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THE

BOOK OF FEKTH:

AN illustration OP THB

Ifiloral antr Ecclesiastical S^tatc
OP
SCOTLAND
BEFORE AND AFTER THE REFORMATION.
WITH
INTRODUCTION, OBSERVATIONS, AND NOTES,
BY
JOHN PARKER LAWSON, M.A.

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WILLIAM TURNBULL, ESQUIRE,
ADVOCATE,
SEOEETAEY TO THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUAEIES OP SCOTLAND,
HONOEAKY MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OP ANTIQUARIES
OF NBWOASTLE-UPON-TYNE,
FELLOW OF THE EOYAL SOCIETY OP NOETHEEN
ANTIQUAEIES OF COPENHAGEN,
&0. &C. &C.
THIS VOLUME,
IN TESTIMONY OF RESPECT AND ESTEEM,

RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED,
BT
THE EDITOR AND THE PUBLISHER.

CONTENTS.
PAOB
DEDICATION, v
INTRODUCTION, ix
THE DOMINICAN OR BLACK FRIARS' MONASTERY, 1
CHARTERS OP THE DOMINICAN MONASTERY, 5
LIST OP THE PRIORS, SUB-PRIORS, AND PRIARS OP THE DOMINICAN MONASTERY, 30
THE CARMELITE OR WHITE FRIARS' MONASTERY, 35
CHARTERS OP THE MONASTERY AT TULLILUM NEAR PERTH, POUNDED POR
THE WHITE PRIAKS, OR PRIARS OP THE ORDER OP THE BLESSED MARY
OP MOUNT OARMEL, 35
THE CARTHUSIAN MONASTERY OR CHARTERHOUSE, 40
CHARTERS OF THE "PRIOR ET CONVENTUS DOMUS VALLIS VIRTUTIS 0RDINI3
CARTHUSIENSIS, PKOPE BUROUM DE PERTH," OR "THE PRIOR AND CONVENT
OF THE HOUSE OP THE VALLEY OF VIRTUE OP THE CARTHUSIAN ORDER
NEAR THE BUBQH OF PERTH," 40
ABSTRACT OP THE RENTAL OP THE CHARTERHOUSE, 63
CHURCH OF ST JOHN THE BAPTIST AND ITS CHAPELS, 56
FOUNDATION CHARTERS OF THE ALTARS IN THE PARISH CHURCH OP ST JOHN
AND ITS CHAPELS, 60
OBITS IN ST JOHN THE BAPTIST'S CHURCH, 72
RENTAL OP THE OBITS, OE SUMS OP MONET PAID TO THE CHAPLAINS AND
CHORISTERS IN THE PARISH CHURCH OF PERTH, POR ANNIVERSART SER
VICES TO BE PERFORMED FOR THE DEAD, 72
RELIGIOUS HOUSES AND CHAPELS IN PERTH, 75
THE REFORMATION IN PERTH, 82
THE DEMOLITION OF THE MONASTERIES, 92
THB CONTRAST, 121
EXTRACTS FROM THE KIRK-SESSION REOISTERS OF PERTH, 121
THE EPISCOPAL KIRK-SESSION REGISTER, 254
THE PERTH GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF 1618, 277
CONTINUATION OP THE EPISCOPAL KIRK-SESSION REGISTER, 293
INDEX, 311

ILLUSTRATIONS.
( to face the
I.  FRONTISPIECE, PBETH BEFORE THE REFORMATION, < ..f,
' ' \ title-page.
II. ^ SEAL OP THB DOMINICANS OR BLACK FRIARS, page 1
III.  SEAL OF THE CARTHUSIANS, 40
rV.  SEAL OF THE CITY OF PERTH PRIOR TO THE EEFORMATION,
(¦wood-cut), - 119

INTRODUCTION.

QOTi^^ERTH — the St Johnstown of Scottish history and
vGi^r song, known hy the designation of the " Fair City,"
j-^^E^^ — is the prominent subject of the present volume,
and the purport of the details here given is to lay before
the reader, by way of contrast, the ecclesiastical and moral
state, before and after the Reformation, of the inhabitants
of one of the most important and celebrated of Scottish cities.
Every attempt to elucidate the manners and customs of past
generations — their social, domestic, and religious condition—
is interesting and valuable ; and as it respects the era of the
Reformation, a curious point still remains to be investigated
in the history of the Scottish people of the sixteenth century,
viz. the singular phenomenon, almost unexampled in any other
country, of the same generation abandoning the ancient ritual
which they had been accustomed to revere, and rushing into
the extreme of theological novelties imdeniably the inventions
of the day. Such is the remarkable characteristic to which the
attention of the reader is directed in the foUowing pages, the
state of Perth before and after the Reformation having many
parallels in Scotland, when the new polity was received under
the auspices of John Knox and his coadjutors, and zealously
adopted by the great majority of the Ijowland part of the
population, who made a transition at once, from an ardent
attachment to the Roman Catholic Hierarchy, to a system

X THE BOOK OF PERTH.
of rehgious tenets, opinions, and observances, which had
hitherto been unknown in the Christian world. The former
ecclesiastics, moreover, must have viewed this unexpected
revolution, and the evils which overwhelmed them, with con
sternation. It is appropriately observed — " History presents
few changes of fortune more sudden and complete than that
which befel the monastic communities at the period of the
Reformation. Within a few years their wealth, their honours,
their avocations, their estabhshments, were swept away.
However useful these institutions might have been in an
earlier and different stage of society, juster views of religion
now condemned them as founded in error, and worse than
useless. This, together with the misconduct of individuals
among them, degraded them in public estimation, and the
covetousness of those persons who expected to share in the
plunder of their ample possessions, made them Hsten willingly
to the disgraceful stories which were early propagated against
them, and readily believed in those times, which did not afford
the facihties existing in the present day for ascertaining the
truth of such allegations. The unfortunate monks, often,
perhaps, deeply wronged, though many of them were doubtlesa
loaded with some just accusations, were driven from their
ancient seats, and their magnificent edifices, if the chance of
war had not already desolated them, were either demolislied
by the blind rage of the populace, and the barbarous ignorance
of the government, or left to crumble into premature decay." *
If it should be contended that the ignorance alleged to have
been fostered by the ancient Hierarchy and ecclesiastics of
Scotland induced the people at once to abandon their spiritual
pastors, and betake themselves to the self-appointed teachers
of the new theological tenets, a perusal of the Kirk-Session
Register of Perth vidll at once refute that argument. Whatever
may have been the amount of superstition which prevailed in
times when the great mass of the population were utterly
ilhterate, and many of the Nobihty were unable even to read,
far less to profess any attainments in vrriting, it can be proved
that the moral condition of Scotland was not, after the
* Monastic Annals of Teviotdale, by the Rev. James Morton, B.D., 4to
Edin. 1832, Preface, p. x. xi.

INTRODUCTION. XI
Reformation, renovated by the Presbyterian preachers who
succeeded the deposed clergy, or by their self-constituted Kirk-
Session functionaries ; and though the people were compelled
by those local tribunals to submit, under the penalty of fines,
imprisonment, and banishment from their native towns for
their delinquencies, yet, notwithstanding all this excessive
rigour, they were for generations after the Reformation noted
for their immorality, superstition, and creduUty.* But it is
altogether a mistake to assume that the clergy and religious
Orders of the ancient Hierarchy neglected the morals of the
people. In the early Parliaments many beneficial enactments
were ratified, which must have exclusively emanated from the
Bishops, Abbots, and Priors, and not from fierce lay Barons
whose education was the use of their sword, and whose avo
cation, during their numerous quarrels, was plundering and
murdering, or attempting to murder, each other. To enumerate
aU those laws is impossible in the limits of the present sketch,
but some of them are adduced as specimens of the times before
the Reformation. As early as the reign of David L, in the
twelfth century, we find the Prelates and Ecclesiastical Digni
taries cooperating in laws entitled " Of the Kyngis proteccioun
to puir folk and waik," or stealing from the destitute or
infirm — "Of Wechts to by and sell with" — " Of thaim con-
vykkit of mansuorn."t If a burgess undertook a pilgrimage
to the Holy Land with permission of the Church and of his
neighbours, or to St James, or any other shrine, for the welfare
of his soul, his house and property were to be in " oure Lord
the Kyngis pece and the Bailzies quhil the tyra that God bryng
hym hame agayne." J It was enacted that the person who was
* The fearful prevalence of the most dreadful and disgusting crimes long
after the Reformation is at once ascertained by a perusal of Pitcairn's " Criminal
Trials in Scotland," particularly the reigns of Queen Mary and James VI. ;
and the ferocity of the national character, while pretending to the utmost
purity of religion, was exemplified by the cruelties inflicted and the blood
shed by the Presbyterians after the rebellion against Charles I., during
the Covenanting reign of terror. See also Nicoll's Diary, printed for the
Bannatyne Club, 4to. Edin. 1836.
+ " De proteccione regis concessa pauperibus et debilibus — De ponderibus
in emendo et vendendo — De convictis de periurio." — Assize Regis David,
p. 12, apud Acts of the Parliament of Scotland, folio, vol. i. 1844.
J " De proteccione peregrinancium" — "Leges Quatuor Burgorum," p. 36,
apud Acts of the Parliament of Scotland, vol. 1.

Xll THE BOOK OF PERTH.
convicted of perjury or false testimony should never be allowed
to be a witness in any cause. *
In the reign of William I. surnamed the Lion, several laws
were proposed and enacted to regulate the moral and religious
condition of the people. Cattle-stealing was long common in
Scotland, and to repress this crime, even in that early period
of the national history, it was enjoined that if any man steal
cattle, and if he be followed by the hue and cry of the district,
and the cattle found in his possession, he was to receive
punishment as a notorious thief, and if those who overtook
him failed to return the cattle to the proper owner, they were
to be treated in a similar manner, f Any man who was
convicted of a false charter, if that charter was the King's,
was to be punished according to the royal pleasure ; and if it
was a private charter, the convicted party was not to be
permitted to escape vdthout " gret payn of his body." 1^ In
the royal " assize" held at " Sanct Johnestoun of Perth," on
the Tuesday preceding the Feast of All-Hallows A.D. 1184,
before " Byschoppis, Abbottis, Erles, Baronis, and all other
gude men 'of his kynryk," § it was declared that if a man is
accused of theft, and draw another into warrant, the law of
David I. was to be enforced, until the King made an " assize
thairapon." || In another " assize" at Perth on St Augustine's
Day, 1184, the Bishops and Abbots, with the Earls, Barons,
Thanes, and all the community of the " kynryk," were to
do justice, and not to shelter thieves, reivers, manslayers,
murderers, or trespassers against the law. IT In this reign,
moreover, a curious enactment occurs, intimating that some
exceptions to the celibacy of the clergy must have been recog
nized in Scotland. It is entitled, " Of the fredome of chaplains'
sonnis and merchandis," * * and sets forth that " the King and
* Leges Quatuor Burgorum, p. 37.
t " De latrone capto cum suo latrocinio" — " Of a thej'ff takyn wyth the
thyft."— Assise Willelmi, p. 51, apud Acts ofthe Parliaments of Scotland.
t " De falsa carta" — " Of a fals charter." — Ibid.
§ Kynrilc or Icinryke, a kingdom. See the etymology in Dr Jamieson's
Dictionary of the Scottish Language, sub voce.
II Assise Regis Willelmi, p. 64, a2md Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland,
^ol- i- 11 Assise Regis Willelmi, p. 55— Ibid.
" De libertate filiorum capellanorum et mercatorum."— Assise Regis
Willelmi, p. 58— Ibid.

INTRODUCTION. XIU
the community of the kingdom have statute that the S07i of a
chaplain shall answer as a freeman as long as his father is of life,
that is to say, till all freedom, but after the death of the father
the son shall purchase his freedom; and the Hke case is ofthe
sons of merchants, only if after the death of their father they
be merchants." In reference to the ecclesiastics, it is " statute
that Kirkmen live honestly of the fruits and profits of their
kirks, and shall not be husbandmen, shepherds, or merchants."*
It is also "statute by King William at Scone, with common
consent and deliberation of Prelates, Earls, Barons, and Free
holders, that the Holy Kirk of Scotland, and the true religion,
and aU the clergy, shall be maintained, with all their rights,
liberties, and privileges, in quietness, peace, and at all times
under the King's protection."!
Several salutary laws were enacted by Alexander II., the
son and successor of William the Lion, whose reign extended
from the 4th of December 1214 to the 8th of July 1249.
Those statiites were respectively sanctioned at Scone, Perth,
Stirling, and other places. J Passing the reign of Alexander III.
which began on the 8th of July 1249, and terminated on the
16th of March 1285-6 — that of Margaret, subsequently
mentioned, which continued from the 16th of March 1285-6
to September 1290 — and the nominal reign of John Baliol
from the 17th of November 1292 to the 2d of July 1296, we
come to his successor Robert Bruce, who obtained the Scottish
crown on the 27th of March 1306, though his stability on the
throne was not secured till the victory at Bannockburn on the
24th of June 1314. About four years afterwards, in 1318, among
the statutes of Robert I. one enjoins that the " Haly Kirk of
Scotland shall be maintained in peace, with all rights and free
doms, and that the haly religion be maintained and kept from
all oppressions and grievances done to it in time bygone, for the
quhilk the King wills and enjoins that none from henceforth
harbourin the Abbeys nor in the granges of Religious Men or
* " De vita et honestate clericorum"^ " Of the life and honeste of clerkes."
— Assise Regis Willelmi, p. 60 — Ibid.
+ " De libertate ecclesie" — " Ofthe fredome of Haly Kirk." — Assise Regis
Willelmi, p. 60— Ibid.
t " Statuta Alexandri Regis Filii Willelmi Regis" — " The Lawys made be
the Kyng Alysandir the Kyng Willamis Sone," p. 68-80, apud Acts of the
Parliaments of Scotland, vol. i.

xiv THE BOOK OF PERTH.
of Kirkmen to (the) destruction of them or their goods."* A
laconic enactment follows — " The King wills and commands
that common law and right be done to poor and rich, after
the old laws and freedoms before these times righteously used
and enforced." The Acts for the social and moral improve
ment of the kingdom in this and the reigns of Robert II. and
Robert III. are numerous, and evince an intelligence which
must have chiefly originated vnth the dignitaries of the ancient
Hierarchy. It is only to be regretted that the turbulence of
the Nobility, and those who exercised the pernicious hereditary
jurisdictions both in the Lowlands and Highlands, encouraged
the people to the most disgraceful excesses in violation of every
prudent regulation. The lawless ferocity of those leaders was
too powerful even for the Church to restrain, and Scotland
was for centuries the most wretchedly governed country in
Europe. The fate of James I., whose education during his
captivity in England had been carefully superintended, and
the career of his successors, lamentably illustrate the miserable
condition of the kingdom.
The period from the accession of James I. on the 4th of April
1406, to the deposition of Queen Mary, and the coronation
of the infant sovereign James VI. on the 24th of July 1567,
includes the reigns of James I., James II., James III.,
James IV., James V., and Queen Mary, extending to one hun
dred and sixty-one years. It is well known that, though the
religious system violently introduced by John Knox received
a kind of authoritative sanction in the so called Parliament
or Convention of 1560, the legaHty of which Queen Mary
never recognized, it was not till 1567, after her deposition,
that the ancient Hierarchy was completely subverted in the
Regent Moray's Parhament, and the new doctrines and polity
were sanctioned as the Reformed Establishment of religion.
The Acts of the Scottish Parliaments, consequently, from the
accession of James I. to the coronation of James VI. in 1567,
are of peculiar interest, because they develope the manners
and customs of the times, the moral and political condition of
the people, and the intentions or objects of those by whom
* Acta Parliamentorum Roberti I., p. 107, apud Acts of the Parliaments
of Scotland, vol. i.

INTRODUCTION. XV
they were proposed. Those Acts, without referring to previous
collections and abstracts, were printed by command of George
IIL, in pursuance of an address of the House of Commons, in
1814.* It is only from a careful perusal of those records,
* Acta Parliamentorum Scotorum, from 1424 to 1567, vol. ii. folio, printed
under the superintendence of Thomas Thomson, Esq., Principal Clerk of
Session. The first volume was not published till 1844, under the superin
tendence of Mr Thomson and of Cosmo Innes, Esq. Sheriflf of Moray, in 1846
appointed Professor of History in the University of Edinburgh. This first
volume, which completes the eleven folio volumes of the Acts of the Parlia
ments of Scotland, commences with the date 1124, and extends to the year
1423, including the " Assise Regis David," whose reign extended from the
27th of April 1124 to the 24th of May 1163; the one hundred and nineteen
laws of the burghs of Scotland, the " Acta Regis Malcolmi IV.," who suc
ceeded his grandfather David I. on the 24th of May 1153, and reigned till
his death on the 9th of December 1165; the "Assise Willelmi Regis," or
William the Lion, who succeeded his brother Malcolm IV. on that date, and
died on the 4th of December 1214 ; the " Statuta" of his son and successor
Alexander II., who reigned from the 4th of December 1214 to the 8th. of
July 1249 ; the Acts of his only son and successor Alexander III., who reigned
from the 8th of July 1249 to the 16th of March 1285-6; the "Statuta Gilde,"
or fifty-one " Lawis of the Gilde ; " the "Acta Parliamentorum Margarete
Regine," the granddaughter of Alexander III., commonly called the Maid of
Norway, whose reign was only from the 16th of March 1285-6 to September
1290 ; the " Placita iu Parliamentis Domini Eegis Johannis," or John Baliol,
whose nominal reigTi commenced on the 17th of November 1292, and ceased
on the 2d of- July 1296 ; the Acts of the Parliaments of Robert Bruce, who
obtained the Scottish crown on the 27th of March 1306, and died on the 7th
of June 1329 ; those of his son David IL, who ascended the throne on that
date, and died on the 22d of February 1370-1 ; the Acts of the Parliaments
of Robert IL, who reigned from that date till the 19th of April 1390 ; of
Robert IIL, who reigned from that date till the 4th of April 1406 ; and the
" Acta Parliamentorum Gubematorum Scotic Jacobo I. Eegi," whose reign
commenced on the 4th of April 1406, and was terminated by his murder
at Perth on the 21st of February 1436-7. Those collections, however, are
merely those public documents which have been preserved. Appended are
the " Regiam Majestatem," in four Books ; the " Liber de Attachiamentis,
aliter dictus Leges Baronum," or " Laws of the Barons," consisting of sixty-
one Acts ; the " Leges inter Brettos et Scotos," or " Capitula qusedam Legum
et Consuetudinum Scotise Vetustiora ; " the " Constitutiones Noue pro Bur-
gensibus a Eege Willelmo;" the "Assisa de ToUoneis," or " Parva Custuma
que dicitur le Tol," enacted at Newcastle-upon-Tyne by David I.; the "Assise
Panis Vini et Cervisie," or the "Assize of Bread, Wine, and Aill;" " De
Articulis inquirendis in Burgo in Itinere Camerarii secundum Usum Scocie ; "
the " Capitula Legum et Consuetudinum Scotise iEvo recentiore condita ;" the
" Leges Forestarum," or the " Forest Lawis ; '' the " Modus procedendi in
Itinere Camerarii infra Eegnum Scocie ; " the " Leges Malcolmi Makkenneth ; ''
the " Statutis and Use of Morcliis;" and the " Fragmenta quasdam V^eterum

xvi THE BOOK OF PERTH.
and of those few productions of contemporary writers which
are extant, that an accurate opinion can be formed of the
rehgious state of Scotland, and the habits, customs, and pe
culiarities of the people, before and after the Reformation, and
not from the opinions of men whose prejudices were inveterate,
who were the bHnded partizans of the humanly devised system
which they advocated, and who were more bigoted and exclusive
in their own notions than those whom they denounced with
aU the fury of mahgnant rancour.
While, therefore, the Presbyterians most erroneously assert
that the ecclesiastics of the Scottish Roman Catholic Hierarchy
encouraged ignorance and superstition, it is absurd to con
clude that those of Perth were in any respect inferior to their
brethren in other towns, and belonging to similiar religious
foundations. No great degree of intelligence could be expected
in. a country such as Scotland was at the introduction of the
new doctrines. Long after that event the mass of the people
were illiterate, the printing press was unknown, the roads, if
they deserve to be so called, were wretched, no travelling
conveyances existed, and the communication between the towns
was exceedingly limited. This was the state of affairs to an
extraordinary extent during the whole of the seventeenth and
the half of the eighteenth centuries ; for upwards of forty years
after the Union the country and the people were completely
neglected; and it was not till after the suppression of the
Enterprise of 1745, when the attention of the Government
was seriously turned to the condition of Scotland, that those
improvements commenced which have made the northern
portion of Great Britain the theme of the admiration of every
traveUer. The inveterate religious contentions and rebeUions
which succeeded the Reformation, and continued during almost
the whole of the foHowing century, were most serious obstacles
to the amelioration of the people and the developement of the
resources ofthe kingdom. The fanaticism and violence of the
Solemn League and Covenant contributed to retard the spread
of knowledge. Such was the bigotry of the peasantry even
Legum et Consuetudinum Scoti* undique Collecta." The whole is preceded
by an elaborate Preface, and a variety of interesting documents, tables, and
other memorials of ancient Scottish history.

INTRODUCTION. XVU
in the eighteenth century, that the Covenant was venerated
in several districts as much as if it had been actually a divine
revelation. It is stated of the people of Ayrshire, for example,
by a most competent authority — " The generality of the
tenants were altogether ignorant of the fundamental principles
of agriculture, and of the laws of nature on which those
principles were founded. Information on these subjects was
not then rehshed. An extensive acquaintance with the mys
terious, abstruse, and disputed points of systematic divinity
was the species of knowledge generally sought after, and to
which the greatest fame was attached. The people had been
taken from the plough, and other peaceful labours of the field,
to assist the Reformers in demolishing churches and hunting
down the Popish clergy, who were the best farmers then in
Scotland, and it was not till near the end of the eighteenth
century that they returned to their proper occupation. Their
ambition was not to improve the soil, but to reform the Church;
not to destroy weeds and brambles, but to root out heresy;
not to break up the stubborn soil, but to tread down the
Whore of Babylon and the Man of Sin. — The selling of meal
by the weight instead of measure was, when first introduced,
considered a dreadful schism, and the introduction of winnow
ing machines was testified against from some of the pulpits
under the denomination ofthe Deil's wind."*
Some ofthe Presbyterian successors ofthe ancient ecclesiastics
were remarkable men in their day, and not deficient in learning,
but they were altogether influenced by the novelties they
supported. The sermons of the leading preachers were very
often political, full of invective and personal abuse. In their
zeal for their favourite " Policy," and their feuds with the
Titular Bishops, and the Episcopal function in general, they
neglected the weightier matter — the instruction of the people
in really useful religious and practical knowledge, preferring
abstract brawlings and discussions in their General Assemblies.
A perusal of the Acts of the Scottish Parliaments and of the
Criminal Records during the reign of James VI. discloses the
fact that the morals of the people after the Reformation were
dreadfully corrupted and depraved ; and the discipline of the
* General View of the Agriculture of the County of Ayr, by William Alton,
Svo. Glasgow 1811, p. 74, 75, 77.

XVUl THE BOOK OP PERTH.
Presbyterian system accomplished little to remedy the wretched
enormities which prevailed. The creduHty of the Presbyterian
preachers, in believing every story connected with witchcraft,
aUeged diaboHcal agency, miraculous cures, providential visita
tions, and wonderful incidents, is another peculiarity in their
career. We have an eminent specimen of them in the
historian Mr Robert Wodrow, who died Minister of Eastwood
in 1734. The four volumes of his Analecta, presented to the
Maitland Club by George fourth Earl of Glasgow, consist of
traditionary anecdotes of noted preachers and other saints, and
contain many most outrageous, absurd, indecent, and impro
bable gossiping incidents which the simple Wodrow religiously
believed, but which a well directed and properly educated mind
would have rejected as utterly impossible to have occurred.
It is also difficult to ascertain the true state of affairs from
that party who, considering their legal and authoritative posi
tion, must have wielded great local influence. The clergy
of the Episcopal Church were generally in advance of their
Presbyterian enemies, who eagerly embraced every opportunity
of inciting the ignorant peasantry against them, traducing
their character, and accusing them of every crime possible for
depraved human nature to devise and commit. All this was
readily believed, and the Scottish Bishops and clergy were
in the hard condition of those who were already prejudged
and condemned by fanaticism, their sentiments and actions
studiously perverted, and a hatred against them engendered,
which had the most direful infiuence on the nation.
If it should be objected to some of the Extracts from the
Kirk-Session Register of Perth, that they are scarcely fit for
the pubhc eye, it ought to be remembered that if we wish to
ascertain the moral condition of former generations we must
grapple with such details, however revolting and disgusting,
as illustrating the state and feeling of the times. It is to be
observed, moreover, that these Extracts are modesty itself when
compared to the dreadful obscenities and immoraHties which
the pious Wodrow thought proper to amuse himself by
coUecting, and now printed as his Analecta. But Hcentious
perversions of the Scriptures seem to have been the frailty of
the Covenanting Presbyterians. Even the famihar letters of
the great " Flower of the Kirk," Mr Samuel Rutherford, to

INTRODUCTION. xix
his female acquaintances, are not particularly fastidious, and
the scribbler of such miserable trash would be viewed at the
present day as either guilty of gross profanity, or as, which he
probably was, insane.
It is not the intention of the present writer to lay before
the reader a regularly prepared history of Perth, probably
the most ancient town in Scotland. St Andrews, Dunkeld,
Glasgow, Whithorn, and some other seats of the Scottish
Episcopate, are coeval with the introduction of Christianity
into the kingdom; but in the case ofthe " Fair City," tradition
carries us to the period when Agricola and Lollius Urbicus
displayed the imperial eagles, and founded the town as a
Roman station. We are reminded of the exclamation of the
Roman soldiers at the romantic locaHty known as the Wicks
of Baiglie, about seven miles from Perth, on the old road to
Edinburgh, when the valley of the Tay, traversed by its ample
stream, opened upon the legions — " Behold the Tiber ! Behold
the Campus Martius!" But, as it is finely asked, where is
the Scot who would " hail the puny Tiber for the Tay ? "
The Hills of Moncrieff and Kinnoull, the surrounding moun
tains, and the distant views of the huge Grampians, form a
view unrivalled in any part of Britain. The history of Perth
up to the sixteenth century is inseparably connected with that
ofthe kingdom, and though the " Fair City" received its first
charter as a royal burgh from William the Lion in 1210, it
had civic privileges nearly a century earlier, for in the charter
of confirmation by James VI. one granted by David I. in 1153
is specified. TUl 1482, when James III. publicly removed the
seat of government to Edinburgh, Perth was the metropolis
of Scotland. The " Fair City" was also very early fortified,
which its central situation and its proximity to the Highlands
rendered indispensable. The castles of several powerful Barons
were in the immediate vicinity, with some of whom the citizens
were occasionally at feud, whUe with others, such as the Earl
of AthoU, the Lords Ruthven afterwards Earls of Gowrie,
Charteris of Kinfauns, and Thriepland of Fingask, they were
often on such amicable terms as to have one of them repeatedly
for their Provost. The ancient burgesses of Perth, as appears
from their own amusing records of their alternate quarrels and
fraternizings with their powerful neighbours, often saUied out,

XX THE BOOK OF PERTH.
and damaged their castles, when their vassals, as a punish
ment for some real or pretended offences, were not aUowed to
carry provisions to the city. But the hereditary animosity and
jealousy which for centuries existed between the citizens of
Perth and Dundee is most remarkable. Those feuds evince
an intensity of hatred seldom carried to such an extent in any
district, and many ludicrous anecdotes are still preserved of
this singular dislike.
The place of meeting of the early Parhaments of Scotland
is not recorded, but little doubt exists that Perth and the
adjoining Palace of Scone were often the scenes of those
assembhes. In 1114-5, Alexander I. held a Convention, in
which he refounded the Abbey of Scone, in presence and with
consent of his Queen, Alexander — " nepos regis " — two
Bishops, and six or perhaps seven Earls, and others. His
great-grandson Malcohn IV. was .crowned at Scone in 1153,
before a great assemblage of the people ; and in 1160 the same
monarch convened a National Council at Perth, occasioned, it
is said, by a confederacy of six Earls against him,* where, it
is conjectured, the marriages of the Princesses Margaret and
Ada, his sisters, were arranged ; at least in 1161 Margaret
was united to Conan Count of Brittany, and Ada to Florence
Count of HoUand. f In 1166-7, upwards of one year after
his coronation at Scone, William the Lion, the brother of
Malcolm IV., held an Assembly at Perth, in which was decided
a controversy, in presence of the King, the Bishops, and many
distinguished persons, between the churches of Durham and
Croyland. On the 30th of October 1184, the Tuesday before
the Feast of All-Hallows, in the same reign, another Assembly
was convened at Perth, in which the King held an assize in
presence of the Bishops, Abbots, Priors, Earls, Barons, and
others. Alexander IL, the founder of the Monastery of the Black
Friars or Dominicans, who succeeded his father WUliam when
in the seventeenth year of his age, and was crowned at Scone
* Lord Hailes says—" Ferquhard Earl of Stratheam, and five other Earis,
conspired to seize the person of their Sovereign. They assaulted the tower in
in which he had sought refuge, but were repulsed. The clergy judipiously
interposed, and wrought a speedy reconciliation between the King and his
people." — Annals of Scotland, 4to. vol. i. p. 106.
+ Lord Hailes' Annals, vol. i. p. 107.

INTRODUCTION. Xxi
on the 5th of December 1214, convened an Assembly at
Perth on the 27th of February 1230. During this reign, in
1242, a General Council of the Church was held at Perth,
which was attended by the King, and his Earls and Barons,
and the Code of Canons then enacted were ratified. Alexander
II. was succeeded on the 8th of July 1249 by his son Alexander
IIL, then in his eighth year, who was crowned at Scone on
Tuesday the 13th of that month. In 1265, this monarch held
an Assembly at Perth, to receive an envoy from Magnus King
of Norway,* and on the 2d of July the following year another
Assembly was convened by the King in the same town, in
which the disputes vrith Norway were adjusted by the King,
and after long negotiations it was agreed that Norway should
cede to Scotland all right over the Hebrides and Man, and
generally over all the Western Islands, including also the
southern islands, excepting those of Orkney and Shetland, and
the King and the Estates of Scotland obliged themselves to
deliver at the Cathedral of St Magnus in KirkwaU, the sum
of 4000 merks sterling of the Roman standard, in four annual
payments of 1000 merks each, and an yearly quit-rent of 100
merks sterHng for ever, under the penalty of 10,000 merks to
be exacted by the Pope.f On the 5th of February 1283-4,
in a Parliament held at Scone, the King and the Estates settled
the succession to the Crown in favour of the infant Princess
Margaret, called the Maid of Norway, daughter of Eric King
of Norway and Margaret the daughter of Alexander III. This
was the more necessary, as Queen Margaret, who was the
daughter of Guy Earl of Flanders, died in 1283, two years
after her marriage to Alexander the Prince of Scotland, who
died on the 28th of January 1283-4. On the 10th of AprU
1285 another Assembly was held at Scone, within twelve
months of the death of Alexander IIL, which occurred on the
16th of March 1285-6, when he was thrown over a precipice
while riding in the dusk betwixt Burntisland and Kinghorn,
and was killed on the spot.
The death of the infant Queen Margaret in Orkney about
the end of September 1292, while on her passage to Scotland,
* Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, folio, vol. i. p. 61.
t Lord Hailes' Annals of Scotland, vol. i. p. 177, 178.

Xxil THE BOOK OF PERTH.
occasioned an interregnum from that year till the coronation
of Robert Bruce at Scone on the 27th of March 1306. In the
meantime John BaHol was crowned at Scone on St Andrew's
Day 1292, and rendered homage to Edward I. of England for
the Kingdom of Scotland on the ensuing 26th of December
at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Bahol held a ParUament at Scone
on the 9th of February 1292-3. On the 2d of July 1296 the
brief and nominal reign of Baliol was" terminated by Edward
I., who compeUed him to resign the kingdom to himself
as his sovereign Hege, and detained him a prisoner three
years. It was in this year, when returning from his invasion
of the North of Scotland, that Edward I. caused the famous
coronation stone to be removed from Scone to Westminster,
and the Enghsh carried off some charters belonging to that
Abbey, and destroyed the seals of others. In 1297 Sir
William Wallace commenced his successful efforts against the
English forces in Scotland, and some of his adventures are
connected with the vicinity of Perth, particularly with Elcho
Castle, about a mile below the remains of the Nunnery of
Elcho, at the north-east corner of which a remarkable yew-tree
has been long known as Wallace's Yew. In 1298, Wallace,
elated by his successes, assumed the title of " Governor of
Scotland, in name of King John, and by the consent of the
Scottish nation ; " but, perceiving that he was not supported by
the Nobihty, and that his elevation occasioned bitter jealousy
and envy, he resigned the office after the battle of Falkirk
that year, and a regency was formed in 1299, consisting of
John Comyn of Badenoch, the younger, and John de SouHs, to
whom were afterwards added Bruce, then Earl of Carriek, and
WUliam Lamberton, Bishop of St Andrews. On the 23d of
February 1301-2 an Assembly was held at Scone, in which
was produced a letter from the Guardians, as the Regents
were designated, of Scotland, the Prelates, Earls, and Barons,
and whole community of the kingdom, to Philip le Bel, King
of France, regarding the observance of a truce.
On the 9th of July 1321 King Robert Bruce, who in 1310,
after a foray into England, had besieged the " Fair City," and
entered it by scaling the walls sword in hand, held a Parlia
ment at Perth, and others were held at Scone on the 25th of

INTRODUCTION. XXIII
July 1323, on the 28th of March 1325, and on the 26th of
March 1326. Robert I. died on the 7th of June 1329, and
was succeeded by his son David II. , then in the seventh year
of his age. Randolph Earl of Moray became Regent, and on
the 29th of March 1330 a Parliament was held at Perth. On
the 8th of November 1331, a Parhament met at Scone, and
on the 2d of August 1332 another was convened at Perth in
which Donald Earl of Mar was elected Regent at the death
of the Earl of Moray ; but he enjoyed his high office a very
short time, as he was slain at the battle of Duplin on the 12th
of August that year, when Edward Bahol and an English
force attempted to overrun the kingdom, and the day after his
victory took possession of Perth, the ditch of which he ordered
to be cleared, and the town to be inclosed with pallisadoes, to
resist an anticipated attack of the Earl of March. Baliol was
crowned at Scone on the 24th of September, in presence of
a multitude of people from Fife and the lower country of
Perthshire, Duncan Earl of Fife, and William Sinclair Bishop
of Dunkeld, assisting at the ceremonial. Immediately after
wards Edward Baliol retired to the South of Scotland, learing
the Earl of Fife in possession of Perth ; but on the 7th of
October the " Fair City " was surprised, its fortifications razed,
and the Earl of Fife, his family and vassals, made prisoners,
though the English historians allege that he betrayed the
town. Another Parhament was held at Perth on the 24th of
October 1339, and on the 17th of September 1341 one met
at Scone, where a contribution was imposed. A Parliament
was again held at Scone on the 8 th of June 1344, in which
the right of the Bishop of Aberdeen to the second tythes of
Aberdeen and Banff were confirmed, and the King ratified the
tithes in Forfarshire to the Priory of Restennet. On the 17th
of January 1356, a Council was convened at Perth, when
ambassadors were appointed to treat with the English for the
Hberation of Darid II. , who in 1346 had been taken prisoner
in the unfortunate battle fought at Nevil's Cross, near Durham,
on the 17th of October 1346.* The King ratified this treaty
* Lord Hailes says that in this Parliament William Landales, Bishop of
St Andrews, Patrick de Leuchars, Bishop of Brechin, Sir William Livingstone,
Lord Chancellor, and Sir Robert Erskine, afterwards Lord Chamberlain, were

XXIV THE BOOK OF PERTH.
in a Council held at Scone on the 6th of November 1357. A
Parliament met at the same place on the 12th of November
1358, in which David II. confirmed a charter by the Earl of
Mar to Sir Robert Erskine of Pitrodie in the Aberdeenshire
district of Garioch. In a Parliament held at Scone on the 3d
of October 1359, the King granted charters to the Abbey of
Arbroath, and to St Mary's Chapel at Inverness.
On the 12th of AprU 1360 we find a CouncU held at Perth,
in which the King ordered payment of the second tithes to
the Bishop of Aberdeen. It is already seen that Scone had
its due share of those meetings, and on the 4th of March
1363, a Parliament was convened there, in which David II.
proposed to the three Estates that, in the event of his decease
without issue, they should chose as their sovereign one of the
sons of Edward III., earnestly recommending Lionel Duke of
Clarence as a Prince able to maintain the national liberties,
and as the means of securing permanent tranquUlity. The
Estates unanimously rejected the advice, declaring that ^by
act of settlement and solemn oaths in the reign of Robert
Bruce, the High Steward had been acknowledged presumptive
heir to the Crown, and they authorized the summoning of a
Parliament without the legal warning of forty days. On the
11th of January 1364 a Council was held at Perth, in which
David II. granted the lands of Gask and others to Walter
Oliphant ; and on the 24th of July and 5th of December 1565
Councils were again held at Perth, in the former of which the
Bishops, Nobility — " et multi alii" — bound themselves by an
oath to certain conditions of peace with England, and in the
latter it was enacted that a tron for weighing wool should be
placed in every royal burgh. On the 20th of July 1366, the
27th of September 1367, and the 12th of June 1368, Parlia
ments were convened at Scone — that of 1367 held by persons
elected for that purpose, and that of 1368 for the preservation
of domestic tranquUhty, and imposing a tax on wool, hides,
appointed Commissioners to treat for the ransom of the King, and for peace
between the two nations. This commission was sealed by the High Steward
of Scotland, as Regent, the Earis of March and Angus, Sir William Keith,
Knight Marischal, for the Nobility, and with the common seals of the burghs
of Perth, Dundee, Edinburgh, and Aberdeen, as representing the community.
—Annals of Scotland, vol. ii. p. 241.

INTRODUCTION. XXV
sheep, and marts.* On the 9th of December this latter year
the King, in a Council held at Perth, confirmed the Barony
of Cadzow to David Fitzwalter. A Parliament was also held
at Perth by certain persons elected for that purpose f on the
6th of March 1368-9, when two committees were appointed
for specified objects, arrangements were made for quieting
the Highlands and Islands, and the truce with England was
prolonged. On the 18th of February 1369, and on the 23d of
October 1370, Parliaments were held at Perth. This latter
year was the termination of the reign of David IL, who died
in the Castle of Edinburgh on the 22d of February 1370-1,
in the forty-seventh year of his age, and the forty-second of
his reign.
Robert, the High Steward of Scotland, succeeded his uncle
David II. as Robert II. On the 26th of March 1371, a
Parliament or great Convention was held at Scone, in which
the King was crowned in presence of the Bishops, Earls,
Barons, and an immense concourse of persons from all parts
of the kingdom. The Nobility did homage, and swore fealty
to the King, and the succession was settled in favour of his
son John Earl of Carriek. Parliaments were held at Scone
on the 4th of AprU 1373, and the 19th of October 1378 ; a
General Council at Perth on the 6th of June 1382 ; and
Parhaments again at Scone on the 22d of October that year,
and on the 29th of March 1389, in which latter meeting
enactments were passed regulating the internal government of
the kingdom.
Robert II. died on the 19th of April 1390, and was succeeded
by his son John Earl of Carriek, who assumed the title of
Robert III. On the 14th of August a Parliament was held
at Scone, and the King and the Queen — Annabella, daiSghter
of Sir John Drummond, Knight — were crowned ; and on the
7th of March 1390-1, a Parliament was again held at Scone,
in which the annual sum of 2500 merks was voted to the
* A mart or mairt is a fattened cow or ox killed about Martinmas for
winter provisions.
t The others, it is stated, were allowed to return home — " propter impor-
tunitatem et caristiam temporis." — Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland,
vol. i. p. 67. 0

XXVI THE BOOK OF PERTH.
Queen out of the great customs of the burgh. A General
CouncU was convened at Perth on the 26th of March 1392,
and another on the 24th of October 1393, in which were
sanctioned certain enactments in reference to the national
money. On the 8th of March 1393-4, a Parliament again
met at Scone, and on the 22d of April 1398 and the 27th of
January 1398-9, General CouncUs* were held at Perth. In
the former, on the 28th of April, at Scone, Robert III. created
his eldest son David, Duke of Rothesay; his brother Robert,
Earl of Fife and Menteith, was created Duke of Albany, and
Sir David Lindsay was created Earl of Crawfurd ; after which
Divine Serrice was performed in St John's Church by Walter
Trail, Bishop of St Andrews. In the latter were passed
" Actis upon sundry poyntes touchande our Lorde the King
and the Estate of his Reaulme." On the 21st of Ffebruary
1400, a Parhament was held at Scone, and this was followed
by a General Council at Edinburgh on 16th May 1402, in
which the King, then aged and infirm, and never at any
time a monarch of vigour and alacrity, granted a remission to
his brother the Duke of Albany and to the Earl of Douglas
for the death of his son and heir-apparent, the Duke of
Rothesay. |
The imbecUity of Robert III. had permitted the government
to be assumed by the Duke of Albany, who meditated a
transference of the crown to his own family, and it is not
likely that the murderer ofthe Duke of Rothesay would scruple
at any desperate measure to aid his project, more especiaUy
when the only intervening obstacle was Prince James, a boy
eight years of age, the third son of Robert III. by his
Queen Annabella, born at the unusual period of thirty-seven
years after their marriage. Robert IIL, for the express
purpose of securing the young prince from the designs of
Albany, resolved to send him to the Court of Charles IV. of
France, where his personal safety would be certain, and his
education better superintended, than could possibly be at the
* Sir James Balfour designates those Councils at Perth as Parliaments.—
Annals of Scotland, vol. i. p. 137.
+ This tragedy, of which a dungeon in Falkland Palace was the scene, is
introduced with powerful effect, and the active perpetrators of it delineated,
by Sir Walter Scott, in The Faik Maid of Perth.

INTRODUCTION. XXVII
time in Scotland. The embarkation of the prince under the
guidance of Henry St Clair, second Earl of Orkney, at the
Bass Rock in 1405, his capture off the coast of Norfolk, and
his long detention in England as a prisoner by Henry IV. and
Henry v., are matters of-history unnecessary to be here repeated.
When Robert III. was informed in Rothesay Castle that his
only surviving son and heir had fallen into the hands of the
English, he expired a few hours afterwards, on Palm Sunday,
the 4th of April 1406, in the sixteenth year of his reign.
It was in the reign of Robert III. that the celebrated conflict
was fought on the North Inch of Perth, which was witnessed
by that Monarch from the balconies of the Gilten Arbour in the
garden of the Dominican Monastery, on the ground now occupied
by the elegant houses forming AthoU Place, the Crescent, and
Rose Terrace. The combatants were the Clan Chattan and the
Clan Kay, the former of whom were Mackintoshes, but it is not
agreed who were the Clan Kay. The conflict was conducted on
the principle of thatof the Horatii and Curiatii in Roman history,
and is the more interesting because it is minutely described by
Sir Walter Scott in the story of the " Fair Maid of Perth."
Thirty combatants were selected from the hostile Clans, and
the scene was altogether remarkable, without the exaggerations
of Boece and Lesley, or the speeches which Buchanan makes
the contending savages to utter after the most approved style
and manner of Livy. The gallantry of Henry Wynd, the hero
of Sir Walter Scott's story, or Hal ofthe Wynd, still popularly
caUed the Gow Chrom, or the Bandy-legged Smith of St
Johnstown, a tradesman of Perth, who for half a French dollar
of gold volunteered to supply the place of an absent Macintosh,
originated the old proverb still extant — "He comes infer
his ain hand as Henry Wynd fought." Victory declared in
favour of Hal of the Wynd and the Clan Chattan, of whom
nineteen fell, and most of the survivors were severely wounded.
Twenty-nine of the Clan Kay lay dead on the Inch, and the
survivor, who, strange to say, was unhurt, forced his way
through the spectators, threw himself into the Tay, and escaped
by swimming to the other side. The chanter of one of the
bagpipes which then sent forth its pibrochs is still preserved
in the family of Cluny Macpherson, a distinguished Highland

XXVUl THE BOOK OF PERTH.
Chief, and this ancient trophy is known as the Federan Dhu,
or Black Chanter. Long before and after the time of this
conflict, the North and South Inches were the scenes of
frequent combats, but the rencontre of the Clan Chattan and
Clan Kay is the most celebrated.
One of the first Acts of the Legislature, in the peculiar
circumstances of the kingdom at the accession of James I.,
was a Council of the Estates at Perth in June 1406, in
which the youthful sovereign was recognized, and Albany was
appointed Governor of Scotland. In 1409, a General Council
was held at Perth, in which the expense of destroying the
waUs of Jedburgh was ordered to be paid out of the King's
customs. In another General Council held at Perth on the
17th of March 1415, the charters of release of all claims of
sovereignty over Scotland by Edward III. were enjoined to be
transcribed in a public and authenticated form to be preserved
in future times. A General Council was held at Perth on
the 26th of June 1417, in which Albany granted a precept
connected with the second tithes of the Bishop of Aberdeen ;
and on the 2d and 3d of October that year another General
Council was convened in the " Fair City," in which it was
resolved that the Scottish Church should adhere to Pope
Martin V. in the Papal schism.* The last General Council
held in Perth before the return of James I. from captivity was
in 1419, in which the three Estates consented to the sending
of auxiliaries to France, j This was to assist the French in
repelling the efforts of Henry V. of England to obtain the
* This great schism was occasioned by John XXIII., Gregory XIL, and
Benedict XIII., each claiming the rank and oflSce of Sovereign Pontiff. The
Council of Constance was assembled in 1414, at the request of the Emperor
Sigismund, to put an end to the schism. The Council deposed all the three,
and elected Otto Colouna, a Roman, to the Pontifical Chair, which he ascended
by the title of Martin V. To this decision John XXIII. (Cardinal Cossa)
willingly submitted, as did also Gregory XII. after some demurring, but
Benedict XIII. continued the schism in Spain till his death. A canon or
decree was passed by this Council, asserting the supremacy of a General
Council over the Pope. This was the Council which also condemned John
Huss and Jerome of Prague, whose fate is well known.
+ The preceding abstracts of the General Councils and Parliaments held at
Perth and its adjunct the Abbey of Scone, are from the List in the " Acts of
the Parliaments of Scotland," vol. i. p. 55-71,

INTRODUCTION. XXIX
sovereignty of France. Thither a numerous party of Scottish
Knights and their retainers proceeded, under the command of
the Earl of Buchan, the second son of Albany.
The Duke of Albany died about this time, and he was
succeeded by his eldest son Murdoch as Governor, who was
as weak as liis father had been energetic and unprincipled.
At length the time arrived when James I. was to be restored
to his kingdom, and on the 19th of August 1423 a General
Council was held at Inverlieithing, where ambassadors were
appointed to treat for his release.* After much delay and
discussion on both sides, the freedom of the King was finally
adjusted at London on the 9th of March 1423-4, and among
other securities for the stipulated ransom the burghs of Perth,
Dundee, Aberdeen, and Edinburgh were tendered and accepted.
Previous to leaving England, James I. married Joanna,
daughter of the Duchess of Clarence, niece of Richard IL,
by her first husband John Duke of Somerset, fourth son of
John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, and grandson of Edward
III. To this lady he had been long attached, and she is
the theme of several of the poetical effusions ascribed to him,
especially his elaborate production the " King's Quair. "
The marriage ceremony was performed in the church of St
Mary-Overy in Southwark, and aU which the King received
as dowry with his bride was a discharge of L.10,000 of his
ransom money.
James I., who was in the thirtieth year of his age when he
was restored to liberty, proceeded first to Edinburgh, where
he celebrated the Festival of Easter; and he afterwards went
to Scone, accompanied by his Queen, where they were both
crowned with great solemnity, Murdoch, Duke of Albany, as
Earl of Fife, performing the ceremony of installation. Imme
diately after the coronation a Parliament was convened at Perth
on the 26th of May 1424, f and the proceedings sufficiently
* The Commissioners are thus enumerated in the record — " William Bishop
of Glasgow, Lord Chancellor, George Earl of March, James Douglas of Balvene,
the Abbots of Cambuskenneth and Balmerino, Patrick Dunbar of Biel, Sir
Robert Lauder of Edrington, George Borthwick, Archdeacon of Glasgow, and
Patrick Houston, Licentiate in Canon Law at Glasgow. — Acts of the Parlia
ments of Scotland, vol. i. p. 227.
t Acta Pari. Scot, folio, vol. ii. p. 3.

XXX THE BOOK OF PERTH.
intimated a vigorous reign, a resolution to suppress the
prevailing fraud and rapine of the preceding regencies, in con
formity with the aUeged exclamation of the King immediately
after his arrival, when informed of the prevaUing disorders —
" By the help of God, though I should myself lead the life of
a dog, I shaU make the key keep the castle, and the bush
secure the cow." The next Parliaments held at Perth were
on the 12th of March 1424-5, the 11th of March 1425-6, the
30th of September 1426, and the 1st of July 1427.* This
last was followed by a General Council at Perth on the 1st of
March 1427 and the 12th of July 1428, f in which latter the
King prudently strengthened his alliance with France by
betrothing his eldest daughter Marjory to the Dauphin, after
wards Louis XL, when both were mere infants, though the
nuptials were not celebrated till 1436, the Dauphin having
then attained the age of thirteen, and the Princess her twelfth
year. This marriage, however, proved most unhappy ; the
Dauphin was a personage of the worst dispositions, continually
surrounded and easily persuaded by most unprincipled men ;
and the Princess, nine years after her marriage and six years
after the murder of her royal father, expired of a broken heart,
occasioned by false accusations against her conjugal fidelity.
With the exception of a Parhament held at Stirling on the
1st of March 1433-4, and a General Council at Edinburgh
on the 22d of October 1436, all the subsequent Parliaments of
James I. were assembled in Perth. Those were — a Parliament
on the 26th of April 1429, which was continued to the 6th of
March 1429-30 ; a Parliament on the 30th of January 1431,
which was continued till the 16th of October ; a Parliament
on the 27th of May 1432 ; and a Parhament on the 10th of
January 1434-5. :f During this and the preceding reigns
Perth was considered the capital of the kingdom, the favourite
abode of the sovereigns, and the place where the Parliaments
and General CouncUs were most frequently convened. But
although Edinburgh was not finally constituted the Scottish
metropolis tUl the reign of James IIL, an event occurred
* Acta Pari. Scot, folio, vol. ii. p. 9, 13, 14. "
+ Acta Pari. Scot, folio, vol. ii. p. 15, 17.
$ Acta Pari. Scot, folio, vol. ii. p. 17, 19, 20, 22.

INTRODUCTION. XXXi
which deprived the " Fair City " of its advantages as a seat
of royalty. This was the murder of James I., under circum
stances of peculiar atrocity, by Walter Stewart, Earl of AthoU,*
Sir Robert Graham, and other inferior conspirators, in the
Dominican Monastery at Perth, on the night of the first
Wednesday of Lent, or between the 20th and 21st of February
1436-7, according to some authorities, which is believed to be
the accurate date, and, according to others, the night of the
second Wednesday of Lent, or the 28th of that month. The
contriver of this conspiracy against James I. was Sir Robert
Graham, and one of his objects was to elevate Sir Robert
Stewart, the grandson of the Earl of AthoU, to the crown.
Sir Robert Stewart was concerned in it, but the Earl of AthoU
solemnly asserted his innocence in the presence of the Bishop
of Urbino, the Papal Legate, and declared that when his
grandson proposed the conspiracy, he endeavoured to dissuade
him from it as a wild and dangerous attempt. This did not
save him from decapitation at Edinburgh in April 1437, and
the circumstance that he was at Perth on the night of the
murder confirmed the suspicions of his judges. His grandson
was executed at Edinburgh after enduring the most cruel
tortures which could be devised, and the other conspirators
were also put to death.
This sad event alarmed the Government, and proved that
Perth, from its vicinity to the Highlands, could no longer be
considered as a secure residence for the sovereign. The Estates
were in consequence seldom assembled in subsequent times in
the Fair City. In the reign of James II. a General Council
was held in Perth during the month of March 1441, in which
an order was issued for the support of the altar of St Ninian
in the church ofthe Carmelites or White Friars of Perth, f A
Parhament convened in the town on the 14th of June 1445. |
Another General CouncU was held at Perth on the 4th of May
1450, in which was ratified the charter of foundation of the
Carthusian Monastery, or House of the Valley of Virtue. § On
* Second son of Robert II. by his second Queen, Euphemia Ross.
+ Acta Pari. Scot, folio, vol. ii. ; Appendix, p. 67.
t Acta Pari. Scot, folio, vol. ii. p. 33.
§ Acta Pari. Scot, folio, vol. ii. p. 39; Appendix, p. 66.

XXXII THE BOOK OF PERTH.
the 7th of February 1456-7 a Parliament was held in Perth,
one on the 6th of November 1458, and another on the 9th of
October 1459.* In the reign of James III. neither Parliament
nor General CouncU convened in Perth, and in 1482 Edinburgh
was constituted the metropoHs. The same remark respecting
the desertion of the "Fair City" by the three Estates applies
to the reign of James IV. Six months after the accession of
James V. a General Council was held at Perth on the 26th of
November 1513, which was attended by James Beaton, Arch
bishop of St Andrews, Lord ChanceUor ; WUliam Elphinstone,
Bishop of Aberdeen ; James Chisholm, Bishop of Dunblane ;
Andrew Stewart, Bishop of Caithness, Lord Treasurer ; David
Hamilton, Bishop of Argyll; Edward Stewart, Bishop of
Orkney ; John, Prior of St Andrews ; George,, Abbot of Holy-
roodhouse ; Robert, Abbot of Paisley ; WiUiam, Abbot of
Coupar-Angus ; Henry, Abbot of Lindores ; John, Abbot of
Jedburgh ; Patrick, Postulate f of Cambuskenneth ; James,
Postulate of Dunfermline ; Andrew, Postulate of Caithness ;
Gavin Dunbar, Archdeacon of St Andrews ; Robert Forman,
Dean of Glasgow; Walter Drummond, Dean of Dunblane;
twenty of the NobUity, J the Masters of Marischal and Mont
gomery, William Murray of TuUibardine, Wilham Menteith
of Kerse, Patrick Crichton of Cranston, Patrick Hamilton of
Kincaid, David Bruce of Clackmannan, Andrew Kerr of
Fernihirst, Sir James Shaw of Sauchie, Philip Nisbet of that
Ilk, Alexander Home of Spott, Gilbert Menzies, Provost of
Aberdeen, Alexander Blair, Provost of Perth, and James
Wishart of Pittarrow, Justice- Clerk. § The object of this
Convention was to consider the proposal of James Ogilvy,
Ambassador to France, and the Sieur Anthony D'Arcy, alias
de la Batie, a French Knight, who was one of the Wardens
* Acta Pari. Scot, folio, vol. ii.; Appendix, p. 79.
+ The Postulate of an Abbey was a person who had been presented to the
benefice, though not formally in possession. It appears that before the
Reformation even the Scottish Bishops were admitted to sit in Parliament
after their appointment, and before their consecration.
t The Earis of Argj'll, Arran, Morton, Lennox, Erroll, Crawfurd, Marischal,
Atholl, Cassillis, and Eglinton ; Lords Home, Drummond, Fleming, Oliphant,
Erskine, Ruthven, Maxwell, Forbes, Eoss, and Sanquhar.
§ Acta Pari. Scot, folio, vol. ii. p. 281.

INTRODUCTION. XXXIU
of the Scottish Borders, to renew the old aUiances with France,
more especially in reference to the protection of the youthful
James V. This was the only meeting during that Prince's
reign, and none of his Parliaments were held in Perth.
The reign of Queen Mary presents similar intimations of
the flight of the Legislature from the Fair City. Though
Queen Mary repeatedly visited Perth, she is little identified with
its history. It was not till the 11th of September 1601 that
Perth was the place of meeting of a General Council of James
VI. and the Estates, in which were passed Acts " anent a new
cunzie of gold and silver," and " anent the claith making."*
By the act for the new coinage the gold was to be of " twentie-
twa carret fyne, with twa grains of remeid of fynnes alsweill
abone as under, at threttie-sax pundis the unce, and to be set
furth at sax punds the peice, with twa grains of remeid of
wecht upon ilk peice alsweil havie as lycht." The gold coin
was to have on one side a sceptre and sword in form of St
Andrew's cross, with a thistle on each side, the whole sur
mounted by a crown, with the date, and the motto — salus
POPULI SUPREMA LEX, with a Small rose on each side ; and on
the reverse the royal arms within a shield, surmounted by a
crown, and the inscription — jacobus d. g. r. scotorum. The
silver pieces were to consist of merks, half-merks, forty-penny
and twenty-penny pieces; the devices on the one side to be a
thistle with two leaves surmounted by a crown, the date, and
the inscription — regem jova protegit, and on the reverse
the King's arms, and the words — jacobus sextus d. g. r.
SCOTORUM. On the 29th of July 1645 a Covenanting Parliament was
held in Perth, in which some most tyrannical enactments were
sanctioned against the Malignants, as the Royalists were
designated during the Covenanting reign of terror, f The
proclamation of Charles II. by the Covenanters, after they
had been the chief instruments in the murder of his father,
and the arrival of Charles in Scotland, to become rather the
King of the Solemn League and Covenant, than Sovereign of
* Acta Pari. Scot. vol. iv. Appendix, p. 267, 268.
t Acta Pari. Scot, folio, vol. vi. p. 193.

XXXIV THE BOOK OF PERTH.
the kingdom, brought Cromwell across the Tweed, and the
Covenanting preachers and their forces retreated to Perth,
which they constituted their head-quarters, much to the
annoyance of the citizens. A Parliament was held in the
" Fair City " on the 26th of November, in which, among a
multiphcity of public and private matters connected with their
affairs, the Covenanters made arrangements for the coronation
of Charles II. in their own way at Scone.* The King had
been some tune in Perth, under the strict surveillance of the
Covenanting leaders, and Gowrie House was his residence in
the " Fair City." The coronation was performed at Scone
on the 1st of January 1651, and they held another Parliament
on the 13th of March, which sat till the 31st, and then
adjourned to Stirling, where, on the 4th of June, the meeting
was prorogued to the third Wednesday of November; but
Cromwell's victory at Dunbar two months previously had
secured for him the possession of the whole of Scotland, the
tyranny of the Solemn League and Covenant was completely
prostrated, the leaders discomfited, and the suppression of
religious feud by military force brought peace and prosperity
to the people during Cromwell's domination. After the
Restoration the Covenanting Parliaments held at Perth and
elsewhere were declared by the Estates null and void, all the
enactments were pronounced illegal, and the Solemn League
and Covenant, which had caused the best blood in Scotland
to be mercilessly shed during its " reign of terror," was not
even allowed to be resuscitated at the Revolution.
Among the comparatively few interesting memorials now
preserved in the " Fair City," connecting the present with
former times, is one of which the citizens may be proud, and
is worthy of the inspection of visitors. This is a MS. volume,
which may be pre-eminently designated the Book of Perth,
in the possession of James Thomas, Esq., Writer, Clerk to the
GuUdry, containing the records of that ancient Incorporation.
It is strongly boarded, with firm clasps, and is preserved in a
massive box, on the hd of which is the following inscription 
* Acta Pari. Scot, folio, vol. vi. p. 541, 549, 565.

INTRODUCTION. XXXV
THIS BOX,
FORMED FROM A RAFTER OF THE OLD HOUSE IN CURFEW ROW,
THE RESIDENCE OF SIMON GLOVER,
BY TRADITION
FATHER OF THE " FAIR MAID OF PERTH,"
IHCLOSES
THE VENERABLE GUILD BOOK,
COKTAINING THE
RECORDS OF THE GUILDRY INCORPORATION OF PERTH
FOR A PERIOD OF
ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-NINE YEARS
BEFORE THE UNFORTUNATE BATTLE OF FLODDEN.
AND ALSO
THE GENUINE AUTOGRAPHS AND MOTTOS OF
JAMES v., CHARLES II., QUEEN VICTORIA,
AND PRINCE ALBERT.
It may be added that Mr Thomas very politely allows any
visitor of the " Fair City " an inspection of the Guildry Book.
The pictures of life and manners of the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries which are presented in the following
Extracts from the Kirk-Session Register of Perth, after the
Reformation, were not peculiar to the " Fair City." They
are characteristic of the then state of almost every city and
large town in Scotland,* and, independent of their antiquarian
interest, they elucidate the practical workings of the religious
institutions of the kingdom from the Reformation tiU the
commencement of the Covenanting rebellion against Charles
I., or rather during the whole of the seventeenth century.
The separation of Episcopacy and Presbyterianism was in
practice very different from what we are apt to conclude,
when the fierce contentions between the supporters of Episco
pacy and Presbyterianism are considered. After the accession
of James VI. to the English Crown the regal power was so
strong, and public opinion so favourable, that little difficulty
was experienced in placing the parish ministers of the several
* See the " Scottish Ecclesiastical Archseology," or Extracts from the
Records of the Kirk-Session, Presbytery, and Synod of Aberdeen, edited by
John Stuart, Esq., and printed for the Spaldino Club, 4to. 1846.

XXXVI THE BOOR OF PERTH.
local Presbyteries under the superintendence of Titular
Bishops, without changing the forms of Presbyterianism,
or abating its spirit; yet such a Kirk-Session, with a Bishop
over it, and even an Archbishop of St Andrews presiding, was
as zealous against " Papistrie," and as determined to carry on
a war of extermination against witches, as any Presbyterian
could possibly manifest. Both parties evinced when in the
ascendant the same inquisitorial interference with the private
life of the citizens, the same intolerant search into ordinary
conduct, a feeling equally sour and sanctimonious against
all lighter amusements and what was considered Sabbath-
breaking, and an equally careful provision of the means of
gratify prying malevolence and malignant curiosity. The
proceedings of the Kirk -Session of Perth, and of those of
other towns and parishes, show the absurdity ofthe errors which
those writers have often committed, who, finding something
settled and regulated in their own day, conclude that it was
the same in former times because it was known by a similar
name. The manners, opinions, and life in the Scottish towns during
the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries are found in the records
of the Kirk-Sessions, which were so many ecclesiastical police-
courts in times when neither bridewells, penitentiaries, nor
houses of correction were erected, newspapers unknown, and
the people continued for generations in deplorable ignorance. In
the Kirk-Session, during Presbyterian and Episcopal rule, the
Minister as president, and a number of laymen called Elders, sat
as a weekly parochial court to take cognizance of lesser scandals,
and they were often countenanced by a Baihe or Magistrate,
who acted, as in the case of Perth for some time, in his official
capacity. The Kirk-Session Records in consequence exhibit
delineations of daily life, coarse yet picturesque, connected with
persons of all ranks, though chiefly of the lower orders. The
matters discussed before this tribunal were extremely various.
Two ofthe most prominent were the observation ofthe Sabbath
and filling the parish churches. To effect this latter object
more securely, and as having a direct influence on the former,
they divided the town into districts. Perth was made to com
prise four such districts, under " Visitors," who perambulated

INTRODUCTION. XXXvll
the town with a BaUie to see that the " people resort to the
kirk for heiring of the sermons both before and after noon,
and to delait and note the absenters " that they might be
" processit," or prosecuted. Persons were stationed to record
the names of those who went out of the town on the Sundays,
the keepers of the " ports" or gates were strictly enjoined to
prevent all egress and ingress, and the most innocent enjoyment
was punished as well as the most secular or the grossest occu
pation. To be seen on the banks of the Tay, or walking on
the splendid commons of the North and South Inches, was
certain to induce a citation to appear before the ecclesiastical
pohce court.
But if the " heiring of the sermon" and the capture by the
"Visitors" of those whom they found on the streets on Sundays
during the preaching were considered matters of importance,
more undoubted offences were not forgotten. Drunkenness,
tippling in alehouses and taverns, night-walking, playing at
cards, slander, railing, scolding, fighting, swearing, were
all carefully investigated, and often visited with a severity
altogether disproportioned to the offence. Unchastity of any
kind was punished by fine, penance on the repentance-stool
in the parish church and at the Cross or market place, carting
through the town, ducking, banishment, and censures. This
and several other immoralities might probably have been proper
objects within the sphere of the Kirk-Session, if the punish
ment offered the slightest chance of reformation or repentance ;
but this was not the fact, and it is not likely that lessons of
of modesty or self-respect would be impressed by exposing
delinquents upon a seat in presence of a congregation, or
placing them at the church door as the people entered, or
enduring personal rebukes from the pulpit. Another pecu
liarity was the supervision wielded over the movements of
people to such a degree that they could neither obtain lodging
nor employment except by a license from the Kirk-Session, or,
by defying this police court, expose themselves to fine and
imprisonment. It is indeed surprising that men submitted to
this tyranny, and many conjectures might be assigned resulting
from the national character. Yet escape was difficult — the
country was poor, and the peasantry could not leave their

XXXVIU THE BOOK OF PERTH.
own localities. The reckless sinned and repented, or at least
occupied the stool for that purpose ; and when the females
wrapped their plaids about their faces, the evasion to conceal
themselves from public recognition was observed, and the
garments were taken from them as they advanced towards the
stool. Such was Perth — such was Scotland — for nearly a
century and a half after the Reformation.
The Works Ulustrative of the history of a town of such
note as Perth are comparatively few. In addition to the
articles in Sir John Sinclair's and the New Statistical Account
of Scotland, Encyclopaedias, and Gazetteers of various degrees
of merit, those productions are chiefly —
1. The Muses' Threnodia, or Mirthful Mournings on the
Death of Mr Gall, containing Varieties of Pleasant Poeticall
Descriptions, Moral Instructions, Historical Narrations, and
Divine Observations, with the most Remarkable Antiquities
of Scotland, especially at Perth. By Henry Adamson. Edin
burgh, printed in King James' College,* by George Anderson,
4to. 1638. Reprinted, with Explanatory Notes and Observa
tions, &c. By James Cant. Perth, 2 vols, small Svo, 1774.
2. Memorabilia of Perth, containing a Guide to Perth,
Historical Memoranda respecting Perth, Charters relating to
the PrivUeges of Perth, List of the Ministers and Rectors of
the Grammar School of Perth, List of the Subscribers for
building of the Bridge and the Public Seminaries, and the Rev.
Alexander Duff's (late of Tibbermuir) Traditional Account in
the Town of Perth ofthe Death of John Earl of Gowrie, and his
brother Mr Alexander Ruthven, in 1600. Perth, 8vo. 1806.
3. The Perth Miscellany of Literature, Agriculture,
Gardening, and Local Intelligence. Perth, 1 830. This was a
Periodical published by Messrs Morison & Co., of which only
a few numbers appeared.
4. The Chronicle of Perth, a Register of Remarkable
Occurrences chiefly connected with the City from 1210 to
1668, by John Mercer, f edited by James Maidment, Esq.
* The College or University of Edinburgh was first so designated by
James VI. himself, though his claim to the distinction as a benefactor is very
questionable. + Mercer was Towu-Clerk of Perth.

INTRODUCTION. XXxix
Advocate, and printed for the Maitland Club, 4to. Edinburgh
1831, from the MS. belonging to the Faculty of Advocates.
5. Traditions of Perth, containing Sketches of the Man
ners and Customs of the Inhabitants, and Notices of Public
Occurrences during the last Century, Interesting Extracts from
Old Records, Notices of the Neighbouring Localities of His
torical Interest, Topographical Sketch of the County, Brief
History of Perth, &c. By George Penny, 8vo. Perth, 1836.
As to the Gowrie Conspiracy, the most remarkable event
which occurred at Perth after the murder of King James I.
of Scotland, and the demolition of the Religious Houses, a
complete collection of all the documents and productions con
nected with it is in the second volume of Pitcairn's " Criminal
Trials of Scotland." The statement of some Presbyterian
writers, that instead of Gowrie plotting against the King, the
King plotted against Gowrie, is most conclusively refuted
by the mass of evidence printed by Mr Pitcairn, and is too
ridiculous to be credited for a moment. Yet even Mr Scott
appeared as one of the champions of Gowrie's innocence in
his " Dissertation upon the Gowrie Conspiracy." It is now
proved most satisfactorily that the Earl of Gowrie and his
brother Alexander Ruthven, animated by private revenge and
other motives, and in concert with Logan of Restalrig, then
proprietor of the stronghold of Fast Castle on the coast of
Berwickshire, near St Abb's Head, were the rash parties
concerned in this extraordinary and wretchedly managed plot
which involved their destruction. This is farther demonstrated
from the letters of Logan to Gowrie now published, the pro
ceedings against Logan after he was dead, and the confession
and execution of George Sprot, a notary of Eyemouth, the
adjoining parish to Coldingham, in which Fast Castle is
situated, and who acted as factor or legal adviser to Logan.
If the Gowrie Conspiracy had been, as was and stUl is pre
tended by some writers, a scheme on the part of James VI. to
ruin the Gowrie family, it will be admitted that it was the
interest of the Court to hush the project as speedily as possible,
and to employ every means for that purpose. But the very
reverse was the case. The plot was investigated and re
investigated year after year, and in times, let it be remembered,

xl THE BOOK OF PERTH.
when the King was most unpopular with the Presbyterians,
on account of his strenuous efforts to effect the permanent
establishment of the Episcopal Church. The 5th of August,
the day on which the plot exploded, was ordered to be
annually observed in commemoration of the King's deliverance,
and numerous pamphlets were printed in reference to the
Conspiracy. The conclusion to which every impartial inquirer
must inevitably come is, that, absurd and ill-concerted as
was that melancholy affair, it was a designed attack on the
person of the King, and that it was defeated chiefly by the
inexperience of those whose rashness had involved them in
the desperate enterprise.
Some Extracts from the Kirk-Session Register of Perth
appeared in one of the volumes of the Edinburgh Christian
Instructor, a periodical now defunct. Mr Maidment also
printed a selection, which is appended to Mercer's Chronicle of
Perth, and extends to forty-nine pages. In the list of works
announced for publication by the Spottiswoode Society, a
volume was allotted for Mr Scott's transcript of this Kirk-
Session Register, as illustrative of former life and manners in
Scotland, but on farther consideration it appeared that a small
selection would answer the purpose. This was contributed by
the present writer, and inserted in the second volume of the
Spottiswoode Miscellany, published in 1845, and edited
by Mr Maidment.
The Illustrations to this volume consist of a View of Perth
before the Reformation, from Kinnoull Hill, taken from a
lithographed outline in Sir WiUiam Keith Murray's " Sketches
of Scenes in Scotland," and two Seals, one of the Dominicans,
or Black Friars, and the other of the Carthusians. Every
effort was made to procure those of the Carmelites, or White
Friars, and of the Franciscans, or Grey Friars, but without
success, and none appear to be preserved among the Charters
of the old Religious Houses at Perth.
% 1. ?t.

Engravpft for Ttomas &. Stcvensoas Book of Perti

Tllli BOOK OF PEETH.

Eije ISominiran IHonastetg.

J HE Dominicans, or Black Friars, had fifteen
Monasteries in Scotland, which was the eigh
teenth of the forty-five Provinces into which
the Order was divided in the several king
doms of Europe. Originally Scotland was
included with England as one Prorince, and the Provincial
Prior resided in England, governing the Order in Scotland
by a Vicar. The latter kingdom became eventually a separate
Province. On the 24th of AprU 1470, John Muir is styled
" Vicar-General of the Predicant Friars," and he was the first
Provincial Prior. This disjunction from England is said to
have been greatly accelerated by James IIL, in defiance of the
zealous opposition of the Order in England.
The Monastery at Perth stood on the north side of the town,
without the waUs, on the south portion of the ground which
still retains the name of the Black Friars. It is described as
a " stately and convenient fabric," containing, in addition to
the cloisters in which the Friars resided, commodious galleries
and apartments in which the Scottish Kings often lodged when
they were in Perth. The royal palace or castle was swept
away by an inundation of the Tay in 1210, when Prince John,
1

2 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
iufant son of WiUiam the Lion, his nurse, and many of the
King's retinue, perished in the waters, the King, his Queen,
and the rest of his family, narrowly escaping. Alexander II.
granted the ground and the site of the royal garden to the
Black Friars for the erection of their Monastery. James I.,
his Queen, and retinue, were inmates of the Black Friars at
Perth when he was inhumanly murdered, under circumstances
well known to all famihar with Scottish history.
Adjoining to the Monastery was the Church, dedicated to
the Virgin Mary, and to St. Dominic, the founder of the Order.
In this Church a solemn convention of the clergy and nobihty
was held in 1431 by James I., who occupied a chair of state in
the choir before the great altar. Several distinguished persons
were interred in this church, especially EUzabeth Mure, Queen
of Robert II. and mother of Robert IIL, Alexander third
Earl of Huntly, Ehzabeth Gray his Countess, and some of the
Earls of Erroll, and members of their family.
Near the Church was a burial-ground, which is noticed in the
Kirk-Session Register, 3d June 1589, when the then Minister
and Elders ordered a strong wall to be built round the " Black
Friars' Kirk-yard," and that no animal should be allowed to
enter and tread upon it, because it was a " place of burial."
The gardens of the Monastery were extensive. One was
long known as the King's Garden, and also the Gilded Ar
bour, and is prominently noticed in these Extracts.* It was
separated on the east from the North Inch by a kind of canal.
Robert IIL, in 1395 or 1396, witnessed from this garden
the celebrated combat fought on the North Inch by thirty se
lected persons on each side from the Clans Chattan and Kay,
immortalized by Sir Walter Scott in the " Fair Maid of
Perth."
The locality caUed the Castle Gavel was near the Black
Friars' Monastery, and derived its name from the remaining
wall of the ancient castle. It is mentioned early in the Records
by that name. A canal from the Almond is carried in a large
channel close to the Castle Gavel, which is situated extremely
low, and was liable to be often flooded. The water of this
** See the note infra, p. 22.

THE DOMINICAN MONASTERY. 3
canal falls into the Tay, and it is said to have been constructed
about the beginning of the thirteenth century.
The Dominican Monastery at Perth seems ordinarily to
have consisted of only twelve or thirteen Friars, exclusive of
their servants. In reference to their professed abstinence, the
numerous boUs of wheat and malt of which they obtained
grants were superfluous, and can only be explained by the
circumstance that they were hospitable to strangers, and were
compeUed to " keep open house " to royalty and numerous
risitors.

It may be here generaUy stated that Perth long consisted of
merely the South Street (or Gate), the North or High Street,
the Kirkgate (which leads from the north side of St. John's
Church to the High Street), the Watergate, the Speygate, the
Castle Gavel, frequently mentioned, and the Curfew Row.
These are the localities chiefly recorded in the charters be
longing to the religious houses. Connected with these streets
were several alleys which still exist, such as the KirkVennel,
the Meal Vennel, and St. Clement's Vennel. Other ancient
alleys are now known by the names of subsequent proprietors
or residenters. An Argyll Gate, the site of which is unknown,
is mentioned in the Town-Council Records. On the 6th of
April 1529, King James V. granted a precept to the Provost
and BaUies to infeft Sir Edward Gray, his chaplain of the
church of Loretto at Perth, in tenements situated in ArgyU
Gate, and others.
The Burgh Records of Perth extend no farther back than
the year 1500. The first volume is so much decayed that it
is almost uninteUigible. The first document is an entry of
seisin, dated 1500, apparently in favour of Sir Malcohn  ,
one of the priests, in subjects in either the South or North
Gates, bounded, inter alia, by the subjects of  Myrton,
Prebendary of  .
Various religious houses at a distance had property in Perth
and its vicinity. Those prominently mentioned are the Abbeys

4 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
of Scone, Aberbrothwick, Coupar-Angus, Lindores, and Inch-
affray. The last-mentioned reUgious house, the name of which
signifies the Island of Masses, was founded by Gilbert Earl
of Stratheam and his Countess Matilda in 1200, and was
dedicated to the honour of God, the Virgin Mary, and St.
John the Apostle and Evangehst. The ruins are in the parish
of Madderty in the district of Stratheam, on a rising ground,
which was evidently, in ancient times, insulated by the Pow
water. In reference to the property of the Abbey of Inch-
affray in Perth, John, Abbot of the same, and the Convent,
in 1358, during the reign of David IL, granted to John de
Gray, burgess of Perth, and his heirs, a tenement on the south
side of the North Street, vnth all its pertinents, on the con
dition that one pound of wax was paid to the Abbot of Inch-
afii-ay for eight years, three shiUings and four pennies in the
ninth year, five shUhngs in the tenth year, six shiUings and
eight pennies in the eleventh year, ten shiUings in the twelfth
year, and ten shiUings annually for ever, the first payment of
the wax to commence at Whitsunday about 1370. John BeU,
burgess of Perth, with consent of John de Gray, resigns to
John de PoUock, or RoUock, his tenement on the south side
of the North Street, reserving to the said John de Gray and
his heirs an annual rent of twenty shiUings. In the Inventory
of 1660, this charter is said to relate probably to the rights of
the Abbey of Inchaffray. The few remains of that Abbey are
the property of the Earl of KinnouU, m virtue of which his
Lordship is patron of about twelve parish churches which
belonged to the Abbot and Convent.

«Kf)attev0 of.tije IBominican llonastfti).

>CTOBER 31, 1241. — Gmwtm^? a Cake of Wax, to
(p he paid hy the Provosts of Perth, out of the King's
farm of Perth. — Alexander, by the grace of God,
King of Scots, to his Provosts of Perth, greeting : — We charge
and enjoin you, as out of our farm of Perth, to cause have in
readiness for the Predicant Friars of Perth, one cake of wax,
with which cake of wax we have endowed annually the Church
of the same Predicant Friars, when we have enjoined the said
church to be dedicated. Witnesses — Philip de Melville, Robert
de Mowat, Justiciary of Scotland, Robert de Menzies. At
Forfar, the last day of October, in the twenty-seventh year of
the reign ofthe Sovereign Lord the King.
June 7, 1244. — The King's Garden. — A Pipe of Water. —
A grant from a " regard to godly charity" — divinae caritatis
intuitu — '•' to God, to the Blessed Mary, and to the Predicant
Friars of Perth, serving and to serve God there, for ever," of
the King's garden, and of a conduit of water from the reser
voir of the King's well of Perth, containing the width of four
inches. Witnesses — a venerable Father William (Bodingston),
Bishop of Glasgow, Chancellor, Wilham Earl of Mar, Alan
(Durward) Hostiarius, Justiciary of Scotland, John de Vaux,
* The Charters now belong to the Hospital founded by James VI. at Perth.
The Monastery of the Black Friars — Fratres Praidicatores, or Preaching
Friars — was founded at Perth by Alexander IT., King of Scotland, whose
reign began on the 4th of December 1214, and ended in July 1249. This
Monastery was the most ancient at Perth of which any record is preserved.

THE BOOK OF PERTH.

Robert de Menzies. At Holyrood,* the 7th day of June, in the
thirtieth year of the reign of the Sovereign Lord the King.
May 31, 1251. — The Cake of Wax and one Day's Provi
sion for the Friars every Week. — Alexander IIL, son of the
founder of the Place, enjoins the cake of wax to be paid yearly
out of the King's farms of Perth, by the Provosts of Perth, to
the Preaching Friars on the Day of the Nativity of St. John
the Baptist, for the Ulumination of the Monastery Church at
the dedication of the same ; also the said Friars to be fed out
of the same farms one day every week. Witnesses — Robert
de Ross, Robert de Menzies, Chamberlain, and WiUiam de
Louchar (Lowther), Sheriff of Perth. At Scone, the last day
of May, in the second year of the reign of the Sovereign Lord
the King.
October 10, 1265. — Ten Chalders of Malt, five of Wheat,
seven Pounds sixteen Shillings, and a Cake of Wax. — A charter
from the same Sovereign Lord Alexander, King of Scots, son
of the founder of the Monastery, granting ten chalders of malt,
and five chalders of wheat, to be paid yearly to the Predicant
Friars of Perth, out of the King's farms of Craigie and Mag
dalene, by the Provosts of Perth and the tenants of the said
lands; also seven pounds sixteen shUUngs, to be paid yearly by
the Provosts of Perth out of the farm of the burgh of Perth,
to the Predicant Friars for their annual maintenance; also
one cake of wax to be dehvered to the Friars at the season of
the year when the market is best. Witnesses — Malcolm (Mac
duff), Earl of Fife, WUliam Earl of Mar,t Chamberlain, and
John de Park. At Scone, the 10th day of October, in the
seventeenth year of our reign.
November 19, 12^2.% — Certain Burgesses of Perth. — One
Hogshead of Wine, and one Chalder of Wheat. — " To aU who
shall see or shaU hear these letters — John Hailboch, John de
Perth, John Richardson, John Auld, Robert caUed Fisher,
* The Monastery or Abbey of Holyrood, or the Holy Cross, at Edinburgh.
+ William ninth Earl of Mar, of the ancient Family of the surname of
Mar, predecessors in the title of the Earldom of the Noble Family of Erskine,
the subsequent possessors of the title.
t William (probably Fraser), Bishop of St. Andrews, attested the first,
third, and fourth of these charters, about the year 1291.

THE DOMINICAN MONASTERY. 7
Duncan de Cellars, burgesses of Perth, wish eternal salvation
in the Lord. Know every one, that besides other alms which
we have been in use to deliver to the Predicant Friars of Perth
on the part of our Sovereign Lord King Alexander, of worthy
memory, we have delivered to the said Friars, on the part of
the same Sovereign Lord our King, as well during his hfe as
since his death, one hogshead of wine and one chalder of wheat
for the celebration of divine mysteries : In testimony of which,
we have thought it good to append our seals to this letter.
Given at Perth, in the 8th day of St Martin, in the year of
our Lord 1292."
About the year 1294. — Grant of John Moncrieff, of that Ilk,
of eight boUs of barley, eight boUs of oats, and four boUs of
wheat, to be paid yearly for ever to the Predicants of Perth,
out of the estate of Moncrieff, in the shire of Perth, for the
sustenance of the said Friars ; and to be dehvered to them
before the Feast of the Purification of the Blessed Virgin
Mary. Ratified by the seal of a venerable Father, Lord
Wilham (Fraser), Bishop of St. Andrews. Witnesses — WiUiam
de Carnegie, Alderman of Perth, Sir Robert, Vicar of Perth,
Solomon de Dundas, PetronUla de Moncrieff, and many
others.* April 12, 1316. — Grant of King Eobert Bruce. — A charter
of the Sovereign Lord Robert Bruce, King of Scots, grants
forty-four merks sterling to be paid annuaUy to the Predicant
Friars of Perth, one half out of the King's farms of Perth, the
other half out of the customs caUed Maltoth of the towns of
Perth and Dundee, j Witnesses — " Bernard (Linton), Abbot of
* This charter was subsequently renewed by MoncrielF of that Ilk, probably
about 1312, and was confirmed by King Robert Bruce on the 18th of April
1322. In the Laird's renewal. Sir Roger de Moubray and Sir Roger de Megfen
(Methven) are specially mentioned as additional witnesses to this burden on
the estate of Moncrieff.
f The lieges of Dundee and Perth in course of time rebelled against their
share of this grant, and refused to pay money for which they obtained no
adequate return. On the 15th of November 1345, King David II. issued a
precept, dated at Stirling, to the Provost and Bailies of Perth, in answer to
a complaint of his " beloved chaplains, the Predicant Friars," ordering the
Magistrates to fulfil the grant of his father, which he had confirmed. On the
12th of November 1357, Norman Leslie, Deputy-Chamberlain of Scotland,

8 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
Arbroath, our ChanceUor, Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray,
our nephew, GUbert de Hay, Constable of Scotland, Alexander
Fraser, and Robert de Keith, Marischal of Scotland, Knights.
At Perth, the 12th day of April, in the eleventh year of our
reign." January 8, 1322-3. — Privileges ofthe Friars at the Mills
of Perth. —King Robert Bruce granted a charter exempting
the Friars from the payment of multures out of five chalders of
wheat, two chalders of barley, also out of aU kinds of grain for
their use ground at his miUs of Perth. Also the Friars to have
their grain to lie in the said mills room-free, after his own
grain, the grain of his ChanceUors, Justiciaries, and Chamber
lains, and the grain of any other person found at the miUs,
in the measure of three bushels. At Aberbrothwick, the 8th
day of January, in the seventeenth year of his reign.*
April 26, 1323. — Forty carts of Peats fr&m Logic. —
Confirmation of charter granted by King Robert Bruce, on
the 2d of February 1319-20, of the gift of forty cart-loads of
peats out of the forfeited estate of Logic which belonged to
the late John de Logic, Knight, the peats to be dried and
carried all the way to the house of the Predicant Friars of
Perth by the people of the said estate. At Berwick-upon-
Tweed, the 26th day of April, in the eighteenth year of his
reign.f May 6, 1324. — G^j/i; of Sir Gilbert Hay of Frrol. — Sir
issued a similar order, dated at Scone, from which it appears that the inha
bitants of Dundee were mulcted L.IO sterling out of their great customs
annually, and the citizens of Perth only seven merks sterling.
* A confirmation of this precept was addressed on the same day by King
Robert Bruce to his Chamberlain. On the 26th of April, 1323, this charter
was farther confirmed at Berwick, with the substitution of malt for barley.
Among the new witnesses are " Lord Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray, Lord
of the valley of Annandale and Marr, our dearly beloved nephew," Walter,
Steward of Scotland, Robert de Lauder, Justiciary of Lothian, Alexander
de Seton, and William Oliphant, Knights.
+ This charter was renewed by King David Bruce on the 6th of May 1370,
by James IV. on the 15th of March 1490-1, and by the same monarch on the
19th of April 1505" In the last document are enumerated the legal proceed
ings of the Prior and Convent to enforce their rights, in consequence of Mar
garet Logic, and Thomas Hay her husband, refusing to fulfil the charter,
thereby denuding the holy men of their peats.

THE DOMINICAN MONASTERY. 9
Gilbert de Hay,* Laird of Erroll, granted twenty shiUings
sterling to be paid annually out of his lands and orchard of
Inchyra, to the Predicant Friars of Perth, in pure and perpe
tual alms to Almighty God, and to the blessed Dominick, for
the maintenance of one burning lamp in the choir, and another
burning lamp before the great Cross in the Church of the said
Friars, to be paid one-half at the Feast of Pentecost, and the
other at the Feast of St. Martin in the winter. Witnesses —
" Nicholas de Hay, Dean of the Church of Dunkeld, John de
Hay, Rector of the Church of ErroU, our brothers, Nicholas de
Hay, our son, John de Inchmartin, Sheriff of Perth, Knights,
Edmund Hay of Leyes, Thomas Bane, John de Kinfauns, John
MarshaU, Burgesses of Perth, and many others."
July 3, 1333. — Gift of Sir John Brown, Knight. — This
Sir John Brown granted " in pure and perpetual alms, to the
rehgious men, the Friars of the Order of the Predicants of
Perth, those seven acres of arable land, with all their perti
nents, throughout all their hmits and just divisions, which he
possessed and obtained from John called Hailboch, burgess of
Perth, on account of his redemption, lying without the burgh
of Perth, marching between Salcur on the south side, and the
land of Balhousie on the north side, above the land of Salcur
of the foresaid Friars, for their sustenance, and the repair of
their buUdings, also for their performance of an anniversary
on behalf of the donor, and of his son, | who hes buried with

* Sir Gilbert de Hay was one of the ancestors of the Earls of Erroll. He
succeeded his father. Sir Nicholas de Hay, iu 1303, and was constituted
Constable of Scotland in 1308, an ofiice which was afterwards made hereditary
in his family. Sir Gilbert de Hay was one of the chosen friends and most
zealous adherents of King Robert Bruce, who died on the 11th of June 1329,
when the Knight-Constable became equally faithful and loyal to his son
David Bruce. Some relate that Sir Gilbert was killed at the battle of Duplin,
on the 11th of August 1332, and that if Ms lady had not been enciente at
the time the family would have been extinct, so many of the name of Hay
having fallen on that field. But it appears that he was slain at the battle of
Halidon Hill, on the 19th of July 1333, and if his body was brought to Scot
land, it is likely that it would have been interred in the church of the Black
Friars at Perth, rather than in the Abbey of Coupar, which is Crawford's
statement, on no good authority.
+ Apparently the son of John Hailboch, or Kinloch, mentioned supra in
the charter dated 19th November 1292.

10 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
them, and of his successors to the latest generation." FaiUng the
warrandice of those acres. Sir John Brown* and his heirs were
to pay to the Friars the sum of L.20 sterhng as a full com
pensation. Witnesses — John de Cameron, Sheriff of Perth,
and David de Marr, Knights.
Within the Octaves of the Moveable Feast of our Lord's
Ascension, 1334. — A general Gift. — Sir John de Inchmartine
grants to the Predicant Friars of Scotland, to be received by
the hands of the Prior of the Predicant Friars of Perth, or his
Deputy, for the annual entertainment of the Chapterly Con
vention of the whole Order, f twenty shiUings sterhng from out
of his estate of Kinnaird in the Earldom of Atholl; also, for
the same purpose, two boUs of good wheat, and eight boUs of
good barley, out of his granary of Inchmartine. Witnesses —
Lord Innocent Abbot of Scone, % Sir John de Stirhng, Sheriff
of Perth, John Gyl, Thomas de Listoim, and many others.
* Fordun and Buchanan relate that an Esquire named Richard Brown was
executed at Perth as a traitor along with Sir John de Logic and Sir Gilbert
Malherb, Knights. This Richard Brown was the son of Sir John BrcMp, Knight.
The charge against them was their connection with an alleged conspii;acy which
had been planned by William Lord Soulis, and they were drawn at the tails
of horses through the streets to the place of execution, where they were hanged,
their hearts taken out, and their bodies dismembered. This occurred before
February 1319-20, near the end of the fourteenth year of the reign of Robert
Bruce, and the Parliament which condemned them was called the Black
Parliament of Perth. In a Parliament held at Scone in August 1320, William
Lord Soulis and the Countess of Stratheam were condemned to perpetual im
prisonment, though the lady had so far repented as to inform King Robert of
the conspiracy (Fordun xiii. c. 1 ; Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, folio,
1844, vol. i. p. 63.) In the celebrated letter, dated at Arbroath, 6th April
1320, and addressed by the Barons of Scotland to Pope John XXIL, are the
names of other conspirators who were convicted and executed in August or
September that year. Sir John Brown's charter to the Black Friars was granted
during the contests between David Bruce and Edward Baliol, the latter of
whom had been crowned at Scone on the 27th of September 1332, and when
both parties were preparing for a battle, which was fought at Halidon HiU on
the 19th of July 1333.
+ This intimates that the Black Friars throughout Scotland held an annual
meeting of their Fraternity at Perth.
t Mr. Scott says that the name of the Abbot of Scone is erroneously written
in the charter, which was granted on a Sunday at Perth. Sir John de
Inchmartine's successor's surname was Erskine. On the 1st of March 1369-70,
his son, Alan de Erskine, Laird of Inchmartine, second son of William fifth
Lord Erskine, with the consent of Isabel his wife, for the salvation of their

THE DOMINICAN MONASTERY. 1 1
Septemher 8, 1375. — A house or tenement of land, with its
pertinents, in the Curfew Row of Perth, sold by John Lorimer
to John the son of Henry, burgess of Perth, to be held of the
Predicant Friars of Perth, and to be burdened with the yearly
payment of five shUUngs of silver, usual money, to the said
Friars. In testimony of which, his seal is appended, together
with the seals of Friar Adam de Brechin, Reader of the Order
of the foresaid Predicant Friars of the town of Perth, of James
de Cochrane, Canon of Dunkeld, and of John de Gray, burgess
of Perth. Witnesses — Thomas de Spens, Laurence de Spens,
John de Pitscottie, William caUed Squire, John de Lindores,
and many others.
March 25, 1382. — Ehzabeth Lady Kinmonth,* who " is
established in her pure widowhood," grants one boU of wheat
and one of barley to be annually paid to the Predicant Friars
of Perth out of the estate of Kinmonth.
September 18, 1389. — Hugh Barclay of Kippof grants to
the Predicant Friars of Perth ten shiUings sterling annuaUy
souls, and of those of his predecessors and successors, confirmed the charter,
ajid increased the number of bolls of wheat to eight. The Friars were evi
dently special favourites of the lady, who is described aa the " undoubted and
lawful heiress of the foresaid John de Inchmartine." David II. confirmed the
charter on the 7th of April 1370. It appears that the estate of Inchmartine
frequently changed proprietors in the following century. It will be seen,
under date 22d August 1421, that David Wemyss, son of Sir John de Wemyss,
Knight, and Isabella his wife and relict, was in possession of Inchmartine;
and in a charter dated 9th October 1444, Sir Andrew Ogilvy is mentioned as
proprietor. On the 14th of Februaryl 502-3, James IV. and the Privy Council
ordain David Ogilvy of Inchmartine to pay annually eight bolls of wheat and
eight bolls of barley to the Predicant Friars of Perth, which was to be good,
and of William the Lion's measure. The above-mentioned Alan de Erskine
had no male issue by his wife the heiress of Inchmartine. Two daughters
were the off'spring of that marriage, through whom he became an ancestor of
the Earls of Wemyss and Findlater.
* Elizabeth de Kinmonth was evidently the heiress of the estate so called,
which has long been in the possession of the family of Kier. As she omits
any mention of her deceased husband, it is probable that some religions service
for him had been founded in another Monastery.
f The Barclays of Kippo were a branch of the Barclays of Cairney, who were
ennobled as Lords of Brechin. James Barclay of Kippo, a descendant of Hugh
Barclay, left his only child Margaret heiress of the lands of Kippo, Amgask,
Balvaird, and others. She married, about 1507, Sir William Murray, an
ancestor of the Viscounts Stormont, Earls of Mansfield in the Peerage of .Great
Britain.

12 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
out of his Barony of Arngosk for the maintenance of a burning
lamp ia the choir of the Monastery Church.
December 3, 1405. — King Robert III. grants to the Predi
cant Friars of Perth the Chapel of St. Laurence, situate within
the town of Perth, with all its rents and profits for ever, for
the salvation of the soiU of his father Robert IL, and especiaUy
for the salvation of the soul of Ehzabeth Mure his mother,
who is interred in the Church of the said Friars. The said
Chapel, which was the property of his beloved chaplain John
de Busby — " in virtue of our donation for the term of his hfe,
the said John, not induced by force or fear, nor fallen into
error, but of his own free will and voluntary choice, again
rendered back into our hands, by staff and cudgel, and purely
and simply resigned, quitting for ever and in' aU respects
all right and claim which he had or could have to the said
Chapel. The said religious men, and their successors, for the
salvation of the souls of aU the aforesaid persons, are to main
tain the said Chapel in its divine ornaments and buildings,
and to perform in it the services arid tasks due and customary.
Witnesses — a venerable Father in Christ, Gilbert (Greenlaw),
Bishop of Aberdeen, our Chancellor, William de Bathgate,
Malcolm de Bute, our chaplains, Henry de Cunninghame,
Donald de Nairn, WiUiam Giffart, John Lockhart, Henry de
Lusk, Roger de Chartres, and John de Crawford, our clerk. —
At Dundonald, in the sixteenth year of our reign."*
1410. — Wilham Scott of Balwearie grants to the Predicant
Friars of Perth two acres of land in his meadow of Flawcraig,
commonly caUed the Meadow of the said Friars, with this
condition, that the said Friars shaU not let in lease the said
meadow without his permission, or the permission of his heirs,
unless it be to his own proper tenants. Witnesses — John
Clephane of Carslogie, Robert de Fernie, Laird of that Ilk,
John Scott, " my cousin," and many others.f
* On the same day, Robert III. addressed a letter to Gilbert, Bishop of
Aberdeen, under the Privy Seal, charging him, agreeably to the charter under
the Great Seal, to " cause due investiture upon this our concession to be given
at the gates of our Chapel to the said religious (men)."
t On the 20th of March 1414-16, Alan de Kinnaird, of that Ilk, confirms
the above charter of his " beloved cousin," William Scott, Laird of Balwearie.

THE DOMINICAN MONASTERY. 13
About 1420. — Thomas de Lyn, burgess of Perth, grants a
croft, with its pertinents, lying at the Clayhill of the burgh of
Perth, between the aqueduct of the mills of our Sovereign
Lord the King, of the said burgh on the south side, and the
croft of the late Henry PuUour on the north side, and for
ever resigns the said croft to the Place of the Predicant Friars,
for the celebration of three masses in any week, only before
the altar of the Blessed Mary in the Church of the said Con
vent. The Friars to pay yearly out of the said croft to the
Laird of Inchmartine and his successors three shilhngs, and to
render due and customary service to the King.*
Same date. — Henry PuUour, burgess of Perth, son and heir
of the late Henry PuUour, burgess of Perth, compelled by
necessity, and by the title of a fair sale, alienates for ever to the
Prior and Convent of the Predicant Friars, his whole and
entire croft, with its pertinents, lying between the water-ditches
of the said Friars, between the land of Thomas de Lyn on the
south, and the land of the Abbot of Scone on the north, and
extending on the east to the King's road on the west, f
October 9, 1444.^ — Sir Andrew Ogilvy of Inchmartine granted
and for ever confirmed to the venerable men, the Prior and

Scott and the witnesses mentioned were Fife Lairds. An alteration of the
grant took place on the 31st of July 1460, when William Scott of Balwearie,
his son, confirmed an assedation of the Friar's Meadow of Flawcraig, which
the Prior and Convent had granted to John Scott of Fingask, and his heirs,
for the annual payment of one boll of white pease, " well cleansed, within our
Monastery, in the first week of Lent." Both were ancestors of Sir William
Scott of Balwearie, eldest son of William Scott of Balwearie, by Isobel, daughter
of Sir John MoncrieflF of Moucriefi: This Sir William Scott, who was a
lineal descendant of the famous wizard Michael Scott, was appointed one of
the first Judges of the Court of Session at its institution on the 27th of May
1532. The ruins of Balwearie Castle are near Kirkcaldy.
* This grant was confirmed by David de Wemyss, then proprietor of Inch
martine, by a charter dated 22d August 1421.
t It is stated iu the charter that the Prior and Convent had advanced a
sum of money to Mr. Pullour in his " necessity," and that they had paid
debts which he says " he owed to several persons." This advancing of money
on property was almost a certain means of eventually obtaining complete
possession. This grant was also confirmed by David Wemyss of Inchmartine,
on the 22d of August 1421. Sir David de Wemyss was the eldest son of Sir
John de Wemyss of Reres and Kincaldrum, who married Isobel, one of the
daughters and co-heiresses of Sir Alan Erskine of Inchmartine.

14 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
Convent of the Predicant Friars of Perth, those nine shil
lings of annual rent yearly payable to him out of a certain
croft of the said Friars ; also eleven shillings and eight pennies
of annual rent out of the land of WiUiam Scoule, in the North
Street of the said burgh, between the land of Alexander
Bunch on the east, and the land of Wilham Toung on the
west, in the manner of a true and fair excambion for twenty
shillings of annual rent out of the estate of Kinnaird, and out
of other lands lying in the Earldom of Atholl, within the shire
of Perth, of old granted to the said Friars in alms by the late
Sir John de Inchmartine, Lord of that Ilk ; " reserving always
the pious suffrages of prayers to be made by the said Friars
for the souls of the Lords of Inchmartine, as from ancient
times has been in use and wont.
August 20, 1452. — Wilham de Hay,t Earl of ErroU, granted
to the Predicant Friars of Perth L.4 yearly out of his lands of
Inchyra, and also confirmed the charter granted by Sir Gilbert
de Hay on the 6th of May 1324, of twenty shillings yearly
out of the said lands. The Friars were to perform several
spiritual services, on the pain of forfeiting the donation. If
the Earl or his successors should hereafter contradict or ques
tion the said donation, or any part of it, they were to pay to
the Friars, within forty days, L.200 of the usual money of
Scotland, even before the cause should be tried in judgment.
This donation was for the salvation of the soul of the Earl, the
soul of Beatrix his Countess, and the souls of their parents,
predecessors, and successors. — " The said Prior and Convent,
and their successors for the time being, shall cause and ordain
a weU-qualified Friar of the said place, whom they shall choose
or depute for that purpose, to celebrate one mass every day
for ever, between the hours of ten and twelve, at the altar of
* This charter has reference to the one granted by Sir John de Inchmar
tine within the Octave of Ascension-Day 1334.
t William de Hay was created Earl of Erroll by James IL in the year he
granted the above charter, and he died in 1470. He married Beatrice Douglas,
daughter of James third Lord Dalkeith, ancestor of the Earls of Morton.
This Earl's grandson, Thomas Hay, who married Margaret de Logic, heiress
of the Barony of Logie-Almond, succeeded to the Earldom about 1535. The
Earls of Erroll had a town residence in Perth at the south end and west side
of the Watergate.

THE DOMINICAN MONASTERY. 15
St. John the Evangehst and Nicolas the Confessor, in their
foresaid Church, where some of our predecessors are buried
and are resting, for our souls, and the souls of aU faithful men
deceased ; and the said Friar employed to celebrate this mass
shaU be bound to exhort the people at the beginning of the
said mass that, for the souls of all the foresaid persons, and
for our ovm soul, and the soul of our said consort, they shall
say one Paternoster, with the angelic salutation of Ave Maria,
by no means omitting that coUect Fidelium Deus. Moreover,
the said Prior and Convent, and their successors, shall be bound
to celebrate an anniversary yearly after our decease, when it
shaU happen. And if it shaU come to pass, which God forbid,
that the said Prior and Convent, or their successors in their
foresaid Church, shall, for whatever cause, desert from the fore
said service during the space of one whole month, or, contrary
to their duty, shaU not fulfil the same service in whole or in
part, unless it be because of mortality, a great famine prevail
ing in the country at the time, or the conflagration of the
foresaid to'wn or Convent, so that they shall not be able for
these causes to sustain themselves conventuaUy in their fore
said Church, then we will, and by the tenor of this present
charter ordain, and this with the present consent of the
said Friars, that our heirs and successors, by their own proper
authority, without leave asked of any person in this hfe, shall
take and uplift the foresaid L.5 of annual rent, and shall allo
cate, unite, and assign the said annual rent to a qualified monk
or chaplain to celebrate divine service at an altar in the Monas
tery of Coupar,* in the church of Erroll, or anywhere else, as
it shaU please them ; the said annual rent never afterwards to
be levied or in any way possessed by the said Prior, Convent,
or their successors, or by any other in their name."f
* The Monastery at Coupar-Angus was a Cistertian Abbey, founded in the
centre of a Roman Camp by Malcolm IV. in 1164, and amply endowed. Its
ruins intimate that it was a building of considerable magnitude. At the
Reformation the revenue was L.1230, and considerable payments in victual.
Its destruction was completed by a mob from Perth, though before the Refor
mation it was in a state of decay.
+ This charter was followed by a precept of sasine in favour of the Prior
and Convent, granted by the Earl of Erroll on the 4th of September 1542.

16 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
March 31, 1455. — John de Haddington, burgess of Perth,
resigned to Mr John de Musselburgh, Prior of the Predicant
Friars, the whole of his orchard, with its pertinents, lyiag
between the Castle Gavel, between the North Inch of the said
burgh of Perth and the land of the said Prior and Convent
from the west, which orchard he held from the said Prior and
Convent off the King.
July 15, 1459. — Edmund Hay of Leys granted to the
Predicant Friars of Perth, out of his estate of Leys, one boll
of wheat yearly, to be dehvered for their sustenance before the
Festival of the Nativity, or at what other time they shall
please. July 20, 1459. — John Fotheringham, burgess of Perth,
granted to the Predicant Friars of Perth forty shiUings of
annual pension, out of his land or tenement on the north side
of the North Street of Perth.*
February 4, 1463-4. — Laurence Dryden, burgess of Perth,
granted to the Predicant Friars of Perth L.5 of annual rent
out of his house or tenement in the street caUed the Kirkgate,
for the salvation of the souls of " James the First and James
the Second, Kings of Scotland, of worthy memory, and for the
safety of the most excellent Prince our Sovereign Lord James
the Third, the most illustrious King of Scots, for the salvation
of the souls of my father and my mother, for the salvation
of my own soul, and of the souls of my predecessors and
successors.'' f
* As John Fotheringham was a witness to the grant of the boll of wheat
by Hay of Leys only five days previously, he probably was infected by the
example of the Laird. The Earl of Erroll, who had some connection with
Fotheringham's property, confirmed his donation on the following day, and
added two merks of annual rent out of the same tenement, which is described
iu an old hand on the back of the charter— "Now David Scharp's on the
north side of the North Gait," and in later writing—" Now Alexander
Chalmers' acres."
t This grant of the loyal Mr. Laurence Dryden was confirmed, ex officio,
on the 6th of the same month, by Humphrey Murray, one of the Bailies of
Perth. Robert Shackloch was then Prior. In a marginal note, written on
the charter in 1588, the tenement is described as " umquhil Alexander
Lourie'sland, Alexander Glass, and Constantine Melice's acres' land;" and
no the back, in a more modern hand—" Now the heirs of Alexander Whytt
Andrew Hamilton, and Charles Wilson."

THE DOMINICAN MONASTERY. 17
May 16, 1468. — Andrew Purrock, burgess of Perth, sells
his tenement on the Curfew Road to Robert Frew, his heirs
and assignees, to pay yearly out of the said tenement to the
Predicant Friars of Perth eight shillings.*
November 9, 1469. — Agnes Dryden, daughter of the de
ceased Laurence Dryden, grants to the Predicant Friars of
Perth eight shiUings of annual rent out of a tenement in the
Castle-Gavel, and two shillings of annual rent out of the
tenement adjoining; also her garden or orchard, lying on
the north side of the King's way, which passes to the East
Inch, between the said Inch on the east part and the land of
Thomas Mathison on the west part,t " for the maintenance of
one mass to be daily and annually celebrated by one of the
Friars of the said Convent for the souls of James the First
and James the Second, the most iUustrious Kings of Scots, of
excellent memory ; for the soul of the most iUustrious Prince
James the Third, our present supreme King ; for the souls
of the said Laurence, of his father, mother, and of all the
faithful dead." |
* On the back of this charter is written in an old hand — " Nunc pertinens
Johanni Rohertson, mailman ;" and in a more modem hand — " Now David
Jack's." t The first-mentioned tenement is described as that inhabited by Robert
Brusson on the west side of the Castle-Gavel street, between the land of John
Peebles on the south, and the aqueduct of the mills on the north. John
Peebles is noticed as the tenant of the other. On the back of the charter is
written — "Nunc Thomce Dundee et hmredum Boherti Gow ;" and in a more
modern hand — " Two lands on the west side of the Skinnergate, now the
acres of Patrick Dundee." Of the garden or orchard it is written in an
old hand — "Hortum nunc terra Johannis Swintoun, annuatini nunc 16

J It is curious that this pious and loyal lady forgets her own soul. This
charter and that of her father were confirmed bj' her husband, Stephen Jaffray,
burgess of Perth, on the 22d of January 1469-70. Mr. Jafii-ay's charter of
confirmation is attested by the usual sign-manual of David Donyng, Master
of Arts, Presbyter of St. Andrew's, and Notary Public, who was apparently
the writer of the charter. Thomas Donyng is mentioned as Prior, in a charter
dated 8th November 1486. He was probably a brother of David Donyng,
Master of Arts. In a charter dated 4th January 1490-1, in which a tenement
was assigned in feu to Sir Sylvester Rattray of that Ilk, for the annual pay
ment of ten shillings, the " Reverend Father" John Millar is recorded as
Provincial Prior of the Black Friars within Scotland, and David Boyd was
then the Prior of the Convent at Perth. o

18 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
April 24, 1470.— Robert Shacklock, Prior, and the Con
vent, resign in fee-farm to Thomas Mathison, a tenement and
garden, with aU and sundry their pertinents, lying between the
land of Cornelius Taylor on the west, the land of Alexander
Lothian on the east, and the road extending to the waU of
the east garden of the said Friars on the north, for the pay
ment of an annual rent of thirty shiUings ; and if the said
Thomas, his heirs and assignees, failed in payment of the said
rent for three successive terms, then the tenement and garden
were to return to the Convent.*
Septemher 5, 1491. — Elizabeth Sandilands.f relict of James
Fotheringham of Fordel, resigned to the Predicant Friars of
Perth a house with gardens or orchards, with the pertinents,
lying between the garden of Sir Sylvester Rattray of that Ilk,
Knight, on the east, the croft of the foresaid Friars on the
west, the common road adjoining to the aqueduct of the mills
of the burgh of Perth on the south, and the great stank of
the said Friars on the north. And the said Elizabeth bound
herself never in any way to revoke this resignation. After
resignation, as now expressed, David (Boyd), the foresaid
Prior, faithfully bound himself to the foresaid Elizabeth
Sandilands to cause one mass to be celebrated once every week
for the soul of the said James, and for her also during the
time of her life. Moreover, the said Prior bound himself to
the foresaid Elizabeth, to cause the Friars, his brothers of the
said Place, yearly on the anniversary of the day of the death
of the foresaid James Fotheringham, in all future times to
celebrate, for the soul of the said James, one mass with singing,
* This is one of numerous similar transactions in which the Prior and Con
vent conveyed their houses and gardens, in various parts of the " Fair City,"
for the payment of an annual specified sum. The above may be taken as an
example of the rest.
t This lady is supposed to have been of the family of Sandilands of Calder,
ancestors of the Lords Torphichen. The Fotheringhams of Fordel for
several generations were of considerable note, but her husband was the last of
them who possessed the estate, as it became by purchase or otherwise the
property of George Brown, Bishop of Dunkeld, who gave it in 1493 to
Richard Brown, his brother; and it continued in that family till by the
marriage of Antonia Brown it was conveyed to Dunlop of that Ilk in Ayrshire,
her husband. Fordel is near the post village of Damhead in the Perthshire
portion of the parish of Arngask, on the boundary of Kinross-shire.

THE DOMINICAN MONASTERY. 19
together with Placebo and Dirige, for which services the
foresaid Elizabeth bound herself as above, and also to pay
yearly to the said Prior and Convent ten shillings of the usual
money of Scotland, in equal portions at the two usual terms of
the year, out of her lands of Bawstiswy,* with their pertinents,
in the shire of Perth. Witnesses — James Ramsay, Sir Paul
Fowlis, and Friar Thomas Arnot, Presbyters ; also many
others, who were called to witness the premises. Written and
attested by me, Henry Clerk, Master of Arts, Presbyter of the
Provincial Diocese of Dunkeld, f and Notary by unperial and
regal authority."
September 20, 1492. J — Andrew Mathison, son and heir of
the deceased Thomas Mathison, burgess of Perth, resigns in
perpetual feu to Robert Pendall and Janet his spouse his
whole and entire tenement, with its pertinents, lying without
the Castle -Gavel Bridge on the north side of the same,
between the land of Alexander Paterson on the east, and the
land of James Anderson on the west ; out of which the said
Robert, his wife, and their heirs, are to pay thirty shillings of
annual rent to the Prior and Convent of the Predicant Friars
of Perth, forty pennies of annual rent to the Prior and Con
vent of St. Andrew's, six shillings eight pennies to the Altar
of St. Thomas the Apostle in the parish church of Perth, and
twenty shUhngs of annual rent to the said Andrew Mathison
and his heirs.
April 24, 1493. — Sir Silvester Rattray of that Ilk resigns
and alienates a land, garden, and pertinents, lying between the
land of James Fotheringham of Fordel on the west, the land
of John Randall on the east, the way of the common aqueduct
on the south, and the common road which passes to the Placa
of the Predicant Friars of Perth on the north, to an honest
woman, Elizabeth Buttergask, his true assignee, to be holden
of the Friars, who are to be paid ten shiUings annually out of
the said land and garden.
* Sic in MS.
+ In a subsequent charter designated Vicar of Aberuthven, a parish now
annexed to that of Auchterarder in the county of Perth.
t This charter is merely following out one granted on the 8th of November
1486, of the resignation of a tenement, including house, shop, and garden,
beyond the Castle-Gavel Bridge, by Andrew Mathison to Robert Pendall.

20 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
January 24, 1495-6. — Angus Robertson, burgess, grants
in perpetual ahns to Prior Robert Park, and to the Predicant
Friars of Perth, his whole entire land or tenement, with its
pertinents, lying 'without the Castle Gavel of the said burgh,
and the street passing to the church of the said Friars on the
east side of the same street, between the land of Robert
Donaldson on the south, and theland of JohnBlyth on the north.
The said land, with the garden and pertinents of the same, to
be held and retained by the foresaid Prior and Convent of the
foresaid Predicant Friars, and their successors, " from me, my
heirs and assignees, of our Sovereign Lord the King, in pure
and perpetual alms, and for divine orisons for ever. The said
Prior and his Convent, and their successors, shall annually,
on the anniversary-day of my decease, and on the night pre
ceding, cause divine service and obsequies to be performed,
with Placebo and Dirige, and on the morrow a maes De Requie,
for my soul, the soul of my wife, the souls of all my prede
cessors and successors, and the souls of aU the faithful dead.
Also, the bellman of the town of Perth shall be forewarned by
the foresaid Prior and Convent annually to admonish and in
vite all persons to resort to the Church of the Monastery, and
to the obsequies there to be performed, on the anniversary-day
of my decease. These things to be rendered instead of all
other burden, service, or exaction." *
April 18, 1497. — " To all who shall see or hear this char
ter. Friar Robert Park, Prior of the Order of the Predicant
Friars of Perth, and the Convent of the same place, with
eternal salvation in the Lord : Know that we, being chapterly
convened under House, with unanimous consent and assent, and
with the consent, assent, and authority of a venerable man
and discreet Friar, Ninian Shank, Provincial of the said Order
within the Kingdom of Scotland, have granted, and for ever
confirmed, in fee-farm to our beloved John Pullour, burgess
of the said burgh of Perth, that whole and entire land, garden,
or orchard, vnth its pertinents, lying above the Inch miU-lead
of the said burgh, on the north side of the same, between the

* The above charter is a curious illustration of the anxiety for posthumous
fame before tombstones were much in fashion.

THE DOMINICAN MONASTERY. 21
land or garden of the late Sir Silvester Rattray of that Ilk,
Knight, on the west, the land of WUliam Aitkin on the east,
the common road which goes to our church on the north, and
the mill-lead of the said burgh on the south; which land, with
its pertinents, was formerly belonging to John RandaU,
burgess of the said burgh, in heritage, but which he of his own
accord resigned into our hands, and quitted all claim to for
ever. The whole and entire foresaid land to be held and
retained to the foresaid John Pullour, his heirs and assignees,
in perpetual heritage and fee-farm of us and our successors,
and with all its just liberties and commodities whatever. The
said John Pullour, his heirs and assignees, to render out of it
annuaUy to us and our successors of the said Place, twenty
shUUngs of annual rent, in equal portions at the two usual
terms of the year, viz. of Pentecost, and of St. Martin in
vnnter; faihng which, the said land, with its pertinents, shall
fuUy and entirely return to us and our successors."
March 18, 1499-1500. — SimUar charter by the Prior and
Convent to John Brisson, Burgess of Perth, with the consent
of David Anderson, Provincial of the Predicant Friars in Scot
land, of a tenement and orchard near the Convent, for the
annual payment of fifteen shiUings.
March 16, 1501-2. — Similar charter by Prior Robert Park
and the Convent to Andrew Robertson, with consent of the
above-mentioned Provincial of the Order, of a house and
garden near the Convent, for the annual payment of sixteen
shilhngs. January 31, 1504-5. — Similar charter by Prior Robert
Park, with consent of the same Provincial of the Order, of a
tenement and garden near the Convent, to Andrew Bunch,
burgess of Perth, for the annual payment of forty shillings.
May 15, 1505. — John Eviot,* Laird of Balhousie, grants
to the Friars thirty-three shillings four pennies of annual rent
out of his croft called the Barn's Croft, betwixt the North
Inch of the burgh of Perth on the east, a footpath extending
* It appears from various documents that the Evicts were proprietors of
Balhousie for nearly three hundred years. The above John Eviot, son and
successor of Richard Eviot of Balhousie, is mentioned as a witness iu a charter
of the Black Friars, dated 18th March 1499-1500.

22 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
to Balhousie on the west, the Gilten Herbar* on the south,
and the common lane of Balhousie on the north, for the cele
bration in the choir of the church, at the high altar, of a mass,
with memorial of the most glorious Mary, always a Virgin,
according as the season of the year shall exact and require.
And if his heirs refused or revoked this donation, he bound
them to pay in full to the Prior and Convent the sum of L.40
of the money of Scotland. If the said Prior and Convent, or
their successors, shall desist from celebrating the said Dominical
Mass, or shaU neglect it four Lord's-days successively, the said
annual rent shall revert freely and peaceably to him and his
heirs. Jitly 20, 1506. — Prior Robert Park, and the Convent, with
'' The Gilten Herbar was a local designation of the Gilded Arhotir, which
was in the King's garden at Perth. On the 19th of July 1535, a letter was
E'idressed to William Lord Ruthven, Sheriff of the county of Perth, by James V.,
to "do justice" to the Black Friars, in opposition to the Provost, Magistrates,
and Town-Council, who had taken illegal possession of " certain crofts and
pieces of land " near their Monastery, the patrimony and property of the said
Friars in times bygone, past memory of man ;" and who had thrown down and
destroyed a part of the enclosures, and had erected " hutts," or bow-marks, on
a part of their crofts and lands called the Gilded Herbar, had " spulzeit them
of their possession thereof, and will not desist therefrom, nor refund to them
the damage and skaith they have sustained through down-casting of their
dykes, without they be compelled, as is alleged." The Prior and Convent
do not seem to have been at times on friendly terms with the Town-Council
of Perth. Such corruptions as Gilten Herhar for Gilded Arbour are very
common in Scotland. St. Madoes, a small parish near Perth, is pronounced
Semidores ; a locality on the west of Dundee, and on the banks of the Tay,
called the Magdalene Yard, is better known as the Maidlin Guard; the parish
of Ealliugry in Fife is abbreviated to Bingry ; and the hamlet of Restalrig,
between Edinburgh and Leith, is very commonly designated Le^terrick.
Numerous other instances could be given, and it is remarkable that many of the
inhabitants are utterly ignorant of the proper designation of their localities.
A peasant in the parish of Cockpen and neighbourhood will declare that he
never heard of Dalhousie Castle, but he knows it well when it is pronounced
Duwhissie. In this aff'air of the Gilten Herhar at Perth, Prior George Crichton
and the Friars protested, on the 16th of August, that they had been refused a
copy of the King's letter to Lord Ruthven ; and on the 18th of that month
James V. reversed the order he had issued to his Lordship, and with the
consent of parties appointed Patrick Ogilvy of Inchmartine, and Edmund Hay,
chamberlain or " bailie" of Erroll, to be judges in the plea. On the 3d of
July 1536, the King issued a summons to those gentlemen to exercise the ofiice
of the sheriff' in the dispute. The aff'air was not decided in 1538, when, on
the 10th of May, the King commanded witnesses to be summoned.

THE DOMINICAN MONASTERY. 23
consent of David Anderson, Provincial of the Order, grant to
JohnLowson and Mariotte Salmond his wife, and their children,
a tenement with garden and orchard, within the property of the
Monastery, for the annual payment of thirty-two shiUings.
August 20, 1517. — SimUar grant by Robert Lyle, Prior,
and the Convent, with consent of John Adamson, Provincial
Prior of the Order, to Andrew Ferrier, skinner, burgess of
Perth, and his lawful children, of the house, garden, and
orchard, possessed in liferent by Elizabeth Buttergask ; also,
another tenement and garden held by Andrew Robertson in
fee-farm from the Convent, out of which Andrew Ferrier was
to pay to the Convent the annual sum of ten shillings. The
said Andrew to lose all right if he sublet or lease the garden or
orchard for buUding to any master of a school for teaching,
or to any one who retains a number of boys, or to any
persons publicly exhibiting shows, and persevering in such
illicit acts, and if Andrew himself and his said heirs do not
remove persons of this kind at the very next term, or after
having been required so to do by the Prior and Convent, or
their successors.*
May 31, 1520. — James Young, Prior, and the Convent,
with consent of John Adamson,! Professor of Sacred Theology,
and Provincial Prior of the Order, grant to Janet PuUour, her
heirs and assignees, an entire tenement and garden near the
Convent for the annual payment of sixteen shillings. ^
June 24, 1525. — Elizabeth Gray, Countess Dowager of
Huntly, § made a gift to the Prior and Predicant Friars of the
* On the 30th of July 1523, George Ferrier, son and nearest heir of the
deceased Andrew Ferrier, obtained seisin of the grant in this charter.
t Hector Boece mentions (Lib. xiii.) a remarkable reformation of the
Dominicans or Black Friars in Scotland, about the beginning of the sixteenth
centui-y, by " John Adamson, a man of our own time, celebrated for his piety
and erudition, who received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from our (King's)
College of Aberdeen."
X This property was afterwards conveyed, on the 19th of April 1533, to
Alexander Lindsay, burgess of Perth, Janet Bunch his spouse, and their heirs,
with the consent of John Grierson, Provincial of the Order in Scotland, whose
official approval seems to have been in all such cases indispensable.
§ Eldest daughter of Andrew third Lord Gray, and widow of John sixth
Lord Glammis. Her Ladyship was the second Countess of Alexander third
Earl of Huntly, by whom she had no children.

24 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
half lands of Littleton,* for the praise, glory, and honour of
Almighty God, for the salvation of her own soul, and the soul
of the late Alexander Earl of Huntly, Lord of Badenoch, her
most beloved husband, who conferred many benefits upon her.
But because among the several religious fraternities in the King
dom of Scotland who receive in common any property, such as
lands or annual rents, the Predicant Friars are poor, promoters
of religion, conforming to the rules of their spiritual fathers,
reformed, abstaining from all kinds of flesh agreeably to their
own constitutions and those of their spiritual fathers, so that
in life and doctrine they are an excellent pattern to the people,
the Countess chose them to perform the prayers and divine
obsequies. f She accordingly grants to the Convent of the
Predicant Friars of Perth her whole and entire half of all and
sundry the lands of Littleton, with their pertinents, lying
within the shire of Perth, for the suffrages of prayers and other
divine services hereinafter mentioned, in pure and perpetual
alms — " the said Friars and their successors to render to me
and my heirs, for satisfaction of my lord superior of the said
lands, two pennies of the current money of Scotland, on the
ground of the said lands, in the name of maill. Also the said
Friars and their successors shall be bound and obliged, as in law
and equity they may, to chant and celebrate solemnly, with a
memorial, in their purple vestments, with deacon, sub-deacon,
* The lands of Littleton form part of the parish of Longforgan in the
Carse of Gowrie.
+ It appears from this preamble that the Countess of Huntly had taken as
correct the account which the Friars gave of themselves. As to the " poverty"
of the worthy Black Friars of Perth, these abstracts of their charters tell a
difi'erent story. It is clear, that from the date of the foundation of their
Monastery to the period of its dissolution, they gradually acquired much valu
able property. John Knox says of them, when their Monastery was violently
demolished by a mob whom he had excited — " The lyke aboundance was not
in the Black Friars (as in the Grey Friars), and yet there was more than
became men professing poverty." — History of the Reformation in Scotland,
vol. i. Edin. edit. 1732, p. 128. As for the Countess of Huntly, " she
entertained," says Mr. Scott, " a favourable opinion of the (Black) Friars. They
had lately been reformed, and reduced to their ancient state and manner of life,
by means of a very eminent man, Friar John Adamson, Professor of Divinity,
and Provincial of the whole Dominican Order within the Kingdom of Scotland,
whose pious labours with the Fraternity are celebrated by Hector Boethius,
Lib. xiii."

TIIE DOMINICAN MONASTERY. 2.5
and assisting servants, in their choir, between the hours of
seven and nine daily, one mass of repose for the comfortable
rest of my soul, and of the soul of the late Alexander my
husband;* the solemn days and principal festivals excepted,
which, according to the Ordinary or Calendar ofthe said Friars,
are double, on which days a mass shall be celebrated for us out
of the Festival, with a collect, and memorial for our souls. Also
every year, on the day of the decease of my said husband, viz.
on the 16th day of the month of January, they shall celebrate
for our souls funeral exequies, or an anniversary, with nine
lessons, with due solemnity. But if the said Friars or their
successors shall cease to celebrate the said mass and exequies
above written, they shall be bound to resign and renounce unto
the hands of the Lord superior for the time the said lands of
Littleton, at ray requisition if I be alive, or after my death at
the requisition of the late Earl my husband, or, if they be
negligent in the matter, at the recognition of John Crichton
of Strathurd, Knight, and his heirs, in favour of any other
religious house willing to accept the foresaid burden, which
house likewise faihng, in favour of any other honest church
accepting the burden, at the choice and nomination of the
Archbishop of St Andrews and of the Bishop of Dunkeld who
shall be at the time, with my consent, or with the consent of
the heirs of my said husband, or of the said John Crichton. —
And "with this matter I charge their consciences. Moreover,
the said Friars and their successors, or other ecclesiastical men
whatever, accepting the said lands, with the burdens, shall
be bound in this matter, now, and as often as there shall be
occasion, to submit themselves wholly to the jurisdiction and
government of the said Archbishop of St Andrews and Bishop
of Dunkeld, as by the reason and tenor of this bipartite charter
they now submit themselves, by renouncing their own proper
jurisdictions, exemptions, and privileges whatever, granted or
which may be granted to them; so that the said Archbishop
* This Earl of Huntly, who died in January 1523-4, was buried in the choir
of the Church of the Black Friars at Perth. He was at one time proprietor
of the Castle of Ruthven, now called Huntingtower, near Perth, and his eldest
son was infoft in it in 1510, but it reverted to the family of Ruthven.

26 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
and Bishop, or their Vicar-General, Officials, or Commissaries,
may compel the said Friars, or others whatever accepting the
foresaid burden, to a due observance of the premises in all
points and articles above written, by using ecclesiastical censures,
and, if need be, by citation, admonition, excommunication,
aggravation, re-aggravation, and interdiction. And farther,
because I, the said Countess Elizabeth, contributed and
delivered, for repairing and edifying the dormitory of the said
Place, when it was altogether ruinous, the sum of three
hundred merks, of the money of Scotland, the said Friars and
their successors shall be bound to say every night, after their
midnight and most early devotions, the psalm De Profundis,
with the prayer Inclina, at the sepulchre of the said Alexander
my husband, who lies buried in the choir of the said Friars,
reciting our names Alexander and Elizabeth, and this for the
safety of our souls. Every week also, in their chapterly meet
ing, they shall commend our souls in their suffrages, special
and general, as well of their missals as of their other jjrayers :
and in this instant year, all and sundry the Friars, Priests of
the said Place, shall remember and make special mention of
my state, and of the soul of the said Alexander my late hus
band. That all the premises may be more pure, and have
perpetual effect, if it should happen that the said Archbishop,
Bishop, the heirs of the late Earl my husband, and the heirs
of John Crichton, shall, after I have yielded to the fates, allow
the said suffrages and divine services to pass into neglect and
oblivion, in that case I constitute and ordain the Prior and
Religious Men of the Carthusian Monastery, near Perth, over
seers of this foundation as far as they may ; and it shall be
lawful for them, in the foresaid case, to require not only the
foresaid Friars, and the heirs of the said late Earl, and of John
Crichton, but also the said Archbishop and Bishop, their
successors, OflScials, and Commissaries, to fulfil, execute, and
observe all the premises; and on finding them remiss to execute
the premises themselves for the security of the celebration
of the said mass, exequies, and other suffrages, and for that
purpose to solicit the authority, and cause to be executed the
processes, of the Sovereign Pontiff. — At Perth, before these
ivitnesses— a venerable man and father in Christ, Alexander

THE DOMINICAN MONASTERY. 27
(Stewart), Commendator of Scone and Inchaffray, and an
honourable man, Patrick Charteris, Provost of Perth."*
September 2, 1525. — Sir Edward Gray, Laird of Inchyra,
compeared on the grounds of Inchyra, and gave seizin and
possession of twelve merks yearly to the Black Friars. Sir
John Gray craved public instruments. Witnesses — Andrew
Murray, Patrick Gray, and Robert Mather. Thomas Walker
writes the notarial attestation to the grant of Sir Edward Gray.f
May 11, 1526. — The Friars grant a piece of land near
the aqueduct of the mills of Perth, to WiUiam Cock and
Margaret Donaldson, his spouse, and their heirs, for the
annual payment of five shillings, failing which, the ground
to revert to the Convent.
August 30, 1530. —Wilham RoUo, or RoUock, baker,
burgess of Perth, resigns to the Friars his shop in the North
* The Friars, of course, willingly accepted the donation, and o;i the same
day seizin was granted on the lands of Littleton, in conformity to the
authority vested by the Countess in her " beloved " David Lindsay of Edzell,
Knight, Master David Lindsay his son, and Andrew Harvey, her Bailie.
Attested by Thomas Walker, Presbyter of the Diocese of St Andrews, by
sacred apostolical authority Notary- Public, &c. Sir John Crichton was a
son-in-law of the Countess, and as her sou John Lord Glammis refused to
allow the Friars possession of the lands, James V., on the 14th of December
1527, issued a mandate to Sir John Crichton and William Anderson, his
Sheriffs, enjoining them to compel Lord Glammis, as the immediate superior,
to resign the property to the Friars. On the 25th of April 1528, the Friars
granted a reversion of the lands of Littleton to Patrick Lord Gray for the
sum of six hundred merks of the usual money of Scotland, and on the 18th
of May that year, James V. issued a summons to Lord Glammis, who obsti
nately refused to relinquish the property, to appear before the Privy Council
at Edinburgh, and hear himself deprived of the superiority of the lands of
Littleton. On the 3d of August the refractory Lord Glammis had so far
yielded, that Lord Gray, as superior of the lands, granted legal seizin of
the same to the Friars. On the 17th of December, however, William Lord
Ruthven, Sheriff of the County, granted a, precept for replacing a tenant
of the Prior and Convent who had been expelled by Lord Gray. It will be
seen in a subsequent part of these abstracts that the property of Littleton was
often the subject of litigation between the Friars and the Gray family.
+ Sir Edward Gray, a son of Andrew third Lord Gray, was an ecclesiastic.
He was half-brother of Elizabeth Gray, Countess of Huntly. On the 6th of
April 1529, King James V. granted a precept to the Provost and Bailies to
infeft Sir Edward Gray, his chaplain of the church of Loretto, in tenements
situated in Argyll Gate and others. — Perth Town-Council Records, vol. i.

28 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
Street, in the tenement or " fore land" of John Peebles,
merchant.* September 25, 1532. — Prior John Macalpine, and the
Convent, with the consent of John Grierson, Provincial Prior
ofthe Order, grant in feu to Thomas Monypenny and Margaret
Anderson his wife, and their heirs, a tenement, with garden
and orchard, near the Convent, for the annual payment of
thirty-two shillings.
November 23, 1532. — John Ross of Craigie sold to the
Prior and Convent the right of forty shiUings of annual rent
out of the MUl of Craigie, for a certain sum which the said
Prior and Convent had paid to him, of which seizin was
granted on the 12th of November. Attested by Sir Andrew
Ramsay, Presbyter of the Diocese of Dunkeld, and by sacred
authority Notary-Public.
1537. — The half of a tenement without the bridge of the
Castle Gavel was granted by Prior Patrick PiUans and the
Convent to Christian Frew and the heirs of her body, to
" help the said Christian to her marriage portion," for the
annual payment of thirty shillings, f
January 9, 1539-40. — Similar charter to Patrick Murdison,
Janet Christison his wife, and their heirs, of a tenement
without the Castle -Gavel Bridge, on the south side of the
Vennel, leading to the Convent, for the annual payment of
fifteen shillings.
May, 6, 1541. — Similar charter to James Lawson, barber,
burgess of Perth, Helen Wright his wife, and their heirs, of
the tenement formerly belonging to John Pullour, and at the
time to Patrick Murdison, for the annual payment of five
shillings. * William RoUo seems afterwards to have repented of this donation, and
on the 4th of July 1541, the Prior and Friars petitioned the Privy Council to
put them in possession, because, in 1538, the said William Rollo had resigned
the shop " of said Andrew Blacket, one of the Bailies of Perth," iu favour of
Giles Craigie, his niece, and David Nairn, her spouse, to the " manifest
defraud, hurt, and prejudice" ofthe said Friars.
+ This half tenement had been granted, on the 20th of November 1475,
to John Frew, the other half having, on the 16th, been disponed to John
Kinloch. Each party was to pay the annual sum of thirty shillings.

THE DOMINICAN MONASTERY. 29
July 21, 1543.— iancfo of Littleto-n. — 'Patrick fourth Lord
Grey died in 1541, without male issue. Andrew Straiten*
of Laurieston in Kincardineshire, his nephew, and also the
nephew of Elizabeth Gray, Countess of Huntly, claimed a
right to the Barony of Longforgan, including the lands of
Littleton ; and on the 14th of April 1542 resigned the half
of that Barony to James V., who immediately, as superior,
gave seizin to the Black Friars of the property to be held
from himself. Patrick fifth Lord Gray, successor of his uncle
the fourth Lord, procured a reduction of that infeftment and
transaction, and obtained a decree from the Lords of the
Council on the 21st of July 1543. On the 2d of January
1543-4, Lord Gray granted seizin to Robert Borthwick, Prior,
and to the Friars. His Lordship, however, seems not to have
been very sincere in the matter, and on the 20tli of November
1544 the Regent Arran sent a letter to him, earnestly desiring
lum not to prevent the Friars from enjoying the rents of lands
into which they had been so lately put in legal possession
by himself. This epistle had little effect, and on the 14th of
February 1544—5, a summons in the name of Queen Mary
was addressed to the tenants of the half of the lands claimed
by the Friars, to appear before the Privy Council. William
second Lord Ruthven, sheriff of the county, had several
times granted decree in favour of the Friars, but a deadly feud
between him and Lord Gray had rendered the enforcement of
the decree impracticable. On the 5th of March, that year,
the Privy Council ordered the tenants of Littleton to be
distrained, and on the 16th of that month a charge in four
forms was served on the tenants to answer^ the complaint of
the Friars for not paying their dues. On the 13th of April
1546, Robert Eviot, the factor or steward of the Friars,
ordered a summons of removal to the tenants, who were
denounced as rebels, and put to the horn. Lord Gray never-
the less, set this summary procedure at defiance, and protected
the tenants in their refusal to pay the rents to the Friars. On
the 13th of August 1546, his Lordship was summoned to
* A relation, probably a brother, of this gentleman was burnt for heresy,
with a priest named Norman Gourlay, on the 27th of August 1634, at the
Rood of Greenside, on the north-east side of the Calton Plill at Edinburgh.

30 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
appear before Queen Mary and the Privy CouncU. On the 22d
of November his Lordship's procurator denied that he had
intromitted with the Friars' half of the lands of Littleton, and
proof by witnesses was ordered to be taken. On the 18th of
December a decree of the Privy Council ordained letters in
all the four forms to be directed against Lord Gray. Nothing
farther occurs till the 14th of June 1550, when Patrick PUlans
was again Prior, and Queen Mary's letters were obtained by
the Friars for poinding and distraining the lands of Littleton
for the rents due, the lands of Logic for forty cart-loads of
peats, the lands of Balvaird for ten shillings of annual rent,
and the lands of Craigie for forty shillings of the same. John
Pardovan, messenger-at-arms, executed the first summons
against Lord Gray on the 18th of March, and the second on
the 21st of that month 1546-7. The third summons was
given to his Lordship by John Cock, messenger-at-arms, on
the 30th of July 1550, in which he was commanded either to
obey within two days, or enter himself a prisoner within the
Castle of Blackness under pain of rebellion. The fourth was
served by John Cock on the 6th of August that year, when
Lord Gray was a prisoner in the Castle of Edinburgh, and he
was immediately to be denounced a rebel, and his moveable
goods confiscated to the Queen's use, if he continued disobe
dient after two days. A final agreement was effected between
Lord Gray and Prior Patrick PUlans at Edinburgh Castle on
the 6th of August, and this seems to have terminated the
htigation.

The other charters up to the year 1557 are of no interest,
and consist chiefly of conveyance of the tenements near the
Convent to certain citizens of Perth, for the annual payment
of specified sums. The Account-Book of the Black Friars was
begun on the 20th of June 1557, and was continued to the
the 6th of May 1559, five days before the demolition of the
Monastery. Mr Scott observes that this Book is both curious
and useful, as showing what the rents of the Monastery really
were, and what should have been afterwards paid to the poor
of King James VI.'s Hospital at Perth. Mr. Scott adds —

THE DOMINICAN MONASTERY. 31
" 1 he Book was either written by David Cameron, the (Sub)
Prior, or perhaps the sums of money received were only
occasionally attested by him. It is written in some parts in
English and some parts of it in Latin, and in other parts of
it English and Latin words are mixed together in the same
sentence." This Book is entitled — "Liber Batiotinarii Fratrma Prce-
dicatorum Burgi de Perth, quoad recepta in Pccuuiis factus,
Die et Anno quibu.?cunqite supra -in. Principio." The usual
attestation is — "Ita est. Friar David Cameron, Prior."
The spring of 1559 was the last occasion on which the Black
Friars of Perth received any of their money rents, and this
was on Easter Sunday. No sums were paid on or before
Saturday the 6th of iMay, and on the 11th their Monastery was
demolished by the mob. According to Mr. Scott's abstracts
from that Book, the Friars received, from Whitsunday to
Martinmas 1557, in money, probably Scots, L.63 : 15 : 6, or
L.5 : 6 : 3 sterling ; from Martinmas 1557 to Whitsunday 1558,
L.79 : 14 : 10 Scots, or L.6 : 12 : 10 sterling; from Whitsunday
to Martinmas 1558, L.76 : 17 : 6 Scots, or L.6 : 8 : 1 sterhng ;
from Martinmas 1558 to Easter Sunday 1559, L.52 : 1 : 11
Scots, or L.4 : 6 : 9 sterling; — in all, during the two years
before the demolition of the Monastery, L.274 : 9 : 9, or about
L.22 : 14 : 2 sterling. A chartulary of the Black Friars at
Perth is still extant, though not entire. It is divided into
two Parts, and originally consisted of 138 quarto leaves, chiefly
of parchment, but twenty-five leaves have been abstracted
from the second Part. On the outside leaf of the first Part
is written — " Incipit Copia Cartarum Fratrum Prcedicatorum
prope Burgum de Pertht." The title of the second Part is
— " Liber Begistri omnium Cartarum et Evidentiarum Loci
P'ratrum Prcedicatorum prope Burgum de Pertht, factum
Anno DoniiniMillcsimo Quingentesimo Octavo." In this second
Part several of the charters in the first part are re-inserted,
but many are still extant which were never copied into the
chartulary. Before the violent demolition of the Monastery, the Black
Friars had frequent altercations with the citizens, of which
the following is a specimen : —

32 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
May 28, 1543. — " Mary, by the grace of God, Queen of
Scots,* &c.: — Forsameikle as it is humbly meant and com
plained to us by our devout Orators the Prior and Convent of
the Friars Predicators of Perth, upon Alexander Chalmers of
Potty, John Henry, George Crichton, Walter Pyper, John
Davidson, James Rynd, John Mason, whUk with their comphces
and servants, of their causing, command, and ratihabition,
recently, upon the 14th day of May instant, betwixt eight and
nine hours before noon, our said Orators being actually occu
pied in divine service, came to their said Place, and struck up
their front gate, broke the locks and bands of the same, and
siclike broke up two inner doors of the thoroughfare on the
north side of the said cloister, and took away with them the
locks of the same doors ; and broke up the water door, and
took away out of it chandehers and glasses ; and broke their
kitchen door, and took off the fire the kettle with their meat,
and carried it about the town, and yet withhold the kettle and
pewter dishes, one or more, from them ; and also broke their
enclosure gate, which was new made, with great violence and
contemption, to their great damage and skaith, and against
justice if so be. Our wUl is herefore, and we charge you, that
ye lawfully summon, warn, and charge Alexander Chalmers
of Potty, John Henry, George Crichton, Walter Pyper, John
Davidson, James Rynd, John Mason (with their complices),
to compear before Us and our Council at Edinburgh, or where-
ever it shaU happen to be at the time, the  day of 
next to come, in the hour of cause, with continuation of days,
to answer at the instance of our said Orators, the Friar and
Convent ofthe Friars Predicators of our said burgh of Perth." f

* Queen Mary was not at this date fully six months old. The Govemment
was administered by the Regent Arran, who, on the 2d of May 1543, addressed
a letter to the Provost and Bailies of Perth, enjoining them to restore to the
Friars the waste ground of St. Lawrence's Chapel, which they had seized.
+ The remainder of this document, which enumerates the damage done bj'
the rioters within the Monastery, is of no importance. The cause of this
attack on the Monastery is not stated. The price of each of these locks of
the broken doors or gates is estimated at eight shillings ; two brazen chan
deliers, twenty shillings ; two glasses, three shillings ; a large kettle, L.3 ;
two pewter dishes, six shillings, all Scots money, in addition to the damage
sustained by the breaking of the doors.

THE DOMINICAN MONASTERY. 33
The foUowing hst of the " Venerable and Religious Men,
Professors of Sacred Theology, and Provmcial Priors of the
Dominican Fraternity of the Province of the Kingdom of
Scotland," was prepared by Mr. Scott from the charters at
Perth. The dates of the appointments are unknown, and the
list is imperfect.*
1470. John Muir.
1497. Ninian Shank.
1499-1508. David Anderson.
1517-1520. John Anderson.
1526-1558. John Grierson.
SOME OF THE PRIORS OF THE DOMINICAN CONVENT AT PERTH.
1455. John de Musselburgh.
1465-1475, Robert Shacklock.
1486. Thomas Donyng.
1497-1508. Robert Park.
1517. Robert Lite (Little.)
1520. James Young.
1523-1526. Vincentius Litster.
1532-1534. John Macalpin.
1537-1543. Patrick Pillans.
1542-1547. Robert Borthwick.
1550-1559. Patrick Pillans.
From this hst it appears that the office of Prior was elective,
and that, as the Prior was chosen by the Brethren of the
Convent, he held his situation during pleasure. This is proved
by two of the above acting as Sub-Priors, after having filled
the office of Prior. SDB-PRIORS.
1523. James Hewat.
1528. John Litster.
1641-42, Vincentius Litster.
1545, Robert Lite (Little.)
1549-50. David Cameron.
* David Boyd is mentioned as Prior of the Black Friars in 1491. — See
p. 17, 18 of the present volume. 3

34 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
FRIARS.
August 20, 1517. — Alexander Muat, Alexander Mureson,
David Burnet, Andrew Rattray, Robert Aikman, Patrick
Simson, Mauritius Millar, James Colt, Andrew Jackson.
December 29, 1543. — Vincentius Litster, Thomas Robertson,
Alexander Galloway, David Cameron.
January 22, 1546-47. — Alexander Small, Thomas Steill,
John Branwood, David Cameron, James Dod.
April 23, 1549. — Thomas Steill, Mauritius AUan, Thomas
Liston, WilUam Simson, John Meek, Michael NeiU.
The last surviving .Friar was probably John Gray, who
is mentioned in the Kirk-Session Register, under date 19th
August 1577, as enforcing payment of his annuity by legal
process.

ta^fit (JTavtUflite or Wiloitt jFriaris* monastrtg.

CHARTERS OF THE MONASTERY AT TULLILUM NEAR PERTH,
FOUNDED FOR THE WHITE FRIARS, OR FRIARS OF THE
ORDER OF THE BLESSED MARY OF MOUNT- CARMEL.*

fcAY 7, 1361.— King David II. confirmed aU the
donations which his predecessors and others had
granted to the Carmelite Friars within the Kingdom
of Scotland, dated at Aberdeen, and attested by WUliam Landel,
Bishop of St. Andrews, Patrick de Leuchars, Bishop of
Brechin, Chancellor, Robert, Steward of Scotland, Earl of
Stratheam, " our nephew," WUliam Earl of Douglas, Robert
de Brechin, and John de Preston, Knights.
May 15, 1426. — James I. by charter enjoined aU who were
indebted to the Carmelite Friars of Tulhlum to make payment
without delay. Dated at Edinburgh, " in the twenty-first
year of our Reign."
May 4, 1427.— WUliam de Wynd granted to the Carmelite
Friars an annual rent of thirteen shilhngs and four pennies
out of his lands in the south end of the Speygate for the safety
of his own soul, and of the soul of Ehzabeth his -wife, the said
Friars annually observing the anniversary of the donors, on
the day of their decease, and solemnly on that day celebrating
masses, with Placebo and Dirige.
' The charters now. belong to the Hospital of King James VI. at Perth.

36 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
March 20, 1430-1. — Dougal Campbell, Ulegitimate son of
Sir CoUn Campbell of Lochow, * granted to the White Friars
of Perth, during the whole term of his Ufe, an annual rent of
six shilhngs and eight pennies, to be paid on the Festival of
John the Baptist, for the salvation of his soul, of the soul of
his wife, and of the souls of others his parents, predecessors,
and successors.
1432. — Sir Duncan Campbell of Lochow, with the consent
of his son and heir Celestine CampbeU, granted to the White
Friars thirteen shiUings four pennies out of lands in the
Earldom of Menteith within the shire of Perth, for the salvation
of his soul, of the souls of his wife and children, of his prede
cessors and successors, and of all the faithful dead.
April 16, 1436. — Andrew Love, goldsmith, burgess of
Perth, granted to the White Friars an annual rent of five
shillings four pennies out of four strips of land of his croft
near the fullers' mill of the said burgh for a mass of repose
to be sung yearly on the day of his decease, with Placebo
and Dirige.
February 26, 1434r-5. — Gilbert Brown, burgess of Perth,
sold to Sir Simon Bain, chaplain, a croft of land, with the
pertinents, on the west side of the King's road, leading to the
Hospital of St. Leonard, between the ridge of John Donyng
on the north and the Gowk -HaU on the south, out of which
three shillings were to be paid annually to the CarmeUte Friars
of TuUUum.
August 7, 1464. — Christian Thomson, baker, burgess of
Perth, made a donation of his entire tenement in the New Row
to the Carmehte Friars, out of which they were to pay
annuaUy three shillings to the chaplain of St. Ninian's altar in
the parish church of Perth, and three shillings four pennies
annually to Michael Lockhart, his heirs and assignees. Chris
tian Thomson died soon after granting this property to the
White Friars, and Michael Lockhart, who had purchased. from
David narrower an annual rent of three shilhngs eight pennies
payable out of the tenement, disponed the same to the Friars
on the 10th of October 1465 ; the said Prior and Convent,
for the salvation of Mr. Lockhart's soul, and the souls of his
* One of the ancestors of the Earls and Dukes of Argyll.

THE CARMELITE MONASTERY. 37
predecessors, promising to cause sufirages of prayers, with one
Mass, to be celebrated every second week by any Friar of the
Convent, while Mr. Lockhart " lies unburied, " and after his
decease his anniversary to be annually observed.
June 6, 1471. — Andrew Charteris, burgess of Perth,
ahenated to the Carmelite Friars, for a " certain sum of money
which the Prior and Convent in his great necessity had paid
and delivered to him in weU-told money," the sum of fifty
shilhngs out of the tenement of the late Lawrence Dryden, on
the east side of the Kirkgate, the sum of thirteen shillings
four pennies out of the land of the late Andrew Cowpar, also
on the east side of the same street, and the sum of thirteen
shillings four pennies out of the ground of the tenement of
James Fotheringham on the east side of the Meal Vennel, in
fee and heritage for ever.
October 24, 1475. — Alexander Bedystoun, or Balderston,
obhges himself, with the consent of his spouse Marion Bonkle,
to pay to Friar John Walsh, Prior-Provincial, and the Convent
of TuUilum, an annual rent of five merks out of a tenement
belonging to him in feu from the said Convent on the south
side of the North Street.* John Glassmount and Michael
Lockhart bind themselves, conjunctly and severally, their
heirs, executors, and assignees, as securities, faiUng the said
Alexander Bedystoun, or Balderston, to keep the tenement in
repair, that it may pay the foresaid sum.
October 12, 1484. — David Tod, burgess of Perth, signed
an indenture with Friar John Walsh, Provincial Prior of the
Carmelites, binding himself and his heirs to pay four and a
half marks to the Convent of Tulhlum annually out of a
tenement on the south side of the South Street of Perth, -f
November 9, 1494. — John Kinglassy of Unthank, for the
salvation of his own soul, and of the souls of his wife, chUdren,
predecessors, and successors, grants to the Carmelite Friars of
TuUilum an annual rent of thirteen shilhngs and four pennies,
* On the back of the charter are written, in an old hand — " Now Andrew
Marshall's land," and "Now John Drummond, glover, his land;" and in a
modem hand — "John Donaldson's land in the High Gaitt."
+ Written on the back of the charter, in an old hand — " The land now
pertaining to Patrick Inglis;" and in a modern hand — " Now Thomas Inglis'
land."

38 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
to be levied out of his whole and entire tenement* without
the port of the Turret Bridge of Perth, at the west end of the
foresaid burgh, between the road leading to the miUs of the
same burgh on the east, his land or house in which the late
John King resided on the west, the road to the Convent of
the Carmelites on the south, and the tenement of Alexander
Lorimer on the north.
Ap7^il 16, 1495. — Elizabeth Haldane, rehct of Alexander
Kinloch, grants to Robert Dalrymple, Provincial Prior of the
Order of Carmehtes in the Kingdom of Scotland, and his
Convent at Tulhlum, an annual rent of twenty shiUings out
of her tenement on the east side of theWatergate.|
May 30, 1499. — Thomas Duchal, with consent of his son
and heir Thomas Duchal, grants to James Graham, Prior, and
the Carmehte Friars, his tenement on the east side of the Meal
Vennel, :]: in pure and perpetual alms, that they may pray for
him and his son foresaid, and for his predecessors and successors.
July 4, 1499. — Robert Esson resigns his tenement without
the Turret Bridge, on the south side of the same, within the
regality of Aberbrothwick, to Friar James Robertson, Prior,
and the Convent of Friars Carmelites of TuUilum, in pure and
perpetual alms, for suffrages perpetually to be performed by
them after the decease of the foresaid Robert and his wife. §
April 26, 1500.- — Robert Esson grants the above tenement
to the Prior and Convent, on condition that they pay annually
five shiUings to the Abbey of Aberbrothwick, and nine shiUings
to Robert Watson, his heirs and assignees. On the same date
John Simpson, burgess of Perth, grants his tenement without
the Turret Bridge to the Friars, who are to pay flve shilhngs
annuaUy to the Monastery of Aberbrothwick.

* Written on the back of the charter, in an old hand — " Now Robert
Livingstone's land, called Saletthall;" and iu a modern hand — " Now John
Murray's." t In an old hand — " Now Gilbert Ray's land;" and in a more [modem
hand — " Now Kilspindy's."
J On the back, in an old hand — " Now Robert Wilson's, mason, younger;"
and in a more modem hand — " Now John Whytfs, writter,"
§ In an old hand — " Esson his land above the Turret Bridge on the south
fvd;" also — " Now William Cok's land, sett in feu for iive shillings feu-
maill ;" and in a modern hand — " Now David Laing's."

THE CARMELITE MONASTERY. 39
August 20, 1500. — FinlayReid, burgess of Perth, resigned
into the hands of Walter Tyrie, one of the Bailies of Perth, a
tenement on the east side of the New Row, and the said Baihe
gave seizin and perpetual possession of the annual rent of eight
shiUings, to the Prior and Convent ofthe Carmehtes.*
May 27, 1514. — John Mathison, burgess of Perth, grants
seizin to Richard Liddel, Sub-Prior, and the Friars, of the
annual rent of twenty shUhngs out of his tenement on the east
side of the Watergate, and confirming the donation of Elizabeth
Haldane, reUct of Alexander Kemlok or Kinloch, on the 16th
of AprU 1495.
April 19, 1551. — Alexander Thomson, Prior of TuUilum, f
and the Convent, acknowledge the loan of L.30 borrowed from
John Gray, burgess of Perth, for the repair of the Monastery,
and aUocate to him two boUs two firlots of barley, and two
boUs two firlots of oatmeal, to be annually delivered to him
and his spouse Ehzabeth Rollo, imtU they are able to repay
the above sum.

Alexander Young was the last Prior of the Carmelites or
White Friars of Tulhlum. He chose to conform to the
Reformation, and became minister of the adjoining parish of
Tibbermore. He was ahve in 1593, when John Young was
minister of Methven, and he was allowed a pension of L.20
per annum by Mr. John Row (the first Protestant minister of
Perth) and the Kirk-Session out of the sequestrated revenues
of his once richly-endowed Monastery, f
* On the back — " Now Mungo Campbell's land;" and, in a rental-book,
or inventory, written in 1658, said to be the property at that time of George
Auchinlek. t On the 14th of October 1509, Mr. James Robertson, Prior of TuUilum,
obtained seizin -of a tenement on the north side of the North or High Street.
In 1519 Andrew is mentioned as Prmcipal of the Carmelites within Scotland.
— Perth Town-Council Records, vol. i.
J Robert Ritchie is also mentioned as the last Prior of the Carmelites at
Perth. On the 5th of December 1569 he reported to the Master of the
Hospital that the then annual rent of the Carmelite Convent was only L.4 -.ISs.
sterling. On the 15th of March 1580-1 this Robert Ritchie was so poor, that
the sum of ten shillings Scots, or tenpence sterling, awarded to him by the
Kirk-Session, was an object to him.

Cije (ttarti)usian Monmtnn ox €\)axUx\f(}mt.

TRANSLATIONS AND ABRIDGMENTS OF THE CHARTERS* OF THE
" PRIOR ET CONVENTUS DOMtTS VALLIS VIRTUTIS ORDINIS
CARTHUSIENSIS, PROPE BURGUM DE PERTH," OR, " THE
PRIOR AND CONVENT OF THE HOUSE OF THE VALLEY OF
VIRTUE OF THE CARTHUSIAN ORDER NEAR THE BURGH OF
PERTH."
LETTER OF WILLIAM, PRIOR OF GREAT CHARTREUX NEAR
GRENOBLE, IN DAUPHINY, TO JAMES I., DATED 19TH AUGUST
1426, EXPRESSING HIS OWN AND HIS CONVENT'S CONSENT TO
THE ERECTION OF A CARTHUSIAN MONASTERY AT PERTH.

J^O the most Serene and Dread Sovereign Lord the
King of Scots, Friar WilUam, the Venerable Prior of
the House of Great Chartreux, of the Diocese of
Grenoble, presents his supphant reverence, with all rehgious
courtesy, and with the salutary suffrage of humble prayers.
Authorized by the General Chapter, whose duties we bear
upon our conscience. We, by the tenor of these presents, impart
and grant to you authority and consent formerly demanded
of us by your Serene Highness, to erect and construct one
House of our Order within your Kingdom, near to the burgh
of Perth, for the accommodation of thirteen monks and their
competent number of servants, who shall there serve God
perpetuaUy, for the remeid of the soul of your Serene Majesty,
' Now belonging to the Hospital of King VI. at Perth.

JSogl-nved fcp Hiomas G Stevenson's Book of Perth

THE CARTHUSIAN MONASTERY. 41
of the soul of the renowned Lady your Consort, and of the
souls of your heirs, predecessors, and successors.
This House you consequently grant to endow with two
hundred merks current in your kingdom, and to guard with
privileges and liberties competent to the Order, attentive
that the Place itself shall with all due proportion sufficiently
correspond to the arrangement of our Order, as have been
related to us by our venerable brother the Prior of the Mount
of Grace,* and by Dean Bryce, professed of the same House,
who, at our command, carefully surveyed the Place with their
own eyes.
We trust that, under the blessing of God, the said structure,
with the endowment suitable to royal munificence, shaU soon
be carried on to a good issue. Moreover, if your Serene
Highness desires the presence of two monks, who may give
more certain information concerning those buildings which
best correspond to the fashion and form of our Order, we now
write partly of that matter to the said Prior of the Mount of
Grace, as is more largely contained in the letters addressed to
him, sent along with those to your Royal Majesty.
Given at Chartreux, the nineteenth day of the month of
August, in the year of our Lord one thousand four hundred
twenty-six, under the authentic seal ofthe said House, in witness
of the premises.
April 6, 1429. — Robert Wright, burgess of Dundee, in
presence of a notary-pubhc, constituted and ordained Richard
Wright his son and heir, Thomas Fotheringhame of Powrie,
and Master Alexander de Guthry, conjunctly and severally,
his procurators, for mortgaging, granting by the title of mort
gage, and consigning by writ, a whole and entire tenement,
vrith the pertinents, lying within the burgh of Perth, on the
south side of the Bridge of Tay, between the land of Thomas
de Moncrieff and the Water of Tay, to be mortgaged to
any person or persons, for such price or prices as the said
procurators shall be pleased to accept, who have power to
put their seals to writings, and to do every thing legal and
* The Carthusian Monastery of the Mount of Grace of Ingilby, in Cleveland,
Yorkshire, was founded by Thomas Holland, Duke of Surrey, in 1396.

42 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
customary in such a transaction.* The notarial attestation
¦written by John Idell, clerk to the Diocese of St Andrews,
and by imperial authority notary-public.
July 4:, 1429. — Thomas (Anderson) de Culgask, burgess of
Perth, grants to the Carthusian Monastery an annual rent of
eight shillings out of his croft in the New Row,f or Barker
Row, without the ports of the burgh of Perth, between the
land of Andrew Bisset on the north, and the common
pavement or street extending to the said Carthusian House
and St. Leonard's on the south.
About 1430. — Alan Thomson, burgess of Perth, sells his
entire tenement, with the pertinents, lying between the King's
ditch on the east, and the land of Andrew Pitscottie on the
west, which land is enclosed for the use and property of the
said Carthusian House, for a certain sum of money which
Friar John, Governor of the said Charterhouse, in name and
on the part of the most excellent Prince our Sovereign Lord,
by the grace of God the most illustrious King of Scots, paid
to him in his own hands, in numbered money, in his great
necessity ; the whole and entire said land, with its pertinents,
to be held and retained to the foresaid Prior and Convent of
the said Charterhouse in fee and heritage for ever. \
March 31, 1435. — William, by divine permission Abbot
of the Monastery of Scone, and the Convent of the same
place, grants, for the annual payment of one pound of wax
to the Convent of Scone, to Adam Hangleside, Prior of the
Carthusian House, and the Convent of the same House, a
land or tenement in Perth.
* Written on the back of charter, in an old hand — "It appears by the
bounding of the same land to be now Robert Fleming's land, and has been
bought by the Prior (and Monks) of Charterhouse, because they constructed
the said land, and sett it in feu for L.21 money yearly." In a more modern
hand — " Now the heirs of James Dykes." On the 24th of February 1429-30,
Robert Wright resigned this tenement to the Lord Prior and Carthusian
Convent. f Written on the back of charter, in a more modem hand — " Now William
Mercer's." X Written on the back, in a very old hand, evidently by one of the Monks
— " De terra Alani Tomsoun, qua; induditur ex parte orientali infra
amhitum Domus huju.s ;" and also in an old hand — " Pro loco fundationia
Monasterii in parte."

THE CARTHUSIAN MONASTERY. 43
January 30, 1437-8. — WiUiam de Wynde, burgess of
Perth, agrees to an indenture with Adam de Hangleside, Prior
of the Charterhouse, in which the said William de Wynde
grants in pure and perpetual alms, for the salvation of his own
soul, the soul of Ehzabeth his wife, the souls of their children,
predecessors, and successors, and also the souls of all Christian
men deceased, his whole and entire land with its pertinents,
vulgarly caUed the croft of WUliam de Wynde, on which
(super qua) the foresaid House of the Valley of Virtue was
founded, between the garden of Baldwin Seres on the east,
the street which leads to St Leonard's on the west, the land
of Andrew de Pitscottie on the south, and a land which be
longed to the late John de Spens of BothquhopUl, on which
land also a part of the said house was founded, on the north.
And in compensation for the said land, charitably granted to
the said House as before expressed, the foresaid Prior and
Convent of the said House have given and granted to the said
WiUiam and Elizabeth, during the term of their hves, and to the
longest Uver of them two, the lands and crofts underwritten,
with their pertinents — to-wit, that croft, with its pertinents,
which is called the Haugh of St Leonard's, as it lies in
length and breadth on the south side of the Valley of Virtue ; *
one acre of the land of St. Leonard's lying on the west side
of the said Haugh, above and on the Mount ; the hen-croft,
with its pertinents, lying on the north side of the church of
St Leonard's ; one piece of land lying next to the said church
of St Leonard's, extending downward to a certain fountain
called Lethe ; the Thorny Croft, lying between the church of
St Leonard's and the torrent of Craigie ; one piece of the
land of St Leonard's which is called the Tongue, on the
north side of the bridge of St. Leonard's, and near the street
of the same ; two ridges lying on the west side of the same
street, between the land of Andrew Constable on the south,
and the land of Andrew de Inchmartine on the north ; also
five ridges of St Leonard's, lying on the west side of the said
street, between the land of the late John Lethe on the north,
* From this it appears that the Friars had given the epithet of their Order
to the locality in which the Charterhouse was erected.

44 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
and the land of Richard Harrower on the south:* which
croft before mentioned, granted by the said Wilham to the
said House of the VaUey of Virtue, the said William bound
himself and his heirs to warrant, acquit, and faithfuUy defend
to the Prior and Convent of the said House, and to their
successors who shaU be at the time, for ever, by aU their lands
and possessions. And the same Prior and Convent bound
themselves to warrant, acquit, and faithfully defend, to the
said Wilham, and Ehzabeth his wife, and to the longer liver
of them two, the lands granted to them by the said Prior and
Convent in the manner before expressed; all which lands,
after the decease of the foresaid WiUiam de Wynde, and
Elizabeth his wife, shaU return to the said House of the VaUey,
and for ever remain with it, so that no farther claim shaU be
made concerning them by law either civU or canonical.
July 4, 1441. — WiUiam de Wynde ratifies the donation of
his croft to the Charterhouse, and binds himself and his heirs
not to contradict the donation under the penalty of L.1040 of
the usual money of Scotland, which sum, with divers other
goods and moneys he had before received from the Prior and
Convent, to induce him to make the donation of his croft.
1441. — Thomas Gilbert, burgess of Perth, seUs to the
Carthusian Monks an annual rent of one merk out of his
tenement on the south side of the North Street of Perth,*
between the land of Wilham Duchal on the west, and the land
of Thomas Purrock on the east, for a certain sum of money
which the said Prior and Convent in his necessity gratefully
paid into his hands.
June 17, 1442. — Thomas de Culgask ratifies a donation he
had made on the 4th of July 1429, of eight shillings of annual
rent out of his croft in the New Row, which donation he had
granted in the second year of the foundation of the Carthusian
Monastery, in which year he also gave a piece of land called
the Ridge, a part of the ground on which the Monastery was
erected. * William de Wynde, on the 23d of April 1446, renounced for a sum of
money the liferent of these lands from the Monastery.
t On the back of the charter — " Now John Lowry's land in 1590;" and ia
a more modem hand — " Now George Wilson's."

THE CARTHUSIAN MONASTERY. 45
1444. — John de Fotheringham, burgess of Perth, grants
to the Carthusian Monastery an annual rent of thirteen
shiUings and four pennies out of the land of Thomas GUbert,
also an entire tenement on the south side of the North Street
of Perth, burdened with annual rents to several burgesses.*
1454. — James Scott, burgess of Perth, sold to the Carthusian
Monastery an annual rent of eight shiUings payable to him
out of the ground of part of a garden of the said Monastery
in the Barker Row, before the gate of the Monastery.
March 25, 1451.— Maurice Barry, Prior of Charterhouse,
and the Convent, grant in feu to Alexander Vedor, a land of
theirs in the New Row, for which he was to pay to the Abbey
of Lindores two shUlings of annual rent, to the heirs of the
late Thomas Scott, burgess of Perth, eight shiUings yearly,
and to the Carthusian Monastery thirty shillings yearly.
April 18, 1452. — WiUiam Anderson, burgess of Perth,
confirmed the annual rent of eight shilhngs granted by his
grandfather Thomas, commonly caUed Culgask, and on the
28th of that month he granted seizin to Dean Simon Fernely,
Vicar of the Charterhouse.
March 13, 1453-4. — Sir John Sprunt, chaplain, granted
seizin to Dean Martin de Groether, Prior of the Charterhouse,
of a tenement on the south side of the South Street, of an
annual rent of thirteen shUlings four pennies out of a land on
the north side of the South Street ; also, of an annual rent of
forty shUlings out of an acre of land on the west side of the
New Row.
1458. — Dean WiUiam de Ghent, Carthusian Monk, son and
heir of the late Martin de Ghent, burgess, granted to Dean
Simon Fernely, Prior of the Carthusian Monastery, or House
of the VaUey of Virtue, an annual rent of twenty shiUings out
of his tenement in the Watergate at the end of the same,
between the land of John Gray on the north, and the land of
the late John Vair Akin (Aitken) on the west.
¦* On the back of the charter, in an old hand — " Carta J ohn Fotheringham
de terra quondam Margaret de Balfour, necnon IZs. id. de terra Thomce
Gilherti in Via Borealis." In a more modem hand — " Thirteen shillings
and four pennies out of ane land on the south side of the North Gaitt, now
George Wilson's, wright."

46 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
February 1, 1461-2. — Dean Simon Fernely, Prior of the
House of the Valley of Virtue of the Carthusian Order, grants
in feu to Thomas Covsrpar and his heirs a tenement on the
south side of the South Street of Perth, between the tenements
of David Millar on the east and John AUan on the west, for
the annual payment of thirteen shiUings four pennies to the
chaplain of St Nicholas' altar, and twenty shillings yearly to
the Charterhouse; the said Thomas and his heirs not to
seU or alienate the said tenement, nor sell or mortgage any
annual rent out of it, without the consent of the Prior and
his successors.*
February 11, 1461-2. — Sir Henry Robertson, Vicar of
Auchtergaven, and chaplain of the Holy Rood altar in the
parish church of Perth, grants to Prior Simon Fernely and
the Carthusian Monastery, with consent of Andrew Spens, a
certain tenement, with its pertinents, on the north side of
the South Street of Perth, between the tenements of Maurice
Brown, weaver, and of Sir John Sprunt, chaplain, on the
west and east.
April 30, 1464. — William Hume, burgess of Perth, sells to
the Carthusian Monastery an annual rent of twelve shillings
out of the land of the late James Brown on the north side of
the South Street, between the land of John Lyall on the east,
and the Common Vennel, extending to the church, which is
commonly called the Ratton-Row, on the west ; and Alexander
Scott, one of the Bailies of the burgh of Perth, gave legal
seizin and possession to Dean Andrew TeUer, Procurator at
the time of the said Monastery, in name of the Prior and
Convent. December 10, 1464. — Andrew Constable, burgess of Perth,
SeUs to the Prior and Convent of the House of the VaUey of
Virtue of the Carthusian Order, near the said burgh, a gild
rood of his land lying without the said burgh, on the west
side of the pavement or King's Street, extending to the chapel
of St Leonard, between the crofts of the lands of St Leonard
on the north and south, from the said pavement on the east
* On the back of the charter, written in an old hand, either by one of the
Monks, or by David Thomson, the Notary- Public — "Copia literal terrce
quondam Johannis Elder in Via Australi Burgi de Perth."

THE CARTHUSIAN MONASTERY. 47
to the croft commonly caUed Leonard Ley on the west, of
which Alexander Bunch, one of the BaUies of Perth, gave
legal seizin and possession to Dean Simon Fernely, Prior
of the said Carthusian House, in name of himself and his
Convent. August 2, 1468. — Alexander Cowan, burgess of Perth,
obtained in feu from Andrew Telfer, humble Prior of the
House of the VaUey of Virtue of the Carthusian Order near
Perth, with assent and consent of the Convent, their whole
and entire tenement in the New Row, between the tenement
of James Scott on the north, and the road to Stirling on the
south, for the annual payment of thirteen shillings four pennies
to the chaplain of St Paul's Chapel, and sixteen shiUings eight
pennies to the Carthusian Monastery.
February 26, 1471-2. — James III. to the Community of
Perth. — James, by the grace of God, King of Scots, to Robert
Donyng, alderman of our burgh of Perth, xVndrew Charteris,
Robert Mercer younger, Patrick WaUis, John Lyn, Robert
Blair, John Rattray, AJexander Scott younger, John Ochil
tree, Henry Hareland, George White, David Harrowar, and
Richard Kelt, greeting : — Forsameikle as it is heavily moaned
and complained to us by our devout Orators the Prior of the
Charterhouse and Convent of the same, that whereas they are
infeft perpetuaUy by our noble progenitor, our grandsire, whom
God assoUzie, of a water-conduit lying in the miU-dam of the
said burgh out of the Water of Almond, whilk were most
expedient to them, of two feet of breadth, ye have now of
late, the time that said Orator, the Prior of the said Place,
was here -with us at Edinburgh for the expedition of divers
matters, vnth great violence, and contemning of our authority
in the breaking of our said foundation, come to the said
mill-dam, and broken the said conduit, whilk extended not half
a foot of breadth, in great lightlieng and derogation of our
Majesty, and in great skaith and hindrance to our said Place :
Our wiU is herefore, and we charge you and ilk ane of you
straitly, and command that, incontinent after the sight of these
our letters ye reform and amend the said conduit upon your
own expenses, in so far as ye have skaithed and broken the
same, and that we may hear no more complaint thereupon in

48 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
time coming, under the pam of recognition of the sheriffdom
of our said burgh, and warding of your persons. DeUvering
these our letters, by you and ilk ane of you seen and understood,
again to the bearer. Given under our signet at Edinburgh,
the twenty-sisth day of February, and of our reign the twelfth
year. — James R.
November 10, 1475. — John Hadington, BaUie, declared a
process, commenced on the 3d of October, by Friar John
Davidson, Prior of the House of the Valley of Virtue of the
Carthusian Order near the burgh of Perth, recovering a
tenement on the south side of the North Street, which ought to
have paid to the Monastery twenty-four shillings annuaUy.*
November 8, 1481. — The community of Perth grant to the
Carthusian Monastery a waste piece of ground on the east
side of the Speygate, about three feet from the town wall, the
Monastery to pay yearly one pound of wax.
February 8, 1481-2. — Robert of Donyng, f burgess of
Perth, having mortgaged to Sir John Myrtoun, Prebendary
of Forgan, two merks of annual rent out of a tenement on
the west side of the Watergate, grants the said annual rent
for ever to the Carthusian Monks on the condition of their
redeeming it. %
Septemher 26, 1482. — Dean John Davison, Prior, resigns
a garden without the South-Gate Port into the hands of
John Hadington, BaUie, who gives seizin to John Luswayl,
Loveveal, or LoveU.
February 10, 1486-7. — Robert Carwar, or Carver, binds
himself and his heirs to David Simson, Prior of the Charter
house, and the Convent of the same, to implement the
conditions on which he held in feu from the Monastery in the
Saltmarket, or north side of the South Street, a tenement or
back land, with a booth, between the land of Master Robert of
Chaumyr (Chahners) on the east side, and the Common Vennel
? On the back, in a modem hand — " Now Hugh Craigdallie's laud."
+ A Robert Donyng is recorded as Provost of Perth in 1472, in 1474, in
1477-8, in 1480, in 1482, in 1485, and in 1492.
J On the back, in a very old hand—" Litem de fundo terrm quondam
Alexandris Broky, et commune mmcupata Prcepositi de Meffane" (Methven)
"inViaAqua." Ina moremodern hand— "Nowthe land of Elizabeth Sanders."

THE CARTHUSIAN MONASTERY. 49
on the west side. The penalty of non-fulfilment to be a
payment of twenty merks to the Prior and Convent.*
February 20, 1486-7. — John Donyng,-|- son and heir-
apparent of Robert Donyng, with consent of his father, sells to
the venerable and religious men, Prior David Simson and the
Convent of the VaUey of Virtue of the Carthusian Order, near
Perth, an annual rent of twenty shillings to be paid out of
the whole and entire tenement, with its pertinents, of William
Scott, on the south side of the South Street, between the land
of the late Henry Harelaw on the west, and the land of John
Taylor on the east. %
December 8, 1488. — Robert Lourison, burgess of Perth,
grants to the Carthusian Monastery a tenement on the east
side of the Speygate of Perth, as payment of a sum of money
which his deceased brother Edward owed to the Convent, one
pound of wax to be paid annuaUy to the master of the fabric
of the Bridge of Tay, and eight shUUngs to the chaplain of
AU Samts' Altar. §
May 16, 1495. — Sir Robert Heriot, chaplain, grants to
Prior Walter LyaU and the Carthusian Monastery a tenement
on the north side of the South Street, out of which eleven
shillings ten pennies were to be paid to the chaplain of St
¦* On the back, in an old hand — " Obligatio Boherti Carwour, Burgensis
de Perth ; '' also in an old hand — " Salt-Mercat ; " and in a more modem hand
— " Now the Hospital's in the SaltrMercat."
+ A gentleman named John Donyng is recorded as Provost of Perth in
1515-6, and in 1538.
X This tenement is described on the back of the charter — " Now, in 1599,
the land of John Colt, at the South-Gaitt Port;" and in a more modem hand,
" Now Isoble Robertsone's." On the 23d of April 1487, John Donyng granted
his resignation for seizin to the Convent of this donation, and actual seizin
was obtained by the Prior on the 26th of that month. This John Donyng,
on the 17th of March 1501-2, sold to Alan, Prior of the Charterhouse, and
the Convent, four ridges of land on the east side of the street called the Lang
Causeway, extending to St Leonard's Bridge and the Torrent of Craigie, and
also an annual rent of fourteen shillings four pennies, of which legal seizin
was given by Andrew Bunch, one of the Bailies.
§ The tenement, which lay between the land of the Abbot and Convent of
Aberbrothwick on the north, and the common passage to the town-wall on the
south, is described in an old hand as " the land and yaird near the Spey
Towre ;'' and iu a more modern hand — " Ane land in the Speygaite, and eist
syd thereof, now the Tonne's property." 4

50 THE BOOR OF PERTH.
Lawrence's Altar in the parish church, and nine shillings
two pennies of annual rent to Andrew Bunch, his heirs and
assignees. April 14, 1498. — James Stewart, Earl of Buchan, son of
Sir James Stewart, the Black Knight of Lorn, and of Queen
Jane, Dowager of James I., grants to Prior John and the
Convent of the VaUey of Virtue of the Carthusian Order his
garden near the Spey(gate) at Perth.*
April 17, 1499. — John Ramsay grants to Prior John and
the Convent an annual rent of three shiUings out of his land
vsdthout the Turret Bridge, in warrandice of the rent due out
of the land commonly called the Leonard's Rud.
September 15, 1500. — John PauU grants to John, Prior
of the House of the Valley of Virtue, and the said Convent,
his tenement on the north side of South Street, on the
conditions that twelve pennies be annually paid to the chaplain
of St Bartholomew's Altar, and six shUlings eight pennies
yearly to the chaplain of St. Margaret's Altar, in the parish
church of Perth.
March 26, 1502. — James Drummond, burgess of Perth,
and collector of the King's Customs in the said burgh, having
intromitted with twenty merks payable out of the customs to
the Carthusian Monastery, assigned to Prior Allan and the
Convent a right for seven years to forty shiUings, to be paid
annually for seven years out of his crofts and buildings above
the east end of the Bridge of Tay in the Barony of KinnouU.
June 12, 1503. — Dean WiUiam Turnbull, Procurator of
the Charterhouse, obtains, in name of the Prior and Convent,
seizin of a tenement on the south side of the North Street, and
also of a garden on the west side of the New Row.
April 15, 1504.— John Rattray of Leitchhill, burgess of
Perth, seUs to Alan, Prior of the Charterhouse, and the Con
vent of the same, his field and ridge, one acre Scots in extent,
contiguous on the west side of the Lang Causeway, near the
Leonard Bridge, twenty-seven shillings to be paid annually to
St Stephen's Altar in the parish church.
¦* This grant was confirmed, on the 1st of June 1520, by Robert Mercer
of Balleif. It is described as the " Tongue Yaird, now Alexander Whytt's
acres."

THE CARTHUSIAN MONASTERY. 51
December 18, 1508. — Simon Aberdour, burgess of Perth,
sells to Andrew Thomson a tenement on the north side of the
South Street, for the payment of twenty-four shillings of
annual rent to the Charterhouse, and eight shiUings of annual
rent to the Altar of the Holy Cross, Holy Blood, or Holy
Rood, in the parish church.
July 14, 1517. — James Ross, Laird of Craigie, confirms to
Hugh, Prior of the House of the Valley of Virtue, and the
Convent of the same, a right to a stone quarry granted by
his deceased father.
March 5, 1517-18. — Robert Ramsay, burgess of Perth,
son of Marjory Culgask, alias Anderson, grants to Prior Hugh
and the Convent a pound of wax yearly out of his garden on
the east side of the Speygate, leading to the place of the Grey
Friars, between the land of the Abbot and Convent of the
Monastery of Coupar on the south, a certain waste land*
belonging to the Earl of Huntly on the north, the Water of
Tay on the east, and the foresaid pubhc street of the Speygate
on the west.
January 30, 1525-6. — Robert Eviot, son of the deceased
John Eviot of Balhousie, seUs to Hugh,f Prior ofthe Carthusian
Monastery, and Convent, an annual rent of forty shiUings out
of his front and back tenement with its pertinents, lying on the
south side of the North Street, for a sum of money which the
said Prior and Convent had paid to him in his great necessity.
February 4, 1526-7. — Sir John Lovel, chaplain, grants
to Prior Hugh and the Convent, a stripe of land near the
Charterhouse, and thirty shiUings out of a tenement in the
South Street.
August 21, 1527. — WilUam Trippis, burgess of Perth,
¦* A curious reminiscence is connected with this " waste land." Alexander
third Earl of Huntly died on the 19th of January 1523, and his Countess,
Elizabeth Gray, who died about 1526, built a house on the ground, which after
her decease became the property of the Lords Ruthven, and was the original
Gowrie House. William fourth Lord Ruthven and first Earl of Gowrie enlarged
the house built by the Countess of Huntly, in the summer of 1579.
t On the 1st of October 1526, Hugo, Prior ofthe Carthusians, presented a
tenement in the Watergate, near the Tower of Spey, for the annual payment of
a pound of wax. In that year Sir Robert Mercer is mentioned as Procurator
ofthe Order. — Perth Town-Council Records, vol. i.

52 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
grants to Prior Hugh Moryn and the Carthusian Convent
his front tenement without the Turret Bridge on the north
side, nine shiUings four pennies to be paid yearly to St Peter's
Altar in the parish church.
May 6, 1530. — Christian Cromby, wife of Andrew Bunch,
senior, resigned her conjunct right of a fee of a tenement on
the north side of the South Street, and also an annual rent
of nine shillings two pennies out of an adjoining tenement
pertaining to the Charterhouse, to Sir Simon Young, Dean of
Christianity of Gowrie, and Commissary of George Crichton,
Bishop of Dunkeld, in favour of the Carthusian Monastery.
March 21, 1546-7. — Prior Adam Forman and the Convent
present Sir David Ray to the chaplaincy of St Fillan in the
parish church.
June 11, 1552. — Catharine Oliphant, wife of Thomas
Lamb, burgess of Perth, renounces her liferent of a tenement
on the north side and of another on the south side of the
South Street, that her son Patrick Lamb may be at liberty
to sell the one to the Carthusian Monastery, and to grant
warrandice on the other.
August 28, 1552. — Alexander Bunch, burgess of Perth,
borrows from Adam Forman, Prior, and the Convent, twenty
merks, which he promises to pay before Christmas, faiUng
which he binds himself to give charter and seizin to the
Carthusian Monastery on twenty shiUings of annual rent out
of a tenement occupied by himself on the west side of Bunch's
Vennel in the North Street.
March 7, 1558-9. — Adam Forman, Prior, and the Convent,
grant to John Letham in Pittheaveless a seven years' lease of
tenements on the west side of the New Row.

Two months and a few days after the date of this last charter
the Carthusian Monastery was entirely demolished by the re
forming insurgents. John Knox boasts of the lenient treatment
which Prior Forman experienced on that occasion — " The
Pryor of Charterhouse was permitted to tak with him evin
so much gold and silver as he was weill able to carie." *
'* Historic of the Reformatioun of Religion, folio, Edin. edit. 1732, p. 128.

5

0

0

5.

0

0

4

0

0

1

0

0

THE CARTHUSIAN MONASTERY. 53
The following Abstract of Rental of the Charterhouse, about
the year 1440, is from a document entitled — " An Inventory
or Register of the Farms and Annual Rents, Profits, and other
Fruits, of all the Lands and Possessions of this House of the
Valley of Virtue of the Carthusian Order, arising from the
Donations of the Sovereign Lords the Kings our Founders,*
and also from the Donation of others of the Faithful in Christ."
The lands of Friarton (Freetown), . . L.26 13 4
The fishings of KeUok on the lands of Friarton,
sometimes more and sometimes less, but ac
cording to the medium, . . . . 4 0 0
The lands lying round the Chapel of the Blessed
Mary Magdalene, annually, ....
The Leonard Ley, annuaUy, ....
The crofts round the Chapel of St Leonard,
annually, .......
The Leonard Haugh, annually.
The Garden before the Great Port, though it is
of more value, yearly, . . . . . 1 18 0
Out of the land of Stephen Ross, at the Quay,
annually, .......
Out of the land of John Whyte in the Kirkgate,
Out of the land of Andrew Love, goldsmith, in
the same street, annually,
Out of the land of Martin Taylor in the North
Street, do. .....
Out of the land of WUliam Soulis in the North
Street, do. ..... •
Out of the land of Wilham Craig in the North
Street, do. .....
Out of the land of Walter Edwy in the North
Street, do. ..... .

" James I. was the actual founder, but James IL, on the 5th of June 1441,
confirmed his father's charter of foundation. The Carthusian Monastery,
however, was always a place of royal favour. In its church was interred the
Princess Margaret, daughter of Henry VIL, sister of Henry VIIL, and
dowager of James IV., by whom she was the mother of James V. She died
in 1541 at Methven, and was laid in the same tomb with James I.

2 13

4

1 4

0

. 0 6

8

0 7

0

. 0 15

0

0 3

4

. 0 13

4

L.53 14

0

54 THE BOOK OF PERTH. L.53 14 0
Out of the land of James Brown in the South Street,
at the east end of the Ration Raw, annually, 10 0
Out of the land of the late Thomas Currour in
the South Street, do  0 6 0
Out of the land of John Currour, painter, in the
same street, . . . . . . .030
Out of the land of the Scholars near the Spey Tower, 0 13 4
Out of the Mills of Perth, . . . . 5 12 0
Out of the fishing of Poldsart, . . . .16 8
Out of the rood of land at the north end of the
Barker Row, near St Paul's Chapel, . . 0 3 0

L.62 18 0

" Our Founder, whose memory is always to be remembered
and revered, the Sovereign Lord King James I. of that name,
gave to us the lands and annual rents above written.
" The annual rents from the Faithful are L.2 : 15 : 10."*

The foundation of the Charterhouse of Perth was considered
a splendid event, if we are to credit the rhyming legend —
" Annus millenus vicenus sicque novenus,
Quadringentenus Scotis fert numera plenus;
Semina fiomm, germina moram, mystia mella,
Cum tibi, Scotia, fit Carthusia sponsa novella."
Oswald de Corda, Vicar of the Great Charterhouse of
Grenoble, was the first Prior of the House of the Valley of
Virtue at Perth. He died on the 1st of October 1434, and
was succeeded by Adam de Hangleside, a Scotsman. The
last ecclesiastical Prior was Adam Forman, who after the-
demolition retired with his brethren to Erroll, of which
church they were patrons, and he there feued, with consent
of the fraternity, to John Foreman, son and heir of Robert
Foreman of Luthrie, the lands of the Chapel of St Mary
* In 1466 the Prior of the Charterhouse, or Convent of the Valley of Virtue,
was to receive the decimas garhales et prediales of certain lands both
cultivated and uncultivated. — Tract on Monastic Antiquities relative to
Dunfermline, by Sir John Graham Dalyell, Bart., 12mo. Edin. 1809, p. 33.

THE CARTHUSIAN MONASTERY. 55
Magdalene caUed the lands of Friarton, the lands of Craigie,
the South Island of the burgh of Perth in the Tay, and his
salmon fishings in that river. On the 14th of November
1569 the Prior and Convent conveyed to John Moncrieff the
place, house, whole and entire lands, orchards, and gardens of
the Charterhouse, the close and ditch, the dams or bulwarks,
with their tithes, within the bounds limited by ancient custom ;
also two tenements within the burgh, and tenements and
gardens without the same. This was confirmed to James
Moncrieff on the 18th of May 1578. Subsequently George
Hay of NethercUff* was constituted Commendator of the
Charterhouse, with a vote and place in Parliament, together
vsdth " all and sundry churches, teind-sheaffs, and other tithes
belonging or can justly belong to the said Priory, with the
principal manor-place, buildings, gardens, and orchards within
the precinct and enclosure of the Monastery of the Charterhouse. ' '
On the 1st of February 1598, James VI. granted to George
Hay of Nethercliff the church lands of Erroll on resigning
his title of Lord Prior of the Charterhouse.
It appears from some old records that the Carthusians were
earher at Perth than 1429, though that was probably the
year of the erection of the Charterhouse. James I., who was
murdered in the Convent of the Black Friars at Perth, was
interred in the church of the Charterhouse, as were also his
Queen Jane, grand-daughter of John of Gaunt, third son of
Edward IIL, and, as previously mentioned, Margaret, Queen
of James IV. and daughter of Henry VII. The doublet in
which James I. was murdered was kept in the Charterhouse
as a reUc. It was preserved after the Reformation, and Gall
relates that he had seen in it the holes through which the
King was stabbed' to the heart.
The Carthusian Monks of Perth always maintained a good
reputation, and adhered strictly to the rules of their Order.
One of them was Patrick Russell, who continued Fordun's
History of Scotland.
"* Lord Chancellor of Scotland in 1622, created Viscount Duppliu and
Lord Hay in 1627, and Earl of Kinnoull in 1633.

(iTijurcl) of ^t Jo!)n t^t Baptist antr its

(O^lS^^HE most interesting edifice in Perth, as a memorial
V ^Sl" of the olden time, and from which the " Fair City "
).^^^^ derived its very common appellation of St Johns-
tovm, is the Gothic Church dedicated to St John the Baptist,
the tutelary Saint of the citizens. This venerable structure is
in the very centre of the city, and its square tower, anciently
much higher than as it now appears, is conspicuous in all
directions. The interior has been long disfigured by the
subdivision into three parish churches of the Presbyterian
Establishment, but the Church in its original state, when served
by the Vicar of Perth, was a long edifice extending much
farther westward. It is traditionally said that the Picts, after
they embraced Christianity, dedicated the Church and Bridge
of Perth to St John the Baptist. From this circumstance the
town was popularly designated St Johnstown, and it is often
mentioned as such by old historians and in ballads, though it
is not so recognized in any public document. The burgh
seal used from the year 1400 to the Reformation, many
impressions of which are appended to the charters of the
former Religious Houses, represents on one side the decapitation
of the Baptist, Salome holding a platter to receive the head ;
on the obverse the Baptist appears as enshrined, and supported
on each side by two figures, probably designed to indicate
priests, with this legend on both sides — "s: communitatis
VILLE SANCTI JOHANNIS BAPTISTE DE BERTH." Whatever
credibility may be attached to the alleged Pictish selection ofthe
Baptist as the tutelary Saint of the " Fair City," the founder of

CHURCH OF ST JOHN THE BAPTIST. 57
the original or of the present Church of St John, and the date,
are unknown. An edifice appears to have existed before the
tenth century, and the church so caUed in the beginning of the
thirteenth century was large, and of considerable architectural
pretensions. In 1226 St John's Church was granted to the
Monks of Dunfermline,* in the reign of Alexander IL, and
during a century afterwards it was allowed to become ruinous,
the worthy Benedictines endeavouring to impose the burden
of keeping the fabric in repair on the citizens, and they in turn
retahating on the Monks, King Robert Bruce, in a charter dated
at Glasgow in 1329, the year of his death, granted to the Abbot
and Convent of Scone a supply of stones from two specified
locaUties for the construction of the Church and Bridge of
Perth,t but the repair was partially effected, and it was neglected
after his decease. It is stated that Edward III. of England
kiUed his brother John Earl of Cornwall with his own hand
before the high altar in St John's Church in 1336,| for ravaging
various districts of Scotland; yet the Enghsh historians are
silent on this important event, and merely record that the
Prince died in October that year at Perth, where, though then
young, he had been left with the command by the Enghsh
monarch. St John's Church, as it existed at the commencement
of the fifteenth century, was in complete repair. The choir
or east end had been rebuilt; the former altars, with the
exception of the great altar of St John the Baptist, had been
removed, but several additional ones were founded, as is
intimated in the subsequent list.
The edifice as it now appears is of various dates, and has
undergone numerous internal and external alterations. The
interior is much deformed by the mode in which it is arranged,
the partition - walls completely destroying the architectural
* See also the various charters enumerated in the " Tabell of the Auld
Kegistre vithe the Treine Brode," and in the " Index Locorum " in the " Regis-
trum do Dunfermelyn ; Liber Cartarum Abbatio Benedictine S. S. Trinitatis
et B. Margarete de Dunfermelyn," printed for the Bannatyne Club, 4to.
Edin. 1842.
t Liber Ecclesie de Scon, printed for the Maitlanb Cldb, 4to. Edin. 1843,
p. 103.
X History and Chronicles of Scotland, written in Latin by Hector Boece,
Canon of Aberdeen, and translated by John BeUenden, Archdean of Moray
and Canon of Ross, 4to. Edin. 1821, vol. ii. p. 432.

58 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
effect. The length of the entire building outside the walls is
two hundred and seven feet. Four massive pillars support
the square tower in the centre of the edifice, and sufficiently
indicate the ancient grandeur of this part of the original
edifice. The height of the tower is one hundred and fifty-five
feet, and with the exception of a clumsy wooden erection of
a pyramidal form, covered with lead, and termed in an act of
the Town-Council in 1675 the " pricket of the steeple," exists
in its original form, though, as already stated, much reduced
in height. The underground of St John's Church was anciently
a burial-place, and outside of the edifice, surrounding it, was
a cemetery, which is now covered by streets.
St John's Church contains several ancient bells, some of which
summoned the citizens to their devotions before the Reforma
tion, and the others are old bells recast. By the persevering
examination of WUliam Ross, Esq., Writer, Perth, who kindly
furnished the result of his investigations, the following may
be received as an accurate description of these interesting
memorials of former times.* The oldest bell is one which
contains the following inscription — " Joannes Baptista vocor
ego vox clamantis in deserto : Mecklini Petrus Mcogheneus^
me formavit : sic benedictus qui cuncta creavit, 1506. "
Another is a small bell which was formerly at the Depot,
where the Penitentiary now is, on the South Inch, and latterly
at the Stock-market. This beU, which is broken, is called
respectively the Curfew Bell and the Little Skelloch Bell, | but
this appears to be a mistake, and it evidently belonged to one
of the old rehgious houses. It contains a coronet, the word
Fece, the figure of a cock crowing, the words Agnus Dei,
between which is an obliterated figure, and no date. In the
description of the Curfew Bell, properly so called, Mr Ross
states that the Latin inscription is different. A bell which
was recast in 1805 by Thomas Mears and Son of London,
contains the following inscription, which is evidently that of
* It may be here stated that the particulars in the account of Perth, in
the " New Statistical Account of Scotland," for which Dr. W. A. Thomson,
formerly one of the Established Presbyterian Ministers, is responsible, are
most inaccurate and erroneous.
+ Malines, by Peter Magan.
X The ¦work skelloch means .shrill.

CHURCH OF ST JOHN THE BAPTIST. 59
the original — "Joannes Baptista vocor: 7ios autem gloria/ri
oportet in cruce Domini nostri Jhesu Christi, anno Domini
1520 ; facta sum Mecklini per Georg. Maghen. : ego vox
clamantis in deserto, Par ate viam Domini." It is also pro
bable that the bells of 1767, 1785, and 1837, are old bells
recast. Before the Reformation the Sacristy, afterwards the " Re-
vestry," or Kirk-Session house, in which the Records were
preserved, was on the north side of St John's Church, and
was subsequently a dismal-looking adjunct projecting into the
Kirkgate, its windows strongly grated with iron bars, the
seats and chests of oak, and the entrance by a small door
within the edifice. This part of the structure is removed, and
also Halkerstone Tower — a beautiful specimen of groined
architecture above the north porch, consisting of two repulsive
cells above each other ; one for culprits, and the other for
unclaimed dead bodies. In the east wall of the church is a
flat tomb-stone of blue marble, on which are carved two
human figures supposed to represent the murdered James I.
and also his Queen. In this part were kept, long after the
Reformation, the fire-engines, the gibbet, the wood used for
the scaffold, the gallows ladder, the hurdle in which criminals
were conveyed to execution, and other materials, which the
good taste of recent times has expeUed to more appropriate
repositories. Such is an outline of the parish church of St
John the Baptist at Perth, in which Knox thundered the
memorable sermon exciting the mob to destroy the pious
foundations and erections of nearly two centuries, and which
before the Reformation had to compete with the monastic
churches in the " Fair City" begun in the reign of Alexander
II. As Perth previous to the Reformation had only one
Vicar, notwithstanding the numerous chaplains and other
ecclesiastics within its limits or in its immediate neighbour
hood, in like. manner one " Minister" was considered sufficient
for the rehgious instruction of the people till 1595, when the
future Bishop Coupar of GaUoway was admitted coUeague to
Mr John Malcolm.
The connection of the Abbey of Dunfermline with St John's
Church at Perth is previously noticed. It may be also stated

60 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
that the first ships ariving in Perth paid those monks five
merks of silver annually for vestments, and in 1440 the said
monks, in an agreement between them and the town of Perth,
protested that they did not rehnquish special funeral emolu
ments, offerings of wax, money, horses, and other mortuaries.*
After the Reformation the Church of St John was legally
granted to King James VI.'s Hospital, and the Kirk-Session
superintended the fabric many years, but every thing connected
with it has long been the property of the Town-Council and
the Incorporated Trades.

FOUNDATION CHARTERS OF THE ALTARS IN THE PARISH CHURCH
OF ST JOHN AND ITS CHAPELS.f
1. St Ninian's Altar. — August 14, 1401. — Robert Brown,
burgess of Perth, founded the Altar of St Ninian, Bishop of
Galloway, in the parish church of Perth, and provided ten
merks annuaUy, or L.4 : 15 : 6, with two booths or shops in
the North Street, to the chaplain. +
2. St James the Apostle's Altar. — About 1402. — John
Aitcheson, burgess of Perth, granted to his kinsman, John
Fairlie, and Marjory, intended spouse of the said John Fairlie,
a tenement on the north side of the South Street, out of which
an annual rent of twenty shilhngs was to be paid to the
chaplain of St. James' Altar in the new chapel on the south side
of the parish church ; but if the said chaplain's stipend should
be augmented to more than ten merks, this donation of twenty
shUlings was to be applied by the Provost and Town-Council
¦* Tract on Monastic Antiquities relative to the Abbey of Dunfermline, by
Sir John Graham Dalyell, Bart., p. 26, 27.
+ Now belonging to King James VI.'s Hospital at Perth.
X On the 21st of January 1510, Sir Robert Thom, Chaplain of St Ninian's
Altar, resigned in the hands of the Provost and Bailies a tenement ou the
north side of the North Gate (High Street), formerly paying 20s. now 40s. to
said altar. On the same date, seizin was granted in favour of Sir Robert
Seton, Chaplain of St Ninian's Altar, of a booth on the north side of the North
Gale, proceeding on decreet by the Provost and Bailies, in defect of duties
payable therefrom to said altar. In 1541, Sir William Ramsay is mentioned
in a chartev as Chaplain of St Ninian's Altar. — Perth Tovvu-Council Records,
vol. i.

CHURCH OF ST JOHN THE BAPTIST. 61
lor the maintenance and reparation of the windows and orna
ments of the parish church. John Calpy, barber-chirurgeon,
also sold to Sir Alan Wood, chaplain, two tenements contiguous
near the Spey Tower, the one to pay thirteen shiUings and
four pennies, and the other ten shillings, annually to St James'
Altar.* ^
3, 4. Altars of St James and St Thomas a Beckett,
Archbishop of Canterbury. — November 30, 1423. —
Alexander Whitson, burgess of Perth, confirmed or renewed
the foundation of a perpetual chaplaincy, the stipend L.7 : 19s-
yearly out of certain tenements, in honour of St James the
Apostle and of St Thomas a Beckett, Archbishop of Canterbury,
in the new chapel of St James, of which the said Alexander
Whitson was patron, f
5. Altar of St Nicholas. — ^6oirf 1429.— John Spens
of Bouthquhopill, burgess of Perth, founded an Altar to St
Nicolas the Bishop in the parish church of Perth, and endowed
it with an annual stipend of L.7 :15s. out of certain tenements
in the town. |
6. Altar of the Holy Rood, or Holy Blood. — About
1429 or 1430. — The same John Spens founded and endowed
with the sum of L.2 : 3 : 4 annually, a mass to be celebrated at
the Altar of the Holy Rood or Holy Cross, and also a lamp.
7. Altar of St Elysius. — April 30, 1431. — Andrew
Lufe, goldsmith, burgess of Perth, granted certain tenements
for the endowment of a chaplain to celebrate mass at the Altar
of St Elysius in the parish-church of Perth.
* A charter, dated 2d of October 1508, mentions Sir James Marshall as
Chaplain of the Altar of St. James the Apostle. In 1546, Sir David Colung
is chaplain of the same altar. — Perth Town-Council Records, vol. i.
t Mr. Scott observes that the Altar of St James, which was an ancient
foundation, had fallen to decay, and the chapel reduced to ruins. The
Alderman or Provost, and community, with the assistance of William
Whitson, a wealthy citizen, rebuilt the chapel on the south side of the parish
church, and designated it the New Chapel of St James. On the above date
Alexander Whitson, son of William Whitson, granted an annual rent of ten
shillings out of his land in the Speygate, to the chaplain of the altar of St
James. X In January 1500, Sir Patrick Young, chaplain of the Altar of St Nicolas,
resigned a tenement on the south side of the South Street. — Perth Town-
Council Records, vol. i.

62 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
8. Altar of the Virgin Mary.* — January 1, 1431-2.
 Alan de Myrtoun, burgess of Perth, founded an Altar to
the Blessed Virgin Mary ui the parish church of Perth, and
endowed it with the lands of Ardonachy, Hardhaugh, a share
of the mUls of Auchtergaven, and certain tenements in the
to'wn of Perth, amounting in all to L.lOO : 16s.
9. Altar of St Michael the Archangel. — April 25,
1445. — David Fleming, burgess of Perth, mortgaged an
annual rent of forty shillings out of his tenement on the north
side of the North Street, to Master Richard de Criech, who
had founded an Altar in honour of St Michael the Archangel,
and whose executors, in name ofthe Provost and Town-Council,
had lent to the said David Fleming the sum of L.28, and this
annual rent of forty shillings was to continue till he repaid
the money, f
10. Altar of St John the Evangelist. — December 20,
1448. — Sir John de Bute founded and endowed with a
stipend of L.IO : 6 : 8, an Altar to St John the Evangelist, in
the new choir of the parish church, near the High Altar, on
the north side, at the same altar with the chaplaincy of St
Lawrence. \
11. St Stephen's Altar. — Robert deBonkall sold to Sir
Simon Bane, as chaplain to St Stephen's Altar, an annual rent
of twenty shilhngs out of two contiguous tenements in the
Castle-Gavel Street.
12. Altar of St Clement, Pope and Martyr. — July 10,
1454. — John Bunch, burgess of Perth, founded an Altar in the
* In 1534 Sir Andrew Christison, junior, is mentioned as chaplain of the
Altar of the Blessed Virgin Mary in St John's Church at Perth. — To-wn-
Council Records, vol. i.
t The last chaplain of St Michael's Altar was apparently Sir Robert Fyn,
who is mentioned as such in 1655. — Perth Town-Council Records, vol. i.
X Sir John de Bute was apparently zealous for the Altar of St Laurence.
In 1448 he acquired from Robert de Ireland an annual rent of thirteen
shillings and four pence ; in 1450, from Y/illiam de Craig, an annual rent of
twenty-four shillings ; in 1451, from Christian de Hutton, an annual rent of
thirteen shillings. Various other acquisitions are mentioned in the charters.
It appears from one dated Ist November 1454 that Sir John de Bute was
also the founder of the Altar of St Laurence. It is immediately seen that he
was the founder of another. Sir Laurence Lorimer was chaplain of St John's
allar in 1626.— Perth Town-Council Records, vol. i.

CHURCH OF ST JOHN THE BAPTIST. 63
parish church of Perth in honour of St Clement, third Bishop of
Rome, and endowed it with an annual stipend of L.IO.*
13. Altar of St Sebastian. — August 12, 1457. — Sir John
de Bute founded the Altar of St Sebastian, Roman General
and Martyr, and endowed it with a stipend of L.IO: 5:4, one
merk to be deducted and paid to the Monastery of Scone, f
14. Altar of St Catharine the Virgin. — March 18,
1468-9. — William Kinglassy, burgess of Perth, granted to
the chaplain of the Altar of St Catharine the Virgin in the
parish church of Perth an annual rent of L.l ; 6 : 8 out of his
tenement on the north side of the North Street, in pledge till
he repaid the sum of L.18 : 13 : 4 which he had borrowed from
the Provost and Town-Council, patrons of the said altar.
15. Altar of St Margaret, Queen of Scotland. —
October 15, 1469. — Walter de Pitscottie of Loncarty disponed
to Sir James Crichton of Redgorton, Knight, his right of
patronage of Queen Margaret's Altar, in the parish church Of
Perth, in fee and heritage for ever. |
16. Altar of St Martin the Confessor. — December
14, 1470. — Walter de Pitscottie completed the foundation of
St Martin's Altar, which had been commenced by his late
uncle, Andrew Pitscottie, Vicar of Perth, and endowed it with
a stipend of L.IO : 4 : 8. §
¦* On the 2d of October 1608 is an entry in the Town-Council Records of
apparently a resignation by  , chaplain of the Altar of St Clement, of a
tenement belonging to David Boswell in the South Street.
+ On the 6th of May 1469 James III. confirmed the altarage and obit
charters of Sir John de Bute, who died on the 7th of October 1470. On the
14th of November 1519 Sir George Sanders, chaplain of St Sebastian's Altar,
obtained seizin of a tenement belonging to Alexander Langlands on the east
side of the North or High Street in default of payment of annual rent. In
1539 and 1640 Sir Andrew Charteris is mentioned as chaplain of St Sebastian's
Altar. J In a subsequent charter, dated 6th June 1474, it is stated that the
foundation of St Margaret's Altar was begun by Andrew de Pitscottie, and
renewed by Walter de Pitscottie, his nephew. In that charter the stipend is
stated at L.ll : 4 : 8, paid in various sums out of tenements in the town.
§ In the first volume of the Perth Town-Council Records, dated January
1500, is the payment of a charter, apparently a resignation in the hands of
the Bailies, by one of the chaplains of St Martin's Altar, of tenements in the
Kirk Vennel. On the 2d of October 1508 is a resignation by the chaplain
of St Martin's Altar, within the parish church of Perth, of a tenement
belonging to the deceased Sir David Scott, chaplain.

64 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
17. Altar of the Holy Presentation. — January 2,
1470-1. — Marjory Gray, wife of John Chalmers of Strathy,
obtained seizin of several lands and rents, and the charter is
said to have belonged to the Altar of the Holy Presentation.*
18. Altar of St Simon and St Stephen. — August 14,
1471. — -Sir Simon Bane, Presbyter, founded the Altar of St
Simon Zelotes the Apostle and St Stephen the Proto-Martyr,
and endowed it with a stipend of L.9 : 19 : 4, which was
confirmed by James III. on the 10th of March 1472-3.
19. Altar of St Thomas the Apostle and of St Thomas
a Beckett, Archbishop of Canterbury. — April 20, 1474.
— James Scott, the son of Thomas Scott, burgess of Perth,
renewed the foundation by his deceased father of an Altar to
St Thomas the Apostle and St Thomas a Beckett, Archbishop
of Canterbury, and endowed it with a stipend of L.7 : 5 : 4.
20. Altar of St Dionysius the Martyr. — July 13,
1484. — John Spalding, Dean of the Cathedral Church of
Brechin, founded a chaplaincy to St Dionysius the Martyr at
the Altar of St Catharine in the parish church of Perth, and
endowed it with a stipend of L.8 : 14 : 8.
21. Altar of St Blasius, Bishop and Martyr. — March
2, 1490-1. — Andrew Cavers, Abbot, and the Convent of the
Monastery of Lindores, founded an Altar in honour of St
Blasius, and endowed it with a stipend of L.IO : 15s. out of
their property in Perth.
22. Altar of St Mary of Consolation. — August 9,
¦* The chaplaincy of the Lady or Presentation Altar in St Andrew's Aisle
was founded by Robert Chawmer or Chalmer, described as Master of Arts and
Burgess of Perth, whose grandfather, John de Chaumer, founded St Andrew's
Altar. On the 6th of May 1491-2 King James IV. confirmed the foundation
of the chaplaincy of the Lady or Presentation Altar, so called in honour of
the Presentation of our Saviour in the Temple by his mother the Virgin Mary.
In the King's confirmation the endowments are thus enumerated: — the whole
and entire tenement, with its pertinents, on the south side of the North
Street, one on the north and another on the south side of the South Street,
a garden without the Spey Bridge, and L.4; 13: 4 out of certain specified
tenements. Robert de Chalmer, though a Master of Arts, and educated at
the University of St Andrews, was not an ecclesiastic. He married Catherine
de Kinnaird, and they both agreed, on the 9th of July 1491, to found a
chaplaincy at the Altar of St Andrew the Apostle in the parish church of
Perth, in honour of the Virgin Mary and the Presentation of our Saviour in
the Temple.

CHURCH OF ST JOHN THE BAPTIST. 65
1491. — Master James Fenton, Vicar of Tippermuir, founded
a chaplaincy at the Altar of St Andrew the Apostle, in St
Andrew's Aisle in the parish church of Perth, to the Virgin
Mary as Lady of Consolation, and endowed it with a tenement
on the east side of the Watergate, another on the west side
of the Kirkgate, a booth on the north side of the North Street,
and L.2 : 19 : 8 out of certain specified tenements.
23. St Salvador's Altar. — February 1, 1492-3. —
Alexander Scott, junior, grants seizin to Sir Patrick Ray,
chaplain of St Salvador's Altar, of a tenement in the south-east
corner of the Meal Vennel.
24. Trinity Altar. — July 3, 1495. — Master John de
Dundee, Vicar of Rhynd, * founded an obit of two merks at
Trinity Altar in the new chapel of St James in the parish
church of Perth. | On the 19th of that month Richard Kelt,
burgess of Perth, foimded an obit of six shUlings eight pennies
at the same altar. |
25. St Fillan's Altar. — After Michaelmas 1496. — Sir
Patrick Ray, chaplain of St Salvador's Altar, founded at the
said Altar a chaplaincy in honour of St Fillan the Confessor, and
Prior of Pittenweem, endowing it with twenty shillings out of
a tenement in the Vennel of the Watergate, and L.8 : 11 : 2
annuaUy out of certain tenements in the town.
26. St Peter's Altar. — February 5, 1503-4. — John
Rattray of LeitchhiU and David Rattray his grandson granted
twenty-six shillings eight pennies to St Peter's Altar. §
* He was also chaplain of St James' Altar.
t The persons who served at this Altar of the Holy Trinity were designated
Confratres, or the Confraternity of Trinity Altar.
t On the 23d of November 1514, Mr Thomas Spalding, chaplain of the
Altar of the Holy Trinity, resigns a tenement on the south side of the South
Street ; and, on the same date. Sir Simon Young, chaplain of the same altar,
adopts judicial proceedings about a yard ou the east side of the Meal Vennel,
in default of payment of six shillings and eightpence therefrom. — Perth
Town-Council Records, vol. i.
§ St Peter was the tutelary saint of the Incorporated Fleshera of Perth,
who illuminated his altar with wax lights. For supporting this altar a tax,
vulgarly called Patie's Altarage Penny, was levied on all slaughtered cattle,
which was regularly exacted till 1760, when it was abolished by the Town-
Council as a " relic of Popeiy. '' — New Statistical Account <Jf Scotland —
Perth, p. 82. In 1632 Sir John Matheson was chaplain of St Peter's Altar.
— Perth Town-Council Records, vol. i. 5

66 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
27. Altar of Severus. — September 6, 1504. — Robert
Clark, burgess of Perth, founded an altar in honour of St
Severus, preacher and confessor, and endowed it with an
annual stipend of L.5 : 6 : 8. *
28. St Christopher's Altar. — August 28, 1511. —
Alexander Tyrie, Provost of Perth, founded an altar or
chaplaincy in honour of St Christopher the Martyr, at the
altar of St Clement, which was confirmed by James IV. on
the 27th of January 1512-13. f
29. Altar of the Salvation or our Lady and of St
Gabriel. — November 12, 1513. — Patrick Wallis, burgess of
Perth, granted to the Altar of the Salvation of Our Lady of
Annunciation and of St Gabriel, by him newly founded, the
tenement he inhabited on the south side of the Fish Market,
and an annual rent of ten shillings out of the same tenement
to St Salvador's altar.
30. Altar of the Visitation, or Altar of our Lady's
Grace. — April 21, 1514. — Sir Simon Young, Chaplain,
granted an annual rent of twenty shilhngs out of his tenement
on the west side of St Ann's Vennel. %
31. Nomine Jesu Altar. — February 28, 1518-19. — Sir
John Tyrie, Provost of the collegiate church of Methven, Dean
of the Confraternity of the Name Jesus in the parish church
of Perth, and the United Brethren ofthe same Order, established
out of their revenues an altar and chaplaincy in the parish
church of Perth, in honour of the name Jesus, commonly
Nomine Jesu Altar, and endowed it with a tenement on the
* On the 21st of February 1526-7, Archbishop James Beaton of St Andrews
ratified by charter this foundation of the Altar of St Severus.
+ On the 17th of September 1526, Sir Simon Young, Dean of Christianity
of Gowrie, and Commissary of the Bishop of Dunkeld for the locality of
TuUilum, confirmed the foundation of this Altar.
X In St Ann's Vennel was St Ann's Chapel. On the 1st of August 1514,
John Mackison, burgess of Perth, granted an annual rent of forty shillings
out of n tenement on the east side of the AVater Street, to celebrate divine
services for the soul of John Blackwood. Sir Walter Eviot was then chaplain.
The above-mentioned Altar of our Lady's Grace was apparently Our Lady's
Altarage, for certain ornaments of which, Adam Ramsay, burgess of Perth,
on the 15th of April 1544, obtained an act of cautionry on behalf of John
Smetten, burgess of Perth, at the hands of the Provost, Bailies, and Council.
— Records of the Town-Council of Perth.

CHURCH OF ST JOHN THE BAPTIST. 67
north side of the South Street, another tenement and garden
on the south side of the same street, and thirteen shUUngs
and four pennies out of tenements in the North and South
Streets. On the 30th of March 1519, Archbishop Forman
of St Andrews confirmed the foundation of the Altar of the
Name of Jesus, and approved of the Confraternity of the same
name. *
32. Confraternity or Trinity Altar. — March 16,
1518-9. — Master John Ireland, Vicar ofthe parish church of
Perth, Dean of the Confiraternity or United Brethren of the
Order assumed in honour of the Holy Trinity in the parish
church of Perth, and the United Brethren of the said Order,
established out of their resources an Altar and Chaplaincy
in the said parish church in honour of the Holy Trinity,
commonly called Confraternity or Trinity Altar, endowing it
-with a certain tenement, with its pertinents, on the north side
of the South Street, between the tenement of the late Sir John
Myreton, Prebendary of Forgan, on the east, and that of
Andrew Crieff on the west ; the one-half of the rent of the
tenement of Alexander Horner on the same side of the same
street, for the annual celebration at the said altar of an
anniversary for the souls of the said Alexander Horner and
Janet Reid his spouse on the day of their decease ; the whole
and entire orchard of the said Alexander Horner, with its
pertinents, lying without the Spey Bridge of the said burgh ;
twenty-six shiUings eight pennies of annual rent out of the
entire tenement of the late Master John Dundee, on the north
side of the South Street, one-half of which is to be paid to
* The revenues of this altar were subsequently increased by a tenement in
the North Street, and an annual rent of L.l : 6 : 8 out of two other tenements
and a garden. , These donations are entered by a diflFerent hand, and were
inserted by the Confraternity some years after the date of this charter. They
are not mentioned in Archbishop Forman's charter of confirmation, which
intimates that the brethren had not theu acquired the donations. Mr Scott
says — " The common seal of this Fraternity of the Name of Jesus, one of
whom was John Ireland, Vicar of Perth, is large and of an oval iigure. The
device is a person standing upright, entirely naked, probably intended for
an emblematical representation of perfect innocence. An inscription, not
very legible, in the old Saxon characters, surrounds the seal. This fraternity
were much more harmless devotees than the disciples of Ignatius Loyola, who
some short time after took to themselves the name of Jesuits."

68 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
the chaplain of the said Altar founded by the United Brethren
of the said Confraternity, and the other half for obsequies and
a mass of rest and memorial to be celebrated every year at
the said altar on the day of the decease of the foresaid Master
John Dundee ; and L.6 : 15 : 8 out of certain specified tene
ments in the town. On the 30th of March 1519, Archbishop
Forman ratified the foundation of this Altar, which was
notarially attested by John Lauder, Master of Arts, clerk of
the Diocese of St Andrew's, by sacred apostolical and imperial
authority notary-public, and entered and enrolled a member
in the office of the Keeper of the Writings of the Roman
Court.* 33. Altar of St Fith, or St Fithie, the Virgin. —
May 8, 1523. — Finlay Anderson, burgess of Perth, founded
an Altar in the parish church of Perth in honour of St Fith,
or St Fithie the Virgin, and endowed it with an annual
stipend of L.12 out of certain tenements in the High Street,
the North Street, and the Watergate.
34. Altar of St Kentigern or St Mungo, the reputed
FIRST Bishop of Glasgow. — November 8, 1523. — Master
James Fenton, Precentor of Dunkeld, founded an Altar and
chaplaincy in honour of St Kentigern in St Andrew's Aisle
in the parish church of Perth, and endowed the same with a
tenement lately purchased by him on the south side of the
South Street, and with an annual stipend of L.9 : 6 : 8 out of
tenements in the town.
35. Altar of St Bridget, or St Bride. — January 13,
1523-4. — Master James Fenton, Precentor of Dunkeld,
founded an Altar in honour of St Bridget the Virgin in St
Andrew's Aisle in the parish church of Perth, and endowed
it with the tenement he occupied on the north side of the
North Street, an entire booth or shop in the front tenement
of Simon Dickson on the west side of the Castle-Gavel Street,
near the tenement belonging to the Abbot and Convent of the
Monastery of Coupar, and the sum of L.7 : 13 : 4 out of certain
tenements in the town.
* John Lauder acted as prosecutor at the trial of George Wishart called
the " Martyr," before Cardinal Beaton at St Andrews in 1546-6. He was
employed in a similar manner at the trial of Adam Wallace for heresy.

CHURCH OF ST JOHN THE BAPTIST. 69
36. Altar of St Joseph, Confessor, and Husband of
the Virgin Mary. — January 4, 1524-5. — Sir John Tyrie,
Presbyter and Provost of the CoUegiate Church of Methven,
founded a Chaplaincy in honour of St Joseph at the Altar of
St Michael the Archangel in the parish church of Perth,
and endowed it with an entire tenement on the east side of
the Kirkgate, the annual sum of L.2 out of the tenement of
Alexander Horner on the south side of the South Street, and
the sum of 13s. 4d. out of the tenement of Robert Kerr on
the west side of the Watergate, with deductions out of the
tenement in the Kirkgate of L.l : 13 : 4 annually to the Abbot
and Monastery of Scone, the sum of 6s. 8d. to the Charterhouse,
the sum of 10s. to the chaplain of St Peter's Altar in the
parish church of Perth, and 6s. 8d. to the Bridge of Tay.
37. Altar of St Barbara, Virgin and Martyr. —
Septemher 17, 1526. — Sir Simon Young, Dean of Christianity
of Gowrie, and Commissary of the Bishop of Dunkeld for the
locality of TuUilum, confirmed by charter the foundation of
the Altar of St Christopher at St Clement's Altar by Alexander
Tyrie, when he was Provost of Perth on the 28th of August
1511, to which the said Alexander Tyrie annexed the Altar of
St Barbara, founded by him on the 20th of October 1525.
38. Altar of St Gregory and St Augustine. — April
20, 1529. — Sir Simon Young, Vicar of Pitcairn, founded an
Altar and Chaplaincy in honour of St Gregory and St
Augustine at the Altar of All Saints in the parish church of
Perth, and endowed the same with the annual sum of fifteen
merks, or L.IO, out of the two entire tenements lately erected
by him on the south side of the South Street.'

¦ *

* Mr Scott says of the Altar of St Gregory and St Augustine — " The sasine
of its annual rents was dated November 3, 1532. Its rent at the Reformation
was 16s. Id. sterling. The Prior of the Charterhouse appears to have been
patron, for after the Reformation there was a gift from the Prior of the
Charterhouse of St Gregory's and St Augustine's Altar to Henry Drummond,
son to James Drummond, Sheriflf-Clerk of Perth, during his lifetime, dated
April 23, 1674, which was resigned to the Kirk-Session in favour of King
James VI.'s Hospital. There was also what was called St Gregory's Mass,
or Altar, pertaining to ten choristers of Perth, or nine clerks, the tenth,
with advice of the Provost, founded by Sir John Myreton, Prebendary of
Forgandenny. The rent of St Gregory's Mass, as given by Sir Robert Rhynd
after the Reformation, was 18s. OJd. sterling."

70 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
39. Altar of St Roque. — July 4, 1553. — Archbishop
HamUton of St Andrew's confirmed the presentation of Sir
David CoUing to be chaplain of the Altar of the blessed St
Roque the Confessor, in the parish church of Perth. *
40. Altar of St John the Baptist. — -April 28, 1556. —
Sir Wilham Ramsay accomplishes the will of the late Su-
Simon Young, by reducing into lawful form the foundation of
the Altar of St John the Baptist in the parish church of
Perth, and endowing it with a stipend of L.13 : 15 : 4 out of
certain specified tenements in the town. This foundation was
confirmed by charter under the seal of Archbishop HamUton
of St Andrews on the 14th of July 1556-7.

The above numerous Altars were constantly receiving addi
tional endowments, especially the more ancient of them, in the
form of tenements, or annual rents paid out of house-property
in Perth.f Numbers of these charters remain, of which speci
mens are given. Although regular chaplains were appointed
to those endowed Altars, St John's Church at Perth, as it was
merely a parish church, had only one incumbent before the
Reformation, who was designated Vicar of Perth, and many
* On the 8th of February 1683-4, Andrew Donaldson, Master of the
Hospital, is to take instant cognizance of the Altarages of St Rook, or Roque,
St Mungo, St James, and St Bryde, pertaining to Sir David Colling, who is
mentioned as chaplain of St Roque's Altar in 1573. Notwithstanding the
change of religion, a Mr David Mitchel, described as " chaplain of St Roque's
Altar," was Ceiling's (lay) successor, and on the 25th of March 1584 the King's
letters were issued, charging all and sundry heritors, feuars, and farmers, to
make payment of the fruits and rents of that altarage under pain of horning.
Sir John Young was chaplain of St Roque's Altar in 1651, and Sir David
Colling in 1563, but the date of its foundation is unknown.
+ Other Altars are mentioned in the Town-Council Records. In January
1600, seizin was given by the procurator of John Charteris, Provost, of
property which belonged to Sir David Scott, resigned by Sir John  ,
chaplain of St Matthew's Altar. On the 23d of November 1614, Sir Robert
Keillor, chaplain of the Altar of St Duchay, resigned a tenement on the
north side of the South Street. The Town's Altar is thus noticed, under
date 16th October 1508, — "Statuta propter observationem Vestimentorum
Ecclesice ;" and, written in a modern hand — " The Master of Works to keep
and take care of the vestments, books, chalices, towels, and all other ornaments
of the Town pertaining to the Altar." — Perth Town-Council Records, vol. i.

CHURCH OF ST JOHN THE BAPTIST. 71
years afterwards the spiritual wants of the citizens required
only one individual, who was the sole minister of Perth.
One of the earliest notices of the organ in Scotland — though
that noble instrument was common in England in the tenth
century — occurs in connection with the Church of St John
the Baptist in the " Fair City." In the Records of the Burgh,
under date 1511, is an entry appointing George (Dunning) to
be parish clerk, who is also obliged to employ a sufficient
person to sing and play the organ during Divine Service, and
find strings and cords to the bells. Under date 1521 is a
long and curious document of John and Patrick Chalmers,
accepting the appointment of joint parish clerks in room of
the deceased George Dunning, and binding themselves to find
a competent person to " play upon the organ and sing at the
daily Service done in the kirk all the days of their hves." The
above two intimations are interesting as pro'ving that the organ
was used during Divine Service at Perth at least half a century
before the Reformation. It is to be regretted that so httle is
known of the date of instrumental music in Scotland before
that event. As St John's Church had no vicars skUled in the
Gregorian Song for the daily service, though it had choristers,
it is probable that it was the only parish church in the
kingdom which anciently contained an organ. The document
dated in 1511 mentions the organ as having been long in the
edifice rather than as of recent introduction ; and it is evident
that the Magistrates were proud of the instrument, from
the particular manner in which they bound the parties who
were appointed to undertake the duty. As James L, among
his other accomphshments which he acquired in England,
could play well on the organ, harp, trumpet, bagpipe, and
other instruments, the organ at Perth, which before he was
murdered was considered the capital, may have been introduced
by him. The celebrated Gawin Douglas, Bishop of Dunkeld,
in his poem entitled the " Palace of Honour," mentions organs
among the instruments he enumerates.

^^©9gQB>^

©tits in 5>t Joi)n tt)c ISaptist'g <ttf)urci),
RENTAL OF THE OBITS, OR SUMS OF MONEY PAID TO THE
CHAPLAINS AND CHORISTERS IN THE PARISH CHURCH OF
PERTH, FOR ANNIVERSARY SERVICES TO BE PERFORMED FOR
THE DEAD.
p^HE meagre list subjoined is thus described by Mr
Scott, in his Abstracts — " The following Rental is
partly taken from an old Latin rental, seemingly
written or produced about the year 1561, and inserted with a
translation in the Rental-Book of David Black, clerk of (the
Kirk) Session in the year 1655, and partly from another old
Rental written on two leaves of paper much damaged. The
alteration I have thought proper to make is to arrange the obit
gifts in chronological order, and to describe more particularly
the persons by whom they were granted."
1438. — Sir Andrew de Pitscottie, Vicar of Perth, L.l. He
was a younger son of the Loncarty family, and was Vicar of
Perth in 1401. He was the founder of the Altars of Martin
the Confessor, and of St Margaret, Queen of Scotland, in the
parish church of Perth, and those foundations were afterwards
ratified by his nephew, Walter de Pitscottie of Loncarty. He
died on the 8th of September 1438, on which day his obit was
annually celebrated. The sum of twenty shillings, of which
each of the officiating choristers was to receive six pennies,
and each of the foundation chaplains who took any part in
the service four pennies, was granted out of Isabel Stewart's
tenement of the Little CoUege, at the west end of the church
yard, afterwards the property of the Lords Ruthven and the
Earls of Gowrie.
1463.— John de Donyng, L.l : 13 : 4. John de Donyng
was Vicar of Perth in 1448, and died on the 5th of December

CHURCH OF ST JOHN THE BAPTIST. 73
1463, on which his obit was annually celebrated. Each
officiating chorister was to receive ten pennies, and each
foundation chaplain who took part in the service six pennies.
1470. — Sir John de Bute, Chaplain, L.3. In addition to
the Altar of St John the Apostle, and the chaplaincies of St
Lawrence the Deacon and Martyr, and of St Sebastian the
General and Martyr, founded by Sir John de Bute, he pro
vided a brass star to be displayed before the image of St
John, a lamp to hang before the image of St Lawrence, and
another before the image of St Sebastian. Those were to be
illuminated by the respective chaplains from the fourth to the
sixth hour for three months, viz. from the Feast of All Saints
on the 1st of November, to the Feast of the Purification of
the Virgin Mary on the 2d of February, and on Sundays
throughout the year, the great Festivals, and other specified
occasions. Sir John de Bute died on the 7th of October
1470, on which day his obit was annually celebrated ; but
though he allotted for the purpose L.3 yearly, only two-thirds
of that sum seems to have been paid.
1474.— Thomas Oliphant of Dron, L.2. Thomas Oliphant
of Dron is said to have been the second son of Sir John
Oliphant of Aberdalgie, and younger brother of Laurence first
Lord Ohphant. He died on the 11th of December 1474, and
left as an obit the sum of L.2, of which twenty-six shillings
eight pennies were to be paid out of the lands of Wester
Dron and KintiUoch, and thirteen shillings four pennies out
of a tenement on the east side of the Kirkgate of Perth. Each
officiating chorister was to receive twelve pennies, and each
foundation chaplain who joined in the service eight pennies.
1478. — Sir Thomas Cross, Chaplain of St Ninian's Altar,
L.l. Sir Thomas Cross died on the 19th of November 1478,
on which day his obit was annually celebrated.
1495. — Master John de Dundee, Vicar of Rhynd, 13s. 4d.
He was also Chaplain of St James' Altar, and one of the
brethren of the Confraternity of the Holy Trinity ; and he
died on the 1st of December 1495.
1496. — Sir John de Kinmonth, Chaplain, L.l. Sir John
de Kinmonth, one of the chaplains of the parish church of
Perth, was probably a descendant of Elizabeth de Kinmonth,
of that Ilk, who in her " pure widowhood" made a donation.

74 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
dated 25th March 1382, of one boU of wheat and one boll of
barley annually to the Black Friars. He was elected by his
brother chaplains their collector or receiver, and died on the
6th of July 1496, on which day his obit was annually to be
celebrated. 1496-7. — Andrew Currour, Burgess of Perth, died 25th
January, L.l.
1498. — Dean Andrew Cavers, Abbot of Lindores, — the
obit to be said annually on the 3d of November, — 13s. 4d.
1504. — Andrew Charteris of Cuthilgurdy, died 12th April,
L.2 : 4s.
1504 — John Rattray of LeitchhiU, died 10th September,
L.l : 6 : 8.
 . Richard Kelt, Burgess of Perth, 6s. 8d.
1507. — Sir John Myrton, Prebendary of Forgan, Canon of
Dunkeld, and Rector of Dupplin, died 2d August, L.8 : 6 : 8.
1510. — Alexander Bunch, Burgess of Perth, died 2d
October, L.l.
1516. — Patrick WeUis, or Wallace, Burgess of Perth, died
4th July, L.2 : 13 : 4.
1524. — -Robert Chalmers, Burgess of Perth and Master of
Arts, died on the 7th of May or June, 16s.
1524-5. — Sir Malcolm Burn, Chaplain, died 26th January,
L.l. 1525. — ^ Alexander Tyrie of Busby, Burgess of Perth, died
22d of November, L.3 : 3s.
1526.— Robert Duchlay, or Duchal, Burgess of Perth, died
15th May, 13s. 4d.
1527. — John Armour, Burgess of Perth, — day of obit
unknown, L.4.
1534.— Robert Methven, Burgess of Perth, died 10th
AprU 1534, L.l.
1543. — Sir James Gundy, Burgess of Perth, L.2.
1546. — Adam Ramsay, Burgess of Perth, L.2.
1550. — John Moncur of Balleny, L.l : 6 : 8.
Without dates. — Violet Nairn, L.l — Wilham Burry, L.l 
Sir Wilham Davidson, Chaplain, L.2 — Patrick HaU, L.2.

Religious i^otiises antr Cijapels.

(^^S|i^^HE Religious Houses and Chapels which were at Perth
IS (f^- before the Reformation, and of which very scanty
) "^iri-' notices remain, were as follows : —
1. The Grey Friars' or Franciscan Convent, founded
in 1460 by Sir Laurence Ohphant of Aberdalgie, first Lord
Ohphant. It stood on the south-east quarter of the town
near the Tay, and in 1580 the ground was constituted the
common cemetery of the inhabitants of the town and parish.
It is still known as the Grey Friars' Cemetery, although, as
in the case of Edinburgh, the Grey Friars had no farther
connection with it than as proprietors of ground of which
they were deprived by those who took advantage of Knox's
mob. Knox describes the condition of their Convent on that
occasion in a very graphic manner — " And in very deid the
Gray Freirs was a place weiU providit, that unless honest men
had seen the same, we wald have feirit to report what provision
they had. Their scheites, blancattis, beddis, and covertours,
were such that no Erie in Scotland had better ; thair naiperie
was fyne ; there were but aucht persons in (the) Convent, and
yet had aucht punscheones of salt beef (considder the tyme
of the year, the 11th of May), wyne, heir, and aile, besydes
stoir of victuels effeiring thairto." * Sir John Graham Dalyell
severely remarks — " Notwithstanding the relation of a hot-
brained fanatic, this may be partly true." f
¦* Historic of the Reformation of Religioun in Scotland, folio, Edin. 1732,
p. 128.
f Fragments of Scottish History, 4to. Edin. 1798, p. 29. No charters of
the Grey Friars' Monastery are preserved at Perth, and they appear to have
been all destroyed. It was the third Monastery of the Observantines erected
in Scotland. — Waddingus (R. P. Lucas), Annales Minorum seu Trium
Ordinum a S. Francisco Institutorum, continuati a P. Josepho Maria de
Ancona, folio, Romse, 1745, tom. xix. p. 127.

76 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
2. Our Lady's Chapel was situated at the foot of the High
Street or North Street, near the Old Bridge. It is described
as an old building as anciently as A. D. 1210, when it was
considerably injured by a fearful inundation of the Tay. It
was afterwards rebuUt farther from the river, and a portion of
it is known as the Old Prison, having been so appropriated
after the Reformation. With the exception of part of St John's
Church this is the only remaining ecclesiastical memorial of
the ancient Hierarchy in Perth.
3. St Lawrence's Chapel was founded in December 1405,
and was situated at the Castle-Gavel, on part of the ground
connected with the old Castle. It was of royal origin, though
the real founder is unknown. John de Busby was among its
early chaplains, and was presented to it for life by mandate
from Robert III. It ¦svill be seen from the Black Friars'
charters, under date 1405, that Robert III. made a donation
of the Chapel of St Lawrence to that Fraternity, because his
mother, Elizabeth Mure, the second Queen of Robert II., was
interred in their monastery church. * Anxious for the repose
of his mother's soul, and desirous of procuring for her before
he died the suffrages of devout prayers, Robert III. induced
John de Busby to resign his right to the Chapel of St
Lawrence, and immediately conferred it, with all its emoluments,
in " pure and perpetual alms," on the Black Friars of Perth
and their successors. They were to perform in it the usual
divine service, and the prescribed suffrages ; but as they were
not obliged to maintain a chaplain, and as the expense of
keeping the. edifice in repair was in their opinion considerable,
they allowed it to fall into decay, and they at last transformed
it into a dwelling-house, or the pertinents of a dwelling-house,
disposing of it and the adjoining ground called the Chapel
Hill, south-west from their monastery, in perpetual or heritable
leases. As such it figures in charters of tenements and gardens
of date 1477, 1495-6, and 1501-2. It is stated that the
whole had faUen into ruin before 1543, and the Magistrates
had taken possession of the ground and removed the old
materials of the chapel. This summary act produced a letter
* See the abstract of the charter of Robert III. granting the Chapel of St
Lawrence, dated 3d December 1405, in the previous enumeration of the Black
Friars' charters.

RELIGIOUS HOUSES AND CHAPELS. 77
from the Regent Arran on the 2d of May 1543, subscribed
with his own hand, and under his own signet, representing
that " whereas the waste land whereon the Chapel of St
Lawrence sometime was buUded, lying in the Castle-Gavel of
the burgh of Perth, pertained to the Prior and Convent of the
Predicant Friars of the said burgh as patrimony of their Place,
they (the Provost and Magistrates) had, notwithstanding,
intromitted with and occupied the said lands for several years
bypast, by which means the Friars received no benefit from
it, and particularly had lost yearly the feu-duty of ten shillings
which Andrew Robertson and his wife, before the Town's
illegal intromission, had promised to pay. He (the Regent),
therefore, charged them immediately to indemnify the Friars
for the losses they had sustained, and to suffer them peaceably
to dispose of the ground in any manner they pleased for
their own advantage." The Friars, however, did not obtain
immediate possession, and while a plea connected with the
GUten Herbar was in dependence, they furnished a paper of
instructions to those whom they had engaged to plead their
cause on the 10th of September 1543, directing them to
maintain, in opposition to the Town-Council — " Item, The
said Provincial, Prior, and Convent, acclaim from the said
community the ground violently occupied by them, whereupon
ane Chapel of St Lawrence* stood beside the said burgh, and
pertaining to the said Prior and Convent, and their prede
cessors, past memory of man, together with materials, stones,
and timber, spoyled by the said community, extending to the
value of  money foresaid." It is uncertain, from their
" accompt book of moneys received," whether the Friars ever
recovered possession of this ground. The feudatory proprietor
in 1588 was Thomas Anderson, maltman, and from his avo
cation it was called Malt's Land. It is described, according
to its after possessors, in the rental-book of 1702 as bounded
* Mr. Scott here observes that St Leonard's is erroneously written in the
charter St Lawrence. " The Black Friars," he says, " never had any right
to the ground of the Chapel of St Leonard, which was annexed to the
Carthusian Monastery, nor is there the smallest intimation of another Chape!
of St Leonard situated on the north side of the town near the Black Friars'
Monastery. The ground in that neighbourhood called Chapdhill seems for
certain to have been so called from the Chapel of St Lawrence situated upon
it."

78 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
on the north by " the land sometime of John Blithe, there
after the Doucat Yard, and now the Blackfriars."
4. The Chapel or St Ann, mother of the Virgin, was
situated at the south side of St John's Church, in the aUey
now caUed the School Vennel, formerly St Ann's Vennel, and
had an hospital for the free entertainment of strangers and
poor persons. The date of the foundation and the name of the
founder or founders are unknown, but it was of considerable
antiquity. Sir Walter Eviot, of the family of Eviot of Bal
housie, was chaplain for a number of years before 1528, the
year of his death, when he was succeeded by Sir Patrick Young.
He left the sum of L.3 : 6 : 8 for a weekly mass or obit to be
said for the repose of his soul, and nominated Sir John Swinton
to be chaplain of that weekly mass, which was to be celebrated
every Tuesday, and accompanied by the music of the organ.
Sir Patrick Young acknowledged that he was bound as patron
to maintain the weekly mass, but as he was doubtful if the
sum would defray the expense of the music, he relieved Sir
John Swinton from that obhgation if he found that the donation
was insufficient. The other Obits mentioned as celebrated
in St Ann's Chapel were, — 1. One of L.2, founded in 1514
by John Mackison, burgess of Perth, for the repose of the
souls of James IV. and of John Blackwood, burgess of Perth,
to be celebrated weekly every Tuesday by the principal chap
lain of the Chapel if he should be able to sing well, and three
of the chaplains who were choristers in St John's Church;
the obit silver to be paid out of a tenement belonging to
John Mackison in the Water-gate. 2. Oliphant's Obit of L.l,
out of a tenement on the south side of the North Street, and
supposed to have been founded by Thomas Ohphant, brother
of Lawrence first Lord Oliphant, who died on the 11th of
December 1474. 3. The mass of the Cross, sung on Fridays,
the sum of ten shillings, out of the " King's lodging and yard"
on the east side of the Speygate. 4. John Armour's mass, to
be sung on the Wednesdays and Fridays, for which the sum
of L.4 was to be paid annually. 5. Patrick Wellis' Obit, of
L.l:6:8, out ofa land on the north side ofthe North Street.*
* St Ann's Chapel contained some private altars. On the 12th of January
1522, Sir Robert Barbour is mentioned as chaplain of St Michael's A Itar in
the Chapel of St Ann. — Perth Town-Council Records, vol. i.

RELIGIOUS HOUSES AND CHAPELS. 79
5. St James' Chapel, which by a curious combination was also
dedicated to St Thomas a Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury,
was situated at the south side of St John's Church. The
founder is unknown. About 1400 the Chapel became ruinous,
and a new one was erected by the Town-CouncU, chiefly by
the assistance of WUham Whitson, a wealthy burgess.
6. The Chapel of Loretto, vulgarly designated Allareit,
stood on the north side of the head of the South Street. The
circumstances connected with its foundation are unknown. *
7. St Paul's Chapel, founded on Christmas Day, 1434, by
John Spens of Glendewghe, or Glen-Douglas, was situated at
the north-west corner of the New Row. It had an adjoining
hospital for the entertainment of strangers and of poor and
infirm persons. Mr Scott says — " The foundation charter
was extant in the year 1650, when Henry Brown, notary in
Perth, wrote a very distinct inventory of the writs belonging
to James VI.'s Hospital at Perth. This Inventory was written
by " warrant and command of the commissioners appointed
for visitation of the said Hospital, given at Perth, March 20,
1650." It contained a donation of " sundry lands, and of
sundry annual rents out of sundry lands." In a miscellaneous
Book of Rents, written about the year 1655 by one David
Black, is the following article: — " Ane Foundation Charter
made by umquhiU John Spens of Glen-Douglas, burgess of
Perth, of St Paul's Chapel above the Turret Bridge, containing
L.20 of annual rent, whereof ten merks (L.6 : 13 : 4) to the
chaplain, and twenty merks to the poor. Patrons thereto the
said John Spens and his heirs, vrith advice and deliberation of
the Aldermen and Council of Perth, dated Yule 1434."
8. The Rood Chapel, or Chapel of the Holy Cross,
stood on the north side of the South Street port.
9. St Catharine's Chapel was situated at the west end of
Perth, in the locality known as the Claypots. It was founded
on the 19th of June 1523, by Sir John Tyrie, who was for a
number of years Provost of the collegiate church of Methven.
At the west end of the building was an hospital for the
* Unlike similar Chapels of Our Lady of Loretto in other places, the one
at Perth seems to have had no miraculous influence.

80 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
entertainment of poor travellers. The original Latin charter,
which is of considerable length, is preserved, and is inscribed
Johannes Tyry, Prcepositus de Mefiin. The following extracts
from the translation set forth the founder's sentiments: —
" Whereas by pious prayers and celebrations of masses, where
with the Son is offered for sins, we believe that sins are
remitted, the pains of Purgatory mitigated, and the souls of
the deceased frequently liberated, and placed in the joys of
Paradise, know, therefore, that, being engaged in divine
contemplation, I, the said Sir John, have, to the honour of
the sacred undividable Trinity, the Father, the Son, and the
Holy Spirit, of the most glorious Virgin Mary, and of the
whole Celestial Court, especially to the honour of the blessed
Catharine, Virgin, spouse of our Lord Jesus Christ, and for the
prosperous augmentation of ecclesiastical worship, founded,
constructed, and ordained a Chapel at the west end of the
burgh of Perth, at the Claypots, and an house or hospital for
the hospitality of poor travellers coming thither, situated
contiguous at the west side of the said Chapel, with a chamber
and garden for the chaplain underwritten, and his successors.
And for the perpetual support of the said Chapel and Chap
laincy, I have given, granted, and assigned to one Chaplain,
viz. to Sir David Tyrie, and his successors, perpetuaUy to
celebrate divine service in the said Chapel" — for the salvation
of the soul of James IV., for the soul of James V., " present
King of Scots," for the salvation of the souls of the founder,
of his father and mother, brothers and sisters, of Master
Robert Monorgand, who had afforded his " sound counsel and
assistance towards the founding and buUding of the said
Chapel;" for the salvation of the souls of all from whom the
founder says he may have received any goods without having
rendered fuU and condign satisfaction; also for the souls of all
the faithful dead, — his nine ox-gangs, with their pertinents,
of all and sundry the lands of Ochtertyre,* lying in the barony
of the same, and within the sheriffdom of Forfar, payable at
Whitsunday and Martinmas; and two merks of annual rent for

* Or Auchtertyre, in the parish of Newtyle, Forfarshire, near the boundary
of the Perthshire parish of Meigle.

RELIGIOUS HOUSES AND CHAPELS. 81
the " sustenance of the roof, the reparation of the said Chapel,
and the beds of the same." The pious founder also makes an
annual donation of L.5 : 6 : 8 to " one poor man to minister
in the masses daUy to be celebrated in the said Chapel, and to
worship daily for the souls above expressed," to be paid out of
the lands commonly called the Langlands, on the north side
of the chapel, in the Barony of Balhousie. The founder next
enjoins, that if Lord Oliphant or his heirs shall redeem or
acquit the nine ox-gangs of the lands of Ochtertyre, according
to the tenor of a reversion made thereupon, the sum of four
hundred merks shall be received for those lands by the chaplain
at the time, by Robert Tyrie his brother, and his heirs, and
by the Provost of Perth, who are to deposit the money with
the Prior and Convent of the Carthusian Monastery, to be
kept by them until the chaplain, the founder's brother, or his
heirs, with consent of the Provost of Perth, shall invest the
money in other lands or annual rents. The Chaplain was to
be a presbyter of " approven life and honest conversation,
sufficiently instructed in literature,'' who was always to reside
in the chapel, or in the burgh of Perth, and celebrate daily
in the said chapel masses and suffrages of prayers, and he
was to retain " no concubine or public handmaid." He was to
maintain decently the ornaments of the Chapel, viz. in " mass-
books, altar-palls, chalices, phials, chusibles, amices, stoles, caps,
hangings, tapestries, curtains, and other necessaries for the
celebration of Divine Service." The " poor man" was to be
of mature age, of " good condition and state to minister to
the priest in the mass," and he was also to reside personally in
the chapel. The founder was to have the right of patronage
of the chaplain and of the " poor man" during his lifetime;
and after his death the patronage was to be exercised by
the Town -Council. Some other conditions are specified,
regulating the chaplain, the patronage, and the payment of
the stipend.
10. The Nunnery of St Leonard the Abbot, with its
Chapel and Hospital, was a short distance south-west of the
town, and was founded before 1296. After the erection of
the Carthusian Monastery this Nunnery was suppressed, and
its lands and rents were conferred on the Carthusians, who
6

82 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
continued the Chapel under their patronage.* Lady Elizabeth
Dunbar, daughter of George tenth Earl of Dunbar and March,
became Prioress of the Nunnery in 1411.t She had been be
trothed, or, as some allege, privately married, to the unfortunate
David Duke of Rothsay, eldest son of Robert III. Her father
is said to have paid to the Duke a large part of her marriage-
portion, and the latter signed a bond, under his seal, that he
would perform his espousal ; but in defiance of this contract
he married in 1400, in Bothwell church, Marjory, daughter
of Archibald third Earl of Douglas. Lady Elizabeth, whom
it appears he was compeUed to reject, devoted herself after his
unhappy death to a single religious life.
11. The Nunnery of St Mary Magdalene, with its
Chapel, was situated about a mile south of the town. The
time of its foundation is uncertain, and it shared the fate of
St Leonard's Nunnery, by having its lands and annual rents
conferred on the Carthusian Monastery.

Such is an abstract of the ecclesiastical state of Perth before
the Reformation, and up to the 11th of May 1559, when the
citizens, excited by John Knox's sermon in St John's Church,
were infected by an almost unparalleled madness, and utterly
demohshed the Religious Houses in one day, reserving only the
parish church of St John the Baptist, which they " purified"
according to their own newly adopted sentiments. Having
* About A.D. 1396, Gilbert Taj'lor, burgess of Perth, granted an annual
rent of forty pennies to the Hospital of St Leonard out of a tenement on
the south side of the North Street, which was afterwards acquired by the
Carthusian Monastery.
+ On the 23d of November 1411, Master Robert Clarkson (Clerici),
described as Governor of St Leonard's Hospital, renounced the same by charter
in favour of Lady Elizabeth Dunbar, in the chapel of the Archiepiscopal
Castle of St Andrews, iu presence of Bishop Wardlaw, Alexander de Ogil'i^,
Sheriflf of Angus, Sir Walter Oliphant of Kelly, Knight, John de Barclay,
Laird of Kippow, Richard Lovell, Laird of Ballinby, Deans and Masters James
de Hawdinston, Prior of the Isle of May, Patrick de Houston, Canon of the
Churches of Glasgow and Brechin, Robert de Drj'den, Rector of Muckhart,
and John Hunter, Presbyter of the Diocese of St Andrews. The attesting
notary is designated Bichard Militis.

RELIGIOUS HOUSES .'VND CHAPELS. 83
thus renounced the religion in which they had been educated,
and which their ancestors had professed for centuries, they
fell into the other extreme induced by their fanatical violence,
and, to make the change complete, the expelled ecclesiastics
were succeeded by a religious instructor who was afterwards
to be known as the " Minister" of Perth — this person repre
senting the former Vicar, and acting as sole preacher and
expounder, according to the practice introduced and saijctioned
by Knox and his confederates. The man whom they procured
to edify them in this capacity was himself a curious instance
of desertion of his former profession. This was Mr John
Row, the report of whose abUities had reached the Vatican,
and who was in consequence selected by the Pope* in 1559
to watch the progress of the movement in Scotland, and
who is said to have been the first who introduced the study
of the Hebrew language. Row was born near Stirling,
at the grammar-school of which he received his elementary
education, and he went to the University of St Andrews,
where he studied Philosophy and the Civil and Canon Law,
became Master of Ajts, and afterwards a pleader in the
Diocesan Courts. He visited Rome, and having attracted
the favourable notice of Paul IV. he was constituted agent
for the Church of Scotland at the Court of Rome in 1556,
after which he graduated at the University of Padua as
" Doctor Utriusque Juris." While at Rome he was seized
with such a dangerous iUness, that his physicians considered
the air of his own country as essential to his recovery. Paul
IV. assented to this recommendation, and Row landed at
Eyemouth armed with ample authority as apostolical legate
on the 29th of September 1558. His conversion was accelerated
by a pretended miracle of restoring the sight of a cowherd
of the Sisters of St Catherine of Sienna near Edinburgh, at
the Chapel of Loretto, in the vicinity of Musselburgh, and
he became as zealous a maintainer as he had formerly been
an opponent of the Reformation. He was chosen Minister
of Perth in 1560 by consent of the Town-Council and the
¦* Paul IV. (Gianpietro Caraffa, a Neapolitan), and continued by Pius IV.
(Giovanni Angelo Medichini of Milan.) Paul IV. died in 1559, and was
succeeded by Pius YY .

84 THE BOOR OF PERTH.
citizens. In this situation he continued till his death, which
occurred on Sunday, the 16th of October 1580, in the fifty-
fourth year of his age.
The new system followed by Row at Perth was preaching
a sermon in the forenoon and afternoon of the Sundays, and
another every Thursday, attendance at which was compulsory
on persons of all ranks. In the discharge of his public duties
he was assisted by the Kirk-Session or association of " Elders,"
who were elected annually, and by " Deacons," so called, who
all assisted in distributing the funds of the poor, though the
" Elders" were exclusively allowed to vote with the Minister
in matters of discipline. The Kirk-Session, or " Exercise,"
as it was quaintly designated, met weekly, and deliberated on
all cases of scandal, punishing delinquents by fines, imprison
ment, and public exposure in the irons at the Cross or on the
cock-stool. A functionary called a Reader or Exhorter was
also recognized, whose duty was hmited to reading passages
from the Scriptures and prayers from the " Book of Common
Order," or the " Book of Geneva." Such was the system
which supplanted the ancient Hierarchy of Scotland in one
generation ; and it is clear, from a careful examination of all
the proceedings of Knox and his associates, that they had
concocted no regular plan for their religious operations, the
organizing of local Presbyteries and the peculiarities of Pres
byterianism having been a subsequent achievement under the
auspices of Andrew Melville. Knox and those concerned in
preparing the " First Book of Discipline," and the " Confession
of the Fayth professed and believed by the Protestants vdthin
the Realme of Scotland," both of which were produced in
1560, appointed preachers in the principal towns, and they
subdivided a considerable part of the kingdom into five
districts, to each of which they nominated a most influential
person of their own number to exercise a kind of jurisdiction
or control, under the title of Superintendents, over those
preachers and exhorters or readers in the towns and parishes,
and those Superintendents were to be amenable to their General
Assemblies. It was contemplated to increase those Superin
tendents to ten, but this was never effected, and even the five
continued in their anomalous vocation only a short time. On

RELIGIOUS HOUSES AND CHAPELS. 85
the other hand, the pusillanimity of the then Prelates and
Dignitaries is a singular contrast to the conduct ofthe triumph
ant party. Such was the prostration of the Scottish Bishops,
that not one of them had the courage to raise his voice in
defence or palliation of that Church of which they ought
to have been the resolute defenders, though it is probable
they were intimidated by peculiar circumstances. Nay, it is
singular to find them in 1561 proffering to maintain the
preachers of the new, extraordinary, and unecclesiastical
association, with one-third of their revenues, if their benefices
and privileges were restored to them.
But it is principally with the effect produced by the change
of religion on the morals of the citizens of such a town as
Perth, and of the people of Scotland generally, that we have
to do in these remarks, and which the following selections
from the Kirk - Session Register strikingly illustrate. It
cannot be denied that the Reformation had no salutary
influence on public and private morality for "several generations.
Little comparatively is known of the condition of the Scottish
nation before that event, but whatever has been elicited
proves that the population was much more virtuous and
simple under the Papal Hierarchy than under the abstract
discussions and feuds in the General Assemblies. The sermons
of the leading preachers, who would be duly imitated by their
inferiors, were for the most part political, full of invective,
and personaUy abusive. If the numerous and severe Acts
passed by the Scottish Parliaments long after the Reformation
against the violators of chastity and good morals are to be
considered as affording an indication of the state of the
kingdom, the people must have become dreadfully corrupted
and depraved. The discipline of the new system accomplished
little to remedy the prevailing wretched immoralities. Mr
Scott is pleased to say, though it must be received as merely
his private opinion — " The great licentiousness practised in
the Popish times could not, in any considerable degree, be
cured till long after the Reformation. jMarriages were too
seldom contracted. The Popish notion of marriage being a
.sacrament could not all at once be banished from tlip mind.-i
of either ministers or people. It was called a Kirk-Benefit,

86 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
and was, therefore, not to be conferred on persons of every
character." Mr Scott gives extracts from the Kirk-Session
records, the dates in 1578, 1581, and 1591, to show that the
Minister and Elders of Perth would not allow any parties to
be married unless they evinced a certain degree of intelligence.
Now, witliout any discussion on the " popish doctrine" that
marriage is a sacrament, it is clear that this excessive rigour,
which was long practised throughout Scotland, of refusing
to allow persons to marry who were ignorant, or who were
considered to be so, must have been followed by the very worst
consequences to the morals of the people in an age when the
whole nation were scarcely half civilized. This charge of
ignorance v/as most convenient, as it could be applied at
pleasure to any individuals who had offended the Ministers
and Kirk-Sessions, and it cannot be denied that much of
the subsequent licentiousness and immorality of the people
were induced by this tyrannical procedure of refusing to
celebrate marriages except on certain conditions, which in
not a few cases were mere matters of opinion, and generally
could not at the time be fulfilled by the individuals concerned,
who had neither opportunity nor leisure to qualify themselves.
The absurd extremity to which Knox and his associates
carried this tyranny was extended to the Roman Catholics.
Their marriages were declared to be invalid if celebrated by
those of their own clergy who still lingered in the kingdom,
who were cited before the newly-constituted judicatories, and
denounced to the civil power. Even in the General Assemblies,
as recorded in the " Book of the Universal Kirk of Scotland,"
the most extraordinary debates were carried on respecting what
the zealous Mr Calderwood innocently terms " failings of the
flesh." 'Those discussions referred to those who shall " use
carnal copulation betwixt the promise and solemnization of
marriage," and to most offensively indehcate instances of ante
nuptial intercourse which occurred among the male adherents
of the new system, whom they allowed to escape censure by
marrying the females and " satisfying the Kirk." It was
this inquisitorial tyranny and domineering over the people on
every possible occasion, interfering with their recreations, and
taking impertinent cognizance of their domestic affairs, which

RELIGIOUS HOUSES AND CHAPELS. 87
induced multitudes of the peasantry to witness the suppression
of Presbyterianism without regret after the accession of James
VI. to the crown of England. Mr. Scott observes — " The
warmest friends of the Presbyterian form of church government
must allow that the indiscreet zeal of some particular church
judicatories, who aimed at supreme and universal dominion,
gave frequent and just offence to those who were in civil
offices, and provoked the overthrow of the Presbyterian
Church first in the year 1606, and next in 1661." This is in
unison with the representation of the state of Scotland during
the domination of the Covenanting Committee of the Kirk
after the commencement of the Civil War, and the temporary
ascendancy of the Solemn League. " Every parish," it is
forcibly observed, " had a tyrant, who made the greatest lord
in his district stoop to his authority. The kirk was the place
where he kept his court ; the pulpit his throne or tribunal
from whence he issued out his terrible decrees, and twelve or
fourteen sour ignorant enthusiasts, under the title of elders,
composed his council. If any, of what quality soever, had
the assurance to disobey his edicts, the dreadful sentence of
excommunication was immediately thimdered out against him,
his goods and chattels confiscated and seized, and he himself
being looked upon as actually in the possession of the devil,
and irretrievably doomed to eternal perdition, all that con
versed with him were in no better esteem."*
As no reason exists to conclude that the Scottish people were
more ignorant before than they were for generations after the
Reformation, and as every Presbyterian parochial register in
the kingdom abounds more or less with immoral cases, it is
evident that the preachers had no notion of the proper method
of improving the intellectual condition of the people, and that
the excessive sternness of decorum which the former continually
attempted to enforce by the terrors of punishment failed in
its object. In vain were fines, imprisonments, excommuni
cation, and banishment from particular towns, inflicted. The
same offences were continually committed, and very often by
the same individuals, who were occasionally not particularly
• Memoirs of Sir Ewen Cameron of Lochiel, printed for the Abbotsfokd
Club, 4to. Edin. 1842, p. 87, 88.

88 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
respectful when summoned before their local tribunals. This
contumacy of course increased the punishment, and it generally
happened that the dehnquents were eventually compelled to
submit, or make their peace on the best terms possible. At
the present day Kirk-Sessions have long lost their supremacy,
and any attempt to revive the penalties of former times would
be answered by an action of damages in a court of justice.
A clergyman of the Roman Catholic Church, or an adherent
of " Black Prelacy," is no longer an object of horror in
Scotland, and even Presbyterians can talk of the Pope without
the dread that his Hohness is meditating a dreadful crusade
against their General Assembly.
As it respects the ecclesiastical property which belonged to
the Religious Houses at Perth, it was soon appropriated in a
different manner from that intended by the donors. It is
stated that " after the Reformation, James VI. in 1569, with
the advice of the Regent Moray, founded by charter an
Hospital, to be called in all time coming King James' Hospital
of Perth."* This is something like the King's subsequent
claim to be considered the Founder of the University of
Edinburgh. At the date of the above transaction the King
was not tivo years old, and the idea of the Regent Moray
edifying his infantine Majesty with his advice, or consulting
him on the subject, is too preposterous to be supposed for a
moment. The whole property ofthe Religious Houses of Perth
seems either to have been usurped by individuals, or to have
fallen into abeyance, from the time of their destruction in May
1559 till 1587, when James VI. , who had then attained his
majority, confirmed the foundation of the Regent Moray, which
previously had his Majesty's mere nominal concurrence, by a
new charter, and both were legalized by an Act of the Scottish
Parliament held at Holyroodhouse on the 29th of July in the
above year. By those charters, the Act now mentioned, and
subsequent Acts of Parliament, the Minister and Kirk-Session
of Perth were constituted Governors of the Hospital, which
was established as a civil corporation in the name and on the
behalf of the " poor members of Jesus Christ residing and
New Statistical Aci-oimt of Scotland — rcrihshire, p. 67.

RELIGIOUS HOUSES AND CHAPELS. 89
abiding withm the burgh of Perth," with power to hold
" legal courts, with their dues and amerciaments, and to have
tenantries, and the service of free tenants." The Masters ofthe
Hospital, who were to be annually elected by the Governors,
were to produce their accounts to the said Governors and the
superintendents of the county, and also when required in the
Court of Exchequer. The Act of 1587 perpetually confirmed
a long Latin charter of infeftment appended to it — " To the
puir memberis of Jesus Christ now and in all tymes cuming
dwelland and resident within the burgh of Perth, of all and
sindrie lands, tenements, houssis, biggings, kirkis, kirkyairds,
chappellis, coUeges, yairdis, orchardis, croftis, annual rentis,
feu mailles, feu-farmis, pensiones, milnes, milne-landis, and the
sequelis, fischingis, fruictis, rentis, dewties, profittis, proventis,
emolumentis, fermis, canis, services, almossis, dailsilver, obitis,
aniversaries, and utheris quhatsumevir, quilkis onywayes
pertenit, or are knawin to pertene, to the Friers, to the Black
Freiris or Predicatouris, or to the Frieris Minoris, or Fran-
ciscanes, or to the White Friers, of the said burgh of Perth,
togidder with the yairdis, monasterie, or place of the Charter
house situate beside the samen burgh, and with aU and sindrie
utheris landis, houssis, tenemcntis, annual rentis, pensionis,
fructis, rentis, and dewties, lyand or upliftit within the
said burgh of Perth, fredome, territorie, suburbis, or parochin
of the samen, gevin, dotat, foundat, or usit to be payit to
quhatsumevir chaplainries, altares, altaregeis, monastereis,
places, colleges, kirkis, benefices, mortuaries, or anniversareis,
quhairever the samin are or ly within this Realme."*
Immediately after the charter was granted, the Minister
and Kirk-Session, as Managers of the Hospital, entered on
possession of the Black Friars', Charterhouse, and other lands ;
but the value of this splendid endowment was more apparent
than real, and the Hospital obtained a very limited share of
the ancient ecclesiastical property of Perth. Much of it had
been violently appropriated by communities and influential
individuals during the general scramble which succeeded the
outrages of 1559 ; and subsequently it was much diminished
" Acta Pari. Scot, folio, vol. iii. p. 500.

90 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
by aUeged mismanagement, and by the change in the value
of the current coin. The Town-Council, moreover, retained
iUegal possession for many years of property of considerable
value belonging to the Hospital. One of the immunities
granted by James VI. by charter was the sum of L.69 : 6 : 8
of annual burgage farm formerly paid to the Exchequer, and
for which the Town was to reckon yearly for the money ; but
the Corporation contrived to conceal the grant, and it was only
discovered accidentally by one of the Presbyterian incumbents
when perusing the Town's great charter in 1754. Legal
proceedings were instituted, and though the Town-Council
refused to pay, on the ground of prescription, the Court of
Session ordered them to produce in all time coming the sum of
L.69 : 6 : 8, and also to make count for thirty-nine years, with
certain deductions, to the amount of L.2377 : 12 : 8 sterling.
The Corporation of the " Fair City" seem from .the very first
to have had covetous propensities respecting the property of
the Hospital. A few years after the Minister and Kirk-Session
had obtained possession of the Black Friars' and Charterhouse
lands, in virtue of the act of 1587, the Magistrates and Town-
Council claimed a right to the management of the Hospital ;
and though they were resisted, they contrived to succeed in
1616 and 1617, when they appropriated to the use of the
Town the proceeds of the lands. Legal proceedings were
subsequently instituted against the Corporation for recovery of
the property, and for count and reckoning of bypast abstracted
rents. After a keen litigation for upwards of two years, during
which the case was carried to the House of Lords, that House
pronounced a final decree on the 25th of July 1758, enjoining
the Town-Council to cede the possession of the Black Friars',
Charterhouse, and other lands, to the Hospital Masters, and the
tenants to pay their rents in all time coming to the same.*
The Hospital was at first a temporary edifice, and in 1579
it was proposed to accommodate the inmates either in the
Grey Friars' or St Paul's Chapel. In 1596, the Kirk-Session
ordered the erection of a proper building at " Our Lady's
Chapel on the Shore," and this was the edifice demolished by
* New Statistical Account of Scotland — Perth, p. 109, 110.

RELIGIOUS HOUSES AND CHAPELS. 91
CromweU, when he appropriated otlier public buildings for
his citadel on the South Inch. In 1676, the Episcopal
incumbents of Perth reported to the Diocesan Presbytery —
" They had no Hospital, it having been pulled down by the
Englishers, and never yet rebuUt." The present Hospital
House, a large and commodious buUding, three storeys high,
finished in 1750, stands near the site of the Carthusian
Monastery. In 1837, the net income of the Hospital from
the old foundation was L.597 : 8 : 6, which supported sixty-one
poor persons.
This Hospital of King James VI. has preserved many of
the ancient records already noticed in the present volume. The
Canons enacted in the National CouncUs of the Scottish
Church, and which are said to have been deposited in the
Dominican Monastery at Perth, were destroyed or abstracted
at the Reformation ; but the chartulary of that Monastery,
in which one hundred and sixty-two charters were transcribed,
and the same number of loose charters or writs, are preserved :
also the Prior's Account-Book, or receipts of rents, from the
20th of June 1557 to the 6th of May 1559 ; twenty charters
which belonged to the Carmelites or White Friars, ninety-two
which belonged to the Carthusians, and two hundred and
seven which belonged to the Chapels and Altars.

E\)t JBemoUtiou of tlje iWonasterifS.

[The substance of the following narrative, it is stated by Mr Morison, in
his letter-press of the " Sketches of Scenes in Scotland, with Historical and
Descriptive Illustrations," by Sir William Keith Murray, Bart, of Ravelston
and Dunottar, was " obtained many years since from a lady, a descendant
of Principal TuUideph of St Andrews, one of whose ancestors had warmly
espoused the cause of the Reformers. Where her outline of his story has in
any case been filled, it has been by reference to Mr Row's MS., to the local
chronicles, and to history." It is only necessary to add that the narrative is
inserted here in the chronological order of events, on account of its rarity,
rather than as approving the animus which pervades its details.]

Q^^i ATE in the evening of a beautiful day at the close of
. A^P^- ^W^ 1559, a young man arrived at the Hospital of
) — ^-^-, Suggieden* bearing marks of long travel. He was
accommodated with a seat at the chimney corner, and to the
usual simple fare which was set before him by the attendant
monk he did ample justice. When his hunger was somewhat
appeased, he began to survey the apartment and its inmates.
It was one of those long, narrow, and rudely-finished rooms
common to the monkish hospitals or places of refreshment :
the fireplace occupied nearly one of the narrow ends, and a
long stone table with stone benches at either side of the fire,
with a few chairs of heavily carved oak, were its only furniture.
The attendant sat near the door. Three other monks had
occupied the bench on the other side of the five, but had
withdrawn to a greater distance on the entrance of the stranger.
They appeared engaged in earnest conversation, and the subject

¦* The Hospital of Suggieden stood on or near the site now occupied by the
mansion-house of Seggieden, which i.-i seen .among the trees on the east bank
ofthe river, nearly opposite the ruinous Nunnery iiud Castle of Elcho,

DEilOLlTIUN 01' illE .MONASTERIES. y'6
seemed to relate to the traveller, towards whom their eyes
were frequently directed. The distance from the fire at which
they sat prevented the skanger from examining their features
minutely, but it seemed to him as if the face of the monk who
sat between the others, and who was evidently imparting news
to his neighbours, was not unknown to him.
" You bear tokens of having travelled far to-day, young
man?" said one of the trio, who by his habit seemed to be
the master or superior. " I have walked across the greater
part of Fife since sunrise," replied the traveller, " intending
to have reached St Johnstown to-night ; but I fear I must
crave lodging of your bounty, for I feel exhausted and unable
to proceed farther. The boatman at the Ferry of the Loaf,*
who seemed to pity my halting, told me I was secure of your
hospitality.'' " The poor Brethren of St Augustine never
shut their door against the weary traveller," responded the
same monk, "and although our fare, according to the rule of
our order, be homely, thanks to the good Prioress of Elcho
over the water, and the good Knight of Kinfauns, the friend
of all true Catholics, it is seldom scant, and it is giveU as
freely as it is received. But, young man," added the monk,
while he laid his tablets and -writing materials on the table,
" these are troublous times, and we must render a faithful
account of all to whom the shelter of this roof is granted : to
whom shall I say it hath been extended this night?" " 1
knew not," said the youth, " that such was ever the custom
in merry Scotland. But I have no motives for concealment.
My name is Oliver TuUideph ; I come from St Andrews, and
am now so far on my way to visit certain friends in St
Johnstown." " Knewest thou that arch-heretic Wishart?"!
asked the other monk, whose features Oliver had been in vain
endeavouring to remember. At this moment the attendant
threw a fresh pUe of faggots on the fire, and a bright glare
was suddenly thrown over the gloomy apartment. A painful
* The Ferry of the Loaf, noticed in St Valentihe's Eve, or the Fair
Maid of Pertu, is about a mile down the river below Seggieden.
f [The name of George Wishart the " Martyr " seems to be most unneces
sarily introduced in this story. Wishart was incremated at St Andrew's on
the 1st of March 1545-6, upwards of thirteen years previous to the demolition
ofthe Religious Houses.]

94 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
expression of recognition passed over the features of the youth,
as he replied in bitter accents — " I was present at his — death."
The monk to whom he addressed himself rose, and was about
to reply, when his companions checked him. All three
resumed their seats, and again communed for some time in a
low voice. No farther notice was taken of Oliver, and he soon
retired to his pallet. In the course of the night he was awoke
by the monk who had taken no part in the interrogatories
of the preceding evening. " Stranger," he said, " you are
suspected and watched. Leave this place with the first streak
of dawn. Go not by the way of Kinfauns. The Charteris
Family were never friendly to the Huguenots. A path to the
left will conduct thee along Kinnoull to the Fair City. Be
circumspect there. You have friends, but you have also
many enemies."
Ere Oliver could reply, the monk vv'as gone. He did not
again sleep ; rose with the first indications of morning, with
grateful feelings towards his unknown friend ; took the path
to which he had been directed, and, ere the sun had risen,
found himself far above the place of his sojourn, among the
cliffs and crags of Kinnoull. The view from the spot he had
now attained was well calculated to arrest his attention.
Above him rose the stupendous cliffs of Kinnoull, with a
magnificence so rude and wild as almost to make him doubt
whether he could be so near the busy habitations and resort
of men, while beneath him lay stretched far the steep
declivity formed of the debris of the rocks, covered with furze,
now in full golden bloom, interspersed with clusters of the
sloe tree, which, laden with their white flowers, lay Uke
patches of snow along the broken declivity. At the bottom
of the valley the majestic Tay wound along, now skirting the
woods of Kinfauns, above which the towers of the Castle * rose
majestically, now winding around the walls of the Hospital of
Suggieden, reflecting from the opposite shore the spires and
towers of Elcho, now meeting the waters of the Earn and
* [This was the ancient Castle of Kinfauns, long removed, the seat of the
influential Family of C'harteris of Kinfauns. The present Castle of Kinfauns,
the seat of Lord Gray, was begun in 1822, from a design by Smirke, and was
erected by Francis fifteenth Lord Gray.]

DEMOLITION OF THE MONASTERIES. 95
widening into the broad frith, while they were lost to view
between the height of Norman Law and the broken and
wooded knolls of Inchyra. As Oliver stood contemplating
this splendid combination of all that constitutes beauty in a
landscape, enriched, as it then was, with the mellow light of
the rising sun, he was startled by the sound of loud cries
mingled with shouts and peals of laughter reverberating among
the rocks. It seemed to come from the westward, and in that
direction he cautiously bent his steps. On attaining one of
the abrupt projections of the rocks, where the whole extent
of the crags on both hands stood exposed to view, a singular
scene presented itself. At the opening of a dark but narrow
fissure in the rocks stood a figure fantastically dressed, and
adorned with garlands of flowers. Several young men and
women were clambering up the rocks towards the cavern,
while a knot of spectators stood below, whose shouts rent the
air, as occasionally some unlucky aspirant missed his or her
hold, slipped down again into the crowd, or, more unlucky
stiU, regained not their footing until they had toppled down
the steep bank beneath, which was formed of smaU stones too
recently dislodged from the parent rock to admit even of a
handful of furze or fern to break the fall of the unskilful.
Beyond this crowd a long hne of people in their holiday
attire, among which many religious habits were visible,
extended along by the foot of the cliff, until lost to -view within
a ravine, out of which the procession seemed still slowly
advancing. As Oliver drew near, he observed an elderly respectable
looking citizen standing aloof from the rest. To him he
advanced, and, after the usual salutations of the morning,
inquired what this concourse meant. " You are surely a
stranger in these parts," rephed his informant, " not to have
heard of the Festival of the Dragon on May morning ? " * "I
had heard of such a custom being observed at St Johnstown,
but knew not that a spot so wild and romantic had been
chosen for its celebration. I think it is said to have had
* [The Dragon Hole on' the front of Kinnoull HiU is prominently noticed,
and its May-Day frequenters are particularly denounced, in the following
extracts from the Perth Kirk-Session Registers.]

96 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
its origin in the rejoicings which were instituted after the
slaughter ofa dragon which long infested the neighbourhood?"
" And a dragon of no contemptible taste," rejoined the citizen,
" for the virgins he kept in durance here were remarkable for
beauty. Between ourselves, I suspect the true monster lived
on the Law below us, while the inhabitant of the rock was the"
offspring of the priests, who wished to cloak the misdemeanours
of their patron under the wing of this dragon. But the
mummeries to which the fable has given rise will soon, like
many others, be rooted out of the land." " I am surprised,"
remarked Oliver, " that you should so freely give expression
to such opinions. We who live within gunshot of the Cardinal's
Castle, or within reach of his many ears,* are obliged to keep
such sentiments within our own bosoms." " And such was
until of late the case," replied the citizen, " within the walls
of Perth. Many summers have not yet passed since these
eyes witnessed the execution of five men on the South Inch,
and the wife of one of them drowned for refusing to join in
intercession to the Saints. One of them, with his wife, had
been so bold as to interrupt a friar in his discourse when he
taught that there was no salvation vsdthout prayers to the
saints. Three of the men had manifested their dissent in a
still stronger manner: — they nailed two ram's horns to St
Francis' head, put a cow's rump to his tail, and ate a goose
on All-Hallow Even. The fifth, a simple fellow, was hanged
for keeping company with them, although it was proved that
he did not taste of the goose. The Cardinal and the Earl of
Arran enjoyed the execution from the windows of the Spy
Tower. But such cruelty would not now be tolerated — the
people would rise in a body. The clergy are aware of this,
and although it galls them to the quick to hear the open
manner in which the citizens talk, they dare not testify their
displeasure otherwise than in their discourses, where they do
lash us, it must be confessed, pretty freely." "Alas!" said
the youth, " it was about the same time I was forced not only
to witness but to aid in the cruel death inflicted on one of
* [This is another allusion as unnecessary as is the introducing of George
Wi.shart into the story. Cardinal Beaton had fallen by the hands of base
a.s.saasins upwards of thirteen years previously.]

DEMOLITION OF THE MONASTERIES. 97
my own kinsmen under the windows of the Cardinal's Castle.
The tortures inflicted on the unhappy people you mention
were merciful compared to those which Wishart suffered."
" Was Wishart, then, your kinsman ?" interrupted the citizen.
" He was my mother's brother," repUed OUver. " What !" said
the old man, " are you Robert TuUideph's son?" " The same."
" Then you must have heard of his school companion, George
Johnston?" " I bear a letter to him," he replied. " I rejoice
to see you," said the old man, holding out his hand ; " next
to Robin himself, there is no one whom I could welcome more
heartily to my roof. Come, let us leave these mummers ; I but
came out in my capacity of BaUie to see that no bruilzie arose,
and as they all seem peaceably disposed I may leave them to
their daffin'." So saying, the old man conducted Oliver by a
winding path which gradually led them to the western shoulder
of the hUl. " There," he cried, as he attained the summit a
few paces in advance of his young friend, " there stands the
Fair City, and I think you wiU say she deserves the name."
Oliver's exclamations of surprise and pleasure when he came
'within sight of it seemed greatly to gratify his guide, to whose
garrulous mood it gave additional impetus. " Aye, there she
reposes, calm and serene, betraying none of those warring
passions and factious throes which are secretly agitating her
bosom. What a pity it is, my young friend, that these proud
priests, who have decked her out so finely, will not read the
signs of the times, and cease to fan the flame of civU discord
by the intemperance of their harangues ! The rehgious
communities with which Perth is surrounded are tearing
asunder the bonds which erst united her citizens together,
and these gorgeous buUdings you now admire are become
the pest-houses from which evils innumerable are creeping-
out upon the land. Yet there are not wanting moderate
men among them, who would willingly allow us liberty
of conscience if the more bigoted would but listen to them.
The Warden, now, of the Franciscan Observantine or Grey
Friars' Monastery — that building you see nearest us outside
the walls — is well known to be the secret favourer of the new
doctrines. There are but eight of them in that huge house —
good canty feUows all of them ; known, too, privately to keep
7

98 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
an exceUent table, and wiUing to let all the world alone so
that they are not disturbed at dinner time. But then they are
in constant dread of the firebrands in that princely building
you see on the same side of the town farther to the west, who
can write although their rules forbid them to speak. Austere
fellows they are, these Carthusians, and pride themselves not
a little on this their only establishment in Scotland, and on
the odour they and it are in with the Queen Regent. But
for all their austerity, there are queer stories told of them and
the nuns in the Convents of St Leonard and the Magdalene,
both of which are a short distance to the southward ; they
are hid from us just now by these trees on the left. Certain
jolly skippers, too, from the coast, from whom I sometimes
get a keg of Nantz under cover of a few oysters or haddocks,
and who take my gloves and other leather articles of dress to
Dundee, vnnk and glance knowingly towards this " Monas
terium Vallis Virtutis," as the monks call it, while they hint
about the many good and ghostly customers they have in
Perth. Then there are these Dominicans : beggars they
profess themselves, like the Franciscans, and sturdy ones they
are. See how comfortably they have set themselves down in
that palace you see without the walls, on the north side of
the town, just over the Castle there. Ah ! these Black
Friars are your men for the pulpit ! If you want a good easy
confessor, go to the chapels of St Paul or St Katherine you
see peering above the trees on the west side of the town,
and there find one of the Carmelites, or White Friars, from
Tulhlum, a Monastery stUl farther to the west, hid from us
by the wood ; but if you want a discourse that will keep you
quaking for a week, go to the church of the Dominicans.
And weU worthy, let me teU you, it is of a visit : such haUs,
such aisles, such vnndows! — the gardens too, and the Gilten
Arbour ! No wonder our monarchs forsook that old gloomy
palace you see at the end of the bridge, for the sweet arbours
and soft beds of the Black Friars, although James the First
of blessed memory found it anything but secure. But come,"
added the good-humoured old man, " I forget that neither of
us have broken our fast this morning yet. Let us be moving
onwards, and as we descend the hill I shall try to make you

DEMOLITION OF THE MONASTERIES. 99
acquainted with others of these stately edifices, which you
will, I hope, take many days to examine and note. There,
now, where wUl you find in Scotland, letting alone your
Cathedrals, a more graceful fabric than the Church of St
John, towering above all the other buildings in the very centre
of the town ? It is well worthy of being dedicated to our
tutelar Apostle, although, in truth, so many altars have been
reared within it to other Saints, that our great patron has
scarcely been left a niche he can call his own ; as if there
were not chapels enough in the town beside. There you have
the Chapel of the Virgin close by the end of the Bridge, where
no traveUer, however wearied, omits in passing to put up his
Ave. Our own Craft have a chapel dedicated to St Bartholomew,
whose flaying ahve, strange enough, finds more sympathy
among those who live by flaying than among any other craft.
It is hid from us by the Castle walls, and there the bell which
warns the inhabitants to go to bed betimes is hung. St Anne,
the mother of the Virgin, is honoured under these pinnacles
you observe near the Church of St John. The school-house
is just at hand, and in the sanctuary of this patroness of
instructors the little urchins are taught to mumble their
Paternosters, and receive a weekly lecture from some of the
Friars appointed by the patrons. To the west, again, besides
the Chapels of St Paul and St Katherine already pointed out
to you, outside the walls there is a Chapel of the Cross or
Holyrood at the South-west Port, the resort of those who
have heavy consciences and Ught purses. Nearer us, and not
far distant from the Chartrieux or Carthusian Monastery, you
may observe a building with a spire in the form of a crown :
that is the Chapel of Loretto — like its prototype in Italy,
famed for its riches, and for having come through the air
from the Holy Land, at the intercession of all the Friars in
the town ; * and a capital speculation they have made of it, for
who can expect to have an Ora or an Ave put up for him in
a place so far travelled without paying handsomely for it?
Some of the populace have long had their eye on the gold
* [This is a most gratuitous and absurd statement. The Chapel of Loretto
at Perth was a very humble edifice, and no miraculous power was ever
ascribed to it.]

1 00 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
and silver whcli is lying useless there. — But I tire you with
my gossip. We shall soon be at the Bridge. Ah ! there it is
among the trees — a stately fabric, is it not, -with its towers and
minarets? Dreadful was the conffict which was -witnessed
there in the time of the late persecution, when the troops
commanded by Lord Ruthven, and the soldiers brought from
Dundee by Lord Gray, disputed that entrance to the town.
Many a stout fellow who escaped the steel and the lead that
day found a watery grave, when the parapet yielded to the
press of the multitude. Those towers you see flanking the
Bridge at the Town Gate are perhaps the strongest and most
defensible of any around the walls. The North Gate near
the Castle is scarcely inferior, and the Spy Tower, near the
Grey Friars' Monastery on the south, is higher and more
capacious, being often used as a prison ; but the Bridge Gate
is considered by men of skill in such matters a masterpiece
of its kind."
They were now within the city, and were ere long comfortably
set in the Baihe's house in the Skinnergate, rewarding the
appetite which their morning walk had given them with a cold
pasty and a stoup of claret. The Bailie's family consisted of
his wife, a daughter and a son, the latter a shrewd lad of
sixteen. Oliver soon found himself at home amongst them,
and spent some days in surveying more closely the numerous
and interesting buildings of which the BaiUe had given him a
sketch from the Hill of Kinnoull.
One evening, while discussing around the hearth those
subjects which were then all-engrossing, the glover's son was
observed to take no part in the conversation, and to be in
a mood unusually thoughtful and reserved. " What is the
matter, William ? " said his father ; "I have not often seen
you so studious." After some little hesitation the lad confessed
that a circumstance which had happened to him in the school
that day was likely to bring him into trouble. He stated, that
on the preceding Sabbath the boys of the Grammar-School, to
the number of three hundred, had been assembled in the Chapel
of St Anne to listen to the discourse of a Friar from the
Dominican Monastery. Towards the conclusion of his sermon
the Father narrated some of the many miracles which the

DEMOLITION OF THE MONASTERIES. 101
brethren of his Order had performed. Many of his narratives
were too absurd even for the schoolboys, and a hiss, once
begun by the most forward, soon found a ready echo among
the juvenUe assembly. The Friar stormed and fumed, threatened
them with the rod and the displeasure of the Church, but
the juvenile reformers were not to be intimidated ; they took
up the stools and forms, and chased the Friar out into the School
Vennel. A stranger monk, who was to preach to them next
Sabbath, went and demanded the protection of the civil power.
Mr Adamson, the Dean of Guild, ancestor of the local poet
of that name, to whom he appUed, advised him to let the
subject of miracles alone, and confine himself to facts. En
raged at this reception, the monk waited on Mr Symson the
teacher, a rigid CathoUc, and obtained his promise that he
would find out the ringleaders and give them such wholesome
arguments a posteriori as would convince them of the miracu
lous power of the Church. He had that day made inquiry,
and WilUam Johnston had confessed the early part he took
in the offensive proceedings. " He was preparing to flog me,"
added WiUiam, " when I took out Davie Lindsay's little book,
which you, father, gave me some time since. I told him that
was the book which showed me the folly of the Friars' stories,
and that if he did not laugh when he read it, I would submit
to double punishment. It is the fear of your displeasure,
father, for what I have done, which distresses me." " Bravely
done!" said Oliver. " Rather rashly done, however," added
his father, " but it was right of you, William, to tell the
truth : we must now abide the result." To the no small
surprise and pride of the Baihe he was waited upon privately,
a few days afterwards, by Mr Symson, who, teUing him of his
son's conduct, with many expressions of encomium which
brought the tears into the old man's eyes, added — " I have
read the book, and I cannot gainsay it. The teacher stands
reproved by the scholars. I shall interpose between them and
the irritated monks." Such was one of the many indications
which were then given of the rapid progress which the new
doctrines were making among disciples of all ages.
At this eventful crisis John Knox arrived in Perth on
Wednesday the 10th of May 1559. The following day (a day

102 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
of weekly commemoration in Perth ever since), Oliver, along
with Bailie Johnston, joined the crowds who flocked to the
Church of St John to hear the sermon which the great
advocate of Reform doctrines was expected to deliver. That
spacious building, not shorn as now of its fair proportions,
nor cut down into separate apartments, nor choked with
galleries, but forming one simple and majestic temple, was,
long ere the speaker appeared, thronged in every part, save in
those divisions of the aisles which were set ajiart for the altars
and shrines of the several Saints, to whose service the wealth
of not a few substantial burghers and powerful barons had
at various times been dedicated. Within these little sanctuaries
many a churchman now stood, looking -with no benignant eye
on the crowds who occupied the steps or pressed irreverently
against the balustrades, which they until now were wont to
approach with bended knee. At the east end, on the steps
ascending to the High Altar of St John, the loftiest of the
shrines, Ohver and the Bailie had found a place from whence
they obtained a full view of the interesting scene. On either
hand the middle walls rose to a great height, supported on
ranges of massive pillars terminating in high pointed arches.
Unlike the more richly-decorated cathedrals of the South, no
groins or transverse arches broke in upon the long central
hall, save where the arches on which the tower rested swept
across between the transepts. The simplicity of this arrange
ment gave great effect to the upper lights from the long ranges
of narrow Saxon casements which run along the walls above
the arches, and brought out in bold relief the rich ornaments
of the heavily carved and gilded ceiling. The hour was early,
and the beams of the sun fell slantingly through the eastern
and southern windows, producing an alternation of lights and
shadows which added greatly to the picturesque effect and
apparent extent of the building, lighting up with varied and
brilliant hues the choir in which they stood, and throwing
gradually into shade the receding arches, which being actually
lower and narrower at the more distant and more ancient part
of the " Kirk of the Holy Cross- of St John," beyond the
tower to the west, gave an appearance of almost unlimited
perspective in that direction.

DEMOLITION OF THE MONASTERIES. 103
From this imposing sight, rendered doubly interesting by
the dense congregation and the cause which had brought
them together, OUver's attention was ¦withdravra by what was
passing within the pale of the altar near him. A number of
the priests stood in a hne ui front, clothed in their most
gorgeous vestments, as if to overawe the multitude by the
splendour with which the altar and its attendants were adorned.
But they looked in vain for the homage of the once subservient
crowd. A few among those nearest the pageant doffed their
bonnets, but none, even of the men who under other circum
stances might stiU have bowed the knee, now ventured to
render any marks of external worship ; there was that in the
aspect and bearing of the multitude which made even the
proud priests quail before it. One eye alone was firm, one
breast unmoved. " See," whispered Oliver to his friend as
he directed his attention to the tall figure of a monk who
stood close by the altar, " observe that man standing by the
altar : while every lip quivers and every cheek around him is
pale, he alone is as insensible to fear as I know him to be to
pity. I need scarcely tell you that that is Aubrey — he who
was not content with mocking the sufferings of my kinsmen,
but compeUed his friends to witness them — he whom I met
again at Suggieden. I have learned since I came here that he
has been sent to try what effect his well known inflexibility
and eloquence may have in stemming the tide of popular dis
content ; and were it not that I see equal determination and
firmness written on the brows of aU around me, I should fear
rfiuch from the talents and craft of that man. See, something
is in agitation amongst them : they gather round him and
consult. They are preparing to celebrate mass 1" Although
this was addressed to Johnston in a low voice, the purport
of it seemed to have been overheard by some of their neigh
bours, whose attention was thus directed to the group near
the altar, and a low murmur began to circle round them, at
tended by some agitation. " For goodness' sake, my friends,"
said the Bailie in a low tone to those near him, " be quiet,
be silent! — they cannot be so mad as to attempt it. Do be
quiet! Oliver, I entreat, be calm!" he added, as he saw the
blood mantling to the young man's cheek. But this was

104 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
called up by a cause different from what the BaUie surmised,
who stood with his back to the treUis work as he addressed
his to-wnsmen, and did not observe that Aubrey had approached
them. " Rash boy," said the monk, in a tone so hoUow as to
be heard only by the person whom he addressed, " I thought
thou hadst already tasted too deeply of the cup which the
Church puts into the hands of her enemies again to seek the
chahce. By that Divine Apostle, the steps of whose altar are
now profaned by thee and the contumacious rabble whom thou
seekest to excite, the tortures of thy kinsman shall be forgotten
in the pangs which await thee, the recital of which shall
make the ears of every one that heareth tingle ! Be not
deceived with the hope that because the Church this day
vouchsafes a hearing to one of her apostate sons ere she cast
him off for ever, that she will abate aught of her heavenly
attributes, or that she will yield one iota of that power which
is delegated to her from on High — that power which will be
as fierce in the day of vengeance as it is now placable and
mUd in the last hour of long suffering." At this moment a
noise and movement in the crowd between the gate and the
pulpit which stood at the west end of the choir, marked the
entrance of Knox and his friends.
The movement in the crowd which called away the attention
of Oliver TuUideph and his friends from the proceedings of
the Monks, was occasioned by the entrance of John Knox,
accompanied by some of the leaders of the Congregation. A
passage was opened up for them between the north door at
which they entered and the small pulpit opposite, which was
placed against one of the centre pillars supporting the tower.
The Earl of Argyll, and Stewart, the Prior of St Andrews,
withdrew to one of the aisles ; Erskine of Dun, Ogilvie of
Invercarity, and Scott of Abbotshall, advanced with Knox to
the foot of the pulpit stair, where room was made for them on
one of the few narrow benches around, generally reserved for
the elders of the people. The hght which streamed in from
the east window of the transept fell on the aged reformer as
he ascended the pulpit, and rendered every feature of his
care-worn countenance distinctly visible where Oliver stood.
The glare of the light probably incommoded him, for his

DEMOLITION OF THE MONASTERIES. 105
manner at first appeared confused and hesitating ; and when,
with a voice naturally weak, and a frame nervous and unsteady,
he began to address the yet restless crowd, Oliver wondered
how fame could have so extoUed the merits of the preacher,
or how his addresses could have produced the effect which had
been ascribed to them. But as he proceeded to lay open the
defections of the Church — as he contrasted the luxury and
splendour in which she now appeared with the simplicity and
poverty of her youth, his whole frame seemed to undergo a
change, and strength and animation took the place of debility
and doubt.
With the energy of the preacher the attention of the
assembly awoke : every eye was fixed upon him, and his every
word seemed to find its way to their bosoms, caUing up the
most marked expressions of enthusiasm and approbation on
the great mass of the crowd, and of stern defiance among the
priests, whom the fervour of his address brought by degrees
out of the lateral recesses, and who were now seen peering
from among the protecting balustrades.
From contrasting the present -with the past state of the
Church, he proceeded to hurl against her the subhme de
nunciations of the Old Testament Prophets against ancient
Babylon, confirming them with the anathemas against her
spiritual antetype from the Revelation ; and as he quoted the
passage in which an angel is represented as casting down a
great mUlstone, and pronouncing — " Thus with violence shall
Babylon be thrown down," the pulpit seemed to yield under
the almost frantic energy with which he was agitated. Had
he ceased at that moment, the enthusiastic feelings of the
auditory were so wound up that nothing could have withheld
them from executing hterally on the monuments around them
the predictions of the Prophets. But, gradually subsiding
from this enthusiastic tone, he addressed himself to the more
sober judgment of his hearers, painted in forcible language
the ultimate consequences of perseverance in error to them
selves individually as well as to the nation, and closed by
exhorting them to put away the unclean thing from among
them, but to do it with meekness, and to temper mercy with
judgment. So rapt were the audience, that Knox withdrew

106 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
from the church along vrith the attendant Lords almost un
observed, and for some time afterwards the people stood as
if expecting the preacher again to appear amongst them.
During the discourse OUver and his friend kept their places
on the steps of the great altar. The young man was deeply
interested in aU he saw and heard, and for a time forgot that
he was so near his arch-enemy ; but as Knox concluded, he
remembered Aubrey, and turned aside to see the effect of the
address on one who had hitherto resisted and scorned every
appeal. If that stern priest had been among the listeners he
had now withdrawn, nor could Oliver recognise him among
the monks who, vrithin the shrine, were evidently resuming
the rites which the sermon had interrupted. " Infatuated
fools ! " said Ohver to his friend, " they rush headlong on
destruction ! See, they persist in their frantic design ! " This
was said sufficiently loud to be overheard by the byestanders,
whose eyes were now directed to the shrine. In front of a
low altar, surmounted by an ebony crucifix on which a figure
of the Saviour was most exquisitely carved in ivory, several
priests in their officiating vestments kneeled. The tapers were
lit ; and as they began a chant, which was responded to by
voices in the opposite aisle, a curtain behind the crucifix slowly
rose, disclosing a painting representing the martyrdom of St
Bartholomew. The scene was imposing, and had the intended
effect on a few of the crowd, who instinctively did reverence.
In vain Johnston attempted to keep back his companion.
Oliver rushed towards the raihng and exclaimed — " Down with
the profane mummery ! " at the very instant of the elevation
of the Host. " Blasphemer ! " responded a well known voice,
and Oliver was at the same moment struck to the ground. It
was the application of the spark to the mine. Simultaneously
the crowd in the choir rushed towards the shrine of St
Bartholomew, the balustrades gave way before them, and
ere the priests could arise from their prostrate attitude, they
were trampled under foot, the altar overthrown, the picture
torn from the waU, and all the rich ornaments vsTenched
from their places and demolished. The example thus set
spread : the other niches shared the same fate ; and " within
one hour, the great riches " of the once beautiful church of
St John were " come to nought."

DEMOLITION OF THE MONASTERIES. 107
The blow which felled Oliver had been inflicted by a staff
or other lethal weapon, and he lay for some time nearly
insensible, whUe the crowd passed over him. When Johnston
at last extricated him, he, to the entreaties that he should
go home, professed himself quite recovered and desirous
to see the issue. " To say the truth," the BaUie repUed,
" although I would not vrish you to exert yourself beyond
your strength, I should myself like to see the result of this.
I am afraid the fury of the populace, once roused, wUl not be
aUayed while a monument of what they now caU idolatry is
left. I do not grudge these arrogant priests being reminded
that they are men and not gods, but I do lament much that
they cannot be taught this without the destruction of so much
that was ornamental to the land and to our good town in
particular." With these words he led the way out of the
church, now empty and desolate, saving a few straggling
priests, who, pale and dismayed, were skulking in the most
retired corners. Following the track and buzz of the crowd,
they passed south by the Chapel of St Anne, now despoiled
like her more majestic brother — the windows broken and
the tables of the school-room shattered and lying about in the
yard, the boys themselves having gladly availed themselves
of the opportunity to escape, and to lend their assistance in
repaying to their taskmasters the monks some of the correction
which had been, as they thought, so unsparingly dealt out to
them. The noise was now in the direction of the Grey Friars'
Monastery ; but when they reached the South or Spy Tower
they saw enough to convince them that interference there
was too late, the clouds of dust from the crumbling walls
indicating too distinctly the near completion of the work of
destruction. In a few minutes the multitude began to move
in a dense body along the Spy-ground, or glacis in front of
the tower, where the Bailie and Oliver stood. " Alas ! " said
the former, " they go to the Chartrieux, that princely, that
gorgeous edifice — the glory of Scotland — the pride of
Perth ! The Queen will go mad ! Something must be done :
surely their hands may be stayed." As he thus ejaculated he
bustled through the stupendous south gate, rushed among the

108 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
leaders of the people — entreated, scolded, supphcated, and
threatened. As well might he have spoken to the waves of
the ocean when they rise and are troubled. Onward the
crowd went, and the two friends were carried along by the
current. At the Chartrieux, or Charterhouse, a pause took
place. The gates were fastened from within. " Come out,
ye men ofBehal, ye slaves of Jezebel ! " shouted the infuriated
mob. But no voice responded from the Monastery, where
all seemed still as death. " The Cross ! the Cross ! " cried
a voice from among the crowd; and immediately a party
debouched towards a large wooden cross which stood outside
the walls near the west gate. It was torn up, and carried to
the gate of the Monastery, which soon yielded to the blows
with which it was assailed. Here Oliver, separated from his
companion, was hurried into the building along with the
leaders of the mob. Every hall was empty, and the choicest
pictures removed — not a monk was to be seen. WhUe the
populace were demolishing the few articles of furniture which
remained, Oliver observed a part of the wainscotting open
gently, and rapidly close again. Pointing this out to some of
his companions, they without difficulty detected the concealed
door, forced it open, and descending a narrow flight of
steps found themselves in a large dimly-lighted vault, on the
floor of which, amidst a profusion of shells, and other relics
of viands more dainty than the rules of the Order exactly
warranted, the costly gear of the Monastery was lying in
heaps. The monks assembled there at first offered resistance,
which from the narrowness of the entrance might easily have
been made effectual ; but on being reminded that if the part
of the building above them were pulled down they must
inevitably perish amidst the ruins, they came to terms with
their invaders. Through their representations, the conservatory
immediately above the vault, with its far-famed gateway, was,
of all the monastic buildings in Perth, alone saved ; and to
the timely caution of the Observantine Brethren Perth owed
the preservation of that beautiful gateway, which was removed
to, and was long deemed the chief ornament of, St John's
Church. Oliver, satisfied with having been instrumental in saving

DEMOLITION OF THE MONASTERIES. 109
one fragment of the finest building in Scotland, and little
dreaming that the successor of his friend Johnston in the
civic chair would in less than a century join in ordering the
demolition of that sohtary memorial of departed greatness,*
now directed his steps homeward, and as he passed down the
South Street, met a party of the destructives emerging from
an arched way leading to the Chapel of the Holy Rood.
Having wreaked their vengeance on that secluded sanctuary,
they were now proceeding to the Chapel of Loretto in the
neighbourhood, which speedily shared the same fate. Just
cause as he had to hate the monks, his heart sickened at these
endless scenes of wanton mischief, and he hastened to leave
them, and to seek the quiet of his own chamber. Finding his
direct road to Johnston's obstructed by the crowds which
the alarum bell had called together, he took a more circuitous
route by the Watergate, which was in a state of comparative
calm. On leaving it, and turning down the High Street in
order to reach the northern side of the town by the boulevard
stretching from the Bridge within the city waUs, he had to
pass the small Chapel of the Virgin adjoining the Bridge
Gate. He stood a moment to admire it, and to lament that
an object so unobtrusive, yet so beautiful, was not likely to
escape the ruthless hand of the reformers. The architecture
was Saxon, with a mixture of the style of a later date, the
most prominent part of which was a tower | in the style of
architecture ascribed to Cochran, the favourite of Robert III.
Curiosity prompted him to step within the threshold. In the
smaU but tastefuUy ornamented oratory several nuns were in
the attitude of prayer before the altar. He remained only to
cast a hurried glance around, but during that short interval
the door at which he entered had been shut. WhUe endea
vouring with no small impatience to undo the bolt, he was
suddenly laid hold of, gagged, Ufted up in the arms of two
monks, and, accompanied by a number more of the same order,
* Towards the conclusion of the eighteenth century, this beautiful gate,
which then omamented St John's Church, was demolished by an edict of the
Magistrates. t The lower part of this tower stiU remains. The spire on it is modern.
There are other parts of this Chapel still standing.

110 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
hurried out of the oratory at a low narrow door, and through
a long dark passage, on emerging from which he found him
self in the Lady Walk near the Bridge. A wicket adjoining
the large gate was opened to them through which they
hastened, and, mounting some horses apparently awaiting
them on the bridge, rode off at a brisk trot, with Oliver, now
released from his oral bondage, but -with his hands tied,
mounted behind one of the monks. At a rate very inconve
nient to one in Oliver's situation they ascended the HiU of
Kinnoull by a circuitous path among the trees, the foliage of
which was so impervious that all view of the valley below
was shut out, until near the summit of the shoulder of the
HUl round which the road wound. At a projecting point of
the road there they came suddenly within view of the valley,
when the party halted. Even at that distance the desolations
which a few short hours had vsrought on the Fair City were
but too erident. Of all the stately buildings which OUver
had so recently been called upon to admire, St John's alone
remained; shapeless masses of ruins now filled up, on the
south and west, the spaces which the day before shone ¦with
pinnacles and spires ; while, to the northward of the waUs,
volumes of smoke darkening the air attested too fatally that
the royal halls of the Dominicans had not escaped the wreck
and ruin of that dread day.
The party to which our traveller was unvrillingly attached
surveyed the scene in silence, but their cowls were too closely
drawn around their faces to enable Oliver to scan the emotions
with which they contemplated it. Turning from it, and
plunging again into the wood, they soon surmounted the
highest point of the ridge, and began to descend towards a
building the lofty towers of which rose between them and the
broad expanse of the Frith of Tay. The scene had too recently
drawn forth Oliver's admiration not to be instantly recognised
by him. He had seen it the previous morning partially
obscured by the early mists : it now lay under a cloudless
sky, deeply tinted by the setting sun, which imparted a striking
depth and breadth to the shadows of the surrounding hills,
and to the long lines of trees and hedgerows intersecting the
broad and luxuriant Carse of Gowrie. Not a breath of air

DEMOLITION OF THE MONASTERIES. Ill
moved the leaves of the trees which formed the dark rich
foreground, or rippled the surface of the wide bosom of the
waters. The rooks were wending their way silently towards
Stratheam, and the hawk, heedless of his prey, sought his
eyry in the grey cliff. Such were the sweetness and repose of
the scene, that, but for the noise of the horses and his uneasy
seat, Oliver could almost have forgotten that he was a prisoner.
As they approached the Castle, however, the stillness was
broken by shouts of revelry from within its waUs. Suddenly
the noise of mirth ceased, and the party had entered the court,
and were at the threshold without either groom or servants
appearing. The monk to whom the prisoner was bound
halted under the great oriel window, so that Oliver was soon
able to discern the cause of the stillness. At the head of a
long table, thronged with the fair and the gay, sat Sir John
Charteris, the Lord of Kinfauns. Near him an aged minstrel
bent over his harp, which he gently touched at brief intervals,
as if to allow time for the attendants to arrange themselves
around the lower part of the hall, into which they had
hastened when the first note of his prelude was heard ; for
often as the minstrel had sung within those walls the exploits
of LongueviUe and Wallace, the subject was associated with
so many feelings gratifying alike to their pride and patriotism
as always to seem new. On a velvet cushion beside the
minstrel was laid a large double-handed sword, while above
him a banner waved, on which the arms of the Protector of
Scotland were coupled with those of the Lord of Kinfauns.
GraduaUy changing his hesitating note to one of warlike
accent, and again subsiding to a more mournful key, the
aged man thus mingled the accents of a full though tremulous
voice with the music of his harp.

Ci^e MinstxeVs Sons-
Husn'n, husli'd be tlie sounds of the wassail and laughter !
The smile of the maiden to sadness be changed !
For the proud hearts of Scotland are called to the slaughter,
The foemen are now on the battle-field ranged.

112 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
But where is the Uon-heart foremost in danger,
The patriot who stemmed the usurper's career? —
Alas ! o'er the wide sea he wanders a stranger,
An alien from home and from all he holds dear !
See ! see that proud galley o'er mountain-waves bounding !
The pirate's black pennon is seen through the blast : —
Hear ! hear how the clang of the conflict is sounding !
And the colours of Scotland are nailed to the mast !
He yields to the prowess of Scotland's Protector !
De Longueville's pennon is torn from its crest !
But the arm is outstretched of the valiant victor —
He takes him, an ally and friend, to his breast 1
See ! see th«n returning, companions in danger !
The waUs of Kinfauns echo welcome again ! —
Alas ! he returns to be sold to the stranger,
A dungeon his kingdom — his empire a chain !
This sword, of his friendship the pledge, be the token
That Scotsmen are firm, and their country is free ! —
Till the spirit of Gray and of Charteris be broken,
]VIemorial of Wallace, we gather round thee !
Ere the customary plaudits had subsided, the person who
seemed to act as the leader of the monks had entered the hall,
and as he passed up towards the dais, OUver's suspicions of
having fallen into the power of Aubrey were confirmed. In
brief space the monk told his disastrous tale to the Knight,
who hastily communicating it to his guests, the whole party
were instantly in the court-yard in quest of their steeds.
More than once, during their ffight from Perth, Oliver had
endeavoured in vain to draw the monk who guarded him
into conversation, and he now again attempted to get from
him some information respecting the intentions of the party,
entreating, on account of the weakness and fatigue he laboured
under, to be left, even in confinement, at Kinfauns. Still no
answer was returned, and when the Knight and his companions
set forth, the monks with their prisoner accompanied them.
They took the same path over the hill which Oliver had
already travelled ; then, keeping more to the right, crossed

DEMOLITION OF THE MONASTERIES. 113
the Tay above Scone, and, ere morning dawned, had joined
the forces of the Queen Regent at Auchterarder.*
Oliver was strictly examined respecting the views of the
Reform party, but although it was erident to his examinators
that he really was possessed of no information beyond what
they themselves knew, stUI he was kept a prisoner ; and, on
the plea of his having been principally accessory to the rising
of the people, was in that capacity taken publicly into Perth,
when the town, under pretence of moderation, was occupied by
the Queen's party. Johnston interested himself greatly in
his behalf; but the Magistracy was now changed, and so far
from acting according to their professed principles, the High-
Church party f exercised the utmost hauteur and even cruelty
towards the inhabitants, the soldiers wantonly shooting at
them on the streets ¦without calling forth a reprimand from
their superiors. | All that Johnston could obtain was the
promise of an open trial for his young friend, who in the
mean time was conveyed to Scone, where he was kept in close
confinement. One night he was roused from his uneasy couch, and
conducted to a different building from that in which he was
incarcerated. .There, passing under a lofty gateway, and
through a hall studded with escutcheons not merely of nobility
but of royalty, he was led into a long cloister or gallery, at
the upper end of which, on a bench surmounted by the usual
funereal emblems of the inquisition, Aubrey and others of his
brethren sat. The scene was one calculated to strike terror
into stronger minds than Oliver's, worn out as his body now
was with the unwholesome air and food of his cell. Along
each side of the long gallery were ranged attendants clothed
* [Auchterarder is fourteen miles from Perth, on one of the roads to
Stiriing.] f [This is an absurd designation. No High- Church party, so called,
existed at that time.]
X [This occupation of Perth by the Queen Regent's party, and the firing on
the citizens, are inventions which have no foundation in truth. The Queen
Regent was then in Fife, not at Auchterarder, and she was compelled to
negotiate a truce with the insurgents, who themselves returned to Perth,
where they concerted their future operations, and it was decided that all the
cathedrals and religious houses in the kingdom should be demolished.]

114 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
in black, each holding a torch which threw a lurid and
imearthly glare through what seemed an almost interminable
cavern, while their flickering flame gave the semblance of life
and motion to the strange, uncouth, and fantastic figures
pourtrayed on the ceUing. The mockery of trial was scarcely
attempted ; no witnesses were examined ; and Oliver, aware
of his fate, and worn out in body and mind, gave no answer
to the interrogatories put to him. His execution was ordered
for the foUowing evening, and in the meantime the tender
mercy of the Church was to be shown in employing the
remainder of the night in endeavouring to reclaim him from
his heretical state of perdition. For this purpose he was
again led across the yard in which he was to suffer, to the
gorgeous chapel annexed to the Abbey, where he spent the
night amidst a scene and ceremonies which, under any other
circumstances, would have excited his admiration by their
gloomy splendour.
Next day, when his attendant brought his usual scanty
supply of food, and had not yet left his apartment, he was
startled by a footstep which he thought he could recognise,
on the outer stair leading to his cell, and was confirmed in his
expectations by hearing his name softly called in Johnston's
well known voice. The attendant instantly turned round, and
with savage rage thrust his sword through the narrow space
between the door and the threshold. A groan, and the faU of
a heavy body to the ground, indicated that his aim had been
too true, and that Johnston had fallen from the unprotected
platform to a great depth.
When the attendant retired, the noise of voices in altercation
was heard for a few minutes, and then all was still. But the
quietness lasted not above an hour. The news of the injury
inflicted on Johnston spread rapidly to Perth, and the sight
of their respected citizen bleeding, and apparently dying,
roused the feelings which had been externally suppressed but
inwardly aggravated by the presence of the French troops
employed by the Queen Regent. Formerly the populace alone
took an active hand in the work of destruction ; now all ranks
joined them ; and the setting sun, which was to have ¦witnessed
another victim to bigotry and oppression immolated vfithin

DEMOLITION OF THE MONASTERIES. 115
the walls of Scone, shone forth on a shapeless mass of her
ruins, amongst which a part of the Palace, including the royal
gallery in which Ohver had been condemned, alone remained
to attest for a time its former magnificence.
The fate of Aubrey never was known. He was probably
among the monks who retreated to the Continent after the
example of Perth had been followed throughout all Scotland.
Johnston recovered, and often, in after years, his children
visited Oliver TuUideph at St Andrews, to hear him rehearse
the stirring events in which their father had borne a part.
In clearing away the ruins at Scone, the Cross was found
uninjured, and it was afterwards placed, and stUl stands,
beside one of the gates of the Abbey, also discovered entire.
The part of the Palace which even the Reformers spared is
now no more.*

[" To the source," says Mr Morison, " from whence the account of the
circumstances attending the breaking out of the Reformation at Perth was
dra-wn, we are indebted for the foUowing particulars relating to the same
event at Dunblane."]

On a beautiful morning towards the end of June 1559, as
the people were attending mass in the Cathedral, a noise as
of armed men was heard within the surrounding court, f
Presently a band of warriors entered by the western portal,
and advanced towards the choir in two lines, the one led by
the Earl of Argyll, and the other by the Prior of St Andrews.
The worshippers in the body of the church, rising from their
prostrations, retreated into the aisles, while those within the
¦* [The ecclesiastical Palace and Abbey of Scone, destroyed by the insur
gents, were succeeded by another residence on the site of the Abbot's Palace,
when the Gowrie Family obtained possession of the property. After the
erection of Scone into a temporal Lordship in favour of Sir David Murray,
the Palace built by the Earl of Go-wrie received additions, though it never
was completed, and the whole of it was renewed when the present magnificent
Palace of Scone was begun in 1803 by WiUiam third Earl of Mansfield and
eighth Viscount Stormont.]
t [They had marched all night from Perth.]

116 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
choir, forgetting their devotions, rose up and turned with
inquiring eyes towards the intruders, who, halting in their
double array, nearly filled the body of the Cathedral. Their
appearance was every way calculated to excite the curiosity
of the spectators. Some of them were completely armed,
while the greater part wore the guise of citizens, who seemed
to have taken up arms in a moment of excitement or alarm ;
but whatever diversities in other respects were visible, in one
part of their dress, and it was truly a singular one, they were
alike — a rope or halter was suspended around the neck of
each ! * One of the officials at the altar, descending the steps
and advancing towards the balustrade which divided the choir
from the main body of the church, said — " My Lord of
Argyll, and you, my Lord Prior, what means this martial
array in the house of God, and what the symbols thy foUowers
wear ? Methinks, if they betoken penance, it were fitter to
enter this threshold as suppliants than as conquerors!" " We
come. Dean," replied the Earl, " to set forward the reforma
tion of religion according to God's Word, and to purify this
kirk; and, in name of the Congregation, warn and charge
you, that whatsoever person shall plainly resist these our
enterprises, we, by the authority of the Council, will reduce
them to their duty." " And moreover," added the Prior,
" we, with three hundred burgesses of Perth, whom ye see
here, have banded ourselves together in the kirk of St John,
now purified from its idolatry, and bound ourselves by a great
oath, that we are willing to part with life, as these symbols
around our necks testify, if we turn back from this our
holy calling, or desist from this our enterprise, until we have
purged the land. So, therefore, shall we, with aU the force
and power which God shaU grant unto us, execute just
vengeance and punishment upon you; yea, we shall begin that
same war which it was commanded the Israelites to execute
against the Canaanites ; that is, contract of peace shaU never
* [Each man of Argyll's party had this singular decoration, and the reason
assigned for it was, not only that it was an emblem of their own resolution,
but that they intended to hang all who deserted from them. Hence origi
nated the soubriquet of St Jolautown's ribbands, applied to halters in
Scotland.]

DEMOLITION OF THE MONASTERIES. 117
be made till ye desist from your open idolatry and cruel
persecution of God's children." " We are here in the peaceable
exercises of our holy religion," replied the Dean : " if there be
persecutors within these walls, they who violate the sanctuary
are the men." " Peace!" interrupted the Prior: " we are not
here to wrangle, but to see the commands of the Council
executed. Say if ye and your brethren are willing to obey,
and of your own consent to remove the stumbling-blocks,
even these monuments of idolatry?" " Most reverend Father,
and you, most puissant Earl," answered the Churchman, " we
that are here are but servants or menials, so to speak : —
whatsoe'er our will may be, our power reacheth not to the
things whereof ye speak. Our beloved Bishop is even now
with the Queen Regent, conferring, doubtless, of these weighty
matters. To him your request shall be made known, and by
his orders we shaU abide and act." The Prior and the Earl
conferred a short time together, when the latter again addressed
the Dean — " We are even now on an expedition of great
weight and moment, which brooketh not delay, and but
turned aside to warn the lieges of Dunblane of the danger of
upholding the errors and enticements of Papistry, else we
had not departed without leaving this house stript of these
vain trappings. Ye are now in our hands ; time presseth, and
we cannot trust William Chisholm. He hath bent himself too
pliantly to the will of that woman who still teacheth the
people of these lands to eat things sacrificed unto idols ; yet
we would not have it said that the people here assembled,
and whom ye yet strive to deceive, were not allowed time to
repent of their evU ways. This therefore will we do : — We
will not advance beyond this barrier, nor disturb those who
are assembled within it, but with our own hands wiU we cast
down the images and destroy the altars which on every side
ye have reared to the gods of your own making ; and let the
desolation now to be executed be an earnest of that which
awaits, not only the place wherein ye stand, but every high
place, and every abominable thing -within the land." The
words were scarcely out of the speaker's mouth when the
shrines were entered, the images and pictures displaced, and
trampled under foot. " To the brook with them!" cried the

118 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
Prior; and the armed multitude, rushing out at the portal by
which they had entered, bore the reUcs to the banks of the
Allan, and cast them in. It was the work but of a few
moments, and the troops were again marshaUed and on their
march to Stirling. The multitude within the choir saw what
passed vrith an air of stupified surprise, and leaving the
services of the morning unfinished, gradually ¦withdrew to
their respective houses, wondering at the things which they
had witnessed.

The preceding sketch of the demoUtion of the Rehgious
Houses of Perth sufficiently proves that the Reformation in
Scotland was " begun in the most infamous manner. " *
Whatever opinion may now be expressed on the utihty of
such memorials of the ancient Hierarchy, it is impossible not
to view them with pecuhar interest. In the language of Lord
Hailes, who refers to D^d I. — " We ought to judge of the
conduct of men according to the notions of their age, not of
ours. To endow monasteries may now be considered as a
prodigal superstition, but in the days of David I. it was
esteemed an act of pious beneficence. In monasteries the
lamp of knowledge continued to burn, however dimly. In
them men of business were formed for the State ; the art of
writing was cultivated by the monks ; they were the only
proficients in mechanics, gardening, and architecture. When
we examine the sites of ancient monasteries, we are sometimes
inclined to say with the vulgar — ' That the clergy in former
times always chose the best of the land and the most com
modious habitations ; ' but we do not advert, that religious
houses were frequently erected on waste grounds afterwards
improved by the art and industry of the clergy, who alone
had art and industry. That many monasteries did in process
of time become the seats of sloth, ignorance, and debauchery,
I deny^not. Candour, however, forbids us to ascribe accidental

* Fragments of Scottish History— Desultory Reflections on the State of
Ancient Scotland, by Sir John Graham Dalyell, Bart., 4to. Edin. 1798, p. 29.

DEMOLITION OF THE MONASTERIES.

119

and unforeseen evils to the virtuous founder. ' It was devo
tion,' says John Major, ' that produced opulence, but the lewd
daughter strangled her parent.' "*
In the foregoing traditionary narrative of the proceedings
of the adherents of John Knox at Perth, the leaders ¦will be
easily recognised by a reference to the history of the time.
The Earl of Argyll was Archibald fifth Earl, who had been
educated under the superintendence of Mr John Douglas, the
first Titular or Tulchan Archbishop of St Andrews, and who is
prominent as one of the Chiefs of the so called Congregation ;
the Prior of St Andrews was Lord James Stuart, afterwards
the Regent Moray ; and Erskine of Dun became a " Superin
tendent" ofthe new system. The assertion that the Carthusians
of Perth were on improper terms of familiarity with certain
nuns of the " Fair City" is not supported by any evidence,
and must be received as a mere popular flourish imparting a
peculiar bias to the story.
* Annals of Scotland, by Sir David Dalrymple, Lord Hailes, 4to. Edin.
1776, vol. i. p. 98, 99.

Seal of tte mt^ of ^Pettft ptior to tf)e Reformation.

®l)t I!lef0rmatt0n,

EXTRACTS FROM THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER OF PERTH. *

[ The proceedings of the successors of the ancient ecclesiastics in the " Fair
City" are laid before the reader from a transcript in the handwriting of Mr
James Scott, one of the Established Presbyterian Ministers of Perth from
1762 to his resignation, on account of old age and infirmity, in 1806. Mr
Scott's transcript commences in the year 1 577, previous to which no records
are in existence, and he enumerates ten MS. volumes from May 1577 to the
1st of April 1709 ; but long before this last mentioned year the records cease
to contain any interesting particulars.
The Kirk-Session or "Assembly" of Perth was instituted immediately
after the Reformation, when Mr John Row succeeded the Vicar as Presbyterian
Minister, and Mr Scott seems to have occupied much of his leisure time in
transcribing the records of this newly-invented judicatory, in addition to hia
abstracts of the existing Charters of the Religious Houses. Mr Scott's
collection of those loc:iI records arc now iu the Library of the Faculty of
Advocates at Edinburgh.]
SPECIMEN OF MORALITY.— i¥ay 1577. Coni-
^ peared Marion Whyte, and confesses her fornication
with John Swinton, and the second fault submits
* The Kirk-Session of Perth, on the 19ft of August and 1st of September
1577: — Mr Row, Minister. — Elders — William Fleming, Oliver Peebles,
John Anderson, Robert Anderson, William Anderson, Alexander Anderson,
John Davidson, Patrick Inglis, George Johnston, t James Hepburn, Robert
Chapman, Alexander Gibson.
Mr Scott observes of this " apostolical" list of the kirk-functionaries, iu
which the gentlemen of the name of Anderson are conspicuouB, that " it is
imperfect, because none of the Deacons' names are now to be found in the
licgistcr." t 'J'lih Ucoi-gi-' Johnston i.>. Ilie person mentioned in the iirceeding nM-rative of the
rleninlition of the raonnsteries.

122 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
herself to the disciphne of the Kirk and civil punishment.
Compeared John Swinton, aUeged father of the bairn, who
being demanded gif he has had carnal deall with Marion
Whyte within nine months bygone or thereby ; he denied
that he had any carnal deaU -with her within thir two years
bygone; and therefore the said Marion referred it to his
conscience to swear gif he had carnal deaU with her or no by
the space foresaid. Therefore the Assembly (Kirk- Session)
assigns to the said John Monday next to give forth his aith
(oath) thereupon, either negative or affirmative, and to advise
with his aith until the said day.* May 27 — Compeared
John Swinton, and refused to give his aith upon the contents
of the last act, and therefore the Assembly ordains the Kirk
to proceed against him with admonitions, that under the pain
of the censures of the Kirk he may depone his aith, either
negative or affirmative, conform to the last act, concerning
the fornication confessed by Marion Whyte to have been com
mitted -with him, to whom she is with bairn, as she has
confessed, and alleges presently. June 20 — Compeared John
Swinton, and confesses his fornication with Marion Whyte,
and that it is the second fault ; and he submits himself to the
disciphne of the Kirk, and the civil punishment, conform to
the Order. He is ordained to compear before the Assembly
on Monday the 7th of July, that he may receive his directions
for his second fault of fornication, f
"* The meaning of this quaintly expressed clause is, that John Swinton,
during the interval, was to reflect upon the oath he was to swear on that day.
+ In 1560, after John Knox had been appointed Minister of Edinburgh
under the new system, an act was passed by a so called Parliament or Con
vention of the Privy Council, enjoining such offenders as John Swinton and
Marion Whyte to be carted through the towns in which they resided, and
banished till they gave evidence of their repentance, and their contrition was
received by the Kirk-Session. The wonderful John Knox, who tyrannized
in the most severe manner over the citizens of Edinburgh, was in danger
of rough treatment for his domineering mode of enforcing discipline. A
member of one of the Incorporated Trades of Edinburgh, who had been
guilty of " light life and couveraaiton" with a paramour, was ordered to be
" carted" through the city; but the populace, excited by the Crafts or Trades,
tumed out to rescue him, demolished the cart, and forcibly carried off the
delinquent amid loud denunciations against John Knox. On another occasion,
which happened soon afterwards, a mob proceeded to Knox's residence and
threatened to murder him. As Queen Mary, after her return to Scotland in

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 1 23
Ante-Nuptial Intercourse. — June 20, 1577. WhUk day com
peared AUan Dickenson, and confesses fornication and carnal
deall with Margaret Blair, and they are both ordained to
make their repentance before their marriage, or to pay forty
shillings (Scots, or 3s. 4d. sterhng) to the poor, conform to
the Act made thereanent.
A Conditional Exemption. — June 20, 1577. Compeared
WilUam Steinston, and confessed his fornication with Jean
Black, and submits himself to the discipline of the Kirk. And
because Patrick Lamb has promised and become cautioner for
the young man William Steinston, that he shall perform the
civil punishment, beginning on Monday come eight days,
except the standing in the irons, for whilk (exemption) the
said Patrick has instantly paid L.4 (Scots, or 6s. 8d. sterling)
to the poor, given to James Sym, therefore it is permitted to
the said WiUiam, by the Assembly, to accomphsh his marriage
on Sunday next vrith Margaret Lamb.
1561, would not acknowledge the legality of the Parliament, or Convention
of 1560, which overthrew the ancient Hierarchy, the special Act against the
class of delinquents above mentioned was not enforced by Magistrates ; but
in the Parliament held in 1564 it was enacted that " scandalous livers should
be punished first by prison, and then to be publicly sho-wn to the people with
ignominy." In the first Parliament of James VL, or the Regent Moray's
Parliament, held in 1567, it was enacted that such delinquents, both male
and female, were to be fined — for the first offence the sum of L.40 Scots, or
L.3 : 6 ; 8 sterling, in default of which " he and she shall be imprisoned for
the space of eight days, their food to be bread and small drink, and there
after to be presented to the mereat-place of the to-wn or parish bareheaded,
and there stand fast that they may not remove for the space of two hours."
For the second offence delinquents were to pay a fine of one hundred merks
(L.5; 11:1 sterling), or their imprisonment to be two weeks, and to be
brought to the market-place, where their heads were to be shaven. Those
convicted a third time were to pay L.lOO Scots (L.8 ; 6 : 8 sterling), or their
imprisonment to be trebled, and before they were set at liberty to be taken to
the deepest and dirtiest pool, in which they were to be thrice ducked, and
then banished from the to-wn or parish for life. For every subsequent offence
this third penalty was to be inflicted. The judges were to be the Provost and
Bailies of the town, the Justice-General and his Deputes, or such persons
who had the Sovereign's commission; and the fines were to be kept in a
" close box," to be converted to " pious uses in those parts where the crime is
committed." Mr Scott observes — " This Act was long rigorously executed in
the town and parish of Perth, which appears from the (Kirk) Session Records,
for it was the (Kirk) Session, and not the civU judges, who exacted the pecunial
fines from the convicted offenders, or, when the offenders were not able to pay,
enjoined the Magistrates to inflict the corporal punishment."

124 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
Corpus Christi Play.* — August 13, 1577. Whilk day com
peared Thomas ThorshaUls, who desired to have his bairn
baptized, and confessed himself to be one of the number of
those Corpus Christi players who bore the anstenzef of the
same; for the whilk slander he offers and submits himself
to the discipline of the Kirk, with my Lord's | advice, and
promises in time coming never to meddle with such things
again, under the pain of the censures of the Kirk. In respect
whereof, and of his obedience to the Kirk, the Elders presently
convened, viz. John Anderson, Oliver Peebles, John Davidson,
William Anderson, Patrick Inglis, Alexander Anderson, William
Fleming, think it expedient that the said Thomas ThorshaUl's
bairn be baptized, because he has offered himself obedient to
the Kirk. §
The Laird of Balhousie admonished. — August 19, 1557.
The Kirk (Session) desires John Peebles to speak to the Laird
of Balhousie, desiring him to use the exercise of religion, and
to report his answer on Thursday next. ||
A courageous Black Friar. — August 19, 1557. Whilk day
* The Festival of Corpus Christi, instituted by Pope Urban IV. about 1264,
is celebrated on the 14th of June, or the second Thursday after Whitsunday.
The tenacity with which the citizens of Perth adhered to the indulgence
of their former sports on that and other days gave their " Honours," the
Kirk-Session, an infinitude of trouble. On this occasion, on the 1st of July
1577, they issued a fulmination against those who had observed Corpus
Christi Play on Thursday the 6th of June last in defiance of the Minister's
prohibition from the pulpit, and cited a number of persons before them.
+ Sic in MS., probably ansenye or enseinyie, a banner.
X William Lord Ruthven, afterwards first Earl of Gowrie, in 1577 Provost
of Perth, son of Patrick third Lord.
§ On the 1st of September i certain Robert Paul made a similar sub
mission preliminary to the baptism of his " bairn." On the following day
David Dickson, Henrj' Pj'per, William Glass, David Murray, and four others,
all Corpus Christi players, expressed their penitence for observing the same.
On the 16th, three confessed the " slander;" and on the 16th of December
four confessed, and promised " never to meddle with such things again."
Respecting the Festival of Corpus Christi, for the pastimes indulged on
which day the local tyrants of Perth chose to be inquisitorial, see the Poetical
Legends, Observations, and Notes, in Brand's Popular Antiquities (Knight's
Miscellanies), revised by Sir Henry Ellis, K.H., Principal Librarian of the
British Museum, 12mo. London 1841, vol. i. p. 163, 164, 165.
II This Laird of Balhousie's name was Eviot, whose ancestors are often
mentioned as benefactors lo the Dominican Monastery. It is probable that
the Laird refused to conform to the new i-eligion. Sec p. 21 , -2-1 of the present
volume.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 125
compeared John Gray, and being demanded if he raised any
letters* upon his pension owing to him as one sometime of the
Brotherhood of the Black Friars of this town ; answered, that
howbeit he raised letters thereupon, yet in hope of good
payment in tune coming, as the rest gets, he discharges the
said letters and these executions thereupon, and all that may
pass thereupon, of the date of the second day of February, in
the year of God 1577.
An Elder censured. — September 16, 1557. The Elders
think it meet that Patrick Inglis remove out of the Assembly,
while he be accused of sundry things to be laid to his charge.
A Marriage-Contract made and broken. — November 25,
1577. Compeared Catherine Culbert and Thomas Paterson,
and promise to accomplish the marriage contracted betwixt
them, for the accomplishment of which John Wood and
Thomas Swinton were cautioners. December 9, 1577 — Be
cause that Thomas Paterson and Catherine Culbert contracted
marriage, and the said Catherine will not accomphsh the same,
therefore (the Kirk-Session) desires the Bailies to poind John
Wood, who was cautioner for the said Catherine, for L.IO
(Scots, or 16s. 8d. sterling) according to the Act.
Delinquency. — December 9, 1577. Whilk day it is ordained
that Helen Ramsay shall be punished as an fornicatrix, and
WiUiam Balvaird to be put in the Tolbooth, until he pay
thirteen shillings four pennies (Scots, or Is. Id. sterling), for
not exhibiting the said Helen conform to the act.
Contumacy. — December 16, 1577. Whilk day the Assembly
ordains WUliam Smith and Laurence Stenis to be put in the
Tolbooth, until they find caution to compear before the
Assembly. St Obert's Play.-\ — December 16, 1577. WhUk day the
Elders ordain the Act made against Superstition, Amio Domini
1574, November 27, to be published on Sunday next ; and
also all those persons that were playing St Obert's Play the
the 10th of this month to be warned to the Assembly this
day eight days. December 20, 1577 — Whilk day compeared
-* Compulsory payment by letters of horning is meant.
t St Obert, or St Aubert, was the Tutelary Saint of the Perth Bakers, who
observed his day on the 10th of December.

126 THE BOOR OF PERTH.
John Fyvie, and confesses that upon the 10th of December
instant, which was called St Obert's Even, he passed through
the town striking the drum, which was one of the common
drums of the town, accompanied with certain others, such as
John Macbeth, Wilham Jack, riding upon an horse going in
men's shoes, and says the said John Macbeth dehvered to him
the drum.. For the whilk premisses he submits himself to the
discipline of the Kirk, and also promises never to strike ane
drum again without the consent of ane magistrate, under
such pains as shaU be laid to his charge. January 1577-8 —
Compeared Wilham Jack, and being demanded if he was in
St Obert's Play, he confessed that notwithstanding he was one
of Corpus Christi players, for which he submitted himself to
the discipline of the Kirk, promising that he would never do
the like, yet he confesses that he was in St Obert's Play.
A Band of Recusants. — March 31, 1578. Ordains William
Henderson and Janet White to be warded, because they being
warned, compear not before the Assembly, and siclike WiUiam
Jack. May 19 — Ordains Dionysius Conqueror (Bailie) to put
Christian Maxwell into ward, because she, being lawftiUy
warned to this day, compeared not before the Assembly. The
whilk day ordained Margaret Thomson in John Towshank's
(house) to be put in ward until she compear before the
Assembly. June 2 — WhUk day ordains the Bailies to put
Patrick Herring into the Tolbooth, or then cause him to
appear before the Assembly, because he has been sundry times
afore admonished, and compeared not. June 9 — Whilk day
Mr Patrick Whitelaw (Bailie) is ordained to ward Patrick
Herring and Alexander Chalmers, or to cause them compear
before the Assembly this day eight days. — July 27. Ordains
the BaiUes to put John Ramerkin and Malcolm Denis into the
Tolbooth, because they, being lawfully warned, compeared
not. August 4 — The Assembly ordains the Baihes to put
Janet Wright, Alexander Adam, Agnes Johnston, and Donald
Monteith into the Tolbooth, ay and until they compear, or
find caution to compear, before the Assembly, because they,
being lawfully summoned, compeared not.
A Troublesome Offender. — April 21, 1578. The Assembly
ordains the BaiUes to put Thomas Monipenny, younger, in

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 127
ward, because he, being warned to compear before the
Assembly, compeared not. May 5 — WhUk day compears
Thomas Monipenny, younger, and being accused of carnal
deaU with Margaret Swan, denies the same; therefore the
Assembly ordams the said Thomas this day eight days to
depone, (and in the mean time to consult) his conscience
thereanent, in respect (that) the woman has deponed on her
conscience accusing him ofthe same. May 13 — The whUk day
Thomas Monipenny, younger, is appointed to be admonished
on Thursday next by the minister in (the) pulpit, to give and
depone his (oath and) conscience whether he had carnal deall
with Margaret Swan or not, under the pain of the censures of
the Kirk. In the mean time John Wood is appointed to travel
with him, and to record his answers betwixt this and the next
Thursday. May 19 — The Assembly ordains the admonitions
to be made against Thomas Monipenny, younger, to give
forth his aith if he has had carnal deall with Isabell (Margaret)
Swan or not, because she has confessed the same before
the Assembly. May 27 — Whilk day compeared Thomas
Monipenny, younger, and confesses his fornication with Isabell
(Margaret) Swan, and submits himself to the discipline of the
Kirk, and the civU punishment, and (this) the second fault
thereof June 9 — Whilk day John Anderson, Elder, and
Andrew Johnston, were appointed speak (to) Thomas Moni
penny, Bailie,* for his son, to desire him to fulfil the injunctions
of the Kirk. July 27 — Ordains Thomas Monipenny, younger,
to come this day eight days, and ask God and the congregation
forgiveness for his fornication, and chiefly for his contempt
and slander offered to the Kirk in the place of repentance. |
An Amorous Compromise. — April 21, 1578. Whilk day
compeared WiUiam Henderson, % and promises to bring a
sufficient declarator from the Commissary betwixt the date
-* This gentleman, whose son's gallantries with Margaret or Isabel Swan
occupied the attention of the Kirk-Session upwards of two months, was one
of the ancient family of Monypenny of Pitmilly, near St Andrews, in Fife.
+ It appears from this, that young Monypenny, though he was induced to
mount the " stool of repentance," made a mockery of the whole affair.
X The William Henderson mentioned under date March 81 of the above
year, and ordered to be imprisoned with his inamorata Janet White, for
recusancy or disobedience to the Kirk-Session.

128 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
hereof and midsummer next, proving that Bessy Black, who
claims him to be her husband, is not his wife. Of the which
premises, if the said William fail, as he has promised betwixt
this and the date aforesaid, he then shall submit himself as an
adulterer, con-ricted of adultery, to the discipline of the Kirk,
for the performance whereof he shall find caution to Dionysius
Conqueror, Bailie, under the pain of L.40 (Scots, or L.3 : 6 : 8
sterling) to the poor ; which caution being found,* the Assembly
ordains his child to be baptized which Janet Wright has borne
to him.
An Extraordinary Certificate of Moral Character. — May
19, 1578. The whilk day the Assembly have ordained Janet
Cook hereafter to be received to the Communion, because it is
so long since she was with bairn that it is out of memory. (!)
A Lothario cited. — June 16, 1578. Whilk day Mr John
Row, Minister of Perth, in presence of the Elders of the
weekly Assembly of Perth, charged and admonished Patrick
Herring, fornicator with Christian Maxwell, to compear to
his public repentance according to the Order, under the pain
of excommunication.
A Fair Fugitive from Discipline excommunicated. — June
29, 1578. The whilk day Mr John Row, Minister of Perth,
denounced Elspeth Carnock in presence of the whole people,
for abstracting herself from her repentance.
Marriage Regulations. — July 7, 1578. The whilk day
the Minister and Elders, perceiving that those who compear
before the Assembly to give up their banns to go forward to
marriage are almost altogether ignorant, and misknow the
causes why they should m'arry, f therefore the Assembly
ordain all such (persons) first to compear before the Reader
for the time, whoever he (may) be, to the effect (that) he may
instruct them in the true causes of marriage before they come
in before the Assembly.
Scolding. — August 4, 1578. The Assembly ordains the
* Mr Henderson produced John Peebles, then one of the principal citizens
of Perth, as his security.
t It is remarkable that this admission of the ignorance of the people of
the social and domestic relationships of life is acknowledged nearly tventy
years after the Tteformat-ion.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGlSTliR. 121)
Bailies to puind Catherine Yester and Malcolm Denis, eviry
one of them, for half ane merk (sixpence sterling) to the poor,
for their flyting. (Also) ordains John Tod to pay half ane
merk to the poor, and to stand in the irons two hours, and to
ask Margaret forgiveness for slandering, which slander he
confessed. Absence from the Sermon. — September 22, 1578. The
Assembly ordains the BaUies to puind Henry Arnot, Alexander
Bain, Gabriel Stalker, every one of them for six shillings
(Scots) to the poor, because according to their own confession
they were from the sermon on Sunday was eight days.
A Penitent. — October 6, 1578. Compeared Christian
Buchan, and confesses her adultery with on« umquhiU James
Gray. She submits herself to the discipline of the Kirk, and
is ordained to compear upon Wednesday next before the
Exercise, there to receive her injunctions.
A Suspected Papist. — November 10, 1578. Whilk day Mr
John Denite being called before the Assembly, was accused
because he remained privately in his house without all exercise
of religion, and (yet) that he has subscribed the Articles of
Religion; therefore the Assembly have commanded the Articles
to be delivered to the said Jlr John, and he to give his
answer thereupon betvrixt this day and this day fifteen days.
Votaries of St Obert. — December 15, 1578. Gilbert
Robertson, William Martin, Thomas RoUock,* Thomas Jack,-|-
.lohn Macbeth, confess that they have transgressed an act
made in the Assembly of Ministers and Elders, and ratified
by the Provost and Bailies, in that superstitiously they passed
about the town on St Obert's Even disguised, in piping and
dancing, and torches bearing, for the whilk they submit
themselves to the discipline of the Kirk.
A Husband at fault. — February 26, 1578-9. Whilk day
Mr John Row, Minister at Perth, admonished Thomas Dundee,
pubhcly from the pulpit, to adhere unto his wife, under the
pain of excommunication, and that for the first time.
* Evidently the son of William RoUo, or RoUock, baker in Perth, who
resigned to the Black Friars, on the 30th of August 1530, his shop in the
North Street. See p. 27, 28, ofthe present volume.
f William Jack, probably a brother of this Thomas Jack, h.ad been an
offender in the preceding year. 9

130 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
A Punishment for Defamation. — May 1, 1579. Whilk
day compeared John Elder, and submitted himseU' to the
minister of Perth, Mr John Row, and Elders of the said
burgh, in the decision of the cause and action betwixt him
and Agnes Grant, her daughter, and her goodman, for his
untruth. And the circumstances of the cause being considered,
the said Minister and Elders ordain John to ask the said
Agnes Grant forgiveness for the offence done to her, and to
pay ane half merk to the poor.
An Excommunicated Penitent. — May 18, 1579. Com
peared Margaret Ruthven, who is excommunicate, declaring
her repentance as well of her adultery as of her obstinacy,
for the whilk she has submitted herself with reverence and
humility to the discipline of the Kirk, desiring to be received
to her repentance. The Assembly think expedient she be
received according to their Order.
A " Fair Maid " in trouble. — May 25, 1579. The As
sembly ordains the Bailies to put Helen  upon the
Cross-head for the space of an hour, and to pay half ane merk
to the poor before she come down, and that for the slandering
of Thomas Brown. (Also) Thomas Malcolm is convicted before
the Assembly of having called Thomas Brown loon (and)
ra.rl, for the which the Assembly ordain him to be put in the
Tolbooth, there to remain two hours, and to pay six shillings
eight pennies (Scots, or sixpence sterling) to the poor.
An Unruly Wife. — August 3, 1579. The Assembly desires
the Bailies to take order with Christian AVilliamson for the
shedding of John Anderson her husband's blood, and to take
order that she shall compear before the Kirk.
A Confession of Frailty. — -August 10, 1579. Compeared
Catherine Kinloch, and confessed her fornication vrith Robert
Stewart, son of the Laird of Minto.
The Act against Scolding. — August 10, 1519. The
Assembly ordains that such as are convicted of flyting, and
will not willingly pass to the Cross-head, according to the Act
passed of before, shall pay half ane merk money to be given
to the poor for (exemption from) the Cross-head, besides that
other half merk mentioned in the Act of before.
A Family Quarrel. — Au.qiu.it 20, 1579. Ordains Isabell

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 131
Kinloch, wife to John Peat, to adhere to the said John Peat
her husband, or else to compear before the Assembly this day
fifteen days, and show ane reasonable cause why she should
not adhere.
Disturbers of Public Worship -punished. — Septemher 8,
1579. John Landray submits himself to the disciphne of the
Kirk for the perturbations of the kirk (during) the time of
the ministration of the sacrament of baptism ; for the which
cause the Assembly ordain him to pass about the Cross in
hnen clothes, barefooted and bareheaded, on Thursday and
Sunday next, and thereafter to come to the public place of
repentance the time of the sermon, there publicly to confess
his offence ; also to pay ane half merk money to the poor
instantly, or else to pass to ward ay and until it be paid.
And siclike for the same cause ordain the next three, to wit,
James Cuthbert, James Carr, and Thomas Rutherford, to
come to the stool of repentance on Thursday next, there to
make their public repentance.
A Criminal Insinuation. — Septemher 22, 1579. Compeared
Peter Wliitehill, and confesses that upon Wednesday the 1st
of August last, at twelve hours in the day, he came to Andrew
Bro'wnhiirs house, and said God speed, and God he here,
where he found two of Andrew Brownhill's women, and there
in presence of them asked the work of his fault again for
God's sake, and speired at the servants where the goodwife
was. Therefore the said Andrew BrownhiU is ordained against
this day eight days to use dihgence to use false probation,
and likewise the said Peter to bring his witnesses to prove his
libel casten in.*
Sunday Discipline. — November 9, 1579. Whilk day the
Assembly ordains Alexander Finlayson to compear on Sunday
next in sackcloth from the first bell to the hindmost ; f and
-* According to Mr Scott, this Peter Whitehill went to Andrew Brownhill's
house, and in the presence of two female domestics insinuated that he had
criminal intercourse -with their mistress. Mr Scott observes that several
instances of this practice occur in the Records, and that the charge was
discovered to be false and malicious.
f This means that Alexander Finlayson was to appear publicly in his
penitential costume of sackcloth, from the ringing ofthe first bell for preaching
till the last bell announced that the said preaching was concluded.

132 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
ordains John Mitchel and John Wenton, Elders, to stand with
him at the north kirk door, with their staffs in their hands,
and to convoy him to and from the stool of repentance.
A Security forfeited. — December 13, 1519. Ordains the
officer to puind Andrew Mercer for non-compearance of his
nurse, and that because he was cautioner for her to present
her before the Assembly. *
A Delinquent and his Cautioner. — March 4, 1579-80.
Compeared Oliver Davidson, and confessed his fornication with
Janet M'Oray, and submits himself to the discipline of the
Kirk therefor. And because the said Oliver is in the King's
Majesty's service, so that presently he may not satisfy the
Kirk for his said offence, the Assembly has given unto him,
to 'perform the same, the whole time betwixt this and Lammas ;
and the said Oliver has found Lawrence Davidson cautioner
for the performance of the same betwixt this and the date
foresaid, under the penalty of L.IO (Scots) to the poor. i
A Delicate Commission. — April 25, 1580. Ordains James
Lyon and John Ronaldson to pass to the Justice-Clerk,f and
see if he confesses Catherine Kinloch's bairn to be his.
The Dragon Hole.X — May 2, 1580. Ordains an Act to
be made by the Minister concerning the discharging of all
passing to the Dragon Hole superstitiously, and the same to be
published on Thursday next out of the pulpit, and thereafter
to be given to the Bailies, and proclaimed at the market-cross.
The "Act" anent the Dragon Hole. — Because the Assembly
-* Mr Scott remarks on this case — " It was usual for those who hired a
fornicatrix to nurse a child, to bind to the Kirk-Session for her compearance
after the child was nursed."
+ The Lord Justice-Clerk implicated in this alleged amour was Sir Lewis
Bellensten of AuchnouU. Catherine Kinloch seems to have been a damsel
of easy virtue. See the date, August 10, 1579, and in that case, as in this,
her paramour was a person of rank.
X The Dragon Hole is a very inaccessible cave in the precipitous front of
Kinnoull Hill, of dimensions sufficient to contain from twelve to twenty
persons. It doubtless derived its name from some traditionary story of a
dragon, or fabulous monster, which was the terror of the neighbourhood.
Adamson, in his Metrical History of Perth, mentions a certain James Keddie
who found in the Dragon's Hole a stone which had the power of rendering
its possessor invisible; but Mr Keddie lost the stone, and though he often
searched for it, the said stone was ever afterwards invisible to him.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 133
of Minister and Elders understand that the resort to the
Dragon Hole as well by young men as women, with their piping
and drums striking before them through this town, has caused
no small slander to the congregation, not without suspicion of
filthiness* folio vring thereupon, the said Assembly, for avoiding
thereof in times coming, have, with consent of the Magistrates
of this town, statute and ordained that no person, neither man
nor woman of this congregation, f resort or repair to the
said Dragon Hole, as they have done in times bygone, namely,
in the month of May, nor shall pass through the town with
piping and striking of drums, as heretofore they have done,
under the penalty of twenty shUlings (Scots, or Is. 8d. sterling)
to the poor, to every person, as well man as woman, that
shall be found guilty ; also, that they shall make their public
repentance upon an Sabbath-day, in presence of the people.
This ordinance to be published at the market-cross upon
Saturday next, as also by the minister in the pulpit on
Thursday and Sunday next to come, that none hereafter
pretend ignorance. |
A Dragon Hole Offender. — May 9, 1580. Ordains the
Act made against the Dragon Hole to strike upon David
RoUock, because he is convicted of breaking the same. He
* Improper intercourse, or " sweet-hearting," between the young men and
women who resorted to that romantic locality.
t In Perth, such was the effect of the Reformation, that St John's Church
accommodated all the citizens.
X This "Act," which is no very favourable specimen of the literary abilities
of Mr John Row, Minister of Perth, intimates the determination of the local
tyrants of the Perth Kirk-Session, aided by their friends the Magistrates, to
interfere with the harmless recreations of the people. We have already seen
their crusading against the observance of Corpus Christi Day and St Obert's
Day. Nothing would do with them but continual preaching. Before the
Reformation the Scottish people were noted for their partiality to shows,
pastimes, songs, and minstrel music, but Presbyterianism soon waged war
with every harmless frolic and indulgence of former times. In the Parliament
held on the 20th of October 1579, an Act was passed prohibiting " travelling
bands, minstrels, songsters, and tellers of tales," who had long been the
delight of the people, to itinerate throughout the country, or to be anywhere
seen, under the penalty of severe punishment as vagabonds. Lords of Parlia
ment, and the Town-Councils of the principal burghs only, were allowed to
retain bards in their service. It is hardly necessary to add that in the
Highlands this enactment of the Parliament was unknown, or was treated
with universal contempt.

134 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
has found his deacon, George M'Gregor, cautioner for the
satisfaction of the said act, under the pain of L.IO (Scots) to
the poor.
A Bachelor's Housekeeper denounced. — August 15, 1580.
Compeared Wilham Young, and confessed that Violet Paterson
had been in society with him since the last act made there
anent, and that the said Violet made his meat ready, and ate
with him. In respect whereof the Assembly have ordained
him to make his public repentance in the kirk, which he
promised to do ; * and farther, has found James Doning and
David WiUiamson cautioners, under the pain of L.20 (Scots,
or L.l : 13 : 4 sterling) every one of them, to the poor, that
he shall perform the same, and abstain for aU time coming
from all kind of company and society of the said Violet
Paterson publicly and privately. The Assembly have (also)
ordained Violet Paterson to be banished the town, simply
because of her open blasphemy of the Minister and Elders,
her stubborn inobedience unto the Kirk, and her slanderous
life and conversation in many ways, as is proven before the
Ministers and Elders by famous witnesses. f
Public Repentance to be enforced. — August 22, 1580.
Because that persons who have been put in the Tolbooth
oftentimes come not immediately thereafter to their repentance,
but absent themselves, wherethrough great confusion follows,
and also great molestation to the Magistrate in bringing them
to their repentance, therefore the Assembly, with advice of
* William Young had no other alternative. The local tyrants insisted on
the mojt unconditional submission.
+ Although scandal had not spared William Young and Violet Paterson,
it appears from this case that the said William Young was unmarried, and
that Violet was his housekeeper. Her indignation was naturally excited by the
accusation of improper intercourse with her master, and hence her " stubborn
inobedience unto the Kirk," and her " open blasphemy of the Ministers and
Elders." Mr Scott innocently remarks — " Tho word blasphemy was often
used long ago for any abusive language, especially when spoken to superiors.''
This worthy gentleman ought to have been the compiler of an English
Dictionary, or a new translation of the Old and New Testaments. The charge
of " open blasphemy of the Minister and Elders " alleged against a female
whose virtuous character was assailed by those men is ridiculous, and proves
the utter prostration of the people in various towns to the Presbyterian
inquisition.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 135
the Bailies, statutes and ordains, for avoiding of this incon
venience, that caution (security) be taken of such persons as
enter the Tolbooth, before they come out, to come the next
preaching day (after they are h berated) to the stool of repent
ance, under the pain of forty shiUings (Scots, or 3s. 4d. sterling)
to the poor, and to continue (the several days of their public
repentance) without intermission.
Children in the Kirk. — October 24, 1580. Ordains to ad
monish in the pulpit all mothers to take heed to their bairns
that they perturb not the kirk.
A Witch. — December 20, 1580. The Assembly ordains the
witch to be banished the town.
The duty of a Perth Beadle.— February 1, 1580-1. The
Assembly ordains that John Ronaldson shall convoy all such
as are to be imprisoned to the prison house, and to return
again at time convenient, and receive them out of prison ; that
he shall also receive from them the duty (fine) for the poor,
and give it to James Sim to distribute the same as effeirs ; also
to convoy them to the Cross-head. Same date — The Assembly
ordains that no vicious persons that pass to the Cross-head,
or stool of repentance, shall cover their faces or head, with
certification if they do, it shall serve for nothing unto them
(as a part of their repentance) so often as they do it.
Violation ofa Fast Day. — March 8, 1580-1. The Assembly
ordains Constantine Meliss and Isabel Elder to make their
public repentance upon Sunday next, and farther to pay L.4
(Scots, or 6s. 8d. sterhng) to the poor, because in time of our
pubUc humiliation and fasting they passed up at once to their
feasting and solemnizing of" marriage, contrary to all good
order. A Doidttful Case. — March 27, 1581. Compeared Janet
Basket, and confessed her fornication with Thomas Murray,
and submits herself to the disciphne of the Kirk therefor ; but
because it supposed that the said Thomas made promise of
marriage to the said Janet, therefore the Elders have appointed
to her and her father to bring the said Thomas' mind in this
matter in writ, and to present the same to the Assembly,
failing whereof the said Janet shall enter to her repentance
for fornication pro srcundo.

136 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
A Mcdrimonial Admonition. — March 27, 1581. The As
sembly ordains to warn Alexander Carnegie against this day
fourteen days, to see whether he is content to adhere to his
wife or not, and to purge himself of the vehement slander
that is arising of him with his servitrix Catherine Lamb.
3Iarriage. — April 10, 1581. Ordains all purgations of
persons to be married to come before the Assembly, that the
persons may be there purged.*
Reconciling a Quarrel. — April 10, 1581. The Assembly or
dains the Minister, f James Hepburn, WiUiam Fleming, George
Johnstone, and John Peebles, to travel for reconciliation betwixt
James Drummond, and John Smith with his colleagues.
A Rioter. — April 10, 1581. Ordains the BaUies to put
Robert Tod into the Tolbooth, (and keep him there), until he
tells the names of his companions.
The Dragon Hole again. — April 10, 1581. The whole
Assembly of the Elders, with advice of the Magistrates, ratify
the former act concerning the Dragon Hole.
Two Offenders to be tried. — April 17, 1581. The Assembly
ordains the two persons that are in the Cross -head to be •
detained in close ward this night, and to suffer an assize
to-morrow, which William Anderson, Bailie, promised to do.
The Sabbath. — April 17, 1581. Ordains the BaUies to
put the former acts of Sabbath to execution. In special, they,
desire the Bailies to close the yetts (gates) of the town. The
Assembly ordain that no pastime shall be used through the
town upon the Sabbath, in special in the time of May. if
Ante-Nuptial Regulations. — May 8, 1581. The Assembly
concludes that all conjunction before contract with the Kirk
is simple fornication. It is ordained that whosoever join
" Mr Scott observes on this injunction — " That is, might clear themselves
of previous carnal dealing, or of having given promise of marriage to any
other person."
+ This minister of Perth was Mr Patrick G.alloway, a very eminent man,
who figures conspicuously during the reign of James VI. John Row, the first
" Reformed " minister of Perth, died on the 1 6th of October 1580, and Galloway
was elected his successor in November. On the lith of that month occurs
the following notice : — " The Elders think that ane letter be directed to Mr
Patrick Galloway, to be here on Wednesday week to come."
+ This is evidently a special allusion to the Dragon Hole aft'air.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 137
carnally together betwixt the giving up of the bairns before
the Kirk, and accomphshment of their marriage, shaU pay
forty shillings (Scots, or 3s. 4d. sterling) to the poor, and
shall make their public humiliation before the pulpit upon the
Sunday before marriage.*
Sunday Trading. — May 15, 1581. The Assembly ordain
the Sabbath-day to be kept from all kind of buying and
selling, and no dispensation to be used (granted); and this
act in special to be directed against baxters (bakers), brewsters,
wine-sellers, bun-bearers, fleshers, and merchants, with all
other crafts and occupations.
No Women to have Seats in the Parish Church. — June 5,
1581. The Assembly ordains the Minister out ofthe pulpit to
discharge all women's stools in the kirk, betwixt this and
this day eight days, otherwise (if not removed by the women)
the same to be done by others whom the (Kirk) Session shall
appoint in case of disobedience.
Two depraved Delinquents. — June 12, 1581. Seeing that
James Hall and Janet Home are by their own confession
found culpable of incest, therefore the Elders desire the Bailies
to give them an inquest, f
A Suspicious Dame. — Jitne 12, 1581. The Elders find that
by Christian Livingstone's own confession she is ane deceiver
of the people, therefore they present her to the Baihes' hands
to suffer an inquest. |
An Elder assaulted. — Jidy 3, 1581. Because John Chris
tison and WUliam Watson, two of the mutineers that put
violent hands on Henry Adamson, § one of the Elders, being
warned this day before the Assembly, personally apprehended,
* At that time the interval of forty days elapsed between the contract and
the celebration of the marriage.
t To try them for the crime.
J Christian Livingstone was evidently a .spaeioife or fortune-teller.
§ Henry Adamson, who is prominently noticed in the sequel, is supposed
to have been a son of Patrick Adamson, who was chosen a Magistrate or
Bailie ofthe " Fair City" in October 1541, and who died at Perth in October
1570. This Henry Adamson was a brother of the celebrated and learned
Patrick Adamson, Titular Archbishop of St Andrews, and uncle of Plenry
Adamson, the Metrical Historian of Perth. It will be subsequently seen
that he was tUled at Perth on Good-Friday 1598, when he filled the office
of Dean of Guild, by Thomas Peebles.

138 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
and compeared not, therefore the Assembly ordains the Bailies
to put them in ward for their disobedience, there to remain
until the Assembly send for them. July 6 — Anent the
violent putting on of hands of Henry Adamson, one of the
Elders, after trial taken thereanent, and depositions of famous
vritnesses, it is found that John Mathie and John Christison
were the two principal committers of the fault ; therefore the
Assembly ordains them to compear upon ane Sunday in the
place of repentance in hnen clothes, and therefrom to come
down and ask the said Henry forgiveness, and also the con
gregation. Also, each of them to pay forty shilhngs money to
the poor before they enter to the said place. For performance
whereof the Assembly ordains the Bailies to put them in
ward ay and untU they perform the same, under the pain of
excommunication. GUbert BUly being accused if he was one
of them that struck Henry Adamson, or if he was the occasion
of his hurting (him), deponed that as he shaU answer to God
he was not one of them that hurt him, nor put hands on
him, nor yet was the occasion thereof, but declares it was
John Mathie. Wilham Watson likewise being accused of the
foresaid crime, deponed that he (-wished he) may never come
to God's kingdom if he put hands on Henry Adamson, or if it
was in his mind at that present to do any skaith to him, but
of sudden purpose he happened to be new come into the town,
and seeing them at combat, and a sword lying upon the cause
way, he took up the sword, but struck at no man therewith ;
and he affirmed that he saw John Christison put hands on the
said Henry, and saw John Mathie strike him.
Imprisonment for Disobedience to Citation. — July 15, 1581.
Forasmeikle as sundry are charged by the officer of the As
sembly, and disobey, to the great hindrance of the disciphne,
therefore it is concluded by the Minister and haill Assembly
that all persons, being warned, and not compearing, shall be
put in ward, there to remain ay and until they pay such
penalty as the Assembly shall think expedient ; and in ease it
be not an ordinary day of the Assembly, it shall be lawful to
the Minister to send for three or four of the Elders, as he
thinks expedient, to prescribe tlie sum of the penalty, according
to the fault, for deliverance ofthe ])erson that is in ward.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 139
A Concealer of Female Frailty. — July 24, 1581. Ordains
the Bailies to puind WiUiam Ross, tailor, or to put him in
ward, ay and until he pay thirteen shillings four pennies
(Scots, or Is. Id. sterling) to the poor, conform to the Act
concerning them that receive fornicators into their houses, and
do not show the Kirk thereof, because Margaret Giffan, his
servant, confesses that she came with bairn to his house at
Fasten's Even, and remained there until Whitsunday last.
Nursing a Respite to Frailty. — Jitly 31, 1581. Compeared
Janet Anderson, and confessed her fornication with Andrew
Auld, maltman, and therefor submits herself to the discipline
of the Kirk ; she confessed that she was delivered in the first
week of Lentron, and that the bairn departed, through fault,
without baptism. And because the said Janet is nutrix to
Andrew Bowie, who may not guidly spare her to do her
repentance at the present for trusall (losing) of his bairn, he
is become acted as cautioner to enter her to the Kirk and
discipline thereof whensoever tlje Assembly charges him thereto,
under the pain of L.IO (Scots, or 16s. 8d. sterling) to the
poor, and she to relieve him.
Scolding. — Jidy 31, 1581. It is ordained by the haUl
Assembly that every flyter convicted of flyting shall pay ane
half merk to the poor, shall stand upon the Cross-head and
make their pubhc repentance for satisfaction of the Kirk and
party. Ordains James Walker, flesher, to pay six shUhngs
eight pennies (Scots, or sixpence sterling) to the poor, because
John Lawrenston has proved the contents of his bill against
him ; and also ordains the said James to stand two hours on
the Cross-head on ane mercat-day, or then (else) to pay other
six shillings eight pennies to the poor, and to compear before
the Minister on Sunday next in that place of repentance ap
pointed for such, and there ask God forgiveness and the said
John ; for the performance of the whilk ordains him to be put
in ward ay and until he find caution to do the same.
An Admonition. — July 31, 1581. Violet Doig, the spouse
of Thomas Bishop, being accused of ane constant suspicion
by her neighbours betwixt her and one called Edward Dalyell,
servant to the Laird of Clackmannan, alleged bearing company
with the said Edward, in drinking at ten or eleven hours at even,

1 40 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
has obliged herself, if ever she be found either with him or any
other suspected person, in any time hereafter at such time of
night, to submit her (self) to the discipline of the Church.
Marriage Parties limited. — August 21, 1581. The Elders
finding and perceiving great abuse to ensue in contracts of
marriage by the resorting and convening of many people
with the persons who are contracted, wherethrough great
perturbation not only is found in the assembly, but also in
banqueting these ; therefore the Elders have ordained that
the parties come accompanied with six persons, every one of
them the nearest of kin, and no more ; and if they contravene
the said act, the said banns and parties are to be rejected.
A Paramour. — September 11, 1581. The greatest part of
the Assembly present ordains Jean Thornton* to be warned
this day eight days, to hear witnesses sworn and admitted.
November 5, 1581- — Ordains Oliver Peebles | to compear this
day eight days, to hear his appellation admitted, according to
the act of the General Assembly, | in the action of his wife's
(Jean Thornton) slander. November 20, 1581 — The Minister
and Elders think Maty Guthry's § bill proven, and ordain the
act of flyting to be put in execution against Jean Thornton,
as it has been of before against others in all points. Novem
ber 21 — Compeared the BaUies, and promised to put Jean
Thornton's act in execution against her; whereupon Oliver
Peebles took an act, and protested that if she be hurt by them
he will sue for remeid. ||
* Jean Thornton was the wife of Oliver Peebles, and was accused of criminal
intercourse with Henry Adamson, already mentioned as one of the Elders.
He was present when she was cited, but it appears their Honours of the
•• Assembly" were not unanimous. We shall soon hear more of this profligate
woman, whose conduct kept Perth in a ferment.
¦\- Oliver Peebles, who was one of the To^wn-Council and an " Elder," was
proprietor of Chapelhill. His name is in the list of Elders at the commence
ment of these extracts in 1577. His son, Alexander Peebles of Chapelhill,
was several times Provost of Perth in the following century.
X This General Assembly was held at Edinburgh on the 17th of October
1581. § Maty or Martha Guthry was afterwards the wife of Mr Patrick Galloway,
sometime Minister of Perth.
II This determination of Oliver Peebles to protect his wife evidently
intimates that at the time he had no suspicion of her improper intercourse
with Henry Adamson, or at least that he gave no credit to the rumour.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 141
St Obert's Players. — December 25, 1581. Whilk day
the Minister and Elders presently convened, considering the
idolatrous pastimes of sundry insolent yomig men, in playing
of St Obert's play, to the great grief of the conscience of the
the faithful, and infamous slander of the haill congregation
throughout the haill country, have ordained, for present pun
ishment of the same, and such like idolatrous pastime in times
coming, that Walter Johnstone, Henry Hall, John Martin,
James Ferguson, Robert Ferrier, Andrew Carmichael, Robert
Tod, William Mortimer, Patrick Henry, with all the rest,
shall be put in ward, therein to remain unreleased until every
one of them shall have paid twenty shillings (Scots) to the
poor ; farther, that they shall put themselves in the seat of
repentance, there to remain the Sabbath-day in time of the
sermon ; attour, that they shall find caution under the pain
of L.IO (Scots), and doubling of the former punishment, so
oft as ever they offend therein, never to do the like in time
coming. And if any of the foresaids be not responsible* for
the twenty shillings, they shall stand in the irons on the Cross-
head two hours on an mercat-day, for that part ; and this act
to be extended upon all such like idolatrous players and
observers of such like superstitious days in times to come
without exception.
Negligent Magistrates. — January 29, 1581-2. Foras
meikle as Dionysius Blackwood has been oft and divers times
charged to satisfy the will of the Kirk, and was disobedient,
and therefore was given over into the Bailies' hands to take
order with him for his disobedience, and nevertheless the
Bailies are altogether slothful and negligent, and will not
take the order therewith, therefore the Assembly ordains the
Minister to give the said Dionysius admonition for his dis
obedience. Ordains the same act to be used against St Obert's
Players which is made against Dionysius Blackwood.
A Witch. — February 12, 1581-2. Ordains the woman in
the Meal Vennel suspected of witchcraft to be warned against
this day eight days.
An Extraordinary Disclosure. — Upon the 21st day of this
instant of February 1580-1, Maige (Mause) Mertyne being
* Unable to pay Is. 8d. sterling.

142 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
put in the tower above the north kirk door for concealing and
holding the truth in the action of M'Walter being an adulterer
with Maige Paterson, as was alleged before Duncan M'GregOr,
Elder for the present, Andrew Blythman, kirk-master, and
John Ronaldson, officer, she depones that Maige Paterson
sent her about M'Walter to his own house, desiring her to
bring him to her mother's house, that the said Maige Paterson
and he might forgadder there ; but she would not, but
brought him to the said Maige's father's house ; and he being
brought there, after that they had drank out the ale that was
left over Maige's father's supper, they sent her (Maige
Mertyne) about ane other pint of ale, and she being gone to
the door, Maige Paterson being naked, her father sleeping,
M'Walter with her put out the light, and in the mean time
she heard the said Maige Paterson say to M'Walter that the
morn they would thole meikle shame for the thing they were
doing, and she said that they would thole meikle shame for it
on the morn. And in the mean time M' Walter's wife came, and
when Maige Paterson saw her she put M'Walter up a trap to
a loft, and his wife perceiving that trailed liim down the trap,
and fell to the said Maige (Paterson), and rave (tore) her face
and her luggs (ears), and so there was sic tumult amongst
them that Alexander Maize's wife came furth with her maiden,
and Henry with a cruise in his hand to see the matter.
Ante-Nuptial Immorality. — March 5, 1581-2. Compeared
Peter Jackson and Janet Irvine, desiring their banns to be
proclaimed, and before it was granted they confessed their
fornication mutual, for the which they submitted themselves .
to the discipline of the Kirk, and they find John Robertson
cautioner, first, for the fornication by -past; secondly, for
performing of the marriage ; thirdly, for abstaining from the
baring of carnaU deaU with (each) other before their marriage.
For the relief of the said John Robertson, Stephen Fyfe has
obliged himself. Term, twenty days after Pasce. *
Penance. — March 12, 1581-2. Compears Bessy Glass,
spouse to William Duncan, and being accused, first, of ig
norance of the principles of religion, and therefore thought
unworthy of being admitted to the Supper of the Lord ;
"* Or Pasch, the Sunday before Easter.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 143
secondly, for not frequenting the kirk on the Sabbath-day ;
thirdly, for resorting to common taverns, and filthy speaking
before all kinds of men in the same, so as to be a pubhc
slander to the haill town ; Therefore it is ordained, first,
that she shall be every day an hour before noon hearing the
examination public in the kirk in the rudiments of religion,
and so learn ; secondly, that she shall be every Sabbath-day
twice in the day to hear the preaching; thirdly, that she shall
never be found in a common tavern either dancing, or speaking
filthy and slanderous talk, under pain of public repentance on
the seat for the first fault; for the second fault, if she be found
doing so again, she shaU pay twenty shillings (Scots) to the
poor, shall stand ane hour in the irons on the Cross-head on
ane mercat-day, and be on the public stool of repentance ;
and in the mean time she is to find caution to fulfil the
premises. Compears William Tyrie, younger, and offers
himself for the relief of Bessy Glass out of ward, for fulfilling
of the premises contained in the foresaid act, or else so oft as
she shall be found culpable in any of the foresaid points of
the .ordinance made against her, he shall present her to the
Kirk under the pain of L.IO (Scots) to the poor, ay and until
he be delivered of his cautionry ; providing always that the
said William Duncan (her husband) be his relief as he has
offered ; and upon his offer she is let out of ward.
Summary Punishment. — March 12, 1581. Ordains Diony
sius Blackwood with expedition to be put upon the Cross-head
the next mercat-day, there to stand four hours locked in the
irons, for his double fornication, and thereafter to be presented
to the Kirk ; and this ordinance to be given to the Bailie of
his own quarter to be put to execution, and he refusing to
execute the same, it is ordained to be delivered to Oliver
Peebles, Bailie. March 22 — Whilk day Dionysius Blackwood
being presented before the Ministers and Elders, and accused
why he would not have the bairn gotten in fornication with
Violet Hillock, he denied the same ; yet notwithstanding, his
defences being heard, the Assembly thought them not relevant.
And therefore the said Violet being sworn, and deponing that
in the getting of that bairn she never knew one but Dionysius,
the Assembly with one voice concluded that the bairn is the

144 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
said Dionysius', and burdens him to present the child to
baptism, and to sustain the same for his own part.
Another Offender. — April 2, 1582. Christian Williamson,
fornicatrix, ordained to be put in the tower above the north
kirk door.*
The Earl of Gowrie's Timber stolen. — April 16, 1582.
Ordains Thomas Mar to prove Robert Martin to be the
stealer of My Lord's timber against this day twenty days.
May I'I — Forasmeikle as the Minister and Elders, perceiving
that the actions intended before them by Robert Mar, wright,
and Adam Blithe on the one part, against Robert Martin alias
Maxwell in the Wood-End, f are perjury and theft, which are
actions not pertaining to the ecclesiastical senate, they find
themselves not judges competent to the same ; therefore, with
one consent they refer the said actions to the Baihes as judges
ordinary to the same.
Daily Aliment for a Witch. — April 16, 1582. Ordains
James Syme (box-master) to give the witch in the Tolbooth
eight doits in the day.|
A Confession. — May 14, 1582. Compears Isabel Paterson,
and confesses her fornication with Walter Chalmers, dwelling
with the Prior of Charterhouse § quartered (residing) in Alex
ander Chalmers' house, burgess in Perth. The time of their
carnal deall was first at Martinmas last bypast, and the last was
eight days thereafter, in anno 1581. For the which fault she
submits herself to the discipline of the Kirk, and therefore is
ordained to be put in the ward of the fornicators above the
north kirk door.

¦* This was kno^wn as Halkerston's Tower, and was a very ancient building,
which the Kirk-Session constituted a prison for those whom they committed,
as more convenient than the Tolbooth.
+ On the opposite side of the Tay on .j,he shore between Kinnoull parish
church and Kinfauns Castle.
X The Kirk-Session made a show of mock humanity in this case, as eight
doits amounted to the liberal sum of eight-twelfths of a penny sterling !
§ After the demolition of the Charterhouse, or Carthusian Monastery, at
Perth, the title of Prior, with some rents, and the privilege of voting in
Parliament, was granted by the Crown to several lay persons. The Prior of
the Charterhouse here mentioned was probably James Balfour, who is so
designated on the 17th of November 1594.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 145
An Inefficieiit Precentor. — July 2, 1582. Whilk day,
forasmeikle as John Swinton, master of the Sang School, is
found not qualified for that office, and is guilty of divers other
faults disagreeing in the person of him who has office in the
Kirk of God, it was ordained that he should on no ways
pretend to such an office in time coming, or yet should take
up the Psalm in the kirk. *
Assault and Slander. — Jidy 9, 1582. Whilk day James
Lawson's action of slander intended by him against John
Shepherd and his wife was brought before the Assembly, but
the ground of the slander being ryped out (investigated),
it was found to proceed of the shedding of blood. It was
delayed till order first should be taken with (the shedding
of) blood by ciril judges, and thereafter justice should be
ministered for the slandering of the said James.
An Unfortuncde Husband. — August 13, 1582. Compears
Ohver Peebles, and gives in ane biU of complaint against
Henry Adamson ; and to the effect the order may be observed,
he has found WiUiam Monipenny f willingly caution, under
the pain of five hundred merks (Scots, or L.27:15:6 sterling),
to be given to the Hospital, that he shall prove the bill, and
Oliver on the other part has promised to relieve him. Com
pears Ohver Peebles, and takes an act that the Minister and
Elders denied to give him justice, by reason they driflet
(delayed) time. Ordains Henry Adamson to be warned against
this day eight days. August 20 — Compears John Peebles,
and desires the Bailies, seeing that Henry Adamson was in
hands, to put him in firm ward, ay and until he find caution
to be answerable to the laws, seeing that his brother Oliver
Peebles found caution, under the pain of five hundred merks,
to pursue the said Henry criminally, but no answer was given
by them unto the said John. Whilk day the Elders presently
convened, perceiving Henry Adamson to desire ane copy of
the bill given in by Oliver Peebles against him, think that
forasmeikle as no preparative (precedent) has been before to
* In addition to this functionary's deficiencies, though he was continued in
his office, he was an immoral person. See the date, April 11, 1586.
f Evidently a relation of Thomas Monipenny, younger, mentioned under
date 21st AprU 1578. 10

146 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
give ane copy of any biU given in before them, they think
he should have no copy of the said bill, but should answer
presently yea or nay ; which he being caUed in again, refused
to do, and answered he would neither answer affirmative
or negative except he received the copy of the bill given by
the said Oliver against him. Compears Jean Thornton, and,
uncompelled, confesses that Henry Adamson has pursued* her
more than these nine years, but he had never to do with her
but within this towmond (twelve months), and the first time
was the last night of the last watch, in her own house, at ten
hours at even, she sitting at the fireside drying some clothes,
her goodman being at the watch, on the kist (chest) before
her bedside, nobody being present but his man at the door
without, and her woman (servant) being forth ; secondly, in
his own barn, on a Saturday before noon, she going torrel
myln* passed in with him, and steikit the door after them,
herself standing without at the door; thirdly, in her own
coal-cellar, on a night at even, her goodman being therein,
who sent her to Alexander Williamson's house, and going forth
she met Henry (Adamson) standing under the stair in the
Southgate, and returned with him to the cellar ; fourthly, in
the said Henry's yard, four days before his bairn died ; and
never sensyne (since), nor before, had she to do with him. The
haill Elders, being present for the time, ordain Oliver Peebles
to find sufficient caution that Jean shall be answerable to the
discipline of the Kirk, to be punished as an adulteress, in
respect of her own confession, and ordain her to make her
repentance. Ordains Henry Adamson to be warned against
this day eight days. August 27 — Whilk day compears Henry
Adamson, and alleges there are two parts in the bill given in
by Oliver Peebles against him ; the one containing the fact of
adultery committed by him with the said Oliver's vrife, (which)
he simpliciter denies ; the second is, the slander, which he
* This profligate and abandoned woman means that Henry Adamson had
been for upwards of nine years importuning her to yield to his criminal desires.
Mr Adamson was a precious specimen of an " Elder." The confession of Jean
Thornton, otherwise Mrs Peebles, is most disgusting, but it is here purposely
inserted as one of the many instances of the immorality which prevailed in
Scotland after the Reformation.
+ SiciuMS.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 147
alleges is unjust, and that it is he that is slandered if any be
slandered, and he protests for remeid in case he be absolved.*
Nevertheless, he, being desired to oppose against the said
Oliver's witnesses in respect of his denial, admitted thirteen
of the said -witnesses hereafter specified, of the which witnesses
so many as were present deponed as foUows : — Robert Hally
confesses that Jean Thornton, spouse to Oliver Peebles, cried
hun off the gate (street) on ane Sunday, and bid him tell
Henry Adamson, Dean of GuUd, to come and give her ane
choppin of wine, for she had some secret to tell him, who did
as the said Jean commanded him; which thing (Jean Thornton's
message) when the said Henry heard, he bid him speir (ask)
at Jean what place he should come to give her the choppin
of wine; who coming to speir at Jean of the place where
they (she and Henry Adamson) should meet, met with her
in the kirk-yard, and did as he was commanded by Henry,
and she bid him tell Henry to come to Elspeth Ramsay's.
And being demanded if Henry came to the said Elspeth's,
confesses that Henry came that Sunday afternoon, but that
he spake not with Jean at that time, for, while he was going
up the stair, the said OUver coming through the kirk-yard,
and he sUpped his way (retired from the place), and in the
meantime he said — "Yonder is Oliver coming." Moreover,
he (HaUy) confesses that Henry Adamson and Jean Thornton
were another time in Elspeth Ramsay's, he being with them,
together with Donald Baron of Carquhom, Patrick Malloch
and his wife, and that they had ane pint of wine and ane
quart of ale. Secondly, he being demanded if he was with
them in any other place, confesses that he was with them in
Alexander Anderson's cellar beneath the Cross, at the cellar-
door-cheek, the goodwife, her daughter, the aquavitas-man ( ! ),
with others of his servants, being present. for the time; and
another time in that same house, he grants that they were in
ane high chamber, the goodwife and he being present. And
he being inquired if he left them in any house by themselves,
or if he was sent forth any errand from them, declares on his
conscience he never left them, nor was sent from them, except
it was to the house they were in, to bring a piece bread to
* Found innocent.

148 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
Henry and Jean to drink withaU. Thirdly, confesses they
were in WilUam Adamson's (house) another time, he being
with them, but that their haiU speech, wherever he was with
them, was about Dionysius Conqueror's matter that he had
to do with Oliver Peebles. And, last of aU, he being demanded
if he ever brought any letters or bills from the said Henry to
Jean, he answered it might well have been that he brought
bills from the said Henry to Jean, but in his conscience
whether he brought bUls or not he remembers not at this
present. — Thomas Clerk, admitted and sworn, says nothing.
Thomas Dalgliesh, admitted and sworn, says nothing. — Alex
ander Shepherd, admitted and sworn, depones, that Henry
Adamson has sundry and divers times come to him to speir
for Ohver Peebles, Bailie, and sometimes he has seen him go
into Oliver's house when Oliver was therein, and sometimes
when he was not therein, but how long he would remain he
knows not. — Alexander Currie, admitted and sworn, says
nothing. The rest of the witnesses were absent that were
admitted. Septemher 3 — Continues the action intended by
Oliver Peebles, BaiUe, against Henry Adamson, Dean of Guild,
until the morn (morrow) after the prayers, the Elders being
warned apud acta, together with the witnesses, in the said
action. Septemher 4 — Whilk day, in the action intended by
Oliver Peebles against Henry Adamson, the parties being
present, thir -witnesses after specified were admitted, sworn,
and deponed, to-wit, David Sibbald, James Hardie, David
Brown, his wife Catherine Nicolson, and Elspith Ramsay.
Refers the action intended by Oliver Peebles against the said
Henry till Monday next. September 10 — Whilk day the
Minister and Elders, being resolved of the two oppositions,
Henry Adamson opponed against some of Oliver Peebles' wit
nesses, concluded with one voice, first, that famous (respectable)
women ought to bear witness in any matter that comes before
them, and their testimony received so far as the law permits ;
secondly, that those whom the party offender has under labouris
may be received, provided that the labouris has been taken of
such persons as are called to be witnesses after the action has
been intended wherein they are called to be witnesses. Whilk
day compeared Henry Adamson, and under protestation, as of

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 1 49
before, not admitting the Ministers and Elders judges (to be)
competent, and admits the witnesses after specified. *
A Savage Husband. — September 10, 1582. Compeared
Darid Gray's wife, and complained upon her husband that he
kept not his own house, but was an adulterer with Donald
Thomson's wife, and when she was reproving him (for) being
in Donald's house at midnight, and before sundry neighbours,
he came home immediately thereafter, and bound her hands
and feet, and took the stenchal of ane window, and laying her
on a stool broke her legs, arms, and shoulders, which she
shewed before the Assembly, and the neighbours testified.
He is ordained to be warded, and to sustain an inquest of
neighbours. |
Children to be Fined. — September 17, 1582. Ordains that
all bairns that perturb the kirk in time of preaching or
prayers shaU be awarded ay and until they pay six shilhngs
eight pennies (Scots, or sixpence sterling.)
A Conditional Exemption. — Septemher 24, 1582. Whilk
day, the Minister and Elders being present, compears Robert
Makison, who confesses his fornication with Violet Purvis,
and submits himself to the discipline of the Kirk. Therefore
it is ordained that he should enter into ward as a fornicator,
to be punished, or else to pay L.4 (Scots, or 6s. 8d. sterling)
for dispensation from the ward and Cross-head, or else to pay
forty shillings (Scots, or 3s. 4d. sterling) for dispensation from
the Cross-head, and to enter his person in ward this day
eight days.
* Mr Scott observes — " This famous process between Oliver Peebles, Bailie,
and the Dean of Guild, was carried on before the (Kirk) Session some time
longer; but though many -witnesses were examined, one of whom was the
old nurse of Oliver Peebles, the particulars of their depositions were not set
down in the Register. It would appear that the (Kirk) Session found the
libel against Henry Adamson not proven, as they only censured Jean Thornton
according to her o-wn confession, that is, as guilty according to her o-wn
allegation with Henry Adamson." Jean Thornton, who, in addition to her
other enormities, was a drunkard, was ordered to be excommunicated on the
20th of November 1582. At that time she had been married to Oliver Peebles
upwards of eighteen years.
f David Gray, the perpetrator of this outrage, was executed about two years
afterwards with his paramour for adultery. See the date, 24th August 1584,
for another instance of the licentiousness of this wretched man.

150 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
A Troublesome Offerider.— November 12, 1582. Whilk day
Margaret Gibson appeared, and being accused of her own
harlotry, and, secondly, of the burying of infants unbaptized
without the knowledge of Nicol, * or of the bellman : ordains
the BaUies to put their Act to execution made concerning the
removal of Margaret Gibson within eighteen hours, t
Punishment of Delinquents. — November 20, 1582. Ordains
John Ronaldson,! having (in custody) fornicators, to put every
one of them in an sundry house (separate apartments) in time
coming, to give them but (only) bread and small drink, to let
none of them come to the nether window, and when they
come to the Cross-head they shall be fast locked in the irons
two hours, their curchies§ off, their heads and their faces bare,
without ane plaid or any other covering, under pain of tinsall
(loss) of his office. II
Suicide. — December 3, 1582. Whilk day the friends of
William Fary, who drowned himself at the head of the South
Inch in the Water of Tay, coming to the Minister and Elders,
convened together for the time in their revestry, and desiring
license at the Assembly to bury the said Wilham in the
Greyfriars', which is the burial (place) appointed for the faithful
that depart in the fear of God ; the Assembly answered with one
voice that they would not suffer him to be brought through the
town in daylight, neither yet to be buried among the faithful
in the place appointed for their burial, but ordain that he shall
be buried in the Little Inch within the Water; IT and this to
have the force of an Act to such persons in aU time coming,
* This man was the grave-digger.
+ It seems that this woman persisted in inhabiting a house in the Greyfriars'
Yard, in defiance of the To-wn-Council and Kirk-Session. As that yard was
also the common burying-ground, her facility for interring unbaptized infants
is explained.X John Ronaldson was the " officer" or beadle of the Kirk-Session.
§ Caps, Scottice mutches. This intimates that the delinquents -were females.
II Mr Scott observes, that notwithstanding the severe proceedings of the
Kirk-Session against immoral persons, their " number was stiU amazingly
great ; the common prison must have been often filled with them, and with
other persons committed by the (Kirk) Session, when no doubt revellings and
other indecencies would be practised."
U A former islet in the Tay, east of the Penitentiary, between that edifice
and the river.

THE KIRK-.SESSION REGISTER. 151
and assuring all that if any contravene the same, the dead
shall be taken up again, and the contraveners hereof shall make
their public repentance upon the seat, and thereafter shall pay
L.IO (Scots, or 16s. 8d. sterhng), to be given to one of the
Deacons, that they may distribute it to the poor.
Idlers in time of Sermon to he punished. — January 8, 1582-3.
WhUk day the Minister and Elders being convened, it was
ordained that an Elder of every quarter of the town shall pass
through the same every Sunday in time of preaching before
noon then time about, and note them that are found in taverns,
baxters' booths, or on the gates (streets), and delate them to
the Assembly, that every one that is absent from the kirk
may be puinded for twenty shiUings, according to the Act of
Parliament.* An old Acquaintance. — January 29, 1582-3. Whilk day
Jean Thornton being accused, first, for her absence from the
stool of repentance on Sunday last past; secondly, for slandering
of honest men and women in this town, alleging them more
guUty of adultery than she was ; thirdly, of evU speaking on the
stool of repentance ; fourthly, of fearful execrations used by her
the night the bridge fell, f She denied the whole, except the
first, riz. her absence from the stool, at which time she was sick,
as she alleged. Nevertheless the Assembly shaU take to prove
the rest of the points of her accusation this day eight days.
A Negligent Bellman. — February 18, 1582-3. Ordains that
Nicol (Ronaldson), bellman, shaU do his duty in all things in
ringing of the bells in due time, and keeping of the kirk,
under the pain of deprivation.
¦* The Parliament held at Edinburgh, 20th October 1579, passed an Act
entitled " Discharge of mercats, and labouring on Sabbath-days, or playing
and drinking in time of sermon." Mr Scott records that this practice of the
Elders perambulating the streets of the Fair City during the preaching, and
apprehending all whom they found absent from the sermon, was in operation
iu November 1775.
-|- Five arches of this bridge, which was thrown over the Tay almost on
a line with the present High Street or North Street, fell on the night of
January 14, 1582-3. Three arches had fallen on the 20th of December 1573,
two others on the 24th of December 1689, and, though those disasters were
repaired, the whole fell, with the exception of one arch, in 1621, after which
the citizens of Perth were minus of a bridge, and were obliged to be content
with ferry boats for upwards of a century and a half

152 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
Cautioner for Slander. — March 15, 1582-3. Whilk day
the Minister and Elders being present, it was ordained that
the Act made in Mr James Smith's (Reader) time against Jean
Thornton should be put in execution against herself and her
cautioner, for her wicked and ungodly slander committed
anew against Matty Guthrie against her promise.*
The Precentor admonished. — July 29, 1583. Ordains John
Swinton (precentor), first, to keep only the tenor in the Psalm,
secondly, to help and sustain his bairn, under the pain of
deprivation from his office.
An old Acquaintance to be excommunicated. — October 14,
1583. Whilk day the haill Elders in one voice appoint the
excommunicating of Jean Thornton by Mr Patrick GaUoway,
for her adultery confessed, and by reason of her obstinate
disobedience to the voice of the Kirk.
Another Delinquent. — December 22, 1583. Compears Wil
liam Gray, and confesses his fornication ¦with Agnes Fulton, and
finds William Ross at the Charterhouse-gate cautioner that he
shall enter this day eight days to his repentance.
Absence from Sermon. — Same date. Whilk day, forasmeikle
as Margaret Smith, spouse to George Hunter, absented herself
from the kirk in time of sermon this year bygone, but espe
ciaUy in the time of public fasting, therefore she is ordained
to pay L.3 (Scots, or five shilling^ sterling) for her absence
commonly from the kirk in time of fasting, and to be warded
until she find caution, under the pain of paying of the ex
tremity of the Act of Parliament made thereanent, if she be
found absent in any time coming, who found John Donaldson,
tailor, cautioner for the same, George Hunter, her husband,
* Jean Thornton's " slander " had probably some very significant reference
to the intended marriage of " Matty " to Mr Patrick Galloway. Ou the 21st
of April it was reported to the Kirk -Session by Mr Galloway and his sweet
heart that they wished their banns to be proclaimed, preparatory to their
marriage in summer, and it is curious that Oliver Peebles was cautioner or
security for the lady that she would fulfil the contract on her part. This
marriage is altogether omitted in Wood's edition of Douglas' Peerage of
Scotland, under the title of Galloway Lokb Dunkeld, the son of Mr Patrick
Galloway. The only wife of Mr Galloway, the mother of Lord Dunkeld, is
there stated to have been Mary, daughter of Mr James Lawson, the friend
and successor of John Knox as Minister of Edinburgh.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 153
relieving hun as he promised to do, and farther promised to
give the sum laid to her charge whenever she should be
required thereto.
A Disobedient Step-Son. — January 20, 1583-4. Whilk day
compeared Walter Bog, and being accused of cursings and
biting his mother-in-law to the effusion of her blood, and by
the testimony of three honest men, admitted and sworn
witnesses, convicted of the same, he was ordained by the
uniform consent of the Minister and Elders to satisfy the Kirk
in fulfUling the haill points of repentance prescribed in the
Book of Discipline* to an adulterer or homicide, and publicly
to crave pardon of his mother-in-law in presence of the haill
congregation in the kirk, and in the Common Vennel, where
he committed the offence, and to pay ane certain penalty to
the poor ; and farther, desire the Bailies and Civil Magistrate
to take order with him for punishing his person civiUy, in
respect his offence and fault is judged by the Book of God
heinous, and worthy of the dead (death), as weU as adultery
and homicide ; and, moreover, that his father provide for him
hereafter, that he be not found to molest her by word or deed,
which if it be done, his father and he both shall be subjected
to ecclesiastical and civil censures extremely; and ordains this
Act to have place in all such like crimes hereafter, and to be
extended ahke on all such persons.
Concealers of Immorality. — February 1, 1583-4. Whilk
day, forasmeikle as fornication does abound within this burgh
of Perth without any kind of punishment, by reason that the
offenders, so soon as they know themselves to be with bairn,
eschew from the officer of the kirk when he comes to charge
them, and so no order can be taken with them except they be
presented by their masters in whose house and under whom
they dwell ; therefore it is ordained that aU masters, mistresses,
and men, with whom and under whom they dwell, shaU make
intimation to the officer of the kirk, that they may be charged
by him to compear before the Assembly, according to order,
under the pain of paying thirteen shiUings four pennies (Scots,
or Is. Id. sterhng) by them that contravene the same ; and
* The First Book of Discipline, compiled and produced in 1560.

154 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
sichke that themselves (the accused persons) shall present
themselves before the Minister and Elders on an ordinary day
of Assembly, under the pain of forty shillings (Scots) to the
poor. Mr Patrick Galloway, Minister, iiisulted in St John's
Church. — March 30, 1584. Whilk day the Minister accusing
Thomas Anderson, alias Turner, before my Lord Go'wrie * and
the Elders for interrupting of the Psalm, and speaking in tune
ofthe sermon, and after sermon immediately calling his Minister
a drunken minister, he (the said Thomas) declined from the
judgment of the Minister because he was a party; yet he,
giving injurious talk to the Minister, was commanded by my
Lord Gowrie to be put in fast ward tiU he find caution to
answer the Kirk, f
An Illegitimate Child. — July 7, 1584. WhUk day Robert
Combshank, having referred it to Janet Grant's oath whether
the bairn she had borne was his, and she having sworn that it
was his only, he took with the bairn, \ and desired baptism to
it, which desire was granted, provided he and she should find
caution to satisfy the will of the Kirk. He procured George
Mathew to be cautioner for him, and Mr Henry Anderson § to
be cautioner for her, so the bairn was baptized in presence of
the Elders and the congregation.
Remarkable Le^ncy to Offenders. — August 24, 1584. WhUk
day William Hall and Adam Anderson, BaUies, John David
son, Elder, John Laurie, Andrew Mercer, Andrew Donaldson,
* William first Earl of Gowrie was at the time Provost of Perth.
+ Mr Patrick Galloway was a few weeks afterwards compelled to take
refuge - in England for various seditious practices. He was particularly
intimate with the Earl of Gowrie, was connected with or had knowledge of
the Raid of Ruthven, and of the proposed plan of surprising Stirling Castle.
Notwithstanding the -wrath of James VI. against him, he was soon permitted
to return to Perth, and became a peculiar favourite of the King.
X Acknowledged himself to be the father of the child.
§ Henry Anderson, or Mr Henry Anderson, as he is called, who is men
tioned in the most laudatory style in the preliminary verses to his nephew
Adamson's metrical history of Perth, was a merchant in the " Fair City." He
had received an academical education, and took the degree of Master of Arts.
Anderson was a man of leaming, and resided some years in Italy, at his
return from which country he was chosen a Magistrate of Perth in 1611.
When James VI. visited Perth in 1617, he was addressed in a Latin poem by
Anderson, published in " The Muses' Welcome to King James the Sixth."

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 155
Andrew Johnston, and Walter Elder, Elders, being assem
bled together with the Reader, in the absence of Mr Patrick
Galloway, Minister, understanding by report of neighbours
the filthy communication in adultery of David Gray, spouse
to Elizabeth Campbell, and (of) Helen Watson, spouse to John
Stevenson, concluded to go and take them, and put them to
an inquest; who, passing, found the said Helen at home in her
bed, lying in the brew-house, being full of blue and bloody
strokes, and being demanded who handled her so, she answered
that the said David did it because he had not got his wiU of
her ; yet being brought forth to ward, the neighbours testified
that the said David cohabited with her as man and vrife; so,
she being had to ward, they passed, and took the said David,
desiring the Bailies to put them to an inquest. Compeared
Dionysius Conqueror, offering uncompelled to be cautioner,*
under the pain of L.lOO (Scots, or L.8 : 6 : 8 sterling), that David
Gray should never abuse himself again, neither be found in
suspected places, neither -with Helen Watson, nor yet with no
other, in time coming, upon the which they were both relieved.f
Regulations for Baptism. — October 25, 1584. It was also
ordained that no bairn should be baptized off ane preaching
day, except the midwife declared on her conscience that the
bairn was weak to whom the parents desired baptism ; and in
case any bairns were gotten in fornication, it was ordained, in
respect the offenders cannot satisfy by reason of the plague, %
that before the bairns be baptized the silver (siUer ?) shaU be
deUvered to one of the Deacons which fornicators ought to
pay, according to former Acts.
No Altercation to be alloived in the Kirk-Session. — December
14, 1584. Whilk day the Minister § and Elders being convened,
* And yet Dionysius Conqueror, who voluntarily became security for this
vUlain, was elected one of the " pious" fraternity of Elders on the foUowing
18th of October. It will be immediately seen that David Gray and his
paramour soon suffered the last penalty of the law.
+ Mr Scott remarks on this disgusting case—" Persons guUty of adultery
had not, in the former state of the (Kirk) Session, been in use to get free so
easily." X An epidemic caUed the plague was that year making havoc in Perth.
§ This " Minister" was Mr John Howison, who had been compelled to
leave Cambuslang, in Lanarkshire, by order of the Govemment, and who
officiated at Perth in the absence of Mr Patrick GaUoway.

156 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
it was ordained that no particular of any man's should be
casten in to trouble the Assembly, under the pain of five
shilhngs (Scots, or five pence sterling.)
Extraordinary Depravity. — January 5, 1584-5. Whilk
day the Minister, Dionysius Conqueror, Andrew Stoup, Wil
liam Hall, Blais Colt, Adam Anderson, Duncan Robertson,
and Constantine Meliss, Elders, being convened for the time,
compeared Helen Watson, spouse to John Stevenson, and
being accused of adultery committed by her -with David Gray,
spouse to Elspith Campbell, confesses that on Tuesday at
even, which was the 29th of December, she was taken out of
David Gray's house by the watch, nothing being off her save
her courchie, her collar, and sleeves, and the said David was
in his naked bed. And being demanded what she meant to
do, she answered, she meant to sit aU night at the fire with
ane plaid about her head. And being demanded where she
was on Monday at even, she answered she was in KintiUoch,
in one Janet Clerk's house all night, laying and receiring
certain wadds and pledges to her ; and coming home, she met
with the said David bringing ane stoup and pint of ale out
of ane house hard without the Highgate Port-cheek,* who
desired her to go with him, and she obeyed. The Minister, Mr
John Howison, desired Thomas Donaldson, who was minded
to pass to Lochtown, to speir by the way at KintiUoch if there
was ane called Janet Clerk there, and if there was, whether
if Helen Watson was -with her on Monday at even, or not ;
who, after having gone forth and speired, declared on his
conscience that he sought for the said Janet, but could not
find such an one in all the town. Compeared David Gray,
spouse to Elspith Campbell, and, being accused of adultery
with Helen Watson, confesses that he being in his own house
on Tuesday at even, the 29th of December 1584, the said
Helen Watson being ¦with him, but not in the bed, and he
being in his naked bed, Thomas Cock and John and Thomas
Monipenny came and took him and her, and brought them to
ward. And being demanded if he was minded to let her sit
in the chimney-nook all night, answered, nay, for he rose out
of his bed, and took off her courch, and desired her to lie
* Without the High Street, or North Street gate.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 157
down. And being demanded where he met -with her, answered.
Bringing a tin stoup with ale out of WiUiam Gow's, he met
her at Robert Cock's coble store, but he desired her not to
go with him, yet she followed him ; and farther he declared
that he knew not where she had been before. Farther, he
ratified his former confession made by him when he was
reheved by his wife. The Eldership finding their confession
to be divers, and understanding the contrary, delivered them
to Thomas Monypenny, Bailie, desiring him and the rest of
the BaUies, according to God's Law and the laws of the Realm,
to put them to an inquest, referring the witnesses to the trial
of the same ; and for this effect ordained a supplication to be
made to the Bailies.*
Suspected Conjugal Fidelity. — January 18, 1584-5. Whilk
day, in presence ofthe haill Session, compeared James Wallace,
and confessed that his bairn was unbaptized because he
suspected it was not his own ; therefore, first, he is ordained
to have it baptized, because he keeps company with Elspith
Carver his wife; second, he is ordained to resort oftener to the
kirk than he did of before ; third, his wife is admonished that
if she be found in suspect company, then the Kirk will proceed
against her as an adulteress.
Incest. — February 15, 1584—5. Compeared Robert Ander
son, alias Card, and confessed his incest with Margaret Black,
his wife's daughter, who is ordained to make his repentance
therefor, and find caution for an hundred (merks) that he shall
continue therein, who found William Anderson and Chrystie
White cautioners to obey whatever punishment the Kirk
should enjoin to him.
A Woman bound to her good Behaviour. — March 29, 1585.
Compeared Isabel Wenton, and found John Wenton cautioner
under the pain of L.lOO (Scots), first, that she should keep
preaching and prayers in all time coming, especially on
Thursday and Sunday ; second, that she should hve in peace
with her neighbours, especiaUy with Walter Elder and his
-* The Bailies, in compliance with the supplication or petition of the Elders,
tried the accused parties, and the result is thus marked in the Register, in
a marginal note : — "David Gray and Helen Watson were execute the 12th
day of January 1584-5, for their adultery, on the gibbet beneath the Cross,
foreanent her mother's yett."

158 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
servants ; thirdly, that in all time coming she should be
obedient to her husband, according to God's commandment.
And John Elder her husband received her again, and obhged
himself to relieve the said John Wenton.
An Excommunication. — April 12, 1585. WhUk day I,
John Howyson, Minister of God's Word for the time at Perth,
excommunicate with the grief, sorrow, and dolour of my heart,
Margaret Watson, sometime ane member of the said kirk of
Perth, for double adultery, and two bairns born therein; which
bairns received never the sacrament of baptism, and one of
them she suffered to perish and starve for hunger in the lodges
infected with the pest. For these causes, and also for her
stubborn disobedience to the voice of the Kirk, after many
due admonitions, especially three openly out of the pulpit, the
first admonition the last day of January, the second the seventh
day of February, the third the fourteenth day thereof, being
all Sundays, anno 1584-5 ; as also on the 25th day of March
last bypast, Mr William Cock, Reader, in name of the Kirk,
admonished the said Margaret in the Tolbooth of Perth before
Andrew Stoup, Duncan Robertson, John Strathmiglo, and
Constantine Meliss, Elders, and witnesses to satisfy the Kirk
for her foresaid adultery; the whilk to do she absolutely
refused. I, therefore, pronounced the sentence the 11th day
of April thereafter, anno 1585, before these witnesses, who
were witnesses not only to the pronouncing of the sentence,
but also to the admonitions all the three several Sundays, to-
wit, George Johnston, William Fleming, Thomas Monypenny,
and Patrick Blair, Bailies ; Andrew Stoup, Blais Colt, William
Hall, and Duncan Robertson, Elders, with the rest of the haill
congregation. In vritness whereof I have subscribed these
presents with my hand the 12th day of April the year of God
1585. — Mr John Howyson, with my hand.
A Mistake. — May 30, 1585. Compeared Christian Ferguson,
and being suspected of adultery with Wilham Stevenson, con
fessed that the bairn was gotten in William Stevenson's house,
but the bairn was Adam Ferguson's in MuUion, who being in
ward, the Elders, in respect of the vehemence of the pest, and
she being near to be delivered, relieved her out of ward till
the plague ceased, and she were dehvered.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 159
No Carousals at Marriages during the prevalence of the
Plague. — May 24, 1585. It is statute and ordained that
hereafter, induring the time of the plague, no banquets should
be at marriages, and no persons should resort to bridals, under
the pain of L.IO (Scots, or 16s. 8d. sterling), to be paid^by ilk
ane that contravenes the same, and L.40 (Scots, or L.3 : 6 : 8
sterling) to be paid by them that call more than four persons
on the side to the banquet or bridal induring the pest.
A Woman to be ducked. — June 28, 1585. Compeared
Janet Will, and confesses her triple fornication with Andrew
Toshach, who is ordained to be shaven, and ducked according
to the Act of Parliament, yet her ducking is suspended till
she be delivered of her birth.
The Adventures of a Gallant. — July 5, 1585. Forsomeikle
as Thomas Smith confessed his triple fornication with three
sundry women, and now having the last woman with^ bairn
again, it is ordained that he shall be warded, shaven, and
ducked, according to the Act of ParUament. July 17 — Whilk
day the Minister, Adam Anderson, Andrew Stoup, Henry
Lees, John Stramiglo, Constantine Meliss, and Duncan Ro
bertson, Elders, and Wilham Fleming, Bailie, being convened
for the time, understanding that Thomas Smith had broken
the King's ward, and notwithstanding of his grievous offences
would not satisfy the Kirk nor yet obey the Act of Parliament,
to the dishonour of God, contempt of the King's Majesty, and
slander of the Kfrk, ordained Mr John Howyson, Minister, to
admonish Thomas Smith, Margaret Oliphant, and Thomas
Walker, before excommunication, and in case of disobedience
to excommunicate them. It was also ordained that the said
Minister should charge publicly out of the pulpit all that know
of Thomas Smith's waygoing, or are partakers of his crime,
tliat they either advertise himself (the Minister), or the Reader,
as they think best, otherwise, in case that knowledge be gotten
hereafter, they shall be excommunicated and punished according
to the laws of this Realm. July 26— Forsameikle as Barbara
Brown, notwithstanding she was making her repentance for her
fornication with Thomas Smith, yet haunted his company twice
on ane Sunday when she was on the stool, therefore she is
ordained to stand two hours on the Cross-head on ane mercat-

160 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
day locked in the irons ; and if in any time coming she shall be
found in his company, except he marry her, it shaU be repute
for double fornication. August 12— WhUk day forsomeikle
as Thomas Smith, as appeareth by the ingiving of his bUl
before the Session, did offer his repentance for his triple
fornication, wherefore it was concluded to receive his repent
ance, notwithstanding he was publicly admonished in order
to excommunication before that he shewed himself obedient,
providing he satisfy the civil magistrate for breaking of the
King's ward and Acts of Parliament made against fornicators
of the third fault. August 30 — Present the Minister, Adam
Anderson, WiUiam Hall, Thomas Cock, Andrew Stoup, Duncan
Robertson, Constantine Meliss, and John Strathmiglo. Forso
meikle as through the negligence of the Baihes sundry were
not punished that contemned the Kirk and the ordinances
thereof, therefore the Assembly with one voice ordained the
Minister to proceed with admonitions, before excommunication,
against the Baihes, in case they put not the King's Majesty's
Acts of Parliament to execution against Thomas Smith on
Saturday next, and in all time coming against all such public
offenders. And that the Bailies may be foreseen of this or
dinance, the Assembly ordains Dionysius Conqueror and David
Robertson to speak to them, and to report the Bailies' answer
to the Minister on Thursday next, that, in case they do their
duty, he may stay to proceed, otherwise that he give his first
admonition on Thursday next to come, and, in case of disobe
dience, on Sunday come eight days to excommunicate them
without any farther delay. And this Act to have place not
only against the Bailies present, but in case their successors
Bailies do not their duty, that in like manner the Minister of
this congregation shall proceed against them, that good order
may be observed within our burgh, and the Kirk may get
obedience. September 6 — Compeared Thomas Smith, and,
having satisfied the Acts of Parliament, submitted himself
humbly to the Kirk, lamenting his stubbornness, and promised
to satisfy whatsoever the Kirk would lay to his charge.*
* On the 7th of October 1585 occurs this entry in the Register — " Whilk
day Thomas Smith, Rosina Bruce, and Janet Reid, were received by the
Elders as obedient members of Christ's Kirk."

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 161
A Summary Order against Delinquents to pay their Fines
to relieve the Poor who are infected with the Plague. — July
17, 1585. Whilk day the haill Assembly and Session of the
kirk agreed in one voice that so many fornicators as have not
satisfied the Kirk for their offences hitherto, and are rather
wiUing to pay any pecunial sum of money, according to the
Act of Parliament,* than otherwise to satisfy the civU Magis
trate and the Kirk, for relief of the poor, being presently in
great necessity, shall instantly deliver the same according to
the Act of Parliament, to support the poor that are furth in
the lodges, ¦]" who otherwise shall be abill (likely) to die for
want, or then (else) to be compelled to stray and go abroad in
the country, and infect the same. And ordain that this our
ordinance shall have only place (authority) induring the time
of the plague and this extreme need, whilk otherwise cannot
presently be helped, and therefore desires both all this con
gregation, and also all them that shall come after us in our
rooms (stead), to judge charitably of this our ordinance, and
rightly to ponder and weigh the causes that moved us thereto,
to-wit, the saving of the lives of our poor brethren and sisters,
and could find no other help at this present to relieve them
withall, and therefore have received for this effect the pecunial
fine from the persons under-written, and also discharges the
persons under-written from all farther satisfaction to the Kirk,
they are to say, George Johnston, Bailie, Catherine Heron,
James Gibson, John Robertson. %
* The fine for the first fault was L,40 Scots, for a relapse 100 merks Scots,
for the third fault L.lOO Scots, payment of which exempted offenders from the
civil punishment, viz. imprisonment, standing in the irons on the Cross-head,
and probably from appearing on the stool of repentance in the parish church.
f The " lodges " were bothies or temporary huts erected in a muir in the
vicinity of Perth to accommodate those infected with the raging epidemic,
all such persons having been ordered to leave the town. The Fair City was
in a deplorable state as it respects finances to support the inmates of the
" lodges," who conducted themselves in the most licentious manner, and the
Magistrates were compelled to obtain contributions from Edinburgh, Stirling,
and other places. The denizens of Stirling sent them a quantity of butter ( ! )
instead of money.
X Mr Scott thinks proper to state that this indulgence, which their
" Honours " of the Kirk-Session were evidently anxious should not be mis
interpreted by their successors, was " dictated by the deplorable necessity of
the time." 11

162 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
An Unenviable Office. — July 26, 1585. It was ordained
that James Pitlaidy should shave the heads of fornicators and
fornicatrixes, and should receive yearly forty shUlings (Scots,
or 3s. 4d. sterling) therefor, which he consented to do, and
thereupon he was reheved out of ward.*
A Disobedient Sexton. — September 13, 1585. Ordains John
Forbes the sexton to be warded for disobedience.
Observance of Sunday. — Same date. Forsomeikle as sundry
resorted in time of sermon to taverns and alehouses, and came
not to the kirk as became Christians, therefore it is ordained
that ilk taverner or ale-seUer that sells wine or ale in time of
sermon shall pay twenty shillings (Scots), and also aU that
resort to taverns or ale-houses, and are there apprehended,
shall pay ten shiUings (Scots), and that this penalty shall be
taken from the contraveners of this Act, so oft as they are
culpable thereof.
Discipline. — October 4, 1585. Ordains Thomas Dundee f
and Patrick to compound for their fornication with Dionysius
Conqueror, or else to be warded till they found caution to
perform their repentance on Sunday. Ordains that none be
admitted to the Communion that are fornicators except they
have satisfied the Kirk. Ordains John Jack, officiar, to have
ane whip in his hand to ding away the dogs out of the kirk,
and to snib (punish) the bairns that break the glass windows.
* James Pitlaidy had apparently been chosen to this delectable office on
the 5th of July, wheh it was " ordained " that he was to receive twelve pennies
Scots, or one penny sterling, for every head which he deprived of its locks.
James, however, was evidently not ambitious of the situation, and having
refused to accept, the worthies of the Kirk-Session committed him to prison
for contumacy. On the 30th of August 1585, the collection at the parish
church door amounted to twelve shillings four pennies (Scots, or one shilling
and four-twefths of a penny sterling), and ten shillings of this sum, or tenpence
sterling, were paid to Mr Pitlaidy as his " quarter fee" for the shaving the
heads of offenders against morality. Aa to Pitlaidy's professional vocation,
it appears that he was a barber-surgeon, and he was also useful in his calling
as a kind of medical practitioner. On the 13th of September 1585, the Kirk-
Session " ordains Andrew Stoup to give James Pitlaidy six shillings eight
pennies (Scots, or 6|d. sterling) in his hand, and another half merk (the same
sum) when he has healed the boy he has under (his) care of the glengorr."
+ Mr Thomas Dundee had not complied with this "deliverance" of the
Kirk-Session, and he was again compelled to appear before them. See the
date, 7th November 1587.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 163
Reconciliation. — October 1, 1585. WhUk day it was appointed
that so many as were at variance, that wiUingly would offer
their action, in so far as it appertained to the Kirk, to the
decision of the Minister and Elders, in case their party adversar
would not agree with them, that then they should be admitted
to the Communion, and the party obstinate should be expeUed
therefrom, and excommunicated for disobedience. According
to this Act, Robert Blackwood and his faction were agreed
with Patrick Ray and his party, upon this condition, that
thirty merks (Scots, or L.l : 13 : 4 sterling) should be given
to Robert Blackwood's man caUed James Reid, and as Patrick
Ray and Mr John Howyson drank to Robert Blackwood and
his servant,* so it was ordained (that) Andrew and Gilbert
Ray should ratify the same at the sight of Mr John Howyson,
or any other Minister that occupied his place.
Noted Profligacy. — October 11, 1585. Forsomeikle as
George Makchant and Elspith Cuthbert were both apprehended
in naked bed together in filthy fornication, upon the 10th of
this instant, being the first Sunday of the holy Communion,
and of the public fast and humihation appointed by the Kirk
to be holily observed, that God of his mercy might remove
this miserable plague from this town, and all other towns
within this country, and hkewise that the foresaid persons had
been put forth in the lodges as suspected of the same sickness,
from the which God preserved them to this hour.f and
yet nevertheless they have without aU fear of God filthily
committed the foresaid vice of fornication ; therefore the haill
Session ordains that the foresaid persons shall be carted
backwards through the town from the said Elspith's house,
ha^ring paper hats on their heads, on Saturday next at ten
hours before noon (ten o'clock morning), and thereafter that
they be locked fast in the irons on the Cross-head, and there
to stand till three afternoon; thereafter to be warded till
Sunday, at which time the officiars shall convoy them with
their paper hats to the public seat of repentance, that there
* This is a curious instance of an old usage or custom long prevalent in
Scotland. Mr John Howyson, the Minister, and Patrick Ray, had a noggin
with Robert Blackwood and his servant.
+ This is an instance of the gross immorality which prevailed in the
" lodges" by the promiscuous huddling together of both sexes.

164 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
they may confess their offence, and ask God and the congrega
tion forgiveness for the slander they gave, and evil example
to others to commit the like; and this Act to strike upon all
such persons whom the watch apprehends in fornication in
time of the common humiliation, or any other time in time
coming, that vice may be rooted out of this town, and God
may bless it.
A Fickle Wooer. — December 9, 1585. Whilk day compeared
John Wood, burgess in Perth, and gave in before the Elders
ane bill against John Young, tailor, alleging that the said
John Young has made ane promise of marriage to Agnes his
daughter, upon the whilk, as the common voice of the town
was, carnal deall followed, and so, notwithstanding the said
John Young intended to marry Janet Mar, it was not lawful
nor liesom to do the same by reason of the foresaid promise,
desiring the Assembly for God's cause to take order with it ;
the Assembly, therefore, wilhng to take trial in this matter,
with the advice and good will of John Wood, referred the
matter to John Young's oath, (and) he, not being resolved
with himself at this present, refused to swear and give his
oath ; the Assembly therefore granted him license till Monday
next to advise with the heads of the bill, and then to give his
answer, which he promised to do. December, 13— Forso
meikle as John Young took to abide with his oath on Friday
last till this day, and now, being charged to give his oath,
would not, therefore the Session take tiU Monday next to
advise with the pronouncing of their decreet, ordaining John
Young's intended marriage to stay (delay) till their decreet be
pronounced. December 20 — Whilk day the Session under
standing by the several tryall of John Wood and John Young,
that there was some conference betwixt John Wood on the
one part, and John Young, and his father and his mother, on
the other part, anent the marriage of John Young with Agnes
Wood ; notwithstanding that this day was appointed by the
Session for their decreet in the foresaid action, yet they (the
Session) still demanded of John Young whether he would
swear or not that he made no promise of marriage to Agnes
Wood, as was alleged by her father. He refused to do the
same, but remitted the same to John Wood's oath, who
deponed as foUows : — That the said John Young made

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 165
promise».of marriage to Agnes Wood his daughter, before his
own father, his brother, and George Wood and John Wood,
in John Wood's house ; and it was agreed upon that John
Young should receive of (from) John Wood with his daughter
three hundred merks (Scots, L.16 : 13 : 4 sterhng) worth of
plenishing to his house, and eighteen merks (Scots, or L.l
sterhng) out of the house where Marcus Hynd remains at the
Brigend; and the said John Young took Marcus Hynd's
penny (as pledge) for the yearly payment of the said sum,
and gave down to Marcus Hynd two merks (2s. 2d. sterling)
of the said eighteen merks. The first part being proven of
John Wood's bill (libel), the Session demanded at John Young
if he would swear he had no carnal deaU with Agnes Wood.
He refused also to do it ; therefore because the matter was
weightier, they took tiU Monday next to advise with the
pronouncing of their decreet, ordaining John Young's marriage
to stay ay and until their decreet should be pronounced. —
Compeared Christian Justice, daughter to umquhiU 
Justice, and alleged ane bill that John Young had made
promise of marriage to her, upon the whilk they had carnal
deall together, and she had borne ane bairn to him ; yet
because she could not prove the promise, but was made under
blanket, the Kirk would not acknowledge it, but ordained
John Young to appoint with the said Christian betwixt this
and this day eight days, at the sight of Mr Thomas Macgibbon
and his ovni father, who promised to do it, and to report an
answer this day eight days. December 27 — The Session
ordained John Young to send to John Wood, and to agree with
him betwixt this and Monday next, and to report an answer
that they might decern in his action, according to the determi
nation of God's Word. And as concerning the matter betwixt
him and Christian Justice, because she remitted her part to the
discretion of the Assembly, they ordained John Young to give
to the said Christian instantly ten merks (Scots, or lis. Id.
sterling) money, and to take the bairn from her, and sustain
it in all time coming, and to bring it up in God's fear.*
* The result of this amorous tailor's case is not known. A chasm occurs
in the Register from January 18, to March 7, 1585-6, and no farther proceedings
are inserted.

166 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
No Intercourse allowed with an excommunicated Woman. —
January 10, 1585-6. Thomas Monipenny is admonished for
the first time to debar Jean Thornton from his company,
because she is excommunicate.*
A Lover's Quarrel. — Scmie date. George Low, being de
manded why he would not accomplish his marriage with
Margaret Gall, seeing the time is past long syne, answered,
That if the said Margaret would let him see his gear he
delivered to her, he is willing to marry and accomphsh his
purpose at the sight of the Assembly ; therefore the Assembly
appointed Thomas Gibson and Oliver Craigie (Elders), to see
the gear brought before George Low according to his desire,
and they to report their answer this day eight days, f
A Recusant. — Ma/rch 14, 1685-6. Ordains Loncarty,
younger, because he has been warned personaUy at his dwelUng,
and sundry other places, to compear before the Kirk, whereunto
he has obstinately and contemptuously rebelled, that he have no
benefit of the law until the time that he makes his obedience
unto the Kirk. This likewise to be published openly, and
given to the Bailies for this effect, f
A Penitent Offender restored. — March 20, 1585-6. Whilk
day was Elspith Chrystie received by Patrick Grant in favour
¦* On the 8th of November 1585, all persons were warned not to associate
with, or receive into their houses, Jean Thornton, Margaret Watson, and
Margaret Oliphant, under pain of personal excommunication. Though
little occurs respecting Oliver Peebles at this period, he, his wife Jean
Thornton, and James Marshall of Pitcairn, were prosecuted in the High
Court of Justiciary on the 22d of August 1584, on a charge of high treason,
for their connection with the Raid of Ruthven, and other alleged offences.
The result is not stated. — Pitcaim's Criminal Trials, voL i. Part II. p. 132.
+ The quarrel, however, between George Low and Margaret GaU about the
" gear " belonging to the former was irreconcileable, and the Kirk-Session
dissolved the marriage-contract on the 11th of April. This woman, who
appears to have been a most abandoned person, and the keeper of a common
brothel, subsequently figures before the " Assembly " in that capacity. See
the date 11th September 1587.
X The name of " Loncarty, younger," the son of the then proprietor of the
estate of Loncarty, famous in ancient Scottish history for the battle fought on
the grounds, was Pitscottie. Though his offence is not stated, it was probably
an amour. Mr Scott observes — " Thus was the young Laird of Loncarty
outlawed by an edict of the Kirk-Session. Perhaps a Kirk-Session never was
guilty of such an exertion of civil power before or since that time." Mr Scott
is most erroneous in this conjecture. The Kirk-Sessions earned themselves
with a high hand during the years of the Solemn League and Covenant.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 167
of the Kirk again, in presence of the haill people that were
presently at the preaching.
An Immoral Precentor and an Ante-Nuptial Delinquent.
— April 11, 1586. WhUk day compeared John Swenton
(Master of the Sang School), and confessed his third fault
of fornication committed by him with Maige Whyte,* and
therefor submits' him to the discipline of the Kirk, and con
fesses the bairn to be his. — Whilk day compeared Patrick
Smith, and confessed his fornication committed -with Margaret
Stewart, and desired, because he was not able to pay the
penalty, to dreef his repentance on Sunday next, and the
Sunday thereafter to be married, whilk premisses the Minister |
and Elders in one voice granted.
A Lady insulted on the Street. — April 25, 1586. Whilk
day William Niving, webster, being examined and inquired
if it was of verity the slander of Marion RoUock on the Lady
Monzie, deponed as foUows— That the Lady Monzie and he
being coming through the Watergate, Marion RoUock, being
standing on her own stair, said to the Lady — " Mistress, give
me my wort dish again," and the Lady said — " If I have
your wort dish, come to my house and ken (identify) it ;" and
Marion said — " Perchance ye ¦wiU cut my rail from rae above
the rail, as ye have done to others." §
Slanderers. — Same date. Forasmeikle as John Mac waiter
and Ahson Bruce, his spouse, have been sundry and divers
times called before the Assembly for troubling their neighbours,
and especially for backbiting and slandering of Robert Dun
and his ¦wife, and of Malcolm Ferguson and his wife, and
presently are convicted of the crimes laid to their charge by
Robert Dim and Malcolm Ferguson, therefore it is ordained,
first, that the said John Macwalter and his wife be put in
ward untU the time repentance be found in them for their
" On the 4th of June following, Maige White was ordered to be " warded"
in the Tolbooth until the punishment enjoined by Parliament was inflicted
on her for the " third fault of fornication."
t The Scottish verb to dree means to endure, to suffer, to do penance.
X This Minister was Mr Patrick Galloway, who returned with the exiled
nobUity and others in October 1585, and resumed his functions at Perth,
when Mr John Howyson left the town.
§ Sic in MS., though probably the word rail ought to be tail. It is
impossible to make any thing of the above affair.

168 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
slanderous life ; secondly, they shall come to the place where
they made the offence, and there on their knees crave pardon
of the offence committed at the persons whom they have
offended ; thirdly, they shaU pay an sufficient penalty to the
poor according to the Act made against flyters ; lastly, if ever
they be found in word or deed hereafter to offend any neigh
bour, the bare accusation shall be a sufficient plea of conviction,
that so the Act made against flyters be extended against them,
and finally to be banished the town for ever.
Delinquents cited. — May 23, 1586. Ordains the BaUies to
cause the adulterers and fornicators given them in bill (libel)
either to be warded, or else to find caution to compear before
the Assembly on Monday next.
A Summons. — June 4, 1586. Ordains William Ross at the
Charterhouse yett (gate) to answer on Monday next for his
woman. Ordains that every Elder search and inquire in his
own quarter if there be any offenders, especiaUy fornicators
and slanderers, again their going about the town on Thursday
after the preaching.
Another Female Delinquent. — January 30, 1586-7. Com
pears Janet Kay, (and) grants that her last bairn's father was
an Highlandman called Duncan Mactaggart, and confesses the
bairn to be in (a) town called Pitlochry. Ordains her to be
warded till she find caution to bring a testimonial from the
Minister of the parish that the bairn is alive, and that she has
fulfilled her repentance.
A Sabbath -breaker. — February 6, 1586-7. John Bog,
being accused of breaking the Sabbath-day and mispersoning
of his Magistrates, confesses the same ; therefore he is first
convicted of the penalty according to the Act anent the
breakers of the Sabbath ; secondly, for mispersoning of his
Magistrates, to be warded ay and until he by humility require
himself to be released ; thirdly, to be warded till he satisfy
the contract for reparation of the kirk.*
* John Bog's affair, so far as " mispersoning" or insulting the Magistrates
is concerned, seems to have originated in connection with the repair of St
John's Church, which, on the 27th of June 1585, was declared by the Kirk-
Session to be in a most " ruinous, pitiful, and lamentable state," and the
Minister was requested to preach a, sermon and obtain a collection for the
repair of the fabric.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 169
Children not to be brought for Baptism till after the Sermon.
— March 6, 1586-7. Ordains that no bairns be fetched into
the kirk in the time of preaching, but to be holden in some
secret place untU the preaching is ended, and then to be
presented to the Minister to be baptized, for avoiding of the
tumult of the incoming of the people with them, or of the
outgoing of the people for them; also for avoiding of the
crying of the infants and bairjis which make din in the time
of the preaching, so that others, in looking to the bairns and
people with them, are stopped from hearing.
Unmarried Sisters not to live together. — March 20, 1586-7.
Ordains the two sisters Elspith and Janet Stewart, that they
be not found in the house again with their sister, but every
one of them shall go to serrice, or where they may be best
entertained without slander, under the penalty of warding
their persons, and banishment of the town.
A Family Arrangement. — May 1, 1587. Ordains James
Walker to take two bairns from his wife and sustain them in
bed and board; and for the furnishing of his wife and the
other bairn to give her weekly forty pennies (3d. sterling) and
forty shilhngs (3s. 4d. sterling) yearly for her house meill at
two terms, or else adhere unto her as his wife.
A " Fair Maid" restored. — June 12, 1587. Ordains the
form that has been used before in restoring persons excom
municate be used with Margaret Oliphant, and on Sunday
next it shall be publicly proponed if there be any persons who
know of any misbehaviour either in hfe or manners since her
entrance to the seat of repentance.
An Idle Husband. — June 21, 1587. Elspith Cuthbert gav^
in a complaint on Malcolm Denis, because he entertained her
husband in his house, and suffered him not to come to his own
house neither night nor day, nor to entertain his wife and
liouse(hold) as he should do, which was found to be very evil
done; therefore the Ministers and Elders ordained the said
Malcolm never to suffer him to come in (to) his house, nor
entertain him any way to draw him from his own house.
And in case he be found to contravene the same, and to fall
in the said fact in times coming, he shall pay an penalty
according as the Ministers and Elders shaU appoint.

170 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
A Sabbath-breaking Baker. — July 17, 1587. William
Shepherd, baxter, being caUed and accused for breaking of the
Sabbath-day, confessed the same, therefore he was denounced
in the penalty; and it was ordained, if ever he be found to set
out his bread to sell in time of sermon, or any other time on
the Sabbath-day, he shall be punished therefor in his person,
and the Act made anent breakers of the Sabbath to strike upon
him with all rigour; and this Act to strike on aU others who
shaU be found breakers of the Sabbath in times coming.
A " Fair Maid" on the Repentance Stool, and her Attend
ants. — Same date. Ordains Margaret Ohphant* to enter on
Thursday next to the repentance stool in sackcloth, and
continue four days in that form tiU she be received; and to
stand at the kirk door until the third beU and prayers be
ended in the said sackloth, and the Elders of every quarter f
(of the town) to await on her, and convoy her to the said
repentance stool.
A Counterfeit Proclamation of Marriage. — July 31, 1587.
David Baxter being inquired of whom he had gotten the
testimonial of the proclamation of his banns, declared in
presence of the Minister and Elders that he got it not from
the Reader, nor knew any thing thereof tiU the night before
his marriage, when he declared to Margaret Ruthven that if
she would not get her testimonial, he would in no ways marry
her if she would not be ready that night, so that all might be
performed on the day after. She declared she was as ready
as he was, and gave him this testimonial, which he neither
knew, nor of whom she had received the same. August 8 —
Ordains Margaret Ruthven to be warded, and to be retained
in ward, ay and until she declare the vsrfter of the feigned
testimonial of these banns.
* See the note to the date, 10th January 1585-6, and the date, 12th June
1587. ^- Perth under the new system was divided into four districts, each of which
was represented by three Elders, much in the same way as the " wards" for
the election of Town-Councillors in the Burgh Reform Bill. The districts in
Perth were the "north side ofthe Highgate," the "south side ofthe Highgate,"
" beneath the Cross and Watergate," and the " Southgate." The " Highgate"
and " Southgate" indicate the North Street, or High Street, and the South
Street.

DEMOLITION OF THE MONASTERIES. 171
Sunday Trading. — August 8, 1587. Ordains the Sabbath-
day to be kept, especially in the mills, fleshers' booths, baxters'
booths, and bakehouses, under the penalty contained in the
Act of ParUament against the transgressors of the same.
A Confession of Frailty. — August 8, 1587. Compeared
Marion Webster, and confesses her adultery ¦with Alexander
Chalmers, spouse to Isabel Monipenny, whose first carnal deall
was ane month after Pasch, when the said Isabel was absent
visiting some of her friends the space of three days, and
likewise that he had carnal deall with her all the said space of
his wife's absence, and never before that time, and once since
syne, at which time his vrife apprehended them, and took
them in the fact. Therefore she was ordained, after due trial
of her fact confessed by her ©¦wn mouth, to be carted about
the town, having on her head a mutch (cap) or capuch, having
written on the margins thereof her fact and crime, and at last
to be banished the town for ever.
A Sabbath-breaking Boatman. — August 13, 1587. Ordains
Wilham Lessels, boatman, and his companions, how soon they
come to town, to be warded, because, against the ordinance of
God and the Kirk, and the King's Acts, he did in time of
preaching on Sunday afternoon loose his boat, to the great
contempt of God and His ordinance ; therefore ordains him to
be warded, and to pay ane penalty to the poor, for an example
to others not to contravene the same in times coming.
A Profane Swearer. — Same date. David Innes being
found an filthy speaker, to the blasphemy of God's name and
ignominy of this reformed congregation, it is ordained, if he
be found so irreverently in times coming to speak of God and
His holy name, that the said David shall be banished the
town for ever.
Sahbath-br eaking Millers. — Septemberll, 1577. Forasmeikle
as the multurers have been divers and sundry times charged
to compear before the Assembly for permitting their servants
to occupy (work) on the Sabbath-day, as well as on the rest
of the week, and to hold their mUls going to any that resorted
to them, expressly against the Law of God, the Acts of
Parliament, and Ordinances of the Kirk made thereanent ;
and though Dionysius Conqueror with John Anderson duly

172 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
appeared, and declared that for their parts they were willing to
have the Sabbath-day kept, and promised that the ordinance
should be obeyed, yet every Sabbath-day they (the mUlers) are
found to continue in the said offence, to the dishonour of God,
contempt of the King's laws and ordinances of the Kirk ;
therefore the haill Elders ordain that if after this day they be
found on the Sunday to have their mUls going, and if the haill
office men come not to the kirk, they shall be punished, and
the penalty taken up from the contraveners according to the
Act of Parliament ; and this to be taken up from every person
contravening the said Act ; and likewise the millers and office
men at Balhousie and Craigie to be under the like censure.
An Inveterate Offender. — Same date. Forasmeikle as Mar
garet Gall* has been called sundry and divers times before the
Assembly for sundry and divers bruits (reports) raised upon
her by the neighbours about her, upon suspicion of carnal
copulation heard, and fornication confessed with sundry
resorting to her house, and there abiding all night ; and now,
in special, for more open and slanderous behaviour, since the
separation between her and John Low,f with whom she had
confessed fornication, with John Pilmour, with the Laird of
Ruthven, and Thomas Menzies, as is proven by honest and
famous neighbours, called, sworn, and admitted in that purpose,
viz. that the Laird of Ruthven, John Pilmour, and Thomas
Menzies, continually at their being in this town did resort to
her house in day-light and at even, and then not come out
until the morning at eight, nine, or ten hours ; and especially
that the Laird of Ruthven was found at ten hours before
noon in her bed there lying, which was very suspicious and
slanderous, and greatly cried out against by the haill honest
and godly neighbours as most filthy ; therefore the Assembly
declare that the said Margaret now has given just occasion of
slander of fornication, and merits condign punishment therefor,
by public satisfaction, for taking away of the slander. Never
theless, seeing their mind is to win her by repentance unto
God, and having hopes of her amendment, they ordain to
¦* Sec the date, 10th January 1585-6. This was the female who refused to
return the "gear" of George Low, to whom she was under contract of marriage.
t This man is named George Low, under date 10th January 1585-6.

DEMOLITION OF THE MONASTERIES. 173
admonish her now, as of before, to abstain from aU sic like
occasion in time coming, either with these men or with others,
under the pain which is appointed for those that relapse thrice
in fornication ; certifying her that, if she be found hereafter
so suspiciously and ungodly to behave herself, she shall be
compelled to satisfy as an adulteress and conrict in adultery,
and banished the town for ever. Also ordains her to frequent
the kirk at preaching and prayers, and in special to keep the
Sabbath-day better than she has done, under the pain of
censuring according to the Acts of the Kirk and the Acts of
Parliament ; which present admonition she thankfully received,
accepted, and consented to the premisses, promising to use
herself in all things as a regenerate Christian.*
A Maniac. — Same date. Forasmeikle as Bessie Glass,
alias Kisunie, relict of umquhile William Fenton, has been
sundry and divers times called in before us for her unhonest
and shameful behaviour, for speaking bawdrie and uncomely
language, for singing of filthy and ungodly songs and baUads,
for dancing and becking f on the streets before noble gentle
men and women resorting to the town, for coming to their
lodgings, and there most shamefully abusing herself, contrary
to the duty of a godly or weU reformed woman and member
of this congregation, and for not behaving herself in any good
caUing, but rather in scoffing and beggary, by her inordinate
jests, contrary to the command of God and his Kirk ; as also,
last, more especially (she) has in the mercat-places of the town,
and all other places where she did frequent in her skoffrie,
unnaturally and ungodly injured and defamed, so far as lay in
her, Mr George Ruthven with many and divers opprobries and
slanders, sufficiently proven by honest and famous neighbours
within this town, caUed, sworn, and admitted to testify in that
cause, which is found very untruly and unhonest, to the great
contempt of God and of His Word, and greatly cried out
¦* Mr Scott remarks on the case of this " regenerate Christian," that it is
" au instance of great mildness towards one who was certainly a notorious
offender. Though there seems to have been no direct proof of her being
actually guilty herself with the three men above mentioned, yet it was at
least plain that she kept a disorderly house, and on that account deserved a
public rebuke."
t Curtseying, from the verb to heck or make obeisance.

174 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
against by the haill godly neighbours of this town. In respect
of the which premisses the Assembly present thinks and agrees
that the said Bessie has given great occasion of slander to the
Kirk of God, and merits condign punishment therefor, and
ordains the Act made against flyters with aU rigour to be put in
execution against her ; as also, if ever in time coming she be
found so to behave herself unshamefuUy, and shall be appre
hended (for) contravening this Act, she shall be taken to the
Baihes of the town, and for an example to others not to do
the like, most rigorously to be punished ; and, last of aU, to
be banished the town for ever.*
A Matrimonial Reconciliation. — October 24, 1587. The
Minister and Elders, having respect to the good love and
amity there should be betwixt a man and his wife, especially
betwixt Alexander Paterson and Janet Dun his spouse, appoint
Andrew Moncrief, Patrick Oliphant, and Andrew Anderson,
Elders, to confer with them, and make them to agree ; and
whatever ilk one of them (Alexander Paterson and Janet Dun)
should do to the other shall be appointed by them the said
Elders, and they to report their answer on Monday next.
A Disobedient Son. — October 30, 1587. Ordains Andrew
Moncrief (and) Patrick Oliphant, Elders, to speak with John
Ruthven, merchant, anent the entertainment of his mother,
and they to report their answer on Monday next.
Scolding. — November 7, 1587. Whilk day the Minister and
Elders of the burgh of Perth for the time, being convened
within the revestry of the same, understanding that they have
been sundry and divers times troubled with flyters and
slanderers of their neighbours, and for order taken with them
in times coming, ordain that all persons whatsoever ¦within
this burgh, or parochin of the same, as well to burgh as to
* According to Mr Scott, the " persons who amused themselves with the
shameless woman above mentioned, disgraced the times in which they lived,
and the human nature in general, with however much wit and humour her
words and gestures might be accompanied." Mr George Ruthven, who was
"slandered" by this woman, is one of the two cronies prominently noticed in
Adamson's Metrical History of Perth. Bessie Glass was again under the
cognizance of the Kirk-Session on the 21st of October 1588, when she was
ordered to be " put to an assize, to inquire of her if she be ane woman worthy
to dwell within such ane reformed congregation."

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 175
land,* being called, accused, and convicted in the offences of
flyting or slander, shall be apprehended by the Baihes what
soever for the time, and on the Saturday immediately foUowing
the day and date of the decreet against the slanderer and flyter
being apprehended, they shall be put upon the cock-stool f
from ten hours afternoon until twelve, therein to remain, with
the branksj in their mouth, and not to come down tiU the
foresaid two hours be justly expired and past, and thereafter
to pay ane half merk (6d. sterling) to the poor, and also (to)
find caution to compear in the seat and stool of repentance,
there to confess their offence publicly, in presence of the haill
congregation convened in time of preaching, and to come
thereafter from the seat and stool of repentance, and humbly
on their knees crave the person or persons offended pardon
and forgiveness.
A Fast for eight Days. — Same date. Appoints an Fast to
begin on Saturday next, and to continue untU Sunday eight
days thereafter at even, with great humihation, and prayer to
God that it would please Him to remove the plague of the
pest from the towns of Edinburgh, Leith, &c., and to preserve
us therefrom ; as also to preserve us from the pest of the soul,
which is Papistrie's ignorance maintained presently by thir
Jesuits and Papists now come in,§ who press to bring men
under the thraldom of idolatry and ignorance, and from the
true knowledge of Christ our Saviour, revealed to us in His
Word, and to embrace their superstitious rites and ceremonies.

* The parish of Perth, which includes the town, is about four miles from
.south to north, and the greatest breadth from east to west is nearly three
miles, the Tay forming the boundary on the east. The Kirk-Session claimed
jurisdiction over the " landward" or rural districts of the parish.
+ The cockstool indicates the pillory.
X The jugs, or iron collars, placed round the necks of those who were
compelled to stand in the parochial or burgh pillory. The hranks or jugs
are still to be seen at the entrance to some of the parish churches and church
yards in Scotland.
§ In 1587 a number of learned Roman Catholic ecclesiastics, who were
Scotsmen by birth, and some of them connected with the most ancient and
Noble families of the kingdom, arrived in Scotland from Spain, and dismayed
the Presbyterians. One ofthe so called "Jesuits" was James Gordon, uncle
of the Earl of Huntly, and another was Edmund Hay, brother of Peter Hay
of Megginch, and a near relative of Francis ninth Earl of Errol.

176 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
from the which the Lord preserve us! And ordains this to be
notified from the pulpit on Thursday next, that none incur
ignorance hereof, that every one may address them(selves) to
fasting, prayer, and humiliation at the time appointed.
A Delinquent's Sentence commuted. — November 7, 1587.
The Minister and Elders present in one voice consent that
Thomas Dundee,* first, in respect his fault was done in the
time of the pest; second, that he is ane married man presently;
third, because great slander would arise as if he had done a
new fact ; fourth, that in that time, when the fact was done,
dispensation was given for money, because men durst not put
themselves on the stool of repentance for fear of the pest —
the said Thomas shall for these causes pay the penalty of
L.4 (Scots, or 6s. 8d. sterling) herefore, and in case the Kirk
be slandered herefore, he is ordained to be ready to do his
obedience when the Kirk requires, and presently he is ordained
to be put in ward until he satisfy the same. Ordains the
Bailies to speak (admonish) Walter Dalgliesh to pay his civil
punishment, to enter on the stool of repentance, and to bring
a testimonial that his bairn is baptized, which failing, the
Minister on Sunday next shall give the first admonition before
his excommunication.
A Denunciation. — November 20, 1587. Forasmeikle as
God by his holy Apostle John commands that if any man
come to the faithful, and bring not the doctrine of the truth
with him, he shall not be received in house, neither shall any
bid him God-speed, for he that bids him God-speed shall be
partaker of his evil deeds; yet, notwithstanding, there are
sundry persons of this congregation that receive in houses
Jesuits, avowed enemies to God's truth, and Papists, reasoners
against the truth, infectors of others, excommunicate, and
traffickers, for the subversion of the true religion, keeping
famUiar society with them, contrary to God's command, and
to the great slander and infection of this congregation, where
the truth first began in this kingdom to be published, and to
the subversion of the gospel and true religion betime, unless
order be put thereto speedily; therefore the Minister and
* See the date, 4th October 1585, for Mr Thomas Dundee's offence.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 177
Elders in one voice ordain that none within this congregation
receive in house or lodging any such Papist or Jesuit in time
to come, neither use any familiar society with them, tiU first
they advertise the Magistrates and the Minister and Elders of
them, that orders may be taken with them in their proceedings,
and may be moved either to recant their errors and subscribe
the Confession of Faith* authorized and statute by the King's
Majesty, or else suddenly to depart the town, under the pain
of being counted favourers of them and their ungodly pro
ceedings, and partakers of their errors, and of being called
and pursued therefor as enemies of God's truth, and of being
compeUed to make their humble repentance, and of being
subjected to farther punishment of their ungodly doing, and
this Act to be pubUshed by the Minister in pulpit the next
Sunday after sermon, that none pretend ignorance; as also
Adam Anderson and Andrew Malcolm, Elders, are ordained
to present it to the (Town) Council to be authorized there,
and thereafter to be published at the mercat-cross upon the
mercat-day to the effect foresaid — which all was done.
Strict Vigilance. — December 4, 1587. John Davidson,
younger, being found through great advisement of the Elders,
as also by the voice of the common people, to be slanderous
to the kirk of this reformed burgh ; and being called herefore,
is ordained to separate himself from the company of Marion
Pennycook, with whom he is presently suspected, especially
from his mother's house in the night, where she presently
remains, ay and until they be married, or else to incur the
punishment appointed for fornicators, which he promised to do.
St Obert's Play. — December 11, 1587. Ordains these
baxters that on Saturday last at even played Sanct Obert's
play to be warded, whenever they be apprehended, ay and
until they give their obedience for satisfaction of the Kirk and
congregation. A Sabbath-breaking Gate-Keeper. — February 26, 1587-8.
Compeared WUham Kinloch, porter of the Brig-of-Tay port,
being accused for breaking of the Sabbath-day, especially for
-* This was the Confession of Faith, compiled by John Craig, the coUeague
of John Knox as Minister of Edinburgh, and subscribed by James VI. The
original is in the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. 12

] 78 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
inletting of loads on the Sabbath-day, and time of preaching,
he confesses ¦with his own mouth that divers times he has
broken the Sabbath-day by inletting of loads offish and burdens
at the said port, contrary to the Acts made thereanent of
before : therefore the Minister and Elders bot (without) con
tradiction find him culpable, and worthy herefor to be deposed
from the said office for ever. And seeing they are not willing
to reject him utterly, but hope he shall keep better order in
times coming, notwithstanding of the Acts passed before in his
contrair, they suspend their rigour at this present, in hopes of
his amendment, and ordain him in times coming neither to
receive any loads on the Sabbath-day within the port, nor
procure licence for any at the Bailies' hands for the inletting
of them ; and in case he be found to contravene the same in
times coming, he shall be deposed from his office for ever.*
A Matrimonial Speculation dissolved by the Kirk-Session. —
March 4, 1587-8. Whilk day James Brydie, walker (hatter),
being ofttimes called before us, compeared as cautioner for
John Adam, one of the parochin of Kinnoull, •f for the fulfilling
of the band of matrimony within forty days, according to the
Act, with Elspith Wilson, one of our parochin ; and seeing
that the said John Adam has not done the same, and the fault
of the non-performance of the same was in him alone, never
inquiring for the performance hereof from the day of the
contract, (the Kirk-Session) convicts the said James Brydie
in the penalty, and ordains him to be warded ay and until he
satisfy for the same. And seeing that the said John Adam
postpones and defers the time, not willing to perform the band
given up by him with the said Elspith ; and seeing likewise
he has divers times abstracted gear from the said Elspith under
pretence of marriage, and so defrauds her both of the promise
made, and likewise of the gear, therefore the Minister and
Elders advising ripely, and being well advised, thought it
hard that thir two should be married together, in case great
inconveniences should follow thereon, themselves be brought
* Notwithstanding this denunciation, William Kinloch was "purchasable."
See the dates, 17th March 1588-9, 27th September 1691, and 22d May 1592.
+ The parish of KinnouU, in which is the suburb called the Brigend,
extends opposite Perth on the east side of the Tay. It includes the mag
nificent Hill of Kinnoull and other interesting localities.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 179
to poverty, and have nothing for their sustentation, and so be
made able to steal and reive from their neighbours, to redound
at last to their shame and infamy. They being both present,
the Minister and Elders required of them whether they would
perform their contract given up or not. Both John and
Elspith with one consent desire them to be freed of other, so
that, as God pleases, they may use themselves in times coming
according to their pleasure, always being free of their promise,
so that they may marry whom they please ; to the which
petition the Minister and Elders, for the causes foresaid, agreed,
and therefore did discharge their contract with their own
consents. At which time John Cudbert, wright, satisfied the
penalty as cautioner for the said Elspith for not fulfilling their
band, and ordains that John Adam be warded ay and until he
satisfy the money and gear received by him from her ; and
James Brydie likewise to remain in ward ay and until he
satisfy likewise, as they have done.
Tyranny of the Kirk- Session. — March 4, 1587-8. Whilk
day WiUiam Fleming, being called before the Assembly for
resetting, giving lodging and entertainment, and convoying, of
the Laird of Fintry, an enemy of God and religion, an avowed
Papist and Jesuit, excommunicate for the same, ane common
trafficker for the subversion of the true religion, which was
against the command of God, and expressly against the rule of
His Word, and hkewise against the Acts made by the King's
Majesty, and Assemblies General and Particular, especially
against the Act of our own Assembly (Kirk-Session) pubhshed
from the pulpit and Cross of this burgh. Being herefore
accused, answered, that neither for contempt of God nor no
good rule, or Act made by the King or Kirk, he did the same,
but rather of negligence, because he was in company with the
Earl of Huntly, and received with his concurrence ; confessing
the same to have been an fault, and promises never to do the
like in times coming ; and in case he be found to contravene
the same in times coming, the penalty contained in the Act to
strike on him, all excuse being put aside, which fault the
Minister and Elders oversee at present, in hopes of amendment.*
-* William Fleming, the gentleman denounced by the local tyrants for
showing hospitality to George sixth Eari of Huntly, afterwards Marquis of

180 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
A Refractory Incorporation. — April 5, 1588. Whilk day
the haUl Fleshers being called before us, and accused for break
ing the Sabbath, and for being profaners of the Lord's table,
swearers and banners, and common bargainers, all confessed
themselves guilty hereof And because the Minister and Elders
perceived them who were obstinate, especiaUy Andrew Johnston,
and all the rest of the Craft to intrust themselves to the will of
the Minister and Elders, therefore the Minister and Elders
suspended the judgment and rigour of the sentence which
their faults required at this present, in hope of amendment.
And in case any of them be found to contravene in times
coming, the Acts of Parliament anent such offences with all
rigour shall be extended upon them, and that as oft soever as
they be found culpable of the same.*
Tlie Perth Midwives. — October 28, 1588. Whilk day
the midwives being convened, viz. Marion Russel, Margaret
Stewart, and Mause Johnston, they promised by oath that
they never should be at the birth of any woman known to be
suspected of fornication or adultery, but should reveal the
same to the Eldership ; and likewise promised never to touch
such an woman till on her conscience she declared who is the
bairn's father, f
The Coddrochs.\ — November 11, 1588. Forsomeikle con
sidering the great slander that arises of young women taking
up houses, and dwelhng together as coddrochs and common
Huntly (the same who killed the " Bonnie" Earl of Moray at Dunibristle in
Fife), and Sir David Graham of Fintry, is alleged to have been related to the
Lady of Lord-Chancellor Maitland, who was Jane, only daughter of James
fourth Lord Fleming. Mr Fleming was the son of Thomas Fleming, burgess
of Perth, and Margaret Forrester his wife. Sir David Graham of Fintry was
beheaded at the Cross of Edinburgh on the 17th of February 1592-3 on a
charge of treason.
'' The Fleshers were again before the Kirk-Session, and rebuked for their
disorderly conduct, on the 15th of April; and on the 21st of January 1688-9,
Henry Balneaves, their " Deacon," who was elected the Trades' Bailie on the
6th of October 1589, was ordered to confer with Mr William Balneaves, the
' Reader," and to present every Monday to the Kirk-Session the names of
those Fleshers who were not present at the sermon.
+ This cruel and most inhuman "Act" is disgraceful to the Kirk-Session.
X A codroch in Scottish patois is a rustic, and also a dirty or slovenly
person, evidently the same as codderar, or disorderly persons who locate
themselves in a neighbourhood without permission.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 181
resetters of honest men's servants and their gear, it is ordained
that no honest man set (let) them an house without advice of
one of the Baihes and Elders to be pubhcly aUowed, under the
pain of the house-mail to be given to the poor ; the persons
as coddrochs taking up house to be holden and repute as
fornicators and entertainers of brothels, and punished as for
nicators. No Sunday Drinking. — Same date. It is ordained that no
inhabitant within this burgh, chiefly taverners, or toppers of
wine and ale, receive or keep within their houses on the
Sabbath-day any person or persons, stranger or inhabitant
whatsoever, in time of preaching or sermon, under the pains
contained in the Acts of ParUament, Acts of Burgh, and
ordinance of the Kirk, assuring them, whosoever they are, that
contravene the foresaids shall be punished as example to others.
Servants to produce Certificates of Character. — Same date.
The Minister and Elders present ordain that no person or
persons within this burgh, householder or other, receive into
their service or house any man or woman out of any to'wn or
congregation without a sufficient testimonial of their godly and
honest beha-riour, in time past, from the Minister of the part
where they come from. And seeing there are sundry harlots
and filthy Uvers, entered in this town in service, fugitives from
the discipline of the kirk wherefrom they are come, it is
ordained that every man try his own house where any such is,
and delate their names to the Elders of the quarter, or to the
session of the kirk, certifying them that disobey in the
premisses that they shaU be punished according to the Acts
and ordinances set down before for punishment of such crimes.
Sabbath-breakers. — December 10, 1588. Ordains Andrew
Anderson, webster, to pay ten shillings (Scots, or lOd. sterling)
because the Sabbath-day was broken in his house by his wife
in warping ane web thereon, and his wife to put herself in the
repentance seat on Sunday next for the same.
An Unnatural Mother. — January 13, 1588-9. Compears
Nicholas Brown, after long inquisition heard and taken of
her negUgence and sloth toward her young infant and bairn,
of herself freely confessed that the bairn perished through
her negligence; therefore she is ordained on Sunday next in

182 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
hnen clothes to make her repentance herefor, and in tune of
preaching to be put in the repentance stool.
An " Elder" again in trouble.— January 13, 1588-9.
Whilk day Ohver Peebles, being caUed, and upon his conscience
inquired, as he would answer to the great God, if the bairn
that Jane Thornton was with was his, and that because of
open and constant confession of the same, especially in her
birth, and to the Readers and Elders that were sent to inquire
the same of her after her birth, besides the great bruit of the
same. He (Ohver Peebles) took it on his conscience, saying —
" So may not his soul be saved at the latter day if he made
such occasion." January 21, 1588-9 — Compears Jean
Thornton, confessing her former faults in terms as is before
set dovrn in the books of Assembly, and now of new confesses
the fact of adultery with David Ochterlony, servitor to the
Earl of Crawford for the time, who had carnal deall ¦with her
sundry and divers times; and likewise confessed* that she had
never carnal deall with OUver Peebles (her husband) after the
Lords came out of England into Scotland.
A Dispensation to a Delinquent. — March 3, 1588-9. The
Minister and Elders present in one voice consent that Patrick
Boner, first, that in respect his fault of fornication was
committed in (the) time of the pest; second, and that he is
ane married man presently ; third, because great slander would
arise if he had done an new fact; fourth, that in time of the
pest-f dispensation was given for money, because men durst
not present themselves in the stool of repentance for fear of
the pest; therefore, for all these reasons the Minister and
Elders consent and ordain that he shall pay the penalty of L.3
(Scots, or five shillings sterling) herefor; and in case the Kirk
be slandered through this his fact, he is to be ready to make
obedience when as the Kirk requires, and presently ordains
him to be put in ward until he satisfy the same.
Sunday Profanation and Beggars. — March 17, 1588-9.
In respect the Sabbath-day is broken by such as carry loads
* The confession intimates that this abandoned woman was living in a
state of separation from her husband. It appears from the date 21st October
1589, that Mrs Oliver Peebles was cohabiting with, or was protected by,
Thomas Monipenny. f See the date, 17th July 1685.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 183
through the stanks,* as beggars strong and idle, and male
factors, who have egress and ingress according to their plea
sure, ordains that it be intimated to the (Town) Council that
they may take order therewith. As also concerning WiUiam
Kinloch, keeper of the Brig of Tay, that lets in beggars and
others foresaids for recompence, some eight pennies (Scots, or
one halfpenny sterhng), some more ; first, it is reported that
he has suffered divers beggars to enter within the town, for
payment to him of contribution, as is confessed by the beggars
themselves ; second, as also that he has taken in certain loads
on the Sabbath-day, contrary to the Acts ; therefore ordains
the (Town)-Council to take order therewith. Same date —
Seeing this town is overlaid vrith strong, idle, and uncouth
beggars, abstracting by their continual residence the fund and
alms that fairly belong to our own poor members born and
gotten within this town, so that they able (are likely) to starve
for hunger in case remedy be not provided incontinent, it is
ordained that no inhabitant within this town receive any of
them in lodging, nor give them alms, except to these only
that have the Holy Lamb, the town's mark and token on their
breasts. f And that none pretend ignorance, appoints John
Jack on Thursday next to go about the town and make this
known to the haill neighbours, that none have excuse in case
they contravene.
The Shipwrecked Spaniards. X — May 18, 1589. Ordains
the porters (gate-keepers) to suffer no Spaniards, nor no other
idle vagabonds or beggars whatsomever, to come within the
to-wn, and these that are presently within the town that
incontinent they go furth of the same, and dispatch § them-
(selves.) And in case the porters let them in, that they (the
porters) shall be simpliciter deprived of their office, because
they have been divers times admonished for keeping of the
* Ditches. When the gates were shut, those persons contrived to enter the
town by wading through the water-ditches which environed the walls.
t Privileged or licensed beggars. The Arms of Perth since the Reformation
are an imperial eagle displayed, the heads looking opposite ways, and on its
breast an escutcheon with the Holy Lamb passant carrying the banner of St
Andrew. X Some of the crews of the Spanish Armada who were wrecked on the
Scottish coasts. § They were to leave the towu.

184 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
ports. And in case any receive or lodge any Spaniards or
beggars as said is, being let in by the sloth and negligence
of the porters, they shall pay the penalty of twenty shillings
(Scots, or Is. 8d. sterling) for ilk person of Spaniard or beggar
received. And, that none pretend ignorance, ordains John
Jack, officiar, to intimate the same to the porters, and these
that have entertained them of before.*
Banishment from the "Fair City." — May 18, 1589.
Compears Christian Bray, and desires her bairn gotten in
fornication, as she confessed, with William Baxter, servitor to
my Lord Drummond, to be baptized, which was granted ; and
seeing she is an poor creature, unable to sustain herself in
ward, it is ordained that after the bairn be baptized she shall
be banished the town for ever. June 2, 1589 — Ordains
Janet Macduff to be taken and presented on the Cross-head
on Saturday next, there to remain fast in the irons from ten
hours forenoon until twelve, with an mitre ¦)¦ on her head and
writing of infamy, thereafter to be banished the tovm for ever;
and in case she be found in the town again, to be burnt with
the town mark on the cheek. And if any neighbours receive
her in lodging in times coming, or any otherwise to entertain
her, they shaU pay forty shiUings (Scots, or 3s. 4d. sterhng.)
Extraordinary Liberality. — June 2, 1589. The Minister
and Elders give licence to play the play, vrith conditions that
neither swearing, banning, nor one scurrility be in it, to be
an offence to our religion which we profess, and an evil
example to others. And in case any be in the same, or any
person add. any of the same, by the register of play itself,
ordains him to be warded, and make his public repentance.
A Denial. — June 30, 1589. Whilk day being assigned to
James Rattray in Tirsappie to give in his oath if ever he had
promise of marriage to Helen Watson, daughter to John
Watson there ; he being present, and by incaUing on the great
name of God, inquired, as he would answer to God, or have
* Mr Scott properly observes' — " The barbarity of the above Act disgraces
the memory of the members of (the Kirk) Session at that time, though
perhaps they might have been found fault with by some blind zealots if they
had not made a show of want of compassion for the poor wandering ship
wrecked Spaniards." t Sic in MS.

TUE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 185
his soul saved in the day of the Lord's judgment, if ever he
made any promise of marriage to the said Helen : by the
same oath he answered, as he would make an compt to God,
he never made any promise of marriage to her at no time.
Therefore, seeing this day was assigned to give in his oath,
by reason of his purgation of his word and promise, if aught
had been, he is absolved simpliciter of the same.
A Suspected Nobleman. — July 28, 1589. Forsomeikle as
there is an great bruit and slander arisen within this town
of the uncomely behaviour of Janet Justice, that is to say, that
she is an common pandrouss betwixt my Lord Sanquhar "
and Margaret Ireland, now presently in Henry Adamson's
house, beside the great suspicion of herself with the said Lord
or his servants, by resorting there at ten, eleven, or twelve
hours at even, which is uncomely, and greatly cried out
against by the haiU neighbours of this town. She, being
called, compeared, and being inquired if she was pandrouss
as said is, confessed that by my Lord Sanquhar she was desired
to go to Margaret Ireland, that he might have conference
with her, which she refused ; and as touching his resorting to
her house the times and hours foresaid, granted the same, but
upon no evil intention, but because she was his laundress.
Therefore the same being thought very suspicious in her
person, she was commanded and admonished not to use such
things in time coming, nor to have her house open to any
persons at such times in the night, nor use no suspicious com
pany, other'wise it should be holden and repute as fornication,
and she as an fornicator to be punished.
A Female Quarrel. — August 4, 1589. Forsomeikle as
Margaret Maclaren, spouse to James Stobbie, burgess of
Perth, is found culpable and convict of the slander given in
¦* Robert sixth Lord Crichton of Sanquhar, then a young man and un
married, was proprietor of the lands and barony of Kinnoull. The Lords
Crichtons of Sanquhar were ancestors of the Earls of Dumfries and Bute in
the Peerage of Scotland, and Marquisses of Bute in the Peerage of Great
Britain. The Nobleman mentioned above in the Kirk-Session Register
was executed on the 29th of June 1618, in Palace Yard, Westminster, for
killing a fencing-master named Turner, and his estates and honours devolved
to William Crichton his cousin-german, son of John Crichton of Rayhill, who
was created Earl of Dumfries on the 10th of June 1633.

186 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
by Margaret Robertson, spouse to John Spence, Utstar (dyer),
burgess of the said burgh, and seeing she merits condigns
punishment therefor, and that the Act of Slander should be
put in execution with all severity against her, yet the Minister
and Elders, with advice and consent of the said John Spence
and his spouse, suspend the rigour of the said Act, and ordain
the said Margaret Maclaren upon her knees, in presence of
the Minister and Elders, to ask the said John Spence and his
vrife pardon and forgiveness, and likewise on her knees afore
her own house, the place where she uttered the slanderous
words, to do the like. And in case hereafter she be found to
slander the said John and his wife, or any of the servants,
and the same be notified to the Minister and Elders, the Act
made anent flyters and slanderers with all rigour to be put in
execution against her.
An Incorrigible Gate-Keeper. — August 11, 1589. Whilk
day WilUam Kinloch, keeper of the Brig-of-Tay port, being
called and accused for inletting of loads on Sabbath last,
contrary to the Acts of the Kirk, and his admonitions given
him afore,* confesses that on Sunday last, at the second bell
aforenoon, he came to the kirk with his friend to his marriage,
yet at the last bell he left the keys with his bairn at home,
which were taken from his bairn by an servant of my Lord
Drummond's, f who took in timber by (without) his knowledge.
This his answer being considered, he is thought not worthy of
his office, and therefore simpliciter for ever to be deprived,
seeing no amendment can be in him after so many admonitions,
and appoints Robert Anderson, James Adamson, and Thomas
Gall, to intimate this Act to the (Town) Council on Monday
next. Abstraction of the Bell Rope. — Same date. WhUk day
Nicol (Ronaldson), bellman, being called and accused for not
ringing the curfew and workman beUs at eight hours at even
and four hours in the morning, according to the custom and
use, answered, that David Mar had taken away the tow (rope)
* See the date 26th January 1587-8 for an instance of William Kinloch's
delinquencies on Sundays.
t Patrick third Lord Drummond, whose son Jamos fourth Lord was
created Earl of Perth on the 4th of March 1605.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 187
to the Bridge of Earn ; therefore ordains Robert Anderson
and James Adamson to intimate the same to the (Town)
CouncU, to cause the said David hing up the beU tows again
as good and sufficient as they were when he took them down.
The Duty of the Bailies. — Same Date. Seeing there are
many and divers enormities done in time of preaching, within
the kirk and about the same, with bairns playing and crying
in time of preaching in the kirk-yard, it is ordained that the
BaUies keep their own appointed seats on the preaching days,
that the Minister may intimate to them such things as are to
be done ; and, in case they be absent, to be nominate by their
names to come to the same the next day, and then in case of
absence pubhcly to be reproved. And likewise that the
officers wait on the Bailies, and keep the preaching time as
said is, otherwise to be puinded as breakers of the Sabbath,
as an example of all others (not) to do the like.
A Brewer in Fault. — Same date. Forasmeikle as Robert
Brown is found guilty oftentimes of breaking the Sabbath
day, and that with burning, tooming (emptying), and filling
of the same, and of doing so especially on the Sunday, and
being accused herefore, promises in times coming to amend,
and, in case he be found doing the like in times coming,
with his own wUl promises to pay L.IO (Scots, or 16s. 8d.
sterling.) Another Sabbath-breaker. — Septemher 15, 1589. Foras
meikle as Wilham M'Dill, son to Andrew M'Dill, an burgess
of Perth, being accused of breaking and overleaping the
Greyfriars' dyke in time of preaching, to have access to the
butts* by all kind of good order, and especially at such time
when the rest of the tovra were at the preaching serving God,
he confessed the same, and in hope of his amendment in times
coming the rigour of his punishment was suspended, with
certification that if he do the like in times coming he shall
incur such punishment as shall be enjoined by the Minister
and Elders.
A Double Punishmetit. — September 29, 1589. Compeared
Isabel Hally, and confesed her adultery with Patrick Gibson
* Ground appointed for the practice of archery and various games.

188 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
in the parish of Findogask,* who presented an testimonial of
her obedience to the said kirk. She is ordained that, after
she has satisfied the kirk of Findogask, she shaU report a
testimonial of the Minister there of her satisfaction as said is,
and thereafter, because she has in part offended this kirk and
congregation, she shall present herself in the repentance stool
of this kirk in linen clothes barefoot on Sunday afternoon
in time of preaching ; for her performance of which things
Thomas Johnston, burgess of Perth, became cautioner under
the penalty of L.20 (Scots, or L.l : 13 : 4 sterhng), and acted
himself to this effect.
No Sunday Amusements. — October 6, 1589. Forasmeikle
as at the playing of the kylles ¦!¦ in the North and South
Inches the Sabbath is broken, and God's holy Name profaned,
ordains the Bailies to cause break them, and note their names
that play at them, and give them in to the Assembly ilk
Monday, that they may be punished.
A71 old Acquaintance of the Kirk-Session. — October 21,
1589. Forasmeikle as Jean Thornton is an excommunicate
person, and should not be holden in the company of good
Christians, much less to ¦ be entertained in bed and board
within any honest godly man's house, to the great slander of
God, His Word, Kirk, and this congregation ; therefore it is
ordained that all the Bailies, Robert Anderson, Oliver Young,
Henry Balneaves, and Andrew Mercer, ¦with Adam Anderson
and Constantine Melice, two of the Elders, pass to Thomas
Monipenny presently, and intimate to him the kirk's will,
that is to say, that he separate and put out of his house the
said Jean Thornton, under the pain of excommunication ; and
the said Baihes to report their diligence on Monday next, and
no others to receive her under pain of excommunication.
A False Accusation of Witchcraft. — November 2, 1589.
Forasmeikle as this day was assigned to certain honest
neighbours of Tirsappie | to be present, and of their conscience
¦* Apparently the parish of Trinity-Gask adjoining that of Gask, the post-town
of which is Auchterarder.
t Evidently the game of nine-pins,
X This small hamlet is to the east of the road from Edinburgh, where the
first view of Perth is obtained coming from the south.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 189
to declare whether it was true that Guddal,* spouse to Richard
Watson, was an witch, as John Watson there alleged, or
what evil likelihood they saw in her ; Walter Watson, John
Cowing, George Scott, James Scott, being inquired severally,
as they would answer to God, what they knew, altogether
agreed in one vrithout contradiction that they saw never such
things into her whereby they might suspect her of the same,
but that she was an honest poor woman, who wrought honestly
for her living, without whose help her husband Richard
Watson would have been dead, who was an old aged man.
Therefore the Minister and Elders ordain the Act of Slander
to be put in execution againgt the said John Watson and
Helen Watson his daughter.
A Marriage Affair. — November 10, 1589. Whilk day
Robert Blackwood, in presence of the Minister and Elders,
compeared, being the day assigned to him to shew the
reasonable causes why the banns of marriage given up afore
the kirk the 12th day of July 1587 betwixt John La^wrie and
his daughter were not performed. He showed, first, that the
great troubles and dangers in the which he has been since the
upgiring of the said banns, with the great hazard and peril of
his life, was one stop and hindrance ; secondly, the ground
whereon the civil contract was made betwixt the said John
Lawrie and him was not performed as was contracted, and
Isabel Blackwood his daughter, future spouse to the said John,
was not infeft in his lands according to contract and promise,
which was done only upon Wednesday last, and how soon same
was done their marriage is performed. The whilk reasons,
being considered and tried, he being removed, are found
reasonable, yet nothing to hurt the Order and Act of the Kirk ;
wherefore the Minister and Elders, with consideration more of
the first cause than of the second, dispense with the rigour,
and ordain, nottheless of any Acts passed of before, that he pay
L.5 (Scots, or 8s. 4d. sterhng) allenarly to Mr George Ruthven,
coUector of the poor's alms, to be given to the poor. December
30 — Forasmeikle as Robert Blackwood, _the twelfth day of
June anno 1587, became cautioner for his daughter's marriage,
* Sic in MS.

1 90 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
to be performed within the space of ten days, under the pain
of L.IO (Scots, or 16s. 8d. sterhng), as Alexander Maxton
(was) cautioner in like manner for John Lawrie, and the said
Robert failed in performance thereof; and being called, and
and compearing, and accused, the 11th of December 1587, (he)
answered, that the fault was in himself, in respect he would not
have his daughter married until, according to the civU contract,
she were infeft in her future husband's lands, and wiUingly
promised, under pain of doubling the sum, to perform the
marriage betwixt that present date and Candlemas next there
after, and separate his daughter out of his house, where the
man was also. And thereafter, ,the 24th day of February 1588,
being called again for failing in his promise, answered as of
before, and promised with expedition to do it; and the Minister
and Elders in one voice, without contradiction, ordained the
said Robert to pay the penalty of L.IO (Scots) instantly, and
the rest (L.IO Scots) to be paid betwixt that present date and
Whitsunday next thereafter, under the pain of tripling the
sum. Nevertheless the said Robert continued in his former
driffling,* to the great slander of the kirk, perverting of the
discipline and good order in the town, and giving an occasion
to others by his evil example to do the like, till at last a pledge
for his penalty was obtained, and the persons married the
11th day of November four score nine years ; which pledge
being offered unto him, according to his promise to be released
with an certain sum condescended by the Elders for the support
of the poor within the town, and he refusing it altogether,
being desired thereto first by the kirk-officer, next by the
collector of the poor's alms, thirdly, in presence of the Bailies
by an Elder directed to him, and last, by the Minister and
haill Elders : Therefore aU in one voice. Minister and Elders,
have ordained the said Robert to be punished and warded by
the Bailies until he pay the haill ; wherein if they be slack
the Minister shall admonish them publicly, and.thereafter shall
proceed against the said Robert as an contemner of the voice of
the Kirk.
A Paramour. — November 10, 1589. Whilk day compeared
* Or trifling. The word driffling literally means a drizzling or small rain.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 191
Grizzcl Bisset, as she was warned, and being inquired how
many bairns she had born to Mr Andrew Abercromby in
adultery, confessed that she had born three men children, the
first caUed Alexander, the second, Thomas, presently with her
and entertained by her at the school in this town, the youngest,
Robert, presently with himself in Dunkeld, and there enter
tained by him at the school, whilk bairns were baptized, as
she confessed, by a priest called Sir John Salmond in the kirk
of Kepat.* For the whilk offences of adultery committed in
begetting the said bairns with Mr Andrew Abercromby, spouse
to Agnes Crichton, Lady BeUenden, she has not made her
repentance, and never obeyed the voice of the Kirk, wherefore
the Minister and Elders ordain her to bring an testimonial
from Mr William Glass, Minister at Dunkeld, bearing likewise
her repentance and satisfaction for the same, or else to remove
out of the town, that she be not farther slanderous to this
congregation. Superstition. — December 1, 1589. Whilk day Violet Brown,
spouse to Alexander Moncrief, flesher, compeared as she was
warned, to this day, and was accused for turning of the riddle
with sheers,t ane point indeed of witchcraft and devilry against
God's Word, and that for wanting (coveting) of an crown of
gold of an young man's within her house. She denied the
same, but that she said, only through dolour of her heart for
want of the same (the money), that " if it were either betwixt
hell or heaven she would have it." For the whilk cause
foresaid John Hutton, flesher, was called and accused, and
confessed that he was in Alexander Moncrief's house when the
young man came in and delivered the gold to the said
Alexander's wife, and likewise when he missed and wanted
an piece of the said gold, for the whilk the said Alexander's
wife said she would turn the riddle, but did not.
Breach of Promise. — Same date. Whilk day Darid Jackson
compeared, and produced L.5 (Scots, or 8s. 4d. sterling)
penalty for cautionry for Thomas Scotland, because the said
* Evidently Caputh, a parish near Dunkeld.
"t" Anglicfe scissors. The turning ofthe riddle, an open sieve, on the point
of a pair of scissors, was long a favourite practice in Scotland to ascertain
future events and other purposes.

192 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
Thomas fulfilled not the band of matrimony with Janet
Kennedy ; wherefore the said David protested that he (Thomas
Scotland) should be warded when as he came to the town for
his relief, which the Elders present granted.
An Application for Baptism. — December 15, 1589. Whilk
day Elspith Aitken, spouse to John Basilly, compeared in
presence of certain of the Elders, and shewed that her daughter
Margaret M'Keiress was lightered of ane bairn* being in peril
of death, and desired that for God's cause the bairn might be
baptized, and she should find caution under the pain of L.40
(Scots, or L.3 : 6 : 8 sterhng) that she (her daughter) incontinent
after she raise j should satisfy whenever the Kirk would enjoin
it to be done for satisfaction of her offence ; for the whilk causes
foresaid Andrew Basilly and Robert Sncll became cautioners
for one to present her whenever the Kirk required, under the
pain of L.40 (Scots).
A Frail Damsel. — January 12, 1589-90. Compears Janet
Rynd, and confesses her second fault of fornication with Robert
Stewart, brother to my Lord Innermeath, and submits herself
to the discipline of the Kirk.
Profligacy. — Same date. Forasmeikle as Henry Arnot,
being called, was present, and was accused for his breaking of
the Sabbath, blaspheming of God's name, slandering of his
neighbours, and singing of filthy and ungodly songs, he
confessed the same, and promised never to do the like in
times coming upon the which promise the rigour that such
faults required was suspended.
A Publican Fined. — June 20, 1590. Ordains Duncan
Richardson to be puinded for twenty shUlings (Scots) because
thir two Sundays his tavern was open in time of preaching,
and strangers received.
Contrition. — July 6, 1590. Compears Helen Hay, and
confessed that she had committed fornication with William
Johnston, servitor to Captain Car, and had bona fide satisfied
the kirk of Leith, where she committed the offence ; and seeing
in her were found tokens of repentance, and that she was put
from her friends for the said offence, and was constrained to
¦* Delivered of a child. t Recovered from child-bearing.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 193
serve here in this town for her living, liberty was granted to
her to remain and abide within the town, with this condition,
that she should live an holy and an godly life, which she
promised to do.
Theft remitted to the Bailies.— Jidy 20, 1590. Compears
Janet Morice, servitrix to Janet Martin, and confessed that at
the command of Christian Steil, her mistress at that time,
she passed out divers times to Ronald Pearson's house, and
there received from his servant toillis ; * in consideration of
the whilks, foreseeing it (would) be dangerous in case order
should not be put herewith, ordains the said Christian Steil,
as also Janet Morice, to be put to an inquest before the Bailies,
and that order thereto be taken with them, that by their
example others may be deterred to do the like.
Matrimonial Penalty. — Septemher 15, 1590. Compears
Margaret Lathangie, according as she was warned to this day,
and was inquired why she completed not the banns of matri
mony with Thomas Donaldson within the day statute conform
to the Act, answered, that she would never complete that
marriage with him for such reasons as she knew, and would
not openly declare, therefore she is con^ricted in the penalty of
L.IO (Scots, or 16s. 8d. sterling) ; moreover, being inquired
if she had carnal deall with the said Thomas since the day
of the contract, remitted the same to the deposition of the
said Thomas, who being called, and inquired as said is, con
fessed the same; therefore both are convicted, ilk one of them, in
forty shUhngs (Scots, or 3s. 4d. sterUng), and in consideration
of the premisses ordains them both to be warded until they
satisfy according as they are convicted.
A Doubtful Charge. — September 28, 1590. Compears Janet
Burnet, and confesses her(se]f ) more nor half gone with bairn
to Thomas Gellatly, servitor to the young Laird of Logic,
whose first acquaintance in carnal deall was an fourteen days
before Palm Sunday anno 1590, afore the whilk time she had
never carnal deall with him, although he did ofttimes resort to
this town. Seeing the matter is suspicious, and that the Elders
cannot altogether credit her confession, it is thought meet the
matter be better tried ; and seeing the said Laird of Logic is
* Sic iuMS. 13

194 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
with the King's Majesty in Court, and the said Thomas his
servitor is with him there in service, appoints the Minister,
when as he repairs to the King's Majesty, to try the matter,
and report the surety of the premisses ; and in the meantime
Robert Monipenny becomes cautioner, under the pain of L.IO
(Scots), that she shall obey when she shall be called upon.
Female Decorum enforced. — November 9, 1590, The
Minister and haiU Elders for the time being have found, by
trial of famous and credible witnesses sworn and deponed, that
Catherine Ritchie, daughter to umquhile Robert Ritchie,* has
not behaved herself so christianly as became her, sitting up all
night with sundry men, and in special with James Stewart,
servitor to John Oliphant, who not only was seen to come out
of her mother's house in the morning, but also to pass to the
Wood of Aberdalgie, j behaving themselves suspiciously ; as
also with William Cuchill, James Malloch, miller, and sundry
others : therefore ordains her in all times coming to keep
herself free from this and all such like company, places, and
times, certifying her that in respect the Kirk oversees her now
in this vehement suspicion, if any such like be found hereafter
it shall be holden pro confesso, and she shall be punished as
an harlot ; to the which she herself has willingly agreed, and
promised to keep herself free from all suspicion, and in case
she by the testimony of neighbours be found to do the like,
she shall be punished according to the premisses.
Absence from the Sermon. — November 16, 1590. Compear
-* This individual is already mentioned as the last Prior of the Carmelites
at the Reformation. He conformed to the new system and married, and
Catherine Ritchie is mentioned as his daughter. He is occasionally mentioned
in the Kirk-Session Register. On the 25th of April 1586, the Masters ofthe
Hospital were enjoined to "take order anent the Prior ofthe White Friars;"
and on the 30th of May, the Minister was to "speak'' to the Minister of
Tippermuir concerning him. On the 8th of August 1587, the Kirk-Session
authorized Sir Robert Ritchie's wife to receive the " Martinmas term annuals
next to come, which he uptook during his lifetime, to relieve her of the debt
taken on to support his necessity in time of his sickness;'' and on the 29th of
September 1589, the Kirk-Session allowed " Bessy Robertson, relict of Sir
Robert Ritchie," the liberal weekly aliment of twelve pennies Scots, or one
penny sterling.
+ Aberdalgie is a parish annexed to Dupplin on the banks of the Earn.
Dupplin Castle, the seat of the Earl of KinnouU, is in the united parish, and
the family of Oliphant h.ad a residence close to the church of Aberdalgie.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 195
John M'Walter and Henry Taylor, and were accused for
absence from the preaching on Sunday last, and found guilty
hereof. Seeing this is the first fault, ordains them, Uk one for
his own part, to pay ten shiUings (Scots, or tenpence sterling)
according to the Act of Parliament, and they to be warded
until the same be done.
A Confession of Frailty. — Same date. Compears Janet
Foord, and confesses her fornication with John Ohphant,*
son to my Lord Oliphant, whose carnal deall was three weeks
before Lambmass last ; and submits her(self ) to the discipline
of the Kirk.
A Prevaricating Midwife. — Scmne date. Marion Stewart,
midwife, being inquired if ever, at the request of any, either
man or woman, she concealed the father of an woman harlot's
bairn, and received an bribe therefor, and fathered it on any
other, denied the same; but being appealed before God on her
conscience, (she) at last confessed that she went to John
Firebrand, mason, in Malcolm Hally's close, at the special
request of Janet Ray, and shewed to him that Janet Ray had
fathered her bairn on him, therefore she desired the said John
to receive the bairn, and sustain it, or else give something to
sustain it. Janet Ray, called before the Elders, compeared,
and being demanded who was father to the last bairn she bore,
first confessed that John Brown, servant to Constantine
Melice, was the father. And being appealed of her conscience
before God, she, stricken with dolour of conscience, confessed
that John Firebrand was father to her last bairn, and that she
had never carnal deall with the said John Brown, and likewise
confessed that the said John Firebrand broke in by force upon
her under silence of the night, and forced her against her will
— that at what time she perceived she was with bairn she
revealed the same to the said John Firebrand, who commanded
her not to tell she was with bairn to him, in case that it
should defame him, seeing he was married, which if she did
she would never get anything from him either for the support
of her(self ) or of the bairn ; and for verification of the premisses
grants that she received from the hand of Patrick Gib,
* John Oliphant of Newland, second son of Lawrence fourth Lord Oliphant,
and father of Patrick sixth Lord.

196 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
barrowman, at his command, one merk of silver (Scots, oris. Id.
sterling) : moreover, confessed that she never declared in the
time of her birth who was the bairn's father, because neither
by the midwife nor no other in the time was she required.
The Minister and Elders, understanding well the deceit used
both by Marion Stewart, midwife, and Janet Ray,~in conceahng
the said Janet's bairn's father, partly for the avoiding of
punishment to the one and of gain to the other, think them
both worthy of condign punishment, ordain, therefore, the said
Marion to suffer the rigour of punishment she merits for her
heinous offences, that is, banishment from the town, discharging
of her office, and public repentance on the repenting-stool
being suspended; and likewise, as according to her oath she
came not to reveal this purpose to the Session of our Elders,
that she on Sunday next before noon in time of preaching
shall be at the foot of the stool of repentance, and from that
place shall confess her offence; and that the said Janet Ray
upon the stool of repentance shall confess likewise her offence,
that they may both be example to all others not to attempt the
in times coming.*
Sabbath-breaking. — February 22, 1590-1. Ordains that no
breaker of the Sabbath-day be overseen, but either shall pay
the penalty conform to the Act of Parliament, or else to be
warded hereafter. March 1 — Whilk day John Bog, for
breaking of the Sabbath confessed by himself, submits himself
in the will of the Elders. They ordain him presently to be
warded until he satisfy conform to the Act of Parliament.
March 15 — Seeing that the Assembly is daily troubled with
the breakers of the Sabbath, ordains that in times coming the
¦risitors, whosoever they be. Bailies or Elders, that go through
the town on the Sabbath apprehending them, shaU incon
tinently put them in ward, and they not to be let out thereof
imtil ilk one of them pay the penalty conform to the Act
of Parliament. March 29, 1591 — Whilk day compeared
Laurence Lamb, and promised for himself, and for his own
servants that be fishers, that hereafter on the Sabbath-day he
* This man Firebrand was ordered to appear before the Kirk-Session for his
intimacy with Janet Ray, and on the 15th of April 1591, he refused to "give
an oath to his own turpitude," which induced them to pronounce him guilty.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 197
shall use no fishing, and hkewise promised to desire the rest
to abstain who are partners with him. May 3 — Ordains all
ungodly pastime to be discharged that is used on Sunday at
even after preaching through the haill streets of this town,
especially filthy and ungodly singing about Mays,* and if any
person be found contravening the same, to stand in the cock-
stool and repentance-stool, there to declare their offence, and
and shew their repentance for the same. This to be intimate
from the pulpit.
Parents to give Evidence against their Daughter. — June 7,
1591. Compears Margaret Cock, and being inquired whether
ever she bore an bairn, denied the same, yet confessed that she
had carnal deall with WiUiam Cudbert. Ordains farther inqui
sition to be made hereinto, and her father and mother to be
warned on Monday next, to depone their oath so far as they
know hereunto. August 2 — Forasmeikle as John Hally has
had carnal deall with Jean Whyttock, and William Cudbert with
Margaret Cock, before the upgiving of their banns, ordains
them to satisfy as fornicators therefor; and in case they have
carnal deall betwixt this date of their contract and the day of
their marriage, ilk one to pay forty shillings (Scots, or 3s. 4d.
sterling), or else make their repentance conform to custom
used in siclike.
A Defamer. — August 23, 1591. Forasmeikle as there is
an heavy and suspicious slander arisen that Effie Burns should
have alleged that she had given to the Minister, his wife, and
the Reader, certain gold and silver, to ensure one in particular
to bear with her abuse ; being called and accused hereof denied
the same : moreover, being demanded if she had used familiar
society or company with Thomas Scott, miller, confessed, in
open houses and common company, and no otherwise.
Obstinate Offenders. — September 13, 1591. Whilk day
Hugh Stewart, accused of adultery with Elspith Chrystie,
confessed his carnal deall with her, but under promise of
marriage, thinking her to be free ; therefore (he) was ordained
to desist in time to come from her company, under the pain
of satisfying the Kirk as an adulterer, and suffering of the
* Songs peculiar to or connected with the month of May and its pastimes.

198 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
civil punishment ; nevertheless (he) continuing as of before
in his vile society with her, and called for keeping house with
her, could not deny it, therefore was charged de novo to find
caution to abstain from her company, and as an adulterer to
satisfy the Kirk's injunctions. And yet, after he had compeared
in Dunkeld before the Synodal Assembly in linen clothes, with
her, as adulterers, and after he had given some proof of the
beginning of his repentance in the seat of repentance sundry
preaching-days, he is found as yet (stUl) to resort to her, and
therefore called, she confessed that they had carnal deall since
the admonitions given by the Kirk, and their appearance in the
public place of repentance ; wherefore the Assembly ordains
both to be warded, but first the woman, and the Magistrates
according to the Law of God and Acts of Parliament to punish
her. The Bailies, therefore, warding her, she escaped, and as
was and is believed by his moyen ; therefore ordains the said
Hugh to be apprehended and punished as an adulterer, and an
inquest to be summoned to that effect.
An Incorrigible Gate-Keeper. — September 27, 1591. For
asmeikle as William Kinloch, for no admonitions given to him,
can observe the Port as becomes him on the Sabbath-day,
ordains him to be warded presently, therein to abide until
Sunday next, and thereout brought, and put on the stool of
repentance on Sunday next to make his repentance, to be an
example that no porter do the like in time coming. October
17^ — Wilk day the haill porters, except the porter (keeper) of
the Brig-of-Tay port (William Kinloch), viz. William DarUng,
Nicol (Ronaldson), bellman, WiUiam Gibson, and John Tyrie,
were called, and intimation made to them for better keeping
of the ports on the Sabbath-day ; and in case they be found
to let in any loads, burdens, &c. on the said day, they to make
them repentance, and be discharged of their offices.
A Disorderly House. — November 1, 1591.* Whilk day
* This was the last meeting of the Kirk-Session at which Mr Patrick
Galloway, Minister of Perth, was present. He resigned his charge, and for
some years afterwards he was constantly with James VI. as chaplain. He was
succeeded by Mr John Malcolm, formeriy one of the Regents and Provost or
Principal of St. Leonard's College in the University of St Andrews, and an
intimate friend of Andrew MelviUe. Mr John Malcolm was Minister of Perth
nearly forty years.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 199
Thomas Henrie and his wife were accused for entertaining of
harlots, fugitives from the discipline of other congregations,
men and women, in their house, denied the same, neverthe
less it was sufficiently known that Jean Thornton, an excom
municate person, Christian Spence, with others, resorted ;
therefore the Minister and Elders ordain them more godly to
use their house, that no siclike resort to them, nor have lodging
with them, under pain of severe punishment.
Sahhath-hreaking denounced. — November 2d, 1591. Whilk
day the Minister and Elders understanding that Andrew
Johnston has broken the Sabbath, and likewise contemned the
special and civil Magistrates by his light speeches, ordains him
to pay thirteen shUhngs four pennies (Scots, or Is. Id. sterling)
to the poor, and also to make his repentance on Sunday next,
under the pain of excommunication. December 6 — Ordains all
breakers of the Sabbath whatsoever to make their repentance,
as also those that use their traffic and selling on the said day ;
and this to be intimate from the pulpit on Sunday next.
January 3, 1591-2 — ^ Ordains the haill Bailies with two Elders
to await every Sabbath-day for observation of the Sabbath,
that no handwork, taverning, baking, breaking of flesh, or
any other such like courses be used thereon, that God may be
hailly and holily glorified.
I House of HI Fame. — December 20, 1591. Compear Thomas
Harlow and Janet Grant his ¦wife, and being accused as special
resetters, entertainers, and receivers of idle beggars, thieves,
and sic other unleisome persons, but specially now of new
besides mileisomely placing and putting together in beds un
married and unleisome persons, confessed the same ; therefore
ordains him and his said wife on Sunday next to make their
repentance, and in case they be found hereafter to receive such
persons, they to be banished the town.
A Disorderly Woman. — January 3, 1591-2. Whilk day
Violet Will was accused for playing on doors and windows,
and dancing, on Sundays at even, and uttering of bawdy
songs and singing of filthy ballads, confessed the same ; there
fore the Elders, perceiving her wiUing mind to desist, will use
no rigour, but inhibit her that she do not the like hereafter,
under pain of making her repentance publicly.

200 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
Marriage alloived only on Thursdays. — January 10, 1591-2.
The Minister and Elders ordain that marriages shall be on
Thursdays hereafter, and they to be used betwixt the second
bell and the third on the said day.
No Servants to he received without a Testimonial. — February
7, 1591-2. Forasmeikle as godly and honest men's houses are
abused by evil servants coming from landward, other burghs,
and unleisomely out of neighbours' houses, the Minister and
Elders ordain that no inhabitant within this town receive
either man or woman, nurse, or others, without an sufficient
testimonial of their godly and good behaviour off the place
wherefrom they came, and also that no neighbours receive out
of the houses of their neighbours any servant without an
sufficient testimonial as said is ; and whoever shall be found
to contravene shall pay forty shillings (Scots, or 3s. 4d. ster
ling) to the poor.
Foot-Ball on Sunday denounced. — February 21, 1591-2.
Whilk day compeared John Pitscotty, apparand (heir) of
Loncarty, Finlay Eviot, servitor to the Laird of Balhousie,
John Grieve, Patrick Stiell, Alexander Wilson, Thomas Wilson
alias Webster, Alexander Wilson younger, Alexander Ramsay,
John Reid, John Robertson, Robert Miller, and confessed
that on the Sunday of the fast, in time of preaching, afternoon,
they were playing at foot-ball in the Meadow Inch of the
Muirtown, and that the same was an offence, therefore they
were ordained on Sunday next to make their repentance for
break of the Sabbath.
A Matrimonial Quarrel. — Same date. Whilk day the
Minister and Elders baring understood that John Robertson
has put away Bessy Gibson his spouse from him without an
lawful cause, and behaves himself towards her not as an
husband, the Minister and Elders ordain him to call her home
again, otherwise presently to be warded until he learn his
duty. A Careless Mother. — March 6, 1591-2. Whilk day com
peared Helen Henry, spouse to Thomas Rynd, traveller,* and
being accused of the sudden departure of her infant bairn,
* In reality a traveUing beggar, whose residence was in Perth.

THE KlRK-SESSION REGISTER. 201
confessed her negligence in the same, and submits her (self )
to the will of the Kirk. The Minister and Elders ordain her
to make her public repentance the next Sabbath in the seat
of repentance in linen clothes.
Sunday Drinking. — March 20, 1591-2. The Minister and
Elders understanding that the Sabbath is specially broken by
those that resort to the Inch taverns, and divers other pas
times, in time of preaching, afternoon ; ordains, therefore,
visitation to be had and used after noon by the Bailie quietly
and the Elders for suppressing of the same, and those to
report their diligence the Monday thereafter. Ordains the
Bailies to cause proclamation to be made eight days before ilk
fair and mercat within this burgh, that no buying or selling
be used on the Sabbath, whether it be fair or mercat, even or
day, under pain of condign punishment of the contraveners.
Whilk day John Elshender,* burgess of Edinburgh, was
summoned for break of the Sabbath, and selling his wares
within the same, and being accused for the same, submitted
himself to the will of the Kirk ; yet because he was a stranger,
with admonition remitted him for the present, with promise
that he would not do the like in times coming, who promised
the same.
TTie Observance of Cliristmas-Day prohibited. — March
20, 1591-2. Forasmeikle as the Minister and Elders have had
experience and practice of the abuses that fall out in the time
of Yule, with the slander that arises hereof, besides the evU
example that it furnishes to the landward parishes beside us ;
ordains that an proclamation be made an month before the
next Yule Day, from the authority of the Bailies and (Town)
Council for suppressing of the same in times coming, with an
strict punishment, that none within this burgh (may) allege
ignorance. Frequenters of St Ninian's Fair. — Same date. Ordains
the haiU merchants that were at St Ninian's Fair late, ilk one
to pay six shUlings eight pennies (6d. sterUng) for break of
the Sabbath, and in case they be found to pass or resort to
any mercat on the Sabbath to make their repentance.
* This surname is a corruption of Alexander.

202 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
A Refractory Fisherman. — Same date. Whilk day John
Adam, being called, compeared, and, being desired to fish none
on the Sabbath-day, refused to give obedience; therefore it
was ordained that the next Sabbath he should have the first
admonition before excommunication for his contemptuous
disobedience. A Penitent Flesher. — March 27, 1592. Whilk day com
peared Thomas Elgin, flesher, and was accused for breaking
of flesh the last Sabbath against the Act of Parliament and
the Act of the Kirk, confessed the same; and being required
whether he would give obedience to the Kirk hereafter in this
point, said he would do the same ; therefore, for hope of
amendment, without punishment conform to the Act, he is
forgiven. Fishermen promise not to use their Nets on Sundays. —
April 3, 1592. Whilk day compeared John Barry, George
M'Gregor, younger, David Low, William Clink, Donald John
ston,* and in name of Patrick Anderson, his grandfather, ¦]•
and promised for themselves, and in name of their servants
fishers, that they should shut their nets for fish on the Sabbath-
day hereafter.
A Flesher in Trouble. — April 10, 1592. Whilk day the
Minister and Elders, understanding that Thomas Taylor, flesher,
is an contemptuous breaker of the Sabbath by breaking of
flesh on the said day, ordain him to make his pubhc repentance
on Sunday next. May 10 — Forasmeikle as Thomas Taylor
has been divers and sundry times charged to give obedience
to the voice of the Kirk, and has yet continued obstinate,
therefore the Minister and Elders ordain the first admonition
afore excommunication to be on Sunday next ; and in case he
come to give obedience on the said day, the Minister not to
proceed without advice of the Elders to be had and taken on
Monday next. Juiie 26 — Forasmeikle as Thomas Taylor is
not only found to have given great disobedience to the voice
of the Kirk, and for the same is presently under the admoni
tions afore excommunication, but also has in the meantime
vomit hitherto not only contempt of our ordinance, but also
* Those mon were salmon-fishers in the Tay.
t His father-in-law — his wife's father.

TUE KJRK-SESSlON REGISTER. 203
ungracious and ungodly speeches, for suppressing of the which
it is ordained that the Bailies put the said Thomas Taylor in
ward untU farther order be taken, both for the glory of God
and good example to others in time coming, so that vice may
be suppressed. November 13 — Whilk day, after sundry
warnings and admonitions made from the pulpit, compeared
Thomas Taylor, flesher, and humbly with confession of his
offences in breaking of the Sabbath, and his disobedience to
the voice of the Kirk, submits himself to the will and discipline
of the Kirk ; therefore the Minister and Elders ordain him to
make his public repentance for away taking of the slander
arisen on his foresaid offences, and ordain him to compear on
Sunday next, and in time of preaching to stand bareheaded
before my Lady Gowrie's desk, and, when he shall be reqtured
publicly to give an confession of his said oftences, to do the
same ; and for performance of the premisses, Patrick Oliphant
becomes cautioner under the penalty of L.40 (Scots, or L.3 : 6 : 8
sterling.)* Promises to observe Sunday. — April 17, 1592. Whilk
day compeared John Tendall and George Jack younger, and
promised that their bake-houses hereafter shall not gang (be
used) on the Sabbath. April 24 — Whilk day compeared
Walter Kid, Andrew AVallace, and Thomas Murray, fleshers,
and promised not to break flesh on the Sabbath. May 1 —
Compeared Mr George Ruthven, Archibald Steedman, and
Robert Lamb, and promised hereafter on the Sabbath-day to
use no muffing, polling, washing. -\ May 8 — Compeared
Patrick Anderson, Patrick Lamb, and John Ilutson, fishers,
* This was not the conclusion of Thomas Taylor's affair. He continued
refractory, and on the 3d of July 1592 the Bailies were ordered to imprison
him for his " contemption," and if they refused or were negligent, they were
themselves to be excommunicated.
¦f- Mr Scott volunteers the following explanation on this case: — "These
gentlemen, as appears from other parts of the Register, were chirurgeons, and,
according to the practice of the time, acted also as barbers. They promised,
therefore, that on the Sabbath they would not exercise their trade by
administering to those who were solicitous about their looks or dress delicate
washes or perfumes, by polling or trimming into fashionable shape the beards
of such persons, or by assisting them in muffling, or adjusting properly the
large plaited ruffs they wore round their necks, and which sometimes they
brought up in such a way as to conceal their faces."

204 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
and promised to abstain themselves and their servants from
fishing on the Sabbath. May 15 — Compeared Thomas
Lathriche, and promised obedience from all his handywork in
muffing, washing, &c. on the Sabbath.
An Excommunicated Person and Sunday Pastimes. — May
22, 1592. Whilk day WiUiam Kinloch * is inhibit to suffer
John Hall, excommunicate person, to enter in at the Brig-of-
Tay port, under the pain of deprivation of his office ; as also
that none of the burgh be suffered to go out on the Sabbath,
afore nor after preaching, to the pastime of Scone, and in case
any wiU violently go futth, he to report their names under the
pain aforesaid.
A False Accusation of Theft.— July 31, 1592. Whilk
day, in presence of the Minister and Elders of the burgh of
Perth, being for the present convened, compeared John Barrie,
one of the servants of the Inch Mill of the said burgh, and by
his bill of complaint showed and complained on Michael Lyel,
another servant of the said Mill, who had said that the said
John Barrie was art and part of certain malt taken away and
put out of the said Inch Mill by the said Michael Lyel and
WiUiam Young alias Fiddes, one of his complices, to the great
reproach, slander, and shame of the said John, thereby to
bring him out of all good fame and secure places. The said
Michael being called afore the said Minister and Elders, and
being demanded and examined in the premisses, confessed that
the said John Barrie was neither art nor part of the away
talcing of the foresaid malt, neither consented to the doing
hereof, nor was on the counsel hereof, nor yet was present at
the away taking of the same by the said Michael Lyel and
William Young alias Fiddes, neither yet received any part
hereof. The same being intimate to the said John Barrie, he
desired a testimonial for avoiding of slander in the premisses,
to be granted to him, that the said slanderous fact be not an
hinder to him in any point, especially to his service, seeing he
is but ane poor boy, having nothing to live on but his service.
To the whilk petition the foresaid Minister and Elders in one
* This functionary contrived to retain his situation, notwithstanding his
frequent appearances before the Kirk-Session for his remissness in the office
of keeper of the Brig-of-Tay gate.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 205
voice agreed, and ordained WiUiam Balneaves, reader, and
scribe to the Assembly, to give an testimonial subscribed by
him to that effect.
A Virago Punished. — September 25, 1592. Janet Dick,
spouse to David Allan, called and accused for breaking the
Sabbath, not only by absenting herself from the preaching,
but also in working, in gathering of kail, as also in flyting
with her neighbours, and especiaUy with her husband, and
more, against the law of God in putting hand on her husband
to strike and ding him : ordains her to make her repentance
publicly the next Sabbath, and to pay thirteen shUlings four
pennies (Scots, or Is. Id. sterling) to the poor according to
the Act of ParUament ; and the said David AUan becomes
cautioner for the said Janet Dick his spouse, that hereafter
she shall abstain from flyting with her neighbours, and shall
keep the Sabbath when she is haUl (in health), otherwise she
being found to fail in any of thir foresaid, to pay L.IO (Scots,
or 16s. 8d. sterling) to the poor, and to make her public
repentance. Marriage Regulations. — October 23, 1592. The Minister
and Elders present ordain that hereafter the parties contracters
shall have their cautioners bound for the fulfilling the banns
under L.IO (Scots, or 16s. 8d. sterling) ; likewise under the
same pain they shall be bound that there shall not be any
piping nor scurrility, as also that the parties, being married,
shall not be absent from the preaching under the like pain.
A Sabbath Proclamation. — November 6, 1592. Ordains
John Jack, officiar, on Tuesday next to pass about the town,
and charge and inhibite that no inhabitants within the same
nor parochin thereof buy any flesh on the Sabbath-day ; as
also that no brewster, nor other, mask* on the said day ; and
in case any be found to contravene they shall make their
public repentance.
Female Water - Carriers. — Same date. Compears Violet
Hall, spouse to John Coventry, and Margaret Car, burn-
* Infuse, or mask malt, the same as masking tea. A masking fat is a
mashing vat, in the same way as a masking pat is the popular rural name of
a tea-pot.

206 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
bearers,* and were accused for bearing of burn the last
Sabbath ; confessed the same, therefore they are ordained to
make their public repentance on the seat of repentance the
next Sabbath.
A Death -Bed Confession of Immorality. — January 1,
1592-3. Compears Elspith Culross, and confesses her forni
cation with John Gibson, merchant, and that under promise
of marriage, the whilk the said John confessed, being on his
death-bed, before Mr John Malcolm, Minister, Robert Matthew
and Walter Gray, Elders, being visitors (of the sick) for the
time ; and therefore the said Elspith is appointed to make her
public repentance, and satisfy the Kirk in all points for her
fornication, according to the Order.
Absence from Preaching. — -January 8, 1592-3. The Lady
Endernytiej being warned to compear before the (Kirk)
Session for absenting herself from the kirk on the Sabbath-
day and other preaching days, to the great slander of this
congregation, where she has residence for the present, com
pears Oliver Peebles, Bailie, in her name, and reports that she
is not able, by reason of her sickness, specially the gout, and
therefore is excused. January 19 — The Lady Endernytie,
being called, and accused for absenting herself and the rest of
her family from the hearing of the Word on the Sabbath,
compears, and confesses that she does it not either in contempt
of the Word, or of the Minister, but only by reason of her
sickness, and promises, when she shall be well in health, to
repair more frequently to the kirk and hearing of the Word.:}:
The Dean of Guild at Fault. — January 29, 1592-3.
Compears Henry Adamson (Dean of Guild), and being inquired
* Those poor women were water-carriers, who supplied the citizens with
water from the Tay. At that time, and for nearly three centuries afterwards,
Perth contained no public wells. This procedure is peculiarly disgraceful to
the local tyrants of the Kirk-Session.
+ A property called Innernytie is near the debouch of the Earn into the
Tay, in the parish of Abemethy.
X The Lady Innernytie, as she is teritorially designated according to the
old Scottish custom, was suspected of having Eoman Catholic tendencies.
Two years afterwards her son, or husband, who is styled the Laird of Inner
nytie, is mentioned in the Kirk-Session Register as an " excommunicate
Papist."

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 207
if he knew anything concerning the conspiracy made by the
Earl of Angus,* confessed he knew nothing; and being
accused for riding on the Sabbath-day, confessed the same,
and promises not to do the like hereafter.
An Act against Ante-Nuptial Intercourse. — March 12,
1592-3. The Minister and Elders agree and conclude all in
one voice that carnal deall betwixt man and woman before
marriage is fornication, and therefore ordain that whatsoever
persons contracted be found to have carnal deall together
betwixt the giving up of their banns before the (Kirk) -Session
and the solemnization of their marriage shall pay forty shil
lings (Scots, or 3s. 4d. sterling), and make their public
repentance at the stool before the pulpit the day of their
marriage, according to the act of our (Kirk) Session made the
8th of May 1581 ; and further it is ordained that the woman
come to the stool with her head covered as a fornicatrix, seeing
that her carnal deall before marriage is fornication indeed.
The Perth Surgeons exam.ined. — March 19, 1592-3..,
Compears Mr George Ruthven, Andrew Brown, Thomas
Lathrisk, and John Meling, chirurgeons, and being inquired
if they or any one of them had any persons under cure for the
present who had the goir,| answered all in one voice they had
none ; and further, at the request and command of the Minister
and Elders promised, that if they shall have any such persons
under their care in time coming they should reveal it to the
Minister and Elders, for avoiding of contamination, which
must ensue unto others by their company with persons in such
a disease. The Pledge of the Midwives. — March 19, 1592-3. Com
pears Marjory Russel, Marion Stewart, Bessy Lamberkin, and
Agnes Thomson, midwives, promising not to help in time of
birth any woman suspected either of adultery or fornication,
until the time they confess and declare unto them who is the
bairn's father.
* William Douglas, tenth Earl of Angus, who had conformed to the Roman
Catholic religion, and was concerned in some of the numerous plots to over
throw Presbyterianism, and restore the ancient Hierarchy. The suspected
Noblemen engaged in this particular " conspiracy" had many adherents in
and near Perth, and they were popular with the common people generally.
i" Scotiofe glengore, glengour, gra.ndgore, or lues venerea.

208 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
' A Frail Dame's Confession. — Same date. Compears Isabel
Lundy, adulteress, confessing adultery committed with Walter
Anderson in Balhousie, manifested by procreation of a child
whom she had presently in her hand beforg the (Kirk) Session,
being four years of age, and not entered in the Kirk of (by)
godly baptism ; and therefore the Minister and Elders, seeing
that the Synodal Assembly approached, ordain her to be
present before the Synodal (Assembly) the second day thereof,
which is the 4th of April 1593, and to receive her injunctions
there. Housewife at Fault. — March 26, 1593. Compears Elspith
ForskaiU, and confesses her offence of breaking the Sabbath-
day in time of the public fast and humiliation of this town
and of the haill Estates of the country, but especially by
baking of baken meat, to the great dishonour of God, and
heavy slander of this haill congregation; for the whilk causes
she submits herself to the discipline of the Kirk, and promises
not to do the like in time coming, under the pain of L.IO
(Scots, or 16s. 8d. sterling), and William Inglis became
cautioner for this effect.
The Benediction. — April 9, 1593. Ordains intimation to
be made pubhcly out of the pulpit by the Minister the next
Sabbath-day after sermon before noon, that none depart out
of the kirk before the blessing.
A Transgressing Pid)lican. — April 16, 1593. The (Sunday)
visitors report that strangers, viz. Macintosh, the Laird of
Clunie, and divers others, were drinking in John Elder's in
time of sermon, for the whilk cause the said John was warned
to compear before the (Kirk) Session. Compears John Elder,
and being accused for breaking of the Sabbath-day, specially
for selling of meat and drink to strangers in time of preaching
on the Sabbath before noon, confesses it has been done by
(without) his knowledge, and promises to abstain from the
like in time coming; and being removed, he is excused by the
Elders, from the whilk the Minister disassented.
A Trio of Offenders. — April 13, 1593. Compears John
Craig, and confesses his fornication committed with Margaret
Wilson, and therefore is ordained to make his public repentance
three several days in time of sermon, according to the Order

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 209
here observed. Compears Margaret WUson, fornicatrix, and
confesses likewise her fornication committed with the said
John, and therefore is ordained to make her public repentance
three several preaching-days, according to the Order here
observed. Compears Janet Fendour, relapse in fornication with
Peter Stoup, and therefore is ordained six several preaching-
days to make her public repentance.
Lovers' Quarrels. — May 7,1593. Compears Isabel Hastie,
desiring the contract of marriage made betwixt Wilham Nicol
and her to be absolved, and proclamation of their banns to be
stayed ; the (Kirk) Session, therefore, ordains both the parties
to be present this day eight days, that this may be done with
consent of both. MaylA — Compears Thomas Nicol, in name
and behalf of William Nicol, his father, and Isabel Hastie ;
and the said Thomas being inquired if his father was willing
that the contract of marriage should be dissolved, as the said
Isabel desired, plainly declared the same ; and therefore the
Minister and Elders ordain their banns to be dissolved, seeing
both the parties wiUingly agreed thereto, and for good and
reasonable causes desired the same earnestly to be done. And
farther, the said Thomas, in name and behalf of his father,
protests that Isabel Hastie, or her cautioner, pay the penalty of
L.IO (Scots, or 16s. 8d. sterling), by reason of her backsliding,
to the whilk the Minister and Elders do agree, and ordain
Mr Henry Anderson, cautioner for the said Isabel, to pay the
sum aforesaid. May 21 — Compears Andrew Smith, with
Janet Purves, and by reason of their discord and disagreement,
the (Kirk) Session has dissolved their contract of marriage
with consent and assent of both the said parties ; likewise the
Session ordains each one of them to pay L.IO (Scots) for the
performance of the banns of ' marriage according to their
promise ; and, thirdly, ordains each one of them to make their
public repentance for their fornication committed by them, as
they confessed themselves.
Strangers not to be allowed to reside in Perth. — July 23,
1593. Forasmeikle as sundry gentlemen, both mean and
great, resort unto this town with their famihes to dwell here,
and make their residence among us, whose behaviour here
tofore in other congregations is altogether unknown to us;
14

210 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
and seeing that the said gentlemen strangers, this year ha'ring
residence among us, have absented themselves from hearing the
Word preached, to the great contempt of God, to the prejudice
of their own salvation, and to the evil example of this congre
gation ; therefore the Minister and Elders statute and ordain
that no strangers, mean or great, be suffered to have residence
here, except they give a confession of their faith before the
Session when it shall be required of them, and resort on the
preaching-days to the hearing of the Word, whereby they may
be known to be Christians indeed.*
A Female Slanderer. — July 30, 1593. The Minister and
Elders have found and tried that Giles Fall has slandered
John Pitcairn, Elder, both publicly and privately, and therefore
ordain the said Giles to compear and present herself in the
place of pubhc repentance, and there declare herself truly
penitent for the ungodly slander and false accusations against
the said John.
Ignorant Persons not permitted to be Married. — August 6,
1593. Compears James Anderson with Eupheme Purves,
and give up their banns of marriage to be proclaimed; caution,
for the man, John Rogie ; for the woman, Patrick Malloch.
But because both the one and the other, the man and the
woman, are ignorant of their Belief, f and cannot give a
confession of their faith, therefore it is appointed that none of
the foresaid persons contracted be married, or receive any
benefit of the Kirk, unto the time that they learn to give a
confession of their faith.
State of the Parish. X — August 6, 1593. Because that

¦* See the Act of the Scottish Pariiament, 23d October 1581. The above
resolution of the Kirk-Session had reference to an unusual influx into Perth
of the adherents of the Roman Catholic Nobility theu under prosecution for
alleged "treasonable practices." It was intended to constitute Perth, on
account of its central situation and other advantages, the rendezvous of the
party. + Apparently the Apostles' Creed, which was commonly called in Scotland
the Belief.
X The parish of Perth, or " landward " district, in which the " Fair City "
is situated nearer to the north than to any other extremity, is about four
miles in length from north to south, and the greatest breadth from east to
west is about three miles.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 211
sundry great enormities are found to be in the landward parts
of this congregation, but speciaUy the break ofthe Sabbath (by)
working, shearing, and leading,* on the same, therefore the
Minister and Elders have appointed a visitation to be of the
landward part of the congregation, whilk shall begin on
Tuesday next, and Alexander Brown, Constantine Mehce,
John Colt, John Pitcairn, and Walter Gray, to concur with
the Minister for this effect.
Sunday Travelling and State of the Poor. — August 20,
1593. Compears Thomas Guthry, who confesses he brake
the Sabbath by travelhng, carrying, and inbringing of loads,
and therefore ordains the Act of Parhament made concerning
the break of the Sabbath to be put in execution against him,
viz. to cause the said Thomas to pay twenty shillings (Scots)
unforgiven, to the whilk he agreed, and promised not to do
the like under the pain of L.IO (Scots). The Minister and
Elders, understanding many poor, sick, and indigent old
persons for the present to be in this congregation, ordain James
Adamson and Andrew Donaldson to give them something for
their help and support, and to be distributed by them in
manner subsequent, f
No Reapers to he hired on Sundays. — August 27, 1593.
Forsomeikle as in the time of harvest sundry both men and
women, shearers, resort to this town on the Sabbath, walking
up and down the streets in time of the preaching, waiting only
to be hired and on worldly profit, little or nothing regarding
the profit of their souls, whilk thing as, on the one part, it is
dangerous to the persons, breakers of the Lord's Sabbath, so,
on the other part, it bringeth heavy slander on us through the
country, and will bring greater except remeid be had in time
coming ; therefore the Minister and Elders ordain the porters to
hold them out, under the pain of deprivation of them (the
porters) in case through their negligence they have access and

¦• Reaping and carrying the victual to the barn-yard. The above intimates
that the harvest was early in 1593, notwithstanding the miserable state of
agriculture, the want of draining, and other inconveniencies.
t Thirteen persons, some of whom had numbers of children, received this
donation. The largest sum awarded was five shillings and sixpence sterling,
and the smaUest was sixpence.

212 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
entry, and likewise that the Bailies remove and banish them
(from) the town, and suffer no such enormities to be unpunished.
A most disorderly Person. — Septemher 3, 1593. Andrew
Walker, flesher, being delated and accused for breaking of the
Sabbath-day, specially by inordinate drinking and drunken
ness, by swearing and horrible blasphemy of the blessed
Name of God, and that customarily, for absenting himself
from the hearing of the Word before and after noon on the
Sabbath, and for breaking of flesh on the Sabbath, could
not deny it ; and therefore (he) is ordained to make his public
repentance, that others may learn in time coming not to do
the like.
No Children or Dogs admitted into the Parish Church. —
September 10, 1593. Because in time of teaching on the
Sabbath both the Minister and hearers are perturbed by
yoimg bairns brought to the kirk that cannot profit, and
likewise by barking of dogs, therefore it is ordained that they
shall have no access to the kirk in time of teaching, and if
they come to be removed by the beadle.
An Old Offender punished. — November 5, 1573. Forso
meikle as William Kinloch, porter at the Brig-of-Tay port,
has sundry and divers times been found negligent in his office
and slanderous in his life, and now, last, in the time of pubhc
fast and humiliation, in time of sermon before noon, on the
Sabbath, in James Blyth's house was found drinking, whilk he
could not deny ; therefore the Minister and Elders ordain him
to compear in the place of public repentance barefooted and
bareheaded, under the pain of excommunication, to declare his
repentance before the congregation, whom he by his wicked
and ungodly life has often offended and slandered.
An alleged Rape. — November 19, 1593. David Hering
(or Heron) compeared, who being accused for ravishing of
(Agnes or Ann) Kinnaird, daughter to the Laird of Inchture,*
* This Laird of Inchture was Patrick Kinnaird, who mamed Euphemia,
daughter and co-heiress of Gilbert Gray' of BaUndoran, a son of Lord Gray,
and who was killed in 1590 by William son of Patrick Ogilvie of Inchmartin.
Patrick Kinnaird of Inchture was an ancestor of the Lords Kinnaird of Rossie
Priory, the first of whom was created Baron Kinnaird of Inchture in the
Peerage of Scotland in 1682, and whose desendant George William Fox,
ninth Lord, was created Baron Rossie of Rossie, in the Peerage of Great
Britain, in 1S31.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 213
answered, he ravished her not at all, but aU that he did was
done both with the consent of the gentlewoman and likewise
with the consent of her friends ; and promised, notwithstanding
she was in his company, he should keep himself honest, and,
so far as he can, offer no occasion of slander to this congrega
tion where he has residence.
Absolving ofa reputed Murderer. — November 26, 1593.
Whilk day the Minister and Elders, after trial and examination
of famous witnesses, have found that John Cousnie, stabler,
and his spouse, have not only privately traduced, but also
pubhcly slandered, WUham Ramsay, son to umquhile William
Ramsay, notar, calling him murderer and manslayer, saying
plainly and openly that he had slain and murdered their son,
whereof he purged himself to be guiltless, and that by a
solemn oath before the haill (Kirk) Session ; therefore the
Minister and Elders foresaid, although thir persons' slanders
deserved to be condignly punished, have overseen this their
fault, with certification to them, and ilk one of them, if they
be found in time coming either publicly or privately to slander
the said William, that then the Act made for the punishment
of slanderers shall strike upon, and be put in execution
against them in all points.
Alleged Amour of the Lay Prior of the Charterhouse. —
February 11, 1593-4. Compears Elspith Carstairs, and, after
long and earnest dealing with her, confessed her adultery
committed with James Balfour, Prior of the Charterhouse, to
whom she is presently with bairn, as she confessed, and to
none other ; and that the said James had carnal deall with
her once, and no more, in (during) the night of the said
James' wife being absent in her father's. And Thomas
Oliphant in Friarton promised faithfully to exhibit and present
her before the (Kirk) Session this day fifteen days, as also
became cautioner under the pain of L.40 (Scots, or L.3 : 6 : 8
sterUng) for the accomplishing of her repentance, and per
forming of all things that shall be enjoined to her to do.*
Private and Public Admonitions. — March 11, 1593-4»

* This lay Prior of the Charterhouse, on the 17th of November 1594, denied
on oath the charge preferred against him by Elspith Carstairs.

214 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
The Minister and Elders have ordained and concluded, accord
ing to the Word, that persons privately offending shall be
privately admonished, and make a privy satisfaction ; and
again, persons publicly offending shall publicly be rebuked,
and make a public satisfaction, that others by their example
may learn not to do the like, and so sin, which daily increases,
be stayed and repressed, to the glory of God and the weal of
Christ Jesus' Kirk.
A Tavern-Keeper admonished. — Same date. Compears
John Elder, cook, being warned to this day, and being accused
for receiving of the Earl of Angus, an excommunicate Papist,
and selling of ale and wine in his house on the Sabbath,
answered, first, that the Earl of Angus was received in his
house, but of his conscience he knew not that it was he indeed;
secondly, for selling of ale, answered, he knew not of it
himself, being out of the town in Dunkeld with my Lord of
Atholl, and that his wife was in the kirk ; yet, notwithstand
ing, the Minister and Elders, considering that of before he has
been sundry and divers times found guilty of the like faults,
ordain him to pay an merk (Scots) according to the Act of
Parliament, and to humble himself privately before the Session,
with certification to him, that if he be found culpable of the
Uke faults in time coming he shall make his public repentance
as a contemner of God, and a manifest breaker of His holy
Sabbath dedicated to His holy service. *
Conditional Baptism.— Aprril 22, 1594. Compears John
Salmond, in name and behalf of Alexander Salmond his
brother, presently lying bed-fast diseased with the hot fever,
as he declared, and desired the said Alexander's bairn, gotten
in fornication, to be baptized because it was weak, and in
danger of death ; the Minister and Elders answer, they would
not, except caution were found that the said Alexander, how
soon he convalesced, should pay the penalty and make his
public repentance. Alexander Forbes becomes cautioner for
this effect, and the suit is granted.
* The Earl of Angus, who was the cause of offence in this case, was to have
left Scotland after the 1st of the preceding February. It was alleged that his
Lord.ship was an " excommunicate," but he had been " excommunicated "
merely by the Synod of Fife, a fraternity who had no jurisdiction over him.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 215
Punishment for absence from the Preaching. — May 20,
1594. Compears Robert Brown, and confesses he brake the
Sabbath in absenting himself from the hearing of the Word,
and therefore ordains him to make his public repentance, and
to pay a merk (Scots) according to the Act of Parliament.
A Disappointed Courtship. — May 27, 1594. Compears
Robert Ross, son to Wilham Ross, tailor, and confesses
that at sundry times he had carnal deall with Janet Bell,
daughter to umquhUe David Bell, first, on Monday before
Andrewm ass-day last in her mother's ale-house at eleven
hours at even, the time being condescended upon before ; next,
on Sunday immediately thereafter following, and no oftener
in November, as he aUeged. He affirmed Ukewise he had
carnal deaU with the said Janet on Saturday the fourth day
of May in his father's brew-house, where they both remained
together betwixt eleven hours and three afternoon, as he
constantly alleged and affirmed. Lastly, he produced ane
certain book written with his own hand, containing the times
he had carnal deall with her, whilk book being tried by the
Minister and Elders, the allegiances (allegations) are found
falsified, and that by reason of many contradictions contained
in the book. For the whUk cause he was ordained by the
Minister and Elders to declare his repentance, and to confess
his offence in that point, as he did, Ordains Janet Bell to
compear before the Session this day eight days. June 3 —
Compears Janet BeU, being warned to this day, and being
inquired if at any time Robert Ross had carnal deall with her,
plainly denies the same, and protested before the living God
that she never had carnal deall with him, or with any other
man U^ring. And likewise being demanded if that she was
¦with the said Robert in his father's brewhouse betwixt eleven
hours and three afternoon, on Saturday the fourth day of May,
plainly denies the same, and further took on her to prove, by
honest and famous witnesses, that she was alibi induring the
foresaid space ; to the whilk the Minister and Elders willingly
agreed, and appointed her to bring her witnesses the next
day. June 11 — Whilk day being assigned for the trial and
examination of the witnesses for the part of Janet Bell, com
pears the said Janet with her witnesses, viz. Robert Liddel,

216 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
cordiner, William Reid, Thomas Gibson, inmaUer,* Janet
Pourie, servitrix to Gavin Dalzell, John Jamieson, and Ca
tharine Pourie, inmaUer. AU being admitted and sworn on
the damnation or salvation of their souls to declare the truth
in the matter that they are solemnly inquired of, so far as
they know, and that before Robert Ross, deponed in manner
subsequent: — First, Robert Liddel testifies that Janet Bell
was in her mother's house on Saturday the fourth day of
May from eleven hours before noon to one afternoon. William
Reid testifies that he and certain others with him were in her
mother's house on Saturday the fourth day of May betwixt
eleven hours in the day and three afternoon, the said Janet
Bell serving hun and those that were at the table with him.
Thomas Gibson, inmailer, testifies that on the day foresaid he
saw the said Janet serving in her mother's house betwixt
twelve hours and a half hour to three. Janet Pourie likewise
testifies that on the day foresaid the said Janet Bell bought
from her three chopins of wine, the first at one afternoon, the
second at two, the third at half hour to three. John Jamieson
and Catherine Pourie testified as the witnesses of before. In
consideration of the premisses the Session ordained Robert
Ross to make his public repentance, and to confess his offence
publicly in presence of the haill congregation ; and the said
Janet Bell to be declared innocent in so far as they can either
know or say. July 15 — Compears Alexander Moncrief with
Janet Bell, and give up their banns of marriage to be pro
claimed, "f
A Dean of Guild and his Slanderers. — July 8, 1594. The
Minister and Elders understanding that James Doning and
William Doning his son have falsely slandered and most
* A mailer is a farmer, or one who pays rent for. land, and also one who
tills a small piece of ground as a cottar.
+ Though Janet BeU's preference of Alexander Moncrief was evidently the
direct cause of the accusation of Robert Ross against her chastity, it appears
that he and the immaculate Janet had been on peculiarly intimate terms. On
the 16th of December 1594 it is recorded — "Compears Janet Bell, and
confesses the bairn that she bore was to Robert Ross, gotten in fornication
with him, notwithstanding of her constant denial of before, with horrible
imprecations and oaths; but because the matter is weighty, therefore the
Session remits her to the Presbytery to be tried."

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 217
unjustly traduced Henry Adamson, merchant-burgess of this
burgh of Perth, and WUUam Robertson, notar there, partly
by their own confession, both before the Session and Presbytery,
partly also by their infamous libels and slanderous tickets
written and subscribed with their own hands, and thereafter
affixed on both the kirk doors on Sunday the last day of June,
being a day appointed for public fasting and humiliation, as
also for the celebration of the Holy Supper of the Lord, which
infamous libels were written and affixed by them of malice, as
the effect proved, and of malicious intention to defame both
the said Henry Adamson and William Robertson, and to make
them, so far as in them lay, to be abominable both in the
hearts and before the eyes of all men and women intending to
communicate at the holy table of the Lord that day ; therefore
the Minister and Elders foresaid ordained the said James
Doning and William Doning his son to be apprehended by
the Bailies, and to be put in ward, there to remain ay and
until they find sufficient caution to satisfy for their slander
and offence as will be enjoined to them by the Session in all
points. And although the offence of the slanderers foresaid
deserved to be punished with all rigour and severity, and also
that the Act made against slanderers should strike upon them
in all points, without any favour or dispensation, yet the
Session, having regard in special to James Doning, his decrepit
age and gray hairs, have mitigated the censures which justly
might have been extended against them, and for removing of
the slanders have ordained them only to satisfy as follows —
First, the persons slanderers foresaid on an Sunday before
noon, at the second bell to the preaching, shall come to the
south kirk door, where they affixed their infamous libel, and
stand there until the third bell be rung and ended ; thereafter
they shall come to the public place of repentance, there to
sit bareheaded until the preaching be ended ; lastly, in the
presence of the congregation after sermon they shaU confess
their offence as they shall be required by the Minister, and
thereafter come down and ask the persons' pardon and for
giveness whom they ungodly traduced and unjustly slandered.*
¦• The " slander " of which James Doning and his son were guilty'seems to
have originated in a quarrel connected with the then ruinous Hospital and

218 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
Sunday Tippling. — August 26, 1594. The visitors report
that the Laird of Redhall was drinking in Duncan Robertson's
house in time of preaching, and therefore ordains the said
Duncan to pay the penalty according to the Act of Parhament.
A Denial of Paternity. — September 16, 1594. Compears
WUliam Jack, and protested before the living God that the
bairn whereof Martha Hay was lately dehvered was no ways
his, and that he was not the father of it, as he will answer to
God at the day of judgment.
A Female Sunday Defaulter.— September 23, 1594. The
visitors report that Bessie Kinglassie, booster, bought nets on
the Sabbath, as also injured an Elder who rebuked her for
making merchandize on the Lord's day. Compears Bessie
Kinglassie, who being accused and convicted for breaking of
the Sabbath by buying of nets, and likewise for injuring an
Elder in his own house, is ordained, first, to declare her
repentance privately before the Elders ; secondly, to pay an
merk (Scots) according to the Act of Parhament ; and, thirdly,
to ask the Elder pardon and forgiveness whom she injured
in the common street, before his own yett.
A Frail Penitent and her Paramour. — October 14, 1594.
Compears Christian Ferguson, trelapse in fornication, and
confesses her third fault of fornication committed with Robert
Cudbert, and therefore ordains her to be apprehended by the
Baihes, and thereafter to be put in Halkerston's Tower, there
to remain for the space of twenty days, and to stand six hours
on the Cross-head in the jougs ; and, last, to compear nine
preaching -days in the place of public repentance. October
28 — Compears Robert Cudbert, trelapse in fornication, and
confesses his third fault of fornication committed with Christian
Ferguson, and therefore the Session ordains him to satisfy in
aU points, viz. the days of warding, repentance, and penalty,
to be trippled according to his triple fault ; and because he
has not silver presently, he promises faithfully to produce his
penalty this day fifteen days.
Sabbath- Breaking. — October 28, 1594. Compears John
Chapel of St Anne, of which the elder Doning was patron, and had resigned
to the Kirk-Session on the 11th of July 1680. The ground was alienated and
let to Mr WiUiam Rynd, Minister of Kinnoull, on the 11th of November 1588.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 219
Bennet in Muirtown, and confesses he broke the Sabbath by
leading of corn thereon in the time of harvest, and likewise
by customable absenting of himself from the hearing of the
Word ; and, last, he is found not to have resorted to the holy
table of the Lord thir three years bypast ; and, therefore, he
is ordained the next Sabbath to compear in the place of pubhc
repentance, to declare his repentance for the causes foresaid,
and likewise to pay two merks (Scots, or 2s. 2d. sterling) to
the poor. — Compears Peter Cunningham, and confesses he
led corn on the Sabbath until eight hours only. The Session
finds that he is a breaker of the Sabbath, and therefore ordains
him to declare his public repentance the next Sabbath, and to
pay an merk to the poor, according to the Act of Parliament.
— Compears Thomas Ohphant in Friarton, and confessesh^e
convened and hired hookers or shearers on the Sabbath in
time of harvest, but not absented himself from the hearing of
the Word, and promises to abstain from the like in time
coming ; as also promised himself, and to cause his family, to
keep the Sabbath, in all time coming, under the penalty of
L.IO (Scots); and likewise promises to bring an testification
from the Minister of Cupar-in-Fife that Elspith Carstairs,*
adulteress, for whom he became cautioner, was never able to
return, by reason of her sickness and disease, to satisfy for
her adultery, t
A Disorderly Baptism. — December 2, 1594. Compears
William Donaldson, John Swan, Christian RoUock, and the
spouse of James Tyrie, and confess that they were present in
St Catherine's Chapel as witnesses at the baptism of an
adulterous bairn gotten by one George Speedie with Rosie
RoUock, whilk bairn was baptized by Mr John Hambill
(Hamilton?), deprived from all office of the holy ministry,
* This was the damsel who had accused Mr James Balfour, lay Prior of
the Charterhouse, of illicit intercourse with her. See the date, 11th February
1593-4. + This woman soon afterwards died, and ou the 17th of November 1694,
Mr James Balfour appeared before the Kirk-Session, and solemnly declared
that her accusation against him was false. The Kirk-Session received his
oath, and merely admonished him to " repair and resort to the kirk, and to
give good example to others in the good keeping and observance of the
Sabbath-day, which he promised to do."

220 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
whilk persons being removed and censured, their fault is found
to be very weighty, and that this their doing brought a hea'vy
slander upon the congregation ; and therefore ordains them
the next Sabbath to stand barefoot and barelegged in sackcloth
at the kirk door from the second bell to the third, and
thereafter come to the place of public repentance to give a
pubhc confession of their heinous fault, and to declare their
unfeigned repentance for the same, under the pain of excom
munication if they refused.
Compulsory Attendance on Thursdays at the Preaching. —
January 6, 1594-5. Forasmeikle as sundry both honest men
and women absent themselves on the Thursday from the
hearing of the Word, contrary to the ordinance of the Session
made the fifth of May fourscore seven years, and ratified by
the (Town) Council, therefore ordains that the next Sabbath
it be intimated from the pulpit that every honest man and
woman resort to the preaching on the Thursday, and the
"risitors on the Sabbath to visit on the Thursday also, that the
Thursday's preaching may be frequented in time coming.*
A Contumacious Offender. — April 29, 1595. Andrew
Gardner, baxter, suspected of adultery with Isabel Murdoch and
Beatrice Reid, and confessed by thir said women, for the whilk
the one has made her repentance, and the other is willing,
refuses to purge himself by an solemn oath on an Sunday after
sermon before noon in presence of the congregation, and that
according to the Act of the vSynodal Assembly and practice of
other congregations ; therefore ordains him to receive three
admonitions before excommunication, and if he remain obstinate
to excommunicate him simpliciter, seeing he hath been dealt
with them two years bygone both privately, and publicly
before the Session and Presbytery.
A Delicate Admission. — Same date. Forasmeikle as Mar
garet Doeg, fornicatrix with Patrick Crighton, is suspected to
have abused herself with others, and that her confession is
* Mr Scott observes — " Visitors for the Thursday continued to be appointed
for six or eight weeks, but they made no report on record of what they
observed on the Thursday. The impropriety of such an appointment uo doubt
appeared after cool deliberation, and therefore, after March 3, seems to have
been entirely laid aside."

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 221
feigned, therefore ordains her to purge herself by solemn oath
upon Sunday next after preaching before noon in presence of
the congregation, that she never had carnal deall with any
other except with Patrick Crighton, whom she alleged to be
her bairn's father.
Persons under Scandal not to Marry. — July 14, 1595.
Compears Patrick Butter with Grizel Bisset, and give up
their banns of marriage to be proclaimed ; cautioner for the
man, Adam Gray, for the woman, Walter Elder; but because
the Elders are informed that the said Grizzel has committed
adultery, and are uncertain whether she has satisfied therefor,
she is ordained to bring a testimonial from the minister where
she was before, and that otherwise her marriage should stay.
July 21 — Patrick Butter confesses his fornication committed
with Grizel Bisset, and therefore appoints both the said persons
to make their repentance publicly before their marriage.
A Rogue. — July 21, 1595. Ordains Thomas Cargill to declare
his public repentance before his marriage, because that thir
years bypast he gave himself out for a fool and profane
sporter, walking in a foolish garment, and playing the
counterfeit man, whilk is slanderous.
A Delicate Investigation. — Septemher 15, 1595. Compears
Andrew Moncrief with Janet Bruce, and give up their banns
of marriage to be proclaimed ; caution for the man, Andrew
Moncrief, baxter ; for the woman, Patrick Bruce, her father.
The Session, understanding that there is an open slander and
bruit that Andrew Moncrief had carnal copulation with Janet
Bruce in his own wife's time, inquired of them if it was so,
who constantly denied the same ; and being desired to purge
themselves by an oath, were willing to do the same, yet they
were desired to be advised first, and thereafter give their oath
before the accomplishment of their marriage. Septemher 29 —
Compears Andrew Moncrief with Janet Bruce, and both
purged them by an solemn oath before the Session that they
never had carnal copulation together, and therefore craved
their marriage to go forward without any farther impediment.
The Session was satisfied, and yielded to their suit.
A Disorderly House. — Septemher 29, 1595. It is found
by trial of honest and famous neighbours, that Katherine

222 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
Durinoch receives into her house infamous persons, drunkards,
and other like idle beggars and vagabonds, and that under
silence of night, to the great slander of this congregation ; and
therefore the Session gravely admonished her to behave herself
honestly, and to receive no infamous persons into her house
neither by day nor by night; and if it be found in time coming
that she do the same, to make her repentance publicly, and to
be banished.
Two quarrelsome Beadles. — October 27, 1595. Because
John Jack and Archibald Steedman tulzied in the kirk, to the
great slander of this congregation, therefore the Session ordains
them the next Sabbath to declare their repentance publicly,
for removing of the slander. November 10 — John Jack
declares that he is not able continually to await upon the
Session as officiar, and therefore demits his office freely, that
another be appointed in his stead.
Increasing Immorality. — November 3, 1595. Compears
Robert Taylor, and, after long dealing, confesses his adultery
¦with Margaret Smith ; and besides this, the Session finds him
to be a man many ways slanderous in his life, as by drinking,
swearing, and blaspheming the name of God, abusing of his
wife by striking and dinging of her ; and therefore ordains him
to be punished condignly to the example of others. November
10 — Compears Andrew Conqueror, after long and divers
citations, and being inquired if he had carnal deall with his
own servant, answers (that) he had carnal deall with her, but
not in this congregation, but in the parish of Scone, where he
and the woman both had satisfied for their offence, and there
fore ought not to be cited by this Session. He being removed,
the Session thought good he should purge himself by an oath,
because he was slandered with the said woman before he passed
out of this town; and therefore he, re-entering again, was
desired to purge himself by an oath, whilk he refused to do,
and departed; the Session therefore ordained him to be warned
de novo, that either he purge himself by an oath, or then to
be holden pro confesso. — Compears Walter Anderson, relapse
in fornication, and confesses his second fault of fornication
with Janet Logan. The Session finds he has been a very
obstinate man, and disobedient to their ordinance this haill

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 223
year bypast, and therefore appoints him to be committed to
ward that he may be humbled. — Thomas AVatson, suspected
of incestuous adultery committed with Bessy Guthry, being
sundry and divers times dealt with by the Session to glorify
God by a simple confession, plainly and constantly denied that
ever he had carnal deall with the said Bessy ; and therefore
ordains him the next Sabbath to present himself in the midst
of the kirk after preaching afore noon, and purge himself by
an solemn oath in presence of the congregation.
A Sunday Order. — November 17, 1595. The Session
ordains that it shall be pubhcly intimated out of pulpit the
next Sabbath, that no plaids nor clothes be hung over stairs
on the Sabbath, under the pain of six shillings eight pennies
(Scots, or sixpence sterling) to be paid by the doers hereof.
Tyranny of the Kirk-Session. — December 8, 1595. It is
found and tried that the Laird of Innernytie,* excommunicate
Papist, was received and entertained in Gabriel Mercer's house
by the space of three days, not^withstanding that intimation
was made out of the pulpit that none should receive him in
lodging within this congregation ; but, because the most part
of the Elders were absent, refers this matter to a more full
Assembly. December 15 — The Assembly being fully con
vened, and having tried the fault of Gabriel Mercer, in whose
house the Laird of Innernytie, excommunicate Papist, was
received and entertained, has concluded for the most part that
the said Gabriel shall the next Sabbath, after the sermon
before noon, in his own place give publicly a declaration of
his negligence and oversight in receiving the excommunicate
person foresaid, that others may learn by his example not to
do the hke.f
A Toper. — December 22, 1595. Compears Finlay M'Kin-
ness, and confesses he brake the Sabbath by absenting himself
from hearing of the Word, and drinking in taverns with
Highlandmen ; and therefore ordains him to make his repen
tance, and pay an penalty, according to the Act of Parliament.
A Traveller examined. — Same date. Compears Alexander
* The Laird of Innemytie's family name was Stewart.
+ Mr Gabriel Mercer's offence was aggravated by the circumstance that he
was at the time a member of the Kirk-Session.

224 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
Lowrie, and being inquired by the Ministers' if in his last
being out of this country he had been in Spain, answered, that
he was in Portugal, but was never present at Mass, neither
gave reverence to any procession, and that he was never
demanded by them concerning his rehgion. The said
Alexander being removed and censured, it was thought good
by the Session that he should be admonished not to travel
to these parts again except that they were otherwise reformed
in religion.
Sabbath-Breaking. — December 29, 1595. Compears John
Spens, who brake the Sabbath by absenting himself from the
hearing of the Word, accused also for his unreverent behaviour
to the Minister and Bailie being visiting the families, and
therefore ordains him to be committed to ward, until he be
humbled, and find caution to do his duty. — ^ James Drummond,
Elder, reports that John Wilson, merchant, with sundry others
was at the Fair of Fowlis, where on the Sabbath-day they set
forth their stands to sell and make merchandise ; and likewise
Constantine Melice, Elder, reports that the said John Wilson
was at the mercat of Crieff, and travelled thither on the
Sabbath ; and therefore the Session ordains the said John
Wilson, vrith the rest of his neighbours, profaners of the
Sabbath, to compear before them the next day for trial of this
matter. — Mr George Ruthven, chirurgeon, gives in a bill of
complaint upon Archibald Steedman, declaring and regretting
that the said Archibald had profaned the Sabbath sundry and
divers times by shaving and polling gentlemen and strangers
on the said Lord's Day, as James Stewart of Achmadoes,
the Laird of Redhall, and John Windiegates, katour f to his
* Perth had now two Ministers who were colleagues — Mr John Malcolm,
and Mr William Cowper, who had been previously minister of Bothkennar in
Stirlingshire, and was afterwards Bishop of Galloway and Dean of the Chapel-
Royal of Holyrood Palace. On the 23d of June 1595 it is recorded — " Whilk
day the Session being convened, all in one voice, after sundry and divers
times hearing of Mr William Cowper, nominate by the Commissioners of the
General Assembly, Synodal, and Presbytery of Perth, have allowed his doc
trine, and at his returning shall accept of him to be their minister and
fellow-labourer with Mr John Malcolm their present minister." Mr William
Cowper attended the Kirk-Session for the first time on the 29th of September.
+ Caterer or provider.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 225
Majesty. The said Archibald, being accused and tried, is
found guilty of the breach of the Lord's Sabbath, and therefore
the Session ordains him the next Sabbath to compear in the
place of public repentance for the foresaid offence.
Frail Confessions. — January 5, 1595-6. Compears
Isabel Elder, being charged to this day because she was
suspected to have abused herself by whoredom with sundry
men, and her formal deposition falsified and controuled ; and
now again, after long dealing by the Minister and Session on
the one part, and constant denial by her on the other part, at
last confesses her adultery committed with Henry Adamson,*
to whom she is presently with bairn, as she alleged, and
confesses that the said Henry had carnal deall with her about
Whitsunday last in Patrick Mathew's ale-house once and no
more. The Session ordains Henry Adamson to be charged
to compear before them how soon he comes to the town.
January 26, 1595-6 — Compears Henry Adamson, to whom
it was declared that Isabel Elder had confessed and declared
that she was with bairn to him, and that he had carnal deall
with her, and therefore it was craved of him that simply he
would declare the truth in that matter. He answered, that
neither had he carnal deall with her, neither is the bairn his ;
and therefore the Session has ordained him to purge himself
publicly by an oath before the congregation, according to the
practice used, otherwise to be holden pro confesso. February
9 — ^ Compears Eupheme Burns, and confesses her adultery
committed with Thomas Scott, and likewise confesses that she
of before being put in the Thief's Hole by the Bailies, the
lock and irons were broken by Jean Brown, spouse to Thomas
Dow, and one Anne Duff. The Session ordains the said
persons to be tried, that order may be taken with them.
Keepers of disorderly Houses. — April 19, 1596. Katherine
Durinoch was delated by the visitors to have been absent from
the kirk in time of preaching, who, being called, compeared,
and confesses the same ; and therefore the Session judge her
to be a breaker of the Sabbath, and ordains her to be
committed to ward until she pay an merk (Scots, or Is. Id.
* The Dean of Guild, notorious as the paramour of Jean Thornton, the
wife of Oli-ver Peebles. 15

226 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
sterling) according to the Act of Parliament. — Helen Lowden
likewise was delated to have been absent from the kirk in
time of preaching ; and farther it was declared by some of the
Session that the said Helen was such a person as received
into her house infamous persons, as beggars, idle bellies, and
vagabonds, to the great slander of this congregation. She
being called, compeared, and confessed her break of the
Sabbath, but denied that she at any time received into her
house infamous persons ; yet the Session, being persuaded of
the contrary, ordained her for the present to be committed to
ward until she pay an merk (Scots) according to the Act of
Parliament ; and farther declared to her, if at any time she
shall be found to receive any infamous persons, she should be
banished the town as an woman unworthy to have residence
in any Reformed congregation, whereunto she -willingly
condescends. A Landlady rebuked. — May 17, 1596. Compears Agnes
Robertson, spouse to Duncan Robertson, and was rebuked,
first, for her disobedience, being so often charged to compear
before the Session ; and, secondly, for selUng of wine in her
house on the Sabbath in time of preaching, and in special to
the Laird of Niddery,* and to certain others with him. She
confesses she has offended by not compearing, being so often
charged, but denied she had sold any wine in time of preaching
on the Sabbath since she was admonished. It was declared
to her that the Bailie and Elders, visitors for the time, depre-
hended the Laird of Niddery drinking in time of preaching.
She declared on her conscience that none was sold to him in
time of preaching, but that whilk he drank was given to him
and his company before the last bell was rung. The Session,
having advised, gravely admonished her to take good tent to
her house and to herself in time coming, and to keep the
Lord's Sabbath, and no ways to profane it, and to give
obedience when she shall be charged before them.
A "Fair Maid" imprisoned. — May 24, 1596. Compears
* Wauchope of Niddry, whom Archbishop Spottiswoode notices very un
favourably under date 1590 (History, folio edit. 1677, p. 380), is often reported
by the " Visitors" as carousing in the public-houses of Perth on Sundays.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 227
Helen Patilloch, suspected of fornication committed with
Thomas Peebles, who being inquired if at any time she had
been in a quiet place with the said Thomas, or if he had
carnal copulation with her, confessed she was in his mother's
house, his mother Christian Doig being also present, where
they drank together with him, and afterwards being shut out
of her mother's house (she) passed to an woman's house at
the Brigend called Long Janet, where she remained two
nights ; the said Thomas came to her once and no more, (and)
he pressed to have had carnal deaU, but she refused, and
offered to give her oath that she was free of the sin of fornica
tion, committed with Thomas Peebles or any other. The
Session, understanding a great and constant slander to be of
her and her famiUarity with Thomas Peebles, and no confession
given by her, appoints her to be committed to ward, there to
remain until she be moved to confess the truth, and farther
trial be had of her.
Suspected Falsehood. — May 31, 1596. The Session thinks
that Thomas Bennet and Janet Duff are dissembling Uars and
concealers of the truth, whilk they knew well enough, and
therefore ordained them presently to be committed to ward,
there to remain until they give a plain confession of the truth
in this matter.*
A Laird under Scandal compelled to Submission. — June
7, 1596. The Laird of Lawers,'|' being charged, compeared
not ; ordains him to be charged pro secundo when he was
-*¦ Those two persons had been summoned as witnesses in the trial of the
life and conversation of a Jean Brown, who is said to have been a very
abandoned woman. Her affluence enabled her to entertain the gallants
who resorted to her house with wine, ale, and various luxuries.
+ This was Sir John Campbell of Lawers, descended from a younger son
of Sir Colin Campbell, the first Baron of Glenorohy. His grandson, who
married Margaret Campbell, Baroness Loudoun in her own right, was created
Earl of Loudoun in 1633, and was the stem Earl who was peculiarly zealous
for the Solemn League and Covenant. Mr Scott says of the above Sir John
Campbell — " The Laird of Lawers had a house in Perth, where he frequently
resided with his family, but his moral conduct was very exceptionable. He
seems to have, bribed bad persons to entice simple women to come to his
lodging, with whom he was guilty. There is a long confession and trial of
such a woman, and of the persons who enticed her, which I excuse myself
from transcribing."

228 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
apprehended. July 19 — Compears John CampbeU of Lawers,
being charged to this day, and in presence of the Session,
with great humihty and sorrow, as appeared, confessed his
manifold adulteries committed in divers places and at divers
times ¦with sundry and divers persons, and in special with one
Katherine Ross, and one Cobrowne ; * for the whilk he
submits himself wiUingly to the discipline of the Kirk. The
Session ordains him to compear before the Presbytery on
Wednesday next, f
A Violent Offender. — November 8, 1596. Compears
Thomas Lamb, and confesses his fornication committed with
Bessie Kid, as also his offence in troubling and molesting
Archibald Steedman, officiar of the Session, for doing of his
office ; therefore the Session ordains him to be warded, and
to remain in ward until he find caution to satisfy for his
fornication, and also to compear in the midst of the kirk-floor
the next Sabbath, to declare his offence and wrong done to
their Session and their officiar.
Resetting the Earl of Angus. — November 15, 1569. Jean
Keir and Beatrix Scott, being accused for receiving into
lodging the Earl of Angus, an excommunicate Papist, after
public advertisement out of pulpit, declared that they knew
him not, but were informed by his servant who came to their
house that it was the Laird of Glen  . The Session think
ihey offended in this, that he was received and known by
them, they gave not intimation to the Ministry, therefore they
are ordained to make their repentance.
Scolding. — April 4, 1597. The Session ordains Margaret
Murdoch and Margaret Waddel presently to be put in ward,
there to remain until they find sufficient caution to come to
the cock-stool on Saturday next, to remain betwixt ten and
twelve hours before noon, for their flyting and profane speeches
* Probably Cockburn. The Laird of Lawers was evidently not difficult to
please in his amours.
+ Though the Kirk-Session eventually triumphed over the Laird of Lawers
after a long struggle, Mr Scott says that while he rendered " satisfaction " on
the above occasion, he " was in fact making a mock of the discipline." On
the 9th of January 1697-8, however, it is recorded that the Laird of Lawers
" compeared the last Sabbath ^)ro quarto in the place of public repentance "
for adulterv.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 229
uttered by them against others upon the common street at
the Cross, to the great dishonour and slander of this con
gregation. Leaving the Parish- Church during the Preaching. —
November 7, 1597. The Eldership, understanding the great
abuse that is in the congregation in time of sermon, that no
sooner as the hour chaps (strikes) an great number of the people
rise to depart ; for remedy whereof it is thought expedient that
those who are accustomed to go furth be observed by some of
the Elders weekly, and their names given in to the Magistrates
to be punished.
A Smoky Howse. — November 21, 1597, Compeared Mr
William Rynd,* Master of the School, and complained that
he and his tenants were greatly molested by daily reek and
smoke coming furth of that house sometimes possessed by
James Stewart, and farther declared that his own lodging and
tenement was in danger of burning, because that the nether
house under his land wanted a chimney, and therefore craves
that the Session would stay and inhibit any fire to be in the
said house in time coming, and that the door that is in the
midst may be steikin up, that the chimney which is in the
south house may serve for both the houses. The Session
agreed to his desire, and ordains the Masters of the Hospital
primo quoque tempore, and with all diligence, to cause steik
up the door that is in the midst of the said house, and there
be no fire kindled again in the north house in time coming.
The Kirk-Session anxious to burn a Witch. — November
23, 1597. The Session ordains the Magistrates to travel with
his Majesty to obtain a commission to execute Janet Robertson,
sorcerer, who has been long detained in ward. ^
* This Mr William Rynd was Minister of Kinnoull and Master of the
-Grammar School of Perth, who died on the 20th of February 1610. Another
Mr William. Rynd, according to Mr Scott, was traveUing preceptor to John
Earl of Gowrie, and his death occurred on the 9th of August 1628. He was
the son of Sir Robert Rynd, an apostate priest who held several altarages, and
Helen Gaims, who is mentioned as his aged survivor in 1589. Mr Scott
writes in a confused manner about both the Mr William Rynds.
t The Kirk-Session eventually obtained their request. On the 9 th of
September 1598, Janet Robertson, Marion Macause, and Bessie Ireland, were
burnt on the South Inch as witches.

230 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
Common Offences. — December 5, 1597. Compears Agnes
Macheath, and confesses her fornication with William Ruthven,
servant to the Laird of Weem. The Session ordains her to be
warded first; next, to be put on the Cross-head; and, thirdly,
to declare her repentance pubUc three several preaching-days
on the stool of repentance. January 2, 1597-8 — Compears
John Drummond ¦with Janet Eviot, and gave in their banns
of marriage to be proclaimed, promising to accomplish their
marriage -within forty days; cautioners, for the man, John
Brown, for the woman, Angus Cairnie. Because the said
persons have committed fornication before the giving up of
their banns of marriage, the Session ordains them to pay forty
shillings (Scots) to the poor, and the woman to cover her
head, otherwise their banns shall not be proclaimed.
A Riot. — April 24, 1598. The Session finds the doing and
behaviour of George Macgregor, Robert Fary, and Thomas
Anderson to be very slanderous, and that they are worthy
to be condignly punished by the Magistrates, and therefore
ordains them presently to be committed to ward, and there
after to be put to the knowledge of an inquest.*
Murder. — May 15, 1598. Compears Helen Orme, relict of
umquhile Henry Adamson, and craved of the Session that
seeing Thomas Peebles had murdered her husband, and was
fugitive, that they would proceed against him with the sentence
of excommunication. The Session thinks him worthy to be
excommunicated, but referred the form to the determination
of the Presbytery, f
* A riotous drinking and dancing occurred, in which those three men wore
concerned, in the house of Catherine Durinoch, who frequently figured before
the Kirk-Session for keeping a disorderly house. They stole several pieces
of her salt beef, which induced her to report them to the Kirk-Session.
t Henry Adamson, who was still Dean of Guild, is repeatedly mentioned
as the paramour of Jean Thornton, wife of Oliver Peebles of Chapelhill. It is
also already stated that he was the brother of the learned Patrick Adamson,
Titular Archbishop of St Andrews, against whom the Presbyterians cherished
and avowed the most deadly resentment. See an account of Patrick Adamson,
his family, and his contests with the Presbyterians, till his death in 1592, in
the present writer's " History of the Episcopal Church of Scotland from the
Reformation to the Revolution," Svo. Edin. 1844, p. 149-152, 157, 159, 173,
177, 178, 188-192, 196-199, 202, 203, 231-238. In an old MS. Diary of a
citizen of Perth it is recorded that Henry Adamson, who had many enemies,

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 231
A Barber -Surgeon rebuked. — July 31, 1598. Andrew
Robertson, chirurgeon, being accused for breaking of the
Sabbath by poling and raising of the Laird of  , declared
that he did it quietly, at the request of the gentleman without
outgoing. The Session finds him in this point to be a breaker
of the Sabbath, and therefore ordained him privately to declare
his repentance before them, and to abstain in all time coming
from the like, which he promised to do.
Petition of an Orphan Pauper. — August 13, 1598. David
Craig, an poor boy, fatherless and motherless, gives in a bill
of supphcation to the Session, desiring them for God's sake
to give him some support, to put him to some craft. The
Session ordains the Master of the Hospital to bind the poor
boy prentice to John Black, taUor, and to make an indenture
between them and him, and to give the said John L.IO (Scots)
to learn him the tailor craft.
Defamation of Character. — August 28, 1598. Patrick
Jackson, master -miUer of the Inch MiU, gives in a bUl of
complaint against John Kilbridie, a servant, also in the said
MiU, regretting and declaring that the said John had in sundry
places uttered scandalous speeches against him, tending to the
great defamation of his person, being in a pubhc common
office. Therefore the Session ordained the said John Kilbridie
to be charged to compear before them, who compearing and
hearing the bill of complaint read, confessed that he had
caUed Patrick Jackson thief, and offered to prove the same.
The Session, after advice, found that this was criminal, and
that the trial of this noways appertained to their judicature;
and therefore ordained John Kilbridie to prove it before the
judge ordinary, and report the same back to them this day
eight days, otherwise he should be convict and holden as a
slanderer, and the Act made for the repressing of public
was murdered on the street of Perth by Thomas Peebles on Good-Friday 1598.
Mr Scott says — "It does not appear that the Ministers of Perth actuaUy
pronounced the sentence of excommunication against Thomas Peebles. The
King disapproved of the practice of summoning capital offenders to appear
under the pain of excommunication, and as the King had now more authority
in the Church than usual, it is probable that he signified his will to the
Session and Presbytery for them to desist." Thomas Peebles was apprehended,
tried, and executed at the Cross of Perth on the 30th of May 1598.

232 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
flyters and slanderers should be put in execution against (him)
in all points.
Mutual Recrimination. — Same date. Janet Lathangie,
spouse to Robert Spence, gives in a bill of complaint upon
Janet Bruce, complaining and declaring that the said Janet
had uttered against her slanderous speeches, as thief, harlot,
&c., the same was proven by witnesses ; therefore the Session
ordained the Act made for the repressing of flyters and
slanderers to be put in execution against Janet Bruce. The
said Janet Bruce in like manner gives in a bill of complaint
against Janet Lathangie, declaring that she had uttered
slanderous speeches against her, which was sufficiently proven
by witnesses ; therefore the Session ordains the Act made for
the repressing of flyters and slanderers to be put in execution
against her.
A defaulting Landlady and two hungry Lairds. — October
17, 1598. Agnes Grant, relict of John Smith, confesses that
she being sent for by the Lairds of Grant and TiUebairne,
went out of the kirk between the second and third bell to the
preaching* before noon to her own house, and there furnished
meat and drink to the said Lairds ; and therefor the Session
ordains her to pay an merk (Scots) to be employed to the use
of the poor.
A Penitent. — November 20, 1598. Compears Thomas Lamb,
and in presence of the Session confesses his great offences,
first, his rebellion and offering of violence to Constantine
Melice, Bailie ; secondly, his breaking of the ward and irons,
being put therein by the Magistrates for his former offence ;
and, last, his disobedience to the Session so long, being so
often publicly warned out of the pulpit ; and declares that he
is sorry that he has committed such offences, and by them has
given slander to the congregation : and for thir faults com
mitted by him he is content to satisfy both the (Town) Council
and Session, and earnestly craved for God's cause that the
sentence of excommunication be not pronounced against him
as he deserved. The Session ordains him first to satisfy the
Council and Magistrates, to whom he did the first injury : and
'* Mr Scott says — " Between the second and third bell the prayers and
Scriptures were read in the church by the Reader."

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 233
afterwards, upon the report ofthe Magistrates of his satisfaction,
they shall prescribe to him the form of his repentance.
An unnatural Son. — November 27, 1598. Patrick Cun
ningham, being accused for putting violent hands on his father,
denied the same, yet his father, being dealt with, confesses
that his son is a rebellious child unto him, and that he had
put violent hands on him, struck, and dang him with his
knees ; therefore the Session ordained him to be put in ward,
there to remain for the space of eight days, and to compear
the next Sabbath in the place of public repentance barefoot
and in sackcloth, there to confess his offence in presence of
the haUl congregation.
A Noble Lady suspected of Popery. — January 8, 1598-9.
It is reported that my Lady ErroU,* of contempt absents
herself from the hearing of the Word on the Sabbath and on
other preaching days ; and therefore the Session ordains
Constantine Mehce, Bailie, Oliver Peebles, Robert Mathew,
and John Colt, Elders, to speak to her and try the cause of
her absenting herself continually from the preaching of the
Word, and, if she has no reasonable cause, to desire her to be
present in time coming, otherwise the Session will proceed
against her with the censures of the Kirk.
A Perth Hostelry and its Inmates. — January 22, 1598-9.
William Blyth being inquired why Gilbert Car resorted to his
* This was Lady Elizabeth Douglas, youngest daughter of William Earl of
Morton, and who was the third Countess. Her husband, Francis eighth Earl of
Erroll, was one of the Roman Catholic Lords implicated in the conspiracy with
Spain known as the Spanish Blanks. The Earls of Erroll had a town residence
in Perth. This Eail had been gained over to the Roman Catholic cause by Mr
Edmund Hay, his relative, -a, zealous Jesuit, who was in the employment of
Spain, and his Lordship continued in the profession of that religion, notwith
standing his sufferings in person and estate for the same, till his death in 1631.
On the 11th of July 1603 the Countess of Erroll was again reported to the
Kirk-Session for not " resorting to hear the Word," and Mr William Cowper
Minister, and two of the Elders, were appointed to confer with her Ladyship.
Although the Earl her husband continued a Roman Catholic, it is singular
that in the General Assembly held at Holyroodhouse, 10th November 1602,
Mr Alexander Lindsay, Minister of St Madoes near Perth, afterwards Bishop
of Dunkeld, reported that his Lordship was an " ordinary hearer of the Word
 that he professed to have no scruples in religion — that he had provided
the churches within his bounds sufficiently, and was ready to communicate
upon occasion in any church where his residence was."

234 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
house, answered, that he was an common host and entertainer
of strangers, who resorted unto his house, and that the said
Gilbert came to his house only, as other strangers, to get
lodging and entertainment upon his reasonable expenses. And
being inquired why he suffered Janet Kelt his servant to be
in the booth* with GUbert Car, answered, it was of no evil
intention, but because he had no room in his house, and he
caused his daughter to be nightly with his own servant. The
Session think this doing to be suspicious, and that he has not
done the duty of a Christian master unto his servant, but has
done so far as in him lay to make her an harlot, and therefore
ordains him the next Sabbath-day to declare his repentance
publicly in presence of the congregation.
The Cadgers and their Journeys. — March 26, 1599. It is
reported that the cadgers, who resort to this town on the
Saturday with fish and salt, depart on Sunday morning,
profaning the Sabbath, to the dishonour of God, and evil
example of this congregation ; therefore the Session ordains
John Jack, and Archibald Steedman, their officiars, to make
intimation the next Saturday to the cadgers, that none depart
or travel on the Sabbath, but either on Saturday at even, or
stay till Monday morning ; with certification to them that if
they be found to depart on the Sabbath they shall be appre^
hended by the BaUies to be warded, and after( wards) caused to
declare their repentance publicly as breakers of the Sabbath.
Sabbath Drunkenness — a Street Scene. — April 9, 1599.
Compeared James Young, officiar, f being warned to this
(day), who being accused for profaning of the holy Sabbath
by absenting himself from the hearing of the Word both
before and after noon, and, being beastly drunk, pursuing
George M'Gregor publicly with an drawn sworn to the great
dishonour of God, and slander of this congregation, confesses
the same. George Home's wife declares that on the Sabbath
was eight days James Young with John Murray came to her
house and craved drink, and when she refused he drew out
his sword, and said he should shew her another guise except
she gave him drink, and so being boasted, and knowing the
* Or shop, in which were two beds, in one of which the young woman
slept with another female domestic. f Town Officer.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 235
disposition of the man, she furnished drink to him until twelve
hours, and when he was desired to go home to his own house
he went into a cellar against her will, and drank until the
sermon after noon was ended, and was so beastly drunken
that he knew not what he did. The Session ordains him to
come the next Sabbath to the kirk door barefoot and in linen
clothes, and stand from the second unto the third bell, and
thereafter come to the place of pubhc repentance, and there
declare his repentance publicly in presence of the congregation.
Because that George Home's wife furnished drink to James
Young and his companions, as she aUeged, against her wUl,
and that the cause of her being at home in time of preaching
was sickness and a disease in her dad,* the Session desired
her to declare on her conscience that it was so indeed, which
she did.
Misbehaviour during the Sermon. — May 7, 1599. It was
reported that John Logan yesterday in time of preaching,
afternoon especiaUy, perturbed the kirk, and stayed others by
his foolish behaviour from the hearing of the Word, for the
which he was apprehended and put in ward, yet the Session
ordains him to be apprehended again by the Bailies, to be set
on the cock-stool.
Matrimonial Quarrels. — June 18, 1599. Compears David
Jackson, and Isabel Jackson, spouse to Andrew Johnston,
regretting and complaining on the said Andrew that he had
misused them many ways, and especially the said Isabel
declared that Andrew Johnstone her husband had sundry times
struck her, and had shot her out of his house : and further
declares that when she was coming from the kirk on the
Sabbath he came and invaded her openly on the streets, and
spulzeit her of her silver belt ; and farther it is reported that
he is a man slanderous many ways, given to aU kinds of
profaneness, as drunkenness, tulzeing (fighting), and oppression ;
and therefore the Session requests the Magistrates to apprehend
him, and cause put him to the knowledge of an inquest.
Misbehaviour on the Stool of Repentance. — August 6, 1599.
Margaret Mar compeared in the place of pubhc repentance, to
¦* The nipple of her breast — a disease common with women who are
nursing.

236 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
declare her repentance for her slanderous behaviour many
ways, and especially with one William Laurie ; and being in
that place, she sat in the back side with her face covered, and
being desired by John Jack, officiar, to sit on the fore side,
and uncover her head that she might be seen, she uttered
words against him in a bitter manner, and extended her voice
in such sort that she was heard through all the kirk in time of
sermon, and so behaved herself uncomely in the presence of
strangers, to the great slander of this congregation ; and
therefore the Session ordains her to be put in ward, and there
to remain by the space of eight days, and to come the next
Sabbath again to declare her repentance in a more public
manner. Sunday Recreations. — November 19, 1599. Compears
James Maxton, being warned to this day, and being accused
for profaning of the Sabbath by absenting himself from the
hearing of the Word, and telling (counting) of silver at home
with certain Highlandmen, confesses that he being in the kirk
was sent for by some Highlandmen, who delivered to him a
certain sum of money, to be kept by him until their returning
back. The Session finds him by this his doing to be a profaner
of the Sabbath himself, and also an occasion of profaning the
Sabbath to others whom he should have taught, and therefore
ordains him to pay the penalty according to the Act of Par
liament. — John Gardner, James Bowman, Lawrence Chalmers,
and Lawrence Cudbert, young boys, confess that they were
playing at the golf in the North Inch in time of the preaching
after noon on the Sabbath. The Session rebuked them, and
admonished them to resort to the hearing of the Word,
diligently on the Sabbath in time coming, which they promised
to do. November 26 — Robert Grant and James Grant,
accused of profaning the Sabbath by absenting themselves
from the hearing of the Word, and playing in time of preaching
afternoon, declared that they had been in the (country), and
were at the preaching in the forenoon in Scone, and in the
afternoon purposed to hear the preaching here at home ; but
when they won over in an coble at the head of the North Inch
the last bell was ringing and the ports closed, and therefore
they remained in the Inch beholding the players until the

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 237
preaching was ended, and the ports opened. The Session,
because they are youths of good expectation, admonished them
to attend carefully upon the^hours of preaching in time coming,
and to cast themselves nowhere on the Sabbath, when they
should address themselves to the hearing of the Word, which
they promised to do. — Compears Archibald Yule, and confesses
that yesterday, being the Sabbath, he was found drinking in
time of preaching. The Session finds him to be a customary
profaner of the Sabbath, and a common absenter of himself
from the hearing of the Word, and therefore they ordain him
to be warded. — William Blyth, being warned by the (Sunday)
visitors to compear before the Session, compeared not, and
therefore he was ordained to be warded for his disobedience,
and to remain in ward until he found sufficient caution to
compear the next day.
Assault in St John's Church. — January 7, 1600.* Robert
Keir accused for drawing of an whinger, and invading of an
stranger caUed Adam Abercrombie, denied the same ; yet it is
found by the testimony of the BaUie, Oliver Young, before
whom he had confessed it before, and Thomas Crombie, flesher,
who was present with them in the kirk, that he had so done ;
and therefore the Session ordains.
The tender Mercies of the Kirk- Session, — February 11,
1600. It is reported that Peter Balmanno, Archibald Macbrek,
and James Lamb, f have received Mr Patrick Stewart, apostate,
excommunicate, unto their houses since that his excommunica
tion was publicly intimated out of pulpit, and therefore the
Session ordains them to be summoned. February 18 — Peter
Balmanno being inquired if at any time Mr Patrick Stewart,
excommunicate apostate, was received in his house since his
excommmiication was publicly intimated, declared on his
conscience that the said Mr Patrick was never in his house
since he was excommunicated but once in an evening when
himself was out of the house, and that he received neither
* The year formerly commenced iu Scotland on the 25th of March, but by
public authority, at the commencement of the seventeenth century, it -was
changed to the 1st of January in all time coming.
f Those men were evidently keepers of hostelries in Perth. The gentleman
denounced was probably Stewart of Innernytie.

238 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
lodging nor entertainment. The Session admonish him that
in time coming he suffer not the said Mr Patrick to come in
his house to be lodged or entertained, nor yet to give him any
countenance or salutation, according to the rule and precept of
the Apostle.* Archibald Macbrek confesses that Mr Patrick
Stewart was received, lodged, and entertained in his house, for
the which cause the Session sharply rebuked him, and ordained
him the next Sabbath, in his seat, to declare his repentance
in presence of the haill congregation ; and farther admonished
him to be more circumspect in time coming, and not to suffer
him or any such persons to be received or lodged in his house,
which he promised to do. James Lamb confesses that Mr
Patrick Stewart came to his house on a certain night late at
even, but neither received lodging nor entertainment. The
Session admonished him not to suffer the said Mr Patrick to
be received or lodged in his house in time coming, f
Sunday Avocations. — May 12, 1600. Patrick Gall, Finlay
Eviot, John Bennet, Lawrence Robertson, and Patrick Auchin-
leck, confess that their servants spread muck (dung) on the
Sabbath was eight days, after the afternoon's preaching. The
Session thinks them to be profaners of the Sabbath, and their
doing slanderous : and therefore ordains them to declare their
repentance prurly, and pay an penalty to be employed to the
use of the poor. James Bowman, John Graham, John
Gardner, Thomas Reid, and James Grant, confess that they
offended the majesty of God by profaning the Sabbath, and
walking in the fields in time of preaching. The Session
rebuked and admonished them to keep the Sabbath in time
coming. December 1, 1600 — The visitors report that the
Sabbath was profaned by all the taverners except John Pitcairn
and Henry Balneaves, and that strangers and mercat folks
were found drinking in all the taverns. The Session ordains .
them to be summoned and censured for their profanation of
* This is a most extraordinary perversion of Scripture.
+ The above admonitions to the three hostelry-keepers are peculiarly
disgraceful to the Kirk-Session of Perth. So malignant were those men
towards those who differed from them, that a Roman Catholic gentleman,
against whom they had issued their ridiculous and puerile "excommunication,"
was absolutely to be precluded from that accommodation in an inn for which
he was willing to pay, because he was under the ban of a set of local t3'rants.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 239
the Lord's day. April 13, 1601 — George Murray accused
for suffering of ale to be sold in time of preaching on the
Sabbath in his house, answered, that he was in the kirk
himself, and his wife also, but his servant came and brought
his wife out of the kirk to a daughter of TuUibardine, to give
her some clothes which she had of hers in custody, and in the
mean time caused fill drink to the said gentlewoman and her
servants with her. The Session, understanding that the like
offence has not fallen out of before in his time, admonished
him to keep good order in time coming, and not to suffer
either ale or wine to be sold in his house in time of preaching
on the Sabbath thereafter, which he promised to do. December
24, 1601 — Compears John Scott, flesher, being warned to
this day, who being accused for his great disobedience, being
sundry and divers times warned ; next, for his profaning of
the Sabbath by absenting himself from the hearing of the
Word, and travelling to mercats on the said day ; and, last,
for injuring the officiars when he was charged. Answered,
that the cause of his non-compearance, being charged, was not
contempt in his person, but his infirmity and disease of the
gout, which would not suffer him to come when he was
charged ; next, confessed that he travelled to Foulis mercat
on the Sabbath ; and, thirdly, denied that he had injured the
officiar. The said John, being removed and censured, was
convicted, first, of disobedience, because it was known that he
was walking upon the streets when he should have been
present ; secondly, of profaning the Sabbath, because he has
confessed himself he travelled to the mercat on the said day ;
and, thirdly, of injuring the officiars, because it was testified by
-witnesses : and therefore the Session requested the Magistrates
to put him in ward, and therein to detain him ay and until he
should be brought to the knowledge of his offences, and
humbled truly for the same. December 31 — Compears John
Scott, flesher, and with humility upon his knees confessed
his offences, first, that he offended God by profaning the
Lord's Sabbath; secondly, that he offended the Session by
disobedience, being often charged, and by injuring the officiar,
for the which offences he desired God to be merciful to him,
and submitted himself to the will of the Session.

240 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
Pauper Depravity. — January 11, 1602. Janet Sym
confessed her sin of fornication committed with John Barrie,
(a) cripple, at Midsummer last in John Macduff's house,
whose servant she was for the time ; and being strictly urged
if any other had carnal deall with her, or was her bairn's
father, declared on her conscience that none other was the
father of her- bairn but the said John Barrie ; and likewise the
said John Barrie confesses he had carnal deall with the said
woman at the time foresaid. The Session, understanding
that they are both poor bodies, having nothing either to pay
an penalty, or to entertain themselves in ward, neither yet
counted of public repentance,* therefore ordains them to be
put into ward until Saturday on their own expenses, and then to
be taken out by Archibald Steedman and John Jack, officiars,
and presented to the Magistrates, that they may be carted
about the town together, and thereafter to be banished.
The "Fair City" on Sundays. — -January 11, 1602. The
visitors report that good order was kept the last Sabbath,
except that they found some young boys playing at the
foot-ball in the Inch, who were corrected by the Magistrate.
April 19 — The visitors report that good order was kept both
before and after noon, except they found my Lady Erroll in
Thomas Crombie's. September 13 — The visitors report that
good order was kept the last Sabbath, except that they found
John Conqueror, Alexander Cargill, Robert Kinnear, and
David Norie, afternoon in time of preaching without the Inch
port standing on the shore, who were warned by Archibald
Steedman to compear before the Session. Compear John
Conqueror (and the others) all warned to this day, and confessed
that they profaned the Sabbath by absenting themselves from
hearing of the Word in time of preaching, who were censured,
and sharply rebuked, and farther were admonished not to
absent themselves from the hearing of the Word on the
Sabbath in time coming, which they promised to do. March
28, 1603 — The visitors report that good order was kept the
last Sabbath, except that they found Alexander Moncrief,
Duncan Thomson, and James Walker, fleshers, walking upon
the shore in time of preaching, and therefore were presently
* That is. not considered persons of sufficient importance to undergo
discipline.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 241
apprehended by the officiars at the BaUie's command, and were
warded. April 18, 1603 — The Visitors reported that good
order was kept the last Sabbath, except that they found some
drinking in George Murray's house in time of preacliing, who
at the command of the Bailie- Visitor were apprehended by the
officiars, and put into ward.
Defiance of the Kirk-Session. — December 11, 1602. It is
reported that John Moncrief, excommunicate, resorted into
this town, and walked daily on the streets, resorted to the kirk,
and to all societies, as if he were not excommunicate, therefore
it was ordained that his excommunication should be intimated
of new again the next Sabbath; and farther, the Minister
requested the Magistrates to take order with him hereafter,
and not suffer (him) to walk openly on the streets, to the
dishonour of God and slander of this congregation.
Drunkards. — May 23, 1603. James Paterson, Patrick
Lamb, and John Dykes, were convicted of drunkenness, for
the which they were rebuked, but especially John Dykes,
because he is accustomed to drunkenness, who promised to
abstain in time coming, and obliged himself, that if ever he
be found drunken in time coming, for every time he should
(pay) forty (shillings), to be employed to the use of the poor.
Suspected Women. — August 1, 1603. Because that Elspith
Grant dwells by herself, keeping an house for whoredom, and
has fallen before in the sin of adultery, and lately in fornication,
and after that she has declared her repentance has received
harlots into her house, making her house as it were a brothel,
and a common receptacle of loose and debauched persons,
therefore the Session ordains her presently to be put in ward,
there to remain until she find caution to remove out of the
town. Isabel Grant likewise was ordained by the Session to
take her(self) to service presently, with certification that if
she failed she should be banished for ever. Agnes Gray,
Violet WaU, and Janet Karne, young harlots dwelling by
themselves, were ordained to take them(selves) to service
shortly, under the pain of perpetual banishment. August 8 —
Agnes Macgibbon, suspected of loose behaviour, was gravely
admonished by the' Session to live honestly, and take her (self )
to service. 16

242 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
Golf-Playing on Sunday. — January 2, 1604. The Visitors
report that good order was kept the last Sabbath, except that
they found some young boys playing at the gowf in the North
Inch in the time of preaching after noon, who were warned
then by the officiars to compear before the Session this day.
Compear Robert Robertson, WUliam Stenis, Andrew Donald
son, Alexander Niving, Adam Paul, Robert MeUng, all warned
to this day, who were con^ricted of profaning the Lord's
Sabbath by absenting themselves from hearing of the Word,
and playing at the gowf in time of preaching ; and therefore
the Session ordained, first, Robert Robertson, who was ring
leader to the rest, to pay an merk to the poor, and, secondly,
ordains him and the rest to compear the next Sabbath into
the place of repentance, there to declare their repentance in
the presence of the whole congregation.
Expulsion of Highland Beggars. — March 11, 1604. Be
cause that the town is overburdened ¦with strange beggars
resorting in great numbers out of the Highlands, who trouble
honest men in the streets, especiaUy on the Sabbath-days,
and are a great hindrance to the collection for the ordinary
poor, therefore the Session ordains John Jack, officiar, to
search and apprehend them, and with all diligence to remove
them out of the town.
Examination ofa Traveller. — March 26, 1604. Because
there is a suspicion that Alexander Macbreck, in his absence
out of the country last, has travelled into idolatrous places,
and has made desertion from the truth and true rehgion
professed and embraced in this country, therefore the Session
ordains him to be warned to this day eight days. April 2 —
Compears Alexander Macbreck, warned to this day, who being
inquired what was his behaviour the last time of his being out
of the country, and especiaUy being inquired if he had been
in Rome, or received any benefit of the Pope, confessed that
in his last being out of the country he resorted to idolatrous
places and kirks, and went there to pray to his God ; confessed
he was in Rome, saw the Pope,* but received no benefit from
* Clement VIII. (Ippolito Aldobrandi, a native of Fano), who filled the
Pontifical Chair from 1692, when he succeeded Innocent IX. (Gian Antonio
Facchinetti of Bologna), till his death in 1605.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 243
him. The Session remitted him to be tried by the Synodal
Assembly to be holden this next week in Perth.*
Matrimonial Recriminations. — April 30, 1604. Compeared
John Macwalter, warned to this day, who being accused for
absenting himself from the examinations, being often warned,
and Ukewise for absenting himself from the Communion, and,
last, for striking and abusing of his wife ; answered, that he
was at variance ¦with some of his neighbours, and therefore he
absented himself from the examination and Communion, and,
next, declared that his wife is disobedient to him, and refuses
to make him compt and reckoning when she gets his gear,
which he gets in craved from honest neighbours. His wife
also declared that the said John her husband abused her
many ways, striking her with (his) hands and feet, and pursued
her ¦with an drawn whinger, and lately hurt her with an knife
on the shoulder. The Session fiinds that he is a profane man
many ways, and therefore ordained him to declare his repent
ance, and admonished him to hve in concord with his wife,
and her to behave herself towards him more obediently in
time coming, which they promised to do.
Sunday Dancing. — May 7, 1604. David Chapman was
con^ricted of profaning the Sabbath by going to Ruthven to
see profane and lascivious dancing, and absenting himself from
the hearing of the Word, and therefore was rebuked. May 14
— WiUiam Stenis, AdanLPaul, Patrick Whyte, James Cudbert,
Robert Anderson, James Jack, Alison Corbie, Janet Thomson,
were convicted of profaning the Sabbath by absenting them
(selves) from the hearing of the Word, and going to Ruthven
to behold lascivious and profane dancing, and therefore were
rebuked. May 21 — WUliam Jackson and WiUiam Wilson
were convicted of profaning the Sabbath by absenting them
selves froiii the hearing of the Word, and resorting to the
* This Alexander Macbreck was probably a descendant of Alexander
Macbreck, Provost of Perth ui 1524, who that year, with the sanction of an
assize, sentenced John Hutchison for breaking his banishment from the
burgh, John Pearson for stealing two cows, John Bro-wn for stealing a cow,
and John Butcher for stealing a grey mare, to be hanged. On the 13th of
AprU of the previous year Chalniers, Sheriff of Perth, condemned Margaret
Lockhart to be " drowned under the water until she be dead," for stealing a
silver belt and pot.

244 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
dancing in Ruthven, and therefore were rebuked. June 4 —
Because the Sabbath is profaned at even by lasses and young
women singing, knocking, and dancing lasciviously under
stairs, to the great dishonour of God and slander of this
congregation, therefore the Session ordains a visitation to be
every Sabbath from this time forth (at even) for repressing
the same.*
Another Visitation of the Plague.] — June 4, 1604. Because
that the Lord's anger appears to continue by this fearful and
devouring pestilence spreading itself in sundry parts of the
land, therefore the Session has appointed a fast to be the next
Sabbath, and for this effect intimation to be made publicly
out of pulpit on Thursday next. J
A Slanderer of Mr William Cowper, Minister.^ — October
3, 1604. Whilk day, in presence of the Bailies, Ministers, and
Elders of the burgh of Perth convened within the revestry,
William Hay, litster (dyer), burgess of Perth, being accused
upon the uttering by him yesternight in John Stewart's fore-
chamber of certain vile, slanderous, and abominable speeches
against Mr William Cowper, Minister of Christ's Evangel at
the said burgh ; to-wit, that the said Mr WUliam was ane false
common thief, and that he should have been hanged, and
* Notwithstanding this denunciation, the young women of Perth continued
the practice of assembling in groups under the outside stairs, and on the
streets, after supper on the Sunday evenings. On the 3d of September of the
above year, seven of them were summoned before the Kirk-Session for this
offence, rebuked, and ordered to be imprisoned by the Magistrates.
+ The epidemic which ravaged Perth in 1584-5 carried off no fewer than
fourteen hundred and twenty-seven persons.
X On the 27th of August the two foUo^wing Sundays were set apart for the
like purpose on account of the continuance of the plague " seeming to draw
nearer" to Perth.
§ The future Bishop of Galloway, who was a most worthy, pious, and
leamed man, in his short narrative of his o^wn life, records the aimoyances he
encountered at Perth from the slandering propensities of the citizens — " All
the time of my residence (for) years continued this battle, as one left off
another renewing the battle ;" yet he quaintly adds — " I esteemed them but
like the bitings of a flea." On the 26th of October 1601 the Town-Council
ordained the Dean of Guild to convene the Guildry, and to " inquire of them
who v/as the author of the infamous bill against Mr William Cowper and Mr
I-Ienry Elder, Town-Clerk." The Guildry reported that they knew nothing
of the matter.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 245
were it not the said WiUiam Hay he had been hanged, yet he
should have him hanged — who would not ? — and who would
take his part? — and that he should improve him in the
Scriptures. These slanderous speeches (were) uttered before
Patrick Fleming, merchant, WilUam Robertson, notary, John
Robertson, merchant, Thomas Fleming, son to the said Patrick,
John Gall and James MarshaU, merchants ; whereto the said
WiUiam Robertson answered, Mowis (jest) or earnest? Whereto
the said WiUiam replied — Earnest, and bade the said WiUiam
Robertson take it as he thought it. To which he (Robertson)
repUed again, that he (Hay) Ued like a knave. Thereafter
the said William Hay drew ane whinger, and pressed to have
stricken the said WUham Robertson, and called him ane
common thief. Farther, being accused if he said that Mr
WiUiam Cowper was passing to England to London, and ere
he came home would wear a surplice and a four-nooked
(cornered) bonnet. All these particular heads above written
the said WiUiam Hay being accused upon, granted that it was
but in mowis (jest) that he spake anent Mr William's hanging,
and farther denied that he called him common thief, and also
denied that he said he should (could) improve him in the
Scriptures ; but only said that Mr Wilham shewed no pity to
the poor man* that was in ward. And the said Patrick
Fleming, John Robertson, John GaU, and James Marshall,
being called, sworn, and admitted in presence of the said
WiUiam Hay to testify the verity of the said matters, nothing
being objected against them, and each of them being severally
examined, deponed that they heard the former slanderous
and abominable speeches uttered by the said WiUiam Hay
against the said Mr WiUiam (Cowper) and William Robertson.
Farther, the said Bailies declared that this day, in the morning
before eight hours, when this matter came to their knowledge,
they took purpose to take and apprehend the said WUliam,
and put him in ward ; and having apprehended him within
his own dwelling-house, and accused him upon the said
slanderous speeches, they heard him answer and say that he
* Apparently one Robert Blair, dyer, against whom the Kirk-Session
pronounced a severe sentence on the 10th of September for slandering Robert
Matthew, Dean of Guild.

246 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
spake such speeches but in mowis. The (Kirk) Session takes
to be advised upon the premisses with the Presbytery.*
A Piper on Sunday and an Assault. — July 15, 1605.
George Clerk, piper, was convicted of profaning the Sabbath
by playing into Scone, for the which he was sharply rebuked,
and promised not to do the Uke again. John Gibson was
convicted of profaning the Sabbath, first, by his drunkenness ;
secondly, by absenting himself from the hearing of the Word ;
thirdly, in his drunkenness by troubling an young woman
going to the kirk, and violently taking her cloak from her
in presence of the Laird of GarntuUy and his lady, and sundry
others : therefore the Session, first, ordains him to be put in
ward, therein to remain by the space of twenty-four hours ;
secondly, to pay an penalty according to the Act of Parliament ;
and, thirdly, to declare his repentance pubhcly the next
Sabbath. A Matrimonial Advice. — September 2, 1605. Sir WUham
Stewart with Agnes Moncrief confessed mutual promise of
marriage, desiring their banns to be proclaimed. They were
warned to keep their bodies clear, and to accomplish their
marriage within forty days, under the penalty of L.IO (Scots)
to be employed to the use of the poor, which they promised to
do, and for this effect consigned pledges.
A Poor Traveller. — Septemher 16, 1605. The Session
ordains James Souter, an poor traveller, who is greatly
impoverished by the loss of his horse, to have L.IO (Scots) for
his support ; and because that they have not prompt money
to help him, request Mr Henry Anderson, one of their Elders,
to furnish it, promising to refund it again unto him of the
readiest of the casualties.
New Stool of Repentance. — September 23, 1605. Because
that the sins of fornication and adultery do increase more
and more among us, to the great offence and dishonour of
God, and slander of this congregation ; therefore, for re
pressing of thir sins, the Session ordains a more public place
of repentance to be biggit with all diligence, and in it certain
¦* Mr Scott says — " The Records of Presbytery before the year 161-8 are
not extant, therefore it does not appear what advice the Presbytery gave to
the Session."

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 247
degrees, that therein fornicators and adulterers may be distin
guished and better discerned both by their place and habit.*
A Discontented Parishioner. — January 5, 1607. Mr
WilUam Cowper, Minister, complained upon Robert Keir that
he had disdainfuUy spoken of his doctrine. The (Kirk) Session
ordained him to be warned to the morrow. January 6 —
WhUk day compeared Robert Keir, being warned, and being
accused if he had spoken disdainfuUy of Mr WiUiam Cowper's
preaching, denied the same; therefore the said Mr WUliam
took it to prove upon Monday next speciaUy by Robert
Fleming, who was ordained to be charged to the said day,
and the said Robert Keir warned apud acta. January 12 —
This day being assigned to Mr WiUiam Cowper to prove by
witnesses the slanderous speeches uttered by Robert Keir
against his preaching, compeared Robert Fleming, warned to
this day, and Robert Keir being inquired if he had any thing
to say against Robert Fleming, why he should not be witness
in the matter and cause foresaid, answered, he had nothing.
Robert Fleming being admitted and sworn, declared, that
when he came to Robert Keir as (Town) Treasurer, and
desired him to pay for the minister's coals, he answered — " Mr
Wilham preached against me the last day; let him preach
against me the next day; the d  1 a 'penny I'U pay for
coals." The Kirk (Session) caUed the said Robert, and desired
him to confess his offence, which he refused to do, and there
fore the (Kirk) Session remitted him to the Presbytery.
A Fair Penitent's Remission. — December 7, 1607. Sibilla
Cochran, adulteress, gave in a biU of supplication, declaring
that she had compeared every Sabbath by the space of half a
year into the place of public repentance, and desired for God's
cause to be received. The Session ordained her to compear the
next three Sabbaths barefoot and in Unen clothes, first at the
kirk door betwixt the second and third bell, and therefore to
come to the place of pubhc repentance, and so to be received.
* Mr Scott says that this repentance-stool continued long in St John's
Church, and was pulled do-wn a few years previous to 1775 by some "persons
unknown, after which the Kirk-Session used oue of their own pews for the
purpose ; and in Mr Scott's time they hired one in the East Church belonging
to the Town-Council.

248 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
A Street Frolic. — February 6, 1609. It was reported that
on Tuesday at even last ives Andrew Johnstone and his vrife,
James Jackson and his wife, David Jackson and Helen Hynd,
went through the town disguised, with swords and staves,
molesting and hurting sundry persons ; and therefore the (Kirk)
Session ordered them to be warded to this day eight days.
February 13 — Compeared Andrew Johnstone and Janet
Cunningham his spouse, James Jackson and  Stobie his
spouse, David Jackson and Helen Hynd, all warned to this
day, and being inquired why they went out disguised about
the town on Tuesday last ives, at ten and eleven hours at
even, with swords and staves, troubliing and molesting their
neighbours on the streets whom they met ; answered — That
after they had all supped together they had resolved to go
about the town of no evil purpose or intention but merriness,
and denied that they molested any. They being removed, it
was instantly found that they were disguised, namely, Andrew
Johnstone's wife having her hair hanging down, and a black
hat on her head ; her husband Andrew Johnstone with a
sword in his hand ; David Jackson having a mutch (woman's
cap) upon his head, and (dressed in) a woman's gown ; as
Constantine Melice, Bailie, and sundry others declared, and
that they hurted and molested sundry persons. The (Kirk)
Session finds their doing to be slanderous, and that because
the pestilence still continues amongst us, and all these persons
lately come in from the fields, when the botch and boyl was
on their persons ; and has ordained them to be condignly
punished, first, to be put in ward presently, there to remain
all together until the Sabbath ; and next, because their fault
is public and notorious, to come altogether the next Sabbath
in linen clothes to the place of public repentance, there to
confess their heinous offence, and to be rebuked as dissolute
and licentious persons in presence of the whole congregation.
Sunday Offenders and Regulations. — March 20, 1609. The
Visitors report that good order was kept the last Sabbath,
except that some boatmen of Dundee were found loosing some
victual in time of preaching, and therefore were put in ward
by the Magistrate. March 27 — The Visitors report that
good order was kept the last Sabbath, except that they found

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 249
Henry Allan and John Murray transporting victual in time of
preaching, and therefore were apprehended by the Magistrate
and put in ward. — WiUiam Williamson, BaUie, caused an
officiar bring Henry Allan and John Murray, and presented
them before the Session, who were convicted of profaning the
Sabbath by absenting themselves from hearing of the Word,
and transporting of rictual in time of preaching; therefore the
Session ordained them to declare their repentance pubhcly in
the kirk the next Sabbath, and put them again into the hands
of the Magistrate, to be punished according to the Act of
Parliament. The Session ordains that all persons whatsoever
that be found profaning the holy Sabbath, especially in time
of preaching before or after noon, drinking in taverns or
ale-houses, or vaging in the fields or streets, to be apprehended
by the Magistrate- Visitor for the time, and put in ward, there
to remain until the preaching after noon be ended ; and for
this effect ordains a meeting from this time furth every Sabbath
immediately after the preaching after noon, that all profaners
ofthe Sabbath maybe called and censured; and the Magistrates
promised their concurrence and assistance. August 13 — The
Visitors report that good order was kept the last Sabbath,
except that they found some skinner boys playing into the
North Inch in time of preaching before noon, and some
drinking into the Meal -Vennel after noon, who were warded
by the Magistrates.
The Difficulties of an intended Benedict. — December 25,
1609. Compeared Andrew Gray, regretting and complaining
that he had dehvered a testimonial directed from Mr James
Smith, Minister of Erroll, to Mr Alexander Balneaves, Reader,
for proclamation of his banns of marriage, which the said Mr
Alexander neglected, and he knew not upon what occasion.
It was answered unto him by the Ministers (that) he was
under a pubhc slander for the sin of fornication committed by
him vrithin the parish of Inverkeithing, for the which he had
not satisfied that kirk by declaring his public repentance, and
therefore the public proclamation of banns was stayed. The
said Andrew ans'wered, that he had satisfied indeed by declaring
his public repentance ; and being inquired if he had an testi
monial of his satisfaction and pubUc repentance, answered, he

250 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
had it not for the present, but that it should be had before his
marriage, and therefore desired that the public proclamation
of his banns might be no longer impeded. The said Andrew
being removed, it was ordained by the Session that his banns
of marriage should be publicly proclaimed the next Sabbath
for the first time, and he should report from the Minister and
Kirk-Session of Inverkeithing a sufficient testimonial of his
satisfaction to their kirk for his sin of fornication, committed
vrithin their congregation, betwixt and the Sabbath come eight
days, otherwise aU farther proclamation to stay. The said
Andrew being caUed upon, and the ordinance and will of the
Session being intimated and declared unto him, he took the
testimonial presently out of his pouch (pocket), and produced
it in presence of the whole Session. The Session thought that
by his form of dealing they were eluded and mocked by him,
and therefore were highly offended. Jcmuary 1, 1610 — Com
peared Andrew Gray, who complained that notwithstanding
the last day of Session an ordinance was made for public procla
mation of his banns of marriage the last Sabbath, yet again it
was neglected and stayed by Mr Alexander Balneaves, Reader,
and desired to know upon what occasion the proclamation was
stayed. It was answered unto him by the Ministers, that the
proclamation of his banns was stayed justly for three reasons
and causes. The first was, because the last day of his
compearance before the Session he had eluded and misled the
Session by saying, first, he had not an testimonial of his
satisfaction of the kirk of Inverkeithing when it was sought,
and afterwards producing it ; secondly, because since his last
compearance before them a letter was directed from the
Ministers of Edinburgh with (about) an gentlewoman called
Margaret Bailzie, ¦with whom he had committed fornication,
declaring that she had promise of marriage of him ; thirdly,
because his servant woman was fugitive with bairn begotten
in fornication, which was alleged to be his. The said Andrew
answered, that he never made promise of marriage to the
said Margaret Bailzie, and if the Session would cause her be
confronted with him presently in their presence, he would give
his oath that he never made promise of marriage; and as
concerning the woman who was fugitive with bairn, and that

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 251
the bairn was aUeged to be his, answered, she was not his
hired servant, but sometimes resorted to his house, and, when
she pleased, departed again, and plainly affirmed that for the
present he knew not where she was. It was declared unto
him by the Ministers that they were informed she was his hired
servant, who long had remained in his house, and, therefore,
seeing now she was fugitive under a slander of fornication, he
should exhibit her before the Session, that she might be tried,
and the slajider removed, otherwise he woiUd neither get the
benefit of proclamation nor yet of marriage. The said Andrew,
hearing this, departed malcontent, and said he should mend
himself as he might. January 5 — It was declared in presence
of the Session that Andrew Gray was married the last Tuesday
in the kirk of Inchture, by Mr Alexander  , Minister
at the said kirk. The Session being certainly informed that
Andrew Gray has sought and got the benefit of marriage
without public proclamation of his banns in his own parish
kirk, and ¦without any testimonial sought or given to him
according to the laudable custom of the Kirk, joining this
misorder with his former slanders and contempt of the dis
cipline established in the Kirk, whereupon great slander and
offence have ensued not only in this town, but also in other
parts of the country ; therefore the Session have all, with one
consent and advice, ordained the said Andrew to be pubhcly
cited out of pulpit the next Sabbath, to compear before them
in the place and house of their Session on Tuesday next, the
10th day of this instant, with certification, if he compear not
(in) the said place to satisfy for his great misorder and proud
contempt of the Kirk, they wiU proceed against him with the
sentence and censure of excommunication. January 9 —
Andrew Gray, being warned to this day, and called upon,
compeared not, and therefore the Session ordained him to be
cited out of pulpit publicly the next Sabbath pro secundo to
compear before them in the place of their Session on Monday
next, the 15th day of this instant January, with certification,
if he compear not the said day and place, they ¦wiU proceed
against him with the censure and sentence of excommunication.
January 15 — Compeared Andrew Gray, publicly cited by Mr
John Malcolm, Minister, to this day pro secundo, who in
humility confessed his offence, and put himself into the wUl

252 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
of the Session, to be censured by them as they shall think
expedient. Because his offence was g-reat, therefore the Session
takes (time) to be advised further of his censures. January 19
— Compeared Andrew Gray, who in humility as of before
confessed his offence, and put himself into the will of the
Session. The said Andrew being removed, and the Session,
considering the greatness of his offences, thought he deserved
to be corrected in severity; yet because of his humble sub
mission they have mitigated his censure, and ordained him to
compear three several days into the place of public repentance,
viz. on Sunday next, Thursday, and Sunday come eight days,
that by his public repentance the slander might be removed.
Tyranny of the Kirk-Session. — June 18, 1610. Compeared
Alexander Crighton, who was convicted by his own confession
of haunting and frequenting the company of Robert Crighton,
excommunicate Papist, eating and drinking with him in
taverns, and walking (with him) on the streets ; and therefore
the Session ordained him to declare his repentance pubhcly
the next Sabbath in his own seat. July 16 — Because that
Alexander Crighton has not obeyed the ordinance of the
Session in declaring his pubhc repentance for frequenting
the company of Robert Crighton, excommunicate Papist,
therefore they requested the Magistrates to put the said
Alexander in ward, therein to remain ay and until he find
sufficient caution to satisfy their former ordinance.

This was among the last acts of the Presbyterian Kirk-
Session of Perth, before that body became Episcopal, which it
continued from 1611 to 1639. Bishops were duly consecrated
in 1610, and the Spottiswoode Succession was continued till
the Covenanting rebelhon in the latter year. In the General
Assembly held at Glasgow on the 8th of June 1610, which
Calderwood designates a " woful Assembly," the Archbishops
and Bishops were authorized to hold and preside in Diocesan
Synods, the summoning of which was acknowledged to belong
exclusively to the King ; and no persons were to be excommu
nicated or absolved from that sentence, without the knowledge
and approbation of the Bishop of the Diocese, who was to be
answerable for his conduct solely to the King. Several other

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 253
regulations were enacted and ratified; every Minister was
prohibited to utter any dissent from the pulpit against the pro
ceedings of that Assembly, and Presbyterianism was for nearly
twenty-eight years utterly prostrated. One of the Instructions
enjoined by King James was the definition of the functions of
lay Elders : — " Considering," it is stated, " that lay Elders have
neither warrant in the Word (of God), nor example of the
Primitive Church, and that nevertheless it is expedient that
some be appointed to assist the Minister in repairing the
fabric of the (parish) church, providing elements to the holy
Communion, and collecting the contribution for the poor, with
other necessary services, the Minister is to make choice of
the most wise and discreet persons in his parish to that effect,
and to present their names to the Ordinary, that his appro
bation may be had thereto ; " and also " the Ministers of the
parish be authorized to caU before them and their associates
so allowed all public and notorious offenders, and enjoin the
satisfaction according to the Canons of the Church, or if they be
obstinate and contumacious, declare their names to the Bishop,
that order may be taken with them." Although the change to
Episcopacy afforded them no relief from the supervision of the
Kirk-Sessions, multitudes even of the peasantry beheld the
legal suppression of Presbyterianism without regret, evincing
no opposition to the estabhshment of the Episcopate in 1610.
This was particularly the case with the citizens of Perth, as
appears from the Kirk-Session Register, and the only objectors
were some of their Ministers, who, however, merely opposed
a few of the minor ecclesiastical arrangements. The worthy
burgesses of the " Fair City" unanimously conformed to
Episcopacy after 1610, and it is remarkable that a greater
number of their Ministers became Bishops of the first and
second Consecrations than those of any other city in Scotland.
The celebrated " Five Articles of Perth," ratified in the
General Assembly held there in 1618, were acknowledged by
the citizens ; and it is duly recorded, under date 5th March
1619, that as respects Kneeling at the Communion, the Kirk-
Session " all agreed in one that the celebration thereof be
made according to the said Act."

254 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
THE EPISCOPAL KIRK-SESSION.

THE MOST REVEREND GEORGE GLADSTANES, D. D., ARCHBISHOP
OF ST ANDREWS, PRIMATE, AND METROPOLITAN.
MINISTERS OF PERTH  ME JOHN MALCOLM AND ME WILLIAM COWPER.
The Titular or Tulchan Episcopate was constituted in 1571,
when, on the 18th of August, Mr John Douglas, originally
a CarmeUte Friar, Rector of the University of St Andrews, a
cadet of the Earl of Morton's family, was appointed nominal
Archbishop of St Andrews, and as such he attended the
Parliament or Convention held at Stirling on the 28th of that
month. John Porterfield was about the same time appointed
Titular Archbishop of Glasgow, and James Paton to the See
of Dunkeld. Some of the other Bishoprics were not vacant,
and the nomination of the Titulars was delayed in several
cases till a future period.
This anomalous and ¦risionary state of affairs was in existence
at the accession of James VI. to the English Crown in 1603,
after which the King resolved to introduce something like
ecclesiastical order among a rude and hitherto wretchedly
instructed people. Of all the former Titulars, CampbeU of
Brechin was the only one alive, and though he continued to
exercise the function of a preacher at Brechin till his death in
1606, he also retained his seat in the Parliaments. In 1600
George Gladstanes, a native of Dundee, successively Minister
of Arbirlot in Forfarshire and of St Andrews in Fife, was
nominated to the Titular Episcopate of Caithness, from which
he was removed to the Archbishopric of St Andrews in 1606.
This commenced his connection with Perth, which is ¦within
the ancient Diocese of St Andrews. His contemporary as
Titular Archbishop of Glasgow, was his successor John Spot
tiswoode, who was appointed in 1603, and not in 1610, as
Bishop Keith states, when the See of Glasgow became literally
vacant by the death of Archbishop Beaton at Paris — the last
survivor of the Prelates of the Roman Catholic Hierarchy,

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 255
The first Scottish Parliament after the accession of James
VI. to the Crown of England was summoned to be held at
Edinburgh on the 10th of April 1604, and John third Earl
of Montrose, grandfather of the great Marquis of Montrose,
was constituted Lord High Commissioner. This Nobleman
was then also Lord Chancellor — an office which he held tUl
December of that year, when he was appointed Viceroy of
Scotland, the highest honour which a subject could attain.
The Parliament was adjourned to the 24th of AprU, when the
Titulars of Glasgow and Caithness were present. On the
26th the Lords of the Articles were chosen, among whom
were the Titulars of Glasgow, Caithness, Dunkeld, Ross, and
Brechin. The Parliament was prorogued till the 3d of July,
when it met at Perth, on account of an alarming pestilence
which prevailed in several districts, and ravaged to an alarming
extent the Scottish metropolis. A Commission for a Treaty
of Union with England was issued on the 11th, the members
of which were to report first to the King, and then to the
ParUaments of Scotland and England. This was foUowed by
a short " Act in favour of the Kirk," which merely ratified
all former Acts " in favour of the Kirk and Religion presently
professed and established within this Realm of Scotland,"
and confirming the Acts against " Jesuits, Papists, Seminary
Priests, and their resetters." The more zealous Presbyterians,
doubtful of their pecuUar position, renewed their subscription
of their then Confession of Faith, and held meetings first at
St Andrews and afterwards at Perth, the latter of which was
attended by some of the Titular Bishops, who conducted
themselves with great moderation, and even joined in a petition
to the King that a General Assembly would be aUowed.
In addition to the establishment of the Titular Episcopate,
letters were issued in February 1606-7 from the Privy Council,
ordering every Presbytery to accept a Constant Moderator.
The whole of them, some with reluctance, accepted the Constant
Moderators to preside over them; and it was arranged that
the Bishops were to act as Moderators of the Pro^rincial Synods
in their respective Dioceses. The Constant Moderators of the
Presbyteries were to be responsible to the Moderators of the
Synods, and to the whole Synods. If guilty of any offence,

256 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
the former were to be removed after a la'wful trial, and the
worthiest member of the Presbytery was to be preferred in his
place. Every Presbytery was to elect two members or commis
sioners to the General AssembUes ; and it was even conceded
that in the case of the Moderators the Presbyteries were not
compelled to accept any particular individual if they had any
objections to his life and doctrine.
Though the Presbyteries accepted the Constant Moderators,
the rebellious leaven threatened to ferment in some of the
Provincial Synods, and in that of Perth an uproar occiirred
which strikingly illustrates the sentiments of the parties. It
is described both by Calderwood and James Melville, but the
foUowing, a condensation of both, is also a Presbyterian
account of it from the Perth Registers, and is more luminously
expressed. David Lord Scone, who figures in it, was the
second son of Sir Andrew Murray of Arngask and Balvaird,
by Janet daughter of William second Earl of Montrose. His
first title was Sir Da'rid Murray, and the proximity of his
mansion of Scone, about two miles from Perth, of which he
was Lord Provost at the time, enabled him to take a deep
interest in the public affairs transacted in that city. The
forfeited and attainted Earls of Go^wrie had been Commendators
of Scone, and held the temporal lordship, into which that
ancient religious establishment was erected, at the time of the
celebrated Gowrie Conspiracy concocted by John third Earl,
his brother, and Logan of Restalrig. Sir David Murray was
created Lord Scone in 1605, and Viscount Stormont in 1622.
His Lordship was a zealous supporter of the Episcopal Church,
and a devoted determined opponent of the system, pretensions,
and claims of Presbyterianism. He is consequently the subject
of the bitter vituperation of its adherents.
" In the Provincial Synod which met at Perth the last day
of March 1607," observes Mr Scott, " there was no business
done. Sir David Murray, Lord Scone, produced two com
missions, the one from the King and the other from the Pri^vy
Council, directing him to charge the members of the Synod to
restrict themselves in the choice of a Moderator to one of the
four Ministers who had been appointed by the last Assembly
at Linlithgow perpetual Moderators of the four several Presby-

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 257
teries of which the Synod at that time consisted. The members
replied that they had never seen the Act of last Assembly relating
to perpetual Moderators either of Presbyteries or Synods — that
they had only heard confused and contradictory accounts of
it ; and they desired my Lord Scone to show them a copy of
it, which, however, he either could not or did not choose to
do. They alleged farther that they could not elect one of
those four Ministers, even though that Act should be as he
represented it, for that one of those Ministers was now dead ;
another of them lay at the point of death ; a third had refused
to accept the office of perpetual Moderator; and that the fourth,
Mr Alexander Lindsay (a few months afterwards Bishop of
Dunkeld), Minister of St Madoes,* had violently intruded
himself into the office of perpetual Moderator in the Presbytery
of Perth, for that the brethren of the Presbytery had protested
against his admission.
"All the members of the Synod, except Mr Alexander
Lindsay himself, voted that there should be a free election of
a Moderator according to the usual manner. Lord Scone
threatened that he would discharge or dissolve the Synod.
The Synod commanded Mr WiUiam Row, Minister at Forgan
denny, their former Moderator, to call the roll in order to a
free election. At last both Lord Scone and Mr Row requested
the Synod to adjourn, and delay the affair tUl next day. On
the morrow Mr Row, in name of the Synod, earnestly entreated
my Lord Scone, and some others who were joint commissioners
with him, not to hinder the Synod from having a free election
of their own Moderator. He mentioned the example of some
Noblemen who had been sent commissioners to other Synods,
who for such reasons as had been urged had yielded that
' point. But Lord Scone in a peremptory manner demanded
their obedience; and his passion being roused, threatened,
and gave abusive names to several of the Ministers. Mr Row
exhorted him to ' speak with reverence and reason.'
" The Synod having taken the depositions of such of the
members as were at the last Assembly, and having thereby
got no better information concerning the Act which was now
enforced upon them, urged Mr Row to proceed to the election
" A small parish near Perth, locally termed Semmidores !
17

258 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
without farther delay. The Ministers whose names had been
mentioned in the leets given in by several Presbyteries being
removed, Mr Row, holding the Synod hst in his hand, as he
had done the day before, to ask the votes of the members, the
Commissioner (Lord Scone) raged, and attempted to puU the
Ust out of his hand. But Mr Row, holding the paper in his
left hand, and with his right keeping down the Commissioner
in his chair, finished the Ust, when Mr Henry Livingstone
was declared to be chosen Moderator, was caUed in, and
commanded to take his place (seat.) When the Commissioner
saw him coming forward to the Moderator's place, he rose
from his seat to stop him, and said in a threatening manner —
' Let no man be so bold as to come there.' Mr Livingstone
stopped at the middle of the table. ' Let us begm,' said he,
' at God, and be humbled iu the name of Jesus Christ ; ' and
immediately kneeled down on the floor, as did all the Ministers
along with him.* The Commissioner in a great rage clapped
on his breast, and said — ' The devil a Jesus is here.'f When
* Are We to infer from this, that the Presbyterian Ministers were then iu
the habit of kneeling at prayer, instead of standing — the indecent posture of
their representatives, both the Established and Dissenting Presbyterians, in
subsequent times 1
+ This very irreverent expression, which can scarcely be palliated by the
provocation Lord Scone received from those men, is not mentioned by James
Melville in his Diary. His version of the story is — " They gravely charged
Scone, in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ, by whose power and authority
they were (as they pretended) convened, not to trouble that meeting, appealing
him before the tribunal of God, and remembering him what judgments of
God had lighted on those who had been disturbers and troublers of the Kirk
in times bypast, naming to him diverse whom he knew ; but he in a fury
knocking on his breast, exclaimed — ' There is no Jesus liere.' For the
which, either his miserable confession, if he meant of himself, or blasphemy,
if he spake of the Assembly (Synod) convened and fenced in the name of
Jesus Christ by the word and prayer, they with power rebuked him every
one, as God ministered grace, that he was so perplexed and dashed (ashamed)
that he had not a Word to speak. At last he began to use violence, and to
pull the catalogue out of the Moderator's hand, who said to him — ' Cease, my
Lord : we will not be prohibited from doing our office under the Lord Jesus
Christ, for we are his servants and good fellows too. Think not your terrors
will move us.' " Those men made as familiar use of our Saviour's name as the
Non-Intrusion Presbyterians are noted for having done in their numerous
mob meetings from 1834 to 1843. Lord Scone's principles could not allow
him to recognize their Synod as an ecclesiastical court at all. — Melville's
Diary (Wodrow Society), p. 703.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 259
he saw that the Moderator, notwithstanding, was proceeding
in his prayer, he overturned the table with the green-cloth
upon him (Moderator Livingstone), and the rest who were
upon the south side of the church, all humbled upon their
knees, but they never stirred, nor seemed at aU to regard his
violence. He caused some of the guard to remove the table,
and caUed out for some of the Baihes. The Ministers continued
their prayer, beseeching the Lord, says Calderwood, to be
avenged of the blasphemy of his name, and of the contempt
of his glory, which was now trampled imder foot by profane
men. AU the time of the prayer, the Commissioner (Lord
Scone), or the ComptroUer, as Calderwood caUs him, seeing
he long enjoyed the Comptroller's office, never uncovered his
head. Protestations and instruments were afterwards taken by
both parties. When the BaiUes came, he (Scone) commanded
them to ring the common beU, and to remove the rebels.
They pretended that it behoved them first to convene the
(To^wn) Council. They went away, and returned not again,
though he himself was at that time Provost of the town.
After the Synod had gone through some of the usual forms,
they adjourned for a little, and when they returned they found
the doors of the church locked. Some of the Town-Council
were sent to the Commissioner to crave the keys, but were
refused. The Baihes offered to break open the doors. The
citizens were enraged, but the Ministers forbade aU kind of
violence. A great concourse of people gathered around them,
shedding many tears, and lamenting the rude treatment they
had received. At length the Ministers resolved to hold their
Synod in the church-yard, before the south door of the church.
Immediately on intimating their resolution, the people weeping,
and cursing the instruments of that day's disturbance, ran
with aU speed, and brought tables, forms, and stools, for the
use of the Ministers, and then the Ministers, in the presence
of aU the people, having kneeled down and prayed, proceeded
to agree on such measures as were proper and necessary for
them to take after what had happened. Spottiswoode relates
that they were afterwards called before the Privy Council, and
forbid to have any provincial meeting in time coming; but
it would appear that this prohibition was of short continuance.

260 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
as in the Session Register, under the date of 17th of August
1607, it is said that ' there was no meeting of Session that
day, because the Ministers were at the Provincial Assembly
holden at Stirling.' Indeed, Mr William Row, who had acted
with so much boldness and zeal, was, Calderwood says, ' put
to the horn, and search was made for his apprehension, so that
he was forced to lurk among friends a great while after.' " *
Such was the " scene " exhibited in the Provincial Synod
held at Perth, which nearly ended in a riot. The part which
Lord Scone sustained in this meeting does not place him in
a very favourable light, inasmuch as he conducted himself with
violence. Although his irreverent exclamation connected vrith
our Saviour's name cannot be palliated, his Lordship was a
religious man, and this is not denied by some of his traducers,
while they admit that " he was very useful to King James in
carrying on matters with violence against the Presbyterian
party." Lord Scone's character is thus delineated by his friend
Bishop Cowper of GaUoway, in his admirable Commentary on
the 119tli Psalm, delivered in the course of week-day evening
lectures in St John's church at Perth, published in 1613, and
dedicated to his Lordship, t The Bishop compliments Lord
Scone on the pleasure he took in building, planting, and
other such matters, wherein he was an example to all around
him ; and he exliorts him to the practice of several duties, of
daily prayer, of charity to the poor, of honouring and making
welcome to his company the servants of the Lord, of guarding
against covetousness, or a love of the world. He says that he
had known the seed of godliness in him these many years,
breeding spiritual remorse with tears, and godly holy desires ;
and that he had presented this book to him, to the intent
that these might at length be cherished and brought forward
both to the flourishing and further fructifying. " There are
none," observes Bishop Cowper, who evidently cherished a
* In Mercer's Chronicle this affair is briefly noticed — "A Synodical
Assembly of (Presbyterian) Ministers was holden in the New (West) Kirk
of Perth. My Lord Scone came in, and discharged them. He threw over
the table, and put them forth ; but they yet held their Assembly at the kirk
door, with joy that the people were so well affected to them. Mr Harry
Livingstone was Moderator."
t This Commentary is printed in Bishop Cowper's Works.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 261
great regard for Lord Scone, and was his intimate friend,
" who know your Lordship, but have marked an affection
towards religion so indivertible, that no man contrary minded
durst ever attempt to alter it, which in this declining age
deserves no small commendation. A heart in like manner
toward execution of justice so inflexible, that ye have preferred
the law (of God) to the love of men who otherwise have been
most dear to you, for the which, howsoever ye have been
misliked of many, yet have you proved a profitable servant to
your Master in most difficult times, for by justice is the throne
estabhshed." This is not the servile language of flattery, but
" things" in Lord Scone's character, which, Mr Scott confesses,
" deserve commendation." Bishop Cowper was Minister of
Perth at the time, and was so far a Presbyterian, that Calder
wood inserts a letter alleged to have been written by him to
George Graham, Minister of Scone, who had accepted the
Bishopric of Dumblane in 1606, in which he disapproved of
the episcopal office.* If this letter is genuine, of which there
are some doubts, we may observe with Mr Scott, that " it
was not long till he came to alter his opinion of the mode of
church-government. ' '
Another curious discussion, in which the two Ministers of
Perth are prominent, occurred in the Diocesan Synod of Fife,
held at St Andrews by Archbishop Gladstanes on the 9th of
October 1610. It is also related by Calderwood, but Mr
Scott, in his Extracts from the Perth Kirk-Session Registers,
adds some particulars which entitle his account to the pre
ference : — " The Synod met in the aisle of the church of St
Andrews. On the east side of the aisle was set a table covered
with a green cloth, and a green velvet cushion upon it before
the Archbishop. A stool was placed beside it for the Clerk
of Court. After prayer, and the choosing of the clerk, the
Archbishop, stiU acting as Moderator, proposed that according
to custom some Ministers should be nominated as members of
the private committee. Then Mr John Malcolm, Minister at
Perth, spoke after this manner — 'Seeing we are here convened
to see what shall be done to the glory of God and well (being)
* History, p. 549, 550.

262 THE BOOK or PERTH.
of his Kirk, we should know by what authority, and upon
what ground, the order of our Kirk, established by so many
famous General Assemblies, and ratified by Acts of Parhament,
was altered; for we cannot see that order altered but vrith
grief of heart, seeing we acknowledge it to be the only true
form of government of Christ's Kirk,' The Archbishop in a
rage, and with contempt, answered — ' That he would not have
believed that such an aged man would have uttered such
foohsh talk. Could he be ignorant of the Acts of the Assembly
of Glasgow ? He (the Archbishop) would be Moderator
according to that warrant ; and he was persuaded that none
there present, except Mr Malcolm himself, was of a contrary
judgment.' Mr WilUam Erskine, Minister, said — ' My Lord,
our reverend brother and aged father hath not spoken vrithout
reason, for suppose we be come here thinking it is his
Majesty's ¦will, yet we are not minded to do any thing, by
God's grace, against our conscience. We would first see the
warrant of your moderatorship, otherwise if you do any thing
tyrannically, it would be better for us to be absent than
present.' The Archbishop answered — ' Who should inform
you of the Acts of the Assembly ? I will not satisfy any of
your hearts that way. If ye will depart, on your own peril be
it. If there were but three or four to remain, I shall do my
duty and service to the King's Majesty.' Mr John Kinnier,
Minister, said — ' Think you that this can be a meeting to
God's glory, or to do any good, when you will sit to do as you
please, and will not with patience hear the brethren? You
¦wUl find miscontentment in more here convened, if you give
us not some warrant.'
"The Archbishop became more calm, and said — 'It is
strange, brethren, that you are so much about an indifferent
matter. What avails it who be Moderator, if nothing be done
but to the contentment of you aU ? I shaU promise before
God that nothing shaU be done but with the consent of the
whole or greater part of the Assembly.' Mr Wilham Cowper
(who was present as a member of the Provincial Synod) said —
' My Lord, it were well done to go to the matter in hand, and
then to let the brethren receive contentment.' Without farther
opposition the Archbishop proceeded, and the private com-

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 263
mittee was chosen. After the Synod had gone through some
other business, the Archbishop intimated to all present that if
any man should speak against the Acts of the Assembly of
Glasgow he should be deposed, and farther punished according
to his Majesty's pleasure. The Acts of the Glasgow Assembly
were then read, with the hearing of which the brethren were
much moved. After some had delivered their opinions, Mr
WUham Cowper said — ' My Lord, hear me; and, brethren, I
beseech you in Christ, remember that these things are not
such essential points as to rend the bowels of the Kirk, or to
cast your ministry in hazard for them. What joy can you
have in your suffering, if ye suffer for matters so indifferent
as who shaU be Moderator, or who shall have imposition of
hands? Wherefore serveth it to fiU the people's ears with
contentious doctrine concerning the government of the Kirk ?
Were it not far better to preach Christ sincerely, (and) to
wait on and see what the Lord will work in these matters ? '
Some more of the brethren having delivered their opinions,
Mr David Mearns, Minister, said — '¦ We can do no less than
testify our miscontentment, and protest before God that we
are not satisfied, and therefore will wait tiU the Lord grant a
better time.' ' Then do so,' said the Archbishop, ' and let
us conclude.' "*
The Tulchan Episcopate was superseded on the 21st of
October 1610 by the consecration of Archbishop Spottiswoode
of Glasgow, Bishop Lamb of Brechin, and Bishop Hamilton
of Galloway. This was done in the chapel of London House,
and although Archbishop Spottiswoode mentions generally
that the English Bishops who presided at the consecration of
himself and his brethren were Dr George Abbot, then of
London, Dr Launcelot Andrews, then of Ely, and Dr James
¦* Calderwood could not resist inserting the following accident, with which,
if it really happened as he represents, it is evident Archbishop Gladstanes
had nothing to do, and it might have occurred in the house of a Presbyterian
minister; — " Upon the Sabbath-day after this Diocesan Synod, Bishop Glad
stanes, reposing himself in his bed in time of the afternoon's sermon (at St
Andrews), was wakened, and all the people in the kirk raised with a cry of
blood and murder ; for his sister's son killed his cook with a throw of his
dagger, just under the left pap (breast), while he was beginning to prepare
the supper."

264 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
Montague, of Bath and Wells, it appears that the last named
Bishop was not present, and that his place was suppUed by
Dr Richard Neale, then of Rochester, and Dr Henry Parry,
then of Worcester. The consecrated Bishops returned to
Scotland in December, and duly invested Archbishop Glad
stanes of St Andrews ¦with the episcopal function. It is
stated in a manuscript evidently written about the beginning
of the seventeenth century,* that Archbishop Gladstanes
was consecrated in St Andrews conform to the Order, and has
as great jurisdiction as any of his predecessors had at any
time then before. He was consecrated in the parish kirk of
St Andrews, the penult of December, and with him the
Bishop of Orkney, by the Archbishop of Glasgow and the
Bishops of Galloway and Brechin." Calderwood states that
" upon the Lord's-day, the 13th of January (1611), and
upon the Lord's-day, the 24th February, the rest of the
Bishops were consecrated, some at St Andrews, and some at
Leith." That they had been invested with the Episcopate in
the early part of 1611 is evident from a letter of Archbishop
Gladstanes to King James, dated the 3d of May in that year.
— " All the Bishops," he informs the King, " of my province
are now consecrated, for after that I had performed that work
so in Leith and Edinburgh that the very precisians, who had
carried prejudice about that purpose, were fully satisfied, being
informed that those in the North who be within my Diocese
are more unruly than any in the South, spoke calumniously
both in public and private of that consecration, I thought
meet there also to practise that action, and thereupon have
consecrated the Bishops of Aberdeen and Caithness in the
cathedral kirk of Brechin, being assisted with (by) the Bishops
of Dunkeld and Brechin, in the sight of such a multitude of
people as I never saw in such bounds." f
It wUl thus be seen that the Episcopal Church was estab
lished in Scotland in the course of a few years without any
formidable contentions. Some of the more violent of the
Presbyterian preachers grumbled and remonstrated, but no
¦* Wodrow MSS. 4to. vol. xx. No. I. cited in " Analecta Scotica," edited by
James Maidment, Esq. Advocate. Second Series, Edinburgh, 1837, p. 10.
t Wodrow's MS. Collections, vol. i. p. 302.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 265
civU war, no riots, no commotions, ensued. In reality, the
mass of the people were passive, and no serious opposition was
even attempted. The Church was estabUshed, moreover, by
Parliaments of the whole Nobihty of the kingdom, and the
representatives of the counties and royal burghs. Such are
tiie historical facts, however much they may be distorted or
denied by the Presbyterian writers.
The mode of inducting the parochial clergy to the benefices
during the establishment of the Episcopal Church is thus
described by Erskine in his " Principles of the Law of
Scotland:" — " Upon presentation by the patron, the Bishop
coUated or conferred the benefice upon the presentee by a
¦writing, in which he appointed certain ministers of the
Diocese to induct or institute him into the church, which
induction completed his right, and was performed by their
placing him in the pulpit, and delivering the Bible and the
keys of the church."
The functions of the Kirk-Sessions, the lay Elders of which
had been declared in the King's directions to have " neither
warrant in the Word, nor example of the Primitive Church,"
were nevertheless continued. The Episcopal Kirk-Session of
Perth seems to have been much the same as it was under
the successive Superintendent, Presbyterian, and Tulchan
systems, and to have proceeded much in their usual manner.
This will appear from the following continuation of Mr Scott's
Extracts from the Register. The estabhshment of Episcopacy
caused no alteration in the mode of conducting Divine Service,
which was in the Presbyterian form.

Contumacy and Sunday Profanation. — October 14, 1611.
Compeared Andrew Mathew, skinner, who was convicted of
disobedience in not compearing the first day he was warned,
and therefore the Session ordained him to pay an half merk
according to the ordinance of the Magistrate, and, next, was
convicted of profaning the Sabbath by absenting himself from
hearing of the Word and vaging in the fields in time of
preaching ; and therefor was rebuked, and ordained farther to
be punished, according to the Act of Parliament.

266 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
An Illegal Midwife. — October 20, 1611. Because Janet
Lockhart has taken upon her the office of a midwife at her
own hand, without trial of her skill, and without license, and
has conspired with others to conceal the sin of adultery and
other wickedness, therefore the Sessiqn ordained her to be
rebuked publicly by the Minister the next Sabbath, and to be
inhibit from meddling with the office of a midwife in time
coming.* Midwives. — November 4, 1611. Compeared Margaret
Rutherfurd and Elspith Gloag, midwives, who gave their oath
of fidehty to be faithful and honest in their calhng; and
farther, it is enjoined to them, under the pain of discharging
them from their office, that they should not help any woman
suspected of whoredom, and who was not married to an
husband, except that first they got their confession, with a
solemn oath, to whom the bairn appertained, and who was the
bairn's father, which they promised tp do, with a solemn oath
and extension of the hand, in presence of the whole (Kirk)
Session. Playing at Dice on Sunday — An Informer. — November
11, 1611. Compeared James Ferguson, who declared that he
was out of the kirk on Sunday was a fifteen days in time of
* Mr Scott records the following local gossip connected with the case of
Janet Lockhart -.- — " She had privately delivered a gentlewoman of a bastard
child, and concealed it afterwards. The woman in whose house the child was
bom laid her hand upon the child's mouth with a purpose to smother it, but
Janet Lockhart made her desist, by saying she would go instantly and awaken
the whole town if she were to do such an action. The woman in whose house
the gentlewoman had gone to be delivered gave the child afterward in a
private manner to a nurse, and received money for the nurse privately from
the father, who was a married man. Janet Lockhart made the gentlewoman
declare who was the child's father before she would give her any assistance in
her labour." On the 13th of January 1612 Janet Lockhart petitioned the
Ministers and Elders, declaring that " she had nothing to maintain herself
and poor bairns, and that she was brought to extreme poverty and necessity
since she was discharged by the Session from using the service of a midwife,
and therefore humbly besought the Ministers and Elders to pity her state and
bairns, and to suffer her to use her wonted service." Her request was granted,
with an admonition " to be godly and faithful in her calling in all time
coming, assuring her that if at any time hereafter she should bo convicted
again of any notorious fault, she should be banished the town as one unworthy
to have residence in any Christian congregation."

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 267
preaching before noon, and was in Walter Young's house,
where he saw John Firskine and Hugh Firskine playing at the
dice, and the said John Firskine won fourteen merks from the
other, and that they drank a quart of wine at the dinner, where
Walter Young, goodman (landlord) of the house, was present.
Compeared Walter Young (baker), and being inquired how he,
being a deacon of the kirk, suffered such enormities and
profaneness to be in his house as diceing and drinking in time
of preaching on the Lord's-day, answered — He knew no such
thing, because he was into the kirk himself, and his wife
remained at home. He was desired to present her before the
(Kirk) Session. He answered, he would answer for her himself,
and so menaced the beadle of the kirk. And therefore the
(Kirk) Session requested the Magistrates to put him in ward,
there to remain until he should be better humbled,
Sunday Profanation. — December 9, 1611. It was reported
that James Blyth, younger, went to Methven* on Sunday was
eight days to baptize his bairn, accompanied with a number
of young men of his own craft (trade), and others also, who,
both in going to Methven and returning home, behaved
themselves in a lascirious manner, having an pipe playing, and
fighting in the taft-liouse,t when they were rebuked by the
constable there appointed by the Justices of his Majesty's
peace ; and therefore the said James, and those that accompanied
him in his dissoluteness and riot, to be warned to compear
before the Session the morn (to-morrow.) December 31 —
Compeared Thomas Taylor, flesher, who by his own confession
was convicted of profaning of the Sabbath by absenting
himself from the hearing of the Word, and drinking with
Highlandmen in the time of preaching before noon ; and,
farther, the said Thomas being inquired why he troubled his
neighbours after noon in the kirk, especially Thomas Ahson,
denied; yet it was sufficiently qualified both by the testification
of James Balneaves and other honest men, that both he was
drunken, and in his drunkenness had misbehaved himself in
the house of God by shutting (pushing) his neighbours, and
casting down their books; therefore the Ministers sharply
* A parish village, six miles from Perth, on the road to Crieff.
+ ¦ A dwelling-house and ground, the same as toft.

268 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
rebuked him as a dissolute and profane man, and farther, the
whole Session ordered him to be punished for his profaneness,
and for the present requested the Magistrates to put him in
ward. January 13, 1612 — Compeared Thomas Young, tailor,
William Edwards, and Robert Farg, who were aU convicted
of profaning of the Sabbath, by absenting themselves from
hearing ofthe Word, and playing at cards in time of preaching;
and therefore were sharply rebuked by the Ministers; and
farther, the Minister and Elders requested the Magistrates to
cause punish them all according to the Act of Parhament.
A Carousal. — June 29, 1612. The Visitors report that
good order was kept the last Sabbath, except that they found
Isabel Murdoch drinking with an Highlandman, in time of
preaching, for the which cause she at the command of the
Magistrate was committed to ward.
A Barbarous Mother. — January 30, 1615.* It being
delated to the Session that Giles Finlayson, servitrix to Robert
Anderson, baxter, had of barbarous cruelty broken her own
bairn's thigh bone, therefore the Session ordains her to
compear before them the morn immediately after the sermon.
January 31 — This day Stephen Ray in Muirtown compeared
before the Session, declaring that the foresaid Giles Finlayson
had wilfully broken her own bairn's thigh bone procreate
bet^wixt him and her ; therefore she is ordained to be warned
to compear before the Session the next Monday for taking
order with her thereanent. f
* Mr Scott's Extracts from the fifth volume conclude under date 14th
December 1612, when it was reported by the Sunday Visitors that Thomas
Watson had been committed to prison for drinking in his own house " iu time
of preaching. The sixth volume commences at the 30th of January 1615, and
consequently an intervening volume, containing the transactions of the Kirk-
Session from 28th December 1612 to 30th January 1615, is now lost.
t On the 19th of June 1615 this woman was ordered "on Sunday next to
stand at the south kirk door in white sheets, immediately before the forenoon's
sermon, and after the ceasing of the hindmost beU to the sermon, shall during
the time thereof sit publicly on the stool of repentance, and there confess her
said trespass," under the penalty of L.20 Scots.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 269

THE MOST REVEREND JOHN SPOTTISWOODE, D. D., ARCHBISHOP
OF ST ANDREWS, PRIMATE, AND METROPOLITAN.*
Slandering tlie Elders. — February 20, 1615. William
Paterson (is) ordained to be warded for his reproachful and
vilifying speeches against the Elders, verified by two of them
in the presence of the (Kirk) Session.
Communion at Easter. — March 13, 1615. The Bishop
of Galloway I (William Cowper), and the haUl Elders present
the said day, ordain the Communion to be celebrated at this
* Archbishop Spottiswoode was translated from Glasgow to the Primacy
at the death of Archbishop Gladstanes, which occurred in the Archiepiscopal
Castle of St Andrews on the 2d of May 1615.
t Mr WiUiam Cowper was appointed to the Bishopric of Galloway, vacant
by the death of Bishop Hamilton. In the Parliament held at Edinburgh on
the 12th of October 1612, a "Ratification" was granted in favour of Mr
William Cowper, with " some reservations in favour of some particular persons
from the same Act" — Acta Pari. Scot, folio, vol. iv. p. 522. This corrects a
date in Bishop Keith's Catalogue of the Scottish Bishops, who states that
Bishop Hamilton of Galloway died in 1614. Mr Scott says — " Mr William
Cowper had been made Bishop of Galloway, July 31, 1612, but he still con
tinued to officiate as one of the Ministers of Perth, and did so till the end of
October 1615." While Minister of Perth, Bishop Cowper was often employed
by the Magistrates to negotiate matters affecting the interests of the " Fair
City" with King James, who held him in great regard. In December 1601,
the Town-Council empowered " Mr WiUiam Cowper to go to Dunfermline to
his Majesty, for a continuation of days of reference between the Town and
Dundee." On the 11th of April was a " production by Mr William Cowper
of a collection for the Bridge of Earn;" and in 1604 he was sent to England
to his Majesty, to " crave support lo the Bridge of Tay.'' On the 10th of
December 1605, Mr Cowper laid before the Town-Council a grant by the King
of the teinds, parsonage, and vicarage of Perth to the Town, and he also gave
a " declaration" as to his proceedings " before his Majesty in regard to the
Bridge of Tay, teinds, &c.," and received thanks for his diligence. On the
18th of August 1610, certain persons were nominated " to speak to Mr Cowper
anent the letter he received from his Majesty as to L.IOOO for the Brig;" and
in 1614 a report was presented to the Town-Council, in which it was stated
that the Bishop of Galloway had assured the Town of his Majesty's promise of
L.500 to the Brig, and as to certain obligations," &c. Other notices of Bishop
Cowper occur in the Town-Council Records of Perth. On the 24th of July
1608, an order was issued to Mr J. Adamson to accompany Mr William
Cowper to the General Convention of Ministers at Linlithgow, and on the
18th of August the account of the expenses was produced. On the 11th of
June 1611 is au order respecting Mr William Cowper's "bridal," and "grant
of wine," &c. In 1615 is an " Act to be made to the Bishop of Galloway as to
some disbursements in a reduction of teinds." — Perth Town-Council Records.

270 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
burgh on the 9th and 16th days of AprU next to come ; but
Mr John Malcolm, Minister, dissented therefrom, aUeging the
celebration thereof on the said 9th day of April, which is
Pasch Sunday, to be contrary to the Acts of (the General)
Assembly made thereanent.
Prosecution of a Witch. — May 30, 1615. The Session
requests the BaUies to ward Marion Murdoch, complained upon
for witchcraft, ay and untU she be tried thereanent.
A Zealous Minister. — October 16, 1615, Forasmeikle as
Mr John Malcolm, Minister, declared before the (Kirk) Session
that upon the last Sabbath, immediately after eight hours,
he perceived Gilbert Henderson and John Lamb, skinners,
convoying a stranger with a horse pack of skins to the Inch
Port, and that they got passage thereat; therefore the Session
ordain the said Gilbert Henderson and John Lamb, as also
WilUam Craig, porter at the said port, to be cited to compear
before the morrow, immediately after the sermon, to be
censured for their profaning of the said Sabbath.
Bishop Cowper. — October 23, 1615. Compeared Alexander
(Lindsay) Bishop of Dunkeld, and George (Graham) Bishop
of Orkney, declaring that they had commission of the Arch
bishop (Spottiswoode) of St Andrews to intimate to the
(Town) Council and (Kirk) Session of Perth, that WiUiam
Bishop of GaUoway, by occasion of the affairs of his office of
bishopric, might not serve the cure of minister any longer at
this burgh, desiring them, therefore, to give some persons in
leet to make choice of to supply his place, Whereunto the
(Kirk) Session answered — That they were grieved at their
hearts of his transportation, and that they hoped he would
return again to occupy his own place; and in expectation
thereof they would not as yet give any persons in leet. Yet
nevertheless the said Bishops Commissioners desire to make
note that they had done their commission.
A King of the Beggars. — February 1, 1616. Patrick
Crombie, conform to citation, having compeared, and being
accused that he, usurping authority and command over the
common beggars, they resorted to him from all parts to this
parish, to the planting of many beggars of other parishes to
have their abiding here within this congregation ; who denied
the same simpliciter, and is ordained to compear the next

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 271
Monday for farther trial to be taken thereanent. February 5 —
Compeared the foresaid Patrick Crombie, and being examined
anent his foresaid usurpation, denied the same simpliciter, yet
was verified by honest reporters the great resort of common
beggars to the Muirton to him. The (Kirk) Session ordain
request to be made to the Laird of Muirton to remove the said
Patrick furtii of his ground, and that he have no residence
within this parish.
Sleeping in the Church. — June 24, 1616. John Tenenden,
(Kirk-Session) officer, is ordered to have his red staff in the
kirk on the Sabbath-days, therewith to waken sleepers, and to
remove greeting bairns furth of the kirk.
Bishop Cowper's Successor. — October 1, 1616. Forasmeikle
as Mr John Malcolm, Minister, declared that Tuesday instant,
immediately after the preaching, was appointed by the (Town)
Council to convene in the council-house with the (Kirk) Session,
and to intercommune anent the accepting or refusing of Mr
John Guthry to be Minister at Perth in place of the Bishop
of GaUoway ; and in respect that the Council convened not,
the Minister protests as effeirs. October 3 — The Minister and
Elders being convened this day, declared that they are ready
to give answer for their part to the Bishop of St Andrews
anent Mr John Guthry, recommended to be Minister here in
place of the Bishop of Galloway ; and that the (Town) Council
were not convened for that effect, and protested as effeirs.
A Ferocious Executioner. — August 25, 1617. Forasmeikle
as delation being made of James Stewart, hangman, his ¦ricious
life, and of the cruelty and oppression used by him against
poor weak persons : therefore it is ordained, that the same be
intimated to the (Town) Council that they and the (Kirk)
Session may take order thereanent.
An Obstinate Town- Council. — Septemher 5, 1616. Mr
John Malcolm, Minister, exponed to the Session that he has
been overburdened with the haiU care of the ministry at this
burgh,* and that in respect of the want of his health he may
¦* Bishop Cowper had left Perth about ten months previous to superintend
the Diocese of Galloway, and to officiate as Dean of the Chapel- Royal of
Holyroodhouse at Edinburgh. Mr John Malcolm was at the above date
considerably advanced in years, and felt severely the want of a colleague. It

272 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
not sustain the haUl care thereof any longer, and therefore
wiUed certain of the Elders to pass to the (Town) Council the
next Monday to declare the same, and that he craves an helper;
as also to shew to them that wrong is done to him to stay his
assignation and letters, wherethrough he is hindered of the
payment of his stipend assigned to him out of the Carse ; and
likewise to shew them that it is necessary that the old Acts
made anent the causing of the people of this congregation (to)
resort to the sermons on the week days be put to execution.
And for this effect Patrick Grant, Andrew Brown, chirurgeon,
Thomas Leish, Andrew Brown, merchant, and Robert Cock,
are appointed commissioners to pass to the (Town) Council on
Monday next, and to report their answer back again ; and
likewise to inquire (of) the Council to whom the manse, glebe,
and yards, now shall appertain, which the Bishop of Galloway
possessed. Septemher 9 — The persons Elders forsaids, ap
pointed to declare to the Council their commission forsaid,
declared that the Council convened not this Monday, are
ordained to pass to the Council and receive their answer anent
the aforesaid commission. September 12 — Mr John Malcolm,
Minister, declared that the Council purposely convened not,
to the end that he might be deferred of receiving answers of
certain articles given to certain of the Elders to propone to
them, in respect that Monday last was appointed, and no
convention (meeting), next Tuesday, and no convention, yet
ordains the said Elders to speak (to) the Bailies to warn the
Council to convene to the former effect, otherwise protested
that if they would not convene, and give answers thereto
according to the verity, that he (Mr John Malcolm) might
mend it as he might,* and the Elders to bear witness of his
proceedings. Septetnber 19 — Mr John Malcolm, Minister,
proponed that he craved an answer of the Council proponed
appears that the Town-Council were in no great haste to secure the services
of Mr John Guthry. In 1614 a letter was laid before the Town-Council from
Archbishop Spottiswoode for " choosing a Minister in place of the Bishop of
GaUoway." Mr John Guthry was ordained as coUeague to Mr John Malcolm
on the 20th of February 1617, and his name first occurs in the Kirk-Session
Register as present on Monday the 24 th. In 1621 he was removed to
Edinburgh, and in 1623 consecrated Bishop of Moray.
* Adopt such measures as he considered necessary for his own interest.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER, 273
by him to them on Tuesday last either by word or writ, and
desired the Elders that were appointed of before commissioners
in this matter to require the answers, September 30 — Mr
John Malcolm protested that no condign answers were given
to him by the Council of his reasonable articles for remeid
as effeirs, October 1 — Forasmeikle as Mr John Malcolm,
Minister, declared that Tuesday instant, immediately after the
preaching, was appointed by the Council to convene in the
CouncU-House with the Session, and to intercommune anent
the accepting or refusing of Mr John Guthry to be Minister
at Perth in place of the Bishop of Galloway, and in respect
that the Council convened not, the Minister protested as effeirs.
October 3 — The Minister and Elders being convened this day,
declared that they are ready to give answer for their part to
the Bishop of St Andrews anent Mr John Guthry, recom
mended to be Minister here in place of the Bishop of Galloway,
and that the Council were not convened for that effect, and
protested as effeirs.*
The Kirk- Session remodeUed. — Apud Perth, Die Lunce,
penultimo Die Mensis Decembris anno 1616. f The persons
present — John (Spottiswoode) Archbishop of St Andrews,
James (Law) Archbishop of Glasgow, Alexander (Lindsay)
Bishop of Dunkeld, William (Cowper) Bishop of GaUoway,
Adam (BeUenden) Bishop of Dunblane, William Lord Crichton
of Sanquhar, and David Lord of Scone, Mr John Malcolm,
Minister at Perth, the Bailies, CouncU, Deacons of Crafts, and
Elders thereof; in the new kirk the foresaid persons were
convened the foresaid day, and made the statute following : —
Whilk day it is agreed, for the better ordering of all matters
in the Kirk and Session, that the Provost and Bailies hereafter
shall always be elected and chosen members of the Session,
and that for the present year James Anderson and Constantine
Melice be added to the present Session, and give their assist-
* The dispute between Mr John Malcolm and the Town-Council was not
adjusted some weeks afterwards.
+ This new arrangement of the Episcopal Kirk-Session of Perth seems to
have originated in the quarrel between Mr John Malcolm and the Town-
Council. 18

274 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
ance and concurrence to the Minister and rest of the Elders ; *;
as likewise that the Masters of the Hospital present and to
come shall distribute and dispense nothing without advice of
the Ministers and Magistrates, and that they make yearly
compt to them and other three or four of the most discreet of
the Council and Session that shall be named by the Ministers
and Magistrates, And the said Provost and BaiUes be joined
to the rest this present year; as also that no price be set upon
the farm bear of the Blackfriars and Charterhouse lands to
the occupiers thereof, without the special advice of the Council
be had thereto. Subscribed — John Davidson.!
An Offender on the Repentance Stool. — February 9, 1617.
Whilk day compeared Alexander Shand upon the pubhc stool
of repentance, and there declared his repentance for resetting
Robert Shand his brother and an adulterous woman in his
house, where they made residence certain days ; and also for
his loud talking with his associates the time of the Minister's
teaching, whereby the Minister was interrupted.
Immor cdity. — February 10, 1617. Compeared the said
John Mar, and of new again being apposed (ordered) to declare
the truth touching the said slander proven as said is, and
humbled on his knees, and instructed to pray for that effect,
yet he denied it as of before, and swore by the Eternal God
* The parties added to the Kirk -Session ex officio were — David Lord
Scone, Provost, Alexander Peebles, Charles RoUock or Rollo, John Anderson,
and William Williamson, Bailies, and James Anderson and Constantine
Melice. Mr Scott says — " It was certainly much more reputable to be present
as members of the Session than as humble officials."
+ A preliminary conference had been held, and in the Town-Council Records
is an entry, in 1616, of the " compearance of the Bishops of Dunkeld,
Galloway, and Orkney, and production by them of a missive from the
Archbishop of St Andrews to the Council for putting two honest men in leet
for supplying the Bishop of Galloway's place." On the 26th of May that
year a letter was read from the Archbishop of St Andrews, requesting the
To'wn-Council to meet him, which was followed by a " nomination of James
Adamson and others to meet the Archbishop, an " order as to action about
teinds, and to write to the Bishop of GaUoway ; " a " nomination of commission
to the Convention at Perth;" production of missive from his Majesty as to
calling a General Assembly for the suppression of Popery and advancement
of religion;" and on the 16th and 30th of September is an order to return
a sum of money to the wife of Malcolm Hall at the request of the Bishop
of Galloway.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 275
that he never had to do with the said Catherine (Laurieston.)
She, in like manner, being humbled on her knees, and taught
to follow the Minister in praying to confess the truth, thereby
to glorify God and to disappoint Satan, yet she abode constant
at her formal denial. The Session, in respect of the said
constant bruit (report) of the said slander betwixt the said
John Mar and Catherine Laurieston, and probation had against
them, have ordained the said John to be warded in the Tol
booth, and the said Catherine in the (Halkerston's) Tower,
induring the Session's will, if thereby they may be brought to
a confession of the truth touching the said slander, whereof
by all appearance they are guilty, and will not confess it.*
Repair of the Steeple. — February 20, 1617. The Session
has appointed David Sibbald to be Master of Work to the
reparation of the decayed parts of the steeple, and to receive
furth of an chest, containing the Hospital writts, the sum of
L.20 (Scots) left over the last collection lifted for reparation
of the kirk, and help to repair the said steeple with.
An enfeebled Precentor. — March 3, 1617. The Session
thinks it very expedient that the (Town) Council and they
concur for providing of an musician for taking up ofthe Psalms
in the kirk, and for teaching of an music school. March 24
— Forasmeikle as Mr Thomas Gar vie, musician, this long time
bygone has not been apt nor habiU to discharge his office in
the kirk at preaching and prayers, whose place Mr Henry
Adamson has suppUed, and is very well thought of by the
Session, they request him to continue therein till farther
dehberation be taken thereanent. f
* Mr Scott observes on this case — " Catherine Laurieston, a married person,
had parted with a child of which she said to the persons present that John
Mar was the father ; afterwards she retracted what she had then said, and
there was some reason to believe that he had given her L.5 (Scots) to buy a
plaid in order to prevail with her to pass from her accusation. After being
long in the Tower, and frequently brought before the Session, she at last
accused him judicially. He continued to deny with many horrible oaths, and
without his making a confession there could be no clear proof of guilt betwixt
them. He was commanded to be fed while in prison with bread and water
only, and at last, on the 21st of July, he compeared before the Session
acknowledging his guilt, and engaged to satisfy as an adulterer.
f This Henry Adamson, who acted as precentor or leader of the psalmody
in the parish church, was the author of the Metrical History of Perth. On

276 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
Sunday Begging prohibited. — March 31, 1617. Forasmeikle
as the Session, being informed that an multitude of poor folks,
of whom some are that get weekly alms, convene and stand
in the Kirkgate and other kirk vennels on the Sabbath-days
afore noon, begging alms of the people repairing to prayers
and preaching, to the great hindrance of the collection of alms
at the kirk doors; for avoiding of the like abuse in time
coming, the Session ordains that the poor who get weekly
alms desist from being in the Kirkgate, and there to await
and beg alms on the Sabbath-days; and if they do in the
contrary, to be discharged of their ordinary alms : And siclike
ordain that Jamie Parliehown* remove the remanent beggars
out of the Kirkgate and kirk vennels.
Stone Seat for Scolders. — April 7, 1617. Ordains an chair
of stone to be bigged in an public part by the Masters of the
Hospital, for setting of flyters and slanderers therein, and the
same to be paid (out) of the first casualties (which) occur.
Enforcement of Sunday Decorum. — April 21, 1617, Ordains
admonition to be made the next Sabbath, that none of this
congregation pass to the Well of Huntingtower f on the Sabbath
days, and likewise that no dancing be under stairs on the
Sabbath nights.
No Absence from Preaching. — June 2, 1617. Forasmeikle
as delation being made to the Session that sundry taverners
the 19th of May the Town-Council agreed to appoint Henrj' Adamson to be
precentor, and on the 26th of that month the Kirk-Session allowed the annual
salary of two hundred merks out of the funds of the Hospital.
* Sic in MS.
t The Well of Huntingtower, formerly Ruthven Castle, in which occurred
the famous Baid of Buthven, when the Earls of Gowrie and Mar, Lord
Lindsay, and the Master of Glammis, seized the person of James VL, was in
the adjoining parish of Tibbermore, in the eastern part, and in the immediate
neighbourhood of Perth. This Well, or Hole of Ruthven, as it was called, was
one of several wells of local note, which were the resort of numbers especially
at the commencement of May. It is stated that the " civil and ecclesiastical
records of that city testify that this well was long the source of great annoyance
both to Magistrates and Ministers. Its virtues were so famous, that neither
the authority of the one, nor the admonitions of the other, although most
rigorously applied, could deter the citizens from frequently trying their
efficacy. The name of the place still remains, but the well has long since
lost not only its fame, but its existence."— New Statistical Account of Scot
land—Perthshire, p. 1029.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER, 277
allow their servants to remain at home from the sermons on
the Sabbath-days to sell ale and wine the time of the sermons,
howbeit the masters of the families be present at the preaching;
therefore ordains intimation to be made pubUcly the next
Sabbath of the Act anent the solemn keeping of the Sabbaths,
and that the same will be put to execution against the
contraveners in time coming. Husband and Wife — Compeared
Mary Kay, and was admonished to behave herself towards her
goodman as becomes.

THE PERTH GENERAL ASSEMBLY.
1618.
The King granted his licence authorising the General
Assembly on the 10th of July, and on the 3d of August the
Archbishops, Bishops, Ministers, and others, were summoned
to attend by proclamation at the Cross of Edinburgh. As the
proceedings of this General Assembly are prominently noticed
by all the Scottish historians, it is unnecessary to enter into
minute details in the present narrative. On the 25th of
August the Assembly was opened at Perth, Lords Binning,
Scone, and Carnegie, appearing as the King's Commissioners,
attended by the Earl of Lothian, Lords Ochiltree, Boyd,
Crichton of Sanquhar, Sir Gideon Murray the Depute-
Treasurer, Sir William Oliphant, Lord Advocate, and a
number of gentlemen as assessors. The only Bishops absent
were those of Argyll and The Isles, and Calderwood asserts
that those Dioceses, as also those of Caithness and Orkney,
sent no " commissioners," or representatives. In accordance
with an intimation given in St John's Church on the previous
Sunday, the first day of the meeting was observed as a fast,
and two sermons were preached, the one in the morning by
Bishop Forbes of Aberdeen from Ezra vii, 23; the other in
the forenoon by Archbishop Spottiswoode from 1 Cor. xi. 16,
which occupied two hours in the delivery, and was afterwards
printed, probably by the authority of the Archbishop, by
Bishop Lindsay of Brechin in his account of the proceedings

278 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
of the Assembly. Calderwood states that the argument
maintained by Bishop Forbes was, that " nothing should be
done nor determined in the Church by any superior power
whatever but that which is according to the commandment
of the Almighty King;" and that the Archbishop defended
ceremonies in general, and the Five Articles in particular,
though he solemnly declared that they were sent to him
without his knowledge, and that they were not intended to
be proposed to the Church, but to be inserted among the
Canons then in preparation. This account, of the Archbishop's
sermon is very correct, as appears from a perusal of it as
published by Bishop Lindsay, and the whole is a learned,
eloquent, and masterly composition. It is founded on the text
already cited — " But if any man seem to be contentious, we
have no such custom, neither the churches of God;" and the
Primate opens with a general discussion on religious ceremonies
to be observed in the Church, " My Lords and Brethren,"
he began, " the business for which we meet here is known
to you all, namely, to take resolution in these Articles, which
we are required to admit in our Church by that power unto
which we be all subject," He then elucidates the Five Articles,
deducing the judgment of what he calls the " best Reformed
Churches touching Articles ; " and denies most explicitly that
they " come by the suggestion of some of the English Church,
or of ourselves at home," referring in proof to the King's
declaration in the chapel of St Andrews in 1617, wherein he
stated that " neither the desire -he had for conforming his
Churches (of England and Scotland), nor the solicitation of
any person, but his zeal for God, and a certain knowledge that
he could not answer it in that great day if he should neglect
his duty." In a subsequent part of his discourse the Arch
bishop says—" I, therefore, in the presence of Almighty God
and of this honourable Assembly, solemnly protest that without
my knowledge, against my desire, and when I least expected,
these Articles were sent unto me not to be proponed to the
Church, but to be inserted among the Canons thereof, which
then were ingathering ; touching which point I humbly excused
myself, that I could not insert among the Canons that which
was not first advised by the Church, and desired they might

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER, 279
be referred to another consideration," The Primate adds —
" So as I spake before, I would, if it had been in my power,
most willingly have declined the receiving of these Articles ;
not that I did esteem them either unlavriul or inconvenient, for
I am so far persuaded of the contrary as I can be of any thing,
but I foresaw the contradiction which would be made, and the
business we should faU into. Therefore let no man deceive
himself. These things proceed from his Majesty, and are his
own motions, not any other's." He concluded by reminding
the Assembly — " The kingdom of God consists not in them (the
Five Articles), but in righteousness, and peace, and joy in the
Holy Ghost. Away with fruitless and contentious disputings.
Remember the work we are sent for is to build the Church of
God, and not to destroy it; to call men to faith and repentance;
to stir them up to the works of true piety and love, and not to
make them think they have rehgion enough when they have
talked against Bishops and ceremonies."
The business of the Assembly now commenced. A long
table was placed in St John's Church, with seats for the
Bishops, Noblemen, and other members, and at the head of it
a cross table, with chairs for the King's Commissioner and
the Moderator. Archbishop Spottiswoode took the chair as
Moderator, and when a feeble attempt was made to urge an
election by a Mr George Grier, Minister of Haddington, the
Archbishop replied that the Assembly was convened within
the limits of his own Diocese, and he would allow no one to
occupy his place. The King's letter was then presented by
Dr Young, Dean of Winchester, by birth a Scotsman, It
began with a statement that he had at one time fully resolved
not to allow any more General Assemblies for " ordering
things concerning the pohcy of the Church," on account of
the conduct exhibited in the former Assembly at St Andrews,
It is a docmnent of considerable length, arguing the whole
matter, and abounding with expostulations. Archbishop
Spottiswoode then rose, and after stating that the Five Articles
now to be submitted were not his suggestion, for he considered
them inexpedient at the time, yet he knew the anxiety of the
King on the subject, and warned them of the consequences
both to the Church generally, and to themselves individually,

280 THE BOOK OF PERTH,
if the Articles were refused, " I know," he observed, " that
when some of you are banished, and others deprived, you will
blame us, and call us persecutors; but we ¦will lay all the
burden upon the King, and if you call him a persecutor, aU
the world wiU stand up against you," The Archbishop then
asked the Dean of Winchester if he had any incUnation or
authority to make known his sentiments. The Dean addressed
the Assembly in a long speech, complimenting the King on
his intentions, and exhorting them to conformity. After the
Dean concluded his speech, some objections about the mode
of voting and other minor details were repelled by the Arch
bishop. The Primate then nominated a large number of the
Nobihty and Gentry, all the Bishops, and thirty-seven Doctors
and Ministers, who were to form a " Privy Conference," and
who met in the afternoon to discuss the Five Articles.
On the foUowing day the Assembly met at eight in the
morning, and the Five Articles were again debated. Another
meeting was held in the afternoon. On the morning of the
ensuing day Bishop Cowper preached a sermon on Rom, xiv.
19, after which was the last sitting. Archbishop Spottiswoode
now urged the Assembly to conform. He refuted sundry
scandals and misrepresentations which had been industriously
circulated by malicious persons, and declared his conviction
that " there was neither man nor woman, rich nor poor, in
Scotland, some few precise persons excepted, who were not
only content, but also wished the order of Kneeling (at the
Communion) to be received, of which he had good proof and
experience in his own city of St Andrews, and in this town of
Perth since he had come hither." The Archbishop then men
tioned the circumstance of a pamphlet having been found in the
pulpit at Edinburgh, charging the Bishops with attempting
to introduce the Roman Catholic religion; but in reply he
maintained that " ceremonies make not separation bet^wixt us
and the Roman Church, but their idolatry, which if the
Romanists would forsake, they would meet them midway and
join with them." Before the calling of the roU the King's letter
was again read. The Presbyterian party attemjDted to limit
the right of voting purposely to exclude certain persons ; but
Archbishop Spottiswoode would not allow this proposal, and

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 281
declared that " if all Scotland were there present they should
vote." The vote was then taken, and the Five Articles were
ratified by a great majority. After some routine business the
Assembly was dissolved. On the 21st of October the Articles
were sanctioned by an Act of the Privy Council ; and the
King's proclamation to that effect was published at the Cross
of Edinburgh on the 26th.
The Five Articles of Perth were, as already stated — 1.
Kneeling when receiving the Holy Communion ; 2. The
administration of the Holy Communion to the sick, dying, or
infirm persons in their houses in cases of urgent necessity ;
3. The administration of Baptism in private, under similar
circumstances ; 4. The Confirmation of the young by the
Bishop of the Diocese ; 5. The observance of the five great
commemorations of the Christian Church — the " Birth, Pas
sion, Resurrection, Ascension, and sending down of the Holy
Ghost." The second is expressed in the same words as the
first of the two Articles admitted by the General Assembly
held at St Andrews in the previous year respecting the private
administration of the Communion, with merely a few verbal
alterations, and the number of persons to be present and
communicate was limited to three or four instead of six. The
Five Articles were ordered to be read and enforced in aU the
parish churches throughout the kingdom, and proclamations
were published enjoining obedience and conformity at the
market-crosses of aU the principal to^wns. Yet such was the
opposition of some of the Presbyterian party to these primitive
and cathoUc commemorations of the great events connected
with human redemption, that the order was in many cases
disregarded, which caused considerable distractions, especiaUy
in Edinburgh.
Mr Scott states as his opinion that " the Presbyterian party
would have willingly accepted some of the Articles on con
dition of being relieved of the rest ; " * but he does not specify
those of them which they would have sanctioned. The only
one of them which the less rigid of the Presbyterian ministers
in Scotland since the Revolution in 1688 adopt is the adminis-
" Kirk-Session Registers of Perth, MS. vol. i.

282 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
tration of Baptism in private houses, whether the infants are in
UI health or not ; and this was probably forced upon them by
necessity. As to the others, it is well known that many
Presbyterians in Scotland are convinced that there is something
harsh and deficient in their system, which denies the adminis
tration of the Communion, even in their own way, to the sick,
the dying, and the aged, in private houses.* The majority
may probably stiU object to kneeling at the administration of
the Communion, inasmuch as they wUl not allow kneeling at
pubhc prayers. Many of them also have no objections to the
rite of Confirmation in itself, and not a few now think that
the five great commemorations of the Church ought to be
observed. In short, a very different feeling pervades Scotland
on many of those matters, which even those who adhere to
the Covenanting fanaticism cannot deny. Intercourse with
England, a better system of education, and other causes,
might be assigned for the softening of the old religious and
bigoted prejudices.
It was not to be expected that the Five Articles would be
admitted everywhere ¦without opposition, yet on the whole
they were received in many places if not with approbation at
least ¦with tacit consent. Much ia those cases depended on
the degree of personal respect in which the Minister of each
particular parish was held by the people. Mr Scott informs
us of the manner of their reception at Perth, which corrobo
rates the statement of Archbishop Spottiswoode in the General
Assembly. A meeting of the Kirk-Session was held on the
5th of March 1619, present Mr John Guthrie and Mr John
Malcolm, Ministers : — " Proposition being made, if they (the
Kirk-Session) will agree and consent that the Lord's Supper
be celebrated in the burgh conform to the prescription of the
Act of the General Assembly made thereanent last holden at
* Mr Seott in his MS. observations on the Kirk-Session Records of Perth,
commenting on the Five Articles of Perth, says — " With regard to private
Commumon, I have heard of a late instance of its being given by a Minister
of our (Presbyterian) Church in the south part of Scotland. The Presbytery
to which he belongs have not inflicted any censure upon him, nor does it
seem to be the resolution of the Church judicatories iu general to take any
notice of it."

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 283
Perth or not, viz. that the Ministers give the wine and bread
with their own hands to the communicants, and that they
(the communicants) be humbled on their knees, and reverently
receive it ; and, being voted, all agreed in one that the cele
bration thereof be made according to the said Act." " The
order of the (administration) of the Communion," observes Mr
Scott on this extract from the Kirk-Session Register, " seems
to have been as foUows : — The tables were placed in the choir
or east part of the church. The communicants were to enter
in the morning by the south door, where, to add to the
solemnity, and to do honour to the occasion, several of the
Magistrates and others were to stand in due form with their
Elders. The communicants were there to give their tokens
(or tickets of admission) along with their alms, and then to
pass either directly to the tables, or to seats in the choir
allotted for them. Such as were not to communicate, at_least
on the first day of the Communion, were to enter the church
by the north door, and were there to give their alms. After
the consecration of the elements the Minister, foUowed by the
bearers of the bread and wine, was to go through the tables,
giving, as he went along, the elements ¦with his own hands to
each of the communicants kneeling; after which they who
had communicated would depart from the table, and be
succeeded by such as were next to communicate." Mr Scott
refers to the conduct of many persons in Edinburgh about
kneeling at the tables. " Even some of the Ministers," he
observes, " did not at first conform, but administered the
Sacrament to the people sitting. There was, however, no
such opposition, at least from the Kirk-Session at Perth." *
Calderwood says of Bishop Cowper, in reference to the
sermon he preached during the sitting of the General Assembly
at Perth, that " he set at nought the ancient (Presbyterian)
order of the Kirk sometime highly commended by himself,
and extolUng his own new light, presumed to catechize those
who might have catechized him." This is expressed by
Calderwood in his usual strain of party malevolence. "As
* Observations on the Kirk-Session Records of Perth, vol. i. MS. in Advocates'
Library, Edinburgh.

284 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
the Five Articles," says Mr Scott, " were the subjects of much
controversy, and as the arguments against them are frequently
to be met with in the histories of that period, it will be doing
justice to the ancient Kirk-Session and people of Perth to take
notice of what was then said on behalf of those Articles, and
which determined many good men to submit to the observation
of them."
Bishop Cowper's sentiments are here presented to the reader,
as they are not generaUy known even in Scotland. They are
worthy of perusal as Ulustrating the feehngs of the time on
the subjects he discusses. His observations are entitled —
" The Bishop of Galloway's Answers to such as desire a re
solution of their scruples against the Acts of the last Assembly
holden at Perth in the month of August 1618 — Mercy, grace,
and peace, be unto all them that love the Lord Jesus,"
" We are commanded by St Peter to give a reason of the
faith which is in us, and so will I, No good Christian differs
one from another in any article of faith, for our Behef (the
Creed) is a short compend of the Scripture; and I have
preached all the Articles thereof; I believe all. As for Papists,
where they differ from us, see what I have professed in my
writings published in print, and I am resolved to die in the
same miud. What that is they may perceive by the ' Seven
Days' Conference betwixt a Catholic Christian and a Catholic
Roman, and by the Threefold Treatise upon the eighth chapter
to the Romans." Bishop Cowper refers to others of his printed
works for his opinions, and proceeds — " As for these needless
controversies that make divers voices among us, I say some
are conscientious with little knowledge ; these I love. Others
are contentious with less knowledge; these I pity, willing
them always to remember that to them who are contentious
and obey not the truth, unrighteousness shall bring indignation
and wrath, Rom. U. 8 ; yet I wish to them mercy, and light
to iUuminate their minds.
" Of Days. — In my mind no King on earth, no Church,
may make an holy day ; only the Lord who made the day
hath that prerogative, and He hath sanctified the seventh day.
Yet either a Christian king, or a Church, may separate a day
by preaching, and that either ordinary, as we have Tuesday,

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 285
or extraordinary,, for fasting and humihation ; or for solemn
joy and thanksgiving. This is and hath been ever the lawful
practice of our Church, and continual, who at such times hath
commanded cessation from ordinary trades both before and
after noon, that so the people might frequent the assembly.
I hope (there is) no other purpose by our prince's proclamation,
whereat so many are offended ; and if any cause of offence
be, it is to be amended with humble supplication, not with
rebellious contradiction.
" Brightman on the 11th of the Revelation* records that
the day whereon Queen Elizabeth came to the crown after
the Marian persecutions was observed with an anniversary or
yearly sermon, even by those who in that country are enemies
to Episcopal government, of which number himself is one. So
we have preaching and public rejoicing (on) the fifth days of
August and November ¦]¦ for that double deliverance of our
gracious Sovereign, whom may the Lord long continue a
comfort to his Church. And I am sure we have greater cause
to rejoice at the remembrance of Christ's Nativity, albeit
Herod and Herodian in upper Jerusalem were against it, when
angels, heavenly soldiers, and saints redeemed, where singing
in Bethlehem, Glory be to God in heaven, and peace to men
on earth ! I will rather sing with the one than startle without
cause with the other.
" 0 ! but this is not the day of His nativity. I answer,
Let it be so. It is not the day but the benefit we remember,
which no good Christian ¦will deny should be done. Sure it
is He was born, died upon Good Friday, and the third day
He rose ; the fortieth day thereafter He ascended ; ten days
after His ascension He sent the Holy Ghost, which from His
resurrection is the fiftieth day, called. Acts ii. 2. the Pentecost.
AU this is according to the articles of our faith expressly set
down in Scripture, and why, then, do men make such scruple
* Thomas Brightman, an English Puritan, bom at Nottingham in 15S7,
and died in 1607, was the author of several works published after his death.
The one to which Bishop Cowper refers is his " Analysis et Scholia in
Apocalypsin." f The latter is the well known Gunpowder Plot Day. The former com
memorated the Gowrie Conspiracy, which was ordered to be kept, and was
observed during the reign of James.

286 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
to remember our Lord's Nativity on such a day as Christian
Catholics in aU ages have remembered ?
" But here they say, We remember His nativity every day.
I answer, This is like that presumption of the young man who
spake to Christ in the Gospel — 'AU these,' saith he, ' I have
done from my youth.' He spake out of ignorance, affirming
he had done the thing he did not. And so do they. I appeal
to their own consciences how many days of the year will pass
wherein they do not so much as think of His nativity ? But
if it were as they say that they remember His nativity every
day, why make they it strange to remember it on this day
also? " Yet, say they. Ye remember it this day more than another !
I answer. And why not ? Every good Christian hath his own
days chosen by himself, some for fasting, some for thanksgiving
for particular benefits. What a private Christian may lawfully
do, ye make it unlawful for a Christian Church do do, espe
cially where we go in the communion of saints with all the
Reformed Churches in Europe. In France, in the Protestant
Church, their most notable preachers give the communion on
that day, as did also the Primitive Churches throughout the
world, as testifieth St Augustine in his Epistles 118th and
119th. So did our own Scottish Church also for eight
hundred years, before it was polluted with Papistry, as I have
proved in my fore-named Conference, whoso likes to read it.
" But, say they. We have no commandment in the Word
to do it. I answer. Let them distinguish betwixt that which
is substantial and real in reUgion, and that which is circum
stantial and ritual. A point substantial must have an express
warrant in the Word commanding it ; for that which is
circumstantial, it is sufficient if it be not against the Word, it
being left to be ordained by ecclesiastical authority. As, for
example, to preach in season and out of season is a substantial
point; for it we have an express command in the Word.
What day of the week ordinary preaching should be beside
the Sabbath, that is circumstantial, and left to the decision of
the Church, who by the same authority that they may ordain
preaching (on) such a day of the week, may also ordain
preaching such of the month in a year.' Again, he that sins

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER, 287
openly shall be openly rebuked. This is substantial in religion,
and we have an express command for it. But to set him on
a pillar three days, or more, or fewer, is circumstantial, such
as our Church without doing wrong to the Word of God hath
determined, I acknowledge it to be a good order, and will
any of these men condemn it because it is not an express
command in the Word ? Marriage is honourable among all
men, (and) for man and woman to join without marriage is
fornication. This is substantial, and hath the warrant of the
Word, But that first they must be three days publicly
proclaimed, is circumstantial, done by the Church for good
order, which I acknowledge sufficient, because it is not against
the Word,
" Yule Day, say they, was cast out of our Church. I
answer, What they call Yule Day I know not; but a day
reputed for the day of Christ's nati'rity, and observed for the
remembrance thereof, that I know. I find no ecclesiastical
law standing in all our books of Assembly to the contrary.
But if it have been cast out, yet a thing not against the Word
of God upon good considerations may be brought in again,
albeit it had been left out. Instances of this I might bring
from the Church of Geneva; one I bring from our own.
Since baptism not upon a preaching day was cast out by act
and practice, and yet is now received again, why may not
preaching of Christ's Nativity, Passion, Resurrection, Ascension,
and sending ofthe Holy Ghost, or such days, be received again,
albeit it had been cast out ?
" We were weU, they say before ; and what needs this
innovation? I answer. Conformity ¦with the ancient and
recent Reformed Churches require it, except we will be singu
lar. Besides this, the question here is betwixt a prince and
his people. They vrill be nourished in the humours, not
remembering that a Christian prince is also to be regarded,
who finds himself bound in conscience to see duties in rehgion
performed. What is evil in their eyes seemeth good in his.
And here the debate faUing betwixt their ¦wUl and his about a
matter not against the Word of God, let any unprejudiced
man give a sentence who should be followed.
" Of a Baptism to be administered in due time and place. —

288 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
Now for Baptism, our commission is to baptize without
limitation either of time or place, decency alway both for time
and place being observed. So far as may be, where the
public order of the Church is not contemned. Baptism should
not be refused. It is not, they will say, necessary to salvation.
I grant that I abhor the blind and merciless sentence of
Papists, that infants dying without baptism go to any house
of hell. But although it were not necessary to the child's
salvation, who will deny that it is necessary, at least a probable
help of the parent's faith ? For our Lord hath not ordained
it in vain. Where, then, a Christian parent desires it to his
child, either upon a preaching day or other day, with what
warrant a preacher can deny it I know not.
" Of Private Communion. — The same is my judgment of
Private Communion, Here are two words (which) would be
well understood. Private I call it, in respect of the public
assembly, not of a private person ; Communion it is, in respect
of many Christians partaking in it. Where a man hath been
a reverend hearer of the Word, in the public assembly, and a
reverent and careful receiver of the sacrament there, if God
suspend him by sickness from doing that duty, may we not
sit beside him and comfort him by the Word ? May we not
pray for him and for ourselves even in a private family? And
why also may we not give to him, and take to ourselves, the
seals of the covenant of mercy? The particular precepts
hereof, both for the person and place, I take not upon me to
determine, but leave it to the vrisdom of the preacher.
" Of Kneeling at the Communion. — The hardest point of
all is kneeling at the Holy Communion, which is the more
misliked because it was and yet is abused by Papists to
idolatry. That ¦rile error of transubstantiation and worship
ping of the bread my soul abhorreth it, but it is hard to
condemn a thing lawful in itself because it hath been abused.
For what is so good as hath not or may not be abused.
ShaU not St Paul bow his knees to the Father of the whole
family in heaven and earth, God the Creator, because idolators
bow their knees to the creature ? He was not so scrupulous,
" If I should condemn sitting at the table, I should do
wrong to my mother Church — the Church of Scotiand. If I

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 289
should condemn standing, 1 should do wrong to that sister
Church of France which hath stood for the truth to the blood.
If I should condemn kneeling, I should do wrong to the Church
of England, glorious with many crowns of martyrdom, and
many other Churches also. I like well that modest judgment
of Peter Martyr, who thinks any of these, sitting, standing, or
kneeling, lawful. Our Church has determined that kneeling
seems the most reverent form for receiving so great a benefit ;
and the rude gesture of many of our people in many parts of
the land requires that they should be led to a greater reverence
of that holy mystery, and taught that by humble kneeling we
shall at length be brought to a joyful sitting with Him for
ever. " But here it will be objected to me that our Lord and his
disciples sat at the table. I answer, that the Evangehst saith,
that as He sat at the table He took bread, and gave thanks.
This seemeth to note the time of the institution (to-wit, after
He had done with the natural and paschal supper), not the
gesture. For why ? St Paul, describing all that is essential
in the Sacrament, makes no mention either of sitting, standing,
or kneeling : yet he says — ' What I have received of the Lord,
that I delivered unto you.' If he received it, and delivered
it not, he was not faithful, which I abhor to think. If he
delivered it not, then surely he received it not.
" This (kneeling) is the soundest and most safe course. It
keepeth all the Reformed Churches free from doing against
the Word of God, for we must think that St Paul knew
certainly the mind of Christ. Such as are conscientious, let
them ponder this well. The contentious I am not able to
satisfy. If the expediency be set aside, and the question be
only of the lawfulness, my argument stands yet unanswered.
Whatsoever spiritual benefit I may lawfully seek on my knees
with supplication, that same I may lawfully receive on my
knees with thanksgiving. But I may lawfuUy with supplication
seek salvation by Jesus on my knees ; therefore I may la^wfuUy
receive it (the Communion) on my knees. They answer nothing
who say, I may not kneel to any idol, for to Christ I kneel,
praising Him when I receive the holy symbols, exhibiting the
instruments of his body and blood ; and it is madness either
19

290 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
to make them idols, as the Papists do, or to caU them idols,
as the malcontents do.
" I have opened my mind according to my light. To them
that ask. Where was the Ught before? my answer is. Remember
what is said of our blessed Lord, the latchet of whose shoes I
am not worthy to loose — ' He increased in wisdom,' Luke ii. 52.
Shall it then be an imputation to his sUly, weak, unworthy,
and infirm servants, that they increase in wisdom and grow
in knowledge as they are commanded ? Such as are conten
tious I leave tumbling in the tumultuous thoughts of their
perturbed minds, raging like the waves of the sea, foaming,
and casting out their ovm dirt and shame. For me, I rest in
the peace of my God through Jesus Christ, which, blessed be
God, I enjoy, A sore famine of the Word of God is at hand,
for the loathing of manna, and murmuring against Moses and
Aaron. There may be bread, but God wiU break the staff of
it. Preaching of the Word in many parts, but without Ufe or
power. Prattlers and lying libellers. Papists, or Atheists, I
commend them to the mercy of God, that they may be brought
to repentance. Let them read these words of our Saviour —
Matt, vii. 6 — ' Give not that which is holy unto dogs, neither
cast ye your pearls before swine.' Be not of that number, if
ye mind to enter into the heavenly Jerusalem. I will have
nothing spoken here extended to peaceable and truly religious
Christians, of which number God hath a flourishing church
both in this town (Edinburgh) and in other parts of the land.
The Lord increase them ! The Lord grant peace to his o^wn
Jerusalem, and have mercy upon us, that we may prevent
these and other imminent judgments upon great and small by
unfeigned repentance ! "
Mr Scott observes on the preceding passages that Bishop
Cowper " has said what may shew us that he and others were
not rashly to be condemned who submitted to the Five Acts
of the Perth Assembly, — With regard to the confirmation of
children. Bishop Cowper in his defence takes no notice of it ;
and indeed it was unnecessary to say any thing in its defence,
considering the inoffensive manner in which it had been ex
pressed in the Act of Assembly," * The preceding extracts,
* Observations on Extracts from the Kirk-Session Records of Perth, M S.
Advocates' Library, Edinburgh.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 291
though not unobjectionable in a few passages, are chiefly
interesting as being part of the discourse which he preached
in the Chapel-Royal of Holyroodhouse on the first Christmas
Day after the meeting of the Perth General Assembly. Calder
wood says — " Mr William Cowper preached upon Christmas
Day in the Abbey kirk. Many resorted to him out of curio
sity, because he promised to give them resolution that day for
observing of hohdays. He was so impertinent and frivolous
in his arguments that he was mocked," The reader will now
perceive the audacity of this Presbyterian writer's assertion
that the exceUent Bishop of Galloway's " arguments" were
" impertinent and frivolous."
The General Assembly at Perth was attended by the after
wards noted Alexander Henderson as a " commissioner" for
the Presbytery of St Andrews. He had been previously
attached to the Episcopal Church, but he had now allied
himself to the Presbyterian party. The Presbyterians allege
that he was converted to their cause by hearing a sermon from
Mr Robert Bruce of Kinnaird, a man of great abilities, who
had long been a violent opponent of King James, and re
peatedly dictated to his Sovereign in such an arbitrary and
offensive manner that it was at length found necessary, in
1621, to commit him to Edinburgh Castle for a few months ;
and he was afterwards banished to Inverness, where he con
tinued till the death of the King in 1625.* It was on a
sacramental " occasion," in a parish " somewhat distant from
Leuchars," when Henderson heard Bruce preach the sermon
which is said to have converted him to Presbyterianism ; but
it is well known that his introduction to Leuchars parish was
most unpopular. It is admitted that he was irritated by the
neglect of Archbishop Spottiswoode, who after he became
Primate had not thought himself bound to pay the future
champion of the Solemn League and Covenant any particular
attention, " Gladstanes' death, in June 1615," says Henderson's
biographer, " removed from his mind any personal feeling of
* This banishment to a particular and distinct town, far from friends and
acquaintances, was no slight punishment in those days of bad roads, no
conveyances, and no post-offices, while corresponding by letter was difficult
and even dangerous.

292 THE BOOK OF PERTH,
restraint which gratitude to his patron might have engendered ;
and the studied indifference with which Spottiswoode treated the
son and protegee's of his predecessor could not fail to wound
their pride, and disappoint their prospects."* This is a most
important admission, and considerably militates against the
conscientious motives of Henderson, Yet he was not altogether
neglected, for one of the very last acts of the Perth Assembly
was to sanction the removal of " Mr William Scott and Mr
Alexander Henderson" to Edinburgh; and though Calderwood
alleges that " the Bishops meant no such thing in earnest,"
merely because the appointment did not then happen, Dr
Alton confesses that " there is not even the slightest hint as
to what actuaUy was the cause why Scott and Henderson were
not translated at this time, but it is probable that the choice
merely was made, and that Spottiswoode refused to concur,"
In the Records of the Synod of Fife, 6th April 1619, the
following notice occurs — " Mr Alexander Henderson has not
given the Communion according to the prescribed order, not
of contempt, as he deponed solemnly, but because he is not
fully persuaded of the lawfulness thereof. He is exhorted to
obedience and conformity." Henderson and two of his friends
pubUshed a pamphlet by subscription, entitled the " Perth
Assembly," in which they attempted to show that the Five
Articles were inconsistent with Scripture, and that the Assembly
was iUegally constituted and conducted. After this, tiU about
1630, he appears to have resided quietly in his parish of
Leuchars. In 1620 Archbishop Spottiswoode pubUshed in
London the only work he is known to have printed in his Ufe
time — a small historical treatise in Latin entitled — " Refutatio
LibeUi de Regimine Ecclesise Scoticanse," dedicated to the
Prince of Wales, afterwards Charles I., and signed Jo. Fani
Andre .E Archiepiscopus. It is an answer to a tract of
Calderwood, who rephed in 1621 in a scurrUous production
which he designated — " Vindicias ejusdem Epistolas contra
Calumnias Johannis Spotsvodi Fani Andrese Psuedo- Archi -
episcopi," and was afterwards subjoined to his " Altare
Damascenum." Bishop Lindsay of Brechin pubhshed in
* Life and Times of Alexander Henderson, by John Alton, D. D., Minister
of Dolphington, p. 92.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 293
1621 his " True Narration of the Proceedings in the General
Assembly of the Church of Scotland holden at Perth 25th
August 1618, ¦with a Just Defence of the Articles therein
concluded against a Seditious Pamphlet" — -referring to Calder-
wood's tract. It was printed in London by " William Stansby,
for Ralph Rounthwait, dwelling at the signe of the Golden
Lion in Paul's Church-yard," and is dedicated to the "Reverend
and Godly Brethren the Pastors and Ministers of the Church
of Scotland." The Bishop of Brechin's " Narration" caused
the reply written in Latin by Calderwood, under the name of
Edwardus Didoclavius, entitled " Altare Damascenum," of
which a translation was published, with the title — " The Altar
of Damascus, or the Pattern of the English Hierarchy and
Church Policy obtruded upon the Church of Scotland," which
also appeared in 1621, and was considered by his party to
be unanswerable. The original Latin edition was published in
Holland. King James, according to Presbyterian authority,
was much annoyed by the pubUcation of Calderwood's work.
He was found very melancholy one day by an EngUsh Bishop,
and when asked the cause, he repUed that he had just read
the " Altar of Damascus." The Bishop desired the King not
to vex himself about the book, for it would be answered.
" Answer that, man ! " James is made to say : " How can ye ?
There is nothing in it but Scripture, reason, and the Fathers."
Such is the anecdote, and whether true or false, certain it is
that every argument in Calderwood's production has been a
thousand times answered and refuted.
This General Assembly at Perth in 1618 was the last held
in Scotland till the memorable one at Glasgow in 1638.

CONTINUATION OF THE EPISCOPAL KIRK-SESSION REGISTER.
Indecent Conduct on the Street. — May 10, 1619. James
Wright, grave-maker, being accused for his indecent behaviour
on the causeway with women in struggling with them, per
ceived by Mr John Malcolm, Minister, dilator thereof, excused
himself that he did (it) as beside himself through drink,
declared his repentance therefor, and acts himself not to do the
like hereafter under the pain of punishment.

294 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
Strangers in the Kirk-Session. — October 18, 1619. Foras
meikle as certain persons heretofore have taken such boldness
as to come in to the (Kirk) Session (meeting) without leave
asked and given, and at their coming have given occasion of
offence to the Session : therefore it is statute and ordained,
that none be admitted to have place in the Session until they
first make them advertisement by the Kirk officers.
Rioting. — February 6, 1620. Forasmeikle as dilation being
made that Alexander Wilson and Patrick Souter, in Muirton,*
used great insolency, the last in the night-time, in troubling
and molesting of honest men's bairns and servants, and in
ringing of the common bell about eleven hours at even; and
the officer having passed to warn them to compear before the
(Kirk) Session this day to sustain censure for their insolence,
could not apprehend them; therefore ordains a letter of request
to be directed to Patrick Eviot, of Muirton, their master, to
present them the morrow.
Abduction. — February 14:, 1620. The (Kirk) Session think
it expedient to advise with the Presbytery on Wednesday
next what order shall be taken anent the ravishing of
Elizabeth (or Elspit) Henderson concerning the Kirk's part.
February 16 — An heavy request was made to the Moderator
and brethren of the Presbytery, in that William Stewart,
lawful son to WiUiam Stewart of Kinnaird, within the
Presbytery of Dunkeld, has, upon the 10th of February
instant, under silence and cloud of night, violently ravished
and taken away Elizabeth Henryson, daughter to umquhile
Andrew Henryson of Lawton, from her mother's house in the
South Gate (Street) of the burgh of Perth, being assisted by
divers of his accomplices all in armour ; the said reverend
Father (Alexander Lindsay, Bishop of Dunkeld, Moderator)
and brethren, considering the great slander that has arisen
upon this barbarous fact foresaid, and how evil a preparative
it may be, unless censure proceed against the offenders;
finally, having regard to the Act of General Assembly holden
at Edinburgh in the month of March 1570, ordaining such
persons to be dealt against by the censurers of the Kirk to
¦» The farm lying immediately north of the North Inch between the road to
Dunkeld and the Tay.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 295
excommunication ; ordained summons literatorie to be directed
against the offender foresaid, charging him to compear before
them the next day of meeting to answer for his said offence,
and to hear and see himself decerned to satisfy for removing
thereof, with certification, in case he compear not, that they
wUl hold him pro confesso, and proceed. The kirk-officer of
the parish of Dunkeld, in which parish the said William
Stewart lived, personally apprehended him, and gave him the
first summons ; an authentic copy of the second summons was
given by the officer to William Stewart, elder (senior), the said
WUliam's father ; and last of all, the officer having passed to
the town (farm) of Middle Kinnaird, where WilUam Stewart
had his residence, and having found none to whom he might
deliver the summons, affixed an authentic copy on the most
patent door of the house, after that he had knocked nine
several knocks. The reverend Father and brethren, finding
that he continued in his disobedience, ordained the censures
of the Church to proceed against him. They appointed the
admonitions previous to excommunication to be given (to) him
in the kirk of Dunkeld ratione rei, and in the kirk of Perth
ratione delicti, and that solemn prayers should be joined with
the admonitions, that God might bring him to the knowledge
of his sin and repentance. No obedience followed after the first
admonition; after the second, compeared before the reverend
Father and brethren Hugh Campbell of Seatt, who delivered
a letter addressed to them from William Stewart, wherein he
represented that seeing he lay under danger of his Majesty's
laws, and of the party whom he had offended, whereby he
could not safely repair for giving satisfaction to the Church,
therefore he craved that no farther process should be against
him. The reverend Father and brethren having considered
that if it be of verity which the said Hugh Campbell had
reported, that WUliam Stewart had obtained the goodwill and
assent of Elizabeth Henderson, then the said William had not
now such a mighty excuse as he pretended, seeing the fault
was not capital, but penal, subjecting him only to an arbitrary
punishment ; also, that though it were capital, he without any
peril might send back Elizabeth Henryson, and thereby give
some declaration of remorse for his offence, which if he did

296 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
not, they perceive nothing in him but a purpose to elude the
discipline of the Church, in the same manner as he had already,
and did still contemn the laws of his country. Therefore they
declared to the said Hugh Campbell, that unless the said
William should repone the said Elizabeth in her mother's
house, and thereby shew some beginning of obedience, they
still would proceed against him as disobedient to the voice of
the Church, which they desired the said Hugh would intimate
to him ; finally, they ordained that the third admonition should
be given (to) him. After the third public admonition, the
reverend Father and brethren having found that after so many
admonitions no obedience was yielded by the said William,
but that he still continued in his offence, cohabiting with the
ravished woman, and detesting the voice of tbe Church, to the
dishonour of God and evil example of others, declared the said
William worthy to be proceeded against with the sentence of
excommunication. For that effect they ordained the process
to be extracted and sent to my Lord Archbishop of St
Andrews, that his approbation might be had thereunto. In the
mean time, propter majorem abundantiam, they ordained the
Ministers of Perth to continue the next Sabbath in prayers
to God that the said William might be brought to the
acknowledgment of his offence, and that if it were possible
the heavy sentence might be prevented. On the 12th of April
1620, Mr John Guthry reported that he had corrected and
sent the process deduced against WilUam Stewart to my Lord
Archbishop of St Andrews, who had received the same, and
sent his approbation in the end thereof in the manner
following : — " This process being formally deduced in all the
parts thereof, I agree that the sentence be pronounced of
excommunication against the party, in respect of his contumacy.
Dairsie, 10th April 1620, sic subscribitur, St Andrews."
The same day Mr John Malcolm reported that on Sunday last
he gave a public admonition to WiUiam Stewart, and made
prayers for him, propter majorem abundantiam, this being
the fourth time. The Moderator pro tempore, Mr John
Guthry and the brethren ordained Mr John Malcolm to
pronounce the sentence of excommunication against the said
William Stewart on Sunday next before noon, in the parish

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 297
kirk of Perth for his contumacy. Accordingly, on the 3d of
May 1620, Mr John Malcolm reported that upon Sunday the
16th day of April he had pronounced the sentence of excom
munication against William Stewart, which sentence being
approven of by all the brethren, was ordained to be intimated
on Sunday next from all the pulpits in the Presbytery of
Perth.* Female Lunatic. — May 25, 1620. Mr John Malcolm present
only, declared that he is greatly troubled and disquieted in
his mind and conscience for fear that Satan prevail so far
with Margaret Alexander, now deprived of (her) right wits,
that she perish in the water (the river Tay), as she has
attempted several times to have done ; and she being one of
their congregation, and sometime had in good account, that
it would be a great sin and shame to this town if they took
not convenient order with her to disappoint Satan's working
in her so far as they might : whereupon it was concluded by
the (Kirk) Session and so many of the (Town) Council as were
present, that she should be put in the (Halkerston's) Tower,
and there kept close, and nourished on bread and small drink
only ane certain space, tiU God of his mercy restore her to
(her) right wits; and ordains Patrick Pitcairn to furnish the
same upon the (Kirk) Session's expenses, which he promised
to do.
Indecent Conduct on the Sunday Evening. — June 12, 1620.
Whilk day Thomas Crombie, BaUie, presented AlexanderWilson,
in Muirton, who is accused for his great insolency and mis
behaviour, in that he upon a Sabbath-day at night betwixt
ten and eleven hours pressed to misuse Giles Lowry in her
returning from convoying Thomas Leisk's wife home to her
house, terrifying Robert Robertson's daughter, struggling with
Matthew Cheap's servant in the kirk-yard, and that, having
entered the kirk, he rang the common bells, thereby setting
the haill town under fear either of fire or sword. His offence
* Mr Scott observes in his MS. notes — " WiUiam Stewart was not relaxed
tiU September 10, 1621, after he had finished before the congregation of Perth
his declarations of unfeigned repentance." On the 15th and 22d of February
1620, several persons were summoned before the Kirk-Session for "aiding and
abetting" this abduction.

298 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
being so great, he is committed until the morrow, that after
the sermon both the (Town) CouncU and (Kirk) Session
deliberate upon his punishment. June 13 — WhUk day the said
AlexanderWilson was brought furth of ward, and was presented
before (the Town) CouncU and (Kirk) Session, and there they
ordained him to be detained in ward untU Saturday next,
when he shall be set upon the cockstool in the juggs, and his
faults written in great letters and set upon his breast, and
there to stand by the space of three hours,
Gossipping. — July 17, 1620. The (Kirk) Session being
informed that some honest men's wives haunt to the house of
Margaret Sadler at certain times to waste and spend at wine,
she is admonished not to receive such women in her house
to that (purpose) in time coming, and acts herself not to
contravene under such pains as the (Kirk) Session will inflict
upon her.
Witchcrctft and Housebreaking. — December 18, 1620. The
(Town) Council and (Kirk) Session to convene the morrow
after the preaching, to take order with James Stewart in ward,
suspected of witchcraft and charming. Also to resolve what
course to follow against James Robertson and his colleagues
for the invasion made against William Powery and his house
at midnight the last Saturday,
Insulting in the Church. — January 1, 1621. Forasmeikle
as George Dickson, merchant, having complained verbaUy to
the (Kirk) Session that he was abused by Francis Scott,
Thomson, aUas called Billiecald, and certain others
their sociates, young professed knaves, by casting of their
bonnets at him in the kirk this instant day; therefore the
(Kirk) Session ordains that they should be apprehended and
punished for their offence. January 2 — Whilk day the afore
named Thomson being apprehended and presented
before the (Kirk) Session for his insolency aforesaid, (is to be)
taken to the Grammar School, and there scourged with St
Bartholomew's Taws (!) for his offence, and promises not to
commit the like hereafter.
Night -Walking and Drunkenness. — January 9, 1621.
Compeared John Lamb, who being accused for his night-
walking and drunkenness afore written, answered — He did

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER, 299
it (only) upon (that) occasion, and that he never did the Uke
of (it) before. It was repUed that he has been noted divers
times before (as) very loose in his conversation ; he is admo
nished to amend, and to take heed to his ways in time coming,
which he promised to do.
Inundation of the Tay at Perth. — October 16, 1621, The
(Town) Council and (Kirk) Session being convened, have
ordained a voluntary contribution to be uplifted of the haill
inhabitants, for declaration of their great thankfulness to God
for their deliverance from the fearful inundation of waters,
threatening destruction both of the town and inhabitants, to
be applied to the support of the poor ; whereof the manner
foUoweth : — In remembrance of God's Visitation of Perth.
It is to be noted and put in register in this Book, the great
and miraculous deliverance that the Lord gave to this burgh
of Perth, of a fearful inundation of waters, compassing the
same in all parts, so that thereby the brig of Tay was hailly
dung (thrown) down, except only one bow (arch) thereof
standing. None could get furth of it, nor yet come within
it, to make any relief thereto. The manner of the rising of
the water was this. The rain began on Friday the 12th of
October, about ten hours of the day. It continued that day
and Saturday, and in the night, unlocked for, the water rose
so high that all those that dwelt outwith the Castle Gavel
Port in laigh houses, the water increased so that they behoved
to go to high houses for preservation of their lives ; and being
in high houses, the water rose to the loftings in the highest
mid house in the Castle Gavel before six hours on Sunday in
the morning. And the wind and wet continuing, the water
came to Gilbert Henderson's yett (gate) in the Castle Gavel,
and to Margaret Monipennie's yett in the Fish Mercat, and
to Donald Johnstone's yett in the High Gate, to the Meal
Vennel in the South Gate, and the water ran like mill clousses
at the yetts of divers parts on the north side of the High Gate.
A great tempestuous wind at the east blew all this time. The
water also came above Henry Sharp's shop in the Speygate.
The like fearful inundation of waters was never seen at Perth
in no living man's remembrance, which put the people in
such fear that they looked for nothing but to have been de-

300 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
stroyed. Whereupon Mr John Malcolm, Minister, powerfully
endued with God's Spirit, caused ring the preaching bell on
Sunday at seven hours in the moming, and the haill inha
bitants came to the kirk. And there he exhorted them to
repent for (of) their sins, which had provoked the said judg
ment of God to come upon the city ; assuring them that if
they were truly penitent therefor, and would avow to God
to amend their lives in time coming, God would avert His
judgment, and give them deliverance. Whose powerful exhor
tations moved the people to cry to God with tears, clamours,
and cries, and to hold up their hands to God (that they would)
amend their lives, and every one of them to abstain from
their domestic sins. The like humihation both of men and
women has not been seen within Perth before. Fasting,
preaching, and prayers, continued aU that week. Our pastor
with great magnanimity insisted in exhorting the people to
true repentance and amendment of their lives. The waters
began somewhat to decrease after noon on Sunday; but after
daylight passed there arose a greater tempest of wind and
rain than at any time before, which so affrighted the people
that night, that they looked for nothing but (that) the waters
should have arisen to greater height nor (than) they were
before. Notwithstanding thereof, miraculously, through the
mercy of God, by (beyond) aU men's expectation, the waters
greatly in the meantime decreased, which in the morning
moved the people in the kirk and all other places to give most
hearty thanks to God for his mercy towards them. Mr John
Malcolm, Minister, proved the part of a faithful pastor to his
flock, with great godly courage and magnanimity to comfort
them with the mercy of God. Great plenty of corns in all
parts, both stacks and stouks, being on haughs and valley
ground, were carried away by the waters, and divers ships by
tempest perished, and horse, nott (cattle), kye, and sheep
drowned. November 13 — The (Town) Council and (Kirk)
Session ordain Charles RoUock, Baihe, keeper of the collected
money, to give thereof to Henry Moss, boatman, a double
angel, in recompence of his jeopardies, pains, and travels, in
saring many persons from perishing by the late inundation of
waters outwith the Castle Gavel Port by means of his boat,

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 301
transporting them therewith from their houses full of water
into the town.
Vagrants. — November 27, 1621. The (Town) Council and
(Kirk) Session being convened in the revestry, Adam Paterson
complained upon certain coddrochs (vagrants) in Dionysius
Conqueror, notar, his close (alley), who dwell in laigh cellars
wanting chimneys, wherethro' he and his family are not only
abused with the smoke and reek ascending up through the
liftings of the house, but also are in perils and put in hazard
of the burning of their land (tenement), and besides, that he
(Adam Paterson) reports that men at very suspicious times
resort even in the night to certain of the coddrochs, and that
they are resetters of that which unfaithful servants steal furth
of their masters' houses. Whereupon the Council and Session
think it very expedient that, conform to an Act made before,
the said coddrochs be removed, and that the said Dionysius
be ordained to remove them, and not to set (let) his houses
to any that will kindle an ingle therein that want chimneys.
And ordains that the said Dionysius and coddrochs be warned
the next Monday to hear them discharged.
An unmarried Woman. — December 3, 1621. Forasmeikle as
dilation being made that Janet Watson holds an house by
herself, where she may give occasion of slander ; therefore
Patrick Pitcairn, Elder, is ordained to admonish her in the
(Kirk) Session's name either to marry, or then pass to service,
otherwise that she will not be suffered to dweU by herself.
Scolding in the Church. — January 24, 1622. Compeared
Violet Gardner, who being accused for profaning the Lord's
sanctuary in flyting ¦with Janet White immediately after their
private prayers, she answered that the said Janet had abused
her with vUe words, and that she forbore the said Janet,
They are continued till Monday next, and are ordained to be
warned to that day.
A termagant Wife. — April 9, 1622. Whilk day John
Fleming, BaUie, resolving with the (Kirk) Session what form
of punishment shall be enjoined to the aforenamed John Keir's
wife for putting violent hands on him, and for wounding him
in the head with a pair of taings (tongs) ; it is concluded that
she, on the next mercat day, pass barefooted, holding up the

302 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
same taings in her right hand above her head through the
streets of the town.
A suspected Witch. — April 16, 1623. Margaret Horms-
cleuch, suspected of sorcery, being warned to compear this
day before the (Kirk) Session, and not compearing, is ordained
therefore to be warded. May 5 — Compeared Margaret
Hormscleuch, who being accused if Robert Christie's daughter
at the Mill of Huntingtower came to her with meal and beef
to seek help to their cow, she denied. Also being asked if
she heard that certain years syne (since) Patrick Raton's wife
her cow's milk was taken from her by sorcery, which also she
denied. Thirdly, being asked if a poor woman that lodged
with her a certain space sought health to her sick bairn for
God's cause, she confessed that she answered — " Let them
give her health that took it from her bairn." She is committed
to ward in the (Halkerston's) Tower till she be tried anent
sorcery, whereof she is holden to be greatly suspected. May 8
— The (Kirk) Session conclude that ane post be directed to
my Lord Chancellor, with the clerk's letter, to purchase a
commission for holding of an inquest and assize upon Margaret
Hormscleuch, indicted for witchcraft. May 27 — Whilk day,
in presence of the (Kirk) Session and of Andrew Anderson,
Baihe, Margaret Hormscleuch detained in ward, and delated
ane witch, convened before them. She of her own free motion
and will disponed to Mr Archibald Steedman, barber and kirk
officer, ane cow pertaining to her under the herding and
keeping of Chrystie, her son-in-law, since she was warded,
declaring that during that time she has been entertained by
Mr Archibald Steedman; in contentation to him thereof she
dispones to him the said cow, and wills and ordains him
to intromit therewith, sell, use, and dispone thereupon for
payment to him of his bypast furnishing, and for the farther
furnishing to be made by him to her during her warding, and
requests the said Baihe to interpone his authority for said Mr
Archibald to get intromission with the said cow, to the effect
foresaid. June 2 — Compeared Henry Balneaves, alleging
that Margaret Hormscleuch rests (owes) to him of bypast
meaU (house-rent) L.IO (Scots), and offered the cow to Mr
Archibald for payment thereof, which he refused to accept,

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER. 303
and desires the said Henry to satisfy him of the furnishing
made by him to the said Margaret, and to furnish her in time
coming, and to bruik the cow, which the said Henry refused
to do, but is content to satisfy him for his bypast furnishing,
and to meet thereupon after the prayers this night.
Witches. — June 3, 1623. Compeared George Wilson, and
deponit (paid) the eight merks which he was ordained to pay
for his exemption from warding and the Cross-head ; whereof
Mr John Robertson took twelve shiUings (Is, sterling), which
he had disbursed in the affairs of the (Kirk) Session ; and the
remainder thereof, together with twenty-two shillings (Is. lOd.
sterling) taken furth of the thesaury, and fifty-two shillings
(4s. 4d. sterling) received from John Fleming, was sent with
George Robertson, post, together with the depositions of the
witches, for purchasing an commission to put the witches to
an inquest. And for procuring thereof he is ordained to direct
ane missive to Andrew Conqueror, Commissioner for the town,
and another to Charles RoUock, Baihe, who are both presently
in Edinburgh, and ane letter to Mr John Guthry, Minister,
that they all three may concur together for obtaining the said
commission. A Quarrel. — July 3, 1623. Compeared Thomas Wilson,
and is accused for dispersoning of Mr Henry Adamson, Reader,
in saying — " That if he were not in the place ofa Reader he
would throw (pull or twist) his nose," ¦with other contemptible
speeches. The said Thomas replied, that the said Mr Henry
began fitrst to blaspheme (insult) him, and to call him —
" Deboished dyvour," which he would take in hand to prove
by Walter Balneaves and John Blossom. The (Kirk) Session
think it expedient that the parties be reconciled ; and because
that the said Thomas' offence is thought to be the greatest,
the (Kirk) Session ordain the said Thomas to crave the said
Mr Henry pardon, which he did, and they took (each) other
by the hand.
Consulting with Witches. — July 24, 1623. Conform to
citation compeared Janet Barry, and is accused for consulta
tion with witches, in seeking health at (from) them, as at
(from) the devil and his instruments, to her bairn. She denies
that she knew these women to be witches of whom she sought

304 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
health to her bairn; yet acknowledging her offence against
God and this congregation in craving the advice of these
women,* and foUowing thereof, she unfeignedly repents her
therefor, and submits herself in the (Kirk) Session's will.
The (Kirk) Session continues tiU Monday next to deliberate
in the said matter, and the said Janet is cited apud acta,
then to compear. July 28 — The (Kirk) Session continues
the censure of the aforenamed Janet Barry till Thursday
next, that in the meantime they may have the advice of the
Presbytery, to deliberate anent her foresaid offence. July 31
— Which day (the Town) Council and (Kirk) Session being
convened in the revestry, compeared Janet Barry afore named,
who for her consultation with witches, in seeking help and
health at them to her bairn, plainly confessed by her and
the witches, is ordained to stand in white sheets under the
bell-string (rope) the next Sabbath before noon, there to confess
her said offence, and to declare her repentance for the same,
and also ordain her to pay before Sunday next twenty merks
to the use of the poor. August 1 — Whilk day the (Kirk)
Session for certain good motives and considerations moving
them, continue (delay) the compearance of the said Janet the
time and place appointed, until order be taken with remanent
persons consulters ; and have received the twenty merks,
whereof six were given to Mr Archibald (Steedman) in part
payment of what was disbursed by him for (Margaret) Horms
cleuch — the rest was put in the Thesaury.
August 11, 1623. Compeared Janet Jackson, and is accused
for consulting with witches, and following their advice for
health to her bairn, in that she employed umquhil Isabel
Haldane to go sUent (secretly) to the Well of Ruthven, and
silent back again with water to wash her bairn. The said
Janet confesses that the said Isabel brought the water, and
washed the bairn therewith, and that the said Isabel did it
unemployed by her ; and also that she put her bairn through
ane cake made of nine carnes (pickles) of meal gotten from
women married maidens, and that it is an common practice
¦* Mr Scott observes that the witches had been executed before the above
date. He adds, that the usual place for the incremation of witches is said to
have been a hollow in the North Inch.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER, 305
used for curing bairns of the cake mark. She is ordained to
compear the next Thursday, to sustain censure anent the
premisses. Compeared Duncan Tawis, and his wife, and are
accused of passing to Black Ruthven to Janet (a) witch, to
seek help to their bairn ; they confessed their going there,
but that they knew not she was a witch, but that the bruit
went that she could help bairns who had gotten ane dint of ill
wind. They are ordained to compear at the next warning.
Compeared Grizzel Espline, and is accused for seeking help at
Margaret Hormscleuch for remeid of her disease, which she
could not deny; continued her censure thereanent till farther
advertisement and compearance,
August 19, 1623. — Conform to citation compeared John
Bog, and is accused of not resorting to God's service on the
Sabbath-days : Answered thereto, that when he may (can) come
he does it, but by occasion of his sickness is lettit (prevented)
divers times, as (his) neighbours know. Secondly, is accused
for not communicating at the Lord's table with the rest of
this congregation. Answered, that he did communicate yearly
thereat, except the last time of the celebration thereof; that
he in the meantime was deadly sick. Thirdly, is accused upon
ane great slander risen of him, that his purse being stolen
from him, he used devilish means to get inteUigence thereof,
the time of the last tempestuous winds which did great hurt
to the fruits of the earth. Answering thereto, he sat down
on his knees, and with shedding of tears abundantly purged
himself thereanent, saying that it was true that he wanted his
money, which was stolen forth of his kist (chest) by thieves —
that he purged his wife, daughter, and son-in-law thereanent,
and besought God" to strike him instantly to death if ever he
used any such indirect methods to get knowledge of his money,
but that he wants it as yet ; whereupon the Session, till
farther trial anent the premisses, remits him.
Poison. — April 27, 1624. Conform to citation compeared
Janet Sharp, and is accused of giving a drink of . . . leaves
to umquhile Thomas Finlayson her son, and which hastened
him to his death. Answered, that it was his own will to have
it, and before that he drank thereof she drank of it; and
because it is a poisonous herb, and that it is not leesom to
20

306 THE BOOK OF PERTH,
any except physicians and skiUed men to compose drinks of
herbs, therefore, and to the effect that the like be not used
in this congregation in time coming, she is ordained to draw
up in the kirk the next Sabbath in time of the afternoon's
sermon, and there in presence of the congregation confess her
said fault, and publicly declare her repentance therefor, to the
terror of others to commit the like within this congregation,
under the pain of severe censure (to any one) who contravenes.
May 3 — The Session ordain that intimation be made publicly
the next Sabbath that none of this congregation give drinks
of , , , leaves, or of other herbs, to such persons, but phy
sicians and men of skiU, under such pains as the Session
pleases to enjoin against the contraveners. Compeared the
said Janet Sharp, guilty of the said fact of giving ane drink
of the said leaves, and besought the Session to dispense
with her thereanent, because she knew not if it might do any
hurt to the drinker, but rather good, and that it has been
commonly used within this burgh many years heretofore, and
that she never used it but once, and will never meddle with
the like hereafter; and that in respect thereof, and that it
was never publicly prohibited, it would please the Session
not to make an pubhc spectacle of her, but that they would
accept from her ane penalty to the use of the poor according
to her ability. The Session being ripely advised hereanent,
dispense with their former Act made against her, and, being
humbled on her knees, declared her repentance for her said
fault, and act her never to do the like hereafter : and ordain
her to pay forty shillings (Scots), immediately to be given
to Margaret Cook for furnishing made by her to umquhile
Dionysius Duncan.
Drunkenness. — June 7, 1624. Compeared Alexander
Cairncross, who being accused for being in company with
drunken men, and he himself also appearing drunk, and yet
could not be satiate, but openly on the cawsey drank divers
pints, of ale, and in end fell in tuUzeing; the said Alexander
alleged that he was sober, but these in his company were
overcome vrith drink and fallen in strife, and he was a ridder
and intervener between them that not one of them should
hurt another. He is admonished to fear God and use sobriety.

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER, 307
Witchcraft. — April 26, 1626.* Whilk day it was reported
to the Prebytery by the Ministers of Perth, that Bessie Wright
in the parish of Scone, who long has been suspected of
witchcraft in curing of sick folks, who was also bound and
acted not to frequent the burgh of Perth, nor to use farther
her cures, as the Act in the Books of (the) Presbytery the last
day of July 1611 years at more length bears ; notwithstanding
(she) has contravened the foresaid Act in curing of sick folk,
and frequenting the said burgh, to the great offence of many.
The Presbytery ordain her to be cited, and examined according
to the foresaid Act. May 3 — Whilk day Bessie Wright, being
caUed, lawful time of day bidden, conform to her citation,
compeared not. Ordain her to get the second summons. May
10 — Whilk day compeared Bessie Wright in (of) the parish
of Scone, and being asked of her skill in curing diseased
persons, answered — That she had a book whereout she had
her skUl, which was her father's, her good-sire's, and grand-
sire's, and as she alleged, was a thousand years old, which
her son Adam Bell read to her, which book also she declared
was taken from her by Mr WUliam Cowper, Minister of Perth,
or Archibald Steedman, beadle for the time. The Moderator
and Brethren ordain that if she be deprehended in using any
cure she shall be incarcerate; likewise that the Ministers of
Perth shall make intimation on the Sabbath foUowing, that
because the said Bessie is under suspicion of witchcraft in
curing of diseased persons by unlawful means, that none
resort to her for any cure under the pain of the censures of
the Kirk. May 27 — Mr John Malcolm, Minister at Perth,
reported that he had made intimation anent Bessie Wright on
Sunday last before noon, that none resort to her for cure.f
* Mr Seott states in his MS. observations that from the 17th of October
1624, which concludes the seventh volume of the Kirk-Session Register of
Perth, to the beginuing of January 1631, that Register is lost, and that he
has endeavoured to supply the deficiency by such transcripts from the Presby
tery Register as relate to the affairs of the Kirk-Session of Perth. These,
however, are for the most part of no importance whatever.
+ Bessie Wright, who seems to have been a very harmless and useful person,
was repeatedly brought before the Presbytery after the above date. She was
imprisoned, and ordered to appear before WiUiam seventh Earl of Menteith,
Lord Justice-General. Her fate is not known.

308 THE BOOK OF PERTH,
Child exposed. — June 26, 1627, Whilk day compeared
Janet Smith in (of) the parish of (Inverkeithing), born in the
North Ferry in Fife, who being accused of deserting and
casting away her chUd, answered — she was moved so to do
because the infant was not baptized; confessed also that the
child was to one Alexander Lindsay, a beggar, now a suddart
(soldier), and that she was delivered in a town above Pitten-
ween called Newbigging, twelve .weeks since or thereby : The
Moderator (Bishop of Dunkeld) and Brethren ordain the
Ministers of Perth to take her repentance, and to baptize the
child, being presented by some faithful Christian ; thereafter
the chUd to be dehvered to the mother,
A Frolic. — March 3, 1631. Whilk day compeared Isabell
Hunter, lamentably declaring that upon the 1st of March
instant, at ten hours at even, David Duff came in to their
house, and passed with a hghted candle to the chamber where
her husband lies, and looked in his face, saying to him —
" That the picture of death was in his face, and that if he
Uved three Sundays hereafter he would live three hundred
years," Whereat she being offended that he should give her
husband such dull comfort, said to him — " David, are ye a
witch, that ye can discern upon life and death, and (the) time
thereof?" He most slanderously answered — " You and your
mother have witched him to be pining in his bed tiU he die,"
with sundry other speeches both against her husband, herself,
and mother, and against John Conqueror and his spouse,
using great perturbation in the house, and would not pass
forth thereof until he was put forth by violence. And after
he was put forth, and the yett (gate) steiked (shut), he would
not refrain from speaking most slanderous speeches against us ;
and so the said David had committed both oppression and
the highest degree of slander against them, beseeching the
Session to take condign order with him thereanent. The said
David, conform to warning, compeared, and being examined
upon the points above written, confessed certain thereof, alleging
that he being overcome with drink at the time, knows not
what he spoke, Matthew Lamb and John Conqueror, younger,
being examined, proved the premisses, whereupon the Session
find that the said David has committed notable offences

THE KIRK-SESSION REGISTER, 309
against the said David Jackson and his spouse, and ordain Mr
Robert Mitchell, BaUie, here .present, to put the said David in
ward, therein to remain until he pay a penalty conformable to
his offences — the one half to be applied to the use of the
Session to distribute to the poor, and the other half to the
Bailie's use, which he promised to do.
Lykewakes. — 31ay 6, 1631, Forasmeikle as the (Kirk)
Session, being informed of great profanities that customary
are used at lykewakes by certain profane persons that purposely
resort thereto for that effect, and that they use to come at
midnight to honest men's houses when they are upon rest,
and knock at their yetts (gates), declaring that certain special
friends belonging to them have taken a sudden sickness tending
to death, putting these persons at whose yetts they report
these things under great fear, and causing them in a suddenty
to rise furth of their beds to the visitation of those reported to
be in the said sudden sickness, and find it but done in derision
of mockery, tending to the offence of God and honest neigh
bours. For restraining of such profanity in time coming, the
Session have ordained that the (Town) Council convene with
them the next session day, to settle an Ordinance anent sobriety
and godly exercises to be used at lykewakes, and that profane
persons be not admitted thereto in any time thereafter.
A Female in disguise. — April 16, 1632. Conform to citation
compeared Janet Gibson, a servant lass, and is accused of
indecent wantonness in putting on men's clothes upon her.
She answered that she simply drew upon her a pair of breeks
(breeches), and cast them immediately, (and) she promises
never to do the like hereafter. She is committed to ward,
therein to remain the space of three hours,
A Man in Woman's clothes. — December 17, 1632, Report
being made to the Session that Burnet in the New Row
disguised himself in woman's clothes, and went through
the town in great profanity the last Sabbath at night, he is
ordained to be warned to compear before the Session the
morrow to be censured for the same.
Charming. — December 30, 1634. Conform to citation com
peared Robert Thomson, maltman, and it is shewn (to) him
that delation is made to the Session that a bairn of his was

310 THE BOOK OF PERTH.
taken to the MiU of Balhousie and put in(to) the flapper thereof
and the miU set on, to be charmed, which is a lesson of Satan,
and express against God's command. He answered that he
knew not thereof untU the bairn returned. Bemg such an
odious offence, the Session take to be advised with the Presby
tery the morrow how the same shaU be punished.

Here we conclude the Extracts from Mr Scott's industrious
transcript ofthe Register ofthe Kirk-Session of Perth, the then
" police court," which continued Episcopal till after the Glasgow
General Assembly of 1638. In 1639, it became Covenanting
Presbyterian, and committed many acts of tyranny towards
the RoyaUsts, or " Malignants," and others, till Cromwell
subjugated Scotland in 1650, after the battle of Dunbar, and
this " vicious intromitter," as he was wittily designated on
one occasion at Perth, preserved the public liberty by miUtary
rule. From the Restoration of Charles II, in 1660 to the
Revolution of 1688, the Perth Kirk-Session was again Epis
copal, after which the Presbyterian Establishment supplanted
its foe, and the Kirk-Session has existed to the present time —
an umbra nominis — equaUy powerless for evil or for good —
without influence and authority except for its local purposes,
or as voluntarily recognized by those who adhere to the
system of which it is the most inferior component, and
confining itself to such harmless dehberations, that its meetings
in any parish of Scotland are utterly unknown to the majority
of the people.

INDEX.

Abekebothook, Abbey of, 4, 38.
Aberdalgie, annexed parish of, 194.
Abduction, case of, 294-297.
Adamson, Henry, notice of, 137.
Murder of, 230, 231.
Adamson, John, Provincial Prior of the
Dominicans, 23, 33.
Reforms the Order, ib.
Boece's eulogium on, 23, 24.
Admonition, a matrimonial, 136.
Admonitions, public and private, 214.
Adulteress, punishment of an, 247.
Adultery — Henry Adamson and Jean
Thornton, wife of Oliver Peebles,
140; the amours of, 145-149, 151,
152, 162, 182, 188.
David Gray, 149; cruelty of, 1 54, 155;
depravity of, 156, 157; executed
for adultery, 157.
Margaret Watson, excommunicated
for, 158.
Alexander Chalmers and Marion
Webster, 171.
Patrick Gibson and Isobel Hally, 187,
188.
Andrew Abercromby and Grizel
Bisset, 190, 191.
Hugh Stewart and Elspeth Chrystie,
196, 197.
Robert Taylor and Margaret Smith,
222.
Thomas Watson and Bessy Guthry,
223.
Henry Adamson and Isabel Elder,225.
Thomas Scott and Euphemia Burns,
225.
Alleged — William Henderson and
Bessy Black, 127, 128.
Confessions of, 129, 130.
Alexanderl. , Convention of,at Scone, XX.
Alexander II. attends a General Council
of the Church at Perth, xxi.
Grants of, to Dominican Monastery,
5, 6.
Alexander III. killed, xxi.
Allan, Prior of the Carthusians, 50.
Anderson, David, Provincial Prior of
the Dominicans in Scotland, 21, 33.
Anderson, Henry, a leamed merchant
of Perth, notice of, 154.
Angus, William Earl of, 207, 214, 228.
Ann's (St) Chapel at Perth, 78.
Obits in, ib.

Ante-Nuptial Intercourse, 123, 142, 193,
197, 230.
Regulations, 136, 137.
Suspected, 177, 220.
Act against, 207.
Confession of, 208.
ArgyU, Barl of, violence of, 116.
Arrangement, a family, 169.
Bailies, duty ofthe, on Sundays, 187.
Baptism, regulations for, 155, 169.
An application for, 192.
Conditional, 214 ; a disorderly, 219.
Administration of, 287, 288.
Barclays of Kippo, notice of, 11.
Barry, Maurice, Prior of the Charter
house, 45.
Bartholomew's (St) Taws, used for
scourging offenders, 298.
Beadle, duties of a, 135.
Beadles, quarrelsome, 222.
Beggars, Highland, expulsion of, 242.
Bellman, a negUgent, 151.
Bell-Rope, the, abstracted, 186, 187.
Benedict, the difficulties of an intended,
249-252.
Bishops, Titular, in Scotland, 254.
Blasphemy, Presbyterian definition, 134.
Boyd, David, Prior of the Dominicans,
17, 18.
Brothel-keeper, a female, 166^172, 173.
Brown, George, Bishop of Dunkeld, 18.
Brown, Richard, execution of, 10.
Browns of Fordel, notice of, 18.
Bruce, King Robert, takes Perth, xxii.
Death of, xxiii.
Calderwood, unfounded attacks by, 283.
Controversy of, with Archbishop Spot
tiswoode, 292, 293.
Cameron, David, Sub-Prior of the Do
minicans, si, 33,
Carmelite or White Friars' Monastery,
charters of, 35-39; locality of, 98.
David II. confirms all donations to, 35.
James II. orders all indebted to the,
to make payment without delay, 35.
Wynde, William de, donation of, 35.
Campbell, Dougal, donation of, 36.
Campbell, Sir Duncan, donation of, 36.
Love, Andrew, donation of, 36.
Brown, Gilbert, donation of, 36.
Thomson, Christian, donation of, 36.

312

INDEX.

Carmelite or White Friars' Monastery —
Charteris, Andrew, conveyance of, 37.
Bedyston, Alexander, donation of, 37.
Tod, David, donation of, 37.
Kinglassy, John, donation of, 37, 38.
Haldane, Elizabeth, donation of, 38.
Duchal, Thomas, donation of, 38.
Esson, Robert, donation of, 88.
Reid, Finlay, donation of, 39.
Mathewson, John, donation of, 39.
Carousal, a, 268.
Carthusian Monastery of Perth, John
Knox's notion of, 52.
Part of the rental of, 53, 54.
Rhyming legend on founding of, 53.
Site of, 98.
Demolition of, 52, 108, 109.
Character of the Carthusian Monks of
Perth, 55.
Wright, Robert, donation of, 41.
Anderson, Thomas, 42, 44, 45.
Thomson, Allan, 42.
William, Abbot of Scone, 42.
Wynde, WiUiam de, 43.
Gilbert, Thomas, sale of an annual
rent to, 44.
Fotheringham, John, donation of, 45.
Scott, James, sells annual rent to, 45.
Vedor, Alexander, annual rents pay
able by, 45.
Sprunt, Sir John, donation of, 45.
Ghent, Dean William de, 45.
Cowpar, Thomas, annual payments of
rent by, 46.
Robertson, Sir Henry, donation of, 46.
Hume, William, sells an annual rent
to, 46.
Constable, Andrew, sells an annual
rent to, 46.
Cowan, Alexander, feu from, 47.
Haddington, John, declaration of pro
cess for recovery of a tenement by,
48.
Perth, donation of community of, 48.
Carwar, or Carver, Robert, binds him
self to implement conditions re
specting property, 48, 49.
Donyng, John, sells an annual rent
to, 49.
Lowrison, Robert, donation of, 49.
Heriot, Sir Robert, chaplain, 49, 50.
Buchan, Stewart Earl of, 50.
Ramsay, John, 50.
PauU, John, grant of, 50.
Drummond, James, donation of, for
seven years, 50.
Turnbull, Dean William, Procurator
ofthe Charterhouse, 50.
Rattray, John, of Leitchhill, sells pro
perty to, 50.
Aberdour, Simon, donation of, 51.
Ross, James, of Craigie, confirms the
right of a stone-quary to, 51.

Carthusian Monastery of Perth —
Ramsay, Robert, donation of, 51.
Eviot, Robert of Balhousie, sells an
annual rent to, 51.
Lovel, Sir John, chaplain, donation
of, 51.
Trippis, WUliam, grant of, to, 52.
Cromby, Christian, donation of, 52.
Oliphant Catherine, disposes of her
liferent of property to, 52.
Bunch, Alexander, borrows money
from, 52.
Catharine's (St), Chapel at Perth, 79-81.
Founder of, ib.
Catholics suspected, 124, 129.
Character, defamation of, 231, 232.
An extraordinary Certificate of, 128.
Charming, case of, 309.
Charterhouse, the only one in Scotland.
See Carthusian Monastery.
Lay Prior of, 144; alleged amour of,
213.
Charles II. crowned at Scone, xxxiv.
ChUd exposed, 308.
Children to be sUent in the parish-
church, 135.
Christmas, observance of, prohibited,201 .
Christmas Day, defence of, 285-7.
Church, sleeping in, 271.
Church, insulting in the, 298.
Scolding in the, 301.
Citation, disobedience to, punished by
imprisonment, 138.
Coddrochs, notices ofthe, 180-1, 301.
Communion, private, 288.
Kneeling at the, 282-3, 288.
Conduct, disorderly, 212,
Confessions, fi'ail, 225.
Contumacy, punishment for, 125.
Corda, Oswald de. Vicar of the Great
Charterhouse of Grenoble, firstPrior
of the Charterhouse at Perth, 54.
Corpus Christi Play and players, 124.
Festival, notice of, 124.
Coupar-Angus, Cistertian Abbey of,
notice otj 4, 15.
Cowper, Mr 'WiUiam, afterwards Bishop
of GaUoway, slanderer of, 244-7.
Services of, 269.
Leaves Perth, 270.
Successor of, 271-3.
Sermon preached by, 291.
Crichton, (icorge. Prior of the Domini
cans, 22.
Crime, prevalence of, in Scotland after
the Reformation, x. xi.
Dalrymple, Robert, Provincial Prior of
the Carmelites, 38.
David IL, proposal of, to the Three Es
tates in favour of Lionel Duke of
Clarence, rejected, xxiv.
Precept of, 7.

INDEX.

313

Davidson, John, Priorof the Carthusians,
48.
Deacons instituted at Perth, 84.
Defamation, alleged bribery for, 197.
Punishment for, 130.
Decorum, female, enforced, 194.
Delinquent, dispensation to a, 182.
Delinquents, immoral, cited, 168.
Depravity, case of, 156, 157.
Pauper, 240.
Discipline, Sunday, 131, 132.
Disguise, a female in male, 309; a man
in female, ib.
Dominican Monasteries in Scotland, 1.
Number of Provinces of, in Europe, ib.
Of Scotland originally included with
England as one Province, 1.
Prior ofthe Order resided in England,
ib.
Scottish, disjoined from England by
the influence of James 111., ib.
Annual meeting of, at Perth, 10.
Dominican Monastery at Perth, first
Provincial Prior of, 1.
Situation of, in Perth, 1.
Residence of the Scottish Kings in, 1.
Founder of, 2, 5.
Convention of the Clergy and Nobility
in church of, 2.
Distinguished pereons interred in, 2.
The King's Garden, or Gilten Arbour
in, 2, 22.
Number of Friars in, 3.
Hospitality of, ib.
Account- Book from June 1557 to
May 1559, description of, 30, 31.
Some rentals of, 31.
A chartulary of, ib.
Riot in, by some Perth citizens, 32,
Priors of, 33.
Sub-Priors of, ib.
Friars of, 34.
Privileges of, 8.
Grants to, by, 5-29,—
Alexander IL, 5, 6.
Alexander IIL, 6, 7.
Moncrief, John, of that Ilk, 7,
Bruce, King Robert, 7, 8.
David II. confirms a charter to, 8.
Logic, John de, peats from the for
feited estate of, 8.
Hay of ErroU, Sir Gilbert, donation
of, 9.
Brown, Sir John, Knight, 9.
Inchmartine, Sir John de, 10.
Lorimer, John, sells a tenement,
with an annual payment to the
Friars, 11.
Kinmonth, Elizabeth Lady, dona
tion of, 11.
Barclay, Hugh, of Kippo, 11, 12.
Robert III., 12.
Scott, Hugh, of Balwearie, 12.

Dominican Monastery at Perth —
LjTi, Thomas de, 13.
Pallour, Henry, donation of, 13.
Ogilvy, Sir Andrew, of Inchmar
tine, 13, 14.
Hay, William de. Earl of Erroll,
14, 15.
Hay, Edmund, of Leys^, 16.
Haddington, John de, 16.
Fotheringham, John, 16.
Dryden, Laurence, 16.
Purrock, Andrew, 17.
Dryden, Agnes, 17.
Mathison, Thomas, annual rent
payable by, 18.
Sandilands, Elizabeth, donation of,
18.
Pendall, Robert, andhis wife, annual
rents payable by, 19.
Buttergask, Elizabeth, 19.
Robertson, Angus, donation of, 20.
Pallour, John, annual rent payable
by, 20, 21.
Brisson, John, 21.
Robertson, Andrew, 21.
Eviot, John, of Balhousie, donation
of, 21, 22.
Lowson, John, and his wife, annual
rent payable by, 22, 23.
Ferrier, Andrew, 23.
Pullour, Janet, 23.
Huntly, Countess Dowager of, do
nation of, 23-7.
Gray, Sir Edward, of Inchyra, 27.
Cock, William, and his wife, annual
rent payable by, 27.
Rollo, orRollock,'William, donation
of, 27, 28.
Monypenny, Thomas, and his wife,
annual rent payable by, 28.
Ross, John, of Craigie, conveyance
by, 28.
Frew, Christian, annual payment
by, 28.
Murdison, Patrick, and wife, 28.
Lawson, James, and wife, 28.
Donyng, David, Master of Arts, notice
of, 17.
Dragon Hole, the, in Kinnoull Hill,
notice of, 132, 136.
Punishment for resorting to, 132-4.
Drunkards, punishment of, 241.
Drunkenness, warning against, 293, 298,
306.
Dunbar, Lady Elizabeth, Prioress of St
Leonard's Nunnery, notice of, 82.
Dunblane, Cathedral of, desecrated by
the Reformers, 115-118.
Dunfermline, Abbey of, 57, 59.
Payments to the Monks of, 60.
Dupplin, battle of, xxiii.
Easter, communicating at, 269, 270.

314

INDEX.

Ecclesiastics, Roman Catholic, anlve in
Scotland, 175.
_v. Alarm of the Presbyterians at, 175-6.
Elders, lay, instituted, 84.
Declared unscriptural, 253.
Elder, punishment for assaulting an,
137, 138.
Elders to peram.bulate the streets on
Sundays, 151.
Episcopacy, establishment of in Scotland,
254, 264, 265.
Erroll, William, first Earl of, notice of,
14, 16,
Residence of the Earls of, iu Perth, ib.
Countess of, suspected of Popery, 233.
Eviot of Balhousie, notice of, 21.
Excommunication, a female, 128.
Executioner, a ferocious, 271.
Falsehood, punishment of, 227.
Fastrday, violation of, punished, 185.
Fast for eight days enjoined, 175, 176.
Fernely, Dean Simon, Vicar of the Char
terhouse, 45; Prior of, 45, 46.
Forman, Adam, Prior of the Charter
house, 52 ; his conveyance of some
of the property, 54, 55.
Fornication, punishment of females for,
125, 144, 150.
Punishment for, 184.
Fines for, to be paid, to relieve the
poor infected with the plague, 161,
162.
False charge of, 226, 227.
Fornicators, shaver of the heads of, 162.
Punishment of, in prison, 150.
Fortune-teller, or spaewife, to be punish
ed, 187.
Fotheringham, family of, of Fordel, no
tice of, 18.
Frailty, confession of, 195.
Franciscan Monastery at Perth, locality
of, 75.
John Knox's description of, ib.
Fraser, William, Bishop of St Andrews, 6.
Friars (Black or Predicant) — See Domi
nicans.
Friars (Grey) — See Franciscan.
Friars (White) — See Carmelites.
Frolic, a street, 248 ; in a house, 308.
Gallant, adventures ofa, 159, 160.
Galloway, Mr Patrick, succeeds Mr John
Row as Minister of Perth, 136.
Marriage of, 1 52 ; insulted in St John's
Church, 154; compelled to retire
for a time to England, ib.
Gate-keeper, an incorrigible, 177, 178,
183, 186.
Imprisonment of a, for opening on
Sunday, 1 9 8 ; gate-keepers warned, ib.
Gilten Herbar, or Gilded Arbour — ^ee
Dominican Monastery.

Gladstanes, George, Archbishop of St
Andrews, 254, 261-3; death of, 269.
Glammis, Lord, refractory conduct of, 27.
Gossiping, warning against, 298.
Gowrie Conspiracy, reality of, xxxix. xl.
Gowrie-House at Perth, founder of, 61.
Graham, Sir David, of Fintry, denounced,
179, 180.
Graham, James, Prior of the Carmelites
of Perth, 88.
Gray, Elizabeth, Countess of Huntly,
burial-place of, 2,23, 24, 51.
Gray, Sir Edward, chaplain of the Chapel
of Loretto, notice of, 23.
Gray, John, lends money to the Carme
lites to repair their Monastery,
Gray, Patrick fifth Lord, proceedings
against, 27, 29, 30.
Grierson, John, Provincial Prior of the
Dominicans, 23, 28, 38.
Groether, Dean Martin de. Prior of the
Charterhouse, 45.
Guildry Book of Perth, xxxiv.
Inscription on lid of the Box of, xxxv,
Guthry, Martha, afterwards wife of Mr
PatrickGalloway, slandered, 140,152.
Guthry, Mr John, Minister of Perth,
Halidon HiU, battle of, 10.
Hangleside, Adam de, second Prior of the
Charterhouse at Perth, 42, 48, 54.
Hay, George of Nethercliff, Lay Com
mendator of the Charterhouse after
the Beformation, 55; notice of, ib.
Hay, Sir Gilbert de, account of, 9.
Henderson, Alexander, Minister of
Leuchars, conduct of, 291, 292.
Hierarchy, ancient, fall of, ix. x. 85.
Hospital of James VI. at Perth, account
of, 88-90.
Number of Charters of the Beligious
Houses presei-ved in, 91.
Hostelry, inmates of an, 233, 2B4.
House, a smoky, complaint against, 229.
Houses, disorderly, 198, 199, 221, 222,
225, 226.
Housebreaking, case of, 298.
Housekeeper, a bachelor's, banished
from Perth, 134.
Howison, Mr John, Minister at Perth,
notice of, 155.
Hugh, Prior of the Carthusians, 51, 52.
Huntingtower, WeU of, 276, 304.
Huntly, third Earl of, burial-place of, 2,
25, 51.
Countess of — See Gray.
George, sixth Earl of, denounced, 179.
Husband, an, admonished not to desert
his wife, 129; a cruel, 149; an idle,
169.
Suspicious of his wife's fidelity, 157.
Immorality, punishment of, 274, 275,

INDEX.

315

Inchaffray, Abbey of, notice of, 4.
Parish churches connected with, 4.
John, Abbot of, charters by, 4.
Incest, two females guilty of, 137.
A man punished for, 157.
Indecency,female, punished for, 142, 143.
Infants unbaptized, private interment
of, punished, 150.
Intercourse, criminal, false charge of, 181.
James L, accession of, xxix.
Parliament of, at Perth, xxx.
Founds the Charterhouse, 40, 58.
Murder of, in the Dominican Monas
tery of Perth, xxxi. 55.
Doublet of, when murdered, preserved
in the Charterhouse, 55.
James II., accession of, xxxi.
Councils of, at Perth, xxxi. xxxii.
James III., reign of, xxxii.
Letter to the Community of Perth in
reference to the Carthusians, 47, 48.
James IV., reign of, xxxii.
James V., accession of, xxxii.
Convention in the reign of, at Perth,
xxxii. xxxiii.
James VL, a coinage of, xxxiii.
Anecdote of, 298.
James' (St) Chapel at Perth, 79.
Jane, Queen of James I., interred in the
Charterhouse of Perth, 55.
John, Governor of the Charterhouse, 42.
John (Prince), son of William the Lion,
and others, drowned, 2.
John XXIL, Pope, letter of the Scottish
Barons to, 10.
John (St) the Baptist's Church at Perth,
account of, 56-60.
Original state of, 56.
Date of foundation uncertain, 56, 57.
Granted to the Benedictine Monks of
Dunfermline, 57.
Ruinous state of, 57.
Charter of King Robert Bruce in far
vour of, 57.
Edward III. erroneously aUeged to
have killed his brother the Earl of
Cornwall in, 57.
Completely repaired ia the fifteenth
century, 57.
Built at different times, 57.
Description of, 58.
Ancient bells in the steeple of, 58, 59.
Sacristy of, afterwards the Kirk-Session
house, 59.
Halkerstone Tower in, 59.
Preaching of Knox in, 59.
Granted to King James VI.'s Hospital,
6U.
Acquired by the Town-Council, 60.
Altars, in, 60-70.
Names and founders, ib.
Obits in, 72-74.

Johnstown (St) — See Perth.
Johnstown's (St) Ribbands, explana
tion of, 116.
Jugs, or brauks, notice of, 175.
Kinmonth, Elizabeth Lady, notice of,
11.
Kinnoull Hill, near Perth, 134, 178.
Kirk-Session at Perth instituted, 84.
Defiance ofthe, 241.
No strangers to be at meetings of, 294.
Tyranny of the, 179, 183, 223, 237,
238, 252.
Remodelling of the, 273.
Kirk-Sessions described, xxxvi, xxxvii.
87.
Discussions in, prohibited, 155, 156.
Knox, John, excites a tumult against
himself in Edinburgh, 122, 123.
Lady's (Our) Chapel at Perth, 76.
Laird, an immoral, 227, 228.
Landlady, admonition to a, 226.
Lawrence's (St) Chapel at Perth, 76-78.
Leonard the Abbot (St), Nunnery of, at
Perth, 81, 82.
Granted to the Carthusians, ib.
Leslie, Norman, Deputy-Chamberlain of
Scotland, order of, 7, 8.
Liddel, Richard, Sub-Prior of the Car
melites of Perth, 39.
Littleton, lands of, disputes concerning
the, 27, 29, 30.
Logic, Sir John de, execution of, 10.
Loretto, Chapel of, at Perth, 79.
Love, disappointed, revenge of, 215, 216,
Lovers, quarrels of, 209.
Lunatic, a female, 297.
Lyall, Walter, Prior of the Carthusians,
49.
Lykewakes prohibited, 309.
Lyle, Robert, Prior of the Dominicans,
23, 33.
Macalpin, John, Prior of the Dominicans,
28, 33.
Magistrates, the Perth, admonished for
their negligence, 141.
Magnus, King of Norway, envoy from,
xxi.
Malherb, Sir Gilbert, execution of, 10.
Maltoth, grant out of the customs so
called, payable by Perth and Dun
dee, 7, 8.
Mar, WUliam, ninth Earl of, 6.
Margaret, the Maid of Norway, death
of, xxi.
Margaret, Queen of James IV. and sister
of Henry VIIL, 53, 55.
Marriage, counterfeit banns of, 170.
Promise of, denied, 184.
Non-fulfilment of, punished, 189, 190.
Breach of promise of, 191, 192, 193.

316

INDEX.

Marriage-contract,punishment for break
ing, 125; one dissolved, 178.
Marriages, large parties at, prohibited,
140; regulations for, 128, 200, 205,
210, 211, 221.
Mary, Queen, reign of, xxxiii.
Mary Magdalene (St), Nunnery of, 82.
Acquired by the Carthusians, ib.
Masses, Island of — See Inchaffray.
Mercer, Sir Robert, Procurator of the
Carthusians, 51.
Midwife, a prevaricating, 195.
Midwives, pledge of, 207.
Regulations for, 266.
Millar, John, Provincial Prior of the
Dominicans in Scotland, 17.
Moderators, Constant, sanctioned, 255-6.
Monasteries, Demolition of, at Perth, a
narrative, 92-115.
Money, advancing of, on property, by
the Dominicans, 13.
Montrose, John third Earl of, appointed
Viceroy of Scotland, 255.
Morals of tlie citizens of Perth after the
Reformation, 85-8.
Moray, Randolph Earl of. Regent of
Scotland, xxiii.
Mother, au unnatural, 181, 182; a care
less, 200, 201; A barbarous, 268.
Murderer, absolution of a reputed, 213.
Mure, Elizabeth, Queen of Robert II.
interred in the Dominican Church
at Perth, 2, 12.
Musselburgh, John de, Prior of the
Dominicans, 16, 33.
Names of localities in Scotland, corrup
tions of, 22.
Niddry, the Laird of, 226.
Obert's (St) Play, punishment for ob
serving, 125, 126, 129, 141, 177.
Offender, a contumacious, 220.
Punishment of an, 228.
Offenders, trial of two, 186.
Organs in Scotland, earliest in Perth, 71.
Park, Robert, Prior of the Dominicans,
21, 22, 83.
Parliament (the Black) of Perth, 10.
Parliaments, ancient Scottish, enact
ments of, xi-xv.
Published Acts of, xiv. xv.
Paternity, alleged, in high life, 132.
Of an illegitimate child acknowledged,
164.
Suspected charge of, 193, 194.
Denial of, 218.
Paul's (St) Chapel at Perth, 79.
Pauper Orphan, petition of a, 281.
Penitent, a female, restored to the favour
of the Kirk, 166, 167.
Perth— See Johns (St) Church,

Perth, called St Johnstown, ix.
Antiquity of, xix.
Beauty of the locality of, ib.
First charter to, ib.
Notice of a more ancient one, ib.
Long the Scottish metropolis, ib.
Ancient burgesses, manners of, ib., xx.
Parliaments held at, xx. xxi. xxiii.
General Councils held at, xx. xxi.
xxiii-xxvi. xxviii.
Siege of, by Robert Bruce, xxii.
Combat of the Clan Chattan and Clan
Kay on the North Inch, xxvii. xxviii.
Seized by the Covenanters, xxxiii.
xxxiv.
Works illustrative of the History of,
xxxviii. xxxix.
Ancient streets of, 3.
Argyll Gate, 3.
Burgh Records of, ib.
Property of Religious Houses of other
towns, in, 3, 4.
Hospital of James VI., charters be
longing to, 5, 35, 40.
Franciscan Monaster}', 75.
Religious Houses in, or near, 75-82.
Burgh Seal of, before the Reformation,
119.
City Arms of, since the Reformation,
183.
Kirk-Session Registers of, 121.
Bridge, falling of the arches of, 151.
Parish of, boundaries of, 175.
Two Ministers required for, 224.
General Assembly, proceedings at,
277.
Five Articles of, 281.
Defence of, by Bishop Co^wper, 284-9.
Pillans, Patrick, Prior ofthe Dominicans,
28, 33.
Plague, the, in Perth, 155, 159, 161, 244.
Play, conditions on which one is allowed
to be performed, 184.
Poisoning, case of alleged, 305, 306.
Preaching ou Thursdays, compulsory
attendance at, 220.
Precentor, an inefficient, 146 ; admo
nished, 152.
Presbyterianism, prostration of, 87.
Profligacy, female, cases of, 141, 142,
190, 191.
Shameful, 163, 164.
Publican, a transgressing, 208.
Quarrel, a matrimonial, 200.
Quarrels, famUy, 130, 131, 235, 243.
Female, and the Kirk-Session, 185-6.
Reconciled, 136, 163, 303.
Rape, an alleged, 212, 213.
Rattray, Sir Sylvester, of that Ilk, 20, 21.
Readers or Exhorters at Perth, 84, 121.
Recreation, Sunday, 236-43, 246, 266-7.

INDEX.

317

Recusants against the Kirk-Session
summoned, 126, 166.
Repentance stool, misbehaviour on, 235.
A new one, with degrees, ordered, 246.
Rioter imprisoned, 136.
Rioting, imprisonment for, 230, 294.
Ritchie, Robert, last Prior of the Car
melites of Perth, 89; poverty of,
ib.; noticed, 194.
Robert IL, accession and death of, xxv.
Robert III., accession and death of, xxv,
xxvi, xxvii.
Letter of, to Gilbert, Bishop of Aber
deen, in favour of Dominieans, 12.
Robertson, James, Prior of the Carmelites
of Perth, 39.
Rogue, punishment ofa, 221.
Rood or Holy Cross Chapel, at Perth, 79,
Row, John, first Protestant Minister of
Perth, notice of, 83, 84,
Ruthven, 'William Lord, letter of James
V, to, 22; proceedings of, 27.
Sabbath-breakers, citation of, 224, 225,
Punishment of, 196,197,199-202,212,
Sanquhar, Lord, suspected of immora
lity, 185; notice of, ib.
Scolders, stone seat for, erected, 276,
Scolding, acta of the Kirk-Sessionagainst,
to be enforced, 130, 174, 175, 232.
Punishments for, 128, 129, 139, 228.
Scone, Parliaments held at, xx-xxvi.
Coronations at, xx-xxii.
Abbey of, destroyed, 115.
Scone, David Lord, conduct of, at Perth,
256-260.
Character of, by Bishop Cowper, 260.
Scott of Balwearie, family of, notice of,
12, 13.
Scottish people, ignorance of, after the
Reformation, x, xi, xvi, xvii.
Seats for women prohibited in the parish
church, 187.
Sei-mons, absence from, 129, 142, 143,
161, 162, 194, 195, 206.
Sexton, a disobedient, imprisoned, 162.
Shacklock, Robert, Prior of the Domi
nicans, 16, 18, 33.
Shank, Ninian, Prior of the Dominicans,
20, 83.
Simson, David, Prior of the Carthusians,
48, 49.
Sisters, unmarried, not to reside toge
ther, 169.
Slander, investigation of, by the Magis
trates, 145.
Slanderers, punishment of, 167, 168,
210, 216, 217.
Son, an unnatural, 233.
Son-in-law, a violent, punishment of, 1 53.
Soulis, William Lord, alleged conspiracy
of, 10; condemned to perpetual im
prisonment, ib.

Spaniards, shipwrecked, denounced, 182,
183.
Spottiswoode, Archbishop, consecration
of, 268; translated to St Andrews,
269.
Stewart, Lord James, Prior of St An
drews, afterwards Earl of Moray
and Regent, violence of, 116-8.
Stool of repentance, a female occupant
of, 170.
Strangers not to reside in Perth, 209-10.
Stratheam, Countess of, condemned to
perpetual imprisonment, 10.
Suicide, case of, 150.
Sunday, observance of, enjoined, 136,
168, 170, 180,188; confessions and
promises regarding, 203-5,208, 211,
212, 218, 219, 224, 234-7, 298, 299.
Sunday evening, indecent conduct on,
297, 298.
Sunday-trading prohibited, 137, 171,
172, 181, 187.
Sunday-markets prohibited by Parlia
ment, 161.
Superstition, case of, 191.
Surgeons, examination of, 207.
Swearer, a profane, to be punished, 171,
192.
Tailor, an amorous and fickle, 164, 165,
Tay, inundations of, 2, 299,
Telfer, Andrew, Prior of the Charter
house, 47.
Timber, the Earl of Gowrie's, stolen, 144.
Tippling, Sunday, 218, 223.
Theft, case of, remitted to Bailies, 193.
False accusation of, 204, 205.
Thomson, Alexander, Prior of the Car
melites of Perth, 89.
Travellers, inquisitorial examination of,
223, 224, 242.
TuUUum, near Perth, 35, 98.
Turnbull, William, Procurator of the
Carthusians, 50.
Tyrie, Sir John, Provost ofthe Collegiate
Church of Methven, founds St Ca
therine's Chapel at Perth, 79-81.
Unchastity, Acts of the Scottish Parlia
ment against, 123.
Concealers of, punished, 139, 153, 154.
Suspected, 189, 140.
Punishment for not producing a
female guilty of, 132.
Deathbed confession of, 206.
Cases of —
John Swinton and Marion Whyte,
121, 122, 167.
William Steinson and Jean Black, 123.
Thomas Monipenny and Margaret or
IsabeU Swan, 126, 127.
Patrick Herring (Heron) and Chris
tian Maxwell, 128.

318

INDEX.

Unchastity, cases of —
Robert Stewart and Catherine Kin
loch, 180.
Oliver Davidson & Janet M'Oray, 132.
BeUenden (Sir Lewis, of AuchnouU,
Lord Justice-Clerk) and Catherine
Kinloch, 132.
Thomas Murray and Janet Basket, 136.
AndrewAuld and Janet Anderson, 139.
Dionysius Blackwood and Violet Hil
lock, 148, 144.
Walter Chalmers and Isabel Paterson,
144.
Robert Makison & Violet Purves, 149.
William Gray and Agnes Fulton, 152.
Adam Ferguson and Christian Fer
guson, 158.
Andrew Toshaek and Janet Will, 169.
Thomas Smith and Barbara Brown,
Rosina Bruce, and Janet Reid, 169.
George Makchant and Elspeth Cuth
bert, 168, 164.
Patrick Smith and Margt. Stewart,l 67.
Duncan M'Taggart & Janet Kay, 168.
William Baxter & Christian Bray, 184.
William Johnston & Helen Hay, 192.
Robert Stewart and Janet Rynd, 192.
Thomas Donaldson and Margaret
Lathangie, 193.
Thomas Gellatly and Janet Burnet,
193, 194.
John Oliphant and Janet Foord, 195.
Wm. Cudbert and Margaret Cock, 197.
John Craig and MargaretWilson, 208.
Peter Stoup and Janet Fendour, 209.
Robert Cudbert and Christian Fer
guson, 218.
Patrick CrichtonandMargt.Doig, 220.
And. Conqueror and his servant, 222.
Walter Anderson and Janet Logan, ib.
Thomas Lamb and Bessie Kid, 228.
William Ruthven and Agnes Mac
heath, 229.

Virago, punishment of a, 205.
'Virtue, Hoilse of the "V'alley of — See
Carthusian Monastery.
Wallace, Sir WUUam, notice of, xxu.
Walch, John, Provincial Prior of the
Carmelites, 37.
Wax, cakes of, grants of, 5, 6.
Wemyss, Sir David de, of Inchmartine,
notice of, 18.
Wife, a penitent, 167, 158.
An unraly, 103, 801, 302.
William the Lion, narrow escape of, and
his Queen, from drowning, 2.
William Prior of Great Chartreux near
Grenoble, letter of, to James I., 40.
Witch, banishment of a, 135.
Daily aliment of a, 144.
Anxiety to burn a, 229.
Prosecution of a, 270.
A suspected, summoned, 141.
Imprisonment of a, 303.
Examination of an alleged, for curing
sick persons, ib. ; her book of cures
taken from her, ib.
Witches, expenses of prosecuting some,
303.
Consulting with, 303, 304, 305.
Witchcraft, false accusation of, 188.
A man suspected of, 298.
Wodrow's Analecta, notice of, xviii.
Woman, disorderly, 199.
An unmarried, not allowed to reside
in her own house, 301.
Women, suspected chastity of some, 241.
Worship, public, disturbers of, punished,
181, 149.
Wynd, Henry, bravery of, xxvii.
Young, James, Prior ofthe Dominicans,
23, 38.
Young, Sir Simon, Dean of Christianity
of Gowrie, 62.

ERRATA.
Page 33, for Prior John Anderson, read John Adamson.
Ihid. for Prior Robert Lite, or Little, read Robert Lyle.
Page 132, second note, for Sir Lewis Bellensten read Sir Lewis BeUenden.

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