:_'. Yale Peruvian expeditions, 1911-1915, Publications, v. 28. "I gibe thefe Booh : Xfr>*^^fmm&i*fit (Mfg. in this- Colony" 1921 RESULTS OF THE YALE PERUVIAN EXPEDITION OF 1911. ORTHOPTERA (ACRlbllM— SHORT-HORNED LOCUSTS) By LAWRENCE BRUNER Of the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska- No. 1949. — From the Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Vol. 44;, pages" 177-187 Published February 11, 1913 Washington Government Printing Office 1913 RESULTS OF THE YALE PERUVIAN EXPEDITION OF 1911. ORTHOPTERA (ACRIDIID.E— SHORT-HORNED LOCUSTS). By Lawrence Bruner, Of ihe University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska. The insects upon which the present report is based are part of a collection made in Peru, South America, by the Yale expedition of 1911. While not extensive, this collection of locusts is interesting on account of the large percentage of new forms that are contained in it. Only 19 species and subspecies are represented by the 92 speci mens at hand. Of these 7 are apparently new, and among these are 2 apparently new genera. Family PROSCOPID^E. ANCHOTATUS PERUVIANUS Brunner. A single specimen was taken 7,000 feet above sea level on August 8, at Tincochaca. CEPHALOCOEMA VITTATA, new species. Similar in form to Cephalocoema costulata Burmeister, but very distinct from that species in its much smaller size and smoother body. In the synoptic table of species by me published in the thirtieth volume of the Proceedings of the United States National Museum this insect runs to section A under bb. Head a little longer than the pronotum, the rostrum of the vertex slender, quadrangular, a trifle exceeding the rest of the head in length, its sides nearly parallel, in the male gently bent downwards apically, in the female straight; eyes not prominent; antennae scarcely one- half (male) or a trifle more than one-half (female) the length of the rostrum. Pronotum a little narrowed in advance of the middle, the median carina rather strong and bordered on either side by a well- defined longitudinal sulcus that extends also across the meso- and meta-thorax as well as most of the abdominal segments. There are two small but fairly conspicuous wart-like raised spots on the disk Proceedings U. S. National Museum, Vol. 44— No. 1949. 69077°— Proc.N.M.vol.44— 13 12 177 178 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 44. of the pro thorax just back of its middle, and the anterior margin is very gently expanded and rounded. Hind femora slender, short, the carinas not conspicuous; hind tibiae also slender, 8 or 9 spined on both edges. Supra-anal plate of female elongate triangular, its apex reaching one-third the length of the upper valves of the ovipositor; last ventral segment of male abdomen lanceolate, tricarinate, about as long as the rostrum of the vertex, its apex deeply emarginate. General color pale brunneo-testaceous; in the female longitudinally trivittate with dull olive above, in the male uniformly olivaceous above and testaceous beneath. Length of body, male, 45 mm., female, 62 mm.; of head, male, 9 mm., female, 11 mm.; of rostrum, male, 5 mm., female, 6mm.; of pronotum, male, 7 mm., female, 9.5 mm. ; of hind femora, male, 15 mm., female, 19 mm. One male, three females, two nymphs, Cuzco, July 6-12, 11,500 feet altitude; one nymph, Ollantartambo, July 21, 9,000 feet altitude. Type.— Female, July 6. Cat. No. 15039, U.S.N.M. Family TRYXALID^E. ORPHULELLA PUNCTATA De Geer. Several specimens from Santa Anna, at an elevation of 3,000 feet and a single one from Huadquina, the latter at 5,000 feet above sea level. These insects are somewhat variable, but run' to punctata by the various synoptic keys. ORPHULELLA INTRICATA St&l? Other specimens of an OrphuleUa coming from San Miguel and Paltaybamba fall nearer to Stal's intricata which is not distantly removed from punctata. The altitude of the latter locality is given as 5,000 and the former as 6,000 feet. MELOSCmTUS MONTANUS, new species. Similar to, but much larger and more robust than, Meloscirtus australis Bruner from Paraguay. Possibly quite variable in color, but without fuscous bands or maculation on the hind femora. Head moderately large, as wide as the front edge of the pronotum. Eyes a little longer than the anterior edge of the cheeks immediately below them, separated above by a space one-half wider than the frontal costa between the antennae, the fastigium noticeably but shallowly sulcate, its antero-lateral carinas meeting in front in a right angle, the lateral foveolse very plainly visible from above, a little more than twice as long as broad, quadrangular. Frontal costa prominent, widening almost evenly downwards and reaching the clypeus, not at all or scarcely sulcate, coarsely punctulate at sides above the no. 1949. YALE PERUVIAN EXPEDITION, ORTHOPTERA— BRUNER. 179 ocellus. Antennae slightly flattened, only reaching the last trans verse sulcus of the pronotum. The latter a little constricted laterally in the middle, the lateral carinae prominent, continuous strongly arcuate, approachmg most closely at the anterior transverse sulcus; median carina prominent throughout, cut at middle by the last sulcus; anterior margin straight, the posterior margin broadly angulate; lateral lobes more or less longitudinally rugose, the hind lobe coarsely punctulate. Tegmina abbreviated, lateral, acuminate, their costal margin roundly expanding on the basal half. Hind femora mode rately robust, as long as the abdomen; the tibiae 10-spined externally, the inner apical spurs much longer than the outer ones, unequal in size. General color varying from pale green to dull wood brown. Marked on the sides of head, pronotum and tegmina much as is Meloscirtus australis. Hind femora without definite fuscous markings across the upper edge and outer disk. The inner disk somewhat varied with piceous, and the upper portion of outer disk evenly embrowned. Tegmina faintly conspersed with fuscous and provided with a lanceo late subcostal pale stripe that extends fully three-fifths the length of the wing. Lower side of body pallid ; the hind tibiae vinaceous red. Length of body, female, 21-23 mm.; of pronotum, 4.35 mm.; of tegmina, 7 mm. ; of hind femora, 13 mm. Habitat. — There are four female specimens of this locust at hand. They were taken in July at Cuzco, Peru, 11,500 feet above sea level, where the insect fauna undoubtedly is strongly boreal in its make-up. Type.— Female. Cat. No. 15040, U.S.N.M. Family LOCUSTID^E (OEDIPODINJE). TRIMEROTROPIS OCHRACE1PENNIS Blanchard. The only Oedipodine locust represented in the collection studied is referred to Blanchard's ochraceipennis. The nine specimens at hand were taken at Cuzco, where the elevation is recorded as 11,500 feet. Both sexes are represented. They show but little variation in mark ings and size. Family OMMEXICHID^. OMMEXECHA BRUNNERI Bolivar. Four specimens belonging to this genus are referred to Bolivar's orunneri. They were taken, one male at Huadquina, two females at San Miguel, and the fourth at Torontoy, the latter having an eleva tion of 7,000 feet. All these specimens were taken during the latter part of July. CUMAINOCLOIDUS, new genus. The present genus is based on an apterous or subapterous locust with a shghtly compressed and rather strongly rugose body, having 180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 44. the hind margin of the pronotum plainly reflexed and strongly undulate throughout. The hind tibiae are spined at the apex exter nally and the presternum has its anterior margin developed into a fairly strong spine. While very distinct from all other known forms this insect seems to show affinities with the Ommexichidse rather than with the Acridiidae or Cyrtacanthacridae, as we may be obliged to write it. Its type is the f oHowing-described species : CUMAINOCLOIDUS CORDrLLERE, new species. Body robust about the thorax and the base of the abdomen, com pressed, the surface of the head, pronotum, meso- and meta-thorax and the basal segment of the abdomen irregularly and strongly rugose. Head moderately large, higher than wide, its sides nearly parallel, set into the thorax almost to the eyes. Latter small, not prominent, elliptical, separated above by a space equal to their shortest diameter, the front portion of the occiput irregularly rugose, the vertex but little depressed, bounded by strong but sinuose carinae that converge suddenly in front and unite with the lateral walls of the frontal costa, the sulcation irregularly studded with rugosities; frontal costa moderately prominent, narrow above, evenly and gently expanding below, continuous to the clypeus, pro foundly sulcate and also studded below the ocellus with a few rugosi ties; lateral or facial carinae somewhat divergent below, somewhat irregular or crenulate; the front rather profusely rugulose, as are also the genae, the anterior margin of the latter nearly or quite one-half longer than the eyes. Antennae slender, not quite as long as the head and pronotum combined, most of the joints a little depressed, 16 or 17 in number. Pronotum tectiform, the median carina prominent and notched by all three transverse sulci, giving to it a lobed appear ance when viewed laterally, the posterior sulcus alone continuous; lateral carinae wanting; anterior margin faintly undulate and shghtly angulately advanced upon the occiput, but with the apex gently notched; hind margin somewhat thickened or reflexed, lobately undulate throughout with about seven such lobes on each side of the middle: Surface rugose. Tegmina visible only as very minute lateral pads, the apex of which barely show beyond the hind margin of the pronotum. Hind femora moderately robust, evenly tapering toward the apex, the outer and upper carina? rather distantly and minutely spined or toothed; hind tibiae robust, 11-spined on both margins including the apical ones, the spines heavy and equal on the two margins, extending from near the base. Prosternum with its anterior margin at center raised so as to form a fairly acute triangular spine. Mesosternal lobes rounded internally, the space between them fully twice as wide as long and wider than the lobes themselves; no. 1949. YALE PERUVIAN EXPEDITION, ORTHOPTERA— BRUNER. 181 metasternal lobes also quite widely separated. Valves of the ovi positor short but strong, the apical hooks short. Auditory appara tus minute or missing. General color variable, possibly depending upon the kind of soil upon which the insect is found, in the type-specimen brunneo- testaceous, with a ferruginous tinge on its pronotum and the outer disk of the hind femora. The latter with a basal, median, and sub apical fuscous patch on the upper margin; the genicular lunules piceous, as are also the carinal teeth; lower sulcus bright carmine; hind tibiae pale cinereous varied with fuscous flecks and blotches. The second specimen is quite uniformly cinereo-fuscous, showing a tinge of ferruginous only on the lower part of the thorax about the base of its anterior and middle legs. The antennae in both specimens are ashy gray apically. Length of body, female 25 mm.; of pronotum, 5.75 mm.; greatest width of latter, 6.5 mm.; length of hind femora, 13 mm.; of antennae, 6.5 mm. Two females, Ollantaytambo, Peru, July 21, at an elevation of approximately 9,000 feet above sea level. Judging from the general appearance of the two specimens before me, this insect must be confined in its distribution to more or less arid localities. Type.— C&t. No. 15041, U.S.N.M. Family CYRTACANTHACRID^E (ACRIDIID^E) . DIEDRONOTUS ANGULATUS StiU. Only a single specimen of this extensive South American genus is at hand. It was taken on the Pampaconas River during the month of August. While the present insect is rather longer winged than usual, it is referred, nevertheless, to St&l's angulatus. PRIONOLOPHA SERRATA Linnasus. Two females of this magnificent locust are at hand from Huadquina. They are typical specimens. URUBAMBA, new genus.1 Related to Jivarus Giglio-Tos and Platyphyma Fieber. A genus of inconspicuous South American locusts of small size, the species of which are either apterous or subapterous, and have apical spines on both margins of the hind tibiae and a much shorter hind lobe of the pronotum than the anterior one. The posterior margin of the'former is broadly emarginate. So far as known the representatives of this genus are confined in their distribution to the Andean regions of i Urubamba Is a geographical name in the region which is the habitat of these small locusts. It has been chosen on account of Its euphony. 182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.44. Peru and possibly of Bolivia and Ecuador also. Platyphyma is found only in the Old World, and hence need not be compared with Urubamba, which latter genus may be separated from Jivarus by the following table : Key for separating the South American Platyphymata. Body subfusiform ; front strongly oblique. Antennae 16-jointed. Last ventral seg ment of male abdomen conical, somewhat acute; the cerci compressed and with the apex spatulate, truncate. Hind tibiae 8-spined on both margins. Jivarus Giglio-Tos. Body robust anteriorly, but tapering caudad. Front normal, only perceptibly oblique. Antennse 18-jointed. Last ventral segment short, the apex rounded; the cerci long and slender, the apex pointed. Hind tibise 9-spined on both margins Urubamba, new genus. Two distinct species of the genus are at hand, and both seem to be undescribed. They may be separated by the characters given in the subjoined synoptic key. Body more slender, entirely apterous; the pronotum very strongly rugulose; the lateral carinae not prominent and much interrupted; the transverse sulci not especially profound. Prosternal spine, coarse, short, and blunt. Hind femora, at least in the female, provided with fuscous bands, the genicular area not infuscated. Insect, especially the legs, strongly hirsute aptera, new species. Body more robust; the pronotum rugose only at the sides of the anterior lobe, the hind lobe coarsely and closely pitted or punctulate; lateral carinse promi nent, but little interrupted; transverse sulci profound. Prosternal spine robust and transverse at its base, acuminate. Hind femora without fuscous bands, the genicular portion prominently infuscated. Insect scarcely hirsute, even on the legs inconspicua, new species. The species aptera, which is represented by both sexes, may be considered as the type of the genus. URUBAMBA APTERA, new species. General color pallid, more or less varied on the head back of the eyes, on the upper half of the sides of the pronotum, and on the sides of the basal abdominal segments with brown or piceous. Possibly varying from testaceous to olivaceous in life according to habitat and age. Hind femora in the female with traces of fuscous bands above and on the outer disk. Lower sulcus reddish purple; hind tibiae also likewise tinged. Body rather profusely hirsute throughout; especially is this true with reference to the legs and the hind tibiae and tarsi in particular, which