MILHEITGrH €pt0tolatp Curiosities; SERIES THE SECOND, AND LAST: CONSISTING OF UNPUBLISHED LETTERS, Of the Eighteenth Century, Illustrative of the HERBERT Family, And of the latter part of KING WILLIAM'S and the earlier part of QUEEN ANNE's Reigns. mow LORD HERBERT, KING WILLIAM, DUKE OF SHREATSBURY, DUKE OF NEWCASTLE, QUEEN ANNE, LORD GODOLPHIN, SIR ROBERT SUTTON, LORD SOMERS, LADY INCHIQUIN, DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH, JOSEPH ADDISON, Dr. ROBINSON, Envoy to Sweden, WM. GREG, GEORGE STEPNEY, &c. &c. With NOTES. EDITED BY REBECCA WARNER, OF BEECH COTTAGE, BATH. PRINTED BY RICHARD CRUTTWELL, ST. JAMEs's-STREET, BATH; AND SOLD BY LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, AND BROWN, PATER-NOSTER-ROW, LONDON. 1818. Lately published, in 1 vol. 8vo. 10s. 6d. boards, Anginal Letters, FROM Richard Baxter, Matthew Prior, Lord Bolingorohe, Alexander Pope, Dr. Cheyne, Dr. Hartley, Dr. Samuel Johnson, Mrs. Montague, Rev. William Gilpin, Rev. John Newton, George Lord Lyttleton, Rev. Dr. Claudius Buchanan, fyc. §-c. WITH BIOGRAPHICAL ILLUSTRATIONS. EDITED BY REBECCA WARNER, Of Bench Cottage, near Bath. Just published, by the same Editor, price 8s. boards, epistolary Curiosities; SERIES THE FIRST: CONSISTING OF' UNPUBLISHED LETTERS. Of the Seventeenth Century, Illustrative of the HERBERT Family, And of the Reigns of JAMES I. CHARLES I. CHARLES II. JAMES II. and WILLIAM III. FROM George Herbert; Elizabeth Queen of Bohemia; Edward Lord Herbert of Cherbury; Sir Henry Herbert, knight, master of the Revels; Prince Rupert; Prince Maurice; General Fairfax; Oliver Cromwell; John Selden; General Monk; Arthur Her bert, Lord Torrington; Lord Godolphin ; Duke of Shrewsbury ; fyc. Sfc. With NOTES, and an APPENDIX. CONTENTS, I. From Lord Herbert to the Lord Chancellor .... i II. From King William to the King of the Romans . . 3 In. From the same to the Empress 4 IV. From the Duke of Shrewsbury to Mr. Secretary Vernon 5 V. From Lady Inchiquin to the Lord Keeper 9 VI. From the same to Lord Herbert H VII. From the Duke of Newcastle to Lord Herbert . . 14 VIII. From the same to the same 1 4 IX. From the same to the same 15 X. From the Bishop of AVorcester to Lord Herbert 17 XI. Copy and enclosure to Lord Herbert 18 XII. From Lord Godolphin to Mr. Stepney 24 XIII. From Lord Herbert to Lord Godolphin 24 XIV. From Lord Godolphin to Lord Herbert 25 XV. From Lord Herbert to Lord Godolphin 25 XVI. From Lord Godolphin to Lord Herbert , 26 XVII. From Lord Herbert to the Duke of Newcastle. . 27 XVIII. From the same to the same , 28 XIX. From Lord Somers to Lord Herbert 29 XX. From Lady Dudley to her mother , . 30 XXI. From Lord Herbert to Sir Henry Every 31 XXII. From Sir H. Every to Lord Herbert 32 XXIII. From Sir H. Every to Mr. Herbert .32 XXIV. From Henry Herbert, esq; to Lord Herbert 33 XXV. From Lord Herbert, to the Lord Viscount Here ford j 36 XXVI. From Lord Hereford to Lord Herbert 37 XXVII. From the same to H. Herbert, esq; 37 XXVIIf. From Lord Herbert to Lord Hereford . , 38 [ iv ] XXIX. From Lord Herbert to Lord 39 XXX. To Mr. Secretary Vernon 40 XXXI. To the same 43 XXXII. To the same 44 XXXIII. To the same . : 45 XXXIV. To the same 46 XXXV. From Mr. Greg to Mr. Stepney 47 XXXVI. From the same to the same 49 XXXVII. From the same to the same 50 XXXVIII. From the same to the same 51 XXXIX. From the Duke of Marlborough to Mr. Stepney 52 XL. From Queen Anne to the Emperor 53 XLI. From Queen Anne to the Empress 55 XLII. Fromthe Duke of Marlborough to Mr. Stepney 57 XLIII. Fromthe same to the same , . . 58 XLIV. From the Same to the Emperor 59. XLV. From C. Sibourg to Mr. Cardonnel 61 XLVI. From the Duke of Marlborough to Mr. Stepney 62 XLVII. Fromthe same to the Emperor 65 XLVIII. From the same to the Prelates, &c. of Cologne 67 XLIX. From the same to the Bishop of Paterborne 68 L. From Mr. Cardonnel to Mr. Stepney 69 LI. From the same to the same 71 LII. From the same to the same 73 LIII. From the same to the same 74 LIV. From the same to the same 75 LV. From the same to the same 77 LVI. From the same to the same 79 LVII. From the same to the same 81 LVIII. From the same to the same 82 LIX. From the Duke of Shrewsbury to Mr. Stepney 94 LX. From the same to the same 88 LXI. From the same to the same .89 LX1I. From the same to the same 92 LXIII. From the same to the same 93 LXIV. From the same to the same 94 LXV. From the same to the same 97 LXVI. Fromthe same to the same 99 LXVII. From the same to the same 101 LXVIIl. From the same to the same 103 LX1X. From the same to the same 104 L v J LXX. From the Duke of Shrewsbury to Mr. Stepney 106 LXXI. From the same to the same 107 LXXII. From the same to the same 109 LXXIII. From the same to the same Ill LXXIV. From the same to the same 113 LXXV. From the same to the same 114 LXXVI. From the same to the same 115 LXXVII. From the same to the same 117 LXXVIII. From the same to the same 119 LXXIX. From the same to the same 121 LXXX. From the same to the same 122 LXXXI. From the same to the same 124 LXXXII. From the same to the same 126 IXXXIII. From the same to the same 127 LXXXIV. From the same to the same 129 LXXXV. From the same to the same 131 LXXXVI. From the same to the same 133 LXXXVII. From the same to the same 133 LXXXVIII. From the same to the same 135 LXXXIX. From the same to the same 136 XC. From the same to the same 137 XCI. From the same to the same 139 XCII. From the same to the same 140 XCIII. From the same to the same 142 XCIV. From the same to the same 143 XCV. From the same to the same 145 XCVI. From Sir R. Sutton to G. Stepney, esq; 147 XCVII. From the same to the same 153 XCVIII. From the same to the same 157 XCIX. From the same to the same 158 C. From the same to the same 159 CI. From the same to the same 164 CH. From the same to the same 156 OIL From the same to the same 167 CIV. From the same to the same 173 CV. From the same to the same 174 CVI. From John Hefferman to Mr. Fury 176 CVII. From Sir Robert Sutton to Mr. Stepney 177 CVIII. From the same to the same 179 CTX. From Mr. Cresset to the same 181 CX, From the same to the same 184 [ »i 3 CXI. From the same to the same 186 CXII. From the same to the same 188 CXIII. From the same to the same 190 CXIV. From the same to the same 191 CXV. From the same to the same 193 CXVI. Fromthe same to the same 194 CXVII. From the same to the same 196 CXVIII. From the same to the same 197 CXIX. From the same to the same 199 CXX. From the same to the same 200 CXXI. From the same to the same 201 CXXII. From the Duke of Buckingham to the same . . 202 CXXIII. From the Duke of Somerset to the same , 205 CXXIV. From William Pulteney to the same 208 CXXV. From Mr. Tilson to the same , . - 209 CXXVI. From the same to the same 213 CXXVII. From Lord Raby to the same - ¦ • • 216 CXXVIIT. From the same to the same 217 CXXIX. Fromthe same to the same , 218 CXXX. From Dr. Robinson to the same 220 CXXXI. From the same to the same 223 CXX XII. From the same to the same 226 CXXXIII. From Mr. Addison to the same 229 CXXXIV. From the same to the same 231 CXXXV. From the same to the same , 233 CXXXVI. From the same to the same 235 CXXXVII. Fwrai Mr. Harley to the same 237 CXXXVIII. From Sir Rich. Steele to Mr. G. Lewis 240 Bead, page 113, and elsewhere, Compte Maffei,instc&i ot Mallei. TO THE READER. A MONG- the desiderata of English literature, -^™- it has often been suggested, that we are still deficient in a good history of the years that include the latter end of the reign of King William, and the earlier part of that of Queen Anne ; all the annals which we have of this im portant and highly interesting period, being either dry registers of events, or so distorted by party spirit and political prejudice, as to render the reader hopeless of obtaining a clear and steady view of the truth. If, however, (as seems generally believed to be the case,) Mr. Archdeacon Coxe be now em ploying his leisure hours in preparing for the press the life of that extraordinary and highly gifted character, John Churchill, Duke of Marl borough, there can be little doubt that we shall have this deficiency in our historical records satisfactorily supplied : since the ability and can dour of this accomplished and esteemed writer [ viii ] are sufficient pledges to the public, that, in the life of his hero, (who was intimately connected with all the military and political events of the period above-mentioned,) they will have the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, as far as his materials extend, (and they are sufficiently numerous,) adorned with all the graces of a fine style, and illustrated by the perspicacity of a philosophical mind. In the mean time, it is hoped, that, as far as regards the public, and political measures of this eventful epoch, the correspondence con tained in the two " Series" of " Epistolary " Curiosities" may be found to afford amusing, interesting, and satisfactory information : since they embrace a considerable number of con fidential and official letters, from some of the principal public characters of the time alluded to; and narrate many facts, or throw light upon many events, which are either entirely omitted, or remain unexplained, in our existing En glish histories. The British Critic, in its review of the " Original Letters," when speaking of those written by Lord Bolingbroke, having used the term " ASCRIBED to him," (naturally enough, perhaps, from no mention being made in the Preface to that work, of the source from whence they were derived,) the Editor is glad to avail [ ix ] herself of the present opportunity to observe, that those letters, with the one from M. Prior, were all printed from copies of the originals, now in the possession of a Noble Family, and making part of one of the finest collections of papers of that description in the kingdom. In justice to herself, also, and as it may prove satis factory to the public, she begs further to declare, that the originals, or copies from the originals, of all the letters included in the two Series of Epistolary Curiosities, have passed through the hands of Mr. Cruttwell, the printer; and that a large proportion of the letters has been printed from the autographs themselves. Beech Cottage, March 31, 1818. epistolary Cttriotftieft; SERIES SECOND. LETTER I. From Lord Herbert to the Lord Chancellor*. Ribbesford, Jan. 2d, 1700. Cj^INCE your Lordship has been pleased to ^^ caste your eyeson the proceedings that relate * Lord Somers. Burnet's testimony to the excellence of this great and wise character is short, but forcible. •' He was," says he, " in all respects, the greatest man I had ever known in that " post," viz. Lord High Chancellor, from which he was removed 21st May, 1700. Lord Orford, also, commemorates him as " one of those divine men, whd, like' a chapel in a palace, re- " mains unprophaned, when all the rest is tyranny, corruption, " and folly." — Nob. Auth. v. i. p. 107. He was made solicitor- general in 1689 ; attorney-general 1692 ; and lord-keeper early in the ensuing year. In 1695, when William went abroad, he con stituted Sir John Somers one of the lords justices, during his absence ; to which ,were added, in 1697, the dignities of the lord chancellor, and the title of baron of Evesham. Having been deprived of the seals in 1700, the spirit of party pursued him; and he was impeached by the Commons, but acquitted. In the fluctuations of the ever-varying politics of the times in which he lived, he was again called to dignity and public business, being made president of the Council by Queen Anne in 1708; but was removed from it through the intrigues of Harley and Mrs. Marsham in 1710. George the First knew his value, and re ceived him to his confidence. He died the 26th April, 1716 ; and Addison embalmed his memory, in an elegant and forcible character, in " The Freeholder." B [ 2 ] to the restoreing to Bewdly their old Charter, the validity of which surrender is to be tried this terme, I thought it very proper to informe you of the inclos'd, and the proceeding- thereupon at Mr. Aturney's, on Wensday last, where I sent up two of the burgesses to attend at my charge, as I have all along in this matter don, because I think 'twill be for the King's service. I'm pre paring matters for a tryall, which hinders me from kisseing the King's hand so soon as I would, and makes me now desire your Lordship to remind his Majesty of his promisse to you on my behalfe, just before he went for Holland ; and if Mr. Montagu layes down in the Treasury to recommend me there. My Lord, I've neither been ambitious or pressing, as others have been. and are; but if I'm to be the only one, who have continued in the same warmth for this Government as I brought over with me at the P. of Orange's landing, without any personall profit, (especially when enemyes to our Govern ment have step'd over me into, most advan tageous places,) I shall retire. I confess my principall will never let me act, as some do, in opposition to the Government I've venter'd my all for, and desire may have long continuance ; but that's no reason I should be forgot. Pardon me, therefore, if I come to confession to jou, since I've long known your worth, and that entire confidence may be placed in you by, my Lord, your most obedient servant, $ HERBERT [ 3 ] If any thing here requires an answer, I desire it may be sent to my house in Leicester fields, and 'twill come safe to me. LETTER II. From King William to the King of the Romans'*. Mostsieur mon FRERE,-^-Ayant trouve k propos de depecher le Sieur Stepney en quality de mon envoy e extraordinaire aupres de 1'Em- pereur, Monsieur mon frere, non seulement pour maintenir la bonne correspondence qui est entre nous, mais aussi pour rendre notre amitie plus parfaite, et n6tre alliance plus etroite, je l'ay trfes expressement charg6 de vous temoigner, dans toutes les occasions, l'amitie sincere et l'estime particuliere que j'ay pour votre personne et pour votre merite, aussi bien que pour toute la Maison d'Autriche. Je vous prie d'ajouter une entiere creance a ce qu' il vous dira sur ce sujet; et de croire que je suis avec verite, Mon sieur mon frere, votre bon frere, WILLIAM R. A Kensington, le 9 Mars, 1701. A mon frere le Roy des Romains.-)- * Joseph, King of the Romans ; and eldest son of Leopold Emperor of Germany. He succeeded his father (who died in May 1705) in the imperial dignity ; and died himself in 1711. + (Translation.) Monsieur my Brother, — Having thought fit to dispatch the Sieur Stepney in quality of envoy extraor dinary to the Emperor my brother, not only to maintain the good correspondence existing between us, but to render our friendship B2 [ 4 ] LETTER III. King William to the Empress*. Madame ma Scecr, — Ayant fait choix du Sieur Stepney pour aller en qualite de mon envoy6 extraordinaire aupres de 1'Empereur, Monsieur mon frare, je n'ay pas voulu le laisser partir, sans le charger de fortes assurances de l'estimeparticulierequeje fais de votre personne, dont je serois bien aise de vous donner des prenves plus eclatantes, si par bonheur je pouvois trouver des occasions de vous temoigner que je suis avec beaucoup de sincerite, Madame ma isoeur, votre tres affection ne frere, WILLIAM R. A Kensington, le 9me Mars, 1701. A Madame ma Soeur l'lmperatricef. still more perfect, and our union still more strict, I have ex pressly charged him to assure you, on all occasions, of my sincer*. friendship, and great esteem, both for your person and merit, as well as for all the house of Austria. I beg you to give full credit io every thing he says to you on this subject, and to believe that I am with truth, Sir, my brother, your good brother, WILLIAM R. Kensington, March 9th, 1701. To my brother the King of the Romans. * Eleonora Magdalene, of Newbourg, third wife of the Em peror Leopold. •J- (Translation.) Madame my sister,— Having made choice of the Sieur Stepney in quality of envoy extraordinary to the Emperor Monsieur my brother, I am unwilling to let him go without charging him with the strongest assurances of my great esteem for you, of which I shall rejoice to give you the most convincing proof, should I ever be so happy as to find an opportunity of shewing [ 5 1 LETTER IV. From the Duke of Shrewsbury* to Mr. Secretary Vernon. J London, 2d Dec. 1 700. Sir, — I Have seriously considered what you signified to me this morning, which makes the you that I am with great sincerity, Madam, my sister, your very affectionate brother, WILLIAM R. Kensington, March 9, 1710. To Madam, my Sister, the Empress. * Charles Talbot (Duke of Shrewsbury, and Marquis of Alton) was eldest son and heir of Francis, the eleventh Earl of Shrews bury, who died the 16th of March, 1667, of a wound received in a duel with George Duke of Buckingham. Charles had been brought up as a Roman Catholic, (the faith of his fathers ;) but abjured the Romish errors in 1679. Disliking the proceedings of Janjes II. he went over to the Prince of Orange ; and on Wil liam and Mary being proclaimed King and Queen of England, was sworn a privy counsellor, made principal secretary of state, and one of the commissioners to hear and determine claims. On the 5th of April, 1694, he was elected a Knight of the Garter ; and on the 30th of the same month advanced to the dig- pities of Marquis of Alton and Duke of Shrewsbury. In the year 1697 we find him one of the Lords Justices of England, while his Majesty was beyond the seas. On the 14th of May, 1699, the Earl of Jersey succeeded him as Secretary of State, his constitution being impaired, and his health unequal to the labours of that office ; but some equivalent was made him for his resignation on the 14th of October following, by his being constituted Lord Chamberlain of his Majesty's household* This place he resigned in the first year of Queen Anne ; and went abroad for seven years, for the re-establishment of his health. While he remained in Italy he married Adelhida, daughter of the Marquis of Palliotti, of Bologna, descended by her mother L e 1 deeper impression on me, because, out of due respect to his Majesty, I have imposed upon from Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, the favourite of Queen Elizabeth. On the Duke of Shrewsbury's return to England he was made by Queen Anne, in 1710, Lord Chamberlain, and then sworn of the privy council ; and shortly after, appointed to go as ambassador extraordinary to France. At the Queen's death he held the then high and important offices of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Lord High Treasurer of Great-Britain, and Lord Chamberlain ; which had never before been held by any subject at the same time. On the accession of George I. he was one of the Lords appointed by the King to govern the nation till his Majesty's arrival ; and shortly after that event, was made Groom of the Stole and Privy Purse, a privy counsellor, Lord Lieute nant of Worcestershire, and Lord Chamberlain of the Household. He died without issue on the 1st of February, 1717—8, whereby the title of Duke and Marquis became extinct. — Collins' s Peerage, vol. ii. 64, et infra. This letter bears only the initial S. as its signature. It is, however, attributed io the Duke of Shrewsbury : first, because the hand-writing of the epistle is similar to other letters of the Dcke's ; secondly, because the Tories had at this time become triumphant, and the Duke and his friends had lost their places and their influence ; 3dly, because the Duke of Shrews bury had incurred some share of the royal displeasure, from being represented to the King as having spoken too freely of the norther'' war, and the partition treaty; and fourthly, from the Duke's intimacy with Lord Herbert, which makes it very rea sonable that he should have communicated to his friend such a letter as the one to Secretary Vernon. Shortly after writing it he went abroad ; his letters from Italy to Mr. Stepney, which occur among those which follow, will be found to be highly in teresting. TheDuke,also,hadbeencalumniatedtofheKingonthe business of Fen vick's conspiracy ; and though William affected to disbelieve the reports which had then been made to him, yet they p;-oi vbly rankled in his mind, and assisted in producing the coolness to the Duke, which gave rise to this letter. J Jrmcs Vcmon started into political life as secretary to the Duke of Monmouth. At the Re\olution he was appointed principal [ 7 ] myself, never so much as. to reflect from what corner so treacherous a stabb could come. This (I think) is the most suitable sacrifice I can offer his Majesty in return, for his generous con* descention, by letting me know the imputation J lye under, which, without so gracious a master, and so friendly a secretary, might have cast me into utter disgrace, before I could be sensible of having made the least false step ; whereas, at present, I hope to be restored by your assistance to his Majesty's royall favour ; which (without any prospect of interest) is the greatest satis faction I aspire to in this world. Of this I have thought necessary to give his Majesty fresh as surances by the enclosed ; which I beg you to present with my most humble duty, and to add in my behalf what your good nature and friend ship will sufficiently suggest; without any apology I need make to you, who know me to be inoffensive in my conversation; to have kept myself disengaged from any determination of partys; to work cheerfully in my present station; and to have a lively sense of all the obligations I have by several degrees received from his Majesty; and after ten years laborious and elerk to the Duke of Shrewsbury, and had the chief management, for several years, ofthe Duke's official concerns, to which he could not attend himself on account of his infirm health. On the 5th December, 1697, he was made Secretary of State. In 1702, on a change of ministry, he was removed from this place, and suc ceeded by Sir Charles Hedges ; but found a remuneration Tor his loss in being made one ofthe Tellers of the Exchequer. L § ] faithfull services, I believe you will scarce sus pect me to have lost on a suddain my heart and senses, but which certainly I must have done, be fore I could be capable of doing wrong to his Majesty's affairs. I may, perhaps, have given ground for what is imputed to me as to the warr in the North, having twice, for argu ment sake, contended with B. Schutz, in far vour of the King of Poland. This was before his Majesty went last to Holland, and at a time when he had not determined to which interest be inclined ; but after his Royall plea sure was known by commanding the fleet into the Baltick, I forbore reasoning on that ex pedition, otherwise than by supposing the true interest of England might have oblig'd his Majesty to have a due regard for the friend ship of a King of Denmark, the naturall situation of whose dominions (next to the Dutch) may at all times render him an usefull neighbour and allye to these king-domes. I likewise own my having discourced freely on the treaty of par tition ; but in such company as was engaged no less than myself in his Majesty's service, and not in the presence of any who cou'd be sus pected capable of making an ill use ofthe con versation; but I own I am not a little concerned to find that under a free Government, where honest men have allvvays been allovv'd to carry £heir hearts upon their tongues, and under the best of Kings, any Courtier dare so far abuse [ 9 ] his Prince's ear, as to turn delator, a cor ruption detested in old Rome, and never known but in the worst of times. But I perceive I grow warm, and do not stiffle my injury as I promised I wou'd. The best use 1 pretend to make of it is, to be more on my guard for the future, and to withdraw by degrees from the conversation of mankind ; which with me has lost its most estimable attribute of society, and appears to have more of the brute than I imagined. However, this accident ought to make us set a greater value on honest men wherever wee find them. As such I honour you, and shall always approve myself. S, LETTER V. From Lady iNCHiauiN to the Lord Keeper.* Mv Lord, — I should not presume to make application to your Lordship out of the ordinary course ofthe Court, if the injustice I suffer from the Lord Howard did not exceed the ordinary kind of injury s. At the tryall directed by your Lordship, which I resolve to bring on next term, I am advised to use the testimony of some witnesses living in Hulland, (whither my Lord * Sir Nathan Wright, serjeant at law, made Lord Keeper pf the Seals, on the removal of Lord Somers from the office of Lord Chancellor, 21st May, 1 /OO. This letter was composed by Lord Herbert, and transcribed and sent to the Lord Keeper by Lady Inchiquin. See some particulars respecting this lady, in the " Epistolary Curiosities," first series, Note, pi 151. [ 10 i Howard retired when he left me,) to prove, that he lived there with the woman whom he calls Pyke, as his wife, and own'd her as such. He did this so publickly, that I doubt not of having many witnesses, but know not the names of more than two, who are merchants constantly residing there. I have severall other materiall witnesses in Ireland, the country where the mar riage was had, one ©f whom is a relation of the Woman, and I am morally assurred was present at the wedding. The habitations and business of these witnesses are in these respective couu- trys, and I can neither compell 'em to come, nor, whilst I continue under these unhappy circum stances, am able to bear the charge of bringing ?eminto England. If I cannot have commis. ions to examine these witnesses without naming 'em all in an affidavit, the commissions will be pf little use to me. For I am sure my Lord H — d will leave no means unattempted to cor rupt or get those witnesses out of the way, he having already practised those arts upon some persons here, whom he knows to be privy to his marriage with Mrs. Pyke. As I know it would be in vain to attempt it, so I abhor asking your. Lordship to make any stretch in my favour; but I hope your Lordship will not execute the rigour of the rules of the court in my case, but will grant me such commissions upon my affi davit, naming: one witnesse in each of these places, and that, I have diverse others there; C n ] my Lord Howard may join in commission with me, and prevent any unfair practise in my com missioners. My Lord ! 1 had rather continue in this miserable condition than be relieved at the least expence of your Lordship's honor, but I hope your Lordship will not let me want any legall assistance that can be given me, and that my uneasie circumstances willprevaile for your Lordship's pardon of this addresse of, my Lord. your Lordship's most, &c. LETTER VI. From the same to Lord Herbert.* Caerfeon, June 27, 1701. This day I received the happiness and favour pf your Lordshipp's letter of the 24th, which is most wellcome to me, but by your's I find there was a long debate in your house for an addresse * From the Journals of the House of Lords, vol. xvi. p. 740, ft infra, it appears, that a petition had been presented by Lord Howard to that house, on the 28th May, 1701, praying that he might have " a Commission of Review" of the proceedings which had taken place in the Ecclesiastical Court, and of the sentence obtained therein against him. Instead of listening to this petition, however, the House, on the 12th of June, directed the Attorney-General to prosecute his Lordship for bigamy. A debate took place on this business, on the 21st of June, (the debate referred to in the above letter,) which was adjourned to the succeeding Tuesday, when King William coming unexpectedly to the House, and dissolving the Parliament, no further notice was taken of Lord Howard's concern. [ 12 ] to the King for a new commission of review, on which debate, from other hands, this post tells me, what a most zealous and uuparalled friend I have in my Lord Herbert, who, speaking such pertinent things, &c. in my behalfe, carried this great point for me. But I see how heaven still makes you my only deliverer, by gaining my Lord Bergavenny ; otherwise it seems, tho' to my great surprize, I had been involved anew into the same troubles, I have ben by justice and providence so lately freed from. But 'tis im possible to return, where so much goodnesse is like too much love, not to be expressed. Yet may I make this prayer for you ; may heaven reward you for what you have done for me, which, by divine promises, I think must be with a thousand blessings; for charity, &c. has the greatest of rewards. But I must stop this sub ject,, lest with my gratitude, and sense of your favours, I run on declaring the devotions I offer for you, and you think me impertinent. But, good god! how nicely did you deliver me! with but one voice! I dare not ask questions, but I hope the majority is as strong as if it were more. If I were in London I could not be easy without waiting of my Lord Bergavenny, and by your favour, returning him my thanks; but if pot improper, or troublesome, if your Lordshipp would please to offer my tl anks to his Lordshipp, it would be a great favor; and did 1 know par ticulars of the rest of the Lords, my friends, I C 13 ] should certainly think it my duty to return my thanks when I am in London. Mr. West; too, writ me word of your Lordshipp's great favor. It seems Lord H — d was at the trouble of sending down post to Dudley Castle, to see if Lord Dudley was alive, who, I am sure, if in health would not bee my enemy. I never heard off his illness, tho' I take care by news letters, &c. to inform myself how the world goes, whose transactions, methinks, seems to me more won- derfull now I'me so farr out of the world, than. when nearer. I imagine the fatigue you have had this hott weather, and conclude you hasten ing either to Ribsford or Hanslope. May I hope to know to which, ere you goe ? that I may heare of your health and happiness, so much wished you, and pray'd for, by your Xordshipp's obliged humble servant, E. INCHIQUIN. Wee drank your Lordshipp's health this day in our ancient city of Caerleon. May I present my humble services to Mr. Sollicitor Generall. You know my passion. S. Vollant and Walker kiss your hands. Pardon the trouble of the enclosed, letters often miscarrying. Please to let one of your servants put it into the penny post. l! 14 J Letter vit. Frmh the Duke of Newcastle* to Lord Herbert. Welheck, March the 24th, 1700— If. My Lord, — Tho' I have a great many letters to write this post, yett I cannot omitt giving your Lordship thanks for the favour of yours. I hope in a fortnight's time to be in town, tho' I am still very much indisposed with my short ness of breath ; and when I am there, I expect little satisfaction but in your Lordship's com pany. For my part, 1 see nothing but that the knavery of some, and the folly of others, have lost the liberty of Europe. I am, Sir, your Lordship's most faithfull, humble servant, NEWCASTLE, LETTER VIII. From the same to the same. Welbeck, January 10th, 1701 — 2. My Lord — I give you many thanks for the favor of yours ofthe 8th instant, and I dont know * John Holies, Duke of Newcastle, was made lord privy seal by Queen Anne in 1705 ; restored to that office in 1710 ; and died in 1711, the richest subject in England. f The occasion of this mode of dating letters may not be known to every reader. The fact is this : under the old style the legal beginning of the year was the 25th of March. This was changed by Act of Parliament, in the year 1752, to the first of January ; and hence it happens, that, previously to this period, documents which were dated between the 1st of January and 25th of March, have a reference in their dates, to the then past and present years ; that is, to the natural year beginning the 1st of January, and the legal year, commencing 25th March. ¦[ 15 ] Puller* at all ; but by the character I have heard of him, I question much whether the Lords will find him worth their minding. You may be sure I am as desirous to come up to you as you are to have me, and I shall take the first opportunity, as soon as my wife is able to bear travelling, tho' it be but by little days' journeys. I shall be very glad to have any account that you have from g*ood hands of what alterations are likely to be made, and how his Majesty stands fixed in his present measures. I am, my Lord, your Lordship's most faithfull servant, NEWCASTLE. LETTER IX. From the same lo the same. Welbeck, February 28th, 1701—2. My Lord, — I would not defer one post in answering the favour of yours ofthe 24th instant, and I am very glad you carried it against those * In the year 1692, a sham plot was invented by William Fuller, who being examined by Parliament, and discovered to be a cheat, was sentenced to be pilloried for his imposition. The charge against him, however, was revived in 1701 — 2, as Old- mixon informs us. " More notice was taken of William Fuller, " a sorry rascal it is true, for imposing a parcel of lies on some " credulous persons, for evidence, about the imposture of the " Pretender, for which he was in the last reign put in the pillory. " But that was not thought sufficient by the present Ministry; " and being again convicted of imposture, he was sentenced to " be whipped in Bridewell, to beat hemp there a whole year, and " to pay 1000 marks."— History, p. 281. [ I« ] gentlemen. I wish you may always have the same success, and that the friends of England, and the people of England, may one day pre vail. I think it was very well moved by my Lord Hartington, that the rights of the people might be considered. I am very glad that his Majesty is in a fair way of recovering of that unfortunate accident*, and I wish it may be of no ill consequences to him. If I had come to town I must have left my wife in a very dang-erous condition of health ; and I am sure when I shall have the honour to see you, you will not blame me so much as I believe you now do, who am, my Lord, your Lordship's most faithful, humble servant, NEWCASTLE. This was writ before the post came. I rejoice much at what the Commons did on Thursday. f * This accident was a fall from his horse, near Hampton Court, which occasioned the King's death on the 8th of March, 1701—2. t The two following letters are added as little traits of the intimacy which subsisted between the Duke and Lord Herbert: Welbeck, Aug. 25, —95. My Lord, — Though you mention your going into the country in a few days, I hope this will come time enough to return you many thanks for your kind concern of me ; I had yesterday some pains upon me, but I hope to be well enough by Friday next to kill a stagg in my park, where my Lord Spencer and myself wishes for your good compiny. If your Lordship does me the favour to let me hear from you before you Jeave the town, pray you lett me have all the news that's stirringc. I am, my Lord, &c. NEWCASTLE. [ 17 ] LETTER X. From the Bishop of Worcester* to Lord Herbert. 1701, Oct. 10, My Very good Lord, — This bearer, Mr. Sandiland, since he came off from the Quakers,! has brought over several of them to the commu nion of our church, and is likely to bring off many more, with God's blessing on his labours. But for this reason he is the more hated by the leading men of that sect ; who, as they are very watchfull to finde wherewith to bespatter any one that has creditt enough to be believed against I have had the ill news of my Lady Spencer's death; but if your Lordship will accept of melancholy company, and if you can call on me here before you see our acquaintance, I will waite upon you ; but if that don't agree with your conveniancy, pray you make my excuse, and let us meet some day next week.— I am, &c. Newcastle-House, Saturday in theafternoon; * William Lloyd, one ofthe Six bishops, who, together with the Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1688, refused to read the de claration of King James's dispensing power; and, inconsequence of their refusal, were sent to the Tower, tried, and triumphantly acquitted. Lloyd was a very learned man, and an excellent philologer. He died in 1717. J A few years before the date of this letter (in 1695), a con siderable division had taken place among the Quakers, and marry individuals had left the Society, in consequence of the learned George Keith, a very popular and considerable man among them, quitting that body, and taking orders in the English church. C [ 18 ] them, will certainly rejoice to have this to say, that he offered himself, and was refused by your Lordship. I do therefore make it my humble request, that your Lordship would be pleased to give him the credit of your nomination. But for the thing itself, I am of opinion it would be very proper to make it a present to the Cor poration of Bewdly ; who ought to be entirely in your Lordship's interest. But your Lordship is, and ought to be, the sole judge how you are to dispose of the place. I doe onely ask the credit of it for Mr. Sandiland, to send him back with a feather in his cap, that the Quakers' mouths may be stopt ; after which I shall humbly desire your Lordship to accept of his thanks and mine, and leave the place to your Lordship's disposall. — My good Lord, your Lordship's very affectionate humble servant, W. WORCESTER. LETTER XI. (A COPY AND ENCLOSURE TO LORD HERBERT.) Extract of a letter from, a Friend in Paris, about the K. of Great Brittain's death at St. Germains, on the 16tkofSept. 1701.* I suppose you have heard the doleful news of our good King's death. The enclos'd gives an * See a particular account of James's death in the minute Oldmixon, page 243 ; and an interesting detail of his visit to the [ 19 3 account of some remarkable circumstances. Since the letter was written, the K. of France and the whole French Court, were at St. Ger mans, and visited the K. and Queen in forme. There was ne'r so solemne an action in the late K.'s time. The next day the K., with the St. German Court, repay'd the visit. The Univer sities, and all the Courts of Justice, are to pay their visits to our new K., who behaves like one of twenty years at least. He's a very accomplish'd Prince, and we can n'er be thankfull enough to my Lord Perth for his education. The K. keeps all his own and his father's servants in their re spective places, as yet there is no change; and the K. of France will rather increase his allow ance then diminish it. The Pope's Nuncio remain'd with the K. till hee dyed, and embrac'd the new K. and acknowfedg'd him as such in his master's name, so have several 1 other forreign Ministers done. All the Princes of the blood have been very kind to our new K., and really hee deserves it all. Wee doubt not but God Almighty will bless the French K. after this act of generosity and justice. We have like- ways all imaginable ground to believe our good K.'s gone straight to heaven, and that as he for gave from the bottom of his heart all his enne- mies, he is now praying that God may change Monastery of LaTrappe, in a " Narrative of a Tour in 1667 to " La Grande Chartreuse, &c." note, 254. Arch, Cornhill, 1813. See, also, Dalrymple's Memoirs, vol. ii, p. 165. c 2 [ 20 1 their hearts, and prepare 'em for the blessings God will certainly powr down upon our coun try; as a certain token that our K.'s in glory. And the effects of his humility, his patience, his piety, his solide vertue, and prayers were so great, that our great men her e, such as P. Mabilion, and the Prior of St. Denis, and many others say, they can't pray for our K. for they look upon him as a Saint; and in reallity there are many canoniz'd Saints, of whom there is less to say ; bat of this subject we can't juge, but hope the best. The Queen is much comforted, and takes all very christianly, tho' inconsolable before he dyed. Our English letters tell us they speak very much good of our late K. and also of the present. They praise the K. of France; and if the usurper wou'd dye, doubtless they will call him home. Paris, the 22d of tikpt. 1701. Extract of a letter from St. Germans, on the same subject. You may believe we are in no small conster nation here for the K.'s death, which I doubt not but you have been inform'd of before this comes to your hands ; and therefore you'll give me leave to spare myself the grief of renewing to you the recitall of 't. I shall only say we have lost one of the best of kings; but we have a great comfort in this loss, that we're morally sure he is happy : for as he has liv'd these many [ 21 ] years like a saint, so he dyed the death of the just ; and ne'er was any thing seen more edifying then '.is piety and resignation. The great de- votr n and tenderness with which he received his last sacraments; his zeal in exhorting all his Protestant servants to become Catholicks; his charity in pardoning all his ennemies, and all that had done him any wrong ; and declaring pub- likly that hee forgave the Prince of Orange, his daughter the Princesse of Denmark, and this im^- mediately after his receiving the viaticum for the second time, three days before hee dyed. These, and many other edifying words and actions, hee was heard and seen do, and expressly, in the course of his sickness. But above all, nothing was more admirable in him then his patience, for he was ne'r heard complain, nor shew the least signe of impatience, in all his sufferings, nor was he any ways frightened or discomposed with the thoughts or the approaches of death ; but bore all with an inimitable constancy and firmness, and with such a serene tranquillity of mind, that nothing but a good conscience, and a particular grace of God, could have procur'd to him. And the marks of his humility were not wanting amongst his other verues; for when the curat brought the viatique for the first time, and the holy oyls to him, hee said to him, Voila enfin I'heureux moment qu'ily a long terns que fattens. When he had received all the rites ofthe church, he told the curat he desir'd to be buried in the [ 22 ] parish-church, without any ceremony. It's true the K. of France told him, after that, that hee could not permitt it, thinking it undecent ; yet still the KT's humility was not less, since he in tended that his body in the grave should have no distinctions from the bodies of common men, After so many marks of a good death, following upon the back of a good life, in a K. that has sacrific'd three crowns for his religion, and who suffered 13 years' exil, with many other crosses and afflictions in his life time, and all for the sake of his religion : can any body doubt but that he's as truly a saint and confessour, as his predecessours St. Lewis and St. Edward are? and as certainly a saint before God, as if he were declared such by the church? He expyr'd, with a sort of a smyle in his countinance, on Fryday last the 16th of Sept. instant, at 3 and a quarter jn the afternoon, (the hour, as well as the day of his death, being the hour and day of our B. Sa viour's;) soon after which, the Queen, (who's in a manner inconsolable,) parted for Challiot, from whence she is expected back to-morrow, to receive the K. of France, who comes to visit her before hee go to Fountainbleau, and to visit and to acknowledge, at the same time, in cere mony, our present King ; whom he has already acknowledg'd in effect, having declar'd to the K. his father, three dayes before his death, that he wou'downhim, and now he is treated accord- [ 23 ] ingly ; which was a very generous action in the K. of France to do such a signal act of justice as this is, to comfort our afflicted Royall Family, and to take the royall widow and or phan into his protection in so solemne and so friendly a manner as he has done, and that in so critical a conjuncture as this is, for which I am confident God Almighty will bless and prosper him. The late King's corpse was ex- pos'd 24 Dours in his bed of parade; after which it was embalm'd, and carried privately last night to the English Benedictins of Paris, where it is depos'd, and from whence I hope it will be car ried one day in state to Westminster. His heart is given to C halliot ; his brains Mr. Innes has obtained for the Scots College; and his bowels are divided between the curat of St. Ger man's and the English Jesuits. Thus you see, without intending, I have insensibly given you an account of some of the most remarkable cir cumstances of his Majesty's death; which, tho' it be a melancholy subject, I know you, and in deed all good christians and good subjects, will be edifyed with, and in some manner rejoice at, considering that this good King's sufferings are now at an end, and that his pretious death was a passage to eternal happiness ; where he enjoys now the reward of all his good actions. Pre- tiosa in conspectu Domini, Mors Sanctorum ejus, St. Germans, the 2tst of Sept. J702, [ 24 ] LETTER XII. From Lord Godolphin* to Mr. Stepney, , July 26, 1703. Sir, — I Was unwilling to trouble you again, till I could give you an account of your desires in behalf of Mr. Plantamout. I have caused him to be paid all his arrears of ordinary, and ex- traord', according to the regulation. But he has a pretension to double extraordinary s, which he alleadges were promised him by the King ; but that promise does not appear to mee, nor if it did, would it, perhaps, bee very reasonable to bee complyed with by &c. GODOLPHIN. LETTER XIII. Lord Herbert to Lord Godolphin. April \ 5, 1704. My Lord, — I Alwayes had a value for your promisse, and am pleased in remembring your last kind one, that you would finde me out an equivalent for my arrears of about £1400 by privy seale. I proposed to your Lordship the reversion of Sir Edward Turner's place of the * See the letters, and the note on them, in " Epistolary Cu- " riosities," first series, p. 172. [ 25 ] out-portes ; but with satisfaction I submit to what you thinke fit to appoint ; and now I beg the favour of knowing your pleasure, because my stay will not be above nine days in town. — I am, my Lord, &c. HERBERT. LETTER XIV. From Lord Godolphin to Lord Herbert. Easter Day, 1704. My Lord, — I Very well remember I told your Lordship I would endeavour to find you out some equivalent for your pretension, but I cant possibly bee answerable for the time of doing it, only I will be sure to have it in my thoughts. The place of Sir Edm. Turner, who has for some time been thought a dyingman, is engaged; and besides being too inferiour for you, is not near the value at which it is generally estimated. I -am, my Lord, &c. GODOLPHIN. LETTER XV. From Lord Herbert to Lord Godolphin. Leicester Fields, April 21, 1704. My Lord, — I can't omit returning my thankes for the assurance you are pleased to give me of [ 26 1 having it in your thoughts to finde me an equi valent, for my pretension of about £1400, which in the lest I doubt not of; but if your Lordship thinkes it proper, I should take it for an honour to serve her Majesty in the place of comptroller, which Sir Edward Seymour had; and I beg your Lordship's interest in my behalfe to the Queen, and will wait an answer, though my stay is short in town,unlesse you command me otherwise. WhenI was in the House of Commons, I thought myself happy in being instrumentall in promoting the addition granted to the allowance of her Majesty, then princesse, and she was pleased to take notice of mee in particular for it in the House of Lords. I have endeavoured the utmost in my power to strengthen and enlarge the Queen's intrest ; and for the future shall take it for a great favour to be directed in the way your Lordship thinkes most proper. I am, my Lord, &c. HERBERT. LETTER XVI. From Lord Godolphin to Lord Herbert. April 22d, 1704., My Lord, — I have the honour of your Lordship's letter, and without entring into par ticulars, it is very natui all for your Lordship to imagine this place may have been engaged for I 27 ] some time, as is true, the vacancy of it having been long expected. I shall not fail to acquaint the Queen with what your Lordship suggests in your letter, being, with much truth, my Lord, &c. GODOLPHIN. LETTER XVII. From Lord Herbert to the Duke of Newcastle. March 22. My Lord Duke, — After I came from you, I went to Lord Somers, and found him alone, and had discourse about severall matters, and somewhat of promises, which are to be made good when Lord Mai — is gon. I told him your Grace had a mindeto consult him about elections, and that on Sunday last you came with that intent, but was prevented by the company there. He expressed a great deal of concern for it, and said your time should be his, and that he would certainly write to your Grace this morn ing. When you do meet, if it be proper, I should take it for a favour, if your Grace men tioned me for the Chancellor of the Dutchy, in Lord Gower's room, whom I heare will be re moved. I would be glad to be serviceable more and more tp my country, and make one in [ 28 ] strengthening your interest when Lord Privy Seale. I am, my Lord Duke, &c. HERBERT. LETTER XVIII. From the same to the same. March 30, 1 705. My Lord Duke, — I've at last prevayl'd with Mr. Sill, (whom I finde has not the lest inclination to ^sell to Lord S.) to admit of the deduction of one shilling in the pound on the tilladge, as well as on the green sorte, for tithes, in hope your Grace will make the £70 you lately offered 100 guineas. There's not any thing remaining in dispute, as I remember, but the purchase of that share of Lincoln lease that Mr. Tyrrill and Sir Peter have, they paying a small real annuity for the present terme. He says that it is not in his power to determine, but he will speake to his cosen Tyrrill about it, as soon as he comes to town, which he expects every day. I mentioned to your Grace when I was last with you, my desire of now comeing into the Queen's service, and four places where I thought there might be removes, to employ gentlemen of your principle ; but I omitted one where there's at present a vacancy, which is a Commissioner of Trade, in Lord Weymouth's [ 29 ] roome.* The salary's £1000 a-year, and the honour of being a privy counsellour. If your Grace has mentioned me for any of those four places to the Lord Treasurer, according to the answer, you'l be the best judge whether an ap plication to him for me to be a Commissioner of Trade may not be proper; but I submit this, and my former requests, to your Grace, being, without reserve, my Lord Duke, &c. HERBERT. LETTER XIX. From Lord Somers to Lord Herbert. My Lord, — I have been obliged to take physick this day, and keep my chamber, and so cannot personally wait upon your Lordship to acquaint you with a letter I have received from my Lord Wharton,f wherein he desires mee to wait on your Lordship, if you are in town, (which he hopes you have left already, and have gotihto Buckinghamshire,) and to solicite you * Lord Herbert succeded in his application for this place, being appointed one of the Commissioners of Trade and Plantation in the year 1707, in the room of Lord Weymouth, who had some time before resigned that situation. — Tindal's Continuation, vol. iii. p. 792. t Thomas, Marquis of Wharton, Lord Privy Seal, died 12th April, 1715; a name ever to be honoured by the friends of liberty and the protestant religion. His son was the accomplished but profligate Duke of Wharton ; one instance of the truth of the Latin adage, Heroumfilii noxa. [ so ] with all possible earnestness to be at the election. He says it will not only be a particular favor to him,buta very public service. In a word, he says your Lordship must not be let alone by any of your humble servants. Amongst them all I am sure there is none who is so with more truth and respect, than, my Lord, your Lordship's, &c. SOMERS, LETTER XX. From Lady Dudley* to her mother. Himbley, May llth, 1706. De ar Madam, — I received your letter, and am much concerned that in this retirement from the world I should receive the importunity of lovers whom I industriously avoid; lam obliged to my Lord Herbert for thinking of me for his son, but I have not at present any inclination or thought of altering my condition; therefore, pray Madam, in the best manner you can, excuse me to my Lord. I am, dear Madam, your duti- full daughter, and most humble servant, D. DUDLEY. I beg my humble service to Mr. Fielding. *The writer of this letter was Diana, daughter Of Thomas Howard, of Ashded, in Surrey, esq. She married Edward Lord Dudley and Ward, and was left a widow by the decease of his Lordship (in his minority) the 28th March, 1704, she being then pregnant with Edward Lord Dudley and Ward. She died in 1709. Himley in Staffordshire is the seat of Lord Dudley and Ward. t 31 1 LETTER XXI. From Lord Herbert to Sir Henry Every.* Oct. 22, 1706. Sir, — This day the Parliament was prorogued to the 21st of November next. When my son was with me at Hanslop, he told me he saw at your house two young ladies, whose names were Williamsons, and that the fortune proposed for each was sixteen thousand pounds, &c. He said they were both agreeable, but his inclination was to the eldest. He has met with a misfortune, which hinders his wayt- ing on you and them at present ; therefore I should take it for a favour to have their fortune, what in money and what in land, and where, before I can give my thoughts on the matter; for I'm desirous to dispose of him well, at least suitable to my estate in present and rever sion, and an expectation not inconsiderable from his relations, with some little regard'„o my qua- ity. Your's, &c. HERBERT. Sir Henry Every, at Monsieur Chevalier's, a perriwig maker, in the Pal Mai. * For the connection between the families of Lord Howard and Sir H. Every, see Has first teriei of « Epistolary Cariosities." [ 32 3 LETTER XXII. From Sir H. Every to Lord Herbert. Burton, Oct. 26th, 1706. My Lord, — I received your's. Since which we have had the misfortune to bury the younger daughter of Mrs. Williamson, after three days' illness, which is so great an affliction to the mother that there is nothing to be said or done at present; but when opportunity serve, nothing shall be left undone, that lies in my power, to serve you and yours, being, &c. H. EVERY. LETTER XXIII. From Sir H. Every to Mr. Herbert.* Burton, 3d Nov. Sir, — Since you desire my opinion how you should prosede in your journey, I will doe itt sin cerely. I doe assure you, nobody shall be more * Son and heir (and only child) of Lord Herbert,, by Anne Ramsay, daughter and co-heir of *** Ramsay, esq; alderman of London. Mr. Herbert came to the title on the death of his father, the 22d January, 1708—9 ; and died without issue, April 1738. Miss Ramsay's trustees were the Mayor and Aldermen of London ; to whom his Lordship had pledged himself to vest her money, in six months, in the purchase of an eligible freehold estate. This being considered as difficult to be effected, the mar riage articles extended the time of purchase to twelve months, as appears by the following certificate of Sir William Dolbin. [ 33 ] Wellcome to me than deare Mr. Herbert ; but I cannot in the least thinke it proper for you to make a visit at this time, for the ladies are in sOe" great affliction, that they will see noe person. This is the first day they have come down stayres; and was by reason I. was lame of a knee, and could not goe up stares. If I can att any time find itt will prove to purpose, I will send on pur pose to you. I shall always make itt my business to serve you, as well in this as any other affair. From your truly friend and kinsman to command, H. EVERY. My wife gives her service to you, and will be ready to serve upon all occasions, in this or any other concern. LETTER XXIV. From Henry Herbert, Esq; to Lord Herbert. Ribbesford, May the Uth, 1707. I had been on Monday morning at. Sir Thos. Cookes Winford's arid Mr. James's, about a " l doe hereby certifie, that on the sealing of the articles .' of marriage betwixt Mr. Herbert and Madam Ramsay, Mr. " Herbert saying that it would be very difficult to find a pur- " chase within six months, I did promise him to move the Lord " Mayor and Court of Aldermen to allow him interest for twelve " months, if within that time he should procure a purchase. And, " therefore, in the articles, Mr. Herbert covenants to provide * " purchase within twelve months." '• 4th Jan. 1G78. W. DOLBEN. D [ 34 ] reconizance in Mott's case, and came home again just as the post was going out ; I reciev'd a letter too from you, with which I was not alitle surpris'd. These two things occasion'd me writing somewhat hastily, but I hope there was no undutiful expressions; if there, were any I humbly beg pardon, tho in what related to my own desighns I am still of the same opinion, for I think it better to run any hazard that fortune may allott me, than to live perpetually under the fear of disobliging a father, whom duty and natural affection obliges to love and obey : but be he never so wise, may be mistaken in apper- ances, and rekon those things as faults, which either could not be done, or if done contrary to his opinion, were thought for the best. Every man must be gided a Jitle by his own reason ; and tho a father has more sence and experience than a son, yet a hundred miles makes some difference, and he may blame the disobeying- those orders in London, which orders he himself would have dispens'd with here. I write this in relation to my not going to the Bishop's, but to Sir Thomas Winford's, for I thought where your letter was, there was no occasion for me, and that Mr. Slade could give a much better account of Bewdley affairs than I could. In the account that Jones gave me of the arreares, some he had charo'd with sums he had before, given others bills upon, and others he had made no deduction of taxes, so that I was to seek for L 35 ] their acquittances from the collector, which, in my opinion, was a very round-about way ; and all those who pay small rents, as three or four shillings, or under, he had, I thank him, avoided the trouble himself, and left it to me. As for my minding my own diversions, and neglecting your business, I have never been upon any sport, except bowling thrice, since I came into the country, nor abroad, but when desired by other people for their good, and not for my own satis faction ; which is a happiness I owne I have litle enjoyed of late; and by every letter I have had from you since I came from London, the nearer your good fortune drew, the more distant mine appear'd ; and, indeed, as it is common with all mankind, when people's own fortunes are like to be easy, they litle think of others; and what you once told me in Westminster-hall 1 find now to be true, that charity begins at home. I write not this as I believe you have quite forgottme, at least I hope not, but to lettyou see that an unkind letter from you concearns me more than all other things that can happen, and to assure you had I been guilty of what you charge me with, I would have continued in silence, and not have contradicted my father, though onely in his opinion, I hope you will not take this amiss, for I think I have not ex ceeded the bounds of duty in any thing I have writ; but lovers have always liberty to speak, and the condemned tfriminall at the barr has d2 C 36 ] always liberty to make his defence: besides too, your actions and opinion have always show'd against passive obedience, and tho you are pleased to tell me you always obey'd your mother in every thing, were it put to the touch, the world should not show a more dutiful, tho Unfortunate, son than H. HERBERT. I have reciv'd the thirteen pounds arrears. With diduction for taxes, of Humprey Rowall, and shall make up threescore or fourscore pound by Saterday of the rest, which I will take care to send by Sparrey. If I gett more, more shall be sent; and I hope next week to see you in London. LETTER XXV. From Lord Herbert to the Lord Viscount Hereford. My Lord, — I'm desirous to settle my son, my only child in marriadge, and haveing a par ticular regard for you and your family, should be pleas'd with such a neare alliance. In order thereunto, if you thinke fit to informe me of the utmost you will giveyourdaughter, at Ombersley, for a portion in money and land, I can soon let you know how suitable it may be to the intentions of, my Lord, your assured servant, HERBERT. To tho Lord Viscount Hereford. [ 37 ] LETTER XXVI. From Lord Hereford to Lord Herbert. Vagnor, 18th Jan. 1707 — 8. My Lord,. — In the disposal of your son, your Lordship is pleased to offer mee and my family a great honour. I never intended my daughter less than £6000 ; and was in hopes, with so much, to procure her a happy settlement. If this bee agreeable to your Lordship's intentions, it shall bee punctually performed by, my Lord, your assured humble servant, HEREFORD. LETTER XXVII. From Lord Hereford to H. Herbert, Esq. Vagnor, 18th Jan. 1707 — 8. Sir, — Your father has proposed to mee what you desired of him ; if he approves of my answer I shall make no exception to you or your cha- rapter, beeing it has been rendered to mee so very good. — I am, &c. HEREFORD, L 38 ] LETTER XXVIII. From Lord Herbert to Lord Hereford.* Feb. 14th, 1707—8. My Lord. — The favour I've received from you in an answer to mine, occasions this letter of explanation. I mentioned ten thousand pounds down as a lesser summe than I ever proposed to take with any woman as a portion in marriage to my son; but haveing a particular value for your Lordship's family, (and my meaning was in money, or good security, or land) if it suites your conveniency to give halfe down, and the other halfe on morgadge, I will make a settle ment accordingly, being desirous to be a rela tion, as well as, my Lord, &c. HERBERT. LETTER XXIX: From Lord Herbert* to Lord . My Lord ,— Since your Lordship has g-iven me liberty to lay my case before you, 1 will doe * This bargain, it seems, was not compleated. The j'oung man married Mary, sister to John, Earl of Portsmouth, on the 12th of December, 1709, abont eleven months after his father's death. * Grandson of Sir Henry Herbert, and son of Lord Henry Herbert. It has been already said 1hat he came to the title i» 1709, and died without issue in April, 1738. His Lady sur- [ 39 ] it in as few words as I can. Your Lordship knows how my father acted at the Revolution and afterwards, and how he was rewarded for it. Some yeares before his death, I engaged in the Bewdley election for myself, and in several others for my friends, as the Worcester, county and city, Bridgenorth, and the county of Salop. The first, by the constant law-sutesy was ex tremely expensive to me, having cost me, at least, six thousand pounds ; the others, tho' not so chargable, still cost me a great deal of money. When I began these disputes, I owed not one shilling in the world ; and at my father's death was near six thousand pounds in debt, the allow ance I had from him being* little of nothing. I Won't besides mention the incumbrances he left me, which were very great, besides the mis fortunes I have had since in my own famely* from which I can at any time justifie myself both to God and man. Since his Majestie's happy accession, I have endeavour'd to get some place, especially out of England, whereby I might in time retrive the misfortunes of a famely that has not been always the most inconsidera ble. I have been more than ohce made to belive I shou'd succeed in what I desired, but instead of that, when all those governments were dis- vived him, and was first Lady of the Bedchamber to her Serene Highness', the Princess of Orange. (See former note, page 32.) It does not appear that this humble representation was attended with any success. [ 40 ] posed of, I was told his Majesty had. allotted me six hundred pounds a year, till I cou'd be providT ed for. 1 must'confess, my Lord, I thought this too little, since several, who at least have deserv'd no better than myself, have more, and since I still continue at an expense to keep up that interest which has cost me so much money in the countrey, and can say without vanity, there were few Whiggs when I came to live there; and at this time there are few very who are otherwise. The beginning of the last year I had two orders for three hundred pounds each, sighn'd by his Majesty. The fees of both cost me at the dif ferent offices fifty pounds, and this year I have not had any thing. I have laid my case before your Lordship just as it is; and shall submit every thing to his Majesty's goodness, and your Lordship's consideration; and whatever may happen, will, upon all occasions, show myself a dutifull and faithfull subject, and, my Lord, kc. HERBERT. LETTER XXX. To 31r. Secretary Vernox.* Hague, the 1st Aug. J 70 1. On Saturday the '23d of July liis Majesty came from Breda to Bergenopzoom, a league * William embarked for Holland, for the last time, in a very infirm state of health, the 1st of July 1701. " As soqn as the [ 41 ] short bf which place he found that garrison, with some other regiments of the neighbourhood, drawn out, to the number of fourteen battallions and sixteen squadrons of horse, all very good troops. His Majesty was more than three hours on horseback seeing them file off; then came into the town, where he was entertained by the governor, the Count de Noyelles, and in the evening rode round the works, which are nearly finisht. The next day his Majesty went to view Col. Geo. Hamilton's regiment at Steenberg, and being returned to Bergen, his Majesty embarkt after dinner onboard one of his yachts, which landed him at the Polden van Namen, front whence he cametoHulst about ten at night. session of Parliament was over in the end of June,'' says_Sir John Dalrymple, " the King went to Holland to revive the ashes of the grand alliance, upon the resolution he had obtained from the two houses, and to consult with foreign generals there the plans of future campaigns whieh he meditated. But though his body was wasted, his legs swelled, his voice like that of a grasshopper, weakened by an asthma, the most discouraging- of all diseases, because at every draught of breath, it reminds the sufferer, and those who see him, that it may be his last; yet, surrounded with statesmen and warriors, the Eye of the Eagle, (that feature of his face which struck the Duke of Berwick, when he saw the King for the first time at the battle of Landcn,) and the spirit of the Eagle still remained with him. He con cealed from the public, though not from his friends, his con sciousness of the little time he had to live, and on that very- account exerted himself the more to make use of that little." Memoirs of Great Britain and Ireland, vol. ii. p. 165. William returned to England the 4th of November 1701, and died the 8th of March following, aged 52. [ 42 ] On Monday the 25th his Majesty reveiived' the garrison of Hulst, consisting of Col. Mon- moulline's Swiss regiment of two battalliens, with the Prince of Bhfenfeldt's regiment, and saw all the fortifications ; after which his Ma jesty went in the evening to Sans van Ghendt, where he lay that night. On Tuesday the 26th, his Majesty went from Sans van Ghendt to the fort of Philippine, where he embarkt on board his yacht, and landed at Breskens, on the isle of Cadsant, from whence he went by land to Sluys, where he arrived in the evening, and was received with a general discharge of the artillery round the town having been saluted in like manner, as he passed by Flushing, from the walls and ramparts of that city, as well as from ten Dutch men of War at an anchor in the road. The 27th his Majesty reviewed the garrison of Sluvs, consisting of five regiments of foot and one independant company, and visited the new works that are adding to that place, which are in a good forwardness, and took an observa tion at the same time of the forts of Donaes and Isabel, which the French are very busy in for tifying, both places lying within musket-shot of the out- works of Sluys. The 28th his Majesty came from Sluys to Breskens, where he embarkt again for Bergen- opzoom, and was saluted by the town of Flush- [ 43 ] ing as he passed that way, and likewise by the men of war. The 29th his Majesty came from Bergen- opzoom, and having din'd at Sevenberg, arriv'd at this place about midnight, The 30th, all the foreign ministers and other persons of quality waited on the King, and complimented his Majesty upon his return from his progress. The 3lst his Majesty went in the morning to the French church, and in the evening was in his coach in the Voorhout, as usual. August the 1st, his Majesty is gone this morn ing to Cruytberg, between Haarlem and Am sterdam, where his Majesty intends to lye this pight; to be to-morroAv at Soetsdyke, and on Wednesday in the evening at Loo. An answer will be delivered this day or to morrow to the memorial given in to the states by Count d'Avaux, who is preparing to leave this place in a day or two, in order to return home. All the Dutch troops have notice to prepare themselves to take the field, and will have orders very soon to march out of the garrisons and encamp. LETTER XXX L To the same. Loo, the 9th Sept. 1701, S.N. The Earl of Marlbo ough having been to visit the English forces in their respective gar- [ 44 j risons, arrived here last night, and has made u report to his Majesty, that he found them all in very good condition, and his Majesty is resolved to see them himself in some time. Monsieur de Gueldermatsen, envoy extraor dinary from the States-General, having served the usual term of three years is recalled, and has had his audience of leave of his Majesty ; and in a few days another will be named to succeed him. The Sieur Castelan resident of the Emperor at Cologne came hither three day's since, being sent by the Prince of Saxe Zeist, Bishop of Raal, Dean of that Cathedral, and the Emperor's commissioner, to give his Majesty an account of the posture of affairs in those parts. The Duke of Cel (Zel) has deferred his journey for three or four days, and is not now expected untill Sunday se'night, LETTER XXXII. To the same. Loo, the 16th Sept. 1701. On Tuesday after killing the stagg his Majesty went, accompanied by the Bishop of Osnabrug, with the court to Dieren, where his Majesty diverted himself the two following days with shooting, and to-day his Majesty has hunted the stagg again in his way to this place. The Comte de Styrum, lieutenant-generall of the emperor's forces, returned on Wednesday from the Court att Dusseldorp, and the Comte de Nassau Weilbourg, generall of the Elector Palatine's troops, is come with him to conferr with his Majesty. My Lord Macklesfield is come back from the court of Hanover, and the Duke of Cel with the Electoral Prince are expected this night att Deventer, from whence they will be here to morrow morning, when the Bishop of Osnabrug intends to take his leave of his Majesty, in order to his return home. Comte Fri.se, who commanded his Majesty's forces on the Rhine during the low war, and now lieutenant-generall in the Emperor's ser vice, is come hither to waiteon his Majesty, from Prince Louis of Baden. XETTER XXXIII. To the same. Loo, the 20th Sept. 1701. On Saturday in the evening the Bishop of Osnabrug took leave of his Majesty, and set out the next morning, in order to return to his Bishoprick. [ 46 } The same afternoon the Duke of Cel, and the Electoral Prince of Hannover arrived here, with Baron Else, governor to the Prince, Monsieur de Buteau, grand marshall to the Duke, and some other persons of quality, and yesterday his Majesty entertained them with a stagg chase, which succeeded very well. Sir Robert Sutton,* his Majesty's ambassader to the Ottoman Port, is come hither to receive his Majesty's last commands, in his way to Turkey. LETTER XXXIV. To the same. Hague, the 4th November 1701, S.N. The wind being come about easterly, his Majesty has ordered the men of war to put out to sea, and the yachts to fall down into the pit, intending to embark to-morrow morning for England, if the wind be fair. Upon occasion of the difference between the Elector and chapter of Cologne, and of the motion of the French troops towards Bonn, several battalions of Dutch foot are upon their * Sir Robert Sutton, knight of the Bath. He had been for Some time resident at Vienna, as Mr. Sutton. In the third series of " Epistolary Curiosities," will be found a very interesting collection of his letters to Mr. Stepney, during his envoy ship to th* Ottoman Court. [ 47 ] march that way to joyn the Elector Palatine's troops, and to be ready at hand, in case the French should go about to take possession of Bonn, or any other place within the Electorate of Cologne upon the invitation of that Elector or otherwise. LETTER XXXV. From Mr. Greg* to Mr. Stepney. J Copenhagen, Jan. 10, 1702. Sir, — This address to your Honour from an absolute stranger is occasion'd by the death of * In the State Trials, vol. x. Appendix, p. 77, are the proceed ings against William Greg, the writer of this and the three fol lowing letters, who was executed at Tyburn, the 28th of April, 1708, for a treasonable correspondence with France, during the time that he was a clerk in Mr. Harley's office, then Secretary of State. From these proceedings it appears, that the resident mentioned in this letter was one Mr. Greg, a kinsman of the prisoner, who sent for the prisoner to Copenhagen, and kept him as his secretary there till his death ; which happened about three years after the prisoner had been at Copenhagen : that on Mr. Greg's death, Mr. Vernon was sent as resident to Copenhagen, with whom Greg remained in capacity of clerk or secretary, for two years and a half, and was then discharged; that Gregg came to England on the 9th Dec. 1704 ; and in the ensuing spring was raised into Mr. Secretary Harley's office, where he com mitted the act for which he suffered. The enemies of Harley wished to implicate him in Greg's offence; but in a paper which the criminal delivered to the Sheriff a little before he suffered, he fully acquitted Mr. Harley of any knowledge of his treasonable transactions. — See Tindal's Continuation of Rapin, vol. iv. p. 47, et infra. I George Stepney was born in 1663. His qualifications recom mended him to many foreign employments, so that his time seems r 48 ] his Maj'esty's Minister1, my master ; who, after along and lingering illness, dy'd here the day before yesterday, about one o'clock of the after noon. Till such time as I have other orders from Court, I shall presume to give your Ho nour the trouble of a letter as any thing passes here worth writing ; which I beg pardon before hand if I address directly to yourself, because I cannot tell how to do otherwise, being ignorant of your secretary's name ; on whom, therefore, 'twill wholly depend to ease your honour of what impertinence I may be guilty of hereafter. On Saturday last, about 7 o'clock at night, dy'd here also, Prince Frederic Charles, being the third son bornunto this King, tho' but the se cond then living-. — I am, with great respect, Sir, your Honour's most humble and most obedient servant, WILLIAM GREG. To the Hon. Mr. Stepney. to have been spent in negociation. In 1692 he was sent envoy to the Elector of Brandenburg; in 1693, to the Imperial Court; in 1694 to the Elector of Saxony; in 1696 to the Elector of Mentz and Cologne, and the Congress at Frankfort ; in 1698, a second time to Brandenburg; in 1699 to the King of Poland; in 1701, again to the Emperor ; and in 1706 to the States-General. In 1697 he was made one of the Commissioners of Trade. His life was busy and not long. He died in 1707, and is buried in Wests minster Abbey.— Johnson's Works, vol. ix.p. 291. [ 49 ] LETTER XXXVI. From the same to the same. Copenhagen, Jan. 31, 1702. Sir, — Yesterday, about 4 a' clock in the af ternoon, the body of his Majesty's late Minister was carry'd to the French church here, and laid in the Queen-Mother's vault, with all decency, according to his last will, and all the ceremonies Suitable to the character he bore. The Foreign Ministers, as well as those of this Court, had been invited ; but the latter sent their excuses, because of the late arrival of the post ; as did the;former, by reason of the dispute about pre cedency between them and the titular privy councellours, and even among themselves. How ever, the procession was numerous enough with out them, and had not been so orderly, in all likelyhood, with them, for the reasons newly mention'd ; which, whether, or no, they be re levant, is not for me to say. And, therefore, leaving punctilios, I shall rather take notice of the obliging expressions the Queen-Mother us'd in granting the last grace for the body of his Majesty's late Minister, namely, that the im pressions of his personal worth, while living, were able to have made way fof him, now that he was dead, notwithstanding of her vault being built only for persons of quality of her own household that should come to die here ; but that E [ 50 ] the just and great esteem she had for his Majesty and the English nation, had absolutely deter- min'd her to grant the request as soon as made. I hear the K. of Denmark has newly resolv'd upon a progress into Norway, about the begin ning of the spring. — I am, &c. WILL. GREG. To the Hon. Mr. Stepney. LETTER XXXVII. From the same to the same. Copenhagen, Feb. 4th, 1702. Sir, — I am more particularly inform'd since my last of the time fix'd for this King's progress into Norway, namely, the first of May next ; and I am likewise told his Majesty designs to be out four months. Whoever of the Foreign Ministers follows the Court in this progress, the French Ambassadour is not like to be one ; his Excel lency intending to return home about a month hence. I have it from a good hand, that he wou'd have been gone before now, but that his merchant here, that us'd to pay him his appoint ments, lately refus'd to do it. On Wednesday last there was a mascarade at Court, where 'twas observ'd the foresaid Am bassadour was not ; as, indeed, of late he has been but seldom, either at noon or night. — I am, &c. WILL. GREG. To the Hon. Mr. Stepney. [ 51 ] LETTER XXXVIII. From the same to the same. Copenhagen, Feb. 18, 1702. Sir, — Last Tuesday night, about eleven a clock, Mons. Plessen's lady dy'd here of a mis carriage, and is much regretted, having been a gentlewoman of great vertue. The day before yesterday there was a mas- carade at Court, which began about nine a'clock at night, and lasted till five next morning. The French A.mbassadour was there, tho', I am told in nothing very remarkable from the rest of the company; as indeed he was, at the first mas- carade, when he represented Pluto. Mons. Rosencrantz, this King's envoy to the Court of Sweden, is expected here some time next week from Stockholm ; where, I hear, he arrived the 27th past O. S. after having stay'd about fifteen months at Riga and Reval, without being able to obtain audience of the King, ac cording to the old ceremonial between the two crowns, unless the said Envoy wou'd give it under his hand, that the Swedish Envoy here shou'd have an audience after the same manner; which the Dane refusing to do, all the ex pedients he cou'd think of came to nothing, and therefore he was recall'd by his master. I am inform'd that the K. of Denmark has newly resolv'd, that the 160 men found to be E 2 [ 52 ] wanting in theFuhnen battalion, andthetwocom- panies of granadeers, when the troops that went by sea for Holland were receiv'd by his Majesty's Commissaries at Gluckstadt, shall be recruited by the officers of that battalion and these com panies, and that accordingly orders are already dispatch'd for this purpose. I am, &c. WILL. GREG. To the Hon. Mr. Stepney. LETTER XXXIX. From the Duke of Marlborough* to Mr. Stepney. Camp at Aldertiesten, the 22d of Oct. 1703. Sir, — I am indebted to you for two or three letters, the last being of the 3d instant. What * John Churchill, duke of Marlborough, the greatest public character that graces the English annals, was born at Ashe, in (he parish of Matbury in Devonshire, the 24th May, 1650. Of him alone it can be said, that " he passed all the rivers and lines •' he attempted ; took all the towns he invested ; won all the " battles he fought ; and this rarely with a superior, and often " with an inferior force; a general never surprized by his enemy, " nor charged with cruelty ; and as much beloved by his own " soldiers, as dreaded by his opposers." Nothing, however, can more strongly display the worthlessness of human glory, than the closing scene of this accomplished hero's life. He lived to lose the favour of the Queen, whose greatness was built upon his services ; and to experience the ingratitude of a country, whose fame he had exalted to the most transcendent pitch ; to drop " the tear of dotage ;" and to survive reflection, sentiment, and even the recollection of his own deeds! He died 16th June, 1722, aged 73 years. I 53 1 made me the more slow in acknowledging them, was, the hopes I had of meeting you at Dussel- dorp; and since your inclinations lead you home, I am sorry for the disappointment, tho' as the publick will no doubt reap the benefit of your stay att the Court of Vienna at this troublesome juncture, those considerations, I am sure, AviU make it easy to you. I am going to-morrow for the Hague in order to hasten for England; but before I em bark, shall trouble you with a long letter in French relating to the Comte de Sinzendorff, in whose behalf I must desire you will use your best endeavours with Comte Caunitz and the Ministry, that they may come heartily into what I propose for him, as tending very much to our common interest. I shall be glad to receive your commands in England, and to assure you upon all occasions of my being very sincerely, Sir, your most hum ble servant, MARLBOROUGH. LETTER XL. From Queen Anne to the Emperor. 3d March, 1704; Monsieur mon Frere, — La lettre qu'il a piu a votre Majeste de m'ecri re pour me remercier [ 54 ] de la reception que j'ay faite a mon frere le Roy d'Espagne* m'a este tres agreable. Le carac- tere avantageux qu'on m'avoit donne de lui, me fit naitre l'envie de le voir, d'abord que j'appris son arrivee dans mes etats ; et il faut avoiier que j'ay este fort satisfaite de l'entrevii que j'ay eiie avec lui, ayant trouve que ses belles qualitez surpassoient la haute idee qu'on m'en avoit donnee ; et je suis convainciie, par ma propre experience, qu' il merite tout le bien que le bon Dieu, a ce que j'espere, lui a destine, et auquel de ma part je contribiieray de tout mon pouvoir, ayant ses interets autant a cceur que les miens propres. Je suis bien aise que votre Majeste ait pris en si bonne part l'accueil que je lui ay fait, par ou j'ay voulu donner des preuves ma- nifestes de l'amiti6 que je vous porte, et de I'estime que j'ay pour lui ; et votre Majeste doit estreassuree queje continiieray toiijours clans les lnemes sentimens, et que j'embrasseray avec empressement toutes sortes d'occasions pour vous marquer avec combien de sincerite je suis, de votre Majeste, la tres affectionnee sceur, ANNE R. A St James, le 3me de Blars, 1704.f -1 The Archduke Charles, seeond son of the Emperor Leopold and Eleonora Magdalene of Newbourg; who, on the death of his brother Joseph, succeeded to the imperial dignity, in 1711. He was declared King of Spain by the title of Charles III. in 1703; and came to England the end of December in the same year. The Queen's expressions of regard for the young monarch, in her [ 55 J LETTER XLI. From Queen Anne to the Empress. 3d March 1704. Madame ma Sceur, — J'ay receu avec beancoup de satisfaction la lettre par laquelle letter, were not merely compliments. She had been much pleased with him, and treated him with a singular respect, due as well to his amiable character as exalted dignity. "The Duke " of Somerset," says Burnet, " was sent by the Queen to receive " him, and to bring him to an interview, which was to be at " Windsor. Prince George went and met him on the way, and " he was treated with much magnificence. The Court was very " splendid, and muc h thronged. The Queen's behaviour towards " him was very noble and obliging. The young King charmed all " that was there : he had a gravity beyond his age, tempered " with much modesty; his behaviour was in all points so exact, " that there was not a circumstance in his whole deportment " that was liable to censure. He paid an extraordinary respect " to the Queen, and yet maintained a due greatness in it: he " had an art of seeming well pleased with every thing, without " so much as smiling once all the time he was at Court, which " was only three days: he spoke but little, and all he said was " judicious and obliging. All possible haste was made in fitting " out the fleet, so that he set sail in the beginning of January, " and for five days he had a fair wind, with good weather ; but " then the wind changed, and he was driven back to Ports- " mouth. He lay there about three weeks, and then he had a " very prosperous navigation."— Vol. ii. 354. St. James's, 3d March, 1704. t (Translation.) Monsieur my Brother,— The letter which your Majesty has been pleased to write, thanking me for the reception wnich I have given my brother the King of Spain, is very gratifying to me. The advantageous character which I had previously received of him, made me anxious to see him as soon [ 56 ] il a piu a votre Majeste de me temoigner le plaisirque vous avezeiied'apprendre la reception que j'ay faite a mon frere le Roy d'Espagne. Comme il estoit venu de si loin a mes instances, et qu'il devoit passer par mes etats pour aller a son Royaume, je n'avois garde de manquer tine occasion si favorable pour l'entretenir en per- sonne, et pour luy temoigner de bouche l'attache- ment particulier que j'ay pour ses interets, J'estime votre Majeste fort heureuse d'avoir un tel fils qui m6rite d'esfre Roy, possedant les qualit&z Royales qui le rendent digne de la couronne qui lui est destinee ; et dans toutes les occasions ou il sera besoin de mon assistance pour y parvenir, j'espere de faire voir a votre Majeste pas des preuves convaincantes l'amitie .que j'ay pour elle aussi bien que la tendresseque j'ay pour son fils que je conserveray toujours, as I heard of his arrival in my dominions ; and I must confess that I am highly delighted by the interview I have had with him, finding that his great qualities even surpassed the lofty notion I had entertained of them ; and I am convinced, from my own ex perience, that he merits all the prosperity to which I trust he is destined by a good Providence, and to which I will contribute the utmost in my power, having his interests equally at heart with my own. I rejoice that your Majesty has taken in good part the reception that I have given him, in which I have been anxious to prove the friendship I bear to you, and the esteem which I feel for him ; and I begyour Majesty will be assured, that I shall ever entertain the like sentiments, and that I shall embrace with eager ness every occasion in whieh I can convince you with what great sincerity I am your Majesty's very affectionate sister, ANNE R. L 57 1 estant avec beaucoup de verite, de vfitre Majeste, la tres affectionnee sceur, ANNER. A St James, le 3me de Mars, 1701.* LETTER XLII. From the Duke of Marlborough to Mr. Stepney. Camp at Gros Keppach, the 14th June, 1704. Sir, — I received on Thursday the copy of your dispatches of the 31st past, to Mr. Secretary Hedges, by which I see the little appearance there is of putting an end soon to the troubles in Hungary, and how backward your Court is in St. James, 3d March, 1704. * (Translation.) Madame m\ Sister, — I received with great pleasure the letter in which your Majesty has been pleased to express your satisfaction in the reception that I have given to my brother the King of Spain. As he came from so great a distance, in consequence of my entreaties, and was obliged to pass thro' my dominions in going to his own kingdom, I was anxious not to lose so favourable an opportunity of entertaining him in per son, and assuring him by word of mouth of my sincere attach ment to his interests. I esteem your Majesty very happy in having a son who so well deserves to be a king, by possessing those Royal accomplishments, which merit the crown to which he is destined. On every occasion in which my assistance can be of use, I hope to testify to your Majesty, by the most con vincing proofs, both the fiiendship which I feel for your Majesty, and my tenderness for her son, which I shall ever preserve, as I am with great truth, your Majesty's very affectionate sister, ANNE R. [ 58 ] coming into the true measures for it, although their all is in a manner at stake on that score. Prince Eugene has been with me this four days, expecting Prince Louis, who arriv'd yesterday in the aforenoon. We have since been in conference together to take our joint measures for the operations of the campagne. After dinner we shall part again, Prince Eugene for the Rhine, where he hopes to be to-morrow morning. Prince Louis designs to be at the same time with his army on the Danube ; and I shall follow our troops, which continued their march this morning. To-morrow we shall be at Gielingen, where the Luneburgers, the Hes sians, and Dutch horse are to joyn me the next day ; but our foot and artillery will not be able to come up till the end of the week. When we are together, I shall act for some days in con junction with Prince Louis, and then our armies may separate as we shall find most for the ser vice. Pray let me hear frequently from you, and believe me very sincerely, Sir, your most faithfull, humble servant, MARLBOROUGH. LETTER XLIII. From the same to the same. Camp at Burcheim, 13th July, 1704. Sir, — I am your debtor for several letters, and more particularly oblig'd to you for your [ 59 ] last of the 2d instant in cypher, which may pro bably be of use to me at this juncture, having had no manner of light into that matter from Eng land. I make no question but Mr. Cardonnel has been very punctual in giving you an account of what passes with us. You will have seen that our success on the Scellenberg' has been attended with the passage of the Danube and the Lech without any opposition, and the ene- mie's quitting of Neuburg, but now we have mett with a disappointment in the want of our artillery from Nuremberg, for attacking of Rain, wherein the enemy have a garrison of about a thousand men, which we were unwilling to leave behind ; but what we expected being now come or within reach, we shall open the trenches this night, and I hope soon make our selves masters ofthe placg, and then, if the Elec tor does not submit to reasonable terms, shall advance and destroy the whole country. I am, Sir, your most obedient humble servant, MARLBOROUGH. The Comte de Wratislaw is to have an inter., veu with 1186 to-morrow. LETTER XLIV. From the same to the Emperor. 20th July, 1704. Sire, — Monsieur le Comte de Wratislaw m'ayant fait la grace de m'inforuier avec quelle [ 60 ] bonte Vostre Majeste a deigne se communi- quer a mon esgard, et ses intentions de se rendre auplutost a la teste des Armees Imperiales, j'ay cru de mon devoir de lui en temoigner par Ja premiere occasion mes plus humbles recon- noissances,la supliant d'estre persuade quejeme ferai tousjours une gloire d'obei'r, avec les troupes que j'ay l'honeur de commander, aux ordres de Votre Majeste, et de l'avoir pour temoin du zele et de l'ardeur avec lequel nous nous exposerons partout pour son service. Je suis avec toute sorte de respect et soumission, Sire, de Votre Majeste, le tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur, LE DUG DE MARLBOROUGH. An Camp d'Aicha, ce20meJuillet, 1704.* * To the Emperor. Translation,. Sire, — The Count of Wratislaw having done me the favour to inform me of the goodness with which your Majesty has condescended to speak on my behalf, and your in tention of putting' yourself directly at the head of the Imperial armies, I think it my duty to assure you as early as possible of my most humble thanks, begging you to believe that I shall always consider it my glory to obey the orders of your Majesty with the troops under my command, and to shew the ardour and zeal with which we will venture every thing in your service. I am with all possible respect, Sire, your Majesty's very humble and obedient servant, THE DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH. From the Camp of Aicher, July 20th. 1704. [ 61 ] LETTER XLV. From C. Sibourg to 3Ir. Cardonnpl.* July 29th, 1706. Sir, — According to the leave you have given me I send you this memorandum, shewing, That after Prince Louis of Baden had the lastcampainemadehimselfmaster of Hagenau,| in Alsace, most of the Magistrates of the said town were gone to Strasburg, beeing of the French interest; upon which the Prince was resolv'd to make new magistrates that should be of the Emperour's side. Baron Krebs having always behav'd himself as a good patriot, the sayd Prince made choice of Baron Krebs to fill up the first place; but Hagenau beeing soone lost again, as soone as the French had it in their hands, they made Baron Krebs a prisner, and he is now in the cittadell of Besancon. It will be your goodness now to endeavour to t Mr. A. Cardonnel was secretary to the Duke of Marlborough. His Grace speaks of him affectionately in one his letters to a gentleman of Hanover. See Lediard's Life of Marlborough, vol. ii. p. 280. Several letters from this gentleman to Mr. Stepney, envoy extraordinary at Vienna, follow those of the Duke of Marlborough. * Hagenau stands on the river Matebrun, thirteen miles north of Strasburg, and as many west of Baden. Prince Lewis of Baden found the French lines here, on the 28th August, 1705 ; and the Confederates took possession of it in October following. It was retaken by the Frenchin 1706. [ 62 J mouve his Grace the Duke of Marlborough to a charitable act, in getting his recommendation to the Emperour's ministers that by some act of represaillesthe said Baron may be sett at liberty, having been guilty of nothing but loving his country and his lawful Prince. I hope this will appear a reasonable request ; since liberty and property hath been the only object of his Grace's victories, I am confident he will hear the cries of one that has lost all for the common cause. I beg the favour of you, Sir, to put this into the method you may judge to be the fittest for ob taining our request, and you'l infinitely oblige, Sir, your most humble, and most obedient servant, C. SIBOURG. LETTER XLVI. From the Duke of Maryborough to Mr. Stepney. St. James's, the \5th3Iarch, 1705-6. Sir,— -Yesterday we had four mailes together from Holland ; your courier came over at the same time, and I receiv'd your letters of the 24th and 27th past, the latter has been commu nicated to the Commissioners for the Loan, who are perfectly satisfied, and very thankfull for your care in that matter; to-morrow tbey are to C 63 ] have a conference with Comte Gallas, who is then to communicate to them the instrument, sign'd by the Emperor, by which they will be sufficiently inform'd of the tenour of the ratifica tion expected from the States of Silesia; the next step will be for the subscribers to chuse trustees out of their own number, who are to receive the money already paid in from the Com missioners appointed under the great seale, and to manage all matters hereafter. This will take up two or three days more, so that it will be Fry- day next before we send the first bills, but to make amends they will be made payable at sight, and you may assure the Emperor, as I now write to the Prince of Salm, that my Lord Treasurer will take particular care that they be not im posed upon in the exchange. As for the bills you have already received for the 200m. ducats payable to the Prince of Savoy, you are not rightly inform'd of the rates they were remitted at, nor shall I be able to explain that matter to you till my Lord Treasurer's re turn from Newmarket. I must once more entreat you will take the business of Mendelheim* entirely upon yourself, *In consideration of the signal service done by his Grace (the Duke of Marlborough) to the House of Austria, and to the empire, his Imperial Majesty was pleased to make him a grant of the lordship of Mindelheim, in Suabia, not far from Augsburg, which was now created into a principality of the holy Roman empire, and was in such manner conferred upon the Duke, that his Grace and the heirs male of his body, lawfull begotten, and their heirs [ 64 ] it being impossible for me to judge at this dis tance what is proper to be done, so well as yott may do upon the spott, with the advice of those friends who you think fit to consult withall; I shall only observe, that we ought to give the preference for those gentlemen for whom the Prince of Savoy and Comte Sinzendorff are concern'd, where they are equally qualified, with other pretenders, and leave it to you to consider with respect to good husbandry, whe ther I ought to employ as many officers and make the same allowances as whilst the estate was in the Emperor's hands. I should approve of what you propose relating to the Secretary or Judge, although I was not restrain'd in matters of religion by the special clause you mention, and I believe it will not be difficult for you to bring Baron Staffhorst over to your opinion. I am, truly, Sir, your roost faithfull and humble servant, MARLBOROUGH. male, and possessors of that principality, should be summoned to all the Diets of the empire, and circle of Suabia, to appear in person, or by their plenipotentiary, as other princes of the empire do. From whence his Grace was, from that time, distinguished throughout the empire by the style and title of Prince of Mindel heim. — 'This honourable grant was made 1705. Lediard's Life of John, Duke of Marlborough, vol. i. p. 339. In November, 1706, Mr. Stepney was admitted into the College of Princes of the Empire, as the Duke's Plenipotentiary, with all the marks of respect. Ibid p. 433. [ 65 ] LETTER XLVII. From the same to the Emperor. 25th Aug. Sire, — Le Bon Dieu ayant nouvellement beni les Justus armes des Haut Alliez, dans ce pais, par la reddition de l'importante fortresse de Menm, j'ay cru de mon devoir de faire part auplutot a votre Majeste Imperiale d'un evenement si avantageux a la cause commune. Monsieur de Caraman deinanda a capituler Dimanche; et comme le tems nous est fort pre- cieux, on n'a pas hesite de luy accorder des conditions honorables, selon lesquelles, la gar- nison, au nombre de pres de quatremille hommes, vient de sortir ce matin, pour etre conduite a Doiiay. Je felicite tres humblement V. M. I. sur cetheureux succez, qui pourroit biencon- tribuer a une paix juste et raisonable, si on fai- soit ses efforts partout ailleurs. Le voisinage de l'armee de France nous pourra obliger arester icy encore quelques jours, pendant qu'on comble nos ouvrages, et r^pare un peu les fortifications; maispour ne pas perdie de tems, nous pourrons en attendant tacher de nous rendre maitres de Termonde. Je suplie V. M. I. d'agreer que je me serve aussi de cette occasion, pour la remercier tres humblement des bontes qu' elle daigne me temoigner par sa derniere lettre, etquej'aye E [ ^ 3 Thonneur de l'assurer que je ne cesserai jamais mes derniers soins pour tout ce qui regarde les interests de votre M. I. et de sa Majeste Catho- lique en ces pais, estant avec un entier devoue- ment et un respect le plus soumis, Sire, de votre Majest6 ImperiaJe le, tres humble et tres obies- sant serviteur, LE PR. ET DUC DE MARLBOROUGH. Au Camp de Helchin, ce 25th Aoust, 1706.* A Sa Majeste Imperiale. * (Translation.) Sire, — A good Providence having blessed anew the just cause of the high Allies in this country, by the re duction of the important fortress of Menin, I think it my duty directly to inform your Imperial Majesty of an event so advan tageous to the common cause. Mons. de Caraman asked to capitulate on Sunday ; and as time is very precious to us, we did not hesitate to grant him honourable conditions. According to which, the garrison, nearly four thousand in number, are going out this morning to be conducted to Douay. I congratulate your Imperial Majesty very humbly on this good success, which may contribute to a just and equitable peace, if efforts are made from all quarters to obtain it. j The vicinity of the French army will oblige us to remain here some days longer, whilst our works are finishing, and the injured fortifications repaired ; but not to lose time, we shall mean while endeavour to make ourselves masters of Termonde. I beg your Imperial Majesty to permit me to avail myself of this opportunity of thanking you very humbly for the kindness which you condescend to shew me by your last letter ; and allow me the honour of assuring you, that I shall ever use my utmost endeavours to promote whatever may increase the interests of your Imperial Majesty and of his Catholic Majesty in these coun tries, being with entire devotion, and the most humble respect, Sire, your Imperial Majesty's very humble and obedient servant, THE PRINCE AND DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH. From the Camp of Helchin, Aug. 25, 1706. To his Imperial Majesty. [ 67 } LETTER XLVIII. From the same to the Prelates, fyc. of Cologne. A St. James's, ce lOme Decembre, 1706. Messieurs, — La lettre que vous m'avez fait rhonneur de m'escrire le 25me da mois passe, rn'a suivi icy, et ne m'a este rendiie que depuis cinq jours, je m'etois flatte que les soins que j'avois pris pour les quartiers d'hyver dans votre pays, vous auroient donne toute satisfaction, et que vous n'auriez eu aucun lieu de vous plaindre, de sorte que c'est avec beaucoup de chagrin que j'apprends ce que vous me marquez au sujet de l'occupation des villes de Rhinback et Zulpieh. J 'en ai escrit en Hollande, et preteray volontiers les mains a ce que les troupes de Prusse releve les Palatins, puisque cela pourra vous estrede qaelque soulagement, auxquels je serai ravi de contribuer dans toutes les rencontres, estant tres sincerement, Messieurs, vostre ties humble et tres obeissant serviteur, LE PR. ET DUC DE MARLBOROUGH. A Messieurs les Prelats et Capitulaires de la MetropolKainede Cologne.* St. James, Dec. 10, 1706. * (Translation.) Gentlemen,— The letter with which you honoured me, dated the 25th of last month, followed me here, and I received it only five days since. I had flattered myself that the care I have taken with respect to winter quarters in your country, would have given you complete satisfaction, and that you would have had no cause for complaint, so that I hear with much regret your observations with respect to the occupation of F 2 [ 68 ] LETTER XLIX. From the same to the Bishop of Paderbofne. A St. James's, ce lOme Decembre, 1706. Monsieur, — J'ay receu la lettre que vous m'avez fait l'honneur de m'escire le 23me du mois passe, et vous remercie tres humblement de vos obliffeantes felicitations sur les heureux succez que le bon Dieu nous a donne pendant le cours de la campagne. II faut esperer que la Pro- videncen ous continuera ses benedictions, et nous acheminera enfin a une bonne et solide paix. Mons. de Vryberg a presente k la Reine la lettre que vous lui avez escrite, et vous aurez sans doute appns de Messieurs les Etats la mamere comment sa Majeste s'est expliquee sur le champ. La reponse vous sera aussi envoyee au premier jour. En mon particulier vous pou vez croire, Monsieur, que je serai ravi de pouvoir contribuer a la satisfaction d'un chacun, et de terminer k l'amiable une affaire qui pourroit autrement causer de la mesintelligence entre les Hauls Alliez estant avec une veritable passion the cities ofRhinback and Zulpich. I have written to Holland, and will willingly lend a hand to assist the Prussian troops in raising the Palatinate ; as this will give you pleasure, to which I shall rejoice to contribute on every occasion, being with great •sincerity, Gentlemen, your very humble and obedient servant, THE PRINCE AND DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH. To the Prelate and Chapter of the metropolitan Church of Cologne: [ 69 ] et respect, Monsieur, vostre tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur, LE PR. ET DUCDE MARLBOROUGH. A Monsieur Monsieur 1,'Evesque de Paderborne* LETTER L. From Mr. CARDONNELt to Mr. Stepney. Camp before Bon, the 21th April, 1703. Dear Sir, — I received, two days since, at Cologne, the honour of your letter of the 4th instant, with the enclosed papers, which I have St. James, Dec. 10, 1706. * (Translation.) Sir, — 1 have received the letter with which you honoured me, written on the 23d of last month, and thank you very humbly for your obliging congratulations on the good success with which a bountiful Providence has favoured us in the course of the campaign. We must hope that He will con tinue his blessings, and lead us at last to a good and solid peace. Mons. De Vryberg has presented the letter which you have written to the Queen ; and you will doubtless have learnt from the gentlemen of the States, the manner in which her Majesty explained herself upon the spot. The reply will be sent to you immediately. For myself I beg you to believe, Sir, that I should be happy to contribute to the satisfaction of all par ties, and to terminate amicably an affair which must otherwise occasion misunderstanding between'the High Allies, being with true regard and respect, Sir, your very humble and obedient servant, THE PRINCE AND DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH. To the Bishop of Paderborne. t When the party malice of Harley, and other of the Duke's enemies, had effected his disgrace with the Government, in the year 1712, his faithful Secretary, Cardonnel, was ii.volved in his master's fall, and the following vote passed in the House of C 70 j communicated to my Lord Duke, and am com manded to return you thanks for them, as well as for what you sent to his Grace directly. You will see by the enclosed that we have not yet gott our great guns from Holland, the want of which will retard our siege for some few days. In my next I will send you a list of the number of our troops here. The garrison consists of eleven bat. and a regiment of horse, and another of drag.; the two latter, with six of the bat. are French ; the rest Walloons, and of this country. 'Tis said that there are dissentions among them, and that they have orders not to hazard the loss of so many men by standing out to the last extremity; so that when we come to attack them on all sides with a train of about 150 great guns and morters, we shall soon be masters ofthe place one way or other. I think Mons. Coehorn asks twenty days, after he has begun. We have news from Ba varia much earlier than you can send it from Vienna; besides they flatter you with all they send to your Court. We expect every minute to hear of Prince Louis being forc'd and routed in his lines, Mons. de Vi liars laving rais'd several batteries, and been within 400 paces of him for near two days, and the letters say possi- tively would attack him the 21st instant. Pray Commons by a majority of twenty-six: "That the taking a " gratuity of 500 gold ducats annually, for the contraction for " bread and bread-waggons for the army of the Low Countries, " by Mr. Cardonnel, was unwarrantable and corrupt ; and there- " fore that he should, for the said offence, be expelled the House." [ 71 ] God send us good news from thence, and that your Court may send their young gentlemen away immediatly, or else I am sure they deserve nothing but ruin. I am, Sir, your most faithfull and obedient servant, A. CARDONNEL. By degrees I'll send you the papers you desire about our army. Pray excuse my begining on the wrong side of the paper. We have not one soul of an Englishman here, but our own family. 1 have this minute yours of the 7th and I lth instant, and do observe your directions of for warding my two by Wesel. To-morrow morning shall communicate them to his Grace. LETTER LI. From the same to the same. Camp before Bon, the 3d May, 1 703. Sir, — This morning Comte Zinzendorff brought me the honour of yours of the 19th past. by which I perceive your apprehensions con tinued for Prince Lewis of Baden, and there* fore you will have been the more pleasingly surpriz'd, as we were here at the good news of Mons. Vijlars's repulse. This night we are to open the trenches in three different places, one above and another below the town, the third against the fort on the other side the Rhine, which attack will be t 72 ] carried on with the greatest vigour at first, for the taking of it will very much facilitate our attack of the town. The batteries we shall then be able to raise on that side, discovering great part of the works about the town on this side. Mons. Coehorn and the engeniers pro mise that their bateries shall be in perfection in five days ; but my Lord Duke will be very well satisfied if they are so in seven or eight. At the rate every thing has gone on hitherto, we shall have about 150 cannon and mortars in battery ; and Coehorn expects they will have had their effect, and then we shall be masters of the town in eighteen days after they begin ; besides these we shall have 300 small mortars with gra- nades, continually playing upon their outworks. I long to have this over, that we may return to our friends upon the Maes, where we sha'l be more of apiece, for I apprehend before 'tis over we may have some jarring among our generals. By what Comte Zinsendorff was saying to-dav, he is for having us go another way, there being nothing to be apprehended from the French in Braband or Flanders, while they have so great a body of troops in the Upper Rhine; the army we are gathering together near Mnstricht beino- more then sufficient to oppose all the strength the French can bring together oa that side. I shall expect ) our friend Mv. Istei from Cologne ; and though our operation:; should not turn that way you mention, of which I see no great pro- C 73 ] bability, however I shall be very glad of hi$ instructions, and to shew him the respect I shall always pay to every thing that bears your re commendation. Our letters from England are generally five or six days between this and the Brill, wayting allways the ordinary Dutch post, and we have none since those of the 9th April, so that I reckon your intelligence from thence is very near -s fresh as ours. Enclosed you have a list of all our land force? in England, which shall be folio w'd by a like list of our forces on this side in few days. I am, with great sincerity, Sir, &c, A. CARDONNEL. P. S. I observe your directions to Mons. Conondon, at Berlin. LETTER LI I. From the same to the same. Thursday, 6 in the morning, \Olh May, 1703. Sir,— I send this by an express going through Wesel to the Hague, to acquaint you with thfe good news of our being masters of the forL Our battery began to play upon it yesterday morning, and having by night made a sufficient breach, we were preparing for an assault, which the enemy perceiving, set fire to their casernes and retired into the Ravelin upon the river, in hopes to have got from thence with the help of » [ 74 "1 little boats into the town, as many of them did ; but our men entered sword in hand, kill'd above a dozen, and took thirty prisoners, among which are the comandant and three officers more. We immediatly set 1200 men at work to make a battery in the fort against the town, which we hope may be ready against to-morrow night. I am ever, &c. A. CARDONNEL. You'l have a line from my Lord Duke by the ordinary post. LETTER LIII. From the same to the same. Camp before Mastricht, the 22dMay, 1703. Sir, — The hurry we were in upon our leaving Bon will have prevented, I am afraid, your re ceiving' the good news of the surrender of that place so soon as I cou'd wish ; for I find Mr. Watkins committed your letter to the post att large, without covering it to Berlin, as I always do. You have here a continuance of our jour nal; to which I shall only add, that we are preparing to march to-morrow or Thursday, in order to oblige the enemy to retire, for there is no attacking them in their present camp without too great disadvantage. We shall march, I reckon, the first day towards Liege ; and the second, if the French dont move, may probably [ 75 ] post ourselves between them and Namur, where they have their chief magazin ; and then 'tis thought necessity will force them to inarch towards Louvain for subsistance. Our army on the Rhine will be goin?; down soon towards Flanders with the artillery. So' that there is an end of the project on the Moselle ; and indeed it cannot reasonably be expected we should ex pose our own country, nor the hazard of an eschecq.and of loosing the whole campagne, for those that seem still asleep or in a lethargy under the most apparent danger of ruin. As soon as our army is gott down to the Rhine, I suppose we shall not long remain idle, but of that I can say nothing yett. You will have the particu lars of the French garrison marching out from Bon, from the Bishop of Raal and Count Zin- sendorff. We have heard nothing from thence since we came away, more then that they did not evacuate the place till Saturday, and that great numbers quitted the French service. I am ever, dear Sir, &c. A. CARDONNEL. LETTER LIV. From the same to the tame. Camp near Joncres, 28th May, 1703. Sir, — I think I have not the honour of any to acknowledge from you for some time, and [ 70 ] what I shall now add to the enclosed paper is only that our march from Mastricht has had all the success we could expect, the enemy having been obliged to pull in their horns and to retire. In my Lord Duke's absence there has been delays in hastening away the troops from Bon, which looses us some few days in »n ill time; but the enemy will very soon find themselves oblig'd to send detachments for Flanders and Braband, and then will be necessitated to retire into their lines, and leave us entire masters of the field ; and you may depend upon it, if the left wing will follow the right, you will have all the good news you can expect from these parts. 'Twas not without difficulty we got them to stirr from Mastricht; and they were so timorous, that though we marcht with bagg and baggage, they left their equipage at Mastricht, which came up last night. If it could have been possible for my Lord Duke to have been at two places at the same time, our troops had made more haste from Bon for Flandeis than they are like to do; how ever, they will soon be alarm'd from that side. Our army is in great heart, and the retreat of the French has put new life into our troops, so that we only want an opportunity to joyn them with faire play, and I dare answer for it you v. ill have a good account of us; I only fear they will leave us an open field, and no opportunity to play our parts. The scene is perfectly chang'd since the last war. Mv Lord Duke's name is a greater [ " 1 buggbeare to the French, then Luxemburg's wa« to us the last war. The gentlemen that are come in from the neighbourhood tell us they have perfectly changed their tone within these few days, and are quite down in the mouth. We pretend nothing less than Antwerp and Osteiid this campaigne, but the delays of our friends from Bon may prevent us the latter. If you can do any thing in Germany, all is our own. I am, in haste, &c. A. CARDONNEL. LETTER LV. From the same to the same. Camp at Vorrolare, the 18th July, 1703. Sir, — By what was covered to you on Mun- day by the way of the Hague, you will find we have not much news to send you. We have been idle here this good while, the Dutch hav ing promised that before this a great train of artillery should be leady, with which we were, in conjunction with the other army, to have attackt the lines, according to the result of the confe rence att Bergen, but I see noappearance of its being put in execution yet; on the contrary, you will find by the inclosed, which I send purely for your own information, that the generalls in Flanders are altogether by the ears, that our projects on that side are at an end; and that t 78 ] Coehorn refuses absolutely to serve tinder Hongenbourg. If there be any manner of pro bability of success, we may still attempt forcing the lines, to come att Antwerp. When that is over, 'tis likely we may return from whence we came, take in Huy and Leinbourg, and, it may be, send a detatchment to the Moselle, when it may be too late. I wish I could hear that your A. D. (archduke) were moving this way. You know the Queen has ratified the treaty, and that we are preparing a fleet to transport him; but the Dutch are not so ready on their part; they insist that they are not able to give more than one third to that expedition, and we are as positive on the other side, that they must come in equal thirds. The contributions they have gott in the Pais de Waes will more than answer the difference. You see the situation we are in; what the consequence will be, God Almighty knows ; but I am very apprehensive it will not answer the expectation of our friends in England, and that we shall have fowle weather att home this winter. We have been forc'd to add a good number of our ships to the Mediterranean squadron, for want of the Dutch furnishing their quota. I have the honour of yours ofthe 27th, but you forgot to enclose the cypher. My Lord Duke has likewise the extract of yours of the same date to Mr. Secretary Hedges. I am ever, dear Sir, A. CARDONNEL. [ 79 ] I think the Hague will be the most proper for you to direct your letters to, till you hear we are mov'd backward. I need not tell you that Mr. Stanhope is going to be a Commissioner of Customs, and that Sir Phillip Meadows, jun. succeeds him at the Hague. We don't fancy here we shall gett much by the changes, since Comte Moorsfeldt has the advantage. Pray do me the favour to give me your thoughts on this point. LETTER LVI. From the same to the same. Camp at Calwynhort, 30th July, 1703. Sir, — Two days since we received altogether your letters of the4th, 7th, 11th, and 12th instant, and have laid before his Grace the severall enclo sures, besides the letters to himself of the 4th and 7th. I am afraid mine came to you at the same rate, since we have no other conveyance while we are in these ports but by the Hague, whither I dispatch constantly twice a week for you. Asfarr as I can find, we are yet very unsettled what measures to take for the rest of the campagne. My Lord Duke went yesterday as farr as Lillo to meet Monsieur Coehoorn, and try whether he could persuade him to go on with the design I 80 ] against Ostend, for which the deputys of the States here seem very well inclin'd, but I per ceive it will be very difficult to bring the old gentleman over, he has other projects in his head for Flanders, that cannot be approv'd off, so that in all probability We shall be soon returning to wards the Maes again; and, it may be, thinking of the Moselle when it will be realy too late. Our fleet will certainly be ready for the Archduke before he can arrive, if you send him this way ; our land forces I mean. Our quota may likewise be in a pretty good state of for wardness, but Iknow not what to say of our neigh bours; they seem still to insist upon furnishing but their third. You will have heard that the Duke of Schonburg- commands this expedition, and that he is training a regiment of twenty troops of dragoons, all French refugees; this will no doubt be a very good corps, since 'twill be composed, for the main part, of old officers and soldiers, but I fear they will not be very acceptable to the Portuguese. This regiment will make upwards of 1300 men, officers and soldiers, and are to supply our proportion of horse. I hope you will soon have some tydings of our fleet in the Mediterranean. I am ever, Sirf A. CARDONNEL. [ si 3 LETTER LVII. [ From the same to the same. Helchin the 28th Aug* 1706. ' Sir, — I have the favour of your letter of ] 4th instant, and return you now the papers for the allowance to Mons. Schruder and his Se cretary, as you desire. I have left the com mencement, blank, for you to fill up, as believing they might be contented to take it from Midsum mer, though I have no particular directions" about it, so that you are entirely master to do as you judge most proper. It is certain the Dutch are not capable of bearing prosperity with any moderation, tho' I should not much blame them for being very Warm with the Court of Vienna, if it were likely to do any good. My Lord Raby is with us still, but designs to be going to-morrow towards Berlin, to take his leave of that court. He shew'd me yester day a private letter from Secretary Harley, wherein he offers him to succeed you, and con cludes his letter, that he only expected his answer to send him his revocation and his cre- dentialls, at the same time, for Vienna. His Excellency was pleased to let me see the return he made on Thursday. It was a long letter but the most material to us was three points he G r 82 ] insisted upon. The first, being declar'd a privy counsellor, as a natural consequence of his em bassy ; the second, to continue the same appoint ments ; and the third, to have the character of plenipotentiary joyn'd to that of envoy extra ordinary. I am apt to think they will find some means to satisfy him, and that he will be your successor. I only wish he were already there, and you were on your way hither. I am ever, dear Sir, &c. A. CARDONNEL. LETTER LVIII. From the same to the same. Termonde, Sept. 8, 1706. Sir,— I received here this morning, from Helchin, the favour of your letter of the 21st past. As soon as Baron Staffhorst sends me the instrument you mention, I shall return it to him sign'd and seal'd. Baron Onstein's recommendations I believe will have little effect, for, if I mistake not, either Lieut. -General Wintervelt or Major-General Wranglehave that government continued to him, by the capitulation of the garrison of Antwerp ; but these are the effects of sending such brutes on messages. You may believe he was none of my Lord Duke's own choice, but impos'd upon [ 83 ] his good-nature by his master Hompesch, as the other was by his father. I am apt to think the Emperor will be soon weary of the war in Hungary, and wish he had taken more pacifick measures. The allies have no reason to be concern'd at whatever mischief may happen to him on that side ; it's likely he may soon find his error, and wish he had made better use of your mediation, when it is too late. I am a little concern'd for my 30001. in Silesia, or else I did not care what mischief they did. I should be very glad Wratislaw would say nothing to you upon what I mentioned to you by my last in cypher. I long till you own the receipt of mine of the 14th, to know how you rellish your coming into this country. I hope you may be setting forward in fourteen days, or little more. We came hither on Thursday evening. Two batteries, one of five guns and the other of four, had been playing two or three days, upon two redoubts at the Brussels and Antwerp ports, which incommode our approaches ; these are in a manner ruined, and yesterday morning we began to fire from our batteries, consisting of thirty-six pieces of cannon and fifteen mortars, upon the town. They have already had such success, that I find the generality of our officers flatter themselves the garrison will be oblig'd to capitulate to-morrow or Tuesday. My Lord Duke design'd to have return'd to the army g 2 C 84 1 yesterday; but the desire his Grace has to see the event, has kept him here to-day, and its likely may do so to-morrow. I am ever, dear Sir, &c. A. CARDONNEL. P. S. Alt tenn this morning the garrison beat the Chamode to desire honorable conditions, which being refus'd them, they pretended to do mighty matters; but after a great deal of parling, att fitfe this afternoon they surrender'd prisoners at warr, and immediately deliver'd to us the Malines port. They march out on Tuesday to be conducted to Holland. We don't yet know their numbers, but we have not lost 50 menr kill'd or wounded, in the whole siege. LETTER LIX. From the Duke of Shrewsbury* to Mr. Stepney. Rome, 28th July, 1703. Sir, — I have the favour of yours ofthe 14th. By the relations I have seen from different parts * From the following series of confidential letters to Mr. Step ney, it appears that the Duke of Shrewsbury maintained his re solution (expressed in his letter to Mr. Vernon) of withdrawing •from public concerns ; and that be took no official part in the business of Goverment for some years. But his patriotism was not extinguished; and his correspondence with Mr. Stepney at Vienna evinces, that, during his absence from his country, he was still alive to. its interests, and ready to promote them, by giying any useful information, and executing any, political com- C 85 ] of the action near Antwerp,f I doubt our friends have been beaten, tho' not so much as might have been expected from so great an inequality in number ; and if after this they do not under take something answerable to the expectation they had raised of themselves, the bonnfires they have made for a victory will deceive few. I am gladd to hear the treaty with Portugall is rati fy ed; and I hope it will be resolved, that the DukeJ bend his course that way, which will be more for the publick interest and his own, which in this particular, I believe, are near the same. mission in which his interference would be serviceable. Old- mixon seems to think that the Duke's whiggism underwent an evaporation in Italy; and says, "that he was not so much in the esteem of good Englishmen in the latter, as he had been in the former, part of his life."— P. 194. He afterwards adds, that, (after Harley had procured the Duke to be made Lord Cham berlain in 1710,) " notwithstanding his great zeal for the revolu tion, and the confidence King William had in him the first years of his reign, many persons of penetration discovered a great abatement of that zeal after Smith's business was laid before the House of Lords, and especially after the Duke returned with an Italian wife from Rome." p. 446. See also Tindal's Continuation, vol. iv. 187. The Duke's alleged change of principles, however, was, possibly, nothing more than that political moderation, at which every man of sense and reflection will arrive, after having had much experience of the folly and danger of faction ; and ofthe selfish motives which too frequently lurk under the surface of fervid political zeal. The most objectionable and most sus picious act ofhis political lifewas, his vote in favour of Sacheverel. t This was the battle of Eckeren fought the latter end of June 1703; in which the allies had rather the advantage, though their force was only 10,000 opposed to 30,000 French. % The Archduke Charles, 2d son of Leopold, Emperor of Ger many, declared King of Spain, in 17Q3. [ 86 ] The Count de Lambery told me two days ago, that it was determin'd that he shou'd take upon him the title of the King of Spaine. It is said and believed by many, that upon account of this late dispute between the German Ambassadour and this Court, that the Emperor may be prevailed on to remove him. I should think that an expedient very contrary both to his honour and interest, especially if it be in tended, as some report, to send an ecclesiastick in his room, who will never want temptation and inclination to flatter and comply with these priests, more than the present circumstances of the Emperour's affaires seem to permit. This man knows this Court better than a new one would do ; and if there be any correspondency s in the neighbouring countrys in favour of the house of Austria, great part of them have gone through his hands, and people are unwilling to trust another. The Comte de Lambery is very well esteemed, and extreamly beloved here. The chiefe fault I have observed objected to him is, that he is too mild and good for this Court, which I think rather comes from the knowledge of his own, than from any remissness in his temper, enough inclined to shew these priests the respect they owe his master, if he believed he should be supported at Vienna. I find him more desirous to remaine in this post of trouble and expence than I imagined; and think to have discovered his aim to be the hopes [ 87 ] of concluding his foreign negociations, with being at the head of that ambassy, which shall treat the peace. The Compts Strack and Cau- nitz, whom he esteemes his friends, have given him assurances of their good offices. I look upon him to be a man of good sense and much application, excellent temper and nature, and oi very great honour ; all which qualitys, joyn'd to a long experience in foreign affaires, might make him very fit for such a post ; but that time is not very near yet. I reflect that it is nothing but my great idle ness which makes me entertaine you with these matters, in which I have so little to do. Pardon the trouble, and believe me ever, Sir, yours, &c. SHREWSBURY. Since the Dutch squadron joyn'd Sir C. Shovel,* now above a month since, we shall soon * Sir Cloudesley Shovel was one of the greatest sea com manders of the age in which he lived, or of any other times. He was born in the county of Suffolk, of mean parentage; and having an early inclination for the sea, entered himself as a cabin boy under Sir Christopher Mingo. He was soon advanced to the rank of lieutenant, and distinguished himself in that capacity under Sir John Narborough, before Tripoli, 14th January, 1673-4. For his gallantry in Bantry Bay, on the 1st of May 1689, when com mander of the Edgar, he received the honour of knighthood, and was soon after advanced to the dignity of a flag-officer. Several considerable commands were subsequently bestowed upon him, in all which he signalized himself for his bravery, prudence, and success. His career of glory, however, was fatally ter minated on the 22d Oct. 1707, when at eight o'clock at night, his fleet struck on the Scilly rocks, and a large part of it was lost, together with its gallant but unfortunate commander. For an account of the shipwreck, see Tindal's Continuation, vol. iv. p. 28. t ,88 J hear their resolutions, whether they come this way or no. It is unlucky that our letters are interrupted by the Bavarians, which used to come the straight way from Holland. Wee must now expect them by Vienna. The last letters from Toulon speak as if the French would not be able to man more than 20 ships in these seas. LETTER LX. Ft om the same to the same. Rome, 28th July, 1703. Sir, — Since I made up my letter of this day, the Emperor's Ambassadour has communicated to me an affaire of great importance, and may be of great advantage to the publick cause, if the Court where you are* will abate of their usual phlegm, and strike whilst the iron is hot, without giving the French time to work and countreplot. He says he has writt to you at large upon this subject ; but has hunted me all over the towne this night, that I might write these few lines to you, which I do, rather to comply with his desires, than that I think it the least necessary. You know the consequence of the thing proposed, and the necessity of taking speedy resolutions, not to do your part with all the dilligence and zeal imaginable. The matter- * Mr, Stepney was now the British resident at Vienna. L 89 ] he has lay'd before you, so I shall not repeat it ; but it. being very late, and I in a conversation of ladys, where he has found me out, I shall only ask pardon for this second trouble, and re- maine, &c. SHREWSBURY. LETTER LXI. From the same to the same. Rome, 4th Aug. 1703. With the favour of yours of the 21st July, I understand the journey ofthe A. Duke is setled, but the time is something late; but, however, the old proverb here is true, better late than never. You will have heard by my last that the French are not able to set out such a fleet in the Medi terranean, as they bragg'd they would, at least if our intelligence here be true, which I will not answer for ; all I know is from Sir L. Black- well ; and it seems strange, that having received a recruit of five great ships with Coetlagon, and eight others with La Villette, all well manned from the ocean, that they at Toulon should have difficulty to make up the number 20. I confess I am in paine 'till I hear what is resolved about Shovel's squadron. I delivered your message to the Comte Lam bery, who is impatient 'till he hears some cer tainty of the departure of the fleet for these seas, [ 90 ] a resolution upon which I believe many fine pro jects have been form'd. I wish the tenth part of them may succeei. He discoursed againe concerning the pro posal he writt himself, and desired me to write about this day sevenight. If they be in earnest and sincere, he thinks their demands not so un. reasonable, but that some agreement might be formed upon them soon, I think I have dis covered he would be gladd to have the com mission granted to himself, to treat the matter here with the person who proposed it first to; him ; but this is merely my ghess. The first proposer is a very free talker, and discovers himself so openly to be of the German party, that, considering his station, and the circum stances of his country, makes me sometimes doubt his sincerity, and sometimes his prudence, tho' here he has a very good reputation for both. If any progress be made in this busy- nesse, one shall see his drift; but the manner of beginning it seemed to me odd and abrupt. I hope the D. of Schomberg will do Portugall as srood service this war as his father did the last. Wee are told the P. of Darmstad will have the King of Portugall' s commission for general of his troopes. If the Dutch deputys and generalls be as brisk as you sny ours designs to be, wee may soon hear of some great action in Flanders ; but by the experience I have of them, I am much de- [ 91 J ceived if they take such a. counsel ; and I doubt Ave may see this summer pass over in these parts with less success than we promised ourselves some months since. It is most certaine that the Court pf Vienna have entertained such notions of revolutions in Naples and Sicily, upon the appearance of our fleet, that that is one of the maine reasons they defer the A. Duke's departure; till the end of this month you say, but I can assure you it is pot intended till some time in September. If the fleet do come, I conclude it will be im possible to hasten that Prince's journev sooner; and I should hope, that the succours wee send from England would not expect him, but be sent to be there, and act at the time concerted. The loss of a month or two in that season might be of fatal consequence, and an ugly discourage ment to the P. of Portugal at first setting out ; but in case you should have any account that our fleet do not come this season into these seas, then perhaps the Emperor might be prevailed on to dispatch the A. Duke assoon as possible : in short, wee have a scurvy proverb in England about two stooles; and so I take my leave, assuring j ou that I am ever, &c. SHREWSBURY. [ 92 ] LETTER LXII. From the same to the same. Rome, 11th Aug. 1703. Sir, — I am in paine that, when you have other busyness of consequence, you should give yourself the trouble of writing to me. I per ceive by yours of the 28th you had been em ployed cyphering and uncyphering, which, I remember, is a very tedious troublesome busy ness. 1 hope the person that gave you that fatigue will succeed well in his negotiation. From England they write to me of it, (and those who ought to know,) as if it were a thing almost sure. At the same time they mention some hopes of the same matter the Compte de Lam bery writt to you about two or three days ago^ from whence I conjecture the Minester there must have made some overture, or given some hopes in the same manner the Minester did here to him. Of five posts which were wanting from England, I had four this week; but the last being still behind, I have no notion of Sir Clo. Shovel's being sail'd. From other hands I understand he left St. Helen's on the 12th July, N. S. If the wind served to carry him out of the channel (which the French say it did not), wee shall soon hear of him in these seas. The squadron he comes with is so strong, that I believe he need fear nothing at present at Toulon. What the French may hereafter send from their C 93 ] ports in the ocean, I cannot tell ; but hope Wee shall take care to be well informed in England, and endeavour to reinforce him accordingly. I wish the matters on this side of the world, so much depended on at Vienna, do not faile for want of bein^- well concerted. I am satisfied there is, in several places, all the good dispo sitions could be desired ; and wee shall soon see what the effect will be; if not as is expected, I I forsee the hopes will do as great prejudice in other places, by inclining the Emperor to delay the departure of the A. Duke, till he sees what becomes of the many fine projects they have made for him on this side of the world. I am, &c. SHREWSBURY. r r LETTER LXIII. From the same to the same. Rome, 18th Aug. 1703. Sir, — I have the favour of yours of the 4th. If Sir C. Shovel got out of the channel when he sail'd on the ^th July, wee may expect to hear of him soon in these seas; in the mean time the affaires of Tyrol keep us in sus- pence ; and till I hear the D. of Vendom be returned, I shall never be confident the Elec. and he will not joyn, tho the atempt, 1 confess/ seems not very probable. I. believe the Compt t 9'4 ] de Lambery could be as angry as another,*if lie thought it a proper time; but whilst the French are masters of Milan and Naples,* and have a force in Italy superiour to the Germans, believe me this court will not much value bigg words from the Emperor's ambassadour. It is a rule with them to be ofthe strongest side. Let the Emperor show his to be so, and then see if these priests do not change their manners. The Ambassadour tells me that you design to accompany the A. Duke; if so, I wish you a good journey, but shall be sorry if it be not my good fortune to find you at Vienna, when I may pass that way. In returne to your English Samson, I send you a Roman one, and am, &c. SHREWSBURY. The Compte de Lambery tells us the treaty with Savoy is concluded, at which the French seem in a manner stunned. LETTER LXIV. From the same to the same. Rome, 25th Aug. 1703. SiR, — I have no letter from you this post, and understand that nobody but the Emperour's ambassador has letters this ordinary from Vienna, by which wee conclude they came into [ 95 ] Venice so late, that those for private persons were not delivered out in time to be forwarded by that night's post to the ambassadour. I would hear what answer was return'd to the proposal made this day three weeks from hence. I know he had a conference with the proposer two days ago, but what passed between them I. have not learnt, but conclude you will be inform'd by what he writes to-night. In my own mind I can never imagine that the person who made the overture, did it on his own head, tho' he may not have leave as yet to own the contrarv; and if the matter sticks only upon that, for sav ing of time, (very precious in this conjunc ture,) I should think the Emperor might send a power to the ambassadour, not to be made use of, unless he were assured the first proposer had directions to make the step he had made, from his superiours; in that case, then, the minester of the Emperor, here or there, or where shall be thought best, might have instructions and power to propose, without sending againe to Vienna, and expecting an answer. I suggest this, ex- treamely in the dark, I confess, because I know not what answer the Count Lambery has had upon the question he was ordered to ask. The report ofthe treaty concluded with Savoy cooles very much ; and the ambassadour talks more doubtfully of it than he did the last week, which Ihope, and imagine, proceeds rather from his being conscious he had divulged it too soon, [ 96 ] than from any uncertainty of the truth of the fact; however, either way, his policy in pub* lishing it so soon has met Avith no great applause. I have placed in Sir Lambert Blackwell's hands the relation you sent me to be conveyed to Sir Cloudesley Shovel ; that is, I have sealed it up in a packet directed for the admiral, with a letter to him myself, to acquaint him from whome I had it; and Sir Lambert assures me it shall be sent to the Secretary With the first opportunity. The person sent from Vienna is arrived at Leghorn; and another Modenese, who calls himself Count Gerrardi, is gone thither from hence. It is hard to know which is the most imprudent of the two, the one here or the other there, doing nothing all day but bragging of their commissions and errand. If things are so ripe that they will do of themselves, all will do well ; but if the Duke's success depends on good management, or managers, they are in a hopeless condition. - The Baroness Heyden has this week entered into a monestry here, where the Pope pays her pension. I hear she talks of a further step and becoming religious. The lady who conducted her in her coach to the Convent, told me the separation cost Ferdinando floods of tears, but the Baroness bore it like an heroine; and every morning writes a billet to the lady her friend, to express her content in this retreat. The Count de Tholouse has been some time at i 97 ] Toulon, busy in putting out ships; whether it be with intention to oppose -us in these seas, or to go for the ocean and join the ships at Brest, and endeavour to make head against the fleet designed for Portugall, or neither one or the other, time Avill shew ; but for my part, I am inpaine where our squadron is to be this winter, but hope our wise men in England know, and then it is well enough. Wee have no news of the squadron yet, though it be near forty days since it left Tor Bay. It is time for my politicks to end with my paper, and to conclude, Sir» &c. SHREWSBURY. LETTER LXV. From the same to the same. Rome, 20th Oct. 1703. Sir,— ^1 have the favour of yours of the 29th of Sept. but so ruined with wet, that the cover did not so much as remaine. C. B rough- ton* found it with the prints and newspapers at the oost-house, and sent them to me loose in his cover. I really think this might be occasioned by the weather ; but the former trick remaines so much on my stomach, that I think one ought •Britiih Consul at Venice. H [ 98 ] to write nothing by that post one would be sorry should be read in the Senate. Compte Lambery is come back, and appeares perfectly satisfy'd with the indispensable neces sity the Admiral was under to return forthwith, and especially pleased with Sir Cloudsly 's hearty sincere way of speaking. I perceive our sea officers and the Dutch do not agree over well. I wish the losses the States have received at sea, their vast expence in the war, and the ill state of the Emperor's affaires in Germany, not good either on the Rhine or the Danube, worse in Hungary, but worst of all from Turkey, in case they should begin a new Avar, I say, I wish these mellancholy prospects do not incline them to a peace, before things are ripe for it ; unless some extraordinary success and revolution hap pen in Spain, to encourage them to continue the war, which, I hope, is probable upon the new King's arrival ; and the rather, since Sir C. Shovel assures me, that being obliged to Avater at Altea, in the kingdom of Valencia, the inhabitants Avere so glad to see him, that many ofthe clergy, magistrates, and gentlemen, came aboard him, expressing their joy and civility, in so much as to say, that if the governour should go about to interrupt him in his takeing waters, they would send him his head; and declared they did not believe there were a hundred men in the whole kingdom of Valencia who were for [ 99 ] the Duke of Anjou.* The fleet say led from Leghorn on the 13th. Pray Goo send them safe home, for they have a bad sea and season to pass. I doubt their coming here, and returning in this manner, will dispirit the well affected in Naples, &c. Sec. and doe no great credit to our sea expe ditions; after haveing made our enemys in these parts tremble for three yeares, with the ex pectation ofthe fleet, ourmountaine has brought forth- something less than a mouse. The begin ning of this week the Marquis of Huntley arrived here from Venice, and on Sunday the Duke of Norfolk and his brother from Florence, • Since nothing of Savona is mention'd in the treaty with Savoy, care will be taken, I con clude, to assure the Genoese of the truth, who may justly be alarmed Avhilstthey suspect the contrary. Since I know I shall have the satisfaction to find you at Vienna, it will be a great induce ment to me to pass that way, and assure you how much I am, ice. SHREWSBURY. LETTER LXVI. From the same to the same. Rome, 21th Oct. 1703. Sir, — I have the favour of yours of the 6th, and perceive the rebells in Hungary grow every * Grandson of Lewis XIV.; rival of the Archduke Charles for the crown of Spain; and declared King of Spain, under the title H 2 t 100 J day more formidable : in short, between them, the Turks, the French, and the Bavarians, the affaires in Germany have so mellancholy an aspect, that I do not see what can save the Emperor from the utmost extremity the next campagne, unless some suddain and great suc cess in Spain, which may awe his enemy s nearer home, and frighten the Turk into a continuation ofthe peace. I have just now read the M. d'Usson's relation of the battle near Hockstedt, which makes it a terrible defeet on the side of the Germans, and says the French have 4000 prisoners, besides canon and bagage. People here cry out loudly against P. Lewis's conduct* this year, and say things so foul that I do not only not believe, but forbear to repeat. Friends and foes do give such a ridicule to the expedition of our fleet into these seas, that, as an Englishman, I am out of countenance to go into company, being always asked one question too knotty for me to answer, why they Avere at the expence and trouble of Philip V. on the 16th Nov. 1700. The rival claim of these two persons occasioned the celebrated war of the succession. * The Emperor's force was now so broken into small armies, in different places, that he had not one good one any where. He had none at all in the Tyrol ; and all that Prince Lewis of Baden could do, was to watch the motion of Marshal de Villars; but he did not dare to attack him, even during this separation. His conduct was very much blamed : some called his courage, and others his fidelity, in question.— Lediard's Life of Marl- borough, v. i. p. 181, [ 101 ] of comeing so far only to take water at Leghorn ? The letters from that port tell us, that a tender from that fleet is returned thither, Avhich was sepa rated from them in bad weather; and that ever since their departure they have had contrary winds. The Bern Gazette in the article from London ofthe 2d Sept. S.N. says, our Queen has Avritt to the Pope, to desire her ships may have leave to victuall in his ports, in case they have need ; here they have say'd the same for some months, and that the D. of Norfolk is sent as a minester, there is nothing too ridiculous for some to print, and others to believe. I am, Sir, &c. SHREWSBURY. LETTER LXVII. From the same to the same. Rome, 3d Nov. 1703. Sir, — I have the favour of yours of the 13th Oct. The Duke of Savoy has done like most cunning men, taken a great deal of pains, and some discredit, to do his busyness Averse than he might have done it in the plaine, honest way. The French pretend to have given a blow to the detachment of horse Compte Staremberg made for the Piedmont; but if they pass on, and unite with the Duke of Savoy's troops, as it is hoped they may, it is a sign the damage was not great ; and I presume they will hearten [ 102 ] his Highness to stick fast to his last treaty, tho' I hear he is highly offer'd, and threateh'd to the contrary. I am told from good hands that an apartment at Court is preparing for the Pope's nephew, noAv canon of St. Peter's, Avhich is looked upon as a step towards his being a cardinal, and coming into busyness, a thing much pressed and desired by the French. And it begins already to be the mode to say, that a nephew is absolutely necessary, as a person so united in interest Avith the Pope, that by no other channel he can be sure to come to a faithful relation of such thing-s in the government, as are necessary for a Prince to know. I can hear no tidings from Venice of your letter of the 1 1th Aug. more than that Consul Broughton says he had no packet from Vienna of that date; if so, his and mine and all must have been stopt, and not the packet gutted as you imagined. You are sure you did not put it in Compte Lambery 's cover, Avhich I at first thought not improbable, since, if you remember, I writt two letters to you, one by the ordinary post, before I knew of the proposition made, the other in hast at his request, which I sent to be pat into his packett, because he pretended to send it a more safe and expeditious way than by the ordinary post. Contrary winds pursue our fleet, as if they were as unwilling to send it back as to bring it. [103 ] Not long since it was not far from Corsica. I am, &c. SHREWSBURY. LETTER LXVIII. From the same lo the same. Rome, 10th Nov. 1703. Sir, — -When you writt yours of the 20th Oct. I perceive you were in the same humour I Avas, when I first heard the fleet was order'd to returne. I understand that in England they reckoned upon their haveing a quicker passage, and that in 20 or 30 days stay they Avould be able to do mighty matters. I hope we count better, and go on surer grounds in our Spanish expedition; if wee do not, 1 doubt wee must prepare soon for an ugly peace. I make no doubt but Mr. Montague will have given you an account of the ill success of the German detachment of horse, who attempted to go into Piedmont. No butter sticks upon our bread this year ; I hope wee shall have better luck the next. From all parts of the world the condition of our affaires lookes black ; but if towards Spain it clears up, that may influence the whole, and in a few days make such a change as from no other place could be done in yeares. I forgot to tell you, that this day sevenight Prince Vahini is come out of the Castle St. [ 104 ] Angelo, but confined to Orvieto, a city in the Pope's state. Landaw is besieged, and I suppose taken before this. Our friends the Germans have made a sad figure this campagne upon the Rhine, and a worse on the Danube. Their army here they say wants money miserably. I am, &c. SHREWSBURY. LETTER LXIX. From the same to the same. Rome, \lth Nov. 1703. Sir, — J. am to acknowledge the favour of yours ofthe 27th Oct, What you have writt to Co, Lam. ought to satisfy him upon that matter ; and whether it dos or no 1 am little concerned, more than to thank you for your care. I sayd something to him to the same subject, the onely time I have seen him since his return from his expedition to Leghorn, not by way of excuse, but for his information. I understand they have it current from England, that I was here makeing such a treaty, Avhich, I suppose, comes from the Gazettes d la main of this towne, and Avas occa sioned by the German Ambassadorgivingamusick at a lady's house where I go very often, and bring ing with him the Venitian Ambassadour.; at which rime it happened that the Marquis Querini was present. The French agents did not faile imme- L 105 ] diately to put it in the FoyliettI, that we were there treating a league ; tho' not one word was sayd of politicks in the whole conversation ; and it could not be imagined the meeting was designed a secret, since both the Ambassadours came together from a play at the Jesuits coledge, with their coaches of ceremony, and all their gentlemen. Besides, this first meeting was some weeks before the Venitian Ambassador made the proposal!, which has been since the occasion of giveing you so much trouble. I am gladd to find your mind is quieted upon the fleet's returne. It is not its returne that I blame, but its comeing, when it was aparent there was no time to do any thing. Here they do us the honor to esteem our conduct so much better than the Germans, that all conclude the fleet returned because the. Ambassador was not able to show the Admiral any good grounds he had to hope for a revolution, either at Naples or in Sicily; and because they had promised troupes to embark, and they had none ready, without which any attempt was vain. The sad circumstances of Gen. Visconti's de tachment you will have from Sir L. Blackwell bettei than I can tell it you. I perceive the Court of Vienna promises won ders the next year in Italy, and the P. Eugene to execute them. I wish their ill success in the mean time do not discourage our new ally, whose countrey, I doubt, both on this and the [ 106 ] other side the Alps, will be much exposed to the French all this winter. I have small expectation that Venice will come into good measures with the Emperor and his AUys. They are too much awd by France, otherwise they do not want pretext, since the French have violated their yirgin gulph, and plunder our ships in their very ports, and with out any difficulty, in the Adriatick ; at the same time, if I do not mistake, Avee and all strangers pay a kind of duty to them in that sea, Avhich is understood to be for the protection they give to all ships, which if they are no longer able to maintain, they ought not at least to rest satisfy'd with those who rob them of it; nor expect any duty from our ships, upon account of a security they are no longer able to give them. But as I have sayd before, tho' I expect little good from these gentlemen, I do not com prehend why the Emperor makes a difficulty of dispatching powers to his Ambassador here to treat, since he at Venice, I perceive, is not agreeable to the Republic. Wee have no kind pf news in this towne; so I conclude, Sir, &c. SHREWSBURY. LETTER LXX. From the same to the same. Rome, 2d Dec. 1 703. Sir, — At the same time I received yours of the 3d of Nov, from Vienna, I saw other letters [ 107 J ofthe 10th, which assured me of your departure for England. If you writt any thing to me yourself upon that subject, it isstopt, I suppose, at the usual place. I write no>v onely to wish you a good journey, and suppose this will come to congTatulate your 6afe arrivall. The French tell us of a terrible blo-t they have given to the P. of Hess, and that Landtw is taken. I hope the first is not so bad as they make it; yet if the second be true 1 doubt it is bad enough. Livio desires me to remind yon of something about him, which he explained no further to me, saying you would understand. They say you design being back at Vienna in two months, to which I give small credit. If, during your stay in England, you are ever so kind to favour me, Mr. Yard writes to me every week, and will enclose your letter, to Sir, &c. SHREWSBURY, LETTER LXXI. From the same to the same. Rome 19th Jan. 1704, N. 8. Sir, — I give you many thanks for the favour of yours of the 22d December, from the Hague. J hope this will find you safU in England from [ 108 ] storms and enemys. What you say is designed for these parts next year, will be very wellcome when it comes. But between you and I, I a little doubt it ; and more, whether it will signify much when it dos come, unless affaires in Spaine go with such a swing, as will make every thing succeed. It is certain that our new King has begun his expedition with a very unlucky blast of wind ; but on the one side it was great good fortune that his Majesty, was ashore at that time ; and besides, t remember very well that something of the same nature hapned to our late master at his first embarking for England, and yet, in the consequence, his success was so good, that I should content myself, if the King of Spaine have the like. This place affords no news, but that Cardinal Jansen is ill of a feaver; what concerns the Germans' march to unite with the Duke of Savoy, you will have much fresher from other hands. My Lord Huntingdon arrived here this week, andtalkes of passing the summer at Rome. In a former letter, Dom Livio, I told you, desired me to put you in mind of him. I know not the busyness, but he sayd such a word would be sufficient ; and I now re peat it, least the other may have miscary'd. I am, Sir, &c. SHREWSBURY- [ 109 1 LETTER LXXII. From the same to the same. Rome, 12th April 1704. Sir, — I am favoured this post with two of your letters, that of the 22d and 29th of March ; had the first come last week in its regular course, wee should have remained eight days in great paine to hear the rebells were burning so near Vienna,* and not known how successfully they had been repulsed by Gen. Heister. I fear the death of Gen. Cohornf will be a great loss, and much doubt whether wee or the Dutch have * On the 2d April, 1704, Count Wratislaw, envoy extraor dinary from the Court of Vienna to that of Great-Britain, pre sented a memorial to Queen Anne, importing, " That having at " several times represented to her Majesty's Ministers, by word " of mouth, the pressing necessities of the empire, by the break- " ing in of a considerable army of French into Bavaria ; which, " together with the insurrection in Hungary, had reduced the " imperial hereditary countries' into an incredible perplexity " and confusion, so that it was to be feared an entire revolution " and desolation of all Germany would follow, if some speedy " assistance were not applied, proportionable to the great dan- " gers they were threatened with.'' The Queen's answer im ported, that "the Duke of Marlborough had orders to take the " most effectual methods, in conjunction with the States-General, " to take immediate measures to rescue Germany from the immi- " nent dangers it was exposed to." That this declaration was sincere, and the measures taken to execute it were judicious, was evinced by the battles of Schellenberg and Blenheim, and all the other glories of the celebrated year 1704. t Hehad the command of one ofthe three Dutch armies; and was a brave and experienced officer. The sort of mortar called by his name was invented by this celebrated engineer. r uo ] an ingeneer capable to supply his place. Those? who wish us Avell in these parts, expect no less from our superiority this year in Flanders, than the siege of Antwerp or Namur; in that case, such an officer will be highly necessary ; but if the campaine passes as the last, his skill will be less wanted. For want of news of greater importance you must be content to know that on Thursday Compte Lambery performed the ceremony of swearing the Marquis Santa Croce the elder, of the Emperor's Council. The Prior Vahini, brother to the prince of that name, is lately fallen into the Pope's displeasure upon the fol lowing occasion. For these last two years he has been general of the gallyes at Maltha ; and have ing had some dispute with the Inquisitor there, who is likewise nuncio, when he left that island, he on purpose neglected to visit him, which had so incensed the Inquisition and the Pope, that he was ordered to leave Rome in six days, and in three months to be at Maltha, and visit the Inqui sitor. The Prior is already already gone on this errand as farr as Naples, but the punishment seeming heavy for so slight an omission, his friends hope that his ready obedience may incline the Pope to forgive him, before he proceed further on his journey. Madame de Richlieu, who has made more noise in the world than any of her name since the Cardinal, is expected here every hour. I suppose she depends upon the countenance of [ 111 ] her cousin-german the constable of Colonna. This ballad having fallen into my hands I enclose it; for tho it be against us, it has some humour. Mr. Montagu leaves Rome in a few days, in order to return home by the way of Florence, Venice, and Vienna. He is grown a great vir tuoso by his stay here, and has bought many good pictures, I suppose for Lord Halifax. I am, &c, SHREWSBURY. LETTER LXXIII. From the same to the same. Rome, 19th April, 1704. Sir, — I have the favour of yours of the 5th, with the Emperor's amnesty.* I wish it may have the desired effect. Now upon the arrivall of the K. of Spain in Portugall, if matters go as wee wish, that will give, in all probability, a generall turn every where. In the mean time you will have heard, that our friends in Lom- hardie have abandoned Revere, and I doubt are very weak in those parts. I have seen the Duke of Mirandola's manifest, which he has published now upon his takeing the protection of the two * The Hungarian insurrection broke out in 1703, under Prince Ragotzi, in consequence of the oppressive government of Car dinal Calonitz and Esterhazy, the imperial governors of that country. A treaty was opened with the insurgents in 1704, but did not put a period to the disturbances in that country. [ 112 3 crowns : he complains of grievous usage from the Court of Vienna ; and that the Emperor, avIio has been so long in possession of his country, has never given wherewithall to subsist. My Lord Huntingdon and Mr. Montagu have both left us this week ; the first gos by the way of Leghorn and Geneva, to Turin, where he designs to pass this summer ; the other gos by Florence, to be at Venice at the Ascention; and, I suppose, soon after you will see him at Vienna. When I acquainted you this day sevenight, that Madame de Richlieu was expected, she was already arrived here; but I did not know it till I had sealed my letter. The constable pretends, the Spanish Ambassadour will not consent he should receive her into his house, since she came into Italy with our fleet, and now is so lately arrived from Vienna. It is believed here that Prince Alex. Sobiesky's escape may prove pre- judicious to the K. of Poland's affaires, and he a more dangerous competitour for the crown than any body has been yet. His brother's* ab sence and hard usage will give both zeale and union to the friends of that family, who before wore divided in their wishes. I am, &c. SHREWSBURY * The two Princes had been taken prisoners when they were hunting, by a party sent by King Augustus for that purpose, and inlprisonedinthe Castle of Pleissenburgh, near Leipsic, early ia 1704. — See Coxe's Travels into Russia, #c. ». iii. p. 232. [ H3 ] LETTER LXXIV. From the same to the same. Rome, 26th April, 1704. Sir, — Yours of the 12th brings the good news of the happy disposition some of the male- contents are in, to lay down their armes, and others to treat for an accommodation. I wish they may be constant in that mind ; they will never have such an opportunity to gaine good conditions, and interest Princes to secure their performance; and the quiet of those Countreys is at this time much to be desired, not only by the Emperor, but all engaged in defence of the common cause. Compte Mallei tells me he has made all those applications you mention, without any fruit of them ; and that he shall never be paid, unless Compte Bucelini, the chancellor of the Court, writes a letter to Gratz to have him pay'd. I have, troubled you so much about this busyness, that I am ashamed of it, and am sure that you must be tyred, and therefore say no more. The wandering lady* is still here in lodgings, the constable refusing to protect or converse with her ; hone of these ladies do any more go near her. Since wee have had the certainty of the K. of Spairte's happy arrivall at Lisbone, curi osity and impatience encrease, to learn some * Madame de Richelieu. I f 114 3 considerable step made towards his more happy entry into Madrid. I remember in these cases, people are more hasty than reasonable; and the Dutch, who landed with the P._of Orange, were surprised to see eight days pass without any troupes deserting, or persons of consideration comeing to him ; but they soon saw it was im possibility, andnoAvant of inclination, which oc casioned the delay, A requisite time must be allowed in such circumstances ; but if the matter be not decided in three months, I question whether it will be in three yeares. I am oblidged to you, Sir, for your concern for my health. I Continue still to bleed ; but hope it will not be long before 1 shall in person assure you how much 1 am, Sir, &c. SHREWSBURY. LETTER LXXV. From the same to the same. Rome, Uth May, 1704. Sir, — I have the favour of yours of the 3d, and shall be gladd to hear your mediation with the malecontents may have a happy conclusion. Wee are told for certaine, that our fleet will come into these seas; but asyet have no certainty that it has passed the Streights, In the mean time the French pass their recruits into Piedmont without interruption, and seem stronger than the [ 115 J D. of Savoy. I am surprised to hear Mr; Blaithwayt has lost his place of Secretary of War ; bat dos he keep his other employments ? He is certainly very rich- and if he be wise, may retire from Court content with what he has got in it, and leave others to labour long, and get less, tho' they deserve more. I here, en closed, send you a piece of Roman witt^ Avhich did not displease here. Wee are told that P. Alex. Sobieskie has great hopes of the crown of Poland ; but I conclude arid hope your infor mation is truer. Cardinal Carlo Barbarin has been so ill, it was believed he could not live many hours; but he is now better, and may Unger out some months, being very old, and dead all below. The Pope went in person to give him his benediction in articulo mortis, an honour very unusuall of late ; but the Pope's obligations to the Barbarins is not small, his father haveing been a servant in the family. I am, Sir, Sec. SHREWSBURY LETTER LXXVI. From the same to the same. Rome, May 24th, 1704. Sir, — I. have the favour of yours ofthe 10th, with the copy of Mr. Methuen's letter from Lisbon. Here are advices of a fresher date from Spaine, which mention no great motion in I 2 C He 1 that kingdom, as one would hope there might have been, upon the assurance of the King's and his forces' arrivall at Lisbon. I hope I am more impatient than is reasonable; but so much depends on what happens there, that it is not possible to lea ye one's countrey, and look on the occurrences in Spain Avith indifference. Our Gazette mentions 13 men deserted. If they quitt the Duke of Anjou in no greater bodys, it will be a tough task to drive him home. I have never seen the letter you speak of from the Rep. of Rome to their daughter of Venice, but will endeavour to get it. Many of the Emperor's friends here apprehend the malecontents are not in earnest to come to agreement, but treat to get time ; and some fear the Turk will not be long before he appears in armes against the Emperor and the Venetians: it is certaine these last begin to act as if they doubted it. The report of our fleet having passed the Straights proves a fals alarm. If the squadron Sir G. Rooke has at Lisbone be designed for that ex pedition, I conclude it will be strengthened with some more great ships, before they will think it advisable to send him into these seas. It Averc to be wished they had been here in time to have hindered the transporting their recruits to Italy, for the Consul of Geneva assures me, that since the 19th of March the French have landed in tlmt part above 11,000 men and about 3000 horses, with great quantity of amunition of several! [ 117 1 sorts; for which reason our friends in Piedmont, I doubt, are in no good condition, and those at Ostiglia worse. I fear wee are more solli- citious to get allys than to make a true use of them when gained. I hear the D.of Marlborough is to command an army upon the Moselle, which seems the most probable place on that side the world, to make an invasion into the French countrey. If the D. of Savoy were in a condition to do the same into Dauphine, something might be expected ; but when they are atacked in onely one place, I fear the K. of France will immediately send an army superiour to the Duke of Marlborough, though he leaves himself weaker in other places, and soon put a stop to any progress he can hope to make. I am, Sir, &c. SHREWSBURY. LETTER LXXVII. From the same to the same. Rome, 31st May, 17Q4. Sir, — Yours of the 17th give an account of an ugly relapse in Hungary. If the French- succeed in the passage we hear they have under taken, I wish the affaires in Germany be not in a worse condition than they have yet been in. The Spaniards made great braggs of their success [ na J on entring.the kingdom of Portugall; I know not how true their news will prove. It is not to be questioned (I doubt) but their Plate Fleet is arrived safe at Cadiz, which is very unlucky. Wee had the fortune to take four of their galeons bound to the West-Indies; wee had better taken one bound homewards. Two small frigates de- tacht from Sir G. Rooke are arrived at Villa Franca; but Mr. Hill writes to me that Sir George made no mention ofthe time he thought to come into these seas; in the meantime the French pour in recruits to their armys in Italy by the way of Geneva; 1200 arrived from Naples last week. I hear of few that are come, to the Germans, tho they are much more in need of them. Wee have for a long time been made, expect great matters from the Swiss, in sup port of the D. of Savoy, but I do not perceive it comes to much. I have no objection to your sending my letter to Mr. Secretary Hedges, but that I think the advice was improbable; and yet I find it strangely believed here by our German friends. Is it the air of this city that breeds credulity, or the genius of the nation? if the last, and that the correspondence in Spain have passed throw their hands, I wish it do not conclude with asuccesslikethat of Naples. The French report the Compte de Tholouse is gone with a squadron of men of warr, and a considerable body of troopes, to land in Scot land; 1 conclude it an errant untruth, and that [ 119 I wee cannot be in such a lethargy1 in England, as to permit so dangerous a flame to be kindled in our own house. Our letters from England are not come this post; stopt or taken, I suppose by the enemys, who were in motion about their passage throw the Black Forest. I did not expect the changes your newspaper mentioned, Slid yet am not surprized at them; for about thirty years that I have a remembrance of affaires, our minestry has practised that rotation so much recommended by some lawgiver's ; and! ljbelieve fouryeareshavehardly evet past without producing some considerable removes in our Court. I take the liberty to enclose this letter to Mr. Gaugain in your packet, as the only sure way to find him. It Was sent to me by the master of the house Avhere Mr. Montagu and he used to eat. I am, Sir, &c. SHREWSBURY, P.S. Lord Huntingdon is arrived at Turin. LETTER LXXVIII. From the same to the same. Rome, 28th June, 1704. Sir,— I am truely sorry you have so trouble some a distemper, as a defluxion upon your eye, which you will allow me to have a more than ordinary fellow feeling of; however I hope it will pass_without further inconvenience. Read- [ 120 ] ing is bad; and writeing much worse oh th a occasion. If the news of Heister's advantage against the malecontents be true, it may be a good preliminary to a treaty. I wish those people would think of makeing terms, whilst they would find friends to be engaged for the performance of articles. The news they give us from Portugal is so badd, and the inaction of the two Kings so wonderful, that people know not what to think ; for the winter, we talk of nothing less than going to Madrid and Paris, but in summer they really Come to Vienna and Lisbone; and in case the Compte de Tho- louse be too strong in these seas for Sir G. Rooke, I wish they do not come to London, If our fleet should be beaten in the Mediterra nean, where we have no one port our friend, it would be so melancholly a busyness that I trem-. ble to think of it ; the French having passed the Straights, and lying between our two fleets, it is not sure Avhether the reinforcements Sir Cloudesley may send to Sir G. Rooke will be able to joyn him in time, or may not be cutt of in the way. In sending these fleets hither, me- thinks wee venture a great deal to very little purpose. You will excuse the trouble of the en closed, and believe me always, Sir, &c. SHREWSBURY. [ 121 ] LETTER LXXIX. From the same to the same. Rome, 5th July, 1104. Sir, — I have the favour of yours of the 21st June. My heart I confess achs for my Lord Marlborough, more on account of his friends than his enemys. God send him success equal to the braveness of his undertaking. You will have heard our fleet is gone back (as is say'd) to joyn a recruit from SirC. Shovel, and then returne; in the mean time it is certain it is gone back, and as certain they Avere in sight of the Compte Tho- louse before he came to Toulon. I submit and conclude Avhat they do is on good reason, but it is sure our maritime force looses reputation every year in theopinion of these ignorant people here. Madame de Richlieti in her way throw Leg horn to Geneva enquired very tenderly for our fleet, so that I am apt to think one conquest we did muke last year in these seas: and my Lord Dursley, on more occasions, has showed himself a fortunate man in single combat with the French. You may expect I should say some thing upon our late misfortune in the Ferrarese ; but I really know little of it. They say the Pope seems much troubled at the part the French have made him and his troopes act. It is so nice a matter, one cannot freely discourse with [ 122 J any of the Court, who are able to inform one of the fact. But it is certain our friends, the good Germans, were too easy to believe fair promises, and to be frightened with a ridiculous bugg-bear, called Excommunication. I wish they may not have cause to regret their too blind faith and obedience. If matters do not go better in Portugal, there is little danger that Cardinel Jansen should press the Pope on that project of peace, which Count Lambery's little intelligencer made me write to you about. If you had an answer from England, I should be glad to know what they thought of so ridiculous an information, which gained credit here like thechospel; and the politicians sweat for fear King Charles the third should lose a province or two, which I am afraid he will never get. I am, Sir, &c. SHREWSBURY. This moment Count Mallei sends me the en closed letter of thanks, which I hope will be the last trouble you will have. Oblidge me by conveying this to Mr. Montagu, whome I con clude still at Vienna. LETTER LXXX. From the san^e to the same. Rome 19th Jidy, 1704. Sir,— I am favoured with yours of the 5th. Monsegnor Corsini, the Pope's Treasurer, is [ 123 ] gone to examine what passed in the Ferarese, so much to the disadvantage of the Emperor's interest and the Pope's honour. Many continue to say the process will end in recalling Cardinal Astall, which would be so ridiculous a satis faction, as will make every body here smile, Avho knows it is what the French have long laboured and desired above all things. I have not seen Compte Lambery since the fqwle play the poor Germans have had. I know not his sentiments upon it, but he seems very silent and quiet upon so extraordinary an occasion. I have kept the account yrou sent, me of the posture of affaires in P., and the name of the person, so secret, that I have nor shall mention neither one nor the other to any one alive. I doubt matters there do not go so Avell as wee imagined ; but believe they are not in that desperate state that gentleman describes them. Cardinal Jan- sen begins his rejoycings to-morrow for the birth. of the Duke of Britany, and the Spanish Em bassador next day. Wee have confused reports of some advan tages our troopes have had on the Danube. Wee wayte with impatience the confirmation and particulars, to rejoyce on our parts also. I am ever, &c. SHREWSBURY. f 124 ] LETTER LXXXI. From the same to the same. Rome, 2d Aug. 1704. Sir, — I am favoured with yours of the 19th July, and agree with you to wish the blow the enemy received at Donavert might have been followed whilst the pannick fright was upon them. But after the vigour of dilligence the D. of Marlborough showed in the last action, we ought to do him the justice to believe when he delays he has good reasons, for by nature he is not dillatory ; so I will hope something has been done before this, either to reduce, or to re- gaine by agreement, the Elector ; the last I should desire preferable to the other, as Avhat would save both time and blood. Wee have a blind report of a second rout the enemy have had, but I give little credit as yet to it. Compte Lambery was Avith me yesterday, and showed me a certain project sent from the D. of Marlborough, for finishing this campagne in a manner, tha , if it be as practicable as desirable, would put a speedy end to our trouble. But I fear the first, tho' I Avish it so heartily, that, could I see that once put in execution, I should dy fatt with content. I was surprised to find he had never seen the Pope's letter to the Palatine, [ 125 ] nor the Palatine's answer ; and seemed much obliged to me for shewing them to him. I have .often observed he seems slightly informed of matters of his own Court, and doubt the Mines- ters there are very remiss in sending him the needful informations. The motions of our fleet last year, and more this, are unconceivable to my understanding. Wee hear nothing of them, that they are doing good or hurt, to friend or foe. The French say they are runn over to the coast of Africa, and God knows Avhither for fear of their squadron. I am confident that when Sir G. Rooke met the Compte Tholouse, he Avas considerably stronger ; and whenever he shall receive a reinforcement from Sir Clo. Shovel, will continue to be stronger than the French, now they have united their force with that at Toulon, which they had not done when they were in sight of Sir G. Rooke, before they reacht that port. There is no man alive more readily submits to the manadgement of those at the helm than I do, being convinced that things cannot always be done as standers by think, and wish they may ; but some proceedings are so unaccountable, that they get the better even of my submission, and in a time when our land war is so well conducted, wee cannot but wonder that something of the same happy genius should not influence the sea. I am, Sir, &c. SHREWSBURY. [ 1*5 I LETTER LXXXIL From the same to the same. Rome, 9th Aug. 1704^ Sir,— -I have the favour of yours of the 26th of July. Some letters from Venice tell us, that Avas the day of another entire victory over the Bavarians ; but it is not so well confirmed as I could wish, Avho have not my faith so ready at command as the people of this countrey have. It would be very lucky if such a thing were to make an end of that war, and to put the Em peror in a condition to send a good force into Italy, to save the D. of Savoy, who, without it^ is in a desperate state. I conclud Consul Broughton writes to you the same thing of the debates and preparations makeing at Veniee which he dos to me; but I cannot agree in his conclusion, that such an army is raising to pre serve their neutrality, if they resolve to joyn with neither side. I should guess it were to support a league among the H. Princes, for merly much talked on among- them, and now again revived, to drive out and keep out all foreign force; v hich, in the present circum stance, I take to be no other than a league against the Emperor'. Compte Lambery is satisfied the Venetian Embassadour here is a zealous promoter of this project ; and has dis- t 127 ] covered at last that the opinion I had last year of the unsincerity of his proposall, was not so rash or wrong as he then esteemed it ; and that it is not for nothing that he is so highly ap plauded, and so much cherisht in this Court; Mr. Montagu writes me that the Comptesse of Lambery enquired so oblidgingly after me, that I must beg you to make her every complement from me. I hear she is your landlady; I suppose you may see her sometimes. I am in a course of waters, which do not pass with me so well as I hoped; but the learned tell me it is a sign I wanted them much, and that they do me great good. I am not entirely satisfy'd with their reasons, and am sure they hinder me from eating fruit, Avhich is no small mortification in this season. I am, Sir, &c. SHREWSBURY. LETTER LXXXIII. From the same to the same. ¦Rome, 29lh Nov. 1704. Sir, — I am sorry to find by yours of the 15th, that the treaty with the malecontents is not only broke off, but that it lookes as if the Court of Vienna were not so warmly disposed to accom modate those troubles as the state of their affaires seemes to require. I have heartily wisht all along, that this matter might be adjusted in I 128 ] such a manner, that the Emperor might be a£ ease from so troublesome a diversion, on the one hand ; and on the other, that those poor people might be admitted to such termes as they might enjoy their conscience and a reasonable liberty ; for I shall never forget how lamentable a condi tion it is to be onely in fear of being deprived of those privi ledges, and pitty all under that sad circumstance. I have from divers hands been advised, that I Avas medling in a peace, and that I had received a message from Car dinal Jansen, by an hermit. You see how maliciously things are altered when they concern me; butarepott so absolutely without founda tion is capable of giveing me little disturbance; no more than what others have spread, that I have changed my religion. God be thanked, pne is as fals as the other ; and tho I never was a bigot, nor never will be a politician, I assure you I always will be an honest Englishman, and no papist. I know nothing of the Venetians' inclination since what I writt many months since. I never talk with their ambassadour; and if I did, should hope to know little of what they think, by what he says. Compte Lambery has now much the same opinion I had eighteen months since of him. The D. of Marlborough fromthe Camp writt to me to know my thoughts. I told him I feared the probability of succeeding was small; but if there were any hopes, it could do no hurt to try; but that before any step £ 129 ] Could be made, it would be necessary that the D. of Savoy should be succoured, and that the Emperour's affaires in Italy should be upon a better foot ; for I hardly believed a people could be persuaded to expose themselves to a certain present mine, in hopes to be relieved the Lord knows when. I hear Lord Cardigan seems disposed to pass the Carnival at Venice ; if so, he will not see Vienna so soon as I expected, nor he designed when he left Rome. I am, Sir, &c. SHREWSBURY. LETTER LXXXIV. From the same to the same. Rome, 13th Dec. 1704. Sir, — "Wee have this Aveek no letters from Vienna, but a Sfafetta has brought Comte Lam bery an account of a great mortality in his family. Here is noAV newly printed the Elector of Bavaria's manifest ag'ainstthe Emperor, which I conclude you have seen long since, though it be new here. There is also spread a memorial of the Savoy minester, the Comte de Pri6, to the Emperor; which seems to me to have some expressions in it so harsh to the Court of Vienna, and so improper in relation to her Majesty, and the Dutch, under the name of the K { 130 ] Due Potenze Maritime, that I ftm persuaded it is a false paper. For what he says of the Mine- sters of Vienna, hie may be allowed some excuse, from the treatment his master has had from them ; bat of us and Holland, he says our chief concern is private interest; and the preservation of our commerce ; so that having no regard to the advantage or greatness of the House of Austria, wee neglect the warr of Italy and things nearer home, the rather, that perhaps wee have in view, to conclude the warr with some treaty upon the foot of the partition. I think the share wee and the Dutch have had in this warr deserves a more respectfull treatment from the Minester of a Prinee, who cannot complaine of us for haveing failed him in any point, this warr or the last; so that I conclude by these, and many other expressions, too long to repeat, that this is a false paper, spread here with some mali cious end. I think it is dated the 10th, or some day, I am sure in Sept. The report of a promotion of Cardinals against Christmas is still very general, tho many of the most clear-sighted do not believe it. The news wee had this post, of the takeing of Landaw and Traerbach, makes our friends here expect speedy reliefe in Italie ; but I doubt the badness of the season and want of money may retard their march longer than these people imagine. It is whispered about town that a body of German horse is come into the Fera- [ 131 } rese ; if so, wee shall see what stratageme will next be used to get them out. I hope they are excomunication proof, if not, a Vatican blast is what wee have ever ready at mouth. I am, Sir, &c. SHREWSBURY. LETTER LXXXV. From the same to the same. Rome, Jan. 3d, 1705. Sir, — Haveing nothing worth the troubling you, nor no letter from you, I did not write last week. This post, I have two of yours", of the 13th and 20th December. I do not pretend to be a great critick in Latin, and therefore shall onely say that the inscription pleases me ex- treamly; and the moral for the Duke of Bava ria and the K. of France is incomparable. I am sorry to find by yours that no industry, success, or virtue is sufficient to protect one ¦ from ill usage at some courts. I could advise patience and perseverance ; . but that I am ashamed to preach Avhat I was never able, to practise; but I sincerely wish you would, be cause I think you can do great service to your countrey, which never was my case; for upon my faith and honor, I always knew myself unfitt, and of a humour impracticable for public K 2 [ 132 J business; and if nobody had had a better opinion of me than I had of myself, I assure you I had never engaged in those kind of employments; and this I do not say to draw a complement from you, but because it is really and unfeignedly my mind.* As to your particular, if you do not find our services received^as you deserve at the Coirt where you are, I hope you will have more justice done you at the Court in England ; Avhere I am very gladd they have thought fitt to press the Emperor to a peace with the malecon- tents, and hope their instances will have the desired effect. The discburse of the promotion of Cardinals is now quite over. It is sayd the Pope, not being able to find a means to content all partys, has laid aside the thought for the present ; and if he expects till he can bring that about, it is possible wee may not see one in our days. Comte Lambery expects leave to make a journey to Vienna, he says with an intention to returne ; but the common report here is, that another is to come in his room. I am, &c. SHREWSBURY. * There is much infernal evidence in these letters, that the Ihike delivered to Mr. Stepney his real sentiments. The in ference is, that he was » very honourable, honest, and disinter ested character. [ 133 ] LETTER LXXXVI. From the same to the same. Rome, 24(hJan. 1705. ^SiR, — Instead of a letter from you, I have Ihis post received only the enclosed, which, I presume, is a mistake of him who made up your packet, and therefore I returne it to you un opened. The Consul at Venice has sent me a copy of what you writt to him about the victory near Tyrnau ; upon many accounts I rejoice at the success, tho' I fear it will render an accom modation more impracticable. With a return of bleeding, I have had this week so violent a cold, that I have been feavrish ; and tho' it be over, I hope, for the present, it makes my head not very fitt for writeing, and therefore con clude, Sir, &c. SHREWSBURY. Wee talk here much ofthe journey the Queen of Poland is going to take : they say towards Germany, and about the affaires of her sons in prison. LETTER EXXXVII. Ft om the same to the same. Venice, May 9, 1705. Sir, — At my arrivall here on the 3d, I found yours of the 11th April and yesterday I had I 134 ] another of the 2d of May, with some papers very diverting, especially Mr. Whitworfh's* relation, Avhich I have read with great pleasure, and at further leisure shall read againe. I much fear the Emperor's indisposition is very hazard ous at his age; however, whilst there is life there are hopes. I have been here but few days, and found so moist and cold climate, that I am at present laid up with the gout in my knee, arid feel some So ugly symptoms in my breast, that if my legs were at liberty, I think I should be inclined to use them, to get out of this water* rat countrey ; but my health is not in a state to permit me to make any volunteer excursions in my journey. If I can get home the straight road, it is all I can expect, therefore I have little hopes of seeing yoii till wee meet in Eng land ; however, I give you many thanks for your obliging invitation. 1 knoAV not hoAV long I shall stay here; but whilst! do shall continue to write. None of my letters from England name a Mr. Montagu as designed to go with Mr. Amelo, or otherwise to Hungary or Vienna; and if your authority for that news be not very good, I should doubt the truth. The Queen DoAvag'er of Poland left this place yesterday, designing to return to Rome. The Elector of Bavaria is still here. All the neAVs I knoAV as yet relateing to the Germans I have from our * Charles Whitworth, then British resident with Peter the Great, at Moscow. C 135 1 Consul, who, I suppose, will inform you of it himself. So I shall conclude, Sir, Sec. SHREWSBURY. LETTER LXXXVIII. From the same to the samfi. Venice, 30th May, 1705. Sir, -wBeing at Padoua vvhen yours pf the 16th arrived, I had it not in time to answer the last post. I am gladd the Emperor shews such a desire to an accommodation with the male- contents in Hungary ; but should look upon it as a good sign, if he had employed yours and. the Dutch Minester' s means also, to have per suaded so good ar^d necessary a work ; for if ever the Hungarians be brought to terms, in the present circumstance of their affaires, the most prevalent argument, I think, can be used with them, is, that her Majesty and the States will be guarrantees for performance ; an advan tage they can never hope at another time, at least not after the generall peace. I suppose there is just ground for proceeding in Bavaria as you write; and if without prejudice to the busyness, those reasons can be made publick, it will be better for the Emperor's reputation, whose enemy's haveing for some time represented him as one of a violent temper, will be gladd to lay hold of this sp early a step, to confirm the [ 186 ] character they have given; but when good motives are publisht, all the Avorld must own he acts wisely. I give you most hearty thanks for your continued kind invitations to Vienna ; but I have begun my journey with so ill success, with regard to my health, that the most I can pretend to, will be to get home this summer the shortest way, haveing now upon me a return of spitting blood, more violent than I have had it since I came into Italie, and accompany'd with a cough, and other symptomes not very good for my lungs. I have kept my letter open till it is now two houres in the night, and the Vienna post is not come in. I hear the Electress of Bavaria is returned hither this evening, and Sir Lambert Blackwell arrivedhere yesterday. I am, Sir, &c. SHREWSBURY, LETTER LXXXIX. From the same to the same. Venice, 13th June, 1705, Sir, — The favour of yours ofthe 6th finds me here neither well nor ill, but my bleeding con tinues, so I have deferred my journey some days longer, hopeing the warm weather will stop it ; but hitherto we have seen no such thing, ahd either the season or the climate is very different from what I have been used to at Rome. I I 137 ] perceive the Emperor has diininisht his Coun- cell, and probably disgusted many, for almost every body thinks himself capable to give councell, and takes a pleasure in it. I conclude the Treaty Avith the Hungarians is likely to come to nothing ; nor are they at Vienna much to be blamed, to depend on the reduceing that people by force, when they have so good Allys, as give them hopes to recover the Spanish monarchy at their own cost, giveing the H. of Austria so little trouble about it. God send our good success and luck may continue. It was so late when I received yours, that my bed time being very early, I have onely time to assure you that I am, &c. SHREWSBURY. LETTER XC. From the same to the same. Venice, 20th June, 1705. Sir, — Your favour ofthe 18th finds me still here, tho' I hope soon to remove ; but as my condition will not permit me to go very fast, when you are so kind as to write, you may please to send it to Auxburgh, under cover to cer tain merchants, the heirs of Mr. John Santernell. It will be near twenty days before I get thither, tho' I shall leave this watry habitation very [ 138 ] soon; where, since I came, I have seen more Avater over my head than under my feet. I take the distribution the Emperor has de signed to be a chimerical project. The affaires of one countrey have so much conexion with those of another, that in practice it will prove hard to separate them. The choice of the two first for the affaires of Italie will uot please the Court of Rome, and as little, I believe, (between you and I) the Emperor's embassador there. I hear he has fallen into new quarrels with the Government. Comte Mallei writt me a longr relation of the matter, but in so bad a hand, that I have not had patience to read it. I think in the same letter he recommends himself to your protection ; that Comte Buccelini being re moved, a certain order given to him may be renewed by one of those come in. I believe Zinzendorf, fallen to your share, is the same I saw at Paris, and had the character of a fair and gentlemanlike man. I conclude the Consul writes you the little uncertain news wee have here ; and I know nothing but what I have from such hands, not haveing spoke to one Venetian since I came hither. We are all agreed to shunn one another. I am ever, Sir, &c. SHREWSBURY. r 139 ] LETTER XCI. From the same to the same. Atigsb'&Urg, 20th July, 1705. Sir, — It is long since I have heard from you, but supose it to be my own fault, since I think I desired you to direct ,to Nuremberg, whither I am not as yet reached. I arrived here on the J 6th, after a tedious journey of eleven days, from Venise, as softly as horses could walk; which method I took of travelling in an easy chaise and slow, many thinking that my coming post from Rome had occasioned my relapse at Venise. But, notwithstanding this precaution, the misty cold mountains of the Tirol had the same effect on me as the stinking fogs of the marshes of Venise ; and I am here againe laid up for some time with my old distemper. So that when you favour me, I desire you will direct to Auxburgh, under cover to certain merchants ; the super scription, " A Messrs. les Heritiersde Monsieur Jean Santernell;" for if I am gone they will send it after me. But I long to hear what you say at your Court concerning the disappointments of this hopeful campagne. It has put me to that degree out of humour, that I am ashamed of my own weakness. I hear my Lord Sunderland is named for the compliment. I suppose he will have commission to make other representations ; but the Emperor is at present to be pity'd and [ uo ] excused. He is come to a government so much in disorder, that it will require more time than he has had to redress. All is to be feared, in that this sort of treatment causes ill-humour at West minster, and worse at the Hague ; and I heartily wish Avee may make a good end of this warr, that we may have a lasting peace ; for should wee patch it up bunglingly, it is to be feared it may break out againe in a Avorse manner for us. lam wishing and foreseeing, as if it were pro bable I might live as long as another, which I know is very unlikely ; and 1 am so weary of this crazy carkass, that it will not be unwellcome news, when I knoAV I am to part from it. How ever, till that happens, I am, Sir, &c. SHREWSBURY- After I had finished my letter, I received yours of the 15th, with so mellancholy an account of the posture of affaires, that they give the spleen sufficiently to one who is sub ject enough to it ; and in a town where he knows, nor is likely to know, nobody; spitting up his lungs, not to say his life. I thank you for this .last favour, and am ever faithfully yours. LETTER XCII. From the same to the same. Augsburg, 11th Aug. 1705. Sir, — With the favour of yours of the 1 2th I understand some account is come of a victory the [ Ml 1 Emperor's forces have had against the malecon- tents. I wish it may prove so considerable as the two deserters report. However, I own to you a good accommodation Avould please me better than a great defeat, as what would more certainly put an end to this war in Hun gary^ so prej udiciall to that carry'd on for the common cause. I am sure I have no partiality to the Nonce, and less to his master, who, I am sensible, has shewed himself too much a French man from the beginning. However, I think the message something extraordinary, and his answer handsome and just. If P. Eugene can make such a progress as may rescue the Duke of Savoy, and retrieve the reputation of the Impe- riall amies in Italie, they may cause a few teares; which flow so naturally, that they cost his holiness no more than blessings, and are of no greater worth. Yesterday Comte ¦ gave the oathes to this majestracy of people, and is gone to-day to do the same to other towns. You will believe that I design to be a burghess of this city, but I am kept here first by one illness, then by another. Last week I had a sharp fitt ofthe gout, during Avhich my bleeding stopped; now that paineris ceased my bleeding is returned very violently, and I am useing spirit of vitriol, the last remedy I have against it, and Avhat I have not been oblidged to make use of these last two yeares; but I feel a sensible difference be- tweene this climate and Italie ; and conclude it [ 142 ] will be worse when I breathe the fogs of our island, if ever I am able to get thither. One of my servants tells me, that the landlord of my house spoke with a Secretary of Prince Lewis of Baden, who went post to Vienna four or five days since, and told him that in few days we should hear some very considerable action in those parts. I am, Sir, &c. SHREWSBURY. LETTER XCIII. From the same to tlie same, Auxbourg, 31st Aug. 1705. Sir, — I am apprehensive our friends have no great reason to bragg of the advantage they have had at the Adda; here they will call it a victory, but confess it a bloody one. . I conclude the French will give it out a glorious day for themselves; and if the Duke of Savoy be not succored, the appearances will be too much on their side. The action in Hungary has fallen out just as I feared; enough to exasperate both sides, and decide nothing. Whilst I am writing, I am favoured with yours of the 26th, and more distinct relation. I observe they do not call it a victory, but a vittorioso batto. I own I am a little impatient to see the French account.; not that I expect it will be a true one, but it will give light to the truth. I am gladd t© [ 143 ] hear my Lord Sunderland is arrived at Vienna. Pray give my most sincere respects, and tell him I heartily wish him good success in his first negociation. I am, Sir, &c. SHREWSBURY. I heartily pitty the D. of Marlborough, to see how our good allys use him wherever he gos. He had need be a Job, as well as a Cesar. LETTER XCIV. From the same to the same. Augsbourg, 3d Aug. 1705. Sib, — I am much obliged by your charitable thoughts concerning me and my health. I am still here, and little better than I was, but hope I shall not continue long. I congratulate with you the justice the Queen has done you, in joy n- ingyou in this negociation, which I heartily wish may succeed. The Duke of Marlborough gave me the good news of his forceing the lines in a letter from himself ; and if I can get myself in any condition to travell, I design to take his camp in my way. P. Eugene has not yet answered the .great expectations had of him. I take Cremona and Mantua to be the rocks he split upon the last time he was in Italie. I hope he 'will not do the same againe ; especially consi dering the agonizing state of the D. of Savoy's [ 144 ] affaires. I am gladd for those who may be con*-*' cerned that this will be a quiet sessions. I should have" been gladd to have had the good fortune to have met my Lord Sunderland, but conclude he will be gone by, before I get into his road. Whilst Mr. Lewis con tinued in France, I was much obliged to him for his correspondence and care he had of my letters. I was glad to hear he was got into em- ployment, wishing him very well ; and now I know he is your relation, I do it more than I did. I have a letter from Rome of the 18th July, which says Comte Lambery was gone from thence, some say'd to Lucca, some to Vienna; but his departure had given an alarm at that court. If he begone to the first, I imagine it may be, to be in the Avay to concert with our fleet, in case it come up so high as Porto Ve- nere or Leghorn. Any [thing that can be done this year on the Bloselle will beginn so late, that it can only lay a ground for Avhat may be at tempted the next ; when I believe the enemy will be better able to oppose, than they could be this summer, that their troopes, and espesially their horses are new and raw. I am now far more quiet in a good private lodging, the same Mar shall Marlin had when he was here ; but before I removed from the inn, Prince Maximilian of Hanover came thither, on his way to the army on the Rhine. Being in the same house, I thought myself under a necessity, from the C 145 ] respect Wee now owe that family, to wait upon him ', but was long before I could believe it Was he, observing the principal companion he brought with him to be a Jesuit. Keep this re mark of mine to yourself ; but it caused great scandal here to all the zealous Lutherans, inso much that they will have it that it was not a prince of the House of Hanover, but one of Hesse, who turned Papist. I am, Sir, &c. SHREWSBURY. LETTER LXXllL From the same to the same* Augsburg, 1st Oct, 1705. Sir, — It is very long since I have had the" happiness of a letter from you, but I conclude you have been full of employment upon account of the treaty ; and you will have heard that I have not been idle, having marry'd* on the 20th of last month, a lady I was acquainted with at Rome.* About eight days hence 1 design to go for Francfort, and if I make that journey with out inconvenience, may proceed on to England. If you favour me with a letter, be pleased to * Adelhida, daughter of the Marquis Palliotti, of Bologna. Upon the Duke's departure from Rome, to return to England, she went after him to Augsburg; where she overtook him, and declared herself a protestant ; upon which he married her, and brought her with him to England in 1706. [ 146 ] direct for ine at Francfort. Mr. Davenant Avrites me word, my Lord Pembrok comes for Holland ; which, considering his character at themakeing the last peace, I look upon as very considerable ne\vs. Do me the favour to present my humble ser- A'ice to my Lord Sunderland ; and believe me ever, with all my heart, Sir, &c. SHREWSBURY.* * The Duke of Shrewsbury (considered apart from politics) ap pears to have been a very good specimen ofthe fashionable cha racter, or, what was considered, the perfect gentleman, of the latter part of the seventeenth century ; a mixture of high spirit, bright talents, generous feelings, graceful accomplishments, per sonal attractions, but profligate gallantry. Educated in the Catholic faith, he was nominally a Papist, till his reason shamed him into being a Protestant: a conversion, however, which does not seem to have produced much good practical effect; and has been supposed to have fallen short of complete credence in the evidaencs of religion. Nor can this be wondered at, as moral irregularity will always, for reasons sufficiently obvious, produce a bias towards scepticism. One of Shrewsbury's earliest and most intimate friends was John Somers, afterwards Baron of Evesham, and Lord High Chancellor of England; a man of lofty character in public, and wouldhave been equally excellent in pri vate, life, had it not been for his intimacy with his noble companion ; who, it is to be feared, seduced him into those irregular practices which rendered the Duke an invalid through life, and clouded the latter part pf Somers's existence with mental imbecility. In a singular publication, which appeared in 1791, entitled, " An Essay on the Life and Character of John Lord Somers,'' &c. by- Richard Cooksej', esq; barrister-at-law, is an interesting account ofthe early friendship of these two remarkable characters; and of the joint productions of their fancy in the lighter pursuits of lite rature. Amongst other of their mental labours, Mr. Cooksey attri butes to this parnobilefratrumno less a composition than "the Tale [ 147 ] LETTER XCVI. From Sir Robert Sutton* to George Stepney, Esq. Belgrade, Dec. 9, 1701. Sir, — I have read your favour of the 26th past, and another by C. Guldenstolpe, to whome ofthe Tub," hitherto the declared offspring of Swift's genius. The assumption is a very curious one ; and that the reader may see on what authority it stands, he is presented with the following extract from the thin quarto in question. " During his Lord ship's residence in Worcestershire, from the conversations of the society he there fell into, and chiefly by the ascendancy his young friend, Mr'. Somers, had obtained over him, he had con quered the prejudices of his early education, and conceived a proper contempt for the superstitions ofthe Romish church, and a detestation of the pious frauds of the priests and Jesuits, which, before thattime, had possessed him. From the variegated assem blage of company and characters he met with at the White La dies, he learned a liberal way of thinking, both in civil and religious concerns. He saw there fully displayed the fopperies of popery, the follies into which an extravagant dread of it had driven the sect of Puritans and Presbyterians, and the beauty of holiness and moderation displayed in the principles and prac tice of the Church of England. It was here, and at this period of their lives, that Mr. Somers and his gay young friend amused themselves with sketching from the life the characters of Peter, Jack, and Martin, and their ludicrous disputes about the fashion of their coats. It was from his own sensible observation, and this humorous representation of absurdities in religious systems, that the conversion of the Earl from popery was effected, who was too dissipated to attend to the grave and sober disquisitions and arguments of a Tillotson, whioh however were not wanting, and which gave weight and dignity to that important event, which contributed so much to the happy and glorious revolution. That I 2 [ 148 J I will shew all the civility I can in consideration of your recommending him to me. I am glad these sketches of characters, which after many years lying by, and passing though the hands of Lord Shaftesbury and Sir Wm. Temple, and were given to the world by Dean Swift, under the title of " The Tale of the Tub," were the early sportive produc tions of Mr. Somers's pen, I have no doubt, from the private tradi tion ofthe family ; and drawn by him, from real life and originals, within his own observation. His uncle Blurton, as good and pious a man as ever lived, furnished the portraiture of the Church of England man. The character of Jack, the Calvinist, exhi bited that of his grandfather Somers ; such a devoted admirer of honest Richard Baxter, as induced him to spend most of his days with him, at Kidderminster, and to direct his remains to be deposited under a cross, in the churchyard there, ' as supposing the ground hallowed by the sanctity of that good man. PeteT had his lineaments from Father Peter and the Jesuits, with whom the young Earl was constantly beleaguered. Addison was in the secret, but as it was the wish of Lord Somers that it might not be disclosed, he only hints at it in " The Freeholder," written upon his death, May 4, 1716. Indeed, to demonstrate it not to have been the work of Swift, needs no more than the internal evidence of the composition itself. It is manifestly above him, as is very obviously remarked by Mr. Walpole, and Dr. Samuel Johnson. From a very dull academic, and his servile employ as amanuensis to Sir William Temple, and publisher of his writings, it cannot be conceived that he should at once burst forth the author of a tract so superior in wit and composition to every thing he afterwards produced. — 'How poor and flimsy, in compa rison with this, is the humble imitation of the same species of humour, in the " History of John Ball," compiled by him and Dr. Arbuthnot many years afteT ! The truth is, that Swift found, among Sir Wm. Temple's papers, the only copy Mr. Somers ever made of this boyish amusement; which, in hours of unreserved and social conviviality, (of whieh no man was more fond J he had communicated it to his friends, Lord Shaftesbury and Sir William. but to whom he had forgotten he ever entrusted it. This Swift copied; and, by servile adulation and professions of zeal and attachment, pmailed on them, after striking out some rtflee- [ "9 ] the matter is ended Avith La Bruna and Walstorf. Methinks they made a great deal of noise about tions on kingly government, to which the young authors were not, at the time of writing it, much attached, to suffer him to pub lish it as his own, which he did, with a dedication to Lord Somers, and is the chef-d'oeuvre of his prose writings-- preferring the reputation of a witty writer to that of a serious and conscien tious member of the church, to his. admission into the higher orders of which, this publication was urged as a perpetual bar. " In the Apology, prefixed to the Tale of the Tub, when first published in 1709, which was written by Swift himself, he there says, " the greatest part of this work was written many years " since;— the author was then young, his invention at the " height, and his reading fresh in his head. By the assistance " of some thinking, and much conversation, he had endeavoured "" to strip himself of as many prejudices as he could." This de scription has not the least resemblance of any situations of Swift's life and habits at that or any period; but is exactly appli cable to those of Mr. Somers and the young Earl of Shrewsbury and their Worcestershire connexions and conversation. " That the Earl had a share in this work is, I think, clear, from the many invectives interspersed in it against poor Dryden, to whom the Earl had conceived a particular antipathy. He had, perhaps, felt the lash of Dryden's wit ; and he detested the mean motives of his apostacy, and the prostitution of his poetical talents to the vilest political purposes. He therefore, in these prolusions, takes every opportunity of venting his keenest satire upon him, and loads with perpetual insults, as Lord Orrery observes, the greatest, though not the mpst prosperous, of our English poets. Neither Mr. Somers or Swift can be sus pected of any rancour against a man, whose great genius and abilities they admired, and whosedefects and distresses they pitied, These strokes, therefore, flowed from the private resentments of the young Lord." The excellent Tillotson had a considerable share in bringing Shrewsbury to Protestantism fromthe Roman Catholic faith; but as the views of the admirable Prelate were rather practical than speculative, he was moie anxious about the reality of the proselyte's religion, than the form of his profession. See his [ i50 ] nothing. I will take care to send Monsieur Stratenheim's book by C. Guldenstolpe, and am incomparable letter to Lord Shrewsbury, in Birch's Life of Tillot- son. " But I am, " says he, " and always was more concerned, that your Lordship would continue a virtuous and good man, then become a protestant, being assured that the ignorance anderrors of men's understanding will find a much easier forgiveness with God, than the faults of the will." * Sir Robert Sutton, Knight of the Bath, had been appointed envoy to the Imperial Court the latter end of the seventeenth century. Among the Editor's papers is the following letter from him to Mr. Secretary Blathwayt, when on that mission. The honour of Knight of the Bath was conferred on him on his return ; and in! the year 1701 he took leave of his Majesty in Holland on his setting out for the Port, with his credentials, as ambassador. Mr. Sutton to Mr. Blathwavt. Vienna, Jan. 8, — 98. Sir, — I forbore troubling you the three last posts, having had nothing at all to acquaint you with. For the future I shall have the honour of informing you constantly of every thing that comes to my knowledge. Count Kaunitz arrived here on Sunday night last, I waited on him yesterday morning, and deliver'd hiin yonr letter. He desired me to assure you, as he said he would also do himself, of his most humble services, and his thankfullnesse and acknow ledgments to the King, not only for the favours which he had received from his Majesty elsewhere, but especially for the honour which his Majesty did him in his remembrance now. You will find inclosed a copy of the French translation of Lieut.-Col. Klinkenstrom's defense, which I send you, Sir, be cause it has relation to the dispatches which you have received before upon that subject. When I presented the inclosed news, which I received from my Lord Paget's Secretary at Adrianople, (his Excellency being then at Constantinople,) to Count Khinsky, he told me, Vous royez, Monsieur, que quoyque nous souhaitions, lapaix de bonne foy, Ls Turcs ne la veulentpas; il en faut voir la suite, fy tout esperer de la Providence de Dicu. And tmly, as far as I am able to discern [ 151 ] glad I have so fair an opportunity of returning it. Monsieur Gogain will give you an account by the discourse of all the rest of the Ministers, they are hearty in>their desires of a peace on that side. But all things are not yet come to a ripenesse for it. The Turks will not think of it till they see themselves in the utmost extremity ; and the Emperour would be loath to consent to it, without having Belgrade and Temeswaer in his hands. The latter of those places depends so much upon the former, that it must necessarily fall of course, whenever the other is lost; and it is now fully resolved here to besiege the former next spring. In order to it they have already agreed for 5 or 6000 Hessians, and 2000 of the troops of the Archbishop of Saltsbourg. The Emperor has at present about 24,000 foot and 14,000 horse and dragoon^ in quarters on this side, which they pretend to double before next campaign. The resident of the Elector Palatin has assured me, that he knows of no treaty on foot between his master and the Emperor for any troops ; but whether Monsieur Seilern have any commission to treat thereabout at Dusseldorp, or be only gone thither to con cert about the Elector's pretentions to the Palatinat, being to be employed by the Emperor in that affair, I cannot tell. They will certainly have a vast train of artillery ready here before spring, if they be not destitute of money, which they are making their utmost efforts to find. I am told it will amount to 80 great canon, 20 martars, and 14 field pieces. The late regulation of winter quarters, which I inclose, will enable the Emperor, ac cording to the common computation to maintain 6 or 8000 men more then ordinary. Monsieur de Saint Saforin, vice-admiral of the Danube, (Admiral Assemberg continuing still under suspension,) has the oversight of the building of 5 or 6 new gallies ; and such dis positions seem to be making, that, notwithstanding the difficulty of finding mony, nothing but their old slowncsse and backward- nesse can marr the successe, which otherwise might be expected nex t campaign. One great motive towards making a peace with the Turks will be the jealousy which this Court already con ceives of the progresse ofthe arms of the Muscovites; and I am persuaded they are sorry for being engaged to them for two cam paigns more. [ 152 ] of our reception and treatment here, so that I need not trouble you with it. They use me but very scurvily in the provisions they ought to give me for my journy, allowing me nothing but two or three brown loaves and three or four pounds of beef per diem, after great professions of kind- nesse ; and have refused me the favour to send a letter for me to my Lord Paget. The project made by the Imperial Chamber of carrying goods thro' the Emperor's countries was so imperfect, that I have drawn up another, which I send you herewith. It is so very rea sonable, that I scarce believe any faujt can be found with it. You may make what alterations you think fit therein, and afterwards agree the matter with the Ministers, whpme I believe you will find very inclinable to incourage the pro posal, I recommend it to your care, and don't question but you wijl soon bring it to perfection, and thereby render a good piece of service to our country. You will do me the favour to inform me what successe you meet with in this affair, I beg you, Sir, to continue me under your protection, and to believe me, with all imaginable zeal and devotion, S», your niost humble, most obedient, and most faithful) servant, R. SUTTON. On the 19th of Aug. 1720, Sir Robert Sutton was associated with Lord Carteret as Ambassador Extraordinary and PleniT potentiary at the Congress of Cambray; but the concluding record which history affords of him, is not so honourable to his character, — that he was expelled from the House of Commons in 1731, as a delinquent in the business of the charitable Corporation. { 153 J and what incouragement the other Princes of Germany concerned shall have given to it. I must beg leave to remind you of your pro mise of sending me accounts of what passes in our parts, for these people Avill have news either from us or from the French, and take their measures often thereby. I am, very truly, Sir, your most humble and faithfull servant, R. SUTTON, My service to Mr. Whitworth^and all my friends. Pray excuse the trouble I give you of forwarding the inclosed to England. LETTER XCVII. Frprn the same to the same. Adrianople, Jan. 19, O.S. 1701 — 2. Sir, — I have none to acknowledg from you since your favour of the 3d of Dec. which I received from my Lord Paget' s hands.* I brought my company hither very safe and sound the 28th past, 0. S. Mr. Montague, the Count, Sir Wm. Maynard, and Mr. Gogain left me a week ago to take a view of Constan tinople, designing to be back here at the begin ning of Bairam oi the Turkish Easter, about a * Lord Paget had been several years King William's Ambas sador at the Ottoman Court. In the year 1698, he again went thither lo mediate the peace of Carlowitz between the Impe rialists and the Turks. [ 154 ] month hence, when I am to have my audience of the Grand Signor.* This country, as far as I have seen it, is most wretchedly miserable thro' the negligence of the inhabitants, and gave very little diversion or satisfaction to our young sparks, and afforded lesse variety to Mr. Go- gain's journal of his voyage. I hope they will find Constantinople more entertaining. By means of changing watermen often, and ad vancing forward in the night as well as day, we got luckily to Russik before the winter overtook us. Otherwise we should have suffered much by travelling by land. At my coming hither, the Grand Vizir sent one of his gentlemen of the horse to meet me about a league out of the town, with horses to mount me and my company ; and about half a league's distance from the suburbs 1 was received by the Chiaus Pasha, Avho, with 40 Chiauses, all in their turbants of ceremony, and about 500 Janisaries, conducted me thro' the town to my quarters, where a late Polish Am bassador was lodged. But they are so mean, that we all heartily regreted our boats, at the sight of them, tho' the Turks call 'em a palace, and have very few better. My Lord Paget, who had sent a Druggerman hither before me, * Mustapha II. who mounted the throne in 1692. He was a warlike Prince, and headed his armies in person ; but being de feated by Prince Eugene^was glad to embrace the Peace of Carlowitz. [ 155 ] and arrived seven daies before me, is a little better provided. However, I must take up Avith 'em for about two months longer, intending to see my Lord P. part before me. You will scarce see him at Vienna before the beginning of June. The little news I know you will find inclosed. These people are very inquisitive after the news of Christendome; and unlesse one can satisfy their curiosity, they will receive the accounts of the transactions of our parts from other hands, and let themselves be biassed by them. Therefore I earnestly beg the favour of you to keep as regular a correspondence with me as you can. If you would send me extracts of the letters you receive, and give me also a true view of the situation of affairs in each country, it would be a great help to me, and I should take it as a great kindnesse. I wish you would send me the Italian Gazette, which con tains the journal of the army in Italy, whereof I can make a good use here. You may send your packquets either by Belgrade or by Avay of Walachia, as you do to my Lord Paget. The latter I believe the surer, tho' the slower way. My Lord Paget will write fully to you about the Bills of Exchange, which I brought with me hither. There is nobody here that will ad vance mony without a certain gain ^neither is Oppehnimer, or the man he draws upon at Amsterdam, known enough to depend upon [ 156 j them. Besides, the bills, which are now become due, or will be before the arrival of this courier, are payable to the order oi the Treasury of War, and my Lord Paget will not run the risque of advancing mony upon bills payable to other people. Further, they are found short of the sum promised, which was 55,000 richsdollars, besides a losse there of 5 or 6 per cent, upon the exchange between richsdollars and dollars of this country. Upon the whole it is found the most convenient that the mony should be paid into your hands, if it be possible, and then one may safely advance it here. I believe my Lord Paget would be content to receive part of it at Amsterdam. But that place is so remote, that one cannot have any news of its being secured there before his Lordship's departure. I am confident there's but little hope of any satis faction in affairs without this mony, tho' it Avas promised without any condition that remains to be performed. I hope the publick will be the gainer by the change of our Parliament. I think I have nothing further to add besides the assurance? of my being very heartily, Sir, your most faithfull, humble servant, ROBT. SUTTON. Pray excuse the trouble I give you of the inclosed. [ 15? ] LETTER XCYIU. From the same to the same. Adrianople, 19lh Jan. 1701 — 2. Sir, — The Mufti having been formerly the Grand Signor's preceptor,* and being by the ascendant he hath got over him become the oracle in matters of state as well as religion, the Grand Vizir is so prudent as to avoid all occa sions of competition with him. There was heretofore no good understanding between them. But at present there are people who dextrously manage a better correspondence, and have very lately brought about an alliance between them, the Mufti's son having married one of the Grand Vizir's daughters since my arrival here. Abdallah Pasha, a youth of about 18 years old, and younger son of the Grand Vizir Kup- rogly, who was slain at the battle of Selankemen, is made a vizir with three tails. His elder brother Numan is basha of Eirom. The Janissar Aga is irrecoverably ill. The other day, as the Grand Signor went to perform. his devotion at one of the mosches of this city, one of the French Embassador's servants, in his livery, presented himself before him, and turned * On the deposition of Mustapha II. in 1704, this Mufti was beheaded; and Achmet III. who afterwards afforded a retreat to Charles XII. at Bender, was raised to the Ottoman throne. [ 15* ] Turk, upon which the Grand Signor ordered him to be carried to the Tefterdar, and care to be taken of him. The next day Monsieur Fonton, the French druggerman, went to the Grand Vizir's Kehaia to reclaim him, com plaining that he had stolen several things from his master. The Kehaia returned him a civil answer, telling him that inquiry should be made into the matter, and if the servant was found guilty, the Ambassador should have satisfaction, and he be corrected, Avhich was only a court put off, while the servant, by becoming a mussel- man, is secured from any prosecution. ROBT. SUTTON, LETTER XCIX. From Lord Hartford to the same. Venice, Jan. 29th6 Sir, — I could not answer to myself the letting pass this first post after my arrival at Venice to assure you how sensible I am of the innumerable civilitys I receiv'd from you, and how much I shall make it my study to seak all occasions to shew my gratitude. We arrived here but last Wendsday, after a very tedious as well as tiresome voyage. But now all is recom pensed, for we have most mighty doings here > four operas and as many comedies every night ; and beauties without number, who are so good C 159 ] natured as to take all occasions to pull off their masks, and-not let us, sighing over the case, be long without seeing the treasure it guards. Madam Mounego is the goddess by all the English adored, and 1 must say I think one of the finest AVomen that ever I saw. Le Chava- lier is much your humble servant ; he diverts himself as he says very well, but I have not been here long enough to know how he manages himself, or to whom he applys himself, for every body is in mask from morning till night, and often we do not know one another. I hope by that time I have been a little longer, I shall be able to give you some account of our divertions' better than this, in the mean time give me leave to assure you that there is no one more ready to serve you than your very humble servant, HARTFORD. Pray let me beg of you to make my compli ments to the Count and Countesse d'Epermonde. Mr. Gaugain is much your humble servant; he desirs me to tell you that he will not fail to write to you in a post or two. LETTER C. From Sir Rob. Sutton to the same. Adrianople, March 3 — 14, 1702. Sir, — The Courier Ammiraldi brought me some daies ago your favour of the 20th past, [ 160 ) for which and the inclosed papers I am very much obliged to you. I was very glad to find you had managed so well the matter of the bills of exchange, which I believe to be to the satis faction ofthe parties concerned. The way of Walachia may be surer for send ing letters than that of Belgrade; but I find the latter to be generally much quicker. When you make use ofthe former, you may be pleased to addresse them as you do those for my Lord Pagett. I cannot ascertain the time of his Lordship's parting hence, neither do I believe it yet fixed ; but you shall have notice of it be fore it happens. Yesterday was appointed for my audience of the Gr. Vizier; but the weather proving very cold, and a good quantity of snow falling in the morning, it was put off till to-morrow. That of the Grand Signor will follow in about six or seven daies. I am persuaded Mr. Montague* and his com panions will tell you this country does not * Mr. Montague had attached himself to Sir Robert Sutton's embassy, as his convoy to Titchi. The following is a letter which he wrote to Mr. Stepney on his way thither. Peterwaradtn, Dec. 2. Dear Sir, — I was very sorry I could not write to you from Buda, by reason of a little feaver I had, which has been very troublesome to me ever since, and is at present, by reason of several pains which it has left behind. It has put all thoughts out of my head of going further than Belgrade, except I find so great attention that is hardly to be expected. I shall not pretend [ 161 ] answer the expectations they had of it* in any respect ; and I am really sorry that it hath not afforded me a possibility of treating them with all the civility that they deserve, and I was de sirous to shew them. However, you may be. assured that I am so sensible of the kindness I have always experienced from you, that I will endeavour to expreSse my acknowledgment to all that are your friends or have the honour of your recommendation. They will tell you their own adventures at the Carnaval at Pera and Galata. They are re- turned hither without any provision of Circas-< to return you thanks for all kindnesses and sivilitysl have received^ and receive every day, from you, not being able, they being in SO great number. We have been to see the fortifications of this town. Not having strength enough as yet to see them all at once. HisExcelency desygns to go to-morrOw as far as Salancamen, having sent his Secretary last night to Belgrade with a letter. I wish he-may not stay long, for fear we should loose the fine wea ther. The weather is so fine here, that it is troublesome to stand in the Sun. The Count Gulderistorfl' arrived here a day before os, having staid one day and two nights at Valkover, eight miles' off. Sir William and Mr. Smith present there umble servises to you, and like the journey very well, but will never forget you and your good wine. We never fail drinking your health. Every body is very well, except one that has the small-poxe, which is Mr. Whally, We could not perswade the Doctor to give us a sermon last Sonday,' nor have any hopes of any as long as we stay, he being not willing to preach, except in form. This is all at present from him who is, and ever will be, Sir, your most umble and obedient servant. GEORGE MONTAGUE. Pray my service to Mr. Whitworth, and tell him I hope to see him before he can hear from me. M I 162 ] sians, which must be imputed either to their supposing it would be an affront to their fellow-travellers, the family of Mamuca, or to the stricknesse of the Turks, who are more cautious than ever of letting Christians enter into the market. I rejoyce to see our Parliament go on so roundly and resolutely, and don't question but their vigorous proceedings will be a great satis faction and encouragement to all our allies, and especially to the Court where you are. A very ridiculous notion is spread among the people here, as if we and the Dutch were joyned with the Emperor to their prejudice; while we find the French interest is gaining ground, a mark whereof is their being- gratified in all the demands they make. They have lately obtained a Hatteshetif, or imperial command for rebuild ing aRoman Catholic church at Babylon, which was demolished some time ago by order from this Court. About a week ago Cara Mustafa Pasha's son, a youth of 20 years of age or little more, was made a vizir of the bench. The Grand Vizir has been much troubled at the losse of his son, a child of something more than a year old. This is all the little news Ave have here at present. As any thing further hap pens, you shall have advice thereof. I suppose Mr. Whitworth will be removed to his post be- [ 163 ] fore this comes to your hands.* Its a very advantagious entry into the service, and I don't doubt but he will always pay you a due acknow ledgment for it. I am confident it could not be conferred on a more deserving person than him self, and I heartily wish him joy of it, and all the advantages that may follow it. I am very trulv, Sir, your most obedient humble servant, R. SUTTON. * This post was his appointment to Ratisbonne. The following letter is an early one of his correspondence with Mr. Stepney from thence. Ratisbonne, 20th Feb. 1703. Sir, — I have nothing to s3y at present, but to return my thanks for the favour of the 10th, and to wish you joy of your masquerade, your Courier, and your new commission. I hope you will be as good as your word, and come and see how1 we live at Ratisbonne. If itshould hav b'geeen this morning you would find me in a fair way for I treat some ofthe Ministers and their ladies to day, which is no small trouble to a young beginner. As for news, wee have none, but that the Saxons are arrived at Passau. What passes in those parts you will hear sooner, and from better hands, so that I shall not pretend to trouble you therewith when the dance is begun (as wee beleive it is already). Our Diette has not met since my last, but Mr. Rundte received two couriers yes terday, upon which he immediately went to the Director of Mentz, where he stayed some hours, tho' I cannot yet learn what his errand was. By the messenger who leaves this place to morrow Ishall send you the Map of Alsatia, which I have re ceived from Dr. Aglionby. He tells me in his letters ofthe 1.3th, that he has begun to correspond with you by the way of Ihnsprug. The French are making great preparations in Alsatia and he fears it is against the Forrest towns, tho' he and the Dutch mini ster designed to go in a few days to Araw to make the proposi tion for levying the troopes, and to try if they can persuade the Swiss to take care of the towns in the mean time. I am, with all imaginable passion and respect, Sir, &c. C. WHIT WORTH. M 2 [ 164 ] J beg the favour of you to forward the inclosed. I had almost forgot to thank you for the favour of your letter of Feb. 1, which I bad not ac knowledged before. The Project of Commerce, which Mr. Palm denies to have delivered to me, was given me by the President of the Chamber himself. As for the Counter-Project, I am no ways concerned for the success of it; it contains only what I esteemed requisite not to be omitted. If the Company promote the proposall, they may ap ply themselves to the Secretary of State, to procure his Majesty's directions to you there upon. In that case the Counter-Project will serve you only for a memorial, in Avhich you may insert or suppresse and alter whatever is judged convenient. LETTER CI. From the same to the same. Pera, Dec. 15th 1702.— OS. Sir, — I have nothing to add to my last of the 30th past, except what you will learn from Dr. Timone, concerning the change ofthe Chan of the Tartars* That people are so restless, and impatient of the peace with Muscovy, that they have endeavoured, by suggestions of the prepa rations made by the Muscovites for war, to em broil the Port in a quarrell with the Czar, r ^5 ] But these people, who have no mind to it, see through the trick, and have found no means so effectual to prevent their continual endeavours to make a breach, as to restore the old Han, a man of 70 years of age, and very infirm, averse enough to any novelties; and they have given him his son, now an exile at Rhodes, for his visir to assist him in the government. I am ever, with a real esteem and passion, Sir, your most faithful humble servant, R. SUTTON. I wish you a merry Christmas, &c. LETTER CH. From the same to the same. Peraqf Constantinople, Jan. 16,1702-3. Sir, — Dr. Timone will give you an account of his detention so long at Adrianople, and the occasion of it, as well as the deposition of 3ius- tafa Daltabare Pasha from the Vesirat, and the promotion of Mehmed Pasha, late Reis Effendi, to that post, which will doubtless be very well- come news where you are. I need not inform you of the warlike preparations made in this empire, which at first were given out to be intended to reduce the Tartars to obedience, but having been continued since their submission, [ 166 J seem to be designed against the Muscovites, though no guess can be well made about their destination, till it be seen what course the new Visir takes, which I shall inform you of in due time, leaving at present Dr. Timone to acquaint with all the passages that have happen'd since his arrival at the Port, The Levant Company having refer'd the management of their correspondence by Vienna to me, I have desired them to appoint a gratuity for Mr. Fury, for the trouble he will be at in forwarding the letters. The factors at this place have engaged to bear the expences of their own letters, till it can be known whether the Company will not be at the charge of all the letters of the particular members and factors thereof, The Venetian ambassador tells me you have received orders to be ready to go and mediate a peace between their Majesties of Stveden and Poland ; but I have the lesse belief of it, for that I don't understand Iioav you can be spared from Vienna, especially at this time. My servant Franchand, who passes into England, will receive your commands. He will tell you how matters are agreed at Peterwaradin, in order to the forwarding letters. I desire that none may be sent that way but mine, or such as are put under my cover, as it would be requi site the merchant's letters should be; otherwise due care will scarce be taken of them, I once [ 167 ] more beg the favour of you to send me the freshest advices of what passes in Christendome. A line or two from your secretary will be suf ficient, when you are busy. I am ever, with a real passion, Sir, your most faithfull, humble servant, ROBT. SUTTON: LETTER CIII. From the same to the same Per a of Constantinople, March 9 — 20, 1703. Sir, — By Blonsieur Talman, who arrived about a month ago at Adrinople, I received your favours of the 21st and 26th December past, which were delivered to my druggerman, without so much as a compliment for myself. Since that time I have neither heard a word from Monsieur Talman, nor from the Emperor's two Giovani di Lingue that are with him, and have been entertained a good while in my family, and equipped to make their journy thither with my mony. But I am not altogether unacquainted with High-Dutch civility. I have no news from Mr. Worseley, since his recovery, and pursuit of his journy from Buche- rest. 1 hope you have seen him safe at Vienna before this time. The whim took Ned Sayar, and made him leave me here, and pin himself [ 16* ] upon Mr. Worseley, I wish he may have been serviceable to him upon the road. I don't ex pect ever to hear from Sayar, having been such a fool as to lend him 201. which r.e will never be able to repay me. I come now to return you my thanks for your news, which Monsieur Talman had kept till it was a little stale. The conveyance by Peter-, waradin and Belgrade, which at first Avas very quick, proves now very uncertain, either thro' the negligence of the B. de Nehem, or of the Pasha of Belgrade. I moved the Levant Cqmpany in England, and wrote to 'em again hence, to persuade 'em tp send their letters by way of "Vienna, as the most expeditions and safe. They embraced the proposal, tho' other wise not very forward to leave their old road •, and since they have referred themselves to me in relation to the appointing an agent at Vienna to receive and forward their pacquets, I have desired them to settle a salary of acknowledg ment upon Mr. Fury. They allowed their former commissary at Marseilles 200 rixdollars per annum, and 1 suppose they will think he deserves as much. The conveyance by Bel grade not being yet Avell established, chiefly by reason of the jealousy of this Government, which does not permit any body to send expresse messengers but the Bassas of the frontiers, or such as have leave from the Grand Vizir ; and you know there are no posts here; besides the [ 169 ] suspicion I have that the Seraskier of Bel grade retains my letters longer then he needs, perhaps by reason of a custome he hath of writing news himself to the Port. I desire the favour of you, when you write me any thing of importance, to forward your letters by way of Wallachia, under Signor Cantacuzeno's cover, until I have had some experience of the other passage. Dr. Timone will have given you a full account of all that passed at the Port before his depar ture. It shall be my care to advise you of what shall happen in these parts for the future, tho' I must prepare you against expecting any great matters from hence. The ending ofthe dispute about Novi ought to be very acceptable to your Court, tho' not in a manner just to their palate. The strangling ofthe late Vizir was very happy for the neighbours of this empire. He was of so turbulent a spirit, that he breathed nothing but war. The checks put upon him by the Mufti in his administration were not to be born by such a temper, and put him upon a project of dethroning the Grand Signor, deposing and cutting off the Mufti, &c. which he would in fallibly have executed, had they not discovered his meaning, and prevented him in the nick of time ; for he was beloved to a folly by the soul- diery, and would suddenly have had his forces about him. He would have brought into the field this spring about 150,000 men. I don't [ 170 ] compute the troops they have now on foot to be much lesse, but dispersed about the country. The new levies have been continued since the promotion of the present Visir, and they appear resolved to remain armed. They are now rig ging out their fleet with great diligence, and building a good number of armed galeots, which they say are to be employed against the Georgians and Circassians; who do not pay their tribute regularly, and have lately committed some dis orders, taking a Turkish castle, and putting the garrison of an Oda of Janissaries to the sword. The artillery klately sent to Adrianople consists of 20 great and 30 small pieces. This arming rowses the fears of the Venetians as well as of the Muscovites, against which last the Tartars never cease their solicitations at the Port. The Venetian Embassador tells me, we are to have a fleet this year in the Mediterranean, and that which he does not seem to relish much, a squadron of frigats in their Golf; and that one Capt. Hall Avas arrived at Vienna, being ap pointed by the Queen to visit the Emperor's ports in the Golf, and put some or other of them in a condition to secure her Majesty's ships. I find, by the preparations on both sides, that this campaign is likely to be the trial of the strength of both parties, and probably a very active one, wherefore I cannot forbear renew ing my request to you to give me great part of the freshest advices of the transactions thereof, C 171 ] when you have not leisure yourself, by your secretary or any other, for we have to deal here Avith a vapouring, insulting people, thatgive even to their misfortunes a turn of successe and victory. My intelligences from England come but seldome, and are not so particular as yours; wherefore if you will favour me with them, it will be an obligation to me. I have nothing further to trouble you with at present, and there fore shall only assure you that I am ever very siicerely, Sir, yourmost faithfull, humble servant, ROBT. SUTTON. The inclosed pacquet for Mr. Varey require- ing hast, and it being of moment to me that it should be received by him some time before the departure of the Turky convoy, I take the liberty to recommend it to your care, to be for warded by the first post into England, not being willing to venture it to the readinesse of mv correspondents at Francfort or Amsterdam. I send this by way of Wallachia, by which the Venetian and Dutch Embassadors receive their letters from Vienna in 23 daies very fre quently. But the Dutch Ambassador is verv ill supplied with intelligences, receiving com monly nothing but the Vienna prints. The Venetian, very punctually and AVell, with advices from all parts of Christendome ; but he seldome communicates to me much more than the said prints, which are generally full of lies and false-r C 172 ] hood, and have quite lost the Dutch their credit for news in this country. Pray my service to Mr. Bruiniux and his lady, and any other of my acquaintances that ever have me in their thoughts. Methinks you are too long a parleying with the Elector Of Bavaria, if you were in a readi- nesse to attacq him. Why don't you send him after his brother, if he be in earnest resolved to be mischievous? Will the K. of the Romans be in the field this year or not ? The Princesse of Ragozzi,* Count Tekeli's lady, died lately (on the 1 8th past) at Ismit, the place of her husband's relegation, and her body being brought hither was carried Avith great ceremony, at which the French. Embassador assisted, to the Jesuits chappell, Avho made a fine castrum doloris for her. After her body had lain there some time, it was interred about a week ago; and the Bishop of this place, a native Roman, preached the funeral sermon, wherein he railed frankly against the Emperor for his inhumanity and injustice to her and her family. This I can vouch for a truth. The Port allows Monsieur Talman a house, and eight dollars per diem for his subsistence. * An insurrection in Hungary, against the Emperor of Ger many, broke out about this time, headed by Prince Ragozzi. It was favoured by the French and Bavarians ; earned on for some time with various success; and at length suppressed by the gallantry and talents of Prince Eugene. ¦L 173 1 Since Avriting this letter I have received one from Monsieur Talman, after a month's abode at Adrianople. It Avould be pardonable in your Vienna folks, if they were slow in nothing but compliment. LETTER CIV. From the same to the same- Pera of Constantinople, April 2 — 13, 1703. Sir, — I wrote to you so lately, and have so little to add, that I needed not to have given you this trouble, were it not to let you see that I omit no opportunity of sending you the little news wee have. The French Ambassador lately sent his chancellour and kinsman, Monsieur Blondel, with a druggerman named de Bru, with presents to Adrianople, where they staid about a fortnight; during which time Monsieur Blondel was several times with the Visir and the other Ministers negociating some mighty matters, which I cannot yet learn, neither has my druggerman so much as taken notice to me that Monsieur Blondel was at Adrianople. He went hence in disguise ; and when his departure was known, it was given out that he was gone to France to be married. Whether he made use of Monsieur de Bru, or Monsieur Fonton, who is a very able druggerman they have re siding at the Port, I cannot tell, but I perceive [174 ] that the former is designed for Nance, and Monsieur Blondel, Avho is now here, will jbgg back again to Adrianople to-day or to-morrow. If you receive this before my servant Tran- chard arrives from England, I should be obliged to you if you would procure him a passeport to run as an Imperial courier; by which means he will avoid being stopped at Belgrade, and other inconveniences. I am ever very passionately, Sir, your most faithful!, humble servant, ROBT. SUTTON. If Mr. Worseley be still with you, pray assure him of my services. I suppose Mr. Mon tague passed this carnaval at Venice. LETTER CV. From the same to the same. Pera pf Constantinople, May 22, O. & 1704. Sir, — I have none to acknowledge from you since your return to Vienna, and but little to impart to you hence. Neverthelesse I would not omit any opportunity of writing to you. The jealousies occasioned by the Turks' pre parations are over for this year, their only care this summer being to fortify themselves against the Muscovites. For this purpose the Capitan Pasha sailed lately with 1 1 ships of war and 23 gallies for the Streights of Crimea, where he is r 175 ] to cover those that are at work upon the fortresse and castles now building to secure that passage. I presume there was Tittle ground to fear any disturbance in the work from the Muscovites; but the frequent allarms and false reports raised by the Tartars have made some impression upon these people. They have sent about 6000 Janissaries to garrison the fortresse and castles. together with a sufficient number of canon and ammunition in good store. The compassion these people have for the Hungarian rebels was very visible upon the late advices of their defeat by Velt-Marshal Heister. They stood expecting better news from these parts. But however they wish their successe, they will contribute nothing towards it this year beyond the succours they have afforded them underhand. Not long .ago the French Ambassador, upon the. receipt of dispatches from France, sent his secretary into Hungary, who hath given advice of his being arrived with Prince Ragozzi. I hope their intrigues will not be able to obstruct the negotiation you have in hand, but that we shall suddenly hear the happy conclusion thereof. I am daily expecting my blundering secretary back,* with the more impatience by reason, I suppose, he will be full fraught with news, which cannot but abound in Christendome at - John Hcffcrman. Vide next Letter, i 176 ] this time. I am ever, with a real esteem and passion, Sir, your most faithful humble servant, R. SUTTON. You will please to give my service to Mr. Whiteworth. LETTER LIX, From Mr. HsJfperman lo ilfr.FuRY.* Sir, — I make use of this occasion to thank you most heartily for your particular kindnesse to me, while at Vienna, and to acquaint yOU, according to your one orders, of what happened us upon the road. You know we departed from Vienna the 23d past ; we made use of post-horses as long as we could find any, viz. to Verovidiza. From thence to Essek we were to meet the greatest dangers, not so much from the rebels as from the Wal lakes, who destroy the country more than the Hungarians, pillaging, burning, and killing wherever they come, even the Ras- cians, Avho are of the same beliefe and country; and when they have done, they retire into their mountains called Kleine Wallachey. Of those rogues there were 13 prisoners in Verovidiza at our arrival there; and, as Providence would have it, were to be convoyed next morning by 260 Im perial heiduks and hussars, and by 40 German foot * A Secretary to Mr. Stepney at Vienna. [ 177 ] soldiers to Essek. You may easily conceive how joytuUy we made use of this opportunity. In three daies we arrived at Essek, from whence we made the best of our way to this place. I must not omit to tell yea that the governor of Essek, Mon sieur Von Langhen, but more especially the Baron de Nehem, have been very civil and assist ing to us. Here I met a command from the Grand Vizir to this Pasha, with orders to furnish me with horses and other necessarys towards my journy; but tho' we insisted to have horses to go streight by land, the Pasha does not allow it, and therefore Ave take boat for Russick, where we are to have mansil or post-horses for Constan tinople. You Avill give me leave to present here my respectfull duty to Mr. Stepney; and remain, with great esteem and respect, Sir, your most humble and most obedient obliged servant, JOHN HEFFERMAN. Belgrade, June 5th, 1704, N.S. Mr. Chuno presents his service to Mr. Step ney, and to yourself. LETTER CVII. From Sir Rob. Sutton to the same. Per a of .Constantinople, June 21, 1704. Sir, — Tho' I have none to acknowledg from you, I would not omit any opportunity of ac quainting you how matters stand here. And f N [ 178 ] believe it will be a satisfaction to you to be assured that all things continue very quiet in these parts. The sending some thousand Janis saries to Belgrade and Temeswar may be taken notice of, but I dare affirm there is no ill design in hand, those troops being only intended to fill up the room of others who have deserted over to the Hungarian rebels. The present Visir is so Well inclined to observe the peace, that there is little reason to fear any rupture, unlesse the face of things alters considerably. It neverthelesse behoves the Emperor to make some speedy end of this rebellion and confusion; for there are two things to be apprehended, viz. either that this ministry* may be changed, or else that too apparent advantages may so far prevail upon the generality of these people, as to force the present ministry, tho' otherwise not disposed thereto, to lay hold of the opportunity. For example, if the rebels should make themselves masters of the frontier places, or of Transilvania, the torrent of this people would run so violently towards Avar, that it would be very difficult to stop it. We already see that the false reports spread among them, that the rebels have offered to deliver up to the Porte some places in Hungary, have raised a great ferment in all the people in gene ral. I hope the case will not happen in reality. * This' event shortly after occurred in the deposition of Mustapha. II. the Sultan, the murder of the Mufti, and the exaltation of Achmet III. to tho throne of Turkey. [ 179 ] When the French Ambassador's Secretary departed for Hungary, the Visir's Kehaya gave him a passeport, and letters of recommendation to the Prince of Wallachia. The said Prince hath likewise made several considerable remit tances from the French to the Hungarians, which he would not have presumed to do with* out leave of the Port. But notwithstanding: these and the other small assistances which these people have underhand afforded the Hungarians, your Court hath certainly reason to be satisfied with their moderation and conduct in this con juncture, which hath been greater than could well be expected from them. You would oblige me to order Mr. Fury to send me the prints and news regularly every post, because our merchants receive them fresher always from their conespondents at Vienna then I do. I am, with a real esteem and passion, Sir, your most faithfull humble servant, R. SUTTON. LETTER CVIIL From the same to the same. Peru of Constantinople, Aug. 18, 1704. Sir, — I have already acknowledged your favours received by Hefferman, since which >7 2 [ 180 ] there are none come to hand, tho' Mr. Fury advises me of one of the 9th past. We are very curious here in inquiring after what other people are a doing, but shall continue very peaceable, at least this year, and 1 hope you will take the tempt ation from us before the next. I am apprehen sive that the Port hath allowed the Cham of Tartary to wink at the passing of the Tartars into Poland in small bodies, so that they may disown the giving them leave. This is the method these people take to embroil the Poles and Muscovites, by fomenting their divisions rather thenentring into any quarrell Avith them, to which I do not perceive they have any sto mach. The discourse you have heard of the arrival of any Swedish envoy at the Port is a mere fable, or a pure suspicion of the contrary party. The French continue to give all the assistance and countenance they are able to the Hunga rians, in hopes of prolonging those disturbances, and perhaps of engaging the Port at length in the quarrell. Besides the remittances of mony, the French embassador hath secretaries and drog-- germen continually passing to and from Hun gary, and a great many French officers resort thither. But two things have extremely mor tified him of late, our successes in Bavaria, and the nomination of Lezinski by the Confederates of Poland for their king. Perhaps I might add a third, the Hungarians hearkening to proposals [ 181 ] of accommodation, cf which I should be very glad to be assured from you. I am ever, with a real esteem and passion, Sir, your most faithfull, humble servant, ROBT. SUTTON. I must beg the favour of you to let the in closed be put under your cover to Mr. Car donnel. LETTER dlK. From Mr. Cresset* to Mr. Stepney. Hanover, May 6, 1701. Sir,— I received the honour of your letter, dated Sept. 21st, from Francfort at Wyhusen last week, where I have been as much in motion out of the road as you have been in it, in fol lowing the Duke of Zell, according to my custome. I hope this Avill find you safe arriv'd at Vienna; where I heartily wish you your health in the first place, with all other satis faction and successe in your negociations. You ^will see by the inclos'd paper that I have not negglected what you desir'd of me, in relation to this Court of Hannover. I acquainted both the Electorf and Duke of Zell, that his Majesty * The English resident at the Electoral Court of Hanover. t George Lewis, eldest son of Ernest Augustas, (who was first Elector of Brunswick Lunenburg,) by the Princess Sophia, grand daughter of James I. George I. was born May 28, lfiGO; and I 182 ] had given you orders to employ his good offices in their favour at the Imperiall Court, and that you were very ready to execute them ; but at the same time I presumed it Avas necessary to informe you rightly of their intentions, that you might know in what manner you were to serve the family in its present situation. After the usuall complements upon such occasions, a con ference was order' d to be held by the Minesters of both Courts, the result of which was to draw up a formall memorial in writing for you, which I now convey to you, and am persuaded you will not be sorry to have so fare a guide for your conduct in that affaire. I have not fail'd to make your complement to the Eleetresse ad interim, till you write yourselfe from Vienna. The Eleetresse received it graciously, with ex pressions of great goodnesse. She told me she had already wrote to the Queen of the Romans in your favour; but (if you desire it) I can easily persuade her to write again on purpose, tho' I would first present your letter to H, Elect. Highnesse here, to make your Court ascended the throne of England in 1714. His speech, shortly after his arrival in England, paints, in a few words, his candid and noble character. " My maxim is, never to abandon my " friends ; to do justice to all the world ; and to fear no man." Had not the order of the succession to the throne been changed by the exertions of King William (of immortal memory), and his successor Queen Anne, the contest for the British crown would have been between the Pretender, and the House of Savoy, v bo derived their claim from the Princess Henrietta, daughter of Kiug Charles I. L »» J entirely. You may imagine the old lady* will all way es be a little suspected upon the point of cadettericf , and not without reason. The Electour has order'd Monsieur Oberg to assist and intro duce you every Avhere to the best of his power and interest. We are raising two regiments here for the service of the State, one ofhorse, another of dragoons, which are to be compleated by the last day of next month. Wolfenbutel is raising- five regiments of horse and dragoons with French money. Count Roppach is gone from * She was fourth and youngest daughter of Frederic king of Bohemia, and Elizaoefh of England, only daughter of King James I.; and born at the Hague the 3d of October, 1630. In the year 1658, she married Ernest Augustus duke of Brunswic and Lunenburg, (fourth and youngest son to George duke of Lunenburg,) who, in 1662, succeeded Count Francis of Wirtem- berg in the bishopric of Osnaberg. In 1680, on the death of his eldest brother, John Frederic, duke of Hanover, Ernest Augustus succeeded him also in that dignity ; and in the yearv1692, he received the investiture of the Electoral dignity of Brunswic- Lunenberg. This Prince died the 23d January, 1698, having had by the Princess Sophia six sons, George Lewis (afterwards King George I.) Frederic Augustus, Maximilian William, Charles Philip, Christian, and Ernest Augustus ; and one daughter, Sophia Dorothy, who, in the year 1684, became the second wife of Frederic, the third King of Prussia. The Prin cess Sophia was one of the most accomplished and excellent women of her age. At once good and great, she was a perfect example of all those virtues which have been reflected on her illustrious descendants. t This alludes to the Prince Maximilian, the cadet, or younger brother of Prince George ; who seems to have been rather the favourite of Sophia, though less worthy of affection than his virtuous elder brother. Maximilian served with credit in the allied armies ^and was killed in the memorable battle of Ra- millies ia 1706. C I84 1 hence to speake with Duke Antony, (I am sure) to little purpose. You may depend upon my exactnesse in corresponding with you, as well by duty as inclination, being extreamly glad of all occasions to renew the assurances of my being unchangeably, with esteem and respect, Sir, &c. JAMES CRESSETT. LETTER CX. From the same to the same. Hanover, May 26, 1701. Sir, — I hope you long since received the memorial I sent you from hence, under Count Plater's cover to Monsieur Oberg, tho' some times our old Minesters here are sufficiently lazy and neggligent. The Electoresse has also done all you desired from her, and that in a very oblidging manner. I am now to return you my acknowledgements for the favour of yours of the 11th instant, which came not to me before last Monday. I perceive you are now in your har- nesse, and I wish you may goe on successfully, tho' our drones at Westminster doe Avhat lyes in them to spoil your negociation. You are so Avell inform'd of what we are able to doe in these Courts, that I can seldom give you any new intelligence from hence, worth your curi osity. Zell and Hanover have furnish'd (as [ 185 ] you already knoAv) 6000 men for the service of the States. Our Electour raises two regiments more for the same service, one of horse, another of dragoons, which will be compleated next monthe, and may march in July. The sayd two Courts retain at home J 2,000 men effective, and is no more than what is necessary to pre serve them from the insults of bad neighbours; especially since France does in good earnest assist Duke Antony with considerable subsidy's for raising new levy's, oblidgeing him to keep 9000 men on foot, which he will soon have. Count Roppach and Vondermeeir, the Dutch commissary, have been upon a sleevelesse errand at Wolfenbutel; and after having prostituted themselves to the diversion of the French En voy, (who has taken a commission for colonel of horse in the Wolfenbutel service,) they are re- turn'd as wise as they went thither. I know not how Lord Raby manadged his Prussian complement at Berlin ; but I hear the Imperial Minester is by no means pleas'd there. We have made such prodigal 1 offers in Denmarke, (which, however, by yesterday's letters from Copenhagen have yet effected nothing in re ality,) that Ave have only disoblidged Sweeden, by negglecting it every way at the same time; and 'twill not be strange, if, after all, neither of the Northern crowns enter heartily into our interest. The Dane will never let the House of Gottorf he quiet; and as to the late busy- [ 186 } nesse at Lubec, great irregularitys are com mitted, and the treaty of Traverdall much af fronted. Old Duke Rudulf Auguste of Bruns wick has left his left-hand wife; and 'tis to be hop'd he will marry, and have heirs to that dutchy. I presume Mr. Sutton* has left Vienna ere this ; so that I shall aim at him at London, to return him thanks for his adieu of the 4th in stant, in which paper was also the news of your arrival where you now are ; which I likewise ac- knoAvledge, desireing you to command me freely in all things, whereby I may shew you that I am, with great esteem, Sir, yours, &c. JAMES CRESSETT. LETTER CXI. From the same to the same. Hambourg, Jane 10th, 1701. Sir, — I Avill not leave this place without ac quainting you that, by his Majesty's order, I have been here with the Duke of Holsteyn, to engadge that Prince to employ all his credit with the King of Sweden,* in favour of the common cause, and to obtain (if possible) a * Sir Bobert Sutton, Knight of the Bath, shortly afterwards envoy extraordinary to the Ottoman Port. » Charles XII. t 187 ] body of Swedes to enter into the States service. I cannot yet promise any thing as to the successe of such a negociation ; but am persuaded the Duke will doe his best to second the- intentions of the King our master, notwithstanding all French artifices to the contrary. 'Tis not im possible but his Highness may take a journey himselfe, to speake with the King of Sweden in person in Livonia. You see by this means the Saxon expedition is at least deferred, if not quite lay'd aside. I have likewise had the good fortune to breake some other ill measures which were takeing for the present ; young princes being apt to be surprized, though never soe Avel inten- tion'd otherwise. If the Imperial Court con tinues to chagrine the Crown of Sweden as for-, merly, we must not hope to receive any kinclnesse from thence. The coadjutorship of Lubec fur nishes new matter. Mr. Stralanheim Avill give you the factotum ; and, as you will finde it wel founded, it will be a great obligation to the Court of Sweden, as wel as to the House of Gottorf, to have the say'd case favourably spake of at Vienna, by the English Minester. I am just this moment going for Bruckhasen, where both the Courts of Zell and Hannover are at present. You will hear again of me when I reach my old post. In the mean time I am with great esteem and respect, Sir, &c. JAMES CRESSETT. [ 188 J LETTER CXII. From the same to the same. Hanover, 24th June, 1701. Sir, — I return you my acknowledgements for your favour ofthe 8th instant, which 1 received butyesterday. Your letter for the Electoresse, I delivered myselfe into their own hande, last night, makeing your court sufficiently to h. Elect. Highnesse at the same time. She has great hope in your dexterity, as to what concerns that rake of a prince her son Maximilian, and from time to time, you will know her mind through the canal of the Queen of the Romans. For the sake of our succession in the Protestant line, I hope you will be able to confound the devices of Father Wolf. Madame Belmount is much your servant, as I presume she will tell you herselfe, when she answers your letter. In the mean time, as her Ladyship's secretary, I am charg'd to let you know, you are mightily in favour with the young English heiresse, her chief female favourite. I have after all this thought it proper, in a serious manner, to acquaint the Electour of your having receiv'd his memoriall, and told him that you had desired me to assure his Elect. High ness, that you would not fail to execute the con tents of it, soe farre as it lay in your power. [ 189 ] Thus you have the interests of the primogeni ture and cadetterie in your hands; how to adjust them requires no small skill. I wrote to you lately from Hambourg, and then informed you that I was, by his Majesty's order, labouring to engadge the Duke ofHolstyn to act for us in the Swedish Court, to some solid ende and purpose. I have succeeded inpromise, and may truely say he pay'd me in my own coin. Time must shew the effect of my negociation ; but in the'north, empty hands scarce ever finish'd any work. Both you and I know, by sad experience, what it 4s to preach to the desert ; or, rather, to be ordered to make brick without straw. Duke Antony may chance to be a little puz zled with his French army, in case things goe well in Italy for the Emperour, The Duke of Zell, is still heron-hawking at Brockhusen, as that court had been at Luxumbourg. I know not what is become of Lord Raby, tho' they say he is gone from Berlin, and is to pass by this way. I am, with great esteem, Sir, &c. JAMES CRESSETT. I am to return thanks for two of your news papers; one signed by yourselfe of the 1st inst, another of the 4th inst. from Mr. Whitworth, to whom I beg you to give my humble service. [ 190 ] LETTER ICXIIL From the same to the same. Hanover, July 8, 1701. Sir, — Having no letter of yours to acknow ledge, nor any thing new to write to you from hence, you should not have been troubled with ine this post, had not the Electoresse last night desir'd me to convey the inclos'd ; which I hope, will come safe to your handes. The good old lady is troubled about her son Maximilian : it may be more than he deserves, for, in the bottom, his. cause is now chiefly the Catholicke cause, jumbled together with the French for disturb ing the House of Hanover. The Duke of Zell is still here, and has made a longer visit than ordinary. The minesters of both Courts are this day layipg their foolish noddles together, I presume about furnishing the Imperiall Court with troopes, if they can hit upon a convention. Every thing depends upon the success of your army in Italy. I am, with very great esteem, Sir, JAMES CRESSETT. [ 191 ] LETTER CXIV- From the same to the same. Hanover, July 13th, 1701. Sir, — I am to return you my acknowledge ments of your favours at once, of June 29, and of the 6th inst. The Prince Max. might have prick'd up his eares five dayes ago, if he had heard that our young Electoral Prince was taken ill, with all the symptomes of having the small-pox ; but it prov'd to be only the meazles, and he is already wel again, though he must be prisoner in his chamber for some few dayes. The Garter is for the father, and not for the son, as was reported by mistake. I am fully persuaded 'tis likewise an errour in those who fancy that the former cares for nothing that belonged tons; for I never perceiv'd but that he lov'd us as much and as wel as any body else can pretend to doe. I wish you success in your laudable designe of holding your noble cadet* to the principles of Protestantisme ; with submission, I thinke you had best begin withinspiringhim with those of Christianity. I know not how squeamish his conscience or stomach may be grown at Vienna; but (unless when under the surgeon's hands) he Avas never observed to be scrupulous in his dyet, * The Prince Maximilian William, Second son of the Princess Sophia. [ 192 ] Avhether fish or flesh. The good mother is to be pitty'd; but (in plain English between you and me) she has fiatter'd the younger brotherhood too much, though not out of any ill meaning. Their best friends will tell 'em truth, whether it be pleasing or not. Wolfenbutel's engadgements Avith France are not like to produce any good for the say'd Princes ; since Duke Antony pre tends to the Dutchy of Zell for himself, upon the old story of their grandsire. The French Envoy musters his forces between Brunswick and Wol fenbutel, and making a terrible bustle in their neighbourhood. They will really have a body 9000 men when compleated ; more than enough to check us here, and render us useless to the publick. Count Roppack (with whom I drank your health here) will tell you more of those matters. The Duke of Holsteyn seems a little too slippery for us to rely entirely upon him in this conjuncture. My old acquaintance, B. Veling, has too much credit with him, and I fear may have a little infected that Prince with his Gallicisme ; at least I suspect some such thing upon two just grounds: that serpent of a Swede being incorrigible as to his French in clination; 'tis an inveterate disease, of which even his own interest cannot cure him. I am this day going for Zell with my family, and know nothing of the questions you mention ,as yet, when they are to appear. I am only sure [ 193 ] that I wish you health and prosperity; and am always with sincere esteem, Sir, JAMES CRESSET. LETTER CX?. From the same to the same. Hanover, Oct. 13, 1701* Sir,-* — I have been troubled with a fluxion for. some days past, and besides, I had nothing worth Avriting to you ; but however, I ought to ask your pardon for not acknowledging sooner your last favour of the 17th. I am, at the same time, charged with Mons. Oberg's complements for you. He Avent into the country two days since, upon his own private affaires, and desired me to tell you he would write to you at his return ; he speakes of you in such termes as you deserve, and expresses much esteem for you. The Duke of Zell has brought the Prince, his grandson, safe back to Hannover ; and is gone to his old walkes at Goen. My intention being to goe a a little further than Loo this winter, I did not desire to follow my old Trojan thither ; but have obtain'd his Majesty's 'gracious leave to make a step into England shortly. I know you want no friendes to serve you there, but you will give me leave to offer myselfe if I get thither ; assuring you that I shall take a great pleasure o [ 194 J in receiving any commission from you, and that I will performe it faithfully. I do not designe to be absent from my post above six weekes, leaving a wife and children in pawn ; but my two Courts hinder me from setting forth so soon as I would doe, having really troublesome neighbours to deal with ; with whom there is no safty. The Danes hang back, and refuse to march as yet for Holland. The Saxons are now likewise got home ; and hitherto we cannot be sure of what either! resolve to doe. We have more hope of Sweden than ever, as to a body of troops in these parts ; and if your Court can hold the slippery Majesty of Poland, our party may yet not be ill made in these parts. You know the new confusion at Berlin ; and there will pro bably never want matter of like nature in that Court during this reign. I heartily wish you constant health, with all prosperity, and am, with sincere esteem, Sir, &c. JAMES CRESSETT. LETTER CXVI. From the same to the same. Hannover, Oct. 30, 1701. Sir,--— I cannot part from hence without ac quainting you of it, and assuring you at the same time of my most humble service; I hope to get loose some day this week, and to set out for Holland, where I shall stay no longer than the [ ^95 ] windemay force me to doe; my private affaires, (as any body may imagine,) after eight years absence, require my care in England for a few weekes, which his Majesty is pleas'd to grant ; and I propose only two months absence from hence at most. If you thinke me fit for your service in any way Avhen I reach London, you will doe me justice in believing that I shall re ceive your commands with great pleasure, and our friende Mr. Ellis may convey them safe to me. If Sir Robbert Sutton has not yet left you, I desire the favour of you to give him my humble service. The Turkey Company in England (supposing warre in the Mediterranean sea) have projected a new way for opening their commerce through Germany. The Duke of Zell will facilitate the designe through his country ; and (I presume) his Prussian Majesty will doe the like. You will have the largest extent of territory to negociate through the Emperor's dominions if this matter goes on, which seems not impracticable. Here is nothing- new. I left the Court of Zell last week in the Forrest of Goer, and the Duke, who was then in perfect health ; but I heard last night from thence that his Highness had the gout in one of his handes. I wish you constant health, and all sort of satisfaction being, Avith great truth, Sir, &c. JAMES CRESSETT. I am to acknoAvledge the nev/s of the 8th inst. o 2 [ 196 ] LETTER CXVIL From the same to the same. Hannover, March 2d, 1102, Sir, — I should doe myself the honour of writing to you much more frequently, if I had any matter here worth your curiositie. I know the merit of insignificant letters, to men who receive more than they can turn their hands to of reall businesse. Mr. Whitworth shall hear of our nothing that passes here oftener than it de serves, in respect to postidge ; for the truth onrt is, except what is stirring by way of dance, &c. during the Carnival, here is nothing to be told. I begin to hope Prince Maximilian may be quieted for the present ; but if he remains here after in the priest's handes as formerly 'tis but so much money given to them. Duke Antony of Wolfenbutle is at present indisposed. I wish we may be able so to unite the forces of the whole family, that the Emperour and his allye, may finde some considerable assistance from it; which I take to be the ende of all our manadge- ment of 'em every where. I hope we are in a fair way of making the Electour of Cologne sensible of his errour, and that within a few Aveekes he will see his folly. The elder brother (l'me affray 'd) is in a situation not to be frig-hted out of his new friendship with France. I return [ 197 1 you my acknoAvledgements for your oblidging present which I have received, and shall ever be with great respect and esteem, Sir, &c. JAMES CRESSETT. LETTER CXVIII. From the same to the same. Brunswick, March 20, 1702. Sir, — It has been impossible for me of late either to receive the letters you have pleased to favour me with, or to acknowledge them with any regularity. The troublesome bustling affayres of this family, having put me into so much motion, that I can't tell when I shall be so quiet as I ought to be, to thank you for your kinde correspondence. Your letter of the 4th inst. was sent me with others, which came to me here last night, by expresse, from Hannover; and as I am quarter'd here in the Imperiall post-house, my Secretary stopt another of the 8th inst. and brought it to me just now. So soon as I can get at our old Dowager I will not fail to make the complement you desire upon her son's agreement, and I wish also Prince Christian were satisfy'd. You may guess by the date of this paper, that I am not here for nothing. The King, our master, has sent me with some strong lines to Duke Rudolf Auguste [ 198 J pressing him to quit his French engadgements, and to shew himself a true Prince of the empire; that Vienna thunderbolts ly dormant, but may be produced in case of reall use. The neigh bours are working about something without doors, so that by next post you may expect to have from me the same account of matters that I shall sende to Court, for we doe not yet know- whereabouts we are. If we can cleare this coast ofthe French and open the Lower Rhin, 'twill be no ill beginning of a campagne. I wish you joy of your successe in finding the King of the Romans to head the army. 'Twill I fancy give it more life. Our master had a fair escape,* but it frighted all honest men in England. Pray give my service to Monsieur Ob erg, and tell him the businesse of his masters is at this hour actually in a fair way of being done by some meanes or other. I wish they may be fair, but I doubt a little violence will be necessary to open the eyes of the stiffnecked blinde ; but resolutions are taken not to leave the French posted in these two great garrisons, and they must be put in execution, cost what it please, and we shall now soon see Avhether Lewis has not been deceived. I am, &c. JAMES CRESSETT. Just as I am closing this paper a great rumour is rais'd of the Lunenbourghers having enter' d ' King William's fall from his horse, on the 21st Feb. 1702; which occasioned his death on the ensuing 8th of March. [ 149 ] theDutchy of Wolfenbutel, and having carry'd off a great part of the new rais'd French horse ; but I know not the truth of this yet ; you shall hear of it soe soon as J doe. LETTER CXIX. From the same to the same. \ Brunswick, April 21, 1702. Sir, — I came hither last Wednesday with my tackle from the Queen to Duke Rudolf Auguste. I am not to say I have dipt him in the grande alliance, but you may depend upon his being no friende to France at present. The agreement is sign'd between Zell and Hannover on the one side, and Duke Rudolf on the other, so that the the troops will withdraw to-morrow. The Han- noveriaus ease this family of 1000 horse and 2400 foot. I believe I may take two old batallions likewise for the Queen's service. If you can assist Mr. Oberg in procuring some Imperiall eneouradgement for our old Duke to keep up his spirits in his government ; 'twill be of good effect. I mean some letter from the Emperour to him on this occasion. I am has tening from hence, and only have time to tell you that I hope here's an end of this farce. I return you my thankes for the favour of yours of the 8th inst. and ever am, &c. JAMES CRESSETT. r 200 ] LETTER CXX. From the same to the same. Hannover, May 2, 1702. Sir, — In returning you my ' acknowledge ments for your last favour of April 6tb, I am to acquaint you that an English groom with two horses for you, and a servant of Mr, Planta- mour's have been here, and Avent forward on their Avay to Vienna this morning. I gave your groom the valu of 51. to help him as farre as Dresden, Avhere he has credit. Our friende Powys desir'd me to advance him nothing beyond that summe. The horses are in good order. These Courts have order' d to march about S000 horse six days hence, for the lower Rhin. ,We might follow with 11 or 12,000 more, horse and foot, if we were a little assisted, but tho' the State cry out for succour, and have sent an expresse to desire our whole force, they make but poor proposals to put us in motion ; and the truth on't is, we are really necessitous. We cannot yet be clear in what Ave may depend upon from the Saxons ; and I wis!) they and the Swede", doe not spoil our affayres in these parts. Pray let me know whether you have any sure grounds for believing, G. Bariere to be the dis,-s t 2°1 ] perser of the suppos'd treaty between the Em perour and his Polish Majesty : that, if once prov'd, Avould be a meanesto trace the thing up to its author, which (probably enough) may be my friende Veling. I ever am, &c. JAMES CRESSETT. LETTER CXXI. From the same to the same. Hannover, May 5, 1702. Sir, — 'Tis chiefly to return you my acknow ledgements for your favours ofthe 15th and 22d of April, that I write to you at present ; far God be thanked, all is quiet here, and I have not a word of news to send you. I hope you and Mons. Oberg will have remember' d to hasten what is necessary at the Imperiall Court for holding Ralpho, now we have him; and keeping from doing mischief, at least for some time. 1 have acquainted the Electour with your readiness to follow the orders of the Queen our mistresse, in what related to the Electorate, as well as to every thing else con cerning his interest at Vienna; and if that is any pleasure to you, I can assure you I have made your Court very effectually to him. I presented yesterday to the Electoresse one of the most pblidging letters I have seen from her Majesty [ 202 ] written in her own hand. My friend Veling is capable of inventing many fine things ; and, for ought I know, may be the author of foisting in that false article you mention, in the treaty be tween the Emperour and King of Poland. All the French Swedes, who are numerous, blow the coal to incense the young King of Sweden upon this occasion. We have 10,000 good men, and some fit to serve the publick; but they can't make bricks without straAV, and if we will have 'em we must assist 'em some way or other, I allways am, &c. &c. JAMES CRESSETT. My Lord Mount Hermon dy'd here this 'morning'. ' LETTER CXXII. The Duke of Buckingham* to the same. St. James's Park, Oct. 26, 1703. I have been always a lover of pictures, but especially of that kind you have lately sent me, * John Sheffield, Marquis, and afterwards Duke of Normanby and Buckinghamshire, was made lord privy seal in 1702 ; from which office he was removed to admit the Duke of Newcastle into it, in 1705. It is said that the Marquis (when Earl of Mul- grave) made his addresses to the Queen (then Princess Anne) some years before her marriage with the Prince of Denmark ; and [ 203 ] which, so well drawn, are perhaps the most necessary sort of knowledge in the managing of business. Parts and prudence may pretend to all; but temper and humour have as great a share in the most important affaires every where; and I would gladly compound for that at Vienna, where I doubt the French K. puts in for a part too, or else the Savoy messenger had not waited so long for an answer, at the very nick of time when all expedition was necessary. For this last piece of yours, I believe I am beholding for once to the prints you mention, tho' no truer in this than usual; for notwithstanding my good Avishes and poor endeavours have been pretty eager in this whole affair, (which I fancy the ground of that report,) yet I should grudge at taking a needless trouble of meer compliment ing a Prince, unripe for any thing more at though his addresses were checked as soon as discovered, yet she always retained a great regard for him.— Tindal's Contin. iii. p. 546, note. Swift, iu the Examiner, has paid the following tribute of respect to the public character ofthe Duke. " The pre sent Lord Steward has been always distinguished for his wit and knowledge ; is of consummate wisdom and experience in affairs ; has continued constant to the true interest of the nation, which -he espoused from the beginning ; and in every way qualified to support the dignity of his office : but in point oloratory, must give place to his predecessor."— No. 26, p. 162. Dryden, in his Absolom and Achilophel, has drawn a very different picture of the Duke; but Dryden was a poetical and political pander, with whom character was " a trifle light as air," when balanced against the venom of his party spirit, or his auri sacra fames. See the lines beginning with " Some of their chiefs were princes ofthe land ; f In the first rank of these did Zimri stand," &c. [ 204 ] present; so that I am sure the Queen never thought of it, and you have satisfied my curi osity sufficiently. If you did not know Vienna so well, you might Avonder at, and scarce be lieve, my espousing heartily their cause so long, without their at all beleeving, scarce knowing, any thing of it. But of this trifle, and many other oversights of more consequence, Count Wratislo is *the occasion, whose discretion ap pears yet more by a certain information we have received lately, that he openly, in Holland and elsewhere, exclaimed against the Minestry of England, for obstructing the Queen's paying his master's quota for Portugal, till the Dutch, he said, forced us to swallow it. These things, added to his discretiou in assuring us all here, even till his very departure, that 'twas in vain to hope for his master's ever suffering his son to come away, tho' his Embassadors at Lisbon had engaged for it, are enough for your satisfaction about him, I am sure, and indeed for any body's you think fit to acquaint with it, in order to prevent that Court's being misled hereafter, by his mistaken information. I am sorry it hap pened so that you could not make use of the Queen's permission ; but I hope, the Savoy business once settled, you will have that satis faction. 1 am, Sir, your very humble servant, BUCKINGHAM, C. P. §. [ 205 ] Just now we have received so hopeful an ac count both from Portugall and Spain itself, of which you will, I suppose, receive an account in Mr. Secretary's dispatches, that the Emperor will begin to think his son not thrown away, and his lady mother herself grow a little contented. LETTER CXXIII. From the Duke of Somerset* to the same. London, April the 4th, 1104. I am very much out of countenance that I have not answer'd yours of soe long a datte that I dare not mention it, but I doe depend entirely on your goodness to forgive it, especially when I tell you the true reasons that have been the occasion of it, which is soe incumbent on me to doe, that I must forbear noe longer. Some part of this time was taken up by my attendance on the King of Spayn, when hee was unfortunately drovebackagainto Portsmouth; and in hastening all things there necessary for his Catholic Ma- * Charles Seymour, Duke of Somerset, Earl of Hertford, Viscount Beauchamp, and Baron of Hache, in the county of Somerset, Baron Seymour Beauchamp of Hache, and Baron Seymour of Trowbridge, Chancellor of the University of Cam bridge, and Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter ; Privy Counsellor, and one of the Governors of the Charter- House ; Lord of the honours of Cockermouth, Cumberland, and Petworth, Sussex, in right of Elizabeth his Dutchess, who was heir to the baronies of Percy, Lucy, Poynings, Fitzpayne, Bryan, and Latimer. He had, in the year preceding the date of this letter, been made Master of the Horse by Queen Anne. [ 206 ] jesty's expedition, which I did with soe good success, that noe time was lost, for the moment the wind became fayre, all was ready for the King's sayling again. Hee most hapily got to Lisbon in thirteen dayes from St. Hellen's, whereof we had an account by letters of the 29th Feb. ; the particulars you have heard from other hands, soe I will not repeat them. Since that account we have not heard from Portugall, which you may be surprised at ; but indeed I am not, for there have been such a general re missness in all that affair, that it would bee too long to tell you all. The Queen did order, four months agoe, more packett boats to bee built, that letters might goe and return every week ; but as yett I cannot learn that they are yett gone out, tho' I was told by a Secretary of Statte certainly this week they would begin to goe, but I will not believe it till I see it. Wee are very impatient for the next letters, for they may bring us some perticulars that may promise a sure prospect of success to our armes, which is heartily Avished by all true Englishmen. At my return from Portsmouth the House of Lordes did take under their consideration the examination of the Scottish conspiracy; and after having read and consider'd these papers relating to it, they found that they were very imperfect and obscure ; on which they resolv'd to apoynt a comittee of seven Lordes, whose names I need not mention, for you must have [ 207 ] them already. This comittee continued sitting1 for three weekes together, and mett every morn ing at ten o'clock, and satt till as latte at night at my house; afterwardes 1 reported to the House of Lordes what wee had discover'd more than the Lord Nottingham had done, whereby wee have made it plain to a demonstration, that there was a design intended of an invasion in Scot land by troopes, that Avere to bee sent from France, and of money and armes to bee sent at the same time, and many great men of that country were to rise and joyn the French when they landed. The perticulars that were reported are ordered to bee printed, and will be out in ten dayes. If I knew how to send this booke you should have it by the first opertunity, with some more good things wee have done ; in short, wee have finish'd this sessions mighty well, notwith standing all have been fought inch by inch. Wee have layde this Avholle matter before the Queen, without observations, and resolutions thereon : the resolutions I have enclos'd. This is what have taken up my time soe much, that I could not sooner acknowledge your favour, soe I doe hope you will put the right construction on my silence, and forgive mee. After I re- ceiv'd yours, the very next post I did writte a letter to Mr. Cunningham to discharge him, which is done. And now I must again trou ble you, and beg you to find mee out a fitt person to take the charge of my son's education [ 208 ] on him, to give the finishing stroake as is proper for one of his quality to bee perfected in. The Parlaiment was yesterday prorogu'd untill the 7th of July next. The Queen's speech, of course, is always sent you ; soe I need not this post say more then that I am, with very much truth, your very, very humble servant, SOMERSET. LETTER CXXIV. From Wm. Puxteney,* Esq; to the same. Prague, July 17, 1705. Sir, — ¦ After having given you so much trouble at Vienna, I should not have thus continued it anv farther, were not I sensible that both Mr. Newport and I lye under an indispensable obli gation of desiring yonr pardon for the many in conveniences we gave you, and returning you our thanks for all your civilityes. Your' care and concern for Mr. Newport, duriiig his sick ness, was so great, that I am sure it can be no bad news to you, to hear of our safe arrival here, for tho' we were stop'd the first day by a return of his feaver, yet he has since been very well, and perform'd the journey to a miracle. The other gentlemen were gon for Dresden, and wee '•» Made Secretary at War by George I. immediately after his succession in 1714. He was eldest sou of Sir Wm. Pulte.ney ; and ancestor of tho present Earl of Bath. He died in 1715. [ 209 ] shall follow therri to-morrow, there bein^ little to be [seen here after having drove about the town ; which is outwardly very pretty, but, like the worthy Chancellor, has very little within. But having seen Italy, we must not expect to find paintings, cabinets, or any such curiositys to take up our time, therefore we shall make the shorter stay in all these towns, and hasten, where we long to be, in England. Not but that I shou'd be extreamely glad to stay some time at all the Courts, could I be introduced ; but I de spair of meeting with such civilitys from any body else as we did from you. Give me leave, Sir, to wish to see you shortly in England, recall'd from a Court, where the love of your own country, and zeal for its reli gion, can never be agreeable; and preferr'd^ equall, if possible, to your own deserts, or our wishes. I am, Sir, &c. WM. PULTNEY. Letter cxxv. From Mr. Tilson* to Mr. StepneY. Berlin, 19th April, 1704. Sir, — The Swedish Envoy here continues Still incognito, being not yet instructed to re- * Secretary to Thomas Wentworth, Lord Raby, minister at the Court of Berlin ; created Viscount and Earl o( Strafford in 1711. V [ 210 ] reive his audience according to the late cere monial. If Sweden resolves to make difficulties, their envoy is like to'remain incognito ; for this Court is solemnly engaged, both to England and Denmark, not to admit an envoy from any crown'd head, upon other terms thanthey have already thought fit to comply with. How ever, Mons, Leyonstett has made a relation of the state and nature of the ceremonial, and has had an account that his relation has been re ceived and read, and he expects his Swedish Majesty's resolution thereupon in a post or two. His Majesty]- came from Potsdam to Lutzen- burgh last Monday, and din'd with the Queen ; f " Eighty years," says Wraxall, in his Memoirs, &c, written in 1777, " have| not as yet elapsed, since the period when this '^powerful monarchy, which now occupies so distinguished a rank " among the States of Europe, was only a German Electorate, " whose Sovereign was Duke of Prussia." The Prussian great ness is the work of four successive prinees. Frederick William, called " the great] Elector," laid the foundations by his wisdom, valour, and policy. In the course of half a century he emanci pated the Dukedom of Prussia from its feudal subjection to Po land, and rendered the Electors of Brandenburg the most pow. erful princes of the north, under the rank of crowned heads. The vanity of the son continued and embellished the fabrick, raised by the talents of the father. " Ostentation, rather than a "twise and enlarged ambition, probably stimulated Frederick the " First to exchange the electoral bonnet for a crown. Whatever ," contempt has been' thrown on his character by his grandson, ' ' (the great King of Prussia,) he has always appeared to me to have' " challenged the gratitude of posterity. Hisjpersonal deformity, " his love of shew, and his attachment to favourites, are all ex- " posed with severity in the Memoirs ofthe House of Brandenburg." P. 115. This is the monarch alluded to in the above letter. r 211 ] but return'd again in the afternoon ; and 'tis ex pected her Majesty will go, either to-day or to morrow, to Potsdam, and stay there some time. The heron hawking is to begin there in a day or two, and that is all the bloodshed we talk of at present here. This Court, finding that the propositions for merly made to the Circle of Franconia from hence, by the Baron de Reichenbach, have made a great noise every where, much to the prejudice of their reputation, have, as I am told, sent in structions to most of their ministers in foreign Courts to vindicate their behavior in that point, and set in a truer light the reasons and nature of those demands. Orders are at last given for the battalion of the Prince Royal,! which is at Brandenburgh, to begin their march towards the Danube, on Wednesday next ; but Ave are yet uncertain when the squadron of the; yard de corps, the bat talion of grenadier guards, and the two batta lions of fusilier guards, Avhich were at first clesign'd thither, will march that way ; the King intend- ing to keep them at home, if he can supply their places by two regiments, he would Avillingly hire ofthe Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. X This " Prince Royal" was Frederic William, son ofthe last King, and father ofthe celebrated Frederic. He was the most harsh and unamiable of princes ; whose principal felicity seemed to consist in forming and disciplining a giant regiment of guards, (the gardes du corps mentioned in the letter,) the wonder and the ridicule of foreign princes." — Wraxall, 117. P 2 [ 212 ] We hear still of the levies going on pretty successfully. The great towns furnish the num bers demanded of them well enough ; but in the country, and among the little villages, the com missaries meet Avith many difficulties; and 'tis said that abundance of the young fellows quit their dwellings, and run into the territories of the neighbouring princes, rather than be forc'd to take service here. The weather being very charming, and no business to do, my Lord is gone to divert him self in the countrey for a few days, and has given me this opportunity of assuring you of my con stant respects. You will easily imagine Avith Avhat joy I offer 'em, Avhen I know now can didly you receive 'em. What one is forc'd to send from hence, puts one terribly in mind of recocta Cramb. and I fancy a Berlin circular, a Whitehall letter, and a London Gazette, are much in the same predicament of heaviness. I find they flatter themselves here with fresh hopes of money from Vienna : 'tis some time ago since severall would have nam'd me the merchants that had it ready to pay Mr. Kraut, yet there was nothing in it ; but you know Avell 'tis ready at Vienna. I have been severall times to see the E. R. S.'s wife, who lets drop a word of the mouey with caution ; talks of an abboucheme.nl with her husband at Carlsbad; and looks mys terious, as if he had left her .some mantle of in spiration. We expect our Velt-Marshall back C 213 ] in a few days from his rambles ; who may, per haps, have done as a King of France in the old ballad — went up the hill, and so came down again. I would have sent you a poem of Mr. Prior's, called the Ladle, being a burlesque on Baucis and Philemon, which I received lately from England ; but 'tis pretty long, and I fancy you must needs have read it before. However, if riot, it is at your command, as every thing is that belongs to, Sir, &c. GEO. TILSON. LETTER CXXVI. From the same to the same. Hague, 31st Aug. 1706. Sir, — I receiAred the honour of yours of the 18th here, where I have been pinn'd with my Lord's equipage, ever since his Excellency's being at the army ;f but now I hope soon to be relieved from that charge, since his Excellency in his last letter told me he believed he should be leaving the army as on Saturday last ; but I have no news whether he positively did so or no. I return you my most humble thanks for the ready offers you make me of your assistance, tho' my Lord's recommendation is the most na tural step to that preferment. Yet your credit f Lord Raby was gone to the Duke of Marlborough's camp at Rousaalaer, to congratulatehis Grace on the victory of Ramilics- [ 214 1 and experience are so well established, that a character from you must needs be very advan tageous to me; and you know better than I where 'tis most usefull to be given ; for 1 am perswaded his Lordship's recall will be sudden, and the Secretary has already told him so, but I don't find 'tis publick yet. At present 'tis likely the schism you mention is made at Munster ; but the Imperialists here laid more things to Count Metternich's charge, than the high treason of ceremony. They pro duced copys of severall letters, wherein he had promis'd to assist the Bishop of Osnabrug; they say he was ingag'd at his election to Paderborn, hot to pretend to Munster ; that by these arts he had got into the management of the Bishop of Osnabrug's interest ; that that Bishop had pro- cur'd him the resignation of a canon's place, to inable him to promote it, and give his vote for him ; and that he had turn'd all this against him. They add too, that the Dutchy were ingag'd by treaty to support the pretensions of the Bishop of Osnabrug to theBishoprick of Munster, kc; but notwithstanding that, they writ that sharp letter you mention to the Emperor, and say Mette is a very honest man ; and since, they have not been less brisk with His Imp. Maj. about the af fair of Hungary ; especially being fermented by what hapned between Rechteren and Wratislan, The Prussian Court was wonderful hot too upon the Hungarian disappointment; and 'tis likely C 215 ] joyn'd Avith the D. again in their representations on that matter. I am told Mons. Lintelo desired to be re. called; and to spare the pains of going to Berlin would have taken his leave at Lingen, but the States did not think fit to allow that, so he must go and have his audiences in form. My Lord Halifax I hear is got well into Eng land; but he was oblig'd to go with Mr.Addison to the Texel, and take his passage on board the convoy for our East-India ships. His Lordship was pleas'd to speak very kindly to me, white here, and I should be extremely glad to have his good opinion increas'd by your recommendations, for whom he has so great and just a value. Poor Mons. Spanheim's family have been often in tears upon their taking their leaves in Eng^ land. I fear the old gentleman will scarce bear out the fatigues of such a journey; he is so old, and^ troubled with the gravel, that he has not been able to indure a coach for some time, hav ing often pass' d blood, astheGr. Chamb, told me. That report you mention about the Swedes designing to invade Saxony has been very cur rant here too ; but I hope there are no just grounds for it ; at least the Swedes hefce seem to know nothing of it. I shall not fail of acquainting his Excellency with what you say of Pr. d'Auvergne's concern, I am, with great respect and esteem, Sir, &c. G. TILSON. [ 216 ] LETTER CXXVII. From Lord Raby to Mr. Stepney. Berlin, 14th Dec. 1700. Sir, — We hope now very soon to have an end of our doubts and surmises concerning the treaty between the King of Sweden and King Augustus; for a Minister of Sweden told me this day that he had a letter from Monsieur Her- melin; the Swedish secretary of state, now in Saxony, which assur'd him that King Augustus was come into the neighborhood, so that it would not be long before ihe articles of the treaty would be put in execution. Prince Radzivil, great chancellor of Lithu^ ania, is now here, and is very well received at Cpurt. The King has given him a house in this country ; and as he is very rich and power- full in his own country, he meets with great civilitys here, tho' the Swedes at present have burnt and destroyed the greatest part of his estate, for adhering firmly to the party of King Augustus. Yesterday the Court was entertain' d with the fighting of wild beasts in his Majesty's amphi theater ; and to-day the great ballet was again repeated, which is Aery noble and magnificent, being- performed chiefly by gentlemen and ladys of distinction. Yours, &c. . RABY, C 217 1 LETTER CXXVIII. From the same to the same. Berlin, 25th Dec. 1706. Sir, — The diversions and entertainments here, on account of the marriage, are now ended. His Majesty, to conclude them on Tuesday last, gave a supper in the great hall, where most of the entertainments have been made, and which was changed to another form to represent autumn. After supper, those who were invited drew at a lottery, which was made at the King's' charge, Where there were several lots of a con siderable value. Tie Prince of Anhalt Dessau is now here, who, we hope, will settle with this Court the state of the warr for next campain in Italy; and that the recruits will be sent thither in good time, as well as those into the Netherlands. The Margrave Albert's lady was brought abed Wednesday last of a princess, which being his first daughter, he designs the Queen of Eng land, with the Princess Royall, for godmothers ; and the christening1 is to be this night. We hear from Saxony that the King of Sweden came last Monday morning to Leipsig, to return the visit to King Augustus, who re ceived him with great appearance of civility ; but his Swedish Majesty did not stay to dinner, and severall pretend to observe a coldness at [ 218 ] these meetings of the two Kings, since the warmth of the first interview has been over. Mr. Wolfers, Avho has been here severall years as secretary from King Augustus, is gone to Leipsig with dispatches from Monsieur Prebendow. We hear discourses pretty often here, as if there were some likelihood of a peace being soon concluded between the King of Sweden and the Czar; but what is said is so uncertain yet, that one can make no judgment of the truth of that business. Next post I will answer your favour of the 17th. I am in hast this, but extreemly, much, Sir, your faithfull, humble servant, RABY, LETTER CXXIX. From the same to the same. Berlin, 5th March, 1707. g1Rj — We are mightily pleased at a relation Ave have from Italy, that about 60 of this King's troops attack'd a convoy of 200 French that were escorting by water provisions into Cre mona. They kill'd several of the French, took all their boats and provisions, and several pri soners, and the remaining few saved themselves by flight. All our recruits, as well for Italy as Flanders, ly ready here, about to march upon the very first orders; and the Prince Royall \ 219 J went out this morning to review four hundred men, Avhich are to recruite his three battalions, who march'd by this town towards Branden burg, where they are to remain till further orders. Monsieur Cniphausen, Avho is named to go as envoy to King Charles of Spain, has orders sent after him to go first to Turin, to solicite the Duke of Savoy to execute his parts of the treaty in relation to the King's 8000 men in Italy. We have lately had a marriage declared here by the King, which makes a great noise at this Court. 'Tis one Mademoiselle Brunaut, a maid of honour to the Princess Royall, who came with her Highness hither, and is esteemed her favourer, with Monsieur Kameke, grand maitre de la garderobe, and a favouret of the King's. His Majesty gave the ring of Fiancaille to the lady, which was worth 4000 crowns, and the Princess Royall gave that which was to be ex changed with Mr. Kameke, which is said to be worth 1500 crowns. Letters from Cracow, of the 26th Feb. tell us that the Muscovite Major-General Belim came thither the 24th, and the next day had a conference with the Magistracy here, and made an agreement concerning provisions and forage^ whereof magazins are to be made in three places, viz. at Cracow, Wisnitz, and Usbie. The Muscovites extend their quarters more and more in those parts. Letters from Lemberg, of the 20th, say, the Czar and his whole Court came [ 220 ] thither the 19th, and that the Polish Nobility had been to Avait on him. 'Tis resolved the Great Councill shall be transferred to Lublin, that the petty dyets may have more time to meet. In the mean time 'tis agreed that every thing shall continue on the foot of the Treaty of Sendomir. I am, Sir, yours, &c, RABY. LETTER CXXX. From Dr, Robinson* to Mr. Stepney. Dantzig, Jan. 23, 1706. Sir, — Enclosed is a letter from the fair Prin cess in answer to yours. Her correspondence * Dr. John Robinson was bred a clergyman, and had a living ju the north of England, somewhere in the neighbourhood of Hull. His patron being sent with the character of resident to the Court of Sweden, he accompanied him in the quality of chaplain and secretary ; and upon his being recalled or removed, he succeeded him, first, with the character only of secretary-resi dent, but afterwards of resident, in which he lived so long at that Court, that it could not be supposed any one understood the affairs of that kingdom better, which enabled him to write an Ac count of Sweden, a work justly esteemed. He followed the Camp of Charles XII.; and as he always supported the character so becoming his cloth, (though he had for a time exchanged it for the sword,) of being very grave and sober ; and besides, of being a man of solid sense; so on the other hand, he was always very vigilant and careful of the interest of his Sovereign; and he was at this time (1707) in that extraordinary Prince's army, with the character of Envoy-extraordinary. Some time afterwards he resided in Hamburgh, in the same character, with [ 221 J with you succeeds better than that she desires to have with her cozen-germain, the Duke of Gordon, to whom I handed a letter from her a good while ago, but no return is made. I have one to send him this day from her sister, Ma dame la Mareschale of the crown. I believe both are on the same subject; these two familys being in a kinde of exile, and great necessity. But I have not observed Scotland very fruitfull in such productions as their affaires need. I canot hear of any letters either over Thorne or Konigsberg, that mention the progress of the Swedish army, or any enterprize they have made, tho' it is now 13 or 14 days since they were in motion. If they have had so great a fall of snow as has been here, that, perhaps, may have re- the addition of plenipotentionary." — " He then took the gown again, and had, as a reward for his labours, the Bishopric of Bristol bestowed on him; was ofthe Queen's privy council, privy seal, and first plenipotentiary at the Congress at Utrecht; and, lastly, was translated to the See of London, in which he died." • Quoted in Lediard's life of Marlborough, vol. i. p. 466. The splenetic Oldmixon has been very severe upon the pomp and retinue with which Dr. Robinson appeared at the Utrecht Con gress. He says they consisted of " one coach with 8 horses, and five with six, four pages and 12 footmen in liveries ; with an ap pointment of 9000 ounces of plate, half of which was gilt ; and a black velvet gown, richly covered with gold loops, having along train, to be borne up by two pages in ash-coloured coats, with silver orvaces, and green velvet waistcoats." " This pompous account" he continues, " is no more suitable to the pastor of a Christian church, than it would be, if he had been made Master ofthe Cereinonie-;. But neither this consideration, nor the care of two Hocks of his as Dean of Windsor, and Bishop of Bristol; \\ ould keep this prelate at home." — P.-ltfc>. [ 222 ] ' tarded them. 'Tis said the King of Sweden's army there is about 22,000 men ; and from the other side 'tis writt, they are in a readiness to receive the visit. I suppose Mr. Whitworth* has follow'u the Czar to Mosco, haveing had nothing from him these two or three posts. A courier is lately pass'd thro' this place from Grodno to Dresden, Avith orders, 'tis said, for the relaxation of Patknl,f Avhose imprisonment the King of Poland disapproves. What must farther be done to content the Czar, will not so soon be known. Mr. Low Avrites me from Breslau, it is be lieved there her Majesty is to advance the Em peror 24- millions sterling upon the Dukedom of Silesia, and supposes in that case there will be occasion for several officers to manadge that revenue, of whom himself desires to be one. He has prayed me to write to England in his * Charles Whitworth, Queen Anne's resident at the Russian Court. f On the loth of May, 1707, Andrew Metueof, embassador extraordinary from the Emperor of Russia, delivered a letter to her Majesty from that monarch, complaining of King Augus tus's non-performance of treaties with him ; particularly of making a dishonourable peace with the King of Sweden, and delivering up to him Count Patkul, the Cjsar's minister and gene ral, as a Swedish deserter, contrary to the laws of nations, and desiring her Britannic Majesty's good offices for to produce the said Count's liberty ; which the Queen did accordingly make use of, but in vain, for Charles the XII. of Sweden, caused that Count to broken aliveupon the wheel. — Oldmixon, 388. See also Tindal's Continuation, iii. 792. [ 223 J favour, which I should do very heartily, if I .could possibly believe any truth in the report. A fin fish* (as they call it), judged to be above 100 foot long, has been strouling on this coast near three weeks, and frequently not above half a Dutch mile from the shore. Several compa nies of adventurers have man'd and arm'd boats, in hopes to seize that prey; but they have not hitherto succeeded. I am, with perfect esteem, Sir, your most humble and obedient servant J.ROBINSON. LETTER CXXXI. From the same to the same. Dantzig, Sept, 1, 1706. Sir, — I return my thanks for your favour of the 14th past. We have been much at a loss on this side allso, what judgement to make of the King of Sweden'sf designes this campagne. * Probably a marine animal ofthe kind described by Pontop- pidan, and called by him a sea serpent, 100 feet long, and having a mane or fin down its back; one of which was thrown ashore, a few years since, on onaofthe Scottish Isles, and others have lately appeared near Boston, on the shore of North America. It is called the Scoliophis Atlanticus, or great sea serpent of the North American seas. — Vide Monthly Magazine, March, 1818. fThe celebrated Charles XII. ; whose career, fate, and exem plification of" the vanity of human wishes," Johnson has so ner vously described in his incomparable Imitation of the 10th Satire of Juvenal. There is an admirable half-length portrait of this royal barbarian in the collection at Wentworth Castle, in Yorkshire, [224 ] The appearances and common report have been soe much for an invasion of Saxony, that Mon-- sieur Cranenburg and myself, have found it our duty, in the discharge of our orders, to send an express with a memorial, wherein we interceed in the Queen's and State's name, that his Ma jesty would forbear entring the empire with his army. Our express is not yet return'd ; when he does, I may send \ on a copy of the memorial, and what answer we gett. We have some hope that the Czar's march into Poland, with a nu merous army of his own people, and a greater swarm of Cossaks and Tartars, may move the Swedes to turn their arms that way; 4000 of these sparks have already been as far as Lublin, and surprized 200 Poles and 60 Swedes that were gathering contributions, most of which they have killed or taken. Some letters say Feldt Marshall Reinschild* is to march that way with his division, which being joyned by Gen. Meyer- feldt, may, 'tis suppos'd, stop that inundation. Those Magnates and others, that, to save their estates from the fire, have lately declar'd for Sta- nislaus,-]" are now at their Avitt's end, and have no * The best general in Charles XHth's service. The King was so atf ached to him, that the Marshal was known by the name of •the Northern Parmenio. t After the defeat of Augustus 2d, (King of Poland) at the battle of Clesson, Charles XII. determined to give a new king to Poland. In consideration of this resolution, Augustus was declared by the Diet of Warsaw incapable of wearing the crown of Poland; and Stanislaus Laczinski Palatine ofPosnonia, beiug recommended by Charles, he was exalted to that dignity. [ 225 ] and have no refuge but to the mercy of Augus- tusf to save them from the Muscovites. And he has accordingly interceeded for them; never theless their ruin will not be much less, tho' they escape the flames. For where those folks come, tho' the land before them be as the garden of Eden, behind them it will be a desert. I can hardly conceive there is any connexion beween this warr and that in Hungary. The King of Sweden has so amply declar'd his ab horrence of that warr, that it exceeds all belief he should meddle in it. Only, if Stanislaus (haveing allways been an avow'd Frenchman) could be able to serve them, it may be expected he would. The great general on the other side may allso encline to favour them. It is certain his lady does; and there seems great reason to apprehend, that, one way or other, warr will be fomented from these parts, if it continue much longer. I am, with perfect esteem, Sir, your most humble and obedient servant, J. ROBINSON. f Augustus II. Elector of Saxony and King of Poland. About 3 weeks after the date of this letter, (viz. the 24th of September,) he signed a peace, (in which Charles XII., Stanislaus, and him self were parties,) to the astonishment of all Europe, resigning the kingdom of Poland, the Great Dukedom of Lithuania, and, acknowledging Stanislaus as true and rightful King of Poland. He was contented with the empty name Of King, though that seemed rather a reproach, than any omission of honour to his elec- tpral dignity ; but he thought otherwise, and stipulated that it should be continued to him. — Tindal's Continuation, iii. 763. Q [ 226 1 LETTER CXXXII. ¦ From the same to the same. Leipzig, Dec. 18, 1706. Sir,— -On the 15th inst. King Augustus ar riv'd at Dresden, and the next morning: took post for this place, whither he came incognito the same evening, accompanied by his Grand Marshall Count Pflug, and some few domes- tiques. He log'd that night at Baron Imhof's house, who is president of the Treasury. King Stanislaus came hither also the same day; and yesterday morning he, together with the Count Sapieha, secretary of Lithuania, went to the King of Sweden's quarters. But his Majesty of Sweden having been advertiz'd that the other visit was also design'd, went with Stanislaus to the quarters of the Treasurer of Lithuania; which was the occasion, that King Aug'ustus, coming to the head-quarters about twelve o'clock, did not finde the King of Sweden there, and therefore went to Count Piper's* quarters, about an English mile off, where his Majesty remained in conference Avith the Count till about one, when his Majesty the King of Sweden came allso thither in great haste, and made but two steps of a pair of stairs of twelve. The King of Poland Avas but just got into the entry ' Count Piper was Charles XII.'s minister, and one of the best politicians of his age. [ 2-27 ] before Count Piper's chamber, Avhen the King of Sweden mett him; Avhere mutuall embraces past, that shew'd great affection on both sides. The King of Poland spoke, and the return was made in gestures extreamly civil ; and then the King of Sweden pressing King Augustus to go before him, they went into the apartment of Count Piper, which, the doors being open, was fill'd with a crowd of spectators. The two Kings remain'd there about three houres, which was mostly spent in a general conversation. Feltmarshall Reenshiold's compliment was much remark'd, who said he could be well content that should be the last day of his life in which he had seen these two great Kings met together, and so well united in affection. About four a' clock, the King of Sweden having invited his Royall guest to lodge that night at his quarters, which was as frankley accepted, they went thither, the King of Sweden giving t'other his own horse, and the right hand all the way. After supper, which was ended by seven a' clock, the King- of Sweden conducted King Augustus into his own bedchamber, a lodging being provided for himself elsewhere. They remain'd there allone above two houres ih conference, wherein there passed great marks of confidence and fami liarity, as was observed by severall that took the boldness to look thro' the Avindows, I have not yet heard what pass'd this morning before these two royal persons parted, and King Augustus Q 2 [ 228 ] returned hither, where he arriv'd about 12 o'clock, and went to the house he usually resides in when here. Both the Swedes and Saxons are overjoy'dat the happy success of this inter view, and both sides promise themselves all the good effects from it that they severally desire.* Sir, I presume this relation will fix your opi nion of our affaires in these parts. If you want more conviction, I can add, that my secretary chanc'd to be present when the two Kings first mett, and staid about an hour in the room where they were. I am told King Aug-ustus was up this morning at five a' clock, and made the King of Sweden a visit in his bedchamber, where they staid together till seven, and then were in publick for the most part till near eleaven, at which time King Augustus took his leave, and was accompanied by the King of Sweden to his calesh. No sooner the one King of Poland was gone, but his Majesty of Sweden took horse and rid to the other at Sapieha's quarters, f King Augustus gott a hurt on his thigh by the stroke of a hors, as he was comeing- from Dresden hither; and haveing stood much yes terday and this morning, he seem'd to be in pain at his return hither. * Thus far was written by Dr. Robinson's secretary. The remainder qf the letter by the Minister himself. t Dissimulation is generally considered as one of the vices of refinement; but the account of Charles's conduct injthis interview manifests that it is compatible with barbarism of character, and that the veriest savage may be the most consummate hypocrite. [ 229 ] If you favour me with any letters, I wish they may come thro' Mr. Clignet's hands. I am most sincerely, Sir, your most humble and obe dient servant, J. ROBINSON. I pray your favour for the enclosed. LETTER CXXXIII. From Mr. Addison* to Mr. Stepney. Whitehall, Sept. 3, 1706. Sir, — I beg leave to congratulate you upon your removal to a province that requires all * We have been so much accustomed to delight ourselves with the elegant productions of Addison's genius, that we can scarcely consider him in any other light than that of a man exclusively devoting himself to the pursuits of literature, the refinements of taste, and the service of the muses. But the unfor tunate fact is, that, as Johnson observes, the greater part of Addison's short life of 47 years was passed " amidst the storm of faction;" in the pursuit of political advance ment; and in the exercise ofthe official duties of those places with which his pursuit was rewarded. Both Somers and Hali fax were the friends of Addison ; but being out of office, their tes timonies of regard were confined to acts of personal civility, till the latter had the opportunity of introducing him to Godolphin, as a proper person to celebrate the victory of Blenheim. This production (poor as it really is, with the exception of its cele brated simile) obtained him ministerial patronage. He was sent in 1705 to Hanover with Lord Halifax ; and the next year made under secretary of state, first to Sir Chas. Hedges, and after wards to Lord Sunderland. The four letters given in this collec tion, were written during this last-mentioned appointment. His next situation was under the Marquis of Wharton, when lord [ 230 J those great abilities for which you are so de servedly celebrated, and at the same time to renew to you my assurances of an eternal grati tude and esteem. Tho' I have forbore troubling you with professions of this nature, I have often had an opportunity of mentioning my obligations to you, and the great respect I shall always have for so extraordipary a character as well in other countrys as in England. I shall take the liberty to trouble you with the news of the town and office, since I am better settled in my correspon dencies than I was formerly, and may now look upon you to be in our neighbourhood. f The union at present takes up all public discourse, and 'tis thought will certainly be concluded atlast,not- withstanding the late popular commotions. Our Barbados fleet is arrived under convoy of two men of Avar, and I hear Sir Bevil Granville died lieutenant of Ireland; then followed his appointment to the Secretary of the Regency, before the arrival of George I. in England; and lastly, his highest dignity, that of being made Secretary of State in 1717. " For this employment," says John son, " he might justly be supposed qualified by long practice of business, and by his regular ascent through other offices ; but expectation is often disappointed. It is universally confessed, that he was unequal to the duties of his place. In the House of Commons lie could not speak, and therefore was useless to the defence of Government. In the office, says Pope, he could not issue an order, without losing his time in quest of fine expres sions. What he gained in rank, he lost in credit ; and finding, by experience, his own inability, was forced to solicithis dismission with a pension of £1500 per annum." He was born 1st May, 1372 ; and died 17th Juno, 1719. t Mr. Stepney \\ as sent ambassador to the States General in 1706. I 231 ] on board one of 'em in his return from his go vernment. We have just now received a Lisbon mail, and as I am very much straighten'd in time, I send you an extract of a letter I receiv'd thence. I am Avith great respect, Sir, your most obedient and most humble servant, J. ADDISON. I am desired by one Mr. Johnson an English bookseller at the Hague to recommend him to your custome. He is a very understanding man, and the Lord Halifax's and Somerset's agent for books. LETTER CXXXIV. From the same to the same. Cock Pitt, Nov. 8th, 1706. Sir, — We hear that on the Fast-day appointed in Scotland to beg a blessing on the proceedings in Parliament relating to a union, that several of the clergy took occasion to shew their aversion to it. Mr. Loggan, an eminent divine in Etling- borough, had for his text the 11th verse of the 3d of the Revelations," Behold I come quickly, hold that fast which thou hast, that no man take thy crown." Another, they say, desired the Lord, in his prayer, that as he had formerly made their nation one of the heads of Europe, he would not now make it one of the tails. But £ 232 ] as it is natural for a turbulent discontented party to make more noise than those who are pleased with the ordinary course of affairs, though they are much the fewer in number, so they tell us that not only in the Parliament, but throughout the kingdom, the majority is for the union.* I have seen a printed memorial, as it is call'd, that has beenpresented to the Duke of Burgundy, and by him (as I am certainly informed) laid before the King of France. It proposes for the recruiting the army, and raising money in the present exigencies, that all the superfluous lacquys be immediately press'd for the army, which, by his calculation, will amount to three score thousand. He then calculates the number pf officers and pensions employed in the finances, taxes, posts, &c. which he reckons at fourscore thousand, half of which he would have suppressed, and their persons and pensions to be employed in the army. For a further supply of money he would have a coin of base alloy stamped, with which * It is singular that a measure so obviously calculated to pro mote the peace, prosperity, and safety both of England and Scot- land, as the union was, should have occasioned that violent opposition in both countries, which was manifested on the occa sion. Long experience has evinced to each nation the benefit, the blessing, of the measure. We have incorporated with our selves apeople, brave, intelligent, industrious, andmoral; ana tion " Inflexible in faith, invincible in arms." And to the Scotch, has been opened a fair and wide field for the ex ercise of those energies which they possess in a degree superior to any Other people ; and for the reaping of that harvest of success, which is ever the deserved reward of the persevering and worthy Jabourer, [ 233 ] the King shall buy up all the works in gold and silver, in convents, palaces, &c. and immediately turn them into current coin, which, by his com putation, would bringin two-thirds of money more than there is now in the kingdom. One of these books has been sent into England, and they say makes a great noise in its own country. A ship is come into Falmouth that left Lisbon ten days ago, (which is four days since our last packet came away,) that says there were then upward of threescore transports and sixteen men- of-war ; but that neither Sir Cloudsley Shovell nor my Lord Rivers was then arrived. Since the writing of this, I have received a long account of the Scotch affairs, which I send by itself : so begging you will excuse this trouble, I am, Sir, &c. J. ADDISON. LETTER CXXXV. From the same lo the same. Sir, — On Wednesday morning arrived a packet-boat from Lisbon, with letters of the 10th of Nov. N. S. They brought us the news of the safe arrival of all our descent fleet,* and that Sir * This was the confederate fleet, commanded by Sir C. Shovell, having 10,000 troops on board, under Lord Rivers, in tended for a descent on the coast of France. This, however, was deferred till the next year ; when Sir C. attacked Toulon, and burnt and destroyed eight of the best French ships of war.— TindaVs Continuation, v. iv. 30. [ 234 ] Cloudesly Shovel and Lord Rivers dined at the consul's the day before, where they had a confe rence with the Secretary of State, but it was thought they would stay there no longer than to get forrage and provisions, and refit their ships, which will take them up a month at least. Some letters say the Portuguese minesters were very importunate with them to employ all their forces on that side, and those who pretend to dive into affairs, think it is only out of a design to render them ineffectual ; but by all our advices from Lisbon we have reason to think that since they find the King of France is likely to fall, they would willingly come in for their share of the spoil, and consequently contribute what they can to it. Mr. Methuen, I hear, declines his envoy- ship, and very much solicites leave to return into England ; but if he may succeed his father in his ambassy, it is not doubted but he will be con tented to stay there some time longer. On the 10th Nov. the Winchester man-of-war was sent expresseto Alicant from Lisbon to advise Lord Galway of the arrival of the fleet. Mr. Crow, Avho was named for envoy to the King of Spain on a negotiation of commerce, is now preparing for his government of Barbados, and that whole affaire being put into the hands of Mr. Stanhope, who is now with King Charles, under the character of the Queen's envoy, it is supposed that several of his friends, Avho fancied he might be shock'd by Crow's commission, [ 235 ] t have interposed in the affaire. — Edinburgh, Nov. 8th. Letters of this date that came in this morning ffive an account of several heats and addresses against the incorporating union. It looks very odd that there shou'd be so great a majority in Parli:ia>ent against what seems to be the bent of the nation, and that they have taken no care to confront addresses on this occasion. The par ticulars of their transactions will I know be sent lo you from other hands. The bishoprick of Winchester will not be dis posed of, as it is said, 'till the next session of Parliament is over ; which may probably have a good effect on the bench of candidates for it. I am much obliged to you for the honour of yours of the 23d, and the place you give me in your memory ; and shall ever be, with the great est esteem, Sir, &c. J. ADDISON, Cock-Pit, Nov. 15. LETTER CXXXVI. From the same to the same. Sir, — Yesterday the Duke of Marlb rough came to town, and notwithstanding his Grace had defer'd his arrival till the dusk of the even ing, and endeavour'd to enter as privately as pos sible, thecommon people of Southwarkdiscover'd him, and immediately giving the alarm to their [ 236 J brotherwood in the city, attended him with huzzas and acclamations to the Court. A credential is dispatching from the Queen to the King of Portugal, to engage his Majesty to treat with Earl Rivers about the operations ofthe ensuing campaign on that side and in Valentia. We have had a strong report in town of my Lord Keeper's being married to Mrs. Clavering; but I do not hear that his Lordship ownes it. There is to-night a general Council held at Kensington, design'd, as it is supposed, to pro rogue the Parlament a week longer. Our last letters from Scotland give us great hopes of their coming to a speedy and happy conclusion in the affaire of the Union. We had yesterday a very joyfull report in the city of the arrival of nine East-India ships at Kinsale in Ireland, upon which the stock of the new Company rose very considerably ; but I find that they have heard nothing of it at the Admiralty, so that it was probably an invention of the stock-jobbers. We expect suddenly to hear of a governour of the Towr, Guernsy, and Sheerness, which are all three at present without a head. Mr. Methuen, I am informed, will have the character, at least the appointments, of an ambassadour ; that being- at present so expen sive a post, that he could not think of entering upon it on the foot of an envoy. L 237 3 I just now hear Major-General Withers is made governour of Sheerness; and am told that Mr. Prior has bin making an interest privately for the headship of Eaton, in case Dr. Go- dolphiu goes off in this removal of bishops. We have no particulars of Scotch news, be sides what are to be met with in the public prints. I am, Sir, &c. J. ADDISON. LETTER CXXXVII. From Mr. Harley* to Mr. Stepney. Whitehall, July 9—20, 1706. Sir, — Friday night late we received four mails together, which brought me the favour of * Created Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer in 1711. Swift, whose powerful, but rude, talents, perverted by faction, and associated with an unparalleled grossness of taste, were ever at the service of the party to which his strong prejudices, for the time, attached him, has laboured hard in the Examiner to ex hibit Harley as a pattern of all that was great and good. " Mr. " Harley," says he, " had the honour of being chosen Speaker, " successively, to three Parliaments ; he was the first, of late " years, that ventured to restore the forgotten custom of treating " his Prince with duty and respect. Easy and disengaging in " private conversation, with such a weight of affairs upon his " shoulders ; of great learning, and as great a favourer and " protector of it; intrepid by nature, as well as by the con- " sciousness of- his own integrity ; and a despiser of money ; " pursuing the true interest of his Prince and country against all " obstacles ; sagacious to view into the remotest consequences " of things, by which all difficulties fly before him. A firm L 238 ] three from you, viz. two of June 23, and a third of June 26; and yesterday I had the favor of yours from Tirn.au, of July 2d. You have had much fatigue in this treaty. I wish either side were dispos'd to do what is reasonable; and I doubt Count Wratislau will not meet with much success in his private negociation. In the mean time, here the Commissioners for Enp-Jand and Scotland have agreed upon the terms of an union, and the articles are now drawing up into form, to be sign'd in a very few dayes. I can assure you, as to your letter relating to Venice, that it has never yet been out of my custody. But it is no wonder the Venetians shou'd know Avhat opinion England has of them, since their own Ambassadour meets with that discourse every where. And further, the Lords of the Council have had several conferences Avith him, Avhere he has been spoke to very " friend and a placable enemy, sacrificing his justest resent- " ments, not only to public good, but to common intercession " and acknowledgment. Yet with all these virtues it must be " granted there is some mixture of human infirmity. His great- " est admirers must confess his skill at cards and dice" (he alludes here to Lord Godolphin) " to be very low and superficial. " In horse-racing he is utterly ignorant. Then to save a few " millions to the public, he never regards how many citizens he " hinders from making up their plumb. And surely there is one " thing never to be forgiven him, that he delights to have his " table filled with black coats, whom he uses as if they were " gentlemen."-— No 26. But, it is not from a cotemporary par- tizan that we must receive the character of a public man. His tory, which impartially relates his measures, alone presents it in a clear, intelligible, and undisguised point of view. [ 239 J plainly upon that subject : but I Avill reserve that for another time. I shall now only mention two points which I am directed to do ; the first is relating: to the Margrave of Baden. The posture of affairs there is so very Avonderfull, that it makes it necessary to press the Court of Vienna, to know the true state of that case. For either that Prince is able to do something, or he is not; if he is, and doth nothing, that is a fault requires present remedy; if he is not able to do any thing, it shou'd be known what he wants, and Avho ought to supply that. For it is astonishing that the French should be able from time to time to make such large detachments from that army, and he not to be in a condition, to act any thing against them. The next point is the affair of the treaty with the Landgrave of Hesse for his troops. I send you enclos'd a copy of the secret article, and also an extract of Mr. Vryberge's letter, that you may joyn with the Minister of the States to press his Imperial Majesty to the declaration desir'd; otherwise the march of those troops for Italy, where they are so much wanted, Avill be stop'd. I earnestly recommend these parti culars to your care and dispatch. I am, with true esteem, Sir, your most faithful and most humble servant, RO. HARLEY. [ 240 ] LETTER CXXXVIII. From Sir Rich. Steele! to 3Ir. G. Lewis. April 13th 1709. Sir, — I am in very much pain about the affair between us, having at this time the mis fortune of great occasion for dayly expence. You know you are sure, and hope that will pre vail upon you not to do a surprising thing to my disadvantage. Care is taking to bring you in your money before the term, and your civility cannot be a prejudice, since that is within the time you could propose by the severest methods. Your most humble servant, RICH. STEELE. + The pecuniary difficulty in which the thoughtless writer of this letter was now involved, arose from his omitting to repay a sum of money borrowed two years before of the worthy gold smith; and which, as appears by the following document, he had engaged to return in six months after receiving it. The Knight's character forms a striking proof of the danger and the curse of talent, without prudence to guard, and principle to direct it. " Whereas Richard Steele, esq; hath borrowed of mee George Lewis,' ^goldsmith, the sum of one hundred pounds, and for securing the payment thereof, with interest, hath given me his bond, dated herewith payable the second day of August next, and hath assigned to mee a bond of one hundred and fifteen pounds, and int. from his mother-in-law, Mrs. Sturlock, as a further security. Now I promise, on payment of the said one hundred pounds and interest to mee, according to the said bond, given to mee by the said Richard Steele, to deliver up both the said bonds and assignments to the said Richard Steele. Witness my hand this 10th day of February, 1707." FINIS. Prinredby Richard Cruttwell, St. JamcsVScrcet, Bath. YALE UNIVERSITY I