in INDEX ARMORIAL EMBLAZONED MANUSCRIPT OF THE SURNAME OF FRENCH, FRANC, FRANCOIS, FRENE AND OTHERS, BOTH BRITISH AND FOREIGN, A. D. WELD FRENCH. BOSTON : PRIVATELY PRINTED. 1892. TWO HUNDRED COPIES PRIVATELY PRINTED, OF WHICH THIS IS NUMBER 93 T. R. Marvin & Son, Printers. 73 Federal St., Boston. INDEX ARMORIAL PREFACE. The surname of French, so identified with France, which affords considerable historical information in regard to the origin and change in its name. The modern France, under the Romans, was called Gallia or Gaul, and became Francia, or more strictly speaking, Francia Occidentalis or Latina, the land of the Salien Francs, in the latter part of the fifth century, A.D., when these Franci or Francs had permanently set tled there as rulers under King Chlodowig or Clovis of the Merovingian dynasty. In his reign Salic law was introduced into France, by which royal lands were made the reward of military service, so that possession under this law was in itself a title to nobility, and those holding Salic land were consequently Francs, the only freemen in the country. 4 PREFACE. These Franci or Francs were originally a confederacy of German tribes of the lower Rhine, " who were first mentioned in the year 241 A.D. by Roman soldiers, unless we give to Peutinger's Itinerary an earlier date than is probable ; these " soldiers of Aurelian had pre viously been on the north German frontier, and as they marched out of Rome on their way to the Persian war, they sang (Vopiscus in Aureliano) a rough barrack song: " Mille Sarmatas, mille Francos, semel et semel occidimus ; " Mille, mille, mille, mille, mille Persas quaeriraus." " Francus habet nomen a feritate sua," says Ermol- dus Nigellus ; " and the word carries the sense of boldness, defiance, freedom." And as it did not lend itself well to Latin verse-endings, and as its origin was late, we find the silver and leaden poets delighting to call the Francs, Sicambri, as in the famous speech of St. Remi, Archbishop of Rheims, in A.D. 496, when he baptized Chlodowig, and addressed him in these words: "Depone mitis colla, Sicamber, etc.," or per haps more presentable in its English translation : " Bow down thy neck, O Sicambrian, and pray to that which thou didst burn, and burn that to which thou didst formerly pray." "These are sufficient reasons to account for the silence of Caesar, Tacitus and Ptolemy as regards these Francs, though they speak of other tribes which INDEX ARMORIAL. 5 occupied the same districts in which afterwards we find the Francs." The name seems to have been adopted by certain Germanic tribes which had leagued together to fight for freedom ; hence the name of Franc as applied to France, in its social condition implied the free, as in its national signification it indicated the people. Passing from the early history of the name associa ted with a people and a country, we come to its appli cation as an individual and family name. It appears in old high German as Franco, in its Latin forms of Francus, Francensis and Franciscus, and in the dialect of Francia as Franc. These early examples in different languages, with the variations of Francigena, Francesius, Francon, Francesis, Fran9ois, Fran9ais, Franceis, Fraunceys, Fraunces, Fraunck, and Franx are the principal illustrations found among the ancient archives ; and at the period of anglicization in Great Britain, from many of these, the surname of French had its origin. As regards the period when surnames came into ex istence, the statement of a well-known antiquary of the past, win probably meet the approval of those more modern : "In the reign of Hugh Capet, at the end of the tenth century, surnames began to be used in France ; in England, at the Conquest." "In Scotland such names began to exist, as appears by the ' Inquisitio David, Principis Cumbrensis,' in the 6 PREFACE. early part of the twelfth century," But it was many years before surnames came into general use in Great Britain. An ancient instance in Normandy was that of Franc or Franco, Archbishop of Rouen, who arranged the conference of St. Clair-sur-Epte, in the year 912, be tween the Norman Hrolfr, or RoUo, the First Duke of Normandy, and Charles the Simple, King of France, In the following century are found, in French records, the names of Hugo Franco and Gualterius Francus. According to Guillaume de Tyr and Albert d'Aix, " the Chevalier Francon distinguished himself in the First Crusade, at the siege of Antioch, in 1098 ; he was among the company of Crusaders belonging to the army of Lorraine, under the command of Godefroi (de Bouillon) the Duke of that province, and he be longed to the town of Mechel, on the river Meuse, During the darkness of night some Turks scaled the wall of a remote and undefended tower in the hilly portion of the city of Antioch ; but a passer-by gave the alarm, which promptly brought to its rescue Henry de Hache with the young and brave chevaliers Francon and Siegmar, and in the encounter the Turks were an nihilated, at the cost of the lives of these brave cheva liers. Siegmar was kiUed defending his kinsman and fellow-townsman, the Chevalier Francon, who had fought valiantly, but had received a mortal wound," Normandy shows many of the name, and in this re spect the Cotentin is particularly interesting, Henry, INDEX ARMORIAL. 7 the son of WUliam the Conqueror, had the title of Earl of this district, and from it came many of the com panions of the Conqueror, some of them identified historically with the more northern counties of England. Among these hereafter mentioned, particularly associa ted with these surnames, were the Albenceios, Bruces, Foliots and the Valoines. The early Norman rolls, relating to the Cotentin, show in the years 1180 and 11 95, two of the surname of Franceis ; in the first roll, that of WiUielmus Franceis, in the roll of 1195, Rogerus de Franceis. The name, as well, is found in other districts of this province ; in the Bailiwick of the Bessin, in 1198, Willielmus Le Franceis and Osmo Lafranceise ; BaUiwick of Caen, in II 98, Matthew Le Franc, Hub't de La Franche, Ricardus, Willielmus and Arnoldus Le Franc, and in the year 1 1 95 among the contributors of the inhabitants of the city of Caen, towards the ransom of Richard Coeur de Lion, were Franco and Franconi. In the list of the crown debtors of the Bailiwick of the Oximin, for the year 1198, appear the names of Robertus and Johannes Le Franc, The Exchequer roll of the Bailiwick of Pont Audemer has, in the year 1 198, a Willielmus Le Franceis, and in the year 1203, WUlielmus Francus. In this last named year the name of Walter Le Franceis is found in the following record : " After the murder of Prince Arthur and the defec tion of Comte Robert of Sees, WiUiam de Fougeres, Juhel de Mayenne, and other Britons, were among the 8 PREFACE. first to declare themselves in opposition to King John, who thereupon issued his writ to the Seneschal of Normandy, dated at Sees, 27 Jan. 1203, command ing him to cause Walter Le Franceis (Francigena) to have, without delay, Hudimersnil with aU its appur tenances and chattels, which was belonging to WUliam de Fougeres, who is against us with Comte Robert of Sees." Galterus Franceis, in the year 12 10, held in Nor mandy, under King Philip the Second, of France, one- third of a knight's fee at ClevUle, Among those present at the assizes of Caen in 1 245 , was Henricus Fran9ois. John le Franc is mentioned in a confirmation charter of King Louis, in 1257, to a charter of Johannes Goceselin, burgess of Pont Arche, granting certain rights to Beate Marie de Bonupartu (Bonport) among which was some meadow land at SoteviUam, on one side of which was the meadow of John le Franc. In 1277 among the gifts to the monastery of Savei- gneio was one from John Le Franc, at Mathonem in the BaUiwick of Caen. At Paris, in the year 1278, King PhUip the Third gives to the Chapter of Bayeux land in several places, — that of WUliam le Francheis in Baiocas, in the Bailiwick of Caen, at a yearly rental, "The King to all people, etc. Know that we have given and granted to our dUigent Lord William Fraun ceys, Esquire, for his faithful services, the castle and INDEX ARMORIAL. g houses of Clinchamp, in the Earldom of Perche, which lately belonged to Baldevini de Turry, knight, together with all land, possessions, rents, profit, forfeiture, and all other advantages belonging to the said castle, and after him the said castle and houses, together with all the said advantages, are granted to the male heirs of his body. For this he shall annually give a sword, at the feast of Saint George, at the Castle of Caen ; and the said WiUiam, and his heirs, must always, at their own cost, be ready for service in time of war, and keep sufficient provisions in the castle for the soldiers. Given at ViUa de Bernay, the first day of June, 1418, by the King himself" In the description of the grant in a charter dated at Pont Arche the ist day of July, 1418, the king gives to Lord Thomas Andrew, for his lifetime, the villa of Harefleu, which belonged to Johannes Lefrie, the rebel, on one side of which was the hospicium of Radulphus de France. Mahiet Le Franchoys had conferred upon him, in the year 1419, the sergeantry of the wood, in the forest of Yang, on account of his guardianship of Belencombe, election of d'Arques, vacant by the death of William Le Franchoys. The parish of Canon, in the jurisdiction of the Castle of Falaise, is placed under the protection of Galfridus Le Franceys, Esquire, by order of the King, dated at " the royal Castle of Dalenson, in the royal Dukedom Normandy," 28 October, 1417-22, lO PREFACE. GuiUaume Franceys received from King Henry V, of England, the land of Clynchamp, upon the condition that he gave a sword, annually, at the feast of St, George, at Caen. Besides these rolls additional information is gathered from the cartulaires of certain abbeys of Normandy,' viz : Abbaye de Saint-Jean-de- Falaise in the Diocese de Seez , founded in the year 112'/. Robert de France and his wife Alix, daughter of Onfroy Le Chat, granted to Hamon d'Aneis the ruins and the mansion which are situated between the house of Samson Le Gagneur and that of the said Hamon. Without date. Alverede de Vesqueville and his wife Beatrix La Fran9aise, in 125 i, make a donation to the abbey of Falaise. Pierre de Pont-d'Ouilly, son of Pierre, Burgess of Falaise, granted the abbey of this town all the privileges he had in the fief, which Mathilda La Fran9aise held of him. William de France and Jean Le Commun discovered, in 137 1, a mistake in their account with the abbey of Saint-Jean-de-Falaise in regard to a house at Guibray, near the cemetery of I'Hotel-Dieu, Some acts in regard to fiefs, given at Guibray by the Abbey of Falaise, from 1410 to 141 7, to Jean Le Jour, Jean Le Roy, Henri Montcocq, Raoul Le Moine, Jeanne, widow of Jean Lanion, and to Pierre de France, I No complete examination has been made. INDEX ARMORIAL. \\ Abbaye d' Ardennes, Diocese de Bayeux. PetroniUe La Fran9aise, daughter of Foulques Le Frangais, grants to Ardennes, 1271, a rental to be taken at He- rouville. Robert de Trun, clerk, of Saint- Nicholas of Caen, with consent of his wife Egydie, granted to William Le Fran9ois the homage which Jean de Guemon had given the said Egydie, his wife, for a house, situated at Mathieu. The above charter of the year 1 290 was granted before the proper authorities of the parish of Mathone. The seal of Robert de Trun is attached to it. Prieure de Sainte- Barbe {en Auge), Diocese de Lisieux. The rental at Ouville, which was given to Sainte-Barbe, in 1290, by Raoul Le France, was con firmed by Troe, his wife. Richard Le Fran9ois, of QuetievUle, Esquire, granted to Sainte-Barbe, in 1277,3 rent for the service of the sacristy of the priory. Richard Le Fran9ois, Esquire, resigns to Sainte- Barbe, in 1283, the rights which he had to the field of Perche, situated in QuetieviUe, which Geoffroy Grente held of the monks of Sainte-Barbe. Abbaye de Barberie ou Berberie, Diocese de Bayeux. Roger Le Fran9ois gives to the abbey of Berberie, in 1250, a piece of land at Vieux-Frene. Evechi et Chapitre de Bayeux. Richard, called Le Fran9ois, clerk, and son of William Le Fran9ois of Bayeux, granted, in 1243, to \Mlliam Guerest, a piece 12 PREFACE. of land in the parish of Saint- Laurent-de-Bayeux for the service of homage, and other considerations. William Le Francheis, or Le Fran9ois, gives in 1257, to the Chapter a yearly rent for the repose of the soul of Robert Le Gamp, Prebendary of Bayeux, Nicolas, called Le Fran9ois, son of William Le Fran- 9ois, of Bayeux, granted in 1270, to the Chapter, a yearly rental, and other considerations, for the repose of the soul of Richard de Clermont, formerly the Pre bendary of Bayeux, Abbuye de Saint- Pierre- sur-Dives, Diocese de Seez. William, called Fran9ois, son of Richard Le Fran9ois, gave, in 1251, to the alms of Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives a yearly rent, which Geoffroy d'Aunon, son of Herve d'Aunon, owed him. Richard Le Fran9ois, of the parish of Boissey, acknowledged before the Viscount of Falaise, in 1381, that he owed the monks of Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives a certain rent, yearly, for the possession of the meadow, which is called the Bissons, in the grand meadow, situated at Boissey. Prieure du Plessis- Grimould, Diocese de Bayeux. — The parish of Montchavet. Robert de Beaumont, Count of Leicestre, gave to the priory of Plessis- Grimould, the church of Saint-Samson-de-Montchavet, with all the rights attached to the church of Saint- Evroult. This charter without date, probably twelfth century, not later than 1206, is witnessed by Nicolas de Gloz, Philip d'Aubigne, GuUlaume Chapelain, Andre INDEX ARMORIAL. 13 d'Ocannes, Lucas, clerk, Gautier Le Fran9ais and others, Abbaye de Troarn, Diocese de Bayeux. Confirmation of its foundation in the year 1068. Agnes, the wife of Michel Le Fran9ois, gave, with the consent of her husband, to the abbey of Troarn, all that she possessed in and near that town. Michel Le Fran9ois confirms by another charter, with out date, the preceding donation. Walter, Abbot of Saint-Jean-de-Falaise, and the canons of the said place, make an agreement with the abbey of Troarn, In regard to the donations which were made to the last mentioned abbey by Agnes, wife of Michel Le Frangois. Abbaye de Sainte -Trinite -de- Caen. WUliam, the Prior, and the prebendaries of the church of Saint-Jean- I'Evangeliste, of Legh, passed an act, in the year 1227, agreeing to give a yearly rental to Madame Jeaune, Abbess of Sainte-Trinite-de-Caen, for some pieces of land, situated at Felsted, which she had ceded to the said priory. This act was given in presence of Hugnes de Gybesworth, Henry de Kemeselt, Robert de Welles, Jean, son of Nicholas, Henry de Beauchamp, Richard Forestier, Roger de Ranlingherst, Richard de Plessis, Geoffroy de Flamundshey, Jehan de Horsted, Thomas, son of Osbert, GuiUaume Mortin, Robert Langlois, GuUlaume Le Fran9ois, Adam Glainville, Raoul le jeune, and others. Abbaye de Villers-Canivet, Diocese de Seez. Raoul Le Francois granted, in 1258, to the Abbey of Sainte- 14 PREFACE. Marie-de-Villers, a piece of land and rental to be taken at Lessart. Abbaye d' Ardennes, Diocese of Bayeux. Mathilde, called Fran9aise, gives, in 1252, to Stephanie, daughter of Robert Poutrel, a yearly rental to be taken from the parish of Fay. The earliest instances, thus far discovered in Great Britain, are recorded in the Domesday Survey, among which is a certain Franco, a Fidells of Robert de Albe marle, who is called, in the Dives Roll, Robert d'Aumale ; but Monsieur Magny, in his list, gives him the title of Comte. He was among the companions of William, Duke of Normandy, at the conquest of Eng land, holding Mideltone and many other manors in County Devon as tenant in capite under King William, as Franco held Teweberie under Robert de Albemarle. The sheriff of this same county, in the year 1 167-8, appears to have been Robert Franceis, and in the same year you find in Berkshire, Willielmus Francesius. A clerical member of the name appears in the Domesday Survey, in the one-hundredth of Derlnlau, Shropshire, where is found Franco, the Priest, who had as his Lord the Bishop of Hereford, In Yorkshire there are several entries in the Domes day Survey of a certain Franco, who held in Catefos, Biletone, Meretone, and Risun, all in the Wapentake of Gerlestre, as tenant in capite under Drogo de Bevrere, (La Beuvriere in the arrondissement of Beth- une, a short distance N. W. of Aumale, in Normandy,) INDEX ARMORIAL. 15 who held a vast estate in the part of Holderness, where he built a castle ; these lands came again into the possession of King William, who gave them to his half- sister Adelais, Countess Aumale. She was a widow before she married Odo, Count of Champagne, who in right of his wife became Lord of Aumale in Normandy, and he was, by King William's creation, about 1071, made Earl of Holderness. It is most probable that the first occurrence of the surname of Francais bearing a praenomen or baptismal name, found in published records relating to England, was in the county of York, between the years 1097 and iioi, and then in the personage of Robert Francais,' one of the few recorded knights of the second Robert de Brus, whose friendship with Earl David of Scotland at the court of King Henry the First of England, seems to have culminated soon after his accession to the Scottish Throne in 1 1 24, as King David the First,^ by the establishment of De Brus in the Annandale of Scotland, and his son, the third Robert de Brus, inher ited his Scotch possessions. Chalmer refers " to Robert de Brus obtaining the grant of Annandale," and goes on to state " as the 1 The record reads " Robertus de Brus, and three of his own knights, Roge rus de Rosel, Wydo de Lofthus and Robertus Francais." There was a Lordship o£ Rosel, in the Cotentin of Normandy. 2 Sir Robert de Brus is the first witness to a charter of Earl David of Scot land, to the church of Glasgow, at the period of its restoration and building ; in the foundation charter of Kelso; and he is again mentioned as the first witness after Bishop John of Glasgow, in two charters of King David the First, in the year 1126, the third year of his reign. 1 6 PREFACE. charters of King David established a tenure by the sword, we may easily suppose, that Bruce brought with him into the Annandale Knights and Yeomen from Yorkshire, as indeed might be shown by tracing to their source some respectable families in Dumfrieshire." The feudality existing in Yorkshire to which reference has already been made, the origin of the Bruces and Franceis in Normandy, the known fact that a WUliam Franceis was a witness of charters to the monks of Melrose in Scotland as early as the reign of King WUliam the Lyon, — these circumstances taken in con nection with later feudatory relations with the Bruces in the Annandale, strongly favor the opinion that one at least of the surname of Franceis may have been an early settler with the second Robert de Brus in the valley of the Annan. According to M. GervUle, Chateau d'Adam, the castle of the Bruces of Great Britain and Normandy was located in the Barony of Brix, of the Cotentin in Normandy, and was built about the middle of the 12th century by Adam de Brix,' Baron of Brix, who gave it that Christian name. The abbe Delamare refers to Adam de Brix' as the founder in the time of King Henry of England, of the church of St. Pierre de La Lutumiere, also called St. Jean, and M, L, de Pontaumont continues by recording I An Adam de Brus, son and heir of Robert de Brus, by wife Agnes, is mentioned in the year 1 119 in the Charter of Foundation of the Priory of Gyse- burne in the County of York. INDEX ARMORIAL. 17 St. Martin-le-Greard as belonging to the Barony of Brix, and that in the year 1 1 44 it was given by Adam de Brueys," Baron of Brix, to the abbots of the abbey of St. Sauveur-le-Vicomte in the Contentin, and that in this same year Adam de Brueys,' Baron de Brix, gave the church of Couville to this same abbey, and that Pierre de Bueys in the year 1155 confirmed this donation. Besides these names there seems to have been at an earlier period, on the authority of the Abbe Delamare several others of this surname in Normandy, identified with the Cotentin viz. Ralph, Roger, and Richard de Brix, who succeeded as bishops in succession as late as the year 1132 the famous Geoffroy de Montbray, Bishop and builder in the Cotentin of the Cathedral of Coutances. Delamare continues ; " Roger de Brix who held the see of Coutances for 13 years, was a widower"; Wil liam " his son, one brother and three nephews, attaches of Henry, King of England, perished " in the year 1 1 20 " off Barfleur in the Cotentin, in the famous shipwreck of the Nef Blanche.' Roger de Brix assisted at the council of Rouen in 11 18, at that of Reims in the following year, and died in 11 26," "His successor in the bishoprick was Richard de Brix." I See note on page 16. 2 King Henry the ist had confided to Fitz Stephen, the master of the " White Ship," his son Prince William, his natural son Richard, with his daughter the Countess of Perche and their suite, and all on board were lost, except a butcher, who alone remained to tell the tale. 1 8 PREFACE. From these records of Normandy and Great Britain we naturally come to the conclusion that the earlier Christian names borne by members of the family of Bruce, were Robert, William, Ralph, Roger, Richard, Adam and Pierre, and of these baptismal names, Roger, Richard and Pierre are found in an earlier account of Normandy, before they appeared in the records of this family in Great Britain, which indicates a desire to perpetuate In the latter country, the earlier names particularly associated with the Bruce family of Nor mandy. Among these Christian names, Robert, William and Roger were the earliest recorded names of those bearing the surname of Franceis, having recorded feu datory relations with the Bruces of Great Britain ; and in Scotland we also find, about the year 1200, one Adam Franceis, and at a later period most all the Lairds of Thornydykes in Scotland had Robert as their Christian name. This similarity of the earliest of these Christian names seems to give additional interest to the feudal relations of the Franceis with the Bruces, You find the record of the Franceis in the Cotentin at a somewhat later date than you find these few reminiscences of the Bruces ; and the rolls of the 1 2 th century, of this district, to which reference has already been made, show only two of this name, WiUiam and Roger Franceis, the same baptismal names as are found in the Annandale of Scotland after King John of England had lost the Duchy of Normandy, and then as feudatories of Robert de INDEX ARMORIAL. 19 Brus, as appears in the Scotch records circa 12 18, wherein it is stated " that Roger, son of William Franciscus, quit claims to Sir Robert de Brus, Lord of Annandale, land which the grantee held of him in the territory of Annan, for the excambion of land in the territory of Moffat, which William Franciscus, the grantee's father, formerly held of Sir Robert de Brus," M, GervUle further informs us that the Chateau of Brix was confiscated early in the 13th century, and that the reason of the confiscation was without doubt because most of the lords who owned the castles in Normandy were far better off in England, and so retained their more lucrative possessions in the latter country ; and thus we may account also for the Franceis apparently preferring to retain their possessions in Scotland under the Bruces. Among those holding by " veteri feofifamento " direct or by inheritance from the reign of Henry the First, according to the list of Knight- Fees, compiled in the fourteenth year of the reign of Henry the Second, were the following : Aluredus Franceys in Dorset held one-fifth of a knight's fee under Aluredus de Lincolnia, In WUtshire, Humfridus Francigena held under the Bishop of Salisbury and WiUielmus de Franceis in Northamptonshire under Robertus Foliot, whUe the Bishop of Chichester in Sussex had among his feofifers one of the name of Franceys. In the county of Hereford in the year 1167-8 Hugo de Lacy, Rudulphus de BaskervUle and Thoma s 20 PREFACE. del Franceis held each one knight's fee by " veteri feofifamento" under another Norman Baron, Adam de Port. Two oi the surnames of these knights are found again in a charter to the Church of St. John the Evangelist, at Brecknock, which place was particularly identified with Bernard de Newmarch; Milo Fitz Walter, the Earl of Hereford ; William de Braose and Rudulphus de BaskervUle : and In a charter to this church of John Picarde among the witnesses were Rudolphus de BaskervUle and Willielmus Francigena. As BaskervUle was kUled about the year 1194, the date of this charter must have been some time anterior to that period. Albertus Francigena, who had two knight's fees in the county of Norfolk under Willielmus de Albeneio, Lord of Bokenham and Chief Butler of his sovereign, is also found several times in the reign of King Henry the First, notably as a witness in the two foundation charters of the same Willielmi de Albeneio to the monastery of Wymondham in the county of Norfolk, and in one of these charters his brother Reginaldus Francigena appears as a witness. The name of Albertus Francigena appears again in two other charters, those of Peter de Valoines, a tenant in capite and nephew of King WUliam the Con queror, who held in Norfolk two knights' fees under the same Willielmi de Albeneio. One of these charters was a grant to the monastery of Binham INDEX ARMORIAL. 2 1 in the county of Norfolk about the year 1 104, and the other to the same monastery in 1 108. Apparently this same Albertus Francigena is found again, in connection with the grant at Stoke in the county of Suffolk, of Richard de Clare, II Earl of Clare, to the monks of Bee, whom he removed in 1 1 24, from the church of St. John the Baptist in the castle of Clare, to the village of Stoke in the same county. Robert Fitz Stephen de France, whose name is found in the Record of the Chancery of Ireland and also mentioned by Lower, seems to have been among the companions of a nephew and namesake of this Richard de Clare on his invasion of Ireland, about the year 1 1 70. Reference is here made to Richard de Clare, Earl of Pembroke, surnamed Strongbow, who died the 5th of April, 1 1 76. Another instance in the county of York, is that of Fulconi Franceis, whose name appears as a witness In one of the charters of Jordan Folioth to the Priory of Pontefract, This Jordan was the son of William de Folioth, an original donator to this Priory, as appears by the foundation charter of Robert de Lacy. Jordan Folioth held knights' fees in this same county under Henry de Lacy, younger son of aforesaid Robert de Lacy; the former had the honor of Pontefract, the ancient demesne of this family, restored to him by the Empress Maud. In another charter to this same Priory of Pontefract, of Ralph de Capricaria and Beatrice his sister, in the 22 PREFACE. time of the same Henry de Lacy, a Ricardo Franceis is found a witness. In a charter of liberation, to the abbey of Whiteby in Yorkshire, by Roger de Mowbray, nephew of Wil liam de Albeneio already named, Thoraldo Francigena appears as a witness. In the city of London in 1251, John Francigena or Francoys was Prebend of Holborn, Among the many donators to the abbey of St. Mary in Yorkshire, was William Fraunceis of Harpham in last named county, who gave one ox-gang of land at Harpham, Another grant to this same abbey, Robert de Manul or MaisnU gives the town of Myton, which was con firmed by his son Stephen de MaisnU, and among the witnesses is the name of Walter Fraunces, The abbey of Meaux in the Deanery of Holderness in Yorkshire, was founded in 1 1 5 1 by William Le Gros (grandson of Odo, Count of Champagne), Earl of Albemarle (Aumale) and Lord of Holderness, and in the chronicles of this abbey between the years 1235 and 1249, Robert Fraunceys appears among its bene factors. In the charter of liberation of Thomas de Hastynges, in the year 1256, of the mill of Crossby in Cumberland, to the abbey of Whiteby in Yorkshire, William de Franceys is found among the witnesses. Robert le Francois of Langele is found among the witnesses to a charter of confirmation of Henry de INDEX ARMORIAL. 23 Clinton, to the abbey of KenUworth in Warwickshire. He was a grandson of Geofifrej' de CUnton, the chamberlain and treasurer of King Henry the First, about the year 11 22, as well as the founder of this abbey, Johannes and Albinus Franceis were of the commit tee of the city of Worcester, which made a grant in 1235 to the Priory of Leominster and Reading, but chiefly to the former religious house. The name of Henrj' Fraunceys of Snypeston, is found among the Jurors on an Inquisition held at Bredon in 1302, after the death of Robert de TateshaU, the lawful patron of the Nunnery of Langley. near Bredon, in Leicestershire. Continuing the count)' records, beginning with the year 1198 in the reign of King Richard the First, and passing down through the reigTis of Kings John and Henry the Third to the year 1275 in the reign of King Edward the First of England, the surnames of Francus, Franceis, etc., are found in the records relating to aU the coast counties of England, commencing with Nor folk and continuing southerly and westward as far as Cornwall, inland in Herts, Middlesex, Surrej-, Berks, Wilts; they also appear in Somerset, Gloucester, and Oxford ; while in the midland counties the)- are dis covered in Bedford, Northampton, Warwick, Leicester, Stafford, Salop, Hereford and Worcester ; whUe north erly these names are recorded in Lincoln, York, \\'est- moreland and Cumberland. 24 PREFACE. Analyzing by counties the following results are obtained : — Bedford. 1199 Ricardus Franceis. 12 12/3 Willielmus le Franceis, Bedford and Somerset. iigg Robertus Franceis. Berks. 1 199 Johannes Franceis. Buckingham. 1 200/1 Willielmus le Franceis. 1203/4 Robertus le Franceis. 1254/5 Guido le Franceis. 1278/9 Prior John Franc. Chester. 1273/4 Gilbert le Fraunceys. Cornwall. 1 201 Adam Franceis. 1234/5 Nicholas Francigena. Cumberland. 1 23 1/3 John Francigena, Parson of Caldebec. 1 23 1/3 John Le Franceys, Parson of Caldebec. 1241 Johannes Le Fraunceys. 1254/5 Johannes Le Fraunceys. 1259 Gilbertus, son of Ricardus Le Franceys. 1264/5 Johannes Le Fraunceys. 1269/70 Gilbert le Franceys. 1275 Uctred Franciscus. Cumberland and Westmoreland. 1 241/3 Hugo Le Fraunceis. 1273/4 Gilbertus Le Fraunceys. INDEX ARMORIAL. 25 Derby. 121] 2,1^ Gilbertus le Fraunceys. 1274/5 Gilbertus le Fraunceys. 1275/6 Gilbertus le Fraunceys. Devon. 1201/2 Gilbertus Franc. 1267 Galfridus Fraunceys, wife Wimarca. 1274/5 Robertus le Franceis. 1274/5 Thomas le Franceys. 1274/5 Johannes le Franceys. Dorset. 1243/4 Willielmus Le Fraunceys. Dorset and Somerset. 1189/90 Ricardus le Franceis, mother Aslizea and daughters Rohesia and Azo. 1201/2 Adam Francigena. Essex. 1 194 Bartholomeus le Franceis. 1 197/8 Ricardus Le Franceis, wife Matilda. II 98 Willielmus Franco. 1 198 Ricardus le Franceis, wife Matilda. 1 199 Ricardus Franceis. 1273/4 Willielmus Franc. Gloucester. 1200 Willielmus Franceis. 1 201/2 Hugo Franceis. 1 2 19 Galfredus le Franceis, wife Christiana. 1275/6 Nicholas Franceys. Hants. 1207 Willielmus Franceis. 12 15 Walter Franceis, 26 PREFACE. Hants (continued^. 1226 Radulphus le Franceis. 1247 Thomas Le Fraunceys. ^'^TZlS Willielmus Fraunceys. Hereford. 1242/3 Rogerus and Johannes Franciscus. 1242/3 Henry Franciscus. 1255 Rogerus Le Fraunceys, wife Christiana. 1258 Johannes Le Fraunceys. Hertford. 1198 Willielmus Franceis. 1 199 Willielmus Franceis. 1274/5 Ricardus Fraunceys. Kent. 1 194 Simon le Franceis. 1 199 Gilbertus Franceis. 1 199 Johannes Franceis. 1210/11 Ricardus Franceis. 12 14 Ricardus le Franceis. 1258 Ricardus le Fraunceys. 1263 Thomas le Fraunceys. 1273/4 Ricum le Fraunceys. 1274/5 Johannes le Fraunceys. 1274/5 Martino Francisco. 1274/5 Thomas le Franceis. 1274/5 Hugo Franceis. 1274/5 Willielmus Franceys. 1275/6 Robertus le Franceys. Lancaster. 1272 Rogerus Le Fraunceys, wife Matilda. INDEX ARMORIAL. Leicester. 1 199 Stephanus Franc. 1275/6 Gilbertus Franceys. 1275/6 Osbertus Franceys. Lincoln. II 99 Willielmus Franceis. 12'j^le, Willielmus Frank. 1274/5 Radulphus le Franceis. 1275/6 Radulphus le Fraunceys. 1275/6 Willielmus Fraunck. Middlesex, London. 1200 Willielmus Franceis. 27 1 199 Reginaldus Francus. "99 Reineras Francus. 1199 Ricardus Francus. 1 199 Willielmus Francus. 1 199 Petrus le Franceis. 1200 Willielmus Francus. 1239 Hugo, son of Willielmus Francus. 125s Johannes le Franceys. 1274/S Ricardus le Franceys. 1274/5 Rogerus, son of Thomas Le Franceys. 1274/S Willielmus Le Franceys. 1274/5 Henry Le Fraunceys. 1274/5 Hugo Le Fraunceys. 1274/5 Ricardus Le Fraunceys. 1274/5 Willielmus Le Fraunceys. Northampton. 1 189/90 Willielmus le Franceis. 1 199 Eustachius Franceis. 1200 Johannes Franceis. 28 PREFACE. Northampton [continued). 1 201 Willielmus Le Franceis. 1234/5 Mathew de Franceys de Nova Castro. 1274/5 Robertus de Fraunceys. 1274/5 Willielmus Fraunceys. 1275/6 Willielmus Fraunceys. Northumberland. 1235/6 Mathew de Franceys de Nova Castro. 1255 Robertus le Franceys. Oxford, 1189/90 Robertus le Franceis. 1278/9 Walterus Franciscus. 1278/9 Galfridus le Frank. Salop. 1 194 Willielmus Franceis. 1205 to 1235 Rogerus Francigena. 1215 Willielmus Franceis. 1221 Robertus le Franceis, dead. 1250 Willielmus le Fraunceys. 1254 Willielmus le Fraunceys. 1254/s Ricardus le Franceys. 1254/5 Willielmus Francisco. 1255/6 Willielmus le Fraunceys. 1256 Willielmus, son of Willielmus Le Fraunceys. 1256 Rogerus le Fraunceys, wife Christiana. 1256 Willielmus Fraunceys. 1256 Thomas le Franceis. 1258 Margery, Juliana, and Alice, daughters of Willielmus le Franceis. 1260 Willielmus le Franceys. 1260 Willielmus, son of Willielmus le Franceys. 1272 Matilda, widow of Reginald de Fraunceys. INDEX ARMORIAL. 29 Salop {continued). 1272 Willielmus le Franceys. 1273/4 Johannes Franceys. 1273/4 Willielmus Franciscus. Somerset. Robertus Franceis. Johannes le Franceis. Robertus Franceis. Everard, son of Thomas le Franceis. 1275/6 Robertus le Fraunceys. Stafford. 1 1 89/90 Robertus le Franceis. 1198 Osbertus Franceis. 11991199 12011250 Suffolk. 1194 Walterus le Franceis. 1199 Willielmus Franceis. 1199 Ranulphus Franceis. 1200 Willielmus Franceis. 1224 Willielmus le Franceis, wife Leticia, 1255 Willielmus le Franceis. 1274/S Johannes le Franceis. 1274/5 Thomas le Franceys. Surrey. 1194 Willielmus and Rogerus Franceis. 1 199 Ricardus Franceis. 1199 Robertus Franceis. X200 Rogerus Franceis. Sussex. 1 1 99 Reginaldus Franceis. 1241/2 Gilbertus Franc, 1245 Willielmus Le Franceis, wife Juliana. 1274/5 Gilbertus Franke. 30 PREFACE. Warwick. 1 194 Alan, nephew of Robertus Franceis. 1 194 Christiana, wife of Robertus le Franceis. 1 194 Christiana, wife of Robertus Francigena. 1199 Hugo Franceis. Westmoreland. 1242 Johannes le Franceys. 1250 Johannes le Franceys. 1253 Johannes le Franceys. 1254 Johannes le Franceys. 1258 Johannes le Franceys. Wiltshire. 1189/90 Robertus le Franceis. 1189/90 Ricardus, Simon, Ernaldus, and Everardus Franceis. 1201/2 Robertus le Franceis. 1225/6 Robertus le Franceis. 1 241/2 Robertus le Frank. 1264/5 Rogerus le Franceys. 1268 Rogerus le Franceys. 1274/5 Willielmus Fraunceys. 1274/5 Walterus le Franke. Worcestershire. 1 27 1/2 John, son of John Le Fraunceys. Yorkshire. 1189/90 Umfridus le Franceis. 1205 Radulphus le Franceis. 1275/6 Walterus Franceys. 1275/6 Alanus le Franceys. 1275/6 Walterus Franceys. It is well now to take a rapid glance at the general published history of England, from the time of WUliam INDEX ARMORIAL. 31 the Conqueror downwards to about the end of the reign of Edward the First, during which period the Normans in England discontinued the use of the Nor man or French dialect. " For at least a century and a half after the conquest of England, there were two distinct peoples, the Anglo- Norman and the Anglo-Saxon, dwelling there. They were locally intermingled with each other, but they were not fellow countrymen. They held aloof from each other in social life, the one in haughty scorn, the other in sullen abhorrence. But when we study the period of the reigns of John, Henr)^ the Third, and Edward the First, we find Saxon and Norman blended together under a common name, and with the common rights of Englishmen." " From that time forth no part of the population of England looked on another part as foreigners ; all felt that they were one people, and that they jointly com posed one of the states of Christendom." "It was in this period, the 13th century, that our English language, such as it still is, became the mother tongue of every Englishman, whether of Norman or of Saxon origin, and according to Latham the earliest extant specimen of the English language, as contra- distingTiished from the Saxon and Semi-Saxon, is the proclamation of Henry the Third, to the people of Huntindownschiere, A. D. 1258." The anglicizing of the more modern surname of French, beg^n to take place in the latter part of the 32 PREFACE. 13th century, and it is possible earlier dates, other locations, and additional christian names might have been given in the following list, if the examinations had been more extended. However, a sufficient num ber of individuals of this name are recorded to prove its antiquity, in different parts of England. Beginning in Sussex at the south, it is found northerly associated with all the coast counties as far as Suffolk ; inland, to the westward, it appears in Northamptonshire, and on the Welsh frontier in the counties of Salop and Here ford ; while southward again, other records of the name are found in Wiltshire, Hampshire and county Surrey. Bedford. Year ¦ 1278/9 Essex. (< 1330 Hampshire. (< 1309/10 ti " 1327 Hereford. ti 1315 Kent. (t 1318/19 Northampton. (< 1313/14 u (£ 1322/3 Salop. U 1306/7 a (( u t< (( 1323/4 Surrey. (( 1328 Suffolk. " 1274/s Sussex. (( 1305 tc U 1311 " t( 1313 <( ii 1315 (( U 1319/20 Willielmus Frense. Miles le Frensch. Willielmus Frensh. Johannes le Freynch. Willielmus Frensh. Willielmus le Frenshe. Matilda la Frensshe. Robertus le Frenshe. Alicia le Frense. her heir Rogerus le Frense. Rogerus and Willielmus le Frenssh. Robertus le Frenche. Gilbertus le Freynsce. Robertus le Frensh. Thomas le Frensh. Johannes le Frensh. Robertus le Frensshe. Johannes le Frensh. INDEX ARMORIAL. 33 Robertus le Frensshe. Sussex, Year 1320 " 1322 " " 1330 Johannes le Frensh. Wiltshire, " 13 15 Johannes le Frensh. It will be observed in this collection of court armor, there are numerically two conspicuous classifications in Great Britain borne by the surname of French. Those bearing the wolf, which appears to have be longed to the more northern families, this figoire being apparently of local origin ; and the other bearing the dolphins, etc., and mainly confined to the more southern counties of England. The wolf is rarely to be found in Scotch armory, but in the Merse most of the leading ancient famUies carried wild animals or their heads. Near the Wolf- struther or Wolfmarch of this district were the Frenches, the association of this wild animal with their neighborhood evidently giving them a suitable terri torial cognizance ; and, at a later period, when they apparently changed their coat, they stiU retained the wolf, which may be considered as the principal figure of their paternal coat, as a crest. The Earl of Dunbar and March, whose armorial bearings were an argent lion rampant, surrounded by argent roses on a field gules, was the earliest recorded overlord of these Frenches ; and in the charter from Earl George, Robert French of Thornydykes is desig nated by that Earl as " clarissimus consanguineus noster." So it would have been more natural with 34 PREFACE. any change in their coat armor, to have differenced their coat from that of Dunbar their superior Lord, an ancient custom Ulustrated in this latter family by the coats of the Homes, Dundas, Edgar, Hepburn, etc. But the Frenches appear to have taken a different course in accordance with ancient usage, — that of assuming the arms of an heiress, (which was in exist ence before marshalling many coats on one shield,) the three boar's heads In tincture and metal, — the armorial bearings of their neighbors the Gordons, but duly differenced by the addition of the chevron, — which possibly implies an early marriage with that family. As regards the Frenches of England bearing the bend with dolphins, both particularly identified with France, they may be considered armorially of one family, and from the fact that the family of this surname in Ireland generally bore as a crest a dolphin, it has been considered that they were of the same origin ; yet still they may be quite dis tinct. Incidentally associated with this subject, it is weU to direct attention to a certain similarity between two coats in France and those of some of the Frenches in England. Reference is here made first to the coat of the Dauphin of St. Etienne, who bore az. on a bend or a dolphin gu. 2d, The coats belonging to the d'Aumales, (those of Flandre Fran9aise) bore d'azure trois bandes or; INDEX ARMORIAL. 35 those of Picardi d'azure a une bande de gueules chargee de trois besans d'or. In England the Foliots of Northamptonshire and Yorkshire bore gn. a bend arg., whUe in Count)' Nor folk the coat is differenced by changing the tincture of the bend to or. The coats of the De Frenes herein blazoned have an interest in connection with some coats of the Frenches, speciaUy with those of Ireland, from the fact that both Dalton and Burke claim a relationship between those families, and it has been said the) have an armorial connection. The Fleur de lis and Dolphin in heraldry were parti cularly identified with France, and from the fact that they were the principal armorial figures of their kings and that of their eldest sons the Dauphins, they were consequently rarely to be found in its general armory, except by special concession ; but in a foreign countr)- like England these emblems were more frequent, and both of these appear in the heraldic roUs of the latter country in the middle of the 13th centur)'. In France, the azure dolphin on a field or, appeared on the shield of Andre, comte d'Albon and dauphin of X'^iennois. The BurgTindian line of the Dauphins of Mennois ended in 1 28 1, on the death of Jean First, whose daughter Anne, Countess d'Albon had married in 1273, Humbert of the coUateral line of La Tour-du-Pin. who succeeded the late count as Humbert First : this house continued in the person of Jean Second, untU the death of his 36 PREFACE. successor Guigues Eighth in 1333, when it passed to his brother, Baron of Faucigny, who then succeeded as Humbert Second, Comte d'Albon and Dauphin of Viennois. He married Marie de Baux, daughter of Count d'Andria ; the sad fate of his infant son and only child, together with continued war with his relative and neighbor Amedee Sixth, the Count of Savoy, had such an influence upon him, that he finally retired from the world in 1349, taking the habit of Saint Dominique, having in this year confirmed the cession to Philip of Valois, King of France, of the important prov ince of Dauphine. Thereafter you find the eldest sons of the kings of France styling themselves Dauphins of Viennois and bearing the coat armour of that extensive province. This title was given to Charles his young grandson, son of John, Duke of Normandie, who in 1364 became King Charles the Fifth, Brydson states " that the first Troubadour was called the Dauphin or Knight of the Dolphin, because he bore this figure on his shield. In the person of one of his successors, the name became a title of sovereign dignity," It is possible this may refer to Robert Dauphin called Robert First, Comte de Clermont and Dauphin d'Auvergne, a descendant of Guignes Fourth, Dau phin of Viennois, who was born about the year 1234, and is mentioned among the patrons and practisers of the poetic art of the Troubadours. INDEX ARMORIAL. 37 Judging by the illustrations of Anderson, the Royal Seals and Coins of Scotland in the reign of Queen Mary, were particularly interesting with the associa tions of the Dolphins and Fleurs de lis, and armor ially they show an interesting historical page in the history of Queen Mary as well as that of the Dauphin Francis. In the year 1558, when Queen Mary of Scotland married Francis, Dauphin of France, she became Dauphiness of Viennois. Francis was heir apparent of the throne of France, succeeding his father King Henry the Second, as Francis the Second, King of France, on the loth July, 1559, at which time Queen Mary of Scotland was also Queen of France. Their reign was of but short duration, as Francis died 5th December, 1560. The first coin of Scotland now pre sented, is that bearing the' date of 1557, which shows on one side only the arms of Scotland, the same as on one of the Great Seals of Queen Mary. A charter dated at Paris in 1558 of Francis and Mary by the grace of God, King and Queen of Scotland, England and Ireland, Dauphin and Dauphiness of Viennois, etc., has on one side of the Royal Seal, the arms of alliance dimidiated, the sinister half removed, showing only two quarters: ist, the dolphin, the arms of the Dauphin; 3d, the arms of Scotland, those of Queen Mary, while on the sinister half of the shield were the arms of Scot land dimidiated, or the dexter bordure removed. On a coin of 1558 you find four pair of dolphins arranged 38 PREFACE. somewhat in the form of a cross ; on another at this same period, a shield per pale, the arms of the Dauphin of France on the dexter side, and those of Queen Mary on the sinister side of the escutcheon. In 1559 there is StiU another, the entire arms of alliance. Quarterly 1st and 4th, the arms of the Dauphin ; 2d and 3d, the arms of Queen Mary. One more, evidently of this or the following year, when Francis had become King of France. This shows quarterly: ist and 4th, the three fleurs de lis for France ; 2d and 3d, the arms of Scot land. On a coin of 1560 the arms of France are impaled with those of Scotland. Another coin of this same year deserves a passing notice. On the dexter half of the shield are the arms of France dimidiated ; on the sinister half, quarterly of four, ist and 4th, the arms of Scotland ; 2d and 3d grand quarters, quarterly quar tered, ist and 4th, France ; 2d and 3d, England. One of the Great Seals of Queen Mary shows : ist, the arms of France dimidiated, and the entire arms of Scotland on the sinister half of the shield. The same coat is found on a coin of 1562, the time of Queen Mary, during the reign of King Charles the Ninth of France. " In ancient days the younger sons of the Kings of France were not permitted to carry the arms of France with a brisure, but only allowed to make use of the tinctures of that kingdom, azure and or, in those figures which the younger sons of the King assumed on INDEX ARMORIAL. 39 account of their marriages, feus or appanages. One of the earliest illustrations of this custom was that of the ancient Dukes of Burgundy " (which line ended in 1361), who bore six bends of the Royal tinctures within a bordure gules." So it appears that the Fleur-de-lis, the Dolphin and Bend were among the earliest emblems of the Royal family of France. The bend or, so associated with the Royal family in ancient days, ap parently gave to the bend argent a greater notoriety because of its more general use, and for that reason was doubtless considered by the author of La Science Heroique generally emblematical of France. Even in Scotland according to an early authorit)', such French men as bore a bend, bore it argent to show their origin. This metal according to Playne was that of the cross which represented France at the Crusades, and in the Salle des Croisades at Versailles, the Grand Masters of the Order of Saint Jean de Jerusalem bore argent crosses on their shields. According to the Armorial General of France, pub lished in the 17th century, the surnames of de, des, du, and le Franc ; France and de France ; Fran9ois, des Francois and le Fran9ois, were pretty generally scat tered over the different provinces. As a matter of interest relating to some of these surnames, the records of France show that in 1350, the I " The second race of the Royal Dukes bore the ancient coat on the 2d and 3d quarters, and on the ist and 4th quarters, aznre semee of fleurs-de-lis within a bordure gobonated argent and gules for Burgundy modem." 40 PREFACE. year after Dauphine had come into the possession of the Royal family, the same year in which began the reign of King John of France, whose son Charles was the first Dauphin of the Royal line, Hughes de France received the patent of nobility. Eight years later, in the reign of the same King, Bertrand Defranche, a citizen of Montpellier in Languedoc, received a patent of nobUity. During this century his name is many times found recorded in the history of France, and he was among those taken prisoners at the battle of Cocherel in Normandie, in the year 1364. In 1363 Jean le Fran9ois, ancient master of the Chamber of the King of Navarre, received a patent of nobility, and in the following year the same honor was conferred upon Jacques de France. In 1378 King Charles the Fifth conferred upon Jean France, his counsellor at the bailliage of Orleans, and his family, the patent of nobUity. In 1404, in the reign of Charles the Sixth, the noble rank was conferred upon Jean Le Fran9ois, master of the Pantry of the King's uncle Jean, Duke of Berry, and in the same year d'Etienne le Fran9ois and his descendants became Francs in social condition. The accompanying armorial collection shows many locations of those bearing the surname of French in England, yet much additional information is still desired as to the names of the townships and counties in which they were located, as well as additional information about their coats of arms prior to the year 1650, INDEX ARMORIAL. 41 The writer suggests that such information be pub lished in "The Genealogist" or "The Notes and Queries " of London, or if more agreeable, they can be sent to the undersigned. A, D, WELD FRENCH. No. 160 State Street, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. BRITISH ARMORIAL. FRENCH. BRITISH ARMORIAL. CROSS. French. Arg. a cross triparted sa. French. Arg. a cross triparted and fretted sa. French. Sa. a cross triparted and fretted arg. SALTIRE. Franche (Franke). Thomas, Guisnes Pursuivant in the reign of King Richard the Third (1483- 1485), who incorporated the CoUege of Heralds ; ad vanced to Blue-mantle Pursuivant in the foUowing reign, that of King Henry the Seventh (1485- 1509). He died in office. He was probably a relation of Henry Ffranche, who was Comfort Pursuivant before becoming Blue-mande, from which position he was advanced, by the creation of King Edward the Fourth (1461-1483) in his favor (according to Lant) of the York Heraldship. Vert a saltire (St. Andrew's cross) invected or. French. Co. Worcester. Per saltire arg. and sa. a lion ramp, counterchanged. INDEX ARMORIAL. — FRENCH. 47 BEND. French. Sa. a bend arg. betw. two cotises indented or. BEND WITH DOLPHINS. French of Horneford, Co. Devon, Az, a bend betw. two dolphins embowed bendwise arg. French of Sharpham, parish of Ashprington (near Totness), Co. Devon, Sa. a bend betw. two dol phins haurient embowed arg. French of Counties Devon, Kent and Sussex. Sa. a bend between two dolphins embowed bendwise arg. French of Co. Kent. Sa. a bend arg. betw. two dol phins embowed bendwise or, French. Sa. a bend arg. betw. two dolphins naiant embowed or. Crest. In a crescent arg. a fleur-de-lis sa. French. Sa. a bend arg. betw. two dolphins haurient embowed or. INDEX ARMORIAL. — FRENCH. 49 French of Cranfield, looth of Dunmow, Co. Essex. Az. a bend or betw. two dolphins embowed bend wise arg. Crest. A crescent per pale arg. and or ; betw. the horns a fleur-de-lis per pale or and arg. French of Co. Essex. Gu. a bend or betw. two dol phins embowed bendwise arg. Crest. A crescent arg, ; betw. the horns a fleur- de-lis or. French of Stream, Chiddingly (near Lewes), Co, Sus sex, Gu. a bend betw, two dolphins embowed bendwise arg. French of Co. Sussex (on a hatchinent in Chiddingly church). Arg, a bend betw. two dolphins em bowed bendwise sa. French of Berkshire. A bend betw, two dolphins em bowed bendwise. French. Arg. two bendlets betw. as many dolphins embowed bendwise sa. French. Sa, a bendlet betw. three fishes haurient arg. two in chief and one in base. French. Sa. a bend betw. two barbels embowed bend wise arg. French of Co. Essex. Arg. a bend engraUed sa. betw. two birds gu. INDEX ARMORIAL. — FRENCH. 51 PER BEND SINISTER WITH LION. French of Pershore, Co. Worcester. Per bend sinis ter invected or and sa, a lion ramp, counterchanged. Crest. A fleur-de-lis sa. seeded or. French of Bellturbot, Co. Cavan, Ireland, Per bend sinister engrailed or and sa. a lion ramp. betw. two fleurs-de-lis counterchanged. Crest. A fleur-de-lis or charged with a trefoil vert. These arms were granted in Ireland July 26, 1682. FESS, Frenche, Arg, a fess engrailed gn. in chief a rose of the last. INDEX ARMORIAL. — FRENCH. 53 CHEVRON. Frenches of French Park, Roscommon, Ireland. Baron Defreyne. Arms, Ermine a chev. sa. Crest. A dolphin naiant embowed ppr. Supporters, Dexter, an ancient Irish warrior, habited, supporting in his dexter hand a battle- axe, head downward and bearing on his sinister arm a shield all ppr. ; sinister, a female figure ppr. vested and scarf flowing arg. Motto. Malo mori quam foedari.' Frenches of French Castle, Co. Galway, Ireland. Baron French. Arms. Ermine a chev. sa. Crest. A dolphin naiant embowed ppr. Supporters. Dexter, a falcon gu. armed, mem- bered, belled and wings inverted or ; sinister, a unicorn goi. armed, ungnled, crined and tufted or, holding in the mouth a rose branch with two red roses thereon. Motto, Mors potius macula. I "Anne of Bretagne, Queen of Charles VIH, and afterwards of Louis XII, adopted the ermine, the ancient hereditary device of her duchy, with the above motto, ' Better to die than be sullied,' or as the French render it, ' Plutot monrir que souiUer.' However, she more frequentl}- used the motto of the Breton Order of the Ermine, ' A ma vie.' " INDEX ARMORIAL. — FRENCH. 55 French of Monivea Castle, Co. Galway, Ireland. Erm. a chev. sa. Crest. A dolphin naiant embowed ppr. French of Cloonyquin, Co. Roscommon, Ireland. Erm. a chev. sa. Crest. A dolphin naiant ppr. French. Erm. a chev, gTi. Crest. A dolphin embowed ppr. This is proba bly an Irish Coat. INDEX ARMORIAL. — FRENCH. 57 FOXES. French of Cuskinney, Co. Cork, Ireland, Vert three foxes. Crest, A dolphin. Motto. Veritas vincit. WOLF. French. Per pale sa. and arg. a wolf salient counter- changed. French. Per pale sa. and az. a wolf salient arg. French. Per pale sa. and az. a wolf statant arg. French. Per pale sa. and az. a wolf passant arg. INDEX ARMORIAL.— FRENCH. 59 SCOTLAND. WOLF. French. Per pale sa. and arg. a wolf salient gu. BOAR'S HEADS. French of Thornydykes, Co. Berwick. Az. a chev. betw. three boar's heads erased or. Crest. A wolf passant.' Motto. Nee timeo, nee sperno. French. Az. a chev. engr. or betw. three boar's heads erased arg. French. Az. a chev. betw. three boar's heads . . . arg. French. Az. a chev. betw. three boar's heads couped arg. French of Frenchland, Parish of Moffat, Co. Dumfries. Az, a chev. betw. three boar's heads erased or. Crest. A fox^ passant. Motto. Nee timeo, nee sperno. I This crest is found in Nisbet's Genealogical collection, MS., at the Advocate s' Library. The tincture of the crest may have been originally gules, bnt accord ing to more modem usage it has been considered proper. 2 Sa given by Mr. Andrew Ross, Marchmont Herald and Mr. Francis J. Grant, Carrick Pursuivant, in their work of 1892. FRANCKE. INDEX ARMORIAL. — FRANCKE. 63 VARIOUS CHARGES, Francke of Grimsby, Co. Lincoln (temp. Richard 2d) and of Essex and Sussex. Arg. a bend engT". sa. betw. two cornish choughs ppr. Crest. On a staff raguly fessways or, a comish chough ppr. Francke, Arg. a bend dancettee sa. betw. two comish choughs ppr. Francke, Or a bend engrailed sa, ; in sinister chief a cornish chough ppr. Franke of Co. Essex. Arg, a bend engrailed sa, betw. two crows ppr. Franke of Co. Leicester. Az. a fess embattled erm. betw. two dexter arms vambraced arg. garnished or. Crest, Out of a mural crown or a dexter arm vambraced as in the arms, holding a falchion arg. hilt and pomel or. Granted by Thomas St. George, Feb. 6th, 1689. Franke. Vert a saltire or, Franks. (Wm.) of WoodhiU, Hatfield, Co, Hertford. Vert on a saltire or a torteau. Crest. On the tmnk of a tree ppr. a hawk of the last charged on the breast with a torteau. INDEX ARMORIAL. — FRANCKE. 65 Motto. Sic vos non vobis. Another of the surname and arms had for a crest, on the stump of a tree ppr. a falcon or. Franke or Prankish of AUingley, Co, York. Vert a saltire engrailed or. Same coat borne by Francke of Co. Derby and Co. Lincoln, also by Rev. E. Frank of Campsall, Co. York, the latter having as a crest, a falcon. Fr.\nck. Vert on a saltire engl. or a lion's head erased Crest. Out of a mural coronet or a lion's head gu. betw. two wings erminois. Franckes. Vert a saltire lozengy or. Francke. Vert a saltire fu silly or. Franke. Vair a saltire engl. or. Fr.\nk. John, of Bough tridge, Scotland. Vert on a saltire engl. arg. five fleurs-de-lis of the first. Crest. A lion salient, with tail forked ppr. langued gu. Motto. Non nobis nati. Franks. Moses, Teddington, Co. Middlesex. Arg. a bend betw. six lions ramp. sa. Crest. A stag's head erased ppr. Franke. Knighton, Co. York. Gu. three hawks close arg. beaked and belled or. FRANCOIS. INDEX ARMORIAL. — FRANCOIS. 69 VARIOUS CHARGES. Francois (France) . Or ten torteaux, on each a hawk's bell arg. Another, or ten crescents gn. on each a hawk's bell arg. Francois, Gu. a pale vair. Crest, On the stump of a tree shooting forth branches, a hawk, belled ppr. Francois. Erm, three bars sa. FRANCEIS. INDEX ARMORIAL. — FRANCEIS. 73 VARIOUS CHARGES, Francis. Sa. on a bend gn. cotised of the last, three owls or. Franceys. \'ert a fess or counterflor)- of fleurs-de-lis of the same. Francis or Fraunces. Per fess indented arg. and sa. three cocks, charged on the necks with two bars, all counterchanged. Francis. Erm. two bars sa. Fr-\ncies. Erm. three bars sa. Francis. Gu. a chev. erm. betw. three doves volant arg. Crest. A dove, in the beak an olive branch ppr. Motto. Insontes ut Columbae. Francis. Co. Suffolk. Gu. a chev. engraUed ermine betw. three pigeons rising arg. legged or. Francis. Gu. a chev. erm. betw. three pigeons volant arg. Fraunceys, Symond, Lord Mayor of London in 1342 and 1355. Gu. a saltire betw. four crosses cross- lets or. Francis of Norfolk bore the same coat as the last. Another, Az. a saltire betw. four crosses cross- lets or. INDEX ARMORIAL. — FRANCEIS. 75 Francis of Co. Derby and Co. Essex. Gu. a saltire betw. four crosses formee or. Francis, Co. Derby. Per bend or and sa. a lion ramp. counterchanged. Crest. An eagle disp. erm. beaked and mem- bered or. Granted May 4, 1577. Francis, Sir Edward, Co. Derby. Per bend sa. and or a lion ramp, counterchanged. Frances. Per bend az. and or a lion ramp, counter- changed. Francis, Co. Derby. Per bend az. and arg. a lion ramp. counterchanged. Francis of London and Colchester, Co. Essex. Per fess az. and or a lion ramp, counterchanged. Fraunceys, Sir Adam, Lord Mayor of London in 1352 and 1353. Per bend sinister sa. and or a lion ramp, counterchanged. Frances, Scotland. Arg. a chev. betw. three eagles displayed az. Crest. The stump of an oak shooting forth a branch from the sinister vert. Franceis, Fraunceis or Francis (of Foremark, Co. Derby, in 1360; Jane dau. and heiress of Wm. Frauncys of Foremark, Esq., mar. Sir Thomas Burdett, Bart. The Franceis of Coxliench were a younger branch of the Foremark famUy) . Arms.' Arg. a chev. betw. three eagles displ. gu. Crest. A falcon rising or, in Its beak a vine branch fructed ppr. I " The Topographer and Genealogist," vol. ist., p. 361, gives this coat as arg. a chev. gu. betw. three eagles displ. sa. INDEX ARMORIAL.— FRANCEIS. 77 Francis. Co. Stafford, had the same shield as above, but bore as a crest, out of a ducal coronet or a demi eagle displ. gn. — Another Frances bore the same shield, with the following crest ; an eagle, with wings endorsed or on a branch of grapes reflexed over his head, fructed ppr. leaved vert. Francis of Co. Derby and Cookmaines, Co. Hertford, arg. on a chev. wavy betw. three eagles displ. gu. as many estoiles of the first. Crest. On the trunk of a vine tree, fructed, an eagle, wings elevated, all ppr. Frances. Arg. a fess betw. three eagles displ. with two heads gu. Francis or Fraunces of Co. Derby. Arg, a chev. gu. betw. three eagles displ. sa. Francis. Gu. a chev. betw. three eagles displ. or. Frances. Arg. a chev. betw. three mullets goi. Fraunceis of Fraunceis court in Broad-Clist, Co. Devon, temp, Edward II, and subsequently of Combe Flory, Co, Somerset; one of the co-heirs mar, Prideaux, whose descendants bore the name of Fraunceis, and were represented by John Fraunceis Gwynn, of Forde Abbey, Esq. Arms. Arg. a chev, engT-. betw. three mullets gn. Francis of Co. Devon and Combe Flory, Co. Somerset. Arg. a chev. betw. three mullets gn. pierced of the field. Frances of Co. Somerset. Arg. a chev. engr. betw. three mullets pierced gu. INDEX ARMORIAL. — FRANCEIS. 79 Francise. Arg. a chev. engr. sa. betw. three mullets pierced gu. Francey. Arg. a chev. betw. three mullets sa, Frances. Robert, of Stane, Parish of Irvine, Ayrshire, Scotland. A mascle betw. three stars, Franceis. Erm. on a canton sa. a harp arg. Crest. A hand issuing from a cloud, seizing a stag by the horns, ppr. Francis. Sir John, Lord Mayor of London in 1400. Erm. on a canton sa. a harp arg. Frances. Erm. on a canton sa. a harp arg. stringed or. Franceys of Co. Derby. Erm. on a canton sa. a harp or. FRANCE. INDEX ARMORIAL. — FRANCE. 83 VARIOUS CHARGES. France of Scotland. Vert, a saltire arg. on a chief of three flieurs-de-lis az. Crest. Out of a mount an oak tree fructed ppr. France of Bostock Hall, Co. Chester. Arg. on a mount in base a hurst ppr. on a chief wavy az. three fleurs- de-lis or. Crest. A mount, thereon a hurst, as in the arms, from the centre tree a shield pendant g^. charged with a fleur-de-lis or, strap az. France, Thomas of Bostock Hall, Cheshire. Arg. a clump of trees ppr. in the centre of the branches a fleur-de-lis or, on a chief wavy az. three fleurs- de-lis of the third. FRENE. INDEX ARMORIAL. — FRENE. 87 VARIOUS CHARGES. Frenes of Herefordshire. Gu. two bendlets indented or. Frenes, Sire Walter de, Co, Hereford. Gu, two bend lets per bend indented or and az, counterchanged, Frenes, Sire Hugo de, Co. Hereford. Gu. two bend lets per bend indented arg. and az. counterchanged. Frene. Gu. two bendlets vair. Frene. Az. two bendlets engr. arg. Frenes, Sir Hugh de. Per bend az. and arg. two bend lets engr. counterchanged. Freynes. Az. three bendlets embattled counterem- battled or. Frene. Co. Hertford. Bendy of six az. and arg. Frenes. Co, Hertford. Bendy of six az. and or. Frenes, Sir Walter, Co, Hereford. Bendy of six or and ^. Freine. Gu. a fess indented, point in point arg. and az. Freine. Gu. two bars per fess indented, point in point or and az. Freyne, Rauf Gu. two bars per fess indented az. and or. Frene, Hue de. Gu. two bars per fess indented arg. and az. INDEX ARMORIAL.— FRENE. 89 Freine. Gu. two bars vair. Frene. Gu. three bars vaire arg. and sa. Frenye or Freyne. Erm. two bars gu. in chief a lion ramp, of the second. Frenye. Erm. four bars gn. in chief a lion ramp, of the second. This coat also given with a demi-lion. Fraynes of Ireland. Erm. two bars gu. in chief a demi-lion ramp, issuant from the last, armed and langued az. Freyne. Erm. two bars gemelles gu. in chief a demi- lion ramp, issuant of the last. Freine. Barry of six erm. and gu. on a chief of the second a buck's head or. Frigne, Sir Faulke. Vert a saltire or. Frene of Nene Sollers, Shropshire and Bower, Wor cestershire, temp. Edward III. Or a lion ramp. gu. within a bordure engl. sa. Freny or Frenny. Borford, Co. Stafford. Or a fleur- de-lis sa. Frenney of Ireland. Or a fleur-de-lis gu. within a bordure of the last. Freisnes. Az. a cross arg. betw. twelve fleurs-de-lis or. FOREIGN ARMORIAL. FRANC. INDEX ARMORIAL. — FRANC. 93 VARIOUS CHARGES. Le Franc of Artois. Vert a bend arg. Fran9oise de GresUlemont, widow of Antoine Le Fran9ois, sieur de Caurell, Montdidier in Picardie, in the i8th century bore Vert, on a bend arg. an annulet sable. Franc d'Anglure, Az. three bends sinister arg. (Fr. barres, in breadth more like the English scarpes) surmounted by a bend ^. De Francs of Maconnois. Az. a tierce arg. in bend sinister enhanced on the dexter chief side ; over all a cotise of the second (the latter given as a bend by one authority). Of this family were the lords of Essertaut, and from them descended the lords of Serrieres and those of La Salle. De Francs. Poitou, Touralne, Anjou and Maine. Arg. two bars (Fr. Fasces) az., and Sa. two bars arg. Le Franc. Picardie. Az. a chev. betw. two stars of five points in chief, and a hive In base or. Francke. Flandre. Arg. a saltire gu. betw. four leopard's heads of the last. Le Franc. Cambresis. Gu. two spears in saltire or. INDEX ARMORIAL.— FRANC. 95 Franc. Pays de Vaud. Quarterly, ist and 4th Arg. a tower gu. 2d and 3d Az. four lozenges arg. two and two. Franc. Province. Az. two towers or, on a chief of the last a cross treflee gu. Le Franc of Quercy. Az. a knight mounted on a galloping horse, brandishing a sabre, holding a shield, all arg. This family held in Quercy, the lordships of Lile, le Sart, Salvagnac, Thouron and Vindrac. Le Franc. Flandre Francaise. Or a lion ramp. sa. Du Francq. Picardie, originally Gascogne. Arg. three lions naissant sa. langued gu. Franck. Pays de Liege. Or a lion ramp, gu. Colas DE Francs. Orleans. Or a wild boar passant sa. under an oak tree vert, and on a mount in base of the second, some say vert. Franc. Province. Gu. a fleur-de-lis arg. Le Franc, ecuyer, sieur d'Argentel, generalite d'Alen- 9on in Normandie. Arg. three hearts gu. Le Franc, ecuyer, sieur de la Haye, Normandie. Arg. a fess az, betw. three hearts gu. De Neuchezes Des Francs. (Reuerend Euesque de Chalons.) Gu. nine mullets arg. three, three, and three. Francque. Hainaut. Gu. a lion ramp, or armed and langued az. surmounted by a bend vair. Franqueville. Normandie. Gu. a chief or. INDEX ARMORIAL. — FRANC. 97 Francon. Dauphine. Az. a chev. arg. betw. three sheaves or. Franchi. Genoa. Or a raven sa. Franchet de la Touche. Bretagne. Az. a lion ramp. or, langned gn. Another. Az. five fusils conjoined in fess or betw. eight bezants. Franchet. Franch-Comte. Az. a horse's head arg. langned gu. De Frencheviixe. Bretagne. Arg. on a chev. az. six billets pierced or. Franchon. Pays de Liege. Barry or and sa. sur mounted by a chaplet of leaves vert. Francieres. He de France. Arg. a bend sa. Francieres. Franche-Comte. Arg. an anchor cross sa. pierced with a square. Fransures. Picardie. Arg. a fess gn. charged with three bezants. Mathieu de Fransures mentioned in 1157. Villefr.\nche. BretagTie. Gu. a fess betw. three pUce's heads, all arg. two in chief and one in base . Le Clerc Franconville. Az. a chev. arg. betw. three roses gn. centres or.. Lanfr.\nci or Lanfranchy. Pise, Anvers. Party per fess gn. and arg. Lanfranco. Venise. Gu. an eagle arg, beaked and membered sa. FRANCE. INDEX ARMORIAL. — FRANCE. loi VARIOUS CHARGES, France. Bretagne, He de France. Barry arg. and az, the bars arg. charged with six fleurs-de-lis gn., three, two and one. De France de Noyelles. Artois. Bore the above coat. De France de Tregh\'. Flandre, Francaise. Barry pily or and vert. De France. Hainaut. Sa. a cross or. De France. Cambresis. Az. three crosses or. De France de Mandouls. Toulouse. Quarterly, ist and 4th Az. a tower or, surmounted by a spear's head arg., with open windows and door sa. 2d and 3d. Gu. a lion ramp. arg. : also given Arg. a lion ramp. gu. De France. Lorraine. Gu. a lion ramp, or holding a fleur-de-Us arg. De France de Landal, lord of Landal, Bretagne, of the same family as De Noyelle. Arg. three fleurs-de- lis gu. Guislain de France, homme d'armes des ordonnance du Roi Louis XI, son Jerome de France founded the branch of D'Hesecque, son Raulin de France the branch of De Monthier, established in Champagne. France. Cambresis. Az. three crescents or. FRANCOIS INDEX ARMORIAL. — FRANCOIS. 105 VARIOUS CHARGES. FRAN9OIS D'O de FrESNE AND DE MaILLEBOIS. Ermine a chief indented gu. FRAN901S. Bretagne, Arg. a pale gu. betw. two stars of five points az, LeFran90is, ecuyer, sieur de St, Germain-la- Plesse, etc., election de Pont I'Eveque, Normandie. Arg. two pales sa. a chief gu. (Fr. pals, smaller than our pale, more like the pallets) . LeFran90is. Normandie. Arg. five vergettes az. (a diminutive of a pale, in size between a pallet and endorse.) LeFran90is de Pommiere. Normandie. Az. five ver gettes arg. FRAN901S. Bugey. Arg. three bars vert. Nicholas Fran9ois seigneur des Allmes, living In 1354. FRAN901S. Lyonnais, Barry arg. and vert, FRAN901S. Lorraine. Gu, a chev. arg. In chief two leopard's heads or In base a mullet of the last. LeFran90is, Flandre, Francaise. Az. a cross or. LeFran90IS. Tournai. Az. an anchor cross or. LeFran90is de Sepmeries. Artois. Az. an anchor cross arg. betw. four stars of five points of the last . INDEX ARMORIAL.— FRANCOIS. 107 LeFran90IS, sieur de BUly, Normandie. Gu, on a cross arg, betw, four lions ramp, or, five scallops sa. LeFran90IS, sieur de la Mothe, election de Carentan , Manche, Normandie, Az. a small cross arg, betw. three lozenges or two in chief and one in base. DeFran90IS. Vivarais and Forez. Az. a saltire or on a chief arg. three stars of five points of the field. FRAN901S. Brabant. Gu. on a saltire arg. five hurts. FRAN901S. Province. Gu. five fusUs in saltire arg. LeFran90is de Molleville. Bretagne. Quarterly arg, and vert surmounted by a stag passant or. FRAN901S (Comtes) de Neufchateau. Lorraine. Vert a swan arg. in chief three ears (epis, prob. of wheat) or. LeFran90is de la Fruidiere. Bretagne. Quarterly or and az, surmounted by three cocks in pale sa. LeFran90is de Manual, Arg. three cocks sa. DuFran90is. Savoie and He de France, Or a fleur- de-lis sa. LeFran90IS, ecuyer, sieur des Manois and La Chesnaye , Normandie, Az, three swans arg, FRAN901S, Artois, Arg. a bunch of grapes vert. FRENE. INDEX ARMORIAL. — FRENE. i j i VARIOUS CHARGES, DuFrene. Or an ash tree vert. Frain. Comtes de la ViUegontier, Bretagne. Az. a chev. arg. betw. two ox's heads or In chief and a cross of the last in base. Frain. Anjou, Maine. Az. three g^rbs or. DuFresne, ecuyer, sieur du Bois, election de Bayeux, Normandie. Vert a chief dancette or charged with three torteaux. DuFresne, ecuyer, seigneur de la RouUliere, election d'Argentan, Normandie. Az. a fess arg. betw. three horseshoes traversed or. DuFresne de Virel. Bretagrie and Maine. Arg. a fess vert betw. three ash leaves of the last. DuFresne, sieur de la Vallee, election d'Avranches, Normandie. Arg. a lion ramp. gn. armed, langned and crowned or. DuFresne. Normandie. Or a lion ramp. gn. Fresnes. Artois. Arg. a lion ramp. sa. DuFresne. Artois and Champagne. Arg. a lion ramp. sa. within a bordure embattled of the last. DuFresne de Kerlan. Bretagne. Or an ash tree erased vert. INDEX ARMORIAL. — FRENE. \ 1 3 DuFresne. Picardie. Bore the above coat. DuFresne. Normandie. Gu. three roundles ermine two and one. DuFresne, Baron de I'Empire, France, Arg, a chev , gu, betw. three stars of five points az. Fresne le Chatel. French-Comte. Arg. a fess gu. betw. six ash leaves sa. DuFraisne. Bendy arg. and gu. Fresnay. Bretagne, Vair of four traits. Fresnay. Artois. Arg. a lion ramp sa. DuFresnay. Barons du Faouet. Bretagne, Vair of four traits, a crescent gu. De la Fresnaye. Paris. Gu. a pale arg. betw. six ash trees or. De la Fresnaye, ecuyer, sieur de St. Aigan (Aignan) generalite de Caen, Normandie. Gu. three ash trees or. Fresnaye, Vicomte de la, Bretagne. Arg. three ash branches vert. LaFresnaye. Anjou, Arg, two bars gu. with an orle of eight martlets of the last, three In chief, two in fess, and three In base. Fresnais de Levin. Bretagne. Or three ash branches vert. DeFresneis. Az. three bends (Fr, bandes), or, on a chief of the first a lion Issuant of the second, DeFresnoy, Bretagne. Vair of four traits, De la Fresnoye, Arg. a chev. betw. three martlets sa. two and one. INDEX ARMORIAL. — FRENE. 1 1 5 Fresnoye de Landrethun. Boutonnois and Picardie, Or an anchor cross gu. Fresnov. Artois. Arg. a cross az, on the first quarter or, a star of five points of the second. DuFresnoy. Picardie. Or a saltire sa. DuFresnoy. Bertin, He de France. Or on a saltire sa. five billets arg. Fresnov. Artois. Arg. a lion ramp. sa. DuFresnoy de Thun. Tournaisis. Arg. on a fess gu. three leopard's heads or. DuFresnoy sur Ferrieres. France. Ermine a fess gu. betw. three horse shoes or. Fresnois. Franche-Comte. Gu. a lion ramp. arg. Fresnel. Lorraine. Az. a pale arg. Another, Az. three bends arg. (Fr. bandes, more like the Eng lish bendlets) , on a chief of the first, a lion ramp. issuant or. Fresnel. Normandie. Gu. seven bezants, two, three and two. Fresnov. He de France. Ermine a lion ramp. gu. Frasnay. Nivernais. Az. three pales arg. (Fr. pals, more like the English pallets. Franay. Bourgogne. Bore the above coat. Frasnay. Nivernais. Paly arg. and az. Frasne. Franche-Comte. Per fess or and az. DuFraisne. France. Bendy arg. and gu. Lisle Fresne. Gu. a chief arg. 6100 ^j-«T';Ssif%;~