SML Bvn
212

YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

RYE'S NORFOLK HAND LISTS, Nq I

emams
in Norfolk

WITH
Addenda to No. I. as to
Scandinavian Names, Hundred Courts
and Mote Hills

BY
WALTER RYE

IRotwicb :
ROBERTS & Co.. TEN BELL LANE.
1916. '

ADDENDA TO No. I. ON
SCANDINAVIAN NAMES & HUNDRED COURTS.

Thanks to various subscribers to my first part, I am
able to add certain suggestions and additions to such part,
as under : —
p. 2, — Add after the personal name Balders, the place
name Balderswell or Bawdeswell.
p. 3.— Add to By :
Barnold byle Beck (Pat. Cal. Rolls, ii,, p. 269).
Add to Forth —
Horsford used to be called Horsforth.
I shall be glad if any one acquainted with other
Norfolk places now ending in ford will look up
aud see if they occur in early documents as forth.
I think I have seen Thursford written Thursforth,
Gay- Add these :
lyingey Close in Kenipston,
Wormegay and Wrongey,
p. 4. — Add to Haugh.
Banham Haugh.
Coltishall probably Coltishaugh.
Easthaugh or Eastoe.
Greenhawle, at Magdalen Chapel (temp, Ed. I.)
Add to Hoe.
Boyshowe Marsh (Pat. Rolls Cal. iv., p. 619),
Easthoe or Easthaugh.
B'arrow Haw by Ditchingham.
Marrow Hill with Barmer.
Scaleshowe Manor (Pat. Roll, Richard III.)
p. 5, — Add to Holm.
Asardesholni in Potter Heigham (Dug. Mon.
v., p. 70).
p. 6. Brotherholm Marsh in 1767.
Dritholm (Norf, Fines, No. 1313).
Earsham Church, which is said to be within
a Danish camp, may have been Earsholm.
I^ittle Holm near Methwold (Victoria History,
Norf., p. 297).
p. 7, — Add to Ness.
Another near Cromer ?
Rachness should be Rackness.

26 SCANDINAVIAN NAMES IN NORFOI.K.
p. 9. — Add to Thorpe.
Bausthorpe in hamlet of Attleborough (Blom,
Norf., i,, p, 526), ? same as
Banthorpe Hall near Flordon.
Battlethorpe near Stififkey (Bodleian Charter,
p. 185).
Burhthorp belonged to Carrow Abbey.
Bythesthorp near Mileham.
Fundalethorp (Norwich Deeds ii., p. 57).
Hidichethorpe (Blom. Norf i., p. 724).
Posthorpe should be Potthorpe,
p. 10.— ^Add to Toft.
Caltofts, old house in Redenhall.
Horningtoft. Humbletoft House, Gressenhall.
Toft Common near Westfield.
Toft Wood in East Dereham.
p. II, — Add to Wick.
Kenwick Hall near Clenchwarton.
Postwick by Yarmouth,
Add to Other probable Scandinavian
Names.
p. 12. Barrett Ringstead,
Mr. Hamon le Strange tells me that there is a
place called Ringstead in Copenhagen, where the
early Danish Kings were buried. Although
Barrett is a Scandinavian name, I do not think it
was associated with our Norfolk Ringstead in
early times.
Hammer Hill and Hamfer How, see
Hammerfest, in Denmark,
Thirkeleliard {see Rye's Family History).
The two rivers, the North River or Bure, and
the Wensum.
Wolveston ? once Rolferston.
Haggard Street in Horstead, now corrupted
into Heggatt.
Of material finds there are the Danish boat
which Sir Hugh Beevor told me he found in the
peat at Potter Heigham, and the alleged Danish
warrior in full armour, which is said to have
been silently filched away from Norfolk lately
by the Cambridge Society.

HUNDRED COURTS AND MOTE HII.LS. 27
HUNDRED HILLS.
The most fruitful result of the publication of my first
part is the discovery of llie site of the Hundred Hill of
Tunstead Hundred by Miss Christabel Hoare.
I had conjectured (p. 22) that the Swan Hill at Small-
burgh was very likely to have been the site, but Miss Hoare
wiites me " In searching the Giniinghani Manor Recouls at
Gunlon, I recently came across two presentments
which seem to fix its site in the pari.sli of Bradfield, on
the very extreme boundary of Tunstead and North
Erpingham Hundreds. This seems curious, hut uo
doubt you know of similar cases. I will give you tbe
extract verbatim, so that you can judge of its value.
[There are two exactly snnilar entries, the one dated
April, the other August, 1614].
The ('.iiiiiiijj;liaiii Inquest ainerct; " Rdiimnd
litirret Thoimis Cupuuni Wyllni Prymrose
[and many olheis] that [they] doe wrong
fully fetch wtliin their paiish of Antiiighaui
the couiou of Thorpe Called Oldfid heath
Contrary lo the decree mad in the Duchie
Camh [chamber] in II 8, Ihe coinoii in
llnuljiUI on the. Sonth syd of Tnnsted
llnndwd hill and al.so other .snirall grounds
in the same towne eashiurrd of the Si)id. hill,
we payne them no more so to do upon
payne of Xs of evey of Iheni."
" I have not had au oppuitunity to go to Bradfield
since coming across the above extract, but I have no
doubt that you would be able to identify the site of the
Hundred Hill, which I conjecture must have been
somewhere in the vicinity of Bradfield Church, which
you will remember stands on what may well be called
a hill in Norfolk ! The small patch of Common on
the Nortli of the road from Bradfield Church to
Swafield may well be the remnant of Bradfield Common
which as stated above lay East and South of the Hill,
and the rest of it probably stretched South of the
Church and away down towards the Barge Inn,"
I at once inspected the site and found a very respect
able little hill commanding a good vievvot the valley of the
Ant, as shown in the map on the next page.

28

MOTE HILLS IN NORFOLK.

HAND LIST OF REFERENCES
TO ALL PRINTED ACCOUNTS OF
ROMAN CAMPS & REMAINS
IN NORFOLK.

In Mr. Haverfield's excellent treatise in the Victoria
County History, he discards and disproves many alleged Roman
remains, but includes 136 instances referred to in the following
index which is chiefly to his work. The plain references
in brackets ( ) are to his treatise.
To these I think I may say I have added about 72
more. They are those to which I have prefixed an *. The new
places are Bayfield, Cranwich, Grimston, Walton, Warborougb
Hill, Warham Camp, Wereham.
I am glad to see that he shows that most of the alleged
maps of the Roman roads are purely conjectural, and are more
likely to mislead than to help the student. Recent investigators
like Mr. Tingey, Mr. Purdy, and the Rev. Dr. Astley | have not
only been more cautious in their statements, but have paid their
readers the compliment of giving their reasons for their
conclusions. Mr.W. G.Clarke doubts if the tumuli at Coltishall,
Ditchingham, Earsham, and Wighton, and the torques found at
Ashill, Foulsham, Foxley, and Heigham are Roman, and thinks
them earlier. I must take this opportunity of again thanking Mr. W. G.
Clarke, who is rapidly becoming the main-spring of Norfolk
antiquarian research, for many helpful suggestions and additions
to this list. I have also to thank Mr. F. Leney, of the Castle
Museum, for many corrections and additions.
Not being a specialist, but an indexer only of the subject
I will only point out what seems to me a very curious fact, viz.,
X Dr. Astley himself is not infallible, as when he speaks of the
Peddars Way begiunitig at Brancaster aud ending at Brandon.
("Memorials of Old Norfolk,", p. 85).

3o ROMAN CAMPS & REMAINS IN NORFOLK.
that starting up the Bure valley we find a very large proportion
of Roman finds or alleged finds, viz., at
Horning Rippon Hall North Walsham
Haynford Marsham Colby
Coltishall Oxnead Baconsthorpe
Hautbois Burgh-by-Aylshara Bessingham
Mayton Bridges Felmingham Wood Dalling
Buxton Scottow
The map given here shows on a reduced scale all the
sites of Roman or alleged Roman finds in the County, and adds
several not mentioned in Mr. Haverfield's map in the Victoria
C(.unty History of Norfolk. It has been compiled by Mr. D.
Payler, The most important are the sites at Burgh-by- Ay Isham,
the importance of which he does not seem to realise, and the
Roman villa at Grimston found since his work was published.
His map also omits, perhaps intentionally, to mark West Dereham,
Sahara Toney, Ovington, Carbrooke, and Mileham.
With his remarks as to alleged and conjectural Roman
roads I cannot agree too strongly ; the early guesswork maps are
most misleading. Personally I doubt all, except the main road
through Scole and Long Stratton, Tasburgh, and Caistor to
Norwich, and should rather think the main road north of
Norwich ran out the lines of the Holt Road to Burgh, though
there were probably bye-ways to the cluster of places oh the
upper Bure, which form the thickest and closest group of Roman
finds (11) in the County.
I cannot think that either the straight Peddars Way or
the equally straight west and east trackway which cuts the
Roman cemetery at Brampton and would seem to cross the
Peddars Way near Massingham were ever Roman roads in the
generally tecognised sense, and expect they were only straight
military trackways or guide ways. It will be noticed that the
few Roman finds near the Peddars Way are nearly all some distance
(iff it to the west, which makes it probable that Mr. Haverfield's
conjecture that the military road ran to Hunstanton and not
along the Peddars Way is correct.

©IRTH SmA
LATE
GERMAN OCEAN.

ROMAN CAMPS & REMAINS IN NORFOLK. 31
Again after leaving Oxnead, the Roman finds on the
west and east road are not on the direct road to Wayford Bridge
which is supposed to be its objective, but parallel with it and to
its south. This may be accounted for by the fact that the direct
line would at that time be covered by the wide waters of the
Broad country. Both of these trackways may in fact only have
served as guide ways and not for heavy traffic.
APPLETON. Coin of A7itoni7ius Pius {Blomefield viii., p.
331) and No? folk Tour.
\_It is a very cutious coincidence that Mr. Havei field,
who rightly pointed out that T had erred in the first
entt y of my former list of Roman antiquities, should
710W omit this which should have been the first entiy
in his owtt list .']
Ashill. Villa and pottery in a well (pp. 294-5), illustrated with
plan.
Mr. Haverfield considers that the remains at Saham
To7iey may be con7iected with these.
* Torque found here (Norf. Arch, v., p. 193 J and remains
at Highwood a7id Ashill (id. viii., p. 295 J.
Attleborouifh. Disc of burned clay with inscription.
Probably not Roman (p. 313).
Baconsthorpe. Possibly villa (p. 297). Hoard of coins
(p. 307). Brick at (p. 297).
See Miss Hogg's account in N. & N.A.S., ix, p. S5.
*Bacton. Gold Roman coi7i found at (Not/. Afchy. 1,
p. 193 J.
Bawdeswell Heath. See Spar ham.
^Bayfield. Um found at (Norwich Museum, No. 335).
Beachamwell. Hoard (1846), &c., Samian saucer (p. 313)
et loc cit.
Beeston Regis. Supposed traces of ironworkings (p. 313),
et loc cit.
Bergh Apton. Both Veuta Icenorum and Garianonum
have been located here, and Roman occupation asserted.
Now doubted (p. 313).

32 ROMAN CAMPS & REMAINS IN NORFOLK.
Bessingham. Pottery and bones found 1870 (p. 313),
et loc cit.
Bickerstone, Alleged Roman bricks ; " very doubtful ''
(p. 314), et loc cit.
Billingford. Alleged road and urns ; " very doubtful "
(p. 314).
Brampton, Samian ware and urns (Sir Thos. Browne's find
in 1667, p. 314, et loc cit.)
Dr. Turner's alleged finds here disproved.
Brancaster. Fourth century fort (p. 304), et seq. Plans,
coins, &c. Gold ring inscribed " Viva in Deo " (Norwich
Museum No. 403.)
* Fragments of pottery {NoT-wich Museum, No. 33).
Brandon. Bronze vase (p. 314). Mr. Clarke thinks this
the Suffolk Brando7i.
*Bressingham. Roman remains in (see Martin's Church
Notes).
Brettenham. Blomefield puts Combretomum here (1,
p. kkl) . M?: Haverfield makes no comme7it on it, and
it seems only one of Blomefield' s wild guesses.
Roman remains at (p. 314).
*A fish shaped bronze lamp figured in Proceedings of Pre
historic Society of East Anglia, v. i., p. 381.
Brundall. Dwellings, &c. (p. 297). Pottery, &c,
Mr. Haverfield does not mention the alleged Roman dock,
set out in Dr. Beverley's pamphlet.
BttCkenham [Ferry], Roman pottery found in making
railway, and see fST. Atchy. iv., p. 315.
*Mf. Haverfield's refere7ice to Harrod's alleged earthworks
{Noff. Arch, xi., p. 139) should be to New
Buckenham.
Burgh- As it may well be thought some of the Norfolk
place names eTtding with " burgh " may point to a
Roman occupation I append a list of them, and also of
the " boroughs." Some of the list, Tasbutgh and Small-
burgh, certainly have traces of Roman work {see also
Caistor).

ROMAN CAMPS & REMAINS IN NORFOLK. 3.3

Burgh Pa7-va
,, South
Dicklebu7gh
HappisburghHilborough
Ickburgh Micklehufgh Hill
Narborough

Oxbnrgh
Ry burgh
Smallburgh
Btirgh Comino7i,
Szvanton Morley
Tasbu7gh Wheat acre Burgh
Whiiiburgh

Albur-gh
« AldboroughAttleborough B aw burgh
Burgh by Ay Is ham
„ Apton
„ in Flegg
,, by Hi77.gha?n
Burgh or Boro'.
I Greenbo7o' Hill Ruberry Hill near Blake7iey
Ingleboro Hill Thh 7ibord Hill near Stockton
Muckleburgh Hill 7iear Warbofo' or Wclbu?y Hill,
Weybou7-7ie Stififkey
Burgh-by-Aylsham. Pottery ; " perhaps waifs from the
adjoining parish of Buxton " (p. 314).
Dawson Turner's urnfou7id at, 18Ji.5.
*Recent finds (Norf. Antiq. Mis. N.S. i., p. 103).
^Burgh St. Margaret. Alleged Roman site (Archa. xxxii.,
p. 364).
Buxton. Pottery on the edge of Brampton parish (p. 314).
[This is one of Sir Thomas Browne's finds].
\Co7ifusio7i has arisen by the great find at Stow Heath,
said to have been at Buxt07i, also see Rippon Hall\
Caistor-by-Norwich. Probable town at (p. 314). [Plan,
photograph, and full description, pp. 288-9, 290-3].
\_Roman bath] (.?) ill., p. 291.
*A gold torque was recently ploughed up at. Tom
Martin gives a very 7 ough sketch of the walls and
pla?is in his MSS. See also Ma7kshall, which is
only a mile ofi.
Caister-by-Yarmouth. "Perhaps village," (p. 293).
Roman find of coins, &c. (p. 294).
*Kil7i a7id urns {Norf. Archy. iv., p. 352).
Caldecot. "Romano-British burials alleged " (Norf Archy.
xii., p. 20).
Carbrooke. The "Roman" spearheads are pre- Roman
bronze (p. 314).
Carleton St. Peter. Hoard of coins (p. 314).

34 ROMAN CAMPS & REMAINS IN NORFOLK.
Castleacre. Haverfield doubts tor the i-easo7is he gives
(pp. 31Ij.-5j that the ea7thworks thought by Blomefield.
Bloom, and Fox to be Roman are so, and that the Roma7i
coi7is he 7ne7itions were fou7id there.
Castle Rising, haverfield also doubts {p. 31If) if the ear th-
u'orks called by Woodward a7id Harrod Roman are so,
and points out that the coin of Constantine 7efe7 7ed to by
Spelman was 07ily foic7id zw the neighbourhood.
Caston. Two hoards of coins found here in 1816 and 1820
(p. 315), and see Archeeologia, xx., p. 577.
CaWSton. Bronze coin found here 1728 (p. 315), quoting
Blomefield, vi., p. 268.
* Bronze or 71 ament found at (Norwich Museum, No. 439).
Cockley Cley. Third brass of Constantine (d. 315).
*Colby- Goddard fohnso7i, [2 pt.. No. 15), says that on Colby
Common, about ISlIj., a labourer foti7id a Roman urn
embedded in the marl, and used it as a pitcher till broken.
{MS. i7i Public Library).
Colney, The "Roman" potte7y in the nmseum is thought
by Mr. Haverfield not to be Roma7i But see Norf.
Archy. vi., p. 216.
Coltishall. Fibulae and coins found here (p. 316), et loc cit.
'* Earthwork mou7id on the hill between Coltishall and
Hautbois.
"^Cranwich. Roman mortarium found by W. G. Clarke.
Creake, North. Two ums with 2000 brasses of Constantine
(p. 316), <:/ loc cit.
Creake, South. Roman remai7is {Arch, xiv., p. IfJi-Jf).
Crownthorpe. Silver and thumb ring (p. 316) ; quoting
British Archseological Joarnal, vii., p. 159 and xi., p. 79.
Denver. Alleged fen walls and bronze statuette of Mars
(p. 316).
*Causeway mentioned by Dugdale opened {see Norf. Archy,
iii., p. 1^.25.
Dereham, West. Roman pottery and hand bricks (p. 316).
Diss. Coins near rectory (p. 316).
Ditchingham. Coins, hoards and urns (p. 316).
* Tumuli at {Norf. Arch, v., p. 361).

ROMAN CAMPS & REMAINS IN NORFOLK. 35
Do'Wnham Heath. Second brass coin in Norwich Museum
(p. 316) Mr. W. G, Clarke thinks ihis was found in
Suffolk.
Drayton. " Doubtful traces " (p. 316).
*Ro7na7i urns, &c. {Norf Arch., ii. p. odlf, iii. p. Ifl6,
and vi. p. 379).
*Dunbury Hills in Gillingham. Mr. R. Dashwood, the
present owner, tells me this should be Dunburgh, that
is a Roman locality.
Dunham. Pottery and coins, Roman tiles (?) and enamelled
brooch (p. 316).
^Dunston Hall. Two ums found at. Norf Tour {p. 7o£).
Earsham. '" Alleged pottery" (p. 316).
* Earthworks at (Norf. Arch, vi., p. 15If, a7id ix., p. tu ).
Roman urns at {Noff. Arch iv. No. 447, p. 313).
Easton. Large hoard (?) found in urn (p. 316).
* Pottery, etc. {Norf. A7rh. iv.,p 352), and see Xor-icich
Museum, No. Ifi'i-
Eaton by Norwich. Samian pottery before 1850 (p. 316).
*{Norf Arch, iv., p. 352).
*Urn found at {Norwich Museum, No. 336).
*Pottery with maker's stamp — Marceliis, 2nd century A .D.
{Norwich Museum, No. 367).
Eccles. " Roman coins alleged " (p. 316).
Edingthorpe. Urns found on heath (No7f. A7ch. Hi.,
p. 427).
Elmham, North. Mound (p. 396).
T. Martin says : Hoard of silver coins at, many Roman
silver {p. 316),- with buried urns, dfc, a qiia7itity.
Haverfield {p. 316) doubts Ror/ian coins, and thi7iks
the cemetery wholly post Roma7i. A fine urn illus
trated (p. 312). He (Have7field) thi7iks Br-itish
um, though it bears a Roman inscription, which he
thinks may have bee^i added.
* See many more impressions of Roman coins, sketches of
Ro7iia7i ashes in lachtyrnato/ies, urns and piles of
hypocaust, Tom Marti7i.
Emneth. Hoard ot coins near a supposed Roman road
(p. 317).

36 ROMAN CAMPS & REMAINS IN NORFOLK.
Felmingham. Hoard of bronzes and pottery (p. 307 and 317,
illustrated p. 309).
[7%M is the celeb7 ated find at Stow Heath, often miscalled
Buxton Heath.']
Much that was fou7id here has been removed to Small
burgh Hall by the fickling family.
Feltwell. Hoard of coins of early middle period (p. 317).
*Silver denarius of Sabina, found in 1874 ; now in the
possession of Mr. A. D. Euren.
Fincham. Coins found at (p. 317).
^'Foulsham, Torque found at {Norf. Arch, v., p. 193).
*Foxlcy. Gold torques fou7id at {Arch. Ass. fournal ii.,
p. 349).
Framingham. " Roman- tiles in Church." Requires con
firmation (p. 317).
Frenze or Fringe. "Perhaps villa" (p. 297-3); (a pave
ment broken up) p. 297). [See Archy. xxiii , p. 370].
*Gayton Thorpe, Tom Martin mentions what he calls a
Roman rvad with vallum (Norf. Arch, xvi., p. 219).
Geldeston. Interment near the Waveney (see figs, 29-30,
p. 318). Urn found in rebuilding chancel, now in British
Museum. " Mr. C. H. Read tells me it is not Roman."
'"Glass urti found at {Norf Arch, iv., p. 314), Norwich
Museum, No. 347. f^racelet found at {Exc. i., p. 19).
Gillingham. Roman coin (p. 318).
Glandford. See Bayfield.
''^Greenborough Hill [near Weyboume]. Roman pottery
at {Norf. Arch, iv,, p. 355).
''^Grimston. Roma7i villa discovered at, in 1905, by Dr.
Philip Laver, Colchester, and described by Henry Laver,
Esq., F.S.A. {Norf. Arch, xvi., p. 219, with views and
plates).
Happisburgh. Mr. Haverfield doubts the "Roman fort"
said to have been here (Archy. xxiii., p. 90, the conjectural
maps), and I agree with him,, except they are possible
as coming from Smallburgh.
Harling, East. Ums found in Church are mediaeval (p. 318).
'^A quern of Atedermendig lava, found here by W. G. Clarke
{Prehist. Soe. Trans., i., p. 490).

ROMAN CAMPS & REMAINS IN NORFOLK. 37
"^Hautbois. Roman tile in Church.
Haynford. Bronze statuette (fig. 31, p. 318).
Hedenham, Kiln and wasters, burial urn (p. 318). See
Norwich Museum, No. 348).
*Roman kiln at {Norf. Arch, vi., p. 149).
Heigham. Interments and urns (p. 318). Coins, etc.
(Norf Archy. vi,, p. 386),
Ringed torque at {Norf. Arch, vi., p. 215), urn at
{v.. p. 386).
*Roman lead (?) coffin at {Norf. Archy-., vi.. p. 213).
Hempnall. Burials east of Church ; " very doubtful if
Roman" (p. 318).
Remains of a Roman road {Arch, xxiii., p. 211). Ancient
cemetery {Norf. Arch, v., p. 49).
Hethersett. Bronze statuette of Hercules ; alleged Roman
road ; " very doubtful" (p. 318).
'^Hockwold. Roman urn with coins found at Blackdyke
{Prehist. Soe. Trans., i., p. 433).
Holkham. Alleged Roman remains at the Rabbit farm ;
" probably not Roman " (p. 318).
"^Horning Church, Broom Hill, near was supposed to be a
Roman camp {Norf. Arch, xi., p. 35).
Horningtoft. Alleged Roman earthworks and road ; " no
reason to think either Roman" (p. 318).
Horsey. Coin of Vespasian. An "urn probably not Roman"
(p. 318).
Howe. Gold coin of Nero. Brick and flanged tile in Church
wall (p. 318).
Hunstanton. Three Roman urns found 1879 (p. 318).
Ickburgh. " Talbot and Gale put Iciani here, others Sito-
magus." " No Roman remains have ever been found "
(p. 313).
*Tom Martin (vol. iii) says a large close, called Hall Close,
on the high ground has some aspect of a Roman forti
fication.
Ingoldisthorpe. Coins found (p. 318).

38 ROMAN CAMPS & REMAINS IN NORFOLK.
"^Kempston. Martin, vol. Hi., thinks the name derived from
camp, and says that on the summit of a hill are several large
intrenchments and hollow places much too wide to have
been used as a ditch.
*Ketteringham. Tumulus with Roman pottery on road
from Carlton to Hethersett. {Norf. Tour, p. 85).
Kimberley. Largish fibula (p. 318) See Norwich Museum
No. 421.
Kirby Cane. Kiln pottery, &c., (p. 318) at " Pewter Hill."
t Lakeuheath mentioned on p. 318 is in Suffolk not Norfolk.
Lynford. Ums found, 1720, 1735, and 1859 (p. 319).
Lyng. Pottery and coin (p. 319).
Lynn. Mr. Haverfield says that Richard's story that Catus
Decianus founded Lynn is an "old wild fancy " (p. 318).
*A coin of Hadrian found in cutting new channel of Ouse
{p. 318).
"^Markshall, near Caistor. Supposed Roman landing-
place {illus.), by Hf. D. Astley {Norf Anti. Mis. {N.S.),
i., p. 39). Burial urns {Arch, ex., viii., p. 436).
Marsham. Black um, &c. (p. 319), (Norf Antiq. iii., p. 418)
and other urns by the Roman road. This is Purdy's
Roman road.
*Mayton Bridge. Urns found at {Norf. Arch, ii., p. 426).
Melton Magna. Hoard found 1887. Alleged Roman
tiles in Church window splays " requires confirmation "
(p. 319).
Methwold, Roman dwelling (p. 297).
Mileham. Silver dish (illustrated, p. 310). Haverfield doubts
if the earthworks are Roman (p. 319).
Morley St. Botolph. Hoard of bronze coins (p. 3 1 9).
"^Narborough. Bones and armour found by Sir C, Spelman,
see Blomefield (vi., p. 148).
Narford. Haverfield (p. 319) would like more evidence "as
to alleged Roman bricks, and Sir Andrew Fountaine's
Roman vase of brass dug up in the Hall yard."
*Tom Martin saw it, and gives a sketch in vol. Hi., when
he calls it a brazen cantharus holdi7ig about a
Winchester qua7t.
* Roman remains found at Narford (Blomefield) vi., p. 236).

ROMAN CAMPS & REMAINS IN NORFOLK. 39
Newton by Castleacre. Roman coins (p. 319).
Northwold. Republican coin found at (p. 319).
Norwrich. (l) St. Augustine's Gates — Bronze lamp found
before 1760 (p. 319).
(2) Market Place & Dove Lane — Urns and coins
under Chamberlin's Warehouse, in 1852. (See Norwich
Museum, No. 370).
(3) London Street — Urns, &c., and said to be
Roman, in 1862. (Norf Archy. vi , p. 384).
(4) Near Cathedral — Pottery. (Also see Norf
Archy. xi , pp. 319, 365).
(5) Ber Street — Alleged Roman pottery (p. 319).
Urn, 1st century A.D. {Norwich Museum, No. 369).
(6) Thorpe Hamlet — Roman coins, &c.. in
grounds of the Rev. W. Frost. (Norf Archy. vii., p. 885).
(7) Thorpe Hamlet — Pottery in grounds of Mr.
Farrar Ransoii (p. 321). (Norwich Museum, Nos. 373-374).
To these instances of Roman occupation, given by Mr.
Haverfield, may be added {see also Eaton) —
*(I) The alleged Roman bridge at Fyebridge (see
Norf. Arch, xiii., p. 229).
*{2) Tfie coin of fulia, wife of Septimus Severus,
found at St. Leo7iards Priory in 1828. The
alleged naT^ow red bricks in some of the ruins
there and the ' Black Well," which has been
thought of Roman work.
*(5) Copper minim of Carinus, A.D. 283, recently
found at the "Nest" {see Norf. Anti. Mis.
{NS.),p. 95).
*{4) The recent pottery found in and near the
Castle Mound. See Mr. Tench's paper on
Norwich Castle Mound (Norf Archy. xvii.,
*(5) The coin of Antoninus Pius, A.D. I40 143,
found in St. Faith's Lane {Norwich Museum
Nos. 58-12).
*(6) Two Roma7i coi7is found in excavating Water
works {Norf. Anti. Mis., 2nd ser., ^. 98).
*(7) Cm found at Stone Hills, Dereham Road
{Norwich Museum, No. 371).
(8) Fibula found at St. Giles {Norwich Musemn
No. 424).

40 ROMAN CAMPS & REMAINS IN NORFOLK.
Ormesby. Hoard of alleged Roman small bronze ornaments
in the Fitch Room. (Norwich Museum, No. 447). "The
date of the objects is open to question " (p. 320).
Ovington. The alleged Roman camp and pottery doubted
by Mr. Haverfield (p, 320),
Martin gives plan of it, vol. iii.
*Roman urns at {Norf Archy. vii., p. 352).
Oxburgh. Roman coins, &c. (p. 320).
* T. Martin, vol. Hi., gives several sketches of spear heads
and celts, but these are clearly not Roma7i.
* Danes' graves, Roman remains {Norf. Tour, p. 650).
Oxnead. Roman hoard of coins in an urn here (p. 320).
[Probably part of the find of Sir Thomas Browne].
*A large brass of Antoninus found by me near the keeper's
bridge near the Hall.
Paston. Bronze disc found at. N.A.M. (N.S.), p. 102.
Pensthorpe. Romano-British finds at, 1837, 1849, and 1880.
N.A.M. (N.S.), pp. 79-81 (urn illustrated).
Poringland, Gold ring, &c. (pp. 311-320, illustrated p. 311).
Potter Heigham. " Many potsherds and mounds of wood
ashes "• (p. 320).
\jBut I expect it was a mediceval pottery which gave the
village its first name.]
Quidenham. Bronze coin found, 1723 (p. 320).
* Remains {Blom. Norf. i.,p. 337).
Redenhall. Roman pottery at Gawdy Hall (p. 320).
[Norf Arch, iv., p. 311.]
Reedham, "A permanent occupation here" (p. 298),
* Coins found {Norf. Arch, iv., p. 135). Alleged Roman
pharos {iv., p. 315).
Rippon Hall [Buxton]. (Norf. Arch, iii., p. 418. Roman
urn at (p. 320).
*" A plain Romano- Br'itish cup " fou7id here, also Ronia7i
urns found 071 Roman road crossing Aylsham turn
pike {see Norf. Arch. p. 418).
Rudham, East, "Alleged hoard of coins" (p. 320).
*/n 1799, Norf. lour {p. 553).

ROMAN CAMPS & REMAINS IN NORFOLK. 41
Saham Tony, Samian pottery and 3 pigs of lead, "assumed
to be Roman." " These remains may be connected with
the villa at Ashill " (p. 320).
*Roman flue at (Norf. Archy. vii., p. 349).
Salthouse " Broad." Pottery found at ; tumuli and
earthworks {p. 304).
This is on the North Coast and is not to be confused with
Salhouse Broad. I know of no authority to call the
coast locality a "broad."
Santon. Fragments of Castor and Upchurch ware found by
Mr. W. G. Clarke at eastern foot of Bromehill, not far
from Caldecote {Norf. Anti. Mis., 3rd ed., p. 98).
*A "Scandinavian" brooch found at, by Rev. W. Greenwell
{Suff. Arch. Trans., 1870).
* Denarius of Vespasian found at, by W. G Clarke.
Scole. Coins. &c. leaved ford at (?) (p. 320).
*Roman interments at, plate showing weapons and tools
{Prehistoric Soe. Trans, i, pp. 321-3).
*ScottoV7. Roman urn found at, in 1777, four hundred
yards from Scottow Hall. (Tom Martin's Note).
Sculthorpe. Samian pottery at (p. 320).
*Sedgeford. Pttrt of large glass bowl, human remains, sickle,
fragments of mortaria and Samian ware at (Prehistoric
Sac. Trans, ii., p. 56).
Shadwell. Ums, coins, &c. (p. 320).
Smallburgh. " The pottery, beads, &c,, found here are post
Roman " (p. 320).
The Roman pottery at presejit in the Hall was moved
herefrom Stow Heath.
*Snettisham. (Norf. Excursions, ii., p. 21f). " Romart
Chisels" (Hearne).
Southery. Roman vessels and coins (p. 321).
*Sparham. Tom Martin, vol. Hi., gives a plan of a place
abutting the Lynn Road on Bawdeswell Heath, where
certain bones were found, and refers to some old brazen
armour, which might have caused them to turn green.
Stalham. Roman pottery at (p. 321).

42 ROMAN CAMPS & REMAINS IN NORFOLK.
Stone, &C- Stone bridge, Wretham.
Sto7ie hill near Cromer.
Stone hills near Heigham.
Stonehouse Heath near Harling.
Some of these may relate to paved Roman roads.
Stow Heath The great barrow at. Mr. Haverfield
refers to this under Felmingham, (p. 307).
Stratton, Long. (Norf. Tour, p. 111). Ums, coins, &c.
(p. 321)
*A Roman Consular denarius found 10 years ago.
Stratton StrawleSS- Supposed to be a Roman street.
(Hearne).
SwafFham. Brooch or fibula, &c. (p. 321) [fig. No. 33].
"The bronze handle of a bucket, presented to thee British
Museum, by Greville Chester, seems to be a very late date
and probably a 5th century import." (Haverfield, p. 321).
Tasburgh. Martin says the Church itself stands on a
Roman fortification.
Some stupid people allege that the Church tower is a Roman
watch tower !
" The earthwork here is pre-Roman " (Haverfield
p. 321)
He however admits that the coin of some Antonine
Emperor was found inside it.
*\_He omits the find of skulls near the hall (see Norf. Ant.
Misc. (N.S.), p. 79). a7id other RomaJi finds the7e,
i7ichiding a coin of Hadrian (id.)
Tharston. " Coins of the lower Empire" (p. 321). "Perhaps
an error for Thurton."
Thetford. "Roman coins, recorded by Sir Thomas Browne,
Blomefield, and Tom Martin " (p. 321).
" The lamp alleged to have been found in 1827 under
the Red Mound (?) is said by the Curator of the Norwich
Museum to have been brought from Carthage and presented
by Stanley, Bishop of Norwich,"
*Roman coins found at (Eastern Counties Magazine i.,
p. 177).
Thorpe Hamlet (p. 321). See under Norwich,
Threxton. Samian and other pottery and Roman coin in
1857 (pp. 321-2). Key, figured (at p. 298).
*Uncut Roman gem found in a barrow (Norf Arch, iii., p. 122).

ROMAN CAMPS & REMAINS IN NORFOLK. 43
Thurton. Roman coins, presumably a hoard of " third brass "
(p. 322).
Upwell Fen. Hoard in two urns in 1837 (p. 322).
Walpole St. Andrew. Alleged aqueduct and bricks found
about 1725. "Needs confirmation very much" (Haver
field, p. 322).
Walsham, North. Roman remains found near (Archaeologi
cal Journal i., p. 381).
[ This may relate to the Felmingham find (see Felmingham
a7id Stow Heath)].
Walsingham, Old. The " Roman" urns here are English
(Haverfield, p. 322).
Walsoken. Two Roman coins found near the Roman bank
(p. 322).
Walton. Third brass of Caius (p. 322).
*Warborough or Warbury or Welbury Hill near
StifFkey. Alleged Roman camp at (Arch, xxiii.,
p. 363).
* Warham Camp. Roman remains found in 1914. {See
Reports on Earthworks, 1915).
Wayford Bridge. Lathe turned urns (p. 322).
*Roman stirrup found in bed of river Ant in 1905.
Wells. Hoard of bronze coins on shore (p. 322).
Welney. Engraved pewter dish and vessels found 1864 and
1863 (illustrated, p. 310).
Hoard of coins found 1718 (p. 322).
*Wereham. Patema found at {Norwich Museum, No. 378).
Weston. Hoard of coins (p. 322).
Wcybourne. Pottery and kiln at " Salthouse Broad" (p. 322)
Wheatacre Burgh [Burgh St. Peter]. Roman occupa
tion remains here doubted (p. 322).
Wighton. Coins here (p. 322).
*Crabb's Castle (ix., p. 206 ; Norf Tour, p. 615).
*Wilton. Coin of Heraclius and his son (Norf. Antiq, Hi.,
p. 376).
Witchingham. Roman remains.
*Font (?) or cister7i of stone (Tom Martin's Notes).

44 ROMAN CAMPS & REMAINS IN NORl'OLK.
Wood Dalling. Samian ware, coffin, &c, (p, 322),
*Wretham, West. Hoard of Roman coins in a pot,
full details f7-om " Norwich Mercury" of 1760. Roman
remai7ts (Martin's Church Notes).
Wymondham. Salmon conjectures this to be Sitomagus,
" but no Roman remains here " (p, 322).
^Yarmouth, Remarks on the Garianonum of the Romans,
by fohn Ives, 1774-
* Silver denarius of Antoninus A.D. 135-161 (Norwich
Museum, No. 103-151).

*

#

Since above was in type Mr. Clarke tells me a minim of
Constantine has just been found with a skeleton pt
Ickburgh and a large quantity of Roman pottery at
Snettisham.

Though it is by no means certain that the East to West
trackway across Norfolk on which I read a paper before the
Prehistoric Society on 23rd March, 1914, is Roman I have
thought it best to reprint such paper and its map (see p. 47).
A few years ago Mr. R. J. W. Purdy, of Foulsham, who is
one of our most observant local antiquaries (and to whom is also
due the investigation of the very interesting moated mound at
Burgh-by-Aylsham), informed me that there was a road called
by some a Roman road, and still traceable from East Gate
corner at Cawston across the main Norwich and Holt road,
about half-a-mile south of the tenth milestone from Norwich,
which is about 440 yards from the Woodrow Inn, and then runs
across the fields to a little south of the Botany Bay farmhouse,
and at an angle across Marsham Heath and the Burnt Plantation
practically to Allison Street, and so across the Cromer road
through the grounds of the Old Rectory, now known as Marsham
Hall. I must own to having been sceptical at first, but after
several visits, and after the ground of the Burnt Plantation had
been opened in several places, through the kindness of Mr.
Wood, the owner, I can no longer doubt that a perfectly straight
road or trackway could be traced for a trifle over a mile (shown
by double lines on Fig. 19). It only consists of a slight layer of
gravel and stones over the natural peaty soil, but it does exist

ROMAN CAMPS & REMAINS IN NORFOLK. 45
and is very marked, and the portion of it over the field opposite
Botany Bay, looking towards Booton, stood up till last year quite
clearly from the soil of the field, and the colour of the corn, etc,
grown over it was distinctly diflerent from that of the main crop
in the field. At sunset, too, one could see the little ridge quite
clearly, though it is fast being ploughed away.
The importance of the discovery of this straight base line of
over a mile is very great. Producing such line westward on the
Ordnance Map, we find that if there had been a road on that
line it would have run through the earthworks at North Elmham
and on to Old Lynn ; and if produced eastwards it would have
crossed the Cromer road just at the spot where the late Mr.
Goddard Johnson alleged a Roman road did cross it.
The line still further produced east would cut the Aylsham
road and the railway a little south of the spot at Brampton where
coins and urns were found when the railway cutting was being
made, and through the spot where Sir Thomas Browne found, in
1667, the urns which he describes in his " Urn Burial."
Still continuing the imaginary line east, it crosses the Bure
almost exactly at the spot where the present foot or keeper's
bridge stands, and where a Roman coin (a large brass of
Antoninus) has just been found, and so along south of Burgh
Mound (where we recently found Roman pottery) and south of
Stow Heath, where so many Roman remains were found, and
across the high street of Burgh near the church (where Goddard
Johnson said the Roman road crossed), towards Scottow and
Sloley, through Stoneyhills Plantation (a suggestive name), direct
to the so-called Roman Camp at Wayford Bridge.
There can be no imagination about the fact that the line
from Old Lynn to Wayford Bridge is an absolutely straight one,
and that there are still traces of a straight actual main road along
such line for a little over a mile in the middle of it, at and near
Marsham Heath, and that it cuts a Roman cemetery at Brampton.
Whether this straight line was in the remote past laid out
merely to form a guide from the West to the East is a matter to
consider, and it would be most interesting if the local members of
this Society would look up the actual line itself and see if they
can find out if there are any traces of Roman pottery, etc., on it.
I have just been told that an old inhabitant of Marsham was
told by his father that the trackway across the Burnt Plantation
to the Aylsham Road was in actual use before the Inclosure Act.
As for the eastern half of the suspected road, I rather
think that it did not follow the actual, or what I may term the

46 ROMAN CAMPS & REMAINS IN NORFOLK.
guide or laid-out line much further than Scottow, but that the
road ran more southerly, but exactly parallel with it through
Scottow churchyard till it crossed the North Walsham road a
few yards north of the Fairstead and the Three Horseshoes.
It is a most significant fact that at this spot there is still an
almost straight road, now called Anchor Street, which runs east
(parallel with my imaginary line) for a little over a mile (crossing
the East Norfolk rail) by Sloley Farm almost to the Union Work
house. There the present road to Smallburgh Hill angles off to
the north, but if the line of Anchor Street is produced west over
four fields we take up another straight piece of the ofd road which
I suspect to have been Roman. From this point it seems to me
that the Roman road ran round the edge of the great and then
impassable marsh, and passed by Toad's Green and Low Street
and the Manor House to Wayford Bridge and the Roman Camp.
Whether the great earthworks at Smallburgh Hall itself had
to do with an occupation camp there I leave to others. It is
certain that near the Manor House at Low Street Roman
remains have been found, and also querns near Smallburgh Hall.
(The fine Roman urns, etc., now at Smallburgh, are those found
on Mr. Postle's land at Stowheath just mentioned.)
If I am right that the Roman road ran through Scottow
Church, it would account for the Roman urn which was found,
in 1777, 400 yards from the front of Scottow Hall (Tom Martin's.
MS. Notes in my collection).

ROMAN CAMPS & REMAINS IN NORFOLK. 47

As I find I cannot satisfactorily finish No. IH.
of the First Series of my Norfolk Hand Lists, First
Series (which is to contain an account of Norfolk
Castles and Manor Houses) until 1 have compiled a
detailed index to four other works more or less
bearing on the subject, viz : —
Bryant's Norfolk (all published.)
Farrer's Church Heraldry.
Goddard Johnson's M.S. Church Notes.
Now in Public [Free] Library, Norwich.
Phillimore's Norfolk Marriage Registers.
I have now compiled such Index and propose
to issue it out of its turn as No. I of my 2nd Series.
It will be ready in about a month and can be
subscribed for at once. Price 1 s. and postage.
WALTER RYE.
Maixli, igi6.
N.B. — The other parts of the Second Series will probably be
Part II. (a) " A List of all Norfolk Church Lights,
Church Ales, Dances, and Guilds," and {h) " A
List of all Early Recumbent Monuments in
Norfolk," Part III. — " A List of Wayside Crosses, illus
trated by Tom Martin's Sketches of Crosses now
gone." Part IV. — " Early Norfolk Inscriptions in order
of date (not being brasses) before the Reformation."

Rye's Norfolk Hand Lists.
(Now preparing — to be issued by Subscription
.oj^Iy— 150 copies Is. Is. 2d. Post Free.)
No. 1.
((l) " References to all Scandinavian Place and Personal
Names in Norfolk."
(h) " References to all Mote and Hundred Hills in
Norfolk."
No. 2.
" References to all Printed Accounts of Roman Camps.'
and Remains in Norfolk.
No. 3.
"Castles and Manor Houses from the Conquest to the
present time." Being references to all printed
accounts of Norman, Mediaeval, Elizabethan and
Jacobean Castles and Manor Houses, in alphabeti
cal order with sub-references to them in order of
date or conjectured date, for the use of students
and for the purpose of comparing the types and so
affording the means of dating other and undescribed
houses.
No. 4.
A List of all Norwich Buildings (other than Churches,
Gate Houses and Walls) before 1600."
No. 5.
" A List of all Norfolk Fighting Men from the Norman
Period to the reign of Victoria, arranged in order of
date, with index of names."
No. 6.
" A List of all Armorial Bearings used in Norfolk before the
date ot the first Herald's Visitation."
No. 7.
" A rough Ordinary or Index to No. 6."
Obtainable from
W. HUNT, Bookseller, 14. Orford Place. Norwich,