lead ers; J. E. Hendrickson, John W. Booth, Mrs. J. Knapp, John G. Smith and John M. Jackson, stewards; Dr. J. B. Knapp, A. Hanson, H. A. Maxwell, J. W. Jack son, J. W. Booth, J. E. Hendrickson and J. M. Jackson, trustees. John M. Jack son, superintendent of Sabbath school. The church is in an excellent condition, and has a membership of 105 at the pres ent writing, (1885. ) . SCOTT'S M. E. GHUECH, BETHEL TOWNSHIP. The congregation of this name was or ganized in 1837. Eev. Tray, deceased, was the first pastor of the church. The first church edifice was erected in 1836, on the southwest quarter of section 30, and was also used for school purposes. It was a log structure, 12x15 feet in di mensions. The growth and prosperity of the church has been gradual and sub stantial, and at present there is a mem bership of 50 or 60. Eev. Powell, the present pastor, has been laboring in the work and interest of the church at dif ferent periods for the past 30 years. There is also a flourishing Sunday school in connection, with a membership of be tween 150 and 200. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUECH OF BUSHNELL. During the year 1856, although the people of the village were but few, the place having but just started, still there were some that wanted to found a church of this denomination. After some dis cussion, in that year, a class was formed of the foUoAring members: J. Cole and wife, E. Aller and wife, Herman Diltz and wife, Jacob Miller and wife, and Isaac Tharke and wife. This little knot of christians formed a nucleus around which gathered quite a congregation. They worshipped for a time in the build ing erected by the German Methodists, in harmony with that body, but in 1863, they felt convinced that they should have a house of their own, so set to work and built one of frame, 36x56 in ground area, at a cost of $3,000. This they used until the spring of 1883, when it was de molished, and on its site was erected the present stately edifice they use for wor ship. This beautiful building is brick, 58x70 feet in dimension, well and sub stantially built, elegantly finished and beautifully fitted up. Its cost was about $12,000, and it was dedicated to sacred uses in May, 1884. The present mem bership is about 250. THE GEEMAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUECH OF BUSHNELL. In July, 1867, a congregation of this denomination of christians was formed at the rising town of Bushnell, with the following members: Henry Weiser and wife, Michael MiUer and wife, George Ludwig and wife, Andrew Ludwig and wife", Henry Bertz and vrife, Henry Wil- masshans and wife, Christ. Wiseman and wife and John Ewald and wife. The first minister was Eev. Peter Hehner. No sooner was the society formed than they began to look around for means with which to erect them a house of wor ship, and with this end in view elected 454 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. the following gentlemen, a board of trus tees to urge the matter: Henry Meiser, George Ludvrig, Michael Miller, Andrew Ludwig and Henry Bertz. They at once set to work and before cold weather set in had the church in which they now meet, erected and finished. It is of frame, 25x40. Eev. Mr. Hehner was succeeded in the pastorate by Eev. C. Johnson, and he by Eev. John Saiser. There is now a membership of 60, in full communion, under the ministration of Eev. John C. Eapp, the present pas tor, and a great good is wrought by their work in the community. The present officers are: Henry Eogers, elder; C. Nessel, deacon; C. Goeppinger, John Oblaiider and Frank Kramer, trustees. There is a flourishing Sabbath school in connection with the church, which was organized at the same time as the church, Avith Michael Miller as its first superin tendent. The present membership is about 70, with C. Nessel as superintend ent, and John Oblander as secretary. Jacob Miller, former pastor of the German M. E. church at Bushnell, was a native of Clayborn, Alsace, born Janu ary 13, 1815. When he was small his parents died, leaving him under the guardianship of his grandparents. He was brought up under religious influ ences, and when his grandfather died the latter asked Jacob to lead a good life. In his 17th year he came to New York. He was married in 1836 to Mag dalena Walter. Two years after that he came west, stopping at Quincy, Illinois. There he joined the Lutheran church in 1843. He afterward joined the Congre gational church, but finaUy became con nected Arith the Methodist Episcopal church. In 1848 he obtained license to preach. Two years later he was sent to Pekin, Illinois. There he remained one year. In- 1850 he went to Jackson, Mis souri, where he remained two years. His next appointments were Alton, Eed Bud, then Staunton, Vandalia and Highland, Illinois. His health failed him in 1857, and he was superannuated. He then retired to his farm, where he lived seven years. He next took up religious work near Staunton. In 1860 he had charge at Alton. In 1868, he had charges at Alton, Vandalia and Staunton. Thence he came to Bushnell, this county, where he was stationed and built a house. He was sent out again in 1869, and worked in Petersburg one year. He was then sent to Bushnell again, where he worked in the Lord's vineyard six months, before his death occurred. A few days before he died he talked about his soul's con dition. The maiden name of the wife whom he left behind was Magdelena Walter. The names of their children were — Jacob and Joshua and the wife of Henry Eogers. The funeral services of Eev. Miller were held in the Ameri can M. E. church at Bushnell, conducted by Eev. David Huene. INDUSTRY METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHCJECH. This society was organized by Eev. E. Montgomery in 1855, with the following members : John Eeed and wife, Henry Eobeley and wife, M. Merrick and wife, Mrs. Vance, Fannie Bridges and Polly Shannon. The church edifice is situated on the northeast corner of Main and Sullivan streets. It is a frame building, and is 32x50 feet in ground area. Before the church building had reached com- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 455 pletion, Eev. John.Wiarson preached to the congregation. The edifice was dedi cated, in July, 1866, by Eev. Eeuben Andrews, of Quincy. It cost about $2,000. The first trustees Avere: J. C. McLetton, J. W. Leach, M. Merrick, John Blazer and B. F. Botchlett. LINN GROVE M. E. CHURCII, WALNUT GROVE TOWNSHIP. This society was organized in Septem ber, 1865, by Eev. Peter Warner, in the grove in Jesse Hageman's dooryard. The following were among the original members: Jesse Hageman, William M. Hageman, Samuel Arthur and wife, Asa J. Tiger and wife, Thomas Foster. Asa J. Tiger was the first class leader. The church house stands on the northeast corner of section 24, and was erected in 1868, at an outlay of $2,400. It is a good frame building, 32 feet wide by 48 feet long. The first pastor was Eev. M. C. Bowlin, while the present minister is Eev. J. N. Clarke. They only have a membership of 22 at present, but have numbered as high as 92 members. The present officers are: Amanda Chidster, , leader; Asa J. Tiger and Mrs. Porter, stewards; A. Chidster, A. J. Tiger, J. O. Porter, Clinton Gossard and Mary J. George, trustees. GOOD .HOPE M. E. CHURCH. Good Hope was formerly a part of Blandinsville circuit, but in the fall of 1878 Good Hope circuit was organized. It is composed of Stickle's, Linn Grove, Burnsville, Maple Grove and Spring Creek. The succession of pastors are: G. W. Miller, S. P. James, David Lasker and the present minister, V. C. Ean dolph. The church building was first erected one mile northwest of the village, but when the town was started, it was removed to its present location at Good Hope. Upon its removal it was thor oughly repaired, the steeple constructed and a bell purchased; it is now valued at about $2,500. The parsonage is well located on a good lot in the village, and is valued at $800. The membership at present numbers 55, and about 145 in the entire charge. M. E. CHURCH, CHALMERS TOWNSHIP The building used by this denomina tion is situated on the southwest quarter of section 14, and was completed in July 1872 by the Methodist and Lutheran societies of this township, Who erected and own it jointly. ' The size of the building is 28x40 feet; it Avas completed at a cost of $1,600. The Methodist con gregation was organized by Eev. Lyman B. Kent, in July, 1872. The first mem bers were: John SaffeU and wife, Sam uel Scroggs and wife, George A. Cover and wife, Mrs. Saul, Mrs. William Bar rett, Duncan Lyons and wife, Nathaniel Dicker and wife. The ministers who have presided over the church are : Eevs. James, Head, Freland, Frizzell and Bow- Ian. The present pastor is Eev. TuUis, of Macomb, who preaches every other Sabbath., The present membership numbers about 30. S. A. Cover is class leader.METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUECH, OF TEN NESSEE. The first meetings of this denomina tion *held in the neighborhood of Ten nessee, were at the residence of James 27 456 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Fulkerson, near Hill's Grove, in 1832. This locality is known as "Old Metho dist Stamping Grounds." These meet ings were held by missionaries, Eev. Carter, Levi Springer and Henry Sum mers. In 1851, a society was organized south of Tennessee, at what was called the brick school house. The Eevs. James Taylor; J. P. Brooks, William Smith, and J. B. Quinby, served as preachers. The foUoAving are the names of - the original members: John Jarvis, Mrs. Jarvis, Garrett Jarvis, William Delay, Absolam Parker, Mary Parker, C. L. Davis, Maria Davis, William Clayton, Louisa Clayton, L. C. Bacon, Honor Bacon, Lewis Mourning, "Ann Mourning, •and Sarah Lawyer. After a few years, the society was transferred from the Macomb district to that of Blandinsville, and the following ministers preached to this little flock, during the succeeding years: Eevs. Joseph Cummings, G. W. Erwin, James Cowden, John Beard, B. E. Kaufman, and H. Presson. In 1867, the class at the school house was moved to Tennessee, and about the same time the class at Hill's Grove, also, moved to the same place, both uniting, Eev. B. E. Kaufman preaching the first sermon there in the school house. The church is now a part of the Colchester work, and is presided over by the minis ter of the latter place. The church structure was erected in in 1864, under the supervision of John McElroy, WiUiam Clayton, and William Latimer, building committee. It is a good frame building, 28x40 feet, and cost $2,000. The first trustees were John McElroy, William Clayton, J. Jarvis, William Latimer, and Thomas Fulkerson. BOCK CHEEK METHODIST CHUECH, HIEE TOWNSHIP. The congregation, which is known by the above appellation, was duly organ ized during the year 1860, with some 22 members, among Avhom were several members of the Hainline family. These met in the various school houses in the district, in the vicinity, until 1876, when they erected the neat church building, which they now occupy, on the south west quarter of section 17, in Hire town ship. This edifice, which is 30x46 feet in size, was put up at an expense of $2,000, and is substantially built, and well furnished. FEIENDSHIP M. E. CHUECH, TENNESSEE TOWNSHIP. This is among the oldest religious or ganizations of the county. As early as 1833, Eev. Cord, a missionary, preached to the congregation at the house of John Hunt, now owned by John J. Kirk. During the winter of 1836-36, a class was organized at the house of John Kirk, by Eev. Carter, and services were held there for about two years, when a school house was erected on section 5, where their church now stands. .The house was a small affair, 16x20 feet in size, of frame construction, and was used by this denomination until it was replaced by the present church, Avhich was erected by the society in the spring, or early summer, of 1852. It is 30x40 in dimensions, and has a seating capac ity of 250 persons. The lumber for the HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 467 building Avas cut and sawed on Crooked Creek, in Hancock county, some six miles distant. The original members were Eobert and Nancy Cook, Mrs. Penny and daughter, Esther Hunt, Malinda Hunt, Mr. Justice and wife, John and James Hammer, John and Nancy Kirk, John and Margaret Lyon, Vandever Banks and wife, James Een- shaw and wife. Mrs. Banks is probably the only surviving member of the little band, avIio assisted in the organization of this "society. The ground on which the church stands, Avas deeded to the society by Dodson Siebalds, for a Methodist camp meeting ground, and originally consisted of two acres, but in 1874, John B. Eakel deeded half an acre for ceme tery purposes. The first camp meeting held in the Military Tract was at Friend ship, in 1833. People came from Quincy, Jacksonville, Beardstown, Burlington, and other points equally distant. The present pastor of the church is H. C. Cady, of Colchester, who preaches every two weeks. The membership at present numbers about 30, with the foUowing officers: Arthur Chapman, George and Clarence Bartlett, E. W. Lyon, Sherman . Kirk, trustees; Sherman Kirk and Clar ence Bartlett, stewards. MAPLE GEOVE METHODIST CHUECH, EMMET TOWNSHIP. This society was organized about the year 1860, and for many years worshiped in the groves, and school houses, in primative style. In 1865, they erected a neat, substantial church edifice on the northeast quarter of section 19, Emmet township. The building is 26x60 feet in ground area, and cost in the neighbor hood of $2,500. Among many of those who have been prominently identified Avitli this church, have been Eli Murray, B. F. and G. G. Guy, James Griffith and D. T. and J. C. Guy. MOUND CHAPEL METHODIST CHUECH, MOUND TOWNSHIP. This society Avas organized in 1854, at the residence of E. Dyer, with eight or ten members. They continued to wor ship in the dwellings of the members, school houses, etc., until in 1868, when they erected the church edifice which they UOAV OAvn. This is 35x66 feet in size upon the ground, and was built at an expense of $3,200. It is situated upon the northAvest quarter of section 22, of Mound township. The building is a handsome, substantial frame, and the site and its surroundings are truly beautiful. Prominent among its mem bers have been John Holmes, Joseph Melvin, J. Gardner, Edward Mitchell, Amos Hippskey, Eoss Manly, J. Manly, Cyrus Head, A. Flemming, John and Isaac Sheely and William Anderson. PLEASANT GEOVE METHODIST GHUECH OF INDUSTEY TOWNSHIP. A church with the above title is located upon the northeast quarter of section 26. The edifice was erected in 1857, at a cost of $1,200, and is 36x40 feet in ground area. Among those who have been prominent in church matters here, have been John Bennett, Marion Skiles, Joseph McLean, M. Springer, George Bennett and George Meadors. LIBEETY METHODIST CHUECH OF BLANDINSVILLE. The congregation who worship in the buildiug which bears the above name. 458 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. have one of the best rural churches in the county. It is a beautiful structure which stands upon the southeast quarter 'of section 13, Blandinsville township. It is valued at something like $2,500. COLCHESTER METHODIST CHURCH. A churcli society of this denomination was first organized at this place on the 1st of February, 1858, under the direc tion and through the instrumentality of the Eevs. H. Presson and B. E. Kauf man, with 21 members, whose names. were as follows: Joseph Taylor, Mary Taylor, Abraham Pearson, Elizabeth Pearson, Eichard Musson, Eebecca Mus son, James Eoberts, Cecilia Eoberts, A. B. Doan, Sarah Doan, Mary Bechtel, Margaret Musson, John Pearson, Abra ham Newland, Jr., Thomas Pearson, William Cowan, David Sherbine, Mary A. Sherbine, Sarah E. Biell, Philip Law rence and John Level. Meetings were held in school houses and other build ings until the year 1861, when a neat brick edifice was erected, at a cost of $1,200. It is 32x46 feet in ground area, and has a good seating capacity. Among those prominent in this church, have been Abraham Newland, Jr., James Eoberts, John Pearson, Eichard Wil liams, James Underbill, WiUiam Hul son, David Eeece, John Parnell, Eichard Musson and John James. The growth of the church was for many years very ' great, but of late has decreased in num bers on account of* so many removals and numerous deaths; but still they are prosperous, and have a good active membership. The value of church prop erty is $2,000. A most excellent Sab bath school is attached to this church. which is well attended. The present pastor is Eev. Charles T. Cady, who has occupied the pulpit since October, 1884. Eev. Charles T. Cady is the son of Curtis and Abegail Cady, and was born April 30, 1855, in Brimfield, Peoria county, Illinois. His early education was received at the Brimfield high school. At the age of 18 he taught school, continuing in this occupation for two years. In the fall of 1876 he was enrolled as a student at Hedding college, Abingdon, Illinois, and graduated iu the spring of 1881, receiving the degree of A. B., and three years later the degree of A. M. He was married to Eunice A. Hiner, of Abingdon, Illinois, on the 9th of March, 1881. One chUd, George Eaymond, is the fruit of this union, born February 6, 1884, at Earitan, Hen derson county, Illinois. Mr. Cady A\'as admitted on trial as a minister in the central Illinois conference, in the fall of 1881, and was stationed at Vermont, Fulton county, Illinois. The following year he removed to Earitan, Henderson county, Illinois, where he remained two > years. In the month of October, 1884, he was appointed to the church at Col chester, Illinois, where he is now in charge as pastor of the Methodist Episcopal church. WILLOW GEOVE M. E. CHUECH, OF HIEE TOWNSHIP. A class with the above name was organized during the year 1864 or 1866, and for some years worshipped in what was called Prosperity hall, in Emmet township, but now meets in the church owned by the Willow Grove United Brethren, on section 1, of Hire toAvn- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 459 ship, meeting on alternate Sabbaths. It has a membership of about 40. Among those prominent in this church have been W. B. Alexander and S. B. Davis. A history of the Sabbath school in connection with this church, see further on. NEW HOPE METHODIST CHURCH, OP BETHEL TOWNSHIP. In this neighborhood about 50 years ago. Bethel Methodist Episcopal church ^ was organized, and about the year 1845, a building was erected on the southeast quarter of section 7. This house was burned in 1863, being set on fire by an incendiary. For a few years the church ceased its existence, but in 1866 a new organization was formed under the name of the New Hope Methodist Episcopal church. The following year the present church structure was erected. It is a good frame, 32x45 feet in size, and cost $1,600. The membership at that time was near 70, at present but 40. Eev. James McElroy was the first pastor. The annual contribution is about $700. Among those prominent in this church have been James C. Archer, George Bar clay, James Depoy, J. N. N. Horrell and Thomas Hanthorn. The building is on the northeast quarter of section 4, Bethel township. THE ADAIR M. E. CHURCH OF NEW SALEM TOWNSHIP. This society was organized in 1876, and the same year the present church structure was erected and dedicated in October. It was built by general con tribution, of all the denominations, at a cost of $2,000. It is a good, neat, frame edifice. The original members were Washington WiUiams, Lafayette Wil liams, Jacob Eeady, Mrs. Wm. Lance, Josephine Porter and Martha Epperson. Eev. J. E. Taylor was the first pastor. Among those prominent in church affairs, besides those mentioned above, have been Stephen Blackstone, Thorn ton Eandolph and Joseph E. Porter. The church is located on the northeast quarter of section 11, New Salem toAvn- ship. PLEASANT MOUND M. E. CHUECH. Pleasant Mound church is situated upon section 6, of Prairie City township on the McDonough and Warren county line, at the corners of Swan Creek, Greenbush, Walnut Grove and Prairie City townships. The firsl; record of this church bears the date of July 6, 1869, and is as follows : " Pleasant Mound church was built in the spring and summer of 1859, and dedicated July 4, 1859. The buUding cost $1,500. The money is all secured and the church has no indebtedness." This is signed by the following members of the board of trustees: William McMahill, John W. King, Thomas King, Giles F. Liv ingston, WiUiam Young and H. H. Hewitt. From what can be gathered from the records and from information gathered from the church fathers, these persons who composed this first board of trustees, were the men who were foremost in its organization and erection. The Eev. F. M. Chaffee, of the Central Illinois conference aided materially in its organization. The church was dedicated by one of the leading pioneer preachers, the late Henry Summers. The parsonage was 460 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. built in the summer of 1865, at a cost of some $400, all of which was in hand at the time. A most efficient board of trustees has always had the control of matters here, as is evidenced by the church never having any debt hanging over it. There are four out of the seven original trustees living at the present: Thomas King, WiUiam Young, H. H. Hewitt, and Burris A. Eeed; and three dead: John W. King, G. F. Livingston, and William McMahill. Thomas King has been a member of the board of trus tees since the organization, or for the last 26 years. The church edifice is 32x48. Eev. N. G. Clark is the present pastor and J. E. King recording steward. MOUND CHAPEL M. E- CHURCH, MOUND TOWNSHIP. This society was organized in the spring of 1854, at the residence of E. Dyer, with the foUowing original mem bers: Edward Dyer and wife, Edward Mitchell and wife, James E. Fleming and wife, AndrcAv J. Fleming and wife, C. M. Melvin, Elizabeth Melvin. Meetings were held at the house of Ed ward Dyer until the following summer, when the school house known as the " Old sixteen " was built, and services were then held there until the erection of a church building in 1869, which is located on section 22. It is a good, sub stantial frame structure. 36x40 feet in size, and was completed at a cost of $1,200. On Christmas day, 1869, it was dedicated by Eev. Andrews, of Quincy, assisted by William Eutledge and B. E. Kaufman, the latter gentleman being pastor of the church at that time. The lot on which the church stands consists of one acre, and Avas sold to the society by A. J. Fleming for $50. The present officers of the church are John W. Sheely, class leader; J.W. Swartzbaugh and A. J. Fleming, stewards; W. A. An derson, J. W. Sheely, Joseph Melvin, J. W. Swartzbaugh and A. J. Fleming, trustees. At the same time the society was formed a Sunday school was organ ized with Edward Dyer, superintendent, and C. M. Melvin, chorister, which has been continued ever since. ADAIR METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH This society Avas organized in 1875, and the same year the present church structure was erected, and dedicated in October. It was built by -general con tribution, of all denominations, at a cost of $2,000. It is a good, neat, frame edi fice. The original members were Wash ington Williams, Lafayette Williams, Jacob Eeady, Mrs. William Lance, Josephine Porter and Martha Epperson. PENNINGTON'S POINT M. E. CHURCH OF NEW SALEM TOWNSHIP. This is one of the oldest organizations of the Methodist church in McDonough county. The class Avas organized in 1836, by Eev. David Carter, at the house of John Greenup, on the northeast quar ter of section 30. The first pastor who officiated here was Eev. Francis M. Chaffee. They had no regular church building until 1856, when one was erected at the Point, and dedicated in that year by Eevs. Jesse B. Craig and William Eutledge. That structure was used un til 1876, when a new one was built, and dedicated by Eev. Evans, in the fall of that year. The cost of the new church HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 461 was nearly $3,000. In the fall of 1881, the building was badly wrecked by a tornado, and the damage done necessi tated an outlay of about $300 in repairs. It is located about the center of the west line of section 30. The present pastor is J. H. Shover. CENTENNIAL M. E. CHURCH OF NEW SALEM TOWNSHIP. This class was organized in 1871 by Eev. C. Atherton. They met at the school house on the southwest corner of section 25 until their church was erected. Tt was built in 1876, at a cost of $1,800, and dedicated on July 2, of that year. Eev. William Eutledge preached the dedication sermon. The building com mittee was J. M. Wilcox, Josiah McDon ald, Solomon Eitter and George E. Por ter. Solomon Eitter was the first-class leader, and Eobert Jeffrey was the first steward, Eev. Henry is the present pas tor. The trustees are John Wilcox, Solomon Eitter and George E. Porter. METHODIST CHURCH AT TENNESSEE. This organization erected a church edifice in the village of Tennessee, in the spring of 1864 It was ' 24x60 feet in dimensions, and had a seating capacity of over 300. Eev B. Frazell held the first services in the buUding, the organi zation having a membership of about 45. The first trustees of the church were Thomas Fulkerson, L. C. Bacon, and James Jarvis. Those who have served as pastors of the church since its organi zation, are as follows: B. Frazell, two years; S. D. Main, two years; William Haney, one year; T. Poole, one year; Mr. Thalman, one year; George Luekey, one year; Mr. Atherton, one year; T. P. Henry, three years; Mr. Alexander, two years; Mr. Smith, one year; J. A. Sou ders, one year; Mr. Calkins, two years. Eev. Cady is the present pastor, and resides ai Colchester. Since the organ ization of the church, services have been held every two weeks. In 1876, Ee'v. S. D. Main held the first revival in the church, and 70 converts were the result of his labors. Eev. T. P. Henry held a very successful revival in 1875, convert ing 26. Eev. Calkins held two revivals during the year 1884, and converted, in all, 32. At present, the church has a membership of 35. The present trus tees are F. F. Meir, J. A. Jenkins, and B. F. Thompson. / FIRST BAPTIST CHUECH, MACOMB. The First Baptist church of Macomb was organized in 1857 by Eev. D. D. Gregory. The congregation purchased the Macomb female seminary building on North Lafayette street, now occupied by the Second Baptist church, and con tinued to worship there until their new church edifice was erected, which was in 1869. It is on Carroll street, west of Lafayette street, and is one of the largest and most expensive church structures in the county. The architectural design of the building is rather imposing, of good proportion, and pleasing to the eye. A very tall steeple, 132 feet high, rises from the center of the building, over the front and main entrance, and is beautifully designed and proportioned. The pres ent value of the structure is about $8,000, although it cost the congregation several thousand dollars more to erect it. Eeal estate, material and labor were much higher than at present. The following 462 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. are the names of the original members: D. D. Gregory, J. Pennington, T. Axford, J. W. Blount, M. T. Winslow, Mrs. Eice, Mrs. McCabe and Mrs. Summers. The congregation has grown gradually, until the membership at present numbers about 96. The following are the names of the various pastors since the organi zation: Eevs. L. M. Whitman, J. 0. Metcalf, C. W. Palmer, J. L. Benedict, C. B. Eoberts, HiU, J. L. M. Young, W. D. Clark and J. S. Douglas. The church has no regular pastor at present, but services are held occasionally. A Sun day school is held regularly every Sun day, and has an average attendance of about 65. SECOND BAPTIST (COL.) GHUECH, MACOMB This congregation was organized by Elder Doling, of Quincy, J C. Graves, Galesburg, J. W. Harrington, Sciota, and A. Blackburn, Macomb, May 9, 1875. The following were the original mem bers : Andrew Pleasant, Hattie Pleasant, David and Emma Hammond, Winnie Fields, Matilda Mayweather, Wisten Jackson and Maria Sanford. The church has had two revivals, at which 13 were added to the church, making a member ship at present of 25. The church build ing is situated on North Lafayette street, and was formerly owned by the First Baptist church, but purchased from them in 1876, $400 being the consideration. The annual contribution is about $240. The pastor's salary for one-half his time is $120 per year. NEW HOPE BAPTIST CHUECH. [By Elder W. McNutt, Pastor.] The Blandinsville Baptist church is a separate and distinct organization, hav ing a history peculiar to itself. Yet, some have thought that it is a mere con tinuation of the old New Hope Baptist church, which was organized near this place years ago, and which eventually became extinct. Hence it becomes nec essary in order to have a true history, that the history of each church be given. New Hope church, according to the most reliable records now available, was organized by Elder John Logan and Deacons Thomas Matthews and Thomas Burnett, two and a half miles northeast of Blandinsville, in October, 1830, with a constituent meinbership of seven. The house erected Avas called a union house, was built mainly by Baptists and Ee- formers, called Campbellites. Very soon, great dissatisfaction was experienced by the Baptists, which lead to the abandon ment of the union house, and they built a house south of Blandinsville one-half mile, known by the name of New Hope church. Around, and near this church building became a prominent burying ground, and since the burning of the house the place is known as the South grave yard. This pioneer church was the religious home of Elder John Logan during the last years of his pilgrimage. He died a worthy member of Ncav Hope church January 29th, 1851, having been its pastor for more than 13 years. He also had the honor of organizing the Salem Baptist association, which held its first session with the New Hope church in 1834. This church, in its day, was a beacon light in the "Military Tract," particularly in McDonough county. It is to be regarded as a kind of mother church, as many other congregations seem to have grown out of this pioneer HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 463 church. At oue time this society num bered as high as 140 members. But in the slow movement of sluggish years, the house became old and somewhat dilapi dated and shared an evil fate at the hands of some one who had more respect for the bible of God than for the house that contained it, and when the house had fallen to ashes, the bible was found in good shape, laying on a stump in the yard. This burning seems from the best evidences now among us to have been on the night of March 22, 1868. There has been no record kept that shows the burn ing, or date. The only direct evidence we have as to the time, is that a well knoAvn citizen died on the night of the burning and was buried in that grave yard next day. His tombstone says: March 22, 1868. This church, though in a depressed condition, in its latter years kept up its meetings and was represented in the association until 1868, or 1869. The minutes of 1868, is not at hand; but 1869 says: "no letter." We are informed that there was a meeting called at a pri vate house for the purppse of giving out letters to those who wished them. This seems to have been the death struggle of New Hope church. The line of pastors so far as we have rneans of knowing, were : Elders John Logan, Joseph Botts, J. L. Trower, W. F. Forrest, W. Welch and J. Eay. So ends the history of New Hope church, and we now proceed to the history of BLANDINSVILLE BAPTIST CHURCH. By reference to the minutes of Salem Baptist association for 1870, we get sight at the organization. "Eev. S. Pickard, during the month of June, came among us and held a series of meetings which resulted in our organ ization. By the blessing of the Great Head of the church, saints were revived and sinners made to bow. "We were organized as the Baptist churcb of Blandinsville, on the 24th of June, 1870, by Elders S. Pickard and W. Hobbs, and publicly recognized as the Baptist church of Blandinsville, by a regular council called for that purpose. We now ask admission in your body as a member of the same. We have com menced the erection of a house of wor ship, which A\(e expect to complete before winter. "Have preaching every alternate Thurs day evening by Elder J. J. W. Place, and occasionally by Elder N. Parks, of Earitan, on Sunday." The constituent members who went into the organization of the Blandins ville' church Avere: Harriet Harmon, Mary A. Ward, Helen Gruber, Eliza Faigley, Edith Porter, Jane Eay, Pau lina Logan, Eleseph Eay, James C. Faigley, Matilda Seybold, Isaac H. Bo- zarth and Henry Harmon. The recognizing council met the first Thursday in August, 1870. The churches represented were: Sciota, Elm Grove, Bushnell, Independence, Hillsborough, Earitan, and St. Mary's. Was organized by electing Elder J. G. Ward, moderator, and E. Eogers, clerk. * During the first year the membership increased to 34. The house was located on Maple street, on the east end of town; but was not fin ished as anticipated in the report to as sociation in 1870. It was then thought that the house would be finished by the coming 'winter, but the association min- 464 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. utes of 1871, shoAv some reverses that retarded the work. "Our church build ing which was in course of erection, and upon which we had expended some $1,200, was blown down by the severe storms of last spring." Consequently, the house did not reach its completion until 1872. That year the Salem Bap tist association met with the Blandins ville church, September 14, 15, 16, 1872. At which time we get the following: "Blandinsville — We Avelcome the dele gates and visiting brethren to our house of worship, and to our homes, etc. Have succeeded in completing our house of worship; have paid on it $2,256, leaving a balance of $860, yet due." Elder J. M. Harrington, then of Kentucky, had been written to, to be present at this associa tion and dedicate the new church house. He complied with the request. Held a series of revival meetings in which the church was greatly strengthened and dedicated the house free from debt. At ¦ this time Elder Wm. Hobbs was pas tor, preaching once a month for the church. The house was of good size, frame, without any gaudiness in appear ance, or style. The grounds, house and church prop erty, has been estimated at $4,000, with out including its recent improvements. The line of pastors, as the record shows is as follows : Elder J. H. Delano was called to the Care of the church in March, 1871, and served but a short time, as it appears that Elder Hobbs be came his successor, February, 1872. After which. Elder Delano was recalled in 1873, and resigned in 1876. After this resignation, Eev. G. E. Eldridge served for a whUe. Eldridge was followed by Elder J. Wood Saunders, who came to the pastorate, August, 1877, and resigned July, of the year foUowing. Next was Elder T. W. Jones, who served but a short time and resigned. Elder S. J. McCormick was successor to Jones, and resigned in November, 1881. Elder W. McNutt, then of Indiana, was called to the church in December, 1881, for one year, to serve Blandinsville and Hills borough churches for a salary of $1,000. At the expiration of the year, the call was made for time indefinite, for the Blandinsville church, each party having the right, upon three months notice, to sever the relation of pastor and church. During the last year, 1884, the church has had many improvements made, both inside and out, until it now compares favorably with any in this part of the state. Among the improvements may be mentioned the additional building of ample dressing rooms and baptistry, all beautifully constructed, with a vestibule in front, having appropriate doors of en trance. The outside of the house is deeply painted in stone color; whUe the inside is finely papered after the most approved style of church work. These improvements cost about $800. The present membership is about 135. As a class of citizens, the Baptists of Blandinsville will not suffer in contrast with any other people, in point of wealth or intelligence. The church is in sym pathy with all of their great denomina tional interests, schools, colleges, mis sions, etc. The officers are: W. H. Grigsby, S. J. Grigsby, H. K. Prather and James N. Pennington, deacons; J. V. M. Hardesty, A. Pennington and O. P. Pennington, trustees; James E. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 465 Ward, church clerk; and W. H. Grigsby, church treasurer. On the 3d of January, 1885, Elder McNutt offered his resignation as pas tor, to take effect the last of March fol lowing. Preaching is held every Sunday, morn ing and evening; covenant meeting Sat urday before first Sundays, at 2 p. m. ; prayer meetings every Thursday night, and Sabbath school every Sunday morn ing. Elder Wm. McNutt was born in the eastern division of the state of Tennes see, March 19, 1823. He professed faith in Christ Jesus, August 22, 1847, and and was baptized by Elder W. F. For rest, then of McMinn county, Tennessee, but whose mortal remains now rest in the city cemetery at Macomb. Mr. Mc Nutt was baptized into the fellowship of New Friendship Baptist church, in Bradley county^ Tennessee. He was licensed to preach the gospel of Christ by the New Friendship Baptist church, on the 6th of April, 1860, and ordained on the 3d of August following, by order of New Friendship Baptist church, un der the hands of Elders Isaac Chrisman James Scarbury and J. H. Cawood, who constituted the presbytery. He was married to Mary A. Gatewood, of Polk county, Tennessee, March 17, 1853. He removed to Indiana in August, 1864, and from that state to Blandinsville, McDon ough county, in April, 1882. He is still a resident there, and the pastor of the Baptist church. Elder John Logan was born in Eock bridge county, Virginia, February 14, 1793. His father, Samuel Logan, was a native of Ireland, who emigrated to this country when about 20 years of age, and was married about the year 1789 to Ann Wylie. A short time after the birth of John, his parents removed to Ga,rrett county, Kentucky, making the journey with two pack horses, on which all their worldly goods were borne. He was a self-made man in every sense of the word. On account of the extreme pov erty of his parents, he only obtained such education as the common schools of that early day afforded, but he had a thirst for knowledge, and read with avid ity every book he could get, thus storing his mind with information that was of service to him in after years in the pro clamation of the gospel. On the 28th of November, 1816, he was married to Nancy Newell, in Simpson county, Ken tucky, and at once removed to Sumner county, Tennessee, where he lived for five years. It was here, under the preaching of Elder Lee Allen, that he was converted to Christ, and where he and his estimable wife were buried in baptism on the 3d day of October, 1819, and on the first Sunday in November of the same year they united with the New Hope Baptist church, in Simpson county, Kentucky. From the time of his con version he began the proclamation of the gospel. In October, 1823, he removed to Dubois county, Indiana, where he re mained for four years. When he first settled here he thought to engage no more in the preaching of the gospel, imagining his labors were fruitless. He had been in the neighborhood but a short time when he attended a religious service at the house of a neighbor, when the following dialogue occurred: "John, did you ever preach?" "I don't know." 466 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. "Did you ever try ?" He had to admit that he had. "Why, don't you know the Lord will kill you if you don't do His work? Now, we must have preaching, and you must do it." A load was lifted from his mind, and never after that did he fail to preach as an opportunity offered. He was regularly ordained by Elders Graham, Charles Harper and David Hornaday, and in the spring of 1828 moved to this county, and settled near the present town of Industry, living one season in the old block house, of which mention is made elsewhere in these records. The block house at this time was the property of William Carter, who learning Elder Logan was coming to the neighborhood to live, Avas watch ing for him, and when he made his ap pearance with the two-horse team, with his family and entire household goods packed therein, -he was hailed by Mr. Carter, who asked him where he was going to live. He replied that he had ar ranged with a family in the neighborhood to occupy a part of their house. Mr. Carter then said: "Now, see here, Mr. Logan, I have lived long enough in this world to know that no house is large enough for two women. There is that old block house over there, if that will suit, you can take it and use it as long as you like, and it shan't cost you a cent." The offer was thankfully received, and the place was soon made ready for the use of the family. Here they lived until fall, when they moved into a more com fortable house, where they remained un til the following year, when another move was made to Schuyler county, which place was made their home until the fall of 1835, when they again re turned to McDonough, this time settling near the present town of Blandinsville, and where they lived until the day of Mr. Logan's death. While living in the old block house he preached in the neigh borhood, and organized the first Sunday school ever, held in the county. As a preacher. Elder Logan was energetic and earnest in the extreme — an off-hand speaker, never writing his sermons, and seldom using notes. His Avhole heart was in his Master's work, and he labored earnestly and zealously in the field in which he was called upon to occupy. In the spring of 1832 he received the ap pointment of missionary from the Home Missionary society of Boston, Massa chusets. For this he was excluded fi-om the Spoon Eiver association in the Sep tember following. Previous to this he was what is known as a Eegular Baptist, a branch of the Baptist family opposed to missionary societies and salaried preachers, but which, we believe, up to this time had never made the same a test of fellowship. His exclusion from the association did not cause him to lose interest in the work, but rather made him the more zealous, and we find him preaching everjTvhere in the region known as Military Tract, the unsearch able riches of God, and his work seems to have been specially blessed to the sal vation of many. As a citizen he was eminently a man of peace; a christian father and husband, ever teaching his children that the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom. While living in Schuyler county he was elected justice of the peace, but held the office but a short time, believing it incompatable HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 467 with his duties as a minister of Christ. The result of his union with Nancy Newell was the birth of 13 chUdren, eight of whom are now living. BAPTIST CHURCH, BUSHNELL. Onthe 13th of February, 1862, a little knot of the people of Bushnell, who were of the Baptist denomination, gath ered together, and effected an organi zation of a society. Elder H. S. Warren acted as moderator of the meeting, and John F. Smith', as clerk. The original members of the infant church, that gave in their aUegiance at that meeting, were: J. F. Smith, Jonathan Greene, William Greene, H. S. P. Warren, Mary A. Smith, Lucy P. Greene, Jane Fuson, Angeline Kinyon, William S. Hummel, Moses Wilson, Esther Adams, and Laura J. Warren. It was recognized as a church on the 16th of April, 1862, and Eev. H. S. P. Warren installed as pas tor. Meetings were held for a time in the German Methodist church, and in Andrew's and Smith's halls. In 1866, the society erected a church, a neat stoucture, 36x44 feet in size, at a cost of $2,700. It has since been enlarged to 66 feet in length, and is valued at about $3,500. The groAvth of the church has been gradual, mostly by members mov ing in from other places, and in the con version of the children and friends of its members. The church has had several revivals of religion, but no very exten sive work. The present membership is 160. As has been already mentioned, Eev. H. S. P. Warren was the first pastor. He retained that relation Arith the church until 1865, when he was succeeded by Eev. William T. Bly, who remained one year. Eev. E. Euss served from in 1866 to 1868, when he was followed by Eev. William T. Hill, who preached for about two years. In 1870, Eev. J. J. W. Place was called to this pulpit, and re mained with this people a short time. Following him was Eev. G. P. Gyle, and he by Eev. Niles Kinney. Eev. Charles Cross served one year in the pulpit of the church, and was followed by Eev. J. C. Hart, who remained until 1879. Eev. E. C. Eay became pastor of the church during the year 1881. BAPTIST CHURCH AT TENNESSEE. The Baptist church at Tennessee was erected in the fall of 1865, and was or ganized by Eev. W. E. Welch, Avith a class of about 25. The edifice is a frame structure, 40x60 feet in dimensions. E. Corfield has held service in the church for the past two years and a half, every four weeks. The present deacons of the church are M. Stewart and A. T. Salis bury, having served in that capacity for about four years. M. Stewart, S. Moore, and A. T. Salisbury, act as trustees of the church at present, and have also retained that position for four years past. The present membership num bers about 20. BAPTIST CHURCH, SCIOTA. The First Baptist church, of Sciota, was organized February 16, 1870, at a meeting held in the Christian church, by J. L. Benedict, D. D. The first mem bers of the organization were J. M. For rest and wife. Misses L. E. and T. E. Forrest, James Eussell and wife, Mary Buckhart, John Seybold, and E. N. 468 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Henderson. The first regular pastor was Eev. Joseph Delano, and A. M. Newton was the first clerk of the church. Meetings were held in the Christian church until a church edifice of their own was erected, which was in 1871. It is a good, plain church structure, about 30x40 feet, with a well proportioned spire rising from the center of the front, wiiich contains a good-toned, ordinary- sized beU. The buUding cost $1,950. The present membership is about 90, and the contributions are about $700 per annum. The first sermon preached by a Baptist minister in Sciota, was by Elder Sutton, in the, year 1868. The succession of pastors to the pulpit of this church, are J. M. Harrington, G. T. Calvin, James Eone, J. E. Todd, E. C. Eay, and Jacob Cornelius, the latter serving as pastor at present. There is also a Sunday school in connection with the church. INDEPENDENT BAPTIST CHURCH, OF EMMET TOWNSHIP. . The church building of this congre gation is located upon section 10, of Emmet toAAmship, and was erected in 1868 or 1859. The organization was originally perfected July 4, 1847, with a membership of eight, and until the erection of a house of worship, met in a school house. Among the first mem bers were William Pennington and wife, Mrs. Eliza Hardin, Jacob Clem mer and Arife, Mrs. Mary Simmons, Williain Drain and wife and Eliza Hardin. Eev. J. Owen was the first pastor. The church continued to grow slowly for a time until the Evangelist, Freeman came, when it prospered quite rapidly, and at one time had a member ship of 220, and church property to the amount of $600. Some of the members died, a large number were dismissed by letter, and several others were excluded, and the congregation is no longer in existence. HILLSBOROUGH BAPTIST CHURCH, OF BLANDINSVILLE TOWNSHIP. This congregation was organized in 1849, and in the year foUoAring a good frame house of worship Avas erected, at a cost of $2,000. It is located on the southeast quarter of section 18. The house at present is in good repair. The membership is about 100. The follow ing persons have served as pastors: Elder J. G. Ward, William Forrest, John Eay, and Elder William Hobbs, who came among this people in 1868. BAPTIST CHURCH, PRAIRIE CITY. The Baptist church of Prairie City was organized November 9, 1866, by Elder E. J. Lockwood, with the foUow ing 14 members: Alonzo Barnes, Mar tha L. Barnes, William Davis, Susan Davis, Kate Smith, J. B. Eobinson and wife, Ann Legg, M. Heminover, Martha Macomb, T. C. Luther, Porter J. Jack, Euth H. BeU and Eebecca Barnes. Meetings were held in the school house until 1850. when a good frame church edifice was erected, at a cost of $2,000. It is 32x48 feet, with a spire containing a fair-sized bell. It is situated on Smith street, near Main. The first deacons chosen were M. Heminover and Alonzo Barnes. Mr. Barnes was also chosen clerk. The following have served this church as pastors: S. A. Kingsbury, H. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 469 S. P. Warren, C. Hutchins, E. J. Lock- wood, Danforth C. A. Hewett, A. J. Col ville and S. H. D. Vaughn. CEDAR CREEK BAPTIST CHURCH, OF WALNUT GROVE TOWNSHIP. The church structure is located on section 22. It is a good frame building, 26x46 feet, and was erected in 1872, at a cost of $1,500. UNION REGULAR BAPTIST CHURCH OF BETHEL TOWNSHIP. While the Old School, Eegular Bap tists, are strong in numbers, influence and respectability in some other parts of this state, and more particularly in some of the other states, and have some very ably edited papers, yet, in all McDon ough county they make but a poor show as to numbers, and as to their standing and influence in civil society they claim only their proportionate part with the rest of the community. In the month of November, 1831, Elder Logan and Elder Stephen Strick land constituted a Baptist church in Bethel township, named Union, com posed of 10 members, four males and six females: John Gibson, Nancy Gib son, William Stephens, Sarah Stephens, James Edmondston, Polly Edmondston, Eichard Morris, Abigal Ferguson, Cass anda ^Morris and Sarah C. Palmer. Elders Logan and Strickland do not ap pear to have met with this little church often after they organized her, but in July, 1832, Thomas H. Owen, a licen tiate, visited and preached to them. Owen located in Hancock county, and was afterward ordained a minister, and became a man of ability. He repre sented his county in the general assem bly of Illinois one or more terms, then emigrated to Zem Zem, California, where he still lives, and is able to preach and write some to the edification of the saints. John Gibson, one of the consti tuents of this church, was one of the early settlers in the county, and located at an early date on the road from Ma comb to Quincy, Avliere he resided till his death, AprU 22, 1869. Uncle John Gibson was as well known among the Baptists of the surrounding country as any other private member. He had much intercouse with them, his doors always open to receive them, and on two occasions of the annual associations being held near him, he fed over 200 persons, and also lodged them in his house and in his barn, often telling his brethren, in his jovial way, that the "soft side of a board was good enough for a Hardshell Baptist." In 1832 the church called Elder Wil liam Bradley to the pastoral care" of the same. Early in the fall of 1832, this church sent messengers to the Spoon Eiver Association, and was received into her correspondence and feUowship, al though she was composed of "Eegular" Baptist churches, associated together for mutual edification and correspondence. The little church of Union, in Novem ber of the same year, considered the propriety of ' changing the name by which she was known from United to Eegular Baptist, and the change was made by unanimous consent. Her rea sons for dropping the name United, and assuming the name, Eegular, she be lieved to be of sufficient importance to warrant the change of this qualifying appellative attached to what was origi- 470 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. nally the Baptist church. First, she found that the articles of faith of the Association of the Eegular Baptist churches were substantially the game as her OAvn; secondly, she had learned to her deep sorrow and grief that many bearing the name of United Baptist churches had, as she verily believed, de parted from the faith and practice of the gospel, and hence she, for the sake of consistency, harmony and good order, took the name of Eegular Baptist by mutual consent. In doing this, however, she did not change a single article of her faith, or a single clause in her rules of decorum. And what is here said of the Union church in dropping the United and assuming the name Eegular Baptist, may be said of many similar ones throughout the south and west, and even elsewhere. In 1833, Elder Micajah B. Eowland joined the Union church by letter, and soon became pastor of the church, and was released from it in 1836. He after wards removed to Iowa and continued to preach until he was worn out with old age. In 1835, Samuel L. Dark, a licentiate, was received by letter, and was ordained in 1840. He now resides near Brooklyn, Schuyler county, and is still busily en gaged in proclaiming the gospel far and near. There is something very peculiar in the conversion of this man. In 1831 he was in the Black Hawk war under General Duncan, and being from Schuy ler county, and being unsurpassed for wit, humor and fun, he was called the " Schuyler County Fool-Killer," gener ally among the camps ; and having a won derful memory and a great tact at mim- icry,he was frequently engaged in preach ing the funeral of dead horses and mules. While encamped in the bottom where the city of Eock Island stands, he was engaged in the funeral services of a de funct mule; and during his solemn ap peals to heaven, amidst a crowd of sol diers, he was suddenly seized with strong convictions for his sins and blasphemies, and never found rest until he found it at the feet of Christ. Elder D. has preached so much in this county, and for a while' resided in it, that we feel justified in giv ing this remarkable incident in his life. Tbe little band steadily increased in num bers, holding their meetings in private houses, until finally they were enabled to build a house a few miles southeast of Middletown. In 1838, Elder Eobert Mays joined them by letter, and was for a while pastor of the church. In 1838, Elder John Driskill joined them by letter and became their pastor, and remained with them till his death, which occurred in 1857 or 1858. Elder George Tracy, of Hancock county, was pastor of the church for a- few months, and on the 27th of May, 1858, he dropped dead at the saw mill at Tucker town. He was a worthy man, and much missed after his decease. In September, 1868, Elder J. N. Van Meter became the pastor of this little band of christians, and sustained that relation for nearly a score of years, as sisted, however, for the last few years by Elders Jacob Castlebury and T. N. Frazee. Elder Frazee, who Avas an able and worthy brother, died in March, 1873. The church has met in the village of /^r^^ /^^e^.^^^ HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 473 Middletown for many years, and in 1876 built a new house of worship. It has never numbered at any one time, per haps, over 35 or 40 menibers, but has dis missed by letter, from time to time, enough members to form another re spectable church or two, who have moved out of its bounds. Enough of its mem bers have left the militant state and gone to the church triumphant to form a good sized congregation, as it has been orga nized over 60 years. It has now 37 com municants, all in peace. The building of this denomination is located on section 8, and was erected in 1876, at a cost of $2,200, and is 36x52 feet in size. It is a good, substantial structure, and was dedicated in 1876 by Eev. Harry Taylor, of California. The present pastor is Eev. J. Saunders, of Littleton, Illinois, who holds services every two weeks. ANTIOCH CHURCH, REGULAR BAPTIST, MIDDLETOWN. This little church was organized in Mid dletoAvn in February, 1841, at which time the Union church held its meetings a few miles southeast of there. Elders T. H. Owen and Moses Frazee officiated in the constitution of this church. But four persons were ready to go into the organization at the time as a nucleus around which others were expected soon to gather. The constituents were John McCormick, Parthena McCormick, Wil liam D. Stevens and Holly Edmonston. Immediately after they were organized six others were added to their number, and they afterward made a reasonable groAvth. In April of the same year Elder Owen became pastor of the church, and the same year she connected herself Avith the Salem association of churches, which included parts of Hancock, Adams and Brown counties. In 1843 she built a house of worship in Middletown, where she held her regular meetings, attended by Elder Owen and occasionally by Elder Frazee. Finally, however, they found themselves deprived of a pastor, and be coming satisfied that the labors of one could not be secured, they consulted to gether and mutually agreed to dissolve the organization by giving each other letters of dismission to join other churches. This was done in October, 1849, since which the members have united elsewhere, the most of them join ing the Union church, uoav meeting in Middletown. Besides these two organizations, there have been one or more churches con stituted, which had similar articles of faith to those of the present regular, or Old School Baptists, but have since gone with the New School party. The regular Baptists have now but • one church, which meets regularly within the county. FREE WILL BAPTIST CHURCH, OF PRAIRIE CITY. This society was organized in Septem ber, 1857, by Elder John B. Fast, assis ted by Elders S. Shaw and P. Christian. The first members were as follows: — Elder J. B. Fast and Sarah Fast, his Arife; John J. Fast, Samuel Nestlerhode, and Catharine, his wife; William Nest lerhode, William Bolin, Adeline Tainter, and Belch Mary White. John J. Fast was the first clerk of the church. In the summer and fall of 1866, a church building, 40x60 feet in ground 28 474 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. area, was erected, at a cost of about $5,000. At that time there were about 126 members. After Mr. Fast, the pas tors have been as foUows: — J. Phillips, who came in 1860; Milton McDonald, in 1861; M. S. HubbeU, in May, 1862; J. Eeeve, in December, 1863; H. G. Woodworth, in 1865; E. D. Lewis, in 1889; J. J, Weadge, inl871; H. Black- mar, in 1873; H. G. Woodworth, in March, 1874; he staid until January, 1875, after which there was a vacancy of several months; J. S. Dinsmore was the next pastor, and after he departed there was another vacancy for some time. S. J. Weed came in October, 1882. H. G. Woodworth, the present pastor, was called here in January, 1884. The present officers are: — J. Vose, L. B. Sanford, A. Eecord, S. T. Dodge, and J. W. Closson, trustees; A. Eecord, clerk; Mrs. J. Vose, treasurer. The church UOAV has a membership of 76. Twenty-seven members have been taken in during the past winter, and 43 in the last year. The condition of the church is prosperous. There is a Sunday school in connection with the church, with about 70 members. The superin tendent is J. W. Closson. The Woman's Missionary society is auxiliary to the church, and has officers as follows: Miss Anna Eecord, .president; Mrs. H. G. Woodworth, vice-president, Mrs. Zacha riah Foster, secretary; Mrs. Mantania, treasurer. This society supports a native zenana teacher in Orissey, Hin- doostan. This, however, is extra work. They send money to different missions, and this is their regular work. There is also a Children's Mission band, with the following officers: Miss Mary Vose, directress; Miss Kittie Closson, presi dent; W. S. Woodworth, secretary; Miss Myra Everly, treasurer. Simon J. Weed, present pastor of the Cottonwood Free Will Baptist church, is a native of Gallia county, Ohio, born March 11, 1854. He grew to manhood there, and followed teaching for a time. In 1877 he entered Eio Grande college, Ohio, and attended two years. During the time spent in college he had a pas torate at Harris, Ohio, which he held until 1881, when he went to Somerset county, Pennsylvania. He remained there until coming to his present loca tion, which was in 1882. He was mar ried in Gallia county, Ohio, May 15, 1878, to Sarah E. Allison. She died July 23, 1884, leaving one child, which died September 27, 1884 GERMAN BAPTISTS OR DUNKERS. The following account of this denom ination was prepared by A. G. Black, a minister of this church and is believed to convey the correct and authentic in formation in regard to this branch of christians: In all their periodicals and records this sect is known as German Baptists, but always among themselves as Breth ren, and are better known, perhaps, by others by their nickname, Dunkers. This denomination claims to have reorganized the church, with all of its primitive rites, in 1708 in Germany. The awakening that followed Luther's reformation caused many to seek after true "primi tive Christianity," who, from their chris tian association together and fidelity to the teachings of their Master, were called "Pietists." Their zeal aroused the in- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 475 dignation of the priesthood, who, by the relentless hand of persecution, drove them for protection to Witgenstein. They still held to the name of Pietists, but not withstanding much difference of opinion among themselves, they called each other brothers and labored together. It was found necessary to have a form of regular church government. A con vention for this purpose was held, which resulted in partial failure. There were eight souls who here covenanted with God in Christ Jesus — to take the bible as their man of council, and the gospel of their blessed Savior for their rule of faith and practice, ignoring all creeds and discipline of human invention, but resolved, by the grace of God, to make all things according to the pattern shown to them on Mount Zion. There were eight present at this convention. The little band made considerable headway for several years, when again they, were driven from their homes by persecution. They sought shelter under the king of Prussia, and still further persecution followed, when they resolved to go to America, and in 1719 the first party landed, and in 1729 the remainder arriv ed, and settled in GermantoAvn, Pennsyl vania. From this point they have spread all over the nation, numbering at pres ent about 150,000, with 1,466 ministers, with 140 in Illinois. Mr. A. G. Black, a minister of the Washington arm of the church, located in the county of Kosciusko, Indiana, came to this county in 1864, and after visiting the members residing here and in the western part of Fulton county, concluded to organize a church in this county, and on June 2d, 1865, through the kindness of the friends in school dis trict No. 8, in Mound township, were permitted to meet in their school house. There were 14 present: John Pool and wife, Henry Zuck and Avife, John Crowl and wife, Joseph Einker and wife, Mar tin Myers and Avife, Isaac Crosswait and wife, A. G. Black and wife, and some foreign brethren. After the usual solem nities of such occasions, it was ascer tained that John Pool and Henry Zuck were already authorized deacons, and A. G. Black a minister in the second degree. The members present, on being examin ed separate and apart from the official members, agreed to accept them in their official capacity in the new organization. After the elders had dedicated them to their Lord and Master in solemn prayer to God, the organization was given the name of the Bushnell arm of the church. Since, 30 members have moved within the boundary of the congregation, and 34 joined by baptism, while 16 have re moved — leaving a total of 62. In 1867, John L. Myers and Jacob Burgard, who is now deceased, were cho sen to the minislry, and in the same year Hiram Morrison and P. Carson were elected deacons, and in 1875 John Pool, Jr., was chosen to the ministry and Wil liam Cook as deacon. The tenets of the church are, in brief, as follows : They consider faith, repent ance and baptism as essential to church membership, also valid christian baptism to be performed by "ti'iune immersion," Matthew 28: 19; members are to observe all things Christ has commanded them. Matt. 28: 20; they are not to engage in carnal warfare, Isa. 2: 4; Matt. 16: 62 and 5: 38-47; they are not to take an _ia.'ML.iuij..i. 476 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. oath. Matt. 6: 33-37, James 5: 12; they are to wash one another's feet, as com manded in John 13; and are to salute one another with the kiss, as commanded five times by the apostles, and observe plainness of dress as commanded in I. Peter 3, and other places. Another church of this faith is located in Bethel township. The church edifice is situated on the southeast corner of the southwest quarter of section 18. It is a well-built and finished structure, 30x40 feet in ground area, and was com pleted in 1883, at a cost of $1,200, by Pious Carson. Eev. Mr. Gibson offici ated at the dedicatory services. The church at present is in a healthy and prosperous condition, with a member ship of about 30 persons. Eev. John L. Myers is the present pastor. CHRISTIAN CHURCH AT MACOMB. The first discourse ever delivered by a Disciple in Macomb, was by Elder Livy Hatchitt, at the house of David Clarke, in the year 1835. Elder H. came to Macomb and endeavored to get the use of some public building, but was refused on account of his supposed heterodoxy. Mr. Clarke, who had read much of the writings of Alexander Campbell, and who subscribed generaUy to his views, offered his house, which Avas accepted. No special results followed the preach ing, but it was supposed the "good seed" was sown, which brought forth fruit in after years. By 1845 quite a number of Disciples had gathered in the neighborhood of Macomb, and they resolved to organize, if possible. They sent for Elder Daven port, of Walnut Grove, now Eureka, Illinois, who, not being able to come, sent A. J. Kane, no'W a resident of Springfield, but then a young evange list. Elder Kane came, and securing the court house, preached with such force and power as to turn 29 souls to the Lord. Dr. Young organized the congregation September 16, 1845, with 17 members, .which, adding to the 29 obtained under Elder Kane's preaching, made a band of 46 earnest disciples. The following are the names of the original 17 members; Benjamin F. Martin, William H. Franklin, James S. Palmer, James Clarke, William B. Pile, Hannah B. Pile, William Maxwell, Lucy Maxwell, Elizabeth G. Palmer, George Booth,Isabella Booth, Lucy Beard, Mar garet Broaddus, Emily J. Sweeney, Sarah Bacon, Eachel Hampton, Maria J. Franklin. The following officers were chosen : B. F. Martin and W. H. Frank lin, elders; James S. Palmer and James Clarke, deacons. No regular preaching was had for some months, but the congregation met regularly upon the Lord's day to break bread. In 1845, a church building was erected, on Carroll street, east of Lafay ette, which was in use until in 1877, when they erected the present house of worship, on West Jackson street. This edifice is 38x78 feet in ground area, and was built at an expense of $4,400, includ ing the price of the lot. The following named have served as pastors of the congregation: Elders Livy Hatchett, W. W. Hopkins, W. P. Shockey, W. 0. Miller, Samuel Lowe, J. C. Eeynolds (about 11 years), J. H. Garrison; P. K. Dibble, J. H. Smart and G. W. Mapes. Several successful revivals have been HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 477 enjoyed by the church under the preach ing of such men as A. J. Kane, William Brown, Ziba Brown, William J. Hous ton, Dr. Hopkinson, John S. Sweeney, Samuel Lowe, J. C. Eeynolds, Dr. Dun- keson, D. E. Lucas, P. K. Dibble and J. H. Smart. Since the organization nearly 1,000 persons have united with this church, and the present membership is about 200. A Sabbath school has been kept up by this congregation for at least 36 years, and is well attended. THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH, COLCHESTER. The denomination of protestants known by the name of Christian, have a church and congregation at Colchester. This was organized during the month of March, 1867, with the foUowing original members: David Blazer and wife; Daniel McKinley and wife; James Hood and wife ; Mrs. Samuel Parks and one or two others. About the first of the next month following, its inception, a revival was held under the charge of the first minister, Eev. C. Ades, who was assisted by J. C. Eeynolds. This meeting was held for six weeks, and a great awaken ing occurred, and 117 members were added to the new church. This placed the church on a firm footing. The first officers were S. Stevens, Daniel McKin ley, M. Stookey, John Patrick and David Blazer, elders; James Dickinson and Thomas Honn, deacons; S. Stevens, M. Stookey, J. Patrick, James Dickinson and D. McKinley, trustees. The church edifice, which is a neat, substantial frame structure, was erected in 1868. It is 36x 66 feet upon the ground and cost some $3,400 to build. The present member ship of the church is about fifty. S. D. Mills and WiUiam Morrison are the present elders; John H. Stevens and Adam Taylor, deacons; J. H. Stevens is the clerk, and Mrs. A. J. Stevens, treas urer. The present minister is Eev. J. S. Gash. A Sabbath school is held in connection with the church, over which S. D. Mills presides as superintendent. BLANDINSVILLE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. We are indebted to M. P. Hayden, the present pastor of this church, for the following account of the congregation under his care: This is the oldest church of this de nomination in the county. It was for merly known as Liberty church, the place of meeting being two miles north of town. It was organized in 1832. In 1849, it was decided to change the place of worship to Blandinsville. A new meeting house was built in the town, which was finished in 1852. Since that time, the church has experienced various fortunes, sometimes enjoying prosperity, sometimes enduring adversity. During the war, the church was somewhat divided, and feelings of animosity en gendered on account of disturbances and political strifes incident to that period. The foUoAring persons have served as pastors ofthe church: James K. Knox, Uriah Long, A. J. Kane, James D. Eads, John Eigdon, J. M. Dodge, James E. Eoss, Dr. Bacon, Cornelius Ades, Patrick Murphy, Bedford Murphy, J. M. Mar tin, Eobert Lieurance, J. H. Coffee, S. K. Hallam, H. E. Trickett, J. F. Leek, T. H. Goodnight and G. F. Adams. Through the labors of G. F. Adams, who was pastor of the church from Decem ber, 1879, to June, 1884, the church was 478 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. greatly strengthened in numbers and in fluence, so that the membership, at one time, was over four hundred. This num ber, however, has been diminished by deaths, removals and other causes, until its present membership is about three hundred and fifty. In 1881, a new house of worship was erected. It is an attractive wooden edi fice, worth about $6,000. It is neat and commodious, and complete in all its ar rangements. M. P. Hayden, the pres ent pastor of the church, began his labors in October, 1884, and is an able disciple of the Master. The church has a live, successful Sunday school, with T. H. Williams as its efficient superin tendent. The meetings of the church are well attended, and the church, in all its departments of work, is in a healthy, prosperous condition. The present officers of the church are as follows: Elders, M. P. Hayden, William Camp bell, Preston Huston, James P. Hitch; deacons, W. P. Welch, Byers Hensley, George Eussell, Frank Fuhr; trustees, Howard Campbell, E. G. Griffin, Byers Hensley, George Eussell and James P. Hitch. MOUND CHRISTIAN CHURCH, MOUND TOWNSHIP. , This church was organized in 1857, by Elder J. B. Eoyal, with the following .original members: Nelson and Eliza beth McManamie,. Samuel and Sophia Henry, Emeline Harris, Daniel W. and Ann Wilson, Henrietta Thomas, Nar- cisses Langsford, Daniel Boughman, Jonathan Yocum, Thoinas Simmons, James H. Langsford, Burton Wilson and wife, Ann Wilson, B. B. Wilson, Eliza beth Wilson, Lucinda Simmons, Joseph W. and Mary S. James, William Sim mons, Thomas and Elizabeth McKenzie, Mary Honeycutt, Diana Jones, Char- lotta James, Jerusha Pumphrey, George Walters, Elmira Harris, Simpson Mer rill. Jonathan Slocum, Simpson Mer rill and Samuel Henry were chosen as elders. Nelson McManamie was the first deacon, and Samuel Henry was the first- clerk. Meetings were held regu larly in school houses until 1864, when the present church structure was com pleted. It is located on section 14, and was built at a cost of $2,000. It is a good frame building, 30x46 feet in size. At one time the membership numbered 100, but many have since moved away. The succession of pastors since the or ganization, have been J. B. Eoyal, Elder Smart, David Thompson, Thomas Dun- canson, Alpheus Brown, H. C. Little ton, J. B. Eoyal, H. C. Littleton and Thomas Weaver. This latter gentleman completed his labors with the church in 1881, since which time the society has been without a regular pastor, although services are still held occasionally. NEW SALEM CHRISTIAN CHURCH. The congregation known by the above name, Avas organized, April 8, 1869, by Eev. J. B. Eoyal, of Vermont, Fulton county, in what Avas knoAvn as the Wet sel school house, with the following list of members : William A. Griffin, Francis Epperson, James D. Swartz, Daniel Wilson, Hugh Chapman, William Kel ley, Jane Kerr, Julia Ann Chapman, Sarah Swearingen, Almira Hays, Josiah Herlocker, Margaret Herlocker, Mary J. Griffin, George Kerr, Caleb Hipsley, HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 479 America McVey, and Jane Chapman. Francis Epperson, W. A. Griffin, and Daniel Wilson, Avere appointed elders. For some years previous to this, how ever, services were held in the schopl house' by these same people, but no or ganization was formed until the above date. The following is the covenant of organization entered into: "We, the undersigned, disciples of Christ, in obedience to the Great Head of the church, do now solemnly and joyfully agree with each other, to walk together in the Lord with brotherly love, as a church of Christ, and do also take the bible as our rule of faith and practice. Done in Wetsel school house, in New Salem township, April 8, 1859." A fine church edifice was erected by this con gregation in the fall of 1867, on the northwest quarter of section 34, at a cost of $2,200. It is a well built structure, 32x45 feet in size, and well finished in side and out. For the first nine years of its existence, Eev. Joseph B. Eoyal labored in this vineyard, and was suc ceeded by John Eeynolds, and others. Eev. Alexander Johnson dedicated the church building, December, 1867, and preached here for about one year. He was followed by Eev. Henry Smither, A. P. Aten, and others. The committee on building the church were W. A. Griffin, W. B. Swango, William Hodgen, and William Beckwith. The elders, were W. A. Griffin and Samuel Frost. In 1871, these resigned, and Stewart Piles and W. B. Swango, were appointed in their place, but the latter refused to serve, and in 1881, Mr. Piles emigrating to Kansas, the office of elder has been discharged by Eichard Pennington, | alone. The church has a present mem bership of about 35, and is in a good, healthy condition. BEDFORD CHRISTIAN CHURCH, BLAN DINSVILLE TOWNSHIP. This congregation was organized, AprU 7, 1850, by Elder Milton Dodge, Arith the following members: Eichard Bright- well, Eliza Brightwell, Elizabeth Bright- well, Charles Bradshaw, John Gibson, Elizabeth Johnson, Benjamin Moore, Margaret Moore, Eobert McCaully,Mar- garet McCauUy, Noble Ousley, Naoma Ousley, William and Grace Pennington, McKamy Euddle, Eachel Spikers, Peter Shelly, William and Silva Arnold, James and Margaret Cyrus, Elizabeth Duncan, Margaret Emerson, Walter Huston, Sr., Walter Huston, Jr., James and Harriet Hamilton, Joel B. and Cath arine Huston, Waney Huston, Sr.,Waney Huston, Jr., Zelpha Huston, David Shel ley, Elizabeth Shelley, Eliza Spiker, Horatus and Eliza Weston. The following persons have served as pastors: Elders Dodge, Patrick Mur phy, Bedford Murphy, Eeynolds, Kern, Ades, Eoss, Lieurance, Coffee, Lucy, Fisher, Wallace, Huston, Goodnight, James McGuire. The church building is located upon the northeast quarter of section 5, Blan dinsville township, and is valued at $1,500. The parsonage is valued at $1,200. Salary of pastor, $800. Pr9s- ent membership about 200, the annual contribution being about $1,200. The average attendance in Sunday school is about 100, with an annual collection of about $90, and much genuine interest is displayed. 480 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. SCIOTA CHRISTIAN CHURCH. The church structure of this congre gation was erected in 1869, before the organization of the church. It is a good frame building, 32x46 feet, and cost $2,250. William H. Franklin was the prime mover in this work. The building committee consisted of W. H. Franklin, John Dew, and J. M. Eussell. Before the building of the church, meetings were held in a shed, built for the pur pose, on ground near the church. Here Elders, J. C. Eeynolds and Coffee held a meeting, the first of this denomination in the town. Elder J. B. Eoyal preached the first sermon in the church, while Elder J. H. Garrison delivered the dedi catory sermon. Elder S. K. Hallam was the first pastor, J. H. Seaton, the second. The first elders were Larkin Osborn and William Smith; deacon, Silas Woodside. The congregation, which had run down considerably, was reorganized, January 27, 1876, with seven members, and at present, is in good running order, with a fair member ship. NEW BRADFORD CHRISTIAN CHURCH, WALNUT GROVE TOWNSHIP. 9 The church edifice stands on the north west corner of section 7, and was erected in 1876, at a cost of $2,500. The size is 32x66 feet. It is one of the neatest country churches in the county, and an honor to any community. The society was orga nized by Elder J. H. Breeden, with 14 members, in November, 1871. John Huston and J. H. Painter have also acted as pastors since the organization, and have done excellent work in this com munity and congregation. TRINITY EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH, MACOMB. The Evangelical Lutherans date their organization from October 31, 1517, when Luther nailed 96 theses (or protests) against the church door of Wittenberg, which he proposed to defend; they being directed against the papal abuses. In 1530 the adherents of Luther, in defense of their faith, laid before the Diet at Augsburg a summary of their doctrines, which has been known as the "Augsburg Confession," and which has formed the foundation for all Protestant confessions. These adherents to, and defenders of, the pure bible doctrine wished to be known simply as Evangelical Christians, but they were constantly called Lutherans in derision; and since Luther restored the gospel to the people, they finally ac cepted the name as an honor, and joined it to their " Evangelical " designation. Doctrinally, the Evangelical Lutheran church glories in being "the church of the world," maintaining the duty of sim ple faith in the word of God without re gard to human philosophy or logic. She insists on the careful indoctrination of her young people in Luther's catechism, a summary of bible doctrines through her pastors. In theological literature the Lutheran church stands pre-emi nently front in the ranks. Her researches are acknowledged as the most profound, and many of her writers are the indispensable aids of ev ery christian scholar. Her progress in this country was much retarded on ac count of the less demonstrative character of her people when compared with the puritanic element coming from England, and also by the transition from the vari- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 481 ous foreign tongues to the English lan guage. For the last 35 years, however, she has increased at a much greater ratio than any other Evangelical denomina tion. In this county the first organiza tion was effected April 7, 1871, by the Eev. G. H. Schnurr, who located at Bushell at that time. This organization took place at the Jerusalem chapel, three miles northwest of Bardolph, and was known as the Mount Pisgah congrega tion. In the space of a few years sev eral families having removed from the neighborhood of Jerusalem chapel to the vicinity of Macomb, the question of transfer of the congregation to Macomb was agitated. The proper arrangements having been made, a meeting for that purpose took place at the Cumberland Presbyterian church in Macomb, January 11, 1875, where the congregation re-or ganized under the name and title of Trin ity Evangelical Lutheran church. At the time of this re-institution and establishment of Trinity church a con stitution was adopted according to the usage of the church: Charles Kline, C. H. Eahe, Matilda Eahe, Charles Filbert, Charles Eost, Christian Senn, Elizabeth Senn, ,H. W. Ferster, Lydia Filbert, Carrie Clarke, Helen A. Swana, A. P. Swana, Andrew Haynes, D. M. Crabb, Helen Crabb, Heinrich Hadem, Mrs. H. Hadem, David McNelly, Cal. McNelly, Daniel E. Ferster, Lydia Ferster, Albert Hosier, Susan Hosier. The congregation purchased the old Congregational church edifice and re paired it, at a total cost of about $1,000, and dedicated it anew as a place of divine worship. The church was under the ministry of Eev. G. H. Schnurr until April, 1879, Avhen the pulpit became va cant, and so remained until July 16 of the same year, when Eev. Williain Eosen- stingel assumed the pastorate. He con tinued at this post until February 15, 1880, when he was succeeded by Eev. S. E. Smith. In April, 1882, it became pastorless, and remained so until the fol lowing November, on the 12tli of which month the Eev. Professor E. F. Barthol omew, of Carthage, assumed charge, and served one year. When his time had expired the church extended a call to Eev. A. E. Height, of Fairview, Fulton county. He accepted it, and is serving as pastor at the present writing (1885). LUTHEEAN CHUECH, CHALMEES TOWNSHIP. The building used by this denomina tion is situated on the southwest quarter of section 14, and was completed in July, 1872, by the Lutheran and Methodist societies, of this toAvnship, who erected and own it jointly. The size of the building is 28x40 feet ahd was completed at a cost of $1,600. The Lutheran soci ety was organized in July, 1872, by Eev. George H. Schnurr. The original mem bers of the organization were William F. Steckel, August Plassmann, Wil liam Fry, George Krause, Peter Ehr- dard, Joseph Pemrose. Eev. George Schnurr was the minister in charge until 1878, when he was succeeded by Eev. Samuel Smith,, until 1881. Then came Eev. E. F. Bartholemew, who remained one year, since which time Eev. E. K. Height, the present pastor, has had charge. The present membership of the church numbers about 36. It was mainly through the efforts of George F. Steckel and Eev. George Schnurr, that 482 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. the organization of the church was af fected, and to these gentlemen rightly belong great credit for their untiring labor in placing the church upon its present flourishing and successful foun dation. CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, MACOMB. The Congregational church, of Ma comb, was organized in 1868, with the following original members : — Hector McLean and wife, Harvey Chase, J. P; McCandless and wife, James L. Ander son and wife, Lorenzo Clisby and wife, Z. T. Trull, Mrs. Mary Bartleson, Thomas Gilmore and wife, Mary Smith, John McLean and wife, Isabella Mc Lean, Eeid and family, and Mrs. S. Beardsley. From 1863 to 1867 no reg ular pastor was employed, and no relig ious advancement was made. In 1867 the Eev. G. L. Granger was called as pastor, and spent two years, when the Eev. Lemuel Jones was called to the pastorate. Eev. Z. K. Hawley was the first pastor. In 1872 and 1873, the con gregation erected a neat church edifice on Carroll street, east of Eandolph street, at a cost of $6,500. After Lem uel Jones, the following served as pas tors: Ira Norris, A. E. Dodd, H. M. Burr, and H. M. Perkins. In Novem ber, 1883, the society, which consisted of about 70 members, united for one year with the Baptist church. There has been no pastor of the church since that time and about a year since, the building was leased to the Episcopal society for a term of three years. No services are held at -present, although the society has not disbanded, but still sustain their officers. The first officers of the church were Hector McLean, James L. Anderson and Lorenzo Clisby, deacons ; Lorenzo Clisby, clerk. CONGEEGATIONAL CHUECH, PEAIEIE CITY. The First Congregational church, of Prairie City, was organized at Virgil, Fulton county, October 1, 1842. The Eev. Levi Spencer, who was laboring at Canton, had held a series of meetings at this place, and his conversions formed a nucleus out of which this congrega tion was organized, and consisted of the following 11 members: Ezra D. Smith, Cynthia Smith, A. G. Andrews, Freder ick E. Andrews, George S. Smith, Al mon Tainter, Levi Curtis, Nancy Smith, Sarah Schofield, Laura Gorham and Chloe Andrews. This church was de pendant on the Home Missionary soci ety until November 15, 1845; then for ten years it received aid from the Knox presbytery. After that, and until 1868, aid eame from the Home Missionary society. The church was removed to Prairie City, October 9, 1858, and those called to labor with the church since as pastors, were Eevs. Samuel Dilley, B. F. Worrell. A. Y. Drake, L. Jones, and H. B. Swift. Initiatory steps were taken October 5, 1860, toward erecting a house of Avorship. The building was com pleted and dedicated September 27, 1865. It is a good, substantial frame building, costing $3,000. The present member ship is about 35. UNIVERSALIST CHURCH, MACOMB. This denomination has never made any special effort to evangelize in this county, and therefore do not number HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 483 very largely, having only one congrega tion, which is located at Macomb. The first sermon ever preached in Macomb was delivered by the Eev. Gardner, in 1846. In 1853 a congregation was .or ganized by Eev. I. M. Westfall. The following named persons were among the original members: E; M. Bonham, J. W. Westfall, J. M. Martin, John S. Smith, Orsamus Walker, J. L. N. Hall, WUUam D. Penrose, F. L. Westfall, D. D. EoU, Green C. Lane, H. H. Burr, John Q. Lane, John L. Henton, and J. H. Baker. Services were held in the court house until 1855, when the present church structure was erected. It is lo cated on east Jackson street, near the square, and is a good frame building. It is 35x50 feet in size and cost including the lot, about $4,000. Those that have served as pastors for this congregation are: Eevs. I. M. WestfaU, Gregg, T. J. Carney, Wm. Livingston, John Hughes, S. S. Hebbard, T. H. Tabor, D. E. Bid- dlecome, Chas. P. West, B. N. WUes, J. B. Gilman, Arthur Beavis, Edgar Leavitt. They have had no regular pastor since October, 1884, when Edgar Leavitt quit. The first officers of the society were E. M. Bonham, J. L. N. Hall, and WUliam D. Penrose, trustees; J. W. Westfall, clerk. The membership at present num bers about 50, with the following officers: Thomas Farley, C. I. Imes, G. W. Pace, trustees; I. M. Martin, clerk. UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST is the title of the church which, in the latter part of the last century, grew out of the religious awakening of Philip WiUiam Otterbein and a number of his friends. Philip William Otterbein, the leader of this movement, was a distin guished divine and missionary of the German Eeformed church, who was sent by the synod of Holland, in 1752, from Dillenburg, Germany, to America. As a young man he preached with great power and learning. It was not, how ever, till after his settlement at Lancas ter, Pennsylvania, his first charge in America, that Otterbein, after much prayer, realized that God had poured upon him the spirit of grace and power. He began to urge the necessity of a new birth and of experimental godliness. Eev. Martin Boehm, a zealous Men- nonite, having himself experienced a similar change of heart, was engaged in a different field in the same work. At a "great meeting" held about 1766, in Isaac Long's barn, in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, both these ministers, with many others, were present. At the close of a very earnest sermon by Mr. Boehm, Mr. Otterbein arose and embraced the preacher, crying, "We are brethren!" These words suggested, a number of years later, the name for the new denom ination which finally sprung from this meeting. For the purpose of of uniting and establishing the believers inthe new life a conference of the ministers was held in 1789, at Baltimore. In 1800, the societies interested in the movement united and formed the "United Brethren in Christ," with Mr Otterbein and Mr. Boehm as bishops. The first general conference met June 6, 1815, near Mt. Pleasant, Pennsylva nia. Fourteen ministers were present, from four states. The confession of faith was adopted and a book of disci pline. In 1845 there were about 500 484 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. ministers and 36,000 members. The church has an extensive publishing house at Dayton, Ohio, and is actively engaged in the educational and mission Avork. In 1884 there were 13,036 itiner ants, with 166,000 members, contribut ing about a million of dollars for church work. The church is not an off-shoot from any denomination, its founders having held in view the accomplishment of a special mission. It did not arise from differences in doctrine, for it presents no new doctrines of any kind. Its beliefs are those of other evangelical churches, and its theology is Arminian. It enjoins the ordinances presented by the scriptures and followed by the christian churches in general. Its found ers united to emphasize the need of con secration of soul to God, and this has been its spirit. In its administration it is distinguished as a body in which the power is almost equally divided between the ministry and the people. All officers hold their place by consent of the mem bers, expressed by vote, either directly or by representatives. The people choose the local church officers, who form the official board, in many conferences, a lay delegate to the annual conference, and the delegates to each general con- ferance. The annual conference chooses its presiding elders and its other officers. The general conference elects all the officers and boards of the church. But one order of ministers is recognized — that of elder. Bishops and presiding elders are chosen from among the elders simply as superintendants. In supply ing the congregations with ministers, the "itinerant system " is the adopted method. All pastors are subject to set tlement and change as determined by the committee chosen by each annual con ference. A minister may not remain upon a charge more than three years without consent of two-thirds of the annual conference. In form of worship, the church seeks directness and simplicity. She has no liturgy and does not enforce uniformity in service, each congregation deciding the method for itself. The meetings of the church include the regular Sabbath preaching of God's word, the weekly prayer and class meetings and the Sun day school, with such others as each congregation may determine. Four times during the year the quarterly meeting of each charge is held by the presiding elder, at which time the gen-- eral business of the charge is trans acted, the communion service usually being held upon the Sabbath. A natural result of the principles which led to the formation of the church, has been to require of its members devotion to Christ, simplicity of faith, purity of life, and uprightness of con duct. Upon all questions of morality, the position of the church has always been decided. No compromise with evil has been suggested. The law of the church forbids the sale or use of intoxi cating liquors by its members; and the renting of property to liquor dealers, or signing a petition favoring them, is con sidered immoral. The members are " always found active in every movement for the groAvth of temperance. Against the use of tobacco the sentiment is strong. Many conferences refuse to admit to the ministry those who use it HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 485 in any way. Slavery was always thought to be a sin, and in 1821, was entirely forbidden, the holding of slaves being made a misdemeanor. This position has never been changed. Many mem bers in former days suffered severely in defense of this principle. The church has always held that secret societies are evil in their nature and tendency; that union with them is inconsistent with christian life. Its laws, therefore, for bid its members to hold connection with such societies, and provide stringent rules for the violation of these pro visions. The authority of the civil government is recognized, and the members are en joined to obey its laws; and while dis approving warfare, the church acknowl edges the obligation of every citizen to protect and preserve the government in time of treason and invasion. On the questions of the observance of the Sabbath, of divorce, of the true rights of man, the position of the church is undoubted. Its principles and its practice can not fail to lead to high christian life. GOOD HOPE CIRCUIT. This charge consists of four churches, all in the northern part of McDonough county, viz: Center, Jerusalem, WUlow Grove and Pleasant Gale. CENTER U. B. CHURCH. In 1863, the Illinois conference estab- liahed Deer Park mission, in the north east part of this county, afterwards called Good Hope circuit, and appointed Eev. J. Slutts in charge. Mr. Slutts established an appointment at Center school house,and held a meeting of some interest, and organized Center class. Some of the first members were Henry Eadenbaugh, Mrs. Margaret Eaden- baugh, L. Laney, Moses and Mrs. Halt. In 1867 the place of meeting was changed to Linn Grove school house, two miles east. After a varied experi ence bf some years, in 1875 they returned to Center school house, Wm. P. Pease being pastor. A meeting held by Mr. Pease resulted in awakening considerable religious interest, and in the conversion . and accession of a number of persons, when the church was reorganized with the foUoAving members: John Snook, Thomas Brooks, Henry Eadenbaugh, Andrew J. Hyde, George B. Hastings, Edith Snook, Sarah Brooks, Elias E. Smith, Cyntha Arbogast, Mary M. Has tings, Eichard H. Paugh, Edwin M. Smith, Belle Smith, Eva Smith, John Snapp, Barbara C. Snapp, David Hyde, Eliza Hyde, James C. Booth, Sarah Booth, George W. Hudson, Eebecca Hudson, Simon Eutledge, Mercy, Eut ledge, E. G. Carter, Mattie Carter, Matthew M. Boden, Francis Boden, Jacob Van Doren, Margaret Van Doren, Catharine Van Doren, Henry Eaden baugh, Joseph Arthur,Elizabeth Arthur, Henry Hudson and J. W. Buckley. Feeling the need of a suitable and permanent place of worship, measures were taken to build a house. In 1876, H. Eadenbaugh, George B. Hastings, Quintus Walker, Simeon Eutledge and T. J. Brooks were elected a board of trustees. A subscription was circulated. The more liberal doners were T. J. Brooks, Peter Eutledge, M. Boden and George Hastings. The trustees procured 486 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. a lot from George Hastings, on the southeast corner of section 14, in the geographical center of Walnut Grove toAvnship, and proceeded to erect a house 36x44 feet, at a cost of .about $2,000, which Avas dedicated in December of the same year, Eev. W. J. Hott, of Dayton, Ohio, officiating. The present officers are as foUoAvs: J. P. Paul, leader; T. J. Brooks, steward; T. J. Brooks, superin tendent of Sunday school; George B. Hasting,Ahaz Bryan, J. P. Paul, George Wetsel, T. J. Brooks, trustees. PLEASANT GALE U. B. CHUECH. In 1868, Eev. J. Dunham, of Blandins ville, at the request of some friends, held a series of meetings at Pleasant Gale school house, which resulted in the or ganization of Pleasant Gale church. Some of the first members were: Sam uel Eush, Mrs. E. Eush, M. Elwell, Mrs. Elwell, Eunice Purkey. Mr. Elwell was elected leader, and Samuel Eush steward. In 1872, A. Worman, pastor, con ducted a series of meetings which re sulted in a number of conversions, and acceptions and in awakening a desire for a more suitable place of worship. C. Aten, Samuel Eush, and William Aten, were appointed a board of trustees, and in the following year a subscription was circulated. The more liberal donors were Wm. Aten, S. Bush, B. K. Purkey, C. Aten, Thomas Killough. A lot was procured from Thomas Killough, on the northeast corner of section 8, Sciota township, upon which a house 30x40, with a neat belfry was built, at a cost of about $2,100. This was dedicated in December of the same year, Eev. J. Wagner being pastor. Mr. Wagner's pastorate resulted in strengthening the church. Within the past few years quite a number have removed to the west. The society though somewhat re duced in numbers, is active, healthy and hopeful. Pleasant Gale is four miles nortii of the village of Sciota. The pres ent officers are the following: Ahaz Bryan, leader, John Eush, steward, Jos eph Briiier, superintendent of the Sun day school. The trustees are: William Aten, Ahaz Bryan, Joseph Briner. WILLOW GEOVE U. B. CHUECH. The first religious services, under the auspices of the United Brethren church, were held by Eev. J. H. Snyder, of Blandinsville circuit, in 1867, at the Good Templars' hall. In 1870, this ap pointment was added to Good Hope cir cuit, Eev. N. A. Walker, preacher in charge. During this year a society was formed. Some of the first members were, Alfred BroAvn, Sarah Brown, Wm. Watts and family, A. M. Hainline, T. A. Hainline. Alfred Brown was elected leader, and Wm. Watts, steward. A union Sunday school was conducted at this place for a number of years prior to this. In 1872, A. Worman, preacher in charge, conducted a meeting which re sulted in some conversions and acces sions. Feeling the need of a house of worship, Alfred Brown, William Watts, John Isom, A. Hainline, and Quincy Hainline, was elected a board of trustees. A lot was procured from Alfred Brown, in the center of section 1, Hire town ship, upon which a house 30x40 was erected at an expense of about $1,800, HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 487 and was dedicated October 8, 1873, Bishop D. Edwards officiating. The present officers are the following: Al fred Brown, leader, Q. Hainline, steward. JEEUSALEM U. B. GHUECH. In 1865, Eev. J. L. Condon, of PUot Grove circuit, held the first religious ser vices ,under the United Brethren aus pices, in this community, at the Collins school house. In 1866, this appointment was added to Deer Park mission, and Eev. N. A. Walker placed in charge. In the early part of the year Mr. Walker conducted a series of meetings of consid erable religious interest and organized a society, consisting of the f oUoAring eight members: Abraham Switzer, John Dob bins and vrife, Wm. Earley and wife, Polly Spangler, Alice Wilson and An gelic Markham. Abraham Switzer was elected leader, and John Dobbins, stew ard. The following year, Eev. D. J. B. Eoss, pastor, was one of religious inter est, a number being added to the church. As the place of meeting seemed straight ened, A. Switzer, J. B. Conley, E. Span gler, J. C. Dobbins and Wm. Early were elected a board of trustees to build a house. A lot was procured from Nicho las Combs, on section 11, Macomb town ship, and through the liberality of A. Switzer, E. Spangler, J. B., Conley, A. L. Bryan, Levi Shriner and others, a house 28x36 was erected upon it, and dedicated December 22, 1867, Eev D. J. B. Eoss officiating. The house was refitted in 1876, princi pally through the liberality of A. L. Bryan. This church is located in the midst of an intelligent and enterprising people. A number of interesting meet ings have been held here, notably one conducted by Eev. J. Wagner, in 1874. The present officers are: George Wet sel, leader; John Swisher, steward; Geo. Wetsel, superintendent of the Sunday school, and A. L. Bryan, E. Wetsel, Geo. Wetsel, trustees. Under the itinerant system', pastors are frequently changed. Since the organization of the work, the following ministers havebeen in charge: Eevs. J. Slutts, S. Austin, J. Deardorf, J. L. Condon, J. Dunham, N. A. Walker, J. Wagner, W. P. Pease, I. Valentine, D. C. Martin, J. B. King, M. Douglass and A. Worman, the present incumbent of the pastoral charge. UNITED BEETHEEN CHUECH, OF BLANDINS VILLE. [By Eev. J. Dunham.] This article being written entirely from a memory extending back over a space of 30 years, and relying mainly on gen eral information for facts previous to that, are necessarily brief and imperfect, and the writer craves pardon for any omissions or errors that may creep in. The traditions of this church state that in or about the year 1846, Eevs. Daniel Porter, Josiah Terrell and others com menced preaching in Blandinsville, and formed a small society, consisting of Francis, John and Wesley Freeland, and their wives. William Blandin and others united with the congregation shortly af terwards. This little band continued to hold services and thrive, having a con siderable religious influence. In 1852, the Illinois annual conference deter mined to build an institution of learning at this place, and, in furtherance of the scheme, appointed five trustees for the 488 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. putpose. In that and the ensuing year, they erected a house in the village and gave it the name of the Blandinville seminary. In 1855 a school was opened with a faculty composed of Professor Keller, of Indiana, president, and J. C. Eoss, professor of mathematics. This helped to strengthen the infant society, and when in 1854 the annual conference convened at this place it had a good in fluence on the status of the church of Blandinsville. At this conference it was determined to place at this station or mission, the Eev. J. Dunham, and un der his ministry the congregation throve and grew until it numbered 100 mem bers. The congregation Avorshipped in the chapel of the seminary until 1868, when the serpinary buUding passed into the hands of the township officers, and has been used for public educational purposes ever since. The congregation, thus deprived of a house of worship, im mediately set about the erection of a proper church building, and soon it was completed and dedicated to the serviceof the Almighty God. The number of mem bers increased under the different pas tors that from time to time supplied its pulpit, until death, the spirit of emigra tion, and other causes, commenced to weaken the ranks of this company of the christian army. The church, owing to its discipline prohibiting the reception of individuals who are members of any se cret society, has become quite small, but still keeps up its organization. Eev. J. Dunham is the present pastor, and Eev. O. F. Smith, the presiding elder. Eev. Joshua Dunham, pastor of the United Brethren church in Blandins ville, is a native of Ohio, having been born in Harrison county, September 16, 1820. His parents were William and Mary (Chanly) Dunham, both of whom are deceased. Joshua is the youngest of a family of 11 children, only three of whom are now living. His father was a farmer and Joshua remained at home and attended school until he was 14 years of age, when he went to learn the tailor's trade, and continued in this oc cupation until he was 23 years of age, when he emigrated to Illinois and set tled in Pike county, near Pittsfleld, and worked at his trade in connection with farming. In April, 1846, he was licensed to preach, and in 1847 he joined the an nual conference; in 1852 was ordained. In 1854 he sold his possessions in Pike county and moved to Blandinsville, and bought some town property and entered the field as an itinerant minister of the gospel, which profession he has contin ued to follow to the present time. He has always enjoyed a large share of the confidence and esteem of his church, and has been honored with many trusts. He has been presiding elder at different times,' agent of the Blandinsville semi nary, and has been elected three times to general conference, appointed to cir cuits and districts which have necessi tated much travel in his ministerial la bor all over the Military Tract as well as central and eastern portion of the state of Illinois. In the fall of 1858, he again bought a farm in Pike county, and moved back, where he remained until the spring of 1863, when he was travel ing as presiding elder east of the Illinois river. Sold his farm in Pike county, Illinois, and moved to Blandinsville. In the fall of 1864, his health failing, HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 489 he discontinued preaching and engaged in merchandising in the village of Blan dinsville, which he continued for two years. During this time he was elected police magistrate and served four years. Before his term as magistrate expired, he resumed preaching on Blandinsville circuit, and was again elected presiding elder. In 1872 he went to southwest Kansas and entered the cattle trade, thinking to improve his health. Upon his return he was again elected presid ing elder, but was in poor health. In 1884, he was again called to the Blan dinsville circuit, and, although in fail ing health continues his good and noble work. UNITED BEETHEEN CHUECH, OF HIEE TOWNSHIP. This society erected a fine church edi fice, 26x36 feet in ground area, on the northwest corner of the southeast quar ter of section 15, during the summer of 1867. The building, when completed, cost about $1,400. Israel Null, with his characteristic generosity, donated 10 acres for a church lot. Isaac Null, and family, were among the first members of the organization. The church was quite thriving and prosperous, and at one time had a membership of about 70, although at present the membership numbers only about 20, — some sleeping the sleep that knows no wakening, while others have gone to the land of the setting sun. The first pastor of the church was John Wyatt, who presided over the little flock for a year. The church has had a number of pastors since, but is without an ex pounder of biblical doctrine at present. A Sabbath school has been conducted during the summer months, since the erection of the church- buUding, in which considerable interest has been manifested, and generaUy has a good attendance. Israel Null was the pioneer superintendent of the school. UNITED BEETHEEN CHUECH, OF SCOTLAND TOWNSHIP. This society Avas organized in 1860, in a school house, which formerly stood near the present site of the church, on section 13, Scotland township. Eev. John Wyatt was the organizer. The first members were, Solomon Walker and wife, James M. Eexroat and. wife, Mrs. M. Eexroat, Martha Isaacs, Jane Bear, and Steven Toleii, Meetings were held in the school house mentioned for some time, Eev. John Wyatt serving as pastor for two years. The church edi fice was erected in the spring of 1881, at a cost of $1,800. It is 36x44 feet in ground area. The present pastor is Eev. E. 0. Norvel, who resides at Adair, Illi nois.PILOT GEOVE UNITED BEETHEEN GHUECH, OF NEW SALEM TOWNSHIP. The building used by this society was erected in 1868, on the northwest corner of section 11. It is 34x46 feet in dimen sions, and cost $1,000. The dedication sermon was preached by Eev. Davis. The first trustees were C. P. McDonald, William Nebergall, and WiUiam Eitter. William G. Wilkins and James Wil son were added to this list in 1883. The present pastor is Eev. E. O. Norvel. BUSHNELL REFORMED CHURCH. This church was organized, October 19, 1856, by a committee, consisting of 29 490 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Eev. A. Wilson and S. B. Ayers. The original members were Frederick Cruser, Thoraas Plotts and wife, Aaron Sper ling, and D. M. Wyckoff. The church edifice was erected in 1860 or '61, and dedicated May 1, 1861. It is a good frame building, and is on the corner of Church and Crafford streets. It is val ued at $5,000, and the parsonage at $1,600. The first meetings of the society were held in a school house, and after ward in a carpenter shop, which was purchased and fitted up as a ehapel. The present resident membership is 104 The first consistory was composed of Elders John Wyckoff, Thomas Plotts, and Frederick K. Cruser; Deacons D. M. Wyckoff, and Aaron Sperling. The church has lately been newly papered, painted, etc., and is now oneof the neat est in the place. It also sustains one of the best choirs in the county. ST. THOMAS EPISCOPAL GHUECH, BUSHNELL. This congregation was organized on the 27th of April, 1883, by Eev John W. Elliott, with the following members : Charles A. Dickinson,Mrs. G. J. Spooks, and Mrs. W. Z. Boyington. After about three months' service, Eev. Elliott, the rector, left, and was succeeded by Eev. J. M. D. Davidson, the present incum bent. There are now some 40 commun icants in the church, and it is a very popular one, and is growing as rapidly as a healthy growth will permit. The officers of the society are the following mentioned gentlemen: Eector, J. M.D. Davidson; T. J. Sparks, senior warden; J. W. Z. Boyington, junior warden and secretary; C. A.Dickinson, treasurer; J. C. Young, J. C. McGowan, C. A. Dick inson, M. Cassidy, S. T. Henry, and C. T. Gram, vestrymen. They occupy, for a place of Avorship, what was formerly known as Union hall, which they have fitted up in an elegant manner. CATHOLIC CHUECH, MC DONOUGH COUNTY. [By Rev. Father John Larraer, Montello, Marquette county, Wisconsin.] The history of the Catholic church in McDonough county is inseparable from from its social and political history, as will appear further on in these pages. As early as 1832, Catholic settlers immi grated into McDonough county — some from Maryland, others from Kentucky, and a few from Ireland, almost direct. Among the earliest settlers was the Mc Kay family, from Baltimore; the pa rents, however, were born in Ireland. This family located in the northern portion of the county, and their hum ble home became the regular place where the Catholic priests period ically held divine services. In the west ern portion of the county, Joseph Eeilly and others settled, they coming from Kentucky. Joseph Eeilly proba bly came in 1833, and at his home and Mr. John Hardesty' s. Catholic priests from Missouri, for years, ministered to the spiritual wants of the Catholics in their neighborhoods. In the southeast portion of the county, a family by the name of Carlin settled not far from Table Grove; this family was subsequently , joined by other brothers and relations; these Carlins originally came from Ire land. Nauvoo, on the Mississippi river, was the residence of the priests who at- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 491 tended the Catholics in the northern, middle and southern portions of McDon ough county. The Catholics, as above stated, of the western portion, Avere at tended principally by priests from Mis souri. It probably will surprise the present generation of young Catholics, and others, that the uoav second city in Illinois, Peoria, less than 40 years ago was of so little importance that it re ceived just the same spiritual attendance from the priests stationed at Nauvoo, in its turn, that the few Catholics received at the home of John McKay, in the northern portion of McDonough county. The writer had this fact from the Eev. Thomas Kennedy, who was one of the first resident pastors of Nauvoo. He stated it was his custom to start on horse back from Nauvoo monthly; visit the Catholic settlers in the territory, includ ing Hancock and Henderson counties, and reach McKay's, in McDonough county, say mass, rest, and change his horses, then proceed to St. Augustine, Fulton county, hold Catholic services there, then, with occasional stops, go to Peoria, do the same, and return by the end of the month to Nauvoo. This was the usual routine for years, of other priests, until the development of the country made other arrangements neces sary, by placing resident pastors at Peoria and elsewhere. The citizens as well as the Catholics, need not blush, but maybe proud of the Catholic priests who early ministered spiritually in Mc Donough county; some of them were distinguished for learning and piety, and, to a man, were zealous for the spread of the gospel, and by their presence and counsel, quietly given without fee or re ward, assisted in the development and material prosperity, not only of McDon ough, but neighboring counties. Some of them, as will be seen further on, be came distinguished, and will live in the history of Missouri, Illinois, principally the great city of Chicago, and the state of Michigan. First Missionaries, or Early Priests. As I am limited in space in this chap ter, I will partly dispense with dates, for to be accurate to a month or year, in some instances, Avould require much more research, probably without re sult, than the writer can spare time. But this will not impair the accuracy of any statement set down in this work. The writer was well acquainted with nearly all the priests set down here, and had what he Avrites from their own lips, indeed. Some of the priests were dear friends; such friendship, strange as it may seem, arises between the old and the young. The first priest who minis tered in McDonough county since its settlement, in this century, whom there is any tradition or record of, was Eev. Peter Paul LeFevere. There is certain evidence that he officiated in McDon ough county, on his way to the church of St. Augustine, in Fulton county, in 1834. Father LeFevere's residence was in Missouri. There is, however, no doubt but that earlier than that year he visited the scattered Catholics in Mc Donough and neighboring counties. This priest was a very distinguished man, humble and learned. He was con secrated Catholic bishop of the state of Michigan, November 21, 1841, and died Marchi 1869. 492 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. The next was Eev. John George AUe- man. Father AUeman is still remem bered by the oldest settlers. He was a most learned and pious, but funny man. Although a Frenchman, the writer never met an Irishman who could excel him in wit and practical good humor. He loved the writer as a son, and the mis sionary spirit he infused into him in early years by example and instruction braced him up against every impedi ment to develop the good work he and others began. Father AUeman's resi dence was at Fort Madisori, Iowa, and his labors in McDonough and neighbor ing counties covered the time the Mor mons were in Nauvoo. Strange to re late, Joseph Smith and the leading Mor mons, at all times professed the greatest respect and friendship for the big French priest, as they called him. Father AUeman once related to the writer that he had no means of getting across the Mississippi river to attend a sick Catho lic in McDonough county, but the Mor mons, haAdng made known to Joseph Smith that the priest wished to cross, the latter not only had him ferried over, but furnished him a conveyance to the sick man. Smith telling Father AUe man that next to the Mormons, the Catholics were the best of all religions. "For," continued Smith, "the priests at tend to their people faithfully and mind their OAvn business, whereas the other preachers are continually bothering the Latter Day Saints." Father AUeman Avittily remarked with thanks, "there was a diversity of opinion on that sub ject." Father AUeman died of apo plexy in the Sisters' hospital in St. Louis, September 10, 1866. After the Mormons left, the French philosophical sect, socialists, Monsieur Cabat being their founder and leader, took possession of Nauvoo. This sect has no affinity to latter day socialism. Cabat' s system consisted in a commu nity of goods and social perfectionism. He and his commijnity were mere theo rists, unpractical in all that concerns daily life; therefore, when an attempt was made to reduce these theories to practice, the community failed hope lessly and broke up; some remaining at Nauvoo, others going to Warsaw, in Hancock county, and a few went to Iowa, and established the village of Arcadia. These circumstances strange as it may appear, brought about the better develop ment of the Catholic church in McDon ough and the neighboring counties. The eyes of the civilized world were on Cabat's system, as he had taught it in colleges in France, and was a writer of marked ability, and Avhen it fell hope lessly through, the members being French and ought to be Catholics, the serious attention of the archbishop of St. Louis, and others were directed to save and reclaim Cabat's deluded, but honest dupes. Eev. John St. Cyr, who had been the first priest who said mass in the city of Chicago, and who built the first church in it. After successful pastoral labors in that city, had been recalled to Missouri; and from Northern Missouri, from time to time, crossed over the Mississippi to Warsaw, in Han cock county, Illinois, and organized a Catholic congregation, bringing back to the Catholic church nearly all of the disbanded socialists he found in that sec^ tion. Father St. Cyr, also, extended for HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 493 a time regularly, his pastoral labors to the western portion of McDonough county. Father St. Cyr will be men tioned again in the chapter on Tennes see congregation. He died at the Sisters' convent, in St. Louis, of which he had been chaplain for years, on February 21, 1882, being over 80 years of age. He was a mild and scholarly man, gentle as a lamb, as the old settlers used to say, and full of zeal for the spread of the gospel of Christ. Sketches, if not a full history of him, have been published by the Historical Society, of Chicago. A house being purchased in Nauvoo, which formerly been a residence and a store of a Mormon, Father Thomas Ken nedy was located there, he using the store for a church and the other portion of the building as a residence. This then was the first attempt on the east side of the Mississippi to locate a perma nent resident priest and give McDonough county, and the county east of it, includ ing Peoria, a permanent pastor, to, at least, visit the principal stations once a month, McKay's in the northern portion of McDonough county being looked on as the center of Father Kennedy's dis trict. Eev. Thomas Kennedy was not what could be called a learned man, yet he was a fine classical scholar and a mathematician of no mean repute, but he was better than a scholar, he was an humble but vigorous servant of Christ. In his zeal in preaching the word of God he would frequently weep, hence the irreverent called him "the crying priest," but he had enough of the Irishman about him, which he was, to correct with a heavy hand, and even his boot, those who dared insult the priesthood in his person. After nearly 30 years arduous labor in the ministry in Illinois, he died in Hyde Park, Cook county, lUinois, in 1873. Eev. Father Griffin probably succeed ed Eev. Thomas Kennedy. Little of his history is known to the writer. He was carried off in the prime of life, a martyr to his Master's cause, he wishing to give double service at distant points, caught malarial fever, on Christmas day and died suddenly. Certain it is he was a faithful clergyman and beloved by his people, as they had, we think, a praise worthy rivalry which congregation would have the honor of his body in their midst. Nauvoo people wanted and did bury him there, but the members of St. Augustine's congregation and others from McDonough county went, and by force, disinterred his body, and brought it to St. Augustine, Fulton county, and there his remains lie buried. The building of the Chicago, Burling ton & Quincy railroad forced a change on the ecclesiastical authorities as to the manner of attending the spiritual wants of the Catholics in McDonough county. In the preceding lines it was a pleas ure to the writer to give the facts stated and preserve from oblivion the labors of worthy pioneer clergymen who suffered untold hardships in those early days for Christ's sake. Some things will now be related with great reluctance, but if the history of a locality is worth writing it should be done well and frankly or not at all. To omit facts whieh had a direct bearing on the future would be to give an egg shell without the meat. A his torian is not a respecter of persons, their feelings or their prejudices, but a narra- 494 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. tive of facts for the information and in struction of posterity. Before the building of railroads through McDonough county the Catho lics, nearly to a man, were farmers, who, with their families, as a rule squared their lives with the maxims of the gos pel. The priests had only to instruct, exhort, aud rarely correct, for evil doers were few, consequently between the priests and the farmers, making up their religious assemblies, an affection existed between them which conferred happi ness on the people, and had the most consoling and beneficial effect on the priests. With the advent of railroads some farmers, it is true, came,* but an other and not desirable class, either as citizens or church members, spread them selves over the incipient towns growing up on such railroads. The Catholic church, being the mother of all her chil di'en, never neglects recalling the erring, if they give her half a chance, therefore to look after this class the bishop of Chi cago, who had at that period the super vision of the Catholic church of all Illi nois, located a pastor at Galesburg, with McDonough county within his pastoral jurisdiction. Eev. Fra. Fitnam was, probably, the first appointed priest under the change. Father Fitnam attended the Catholics in Macomb and its vicinity in halls or private houses. With this clergyman came the first trouble and sor row to the Catholics. The writer will now clear up the circumstances of his case, really known to the community for the first time, as Fra. Fitnam kept his own counsel first and last. Everybody seemed to know all about his case, yet no one of the people really knew what they were talking about. Father Fitnam had simply a misunderstanding with Anthony O'Eegan, then bishop of Chicago, about some business transactions of Fitnam's beyond the church. Fitnam claimed the bishop had no business to meddle in his private business transactions, and Bishop O'Eegan, instanter, branded him as "contumacious," and removed him from the active ministry. This, then, was all there was in this scandal. Subsequent events had nothing to do with the matter further than making the breach wider. Father Fitnam had hopes of the bishop relenting, but he then did not know the manner of man the bishop was. He at tended mass, kneeling at the door, the last, as it were, of his people, when his successor was officiating, and he only stopped going to church when the rude ness and babbling of his former mem bers became unbearable. The Avriter has this fact from a trustworthy and in telligent witness. Such is the world. The JcAvs spread their garments and palm branches in the way for Jesus, cry ing hosannas, and three days afterwards changed their tune, and shouted " Cru cify him," " The disciples cannot expect better treatment than the Master." I dwell on this case because to-day, even, it is not forgotten in McDonough and neighboring counties. Bishop O'Ee gan, who remoA'ed Father Fitnam, had been only a few years from an ancient but rural college in Ireland; he had no experience in missionary life; knew little about America, and treated priests as if they were school boys. These things being presented to Cardinal Barnabo and Pius IX., he was called to Eome and received a most terrible castigating HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 495 from the pope, and ordered to resign. The writer had it officially from. Bishop O'Eegan' s successor that if Father Fit nam had presented himself with the proper dispositions he would have been restored. Whether it was the ingrati tude and cruelty of the people, and feel ing, the injustice done him, made him lose the spirit of his priesthood, certain it is, he. drifted, from step to step, further away from the Catholic church, and after a long time became tired of a secular life and retirement, joined the Protestant Episcopal church, and is now in that communion, serving a church in South ern Minnesota. Next came Father O'Neil, the elder, as' he was called. This clergyman did not stay long. He had been a professor in Fordham College, New York, under the famous Archbishop Hughes, therefore roughing it on the prairies, among a rural people, was too much of a change for him, and he was removed to St. Patrick's church, Chicago, where he died. This Father O'Neil had a national reputation as a scholar, and on account of his exten sive erudition and wonderful memory, was nicknamed the "walking library." Father O'Neil, the younger, succeeded the elder priest at Galesburg. He was no relation of his predecessor. He had been educated in Ireland and Canada, and was an innocent and good man. He brought his mother and two sisters to live with him at Galesburg, which, as as subsequent events proved, was a great misfortune to them. They sold their little patrimony in Canada, supposing they would have protection and a per manent home with their brother, the priest. The priest's sisters were very young and thoroughly educated; the writer knows them well; but the average Catholic, then, of a railroad town, being only the dregs of their countrymen and church, soon began to create disturb ance, and could see no merit, only vice, in education and respectability, even in a priest's family. Then, as the hand car of the railroaders was, as the saying is, a free horse, and on the go Sundays, the meddling of such people, who would kiss the priest's hand, and slander him and his nearest relatives when his back was turned, spread their idle tales that his family was getting rich at their expense, etc., over the whole section of the country, impairing Father O'Neil's usefulness. Father O'Neil was a zeal ous missionary priest, and the frequent exposure on the prairies in McDonough and Warren counties, brought on a fit of sickness which impaired his physical strength and mental faculties. He was a very sensative man and not calculated to wrestle with the habits of low char acters which it were necessary to cor rect, and therefore never recovered his mental balance, and, of course, had to be replaced. With Father O'Neil, the pastoral relation of McDonough county terminated with that of Galesburg. His insanity, if it can be called such, con sisted in the belief that he was unworthy to exercise the sacred ministry, and that all drinking of intoxicating liquor, for he was strictly temperate himself, was a sin. Poor O'Neil, were you now in America instead of old Ireland, many would call you a wise man, and your mania, if reduced to practice, would save the country from acrimonious re criminations on the temperance ques- 496 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. tion, and a great deal of expensive leg islation in the northwest. Father O'Neil's mother and sisters, of course, now had no home, beggary and worthlessness always takes pleasure in the sorrows and humiliations of the virtuous and respectable, so in this case; the people turned on them, but Bishop Duggan, of Chicago, to his honor, saw justice done these lone and afflicted females, as far as was in his power. Here is a lesson for afflicted women, in the future in Mc Donough county. These sisters of the priest, who was no longer able to pro tect them, after their first sorrow, did not repine and throw themselves on others. Well educated as they were, genteel, Irish girls, no other course was open for them but service; they went where they were not known and to large toAvns, where people were not afflicted with detestable curiosity, and quietly worked for a living, faithfully attending to their duties as christians, until they settled down in life. The writer being in Ireland during the summer of 1875, met Father O'Neil and was able to ren der him an incalculable service; he is now living on the charity of his poor friends, in his native country, Kilkenny, Ireland, which is a lasting reproach to the Catholic church of Illinois, as the canon law of the church provides for the respectable support of invalid, as well as unfortunate priests. We now come to the history of the church in Macomb, proper. Eev. Philip J. Albrecht was appointed to take charge of Macomb, Warsaw and Oquawka; he finally established his residence at Ma comb, officiating in an old house which was used as a church, it being on prop erty bought from Birch Maury's family. Father Albrecht was on the Macomb district for four years. He was then transferred to a German church in Chi cago, and is now Catholic pastor of a church in Kranzburg, Dakota. In February 2, 1865, Eev. John Lar- mer was transferred from St. Patrick's church, Chicago, to take charge of Ma comb and the missionary districts in the surrounding eight counties, and to or ganize them into regular parishes and build churches, so that pastors could be placed, to reside in them — all of which was done. The people of Macomb were in the hands of unscrupulous politic ians, as the parties were nearly equally divided, a few votes being the balance of power in McDonough county. This gave Eev. John Larmer a great deal of unnecessary trouble, as the politicians looked on the members of his church as political prey. Eeally, this was a last ing injury to Macomb. He repaired and raised the old house and made it a pas toral residence, at an expense of over a $1,000, in the summer of 1865. For this improvement he never received a cent, and the congregation should remember, for this and other indebtedness, St. Paul's epistle to the Thessalonians: " Let no man overreach or circumvent his brother in business, for the Lord is the avenger of all these things." In repairing the old house, as there was a dispute among the old settlers which was the oldest house on the west side, Eev. John Larmer hunted for some evidence, and in taking down the high old-fashioned chimney, he found on the first layer, a limestone three inches thick, and 18 square, with " 0. Jack- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 497 son, February 2, 1832" marked upon it. That date went back farther than any of the disputants opined. In 1867, Eev.- John Larmer built the Catholic church in Macomb, after much trouble and labor. It cost between four and five thousand dollars — material, it is true, was over 60 per cent, dearer than subsequently. The Protestants of Macomb subscribed liberally; but the politicians who had made so many prom ises of what they would do when the Catholics would build their church, with a few exceptions, backed square out. The citizens of Macomb had reas onable hopes that the building of the Catholic church would have an influence to increase its population, and so it would have, had the politicians minded their own business and not considered the Catholics as legitimate prey to help them, too often unworthy, into office. Then there was no encouragement given to strangers, who came to seek locations for manufacturing purposes, by men who held their properties higher than water fronts could be bought in the city of Chicago, and yet these properties were used for calf pastures. Finally the cit izens, although warned that their nor thern trade, which extended to the Mis sissippi river, would be cut off and lost, and a host of little towns grow up if they did not secure the Peoria & War saw railroad to pass through Macomb. Yet they made no real united efforts un til it was too late, therefore the same causes which dwarfed the Catholic church, dwarfed Macomb and took away those reasonable hopes which its advan tages and surrounding fertile country gave a right to expect a greater growth. The Catholics buried their dead west of Macomb, but through negligence had no road to their grave yard, and when they tried to get a road, the men they put in office did as they always had done — only when they asked a ticket to vote — looked on them as unreasonable and left them to help themselves. A lot therefore was bought of Joseph Burton, opposite the city grave yard, and the Catholic dead removed. The history of this purchase is not a creditable one — sufficient it is to say, Eev. John Larmer had to come as usual to the rescue or Mr. Burton would have had to take it back again. The Catholics of Prairie City were attached to St. Augustine, Fulton county, until the church of Avon was built which was done under Eev. John Lar mer' s pastorate. The Catholics of Bushnell from time to time endeavored to get property for a future site of a church, but up to the time Eev. John Larmer terminated his pastorate, had not acquired any — simply because they were few, and none of them had resolved to remain permanently in Bushnell. They were attached, how ever, to the Catholic congregation of Macomb. In regard to the church in Tennessee, to Joseph Eeilly and a few others be longs the honor of having built the first Catholic church in McDonough county, Mr. Bowman donating the lot. The church, however, was merely closed in, and Eev. John Larmer had the lot fenced and the church finished as well as the means and circumstances of the congregation would permit. Tennessee Catholic congregation was made up 498 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. partly out of one of the four divisions Eev. John Larmer made of the Foun tain Green Catholic congregation. There was an excellent set of christians, and consequently good citizens in Tennessse congregation. Joseph Eeilly and wife first of all, the Camerons, Hardestys, and last Patrick McCune and wife, who lived in the town of Tennessee, and others, yet there were some — as the writer learned when in Ireland, — who- received their parish priest's blessing on condition that he would not return. Joseph Eeilly, at the request of Eev. John Larmer, donated the grave yard to the Catholic congregation of Tennes see, and had it fenced in, and Joseph Eeilly himself, was the first buried in it. He was an exemplary christian, humble, frank, and honest to a fault. Eev. John Larmer resigned his pas toral charge February 22, 1872, being seven years on the mission in McDon ough and surrounding counties. His resignation had been tendered several times during three years before it was accepted by Bishop Thomas Foley, ad ministrator of Chicago. Eev. John Lar mer is now pastor of Montello, Wiscon sin; his church and residence are on one of the most picturesque sites in the west. He has built up four churches and or ganized several missions since he left Macomb. The writer has now brought the ec clesiastical history of the Catholic church in McDonough county down to 1872, or the close of Eev. John Larmer' s pastorate — let others continue it — but one thing he is assured of whether he himself or others in future write the his tory of the Catholic church in the great state of Illinois, an honest pride can be indulged in that the priests in McDon ough and surrounding counties were, with one or two exceptions, unusually learned, talented and faithful body of men. All of them could be truly said to have carried the church on their backs, having no organization, except the last, Eev. John Larmer, who reduced the church to order and identified each lo cality with a church, which he caused to be built. Their labors and hardships were unseen, and I have no doubt, like the writer, they would have abandoned raissionary life for the humblest church in a settled district — but one supreme motive loomed up before them — they re alized that they were saving souls, work ing for God and the future welfare of their people and the localities they la bored in. After Father Larmer had finished his work here and had been transferred to Chicago, Eev. Father Thomas Francis Maiigan took charge of the spiritual wel fare of this congregation and remained about two years. He was a man of ex cellent abilities, and a worthy christian gentleman, and beloved by all. He is now in charge at Freeport, Illinois. He was followed by Father D. J. Cogan, who remained one year. The next pas tor was James Tuoliy, a fine man, and a splendid scholar, who was not only loved by the members of his flock, but enjoyed the respect of all in this community. He remained about two years, and made some improvements around the house, and was succeeded by Father Maxmilian AUbright. This gentleman after leav ing here, died in a hospital in Chicago. He was followed by Eev. P. J. McGrath, HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 499 who remained two years and was fol lowed by Eev. Father John Eyan, the present pastor. They have a most ex cellent church, and a large and flourish ing congregation, numbering nearly 600 members. CATHOLIC CHUECH AT TENNESSEE. In 1867, St. Mary's church was erected in the village of Tennessee. It is 25x40 feet in size, and has a seating capacity of 276. Upon the organization of the church it had a membership of 30, and has retained that number to the present time. Since the organization of St. Mary's church, there has been about 12 converts. They hold services once a month. Those who have served the church as priests since the organization, are as follows: Philip Albrecht, five years; John Larmer, 10 years; Father Manning, two years; J. G. Cogan, one year; James Tuohy, two years; John All- bright, two years; P. C. McGrath, one year; John Eyan, four years. The pres ent priest resides at Macomb. Eev. John Eyan, present pastor of the Catholic church at Macomb, Illinois, is a native of Ireland, and was born in the parish of Murroe,county Limerick, early in this century. He made his ecclesias tical studies principally in All Hallows college,Dublin, Ireland, which were sup plemented, subsequently, by one year's study at the Diocesan seminary, Vin cennes, Indiana, where, in due course, he was ordained priest, on the 6th day of July, 1846, by Eight Eev. Celestine de la Helandiere, then Bishop of Vin cennes. He served on the same one mis sion, in Northern Indiana for 18 years, when he came to the diocese of Chicago, and for four years was pastor of the Catholic congregation at Canton, Fulton county, Illinois, whence he was trans ferred to the pastorate of Kewanee, Henry county, Illinois, and after serving for 11 years and three months, then he was transferred to his present habitat — Macomb — where he has gained the re spect of all. CHAPTKR XXI. JOUENALISM IN MCDONOUGH COUNTY. The inception of journalism dates from remote ages. The institution now known as the newspaper was ante-dated nearly a 1,000 years by manuscript publications, in which the accounts of public occur rences and familiar gossip was made known to the citizens of imperial Eome seated upon her seven hills. These sheets were known by the name of "Acta Diurna;" but their issues were at all 500 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. times irregular, and in times of scarcity of news totally suspended, the editor either engaging in some other calling or indulging in the sports of the day. But little progress seems to have been made for many years in this branch of business until the early part of the 17th century. Frankfort-on-the Main claims to have produced within her walls the father of modern newspapers. She claims that Egenolf Emmel, a book dealer and book printer of Frankfort, in the period of that city's greatest literary prosperity, was the first in Europe to issue a news paper at regular intervals in the shape in which we see them to-day. This honor of priority of newspaper production has been considerably contested, but unsuc cessfully. Emmel first published a weekly. Frankfurter Journal, in 1615. The Nurembergers say that Wendelin Borsch published a newspaper in their city as early as 1571; but there is no proof that this was anything more than the fugitive leaves which had then be come pretty common in the great trading centers of Europe; and as the English claim their first regular newspaper to have appeared in 1622 and the French in 1631, to Frankfort must be left the honor of Egenolf Emmel, the father of newspapers. The precursors of German newspapers were the small, printed, flying sheets is sued in the latter half of the 15th centu ry, under the titles Relationen or Nciie Zeitung (AV/c Tidings), Avhich, howcA^er, only made their appearance at irregular intervals, generally to record some event of more than ordinary note. These re ports are said to have existed as early as the middle of the 15th century; the old est mentioned are from the years 1457- 1460; though the oldest copy now pre served in the University Library at Leip sic bears the date of 1494 But these Relations or Tid-ings cannot be looked upon as the germs of the modern press. The beginnings of the German newspa pers are to be traced in the Avritten com mercial correspondence of the middle ages. The editorial bureaus were the counting-rooms of the great mercantile houses, which had their agents transmit information to them from all parts of the world then open to commerce. But as these sheets were almost private, they were of little service to the world at large. As Gutenberg's invention won its way, and the large trading houses entered into communication with each other and with their various govern ments, which had an equal interest in the information contained in the com mercial correspondence, types were in troduced into the trading bureaus, or the written correspondence was placed in the hands of the special writers, and a regular system of printed correspond ence was inaugurated. Venice is usually awarded the honor of first printing this commercial correspondence in the Noti- zie Scriiie, which was at first written and exhibited in certain public places; but Germany was not long in following her example. A collection of 28 volumes of this printed commercial correspondence, from the years 1668 to 1604, was taken with the library of the celebrated Fug- ger family, to the imperial library, at Vienna, in 1606, and is of great histori cal importance, connected, as it is, with HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 501 the Eothschild house of the middle ages. These reports contain, not only commercial intelligence, but political and social news from the districts and countries, which then were attracting the attention of Europe. Many reports are written by eye-witnesses, and official documents relating to incidents de scribed, are frequently transmitted. When important political information is reported, the source from whence it is procured, is generally given. Others, again, contained literary departments corresponding to the feuilleton of the European press of to-day, bringing graphic descriptions, accounts of popu lar festivities, manners and customs; accounts of the discovery of America, of the conquests of the Turks, and local occurrences, such as all sorts of fearful signs in the heavens, wonderful animals, and misbirths; accounts of executions, inundations, earthquakes, burning of witches, and child-murders committed by bigots, together with prophecies and warnings — the editorials of to-day — con nected with passing events. News then came to hand very slowly. An Indian overland post required eleven months to get to Europe, and 40 or 50 days were required for a letter to get from Con stantinople to Vienna. Naturally enough, as the papers gained a more extended circulation, the jealous gov ernments began to look after them; and history knows a whole series of govern ment ordinances, issued from Paris to Eome, condemning them as destructive to soul and body. The idea of issuing a newspaper at regular intervals, that is, every week, first originated in the mind of Egenolf Emmel, of Frankfort, and with his Frankfurter Journal, which made its appearance in 1615, the transition from the irregular publications, such as the Relationen, to the newspaper, was made. The same journal still flourishes, and the house from which it was first issued, may yet be seen. The Journal ap peared as a weekly up to the year 1740; then it appeared oftener; in 1795, it ap peared five times a week, and subse quently became a daily. In England, the mental appetite was fed by the Nevis Letter, a manuscript production, which was only furnished at fabulous prices. It was in 1622, as above mentioned, when the first English newspaper was born. This was The Weekly News from Italie and Ger- manie, which was printed upon a mechanical contrivance, perfected by one Nathaniel Butler, who is thus the progenitor of the English press. The first attempt at the publication of parlia mentary reports was made in 1641, when the parties and politics of the realm first occupied a place in the newspaper. It was some seven years later, in 1648, when the first advertisement appeared. This was in verse form, and was an in vitation to call upon a fashionable tailor of the period, and purchase of him the styles then in vogue among the beaux. The pioneer daily morning newspaper of the world was the London Courant, which was initiated in 1709, and con sisted of only one page of two columns, each five paragraphs long, and was made up from translations from foreign jour nals. The revolutions in journalism during the present century have been of so stupendous a type as to be almost 502 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. beyond comprehension, were we not brought face to face with the fact day by day. In this country, from the advent of the Boston Ne-ws Letter, in 1704, unto the present time, when the United States can boast of its 962 daily, and over 7,000 weekly papers, seems a tremendous step in the forward march of improvement, but is only a forerunner of what may be the achievements and power of an independent press in a free, republican country in the future. McDonough county has had abund ant opportunities to test the value of newspapers, as aids in building up its business centers, and making known its resources to the outer world, while the civilizing influence is almost unlimited; and, as a general thing, its citizens have always manifested a liberal spirit of en couragement toward the various jour nalistic enterprises that have originated in their midst. It would be difficult to estimate in a money value, the advan tages derived by McDonough county, in a business point of view, from the influ ence of the press, but it is, beyond all cavil, inestimable. At all times the press has, in advocacy of local interests, called into requisition respectable, and in many instances, eminent talent, which has a tendency to inspire its citizens, as well as friends, with hope and confi dence in its prosperity. As patrons of the press, as would be expected of those that people it, McDon ough county's citizens have established a good name. As records of current history, the emanations of the local press should be preserved by town and county government among the archives for reference. These papers are the re positories wherein are stored the facts and the events, the deeds and the say ings, the undertakings and achievements, that go to make up the history of the day. One by one these things are gath ered and placed in type; one by one these papers are gathered together and bound, and another volume of local, gen eral, and individual history, is laid away imperishable. The volumes thus col lected are sifted by the historians, and the book for the library is ready. There should be some means devised by which press records might be pre served and made accessible. This is, of course, attempted in all offices, but by the removal of editors, who claim the files as their property, and a general carelessness on the part of all interested, in many instances the files are sadly de ficient. MCDONOUGH INDEPENDENT. Such is the heading that appeared on the first page of a paper issued at Mc- comb, September 12, 1851. It was a six-column folio, edited by George AV. Smith, and published by this gentleman and Theodore Terry, and was the pioneer paper of McDonough county. As its name would indicate, it was independ ent in politics, though leaning somewhat toward democracy. Mr. Terry was a practical printer and had charge of the mechanical department of the office. The paper was published Fridays, at a subscription price of two dollars per annum, the office being located over Ervin' s store. The following salutatory appears in the first number: "In presenting this, the first number of the Independent to our readers, cus- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 503 tom, as well as inclination, leads us to define the course we mean to pursue and the position we propose to assume. "We claim that our paper shall be what its name would indicate, independ ent in all things; reserving to ourselves the right to speak fearlessly, freely and candidly, upon any and every subject that may interest the public, or effect the general welfare of the people; eschewing at all times any interference with the religious, political or social opinions of others. "To the farmer, mechanic and mer chant, we hope to make our paper ac ceptable, one and all, giving, as we shall, a weekly report of the produce markets, commercial and monetary affairs as they transpire; as well as much other infor mation that shall be deemed interesting and instructive to the community at large. We shall, at the same time, by giving publicity to a well and carefully selected miscellany, aim to make the Independent a most welcome visitor at every fireside. "In launching forth upon the sea of public life, and assuming the arduous duties we have undertaken, it has been done Arith full knowledge of the trials and difficulties we may expect to encoun ter; but Arith a determination to use our best efforts, and a firm reliance upon the kindness and encouragement of our friends, we have determined to stand the 'hazard of the die.' "But as brevity is to be one of the chief merits of our articles, we will not weary our readers Arith promises, but will simply say — we will do our best, and hoping that success and prosperity may attend our present and future pa trons, as well as ourselves, we submit our sheet to the patronage of a gener ous and discerning public. "In connection, we would state to our brethren of the press, that we solicit their aid and influence, and hope that at some future time we may reciprocate many past, as well as new, favors re ceived at their hands." The advertising columns of the first issue contained such firms as W. & H. Ervin, who "would inform our friends and the public generally, that we have just received direct from New York and Philadelphia, a large and desirable stock of fall and winter dry goods," etc.; B. E. Hampton & L. H. Waters, "attor neys at law and general agents for pur chase and sale of real estate and collec tion of debts"; J. M. Major, botanic phy sician; D. & C. A. Lawson, general mer chandise; Updegraff & Maury, book sellers and druggists. In the same issue wheat is quoted at 60 to 65 cents per bushel; flour, $3.60 to $400; corn 26 to 30 cents; butter, 10 cents per pound; eggs, 6 cents a dozen ; potatoes, 25 cents per bushel; coal, 8 cents per bushel; chickens, 75 cents to $1 per dozen; and oats 16 to 25 cents per bushel. As a criterion to the mode of getting news in those days, the following headed, "latest news from Cuba," may serve as a contrast to the many improvements undergone through the genius of man, during the past quarter of a century, and which appears in the first number of this paper. The dispatch is dated. New Orleans, September 5, 1851. "By the arrival yesterday at New Or leans, of the Cherokee, we have positive and unquestionable intelligence of the 504 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. capture and execution of Lopez, in Ha vana, on the 30th ult., and the probable total suppression of the revolt. Ninety odd Americans were also captured. This intelligence is reliable." ' A second dispatch dated at the same place a day later, reads: "The Cherokee has arrived from Ha vana. The passengers witnessed the ex ecution of Lopez. The number on the Pampero, 565, have all been killed — 436 are in prison and 100 are to be sent to Africa. Lopez declared himself deceived with regard to aid in Cuba. The pass engers say he ended his life manfully. The failure of the expedition is attrib uted to delay from the separation of Crittenden's command. The patriots have dispersed to the mountains. Only 30 remained with Lopez — they left him and Arithout a friend, he wandered until run down and taken by blood hounds. His last words were — 'Adieu, dear Cuba.' "A meeting was held on board the Cherokee, General Lane, of Oregon, pre siding. The following resolution was passed: "Eesolved, that Mr. Owen, American consul, has forfeited every right and title of an American consul, outraged every sentiment of humanity, deserves the execration of every friend of liberty, and we request his recall by the govern ment." The latest news from China bears the date of June 23, 1851. What a contrast with the present system of the cable and daily newspaper, transmitting news to thousands but from 10 to 12 hours after its occurrence in some foreign country. The following marriage notices also appear in the first issue of the Inde pendent. On Wednesday, the 27th ultimo, by the Eev. Mr. Bourne, Alexander V. Brooking, to Elizabeth H. Eandolph, all of this city. Underneath the notice appears the following comment by the editor: "The above was accompanied by a bountiful supply of cake, for which the fair bride has our sincere thanks, vrith the hope that the happiness knovm only to loving hearts and true, may always attend the happy couple through life." Other notices were as follows: On Sunday, the 31st day of August, 1851, by J. S. Matthews, Esq., Isaac Massingill, to Sarah Groves, all of this county. On Thursday, the 4th inst., by J. 0. C. Wilson, David H. Lockett, of Mc Donough county, to Priscilla Sherman, of Hancock county. On the 7th inst., by C. E. Hume, Esq., Alexander Dorothy, to Sarah Hui-n, all of this county. Died — In this place, on Sunday even ing, at her residence, Mrs. Jane S. Langwell, wife of Peter Langwell, aged about 60 years. The paper was conducted under this management but a few months, and in the issue of February 13, 1852, appears the following valedictory of the junior member of the fii-m, Theodore Terry: "To all my friends a sigh. To all my foes a teai-." "Having disposed of my interest in the office of the McDonough Independ- e-iit, the sad task devolves upon me of saying to its readers, one and all, the Missing Page Missing Page HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 607 word, farewell. My labors amongst you have been rendered most agreeable by the evidences of friendship exhibited on every side, and much of the prosperity of the paper can alone be attributed to the disinterested kindness of those who have so generously lent their aid in building up the enterprise, and to such friends, and to all friends, I return my thanks, and my enemies, if any, will accept my forgiveness in the spirit that it is offered, that of kindness. The paper will hereafter be conducted by our former partner, G. W. Smith, Esq., whose experience, taste and talent will enable him to render the Independ ent a most welcome sheet, and that suc cess and prosperity may attend him and for all time, is the earnest wish of the writer. "And now once more farewell; 'A word that has been and must be' — Farewell." At the close of the first year in the paper's career an announcement was made that with the new volume the paper would appear in an enlarged form. In or der to accomplish this the issue was sus pended one week, and on September 24, 1852, the Independent appeared as a seven column folio, neatly printed and well gotten up. Mr. Smith was a sharp and pointed writer, and his paper wielded considerable influence in this part of the state, and was particularly received with favor in McDonough 'county at that time. It afterward appeared for a while as the McDonough Independent and Demo cratic Review, and in the issue of Sep-' tember 14, 1856, the name was changed to McDonough Democrat, at which time Mr. Smith associated with him E. M. Eoyalty, as partner. The paper in the past leaned toward the democratic ranks, and after this change was made it Avas intensely democratic. It continued un der this management until about the first of September, 1866, when Mr. Eoyalty retired. Mr. Smith continued the pub lication for some time, after which he removed to Blandinsville and started the Argus. THE MACOMB ENTEEPEISE. The Enterprise was the second paper established in Macomb, the first issue appearing June 19, 1855. In conse quence of the expression of political views by the McDonough Independent many persons were desirous of establish ing another paper for the propagation of their principles, and accordingly two young men, T. S. Clarke and D. G. Swan, Avere influenced to embark in the enter prise, engaging L. H. Waters as editor. The paper was a seven column folio in size, with a subscription price of $1.50 per annum. The following salutatory appears in the initial number of the Enterprise : " It is generally believed that the inter ests of the press, that is properly con ducted, are intimately connected with the interests that tend to benefit the mass and ennoble the mind; and whilst a prop erly conducted press is thus beneficial in its tendencies, it cannot be doubted for a moment that a low, ribald sheet is to the public what a tattler is in a commu nity — a pest always. " In the publication of the Enterprise we will but promise that we will advocate with what ability we possess, the men and measures of the Whig party. " The measures for which a Clay, Web- 30 508 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. ster, and a host of other great men have labored a lifetime, and whose results are in the unexampled prosperity of a com mon country, are surely worth the keep ing in constant remembrance for the good they have done, and the still greater good they may yet do. In advocating those measures, and in holding up the hands of those who maintain them, we intend that our zeal shall not get the better of our judgment, and lead us into a guerrilla warfare with our political opponents, that may result in a great deal of noise and the no great amusement of those whose feelings it is our duty to respect. " We shall endeavor to make our paper reliably temperance, advocating the cause of temperance as it is when bereft of old fogyism. Chiefly through the efforts of political demagogues, the great mass of the people have been deceived upon the aims of the friends of prohibition, and we must now commence again in the cause where we were years ago, and carry temperance, as they once did " whisky," into politics. And whilst we would not have it known even in "Gath" that we have been defeated, we must " pick our flints," and with a fair understanding of the intentions of the prohibitionists, and with the sympathy that every true man feels for his fellow, we must again trust our life boat to the Avaves. " In the literary department we hope to make such selections only as shall in form the mind and elevate the taste, dis carding at all times any article, the moral tendency of which is in doubt. " By the completion of our railroad we will be enabled to present our readers with at least readable news. " Such are a few of our hopes and some of our promises. All those who are will ing to lend' us a hand and aid us by a liberal support, we AriU welcome their names to our books. It is correctly re ported and generally believed that print ers do eat. And whilst we battle Arith our feeble abilities for the right, we ask at least the rations of a private. Let those to whom we write come, and let " those who hear, say come," and ex change a generous patronage for our promises, and trust to the future for the difference." Mr. Clarke retired from the firm a couple of months after the paper's first appearance, the journal being contin ued by Mr. Swan as proprietor, and un der the editorial management of L. H. Waters. As the patronage of the pa- was not sufficient to sustain its publica tion, in the issue of November 22, 1866, the following explanatory article ap peared in the columns of the Enter prise, headed "Going! Going!! Gone!!!" " We are compelled this week to is sue a half sheet; next week we promise — nothing! Circumstances over which we have no control, compel us to say this. When we commenced the publi cation of the Enterprise, we did so with the assurance that we would be sup ported by the whigs of McDonough county. So far as patronizing our pa per has been concerned, they have done well; but as to paying, that is quite another thing. We have now on our books accounts against men who have been good enough to patronize us, suf ficient to relieve all our indebtedness and send us on our way rejoicing. We HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 509 have tried to collect this money by dun ning through the paper, and also by for warding bills to our model patrons, but all AriU not do. We will have to strike out and confront them, and the conse quence is, we can't print. We have done what we could since we have come into the proprietorship of the paper, to make it pay, but we are tired of trying now — when those who pretend to be our friends pay no attention to our wants, and leave us to the mejcy of our credi tors. Let every one who owes us for advertising or subscription, pay up to this time, and we AriU be enabled to go on; if not, we must stop!" The paper was discontinued for a few weeks, when B. E. Hampton came to its relief, purchasing an interest and assum ing editorial control, Mr. Waters, the former editor, retiring. In the first is sue of the new series, December 26, 1855, the following salutatory appears, from the pen of Mr. Hampton: "In taking charge of the editorial department of the Enterprise,\i becomes necessary for us to make the public ac quainted with the course we expect to pursue as a publio journalist. " It is hardly necessary for us to say to the people of McDonough county that in politics we are a whig. Fifteen years residence here preclude any such necessity. But in these times of politi cal distraction, it may be well enough for us to say to you that we still have strong attachments for those principles which were imbibed by us in our child hood and schoolboy days. Principles Avhich we learned from the mouths of such men as J. Q. Adams, Clay and Webster, are neither forgotten nor for saken /by us. Believing as we do that the measures advocated by the whig party tend more to the welfare of the American people, than the measures of any other party that has been organized in our government, we therefore cling to those measures or principles as em phatically the principles of this govern ment; and say, that notwithstanding we have many times been defeated by the endearing name and cry of democracy, yet amid all our defeats, we have seen that those principles have been steadily gaining ground in the minds of the peo ple, and that some of them have been adopted by even the democratic party in the state of Illinois as their own. We believe the time is coming, and not very far distant, when the policy of the whig party will be the policy of this govern ment. But it has been said by some politicians that the whig party is among the parties that have passed away. This we do not believe; but even should this be the case, that as a party it is dis solved, its principles will last as long as the government exists in its present form. " There is at the present time an issue before the American people which seems as though it would swallow up all others, and so it probably will, for the present. We allude to the Kansas question, which has been thrown into the arena by the passage of the Kansas and Nebraska bill, and palmed off on the country by Douglas, Atchison and company. If this is to be made the only issue, and old parties and principles are to be laid aside until the question is settled, we shall be found to the utmost of our ability doing battle against this notori- 510 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. ous swindle; ever contending for free dom in free territory. Believing as we do that the institution of slavery is a dark spot upon the free face of our country, we shall contend that it shall be confined to the present limits, and not be permitted to spread itself over the whole face of our country. We say, confine it where it is until the sovereign people of the states where it now exists, shall be able to see the spot and apply the remedy for its removal. So long as the lovers of this peculiar institution did not choose to force the extension of its baleful influence, we did not feel dis posed to meddle with it, but they have sought to plant its dark visage upon the the fair face of freedom. We cannot, therefore,f ail to raise our voice against it. "But whilst to some extent ours will be a political paper, we shall not lose sight of other things necessary to make it instructive and interesting to our read ers. Agriculture, commerce and the markets will not be neglected. Temper ance and morality will receive a due share of attention. We shall also en deavor to keep our readers posted up in regard to transpiring events; flattering ourselves that we have such arrange ments that we can give the latest news upon all the important matters of the day. " In short, we expect to do our very best to make the Enterprise what a paper should be, intended for circula tion in McDonough county. These are some of our promises, but in order that we may be enabled to fulfill them to the letter, it is absolutely necessary that we should receive a fair share of public patronage. If we get this, we have no fears of the result of our Enterprise; if we do not, we cannot, of course, pub lish a paper and live." The Enterprise was started as a whig paper, by the original owners, and would have been continued as such had it not been for the Kansas-Nebraska legisla-' tion and the repeal of the Missouri com promise. Mr. Hampton, the new editor, was a great admirer of Fillmore and was strcmgly attached to the whig party, but was also, as will be seen by his salu tatory, utterly opposed to slavery. In the issue of tbe paper of June 26, 1856, the naraes of Fremont and Dayton were placed at the head of the column and their election, as president and vice-pres ident, advocated. To this many of the patrons and friends of the paper, who were favorable to the election of Fill more, strongly objected. In answer to these objections there appeared in the issue of the paper of July 17th, a lengthy editorial, reviewing the platform upon which that gentleman stood, and also his speech of acceptance, delivered at Al bany after his nomination. After review ing the iniquity and fallacy of the posi tion taken, the article concluded as fol lows: "This is their course of reason ing, and was it not for this we could have supported Fillmore Arith all our heart; but as it is we cannot now do so. Some of our friends may condemn our course, and we understand some are already doing so. To such we say, as Brutus once said to Eome : If there be any of our readers, any dear friend of Fillmore, we say to him that oui* love for Fillmore was no less than his. If, then, that friend demands why we rise against Fillmore, our answer is: Not that we HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 611 love Fillmore less, but that we love our country more." Under the management of Messrs. Hampton and Swan the paper prospered and it soon became evident that the Enterprise was a fixed factor in journal ism of Macomb and McDonough county. January 28, 1857, Mr. Swan retired from the firm, after which Mr. Hampton took into partnership F. C. Fowler, continu ing the publication under this manage- . ment until about March, 1859, when Mr. Fowler disposed of his interest to J. W. Nichols. In 1860, Mr. Nichols purchas ed the interest of B. E. Hampton, assum ing control of the entire office and changing the name of the paper to MILITAEY TEACT JOUENAL. The paper was continued in this man ner until the spring of 1861, when James K. Magie purchased a half interest when the name of the paper was changed to MACOMB JOUENAL, a title it has sustained ever since. Mr. Magie assumed editorial management, remaining in that capacity until the sum mer of 1862J when he enlisted as a pri vate in the 78th regiment. After Mr. Magie went to the front, Mr. Nichols became editor and continued in the man agement of the paper until January, 1864, when he disposed of his interest to Mr. Magie, and T. S. Clarke leased the office, and became editor. In August of that year, Mr. Clarke associated with him, C. L. Sanders in editing the Journal, these gentlemen continuing the publica tion of the same until Mr. Magie return ed from the army, in June, 1866, when that gentleman assumed full editorial charge in the publication of his paper. In November of that year, B. E. Hamp ton again purchased the office, continu ing in control of the same until June 17, 1870, when W. H. Hainline purchased a half interest. In the issue of the Journal of the above date the following announcement appeared: - "With this week's paper we commence its publication under a 'new arrange ment, W. H. Hainline coming into the office as a partner. The growing busi ness of the office has, for a long time, been admonishing me that it was neces sary to increase the facilities for doing the work, and also of the necessity of having some one to assist in the editorial duties and business management of the establishment. In the person of Mr. Hainline, who is not only a straight for ward man of business, but also a ready writer, the Journal patrons will find the right man in the right place. I take this occasion to thank the many friends of the paper for what they have done in the past, and ask that they continue their favors toward it under the new management." Following the above paragraph ap pears a few explanatory lines from the pen of Mr. Hainline: "The above article of Mr. Hampton's, with due allowance for the flattering re marks, tells the whole story. As Mr. Hampton still remains at the head of the firm, I deem it unnecessary, at present, to burden the paper with a profusion of promises or apologies, trusting to time, which tries all, and a public who will decide rightly, whether I succeed or fail. With them I leave the verdict." The Journal always appeared in folio 512 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. form until February 8, 1880, when it was changed to a six column quarto, a style which it still sustains. Hampton & Hainline continued as publishers of the Journal until January 3, 1881, when Mr. Hampton disposed of his interest to the junior member of the firm. In as suming sole control and management, the following salutatory from the pen of Mr. Hainline ^appears in the paper of the above date: "Mr. Hampton, who retires, has been the senior of the firra ; he has been the known element of whatever course the paper took, or whatever force it exerted on the questions that came up. If the public approved, he generously divided the award; if the contrary, he was wil ling to take on his broad shoulders the lion's 'share of the blame. "More than this: he has been my friend. One that has stood by me through evil as well as good report, and did I feel other than sadness at our separation, I should be ungrateful in deed. As stated by him, our business relations have been pleasant. Never to- my knowledge has a harsh or unfriendly word characterized a single business ar rangement of the firm, during the 11 years (almost) that I have been con nected with the paper, and consequently Arith him in business. "In his retirement that not alone am I the loser so far as the Journal is con cerned. The reader will note his ab sence from the paper, and with all the efforts I may make, I fear I shall not (for sometime at least) supply the place made vacant when he resigned this edi torial chair. "And so it is that the partnership of the Journal firm dissolves. We sepa rate Arith kindly feelings, and Mr. Hamp ton has my earnest wishes for prosperity in all his undertakings; and I sincerely believe he Avishes me as well. We are no longer associated in business, but we still remain friends. "In closing, I will say a brief word in reference to the course of the Journal in the future. As when I started into the business 11 years ago, I made no promises, only that I would do my best and allow the public to judge; so do I now renew the statement. In discussing questions, I shall aim to do by others as I would have them do by me. In poli tics, the Journal will continue to advo cate the glorious principles of republi canism, the corner stone of which is 'equal and exact privileges of all before the law;' or in plainer, though homelier language, concede to every man in poli tics the same rights it claims for itself, and ask no duties or burdens placed upon another that it is not willing to also take upon itself. "And now to the thousands of patrons of the Journal, I respectfully request a a continuance of your former generous patronage; and to those who are not subscribers, would say there is room for all in 'The Journal family.' And to one and all, judge short-comings leni ently." In the issue of January 3, 1884, the following announcement appears, in re gard to the organization of the present management of the Journal: "This week and after, the Journal is issued by a joint stock company, organ ized under the laws of the state of Illi- HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 513 nois. The stockholders are W. H. Hain line, Mrs. W. H. Hainline, Walter L. Piper and A. J. Hainline. The editorial management will be under the control of the first named, as heretofore, and the mechanicaldepartment under the super vision of Walter L. Piper. The owner ship of the office is the same as for the past year, but owing to unequal partner ship it was deemed best to incorporate. The name of the incorporation is "The Macomb Journal Printing Company." Under this company name the paper AriU hereafter be published, and the business of the office conducted." The Journal is the recognized lead ing republican organ of McDonough county, and in circulation ranks fore most. The paper is six columns, eight pages in size, neatly printed, and mani festing in its make-up the oversight of a practical printer of first-class abUity; ably edited, and with a large amount of spicy locals and pungent editorial com ment. WiUiam H. Hainline was born in Emmet township, McDonough county, July 29, 1841, and has been a continu ous resident of the county from that date, and therefore may be classed as an old settler. His parents were John D. and Margaret A. Hainline, who immigrated from the state of Kentucky at an early day, the father yet residing upon the old homestead in Emmet toAvnship. The subject of this sketch spent his child hood and youth upon the farm, his life being varied by work in the summer and attendance upon the district school in the winter. With the exception of three months his entire schooling was received in one district. Until 18 years of age he continued to work for his father. At that time the country was excited by the dis covery of gold in Pike's Peak, when he persuaded his father to let him seek his fortune in that new Eldorado. Going to the Peak he labored about three weeks in the mines, when not being satisfied with the prospects, he returned home, thor oughly cured of the "gold fever,"- "and Arilling enough to take his place behind the plow, and turn gold out of the black soil of Illinois. In farm work he con tinued until the boom of the cannon was heard reverberating from Fort Sumpter, when, hastening to Macomb, on the 19th day of April, 1861, he enlisted in Cap tain Ealston' s company, under the first call of the president for 75,000 men, but on account of the lack of transportation, the company could not leave Macomb in time, and therefore failed to be num bered with the first quota. A call of the state had in the meantime been made for ten regiments, and this company was sworn in for 30 days, and afterward, on the 24th of May, 1861, mustered into the United States service for three years, or during the war, becoming company H, 16th Illinois infantry. During the war was taken literally by Mr. Hainline, and five months before the expiration of his three years' service, he re-enlisted as a veteran, and continued Arith his regi ment until the proclamation of peace was issued, and the regiment mustered out on the 8th of July, 1865. In every cam paign in which the regiment participated he bore his part, and in the battle of Peach Tree creek, in front of Atlanta, on the 20th of July, 1864, he was taken prisoner, and five days thereafter was placed in the prison pen of Anderson- 514 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. ville. For two months he was confined at that place, where the prisoners were dying at the rate of 100 each day, of starvation a-nd exposure, the rebels re fusing to take any measures to better their condition. On returning home, Mr. Hainline, the following fall, received from his party the nomination for the office of county treasurer, and, notwith standing the objection raised against him on account of his youth, and that he ran against the most popular man in the ranks of the opposition, he was triumph antly elected. The amount of his bond was $650,000, owiilg to the heavy bounty tax, but had it been $2,000,000 it would have been given. In the discharge of his duties he gave perfect satisfaction to men of all parties, and in the two years of his service he handled more money than any treasurer in the county has ever done in the same length of time. Shortly after the expiration of his term of office he purchased an interest in the drug store of P. H. Delaney, continuing in that business until the fall of 1869. On the 12th day of June, 1866, he Avas united in marriage with Victoria Shleich, of Fulton county. Three children were the result of this union, one of whom died in infancy; the other two are Maud S., born September 29, 1869: and Millie D., born June 1, 1872. Mrs. Hainline, who was a most excellent woman, de parted this life February 24, 1874. In June, Mr. Hainline purchased a half in terest in the Macomb Journal, the lead ing paper of the city, and became asso ciate editor. As a local writer he ranks among the best in the state, and in the advocacy of his political views he never fails to make himself understood, and always takes advance ground upon all questions of the day. In February, 1881, he purchased the interest of his partner, since which time he has re mained sole editor. On January 24, 1879, he was married to Catherine L. Voorhees. By this union there has been one child, Jean L., born June 30, 1883. In addition to the office of county treas urer, Mr. Hainline has held the office of alderman of the First ward, Macomb, for two years, and represented the city as a member of the board of supervisors for three years. In the discharge of all his official duties he labors faithfully to advance the best interests of his con stituents, being alive to all questions of public good. THE MACOMB EAGLE. The journal with the above name, the leading representative of the democratic press of McDonough county of the pres ent day, was established in October, 1856, by E. M. Eoyalty and W. E. Avise, the former gentleman acting as editor. The first paper bears the date of Octo ber 18, and was a neat, sprightly, seven column folio, of new material and ex cellent dress. On presenting the paper to their patrons and friends, Mr. Eoy alty made the following remarks, by way of a salutatory: "Our barque is on the tide! In launching out upon the troubled sea of public opinion, it may not be amiss to state briefly, what course we design pur suing, and what preparations we have made for the voyage. "Impressed with the importance of establishing a permanent and reliable democratic newspaper at Macomb, for HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 515 the dissemination of political and general intelligence, and yielding to the solicita tions of a large number of our most re spectable and influential fellow citizens, in different sections of the county, we were induced to embark in the present undertaking, believing that the publica tion of a well-conducted county paper, would ultimately prove mutually benefi cial to our patrons and ourselves. To this end, we have procured entirely new presses, types and fixture — sparing no pains or expense to render the establish ment complete in all its departments. Eelying solely upon our own exertions, and the intelligence and public spirit of the people of McDonough county, for remuneration, and urging no claim upon them for patronage, other than their oAvn sense of the propriety of sustaining such an enterprise, as the readiest means of promoting public and private inter ests, we, this morning, lay the first number of the Macomb Eagle before them, for their approval or rejection — wUling that this and succeeding num bers, however imperfect, shall speak for themselves. "To those familiar with our political opinions and course heretofore, little need be said as to what policy we shall pursue in the publication of the Eagle. It is scarcely necessary to add that it will be unequivocally democratic in its proclivities,- and will battle earnestly for that glorious political faith, handed down to us by Jefferson, Madison and Jackson, under the honest conviction that upon the success of democratic measures, depends the perpetuity of our civil and religious institutions. Ee- garding thp democratic party as the only strictly national and conservative organization in the pale of the American union, and the democratic creed as the only one consistent with the letter and spirit of the federal constitution and laws, we shall scrupuously adhere to the cardinal principles of that party, and, to the extent of our humble abilities, use our best endeavors to insure its success. In doing this, however, we shall en deavor, on all occasions,, to maintain " a dignified tone, and treat our opponents with a deference and respect due to those who may honestly differ Arith us upon the great political and moral questions of the day, conceding to them an equal right to the undisturbed enjoy ment of their opinions; and, under no circumstances, will we insult our read ers, or compromise our claims to self- respect, by descending to the use of slang and low invective. While we respect an honorable, candid, and manly competitor, we cannot, and will not, stoop to the level of those rabid partisans, who are ever wallowing in the filthy and noisome cesspools of billingsgate and personal detraction. "Upon the vexed and much abused slavery question — as upon all other im portant issues before the people — it is needless to say that we stand firm and immutable upon the national democratic platform of 1866. Looking upon negro slavery, as it exists in the United States, as a domestic institution, exclusively lo cal or sectional in its character, and de precating every attempt to make it na tional, we are willing to leave it where the constitution places it, in the hands of the people themselves, to receive or reject as they may deem proper. This 516 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. Ave regard as one of the especial prerog atives of the individual states, without which they cannot be free and indepen dent sovereignties — congress, in our humble opinion, having no right to in terfere with the domestic affairs of the states. "Politics, however, will not receive ex clusive attention. Literature, education, agriculture, improvements, the market, domestic and foreign news, etc., will be duly honored, our facilities being such that we expect to be able to furnish our readers with the latest and most reliable intelligence from all quarters; and no pains will be spared to render the Eagle acceptable to the reading public. "Having thus hastily sketched the out lines, in part, of the course we intend to pursue, we send forth the Eagle upon its mission, trusting it may find a welcome reception at the hands of every good cit izen. "To the fraternity at large, we make our most profound ' salaam, and proffer our right I@" in token of that amity and good feeling, which we earnestly hope may ever characterize our inter course with the craft." But the well laid plans so often made are apt to be broken by circumstances over which we have no control, for, three weeks later the paper was obliged to sus pend publication for lack of funds. Jan uary 3, 1857, however, the paper was re vived, G. T. Mitchell entering into part nership with Mr. Avise in its publica tion, since which time the Eagle has ap peared continuously. In the issue of March 7, 1857, Nelson Abbott appears as one of the editors and proprietors, Mr. Avise retiring, although, no mention was made of the change. January 9, 1868, Mr. Mitchell retired and the paper was continued by Mr. Abbott until February 11, 1865, when he disposed of the office to J. H. Hungate, who secured the ser vices of J. B. Naylor, as editor. In se vering his connection with the paper, Mr. Abbott penned the following fare well, whicli appeared in the issue of the above date: "With the issue of the present num^ ber, my connection with the Eagle es tablishment ceases. I have sold the con cern to Mr. J. H. Hungate, of this city. "It has been known to many of my friends for over a year past" I have de sired to be released from the business. Failing health and the advice of physi cians to seek another occupation, are the chief reasons that have caused this step. "Eight years ago this month I took charge of this paper. It was then just straggling into existence, and from that hour to this it has been conducted under my sole supervision. What it has ac complished in this time needs no re counting now. That has become part of the history of this county. "I may have committed errors. Few men do not. But I do not call to mind any instance in which, with present light, I should have acted differently. I may have given offense to corrupt, fan atical, or hypocritical men. If so, the only apology I have to offer is, the hope that they may live the life of better men in the future. "To the many friends who have stood by me 'through evil as well as good re port,' I can only return my warmest ac knowledgements and pray for blessings on their heads. I shall ever cherish with HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 517 a fond recollection the many acts of kind ness and friendship which have been ex tended to me by the democrats of Mc Donough county. If they have not re ceived that recompehse which should have been rendered, I feel assured they AriU not charge the failure to lack of will or earnest effort. "It is no small consolation, in retiring, to know that I leave the Eagle in faith ful and able hands. Mr. Hungate will be found altogether worthy of the confi dence of the democrats of this county. The high standard of the paper for dem ocratic integrity will not be loAvered, while in editorial ability it will be strengthened. "With my best wishes for its prosper ity, and warmest regards to its patrons, I bid one and all good-bye!" Mr. Hungate continued the publica tion of the Eagle with J. B. Naylor, ed itor, only about six months, when he sold the office to the present proprietor, Charles H. Whitaker. In the first issue under the new management, September 30, 1865, appeared the following vale dictory of Mr. Naylor, and also the salu tatory of the new editor and proprietor: " With the last week's issue, my con nection with the Eagle ceased. This fact would have been announced last week, had the purchaser, Mr. C. H. Whit aker arrived in time to have made.it known. It has been but a little over six months since we took charge of the Eagle, during which . time, the circula tion of the paper has largely increased and we can safely say that no country paper in the state, has a better advertis ing and job patronage. We thank the good people of Macomb and McDon ough -county, who, Avithout regard to party, have given us many encouraging words, and for their many generous acts of kindness and liberality. We shall ever cherish their names fondly in mem ory. We leave the office, we believe, with the good will of all; and on our part, certainly with no malice or ill-will toward any. We now transfer the Eagle to Mr. C. H. Whitaker, late of Missouri, who has had a number of years experience in the publishing busi ness, and is a thorough printer and an able writer. In his hands, we have no doubt the Eagle will soon rank second to no paper in the state. In politics, the Eagle will still continue to be an advo cate of democratic principles, Mr. Whit aker believing that upon them rests the stability and future happiness of the grand old republic. " We bespeak for him the same hearty and cordial support, on the part of the democracy, which they have ever shown toward us. Mr. Whitaker has been, during the war, in Missouri, between two fires — that of the rebels on one hand, and the radicals on the other; hav ing had an office destroyed in Septem ber, 1861, by the rebels, and another by the radicals, in September, 1863. " To our neighbor of the Journed we bid adieu, and return our thanks for the many courtesies and favors shown us, and wish him abundant success in bas ket and store. " And now to our friends, one and all, we say farewell." " The above card of Mr. Naylor, ex plains the change which this week takes place in the management of the Eagle. To those who have known us, it is hardly 518 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. necessary to say that we have been con nected with the press in Missouri for the past ten years, during which time the trying ordeals of war have not only devastated that state, but the military power have exercised a despotic and ty rannical surveillance over the liberty of speech, and the sacred and estimable blessings of a free press. We have al ways and on all occasions, maintained the right to support that which is just and have always denounced that which we, conceived to be unjust. For de nouncing the unjust restrictions of sou thern rebels, and bitterly opposing the blue laws and orders of military tyrants and abolition subalterns, it has been our fortune to conduct our paper under the most perplexing and trying difficulties. Such has been the bad state of affairs where extremists and fanatics hold sway, that the press dare not criticise the actions of local military, without subjecting its editors to arrest and im prisonment, and when released upon bond, they are denied either a civil or military trial, showing clearly that where the military are unable to have the press conducted to suit their own individual sense of propriety, they assume the au thority, because they have the power to put a surveillance over the press, and knowing that no disloyal act has been committed, or disloyal language pub lished, they refuse even a trial, thus evading and skulking about like bush whackers, because they know themselves to be the viola1;ors of military, as well as constitutional law. " To the patrons of the Eagle we de sire to say that we shall advocate the principles of the democratic party, be lieving those principles are better calcu lated to secure and maintain the liberty and freedom of the white man; while the principles of the republican party are only for the securing of liberty and freedom for the negro race, and bring ing white down to the level of the black. We shall spare no pains or expense to give our patrons a live heme paper, and one which will prove a welcome visitor to every fireside. The moral and liter ary tone of the Eagle will receive our careful attention, while the local and miscellaneous departments wUl contain the latest and choicest gleanings. " Hoping to be able to make the Eagle every way worthy and deserving of the support and patronage of the good peo ple of Macomb and McDonough county, and hoping that in future our acquain tance with our patrons and friends may be mutually pleasant and instructive, we shall buckle on our armor editorial and enter upon the discharge of the du ties of the tripod." At that time the Eagle was published as a seven column folio, and made a very poor appearance, mechanically. But by the purchase of new type, enlargement, etc., under its present management, this jour nal occupies the foremost rank in typo graphical neatness. The Eagle has al ways rested solely upon its merits, and hfjs always stood for its intrinsic worth. Charles H. Whitaker, the editor, is well fitted for the responsibility of the posi tion, bringing to it a mind above the av erage, a keen, trenchant pen, and a jour nalistic courtesy rarely found in the craft. The paper has ever supported the principles of the democratic party, and has wielded considerable influence in HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 519 moulding the course of local politics in this district. Hon. Charles H. Whitaker was born in Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, September 13, 1836. His parents, Irwin H. and Ann E. Whitaker, were both natives of Danville, Montour county, Pennsylvania. In 1838 his parents came west, locating in Canton, Illinois. Here the mother died, Oetober 11, 1841, aged 27 years. In 1849 the cholera scourge swept across the country, and the father was its second victim; in Canton, dying on July 17, at the age of 38 years. By his father's death young Whitaker was left alone in the world at the age of 17 years. He began at the bottom round of the ladder, entering the office of the Canton Register as errand boy and car-- rier, and one year afterward commenced his regular apprenticeship at the print er's trade. Two years afterward he went to Savannah, Mo., to live Arith his mater nal grand-parents, and here he soon after wards engaged in clerking for his uncle, H. T. Walker, the largest mercantile dealer in the place. In 1854, at the age of 18 years, he first engaged in editorial work. Hon. Chas. F. Holly, proprietor of the Savannah Sentinel, the leading Benton democratic organ of Northwest Missouri, being de tained in Nebraska City, Nebraska, much of the time by legal business, employed young Whitaker to take charge of his paper and edit it. In the fall of 1855, during the border ruffian excitement of Kansas, Mr. Whit aker was employed to conduct the Weston ( Mo. ) Reporter by the editor, Hon. Sam uel J. Finch who was occupied by .legis lative duties in Jefferson City. Weston at that time was one of the most flourish ing towns on the Missouri river, and as Hon. David E. Atchison, the anti-Ben ton leader, resided but a few miles from town, it was an important political point. Weston was also the home of General Ben. F. Stringfellow, the reputed orga nizer and leader of the first raid on Law rence, Kansas, and the Reporter, under Mr.' Whitaker, denounced him and his border ruffian outlaws in scathing and unmeasured terms. For several months the Reporter conducted a single-handed fight against the Weston Argus, the Atchison Squatter Sovereign, and the Leavenworth Hercdd, all anti-Benton organs endorsing the border outrages — the latter paper being edited by H. Eives Pollard, since a noted editor at Eich mond, Virginia. The Re-porter, as an uncompromising Benton organ, and the unsparing foe of the border outlaws, quickly sprang into wide prominence over the whole state. In March, 1856, he went to St. Louis and engaged as river and local reporter on Kennedy's Commercial List, but in December of that year he returned to Savannah and assumed editorial charge of the North- West Democrcd,then owned by L. D. Carter & Co., and in the fall of 1859 he commenced the publication of the Missouri Plaindealer, a democratic paper, at Savannah. On the 14th of March, 1861, he was married to Miss M. E. Selecman, and on February 22, 1862, their only son, Charles H. Whitaker, Jr., was born to them. The Plaindealer vigorously espoused the cause of the Union. Because of ob jectionable and seditious articles, the office of the rival democratic paper, the 520 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. North-West Democrcd, was visited by Col. Peabody's force of the regular army, and the presses, type, etc., carried to their camp at St. Joseph. Col. Peabody being ordered to Lexington with his reg iment to reinforce Mulligan, several weeks later, the rebels from Camp High ly, ten miles distant, undertook retalia tory measures, and by order of Col. San ders, Mr. Whitaker was arrested, while the Plaindealer material, etc., was also loaded up and hauled away to the rebel camp. The rebels attempted to set the press up again in their carap, but sev eral needful pieces were mysteriously missing, and the task was given over. Several days after Mr. Whitaker dodged through' the rebel picket lines and es caped into Iowa, where he remained un til the Federal troops under Cols. Kim ball and Cranor moved down and occu pied Camp Highly — the rebels having left a few days before. Mr. Whitaker regained a part of his printing material, the Confederates having moulded much of his type into bullets, and carried away the more valuable portions of his press. A few weeks later he purchased a new press and again commenced the publica tion of the Plaindealer. The Plain- dealer fearlessly denounced the excesses committed by Federal soldiers, and the Savannah postmaster — who had sudden ly turned loyal — refused to distribute the paper through the post office boxes. Mr. Whitaker wrote, stating the facts of the case to his friend. Gen. Frank P. Blair, then in front of Vicksburg. The latter referred the matter to his brother, Montgomery Blair, then postmaster-gen eral under President Lincoln,who issued to Mr. Whitaker a commission as post master at Savannah. The obnoxious postmaster refusing to surrender the of fice, after being requested several times to do so, he was forcibly dispossessed by a company of Federal soldiers, and Mr. Whitaker entered upon the duties of the office. In December, 1862, Mr. Whitaker was elected sergeant-at-arms of the Missouri legislature, holding this position for a term of two years. On the last day of the session Speaker Marvin paid a glow ing tribute to the efficiency of the ser geant, and commendatory resolutions were unanimously passed by the house. In the fall of 1863 Mr. Whitaker re cruited company M, of the 9th Missouri cavalry (known as Gen. Odon Guitar's old regiment), JohnF. Williams, colonel. Soon afterwards he was appointed adju tant of Col. H. B. Branch's regiment, which was enlisted under the special au thority of Gov. Gamble, and though the regiment was assigned to local duty in Northwest Missouri, the United States government clothed and armed it for service. This regiment acted as a check upon the lawlessness and depredations which had heretofore been committed by the extremists of both Northern and Southern factions. In September, 1865, Mr. Whitaker came to Macomb with his family, having purchased the Macomb Eagle, then the only democratic paper in McDonough county, of which paper he assumed edito rial control the 25tli of September. Under his management the Eagle has always been a fearless and ardent advo cate of democratic principles. As such it has become widely known as an influ ential and ably conducted newspaper. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 521 and has prospered financially. During the years 1868 and 1869 Mr. Whitaker also owned and dictated the editorial policy of the Virginia, Cass county, (111. ) Democrat. In politics Mr. Whitaker has always been an uncompromising advocate of democratic principles, and has attained considerable prominence in state demo cratic councils. In 1872 he was selected to represent his congressional district on the state democratic? central committee, a position which he has held continu ously ever since. In 1876 he was a dele gate to the national democratic conven tion at St. Louis, voting first for Thomas A. Hendricks for president, but after wards for Samuel J. Tilden. In Novem ber of the same year he was elected to represent the 27th senatorial district in the lower house of the 30th general as sembly, by the democracy of Warren and McDonough counties. MACOMB LEDGER. The venture in the journalistic field of the above name, made its first appear ance September 19, 1866. It was a seven column folio, independent in politics, and edited and published by T. S. Clarke. It lived only about four weeks. It was a sprightly local sheet and had it been continued, it might have proven suc cessful. B. E. Hampton purchased the material of the defunct paper, and ship ped it to Havana, Mason county, where a brother established a newspaper. It was afterward disposed of to Havana parties. THE WESTERN LIGHT. This paper was established by S. J. Clarke and Charles P. Whitten, in Janu ary, 1868. It was a large five column quarto, well printed from new type, and was devoted to literature, art, science, temperance and local news. Many warm words of commendation were passed upon it; but words are cheap and will not support any periodical. 'It lived just one year. Mr. Whitten was con nected with the paper but about four months, when Mr. Clarke became sole proprietor. The office was disposed of to Eeynolds and Garrison, in December, 1868,. and was used in printing the Gospel Echo for about one year, when B. E. Hampton became proprietor. The material since has had a very migratory existence, and has been used in publish ing several different papers in Missouri and in this state, and was afterward used in the publication of the Macomb Inde pendent. THE ILLINOIS BY STANDEE. The paper bearing the above name, was established by that pioneer journal ist of McDonough county, B. E. Hamp ton. The first issue of this journal bears the date of April 13, 1881, and was a six column folio, all printed at home. In politics the paper was independent, which position it still sustains, having for a motto: "Independent in all things; neutral in nothing." In the first issue of the By-Stander, appears the follow ing salutatory by its editor,Mr. Hampton : "It has been the fashion, "so long that the memory of man runneth not to ,the contrary," when a newspaper undertakes to make a start in the world, and asks for public patronage, for the publisher to say something in relation to the ob jects and aims of the publication. In 522 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. sending out among the people of Mc Donough county, this little paper, we do not feel at liberty to disregard this time- honored custom. When, in the course of human events, one enters upon a new enterprise, the success of which'depends upon the' support and encouragement, which will be given it by the people, it is but fair, right and proper, that these same people should understand what they are called upon to support and assist in maintaining, and to this end we make the following statements in relation to the By-Stander. "It is to be an independent newspaper, not a neutral one — because the latter it could not be while we have control of its columns. Some people have the faculty of occupying neutral ground on ques tions, which are being discussed by the public, but we are not of that number. So, when we say that the By-Stander will be "independent in all things and neutral in nothing," we do not Avant any one to suppose that it will take no part in the discussion of all the questions of the day, whether they shall be of a polit ical, moral, or religious nature, because it means to express its views on all these as it shall deem best from time to time. We do not mean that the By-Slander shall be the organ ¦ of, or amenable to, any organization, political or otherwise. It will be its aim to discuss all such questions as may come before the peo ple, fairly and candidly, expressing always the views of its editor upon all matters of public interest, ever keeping its columns open to those who may differ from it. Primarily, the By-Stander will be a newspaper, giving all the local news of the day, at such a price as to place it within the reach of every citizen of Mc Donough county, — and in this respect, we hope to supply a demand for a sort of journalism, which has long been needed in this part of the country. While we know that Macomb already has two very good local newspapers,- we also know that the price at which they can be afforded is beyond the reach of many, who ought to have a home paper in their families. The By-Stander, at half the price of the other papers, giv ing all the news of a local character which they do, will no doubt meet with a hearty welcome from all those who feel that they can not afford to pay two dol lars for the Eagle or Journal. Then, again, every man in McDonough, in order to have a proper understanding of what is going on in the county, should have a paper published at the county seat; but there being papers published in the other towns, every one feels that he must first support his OAvn town paper, and all do not feel they are able to pay for two county papers at two dol lars per year; hence, there are thousands who do not take a Macomb paper, who will do so now that they can get one for half the old price. "This undertaking to establish a cheap county newspaper, is no new thought of ours. On the contrary, we have been seriously thinking of the matter for more than a year past, and the more we have considered it, the stronger have been our convictions that in Macomb and McDon ough county, there existed an open field for such an enterprise. Time, alone, can tell whether our convictions in this regard are well founded, and whether HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 623 our undertaking shall prove a success or a failure. In talking with various per sons on this matter, we have found a diversity of opinions, but for the most part it seems to be agreed that there exists a demand for a cheap horae paper. Some of our good republican friends have insisted that the better plan would be to make it an out and out republican journal, and have told us that a non partisan newspaper would not be sus tained in Macomb. To this, we answer that the field of political newspaperdom is already in this city and county fully occupied. The Journal and the Eagle, in Macomb; the Record, at BushneU; the Democrat, at Blandinsville, and the Independent, at Colchester, are fully as many papers as are needed for mere partisan political purposes. For this reason, as well as from a desire, which we have long had, to have a newspaper which should be entirely independent of all -parties, we have chosen to make this paper "independent in all things, and neutral in nothing." "We have not embarked in this busi ness without first having counted the cost, nor yet without a large experience in the newspaper business, and flatter ourselves that we know something in re gard to the wants of the people in this line ; whether Ave shall be able to supply those wants, will be better known a year hence than it now is. If we succeed in making the By-Stander what we intend it to be, we have no fears about its suc cess, because we know that the people of McDonough county are an appreciative people, and wUl give a generous support to any and all enterprises which have a tendency to promote the public good. "To the newspaper brotherhood all over the state, and more especially to those of our own 'city and county, we say we have come back into your ranks "with malice toward none, and good will toward all," ever ready to take an hum ble part with, you iii AA'hat Ave hold to be one among the highest callings of the age. There is room and work enough for all of us in this great, big world, in which we are permitted to live. So let us work together, to the end that we may accomplish the most possible good. "To the public, we say in conclusion, we have now launched our little bark upon the great ocean of newspaper life, and we only ask the people to give us that support which they feel that the little By-Stander, which has just made its appearance in their midst, deserves." The terms of subscription is $1 per year. With No. 8, of volume III., the paper appeared in an enlarged form, be ing a seven column folio, which size it still retains. In commenting upon the enlargement Mr. Hampton said: "With this number the By Stander will go before the people with a larger paper than we contemplated when first starting out in its publication. Our ob ject was to give the people a cheap me dium of home news, which answers all the purposes of a home newspaper, at a price as low as to place it within reach of all who did not feel that they could afford to pay $2 a year for a local paper. While we feel we have succeeded meas urably Avell in doing Avhat we started out to do, we have found that a six column paper is too small to answer fully the purposes for which the By Stander was brought before the public. So long as 31 524 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. we were short of advertising we found room enough, but when these came we found it difficult to find room for the local news, and such comments as we felt disposed to make on questions of a local character, and on the passing events of the day. For these reasons we have concluded to make the enlarge ment, with the hope that it will prove beneficial to our readers and to ourselves. This change will necessarily add a considerable sum to our weekly expenses, but we hope that an increased subscrip tion list will more than pay us for the additional outlay. We know that we run some risk in making this enlarge ment, but, "nothing venture, nothing have" is as applicable to the newspaper business as to any other. With many thanks to the people for past favors and asking a continuence of the same, we strike out on this improvement of the paper, hopeful of success. The By-Stander is circulated largely throughout the county and has met with good success, such as a thoroughly independent and good, spicy local county paper would warrant. Hon. B. E. Hampton, the son of Van C. and Elizabeth Hampton, was born in Warren county, Ohio, April 12, 1821. At about three years of age he was taken by his parents to Miami county, Ohio, which was at that time a wilderness, and there his early days were spent working in a woolen factory. In 1840, he emigrated to Illinois, arriving in the embryoic city of Macomb in November of that year. The following year he entered the law office of Cyrus Walker as a student, and was duly adraitted to the bar in 1843. In 1869, Mr. Hampton was elected a member of the board of supervisors of this county, which place he filled Avell and satisfactorily for 11 years, although not consecutively, the last being in the year 1882. In 1870, he was elected to the position of state senator, and was re elected in 1872 to the same. In the 27th general assembly he was appointed chairman of the committee on printing, and that of domestic relations, the last of which prepared the "Dram Shop Act," now on the statute book of the state. He was, also, a member of the following committees: Corporations, appointment, and counties and townships organization. In the 28th assembly he was chairman of the committees on general expenses of the assembly and of miscellaneous busi ness, and a member of the committees, on the revision of the state laws, appro priations, corporations, reformatory in stitutions, judicial department, fees and salaries, and on printing. Mr. Hamp ton has the honor of being the author of the bill authorizing the revised statute of 1874, to be published by the state, and sold to the people at the price of two doUars per copy, a praiseworthy and ex cellent measure. This bill was intro duced March 7, and notwithstanding the strong opposition of certain interested parties, was passed by the senate on the 24th of the same month. Mr. Hampton was united in marriage with Angeline E., a daughter of D. Hail, of Franklin, Ken tucky, April 2, 1845, and they are the parents of six children, three of whom are living — David H., William E., and Durham V. In politics he is a republi can, but is not ultra radical on that sub ject. In the year 1855, Mr. Hampton became the editor and publisher of the HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 525 Macomb Enterprise, since which time, with the exception of five years, from 1860 to 1865, he has been engaged in the newspaper business, and is at this time, in company Avith his eldest son D. H., publishing the Illinois By-Stander, one of the best and cheapest papers in this part of the state. THE ILLINOIS GEANGEE. This paper was started by H. H. Stevens, at present the editor of the Col chester News, and E. A. Hail, under the firm name of Stevens & Hail, the for mer gentleman acting as editor. The initial number appeared September 2, 1873, as a seven-column folio, in which appeared the following salutatory : "It was the intention in the start to make this paper a semi-monthly and to get it published by Messrs. Hampton & Hainline. We knew it was not the thing we wanted, and only entered into this arrangement with the hope of being able soon to make it a weekly. "Mr. Eugene A. Hail, a practical printer, has recently associated himself with me in this enterprise, we have pur chased a press, and I am happy to state to my many friends and patrons that the Illinois Granger will be published, weekly from this, its birthday. "Mr. Hail will have charge of the office, and the exclusive control of the mechan ical part of the paper, and with his ex perience and skill, no fears need be en tertained as to its execution. I assume its editorial management and responsi bilities with no such assurance, but will promise to do the best I can with the phys ical strength and brains with which I am endowed. I want the farmers generally. and the Patrons of Husbandry particu larly, to realize that this is peculiarly their paper, and furnish us with local news, items, results of experiments on the farm, and such other items as will be of interest to their neighbors. "It is not our nature to be neutral and the Granger will therefore be inde pendent in cdl things and neutral in nothing. "While on the subject of independence, I cannot refrain from mentioning the fact that there exists but little of that article in the papers of this day, they are nearly all controlled by political party that supports them, and when they know of misdemeanors, malfeas ance, and even crime committed by an office holder, if he be one of their party, instead of giving the public a true statement of the facts, they endeavor to cover up, keep it mum, and if possible deceive the public into the belief that he is an honest man; while if he should be of the opposite party, all the facts in the case are so exaggerated that it would appear that the gallows were too good for him, and his most intimate friends would not recognize him. Unfortunately for our boasted freedom, this does not end with the press; but, on the con trary, is Avidely and too generally prac ticed in the churches, societies, and even among neighbors. We believe this whole system to be wrong; honesty is the basis . of" good government, good society, and is the only true scale by which individual worth can be esti mated. "The course of the Grarag^er will, there fore, be to uphold what we conceive to be right and to expose and condemn 526 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. that which we believe to be wrong, ir respective and independent of political party, church, society, friends or kin dred. "Hard fisted farmers, sun-burnt clod hoppers, dirty blacksmiths, smutty-faced coal haulers, country jakes, and labor ing meh generally, understand that this is your paper, come and see us; come with some local ucavs. come with $2; if you can't come, send." The paper was devoted to the interests of the laboring classes, and took strong ground against monopolies of all kinds, and advocated the organization of a new political party. It supported the anti- monopoly party, and contributed largely to the election of the candidates on that ticket in McDonough county that fall. The influence brought to bear against it was almost impossible to withstand, and men of less nerve and devotion to the cause would have given up the enter prise as utterly hopeless. Not knowing which of the tAvo old parties were being injured most by the new organization, it was bitterly opposed by the party organs of both. The secret order of the Patrons of Hus- bandry,or the Grange, was then attracting a great deal of attention in the county, and owing to a lack of knowledge on the part of the uninitiated as to the real object of the order, wrong impressions took deep root in the minds of the public, and more especially was this so with the various merchants, who had an idea that this order was hostile to their interests. The Granger defended this organization, and hence a prejudice among the merchants sprang up against it. The Granger, as before stated, took an active part in pol itics, and for this reason the belief that the order of Patrons of Husbandry was a political party becoming quite preva lent, a fact which was neither beneficial to the order, to the new party, or to the paper. The mistake in the selection of a name for the paper was discovered be fore it had completed its first volume, but it continued under that name until March, 1876, when it was discarded and that of MACOMB INDEPENDENT Was assumed, under which it continued permanently. There were many trying times in its history, but the darkest days of its existence were during the unset tled political condition of the country which foUowed the presidential election of 1876. On the 13th of December of this year, during the darkest hours of its darkness, Mr. Stevens bought Mr. Hail's interest in the paper, books and accounts — the presses, type and material of the office being equitably divided. Imme diately after this a healthful change set in. The inactivity which pervaded the ranks of the independent greenback party during the month and a half im mediately following the election was suc ceeded by activity, renewed life and vigor. "Organize for 1880" were the words of the national executive commit tee of the independent party, and it seemed to meet with a hearty response from the people. More money was paid on subscription to the Independent dur ing the two first weeks in January, 1877, than had been received from the day of election up to the first of the month. New hopes and new energies were be gotten, new names were enrolled, new HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 527 advertisements came in, and the success of the paper was assured. There being no ncAvspaper published at Colchester, Mr. Stevens concluded to move his paper to that enterprising town in August, 1880. The first issue of the CGLCHESTEE .INDEPENDENT appeared September 7th, of that year. He continued its publication until Aug ust 22, 1883, when it was leased by him him to V. L. Hampton, for a period of one year. A week before the expiration of the lease the paper was sold by Mr. Stevens to Lucien S. Eeid, who, a few days later, sold it to Mr. Hampton, who continued its publication. Being a strong republican in politics, Mr. Hampton did not deal in politics during his lease, but upon becoming owner he brought the paper out August 27, 1884, as an advo cate of the principles of the republican party, and during the exciting campaign of 1884 the paper was not slow in advo cating these principles. ' Beginning with Mr. Hampton's connection with the paper came a new era of prosperity for the Independent. The local news of Colchester and vicinity and the general news of the country were made the lead ing features ,of the paper, and at the end of the first year- the subscription list showed a net gain of 212. Upon the paper endorsing the republican faith, a large number of democratic subscrib ers withdrew their Support, but their places were taken with new names and the paper held its own until after the election in November, when it again began to gain. The Independent is the official paper of the city of Colchester. It receives a liberal support in advertis ing from the Colchester business men. It is a strong advocate of all enterpriees, both public and private, which are a, benefit to the town. As an illustration of what young men can do for them selves by their own individual exertions, we will call attention to the foUowing sketch of Van L. Hampton, editor and proprietor of the Colchester Independ ent. Van L. Hampton is a son of John and Leademia K. (Bowen) Hampton, both natives of Ohio, and was born in Ma comb, December 29, 1861. His early life was spent in Macomb, where his his father owned and operated a woolen factory. When our subject was 8 years old his father purchased and moved upon land adjoining Macomb, and en gaged in farming. Here Van lived until 19 years old, attending the Macomb public schools, and working on the farm during vacations and on Saturdays, ex cepting two years of the time, when he worked steadily on the farm. From early boyhood he had possessed a strong desire to become a printer, and accord ingly left home in 1880 and entered the Colchester Independent office, then owned by H. H. Stevens, for the pur pose of learning the trade. He remained with the Independent almost two years, becoming in that time so adept at the craft that he was tendered and accepted the position of foreman on the Blandins ville Democrat. Here he remained until June, 1882, when he returned to his home, determined to remain there and assume the heavy farm work which was fast becoming too much for the advanc ing age and poor health of his father. For the next 13 months he remained on 528 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. the farm. In August, 1883, he leased the Colchester Independent for one year, and at the- end of the lease he continued his connection with it by becoming owner. Although young and inexperi enced in the editorial management of a newspaper, Mr. Hampton's labors have proven successful. The Independent under his management has enjoyed a prosperity never before attained. In the first 18 months its subscription list increased over one-third, and other busi ness in proportion. Being a practical printer he works 10 hours each day in the composing roora, and attends to his edi torial and business duties after regular hours. As a local Avriter he ranks with the best in the county. Politically he is an ardent republican, and is not slow in advocating his political beliefs. He is unmarried, and belongs to no church or secret organization, except the Knights of Labor. As a citizen he. is public spirited and advocates publicly and privately everything having'a tendency to advance the interests of the commu nity. Mr. H. H. Stevens, one of the found ers of the Colchester Independent, in 1873, established a new journal at Col chester in 1885, which he christened THE NEWS. In the first issue of the News appears the following salutatory: " A custom dating back to the publica tion of the first newspaper in the United States, in 1704, seems to make it incum bent upon any one just beginning the publication of a newspaper, to briefly indicate in the flrst number and under the above heading what the new candi date for public patronage is going to be. I cheerfully conform to this time-hon ored custom. I shall endeavor to make this a valuable and desirable family newspaper; keeping its readers thor oughly well posted upon the current news of the day, and giving them a large amount of first-class reading mat ter, both original and selected. "It will be independent in all things and neutral in nothing. It shall, at all times, advocate such principles, meas ures and policies as I believe best calcu lated to promote the good of the people and country generally, and the city and county in which it is printed, especially. " Whatever it advocates, it wUl advo cate with all its might, and whatever it opposes, it will oppose with the same energy and in the same unmistakable manner. "I grew to manhood within a few miles of this city. Here I am known. Here, if anywhere, our abilities (if any we have) are known and appreciated. Here our faults and vices (if we have any) are knovm and charitably over looked. Here, then, if anywhere in the world, we ought to succeed. " Experience is a dear school, and it is said fools learn in no other. However, this maybe, is true that the most valu able lessons of our life were learned by experience. I think I know better how to conduct a newspaper now than I did when I gave up the Independent, which was founded by Mr. Hail and myself in 1873, and conducted by the writer for ten years. If this is really true, then The News will be a better paper than the In dependent ever was under our manage ment. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 529 " To sum it up in a few words, this paper shall be as good and Avorthy a journal as it is possible for the writer hereof to make it. Hoping to have all our old time friends and patrons and the readers of newspapers, generally, throughout the city and county, to call in and see us and become regular sub scribers and readers of The News. " I am with respect, your obedient ser vant." The initial numbers of the News ap peared January 23, 1885. It is a five column, eight page paper, independent in politics, and on the first page of which appears the following character istic motto: " Hew to the line; let the chips fall whither they may." The pa per is well filled with advertisements, is edited in a crisp and able manner, and betokens a successful career, such as Mr. Stevens will undoubtedly attain from a long and varied experience in the journalistic field. H. H. Stevens, the founder and editor of the News, is by birth a native of Indiana, having been born in Harrison county, that state, on the 1st day of April, 1836, but is almost a native of this county, his parents bringing him here in the fall of the same year in which he first saw the light. They settled on a farm on the banks of the Troublesome creek, about two miles south of Colches ter. Here the young Stevens grew to manhood, receiving such instruction as the early schools afforded. In 1856, when but 20 years of age, he, in com pany with T. B. McCormick and J. H. Adkinson, engaged in the mercantile business in Colchester. Owing to the financial crisis that then shook the whole country, in the winter of 1857, the firm failed and closed up. In the spring fol lowing, Mr. Stevens went overland, via Salt Lake, to California, and was there engaged in gold mining in Plumas county, until the breaking out of the war of the Eebellion, in 1861, when he en listed in company F, 5th California vol unteer infantry. This company was commanded by Captain J. H. Whitlock. Mr. Stevens was made first or orderly sergeant, and in a few months was com missioned 2d lieutenant, and shortly afterwards promoted to the rank of 1st lieutenant. He was breveted captain for distinguished gallantry in a battle with a band of Apache Indians, at Stein's Peak, in New Mexico, ,in which he was the only commissioned officer en gaged. At the expiration of the three years service, he was transferred to a veteran corps and retained in the service over two years longer, making his time of service in the army about five years and three months. In August, 1873, in company with E. H. Hail, he commenced the publication of the Illinois Granger, in the city of Macomb, but after a career of two years, Mr. Hail retired from the paper, and its name was changed to that of Macomb Independent, a history of which is given elsewhere. In 1880, Mr. Stevens removed the paper to Colches ter and changed its name to suit the new locality, still keeping the name of Inde- pendent. In August, 1883, he leased this office to V. L. Hampton, for a year, and at the expiration of that time, sold it to L. G. Eeid, who, in a few days thereafter, re-sold to Mr. Hampton. In January, 1885, he went to Chicago, and purchased an entire new outfit for an 530 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. office, and on the 23d of the same month, issued the first number of the News. MCDONOUGH DEMOGEAT. This paper was established at Bush nell in the summer of 1884, by Charles C. Chain and W. L. Kay, the former gentleman acting as editor. In the first issue, which appeared July 3, is found the following pointed remarks by way of a salutatory: "We make our bow and introduce our selves as the McDonough Democrat. "No apology is deemed necessary for our appearance. The field of journal ism is well occupied, but we imagine there is a vacant spot that the Democrat can occupy without trespassing upon the claims of others. While the paper will strive to represent the whole field of journalism, its especial object is to sup ply the rauch needed addition to demo cratic literature in McDonough county. As its name implies, it is democratic in politics in the strictest sense. How ever, it disclaims the rabid and offensive style of presenting political issues so un fortunately prevalent in political jour nalism. "The Democrcd -will be the only organ of democracy in Bushnell, and therefore asks the hearty support and co-operation of Bushnell democracy, and, while in a political sense, it will be a party organ, it will know no party in working for the moral, social and material advancement of Bushnell and the community at large; therefore, we feel free to ask the support of the entire comraunity. "The political tone of the Democrat will be more fully exemplified when our state and national conventions have placed the issues before us. Hoping to merit the best wishes and support of the public, we submit the paper with con fidence. "This is no experiment, we have come to stay." The Democrat was first issued as a seven coluran folio, but December 11, 1884, was changed to its present form, that of a five column quarto, to accom modate increasing patronage. The pro prietors are both young men of nervC and ability, and issue a neat paper, full of spicy local paragraphs and fluent editorial criticism. Charles C. Chain was born in Lewis- town, Fulton county, Illinois, on the llth of November, 1863. In AprU, 1871, he removed to Nebraska, but soon returned to his native state, locating near Cuba, Fulton county, on the 14th day of July, 1874, In June, 1880, he removed to Bushnell, in this county, where, in Sep tember of that year, he apprenticed him self to learn the "art preservative" in the office of the Gleaner, then under the editorial management and proprietorship of J. E. Cummings. Here he remained until in May, 1884, when the Gleaner of fice was destroyed by fire. On the 3d of July, 1885, he became editor of the Dem ocrcd. He is the son of W. H. and Ame lia H. Chain. His father is a native of Ohio, but who, at the age of 21, came to Illinois, and located at Lewiston. His inother, although born in Delaware county, Oliio, can almost call Illinois her native state, having been brought here while quite young, and had been raised at Cuba, Illinois. Mr. Chain, although quite a young man, shows promise of reaching a high point in his avocation. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 531 DAILY INDEPENDENT. In August, 1879, Mr. H. H. Stevens commenced the publication of a five-col umn paper of the above name, in connec tion with his weekly, the first issue ap pearing August 18. It was run until November 16, when it was discontinued. PEAIEIE CITY GHEONICLE. This was the name of the first paper published in the town of Prairie City, the first number of which bears date April 23, 1857. It was edited and pub lished by E.,W. Seaton, and was a seven- column folio, well printed, and an honor to the town, although its local news vvas very limited. The introductory shows that its editor was very sanguine of suc cess. In speaking of it's then limited circulation, he says: "Our circle at pres ent is small, like that of a pebble drop ped- in the ocean, but it will gradually and silently expand in every direction until it reaches the far-off boundaries of civilization." In about one year it ceased to exist, but its editor, like many more of the craft, had more grit than money, and deterrained on the establishment of an other sheet on its ruins; and accordingly in May, 1858, appeared the first number of the PEAIEIE CHIEF, A four-column quarto, and published in the interests of the Good Templars. It lived but a few weeks, the order not giving it sufficient patronage on which to exist, and having no. local news of any kind, the people of the toAvn in which it was published failed to render it any aid. Next appeared the PEAIEIE CHICKEN. Of the career of this paper, very little can be said, as no copy of it is accessible. However, it lived but a short time, and never amounted to much. PEAIEIE CITY HEEALD. The paper with the above name was instituted in 1870, by C. W. Taylor, in the town of Prairie City. It was a neat eight-column folio, and was noted for its excellent local columns, and spicy edi torials. For many years it was run by the originator and his brother H. B. Tay lor, who succeeded him. In 1882, it sus pended and was not revived. < Before the publication of the Herald was suspended, a new newspaper was launched, with the name of the PEAIEIE CITY BUGLE. O. G. Maury had just returned from the west, and, as he was a practical printer and an editor of experience, his father, John W. Maury, one of the early settlers of Prairie City, was anxious to have his son established at home in the pursuit of his chosen profession. Ac cordingly, he made overtures to the pro prietor of the Herald for the purchase of its good will and material. Being un able to obtain these at what he deemed a reasonable price, he decided to put in a new office for his son, and start anoth er paper. A short time before, the pub lication of the Knoxville Review had been suspended, and as the press and material were then lying in that town unused, he bought the outfit, and soon had it again put in shape, and all ready for the launching of the new craft. After some study he decided to call the new 532 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. paper the Bugle. On the 8th day of February, 1882, the first number appear ed, being a seven-column folio, with pat ent outside, and inside well filled with local news, and the name of O. G. Maury appearing at the mast head as editor and publisher. This young raan had learned his trade in the offices of the Prairie City Hercdd and Macomb Eagle, and had finally drifted into Nebraska. There, in company with J. H. Case (afterward a representative from Clay county in the Nebraska legislature), es tablished the Nuckolls county Inter- Ocean, at Nelson, Nebraska. This paper existed for nearly a year and half, when its proprietors gave up the venture "hav ing been convinced," as Mr. Maury aptly said "of the impossibility of pub lishing a seven-column newspaper in a one-column toAvn." For the three suc ceeding years, the proprietors labored at Fairfield, Nebraska, in the publica tion of the News. At the expiration of that time, Mr. Maury went to St. Joe, Missouri, and was engaged there as re porter. After a short time, he went to Elmer, Colorado, and, to use his own words, "in the highest altitude of any paper in the world, the Eagle spread its wings;" but although he was successful he longed to return to his Illinois home, and as a consequence, we find Mr. Maury, as before stated, at the helm of the Bugle, in Prairie City. In his saluta tory, Mr. Maury takes occasion to say: " 'With charity for all, and malice to ward none' and Avith our heart full of hope for the success and improvement of Prairie City, we enter upon the pub lication of the Bugle. When, in after years, a beautiful city shall be erected upon the present site of our town, when magnificent edifices shall be erected in the places of t-hose now fast falling to decay, when the vast fields of coal and resources for manufacturing shall be fully developed, then we shall receive our reward, and the name of the Bugle and its editor be placed on the list of those who have lived to carve their names in the history of Prairie City." The course of the paper was announced to be independent as regards politics. With the issue of March 1, 1882, the name of W. E. Lewis, (present city at torney of Prairie City), appears at the head of the editorial column as a part proprietor with Mr. Maury, and the issue of that date contained the an nouncement of the addition to the firm, and the continued publication of the paper by Maury & Lewis. The paper, under this management, continued to boora Prairie City, and did much toward directing the improvement and develop ment of the natural resources of the town. The last paper published by this firm was the issue of June 21, 1882, when Mr. C. D. Hendryx, a law asso ciate of Mr. Lewis, leased the interest of Mr. Maury. In the following issue, the latter appeared in a card, in which he bade farewell to the paper and the people of Prairie City, and spoke words of kindness for the new proprietors of the paper. He soon took his departure from the scene of his boyhood days, and finally obtained a situation on the Chi cago Times as a compositor, which he still holds. Mr. Hendryx also had a few words to say in this issue, over his signature, by way of introduction in his new field of labor. Mr. John W. Maury, HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 533 who had all along owned the material, sold the outfit to Hendryx & LcAris. The issue of December 6, 1882, appeared with a change of the form of the paper, its new size and shape being those of a five-column quarto, which, like its predecessor, was neat and tidy in ap pearance. On the 24th of May, 1883, the paper was enlarged to a six-column quarto. In July, 1883, Gardner Bolles and Milton Scott, of Macomb, leased the material, and, without announcement of change, continued the publication of the Bugle, until September, 1883, when it reverted to Hendryx & Lewis. The last issue of the Bugle appeared on the 28th of September, 1883. With the same material and press, Dr. C. H. Pearson took up the broken thread, and launched the Prairie City Transcript, the first number appearing on the 12th of October, 1883. It was a seven col umn folio, and appeared in its first num ber with 12 columns of displayed ad vertisements and several columns of local notices. The new publisher made very little display about the change in name or editor, having but one article in regard to new subscribers, and the following, which may be called a salu tatory: " Concerning the metamorphosis of Bugle to Transcript the process was as easy and natural as from cocoon to but terfly. Not that we arrogate to our selves the beauty and flight of that bright- winged object — although there is some butterfly to us bipeds of this office at meal time. A clean purchase, cash down, full possession, and the good wishes of the sellers. Isn't that nice?" The last number issued by Mr. Pearson was that of November 24, 1884. At this time Henry L. N. Miller leased the ma terial, and continued the publication of the paper, retaining the same name and form. The paper has always been inde pendent in politics. PEAIEIE CITY HEEALD. A new venture in the journalistic field was initiated in Prairie City in the spring of 1885, the first ntimber making its appearance on the 30th of April with the following salutatory, from the pen of Charles E. Keith, the editor: "It is a hard task to run a newspaper to please anybody, it is an utter impossibil ity to so conduct it as to please every body; for one mayhaps it is too indepen dent, and for another not independent "enough; to try to please all would be to please none, and we sincerely hope the honest efforts of the publisher to run a newspaper as acceptable, as the average, will counterpoise all omissions and com mission to which he is liable. The lo cal paper is the criterion by which to judge of a city's prosperity. We have never yet seen a dead town with a live newspaper, nor a worthless newspaper in a live town. The one is inconsistent with the other. "Where in all Christendom is there a town so abounding in natural resources, made up and surrounded by that sub stantial industrious element which in it self is prosperity? where is there a soil so fertile, a people so energetic, so de serving of a good newspaper, so capable of making it a good one, and so willing to lend their aid to that end, as that in Prairie City and the country tributary to it? It is with this knowledge, this 534 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. feeling, that we are prompted to return to Prairie City. " We do not come here to publish a newspaper individually and alone. It is not within the power of one individual to do so much, and rash to assume that he does. Bnt we come to lend our fee ble co-operation with the people in mak ing for Prairie City and for the territory about it that which it has so long needed and which it so richly deserves — a first- class newspaper. " There is no need to outline a policy, issue a proclamation of promises or enunciate a platform of principles, as a paper published by and for the people can pursue but one course and that for the interest of the people, for the good of the city, for the advancement of the country and for the fuller extension and better development of the legitimate field of which Prairie City is the center. "With this end in view, this object be fore us, we shall labor untiringly and un selfishly to perform our part of the task, feeling that with the increased prosper ity of others comes our own reward. " We have not come among you unso licited nor unwillingly. We need no in troduction, for it is the home of our child hood. We make no apology, for our bus iness is legitimate. We come not as a last resort nor accept the field in a "this- or-nothing" desperation; but in the midst of editorial duties on the Burling ton Hawlceye, we lay down the pencil of a salaried Avriter and pick up the burdens of a country publisher, because it brings us to the old haunts of younger days, to the scenes of that most joyous period of life, marked by the transition of child hood to youth, and because we know we are welcome and know we are wanted. " More than, a year since, a solicitation, unexpected and unsought, not of one but of many, found us out in tropical Flor ida. It was urgent and earnest, encour aging in its contents and complimentary by virtue of its request to "come back;" "come home." From then dates our ne gotiation for the only paper in Prairie City, which did not reach a conclusion until the first day of last April, when we bought the outfit and business, subject to a lease which was then upon the prop erty. Had the conditions of this lease been fulfilled or had there been a dispo sition on the part of the lessee to fulfill them we would not have possession of the office to-day, we could not had we so wished. To say that the lease has been terminated is to admit that there have been violations of its conditions. Not technical but gross, as all acquainted with the details will attest. "Now, that we are here, we are here for good; not for a day, nor a week, nor a year, but for life time; not as an adven turer nor a speculator who preys on the known liberality and leniency of the community, but as one who expects to remain while the brittle thread of life keeps wh(jle, and who trusts for support and patronage on the grounds of merit alone, and who will work with you and for you. "Friends, we rest our case." The paper started as an extremely neat, well gotten-up, six-column folio, but was shortly afterwards changed to a seven-column quarto. It is well and ably edited, Mr. Keith being a sharp and racy writer. HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 535 ' BLANDINSVILLE AEGUS. A paper with the above title was started in the town of Blandinsville, by George W. Smith, the former editor of the Macomb Independent, in 1857. This was the pioneer journal in this town. It did not last but a short time, when it was compelled to suspend, on account of a lack of patronage. For several years the place was without a journal of any kind, but about 1874 or '75, WiUiam BroAvn established a newspaper, which he called THE BLANDINSVILLE EEA, which run but about two years, when it ceased its existence. Of neither of these papers are any files accessible, and but little data can be obtained from which to give any history .of them' or their editors. In the faU of 1877, John G. Hammond established at Blandinsville THE MC DONOUGH DEMOCEAT. This sheet was, as its name implies, democratic in politics, and ably con ducted. For about two years it was kept up, when Mr. Hammond, being about to remove, with the office, it was purchased by a company of the citizens of that place, under the name of the Blandins-, ville Publishing Company. The follow ing notice appears in the columns of the paper, under date of November 13,, 1879; "With the present issue of this paper, begins the career of the McDonough Democrat, under the management of the BlandinsAalle Publishing Company — a corporation legally organized under the laws of the state of Illinois. When the fact became known that John G. Ham mond, former editor of this paper, had formed a copartnership with the Macomb Independent, and intended removing the office, with its appurtenances, Ma- combward,negotiations were comraenced at once, with a view to purchasing the entire outfit, and keeping the paper in this place. Terms were soon agreed upon, and Friday, the 7th day of No vember, the office becarae the property of the Blandinsville Publishing Com pany. The time was, probably, in the history of Blandinsville, when the need of a newspaper was not fully realized, but thattime has passed and gone; a new and different state of things pre vail. The people now believe, and know, that the press is one of the important factors of huraan progress, that it exerts a wide influence in favor of morals and good society. We are aware that the people of Blandinsville, and vicinity, have been disappointed more than once in the newspaper enterprise, in the years that are gone. More than once have they lent their assistance to set on foot a plan that would give them a home paper, but for many reasons, that could be mentioned, the enterprise would die out, and leave the town without a paper. There is one thing that can not be said of Blandinsville, and that is, she will not support a paper. The last two years have demonstrated to the contrary. The Democrat has been patronized liberally by the business men and citizens, irre spective of party, and the ex-editor, had he shaped matters properly, could have established a business, remunerative to himself, and an honor to the town. "It will the earnest endeavor of the managers of this paper to raake it, in every way, worthy of the patronage it 536 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. shall receive. While the paper will be democratic in its principles, it will, in politics (as in everything else), aim to pursue a straightforward course — pro mulgating nothing but sound doctrine, and advocating no principles, excfept those that will be for the best interest of the community, in which it circulates. In the first rank of progress, on the side of reform, law, and order, the Democrat will ever be found working zealously for the promotion of every cause that ren ders a community happy and prosper ous. We make no prediction concern ing the future of this paper. Its success Avill depend largely upon the support and encouragement it receives from an intelligent and liberal public. If you are interested in the growth and devel opment of your town and community, in moral, intellectual, and material pros perity, you Avill maintain your home paper. In conclusion, we would say that if you wish to see Blandinsville ad vance in all her interests — moral, social, and educational, and keep abreast with the civili^tion and progress of the 19th century, you will foster and contribute to the enterprise, under the cogoraen of the McDonough Democrat. The office was run by George S. Fuhr, as editor, for a time, when he finally be came proprietor. In the spring of 1882, Frank Fuhr purchased an interest in the paper which was carried on under the firm name of Fuhr Bros., until Oct ober 1, 1883, when George retired froin the firm, leaving Frank P., to continue at the helm. During the month of May or June, 1884, the editor saw fito change the politics and name of the paper, making it THE BLANDINSVILLE EEPUBLICAN in name and republican in politics. Throughout the campaign of 1884, it advocated the principles of that party, and continued so to do until in March. 1885, when it passed into the hands of Lucien Eeid, who changed its name to that of BLANDINSVILLE EEVIEW. In the issue of March 6, appears the following explanation of the retiring ed itor: " With this issue the BlandinsvUle Republican passes into democratic hands, who will change its name to Re view and its politics' to democratic. During the short administration of the Republivan we have been fearless in the advocacy of the principles of the repub lican party and all other things that in our judgment we considered right and just; and while we lay down the Repub lican, as the separation of a dear and true friend, we feel it a duty we owe to ourselves; and we are confident it is with greater zeal and with a, stronger desire to live and work in that party than ever before; for under its benign influence the nation awoke as from the dead and sprang forth into newness of life; and as the immortal Washington is regarded as the father of his country, so may the republican party be re.garded as its great builder; and we feel proud that for such a party, we have given at least a feeble effort, and thankful that we still have the privilege to extol its virtues. " In conclusion we thank our democra tic friends for their patronage during the time we were editing the Republican, HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 537 and shall ever regard them as true, manly men; especially do we thank our good republican friends for the noble manner in which they stood by us from the very birth of the Republican, and ask them to not deal with our successor as a portion of the democrats did with us, but in accordance Arith the great principles that have made and ever char acterized the republican party." Lucien Eeid, although a young man possesses ability and will make the pa per a success. In the opening number of the Revieio he says to his friends: " With this issue we begin the publi cation of the Blandinsville Review. As has been the custom for more than a century, it devolves on an editor to state in the flrst issue of his paper what will be the policy of the journal, we will fol low the beaten path in this one particu lar. ' " It shall be our earnest endeavor to keep the people posted on the local and general news of the day, devoting espec ial attention to that of our Arillage and vicinity. We believe a live local paper AriU be a benefit to the community, and to that end we shall devote most of our attention. We shall at all times advo cate anything which will tend to build up and strengthen our business relations. " Politically the Review is democratic, because we believe the party is to-day a party of progress and reform, and a party which is as free from corruption as is possible for any organization or body of men to become. We shall advocate these principles, asking all to give us a fair trial before condemning." Lucien S. Eeid, the present editor and publisher of the only paper in Blandins ville, is a McDonough county man, hav ing been born in Lamoine township, November 12, 1860. Early in life he evinced an interest in newspaper work, and seems well adapted for that branch of business. His parents were native Kentuckians, and came to this county about 1857, settling on a farm in La moine township. Lucien remained on the farm with his parents, assisting his father in the various occupations inci dent thereto, and attending to some ex tent the common schools until 1876. He then went to Galesburg "and spent two years in attendance at Knox college, re turning home in the spring of 1878. His next move was to Hiawatha, Kansas, where he began to learn the printer's trade in the office of the Kansas Herald. He there reraained 18 months, then went to Beatrice, Nebraska, and en-. gaged in work on the Courier of that place. The paper was a failure, finan cially, and after spending one year there he went to Omaha, and got employment in the job office of the Herald, where he remained for six months. Then re turning to Plymouth, Illinois, which place was the home of his parents, he soon joined Woods' Western Theatrical Company. The season of that company closing in the Septeraber next following, he joined the Nelson Dramatic Company and with them continued about tAvo months. In November, 1882,at Jefferson city, Wisconsin, he joined the McCready New York Theatre Company, and re mained with them until the close of their season, in April. He then went to Chicago, and worked at his trade in the office of Eand, McNally & Company until November, 1883. He then came 538 HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. to Colchester, in this county, where his father resided, having moved frora Ply mouth. In March, 1884, he went to Geneva Lake, Wisconsin, and worked on the News, of that place until June, when , a change having been made in the man agement of that paper, he returned to Colchester and was employed on the Independent, published by Van. L. Hampton, under lease from H. H. Stevens. The following August he bought the paper frorii Mr. Stevens, and before the lease expired sold it to Mr. Hampton, and continued to work there until March 1, 1885, when he bought the Blandinsville Republican, changed its name to Review and its politics to dem- . ocratic, and started out with the deter- "mmation to make it a good newspaper. The historian of the future will chron icle his success, or failure. The auspices seem favorable, and a proper apprecia tion of his efforts wtU make the Review one of the leading papers of the county. THE GOOD HOPE INDEX. A paper with the above heading made its appearance in the village of Good Hope, on the 29th of January, 1885. It is edited and published by H. J. Her- bertz, the subscription price being only one dollar per year. In the initial num ber, the editor makes the following re marks to his friends and the patrons of the paper : "With this issue we begin the publica tion of the Good Hope I-nd.cj-, and feel confident, at least, of financial success, which is one of the most essential fea tures of the business. We shall en deavor, from tirae to tirae, to give our readers all the local happenings that oc cur in Good Hope and vicinity, and shall also endeavor, through able correspond ents, to keep them posted on the local events that transpire in the neighboring towns. "To the business men of Good Hope, we Avish to say, we thank you for the liberal patronage you have extended to us, so far, in the way of advertisements, and the aid you have given us in getting subscribers, and sincerely trust you will reap a bountiful reward for your liber ality. In closing, we will say to our pa trons and readers, we shall use our most strenuous efforts to merit your patron age. In politics the Index wUl be neu tral." H. J.*Herbertz, the editor of the Good Hope Index, is a son of William and Margaret Herbertz, and was born June 10, 1857, at Keithsburg, Illinois. The following year his parents removed to Oquawka, Illinois, where his father soon after died. The subject of this sketch was educated in the public schools of Oquawka, and in the spring of 1872 entered the office of the Henderson County Journal, at Oquawka, to learn the printers' trade. He served about one year, then went to Monmouth and entered the employ of J. S. Clark & Son, publishers of the Atlas, with Avhom he remained about three years, after which he returned to Oquawka and commenced learning the cabinet makers' trade. He contiiiued the latter about two years when he concluded to abandon it and resume his former occupation, and ac cordingly began the publication of the Sentinel, at Avon, Fulton county, Illi nois, issuing the first number of that paper March 4, 1879. He continued ^j:M^^ 'i ^> p^ ¦% HISTOEY OF MoDONOUGH COUNTY. 541 editing the Sentinel one year, then on account of failing health, was obliged to give up business. He sold out his paper and spent a year in regaining his health Avith relatives at Oquawka. In the spring of 1881 he went to Tarkio, Mis souri. He was married July 12, 1881, to Miss Sadie Singleton, of Avon, and in January, 1882, removed to Avon, Fulton county. They haA^e one daughter, born September 8, 1882. Mr. Herbertz moved to Bushnell in May, 1884, and was there employed as compositor on the Demo- cr